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A light diet for a giant appetite: An assessment of China's proposed fluorescent lamp standard
Lin, Jiang
standard for linear fluorescent lamps Length (mm) Minimum efficacy (lm/W) Efficacy for energy conservation
Fluorescent lamp with static magnetic field generating means
Moskowitz, P.E.; Maya, J.
A fluorescent lamp wherein magnetic field generating means (e.g., permanent magnets) are utilized to generate a static magnetic field across the respective electrode structures of the lamp such that maximum field strength is located at the electrode's filament. An increase in efficacy during operation has been observed. 2 figs.
Broader source: Energy.gov [DOE]
FEMP temporarily suspended its energy efficiency requirements for fluorescent tube lamps as it evaluates the market impact of the pending 2012 minimum efficiency standards for fluorescent lamps. The program will issue updated energy efficiency requirements when the market distribution of this product category stabilizes and when doing so has the potential to result in significant Federal energy savings.
Fluorescent filtered electrophosphorescence
Forrest, Stephen (Ann Arbor, MI); Sun, Yiru (Princeton, NJ); Giebink, Noel (Ann Arbor, MI); Thompson, Mark E. (Anaheim Hills, CA)
The present invention relates to organic light emitting devices (OLEDs), and more specifically to OLEDS that emit light using a combination of fluorescent emitters and phosphorescent emitters for the efficient utilization of all of the electrically generated excitons.
Fluorescent filtered electrophosphorescence
Forrest, Stephen R. (Princeton, NJ); Sun, Yiru (Princeton, NJ); Giebink, Noel (Princeton, NJ); Thompson, Mark E. (Anaheim Hills, CA)
The present invention relates to organic light emitting devices (OLEDs), and more specifically to OLEDS that emit light using a combination of fluorescent emitters and phosphorescent emitters for the efficient utilization of all of the electrically generated excitons.
Max Tech and Beyond: Fluorescent Lamps
Scholand, Michael
Fluorescent lamps are the most widely used artificial light source today, responsible for approximately 70% of the lumens delivered to our living spaces globally. The technology was originally commercialized in the 1930's, and manufacturers have been steadily improving the efficacy of these lamps over the years through modifications to the phosphors, cathodes, fill-gas, operating frequency, tube diameter and other design attributes. The most efficient commercially available fluorescent lamp is the 25 Watt T5 lamp. This lamp operates at 114-116 lumens per watt while also providing good color rendering and more than 20,000 hours of operating life. Industry experts interviewed indicated that while this lamp is the most efficient in the market today, there is still a further 10 to 14% of potential improvements that may be introduced to the market over the next 2 to 5 years. These improvements include further developments in phosphors, fill-gas, cathode coatings and ultraviolet (UV) reflective glass coatings. The commercialization of these technology improvements will combine to bring about efficacy improvements that will push the technology up to a maximum 125 to 130 lumens per watt. One critical issue raised by researchers that may present a barrier to the realization of these improvements is the fact that technology investment in fluorescent lamps is being reduced in order to prioritize research into light emitting diodes (LEDs) and ceramic metal halide high intensity discharge (HID) lamps. Thus, it is uncertain whether these potential efficacy improvements will be developed, patented and commercialized. The emphasis for premium efficacy will continue to focus on T5 lamps, which are expected to continue to be marketed along with the T8 lamp. Industry experts highlighted the fact that an advantage of the T5 lamp is the fact that it is 40% smaller and yet provides an equivalent lumen output to that of a T8 or T12 lamp. Due to its smaller form factor, the T5 lamp contains less material (i.e., glass, fill gas and phosphor), and has a higher luminance, enabling fixtures to take advantage of the smaller lamp size to improve the optics and provide more efficient overall system illuminance. In addition to offering the market a high-quality efficacious light source, another strong value proposition of fluorescent lighting is its long operating life. In today's market, one manufacturer is offering fluorescent lamps that have a rated life of 79,000 hours - which represents 18 years of service at 12 hours per day, 365 days per year. These lamps, operated using a long-life ballast specified by the manufacturer, take advantage of improvements in cathode coatings, fill gas chemistry and pressure to extend service life by a factor of four over conventional fluorescent lamps. It should be noted that this service life is also longer (approximately twice as long) as today's high-quality LED products. The fluorescent market is currently focused on the T5 and T8 lamp diameters, and it is not expected that other diameters would be introduced. Although T8 is a more optimal diameter from an efficacy perspective, the premium efficiency and optimization effort has been focused on T5 lamps because they are 40% smaller than T8, and are designed to operate at a higher temperature using high-frequency electronic ballasts. The T5 lamp offers savings in terms of materials, packaging and shipping, as well as smaller fixtures with improved optical performance. Manufacturers are actively researching improvements in four critical areas that are expected to yield additional efficacy improvements of approximately 10 to 14 percent over the next five years, ultimately achieving approximately 130 lumens per watt by 2015. The active areas of research where these improvements are anticipated include: (1) Improved phosphors which continue to be developed and patented, enabling higher efficacies as well as better color rendering and lumen maintenance; (2) Enhanced fill gas - adjusting proportions of argon, krypton, neon and xenon to optimize performance, while also m
Fluorescence analyzer for lignin
Berthold, J.W.; Malito, M.L.; Jeffers, L.
An apparatus for measuring lignin concentration with time resolved fluorescence in an undiluted wood pulp or black liquor sample, on a real-time, in situ basis is described, comprising: light source means for applying excitation light pulses at a selected wavelength and at known time intervals to the undiluted sample for causing the lignin concentration to produce fluorescent emission light with a fluorescence intensity that monotonically decreases in a quenched fluorescence regime; light detector means for measuring the emission light at the known time intervals and establishing signals indicative thereof; switching means for turning said light detector means on at precise specified time intervals after each excitation light pulse; and signal processing means connected to the light source means and the light detector means for comparing intensities of the emission light from the lignin in the quenched fluorescence regime to the intensities of the excitation light pulses on a time resolved basis for providing a measurement of the lignin concentration in the undiluted sample as a function of the time resolved emission light intensity.
Fluorescent image tracking velocimeter
Shaffer, Franklin D. (Library, PA)
A multiple-exposure fluorescent image tracking velocimeter (FITV) detects and measures the motion (trajectory, direction and velocity) of small particles close to light scattering surfaces. The small particles may follow the motion of a carrier medium such as a liquid, gas or multi-phase mixture, allowing the motion of the carrier medium to be observed, measured and recorded. The main components of the FITV include: (1) fluorescent particles; (2) a pulsed fluorescent excitation laser source; (3) an imaging camera; and (4) an image analyzer. FITV uses fluorescing particles excited by visible laser light to enhance particle image detectability near light scattering surfaces. The excitation laser light is filtered out before reaching the imaging camera allowing the fluoresced wavelengths emitted by the particles to be detected and recorded by the camera. FITV employs multiple exposures of a single camera image by pulsing the excitation laser light for producing a series of images of each particle along its trajectory. The time-lapsed image may be used to determine trajectory and velocity and the exposures may be coded to derive directional information.
Fluorescent Protein Applications in Microscopy
Straight, Aaron
. The Identification of Green Fluorescent Protein III. Formation of the GFP Chromophore IV. The Structure of GFP V environment. II. The Identification of Green Fluorescent Protein The isolation of green fluorescent protein of Aequorea, Shimomura et al. noted that the lumines- cence from aequorin was blue rather than the green
Renewable Surface Fluorescence Sandwich Immunoassay Biosensor...
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
Renewable Surface Fluorescence Sandwich Immunoassay Biosensor for Rapid Sensitive Botulinum Toxin Detection in an Automated Renewable Surface Fluorescence Sandwich Immunoassay...
Fluorescent silica colloids for study and visualization of skin care products
Sokolov, Igor
due to long exposures to cold and dry air (7). Different skin care products are used to hy- drate dryFluorescent silica colloids for study and visualization of skin care products Swaminathan Iyer: The efficacy of skin care products depends on the time and dynamics of their absorbance by the skin, and its
Compact fluorescent lamp using horizontal and vertical insulating septums and convective venting geometry
Siminovitch, M.
A novel design is described for a compact fluorescent lamp, including a lamp geometry which will increase light output and efficacy of the lamp in a base down operating position by providing horizontal and vertical insulating septums positioned in the ballast compartment of the lamp to provide a cooler coldspot. Selective convective venting provides additional cooling of the ballast compartment. 9 figs.
F. Arqueros; F. Blanco; D. Garcia-Pinto; M. Ortiz; J. Rosado
Detection of the air-fluorescence radiation induced by the charged particles of extensive air showers is a well-established technique for the study of ultra-high energy cosmic rays. Fluorescence telescopes provide a nearly calorimetric measure of the primary energy. Presently the main source of systematic uncertainties comes from our limited accuracy in the fluorescence yield, that is, the number of fluorescence photons emitted per unit of energy deposited in the atmosphere by the shower particles. In this paper the current status of our knowledge on the fluorescence yield both experimental an theoretical will be discussed.
Berman, S.M.; Richardson R.W.
The radiant emission of a mercury-argon discharge in a fluorescent lamp assembly is enhanced by providing means for establishing a magnetic field with lines of force along the path of electron flow through the bulb of the lamp assembly, to provide Zeeman splitting of the ultraviolet spectral line. Optimum results are obtained when the magnetic field strength causes a Zeeman splitting of approximately 1.7 times the thermal line width.
Fluorescent temperature sensor
Baker, Gary A [Los Alamos, NM; Baker, Sheila N [Los Alamos, NM; McCleskey, T Mark [Los Alamos, NM
The present invention is a fluorescent temperature sensor or optical thermometer. The sensor includes a solution of 1,3-bis(1-pyrenyl)propane within a 1-butyl-1-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ionic liquid solvent. The 1,3-bis(1-pyrenyl)propane remains unassociated when in the ground state while in solution. When subjected to UV light, an excited state is produced that exists in equilibrium with an excimer. The position of the equilibrium between the two excited states is temperature dependent.
Fluorescence analyzer for lignin
Berthold, John W. (Salem, OH); Malito, Michael L. (Hubbard, OH); Jeffers, Larry (Alliance, OH)
A method and apparatus for measuring lignin concentration in a sample of wood pulp or black liquor comprises a light emitting arrangement for emitting an excitation light through optical fiber bundles into a probe which has an undiluted sensing end facing the sample. The excitation light causes the lignin concentration to produce fluorescent emission light which is then conveyed through the probe to analyzing equipment which measures the intensity of the emission light. Measures a This invention was made with Government support under Contract Number DOE: DE-FC05-90CE40905 awarded by the Department of Energy (DOE). The Government has certain rights in this invention.
Development of a fluorescent cryocooler
Edwards, B.C.; Buchwald, M.I.; Epstein, R.I.; Gosnell, T.R.; Mungan, C.E.
Recent work at Los Alamos National Laboratory has demonstrated the physical principles for a new type of solid-state cryocooler based on anti-Stokes fluorescence. Design studies indicate that a vibration-free, low-mass ``fluorescent cryocooler`` could operate for years with efficiencies and cooling powers comparable to current commercial systems. This paper presents concepts for a fluorescent cryocooler, design considerations and expected performance.
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
biololgical cells, over the measurement of impurities in solar cells, to the rare earth content of geological materials. A somewhat 'typical' layout for a X-ray fluorescence...
Identification of Nucleotides with Identical Fluorescent Labels Based on Fluorescence
Myrick, Michael Lenn
Identification of Nucleotides with Identical Fluorescent Labels Based on Fluorescence Polarization for discriminating among the four DNA nucleotides la- beled identically with tetramethylrhodamine is described and demonstrated. Labeled nucleotides were dissolved in buffered surfactant solutions. In room temperature 4.5 m
Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence for Materials Assay
Quiter, Brian
clandestine material with nuclear resonance fluorescence�.E. Norman, UC Berkeley Dept. of Nuclear Engineering, privatepp. 349. G. Warren et al. �Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence of
LED Record Efficacy and Brightness
Broader source: Energy.gov [DOE]
Designed for general lighting applications such as street, industrial, and parking garage lighting, the Cree XLamp� power LED sets new records for LED brightness and efficacy, up to 85 lm/W at 350 mA. The XLamp utilizes Cree's performance breakthrough EZBright� LED chip; both products include technology that was developed in part with R&D funding support from DOE.
GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN The green revolution
Stearns, Tim
GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN The green revolution Green fluorescent protein allows gene expression a fluorescent product when expressed. Just such a molecule, green fluorescent protein (GFP), has recently green light when disturbed (often seen when riding in a boat at night). In Aequorea, the green
Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence for Nuclear Materials Assay
Quiter, Brian Joseph
Potential of Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence . . . . . . . .2.9.1 Nuclear ThomsonSections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nuclear Resonance
Luminous Efficacy Standards for General Purpose Lights
Broader source: Energy.gov [DOE]
Assembly Bill 178, adopted in June 2007, established efficacy* standards for general purpose lights sold in the state of Nevada. The bill set the required efficacy at 25 lumens per watt (lm/W) of...
Radioactivity-Synchronized Fluorescence Enhancement Using a Radionuclide Fluorescence-Quenched Dye
Larson-Prior, Linda
Radioactivity-Synchronized Fluorescence Enhancement Using a Radionuclide Fluorescence-Quenched Dye that demonstrates the feasibility of altering the fluorescence properties of an organic dye as a function effect on the dye fluorescence. Correlation of the radionuclide decay with the dye fluorescence
A spreadsheet for analyzing the in situ performance of fluorescent luminaires
Rubinstein, F.; Zhang, Chin.
A spreadsheet program for determining system efficacy, power input and light output of common 4 ft fluorescent lighting systems under realistic operating conditions is described. The program uses accepted IES engineering principles to precisely account for ballast factor, existing thermal conditions and maintenance practices. The spreadsheet, which includes a data base of lamp and ballast performance data, can be used to calculate the cost-effectiveness of many common lighting retrofits.
Fluorescent Lighting | Department of Energy
Office of Environmental Management (EM)
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul(Summary) "of Energy Power.pdf Flash2006-14.pdfattachment.pdf6.pdf5.pdfFluorescent Lighting Fluorescent Lighting
Covered Product Category: Fluorescent Ballasts
Broader source: Energy.gov [DOE]
FEMP provides acquisition guidance and Federal efficiency requirements across a variety of product categories, including fluorescent ballasts, which are a FEMP-designated product category. Federal laws and requirements mandate that agencies meet these efficiency requirements in all procurement and acquisition actions that are not specifically exempted by law.
Covered Product Category: Fluorescent Luminaires
Broader source: Energy.gov [DOE]
FEMP provides acquisition guidance and Federal efficiency requirements across a variety of product categories, including fluorescent luminaires. Federal laws and requirements mandate that agencies meet these efficiency requirements in all procurement and acquisition actions that are not specifically exempted by law.
Capacitive sensing with a fluorescent lamp
Cooley, John Jacob
This work presents a modified fluorescent lamp that can be used as a capacitive sensing system. The lamp sensor measures changes in the electric fields emitted from the fluorescent bulbs in order to deduce the presence and ...
Chromosome characterization using single fluorescent dye
Crissman, Harry A. (Los Alamos, NM); Hirons, Gregory T. (Irvine, CA)
Chromosomes are characterized by fluorescent emissions from a single fluorescent dye that is excited over two different wavelengths. A mixture containing chromosomes is stained with a single dye selected from the group consisting of TOTO and YOYO and the stained chromosomes are placed in a flow cytometer. The fluorescent dye is excited sequentially by a first light having a wavelength in the ultraviolet range to excite the TOTO or YOYO to fluoresce at a first intensity and by a second light having a wavelength effective to excite the TOTO or YOYO dye to fluoresce at a second intensity. Specific chromosomes may be identified and sorted by intensity relationships between the first and second fluorescence emissions.
Saccharide sensing molecules having enhanced fluorescent properties
Satcher Jr., Joe H.; Lane, Stephen M.; Darrow, Christopher B.; Cary, Douglas R.; Tran, Joe Anh
The present invention provides formulae for fluorescent compounds that have a number of properties which make them uniquely suited for use in sensors of analytes such as saccharides. The advantageous fluorescent properties include favorable excitation wavelengths, emission wavelengths, fluorescence lifetimes, and photostability. Additional advantageous properties include enhanced aqueous solubility, as well as temperature and pH sensitivity. The compound comprises an aryl or a substituted phenyl botonic acid that acts as a substrate recognition component, a fluorescence switch component, and a fluorophore. Fluorescent compounds are described that are excited at wavelengths greater than 400 nm and emit at wavelengths greater than 450 nm, which is advantageous for optical transmission through skin. The fluorophore is typically selected from transition metal-ligand complexes and thiazine, oxazine, oxazone, or oxazine-one as well as anthracene compounds. The fluorescent compound can be immobilized in a glucose permeable biocompatible polymer matrix that is implantable below the skin.
Scanning fluorescent microthermal imaging apparatus and method
Barton, D.L.; Tangyunyong, P.
A scanning fluorescent microthermal imaging (FMI) apparatus and method is disclosed, useful for integrated circuit (IC) failure analysis, that uses a scanned and focused beam from a laser to excite a thin fluorescent film disposed over the surface of the IC. By collecting fluorescent radiation from the film, and performing point-by-point data collection with a single-point photodetector, a thermal map of the IC is formed to measure any localized heating associated with defects in the IC. 1 fig.
Scanning fluorescent microthermal imaging apparatus and method
Barton, Daniel L. (Albuquerque, NM); Tangyunyong, Paiboon (Albuquerque, NM)
A scanning fluorescent microthermal imaging (FMI) apparatus and method is disclosed, useful for integrated circuit (IC) failure analysis, that uses a scanned and focused beam from a laser to excite a thin fluorescent film disposed over the surface of the IC. By collecting fluorescent radiation from the film, and performing point-by-point data collection with a single-point photodetector, a thermal map of the IC is formed to measure any localized heating associated with defects in the IC.
Portable spotter for fluorescent contaminants on surfaces
Schuresko, Daniel D. (Oak Ridge, TN)
A portable fluorescence-based spotter for polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon contamination on personnel and work area surfaces under ambient lighting conditions is provided. This instrument employs beam modulation and phase sensitive detection for discriminating between fluorescence from organic materials from reflected background light and inorganic fluorescent material. The device uses excitation and emission filters to provide differentiation between classes of aromatic organic compounds. Certain inorganic fluorescent materials, including heavy metal compounds, may also be distinguished from the organic compounds, despite both having similar optical properties.
LED Replacements for Linear Fluorescent Lamps Webcast
Broader source: Energy.gov [DOE]
In this June 20, 2011 webcast on LED products marketed as replacements for linear fluorescent lamps, Jason Tuenge of the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) discussed current Lighting...
Max Tech and Beyond: Fluorescent Lamps
Scholand, Michael
Fluorescent Lamps and Incandescent Reflector Lamps; Finalmany end- use applications. Incandescent Outdoor Stationaryof color compared with the incandescent reference source is
Covered Product Category: Compact Fluorescent Lamps
Broader source: Energy.gov [DOE]
FEMP provides acquisition guidance across a variety of product categories, including compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs), which are an ENERGY STAR-qualified product category.
Energy-efficient compact screw-in fluorescent lamp. Final report
Morton, E.W.
A compact fluorescent lamp has been designed and constructed which can replace an incandescent lamp. The lamp is slightly larger than a standard lamp (8 3/4 in. x 3 1/4 in.), but is designed to fit a majority of portable lamp applications. This version, with a core-coil ballast, results in a system efficacy of 54 lumens per watt, with a light output of more than 1800 lumens. This compares favorably with a 100-watt incandescent (17.5 lumens per watt and 1750 lumens light output). The color temperature of 3000/sup 0/K is compatible with an incandescent lamp (2800/sup 0/K). The color rendition index (CRI) is 84. With a solid-state ballast, the efficacy and light output could be increased by 20% (65 l/w, 2200 lumens) and could provide a direct replacement for a three-way, 150-watt incandescent lamp (15 l/w, 2200 lumens).
Guide to Red Fluorescent Proteins and Biosensors for Flow Cytometry
Verkhusha, Vladislav V.
CHAPTER 17 Guide to Red Fluorescent Proteins and Biosensors for Flow Cytometry Kiryl D. PiatkevichH Stability of Fluorescence F. Optimization of Nucleotide and Amino Acid Sequences III. Modern Advanced Red-Shifted FPs A. Orange Fluorescent Proteins B. Red Fluorescent Proteins C. Far-Red Fluorescent Proteins IV
A novel fluorescence detection method for organosilanes
Yang, H.X.; Craw, M.T.; Depew, M.C.; Wan, J.K.S. (Queen's Univ., Kingston, Ontario (Canada))
Quinones such as phenanthraquinone and anthraquinone react with organosilanes giving persistent, strongly fluorescent radicals. The reactions are photochemically initiated, rapid, and facile; detection of concentrations of silanes in the 10{sup {minus}7} M range are readily achieved. The staring materials do not fluorescence making the procedure simple, selective and specific.
Applications of Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence
Warren, Glen A.; Detwiler, Rebecca S.; Peplowski, Patrick N.
Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence (NRF) has the potential of addressing a wide variety of applications, which require isotopic and/or elemental information about a sample. We have investigated a variety of non-proliferation applications that may be addressed by NRF. From these applications, we have selected two, measuring uranium enrichment in UF6 cylinders and material verification in dismantlement, to investigate in more detail. Analytical models have been developed to evaluate these applications, and test measurements have been conducted to validate those models. We found that it is unlikely with current technology to address the requirements for UF6 cylinder enrichment measurements. In contrast, NRF is a very promising approach for material verification for dismantlement.
Excitation-emission spectra and fluorescence quantum yields for...
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
Excitation-emission spectra and fluorescence quantum yields for fresh and aged biogenic secondary organic aerosols. Excitation-emission spectra and fluorescence quantum yields for...
Hard X-ray Fluorescence Measurements of Heteroepitaxial Solid...
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
Hard X-ray Fluorescence Measurements of Heteroepitaxial Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Cathode Materials. Hard X-ray Fluorescence Measurements of Heteroepitaxial Solid Oxide Fuel Cell...
Performance of T12 and T8 Fluorescent Lamps and Troffers and LED Linear Replacement Lamps CALiPER Benchmark Report
Myer, Michael; Paget, Maria L.; Lingard, Robert D.
The Department of Energy (DOE) Commercially Available LED Product Evaluation and Reporting (CALiPER) Program was established in 2006 to investigate the performance of light-emitting diode (LED) based luminaires and replacement lamps. To help users better compare LED products with conventional lighting technologies, CALiPER has also performed benchmark research and testing of traditional (i.e., non-LED) lamps and fixtures. This benchmark report addresses standard 4-foot fluorescent lamps (i.e., T12 and T8) and the 2-foot by 4-foot recessed troffers in which they are commonly used. This report also examines available LED replacements for T12 and T8 fluorescent lamps, and their application in fluorescent troffers. The construction and operation of linear fluorescent lamps and troffers are discussed, as well as fluorescent lamp and fixture performance, based on manufacturer data and CALiPER benchmark testing. In addition, the report describes LED replacements for linear fluorescent lamps, and compares their bare lamp and in situ performance with fluorescent benchmarks on a range of standard lighting measures, including power usage, light output and distribution, efficacy, correlated color temperature, and the color rendering index. Potential performance and application issues indicated by CALiPER testing results are also examined.
Hiding patterns with daylight fluorescent inks
Romain Rossier; Roger D. Hersch; School Of Computer; Communication Sciences; Ecole Polytechnique; F�d�rale Lausanne
We propose a method for hiding patterns within printed images by making use of classical and of two daylight fluorescent magenta and yellow inks. Under the D65 illuminant we establish in the CIELAB space the gamut of a classical cmyk printer and the gamut of the same printer using a combination of classical inks with daylight fluorescent inks. These gamuts show that a significant part of the classical ink gamut can be reproduced by combining classical inks with daylight fluorescent inks. By printing parts of images with a combination of classical and daylight fluorescent inks instead of using classical inks only, we can hide security patterns within printed images. Under normal daylight, we do not see any difference between the parts printed with classical inks only and the parts printed with daylight fluorescent inks and classical inks. By changing the illumination, e.g. by viewing the printed image under a tungsten lamp or under a UV lamp, the daylight fluorescent inks change their colors and reveal the security pattern formed by combinations of classical inks and of daylight fluorescent inks.
Glucose sensing molecules having selected fluorescent properties
Satcher Jr., Joe H.; Lane, Stephen M.; Darrow, Christopher B.; Cary, Douglas R.; Tran, Joe Anh
An analyte sensing fluorescent molecule that employs intramolecular electron transfer is designed to exhibit selected fluorescent properties in the presence of analytes such as saccharides. The selected fluorescent properties include excitation wavelength, emission wavelength, fluorescence lifetime, quantum yield, photostability, solubility, and temperature or pH sensitivity. The compound comprises an aryl or a substituted phenyl boronic acid that acts as a substrate recognition component, a fluorescence switch component, and a fluorophore. The fluorophore and switch component are selected such that the value of the free energy for electron transfer is less than about 3.0 kcal mol.sup.-1. Fluorescent compounds are described that are excited at wavelengths greater than 400 nm and emit at wavelengths greater than 450 nm, which is advantageous for optical transmission through skin. The fluorophore is typically selected from transition metal-ligand complexes and thiazine, oxazine, oxazone, or oxazine-one as well as anthracene compounds. The fluorescent compound can be immobilized in a glucose permeable biocompatible polymer matrix that is implantable below the skin.
Epi-Fluorescence Inverted Microscope (Zeiss,
Subramanian, Venkat
Epi-Fluorescence Inverted Microscope (Zeiss, Observer Z1) April 2013 #12;Start Up cont. · Turn) #12;Using the Microscope cont. · On an inverted microscope samples on a glass slide are usually viewed
Probing the denatured state ensemble with fluorescence
Alston, Roy Willis
around the original tryptophan substitutions in RNase Sa. Regardless of the denaturant, ?max for the proteins and model compounds differed very little, 349.3 � 1.2 nm. However, significant differences were observed in the fluorescence intensity at ?max...
Multiplexed fluorescence detector system for capillary electrophoresis
Yeung, E.S.; Taylor, J.A.
A fluorescence detection system for capillary electrophoresis is provided wherein the detection system can simultaneously excite fluorescence and substantially simultaneously monitor separations in multiple capillaries. This multiplexing approach involves laser irradiation of a sample in a plurality of capillaries through optical fibers that are coupled individually with the capillaries. The array is imaged orthogonally through a microscope onto a charge-coupled device camera for signal analysis. 14 figures.
Multiplexed fluorescence detector system for capillary electrophoresis
Yeung, E.S.; Taylor, J.A.
A fluorescence detection system for capillary electrophoresis is provided wherein the detection system can simultaneously excite fluorescence and substantially simultaneously monitor separations in multiple capillaries. This multiplexing approach involves laser irradiation of a sample in a plurality of capillaries through optical fibers that are coupled individually with the capillaries. The array is imaged orthogonally through a microscope onto a charge-coupled device camera for signal analysis. 14 figs.
Research Focus High-throughput screens for fluorescent dye discovery
Carpenter, Anne E.
Research Focus High-throughput screens for fluorescent dye discovery Vebjorn Ljosa and Anne E of a combinatorial library of fluorescent compounds discovered fluorescent dyes that were able to distinguish myoblasts from differentiated myotubes. New fluorescent dyes that respond to biologically relevant changes
Ultratrace analysis of transuranic actinides by laser-induced fluorescence
Miller, S.M.
Ultratrace quantities of transuranic actinides are detected indirectly by their effect on the fluorescent emissions of a preselected fluorescent species. Transuranic actinides in a sample are coprecipitated with a host lattice material containing at least one preselected fluorescent species. The actinide either quenches or enhances the laser-induced fluorescence of the preselected fluorescent species. The degree of enhancement or quenching is quantitatively related to the concentration of actinide in the sample.
Supercontinuum Stimulated Emission Depletion Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging
Lesoine, Michael; Bose, Sayantan; Petrich, Jacob; Smith, Emily
Supercontinuum (SC) stimulated emission depletion (STED) fluorescence lifetime imaging is demonstrated by using time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC) detection. The spatial resolution of the developed STED instrument was measured by imaging monodispersed 40-nm fluorescent beads and then determining their fwhm, and was 36 � 9 and 40 � 10 nm in the X and Y coordinates, respectively. The same beads measured by confocal microscopy were 450 � 50 and 430 � 30 nm, which is larger than the diffraction limit of light due to underfilling the microscope objective. Underfilling the objective and time gating the signal were necessary to achieve the stated STED spatial resolution. The same fluorescence lifetime (2.0 � 0.1 ns) was measured for the fluorescent beads by using confocal or STED lifetime imaging. The instrument has been applied to study Alexa Fluor 594-phalloidin labeled F-actin-rich projections with dimensions smaller than the diffraction limit of light in cultured cells. Fluorescence lifetimes of the actin-rich projections range from 2.2 to 2.9 ns as measured by STED lifetime imaging.
Fluorescence energy transfer enhancement in aluminum nanoapertures
de Torres, Juan; Moparthi, Satish Babu; Grigoriev, Victor; Wenger, J�rome
Zero-mode waveguides (ZMWs) are confining light into attoliter volumes, enabling single molecule fluorescence experiments at physiological micromolar concentrations. Among the fluorescence spectroscopy techniques that can be enhanced by ZMWs, F\\"{o}rster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is one of the most widely used in life sciences. Combining zero-mode waveguides with FRET provides new opportunities to investigate biochemical structures or follow interaction dynamics at micromolar concentration with single molecule resolution. However, prior to any quantitative FRET analysis on biological samples, it is crucial to establish first the influence of the ZMW on the FRET process. Here, we quantify the FRET rates and efficiencies between individual donor-acceptor fluorophore pairs diffusing in aluminum zero-mode waveguides. Aluminum ZMWs are important structures thanks to their commercial availability and the large literature describing their use for single molecule fluorescence spectroscopy. We also compare the ...
Thermally efficient compact fluorescent fixture systems
Siminovitch, M.J.; Rubinstein, F.M.; Packer, M.
Compact fluorescent lamps that can be inserted into conventional light fixtures are rapidly gaining acceptance as both a viable retrofit and new design approach to reducing lighting loads. Ideally, the compact fluorescent lamp should have the same light output as the incandescent lamp it replaces, but overheating inside typically small enclosed fixtures can reduce lumen output and hence lighting fixture efficiency by 15 to 20 percent. Fortunately, simple fixture modifications can erase this efficiency penalty, so that the full efficiency benefit of replacing incandescent lamps with fluorescent lamps can be realized. The paper describes such modifications and presents experimental data documenting the potential efficiency enhancement associated with thermal control systems. 4 refs., 7 figs.
Fluorescent labels and their use in separations
Mathies, Richard A. (El Cerrito, CA); Glazer, Alexander (Orinda, CA); Ju, Jingyue (Berkeley, CA)
Compositions are provided comprising sets of fluorescent labels carrying pairs of donor and acceptor dye molecules, designed for efficient excitation of the donors at a single wavelength and emission from the acceptor in each of the pairs at different wavelengths. The different molecules having different donor-acceptor pairs can be modified to have substantially the same mobility under separation conditions, by varying the distance between the donor and acceptor in a given pair. Particularly, the fluorescent compositions find use as labels in sequencing nucleic acids.
Ultrabright fluorescent OLEDS using triplet sinks
Zhang, Yifan; Forrest, Stephen R; Thompson, Mark
A first device is provided. The first device further comprises an organic light emitting device. The organic light emitting device further comprises an anode, a cathode, and an emissive layer disposed between the anode and the cathode. The emissive layer further comprises an organic host compound, an organic emitting compound capable of fluorescent emission at room temperature, and an organic dopant compound. The triplet energy of the dopant compound is lower than the triplet energy of the host compound. The dopant compound does not strongly absorb the fluorescent emission of the emitting compound.
Compact Fluorescent Plug-In Ballast-in-a-Socket
Rebecca Voelker
The primary goal of this program was to develop a ballast system for plug-in CFLs (compact fluorescent lamps) that will directly replace standard metal shell, medium base incandescent lampholders (such as Levition No. 6098) for use with portable lamp fixtures, such as floor, table and desk lamps. A secondary goal was to identify a plug-in CFL that is optimized for use with this ballast. This Plug-in CFL Ballastin-a-Socket system will allow fixture manufacturers to easily manufacture CFL-based high-efficacy portable fixtures that provide residential and commercial consumers with attractive, cost-effective, and energy-efficient fixtures for use wherever portable incandescent fixtures are used today. The advantages of this proposed system over existing CFL solutions are that the fixtures can only be used with high-efficacy CFLs, and they will be more attractive and will have lower life-cycle costs than screw-in or adapter-based CFL retrofit solutions. These features should greatly increase the penetration of CFL's into the North American market. Our work has shown that using integrated circuits it is quite feasible to produce a lamp-fixture ballast of a size comparable to the current Edison-screw 3-way incandescent fixtures. As for price points for BIAS-based fixtures, end-users polled by the Lighting Research Institute at RPI indicated that they would pay as much as an additional $10 for a lamp containing such a ballast. The ballast has been optimized to run with a 26 W amalgam triple biax lamp in the base-down position, yet can accept non-amalgam versions of the lamp. With a few part alterations, the ballast can be produced to support 32 W lamps as well. The ballast uses GE's existing L-Comp[1] power topology in the circuit so that the integrated circuit design would be a design that could possibly be used by other CFL and EFL products with minor modifications. This gives added value by reducing cost and size of not only the BIAS, but also possibly other integral CFL and future dimmable integral and plug-in versions of the EFL products.
ABSTRACT CODED SPECTROSCOPY FOR ETHANOL DETECTION IN DIFFUSE, FLUORESCENT MEDIA by Scott Thomas Mc FOR ETHANOL DETECTION IN DIFFUSE, FLUORESCENT MEDIA by Scott Thomas McCain Department of Electrical
Text-Alternative Version: LED Replacements for Linear Fluorescent Lamps
Broader source: Energy.gov [DOE]
Below is the text-alternative version of the "LED Replacements for Linear Fluorescent Lamps" webcast, held June 20, 2011.
Red fluorescent proteins: chromophore formation and cellular applications
Verkhusha, Vladislav V.
Red fluorescent proteins: chromophore formation and cellular applications Atsushi Miyawaki1,2 , Daria M Shcherbakova3,4 and Vladislav V Verkhusha3,4 In the last decade, a number of red fluorescent proteins (RFPs) that emit orange, red, and far-red fluorescence have been isolated from anthozoans (corals
OF PREILLUMINATION ON THE FLUORESCENCE TRANSIENT OF Chlorella pyrenoidosa JOHN C. MUNDAY, JR., and GOVINDJEE From Mexico 88330. ABSTRACT The fluorescence transient of Chlorella pyrenoidosa, excited by saturat- ing blue Chlorella pyrenoidosa the fluorescence transient exhibits a base level 0, a hump I at 50 msec. (at 1.5 X 104
LIGHT-INDUCED CHANGES IN THE FLUORESCENCE YIELD OF CHLOROPHYLL a IN VIVO II. CHLORELLA PYRENOIDOSA in Chlorella pyrenoidosa consists of a fast rise of the fluorescence yield from the level S (of the first wave photophosphorylation. INTRODUCTION The long-term fluorescence induction in Chlorella pyrenoidosa (second wave
Brief Communication 809 Photoactivation turns green fluorescent protein red
Elowitz, Michael
Brief Communication 809 Photoactivation turns green fluorescent protein red Michael B. Elowitz gene was first cloned, the Aequorea victoria green fluorescent protein (GFP) has become a powerful tool- wavelength (red) fluorescence has remained elusive. Here we describe a red-emitting, green
Alok Srivastava; Anant Setlur
This is the Final Report of the Next-Generation Energy Efficient Fluorescent Lighting Products program, Department of Energy (DOE). The overall goal of this three-year program was to develop novel phosphors to improve the color rendition and efficiency of compact and linear fluorescent lamps. The prime technical approach was the development of quantum-splitting phosphor (QSP) to further increase the efficiency of conventional linear fluorescent lamps and the development of new high color rendering phosphor blends for compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) as potential replacements for the energy-hungry and short-lived incandescent lamps in market segments that demand high color rendering light sources. We determined early in the project that the previously developed oxide QSP, SrAl{sub 12}O{sub 19}:Pr{sup 3+}, did not exhibit an quantum efficiency higher than unity under excitation by 185 nm radiation, and we therefore worked to determine the physical reasons for this observation. From our investigations we concluded that the achievement of quantum efficiency exceeding unity in SrAl{sub 12}O{sub 19}:Pr{sup 3+} was not possible due to interaction of the Pr{sup 3+} 5d level with the conduction band of the solid. The interaction which gives rise to an additional nonradiative decay path for the excitation energy is responsible for the low quantum efficiency of the phosphor. Our work has led to the development of a novel spectroscopic method for determining photoionzation threshold of luminescent centers in solids. This has resulted in further quantification of the requirements for host phosphor lattice materials to optimize quantum efficiency. Because of the low quantum efficiency of the QSP, we were unable to demonstrate a linear fluorescent lamp with overall performance exceeding that of existing mercury-based fluorescent lamps. Our work on the high color rendering CFLs has been very successful. We have demonstrated CFLs that satisfies the EnergyStar requirement with color rendering index (CRI) greater than 90; the CRI of current commercial CFLs are in the low 80s. In this report we summarize the technical work completed under the Program, summarize our findings about the performance limits of the various technologies we investigated, and outline promising paths for future work.
DOE Publishes Pricing and Efficacy Trend Analysis for Utility...
Broader source: Energy.gov (indexed) [DOE]
a new report, SSL Pricing and Efficacy Trend Analysis for Utility Program Planning. The report was created in response to requests from utilities and energy efficiency...
aom efficacy study: Topics by E-print Network
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variations in poor localities influence the capacity for community efficacy. Through a multivariate analysis using 497 households in poor localities of Addis Ababa, we...
Cost-Efficacy in Wetland Restoration Projects in Coastal Louisiana
ARTICLE Cost-Efficacy in Wetland Restoration Projects in Coastal Louisiana Joy Merino & Christiane, such as wetland loss, influence CWPPRA project selection for funding. We found that the program was selecting cost- effective projects overall. Cost efficacy varied significantly by restoration project type, with barrier
Compact fluorescent lamp applications in luxury hotels
Gilleskie, R.J.
Over the past several years, consumers, lighting designers, and energy conservationists have paid increasing attention to the special characteristics of compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs). CFLs can typically be used to replace incandescent lamps of three to four times their own wattage, and their color rendering indices (CRIs)-80 to 85-make them virtually indistinguishable from incandescents. The typical 10,0000-hour life of a CFL often makes savings in labor its most desirable feature when compared to a shorter-lived incandescent lamp.
Fluorescent Lamp Ballasts | Department of Energy
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Delicious Rank EERE:YearRound-UpHeat PumpRecordFederal7.pdfFlash_2010_-24.pdfOverview Flow Cells forFluorescent Lamp
Solid state laser media driven by remote nuclear powered fluorescence
Prelas, Mark A. (Columbia, MO)
An apparatus is provided for driving a solid state laser by a nuclear powered fluorescence source which is located remote from the fluorescence source. A nuclear reaction produced in a reaction chamber generates fluorescence or photons. The photons are collected from the chamber into a waveguide, such as a fiber optic waveguide. The waveguide transports the photons to the remote laser for exciting the laser.
Optical Nanofibers for Manipulating and Probing Single-Atom Fluorescence
K. P. Nayak; P. N. Melentiev; M. Morinaga; Fam Le Kien; V. I. Balykin; K. Hakuta
We demonstrate how optical nanofibers can be used to manipulate and probe single-atom fluorescence. We show that fluorescence photons from a very small number of atoms, average atom number of less than 0.1, around the nanofiber can readily be observed through single-mode optical fiber under resonant laser irradiation. We show also that optical nanofibers enable us to probe the van der Waals interaction between atoms and surface with high precision by observing the fluorescence excitation spectrum.
Optical Nanofibers for Manipulating and Probing Single-Atom Fluorescence
Nayak, K P; Morinaga, M; Le Kien, F; Balykin, V I; Hakuta, K; Kien, Fam Le
We demonstrate how optical nanofibers can be used to manipulate and probe single-atom fluorescence. We show that fluorescence photons from a very small number of atoms, average atom number of less than 0.1, around the nanofiber can readily be observed through single-mode optical fiber under resonant laser irradiation. We show also that optical nanofibers enable us to probe the van der Waals interaction between atoms and surface with high precision by observing the fluorescence excitation spectrum.
Using fluorescence lifetime for discriminating detector afterpulsing in fluorescence-correlation spectroscopy
Enderlein, Jörg
ACF , i.e., the second- order correlation function of the fluorescence intensity sig- nal. The physical meaning of the ACF is that it is propor- tional to the probability to detect, on average, a photon- nique, although the analysis does not explicitly identify single molecule detection events. On different
Super-Resolution Fluorescence Nanoscopy Applied to Image Core...
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state of the photoswitching dyes do not absorb at wavelength of the fluorescence excitation. As a result, almost all the interfering fluorophores can be photobleached by the...
Time-resolved fluorescence decay measurements for flowing particles
Deka, Chiranjit (Miami, FL); Steinkamp, John A. (Los Alamos, NM)
Time-resolved fluorescence decay measurements for flowing particles. An apparatus and method for the measurement and analysis of fluorescence for individual cells and particles in flow are described, wherein the rapid measurement capabilities of flow cytometry and the robust measurement and analysis procedures of time-domain fluorescence lifetime spectroscopy are combined. A pulse-modulated cw laser is employed for excitation of the particles. The characteristics and the repetition rate of the excitation pulses can be readily adjusted to accommodate for fluorescence decays having a wide range of lifetimes.
Time-resolved fluorescence decay measurements for flowing particles
Deka, C.; Steinkamp, J.A.
Time-resolved fluorescence decay measurements are disclosed for flowing particles. An apparatus and method for the measurement and analysis of fluorescence for individual cells and particles in flow are described, wherein the rapid measurement capabilities of flow cytometry and the robust measurement and analysis procedures of time-domain fluorescence lifetime spectroscopy are combined. A pulse-modulated CW laser is employed for excitation of the particles. The characteristics and the repetition rate of the excitation pulses can be readily adjusted to accommodate for fluorescence decays having a wide range of lifetimes. 12 figs.
Fluorescent Multiblock ?-Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles for In Vivo Tumor Targeting
Ahmed, Eilaf
Highly fluorescent multiblock conjugated polymer nanoparticles with folic acid surface ligands are highly effective for bioimaging and in vivo tumor targeting. The targeted nanoparticles were preferentially localized in ...
Fluorescent Pigments for High-Performance Cool Roofing and Facades...
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
3 Berkeley Lab Heat Island Group physicist Paul Berdahl inserts precursor solution into a furnace. After boiling and then combustion, a fluorescent red pigment is formed. Image:...
aequorea green fluorescent: Topics by E-print Network
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plants. Jim Haseloff Biology and Medicine Websites Summary: light, and an accessory green fluorescent protein (GFP), which accepts energy from aequorin and reImaging green...
Modeling of highly loaded fluorescent lamps
Lister, G.G.; Lawler, J.E.; Curry, J.J.
Numerical modeling of the positive column of fluorescent lamps under conditions of high current density are of current interest, particularly in view of recent developments in electrodeless lamps. Current models tend to overestimate radiation output, and consequently the maintenance electric field in these discharges. Under highly loaded conditions, mercury-rare gas fluorescent lamps exhibit strong mercury depletion on axis (cataphoresis), and an understanding of resonance radiation transport under these conditions is therefore vital to the development of models with a predictive capability. The authors have explored the effect of radial cataphoresis on resonance radiation trapping for situations in which the radiation transport is dominated by foreign gas broadening, Doppler broadening, or resonance collisional broadening of the spectral line. Several different production rates per unit volume of resonance (excited) atoms have also been studied. It is advantageous in many cases to parameterize the trapped decay rate in terms of the total number of ground state atoms in the positive column independent of their radial distribution. The results of this work have been included in a numerical model of the positive column and the predicted influence on discharge parameters will be presented for cases of interest to highly loaded lamps.
Perceptions of compact fluorescent lamps in the residential market
Weiner, J.; Campbell, C.J. (Macro Consulting, Inc., Mountain View, CA (United States))
Compact fluorescent lamps offer significant energy savings over other forms of residential lighting and last up to 10 times longer than conventional incandescent bulbs. In order to better understand existing barriers to acceptance and future opportunities for growth of compact fluorescent lighting in the residential retrofit sector, a three stage research project was designed and conducted by MACRO Consulting, Inc. Assessment of whether or not the benefits of compact fluorescent lamps are sufficient to overcome price resistance was one of the major purposes of this project. Residential customers were interviewed in focus group sessions to help determine key issues and motivating forces in the lighting/energy saving/cost saving equation. Residential customers in 5 major market areas were contacted by telephone, and data about their awareness, knowledge and use of compact fluorescent lighting were collected. These customers also participated in an attribute rating exercise in which compact fluorescent lamps were compared with fluorescent tubes and incandescent bulbs on a series of product attributes. A price elasticity exercise was also conducted. Teleconferences with retailers of compact fluorescent lamps were conducted in order to explore their knowledge of and attitudes towards compact fluorescent lamps. Customers agree that energy savings and longer life are both positive attributes for residential lighting products, but they are not yet ready to make the switch away from inexpensive, versatile and readily available incandescent bulbs to compact fluorescent lamps. Compact fluorescent lamps are rated poorly (even by satisfied'' users) on each of seven positive attributes of home lighting. Major barriers to increased use of compact fluorescent lamps include price, convenience, and performance. Prices above $10 are considered outrageous''. Product improvements are needed for appearance, light output and versatility.
Microneedle delivery for improved efficacy of antiretroviral and antibiotic drugs
Stauber, Zachary Jason
Two classes of drugs, antiretrovirals and antibiotics, could benefit greatly from delivery through microneedles. Microneedles (MN) offer an increase in efficacy for these drugs by providing delivery to the lymphatic system ...
Efficacy of 45 lm/W Achieved in White OLED
Broader source: Energy.gov [DOE]
Universal Display Corporation (UDC) successfully demonstrated an all phosphorescent white organic light emitting diode (WOLED�) with a power efficacy of 45 lm/W at 1,000 cd/m2. This high-efficacy device was enabled by lowering the device operating voltage, increasing the outcoupling efficiency to ~40% from ~20%, and by incorporating highly efficient phosphorescent emitters that are capable of converting nearly all current passing through a WOLED into light.
Improved ``Optical Highlighter'' Probes Derived from Discosoma Red Fluorescent Protein
Marchant, Jonathan
, Minneapolis, Minnesota ABSTRACT The tetrameric red fluorescent protein, DsRed, undergoes a rapid red to green-emitting species of DsRed and an enhancement of emission from the ``immature'' green species, likely caused by dequenching of fluorescence resonance energy transfer occurring within the protein tetramer. Here, we have
A monomeric red fluorescent protein Robert E. Campbell*, Oded Tour*
Tsien, Roger Y.
A monomeric red fluorescent protein Robert E. Campbell*, Oded Tour* , Amy E. Palmer*, Paul A, and the obligate tetramerization of the red fluorescent protein from Discosoma (DsRed). Although the weak, the obligate tet- ramerization of DsRed has greatly hindered its use as a genetically encoded fusion tag. We
Gregorio Weber International Prize in Biological Fluorescence 2008
Weber, David J.
Gregorio Weber International Prize in Biological Fluorescence 2008 The Gregorio Weber International Prize in Biological Fluorescence (Weber Prize) is awarded for research related to a doctoral (or finalists. Weber Prizes were awarded in 2002 and 2005. The third Weber Prize will be awarded in 2008
Fluorescent Sensors for Zn2+ Based on a Fluorescein Platform
Tsien, Roger Y.
Fluorescent Sensors for Zn2+ Based on a Fluorescein Platform: Synthesis, Properties fluorescent sensors for Zn2+ that utilize fluorescein as a reporting group, Zinpyr-1 and Zinpyr-2, have been. Both Zinpyr sensors have excitation and emission wavelengths in the visible range (500 nm
Development and Application of Fluorescent SDF-1 Derivatives Ryo Masuda,
Takada, Shoji
#12;1 Development and Application of Fluorescent SDF-1 Derivatives Ryo Masuda, Shinya Oishi of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryocho, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan. #12;2 Abstract Background: SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling, structure-activity relationship analyses of fluorescent SDF-1 derivatives were carried out. Results: Several
Multicontrast photoacoustic in vivo imaging using near-infrared fluorescent
Verkhusha, Vladislav V.
Multicontrast photoacoustic in vivo imaging using near-infrared fluorescent proteins Arie Krumholz1 the application of two spectrally distinct near-infrared fluorescent proteins, iRFP670 and iRFP720, engineered-tissue PAT, probes absorbing in the near-infrared (NIR) spectral range are desirable. In the NIR optical
Full-wavelet approach for fluorescence diffuse optical tomography
Boyer, Edmond
Full-wavelet approach for fluorescence diffuse optical tomography with structured illumination Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milan, Italy 3 Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London); published October 28, 2010 We present a fast reconstruction method for fluorescence optical tomography
Application of Quantitative Fluorescence and Absorption-Edge
Sparks, Donald L.
Application of Quantitative Fluorescence and Absorption-Edge Computed Microtomography to Image, Chicago, Illinois 60637 This paper shows that synchrotron-based fluorescence and absorption-edge computed, which had a well-correlated metal coating. Absorption-edge CMT showed the three-dimensional distribution
Fluorescence in nonlocal dissipative periodic structures
Francesco Intravaia; Kurt Busch
We present an approach for the description of fluorescence from optically active material embedded in layered periodic structures. Based on an exact electromagnetic Green's tensor analysis, we determine the radiative properties of emitters such as the local photonic density of states, Lamb shifts, line widths etc. for a finite or infinite sequence of thin alternating plasmonic and dielectric layers. In the effective medium limit, these systems may exhibit hyperbolic dispersion relations so that the large wave-vector characteristics of all constituents and processes become relevant. These include the finite thickness of the layers, the nonlocal properties of the constituent metals, and local-field corrections associated with an emitter's dielectric environment. In particular, we show that the corresponding effects are non-additive and lead to considerable modifications of an emitter's luminescence properties.
Circular dichroism and fluorescence polarization anisotropy are important tools for characterizing biomolecular systems. Both are used extensively in kinetic experiments involving stopped- or continuous flow systems as well as titrations and steady-state spectroscopy. This paper presents the theory for determining circular dichroism and fluorescence polarization anisotropy simultaneously, thus insuring the two parameters are recorded under exactly the same conditions and at exactly the same time in kinetic experiments. The approach to measuring circular dichroism is that used in almost all conventional dichrographs. Two arrangements for measuring fluorescence polarization anisotropy are described. One uses a single fluorescence detector and signal processing with a lock-in amplifier that is similar to the measurement of circular dichroism. The second approach uses classic ''T'' format detection optics, and thus can be used with conventional photon-counting detection electronics. Simple extensions permit the simultaneous measurement of the absorption and excitation intensity corrected fluorescence intensity.
Mercury Lamps Recycling Fluorescent light-tubes, compact fluorescent bulbs, mercury and sodium vapor lamps, ultraviolet and
Baker, Chris I.
Mercury Lamps Recycling Fluorescent light-tubes, compact fluorescent bulbs, mercury and sodium vapor lamps, ultraviolet and HID (high-intensity discharge) lamps and all other mercury containing labeled for shipment to a recycling plant for mercury, glass and aluminum recovery. The beneficial re
Air Fluorescence Relevant for Cosmic-Ray Detection - Summary of the 5th Fluorescence Workshop, El Escorial 2007
Fernando Arqueros; Joerg R. Hoerandel; Bianca Keilhauer
High-energy cosmic rays with energies exceeding $10^{17}$ eV are frequently observed by measurements of the fluorescence light induced by air showers. A major contribution to the systematic uncertainties of the absolute energy scale of such experiments is the insufficient knowledge of the fluorescence light yield of electrons in air. The aim of the 5th Fluorescence Workshop was to bring together experimental and theoretical expertise to discuss the latest progress on the investigations of the fluorescence light yield. The results of the workshop will be reviewed as well as the present status of knowledge in this field. Emphasis is given to the fluorescence light yield important for air shower observations and its dependence on atmospheric parameters, like pressure, temperature, and humidity. The effects of the latest results on the light observed from air showers will be discussed.
X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) Analysis of Obsidian Artifacts from Shoofly Ruin, Central Arizona
Shackley, M. Steven
X-RAY FLUORESCENCE (XRF) ANALYSIS OF OBSIDIAN ARTIFACTS FROM62:426-437. SOUTHWEST XRF PAPER Table 1. X-ray fluorescence
A Red Cy3-Based Biarsenical Fluorescent Probe Targeted to a Complement...
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Red Cy3-Based Biarsenical Fluorescent Probe Targeted to a Complementary Binding Peptide. A Red Cy3-Based Biarsenical Fluorescent Probe Targeted to a Complementary Binding Peptide....
E-Print Network 3.0 - angle fluorescence interference Sample...
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both the excitation and fluorescence detection bands of WIBS. Interference filters were avoided... A low-cost multi-channel aerosol fluorescence sensor for networked deployment...
E-Print Network 3.0 - albumin fluorescence study Sample Search...
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of tryptophan fluorescence decay in proteins using a subnanosecond 295 nm light-emitting diode Summary: . Fluorescence decay and anisotropy decay measurements of human serum...
E-Print Network 3.0 - activated delayed fluorescence Sample Search...
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69 Rapid Communication Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Analysis of Summary: Rapid Communication Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Analysis of Cell Surface Receptor......
Sustainable LED Fluorescent Light Replacement Technology
Ilumisys and the National Center for Manufacturing Sciences (NCMS) partnered on a three-year project awarded by the United States (U.S.) Department of Energy (DOE), to quantify the impacts of LED lamps, incandescent lamps and fluorescent benchmark lamps over a product lifecycle � i.e. to develop a sustainable design and manufacturing strategy that addresses product manufacturing, use, recycling and disposal scenarios for LED-based lighting. Based on the knowledge gained from extensive product tear-down studies of fluorescent and screw-in lighting products, lifecycle assessment tools, and accelerated lifecycle testing protocols, an interactive Sustainable LED Design Guide has been developed to aid architectural and lighting designers and engineers in making design decisions that consider three important environmental impacts (greenhouse gas emissions, energy use and mercury emission) across all phases of the life of an LED lighting product. Critical information developed for the lifecycle analysis and product feature comparisons is the useful life of the lighting product as well as its performance. The Design Guide is available at www.ncms.org, and was developed based on operational and durability testing of a variety of lighting products including power consumption, light output, and useful life of a lamp in order to allow a more realistic comparison of lamp designs. This report describes the main project tasks, results and innovative features of the lifecycle assessment (LCA)-based design tools, and the key considerations driving the sustainable design of LED lighting systems. The Design Guide incorporates the following three novel features for efficiently evaluating LED lighting features in value-chains: � Bill-of-Materials (BOM) Builder � Designers may import process data for each component and supply functional data for the product, including power, consumption, lumen output and expected useful life. � Environmental Impact Review � Designs are comparable across lifecycle phases, subsystems, and environmental impact category, and can be normalized to a userdefined functional unit. � Drill-down Review � These provide an indepth look at individual lamp designs with the ability to review across subsystem or lifecycle phase.
Fluorescent lamp unit with magnetic field generating means
Grossman, M.W.; George, W.A.
A fluorescent lamp unit having a magnetic field generating means for improving the performance of the fluorescent lamp is disclosed. In a preferred embodiment the fluorescent lamp comprises four longitudinally extending leg portions disposed in substantially quadrangular columnar array and joined by three generally U-shaped portions disposed in different planes. In another embodiment of the invention the magnetic field generating means comprises a plurality of permanent magnets secured together to form a single columnar structure disposed within a centrally located region defined by the shape of lamp envelope. 4 figs.
Integrated ultrasonic particle positioning and low excitation light fluorescence imaging
Bernassau, A. L.; Al-Rawhani, M.; Beeley, J.; Cumming, D. R. S. [School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8LT (United Kingdom)] [School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8LT (United Kingdom)
A compact hybrid system has been developed to position and detect fluorescent micro-particles by combining a Single Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD) imager with an acoustic manipulator. The detector comprises a SPAD array, light-emitting diode (LED), lenses, and optical filters. The acoustic device is formed of multiple transducers surrounding an octagonal cavity. By stimulating pairs of transducers simultaneously, an acoustic landscape is created causing fluorescent micro-particles to agglomerate into lines. The fluorescent pattern is excited by a low power LED and detected by the SPAD imager. Our technique combines particle manipulation and visualization in a compact, low power, portable setup.
Campbell, John H.
Dec. 1953. "Hi-Volt-Cycle Lighting ~ Launched i n a Hi-Wide2, F e b r u a r y , 19 53. "Lighting Your Plant with Highg h Frequency Fluorescent Lighting John H. Campbell December
REDUCING INCIDENTAL FLUORESCENCE IN LIVE CELL IMAGING A. Altinok 1
California at Santa Barbara, University of
, the technique is based on staining bio molecules selectively with proteins carrying fluorescence dyes of known. For instance, length measurements in Fig.1 would lack accuracy since the ends of the objects are blurry within
a in system II, the system which sensitizes the oxygen-evolving reaction (7-14). The factor controlling fluorescence intensity is the redox state of Q, the electron acceptor in the system It reaction center (9). Fig
Calibration of fluorescence resonance energy transfer in microscopy
Youvan, Dougalas C.; Silva, Christopher M.; Bylina, Edward J.; Coleman, William J.; Dilworth, Michael R.; Yang, Mary M.
Imaging hardware, software, calibrants, and methods are provided to visualize and quantitate the amount of Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) occurring between donor and acceptor molecules in epifluorescence microscopy. The MicroFRET system compensates for overlap among donor, acceptor, and FRET spectra using well characterized fluorescent beads as standards in conjunction with radiometrically calibrated image processing techniques. The MicroFRET system also provides precisely machined epifluorescence cubes to maintain proper image registration as the sample is illuminated at the donor and acceptor excitation wavelengths. Algorithms are described that pseudocolor the image to display pixels exhibiting radiometrically-corrected fluorescence emission from the donor (blue), the acceptor (green) and FRET (red). The method is demonstrated on samples exhibiting FRET between genetically engineered derivatives of the Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) bound to the surface of Ni chelating beads by histidine-tags.
Exploring the mechanome with optical tweezers and single molecule fluorescence
Brau, Ricardo R. (Ricardo Rafael), 1979-
The combination of optical tweezers and single molecule fluorescence into an instrument capable of making combined, coincident measurements adds an observable dimension that allows for the examination of the localized ...
Protein subcellular localization assays using split fluorescent proteins
Waldo, Geoffrey S. (Santa Fe, NM); Cabantous, Stephanie (Los Alamos, NM)
The invention provides protein subcellular localization assays using split fluorescent protein systems. The assays are conducted in living cells, do not require fixation and washing steps inherent in existing immunostaining and related techniques, and permit rapid, non-invasive, direct visualization of protein localization in living cells. The split fluorescent protein systems used in the practice of the invention generally comprise two or more self-complementing fragments of a fluorescent protein, such as GFP, wherein one or more of the fragments correspond to one or more beta-strand microdomains and are used to "tag" proteins of interest, and a complementary "assay" fragment of the fluorescent protein. Either or both of the fragments may be functionalized with a subcellular targeting sequence enabling it to be expressed in or directed to a particular subcellular compartment (i.e., the nucleus).
Calibration of fluorescence resonance energy transfer in microscopy
Youvan, Douglas C. (San Jose, CA); Silva, Christopher M. (Sunnyvale, CA); Bylina, Edward J. (San Jose, CA); Coleman, William J. (Moutain View, CA); Dilworth, Michael R. (Santa Cruz, CA); Yang, Mary M. (San Jose, CA)
Imaging hardware, software, calibrants, and methods are provided to visualize and quantitate the amount of Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) occurring between donor and acceptor molecules in epifluorescence microscopy. The MicroFRET system compensates for overlap among donor, acceptor, and FRET spectra using well characterized fluorescent beads as standards in conjunction with radiometrically calibrated image processing techniques. The MicroFRET system also provides precisely machined epifluorescence cubes to maintain proper image registration as the sample is illuminated at the donor and acceptor excitation wavelengths. Algorithms are described that pseudocolor the image to display pixels exhibiting radiometrically-corrected fluorescence emission from the donor (blue), the acceptor (green) and FRET (red). The method is demonstrated on samples exhibiting FRET between genetically engineered derivatives of the Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) bound to the surface of Ni chelating beads by histidine-tags.
Rapid identification of bacteria using an umbelliferone fluorescent assay
Chamblin, Richard Thomas
RAPID IDENTIFICATION OF BACTERIA USING AN UMBELLIFERONE FLUORESCENT ASSAY A Thesis by RICHARD THOMAS CHAMBLIN, JR, Submitted to the Graduate College of' Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of MASTER... OF SCIENCE August 1983 Major Subject: Veterinary Microbiology RAPID IDENTIFICATION OF BACTERIA USING AN UMBELLIFERONE FLUORESCENT ASSAY A Thesis by RICHARD THOMAS CHAMBLIN, JR ~ Approved as to style and content by ( -Chairman of Committee) John M...
Development of laser excited atomic fluorescence and ionization methods
Winefordner, J.D.
Progress report: May 1, 1988 to December 31, 1991. The research supported by DE-FG05-88ER13881 during the past (nearly) 3 years can be divided into the following four categories: (1) theoretical considerations of the ultimate detection powers of laser fluorescence and laser ionization methods; (2) experimental evaluation of laser excited atomic fluorescence; (3) fundamental studies of atomic and molecular parameters in flames and plasmas; (4) other studies.
Application of fluorescence microscopy to coal-derived resid characterization
Rathbone, R.F.; Hower, J.C.; Derbyshire, F.J.
This study evaluates the usefulness of a fluorescence microscopy methodology to analyze coal-derived resids and interpret the data in the light of liquefaction processing conditions, process response, the inferred resid reactivity, and in relation to results of other analytical data. The fluorescence technique utilized has been widely applied to coal and kerogen characterization, albeit with some modifications, but is novel in its application to the characterization of coal liquids. Fluorescence is the emission of light energy which occurs when electrons, having been excited to a higher energy orbital, return to their lower energy ground state. The majority of organic molecules that fluoresce are those with conjugated double bonds (chromophores), such as aromatics, characterized by pi-electrons less strongly bound within the molecule than sigma electrons, that can be excited to anti-bonding pi-orbitals. Increasing the extent of pi-bond conjugation (i.e. larger molecular size) generally imparts a shift in absorption and emission spectra to longer wavelengths. Resid fluorescence largely depends on the concentration and degree of conjugation of aromatic chromophores in the high molecular weight liquids, possibly with ancillary effects from oxygen functionalities. In this context, fluorescence analysis of liquefaction resids can potentially evaluate process performance, since direct liquefaction processes endeavor to break down the macromolecular structure of coal, and reduce the molecular weight of polycondensed aromatics through hydrogenation, the opening of ring structures, and heteroatom removal.
Application of fluorescence microscopy to coal-derived resid characterization
Rathbone, R.F.; Hower, J.C.; Derbyshire, F.J.
This study evaluates the usefulness of a fluorescence microscopy methodology to analyze coal-derived resids and interpret the data in the light of liquefaction processing conditions, process response, the inferred resid reactivity, and in relation to results of other analytical data. The fluorescence technique utilized has been widely applied to coal and kerogen characterization, albeit with some modifications, but is novel in its application to the characterization of coal liquids. Fluorescence is the emission of light energy which occurs when electrons, having been excited to a higher energy orbital, return to their lower energy ground state. The majority of organic molecules that fluoresce are those with conjugated double bonds (chromophores), such as aromatics, characterized by pi-electrons less strongly bound within the molecule than sigma electrons, that can be excited to anti-bonding pi-orbitals. Increasing the extent of pi-bond conjugation (i.e. larger molecular size) generally imparts a shift in absorption and emission spectra to longer wavelengths. Resid fluorescence largely depends on the concentration and degree of conjugation of aromatic chromophores in the high molecular weight liquids, possibly with ancillary effects from oxygen functionalities. In this context, fluorescence analysis of liquefaction resids can potentially evaluate process performance, since direct liquefaction processes endeavor to break down the macromolecular structure of coal, and reduce the molecular weight of polycondensed aromatics through hydrogenation, the opening of ring structures, and heteroatom removal.
Development of rapid microbial methods for lysine quantification in feed ingredients based on green fluorescent protein fluorescence
Chalova-Zhekova, Vesela I.
fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Approved by: Chair of Committee, Steven C. Ricke Committee Members, Deborah Siegele Jean Gould Dorothy Shippen Chair of Molecular... on Green Fluorescent Protein Fluorescence. (December 2005) Vesela I. Chalova-Zhekova, Diplom., Higher Institute of Food and Flavor Industries Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Steven Ricke Lysine is one of the more limiting amino acids in protein...
Formalizing Concepts for Efficacy-aware Business Process Modeling
Ulm, Universität
Formalizing Concepts for Efficacy-aware Business Process Modeling Matthias Lohrmann and Manfred.lohrmann,email@example.com Abstract. In business process design, business objective models can ful- fill the role of formal business process management concepts yet. Moreover, process models are currently not sufficiently
The Hazards of Use and Disposal of Compact Fluorescent Bulbs Compact fluorescent lights (aka. CFLs) work by exciting a phosphorous coating within the tube to emit
Maroncelli, Mark
The Hazards of Use and Disposal of Compact Fluorescent Bulbs Compact fluorescent lights (aka. CFLs FLUORESCENT BULB? Because there is such a small amount of mercury in CFLs, the greatest hazard exposure the bulb to be an efficient light source. By comparison, older home thermometers contain 500 milligrams
Cyanine-based probe\\tag-peptide pair fluorescence protein imaging and fluorescence protein imaging methods
Mayer-Cumblidge, M. Uljana; Cao, Haishi
A molecular probe comprises two arsenic atoms and at least one cyanine based moiety. A method of producing a molecular probe includes providing a molecule having a first formula, treating the molecule with HgOAc, and subsequently transmetallizing with AsCl.sub.3. The As is liganded to ethanedithiol to produce a probe having a second formula. A method of labeling a peptide includes providing a peptide comprising a tag sequence and contacting the peptide with a biarsenical molecular probe. A complex is formed comprising the tag sequence and the molecular probe. A method of studying a peptide includes providing a mixture containing a peptide comprising a peptide tag sequence, adding a biarsenical probe to the mixture, and monitoring the fluorescence of the mixture.
Efficacy of polymeric encapsulated C5a peptidasebased group B streptococcus vaccines in a murine model
Salem, Aliasger K.
Efficacy of polymeric encapsulated C5a peptidasebased group B streptococcus vaccines in a murine the efficacy of vari- ous polymeric-encapsulated C5a peptidase vaccine formulations in eliciting a long al. Efficacy of polymeric encapsulated C5a peptidasebased group B streptococcus vaccines in a murine
Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence for Safeguards Applications
Ludewigt, Bernhard A; Quiter, Brian J; Ambers, Scott D
In nuclear resonance fluorescence (NRF) measurements, resonances are excited by an external photon beam leading to the emission of {gamma} rays with specific energies that are characteristic of the emitting isotope. The promise of NRF as a non-destructive analysis technique (NDA) in safeguards applications lies in its potential to directly quantify a specific isotope in an assay target without the need for unfolding the combined responses of several fissile isotopes as often required by other NDA methods. The use of NRF for detection of sensitive nuclear materials and other contraband has been researched in the past. In the safeguards applications considered here one has to go beyond mere detection and precisely quantify the isotopic content, a challenge that is discussed throughout this report. Basic NRF measurement methods, instrumentation, and the analytical calculation of NRF signal strengths are described in Section 2. Well understood modeling and simulation tools are needed for assessing the potential of NRF for safeguards and for designing measurement systems. All our simulations were performed with the radiation transport code MCNPX, a code that is widely used in the safeguards community. Our initial studies showed that MCNPX grossly underestimated the elastically scattered background at backwards angles due to an incorrect treatment of Rayleigh scattering. While new, corrected calculations based on ENDF form factors showed much better agreement with experimental data for the elastic scattering of photons on an uranium target, the elastic backscatter is still not rigorously treated. Photonuclear scattering processes (nuclear Thomson, Delbruck and Giant Dipole Resonance scattering), which are expected to play an important role at higher energies, are not yet included. These missing elastic scattering contributions were studied and their importance evaluated evaluated against data found in the literature as discussed in Section 3. A transmission experiment was performed in September 2009 to test and demonstrate the applicability of the method to the quantitative measurement of an isotope of interest embedded in a thick target. The experiment, data analysis, and results are described in Section 4. The broad goal of our NRF studies is to assess the potential of the technique in safeguards applications. Three examples are analyzed in Section 5: the isotopic assay of spent nuclear fuel (SNF), the measurement of {sup 235}U enrichment in UF{sub 6} cylinders, and the determination of {sup 239}Pu in mixed oxide (MOX) fuel. The study of NRF for the assay of SNF assemblies was supported by the Next Generation Safeguards Initiative (NGSI) of the U.S. Department of Energy as part of a large multi-lab/university effort to quantify the plutonium (Pu) mass in spent nuclear fuel assemblies and to detect the diversion of pins with non-destructive assay (NDA) methods. NRF is one of 14 NDA techniques being researched. The methodology for performing and analyzing quantitative NRF measurements was developed for determining Pu mass in SNF and is extensively discussed in this report. The same methodology was applied to the assessment of NRF for the measurement of {sup 235}U enrichment and the determination of {sup 239}Pu in MOX fuel. The analysis centers on determining suitable NRF measurement methods, measurement capabilities that could be realized with currently available instrumentation, and photon source and detector requirements for achieving useful NDA capabilities.
Fluorescent single walled nanotube/silica composite materials
Dattelbaum, Andrew M.; Gupta, Gautam; Duque, Juan G.; Doorn, Stephen K.; Hamilton, Christopher E.; DeFriend Obrey, Kimberly A.
Fluorescent composites of surfactant-wrapped single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were prepared by exposing suspensions of surfactant-wrapped carbon nanotubes to tetramethylorthosilicate (TMOS) vapor. Sodium deoxycholate (DOC) and sodium dodecylsulphate (SDS) were the surfactants. No loss in emission intensity was observed when the suspension of DOC-wrapped SWNTs were exposed to the TMOS vapors, but about a 50% decrease in the emission signal was observed from the SDS-wrapped SWNTs nanotubes. The decrease in emission was minimal by buffering the SDS/SWNT suspension prior to forming the composite. Fluorescent xerogels were prepared by adding glycerol to the SWNT suspensions prior to TMOS vapor exposure, followed by drying the gels. Fluorescent aerogels were prepared by replacing water in the gels with methanol and then exposing them to supercritical fluid drying conditions. The aerogels can be used for gas sensing.
Farquar, G; Leif, R
Biocompatible polymers with hydrolyzable chemical bonds have been used to produce safe, non-toxic fluorescent microspheres for material penetration studies. The selection of polymeric materials depends on both biocompatibility and processability, with tailored fluorescent properties depending on specific applications. Microspheres are composed of USFDA-approved biodegradable polymers and non-toxic fluorophores and are therefore suitable for tests where human exposure is possible. Micropheres were produced which contain unique fluorophores to enable discrimination from background aerosol particles. Characteristics that affect dispersion and adhesion can be modified depending on use. Several different microsphere preparation methods are possible, including the use of a vibrating orifice aerosol generator (VOAG), a Sono-Tek atomizer, an emulsion technique, and inkjet printhead. Applications for the fluorescent microspheres include challenges for biodefense system testing, calibrants for biofluorescence sensors, and particles for air dispersion model validation studies.
Laser-induced differential normalized fluorescence method for cancer diagnosis
Vo-Dinh, T.; Panjehpour, M.; Overholt, B.F.
An apparatus and method for cancer diagnosis are disclosed. The diagnostic method includes the steps of irradiating a tissue sample with monochromatic excitation light, producing a laser-induced fluorescence spectrum from emission radiation generated by interaction of the excitation light with the tissue sample, and dividing the intensity at each wavelength of the laser-induced fluorescence spectrum by the integrated area under the laser-induced fluorescence spectrum to produce a normalized spectrum. A mathematical difference between the normalized spectrum and an average value of a reference set of normalized spectra which correspond to normal tissues is calculated, which provides for amplifying small changes in weak signals from malignant tissues for improved analysis. The calculated differential normalized spectrum is correlated to a specific condition of a tissue sample. 5 figs.
Laser-induced differential normalized fluorescence method for cancer diagnosis
Vo-Dinh, Tuan (Knoxville, TN); Panjehpour, Masoud (Knoxville, TN); Overholt, Bergein F. (Knoxville, TN)
An apparatus and method for cancer diagnosis are disclosed. The diagnostic method includes the steps of irradiating a tissue sample with monochromatic excitation light, producing a laser-induced fluorescence spectrum from emission radiation generated by interaction of the excitation light with the tissue sample, and dividing the intensity at each wavelength of the laser-induced fluorescence spectrum by the integrated area under the laser-induced fluorescence spectrum to produce a normalized spectrum. A mathematical difference between the normalized spectrum and an average value of a reference set of normalized spectra which correspond to normal tissues is calculated, which provides for amplifying small changes in weak signals from malignant tissues for improved analysis. The calculated differential normalized spectrum is correlated to a specific condition of a tissue sample.
SSL Pricing and Efficacy Trend Analysis for Utility Program Planning
Tuenge, Jason R.
An LED lamp or luminaire can generally be found that matches or exceeds the efficacy of benchmark technologies in a given product category, and LED products continue to expand into ever-higher lumen output niches. However, the price premium for LED continues to pose a barrier to adoption in many applications, in spite of expected savings from reduced energy use and maintenance. Other factors�such as dimmability and quality of light�can also present challenges. The appropriate type, timing, and magnitude of energy efficiency activities will vary from organization to organization based on local variables and the method of evaluation. A number of factors merit consideration when prioritizing activities for development. Category-specific projections for pricing and efficacy are provided herein to assist in efficiency program planning efforts.
A versatile detector for total fluorescence and electron yield experiments
Thielemann, N. [Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin fuer Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin (Germany); Institut fuer Physik, Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, 12489 Berlin (Germany); Hoffmann, P. [Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin fuer Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin (Germany); Foehlisch, A. [Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin fuer Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin (Germany); Institut fuer Physik und Astronomie, Universitaet Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Potsdam (Germany)
The combination of a non-coated silicon photodiode with electron repelling meshes makes a versatile detector for total fluorescence yield and electron yield techniques highly suitable for x-ray absorption spectroscopy. In particular, a copper mesh with a bias voltage allows to suppress or transmit the electron yield signal. The performance of this detection scheme has been characterized by near edge x-ray absorption fine structure studies of thermal oxidized silicon and sapphire. The results show that the new detector probes both electron yield and for a bias voltage exceeding the maximum photon energy the total fluorescence yield.
Heat transfer assembly for a fluorescent lamp and fixture
Siminovitch, Michael J. (Richmond, CA); Rubenstein, Francis M. (Berkeley, CA); Whitman, Richard E. (Richmond, CA)
In a lighting fixture including a lamp and a housing, a heat transfer structure is disclosed for reducing the minimum lamp wall temperature of a fluorescent light bulb. The heat transfer structure, constructed of thermally conductive material, extends from inside the housing to outside the housing, transferring heat energy generated from a fluorescent light bulb to outside the housing where the heat energy is dissipated to the ambient air outside the housing. Also disclosed is a method for reducing minimum lamp wall temperatures. Further disclosed is an improved lighting fixture including a lamp, a housing and the aforementioned heat transfer structure.
Heat transfer assembly for a fluorescent lamp and fixture
Siminovitch, M.J.; Rubenstein, F.M.; Whitman, R.E.
In a lighting fixture including a lamp and a housing, a heat transfer structure is disclosed for reducing the minimum lamp wall temperature of a fluorescent light bulb. The heat transfer structure, constructed of thermally conductive material, extends from inside the housing to outside the housing, transferring heat energy generated from a fluorescent light bulb to outside the housing where the heat energy is dissipated to the ambient air outside the housing. Also disclosed is a method for reducing minimum lamp wall temperatures. Further disclosed is an improved lighting fixture including a lamp, a housing and the aforementioned heat transfer structure. 11 figs.
Spotlights on Recent JACS Publications FLUORESCENT PROBES LIGHT UP AMYLOID
Theodorakis, Emmanuel
the conductance, or transport, of ions across the membrane. Researchers have exploited the efficient transport investigated the mechanism of ion transport through several structural variants of fluorescent oligoester: the channel's ion transport activity slowly decreased over time. The researchers used steady-state and time
A genetically encoded fluorescent reporter of ATP:ADP ratio
Yellen, Gary
A genetically encoded fluorescent reporter of ATP:ADP ratio Jim Berg1,2, Yin Pun Hung1 & Gary's affinity for Mg-ATP was o100 nM, as seen for other members of the bacterial PII regulator family, a surprisingly high affinity given that normal intracellular ATP concentration is in the millimolar range. ADP
Stepwise Quenching of Exciton Fluorescence in Carbon Nanotubes
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
1 Stepwise Quenching of Exciton Fluorescence in Carbon Nanotubes by Single Molecule Reactions with individual single-walled carbon nanotubes are observed, and luminescence quenching analysis reveals the diffusional range of excitons in semiconducting nanotubes. *To whom correspondence should be addressed
Automated hybridization/imaging device for fluorescent multiplex DNA sequencing
Weiss, R.B.; Kimball, A.W.; Gesteland, R.F.; Ferguson, F.M.; Dunn, D.M.; Di Sera, L.J.; Cherry, J.L.
A method is disclosed for automated multiplex sequencing of DNA with an integrated automated imaging hybridization chamber system. This system comprises an hybridization chamber device for mounting a membrane containing size-fractionated multiplex sequencing reaction products, apparatus for fluid delivery to the chamber device, imaging apparatus for light delivery to the membrane and image recording of fluorescence emanating from the membrane while in the chamber device, and programmable controller apparatus for controlling operation of the system. The multiplex reaction products are hybridized with a probe, the enzyme (such as alkaline phosphatase) is bound to a binding moiety on the probe, and a fluorogenic substrate (such as a benzothiazole derivative) is introduced into the chamber device by the fluid delivery apparatus. The enzyme converts the fluorogenic substrate into a fluorescent product which, when illuminated in the chamber device with a beam of light from the imaging apparatus, excites fluorescence of the fluorescent product to produce a pattern of hybridization. The pattern of hybridization is imaged by a CCD camera component of the imaging apparatus to obtain a series of digital signals. These signals are converted by the controller apparatus into a string of nucleotides corresponding to the nucleotide sequence an automated sequence reader. The method and apparatus are also applicable to other membrane-based applications such as colony and plaque hybridization and Southern, Northern, and Western blots. 9 figs.
Automated hybridization/imaging device for fluorescent multiplex DNA sequencing
Weiss, Robert B. (Salt Lake City, UT); Kimball, Alvin W. (Salt Lake City, UT); Gesteland, Raymond F. (Salt Lake City, UT); Ferguson, F. Mark (Salt Lake City, UT); Dunn, Diane M. (West Valley City, UT); Di Sera, Leonard J. (Salt Lake City, UT); Cherry, Joshua L. (Salt Lake City, UT)
A method is disclosed for automated multiplex sequencing of DNA with an integrated automated imaging hybridization chamber system. This system comprises an hybridization chamber device for mounting a membrane containing size-fractionated multiplex sequencing reaction products, apparatus for fluid delivery to the chamber device, imaging apparatus for light delivery to the membrane and image recording of fluorescence emanating from the membrane while in the chamber device, and programmable controller apparatus for controlling operation of the system. The multiplex reaction products are hybridized with a probe, then an enzyme (such as alkaline phosphatase) is bound to a binding moiety on the probe, and a fluorogenic substrate (such as a benzothiazole derivative) is introduced into the chamber device by the fluid delivery apparatus. The enzyme converts the fluorogenic substrate into a fluorescent product which, when illuminated in the chamber device with a beam of light from the imaging apparatus, excites fluorescence of the fluorescent product to produce a pattern of hybridization. The pattern of hybridization is imaged by a CCD camera component of the imaging apparatus to obtain a series of digital signals. These signals are converted by the controller apparatus into a string of nucleotides corresponding to the nucleotide sequence an automated sequence reader. The method and apparatus are also applicable to other membrane-based applications such as colony and plaque hybridization and Southern, Northern, and Western blots.
REGULAR PAPER Modulation of the fluorescence yield in heliobacterial cells
. They are thought to use a light-driven cyclic electron transport pathway to pump protons, and thereby phos brief flashes is inversely correlated to the variable fluorescence. Using pump-probe spectros- copy), or conversion to heat. When photosynthetic systems are operating efficiently, photochemistry dominates
Convection venting lensed reflector-type compact fluorescent lamp system
Pelton, B.A.; Siminovitch, M.
Disclosed herein is a fluorescent lamp housing assembly capable of providing convection cooling to the lamp and the ballast. The lens of the present invention includes two distinct portions, a central portion and an apertured portion. The housing assembly further includes apertures so that air mass is able to freely move up through the assembly and out ventilation apertures. 12 figs.
Actin Polymerization Overshoots and Hydrolysis as Assayed by Pyrene Fluorescence
Carlsson, Anders
Actin Polymerization Overshoots and Hydrolysis as Assayed by Pyrene Fluorescence F. J. Brooks and A observed in the flu- orescence intensity of pyrene-labeled actin during rapid polymerization. We show the true polymerization kinetics. We show that there is an optimal range of hydrolysis and phosphate
Optical gating of perylene bisimide fluorescence using dithienylcyclopentene photochromic switches
P�rs, Martti; K�hler, J�rgen, E-mail: email@example.com [Experimental Physics IV, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth (Germany)] [Experimental Physics IV, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth (Germany); Gr�f, Katja; Bauer, Peter; Thelakkat, Mukundan [Applied Functional Polymers, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth (Germany)] [Applied Functional Polymers, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth (Germany)
The emission of millions of fluorescence photons from a chromophore is controlled by the absorption of a few tens of photons in a photochromic molecule. The parameters that determine the efficiency of this process are investigated, providing insights for the development of an all-optical gate.
Classification of Protein Localization Patterns Obtained via Fluorescence Light Microscopy
Gordon, Geoffrey J.
of the microscope. They should also be in- sensitive to the wide variability in cell morphology that is present in fluores- cence light microscope images of mammalian cells. Such images are generated on a regular basis by labeling one or more subcellular structures with fluorescent dyes and then collecting images
farquar, G; Leif, R
Biocompatible polymers with hydrolyzable chemical bonds are being used to produce safe, non-toxic fluorescent microspheres for material penetration studies. The selection of polymeric materials depends on both biocompatibility and processability, with tailored fluorescent properties depending on specific applications. Microspheres are composed of USFDA-approved biodegradable polymers and non-toxic fluorophores and are therefore suitable for tests where human exposure is possible. Micropheres are being produced which contain unique fluorophores to enable discrimination from background aerosol particles. Characteristics that affect dispersion and adhesion can be modified depending on use. Several different microsphere preparation methods are possible, including the use of a vibrating orifice aerosol generator (VOAG), a Sono-Tek atomizer, an emulsion technique, and inkjet printhead. The advantages and disadvantages of each method will be presented and discussed in greater detail along with fluorescent and charge properties of the aerosols. Applications for the fluorescent microspheres include challenges for biodefense system testing, calibrants for biofluorescence sensors, and particles for air dispersion model validation studies.
Cellubrevin-targeted Fluorescence Uncovers Heterogeneity in the Recycling Endosomes*
Machen, Terry E.
Cellubrevin-targeted Fluorescence Uncovers Heterogeneity in the Recycling Endosomes* (Received, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3200 The pH and trafficking of recycling endosomes have-enriched recycling endosomes (pHCb) and FITC-transferrin to measure the pH of transferrin- enriched recycling
Fluorescent Amino Acids: Modular Building Blocks for the Assembly of New Tools for Chemical Biology
Krueger, Andrew T.
Fluorescence spectroscopy is a powerful tool for probing complex biological processes. The ubiquity of peptide�protein and protein�protein interactions in these processes has made them important targets for fluorescence ...
Extending the utility of enzymes for site-specific targeting of fluorescent probes
Liu, Daniel S. (Daniel Shao-Chen)
Genetically encodable fluorescence reporters such as the green fluorescent protein (GFP) are useful for studying protein expression, localization, and dynamics in a variety of biological systems. GFP and its related variants, ...
Understanding Zinc Quantification with Existing and Advanced Ditopic Fluorescent Zinpyr Sensors
Buccella, Daniela
Treatment of aqueous zinc solutions with incremental additions of a ditopic fluorescent sensor of the Zinpyr family, based on pyridine/pyrazine-containing metal recognition units, affords a fluorescence titration curve ...
Seminaphthofluorescein-Based Fluorescent Probes for Imaging Nitric Oxide in Live Cells
Pluth, Michael D.
Fluorescent turn-on probes for nitric oxide based on seminaphthofluorescein scaffolds were prepared and spectroscopically characterized. The Cu(II) complexes of these fluorescent probes react with NO under anaerobic ...
Detection of counterfeit U.S. paper money using intrinsic fluorescence lifetime
Levene, Michael J.
-photon spectral and lifetime fluorescence microscopy," Appl. Opt. 43(27), 51735182 (2004). #118121 - $15.00 USD
Fluorescent Probe Solubilization in the Headgroup and Core Regions of Micelles: Fluorescence Lifetime and Orientational Relaxation Measurements
Fayer, Michael D.
the microheterogeneous medium under investigation. To ascertain that the probe is located in the target environment in the hydrocarbon core region of the micelle. In this environment the chromophores have a considerably longer to be applied successfully, the fluorescent molecule must be tailored to probe the desired environment within
Fluorescence quenching of water-soluble porphyrins. A novel fluorescence quenching of anionic porphyrin by anionic anthraquinone
Kano, K.; Sato, T.; Yamada, S.; Ogawa, T.
The fluorescence quenching of 5-phenyl-10,15,20-tris(p-sulfonatophenyl)porphine (TPPS/sup 3 -/) and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-N-methylpyridyl)porphine (TMPyP/sup 4 +/) has been studied in water (pH 8.0) by using 9,10-anthra-quinone-2,6-disulfonate (AQDS/sup 2 -/) and methyl viologen (MV/sup 2 +/) as quenchers. While electrostatic repulsion is expected, AQDS/sup 2 -/ quenched the TPPS/sup 3 -/ fluorescence more efficiently than MV/sup 2 +/. The steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence measurements indicated that static quenching took place in the TPPS/sup 3 -/-AQDS/sup 2 -/ system. Studies on the absorption spectra and the effects of ionic strength on the fluorescence quenching indicated the formation of the ground-state complex of TPPS/sup 3 -/ and AQDS/sup 2 -/. The thermodynamic parameters (..delta..H and ..delta..S) suggested that the ground-state complex was formed via van der Walls interaction.
428 BIOCHIMICAET BIOPHYSICAACTA pH CONTROL OF THE CHLOROPHYLL a FLUORESCENCE IN ALGAE
428 BIOCHIMICAET BIOPHYSICAACTA BBA 46126 pH CONTROL OF THE CHLOROPHYLL a FLUORESCENCE IN ALGAE on the "slow" (min) time course of Chlorophyll a fluorescence yield in the green alga Chlorella pyrenoidosa and in the blue-green alga Anacystis nidulans. In Chlorella, the decay of fluorescence yield, in the I- to 5-rain
Caged Molecular Fluorescence Velocimetry to measure meso-to micro-scale thermal flow fields
Park, Jaesung
(CPL). The system utilizes a microscope objective lens, caged molecular fluorescence probes, Nd:YAG laser for UV light source, Ar-ion laser for 488 nm fluorescence pumping, and a color CCD camera to record a series of fluorescent images. Caged...
DNA complexes with dyes designed for energy transfer as fluorescent markers
Glazer, Alexander M. (Orinda, CA); Benson, Scott C. (Albany, CA)
Heteromultimeric fluorophores are provided for binding to DNA, which allow for the detection of DNA in electrical separations and preparation of probes having high-fluorescent efficiencies and large Stokes shifts. In addition, by appropriate choice of fluorescent molecules, one can use a single narrow wavelength band excitation light source, while obtaining fluorescent emissions having sufficient separation to be readily discriminated.
Bioluminescent and Red-Fluorescent Lures in a Deep-Sea Siphonophore
Dunn, Casey
Bioluminescent and Red-Fluorescent Lures in a Deep-Sea Siphonophore Steven H. D. Haddock,1 * Casey stalk (Fig. 1, B and C). The transpar- ent stalk terminates in a bulb containing white spots, historical surrounded by red fluorescent material (Fig. 1C). This substance produced a multimodal fluorescence emis
RAPID COMMUNICATION An Integral Membrane Green Fluorescent Protein Marker, Us9-GFP,
RAPID COMMUNICATION An Integral Membrane Green Fluorescent Protein Marker, Us9-GFP described GFP-spectrin, a membrane- localized derivative of the green fluorescent protein that can proteins employed in this assay. © 1999 Academic Press Key Words: green fluorescent protein; cell cycle
Fluorescence Behavioral Imaging (FBI) Tracks Identity in Heterogeneous Groups of Drosophila
Floreano, Dario
Fluorescence Behavioral Imaging (FBI) Tracks Identity in Heterogeneous Groups of Drosophila Pavan describe Fluorescence Behavioral Imaging (FBI), a toolkit that uses transgenic fluorescence to discriminate-source software for automated, high-accuracy determination of genetic identity. Using FBI, we measure courtship
On the advantages of using green light to study fluorescence yield changes in leaves
) and the Benson and Calvin cycle involved in the fixation of CO2 (see e.g. [5]). The large variety of parameters the fluorescence increase reflecting the full reduction of the plastoquinone pool. We ascribe this plateau of the light-induced changes of fluorescence yield. In order to detect fluorescence emission, the sample has
An Investigation of the Effect of After-Action Reviews on Teams' Performance-Efficacy Relationships
Schurig, Ira
work has provided strong evidence that past performance is a better predictor of future performance than self-efficacy and that self- efficacy explains very little variance in future performance when examined longitudinally after controlling for past...?s assessment of its efficacy will be more congruent with its actual past performance of the task and as such, can be used more effectively by the team in allocating resources in pursuit of successful task performance. For example, a team that performs poorly...
Nanogold{reg_sign}, a gold cluster with a core of gold atoms 1.4 nm in diameter, has proven to be a superior probe label for electron microscopy (EM), giving both higher labeling density and improved access to previously hindered or restricted antigens. It may be visualized by autometallography (AMG) for use in light microscopy (LM): silver-and gold-amplified Nanogold detection has proven to be one of the most sensitive methods available for the detection of low copy number targets such as viral DNA in cells and tissue specimens. AMG enhancement has also made Nanogold an effective detection label in blots and gels. The following protocols will be described: Labeling of nuclear components in cells. Protocol for in situ hybridization and detection with fluorescein-Nanogold--or Cy3{trademark}-Nanogold-labeled streptavidin. Nanogold is an inert molecule, and generally does not interact with biological molecules unless a specific chemical reactivity is introduced into the molecule. Conjugates are prepared using site-specific chemical conjugation through reactive chemical functionalities introduced during Nanogold preparation, which allows the gold label to be attached to a specific site on the conjugate biomolecule. For example, a maleimido-Nanogold derivative, which is specific for thiol binding, is frequently attached to the hinge region of an antibody at a unique thiol site generated by selective reduction of a hinge disulfide. This site is remote from the antigen combining region, and the Nanogold, therefore, does not compromise target binding. Nanogold may also be prepared with specific reactivity towards amines or other unique chemical groups. This mode of attachment enables the preparation of probes labeled with both Nanogold and fluorescent labels. Different chemical reactivities are used to attach the Nanogold and the fluorescent groups to different sites in the conjugate biomolecule, as shown in Figure 7.1. In this manner, the two labels are spaced sufficiently far apart that fluorescent resonance energy transfer does not quench the fluorescent signal, and the probes may be used to label specimens for fluorescent and EM observation in a single staining procedure. This reduces the complexity of the staining procedure, allowing less specimen perturbation, and also enables a higher degree of correlation between the fluorescence and EM localization of the target, thus increasing the usefulness of the complementary data sets. Since gold and fluorescent-labeled probes are often used at different concentrations under different conditions, optimum procedures for the use of fluorescent and gold probes may entail some degree of compromise between the most appropriate conditions for the two types of probes. However, the chemical stability of the Nanogold label means that it is generally stable to a wide range of use conditions, and the following protocols have been found to be effective for labeling specimens with combined fluorescein and Nanogold-labeled antibody Fab' probes and with combined Cy3 and Nanogold-labeled streptavidin.
DNA fragment sizing and sorting by laser-induced fluorescence
Hammond, Mark L. (Angier, NC); Jett, James H. (Los Alamos, NM); Keller, Richard A. (Los Alamos, NM); Marrone, Babetta L. (Los Alamos, NM); Martin, John C. (Los Alamos, NM)
A method is provided for sizing DNA fragments using high speed detection systems, such as flow cytometry to determine unique characteristics of DNA pieces from a sample. In one characterization the DNA piece is fragmented at preselected sites to produce a plurality of DNA fragments. The DNA piece or the resulting DNA fragments are treated with a dye effective to stain stoichiometrically the DNA piece or the DNA fragments. The fluorescence from the dye in the stained fragments is then examined to generate an output functionally related to the number of nucleotides in each one of the DNA fragments. In one embodiment, the intensity of the fluorescence emissions from each fragment is linearly related to the fragment length. The distribution of DNA fragment sizes forms a characterization of the DNA piece for use in forensic and research applications.
Fluorescence quenching of CdSe quantum dots on graphene
Guo, Xi Tao; Hua Ni, Zhen, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Yan Nan, Hai; Hui Wang, Wen [Department of Physics and Key Laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189 (China)] [Department of Physics and Key Laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189 (China); Yan Liao, Chun [Physics Department, National Photoelectric Technology and Functional Materials and Application of Science and Technology International Cooperation Base, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069 (China)] [Physics Department, National Photoelectric Technology and Functional Materials and Application of Science and Technology International Cooperation Base, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069 (China); Zhang, Yan; Wei Zhao, Wei [Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Fabrication of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189 (China)] [Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Fabrication of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189 (China)
We studied systematically the fluorescence quenching of CdSe quantum dots (QDs) on graphene and its multilayers, as well as graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO). Raman intensity of QDs was used as a quantitatively measurement of its concentration in order to achieve a reliable quenching factor (QF). It was found that the QF of graphene (?13.1) and its multilayers is much larger than rGO (?4.4), while GO (?1.5) has the lowest quenching efficiency, which suggests that the graphitic structure is an important factor for quenching the fluorescence of QDs. It was also revealed that the QF of graphene is not strongly dependent on its thicknesses.
Zero energy-storage ballast for compact fluorescent lamps
Schultz, William Newell (Niskayuna, NY); Thomas, Robert James (Rexford, NY)
A CFL ballast includes complementary-type switching devices connected in series with their gates connected together at a control node. The switching devices supply a resonant tank circuit which is tuned to a frequency near, but slightly lower than, the resonant frequency of a resonant control circuit. As a result, the tank circuit restarts oscillations immediately following each zero crossing of the bus voltage. Such rapid restarts avoid undesirable flickering while maintaining the operational advantages and high efficacy of the CFL ballast.
Mechanisms of NDV-3 vaccine efficacy in MRSA skin versus invasive infection
3 vaccine efficacy in MRSA skin versus invasive infectionFig. 1) and suppression of MRSA proliferation (Fig. 2). Eachseverity and suppression of MRSA bioluminescence (Figs. 1
Personal science teaching efficacy and the beliefs and practices of elementary teachers related to science instruction
Lardy, Corinne H.
and women in mathematics, science, and technology careers.Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 45(9), 1036-1058.development of an elementary science teaching efficacy
Mathematics Self-Efficacy of Community College Students in Developmental Mathematics Courses.
Clutts, David Walker
??Mathematics self-efficacy was defined as an individual's beliefs about how he or she would perform a specific math task or in a specific mathematics or� (more)
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efficacy Page: << < 1 2 3 4 5 > >> 1 Preplant Burndown, Weed Management and Cotton Response to Saflufenacil J.W. Keeling Summary: establishment and cotton growth, and 3)...
Landscape Planning and Biogeochemistry: Estimating and Analyzing Carbon Sequestration Efficacy In Dryland Open Space.
Huck, Erick Otto
??Despite public demand for climate change mitigation and natural open space conservancy, existing political and design efforts are only beginning to address the declining efficacy� (more)
Magnetic fluorescent lamp having reduced ultraviolet self-absorption
Berman, Samuel M. (San Francisco, CA); Richardson, Robert W. (Pelham, NY)
The radiant emission of a mercury-argon discharge in a fluorescent lamp assembly (10) is enhanced by providing means (30) for establishing a magnetic field with lines of force along the path of electron flow through the bulb (12) of the lamp assembly, to provide Zeeman splitting of the ultraviolet spectral line. Optimum results are obtained when the magnetic field strength causes a Zeeman splitting of approximately 1.7 times the thermal line width.
Dynamic fluorescence imaging with molecular agents for cancer detection
Kwon, Sun Kuk
emission computed tomography SUV standard uptake values SLN sentinel lymph node TK tyrosine kinase TBR target to background ratio Symbols ? pharmacokinetic parameter ? pharmacokinetic parameter )(tC BOUND concentration of dye... bound to integrin receptor either in the vascular or extravascular compartments )(tC LAREXTRAVASCU concentration of dye in extravascular space )(tC VASCULAR concentration of dye in vascular space 0 I background fluorescence intensity c k...
Photon statistics of atomic fluorescence after {pi}-pulse excitation
Yoshimi, Kazuyoshi [College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-0827 (Japan); Koshino, Kazuki [College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-0827 (Japan); PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012 (Japan)
The photon statistics of atomic fluorescence after {pi}-pulse excitation is investigated in a system in which the input and output ports are connected to an atom. Since spontaneous decay during input pulse excitation occurs, the output pulse generally contains a multiphoton component with a certain probability. We quantitatively evaluate the probability of the output pulse containing multiple photons and determine the conditions for ideal single-photon generation.
Development of a fluorescent antibody test for equine infectious anemia
Lester, Thomas Lee
. Moore The development of a direct fluorescent antibody technique for a reliable laboratory and diagnostic test for equine infectious anemia (EIA) was described. A specific antiserum was produced by inoculation of goats with EIA virus derived from... the Texas and Illinois strains of EIA virus in cell culture and in known infected horses and against the Wyoming strain of EIA virus in inoculated horses. Its specificity was further substantiated by testing it against heterologous viruses including...
Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Fluorescent Carbon Nanoparticles
Chen, Bonnie
MICROWAVE-ASSITED SYNTHESIS OF FLUORESCENT CARBON NANOPARTICLES A Thesis by BONNIE CHEN Submitted to the Office of Graduate and Professional Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree...-(hydroxymethyl) furfural (5- HMF) derivatives, which are major products of glucose decomposition. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis was completed in my fourth year at Texas A&M University as a master's student, and analyzes, discusses and displays...
Enhanced detection of fluorescence quenching in labeled cells
Crissman, H.A.; Steinkamp, J.A.
A method is provided for quantifying BrdU labeled DNA in cells. The BrdU is substituted onto the DNA and the DNA is stained with a first fluorochrome having a fluorescence which is quenchable by BrdU. The first fluorochrome is preferably a thymidine base halogen analogue, such as a Hoechst fluorochrome. The DNA is then stained with a second fluorochrome having a fluorescence which is substantially uneffected by BrdU. The second fluorochrome may be selected from the group consisting of mithramycin, chromomycin A3, olivomycin, propidium iodide and ethidium bromine. The fluorescence from the first and second fluorochromes is then measured to obtain first and second output signals, respectively. The first output signal is subtracted from the second output signal to obtain a difference signal which is functionally related to the quantity of BrdU incorporated into DNA. The technique is particularly useful for quantifying the synthesis of DNA during the S-phase of the cell cycle. 2 figs.
High efficacy plasma display panel with vertically raised bus electrodes
Ok, Jung-Woo; Lee, Hae June; Kim, Dong-Hyun; Park, Chung-Hoo; Lee, Ho-Jun; Kim, Jae-Sung; Choi, Kwang-Yeol [Department of Electrical Engineering, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735 (Korea, Republic of); PDP R and D Department, PDP Division, LG Electronics Inc., Gumi 730-030 (Korea, Republic of); Digital Display Research Laboratory, LG Electronics Inc., Seoul 137-724 (Korea, Republic of)
The authors propose a high efficacy alternating current plasma display panel utilizing vertically raised multilayer bus electrodes. The cell structure was designed to provide an opposite discharge mode and low discharge current in a relatively long gap. The test panels having discharge gaps of 330, 350, and 370 {mu}m were fabricated and basic properties of the panel were investigated in terms of current-voltage characteristics, luminance, and luminous efficiency. The cells with proposed structure show higher luminance and lower current simultaneously. The improvement in luminous efficiency is found to be a factor of 2 compared with the conventional coplanar structure having an electrode gap of 60 {mu}m. Emission spectra and spatio-temporal distribution of infrared light in discharge were measured. It is shown that high luminous efficiency of proposed cell originates from high excitation efficiency, low surface loss of charged particles, and enlarged discharge volume.
Development of High Efficacy, Low Cost Phosphorescent Oled Lightning Luminaire
Michael Hack
In this two year program, UDC together with Armstrong World Industries, Professor Stephen Forrest (University of Michigan) and Professor Mark Thompson (University of Southern California) planned to develop and deliver high efficiency OLED lighting luminaires as part of an integrated ceiling illumination system that exceed the Department of Energy (DOE) 2010 performance projections. Specifically the UDC team in 2010 delivered two prototype OLED ceiling illumination systems, each consisting of four individual OLED lighting panels on glass integrated into Armstrong's novel TechZone open architecture ceiling systems, at an overall system efficacy of 51 lm/W, a CRI = 85 and a projected lifetime to 70% of initial luminance to exceed 10,000 hours. This accomplishment represents a 50% increase in luminaire efficacy and a factor of two in lifetime over that outlined in the solicitation. In addition, the team has also delivered one 15cm x 15cm lighting panel fabricated on a flexible metal foil substrate, demonstrating the possibility using OLEDs in a range of form factors. During this program, our Team has pursued the commercialization of these OLED based ceiling luminaires, with a goal to launch commercial products within the next three years. We have proven that our team is ideally suited to develop these highly novel and efficient solid state lighting luminaires, having both the technical experience and commercial strategy to leverage work performed under this contract. Our calculations show that the success of our program could lead to energy savings of more than 0.5 quads or 8 MMTC (million metric tons of carbon) per year by 2016.
A Highly Efficacious Lymphocyte Chemoattractant, Stromal Cell-derived Factor 1 (SDF-1)
Springer, Timothy A.
A Highly Efficacious Lymphocyte Chemoattractant, Stromal Cell-derived Factor 1 (SDF-1) By Conrad C-derived factor 1 (SDF-1). SDF-1 acts on lymphocytes and monocytes but not neutrophils in vitro and is both a highly efficacious and highly potent mononuclear cell attractant in vivo. In addition, SDF-1 induces
A light diet for a giant appetite: An assessment of China's proposed fluorescent lamp standard
Lin, Jiang
Lighting has been one of the fastest growing electric end-uses in China over the last twenty years, with an average annual growth rate of 14%. Fluorescent lighting provides a significant portion of China's lighting need. In 1998, China produced 680 million fluorescent lamps, of which 420 million were linear fluorescent lamps of various diameters (T8 to T12). There are substantial variations both in energy efficiency and lighting performance among locally produced fluorescent lamps. Such variations present a perfect opportunity for policy intervention through efficiency standards to promote the adoption of more efficient fluorescent lamps in China. This paper analyzes China's proposed minimum efficiency standard for fluorescent lamps and presents an assessment of its likely impacts on China's lighting energy consumption and GHG emissions.
X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy from ions at charged vapor/water interfaces
Wei Bu; David Vaknin
X-ray fluorescence spectra from monovalent ions (Cs+) that accumulate from dilute solutions to form an ion-rich layer near a charged Langmuir monolayer are presented. For the salt solution without the monolayer, the fluorescence signals below the critical angle are significantly lower than the detection sensitivity and only above the critical angle signals from the bulk are observed. In the presence of a monolayer that provides surface charges, strong fluorescence signals below the critical angle are observed. Ion density accumulated at the interface are determined from the fluorescence. The fluorescent spectra collected as a function of incident x-ray energy near the LIII edge yield the extended absorption spectra from the ions, and are compared to recent independent results. The fluorescence data from divalent Ba2+ with and without monolayer are also presented.
Zero energy-storage ballast for compact fluorescent lamps
Schultz, W.N.; Thomas, R.J.
A CFL ballast includes complementary-type switching devices connected in series with their gates connected together at a control node. The switching devices supply a resonant tank circuit which is tuned to a frequency near, but slightly lower than, the resonant frequency of a resonant control circuit. As a result, the tank circuit restarts oscillations immediately following each zero crossing of the bus voltage. Such rapid restarts avoid undesirable flickering while maintaining the operational advantages and high efficacy of the CFL ballast. 4 figs.
Nanoscale fluorescence lifetime imaging with a single diamond NV center
Ryan Beams; Dallas Smith; Timothy W. Johnson; Sang-Hyun Oh; Lukas Novotny; Nick Vamivakas
Solid-state quantum emitters, such as artificially engineered quantum dots or naturally occurring defects in solids, are being investigated for applications ranging from quantum information science and optoelectronics to biomedical imaging. Recently, these same systems have also been studied from the perspective of nanoscale metrology. In this letter we study the near-field optical properties of a diamond nanocrystal hosting a single nitrogen vacancy center. We find that the nitrogen vacancy center is a sensitive probe of the surrounding electromagnetic mode structure. We exploit this sensitivity to demonstrate nanoscale fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) with a single nitrogen vacancy center by imaging the local density of states of an optical antenna.
Quantum Process Tomography by 2D Fluorescence Spectroscopy
Leonardo A. Pachon; Andrew H. Marcus; Alan Aspuru-Guzik
Reconstruction of the dynamics (quantum process tomography) of the single-exciton manifold in energy transfer systems is proposed here on the basis of two-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy (2D-FS) with phase-modulation. The quantum-process-tomography protocol introduced here benefits from, e.g., the sensitivity enhancement and signal-to-noise ratio ascribed to 2D-FS. Although the isotropically averaged spectroscopic signals depend on the quantum yield parameter $\\Gamma$ of the doubly-excited-exciton manifold, it is shown that the reconstruction of the dynamics is insensitive to this parameter. Applications to foundational and applied problems, as well as further extensions, are discussed.
Quantum Process Tomography by 2D Fluorescence Spectroscopy
Pachon, Leonardo A; Aspuru-Guzik, Alan
Reconstruction of the dynamics (quantum process tomography) of the single-exciton manifold in energy transfer systems is proposed here on the basis of two-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy (2D-FS) with phase-modulation. The quantum-process-tomography protocol introduced here benefits from, e.g., the sensitivity enhancement and signal-to-noise ratio ascribed to 2D-FS. Although the isotropically averaged spectroscopic signals depend on the quantum yield parameter $\\Gamma$ of the doubly-excited-exciton manifold, it is shown that the reconstruction of the dynamics is insensitive to this parameter. Applications to foundational and applied problems, as well as further extensions, are discussed.
Blue-green phosphor for fluorescent lighting applications
Srivastava, Alok; Comanzo, Holly; Manivannan, Venkatesan; Setlur, Anant Achyut
A fluorescent lamp including a phosphor layer including Sr.sub.4 Al.sub.14 O.sub.25 :Eu.sup.2+ (SAE) and at least one of each of a red, green and blue emitting phosphor. The phosphor layer can optionally include an additional, deep red phosphor and a yellow emitting phosphor. The resulting lamp will exhibit a white light having a color rendering index of 90 or higher with a correlated color temperature of from 2500 to 10000 Kelvin. The use of SAE in phosphor blends of lamps results in high CRI light sources with increased stability and acceptable lumen maintenance over, the course of the lamp life.
Feedback control of the squeezing of the fluorescence light
Alberto Barchielli; Matteo Gregoratti
Among the formulations of the theory of quantum measurements in continuous time, quantum trajectory theory is very suitable for the introduction of measurement based feedback and closed loop control of quantum systems. In this paper we present such a construction in the concrete case of a two-level atom stimulated by a coherent, monochromatic laser. In particular, we show how fast feedback \\`a la Wiseman and Milburn can be introduced in the formulation of the theory. Then, the spectrum of the free fluorescence light is studied and typical quantum phenomena, squeezing and sub-natural line-narrowing, are presented.
Fluorescent Pigments for High-Performance Cool Roofing
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Delicious Rank EERE:YearRound-UpHeat PumpRecordFederal7.pdfFlash_2010_-24.pdfOverview Flow Cells forFluorescent
Fluorescence of [Fe II] in H II regions
M. Rodriguez
A study of [Fe II] lines at various positions within the H II regions M42 and M43 is presented. The relative intensities of selected optical [Fe II] lines are shown to be correlated with the intensity of the apparent nebular continuous spectrum. Since the continuum of H II regions is known to be mostly stellar radiation scattered by dust intermixed with the emitting gas, these correlations provide direct evidence for the existence of fluorescent excitation in the formation process of the [Fe II] lines, irrespective of the prevailing physical state.
Product Standards for Fluorescent Lighting (Japan) | Open Energy
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home5b9fcbce19 No revision hasInformation Earth'sOklahoma/GeothermalOrangePeru:JobInformationInformation Fluorescent
X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) | Open Energy Information
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data CenterFranconia, Virginia:FAQ < RAPID Jump to:SeadovCooperative JumpWilliamsonWoodsonCounty is a county in NewFluorescence (XRF) Jump
Air Fluorescence Relevant for Cosmic-Ray Detection - Review of Pioneering Measurements
Fernando Arqueros; Joerg R. Hoerandel; Bianca Keilhauer
Cosmic rays with energies exceeding $10^{17}$ eV are frequently registered by measurements of the fluorescence light emitted by extensive air showers. The main uncertainty for the absolute energy scale of the measured air showers is coming from the fluorescence light yield of electrons in air. The fluorescence light yield has been studied in laboratory experiments. Pioneering measurements between 1954 and 2000 are reviewed.
Microcavity effects on the generation,fluorescence, and diffusion of excitons in organic solar cells
Kozyreff, G; Vuong, L T; Silleras, O Nieto; Martorell, J
We compute the short-circuit diffusion current of excitons in an organic solar cell, with special emphasis on fluorescence losses. The exciton diffusion length is not uniform but varies with its position within the device, even with moderate fluorescence quantum efficiency. With large quantum efficiencies, the rate of fluorescence can be strongly reduced with proper choices of the geometrical and dielectric parameters. In this way, the diffusion length can be increased and the device performance significantly improved.
Measuring the Efficacy of Leaders to Assess Information and Make Decisions in a Crisis: The C-LEAD Scale
Pittinsky, Todd L.
Based on literature and expert interviews, we developed the Crisis Leader Efficacy in Assessing and Deciding scale (C-LEAD) to capture the efficacy of leaders to assess information and make decisions in a public health and ...
Jaklevic, J.M.
upon the x-ray fluorescence (XRF) method for the elementalnon-destructive nature of XRF is especially important whereconcentrations are measured in the XRF spectrometer and the
Shelf life of five meat products displayed under light emitting diode or fluorescent lighting.
Steele, Kyle Stover
??Light emitting diode (LED) and fluorescent (FLS) lighting effects on enhanced pork loin chops, beef longissimus dorsi and semimembranosus steaks, ground beef, and ground turkey� (more)
Power control architectures for cold cathode fluorescent lamp and light emitting diode based light sources.
Doshi, Montu V.
?? In this dissertation, two different energy efficient power supply topologies are introduced for controlling cold cathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL) and high-brightness light emitting diode� (more)
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2 PH.9 MICROSYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY LABORATORIES ANNUAL RESEARCH REPORT 2009 PHotonics Heterojunction Photoconductors for chemical Detection Summary: of a fluorescent polymer-chemical...
Graphene Signal Amplification for Sensitive and Real-Time Fluorescence Anisotropy Detection of Small Molecules
Tan, Weihong
Graphene Signal Amplification for Sensitive and Real-Time Fluorescence Anisotropy Detection graphene oxide (GO) as the signal amplifier. Because of the extraordinarily larger volume of GO
E-Print Network 3.0 - atomic fluorescence determination Sample...
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laboratory investigations of the blue-fluorescence spectrum in algal suspensions of Chlorella Source: Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky Universitt - Institut fr Physik, Marine...
E-Print Network 3.0 - air fluorescence measurements Sample Search...
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University Collection: Biology and Medicine ; Environmental Sciences and Ecology 77 Sensors and Actuators B 108 (2005) 9931000 Miniaturized fluorescence detection system to...
Volume 20. number 3 FEBS LETTERS February 1972 FLUORESCENCE AND DELAYED LIGHT EMISSION IN
: dichloroplenol indophenol; DLE: delayed light emission; NADP+: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; PDA (DLE) that of Jursinic and Govindjee [4]. For mea- surements of the recovery of fluorescence transients
EA-1881: Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Fluorescent Lamp Ballasts
Broader source: Energy.gov [DOE]
This EA evaluates the environmental impacts of a proposal to amend energy conservation standards for various consumer products and certain commercial and industrial equipment, including fluorescent lamp ballasts.
Fluorescent properties of c-type cytochromes reveal their potential role as an extracytoplasmic electron
Lovley, Derek
via fluorescence microscopy, and the cyto- chromes in a G. sulfurreducens biofilm, remotely excited communities have indi- cated that Geobacter species are the predominant metal-reducing microorganisms
E-Print Network 3.0 - atomic fluorescence spectrometric Sample...
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of Selenium by Fluorescence Spectrometry Summary: MATERIALS 129 5. Ihnat. M.. Atomic absorption spectrometric determination of selenium with carbon furnace... I...
Fluorescence-based detection methodologies for nitric oxide using transition metal scaffolds
Hilderbrand, Scott A. (Scott Alan), 1976-
Chapter 1. Fluorescence-Based Detection Methodologies for Nitric Oxide: A Review. Chapter 2. Cobalt Chemistry with Mixed Aminotroponimine Salicylaldimine Ligands: Synthesis, Characterization, and Nitric Oxide Reactivity. ...
Fluorescence spectrum analysis using Fourier series modeling for Fluorescein solution in Ethanol
Hadi, Mahasin F
We have measured the fluorescence spectrum for fluorescein solution in ethanol with concentration 1 {\\times} 10-3 mol/liter at different temperatures from room temperature to freezing point of solvent, (T = 153, 183, 223, 253, and 303 K) using liquid nitrogen. Table curve 2D version 5.01 program has been used to determine the fitting curve and fitting equation for each fluorescence spectrum. Fourier series (3 {\\times} 2) was the most suitable fitting equation for all spectra. Theoretical fluorescence spectrum of fluorescein in ethanol at T = 183K was calculated and compared with experimental fluorescence spectrum at the same temperature. There is a good similarity between them.
High power light emitting diode based setup for photobleaching fluorescent impurities
Kaufman, Laura
High power light emitting diode based setup for photobleaching fluorescent impurities Tobias K be photobleached before final sample preparation. The instrument consists of high power light emitting diodes
Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence to Measure Plutonium Mass in Spent Nuclear Fuel
Ludewigt, Bernhard A
and Nuclear Recoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 Quantitative Measurements using NRF 2.1 Nuclear ResonanceFuture Work A Transmission Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence
Capillary electrophoresis-fluorescence line narrowing system (CE-FLNS) for on-line structural characterization
Jankowiak, R.J.; Small, G.J.; Shields, P.A.
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is interfaced with low temperature fluorescence line-narrowing (FLN) spectroscopy for on-line structural characterization of separated molecular analytes. 21 figs.
Protein- protein interaction detection system using fluorescent protein microdomains
Waldo, Geoffrey S. (Santa Fe, NM); Cabantous, Stephanie (Los Alamos, NM)
The invention provides a protein labeling and interaction detection system based on engineered fragments of fluorescent and chromophoric proteins that require fused interacting polypeptides to drive the association of the fragments, and further are soluble and stable, and do not change the solubility of polypeptides to which they are fused. In one embodiment, a test protein X is fused to a sixteen amino acid fragment of GFP (.beta.-strand 10, amino acids 198-214), engineered to not perturb fusion protein solubility. A second test protein Y is fused to a sixteen amino acid fragment of GFP (.beta.-strand 11, amino acids 215-230), engineered to not perturb fusion protein solubility. When X and Y interact, they bring the GFP strands into proximity, and are detected by complementation with a third GFP fragment consisting of GFP amino acids 1-198 (strands 1-9). When GFP strands 10 and 11 are held together by interaction of protein X and Y, they spontaneous association with GFP strands 1-9, resulting in structural complementation, folding, and concomitant GFP fluorescence.
Red phosphors for use in high CRI fluorescent lamps
Srivastava, Alok; Comanzo, Holly; Manivannan, Vankatesan; Setlur, Anant Achyut
Novel red emitting phosphors for use in fluorescent lamps resulting in superior color rendering index values compared to conventional red phosphors. Also disclosed is a fluorescent lamp including a phosphor layer comprising blends of one or more of a blue phosphor, a blue-green phosphor, a green phosphor and a red a phosphor selected from the group consisting of SrY.sub.2 O.sub.4 :Eu.sup.3+, (Y,Gd)Al.sub.3 B.sub.4 O.sub.12 :Eu.sup.3+, and [(Y.sub.1-x-y-m La.sub.y)Gd.sub.x ]BO.sub.3 :Eu.sub.m wherein y<0.50 and m=0.001-0.3. The phosphor layer can optionally include an additional deep red phosphor and a yellow emitting phosphor. The resulting lamp will exhibit a white light having a color rendering index of 90 or higher with a correlated color temperature of from 2500 to 10000 Kelvin. The use of the disclosed red phosphors in phosphor blends of lamps results in high CRI light sources with increased stability and acceptable lumen maintenance over the course of the lamp life.
Cerenkov emission induced by external beam radiation stimulates molecular fluorescence
Axelsson, Johan; Davis, Scott C.; Gladstone, David J.; Pogue, Brian W. [Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755 (United States); Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03766 (United States); Thayer School of Engineering and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755 (United States)
Purpose: Cerenkov emission is induced when a charged particle moves faster than the speed of light in a given medium. Both x-ray photons and electrons produce optical Cerenkov photons in everyday radiation therapy of tissue; yet, this phenomenon has never been fully documented. This study quantifies the emissions and also demonstrates that the Cerenkov emission can excite a fluorophore, protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), embedded in biological phantoms. Methods: In this study, Cerenkov emission induced by radiation from a clinical linear accelerator is investigated. Biological mimicking phantoms were irradiated with x-ray photons, with energies of 6 or 18 MV, or electrons at energies 6, 9, 12, 15, or 18 MeV. The Cerenkov emission and the induced molecular fluorescence were detected by a camera or a spectrometer equipped with a fiber optic cable. Results: It is shown that both x-ray photons and electrons, at MeV energies, produce optical Cerenkov photons in tissue mimicking media. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the Cerenkov emission can excite a fluorophore, protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), embedded in biological phantoms. Conclusions: The results here indicate that molecular fluorescence monitoring during external beam radiotherapy is possible.
Synthesis and luminescence properties of rare earth activated phosphors for near UV-emitting LEDs for efficacious generation of white light
Han, Jinkyu
lighting using incandescent lights and fluorescent lamps, asenergy used for the incandescent lamp is wasted as infraredsource to replace incandescent and fluorescent lighting [2].
Nucleic acid encoding a self-assembling split-fluorescent protein system
Waldo, Geoffrey S. (Santa Fe, NM); Cabantous, Stephanie (Los Alamos, NM)
The invention provides a protein labeling and detection system based on self-complementing fragments of fluorescent and chromophoric proteins. The system of the invention is exemplified with various combinations of self-complementing fragments derived from Aequorea victoria Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP), which are used to detect and quantify protein solubility in multiple assay formats, both in vitro and in vivo.
Nucleic acid encoding a self-assembling split-fluorescent protein system
Waldo, Geoffrey S; Cabantous, Stephanie
The invention provides a protein labeling and detection system based on self-complementing fragments of fluorescent and chromophoric proteins. The system of the invention is exemplified with various combinations of self-complementing fragments derived from Aequorea victoria Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP), which are used to detect and quantify protein solubility in multiple assay formats, both in vitro and in vivo.
Fluorescence Assay 2. http://www.tgrbio.com/cancer-cell-lines-primary-cell-
Collins, Gary S.
hazardous waste. Fluorescence microscopy is a powerful tool with a broad scope of applications easily fluorescence microscopy. In creating an innovative protocol for the 5-HT3a receptor, it is necessary-HT3a Expression Purification/Characterization While creating a protocol for protein expression
Improving the photostability of bright monomeric orange and red fluorescent proteins
Tsien, Roger Y.
Improving the photostability of bright monomeric orange and red fluorescent proteins Nathan C illumination. Although fluorescent proteins typically bleach at a substantially slower rate than many small-molecule dyes, in many cases the lack of sufficient photostability remains an important limiting factor
FLUORESCENCE CHANGES IN PORPHYRIDIUM EXPOSED TO GREEN LIGHT OF DIFFERENT INTENSITY: A NEW EMISSION supposed to require two light reactions for the transfer of one hydrogen atom from water to carbon dioxide the existence of this second trap. With increase in intensity of green light, I,, the differential fluorescence
NOVEL Al2O3:C,Mg FLUORESCENT NUCLEAR TRACK DETECTORS FOR PASSIVE NEUTRON DOSIMETRY
NOVEL Al2O3:C,Mg FLUORESCENT NUCLEAR TRACK DETECTORS FOR PASSIVE NEUTRON DOSIMETRY G. Jeff Sykora1 in the development of a fluorescent nuclear track detector (FNTD) for neutron and heavy charged particle dosimetry for neutron dosimetry because they have 100% n/g dis- crimination. For instance, CR-39 plastic nuclear track
Micro-Raman Spectroscopy of Algae: Composition Analysis and Fluorescence Background Behavior
ARTICLE Micro-Raman Spectroscopy of Algae: Composition Analysis and Fluorescence Background performed using Stokes Raman scattering for compositional analysis of algae. Two algal species, Chlorella while acquiring Raman signals from the algae. The time dependence of fluorescence background is char
Comparison of Pollen Transfer Dynamics by Multiple Floral Visitors: Experiments with Pollen and Fluorescent Dye
Irwin, Rebecca E.
and Fluorescent Dye LYNN S. ADLER1,2, * and REBECCA E. IRWIN3,4 1 Division of Entomology, Department of Plant, and the utility of fluorescent dye powder as an analogue for pollen transfer was determined. Key Results Xylocopa pollen, even when visiting legitimately. Dye particles were strongly correlated with pollen grains
60.1 / A. Muravsky 60.1: Optical Rewritable Electronic Paper with Fluorescent Dye
60.1 / A. Muravsky 60.1: Optical Rewritable Electronic Paper with Fluorescent Dye Doped Liquid-paper by doping LC with fluorescent dye, which absorb blue light & emit in green with high efficiency. 1 was suggested before by every known photoalignment mechanisms, such as: photo-crosslinking [4], azo-dye
Far-Red Fluorescent Protein Excitable with Red Lasers for Flow Cytometry and Superresolution STED Nanoscopy
Verkhusha, Vladislav V.
Far-Red Fluorescent Protein Excitable with Red Lasers for Flow Cytometry and Superresolution STED Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut ABSTRACT Far-red fluorescent proteins are required for deep-tissue and whole-animal imaging and multicolor labeling in the red wavelength range
Red-emitting fluorescent Organic Light emitting Diodes with low sensitivity to self-quenching
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
Red-emitting fluorescent Organic Light emitting Diodes with low sensitivity to self-quenching S, France *E-mail : firstname.lastname@example.com Keywords: OLED, quenching, doping, red-emitting organic. We herein report on Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (OLEDs) based on a fluorescent amorphous red
Characterising nutrient-induced fluorescence transients (NIFTs) in nitrogen-stressed Chlorella emersonii (Chlorophyta)
McCarthy, T.K.
Characterising nutrient-induced fluorescence transients (NIFTs) in nitrogen-stressed Chlorella nutrient- induced fluorescence transients (NIFTs) in nitrogen-stressed Chlorella emersonii (Chlorophyta-starvation in batch cultures of the freshwater chlorophyte Chlorella emersonii was followed and the NIFT responses
A Behavioral SPICE Compatible Model of an Electrodeless Fluorescent Lamp Sam Ben-Yaakov*1
to the plasma. In the case of the lamp with electrodes, coupling is via wires. In the case of the electrodelessA Behavioral SPICE Compatible Model of an Electrodeless Fluorescent Lamp Sam Ben-Yaakov*1 , Moshe, SPICE compatible, model was developed for an electrodeless fluorescent lamp (OSRAM SYLVANIA ICETRON
Structure-Dependent Fluorescence Efficiencies of Individual Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Boyer, Edmond
1 Structure-Dependent Fluorescence Efficiencies of Individual Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Dmitri, F-33405 France AUTHOR EMAIL ADDRESS: firstname.lastname@example.com RECEIVED DATE #12;2 ABSTRACT: Single-nanotube fluorimetric intensities. KEYWORDS: SWNT, carbon nanotubes, fluorescence, microscopy, spectroscopy, emission
Matrix-Induced Intensity Fluctuations in the Fluorescence from Single Oligo(phenylenevinylene) Molecules
Buratto, Steve
trajectories, spectral shape and position, and fluorescence lifetimes can be used to investigate the chemical and theoretical reports have demonstrated how a fluctuating dielectric nanoenvironment surrounding a polarizable factors on molecular conforma- tion.15,16 In all of these studies, the fluorescent probe molecule is used
[16) Green Fluorescent Protein Chimeras to Probe Protein-Protein Interactions
Raines, Ronald T.
[16) Green Fluorescent Protein Chimeras to Probe Protein-Protein Interactions By SANG-HYUN PARK of reproduction in any form reserved. 0076-6879/00 $30.00 #12;252 A B OTHER APPROACHES USING CHIMERAS c ~S65T GFPHDII M 66 .......... 4S,.!;. 31 ui' 14 ..... [lB) FIG. 1. Green fluorescent protein chimera. (A
Arrays and Cascades of Fluorescent Liquid-Liquid Waveguides: Broadband Light Sources for
Prentiss, Mara
Arrays and Cascades of Fluorescent Liquid-Liquid Waveguides: Broadband Light Sources) microchannel waveguides with liquid cores containing fluorescent dyes, excited by incident light from an external halogen bulb. Simultaneous use of multiple fluorophores in a common solution, in a single L2 light
Volume 57, number 3 FEBS LETTERS October 1975 INTERACTIONS OF FLUORESCENT ANALOGS OF ADENINE NUCLEOTIDES
NUCLEOTIDES WITH COUPLING FACTOR PROTEIN ISOLATED FROM SPINACH CHLOROPLASTS David L. VANDERMEULEN by Farron [ 151, was used in determining its molarity. The fluorescent nucleotides 1,N6ethenoadenosine mono fluorescent nucleotides (mol. wt. G600) bind to the relatively large (mol. wt. = 325 000), slowly rotating CFI
Photocleavable fluorescent nucleotides for DNA sequencing on a chip constructed by site-specific
Church, George M.
Photocleavable fluorescent nucleotides for DNA sequencing on a chip constructed by site sequencing by synthesis using photocleav- able (PC) fluorescent nucleotides [dUTP-PC-4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3 ,4 nucleotides to identify 7 bases in the DNA template. These results demonstrate that the PC nucleotide
FISH and Chips: Automation of Fluorescent Dot Counting in Interphase Cell Nuclei
van Vliet, Lucas J.
) in each cell nucleus. This system works with two fluorescent dyes, one for the DNA hybridization dotsFISH and Chips: Automation of Fluorescent Dot Counting in Interphase Cell Nuclei Hans Netten,1 Ian abnormalities in inter- phase cell nuclei. This process is called dot counting. To estimate the distribution
Directed evolution methods for improving polypeptide folding and solubility and superfolder fluorescent proteins generated thereby
Waldo, Geoffrey S. (Santa Fe, NM)
The current invention provides methods of improving folding of polypeptides using a poorly folding domain as a component of a fusion protein comprising the poorly folding domain and a polypeptide of interest to be improved. The invention also provides novel green fluorescent proteins (GFPs) and red fluorescent proteins that have enhanced folding properties.
Near-Infrared Fluorescent pH-Sensitive Probes via Unexpected Barbituric Acid
Larson-Prior, Linda
Near-Infrared Fluorescent pH-Sensitive Probes via Unexpected Barbituric Acid Mediated Synthesis firstname.lastname@example.com Received October 13, 2008 ABSTRACT Novel near-infrared pyrimidine-fused p by 2D-NMR. All new compounds are highly fluorescent in the near-infrared region and possess excellent
Targeting Beta-3 Integrin Using a Linear Hexapeptide Labeled with a Near-Infrared Fluorescent Molecular
Larson-Prior, Linda
Targeting Beta-3 Integrin Using a Linear Hexapeptide Labeled with a Near-Infrared Fluorescent-peptides labeled with a near-infrared fluorescent probe (cypate) showed that rearranging the glycine in a linear, and physiopathologic processes mediated by this protein. Keywords: Integrin; cancer; near-infrared; imaging; molecular
Classification with Artificial Neural Networks and Support Vector Machines: application to oil fluorescence spectra
Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky Universität
(WQI), and to signal predictions in a nuclear power plant (Kim WJ, S H Chang & B H Lee 1993). They haveClassification with Artificial Neural Networks and Support Vector Machines: application to oil, and Oil fluorescence ABSTRACT: This paper reports on oil classification with fluorescence spectroscopy
Performance dependence of hybrid x-ray computed tomography/fluorescence molecular
Miller, Eric
Performance dependence of hybrid x-ray computed tomography/fluorescence molecular tomography imaging systems combining x-ray computed tomography (CT) and fluorescence tomography can im- prove Ntziachristos2 1 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave
Optical fiber-based fluorescent viscosity sensor Mark A. Haidekker and Walter J. Akers
Theodorakis, Emmanuel
Optical fiber-based fluorescent viscosity sensor Mark A. Haidekker and Walter J. Akers Department bound to a fiber-optic tip without loss of viscosity sensi- tivity. The optical fiber itself may be used to molecular rotors in solution. An optical fiber-based fluorescent vis- cosity sensor may be used in real
Demonstration of Fluorescent RGB Electrowetting Devices for Light Wave Coupling Displays
Steckl, Andrew J.
and wasted, instead of recycling the light for use at pixels in the ON state. We present the demonstration-degrade the organic fluorescent oils. Violet light sources include custom developed cold-cathode- fluorescent lamps of a traditional diffuse backlight because (as will be discussed later) it allows for the advantage of recycling
X-ray Fluorescence Measurements of Manganese in Petroglyphs and Graffiti in the Bluff, Utah Area
X-ray Fluorescence Measurements of Manganese in Petroglyphs and Graffiti in the Bluff, Utah Area the age of rock art using Mn levels, Lytle (2008). In this work we use x-ray fluorescence (XRF) to measure of methods including atomic mass spectroscopy (AMS) measurements of 14 C, Particle-induced X-ray Excitation
E-Print Network 3.0 - anti-irritants ii efficacy Sample Search...
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mailbox in the facultystaff mailbox area in front of the elevator at the college. Student Self-Efficacy... this form at the end of the semester for SocW 570 Field Instruction...
Structured communication: effects on teaching efficacy of student teachers and student teacher - cooperating teacher relationships
Edgar, Don Wayne
Teaching efficacy beliefs of agricultural science student teachers, and their relationship with their cooperating teachers during field experiences, are variables that may affect the number of student teachers entering the profession. The purpose...
Efficacy of Misuse Detection in Adhoc Networks Dhanant Subhadrabandhu, Saswati Sarkar, and Farooq Anjum
Sarkar, Saswati
1 Efficacy of Misuse Detection in Adhoc Networks Dhanant Subhadrabandhu, Saswati Sarkar, and Farooq. Subhadrabandhu and S. Sarkar are at the department of Electrical and Systems Engineering at the University
Fluorescent Functionalized Mesoporous Silica for Radioactive Material Extraction
Li, Juan; Zhu, Kake; Shang, Jianying; Wang, Donghai; Nie, Zimin; Guo, Ruisong; Liu, Chongxuan; Wang, Zheming; Li, Xiaolin; Liu, Jun
Mesoporous silica with covalently bound salicylic acid molecules incorporated in the structure was synthesized with a one-pot, co-condensation reaction at room temperature. The as-synthesized material has a large surface area, uniform particle size, and an ordered pore structure as determined by characterization with transmission electron microscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, and infrared spectra, etc. Using the strong fluorescence and metal coordination capability of salicylic acid, functionalized mesoporous silica (FMS) was developed to track and extract radionuclide contaminants, such as uranyl [U(VI)] ions encountered in subsurface environments. Adsorption measurements showed a strong affinity of the FMS toward U(VI) with a Kd value of 105 mL/g, which is four orders of magnitude higher than the adsorption of U(VI) onto most of the sediments in natural environments. The new materials have a potential for synergistic environmental monitoring and remediation of the radionuclide U(VI) from contaminated subsurface environments.
Electronic starter device for fluorescent lamps. Final report
Due to silicon supplier failures to produce the 03/04 triac silicon as specified in the original proposal, the direction of the starter program was migrated to use available off the shelf power semiconductors. This had unexpected positive side effects including a reduction in component price, improved quality, and the refocus of engineering efforts to concentrate on the Super ASIC core technology. The starter program has begun shipments employing this new architecture, and is being well received both in the US and abroad. In its present form, the starter meets original cost projections within 20%. Work is continuing on the 0.8 micron ASIC, which will allow for the starter to sell below $1.00 in volume. Even at the slightly higher price, interest is strong in replacing the low performance glow starter for small fluorescent applications with a high performance alternative.
Conjugated polymer fluorescence: Interplay of correlations and alternation
Soos, Z.G. [Princeton Univ., NJ (United States). Dept. of Chemistry; Galvao, D.S. [Bell Communications Research, Inc., Red Bank, NJ (United States)]|[Universidade Estadual de Campinas, SP (Brazil). Dept. de Fisica Aplicada; Etemad, S. [Bell Communications Research, Inc., Red Bank, NJ (United States); Kepler, R.G. [Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States)
Conjugated polymers can have high conductivity on doping, large nonlinear optical response in semiconducting state, and be used as LEDs. These polymers include polyactylene, polydiacetylenes, polysilanes, polythiophene, poly-p-phenylenevinylene. Polymer fluorescence is related to the lowest singlet excited state S{sub 1}. Polymer and oligomer data are shown for the excitation energy ratio of the two-photon and one-photon gaps. There is a ratio crossover with increasing e-e correlations in any centrosymmetri chain with an insulating ground state. The {pi}-conjugated polymers present various band gaps at constant correlations, and single-particle gaps can be related to the structure. The nature of the lowest singlet excited state depends sensitively on both correlations and alternation. 22 refs, 2 figs.
Improving the delivery and efficacy of molecular medicine via extracellular matrix modulation : insights from intravital microscopy
McKee, Trevor David
The extracellular matrix of tumors is a major barrier to the delivery of molecular medicine. We used fluorescence recovery after photobleaching combined with intravital microscopy to quantitate the transport properties of ...
Algorithms for Fluorescence Lifetime Microscopy and Optical Coherence Tomography Data Analysis: Applications for Diagnosis of Atherosclerosis and Oral Cancer
Pande, Paritosh
imaging (FLIM) with optical coherence tomography (OCT), for the diagnosis of atherosclerosis and oral cancer. FLIM is a fluorescence imaging technique that is capable of providing information about auto fluorescent tissue biomolecules. OCT on the other...
Application of a ratiometric laser induced fluorescence (LIF) thermometry for micro-scale temperature measurement for natural convection flows
Lee, Heon Ju
A ratiometric laser induced fluorescence (LIF) thermometry applied to micro-scale temperature measurement for natural convection flows. To eliminate incident light non-uniformity and imperfection of recording device, two fluorescence dyes are used...
Cyanine-based probe\\tag-peptide pair for fluorescence protein imaging and fluorescence protein imaging methods
Mayer-Cumblidge, M. Uljana (Richland, WA); Cao, Haishi (Richland, WA)
A molecular probe comprises two arsenic atoms and at least one cyanine based moiety. A method of producing a molecular probe includes providing a molecule having a first formula, treating the molecule with HgOAc, and subsequently transmetallizing with AsCl.sub.3. The As is liganded to ethanedithiol to produce a probe having a second formula. A method of labeling a peptide includes providing a peptide comprising a tag sequence and contacting the peptide with a biarsenical molecular probe. A complex is formed comprising the tag sequence and the molecular probe. A method of studying a peptide includes providing a mixture containing a peptide comprising a peptide tag sequence, adding a biarsenical probe to the mixture, and monitoring the fluorescence of the mixture.
Comment on ``Resonance-fluorescence and absorption spectra of a two-level atom driven by a strong bichromatic field''
Boyd, Robert W.
Comment on ``Resonance-fluorescence and absorption spectra of a two-level atom driven by a strong predictions of the resonance fluorescence from a two-level atom driven by a strong bichromatic field J. Opt.50.Hz, 33.50.Dq, 32.80. t In studying the resonance fluorescence from a driven two- level atom, we
Improved model for the analysis of air fluorescence induced by electrons
F. Arqueros; F. Blanco; J. Rosado
A model recently proposed for the calculation of air-fluorescence yield excited by electrons is revisited. Improved energy distributions of secondary electrons and a more realistic Monte Carlo simulation including some additional processes have allowed us to obtain more accurate results. The model is used to study in detail the relationship between fluorescence intensity and deposited energy in a wide range of primary energy (keVs - GeVs). In addition, predictions on the absolute value of the fluorescence efficiency in the absence of collisional quenching will be presented and compared with available experimental data.
On-site demonstration procedure for solid-state fluorescent ballast
Verderber, R.; Morse, O.
The report was presented to plant engineers and managers who were involved in an on-site demonstration of EETech solid-state ballasts for two 40-watt T12 fluorescent lamps. The report includes a brief review of the operating principles of solid-state fluorescent ballasts and the status of development achieved during the LBL program. The remainder of the test describes the techniques of managing and instrumenting a test area for assessing the performance of solid-state fluorescent ballasts at an occupied site.
The effects of supply harmonics on the performance of compact fluorescent lamps
Arseneau, R.; Ouellette, M.
This paper describes a performance evaluation of ten compact fluorescent lighting systems operated with sinusoidal and distorted voltage waveform conditions. The lamps were either provided with an electronic ballast, a magnetic core ballast or a magnetic core ballast with a power factor correction circuit. The test results show that the electrical performance of the compact fluorescent lamps for both sinusoidal and distorted voltage waveform operation is related to the different types of ballast used. The cost of operation of these compact fluorescent lamps was calculated and compared to the cost of a conventional 60 W incandescent lamp.
Airborne laser induced fluorescence imaging. Innovative technology summary report
Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LIF) was demonstration as part of the Fernald Environmental Management Project (FEMP) Plant 1 Large Scale Demonstration and Deployment Project (LSDDP) sponsored by the US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science and Technology, Deactivation and Decommissioning Focus Area located at the Federal Energy Technology Center (FETC) in Morgantown, West Virginia. The demonstration took place on November 19, 1996. In order to allow the contaminated buildings undergoing deactivation and decommissioning (D and D) to be opened to the atmosphere, radiological surveys of floors, walls and ceilings must take place. After successful completion of the radiological clearance survey, demolition of the building can continue. Currently, this process is performed by collecting and analyzing swipe samples for radiological analysis. Two methods are used to analyze the swipe samples: hand-held frisker and laboratory analysis. For the purpose of this demonstration, the least expensive method, swipe samples analyzed by hand-held frisker, is the baseline technology. The objective of the technology demonstration was to determine if the baseline technology could be replaced using LIF.
Diagnostic Implications of the Reactivity of Fluorescence Tracers
Sick, V; Westbrook, C
Measurements of fuel concentration distributions with planar laser induced fluorescence of tracer molecules that are added to a base fuel are commonly used in combustion research and development. It usually is assumed that the tracer concentration follows the parent fuel concentration if physical properties such as those determining evaporation are matched. As an example to address this general issue a computational study of combustion of biacetyl/iso-octane mixtures was performed to investigate how well the concentration of biacetyl represents the concentration of iso-octane. For premixed mixture conditions with flame propagation the spatial concentration profiles of the two species in the flame front are separated by 110 {micro}m at 1 bar and by 11 {micro}m at 10 bar. For practical applications this spatial separation is insignificantly small. However, for conditions that mimic ignition and combustion in diesel and HCCI-like operation the differences in tracer and fuel concentration can be significant, exceeding hundreds of percent. At low initial temperature biacetyl was found to be more stable whereas at higher temperature (>1000K) iso-octane is more stable. Similar findings were obtained for a multi-component fuel comprised of iso-octane, n-heptane, methylcyclohexane, and toluene. It may be assumed that similar differences can exist for other tracer/fuel combinations. Caution has therefore to be applied when interpreting PLIF measurements in homogeneous reaction conditions such as in HCCI engine studies.
Fluorescence from a quantum dot and metallic nanosphere hybrid system
Schindel, Daniel G. [Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Winnipeg, 515 Portage Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3B 2E9 (Canada); Singh, Mahi R. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, N6A 3K7 (Canada)
We present energy absorption and interference in a quantum dot-metallic nanosphere system embedded on a dielectric substrate. A control field is applied to induce dipole moments in the nanosphere and the quantum dot, and a probe field is applied to monitor absorption. Dipole moments in the quantum dot or the metal nanosphere are induced, both by the external fields and by each other's dipole fields. Thus, in addition to direct polarization, the metal nanosphere and the quantum dot will sense one another via the dipole-dipole interaction. The density matrix method was used to show that the absorption spectrum can be split from one peak to two peaks by the control field, and this can also be done by placing the metal sphere close to the quantum dot. When the two are extremely close together, a self-interaction in the quantum dot produces an asymmetry in the absorption peaks. In addition, the fluorescence efficiency can be quenched by the addition of a metal nanosphere. This hybrid system could be used to create ultra-fast switching and sensing nanodevices.
Fluorescence of curium(III) in solutions of isopoly- and heteropolytungstates
Yusov, A.B.; Fedoseev, A.M.; Spitsyn, V.I.; Krot, N.N.
The authors describe the fluorescence of polytungstate complexes of curium (the term polytungstate complexes connotes both curium decatungstate and curium complexes with heteropolytungstate anions). The emitter is the curium(III) ion, which is excited as a result of energy transfer with the ligand. The data obtained permit a supplementation of the picture of the mutual interaction of the spectral and chemical properties of the f-elements with their ability to fluoresce in polytungstate complexes (there is only individual information on this question, pertaining only to the fluorescence of the lanthanides, chiefly Eu, Tb, Sm, and Dy). The fluorescence of curium(III) has also been used as a method of studying its complex formation with heteropolytungstate anions.
Non-invasive detection of oral cancer using reflectance and fluorescence spectroscopy
McGee, Sasha Alanda
In vivo reflectance and fluorescence spectra were collected from patients with oral lesions, as well as healthy volunteers, in order to evaluate the potential of spectroscopy to serve as a non-invasive tool for the detection ...
Turn-on fluorescent probes for detecting nitric oxide in biology
McQuade, Lindsey Elizabeth, 1981-
Chapter 1. Investigating the Biological Roles of Nitric Oxide and Other Reactive Nitrogen Species Using Fluorescent Probes: This chapter presents an overview of recent progress in the field of reactive nitrogen species ...
Measurement and model assessment of fluorescence lifetime sensing in multiply scattering media
Kuwana, Eddy
fluorescent dyes, 3,3-diethylthiatricarbocyanine iodide (DTTCI) and Indocynanine Green (ICG), which exhibit distinctly different lifetimes and each exhibits single-exponential decay kinetics, were employed. Measurements of phase-modulation as a function...
Development of a radiative transport based, fluorescence-enhanced, frequency-domain small animal imaging system
Rasmussen, John C.
% intralipid solutions. Through collaboration with Transpire, Inc., a fluorescence-enhanced, frequency-domain, radiative transport equation (RTE) solver was developed. This solver incorporates the discrete ordinates, source iteration with diffusion synthetic...
Metal-based turn-on fluorescent probes for nitric oxide sensing
Lim, Mi Hee
Chapter 1. Metal-Based Turn-On Fluorescent Probes for Sensing Nitric Oxide. Nitric oxide, a reactive free radical, regulates a variety of biological processes. The absence of tools to detect NO directly, rapidly, specifically ...
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Fluorescent Injectable Micro-Carriers for Tissue Regeneration
Arora, Akshi
Specific problem: Our previous study showed that the nanofibrous poly-l-lactic acid (NF-PLLA) microspheres are excellent cell carriers for tissue regeneration. However, these injectable microspheres are not fluorescent biomaterials. Incorporation...
Quantitative microscopic spectral fluorescence measurement of crude oil, bitumen, kerogen, and coal
Mukhopadhyay, P.K.; Rullkoetter, J.
Ten samples each of black shale (kerogen and bitumen fractions) from Lias epsilon, coal from Western Canada and nine crude oil and condensate samples from Alaska and northern Germany have been studied using quantitative microscopic spectral fluorescence. The parameters used are lambda/sub max/, red/green quotient (Q), and alteration of fluorescence emission intensity under UV excitation. Using the same parameters, the data show that kerogen and crude oil have opposite maturation trends. Autochthonous bitumens include both kerogen and crude oil characters. Immature, biodegraded, or normal crude oil of different maturity can be characterized using these parameters. Quantitative spectral fluorescence microscopy yields more accurate maturation parameters for the Type I and II kerogens than vitrinite reflectance because the fluorescence of liptinites are used (i.e., the main oil-generating macerals). This method may become the most suitable inexpensive scanning technique for the characterization of crude oil, condensate, and autochthonous/allochthonous source rock bitumens.
An improved understanding of fluorescent Zn(II) sensors and their uses in biological settings
Wong, Brian Alexander
Chapter 1. An Introduction to Fluorescent Zn(II) Sensors and Their Applications in Biological Systems This chapter opens with an overview of the numerous roles of zinc in biology, with an emphasis on labile Zn(II), that ...
In vivo biosensing via tissue-localizable near-infrared-fluorescent single-walled carbon nanotubes
Iverson, Nicole M.
Single-walled carbon nanotubes are particularly attractive for biomedical applications, because they exhibit a fluorescent signal in a spectral region where there is minimal interference from biological media. Although ...
Real-Time Measurements of Actin Filament Polymerization by Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy
Real-Time Measurements of Actin Filament Polymerization by Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence polymerization and its regulation by associated proteins requires an assay to monitor polymerization dynamics nucleotide. INTRODUCTION Actin polymerization contributes to many cellular processes under the control
Computational image analysis of subcellular dynamics in time-lapse fluorescence microscopy
Huang, Austin V., 1980-
The use of image segmentation and motion tracking algorithms was adapted for analyzing time-lapse data of cells with fluorescently labeled protein. Performance metrics were devised and algorithm parameters were matched to ...
Computational Prediction of Absorbance Maxima for a Structurally Diverse Series of Engineered Green Fluorescent Protein Chromophores
Campbell, Robert E.
Fluorescent Protein Chromophores Qadir K. Timerghazin, Haley J. Carlson, Chen Liang, Robert E. Campbell,* and Alex Brown* UniVersity of Alberta, Department of Chemistry, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada Recei
A parallel adaptive finite element simplified spherical harmonics approximation solver for frequency domain fluorescence molecular imaging
Virginia Tech
fluorescence molecular imaging Yujie Lu1 , Banghe Zhu1 , Haiou Shen2 , John C Rasmussen1 , Ge Wang2 and Eva M of the domain at excitation and emission wavelengths xf a absorption coefficient of the fluorophore cb light
E-Print Network 3.0 - anomalous negative fluorescence Sample...
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5 Effect of pH on Aqueous Phenylalanine Studied Using a 265-nm Pulsed Light-emitting Diode Summary: , and approximately 12-nm bandwidth. The LED enables the fluorescence...
E-Print Network 3.0 - anomalous x-ray fluorescence Sample Search...
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in the emission of a fluorescent X-ray. As a rule of thumb 15... Optimization of X-ray energy resolution from a horizontally focused ... Source: Hendrickson, Wayne A. -...
Supervised Machine Learning Algorithms for Early Detection of Oral Epithelial Cancer Using Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy
Lee, Joohyung
In this study, the clinical potential of the endogenous multispectral Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) was investigated to objectively detect oral cancer. To this end, in vivo FLIM imaging was performed on a hamster cheek pouch model...
Optimization of Two-photon Excited Fluorescence Enhancement between Tunable and Broadband Femtosecond Laser Pulse Excitations
Wang, Chao
-beam expanding and focusing, and compound-lens for efficient fluorescence collection with good spectral resolution, ensures accurate TPEF measurements. Differentiated TPEF enhancements of Indo-1 (1.6), FITC (6.7), and TRITC (5.2) proportionally agree...
LED-Induced Fluorescence System for Tea Classification and Quality Assessment
Dong, Yongjiang; Mei, Liang; Feng, Chao; Yan, Chunsheng; He, Sailing
A fluorescence system is developed by using several light emitting diodes (LEDs) with different wavelengths as excitation light sources. The fluorescence detection head consists of multi LED light sources and a multimode fiber for fluorescence collection, where the LEDs and the corresponding filters can be easily chosen to get appropriate excitation wavelengths for different applications. By analyzing fluorescence spectra with the principal component analysis method, the system is utilized in the classification of four types of green tea beverages and two types of black tea beverages. Qualities of the Xihu Longjing tea leaves of different grades, as well as the corresponding liquid tea samples, are studied to further investigate the ability and application of the system in the evaluation of classification/quality of tea and other foods.
The Application of Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy to Quantitatively Map Mixing and Temperature in Microfluidic Systems�
Graham, Emmelyn M
The technique of Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (FLIM) has been employed to quantitatively and spatially map the fluid composition and temperature within microfluidic systems. A molecular probe with a ...
Mechanism of the efficient quenching of tryptophan fluorescence in human gamma crystallin
Chen, Jiejin, Ph. D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Quenching of the fluorescence of buried tryptophans (Trps) is an important reporter of protein conformation. Human [gamma]D-crystallin (H[gamma]D-Crys) and human [gamma]S-crystallin (H[gamma]S-Crys) are both very stable ...
Fluorescent Dye Encapsulated ZnO Particles with Cell-specific...
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Dye Encapsulated ZnO Particles with Cell-specific Toxicity for Potential use in Biomedical Applications. Fluorescent Dye Encapsulated ZnO Particles with Cell-specific Toxicity...
Laser induced coal fluorescence. Ninth quarterly technical progress report, October 1-December 31, 1984. [Alginite
Borst, W.L.
The work during this reporting period has included a systematic fluorescence analysis of thirteen New Albany Shale samples of the Illinois basin. Fluorescence spectra obtained by continuous wave (c-w) excitation of 45 alginite macerals were collected for each shale sample. This work is now being continued by collecting the time-resolved data, and preliminary results are reported here. Additional software has been written to simplify the acquisition and manipulation of the time-resolved data. 9 figures, 4 tables.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 371 BBA45950 FLUORESCENCE SPECTRA OF CHLORELLA IN THE 295-77°K RANGE A relation of fluorescence spectra of Chlorella (in the 295-77°K range) to the changes in the phase in the 77-295°K range, is composed of several bands (F7I7 and F725). If Chlorella cells are first cooled
Organic light-emitting device with a phosphor-sensitized fluorescent emission layer
Forrest, Stephen (Ann Arbor, MI); Kanno, Hiroshi (Osaka, JP)
The present invention relates to organic light emitting devices (OLEDs), and more specifically to OLEDS that emit light using a combination of fluorescent emitters and phosphorescent emitters. The emissive region of the devices of the present invention comprise at least one phosphor-sensitized layer which has a combined emission from a phosphorescent emitter and a fluorescent emitter. In preferred embodiments, the invention relates to white-emitting OLEDS (WOLEDs).
On-line measurement of lignin in wood pulp by color shift of fluorescence
Jeffers, L.A.; Malito, M.L.
Lignin concentrations from wood pulp samples are measured by applying an excitation light at a selected wavelength to the samples in order to cause the lignin to emit fluorescence. A spectral distribution of the fluorescence emission is then determined. The lignin concentration is then calculated based on the spectral distribution signal. The spectral distribution is quantified by either a wavelength centroid method or a band ratio method. 6 figs.
On-line measurement of lignin in wood pulp by color shift of fluorescence
Jeffers, Larry A. (Washington Township, Stark County, OH); Malito, Michael L. (Liberty Township, Trumbull County, OH)
Lignin concentrations from wood pulp samples are measured by applying an excitation light at a selected wavelength to the samples in order to cause the lignin to emit fluorescence. A spectral distribution of the fluorescence emission is then determined. The lignin concentration is then calculated based on the spectral distribution signal. The spectral distribution is quantified by either a wavelength centroid method or a band ratio method.
Automation of the Laguerre Expansion Technique for Analysis of Time-resolved Fluorescence Spectroscopy Data
Dabir, Aditi Sandeep
AUTOMATION OF THE LAGUERRE EXPANSION TECHNIQUE FOR ANALYSIS OF TIME-RESOLVED FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY DATA A Thesis by ADITI SANDEEP DABIR Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial... fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE December 2009 Major Subject: Biomedical Engineering AUTOMATION OF THE LAGUERRE EXPANSION TECHNIQUE FOR ANALYSIS OF TIME-RESOLVED FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY DATA A Thesis...
Flow method and apparatus for screening chemicals using micro x-ray fluorescence
Warner, Benjamin P. (Los Alamos, NM); Havrilla, George J. (Los Alamos, NM); Miller, Thomasin C. (Bartlesville, OK); Lewis, Cris (Los Alamos, NM); Mahan, Cynthia A. (Los Alamos, NM); Wells, Cyndi A. (Los Alamos, NM)
Method and apparatus for screening chemicals using micro x-ray fluorescence. A method for screening a mixture of potential pharmaceutical chemicals for binding to at least one target binder involves flow separating a solution of chemicals and target binders into separated components, exposing them to an x-ray excitation beam, detecting x-ray fluorescence signals from the components, and determining from the signals whether or not a binding event between a chemical and target binder has occurred.
Flow method and apparatus for screening chemicals using micro x-ray fluorescence
Warner, Benjamin P. (Los Alamos, NM); Havrilla, George J. (Los Alamos, NM); Miller, Thomasin C. (Bartlesville, OK); Lewis, Cris (Los Alamos, NM); Mahan, Cynthia A. (Los Alamos, NM); Wells, Cyndi A. (Los Alamos, NM)
Method and apparatus for screening chemicals using micro x-ray fluorescence. A method for screening a mixture of potential pharmaceutical chemicals for binding to at least one target binder involves flow-separating a solution of chemicals and target binders into separated components, exposing them to an x-ray excitation beam, detecting x-ray fluorescence signals from the components, and determining from the signals whether or not a binding event between a chemical and target binder has occurred.
N,N,NV,NV-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine initiates the appearance of a well-resolved I peak in the kinetics of chlorophyll fluorescence rise
Carpentier, Robert
fluorescence; Fm (=P)maximum level of chlorophyll fluorescence; Fv (=Fm�?Fo), variable fluorescence; OEC, oxygen-evolving tissues, the initial fluorescence measured with all reaction centers in open state, Fo (O), rises to a peak level, Fm ( = P), observed when all reaction centers are closed, with two intermediate steps J (I1
Stardust Interstellar Preliminary Examination VI: Quantitative elemental analysis by synchrotron X-ray fluorescence nanoimaging of eight impact features in aerogel
Nittler, Larry R.
-ray fluorescence nanoimaging of eight impact features in aerogel Alexandre S. SIMIONOVICI1* , Laurence LEMELLE2
Conservation potential of compact fluorescent lamps in India and Brazil
Gadgil, A.; Martino Jannuzzi, G. de (Lawrence Berkeley Lab., CA (USA); Universidade Estadual de Campinas, SP (Brazil). Faculdade de Engenharia)
We evaluate the conservation potential of compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) for managing the rapidly increasing electrical energy and peak demand in India and Brazil. Using very conservative assumptions, we find that the cost of conserved energy using 16 W CFLs is 4 and 6 times less than the long range marginal cost of electricity for the two countries. The cost of avoided peak installed capacity is 6 and 9.5 times less than the cost of new installed capacity for India and Brazil. The analysis is undertaken from the three separate perspectives of the national economies, the consumers, and the utilities. We find that because residential electricity is subsidized, the consumers have little or no incentive to purchase and install the CFLs, unless they too are subsidized. However, the benefits of CFL installation to the utility are so large that subsidizing them is a paying proposition for the utility are so large that subsidizing them is a paying proposition for the utility in almost all cases. As an illustration of a gradual introduction strategy for CFLs, we calculate a scenario where national savings of the order of US $1.2 million per day for India and US $2.5 million per day for Brazil are reached in 10 years by a small and gradual transfer of subsidy from residential electricity to CFLs. We then explore the barriers to immediate large scale introduction of these lamps in the two countries. Specific technical and marketing problems are identified and discussed, which would require solution before such an introduction can be attempted. Lastly, we discuss the range of policy instruments, in addition to a subsidy scheme, that can be used for promoting the diffusion of these lamps in the domestic and commercial sector. 47 refs., 15 figs., 2 tabs.
Collective efficacy as identified by teachers at Heritage Middle School, East Central Independent School District, San Antonio, Texas
Naumann, Luisa Maria
the students at Heritage Middle School successful. iv The second question studied was, �What is the relationship between selected demographic variables and the perceptions of the teachers regarding collective efficacy at Heritage Middle School, East Central... Based on Ethnicity ............................................................................................. 64 10 Independent Samples t-test of the White and Hispanic Teachers From Heritage Middle School in the Perceived Collective Efficacy Survey...
OBIT DEVELOPMENT MEMO SERIES NO. 21 1 Efficacy of Obit Threading on an EVLA Dataset
Groppi, Christopher
OBIT DEVELOPMENT MEMO SERIES NO. 21 1 Efficacy of Obit Threading on an EVLA Dataset W. D. Cotton, R of the Obit wide bandwidth imager MFImage in realistic tests on an EVLA dataset including multiple iterations://www.cv.nrao.edu/bcotton/Obit.html) to do wide- band imaging of a recent EVLA dataset. This test uses multiple iterations of self
Efficacy-aware Business Process Modeling Matthias Lohrmann and Manfred Reichert
Ulm, Universität
Efficacy-aware Business Process Modeling Matthias Lohrmann and Manfred Reichert Ulm University. In business process design, business objective models can ful- fill the role of formal requirement definitions for progressive appli- cations like automated process optimization. Key words: Business Process Modeling
Comparison of the Efficacy of Popular Weight Loss Programs in Sedentary Overweight Women
Baetge, Claire
This study compared the efficacy of the Curves� Complete 90-day Challenge (CC), Weight Watchers� Points Plus (WW), Jenny Craig� At Home (JC), and Nutrisystem� Advance Select� (NS) on weight loss, body composition and/or markers of health and fitness...
Heat of the Moment: Characterizing the Efficacy of Thermal Camera-Based Attacks
Heat of the Moment: Characterizing the Efficacy of Thermal Camera-Based Attacks Keaton Mowery UC to analyze the data. First, we present code recovery re- sults from human review of our test data set lock on an industrial safe, he found that body heat from the user transferred to the individual keys
Efficacy of Imazapyr and Glyphosate in the Control of Non-Native Phragmites australis
McGlathery, Karen
Efficacy of Imazapyr and Glyphosate in the Control of Non-Native Phragmites australis Thomas J reed (Phragmites australis) has been expanding into previously unoccupied wetland habitats throughout, phragmites, wetlands. Introduction The common reed (Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. Ex Steud.) has been
Hazard analysis of long term viewing of visible laser light off of fluorescent diffuse reflective surfaces (post-it).
Augustoni, Arnold L.
A laser hazard analysis is performed to evaluate if the use of fluorescent diffuse reflectors to view incident laser beams (Coherent Verdi 10W) present a hazard based on the ANSI Standard Z136.1-2000, American National Standard for the Safe Use of Lasers. The use of fluorescent diffuse reflectors in the alignment process does not pose an increased hazard because of the fluorescence at a different wavelength than that of the incident laser.
Method for detecting point mutations in DNA utilizing fluorescence energy transfer
Parkhurst, Lawrence J. (Lincoln, NE); Parkhurst, Kay M. (Lincoln, NE); Middendorf, Lyle (Lincoln, NE)
A method for detecting point mutations in DNA using a fluorescently labeled oligomeric probe and Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is disclosed. The selected probe is initially labeled at each end with a fluorescence dye, which act together as a donor/acceptor pair for FRET. The fluorescence emission from the dyes changes dramatically from the duplex stage, wherein the probe is hybridized to the complementary strand of DNA, to the single strand stage, when the probe is melted to become detached from the DNA. The change in fluorescence is caused by the dyes coming into closer proximity after melting occurs and the probe becomes detached from the DNA strand. The change in fluorescence emission as a function of temperature is used to calculate the melting temperature of the complex or T.sub.m. In the case where there is a base mismatch between the probe and the DNA strand, indicating a point mutation, the T.sub.m has been found to be significantly lower than the T.sub.m for a perfectly match probelstand duplex. The present invention allows for the detection of the existence and magnitude of T.sub.m, which allows for the quick and accurate detection of a point mutation in the DNA strand and, in some applications, the determination of the approximate location of the mutation within the sequence.
Optimized scalable stack of fluorescent solar concentrator systems with bifacial silicon solar cells
Mart�nez D�ez, Ana Luisa, E-mail: email@example.com [Fundaci�n ITMA, Parque Empresarial Principado de Asturias, C/Calafates, Parcela L-3.4, 33417 Avil�s (Spain); Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstr. 2, 79110 Freiburg (Germany); Gutmann, Johannes; Posdziech, Janina; Rist, Tim; Goldschmidt, Jan Christoph [Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstr. 2, 79110 Freiburg (Germany); Plaza, David G�mez [Fundaci�n ITMA, Parque Empresarial Principado de Asturias, C/Calafates, Parcela L-3.4, 33417 Avil�s (Spain)
In this paper, we present a concentrator system based on a stack of fluorescent concentrators (FCs) and a bifacial solar cell. Coupling bifacial solar cells to a stack of FCs increases the performance of the system and preserves its efficiency when scaled. We used an approach to optimize a fluorescent solar concentrator system design based on a stack of multiple fluorescent concentrators (FC). Seven individual fluorescent collectors (20?mm?�?20?mm?�?2?mm) were realized by in-situ polymerization and optically characterized in regard to their ability to guide light to the edges. Then, an optimization procedure based on the experimental data of the individual FCs was carried out to determine the stack configuration that maximizes the total number of photons leaving edges. Finally, two fluorescent concentrator systems were realized by attaching bifacial silicon solar cells to the optimized FC stacks: a conventional system, where FC were attached to one side of the solar cell as a reference, and the proposed bifacial configuration. It was found that for the same overall FC area, the bifacial configuration increases the short-circuit current by a factor of 2.2, which is also in agreement with theoretical considerations.
X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) Analysis of Obsidian Artifacts from AZ AA:8:20 (ASM), Southeastern Arizona
Shackley, M. Steven
Minerologist 62:426-437. SOUTHWEST XRF PAPER Tabl;o:. X-:'~vX-RAY FLUORESCENCE (XRF) ANALYSIS OF OBSIDIAN ARTIFACTS FROM
Third Level Trigger for the Fluorescence Telescopes of the Pierre Auger Observatory
A. Schmidt; T. Asch; H. Gemmeke; M. Kleifges; H. -J. Mathes; A. Menshikov; F. Sch�ssler; D. Tcherniakhovski
The trigger system for the Auger fluorescence telescopes is implemented in hard- and software for an efficient selection of fluorescence light tracks induced by high-energy extensive air showers. The algorithm of the third stage uses the multiplicity signal of the hardware for fast rejection of lightning events with above 99% efficiency. In a second step direct muon hits in the camera and random triggers are rejected by analyzing the space-time correlation of the pixels. The trigger algorithm was tested with measured and simulated showers and implemented in the electronics of the fluorescence telescopes. A comparison to a prototype trigger without multiplicity shows the superiority of this approach, e.g. the false rejection rate is a factor 10 lower.
Third Level Trigger for the Fluorescence Telescopes of the Pierre Auger Observatory
Schmidt, A; Gemmeke, H; Kleifges, M; Mathes, H -J; Menchikov, A; Sch�ssler, F; Tcherniakhovski, D
The trigger system for the Auger fluorescence telescopes is implemented in hard- and software for an efficient selection of fluorescence light tracks induced by high-energy extensive air showers. The algorithm of the third stage uses the multiplicity signal of the hardware for fast rejection of lightning events with above 99% efficiency. In a second step direct muon hits in the camera and random triggers are rejected by analyzing the space-time correlation of the pixels. The trigger algorithm was tested with measured and simulated showers and implemented in the electronics of the fluorescence telescopes. A comparison to a prototype trigger without multiplicity shows the superiority of this approach, e.g. the false rejection rate is a factor 10 lower.
Real-time Fourier transform spectrometry for fluorescence imaging and flow cytometry
Buican, T.N.
We present a Fourier transform (FT) spectrometer that is suitable for real-time spectral analysis in fluorescence imaging and flow cytometry. The instrument consists of a novel type of interferometer that can be modulated at frequencies of up to 100 kHz and has a high light throughput; and a dedicated, parallel array processor for the real-time computation of spectral parameters. The data acquisition array processor can be programmed by a host computer to perform any desired linear transform on the interferogram and can thus separate contributions from multiple fluorescence microscopy. The integration of a flow cytometer and a spectral imaging fluorescence microscope is discussed, and the concepts of direct and reversed virtual sorting'' are introduced. 9 refs., 8 figs.
Demonstration of x-ray fluorescence imaging of a high-energy-density plasma
MacDonald, M. J., E-mail: email@example.com; Gamboa, E. J. [Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025 (United States); Keiter, P. A.; Fein, J. R.; Klein, S. R.; Kuranz, C. C.; LeFevre, H. J.; Manuel, M. J.-E.; Wan, W. C.; Drake, R. P. [Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 (United States); Montgomery, D. S. [Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545 (United States); Biener, M. M.; Fournier, K. B. [Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550 (United States); Streit, J. [Schafer Corporation, Livermore, California 94551 (United States)
Experiments at the Trident Laser Facility have successfully demonstrated the use of x-ray fluorescence imaging (XRFI) to diagnose shocked carbonized resorcinol formaldehyde (CRF) foams doped with Ti. One laser beam created a shock wave in the doped foam. A second laser beam produced a flux of vanadium He-? x-rays, which in turn induced Ti K-shell fluorescence within the foam. Spectrally resolved 1D imaging of the x-ray fluorescence provided shock location and compression measurements. Additionally, experiments using a collimator demonstrated that one can probe specific regions within a target. These results show that XRFI is a capable alternative to path-integrated measurements for diagnosing hydrodynamic experiments at high energy density.
Fluorescence measurements for evaluating the application of multivariate analysis techniques to optically thick environments.
Reichardt, Thomas A.; Timlin, Jerilyn Ann; Jones, Howland D. T.; Sickafoose, Shane M.; Schmitt, Randal L.
Laser-induced fluorescence measurements of cuvette-contained laser dye mixtures are made for evaluation of multivariate analysis techniques to optically thick environments. Nine mixtures of Coumarin 500 and Rhodamine 610 are analyzed, as well as the pure dyes. For each sample, the cuvette is positioned on a two-axis translation stage to allow the interrogation at different spatial locations, allowing the examination of both primary (absorption of the laser light) and secondary (absorption of the fluorescence) inner filter effects. In addition to these expected inner filter effects, we find evidence that a portion of the absorbed fluorescence is re-emitted. A total of 688 spectra are acquired for the evaluation of multivariate analysis approaches to account for nonlinear effects.
Fluorescence of PRODAN in Water: a Computational QM/MM MD Study
Pederzoli, Marek; Sobek, Lukas; Brabec, Jiri; Kowalski, Karol; Cwiklik, Lukasz; Pittner, Jiri
Fluorescent properties of PRODAN (6-propionyl-2-dimethylaminonaphthalene) in water were studied by means of excited state molecular dynamics simulations employing a combined quantum mechanical and molecular mechanical approach with the time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT QM/MM MD). The state of the art coupled cluster method was used to benchmark density functional theory calculations. The influence of the water environment on PRODAN emission was investigated by employing several computational schemes with varying description of the solvent. The issue of the molecular geometry of the excited state PRODAN molecule in water was addressed. The experimental emission spectrum was reproduced for the planar excited state conformer of PRODAN in the extended environment of 300 explicit water molecules. The planar conformer was shown to be predominantly responsible for fluorescence. The twisted isomer is strongly stabilized in water, but rapidly evolve towards a conical intersection, and hence the twisted conformer is fluorescently inactive.
Intense Internal and External Fluorescence as Solar Cells Approach the Shockley-Queisser Efficiency Limit
Miller, Owen D; Kurtz, Sarah R
Absorbed sunlight in a solar cell produces electrons and holes. But, at the open circuit condition, the carriers have no place to go. They build up in density and, ideally, they emit external fluorescence that exactly balances the incoming sunlight. Any additional non-radiative recombination impairs the carrier density buildup, limiting the open-circuit voltage. At open-circuit, efficient external fluorescence is an indicator of low internal optical losses. Thus efficient external fluorescence is, counter-intuitively, a necessity for approaching the Shockley-Queisser efficiency limit. A great Solar Cell also needs to be a great Light Emitting Diode. Owing to the narrow escape cone for light, efficient external emission requires repeated attempts, and demands an internal luminescence efficiency >>90%.
Laser-induced fluorescence of fused silica irradiated by ArF excimer laser
Zhang Haibo [Shanghai Key Laboratory of All Solid-state Laser and Applied Techniques, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 201800 (China); Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049 (China); Yuan Zhijun; Zhou Jun; Dong Jingxing; Wei Yunrong; Lou Qihong [Shanghai Key Laboratory of All Solid-state Laser and Applied Techniques, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 201800 (China)
Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) of high-purity fused silica irradiated by ArF excimer laser is studied experimentally. LIF bands of the fused silica centered at 281 nm, 478 nm, and 650 nm are observed simultaneously. Furthermore, the angular distribution of the three fluorescence peaks is examined. Microscopic image of the laser modified fused silica indicates that scattering of the generated fluorescence by laser-induced damage sites is the main reason for the angular distribution of LIF signals. Finally, the dependence of LIF signals intensities of the fused silica on laser power densities is presented. LIF signals show a squared power density dependence, which indicates that laser-induced defects are formed mainly via two-photon absorption processes.
Subunits of highly Fluorescent Protein R-Phycoerythrin as Probes for Cell Imaging and Single-Molecule Detection
Dragan Isailovic
The purposes of our research were: (1) To characterize subunits of highly fluorescent protein R-Phycoerythrin (R-PE) and check their suitability for single-molecule detection (SMD) and cell imaging, (2) To extend the use of R-PE subunits through design of similar proteins that will be used as probes for microscopy and spectral imaging in a single cell, and (3) To demonstrate a high-throughput spectral imaging method that will rival spectral flow cytometry in the analysis of individual cells. We first demonstrated that R-PE subunits have spectroscopic and structural characteristics that make them suitable for SMD. Subunits were isolated from R-PE by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and detected as single molecules by total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM). In addition, R-PE subunits and their enzymatic digests were characterized by several separation and detection methods including HPLC, capillary electrophoresis, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrilamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and HPLC-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Favorable absorption and fluorescence of the R-PE subunits and digest peptides originate from phycoerythrobilin (PEB) and phycourobilin (PUB) chromophores that are covalently attached to cysteine residues. High absorption coefficients and strong fluorescence (even under denaturing conditions), broad excitation and emission fluorescence spectra in the visible region of electromagnetic spectrum, and relatively low molecular weights make these molecules suitable for use as fluorescence labels of biomolecules and cells. We further designed fluorescent proteins both in vitro and in vivo (in Escherichia coli) based on the highly specific attachment of PEB chromophore to genetically expressed apo-subunits of R-PE. In one example, apo-alpha and apo-beta R-PE subunits were cloned from red algae Polisiphonia boldii (P. boldii), and expressed in E. coli. Although expressed apo-subunits formed inclusion bodies, fluorescent holo-subunits were formed after incubation of E. coli cells with PEB. Spectroscopic characterization of holo-subunits confirmed that the attachment of PEB chromophore to apo-subunits yielded holo-subunits containing both PEB and urobilin (UB). Fluorescence and differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy showed polar location of holo-subunit inclusion bodies in E. coli cells. In another example, R-PE apo-subunits were genetically fused to cytoplasmic and periplasmic versions of E. coli maltose binding protein (MBP). Fluorescent proteins formed after attachment of PEB to MBP-subunit fusions in vitro and in vivo contained PEB as the sole chromophore, were soluble, and displayed high orange fluorescence. Fluorescence microscopy showed that fusions are located either throughout cells or at cell poles. In addition, cells containing fluorescent holo-subunits or MBP-subunit fusions were up to ten times brighter than control cells as measured by flow cytometry. Results show that the fluorescent proteins formed after non-enzymatic attachment of PEB to R-PE subunit fusions could be used as reporters of gene expression and protein localization in cells as well as fluorescence labels in flow cytometry. Finally, we demonstrated a high-throughput method able to record emission fluorescence spectra of individual cells containing fluorescent proteins. Upon excitation with a 488 mn argon-ion laser many bacterial cells were imaged by a 20X microscope objective while they moved through a capillary tube. Fluorescence was dispersed by a transmission diffraction grating, and an intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD) camera simultaneously recorded the zero and the first orders of the fluorescence from each cell. Single-cell fluorescence spectra were reconstructed from the distance between zero-order and first-order maxima as well as the length and the pixel intensity distribution of the first-order images. By using this approach, the emission spectrum of E. coli cells expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) was reconstructed. Also, fluorescence spectra of E
New maturity indicators based on spectral fluorescence of alginite and bitumen, Monterey Formation, California
Lee, Chungi; Kennicutt, M.C. II (Texas A and M Univ., College Station (United States)); Lo, H.B. (Exxon Production Research Co., Houston, TX (United States))
Conventional assessment of maturation level in the Monterey has been problematic, since sporinite and vitrinite are rare or absent. Organic matter is largely alginite and amorphous material, and reliable vitrinite reflectance (R{sub o}%) and Thermal Alteration Index (TAI) are difficult to obtain. Large amounts of bitumen often imbedded in the highly fractured Monterey shales cause a suppression of T{sub max} and low values of S{sub 1}S{sub 1} + S{sub 2}. It is often difficult to determine whether bitumen is indigenous or migrated from other more mature strata. Spectral fluorescence measurements of alginite and bitumen have proved useful in assessing the maturity of the Monterey. A maturity scale based on red/green quotient (Q{sub v}) measured as the fluorescence of alginite B when excited by violet-light has been developed and applied to the Monterey. Alginite B is common in the Monterey, and accurate fluorescent measurements can be readily obtained given the highly fluorescent character of alginite B. A total scanning fluorescence technique was used to develop a maturity scale based on bitumen aromatic content and composition. The maturity parameter (R{sub 1}) developed in this study uses the intensity of fluorescence emitted at 360 nm ratioed to that at 320 nm when the solvent-dissolved bitumen is excited at the 270 nm. These parameters allow for the evaluation of the thermal maturity of algal organic matter and bitumen from the Monterey with R{sub o}% {lt} 1. Indigenous bitumen is also indicated by a comparison of maturity based on Q{sub v} (the solid phase) and bitumen maturity (the liquid phase) based on R{sub 1}.
A portable time-domain LED fluorimeter for nanosecond fluorescence lifetime measurements
Wang, Hongtao; Salthouse, Christopher D., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003 (United States); Center for Personalized Health Monitoring, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003 (United States); Qi, Ying; Mountziaris, T. J. [Center for Personalized Health Monitoring, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003 (United States) [Center for Personalized Health Monitoring, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003 (United States); Chemical Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003 (United States)
Fluorescence lifetime measurements are becoming increasingly important in chemical and biological research. Time-domain lifetime measurements offer fluorescence multiplexing and improved handling of interferers compared with the frequency-domain technique. In this paper, an all solid-state, filterless, and highly portable light-emitting-diode based time-domain fluorimeter (LED TDF) is reported for the measurement of nanosecond fluorescence lifetimes. LED based excitation provides more wavelengths options compared to laser diode based excitation, but the excitation is less effective due to the uncollimated beam, less optical power, and longer latency in state transition. Pulse triggering and pre-bias techniques were implemented in our LED TDF to improve the peak optical power to over 100 mW. The proposed pulsing circuit achieved an excitation light fall time of less than 2 ns. Electrical resetting technique realized a time-gated photo-detector to remove the interference of the excitation light with fluorescence. These techniques allow the LED fluorimeter to accurately measure the fluorescence lifetime of fluorescein down to concentration of 0.5 ?M. In addition, all filters required in traditional instruments are eliminated for the non-attenuated excitation/emission light power. These achievements make the reported device attractive to biochemical laboratories seeking for highly portable lifetime detection devices for developing sensors based on fluorescence lifetime changes. The device was initially validated by measuring the lifetimes of three commercial fluorophores and comparing them with reported lifetime data. It was subsequently used to characterize a ZnSe quantum dot based DNA sensor.
Measurement of Pressure Dependent Fluorescence Yield of Air: Calibration Factor for UHECR Detectors
Belz, J.W.; Burt, G.W.; Cao, Z.; Chang, F.Y.; Chen, C.C.; Chen, C.W.; Chen, P.; Field, C.; Findlay, J.; Huntemeyer, Petra; Huang, M.A.; Hwang, W.-Y.P.; Iverson, R.; Jones, B.F.; Jui, C.C.H.; Kirn, M.; Lin, G.-L.; Loh, E.C.; Maestas, M.M.; Manago, N.; Martens, K.; /Montana U. /Utah U. /Taiwan, Natl. Taiwan U. /SLAC /Rutgers U., Piscataway
In a test experiment at the Final Focus Test Beam of the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, the fluorescence yield of 28.5 GeV electrons in air and nitrogen was measured. The measured photon yields between 300 and 400 nm at 1 atm and 29 C are Y(760 Torr){sup air} = 4.42 {+-} 0.73 and Y(760 Torr){sup N{sub 2}} = 29.2 {+-} 4.8 photons per electron per meter. Assuming that the fluorescence yield is proportional to the energy deposition of a charged particle traveling through air, good agreement with measurements at lower particle energies is observed.
Jurgensen, A; David Missimer, D; Ronny Rutherford, R
The x-ray fluorescence laboratory (XRF) in the Analytical Development Directorate (ADD) of the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) was requested to develop an x-ray fluorescence spectrometry method for elemental characterization of the Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) pretreated low activity waste (LAW) stream to the LAW Vitrification Plant. The WTP is evaluating the potential for using XRF as a rapid turnaround technique to support LAW product compliance and glass former batching. The overall objective of this task was to develop an XRF analytical method that provides rapid turnaround time (<8 hours), while providing sufficient accuracy and precision to determine variations in waste.
Simultaneous two-dimensional laser-induced-fluorescence measurements of argon ions
Hansen, A. K.; Galante, Matthew; McCarren, Dustin; Sears, Stephanie; Scime, E. E. [Department of Physics, West Virginia University, P.O. Box 6315, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6315 (United States)
Recent laser upgrades on the Hot Helicon Experiment at West Virginia University have enabled multiplexed simultaneous measurements of the ion velocity distribution function at a single location, expanding our capabilities in laser-induced fluorescence diagnostics. The laser output is split into two beams, each modulated with an optical chopper and injected perpendicular and parallel to the magnetic field. Light from the crossing point of the beams is transported to a narrow-band photomultiplier tube filtered at the fluorescence wavelength and monitored by two lock-in amplifiers, each referenced to one of the two chopper frequencies.
Investigation and technique in the fluorescent spectra examination of crude oil
Chambers, Gilbert Vester
by chromato- graphy and distillation. The adsorbent was Alcoa activated alumina, chromatographic grade F-20. Support for the adsorbent was Pyrex brand glass fibre and cleaned B 0, A. sea sand. 11 DEVELOPl';, 'EI&T OF TEOHN IQUE Fluorescent intensity..., the cut between 2F2 and 2P$ was exactly between the two bands. The similarity of the fluorescent spectra of 1E1, 1E2, and 1E?i with 2F1, 2P2, and 2F$ (Figures 11, 12, 1B and 19) shows the similarity in the developing power of chloroform and. ether. A...
Method for detecting binding events using micro-X-ray fluorescence spectrometry
Warner, Benjamin P. (Los Alamos, NM); Havrilla, George J. (Los Alamos, NM); Mann, Grace (Hong Kong, HK)
Method for detecting binding events using micro-X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Receptors are exposed to at least one potential binder and arrayed on a substrate support. Each member of the array is exposed to X-ray radiation. The magnitude of a detectable X-ray fluorescence signal for at least one element can be used to determine whether a binding event between a binder and a receptor has occurred, and can provide information related to the extent of binding between the binder and receptor.
Confocal X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) Microscopy: A New Technique for the Nondestructive Compositional Depth Profiling of Paintings
Gruner, Sol M.
#12;Confocal X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) Microscopy: A New Technique for the Nondestructive tools such as x-ray fluorescence (XRF) [4,5,6,7] and proton-induced x-ray emission (PIXE) [3,8,9] to address the problem of compositional depth profiling of paintings. One XRF method consists of deducing
Reversible Modification of CdSe-CdS/ZnS Quantum Dot Fluorescence by Surrounding Ca2+
Haviland, David
Reversible Modification of CdSe-CdS/ZnS Quantum Dot Fluorescence by Surrounding Ca2+ Ions Li Li (3-MPA) coated CdSe-CdS/ZnS core-multishell QDs when free Ca2+ ions were added to and subsequently removed from the QD solution. It was found that QD fluorescence intensity was reduced when Ca2+ ions were
First-Principles Characterization of the Energy Landscape and Optical Spectra of Green Fluorescent Protein along the AIB
Krylov, Anna I.
First-Principles Characterization of the Energy Landscape and Optical Spectra of Green Fluorescent Supporting Information ABSTRACT: Structures and optical spectra of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) forms-form) is lowest in energy, whereas the systems with the anionic chromophore (B- and I-forms) are about 1 kcal
Single-Molecule Fluorescence Studies of Protein Folding and Conformational Xavier Michalet,* Shimon Weiss, and Marcus Jager*
Michalet, Xavier
Single-Molecule Fluorescence Studies of Protein Folding and Conformational Dynamics Xavier Michalet. Single-Molecule Fluorescence Studies of Protein Folding and Conformations at Equilibrium 1796 4-Molecule Protein Folding under Nonequilibrium Conditions 1808 6. Conclusion 1809 7. Acknowledgments 1810 8
Global analysis of Fo rster resonance energy transfer in live cells measured by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy exploiting
van Stokkum, Ivo
Global analysis of Fo¨ rster resonance energy transfer in live cells measured by fluorescence of Fo¨ rster resonance energy transfer (FRET) in live cells using the rise time of acceptor fluorescence those molecules that are involved in the energy-transfer process are monitored. This contrasts
Influence of Agricultural Dual Credit on Student College Readiness Self-Efficacy
Neely, Alanna L.
INFLUENCE OF AGRICULTURAL DUAL CREDIT ON STUDENT COLLEGE READINESS SELF-EFFICACY A Record of Study by ALANNA LEE NEELY Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements... should consider earning postsecondary degrees and credentials. The Completion Agenda states: This increased focus on college completion (not simply college access) is reflected in, for example, President Obama?s goal for the United States...
OSRAM SYLVANIA Demonstrates 1,439-Lumen Downlight with Efficacy of 82 lm/W
Broader source: Energy.gov [DOE]
OSRAM SYLVANIA researchers have demonstrated a downlight luminaire that achieves 1,439 lumens at an efficacy of 82 lm/W in steady-state operation. These results exceed the project goals of achieving 1,300 lumens and 70 lm/W at a CCT of 3500K and CRI of 80. Improvements in LED chips, phosphors, optics, electronics, and thermal management at OSRAM all contributed to the higher-than-projected luminaire performance.
Strobe Light Deterrent Efficacy Test and Fish Behavior Determination at Grand Coulee Dam Third Powerplant Forebay
Simmons, Mary Ann; Johnson, Robert L.; McKinstry, Craig A.; Simmons, Carver S.; Cook, Chris B.; Brown, Richard S.; Tano, Daniel K.; Thorsten, Susan L.; Faber, Derrek M.; Lecaire, Richard; Francis, Stephen
This report documents the third year of a four-year study to assess the efficacy of a prototype strobe light system to elicit a negative phototactic response in kokanee salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) and rainbow trout (O. mykiss) in the forebay to the third powerplant at Grand Coulee Dam. This work was conducted for the Bonneville Power Administration, U.S. Department of Energy, by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) in conjunction with the Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation (Colville Confederated Tribes).
Excitation of sensitized fluorescence of europium and curium in an aqueous solution of thenoyltrifluoroacetone by a nitrogen laser
Dem'yanova, T.A.; Stepanov, A.V.; Babaev, A.S.; Aleksandruk, V.M.
The fluorescence spectrum of trivalent europium in aqueous solutions of thenoyltrifluoroacetone, excited by a nitrogen laser with emission wavelength 337 nm, exhibits bands at 582, 593, 616, 650, and 695 nm. Two bands appear in the fluorescence spectrum of trivalent curium under the same conditions - at 598 and 607 nm. The times of quenching of the fluorescence of the ions of these elements were measured, both in H/sub 2/O medium and in D/sub 2/O. A linear relationship was found between the fluorescence intensity of europium and curium and their concentration in TTA solution. The limit of determination of europium and curium by the fluorescent method with laser excitation using the bands at 615 and 607 nm proved equal to 0.3 and 0.07 ng/ml, respectively.
Deep-Sea Research I 50 (2003) 417434 Phytoplankton natural fluorescence variability in the
California at Santa Barbara, University of
capacity and community composi- tion. Solar-stimulated, or ``natural'' fluorescence is a passive of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-3060, USA Received 10 October 2001; received in revised Science, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-3060, USA. Fax: +1
FOCUS www.rsc.org/loc | Lab on a Chip Improving fluorescence detection in lab on
Fygenson, Deborah Kuchnir
) graft on glass. Two cell populations are separately labeled with live cell dyes and are mixed and seeded and sensitivity, due primarily to sub-optimal light collection. More sensi- tive, higher resolution LOC devices for performing high-sensitivity and high-resolution fluo- rescence detection within LOC devices. Fluorescence
Hybrid Electrochromic Fluorescent Poly(DNTD)/CdSe@ZnS Composite Films
Guo, John Zhanhu
Hybrid Electrochromic Fluorescent Poly(DNTD)/CdSe@ZnS Composite Films Huige Wei, Xingru Yan, Springdale, Arkansas 72764, United States ABSTRACT: Hybrid electrochromic poly(DNTD)/CdSe@ZnS quantum dots of an electrical current after the application of an appropriate electrode potential.15-17 The electrochromic
Fluorescent probes for non-invasive bioenergetic studies of whole cyanobacterial cells
Roegner, Matthias
Fluorescent probes for non-invasive bioenergetic studies of whole cyanobacterial cells Markus of bioenergetic processes in whole cells of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Acridine yellow to be created. In sum- mary, bioenergetic £uorescence measurement com- bines the advantages of an easy
Laboratory investigation of triple marking the parasitoid Gonatocerus ashmeadi with a fluorescent dye and
Hoddle, Mark S.
dye and two animal proteins N. A. Irvin1 *, J. R. Hagler2 & M. S. Hoddle1,3 1 Department of Entomology: ELISA, protein marking, dye marking, markcapture, survival, Hymenoptera, Mymari- dae, glassy in chicken eggs, casein in bovine milk, and SARDI yellow fluorescent dye. Three application treatments
Aerial Imaging of Fluorescent Dye in the Near Shore DAVID B. CLARK
Boss, Emmanuel S.
Aerial Imaging of Fluorescent Dye in the Near Shore DAVID B. CLARK Woods Hole Oceanographic) dye in turbid and optically deep water. Tracer releases near the shoreline of an ocean beach and near of upwelling radiance near the Rhodamine WT excitation and emission peaks varies linearly with the in situ dye
Accretion, fluorescent X-ray emission and flaring magnetic structures in YSOs
F. Favata
I present some recent developments on high-energy phenomena in YSOs, concentrating on the new evidence for accretion-induced X-ray emission in YSOs, for Fe 6.4 keV fluorescent emission from the disks of YSOs and for very long magnetic structures responsible for intense X-ray flares, likely connecting the star and the circumstellar disk.
Dimeric fluorescent energy transfer dyes comprising asymmetric cyanine azole-indolenine chromophores
Glazer, Alexander N. (Orinda, CA); Benson, Scott C. (Albany, CA)
Novel fluorescent DNA-staining dyes are provided combining asymmetric cyanine azole-indolenine dyes, which provide for strong DNA affinity, large Stokes shifts and emission in the red region of the spectrum. The dyes find particular application in gel electrophoresis and for labels which may be bound to a variety of compositions in a variety of contexts.
Effect of Combining Far-Red Light with Shorter Wave Light on the Excitation of Fluorescence
of Fluorescence in Chlorella Recent experiments on the rate of photosyn- thesis in far-red light alone that the quantum yield of Auo- rescence in Chlorella drops when excitation is achieved by light above 680 ml* (10- teen experiments of this type are summarized in Table I. Chlorella pyrenoidosa Strain 3 were used
Improved fluorescence-enhanced optical imaging and tomography by enhanced excitation light rejection
Hwang, Kil Dong
match for tomographic reconstruction of one (1 cm3) and two (0.1 cm3) targets in a 1087 cm3 of breast phantom. Ultimately, this work improves the sensitivity of NIR fluorescence imaging by enhancing the rejection of excitation light and shows...
Sensors and Actuators B 107 (2005) 121125 Two photon fluorescence sensors based on resonant grating
Friesem, Asher A.
Sensors and Actuators B 107 (2005) 121125 Two photon fluorescence sensors based on resonant the excitation and emission radia- tion reduces the background noise, the static photobleaching.07.040 #12;122 T. Katchalski et al. / Sensors and Actuators B 107 (2005) 121125 lar, they are compact
A Microfluidic Device for Temporally Controlled Gene Expression and Long-Term Fluorescent Imaging in
Siggia, Eric
A Microfluidic Device for Temporally Controlled Gene Expression and Long-Term Fluorescent Imaging of the cell cycle. Over the past ten years, microfluidic techniques in cell biology have emerged that allow a microfluidic flow cell to grow Saccharomyces Cerevisiae for more than 8 generations (
RNA Degradation in Cell Extracts: Real-Time Monitoring by Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET)
Walter, Nils G.
S1 RNA Degradation in Cell Extracts: Real-Time Monitoring by Fluorescence Resonance Energy TransferM PMSF; we found the pH after dialysis to be 7.6. UV Melting Curves: 1 µM unlabeled or doubly fluorophore wavelength for a UV melting experiment, and the signal at 320 nm was subtracted as background. Temperatures
Intercellular trafficking of a KNOTTED1 green fluorescent protein fusion in the leaf and
Jackson, David
Intercellular trafficking of a KNOTTED1 green fluorescent protein fusion in the leaf and shoot Jackson¶ Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Watson School of Biological Sciences, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring between epidermal cells of Arabidopsis and onion. When expressed in vivo, the GFP KN1 fusion trafficked
Fluorescence technique for on-line monitoring of state of hydrogen-producing microorganisms
Seibert, Michael (Lakewood, CO); Makarova, Valeriya (Golden, CO); Tsygankov, Anatoly A. (Pushchino, RU); Rubin, Andrew B. (Moscow, RU)
In situ fluorescence method to monitor state of sulfur-deprived algal culture's ability to produce H.sub.2 under sulfur depletion, comprising: a) providing sulfur-deprived algal culture; b) illuminating culture; c) measuring onset of H.sub.2 percentage in produced gas phase at multiple times to ascertain point immediately after anerobiosis to obtain H.sub.2 data as function of time; and d) determining any abrupt change in three in situ fluorescence parameters; i) increase in F.sub.t (steady-state level of chlorophyll fluorescence in light adapted cells); ii) decrease in F.sub.m', (maximal saturating light induced fluorescence level in light adapted cells); and iii) decrease in .DELTA.F/F.sub.m'=(F.sub.m'-F.sub.t)/F.sub.m' (calculated photochemical activity of photosystem II (PSII) signaling full reduction of plastoquinone pool between PSII and PSI, which indicates start of anaerobic conditions that induces synthesis of hydrogenase enzyme for subsequent H.sub.2 production that signal oxidation of plastoquinone pool asmain factor to regulate H.sub.2 under sulfur depletion.
Preliminary evaluation of a fluorescence and radioisotope nuclear smuggling deterrence tag - final report (IL500E)
Hartenstein, S.D.; Aryaeinejad, R.; Delmastro, J.R. [and others
This report summarizes the efforts completed in identifying candidate fluorescence compounds and radioisotopes for a developing tagging system. The tagging system is being developed as a deterrent to nuclear smuggling, by providing a means of: (1) tracing materials and pilferers to the facility of origin for any recovered special nuclear materials, (2) inventory control of long-term stored items containing special nuclear materials, and (3) tracking materials transferred between facilities. The system uses three types of materials to cover a range of applications intended to prevent the pilfering of special nuclear materials. One material, fluorescent compounds which are invisible without ultraviolet or near-infrared detection systems, is marked on controlled items with a tracking pattern that corresponds to a specified item in a specified location in the data control system. The tagging system uses an invisible, fluorescent dusting powder to mark equipment and personnel who inappropriately handle the tagged material. The tagging system also uses unique combinations of radionuclides to identify the facility of origin for any special nuclear material. This report also summarizes the efforts completed in identifying hardware that will be used for the tagging system. This hardware includes the devices for applying the tagging materials, the commercially available fluorescence detection systems, and gamma ray detection systems assembled from existing, commercially available technologies.
Abstract--A low noise optical sensor and biocompatible microscale optical filters for integrated fluorescence sensors
Maryland at College Park, University of
Abstract--A low noise optical sensor and biocompatible microscale optical filters for integrated fluorescence sensors were developed and tested. The sensor was fabricated in a 0.5 µm CMOS process. The measured reset noise of the sensor is reduced by a factor of 10 compared to conventional active pixel
Video-Rate Scanning Two-Photon Excitation Fluorescence Microscopy and Ratio Imaging with Cameleons
Tsien, Roger Y.
Video-Rate Scanning Two-Photon Excitation Fluorescence Microscopy and Ratio Imaging with Cameleons ABSTRACT A video-rate (30 frames/s) scanning two-photon excitation microscope has been successfully tested 690 to 1050 nm, prechirper optics for laser pulse-width compression, resonant galvanometer for video
Polymerization kinetics of ADP-and ADP-Pi-actin determined by fluorescence microscopy
Polymerization kinetics of ADP- and ADP-Pi-actin determined by fluorescence microscopy Ikuko of depolymerizing filaments, we measured the polymerization rate constants of ADP-actin and ADP-Pi-actin. Saturating phosphate reduces the critical concentra- tion for polymerization of Mg-ADP-actin from 1.8 to 0.06 M almost
874 Macromolecules 1989, 22, 874-879 Fluorescence Depolarization of Chromophores in Polymeric Solids
Fayer, Michael D.
874 Macromolecules 1989, 22, 874-879 Fluorescence Depolarization of Chromophores in Polymeric to and dispersed in polymers has been used increasingly as a quantitative probe of the structure of solid polymeric examine experimentally these phenomena for chromophores in a solid polymeric solution. The system consists
Bioimaging 4 (1996) 93106. Printed in the UK Fluorescent dot counting in
van Vliet, Lucas J.
Bioimaging 4 (1996) 93106. Printed in the UK Fluorescent dot counting in interphase cell nuclei allows the enumeration of chromosomal abnormalities in interphase cell nuclei. This process is called dot counting. To estimate the distribution of chromosomes per cell, a large number of cells have to be analysed
Gordon, Geoffrey J.
are in constant movement within the cell, we extended our studies to time series images, which contain both to identify a protein's subcellular location is to label it with fluorescent dye, take microscope images this last step. The automated approach is more objective and sensitive than visual examination, and single
Single-molecule protein folding: Diffusion fluorescence resonance energy transfer studies
Croquette, Vincent
Single-molecule protein folding: Diffusion fluorescence resonance energy transfer studies for protein folding studies and has been extensively stud- ied, both experimentally (at the ensemble level concentration. It is shown that new infor- mation about different aspects of the protein folding reaction can
Red Fluorescent Protein pH Biosensor to Detect Concentrative Nucleoside Transport*S
Campbell, Robert E.
Red Fluorescent Protein pH Biosensor to Detect Concentrative Nucleoside Transport*S Received concentrative nucleoside transporter, hCNT3, medi- ates Na /nucleoside and H /nucleoside co-transport. We describe a new approach to monitor H /uridine co-transport in cultured mammalian cells, using a p
A fluorescent assay for chloride transport; identification of a synthetic anionophore with improved activity
Smith, Bradley D.
A fluorescent assay for chloride transport; identification of a synthetic anionophore with improved on the chloride-sensitive probe, lucigenin, is developed for monitoring chloride transport into vesicles, and used to compare the effectiveness of three steroid- derived transporters. A topic of growing interest
Filter-fluorescer measurement of low-voltage simulator x-ray energy spectra
Baldwin, G.T.; Craven, R.E.
X-ray energy spectra of the Maxwell Laboratories MBS and Physics International Pulserad 737 were measured using an eight-channel filter-fluorescer array. The PHOSCAT computer code was used to calculate channel response functions, and the UFO code to unfold spectrum.
Understanding Blue-to-Red Conversion in Monomeric Fluorescent Timers and Hydrolytic Degradation of Their
Verkhusha, Vladislav V.
Understanding Blue-to-Red Conversion in Monomeric Fluorescent Timers and Hydrolytic Degradation-FT (chromophore Met66-Tyr67-Gly68) and its precursor with blocked blue-to- red conversion Blue102 (chromophore Leu data suggest that blue-to-red conversion, taking place in Fast-FT and in related FTs, is associated
Narain, Amitabh
/analyzed the incident reflected waves to identify and measure the total transit time of the sound wave (of known wave-speed1 FLUORESCENCE AND FIBER-OPTICS BASED REAL-TIME THICKNESS SENSOR FOR DYNAMIC LIQUID FILMS T. W. Ng/disadvantages of many known liquid film thickness sensing devices (viz. conductivity probes, reflectance based fiber
Laser-excited atomic fluorescence spectrometry in a graphite furnace with an
Michel, Robert G.
Laser-excited atomic fluorescence spectrometry in a graphite furnace with an optical parametric oscillator laser for sequential multi-element determination of cadmium, cobalt, lead, manganese and thallium, for the ® rst time, that solid-state lasers required for analysis (ml or mg) and the technique has direct based
Frequently Asked Questions Information on Compact Fluorescent Light Bulbs (CFLs) and Mercury
Jia, Songtao
Frequently Asked Questions Information on Compact Fluorescent Light Bulbs (CFLs) and Mercury emissions equivalent to those of more than 800,000 cars. Do CFLs contain mercury? CFLs contain a very small amount of mercury sealed within the glass tubing an average of 5 milligrams about the amount
Encapsulated interferon-tau during Theiler's virus-induced demyelinating disease: efficacy of treatment and immune response profile
Dean, Dana Deanna
significant number suffer severe negative side effects and must cease treatment. Thus, alternative therapeutics that offer less cytotoxicity and greater efficacy are a major objective of research. This dissertation evaluated a novel type I interferon...
Teacher self-efficacy in Cape Town : a bottom up approach to enhancing the quality of education
Kim, YeSeul
Personal teacher self-efficacy (PTE), or the belief in one's own ability to overcome a particular challenge, often acts as a catalyst for teachers to improve the effectiveness of their teaching. Gaining PTE can translate ...
The use of fluorescent intrabodies to detect endogenous gankyrin in living cancer cells
Rinaldi, Anne-Sophie; Freund, Guillaume; Desplancq, Dominique; Sibler, Annie-Paule; Baltzinger, Mireille [Ecole Sup�rieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, UMR 7242, CNRS/Universit� de Strasbourg, boulevard S�bastien Brant, 67412 Illkirch (France); Rochel, Natacha [Institut de G�n�tique et de Biologie Mol�culaire et Cellulaire, UMR 7104, CNRS/INSERM/Universit� de Strasbourg, rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch (France); M�ly, Yves; Didier, Pascal [Facult� de Pharmacie, UMR 7213, CNRS/Universit� de Strasbourg, route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch (France); Weiss, Etienne, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Ecole Sup�rieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, UMR 7242, CNRS/Universit� de Strasbourg, boulevard S�bastien Brant, 67412 Illkirch (France)
Expression of antibody fragments in mammalian cells (intrabodies) is used to probe the target protein or interfere with its biological function. We previously described the in vitro characterisation of a single-chain Fv (scFv) antibody fragment (F5) isolated from an intrabody library that binds to the oncoprotein gankyrin (GK) in solution. Here, we have isolated several other scFvs that interact with GK in the presence of F5 and tested whether they allow, when fused to fluorescent proteins, to detect by FRET endogenous GK in living cells. The binding of pairs of scFvs to GK was analysed by gel filtration and the ability of each scFv to mediate nuclear import/export of GK was determined. Binding between scFv-EGFP and RFP-labelled GK in living cells was detected by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). After co-transfection of two scFvs fused to EGFP and RFP, respectively, which form a tri-molecular complex with GK in vitro, FRET signal was measured. This system allowed us to observe that GK is monomeric and distributed throughout the cytoplasm and nucleus of several cancer cell lines. Our results show that pairs of fluorescently labelled intrabodies can be monitored by FLIM�FRET microscopy and that this technique allows the detection of lowly expressed endogenous proteins in single living cells. Highlights: ? Endogenous GK in living cells was targeted with pairs of fluorescently-tagged scFvs. ? Tri-molecular complexes containing two scFvs and one molecule GK were formed. ? GK was detected using fluorescence lifetime-based FRET imaging. ? GK is monomeric and homogeneously distributed in several cancer cell lines. ? This technique may have many applications in live-cell imaging of endogenous proteins.
Recovery of yttrium from cathode ray tubes and lamps� fluorescent powders: experimental results and economic simulation
Innocenzi, V., E-mail: email@example.com; De Michelis, I.; Ferella, F.; Vegli�, F.
Highlights: � Fluorescent powder of lamps. � Fluorescent powder of cathode ray rubes. � Recovery of yttrium from fluorescent powders. � Economic simulation for the processes to recover yttrium from WEEE. - Abstract: In this paper, yttrium recovery from fluorescent powder of lamps and cathode ray tubes (CRTs) is described. The process for treating these materials includes the following: (a) acid leaching, (b) purification of the leach liquors using sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfide, (c) precipitation of yttrium using oxalic acid, and (d) calcinations of oxalates for production of yttrium oxides. Experimental results have shown that process conditions necessary to purify the solutions and recover yttrium strongly depend on composition of the leach liquor, in other words, whether the powder comes from treatment of CRTs or lamp. In the optimal experimental conditions, the recoveries of yttrium oxide are about 95%, 55%, and 65% for CRT, lamps, and CRT/lamp mixture (called MIX) powders, respectively. The lower yields obtained during treatments of MIX and lamp powders are probably due to the co-precipitation of yttrium together with other metals contained in the lamps powder only. Yttrium loss can be reduced to minimum changing the experimental conditions with respect to the case of the CRT process. In any case, the purity of final products from CRT, lamps, and MIX is greater than 95%. Moreover, the possibility to treat simultaneously both CRT and lamp powders is very important and interesting from an industrial point of view since it could be possible to run a single plant treating fluorescent powder coming from two different electronic wastes.
(Funding source: NASA Grant NNC04GB52G, 2004-2009 and NSF Grant CTS-0086988, 2001-2005) Invention Summary For: "Fluorescence and Fiber-Optics
Narain, Amitabh
and temperature control (with the help of thermo-electric coolers) of the laser housing, fluorescence meter
Optical properties of fluorescent zigzag graphene quantum dots derived from multi-walled carbon nanotubes
Chen, Wei; Li, Fushan, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Wu, Chaoxing; Guo, Tailiang [Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002 (China)
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs), which are edge-bound nanometer-size graphene pieces, have fascinating electronic and optical properties due to their quantum confinement and edge effect. In this paper, GQDs were synthesized by using acid treatment and chemical exfoliation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The structure of the GQDs was investigated by transmission electron microscope. The GQDs have a uniform size distribution, zigzag edge structure and two-dimensional morphology. The results indicated that the GQDs have bright blue emission upon UV excitation. The highly fluorescent GQDs exhibited high water solubility and good stability. It is shown that the acid treatment of MWCNTs leads to the formation of the functional group in zigzag sites, which results in the pH-dependent fluorescence of the GQDs.
Doppler-shifted fluorescence imaging of velocity fields in supersonic reacting flows
Allen, M.G.; Davis, S.J.; Kessler, W.J.; Sonnenfroh, D.M. (Physical Sciences, Inc., Andover, MA (United States))
The application of Doppler-shifted fluorescence imaging of velocity fields in supersonic reacting flows is analyzed. Focussing on fluorescence of the OH molecule in typical H2-air Scramjet flows, the effects of uncharacterized variations in temperature, pressure, and collisional partner composition across the measurement plane are examined. Detailed measurements of the (1,0) band OH lineshape variations in H2-air combustions are used, along with single-pulse and time-averaged measurements of an excimer-pumped dye laser, to predict the performance of a model velocimeter with typical Scramjet flow properties. The analysis demonstrates the need for modification and control of the laser bandshape in order to permit accurate velocity measurements in the presence of multivariant flow properties. 13 refs.
Enhanced-locality fiber-optic two-photon-fluorescence live-brain interrogation
Fedotov, I. V.; Doronina-Amitonova, L. V. [International Laser Center, Physics Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992 (Russian Federation); Russian Quantum Center, ul. Novaya 100, Skolkovo, Moscow Region 1430125 (Russian Federation); Kurchatov Institute National Research Center, Moscow (Russian Federation); Sidorov-Biryukov, D. A.; Fedotov, A. B. [International Laser Center, Physics Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992 (Russian Federation); Russian Quantum Center, ul. Novaya 100, Skolkovo, Moscow Region 1430125 (Russian Federation); Anokhin, K. V. [Kurchatov Institute National Research Center, Moscow (Russian Federation); P.K. Anokhin Institute of Normal Physiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow (Russian Federation); Kilin, S. Ya. [B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk (Belarus); Sakoda, K. [National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044 (Japan); Zheltikov, A. M. [International Laser Center, Physics Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992 (Russian Federation); Russian Quantum Center, ul. Novaya 100, Skolkovo, Moscow Region 1430125 (Russian Federation); Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A and M University, College Station, Texas 77843 (United States); Center of Photochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Novatorov 7a, Moscow 117421 (Russian Federation)
Two-photon excitation is shown to substantially enhance the locality of fiber-based optical interrogation of strongly scattering biotissues. In our experiments, a high-numerical-aperture, large-core-are fiber probe is used to deliver the 200-fs output of a 100-MHz mode-locked ytterbium fiber laser to samples of live mouse brain, induce two-photon fluorescence of nitrogen�vacancy centers in diamond markers in brain sample. Fiber probes with a high numerical aperture and a large core area are shown to enable locality enhancement in fiber-laser�fiber-probe two-photon brain excitation and interrogation without sacrificing the efficiency of fluorescence response collection.
NIST energy related inventions: Electronic starter device for fluorescent lamps. Interim report, August--October, 1997
Johnson, S.A.
From the Scope of Work document which accompanied the original proposal, three silicon devices were anticipated for development, simulation, and quality assurance fabrication. The status of these are in the same format as the Scope of Work...Attachment-A-: Task 1--design and simulation; Task 2--prototype tooling; Task 3--test engineering; Task 4--product tooling; Task 5--package tooling/manufacturing design and assembly. It is felt the program will meet it`s stated goals of producing a low cost, high performance fluorescent lamp starter which will lower the acquisition and operating cost of fluorescent technology...thus saving significant amounts of energy. The likelihood of success is even greater, now that the TN22 component has been qualified. The challenges of creating a custom ASIC, while still significant, are within the skill and expertise level or the assigned engineers.
Approximate Marginalization of Absorption and Scattering in Fluorescence Diffuse Optical Tomography
Mozumder, Meghdoot; Arridge, Simon; Kaipio, Jari P; d'Andrea, Cosimo; Kolehmainen, Ville
In fluorescence diffuse optical tomography (fDOT), the reconstruction of the fluorophore concentration inside the target body is usually carried out using a normalized Born approximation model where the measured fluorescent emission data is scaled by measured excitation data. One of the benefits of the model is that it can tolerate inaccuracy in the absorption and scattering distributions that are used in the construction of the forward model to some extent. In this paper, we employ the recently proposed Bayesian approximation error approach to fDOT for compensating for the modeling errors caused by the inaccurately known optical properties of the target in combination with the normalized Born approximation model. The approach is evaluated using a simulated test case with different amount of error in the optical properties. The results show that the Bayesian approximation error approach improves the tolerance of fDOT imaging against modeling errors caused by inaccurately known absorption and scattering of the...
Treatability study for removal of leachable mercury in crushed fluorescent lamps
Bostick, W.D.; Beck, D.E.; Bowser, K.T. [and others
Nonserviceable fluorescent lamps removed from radiological control areas at the Oak Ridge Department of Energy facilities have been crushed and are currently managed as mixed waste (hazardous and radiologically contaminated). We present proposed treatment flowsheets and supporting treatability study data for conditioning this solid waste residue so that it can qualify for disposal in a sanitary landfill. Mercury in spent fluorescent lamps occurs primarily as condensate on high-surface-area phosphor material. It can be solubilized with excess oxidants (e.g., hypochlorite solution) and stabilized by complexation with halide ions. Soluble mercury in dechlorinated saline solution is effectively removed by cementation with zero-valent iron in the form of steel wool. In packed column dynamic flow testing, soluble mercury was reduced to mercury metal and insoluble calomel, loading > 1.2 g of mercury per grain of steel wool before an appreciable breakthrough of soluble mercury in the effluent.
Fluorescence line-narrowing studies of rare earths in disordered solids
Hall, D.W.
This dissertation is made up of two experimental studies dealing with apparently diverse topics within the subject of rare earths (RE) in solids. The first study, described in Part II, concerns the vibrations of a disordered host material about an optically active rare-earth ion as manifested by vibrationally-assisted-electronic, or vibronic transitions. Part III of the dissertation describes an investigation of the influence of site anisotropy on the purely electronic, laser transition of Nd/sup 3 +/ in glass. These two studies are bound together by the common experimental technique of laser-induced fluorescence line narrowing (FLN). By exciting fluorescence with monochromatic light of well-characterized polarization, one may select and observe the response of a single subset of the optically active ions and obtain information that is usually masked by the inhomogeneous nature of disordered solids.
Air Fluorescence Calorimetry with the High Resolution Fly's Eye and Telescope Array Experiments
Jui, Charles C. H. [Department of Physics, University of Utah Salt Lake City, Utah (United States)
The air fluorescence technique was first successfully deployed on the Fly's Eye Experiment (1981-1993) by the University of Utah. Its successor, the High Resolution Fly's Eye (HiRes) experiment has further exploited this technique, first in hybrid mode with the MIA muon array (1993-1996), and then in monocular and stereoscopic modes (1997-2006). Results from HiRes will be presented, including evidence for the Greisen-Zatsepin-K'uzmin (GZK) Effect predicted 40 years ago. Most recently, members of the HiRes are collaborating with groups from Japan, led by University of Tokyo, to construct and operate the Telescope Array (TA) experiment, which will deploy a large scintillation-based ground array in combination with fluorescence detectors. Funding for TA in the US has already been approved by NSF. TA will begin operation in 2007.
Precise Measurement of the Absolute Yield of Fluorescence Photons in Atmospheric Gases
Ave, M.; /Karlsruhe, Inst. Technol.; Bohacova, M.; /Chicago U., EFI; Daumiller, K.; /Karlsruhe, Inst. Technol.; Di Carlo, P.; /INFN, Aquila; Di Giulio, C.; /INFN, Rome; Luis, P.Facal San; /Chicago U., EFI; Gonzales, D.; /Karlsruhe U., EKP; Hojvat, C.; /Fermilab; Horandel, J.R.; /Nijmegen U., IMAPP; Hrabovsky, M.; /Palacky U.; Iarlori, M.; /INFN, Aquila /Karlsruhe, Inst. Technol.
We have performed a measurement of the absolute yield of fluorescence photons at the Fermilab Test Beam. A systematic uncertainty at 5% level was achieved by the use of Cherenkov radiation as a reference calibration light source. A cross-check was performed by an independent calibration using a laser light source. A significant improvement on the energy scale uncertainty of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays is expected.
Evaluation of Portable X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) Analyzer for Zirconium-Thickness Measurements
Glenn Moore
This Technical Evaluation Report provides details of preliminary testing/experiments performed using a handheld X-ray fluorescence analyzer. The analyzer will be utilized in upcoming fuel-foil-rolling optimization studies at the INL. The studies are being performed in support of DOE�s Office of Global Threat Reduction -- Reactor Conversion Subprogram. Details of the equipment used, operating parameters, and measurement results are provided in this report.
The measurement of delayed fluorescence in an acrylic based scintillation detector
Hong, Chi-Ho
such as a muon in matter is by electromagnetic interactions that raise the electrons of the detection material to excited energy states. In an acrylic based scintillation detector, this could lead This thesis follows the style of thePhysica! Ifeview D... by a simple power law or by a single exponential's. CHAPTER II THE EXPERIMENT A. Cosmic Ray Counter Telescope In order to study the delayed fluorescence discussed in the previous chapter, we assembled a cosmic ray muon telescope which basically...
MESSENGER detection of electron-induced X-ray fluorescence from Mercury's surface
California at Berkeley, University of
. Rhodes,4 Charles E. Schlemm II,4 Sean C. Solomon,3,5 and Pavel M. Trávnícek6 Received 2 May 2012; revised methodologies. Derived S and Ca abundances are somewhat higher than derived from the solar-induced fluorescence. Schlemm II, S. C. Solomon, and P. M. Trávnícek (2012), MESSENGER detection of electron-induced X
Luminescent studies of fluorescent chromophore-doped silica aerogels for flat panel display applications
Glauser, S.A.C. [California Univ., Davis, CA (United States). Dept. of Applied Science; Lee, H.W.H. [Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA (United States)
The remarkable optical and electronic properties of doped and undoped silica aerogels establish their utility as unique, mulitfunctional host materials for fluorescent dyes and other luminescent materials for display and imaging applications. We present results on the photoluminescence, absorption, and photoluminescence excitation spectra of undoped silica aerogels and aerogels doped with Er{sup 3+}, rhodamine 6G (R6G), and fluorescein. 4 refs., 12 figs.
An evaluation of the pulmonary arterial lesions in canine Dirofilariasis using fluorescent antibody techniques
Obeck, Douglas Koch
AN EVALUATION OF THE PULMONARY ARTERIAL LESIONS IN CANINE DIROFILARIASIS USING FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUES A Thesis by DOUGLAS KOCH OBECK Submitted to the Graduate College of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirement... for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE August 1971 Major Subject: Laboratory Animal Medicine AN EVALUATION OF THE PULMONARY ARTERIAL LESIONS IN CANINE DIROFILARIASIS USING FI UORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUES A Thesis by DOUGLAS KOCH OBECK Approved as to style...
A dosimetry study for a K-fluorescent x-ray system
Beard, Travis Newton
analyzer. Lip thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD-100) were utilized to measure the exposure rates and uniformity of the K-fluorescent beam. These dosimeters are small enough in size to use in most radiation biology experiments. The radiator targets used...-meter (Model 570) with a skin equivalent chamber was used as the standard with which to compare the thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs). Data was available on the spectral energy dependence of the chamber, so that indicated readings could be corrected...
Femtosecond lasing from a fluorescent protein in a one dimensional random cavity
Drane, T M; Shapiro, M; Milner, V
We present evidence of ultrafast random lasing from the fluorescent protein DsRed2 embedded in a random one-dimensional cavity. Lasing is achieved when a purified protein solution, placed inside a layered random medium, is optically excited with a femtosecond pump pulse in the direction perpendicular to the plane of random layers. We demonstrate that pumping with ultrashort pulses resulted in a lasing threshold two orders of magnitude lower than that found for nanosecond excitation.
A Fluorescent Aerogel for Capture and Identification of Interplanetary and Interstellar Dust
Gerardo Dominguez; Andrew J. Westphal; Mark L. F. Phillips; Steven M. Jones
Contemporary interstellar dust has never been analyzed in the laboratory, despite its obvious astronomical importance and its potential as a probe of stellar nucleosynthesis and galactic chemical evolution. Here we report the discovery of a novel fluorescent aerogel which is capable of capturing hypervelocity dust grains and passively recording their kinetic energies. An array of these "calorimetric" aerogel collectors in low earth orbit would lead to the capture and identification of large numbers of interstellar dust grains.
2015-01-28 Issuance: Test Procedure for Fluorescent Lamp Ballasts; Final Rule Correction
Broader source: Energy.gov [DOE]
This document is a pre-publication Federal Register final rule correction regarding test procedures for fluorescent lamp ballasts, as issued by the Deputy Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency on January 28, 2014. Though it is not intended or expected, should any discrepancy occur between the document posted here and the document published in the Federal Register, the Federal Register publication controls. This document is being made available through the Internet solely as a means to facilitate the public's access to this document.
Acceptance of fluorescence detectors and its implication in energy spectrum inference at the highest energies
Vitor de Souza; Gustavo Medina-Tanco; Jeferson A. Ortiz
Along the years HiRes and AGASA experiments have explored the fluorescence and the ground array experimental techniques to measure extensive air showers, being both essential to investigate the ultra-high energy cosmic rays. However, such Collaborations have published contradictory energy spectra for energies above the GZK cut-off. In this article, we investigate the acceptance of fluorescence telescopes to different primary particles at the highest energies. Using CORSIKA and CONEX shower simulations without and with the new pre-showering scheme, which allows photons to interact in the Earth magnetic field, we estimate the aperture of the HiRes-I telescope for gammas, iron nuclei and protons primaries as a function of the number of simulated events and primary energy. We also investigate the possibility that systematic differences in shower development for hadrons and gammas could mask or distort vital features of the cosmic ray energy spectrum at energies above the photo-pion production threshold. The impact of these effects on the true acceptance of a fluorescence detector is analyzed in the context of top-down production models.
Development of magnetic luminescent core/shell nanocomplex particles with fluorescence using Rhodamine 6G
Lee, Hee Uk; Song, Yoon Seok [Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 5 Ga, Anam-Dong, Sungbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-701 (Korea, Republic of)] [Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 5 Ga, Anam-Dong, Sungbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-701 (Korea, Republic of); Park, Chulhwan [Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-Dong, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 139-701 (Korea, Republic of)] [Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-Dong, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 139-701 (Korea, Republic of); Kim, Seung Wook, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 5 Ga, Anam-Dong, Sungbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-701 (Korea, Republic of)
Graphical abstract: Display Omitted Highlights: ? A simple method was developed to synthesize Co-B/SiO{sub 2}/dye/SiO{sub 2} composite particles. ? The magnetic particle shows that highly luminescent and core/shell particles are formed. ? Such core/shell particles can be easily suspended in water. ? The magnetic particles could detect fluorescence for the application of biosensor. -- Abstract: A simple and reproducible method was developed to synthesize a novel class of Co-B/SiO{sub 2}/dye/SiO{sub 2} composite core/shell particles. Using a single cobalt core, Rhodamine 6G of organic dye molecules was entrapped in a silica shell, resulting in core/shell particles of ?200 nm diameter. Analyses using a variety of techniques such as transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, vibration sample magnetometry, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and fluorescence intensity demonstrated that dye molecules were trapped inside the core/shell particles. A photoluminescence investigation showed that highly luminescent and photostable core/shell particles were formed. Such core/shell particles can be easily suspended in water. The synthesized magnetic particles could be used to detect fluorescence on glass substrate arrays for bioassay and biosensor applications.
A method of measuring gold nanoparticle concentrations by x-ray fluorescence for biomedical applications
Wu Di; Li Yuhua; Wong, Molly D.; Liu Hong [Center for Bioengineering and School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019 (United States)
Purpose: This paper reports a technique that enables the quantitative determination of the concentration of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) through the accurate detection of their fluorescence radiation in the diagnostic x-ray spectrum. Methods: Experimentally, x-ray fluorescence spectra of 1.9 and 15 nm GNP solutions are measured using an x-ray spectrometer, individually and within chicken breast tissue samples. An optimal combination of excitation and emission filters is determined to segregate the fluorescence spectra at 66.99 and 68.80 keV from the background scattering. A roadmap method is developed that subtracts the scattered radiation (acquired before the insertion of GNP solutions) from the signal radiation acquired after the GNP solutions are inserted. Results: The methods effectively minimize the background scattering in the spectrum measurements, showing linear relationships between GNP solutions from 0.1% to 10% weight concentration and from 0.1% to 1.0% weight concentration inside a chicken breast tissue sample. Conclusions: The investigation demonstrated the potential of imaging gold nanoparticles quantitatively in vivo for in-tissue studies, but future studies will be needed to investigate the ability to apply this method to clinical applications.
Spatial assessment of net mercury emissions from the use of fluorescent bulbs
Matthew J. Eckelman; Paul T. Anastas; Julie B. Zimmerman [Yale University, New Haven, CT (United States). Department of Chemical Engineering
While fluorescent lighting is an important technology for reducing electrical energy demand, mercury used in the bulbs is an ongoing concern. Using state and country level data, net emissions of mercury from the marginal use of fluorescent lightbulbs are examined for a base year of 2004 for each of the 50 United States and 130 countries. Combustion of coal for electric power generation is generally the largest source of atmospheric mercury pollution; reduction in electricity demand from the substitution of incandescent bulbs with fluorescents leads to reduced mercury emissions during the use of the bulb. This analysis considers the local mix of power sources, coal quality, thermal conversion efficiencies, distribution losses, and any mercury control technologies that might be in place. Emissions of mercury from production and end-of-life treatment of the bulbs are also considered, providing a life-cycle perspective. Net reductions in mercury over the entire life cycle range from -1.2 to 97 mg per bulb depending on the country. The consequences for atmospheric mercury emissions of several policy scenarios are also discussed. 46 refs., 4 figs., 3 tabs.
H_2 Absorption and Fluorescence for Gamma Ray Bursts in Molecular Clouds
B. T. Draine
If a gamma ray burst with strong UV emission occurs in a molecular cloud, there will be observable consequences resulting from excitation of the surrounding H2. The UV pulse from the GRB will pump H2 into vibrationally-excited levels which produce strong absorption at wavelengths < 1650 A. As a result, both the prompt flash and later afterglow will exhibit strong absorption shortward of 1650 A, with specific spectroscopic features. Such a cutoff in the emission from GRB 980329 may already have been observed by Fruchter et al.; if so, GRB 980329 was at redshift 3.0 < z < 4.4 . BVRI photometry of GRB 990510 could also be explained by H2 absorption if GRB 990510 is at redshift 1.6 < z < 2.3. The fluorescence accompanying the UV pumping of the H2 will result in UV emission from the GRB which can extend over days or months, depending on parameters of the ambient medium and beaming of the GRB flash. The 7.5-13.6 eV fluorescent luminosity is \\sim 10^{41.7} erg/s for standard estimates of the parameters of the GRB and the ambient medium. Spectroscopy can distinguish this fluorescent emission from other possible sources of transient optical emission, such as a supernova.
Critical tonicity determination of sperm using fluorescent staining and flow cytometry
Noiles, E.E.; Ruffing, N.A.; Kleinhans, F.W.; Mark, L.A.; Watson, P.F.; Critser, J.K. (Methodist Hospital, Indianapolis, IN (USA)); Horstman, L. (Purdue Univ., Lafayette, IN (USA). School of Veterinary Medicine); Mazur, P. (Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (USA))
The use of cryopreserved, rather than fresh, mammalian semen for artificial insemination confers several important medical and/or economic advantages. However, current methods for cryopreservation of both human and bovine spermatozoa result in approximately only a 50% survival rate with thawing, obviously reducing the fertilizing capacity of the semen. A primary consideration during the cooling process is to avoid intracellular ice crystal formation with its lethal consequences to the cell. Current techniques achieve this by controlling the cooling rate. Computation of the time necessary for this dehydration, and hence, the cooling rate, is dependent upon knowledge of the water permeability coefficient (L{sub {rho}}) and its activation energy. The fluorophore, 6-carboxyfluoroscein diacetate (CFDA), which is nonfluorescent, readily crosses the intact plasma membrane. Intracellular esterases hydrolyze CFDA to 6-carboxyfluoroscein, a fluorescent, membrane-impermeable fluorophore. Consequently, spermatozoa with intact plasma membranes fluoresce bright green (Garner et. al., 1986), but those with disrupted membranes do not. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to use loss of CFDA fluorescence to determine the osmolality at which 50% of the spermatozoa will swell and lyse (critical tonicity, CT). These data will then be used to determine the L{sub {rho}} and its activation energy for sperm, thus increasing the knowledge available in cellular cryopreservation. 15 refs., 3 figs.
Verderber, R.R.
Ur:.V(. ,(lh. Fluorescent Lighting Review of Recent Resultsfrom 30 0 C to 50�C. The lighting system.with core ballastswas conducted to measure the lighting system performance for
Turn-on fluorescence in tetraphenylethylene-based metal-organic frameworks: An alternative to aggregation-induced emission
Shustova, Natalia B.
Coordinative immobilization of functionalized tetraphenylethylene within rigid porous metal�organic frameworks (MOFs) turns on fluorescence in the typically non-emissive tetraphenylethylene core. The matrix coordination-induced ...
Fluorescence relaxation dynamics of CdSe and CdSe/CdS core/shell quantum dots
Kaur, Gurvir; Kaur, Harmandeep [Centre of Advanced Study in Physics, Department of Physics, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014 (India); Tripathi, S. K., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Centre of Advanced Study in Physics, Panjab University, Chandigarh- 160014 (India)
Time-resolved fluorescence spectra for colloidal CdSe and CdSe/CdS core/shell quantum dots have been investigated to know their electron relaxation dynamics at the maximum steady state fluorescence intensity. CdSe core and CdSe/CdS type I core-shell materials with different shell (CdS) thicknesses have been synthesized using mercaptoacetic acid as a capping agent. Steady state absorption and emission studies confirmed successful synthesis of CdSe and CdSe/CdS core-shell quantum dots. The fluorescence shows a tri-exponential decay with lifetimes 57.39, 7.82 and 0.96 ns for CdSe quantum dots. The lifetime of each recombination decreased with growth of CdS shell over the CdSe core, with maximum contribution to fluorescence by the fastest transition.
Fluorescence quenching by photoinduced electron transfer in the Zn[superscript 2+] sensor Zinpyr-1: a computational investigation
Kowalczyk, Timothy Daniel
We report a detailed study of luminescence switching in the fluorescent zinc sensor Zinpyr-1 by density functional methods. A two-pronged approach employing both time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) and constrained ...
Fluorescence enhanced optical tomography on breast phantoms with measurements using a gain modulated intensified CCD imaging system
Godavarty, Anuradha
Fluorescence-enhanced optical imaging using near-infrared (NIR) light developed for in-vivo molecular targeting and reporting of cancer provides promising opportunities for diagnostic imaging. However, prior to the administration of unproven...
Development and applications of pyrene-containing fluorescent probes for monitoring the photodegradation of lignin-rich products
Konya, K.G.; Scaiano, J.C. [Univ. of Ottawa, Ontario (Canada)
o-Quinone moieties produced by irradiation of lignin-rich pulp and paper have been selectively derivatized with pyrene moieties following reaction with P(III) compounds. The results of spectroscopic and time resolved emission studies indicate that the tendency for quinone formation upon UV irradiation is enhanced by bleaching processes, specially by oxidative peroxide treatment. In steady state spectroscopic studies pulp fluorescence interferes with excimer emission. However, pulp fluorescence is a very short-lived process (t {le} 2 ns), and thus time-resolved spectroscopy can differentiate the two processes readily. These studies show some excimer fluorescence, even under conditions of very low pyrene incorporation. This suggests that o-quinone formation occurs in domains or islands, indicating that degradation occurs predominantly in some regions, or that oxidative degradation processes promote further degradation, perhaps by enhancing oxygen permeability. Fluorescence microscopy studies suggest preferential degradation in fines and fragmented fibers. 14 refs., 12 figs.
Polyhalogenated hydrocarbon refrigerants and refrigerant oils colored with fluorescent dyes and method for their use as leak detectors
Parekh, M.
A leak detectable refrigeration composition is described comprising: (A) a refrigeration liquid selection from the group consisting of: (1) a polyhalogenated hydrocarbon refrigerant; (2) a refrigeration oil selected from the group consisting of naphthenic oils, paraffinic oils, alkylated benzenes, silicones, polyglycols, diesters or triesters of dicarboxylic or tricarboxylic acids, and polyalkyl silicate oils, and (3) a mixture of A(1) and A(2), and (B) a fluorescent dye compound or composition comprising the dye selected from the group consisting of: (1) a fluorescent dye selected from the group consisting of perylene, naphthoxanthene, monocyclic aromatic compounds having an organometallic compound, (2) a solution of fluorescent dye in a solvent, and (3) a mixture of B(1) and B(2). The fluorescent dye compound or composition is soluble in the refrigeration liquid. The concentration of the dye being at least 0.001 grams per 100 grams of the refrigeration liquid.
Fluorimetric determination of non-fluorescent dinitroaniline derivative herbicides, using the photoreduction of anthraquinone - 2,6-disulfonate
Traore, S.; Aaron, J.J.
A photoreduction - fluorescence technique has been developed for the quantitative analysis of several dinitroaniline derivative herbicides. The photoreduction of anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate by dinitroanilines generates highly fluorescent dihydroxyanthracene-2,6-disulfonate, in a 20 : 80 vol/vol acetonitrile-water mixture at room temperature. Optimal irradiation times for obtaining a convenient, sensitized fluorescence signal are relatively short, ranging between 2 and 4 min. Linear log-log calibration curves are established over several orders of magnitude in concentration units. The limits of detection range between 0.3 and 4.2 ..mu..g ml/sup -1/. The photoreduction-fluorescence technique is shown to be very convenient, sensitive, and precise for the quantitation of dinitroaniline herbicides.
Development of laser excited atomic fluorescence and ionization methods. Final technical progress report, May 1, 1988--December 31, 1991
Winefordner, J.D.
Progress report: May 1, 1988 to December 31, 1991. The research supported by DE-FG05-88ER13881 during the past (nearly) 3 years can be divided into the following four categories: (1) theoretical considerations of the ultimate detection powers of laser fluorescence and laser ionization methods; (2) experimental evaluation of laser excited atomic fluorescence; (3) fundamental studies of atomic and molecular parameters in flames and plasmas; (4) other studies.
Serum proteins, indirect fluorescent antibody titers and complement fixing antibody titers in dexamethasone exacerbated anaplasmosis carrier calves
Johnson, Lloran Wesley
SERUM PROTEINS, INDIRECT FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TITERS AND COMPLEMENT FIXING ANTIBODY TITERS IN DEXAMETHASONE EXACERBATED ANAPLASMOSIS CARRIER CALVES A Thesis by Lloran Wesley Johnson Submitted to the Graduate College of Texas A%M University... in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of MAS TER 0 F SC I ENC E August 1979 Major Subject: Veterinary Microbiology SERUM PROTEINS, INDIRECT FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TITERS AND COMPLEMENT FIXING ANTIBODY TITERS IN DEXAMETHASONE EXACERBATED...
Recovery of yttrium from fluorescent powder of cathode ray tube, CRT: Zn removal by sulphide precipitation
Innocenzi, Valentina, E-mail: email@example.com [Department of Industrial Engineering and Information and Economy, University of L�Aquila, Via Giovanni Gronchi n.18, Nucleo Ind.le di Pile, 67100 L�Aquila (Italy); De Michelis, Ida; Ferella, Francesco [Department of Industrial Engineering and Information and Economy, University of L�Aquila, Via Giovanni Gronchi n.18, Nucleo Ind.le di Pile, 67100 L�Aquila (Italy); Beolchini, Francesca [Department of Marine Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona (Italy); Kopacek, Bernd [SAT, Austrian Society for Systems Engineering and Automation, Gurkasse 43/2, A-1140 Vienna (Austria); Vegli�, Francesco [Department of Industrial Engineering and Information and Economy, University of L�Aquila, Via Giovanni Gronchi n.18, Nucleo Ind.le di Pile, 67100 L�Aquila (Italy)
Highlights: � Treatment of fluorescent powder of CRT waste. � Factorial experimental designs to study acid leaching of fluorescent powder and the purification of leach liquors. � Recover of yttrium by precipitation using oxalic acid. � Suitable flowsheet to recover yttrium from fluorescent powder. - Abstract: This work is focused on the recovery of yttrium and zinc from fluorescent powder of cathode ray tube (CRT). Metals are extracted by sulphuric acid in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Leaching tests are carried out according to a 2{sup 2} full factorial plan and the highest extraction yields for yttrium and zinc equal to 100% are observed under the following conditions: 3 M of sulphuric acid, 10% v/v of H{sub 2}O{sub 2} concentrated solution at 30% v/v, 10% w/w pulp density, 70 �C and 3 h of reaction. Two series of precipitation tests for zinc are carried out: a 2{sup 2} full factorial design and a completely randomized factorial design. In these series the factors investigated are pH of solution during the precipitation and the amount of sodium sulphide added to precipitate zinc sulphide. The data of these tests are used to describe two empirical mathematical models for zinc and yttrium precipitation yields by regression analysis. The highest precipitation yields for zinc are obtained under the following conditions: pH equal to 2�2.5% and 10�12% v/v of Na{sub 2}S concentrated solution at 10% w/v. In these conditions the coprecipitation of yttrium is of 15�20%. Finally further yttrium precipitation experiments by oxalic acid on the residual solutions, after removing of zinc, show that yttrium could be recovered and calcined to obtain the final product as yttrium oxide. The achieved results allow to propose a CRT recycling process based on leaching of fluorescent powder from cathode ray tube and recovery of yttrium oxide after removing of zinc by precipitation. The final recovery of yttrium is 75�80%.
Phosphors for near UV-Emitting LED's for Efficacious Generation of White Light
McKittrick, Joanna
1) We studied phosphors for near-UV (nUV) LED application as an alternative to blue LEDs currently being used in SSL systems. We have shown that nUV light sources could be very efficient at high current and will have significantly less binning at both the chip and phosphor levels. We identified phosphor blends that could yield 4100K lamps with a CRI of approximately 80 and LPWnUV,opt equal to 179 for the best performing phosphor blend. Considering the fact that the lamps were not optimized for light coupling, the results are quite impressive. The main bottleneck is an optimum blue phosphor with a peak near 440 nm with a full width half maximum of about 25 nm and a quantum efficiency of >95%. Unfortunately, that may be a very difficult task when we want to excite a phosphor at ~400 nm with a very small margin for Stokes shift. Another way is to have all the phosphors in the blend having the excitation peak at 400 nm or slightly shorter wavelength. This could lead to a white light source with no body color and optimum efficacy due to no self-absorption effects by phosphors in the blend. This is even harder than finding an ideal blue phosphor, but not necessarily impossible. 2) With the phosphor blends identified, light sources using nUV LEDs at high current could be designed with comparable efficacy to those using blue LEDs. It will allow us to design light sources with multiple wattages using the same chips and phosphor blends simply by varying the input current. In the case of blue LEDs, this is not currently possible because varying the current will lower the efficacy at high current and alter the color point. With improvement of phosphor blends, control over CRI could improve. Less binning at the chip level and also at the phosphor blend level could reduce the cost of SSL light sources. 3) This study provided a deeper understanding of phosphor characteristics needed for LEDs in general and nUV LEDs in particular. Two students received Ph.D. degrees and three undergraduates participated in this work. Two of the undergraduate students are now in graduate school. The results were widely disseminated � 20 archival journal publications (published, accepted or in preparation) and three conference proceedings resulted. The students presented their work at 11 different national/international conferences (32 oral or poster presentations) and the PI�s delivered 12 invited, keynote or plenary lectures.
Compact Fluorescent Lighting in America: Lessons Learned on the Way to Market
Sandahl, Linda J.; Gilbride, Theresa L.; Ledbetter, Marc R.; Steward, Heidi E.; Calwell, Chris
This report describes the history of compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) in America. CFLs were introduced in the 1970s; however, it has taken more than 20 years for them to gain widespread recognition in the U.S. residential lighting market. This report reviews the development of CFLs, efforts to increase market acceptance of them, and barriers to that acceptance. Lessons to be learned from this study of CFLs are identified in hopes of assisting future market introduction efforts for other promising energy-efficient technologies. This report was prepared by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory for the U.S. Department of Energy�s Office of Building Technologies, Emerging Technologies Program.
The performance of the corrector lenses for the Auger fluorescence detector
Sato, Ricardo; Escobar, Carlos O.; /Campinas State U.
We present an analysis of the effect that the corrector lenses (Schmidt Optics) have on the overall performance of the Auger Fluorescence Detector. The analysis uses real data from the telescopes. Figures of merit for the corrector lenses performance include shower trigger rate and the distribution of the distance of closest approach to the shower axis. As a result of this analysis we may say that the effective light collection area of a telescope nearly doubles with the use of a corrector lens at its aperture.
Signatures of hot electrons and fluorescence in Mo K? emission on Z
Hansen, S. B.; Ampleford, D. J.; Cuneo, M. E.; Jones, B.; Jennings, C. A.; Coverdale, C. A.; Rochau, G. A.; Dunham, G. [Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185 (United States)] [Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185 (United States); Ouart, N.; Dasgupta, A.; Giuliani, J. L. [Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375 (United States)] [Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375 (United States); Apruzese, J. P. [Consultant to NRL through Engility Corp., Chantilly, Virginia 20151 (United States)] [Consultant to NRL through Engility Corp., Chantilly, Virginia 20151 (United States)
Recent experiments on the Z accelerator have produced high-energy (17?keV) inner-shell K-alpha emission from molybdenum wire array z-pinches. Extensive absolute power and spectroscopic diagnostics along with collisional-radiative modeling enable detailed investigation into the roles of thermal, hot electron, and fluorescence processes in the production of high-energy x-rays. We show that changing the dimensions of the arrays can impact the proportion of thermal and non-thermal K-shell x-rays.
Fluorescence emission as a probe to investigate electrochemical polymerization of 9-vinylanthracene
Kamat, P.V.
The cationic polymerization of 9-vinylanthracene can be initiated at a transparent SnO/sub 2/ electrode with the application of anodic potentials (E > 1.1 V vs. saturated sodium chloride calomel electrode) in acetonitrile solutions. The excimer emission (emission maximum approx.500 nm) of poly(9-vinyl-anthracene) which is distinguishable from the monomer fluorescence emission (emission maxima 410, 430 nm) has been used to probe the electrochemical polymerization process directly. The in situ spectroelectrochemical technique, which would be useful in obtaining kinetic and mechanistic information of the electropolymerization process, is described.
Methods and kits for nucleic acid analysis using fluorescence resonance energy transfer
Kwok, Pui-Yan (Clayton, MO); Chen, Xiangning (St. Louis, MO)
A method for detecting the presence of a target nucleotide or sequence of nucleotides in a nucleic acid is disclosed. The method is comprised of forming an oligonucleotide labeled with two fluorophores on the nucleic acid target site. The doubly labeled oligonucleotide is formed by addition of a singly labeled dideoxynucleoside triphosphate to a singly labeled polynucleotide or by ligation of two singly labeled polynucleotides. Detection of fluorescence resonance energy transfer upon denaturation indicates the presence of the target. Kits are also provided. The method is particularly applicable to genotyping.
Fluorescence method for enzyme analysis which couples aromatic amines with aromatic aldehydes
Smith, R.E.; Dolbeare, F.A.
Analysis of proteinases is accomplished using conventional amino acid containing aromatic amine substrates. Aromatic amines such as 4-methoxy-2-naphthylamine (4M2NA), 2-naphthylamine, aminoisophthalic acid dimethyl ester, p-nitroaniline, 4-methoxy-1-aminofluorene and coumarin derivatives resulting from enzymatic hydrolysis of the substrate couples with aromatic aldehydes such as 5-nitrosalicylaldehyde (5-NSA), benzaldehyde and p-nitrobenzaldehyde to produce Schiff-base complexes which are water insoluble. Certain Schiff-base complexes produce a shift from blue to orange-red (visible) fluorescence. Such complexes are useful in the assay of enzymes. No Drawings
Fluorescence method for enzyme analysis which couples aromatic amines with aromatic aldehydes
Smith, Robert E. [557 Escondido Cir., Livermore, CA 94550; Dolbeare, Frank A. [5178 Diane La., Livermore, CA 94550
Analysis of proteinases is accomplished using conventional amino acid containing aromatic amine substrates. Aromatic amines such as 4-methoxy-2-naphthylamine (4M2NA), 2-naphthylamine, aminoisophthalic acid dimethyl ester, p-nitroaniline, 4-methoxy-1-aminofluorene and coumarin derivatives resulting from enzymatic hydrolysis of the substrate couples with aromatic aldehydes such as 5-nitrosalicylaldehyde (5-NSA), benzaldehyde and p-nitrobenzaldehyde to produce Schiff-base complexes which are water insoluble. Certain Schiff-base complexes produce a shift from blue to orange-red (visible) fluorescence. Such complexes are useful in the assay of enzymes.
In-Situ Silver Acetylide Silver Nitrate Explosive Deposition Measurements Using X-Ray Fluorescence.
Covert, Timothy T.
The Light Initiated High Explosive facility utilized a spray deposited coating of silver acetylide - silver nitrate explosive to impart a mechanical shock into targets of interest. A diagnostic was required to measure the explosive deposition in - situ. An X - ray fluorescence spectrometer was deployed at the facility. A measurement methodology was developed to measure the explosive quantity with sufficient accuracy. Through the use of a tin reference material under the silver based explosive, a field calibration relationship has been developed with a standard deviation of 3.2 % . The effect of the inserted tin material into the experiment configuration has been explored.
A simple evaluation of global and diffuse Luminous Efficacy for all sky conditions in tropical and humid climate
Boyer, Edmond
reason that prompts us to study these luminous efficacy values is that simulation software for buildings introduced in the software enables illuminance values simulation using solar irradiance databases. Firstly obtained are used in CODYRUN 2 simulation software for predicted illuminance values in Reunion Island. 2
199USDAForestServiceGen.Tech.Rep.PSW-GTR-160.1997. Efficacy of HerbicideApplication Methods
Standiford, Richard B.
version of this paper was presented at the Symposium on Oak Woodlands: Ecology,Management,andUrban199USDAForestServiceGen.Tech.Rep.PSW-GTR-160.1997. Efficacy of HerbicideApplication Methods Used tanoak (although tanoak is presently useful for fuelwood in the Santa Cruz area). Finding an effective
The efficacy of salmon carcass analogs for enhancing stream and fish production in the Wind River watershed
The efficacy of salmon carcass analogs for enhancing stream and fish production in the Wind River watershed, Washington, to evaluate the effects of nutrient enhancement on measures of stream and fish production. We compared low level water chemistry, water quality, and periphyton, insect, and fish production
Conformation and dynamics of nucleotides in bulges and symmetric internal loops in duplex DNA studied by EPR and fluorescence spectroscopies
Cekan, Pavol [University of Iceland, Science Institute, Dunhaga 3, 107 Reykjavik (Iceland)] [University of Iceland, Science Institute, Dunhaga 3, 107 Reykjavik (Iceland); Sigurdsson, Snorri Th., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [University of Iceland, Science Institute, Dunhaga 3, 107 Reykjavik (Iceland)
Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Bulges and loops were studied by both EPR and fluorescence spectroscopies using the probe C/C{sup f}. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer One-base bulge was in a temperature-dependent equilibrium between looped-out and stacked states. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Bases in two- and three-base bulges were stacked at all temperatures, resulting in DNA bending. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Bases were stacked in symmetrical two- to five-base internal loops, according to EPR data. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Unexpectedly high fluorescence for the smaller loops indicated local structural perturbations. -- Abstract: The dynamics and conformation of base bulges and internal loops in duplex DNA were studied using the bifunctional spectroscopic probe C, which becomes fluorescent (C{sup f}) upon reduction of the nitroxide functional group, along with EPR and fluorescence spectroscopies. A one-base bulge was in a conformational equilibrium between looped-out and stacked states, the former favored at higher temperature and the latter at lower temperature. Stacking of bulge bases was favored in two- and three-base bulges, independent of temperature, resulting in DNA bending as evidenced by increased fluorescence of C{sup f}. EPR spectra of C-labeled three-, four- and five-base symmetrical interior DNA bulges at 20 Degree-Sign C showed low mobility, indicating that the spin-label was stacked within the loop. The spin-label mobility at 37 Degree-Sign C increased as the loops became larger. A considerable variation in fluorescence between different loops was observed, as well as a temperature-dependence within constructs. Fluorescence unexpectedly increased as the size of the loop decreased at 2 Degree-Sign C. Fluorescence of the smallest loops, where a single T{center_dot}T mismatch was located between the stem region and the probe, was even larger than for the single strand, indicating a considerable local structural deformation of these loops from regular B-DNA. These results show the value of combining EPR and fluorescence spectroscopy to study non-helical regions of nucleic acids.
X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) Analysis of Obsidian Artifacts from the Spur Cross Ranch Site, AZ U:1:12 (ASU)
Shackley, M. Steven
r. X-RAY FLUORESCENCE (XRF) ANALYSIS OF OBSIDIAN ARTIFACTS62:426-437. SOUTHWEST XRF PAPER C_' Table 1. INTEGRATED
Standard test method for determination of uranium or gadolinium (or both) in gadolinium oxide-uranium oxide pellets or by X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
American Society for Testing and Materials. Philadelphia
Standard test method for determination of uranium or gadolinium (or both) in gadolinium oxide-uranium oxide pellets or by X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
Status of the Silicon Photomultiplier Telescope FAMOUS for the Fluorescence Detection of UHECRs
Niggemann, Tim; Brogueira, Pedro; Bueno, Antonio; Eichler, Hans Michael; Ferreira, Miguel; Hebbeker, Thomas; Lauscher, Markus; Mendes, Lu�s; Middendorf, Lukas; Navas, Sergio; Peters, Christine; Pimenta, M�rio; Ruiz, Angel; Schumacher, Johannes; Stephan, Maurice
An established technique for the measurement of ultra-high-energy-cosmic-rays is the detection of the fluorescence light induced in the atmosphere of the Earth, by means of telescopes equipped with photomultiplier tubes. Silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) promise an increase in the photon detection efficiency which outperforms conventional photomultiplier tubes. In combination with their compact package, a moderate bias voltage of several ten volt and single photon resolution, the use of SiPMs can improve the energy and spatial resolution of air fluorescence measurements, and lead to a gain in information on the primary particle. Though, drawbacks like a high dark-noise-rate and a strong temperature dependency have to be managed. FAMOUS is a refracting telescope prototype instrumented with 64 SiPMs of which the main optical element is a Fresnel lens of 549.7 mm diameter and 502.1 mm focal length. The sensitive area of the SiPMs is increased by a special light collection system consisting of Winston cones. The t...
Laser induced coal fluorescence. Tenth quarterly technical progress report, January 1-March 31, 1985
Borst, W.L.
The work performed during this period consisted of the completion of time resolved data acquisition and reduction of New Albany shale rank series, preliminary testing of a new deconvolution method, and the writing of additional software. The data acquisition consisted of 21 decay curves, one taken every 10nm over the fluorescence emission range of 450 to 650nm for each alginite maceral investigated. Approximately five alginite macerals were examined from each of the thirteen samples making a total of 61 macerals (1281 decay curves). The decay data were deconvoluted, resulting in decay times and percentages of fluorescing compounds as a function of wavelength. Because of the massive amount of data we are able to collect in a relatively short time and the fact that the current iterative deconvolution method requires a relatively large amount of time, it became imperative that a new deconvolution method be investigated. The new method was suggested by Dr. Robert Zitter, and, for the purpose of this report, is tentatively named the ''Zitter Method.'' The software written during this period consisted primarily of additional data storage and presentation routines. 14 figs., 2 tabs.
Validation of the Real and Simulated Data of the Pierre Auger Fluorescence Telescopes
The Pierre Auger Collaboration; L. Perrone
The fluorescence detector (FD) of the Pierre Auger Observatory is currently operating 18 fluorescence telescopes of the 24 that will be employed in the completed detector. These telescopes, grouped in 4 eyes each consisting of 6 telescopes, measure the longitudinal profile of cosmic ray showers with a 14% duty cycle. The reconstruction capability and triggering efficiency have been studied using a complete simulation and reconstruction production chain, employing both simulated CORSIKA showers and parameterised Gaisser-Hillas profiles. The propagation through the atmosphere and the detector response are taken into account and simulated in detail. These simulated data have been generated in a preliminary analysis using the method of importance sampling to efficiently cover the energy region of 0.3 - 300 EeV, various shower geometries and impact points and different primary particles. The distributions of observables have then been investigated in both real and simulated data, facilitating the validation of the reconstruction and simulation software. Comparisons of real and simulated data are discussed and used to assess their impact on the data analysis.
3D optical sectioning with a new hyperspectral confocal fluorescence imaging system.
Nieman, Linda T.; Sinclair, Michael B.; Davidson, George S.; Van Benthem, Mark Hilary; Haaland, David Michael; Timlin, Jerilyn Ann; Sasaki, Darryl Yoshio; Bachand, George David; Jones, Howland D. T.
A novel hyperspectral fluorescence microscope for high-resolution 3D optical sectioning of cells and other structures has been designed, constructed, and used to investigate a number of different problems. We have significantly extended new multivariate curve resolution (MCR) data analysis methods to deconvolve the hyperspectral image data and to rapidly extract quantitative 3D concentration distribution maps of all emitting species. The imaging system has many advantages over current confocal imaging systems including simultaneous monitoring of numerous highly overlapped fluorophores, immunity to autofluorescence or impurity fluorescence, enhanced sensitivity, and dramatically improved accuracy, reliability, and dynamic range. Efficient data compression in the spectral dimension has allowed personal computers to perform quantitative analysis of hyperspectral images of large size without loss of image quality. We have also developed and tested software to perform analysis of time resolved hyperspectral images using trilinear multivariate analysis methods. The new imaging system is an enabling technology for numerous applications including (1) 3D composition mapping analysis of multicomponent processes occurring during host-pathogen interactions, (2) monitoring microfluidic processes, (3) imaging of molecular motors and (4) understanding photosynthetic processes in wild type and mutant Synechocystis cyanobacteria.
Fluorescent growth bands in irradiated-bitumen nodules: Evidence of episodic hydrocarbon migration
Rasmussen, B. [Univ. of Western Australia, Nedlands (Australia)
Minute rims of solid bitumen ({approximately}40-50 {mu}m thick) surround detrital radioactive grains in the Permian-Triassic sandstones and Arranoo Member of the Kockatea Shale from the northern Perth basin, Australia. The bitumen formed as Th- and U-bearing minerals (monazite, xenotime, zircon, thorite) irradiated and immobilized fluid hydrocarbons coming within range of alpha-particle emissions. using transmitted light and scanning electron microscopy and rims appear compositionally homogeneous, but under blue/violet epifluorescent illumination the bitumen displays complex concentric and contorted banding. These fluorescent textures indicate that multiple influxes of hydrocarbons passed through the reservoir sandstones. Following radiation-induced immobilization of hydrocarbons from the first oil influx, the bitumen nodules grew through a process of swelling and expansion outward form the mineral core during subsequent oil influxes, producing graded fluorescent growth bands. Oil droplets and lamellae also were adsorbed onto the outer portion of the nodules. Such bitumen nodules are a new and potentially important source of data for understanding the movement of hydrocarbons in sedimentary basins, specifically for identifying hydrocarbon pathways, the number of discrete hydrocarbon pulses, and the relative timing of oil migration.
Isotopic imaging via nuclear resonance fluorescence with laser-based Thomson radiation
Barty, Christopher P. J. (Hayward, CA); Hartemann, Frederic V. (San Ramon, CA); McNabb, Dennis P. (Alameda, CA); Pruet, Jason A. (Brentwood, CA)
The present invention utilizes novel laser-based, high-brightness, high-spatial-resolution, pencil-beam sources of spectrally pure hard x-ray and gamma-ray radiation to induce resonant scattering in specific nuclei, i.e., nuclear resonance fluorescence. By monitoring such fluorescence as a function of beam position, it is possible to image in either two dimensions or three dimensions, the position and concentration of individual isotopes in a specific material configuration. Such methods of the present invention material identification, spatial resolution of material location and ability to locate and identify materials shielded by other materials, such as, for example, behind a lead wall. The foundation of the present invention is the generation of quasimonochromatic high-energy x-ray (100's of keV) and gamma-ray (greater than about 1 MeV) radiation via the collision of intense laser pulses from relativistic electrons. Such a process as utilized herein, i.e., Thomson scattering or inverse-Compton scattering, produces beams having diameters from about 1 micron to about 100 microns of high-energy photons with a bandwidth of .DELTA.E/E of approximately 10E.sup.-3.
Study of scintillation, fluorescence and scattering in mineral oil for the MiniBooNE neutrino detector
Brown, Bruce C.; Brice, Stephen; Hawker, Eric; Maza, Shannon; Meyer, Hans-Otto; Pla-Dalmau, Anna; Tayloe, Rex; Tanaka, Hirohisa A.; Toptygin, Dmitri; /Fermilab /Western
The MiniBooNE neutrino detector at Fermilab (FNAL) is filled with 250,000 gallons of pure mineral oil. The principal signal for MiniBooNE is light observed in a prompt Cherenkov cone. Scattering and fluorescence modify our detection of this light. Scintillation is also created by ionization in the oil. Studies of fluorescence of this oil have been carried out over a wide spectrum of exciting light and time resolved fluorescence with a narrower range of excitation. Polarized scattering measurements have been carried out at longer wavelengths. Time resolved and spectrally resolved scintillation has been studied with a 200 MeV Proton beam at the Indiana University Cyclotron Facility. Results of these studies will be reported.
Assessing the Efficacy of the Aerobic Methanotrophic Biofilter in Methane Hydrate Environments
Valentine, David
In October 2008 the University of California at Santa Barbara (UCSB) initiated investigations of water column methane oxidation in methane hydrate environments, through a project funded by the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) entitled: assessing the efficacy of the aerobic methanotrophic biofilter in methane hydrate environments. This Final Report describes the scientific advances and discoveries made under this award as well as the importance of these discoveries in the broader context of the research area. Benthic microbial mats inhabit the sea floor in areas where reduced chemicals such as sulfide reach the more oxidizing water that overlies the sediment. We set out to investigate the role that methanotrophs play in such mats at locations where methane reaches the sea floor along with sulfide. Mats were sampled from several seep environments and multiple sets were grown in-situ at a hydrocarbon seep in the Santa Barbara Basin. Mats grown in-situ were returned to the laboratory and used to perform stable isotope probing experiments in which they were treated with 13C-enriched methane. The microbial community was analyzed, demonstrating that three or more microbial groups became enriched in methane?s carbon: methanotrophs that presumably utilize methane directly, methylotrophs that presumably consume methanol excreted by the methanotrophs, and sulfide oxidizers that presumably consume carbon dioxide released by the methanotrophs and methylotrophs. Methanotrophs reached high relative abundance in mats grown on methane, but other bacterial processes include sulfide oxidation appeared to dominate mats, indicating that methanotrophy is not a dominant process in sustaining these benthic mats, but rather a secondary function modulated by methane availability. Methane that escapes the sediment in the deep ocean typically dissolved into the overlying water where it is available to methanotrophic bacteria. We set out to better understand the efficacy of this process as a biofilter by studying the distribution of methane oxidation and disposition of methanotrophic populations in the Pacific Ocean. We investigated several environments including the basins offshore California, the continental margin off Central America, and the shallow waters around gas seeps. We succeeded in identifying the distributions of activity in these environments, identified potential physical and chemical controls on methanotrophic activity, we further revealed details about the methanotrophic communities active in these settings, and we developed new approaches to study methanotrophic communities. These findings should improve our capacity to predict the methanotrophic response in ocean waters, and further our ability to generate specific hypotheses as to the ecology and efficacy of pelagic methanotrophic communites. The discharge of methane and other hydrocarbons to Gulf of Mexico that followed the sinking of the Deepwater Horizon provided a unique opportunity to study the methanotorphic biofilter in the deep ocean environment. We set out to understand the consumption of methane and the bloom of methanotrophs resulting from this event, as a window into the regional scale release of gas hydrate under rapid warming scenarios. We found that other hydrocarbon gases, notably propane and ethane, were preferred for consumption over methane, but that methane consumption accelerated rapidly and drove the depletion of methane within a matter of months after initial release. These results revealed the identity of the responsible community, and point to the importance of the seed population in determining the rate at which a methanotrophic community is able to respond to an input of methane. Collectively, these results provide a significant advance in our understanding of the marine methanotrohic biofilter, and further provide direction and context for future investigations of this important phenomenon. This project has resulted in fourteen publications to date, with five more circulating in draft form, and several others planned.
Near-infrared fluorescence glucose sensing based on glucose/galactose-binding protein coupled to 651-Blue Oxazine
Khan, Faaizah; Pickup, John C., E-mail: email@example.com
Highlights: �We showed that the NIR fluorophore, 651-Blue Oxazine, is solvatochromic (polarity sensitive). �Blue Oxazine was covalently attached to mutants of glucose/galactose-binding protein (GBP). �Fluorescence intensity of GBP-Blue Oxazine increased with addition of glucose. �Fluorescence from bead-immobilised GBP-Blue Oxazine was detectable through skin in vitro. �This shows proof-of-concept for non-invasive glucose sensing using GBP-Blue Oxazine. -- Abstract: Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent dyes that are environmentally sensitive or solvatochromic are useful tools for protein labelling in in vivo biosensor applications such as glucose monitoring in diabetes since their spectral properties are mostly independent of tissue autofluorescence and light scattering, and they offer potential for non-invasive analyte sensing. We showed that the fluorophore 651-Blue Oxazine is polarity-sensitive, with a marked reduction in NIR fluorescence on increasing solvent polarity. Mutants of glucose/galactose-binding protein (GBP) used as the glucose receptor were site-specifically and covalently labelled with Blue Oxazine using click chemistry. Mutants H152C/A213R and H152C/A213R/L238S showed fluorescence increases of 15% and 21% on addition of saturating glucose concentrations and binding constants of 6 and 25 mM respectively. Fluorescence responses to glucose were preserved when GBP-Blue Oxazine was immobilised to agarose beads, and the beads were excited by NIR light through a mouse skin preparation studied in vitro. We conclude GBP-Blue Oxazine shows proof-of-concept as a non-invasive continuous glucose sensing system.
Evaluation of a portable x-ray fluorescence survey meter for the quantitative determination of trace metals in welding fumes
Fehrenbacher, Mary Catherine
Spectrometry Sensitivity Excitation Sources 12 16 Spectrometers and Detectors SHIELDED METAL ARC WELDING Health Effects of Welding THE PORTABLE X ? RAY FLUORESCENCE SURVEY METER METHODOLOGY RESULTS DISCUSSION OF RESULTS CAELUS I QblS RECQvfvt... Appendix C Basic Principle of AAS VITA Page 65 66 67 68 76 84 V1 11 LIST OF FIGURES Page 1. Transitions giving x-radiation 2. Fluorescent yield 3. Interaction of x-rays with matter 4. Particle size effects on x-ray intensity. . . 15 5...
Analysis of nuclear materials by energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence and spectral effects of alpha decay
Worley, Christopher G [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectra collected from alpha emitters are complicated by artifacts inherent to the alpha decay process, particularly when using portable instruments. For example, {sup 239}Pu EDXRF spectra exhibit a prominent uranium L X-ray emission peak series due to sample alpha decay rather than source-induced X-ray fluorescence. A portable EDXRF instrument was used to collect spectra from plutonium, americium, and a Pu-contaminated steel sample. The plutonium sample was also analyzed by wavelength dispersive XRF to demonstrate spectral differences observed when using these very different instruments.
PhotochemisfvondPhofobiology. 1971 . Vol. 14,pp. 667-682. PergamonPress. Printed in Great Britain FLUORESCENCE INDUCTION IN THE RED ALGA
FLUORESCENCE INDUCTION IN THE RED ALGA PORPHYRIDIUM CRUENTUM P. MOHANTY, G. PAPAGEORGIOU* and GOVINDJEE in the red alga Porphyridium cruentum. Both the fast and the slow fluorescence yield changes are affected algae both in the fast (sec) and in the slow (min) region (see Refs. [l-31). Characteristic points
Fluorescence lifetimes and linewidths of dye in photonic crystals Mischa Megens, Judith E. G. J. Wijnhoven, Ad Lagendijk, and Willem L. Vos*
Vos, Willem L.
Fluorescence lifetimes and linewidths of dye in photonic crystals Mischa Megens, Judith E. G. J fluorescence lifetimes of dye incorporated in high-quality photonic crystals, made of colloidal spheres in a cavity. The effects of homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadening of the emission spectrum of dye inside
Reduced Fluorescence Quenching of Cyclodextrin-Acetylene Dye Rotaxanes Jong S. Park, James N. Wilson, Kenneth I. Hardcastle, Uwe H. F. Bunz,*, and
Srinivasarao, Mohan
Reduced Fluorescence Quenching of Cyclodextrin-Acetylene Dye Rotaxanes Jong S. Park, James email@example.com; email@example.com Fluorescent dyes behave differently when trapped inside the cavity of cyclodextrins (CDs).1-5 When cyanine dyes, with extended conjugation, were encapsulated within CDs
Ultrafast Excited-State Dynamics in the Green Fluorescent Protein Variant S65T/ H148D. 2. Unusual Photophysical Properties
Boxer, Steven G.
Ultrafast Excited-State Dynamics in the Green Fluorescent Protein Variant S65T/ H148D. 2. Unusual, California 94305-5080, and Institute of Molecular Biology and Department of Physics, UniVersity of Oregon of this variant at pH 5.6 by ultrafast fluorescence upconversion spectroscopy. Following excitation at 400 nm
X-ray fluorescence observations of the moon by SMART-1/D-CIXS and the first detection of Ti Ka from the lunar surface
Wieczorek, Mark
X-ray fluorescence observations of the moon by SMART-1/D-CIXS and the first detection of Ti Ka from s t r a c t The demonstration of a compact imaging X-ray spectrometer (D-CIXS), which flew on ESA new technologies for orbital X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. D-CIXS conducted observations
Lunar X-ray fluorescence observations by the Chandrayaan-1 X-ray Spectrometer (C1XS): Results from the nearside southern highlands
Wieczorek, Mark
Lunar X-ray fluorescence observations by the Chandrayaan-1 X-ray Spectrometer (C1XS): Results from Spectroscopy a b s t r a c t The Chandrayaan-1 X-ray Spectrometer (C1XS) flown on-board the first Indian lunar mission Chan- drayaan-1, measured X-ray fluorescence spectra during several episodes of solar flares
100-OL-1 Operable Unit Field Portable X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) Analyzer Pilot Study Plans
Bunn, Amoret L.; Fritz, Brad G.; Wellman, Dawn M.
A pilot study is being conducted to support the approval of the Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study (RI/FS) Work Plan to evaluate the 100-OL-1 Operable Unit (OU) pre-Hanford orchard lands. Based on comments received by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Washington State Department of Ecology, the pilot study will evaluate the use of field portable X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry measurements for evaluating lead and arsenic concentrations on the soil surface as an indicator of past use of lead arsenate pesticide residue in the OU. The work will be performed in the field during the summer of 2014, and assist in the planning for the characterization activities in the RI/FS.
Reverse engineering the ancient ceramic technology based on X-ray fluorescence spectromicroscopy
Sciau, Philippe; Leon, Yoanna; Goudeau, Philippe; Fakra, Sirine C.; Webb, Sam; Mehta, Apurva
We present results of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) microprobe analyses of ancient ceramic cross-sections aiming at deciphering the different firing protocols used for their production. Micro-focused XRF elemental mapping, Fe chemical mapping and Fe K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy were performed on pre-sigillata ceramics from southern Gaul, and terra Sigillata vessels from Italy and southern Gaul. Pieces from the different workshops and regions showed significant difference in the starting clay material, clay conditioning and kiln firing condition. By contrast, sherds from the same workshop exhibited more subtle differences and possible misfirings. Understanding the precise firing conditions and protocols would allow recreation of kilns for various productions. Furthermore, evolution and modification of kiln design would shed some light on how ancient potters devised solutions to diverse technological problems they encountered.
Fluorescent of C-dot composite thin films and its properties
Mahen, Ea Cahya Septia, E-mail: email@example.com; Nuryadin, Bebeh W., E-mail: email@example.com; Iskandar, Ferry, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Abdullah, Mikrajuddin, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Khairurrijal, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung, 40132 (Indonesia)
In the present work, we report the preparation of a fluorescent carbon nanodots (C-dots) epoxy composite thin films on a glass substrate. C-dots were prepared directly by a simple hydrothermal method using citric acid as a carbon source. The C-dots solutions were mixed with a transparent epoxy resin to form C-dot epoxy composite. Furthermore, the composite precursor was deposited on the glass substrate using a spin coating method in order to fabricate C-dot epoxy composite thin film. The transmittance intensity of C-dot composite film reached up to 90% in the visible light spectra. Using Swanopoel method, the film thickness of fabricated C-dot composite film was determined at about 1.45 ?m, a value lies in a typical range needed for a wide range application. Thus, the C-dot composite film is promising in broadening applications in various fields such as energy conversion, optoelectronics, and display technology.
Fabrication of fluorescent composite with ultrafast aqueous synthesized high luminescent CdTe quantum dots
Zhang, Lei, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Chen, Haibin, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: email@example.com; Wu, Jingshen, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong and Fok Ying Tung Graduate School, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Hong Kong); Bi, Xianghong, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Fok Ying Tung Graduate School, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Hong Kong)
Without precursor preparation, inert gas protection and enormous amount of additives and reductants, CdTe quantum dots (QDs) can be rapidly synthesized with high quality. A 600 nm photoluminescence peak wavelength could be obtained within 1 hour's refluxing through minimal addition of 1,2-diaminoethane (DAE). The theoretical design for the experiments are illustrated and further proved by the characterization results with different concentrations and reagents. On the other hand, generation of CdTe QDs was found even under room temperature by applying droplet quantity of DAE. This indicates that QDs can be synthesized with simply a bottle and no enormous additives required. The QDs were mixed into the epoxy matrix through solution casting method with cetyltrimethylammonium (CTA) capping for phase transfer. The acquired epoxy based nanocomposite exhibits good transparency, compatibility and fluorescence.
Identification Of Natural Dyes On Archaeological Textile Objects Using Laser Induced Fluorescent Technique
Abdel-Kareem, O. [Conservation Department, Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo University (Egypt); Eltokhy, A.; Harith, M. A. [National Institute of Laser Enhanced Science, Cairo University (Egypt)
This study aims to evaluate the use of Laser Fluorescent as a non-destructive technique for identification of natural dyes on archaeological textile objects. In this study wool textile samples were dyed with 10 natural dyes such as cochineal, cutch, henna, indigo, Lac, madder, safflower, saffron, sumac and turmeric. These dyes common present on archaeological textile objects to be used as standard dyed textile samples. These selected natural dyes will be used as known references that can be used a guide to identify unknown archaeological dyes. The dyed textile samples were investigated with laser radiation in different wavelengths to detect the best wavelengths for identification each dye. This study confirms that Laser Florescent is very useful and a rapid technique can be used as a non-destructive technique for identification of natural dyes on archaeological textile objects. The results obtained with this study can be a guide for all conservators in identification of natural organic dyes on archaeological textile objects.
Probing the photoluminescence properties of gold nanoclusters by fluorescence lifetime correlation spectroscopy
Yuan, C. T., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Lin, T. N.; Shen, J. L. [Department of Physics, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, Taiwan (China) [Department of Physics, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, Taiwan (China); Center for Biomedical Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taiwan (China); Lin, C. A.; Chang, W. H. [Center for Biomedical Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taiwan (China) [Center for Biomedical Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taiwan (China); Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taiwan (China); Cheng, H. W. [Department of Engineering and system science, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan (China)] [Department of Engineering and system science, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan (China); Tang, J., E-mail: email@example.com [Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taiwan (China)
Gold nanoclusters (Au NCs) have attracted much attention for promising applications in biological imaging owing to their tiny sizes and biocompatibility. So far, most efforts have been focused on the strategies for fabricating high-quality Au NCs and then characterized by conventional ensemble measurement. Here, a fusion single-molecule technique combining fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and time-correlated single-photon counting can be successfully applied to probe the photoluminescence (PL) properties for sparse Au NCs. In this case, the triplet-state dynamics and diffusion process can be observed simultaneously and the relevant time constants can be derived. This work provides a complementary insight into the PL mechanism at the molecular levels for Au NCs in solution.
Dimeric fluorescent energy transfer dyes comprising asymmetric cyanine azole-indolenine chromophores
Glazer, Alexander N. (Orinda, CA); Benson, Scott C. (Oakland, CA)
Novel fluorescent heterodimeric DNA-staining energy transfer dyes are provided combining asymmetric cyanine azole-indolenine dyes, which provide for strong DNA affinity, large Stokes shifts and emission in the red region of the spectrum. The dyes find particular application in gel electrophoresis and for labels which may be bound to a variety of compositions in a variety of contexts. Kits and individual compounds are provided, where the kits find use for simultaneous detection of a variety of moieties, particularly using a single narrow wavelength irradiation source. The individual compounds are characterized by high donor quenching and high affinity to dsDNA as a result of optimizing the length of the linking group separating the two chromophores.
Raman Spectroscopy of Lithium Hydride Corrosion: Selection of an Appropriate Excitation Wavelength to Minimize Fluorescence
Stowe, A. C.; Smyrl, N. R.
The recent interest in a hydrogen-based fuel economy has renewed research into metal hydride chemistry. Many of these compounds react readily with water to release hydrogen gas and form a caustic. Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (DRIFT) has been used to study the hydrolysis reaction. The LiOH stretch appears at 3670 cm{sup -1}. Raman spectroscopy is a complementary technique that employs monochromatic excitation (laser) allowing access to the low energy region of the vibrational spectrum (<600 cm{sup -1}). Weak scattering and fluorescence typically prevent Raman from being used for many compounds. The role of Li{sub 2}O in the moisture reaction has not been fully studied for LiH. Li{sub 2}O can be observed by Raman while being hidden in the Infrared spectrum.
NIST energy related inventions - electronic starter device for fluorescent lamps. Final report
Due to silicon supplier failures to produce the 03/04 triac silicon as specified in the original proposal, the direction of the starter program was migrated to use available off the shelf power semiconductors. This had unexpected positive side effects including a reduction in component price, improved quality, and the refocus of engineering efforts to concentrate on the Super ASIC core technology. The starter program has begun shipments employing this new architecture, and is being well received both in the US and abroad. In its present form, the starter meets the original cost projections within 20%. Work is continuing on the 0.8 micron ASIC, which will allow for the starter to sell below $1.00 in volume. Even at the slightly higher price, interest is strong in replacing the low performance glow starter for small fluorescent applications with a high performance alternative.
Laser-induced fluorescence measurements on plasma science experiments at PPPL
Koepke, Mark
Collaborative research between WVU and PPPL was carried out at WVU for the purpose of incorporating the sophisticated diagnostic technique known as laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) in the Paul-Trap Simulation Experiment (PTSX) at PPPL. WVU assembled a LIF system at WVU, transported it to PPPL, helped make LIF experiments on the PTSX device, participated in PTSX science, and trained PPPL staff in LIF techniques. In summary, WVU refurbished a non-operational LIF system being loaned from University of Maryland to PPPL and, by doing so, provided PPPL with additional diagnostic capability for its PTSX device and other General Plasma Science experiments. WVU students, staff, and faculty will visit PPPL to collaborate on PTSX experiments in the future.
Detection of ultra-high energy cosmic ray showers with a single-pixel fluorescence telescope
Fujii, T; Bertaina, M; Casolino, M; Dawson, B; Horvath, P; Hrabovsky, M; Jiang, J; Mandat, D; Matalon, A; Matthews, J N; Motloch, P; Palatka, M; Pech, M; Privitera, P; Schovanek, P; Takizawa, Y; Thomas, S B; Travnicek, P; Yamazaki, K
We present a concept for large-area, low-cost detection of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) with a Fluorescence detector Array of Single-pixel Tele- scopes (FAST), addressing the requirements for the next generation of UHECR experiments. In the FAST design, a large field of view is covered by a few pixels at the focal plane of a mirror or Fresnel lens. We report first results of a FAST prototype installed at the Telescope Array site, consisting of a single 200 mm photomultiplier tube at the focal plane of a 1 m2 Fresnel lens system taken from the prototype of the JEM-EUSO experiment. The FAST prototype took data for 19 nights, demonstrating remarkable operational stability. We detected laser shots at distances of several kilometres as well as 16 highly significant UHECR shower candidates.
Indirect determination of the electric field in plasma discharges using laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy
Vaudolon, J., E-mail: email@example.com; Mazouffre, S., E-mail: email@example.com [CNRS - ICARE (Institut de Combustion A�rothermique R�activit� et Environnement), 1 C Av. de la Recherche Scientifique, 45071 Orl�ans Cedex 2 (France)
The evaluation of electric fields is of prime interest for the description of plasma characteristics. In this work, different methods for determining the electric field profile in low-pressure discharges using one- and two-dimensional Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LIF) measurements are presented and discussed. The energy conservation, fluid, and kinetic approaches appear to be well-suited for the electric field evaluation in this region of the plasma flow. However, the numerical complexity of a two-dimensional kinetic model is penalizing due to the limited signal-to-noise ratio that can be achieved, making the computation of the electric field subject to large error bars. The ionization contribution which appears in the fluid model makes it unattractive on an experimental viewpoint. The energy conservation and 1D1V kinetic approaches should therefore be preferred for the determination of the electric field when LIF data are used.
Coal liquefaction process streams characterization and evaluation. Novel analytical techniques for coal liquefaction: Fluorescence microscopy
Rathbone, R.F.; Hower, J.C.; Derbyshire, F.J. [Kentucky Univ., Lexington, KY (United States). Center for Applied Energy Research
This study demonstrated the feasibility of using fluorescence and reflectance microscopy techniques for the examination of distillation resid materials derived from direct coal liquefaction. Resid, as defined here, is the 850{degrees}F{sup +} portion of the process stream, and includes soluble organics, insoluble organics and ash. The technique can be used to determine the degree of hydrogenation and the presence of multiple phases occurring within a resid sample. It can also be used to infer resid reactivity. The technique is rapid, requiring less than one hour for sample preparation and examination, and thus has apparent usefulness for process monitoring. Additionally, the technique can distinguish differences in samples produced under various process conditions. It can, therefore, be considered a potentially useful technique for the process developer. Further development and application of this analytical method as a process development tool is justified based on these results.
Integrated starting and running amalgam assembly for an electrodeless fluorescent lamp
Borowiec, Joseph Christopher (Schenectady, NY); Cocoma, John Paul (Clifton Park, NY); Roberts, Victor David (Burnt Hills, NY)
An integrated starting and running amalgam assembly for an electrodeless SEF fluorescent lamp includes a wire mesh amalgam support constructed to jointly optimize positions of a starting amalgam and a running amalgam in the lamp, thereby optimizing mercury vapor pressure in the lamp during both starting and steady-state operation in order to rapidly achieve and maintain high light output. The wire mesh amalgam support is constructed to support the starting amalgam toward one end thereof and the running amalgam toward the other end thereof, and the wire mesh is rolled for friction-fitting within the exhaust tube of the lamp. The positions of the starting and running amalgams on the wire mesh are jointly optimized such that high light output is achieved quickly and maintained, while avoiding any significant reduction in light output between starting and running operation.
Competing decay-channel fluorescence, dissociation, and ionization in superexcited levels of H{sub 2}
Glass-Maujean, M. [Laboratoire de Physique Moleculaire pour l'Atmosphere et l'Astrophysique, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 5 (France); Jungen, Ch. [Laboratoire Aime Cotton, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Batiment 505, Universite de Paris-Sud, F-91405 Orsay (France); Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT (United Kingdom); Reichardt, G.; Balzer, A. [BESSY II, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, D-12489 Berlin (Germany); Schmoranzer, H. [Fachbereich Physik, Technische Universitaet Kaiserslautern, D-67653 Kaiserslautern (Germany); Ehresmann, A.; Haar, I.; Reiss, P. [Institute of Physics and Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology, Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40, Universitaet Kassel, D-34132 Kassel (Germany)
The absolute cross sections for the competing decay-channel fluorescence, dissociation, and ionization of photoexcited long-lived superexcited H{sub 2} molecular levels have been measured from the ionization threshold of H{sub 2} up to the H(1s) + H(n=3) dissociation limit. The total and partial natural widths of these levels have been determined. Good agreement is found with first principles calculations carried out with the multichannel quantum defect theory for excited levels of {sup 1{Pi}}{sub u}{sup -} symmetry, which represent 70% of the levels studied experimentally. The calculations reproduce the balance between the competing decay processes as well as its substantial evolution from level to level.
Graphene as a Substrate To Suppress Fluorescence in Resonance Raman Spectroscopy
Liming Xie; Xi Ling; Yuan Fang; Jin Zhang; Zhongfan Liu
Resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS), which can enhance Raman signal by 107 times than normal Raman spectroscopy, is a powerful approach to characterize structures of chemicals (especially biomolecules) at low concentrations.1-4 However, fluorescence (FL) background is a major obstacle in RRS because the FL cross section (?10-16 cm2) is much larger than the RRS cross section (?10-22 cm2).3 Several approaches, such as ultraviolet RRS (UV-RRS),1 time-resolved Raman detection,5,6 femtosecond broadband stimu-lated Raman spectroscopy (FSRS),7 and coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS),8 have been used to suppress or reject FL background in RRS. However, these approaches need expensive and complex equipments and have other limitations, such as sample degradation in UV-RRS. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is another powerful approach to characterize structures of chemicals at extremely low concentrations or even at the single
The reproducibility of [sup 109]Cd-based X-ray fluorescence measurements of bone lead
Gordon, C.L. (Chedoke-McMaster Hospitals, Hamilton, Ontario (Canada)); Webber, C.E.; Chettle, D.R. (McMaster Univ., Hamilton, Ontario (Canada))
We assessed the reproducibility of X-ray fluorescence-based lead measurements from multiple measurements made on a low-concentration plaster of paris phantom and in five subjects measured five times on two occasions. Over a 6-month period, 220 measurements of the same phantom were obtained and showed a standard deviation of 1.29 [mu]g Pb (g plaster of paris)[sup [minus]1]. The two sets of in vivo measurements were made 10 months apart and revealed a mean standard deviation of 3.4 [mu]Pb (g bone mineral)[sup [minus]1] and 5.1 [mu]g Pb (g bone mineral)[sup [minus]1] for males and females, respectively. Our measured standard deviation exceeded by 20-30% the calculated standard deviation associated with a single measurement both in the phantom and in subjects. This indicates that some variance is introduced during the measurement process. Operator learning and consistency significantly minimized this increased variability. Measured lead concentrations of the left and right tibia in 14 subjects showed no significant differences between legs. As a result, either tibia can be sampled and compared over time. The levels of reproducibility we report here mean that X-ray fluorescence-based determinations of bone lead concentrations are reliable both over the short and long term. Thus, reasonably sized confidence intervals can be placed on detected changes in concentration and should permit acquisition of longitudinal data within a reasonable length of time. 19 refs., 1 fig., 6 tabs.
Fluorescence spectroscopy of single molecules at room temperature and its applications
Ha, Taekjip
We performed fluorescence spectroscopy of single and pairs of dye molecules on a surface at room temperature. Near field scanning optical microscope (NSOM) and far field scanning optical microscope with multi-color excitation/detection capability were built. The instrument is capable of optical imaging with 100nm resolution and has the sensitivity necessary for single molecule detection. A variety of dynamic events which cannot be observed from an ensemble of molecules is revealed when the molecules are probed one at a time. They include (1) spectral jumps correlated with dark states, (2) individually resolved quantum jumps to and from the meta-stable triplet state, (3) rotational jumps due to desorption/readsorption events of single molecules on the surface. For these studies, a computer controlled optical system which automatically and rapidly locates and performs spectroscopic measurements on single molecules was developed. We also studied the interaction between closely spaced pairs of molecules. In particular, fluorescence resonance energy transfer between a single resonant pair of donor and acceptor molecules was measured. Photodestruction dynamics of the donor or acceptor were used to determine the presence and efficiency of energy transfer Dual molecule spectroscopy was extended to a non-resonant pair of molecules to obtain high resolution differential distance information. By combining NSOM and dual color scheme, we studied the co-localization of parasite proteins and host proteins on a human red blood cell membrane infected with malaria. These dual-molecule techniques can be used to measure distances, relative orientations, and changes in distances/orientations of biological macromolecules with very good spatial, angular and temporal resolutions, hence opening new capabilities in the study of such systems.
Double-strand DNA-templated formation of copper nanoparticles as fluorescent probe for label free nuclease enzyme detection
Tan, Weihong
cleavage activity. Thus, a label-free strategy for sensitive detection of nuclease has been developed B.V. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction As promising substitutes for organic dyes and quantum dots epithelial cervical cancer cells (HeLa cells) using fluorescent gold nanoparticles which emitted a stable
Influence of the water content on X-ray fluorescence core-scanning measurements in soft marine sediments
Tjallingii, Rik
Margins, University of Bremen, Leobener Strasse, D-28359 Bremen, Germany [1] The X-ray fluorescence (XRF properties such as density and water content on XRF core scanner data. Comparison of XRF scanner measurements of the measurements taken at the sediment surface to the amount of water in the sample volume analyzed by the XRF core
Hidrovo, Carlos H.
DEVELOPMENT AND CALIBRATION OF A TWO-DYE FLUORESCENCE SYSTEM FOR USE IN TWO-PHASE MICRO FLOW has verified the ability to use single dyes to measure void fraction in isothermal cases and suggested the possibility of simultaneous thermometry using a system of two dyes. In the present work, we verify the ability
Red-shifted fluorescent proteins mPlum and mRaspberry and polynucleotides encoding the same
Tsien, Roger Y. (La Jolla, CA); Wang, Lei (San Diego, CA)
Methods using somatic hypermutation (SHM) for producing polypeptide and nucleic acid variants, and nucleic acids encoding such polypeptide variants are disclosed. Such variants may have desired properties. Also disclosed are novel polypeptides, such as improved fluorescent proteins, produced by the novel methods, and nucleic acids, vectors, and host cells comprising such vectors.
Red tide detection and tracing using MODIS fluorescence data: A regional example in SW Florida coastal waters
Red tide detection and tracing using MODIS fluorescence data: A regional example in SW Florida-time data from the MODIS satellite sensor was used to detect and trace a harmful algal bloom (HAB), or red to interferences of other water constituents. The red tide that formed from November to December 2004 off SW
Crystal Structures of the GCaMP Calcium Sensor Reveal the Mechanism of Fluorescence Signal Change and Aid Rational Design
Akerboom, Jasper; Velez Rivera, Jonathan D.; Rodriguez Guilbe, Mar�a M.; Alfaro Malav�, Elisa C.; Hernandez, Hector H.; Tian, Lin; Hires, S. Andrew; Marvin, Jonathan S.; Looger, Loren L.; Schreiter, Eric R.; (MIT); (Puerto Rico); (HHMI)
The genetically encoded calcium indicator GCaMP2 shows promise for neural network activity imaging, but is currently limited by low signal-to-noise ratio. We describe x-ray crystal structures as well as solution biophysical and spectroscopic characterization of GCaMP2 in the calcium-free dark state, and in two calcium-bound bright states: a monomeric form that dominates at intracellular concentrations observed during imaging experiments and an unexpected domain-swapped dimer with decreased fluorescence. This series of structures provides insight into the mechanism of Ca{sup 2+}-induced fluorescence change. Upon calcium binding, the calmodulin (CaM) domain wraps around the M13 peptide, creating a new domain interface between CaM and the circularly permuted enhanced green fluorescent protein domain. Residues from CaM alter the chemical environment of the circularly permuted enhanced green fluorescent protein chromophore and, together with flexible inter-domain linkers, block solvent access to the chromophore. Guided by the crystal structures, we engineered a series of GCaMP2 point mutants to probe the mechanism of GCaMP2 function and characterized one mutant with significantly improved signal-to-noise. The mutation is located at a domain interface and its effect on sensor function could not have been predicted in the absence of structural data.
Technical description of candidate fluorescence compounds and radioisotopes for a nuclear smuggling deterrence tag (IL500E)
Hartenstein, S.D.; Aryaeinejad, R.
This report summarizes the efforts completed in identifying candidate fluorescence compounds and radioisotopes for a developing tagging system. The tagging system is being developed as a deterrent to nuclear smuggling, by providing a means of: (1) tracing materials and pilferers to the facility of origin for any recovered special nuclear materials; (2) inventory control of long-term stored items containing special nuclear materials; and (3) tracking materials transferred between facilities. The tagging system uses four types of tagging materials to cover a range of applications intended to prevent the pilfering of special nuclear materials. One material, fluorescent compounds which are invisible without ultraviolet or near-infrared detection systems, is marked on controlled items with a tracking pattern that corresponds to a specified item in a specified location in the data control system. The tagging system uses an invisible, fluorescent dusting powder to mark equipment and personnel who inappropriately handle the tagged material. The tagging system also uses unique combinations of radionuclides to identify the facility of origin for any special nuclear material. Currently, 18 long-lived radioisotopes, 38 short-live radioisotopes and 10 fluorescent compounds have been selected as candidate materials for the tagging system.
Inferred influence of nutrient availability on the relationship between Sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence and incident irradiance in the
Kelley, Dan
Inferred influence of nutrient availability on the relationship between Sun-induced chlorophyll July 2008. [1] This study examines variability in the relationship between Sun-induced chlorophyll, this is consistent with the established suggestion that Sun-induced fluorescence increases with nutrient stress
Orange Fluorescent Proteins: Structural Studies of LSSmOrange, PSmOrange and PSmOrange2
Verkhusha, Vladislav V.
to greatly decrease the energy of photoconversion and increase its efficiency of photoswitching. Fluorescence Editor: Maria Sola, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona, CSIC, Spain Received March 13, 2014 of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic
Intramolecular excimer emission as a blue light source in fluorescent organic light emitting diodes: a promising molecular design
Boyer, Edmond
Intramolecular excimer emission as a blue light source in fluorescent organic light emitting diodes Light Emitting Diode (OLED), intermolecular pp interactions should be usually suppressed to avoid any Emitting Diodes (SMOLEDs) is almost absent from the literature. In this work, three aryl-substituted Di
Insight into the Common Mechanism of the Chromophore Formation in the Red Fluorescent Proteins: The Elusive Blue
Krylov, Anna I.
: The Elusive Blue Intermediate Revealed Ksenia B. Bravaya, Oksana M. Subach, Nadezhda Korovina, Vladislav V calculations identifying the nature of a blue intermediate, a key species in the process of the red chromophore formation in DsRed, TagRFP, fluorescent timers, and PAmCherry. The chromophore of the blue intermediate has
Solvatochromism and time-resolved fluorescence of the antitumor agent mitoxantrone and its analogues in solution and in DNA
Su Lin; Struve, W.S. (Ames Lab., IA (United States))
The electronic spectroscopy and fluorescence kinetics of 1,4-dihydroxy-5,8-(2-(2-((2-hydroxyethyl)amino)ethyl)amino)-9,10-anthracenedione (mitoxantrone) and three closely related analogues have been studied in several solvents. The small solvatochromic blue shifts of their visible charge-transfer absorption bands in protic solvents are dominated by interactions with a solvent H-bonding donor, rather than by dipole-dielectric solute-solvent electrostatics. These interactions are unrelated to the phenolic hydroxy groups or the distal N atoms on the side chains but must be localized to the carbonyl groups. The fluorescence decays of all four anthraquinones are controlled by subnanosecond nonradiative relaxation in all solvents studied. At least two decay mechanisms contribute to the observed fluorescence kinetics in solution: (a) subnanosecond internal conversion that is accelerated relative to that in 1,4-diaminoanthraquinone by the presence of the flexible 1,4-side chains in mitoxantrone and its analogues; (b) an additional decay mode that is accentuated in H-bonding solvents. A substantial normal isotope effect occurs in the fluorescence lifetimes of mitoxantrone in perdeuterated water and methanol but not in aprotic solvents. When bound to double-stranded calf thymus DNA, mitoxantrone displays a fluorescence lifetime similar to that in aprotic solvents, suggesting that H-bonding interactions with water are precluded by chromophore intercalation. DNA-bound ametantrone exhibits a lifetime longer than that in either H-bonding or aprotic solvents, indicating that immobilization of the side chains through binding of the distal N atoms to the DNA backbone may influence the decay kinetics. This technique therefore shows potential for elucidating the DNA binding modes for a large class of intercalative drugs.
An Empirical Comparison between the NEO-FFI and the WPI and the Relationship between Self-Efficacy and Workplace Personality
Orozco, Lauren Michel
satisfaction, with self-esteem and generalized self-efficacy contributing the most. Judge and Bono (2001) point out that Conscientiousness is often thought of as the ?primary dispositional predictor of job performance? (p. 85). They were able to show...
Efficacy of Lower-Body Shielding in Computed Tomography Fluoroscopy-Guided Interventions
Mahnken, Andreas H., E-mail: email@example.com [RWTH Aachen, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (Germany); Sedlmair, Martin [Siemens, Healthcare Sector (Germany); Ritter, Christine [University of Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Institute (Denmark); Banckwitz, Rosemarie; Flohr, Thomas [Siemens, Healthcare Sector (Germany)
Purpose: Computed tomography (CT) fluoroscopy-guided interventions pose relevant radiation exposure to the interventionalist. The goal of this study was to analyze the efficacy of lower-body shielding as a simple structural method for decreasing radiation dose to the interventionalist without limiting access to the patient. Material and Methods: All examinations were performed with a 128-slice dual source CT scanner (12 Multiplication-Sign 1.2-mm collimation; 120 kV; and 20, 40, 60, and 80 mAs) and an Alderson-Rando phantom. Scatter radiation was measured with an ionization chamber and a digital dosimeter at standardized positions and heights with and without a lower-body lead shield (0.5-mm lead equivalent; Kenex, Harlow, UK). Dose decreases were computed for the different points of measurement. Results: On average, lower-body shielding decreased scatter radiation by 38.2% within a 150-cm radius around the shielding. This decrease is most significant close to the gantry opening and at low heights of 50 and 100 cm above the floor with a maximum decrease of scatter radiation of 95.9% close to the scanner's isocentre. With increasing distance to the gantry opening, the effect decreased. There is almost no dose decrease effect at {>=}150 above the floor. Scatter radiation and its decrease were linearly correlated with the tube current-time product (r{sup 2} = 0.99), whereas percent scatter radiation decrease was independent of the tube current-time product. Conclusion: Lower-body shielding is an effective way to decrease radiation exposure to the interventionalist and should routinely be used in CT fluoroscopy-guided interventions.
Safety and Efficacy of Bevacizumab With Hypofractionated Stereotactic Irradiation for Recurrent Malignant Gliomas
Gutin, Philip H. [Brain Tumor Center, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (United States); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (United States); Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (United States)], E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Iwamoto, Fabio M. [Brain Tumor Center, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (United States); Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (United States); Beal, Kathryn [Brain Tumor Center, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (United States); Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (United States); Mohile, Nimish A. [Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (United States); Karimi, Sasan [Brain Tumor Center, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (United States); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (United States); Hou, Bob L. [Brain Tumor Center, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (United States); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (United States); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (United States); Lymberis, Stella [Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (United States); Yamada, Yoshiya [Brain Tumor Center, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (United States); Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (United States); Chang, Jenghwa [Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (United States)] (and others)
Purpose: Preclinical studies suggest that inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) improves glioma response to radiotherapy. Bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody against VEGF, has shown promise in recurrent gliomas, but the safety and efficacy of concurrent bevacizumab with brain irradiation has not been extensively studied. The objectives of this study were to determine the safety and activity of this combination in malignant gliomas. Methods and Materials: After prior treatment with standard radiation therapy patients with recurrent glioblastoma (GBM) and anaplastic gliomas (AG) received bevacizumab (10 mg/kg intravenous) every 2 weeks of 28-day cycles until tumor progression. Patients also received 30 Gy of hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (HFSRT) in five fractions after the first cycle of bevacizumab. Results: Twenty-five patients (20 GBM, 5 AG; median age 56 years; median Karnofsky Performance Status 90) received a median of seven cycles of bevacizumab. One patient did not undergo HFSRT because overlap with prior radiotherapy would exceed the safe dose allowed to the optic chiasm. Three patients discontinued treatment because of Grade 3 central nervous system intratumoral hemorrhage, wound dehiscence, and bowel perforation. Other nonhematologic and hematologic toxicities were transient. No radiation necrosis was seen in these previously irradiated patients. For the GBM cohort, overall response rate was 50%, 6-month progression-free survival was 65%; median overall survival was 12.5 months, and 1-year survival was 54%. Discussion: Bevacizumab with HFSRT is safe and well tolerated. Radiographic responses, duration of disease control, and survival suggest that this regimen is active in recurrent malignant glioma.
Ultrasound guided fluorescence molecular tomography with improved quantification by an attenuation compensated born-normalization and in vivo preclinical study of cancer
Li, Baoqiang; Berti, Romain; Abran, Maxime; Lesage, Fr�d�ric, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Institute of Biomedical Engineering, �cole Polytechnique de Montr�al, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3A7 (Canada) [Institute of Biomedical Engineering, �cole Polytechnique de Montr�al, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3A7 (Canada); Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec H1T 1C8 (Canada)
Ultrasound imaging, having the advantages of low-cost and non-invasiveness over MRI and X-ray CT, was reported by several studies as an adequate complement to fluorescence molecular tomography with the perspective of improving localization and quantification of fluorescent molecular targets in vivo. Based on the previous work, an improved dual-modality Fluorescence-Ultrasound imaging system was developed and then validated in imaging study with preclinical tumor model. Ultrasound imaging and a profilometer were used to obtain the anatomical prior information and 3D surface, separately, to precisely extract the tissue boundary on both sides of sample in order to achieve improved fluorescence reconstruction. Furthermore, a pattern-based fluorescence reconstruction on the detection side was incorporated to enable dimensional reduction of the dataset while keeping the useful information for reconstruction. Due to its putative role in the current imaging geometry and the chosen reconstruction technique, we developed an attenuation compensated Born-normalization method to reduce the attenuation effects and cancel off experimental factors when collecting quantitative fluorescence datasets over large area. Results of both simulation and phantom study demonstrated that fluorescent targets could be recovered accurately and quantitatively using this reconstruction mechanism. Finally, in vivo experiment confirms that the imaging system associated with the proposed image reconstruction approach was able to extract both functional and anatomical information, thereby improving quantification and localization of molecular targets.
Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence to Measure Plutonium Mass in Spent Nuclear Fuel
Ludewigt, Bernhard A; Quiter, Brian J.; Ambers, Scott D.
The Next Generation Safeguard Initiative (NGSI) of the U.S Department of Energy is supporting a multi-lab/university collaboration to quantify the plutonium (Pu) mass in spent nuclear fuel (SNF) assemblies and to detect the diversion of pins with non-destructive assay (NDA) methods. The following 14 NDA techniques are being studied: Delayed Neutrons, Differential Die-Away, Differential Die-Away Self-Interrogation, Lead Slowing Down Spectrometer, Neutron Multiplicity, Passive Neutron Albedo Reactivity, Total Neutron (Gross Neutron), X-Ray Fluorescence, {sup 252}Cf Interrogation with Prompt Neutron Detection, Delayed Gamma, Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence, Passive Prompt Gamma, Self-integration Neutron Resonance Densitometry, and Neutron Resonance Transmission Analysis. Understanding and maturity of the techniques vary greatly, ranging from decades old, well-understood methods to new approaches. Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence (NRF) is a technique that had not previously been studied for SNF assay or similar applications. Since NRF generates isotope-specific signals, the promise and appeal of the technique lies in its potential to directly measure the amount of a specific isotope in an SNF assay target. The objectives of this study were to design and model suitable NRF measurement methods, to quantify capabilities and corresponding instrumentation requirements, and to evaluate prospects and the potential of NRF for SNF assay. The main challenge of the technique is to achieve the sensitivity and precision, i.e., to accumulate sufficient counting statistics, required for quantifying the mass of Pu isotopes in SNF assemblies. Systematic errors, considered a lesser problem for a direct measurement and only briefly discussed in this report, need to be evaluated for specific instrument designs in the future. Also, since the technical capability of using NRF to measure Pu in SNF has not been established, this report does not directly address issues such as cost, size, development time, nor concerns related to the use of Pu in measurement systems. This report discusses basic NRF measurement concepts, i.e., backscatter and transmission methods, and photon source and {gamma}-ray detector options in Section 2. An analytical model for calculating NRF signal strengths is presented in Section 3 together with enhancements to the MCNPX code and descriptions of modeling techniques that were drawn upon in the following sections. Making extensive use of the model and MCNPX simulations, the capabilities of the backscatter and transmission methods based on bremsstrahlung or quasi-monoenergetic photon sources were analyzed as described in Sections 4 and 5. A recent transmission experiment is reported on in Appendix A. While this experiment was not directly part of this project, its results provide an important reference point for our analytical estimates and MCNPX simulations. Used fuel radioactivity calculations, the enhancements to the MCNPX code, and details of the MCNPX simulations are documented in the other appendices.
The Efficacy of Ultraviolet Radiation for Sterilizing Tools Used for Surgically Implanting Transmitters into Fish
Walker, Ricardo W.; Markillie, Lye Meng; Colotelo, Alison HA; Gay, Marybeth E.; Woodley, Christa M.; Brown, Richard S.
Telemetry is frequently used to examine the behavior of fish, and the transmitters used are normally surgically implanted into the coelom of fish. Implantation requires the use of surgical tools such as scalpels, forceps, needle holders, and sutures. When several fish are implanted consecutively for large telemetry studies, it is common for surgical tools to be sterilized or, at minimum, disinfected between each use so that pathogens that may be present are not spread among fish. However, autoclaving tools can take a long period of time, and chemical sterilants or disinfectants can be harmful to both humans and fish and have varied effectiveness. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is commonly used to disinfect water in aquaculture facilities. However, this technology has not been widely used to sterilize tools for surgical implantation of transmitters in fish. To determine its efficacy for this application, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory researchers used UV radiation to disinfect surgical tools (i.e., forceps, needle holder, stab scalpel, and suture) that were exposed to one of four aquatic organisms that typically lead to negative health issues for salmonids. These organisms included Aeromonas salmonicida, Flavobacterium psychrophilum, Renibacterium salmoninarum, and Saprolegnia parasitica. Surgical tools were exposed to the bacteria by dipping them into a confluent suspension of three varying concentrations (i.e., low, medium, high). After exposure to the bacterial culture, tools were placed into a mobile Millipore UV sterilization apparatus. The tools were then exposed for three different time periods�2, 5, or 15 min. S. parasitica, a water mold, was tested using an agar plate method and forceps-pinch method. UV light exposures of 5 and 15 min were effective at killing all four organisms. UV light was also effective at killing Geobacillus stearothermophilus, the organism used as a biological indicator to verify effectiveness of steam sterilizers. These techniques appear to provide a quick alternative disinfection technique for some surgical tools that is less harmful to both humans and fish while not producing chemical waste. However, we do not recommend using these methods with tools that have overlapping parts or other structures that cannot be directly exposed to UV light such as needle holders.
Comparison of NO and OH planar fluorescence temperature measurements in scramjet model flowfields
Mcmillin, B.K.; Seitzman, J.M.; Hanson, R.K. [Natl. Inst. of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD (United States)
The use of nitric oxide (NO) and the hydroxyl radical (OH) as temperature tracers, in a two-line planar laser-induced fluorescence technique, is examined in the context of a supersonic mixing and combustion flowfield. The temperature measurements were based on the sequential excitation of two transitions, either in the A implied by X (0,0) band of NO near 226 nm or the A implied by X (1,0) band of OH near 283 nm. The measurements were obtained for each species through the use of two lasers and two cameras, with each camera integrating signal induced from only one of the lasers. Both temporally resolved and frame-averaged temperature measurements of each species are presented. Additional results include simultaneous NO and OH visualizations, in which seeded NO marks the fuel jet fluid and nascent OH marks the reaction zones and convected combustion gases. A detailed temperature comparison shows good agreement in the common measurement regions and indicates that shot noise is the largest source of uncertainty. The comparison also illustrates the importance of a careful interpretation of the measurements, since, depending on the origin of the tracer and the degree of mixing, the measurements may be biased toward the fuel, freestream, or reaction zone temperatures. 33 refs.
Communication: Angular momentum alignment and fluorescence polarization of alkali atoms photodetached from helium nanodroplets
Hernando, Alberto; Beswick, J. Alberto; Halberstadt, Nadine [LCAR-IRSAMC, Universit� Toulouse 3 - Paul Sabatier and CNRS, 31062 Toulouse (France)] [LCAR-IRSAMC, Universit� Toulouse 3 - Paul Sabatier and CNRS, 31062 Toulouse (France)
The theory of photofragments angular momentum polarization is applied to the photodetachment of an electronically excited alkali atom from a helium nanocluster (N = 200). The alignment of the electronic angular momentum of the bare excited alkali atoms produced is calculated quantum mechanically by solving the excited states coupled equations with potentials determined by density functional theory (DFT). Pronounced oscillations as a function of excitation energy are predicted for the case of Na@(He){sub 200}, in marked contrast with the absorption cross-section and angular distribution of the ejected atoms which are smooth functions of the energy. These oscillations are due to quantum interference between different coherently excited photodetachment pathways. Experimentally, these oscillations should be reflected in the fluorescence polarization and polarization-resolved photoelectron yield of the ejected atoms, which are proportional to the electronic angular momentum alignment. In addition, this result is much more general than the test case of NaHe{sub 200} studied here. It should be observable for larger droplets, for higher excited electronic states, and for other alkali as well as for alkali-earth atoms. Detection of these oscillations would show that the widely used pseudo-diatomic model can be valid beyond the prediction of absorption spectra and could help in interpreting parts of the dynamics, as already hinted by some experimental results on angular anisotropy of bare alkali fragments.
Hard X-rays and Fluorescent Iron Emission from the Embedded Infrared Cluster in NGC 2071
Stephen L. Skinner; Audrey E. Simmons; Marc Audard; Manuel Guedel
We present first results of XMM-Newton X-ray observations of the infrared cluster lying near the NGC 2071 reflection nebula in the Orion B region. This cluster is of interest because it is one of the closest regions known to harbor embedded high-mass stars. We report the discovery of hard X-ray emission from the dense central NGC 2071-IR subgroup which contains at least three high-mass young stellar objects (NGC 2071 IRS-1, IRS-2, and IRS-3). A prominent X-ray source is detected within 1 arcsecond of the infrared source IRS-1, which is thought to drive a powerful bipolar molecular outflow. The X-ray spectrum of this source is quite unusual compared to the optically thin plasma spectra normally observed in young stellar objects (YSOs). The spectrum is characterized by a hard broad-band continuum plus an exceptionally broad emission line at approximately 6.4 keV from neutral or near-neutral iron. The fluorescent Fe line likely originates in cold material near the embedded star (i.e. a disk or envelope) that is irradiated by the hard heavily-absorbed X-ray source.
Fluorescence analysis can identify movable oil in self-sourcing reservoirs
Calhoun, G.G. [Calhoun (Gerry G.), Midland, TX (United States)
The recent surge of activity involving self-sourcing reservoirs and horizontal drilling recognizes a little tapped niche in the domestic energy mix. Such prolific pays as the Cretaceous Bakken and Austin Chalk have drawn research interest and large amounts of investment capital. Fluorescence analysis can discern movable oil--as opposed to exhausted source rock--in such reservoirs with an inexpensive test. Other potential targets are the Cretaceous Mesaverde in the Piceance basin, Devonian New Albany shale in Kentucky, Devonian Antrim shale in the Michigan basin, and the Cretaceous Niobrara, Mancos, and Pierre formations in Colorado and New Mexico. To insure success in this niche this key question must be answered positively: Is movable oil present in the reservoir? Even if tectonic studies verify a system of open fractures, sonic logs confirm overpressuring in the zone, and resistivity logs document the maturity of the source, the ultimate question remains: Is movable oil in the fractures available to flow to the borehole? The paper explains a technique that will answer these questions.
In vivo monitoring of toxic metals: assessment of neutron activation and x-ray fluorescence techniques
Ellis, K.J.
To date, cadmium, lead, aluminum, and mercury have been measured in vivo in humans. The possibilities of monitoring other toxic metals have also been demonstrated, but no human studies have been performed. Neutron activation analysis appears to be most suitable for Cd and Al measurements, while x-ray fluorescence is ideally suited for measurement of lead in superficial bone. Filtered neutron beams and polarized x-ray sources are being developed which will improve in vivo detection limits. Even so, several of the current facilities are already suitable for use in epidemiological studies of selected populations with suspected long-term low-level ''environmental'' exposures. Evaluation and diagnosis of patients presenting with general clinical symptoms attributable to possible toxic metal exposure may be assisted by in vivo examination. Continued in vivo monitoring of industrial workers, especially follow-up measurements, will provide the first direct assessment of changes in body burden and a direct measure of the biological life-times of these metals in humans. 50 refs., 4 figs., 2 tabs.
3D Fluorescent and Reflective Imaging of Whole Stardust Tracks in Aerogel
Greenberg, M.; Ebel, D.S. (AMNH)
The NASA Stardust mission returned to earth in 2006 with the cometary collector having captured over 1,000 particles in an aerogel medium at a relative velocity of 6.1 km/s. Particles captured in aerogel were heated, disaggregated and dispersed along 'tracks' or cavities in aerogel, singular tracks representing a history of one capture event. It has been our focus to chemically and morphologically characterize whole tracks in 3-dimensions, utilizing solely non-destructive methods. To this end, we have used a variety of methods: 3D Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy (LSCM), synchrotron X-ray fluorescence (SXRF), and synchrotron X-ray diffraction (SXRD). In the past months we have developed two new techniques to aid in data collection. (1) We have received a new confocal microscope which has enabled autofluorescent and spectral imaging of aerogel samples. (2) We have developed a stereo-SXRF technique to chemically identify large grains in SXRF maps in 3-space. The addition of both of these methods to our analytic abilities provides a greater understanding of the mechanisms and results of track formation.
Quantitative analysis of phosphosilicate glass films on silicon wafers for calibration of x-ray fluorescence spectrometry standards
Weissman, S.H.
The phosphorus and silicon contents of phosphosilicate glass films deposited by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on silicon wafers were determined. These films were prepared for use as x-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry standards. The thin films were removed from the wafer by etching with dilute hydrofluoric acid, and the P and Si concentrations in solution were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP). The calculated phosphorus concentration ranged from 2.2 to 12 wt %, with an uncertainty of 2.73 to 10.1 relative percent. Variation between the calculated weight loss (summation of P/sub 2/O/sub 5/ and SiO/sub 2/ amounts as determined by ICP) and the measured weight loss (determined gravimetrically) averaged 4.9%. Results from the ICP method, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), dispersive infrared spectroscopy, electron microprobe, and x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy for the same samples are compared.
Single and two-photon fluorescence control of Er{sup 3+} ions by phase-shaped femtosecond laser pulse
Zhang, Shian, E-mail: email@example.com; Ding, Jingxin; Lu, Chenhui; Jia, Tianqing; Sun, Zhenrong, E-mail: email@example.com [State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, and Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062 (China)] [State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, and Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062 (China); Xu, Shuwu [State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, and Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062 (China) [State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, and Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062 (China); School of Science, Nantong University, Nantong 226007 (China); Qiu, Jianrong [State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, and Institute of Optical Communication Materials, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou 510640 (China)] [State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, and Institute of Optical Communication Materials, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou 510640 (China)
We experimentally demonstrate the control of the single and two-photon fluorescence (SPF and TPF) in Er{sup 3+} ions by shaping the femtosecond laser pulse with a ? or square phase modulation. With the low laser intensity (8.4?�?10{sup 10}?W/cm{sup 2}), SPF keeps a constant while TPF is effectively suppressed by the two control schemes. With the high laser intensity (1.2?�?10{sup 13}?W/cm{sup 2}), both SPF and TPF are simultaneously enhanced or suppressed by the ? phase modulation, and SPF is enhanced while TPF is effectively suppressed by the square phase modulation. The up/down-conversion fluorescence enhancement, suppression, or tuning by the optical control method can greatly expand its applications in various related fields.
0 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Cytometry 20:14-18 (1995) Fluorescent Erythrocyte Ghosts as Standards for
. MATERIALS AND METHODS Production of Fluorescent Erythrocyte Ghosts We produced erythrocyte ghosts at 800g in a clinical centrifuge at 4°C. After decanting the superna- tant, we resuspended the pellet and mixing of the pellet in ice cold 5P75 (5 mM NaPO,, pH 7.5). We stored this suspension on ice for 10min
Modeling green fluorescent protein transcription, translation and modification as a method to obtain NF-kappaB activation profiles
Laible, Allyson Marie
Jayaraman Committee Members, Juergen Hahn Mike McShane Head of Department, N.K. Anand August 2007 Major Subject: Chemical Engineering iii ABSTRACT Modeling Green Fluorescent Protein Transcription, Translation and Modification as a Method... my profound thanks to my advisor, Dr. Arul Jayaraman, and my committee members, Dr. Juergen Hahn and Dr. Mike McShane, for their guidance and support throughout the course of this research. I would like to extend my gratitude to Jacky Huang who...
Solvent viscosity effect on quenching rate constants of phenophytin a fluorescence by quinones. Role of non-stationary effects
Kapinus, E.I.; Dilung II.; Kucherova, I.Y.; Kuz'min, M.G.; Zartsev, N.K.
The fluorescence quenching of phenophytin a by quinones in different solvents has been studied with a steady-state and pulse photoexcitation. The quenching in alcohols is caused by complexes which are spectrally undetectable. In other solvents the quenching is dynamic. The effect of viscosity on the quenching rate has been studied. It has been found that the non-stationary effects play a substantial role in the quenching process.
Note: A portable, light-emitting diode-based ruby fluorescence spectrometer for high-pressure calibration
Feng Yejun [Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439 (United States)
Ruby (Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}, with {approx}0.5 wt. % Cr doping) is one of the most widely used manometers at the giga-Pascal scale. Traditionally, its fluorescence is excited with intense laser sources. Here, I present a simple, robust, and portable design that employs light-emitting diodes (LEDs) instead. This LED-based system is safer in comparison with laser-based ones.
Method of using a nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy standard. [SO/sub 2/ in gases by fluorescence
Spicer, L.D.; Bennett, D.W.; Davis, J.F.
(CH/sub 3/)/sub 3/SiNSO is produced by the reaction of ((CH/sub 3/)/sub 3/SI)/sub 2/NH with SO/sub 2/. Also produced in the reaction are ((CH/sub 3/)/sub 3/Si)/sub 2/O and a new solid compound (NH/sub 4/)((CH/sub 3/)/sub 3/SiOSO/sub 2/). Both (CH/sub 3/)/sub 3/SiNSO and (NH/sub 4/)((CH/sub 3/)/sub 3/SiOSO/sub 2/) have fluorescent properties. The reaction of the subject invention is used in a method of measuring the concentration of SO/sub 2/ pollutants in gases. By the method, a sample of gas is bubbled through a solution of ((CH/sub 3/)/sub 3/Si)/sub 2/NH, whereby any SO/sub 2/ present in the gas will react to produce the two fluorescent products. The measured fluorescence of these products can then be used to calculate the concentration of SO/sub 2/ in the original gas sample. The solid product (NH/sub 4/)((CH/sub 3/)/sub 3/SiOSO/sub 2/) may be used as a standard in solid state NMR spectroscopy, wherein the resonance peaks of either /sup 1/H, /sup 13/C, /sup 15/N, or /sup 29/Si may be used as a reference.
X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) Analysis of Obsidian Artifacts from the Grand Canal, Casa Buena, and Pueblo Grande Hohokam Sites, Central Arizona
Shackley, M. Steven
62:426-437. SOUTHWEST XRF PAPER Table 1. X-ray fluorescencet. X-RAY FLUORESCENCE (XRF) ANALYSIS OF OBSIDIAN ARTIFACTSSt- Figure 1. Ternary plot of XRF net intensity ratios for
Light-induced polarization effects in atoms with partially resolved hyperfine structure and applications to absorption, fluorescence, and nonlinear magneto-optical rotation
Auzinsh, Marcis
Light-induced polarization effects in atoms with partially resolved hyperfine structure and applications to absorption, fluorescence, and nonlinear magneto-optical rotation M. Auzinsh* Department 9 November 2009 The creation and detection of atomic polarization is examined theoretically through
Visualization of nitric oxide production in the mouse main olfactory bulb by a cell-trappable copper(II) fluorescent probe
McQuade, Lindsey E.
We report the visualization of NO production using fluorescence in tissue slices of the mouse main olfactory bulb. This discovery was possible through the use of a novel, cell-trappable probe for intracellular nitric oxide ...
A matter of collection and detection for intraoperative and noninvasive near-infrared fluorescence molecular imaging: To see or not to see?
Zhu, Banghe; Rasmussen, John C.; Sevick-Muraca, Eva M., E-mail: email@example.com [Center for Molecular Imaging, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030 (United States)
Purpose: Although fluorescence molecular imaging is rapidly evolving as a new combinational drug/device technology platform for molecularly guided surgery and noninvasive imaging, there remains no performance standards for efficient translation of �first-in-humans� fluorescent imaging agents using these devices. Methods: The authors employed a stable, solid phantom designed to exaggerate the confounding effects of tissue light scattering and to mimic low concentrations (nM�pM) of near-infrared fluorescent dyes expected clinically for molecular imaging in order to evaluate and compare the commonly used charge coupled device (CCD) camera systems employed in preclinical studies and in human investigational studies. Results: The results show that intensified CCD systems offer greater contrast with larger signal-to-noise ratios in comparison to their unintensified CCD systems operated at clinically reasonable, subsecond acquisition times. Conclusions: Camera imaging performance could impact the success of future �first-in-humans� near-infrared fluorescence imaging agent studies.
Squaraine-Derived Rotaxanes: Sterically Protected Fluorescent Near-IR Dyes Easwaran Arunkumar, Christopher C. Forbes, Bruce C. Noll, and Bradley D. Smith*
Smith, Bradley D.
, Christopher C. Forbes, Bruce C. Noll, and Bradley D. Smith* Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UniVersity of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556 Received December 17, 2004; E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Fluorescent
Crystallographic study of red fluorescent protein eqFP578 and its far-red variant Katushka reveals opposite pH-induced isomerization of chromophore
Pletneva, Nadya V.; Pletnev, Vladimir Z.; Shemiakina, Irina I.; Chudakov, Dmitriy M.; Artemyev, Igor; Wlodawer, Alexander; Dauter, Zbigniew; Pletnev, Sergei (Russ. Acad. Sci.); (SAIC); (NCI)
The wild type red fluorescent protein eqFP578 (from sea anemone Entacmaea quadricolor, {lambda}{sub ex} = 552 nm, {lambda}{sub em} = 578 nm) and its bright far-red fluorescent variant Katushka ({lambda}{sub ex} = 588 nm, {lambda}{sub em} = 635 nm) are characterized by the pronounced pH dependence of their fluorescence. The crystal structures of eqFP578f (eqFP578 with two point mutations improving the protein folding) and Katushka have been determined at the resolution ranging from 1.15 to 1.85 {angstrom} at two pH values, corresponding to low and high level of fluorescence. The observed extinguishing of fluorescence upon reducing pH in eqFP578f and Katushka has been shown to be accompanied by the opposite trans-cis and cis-trans chromophore isomerization, respectively. Asn143, Ser158, His197 and Ser143, Leu174, and Arg197 have been shown to stabilize the respective trans and cis fluorescent states of the chromophores in eqFP578f and Katushka at higher pH. The cis state has been suggested as being primarily responsible for the observed far-red shift of the emission maximum of Katushka relative to that of eqFP578f.
New Homogeneous Standards by Atomic Layer Deposition for Synchrotron X-ray Fluorescence and Absorption Spectroscopies.
Butterworth, A.L.; Becker, N.; Gainsforth, Z.; Lanzirotti, A.; Newville, M.; Proslier, T.; Stodolna, J.; Sutton, S.; Tyliszczak, T.; Westphal, A.J.; Zasadzinski, J. (UCB)
Quantification of synchrotron XRF analyses is typically done through comparisons with measurements on the NIST SRM 1832/1833 thin film standards. Unfortunately, these standards are inhomogeneous on small scales at the tens of percent level. We are synthesizing new homogeneous multilayer standards using the Atomic Layer Deposition technique and characterizing them using multiple analytical methods, including ellipsometry, Rutherford Back Scattering at Evans Analytical, Synchrotron X-ray Fluorescence (SXRF) at Advanced Photon Source (APS) Beamline 13-ID, Synchrotron X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) at Advanced Light Source (ALS) Beamlines 11.0.2 and 220.127.116.11 and by electron microscopy techniques. Our motivation for developing much-needed cross-calibration of synchrotron techniques is borne from coordinated analyses of particles captured in the aerogel of the NASA Stardust Interstellar Dust Collector (SIDC). The Stardust Interstellar Dust Preliminary Examination (ISPE) team have characterized three sub-nanogram, {approx}1{micro}m-sized fragments considered as candidates to be the first contemporary interstellar dust ever collected, based on their chemistries and trajectories. The candidates were analyzed in small wedges of aerogel in which they were extracted from the larger collector, using high sensitivity, high spatial resolution >3 keV synchrotron x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (SXRF) and <2 keV synchrotron x-ray transmission microscopy (STXM) during Stardust ISPE. The ISPE synchrotron techniques have complementary capabilities. Hard X-ray SXRF is sensitive to sub-fg mass of elements Z {ge} 20 (calcium) and has a spatial resolution as low as 90nm. X-ray Diffraction data were collected simultaneously with SXRF data. Soft X-ray STXM at ALS beamline 11.0.2 can detect fg-mass of most elements, including cosmochemically important oxygen, magnesium, aluminum and silicon, which are invisible to SXRF in this application. ALS beamline 11.0.2 has spatial resolution better than 25 nm. Limiting factors for Stardust STXM analyses were self-imposed limits of photon dose due to radiation damage concerns, and significant attenuation of <1500 eV X-rays by {approx}80{micro}m thick, {approx}25 mg/cm{sup 3} density silica aerogel capture medium. In practice, the ISPE team characterized the major, light elements using STXM (O, Mg, Al, Si) and the heavier minor and trace elements using SXRF. The two data sets overlapped only with minor Fe and Ni ({approx}1% mass abundance), providing few quantitative cross-checks. New improved standards for cross calibration are essential for consortium-based analyses of Stardust interstellar and cometary particles, IDPs. Indeed, they have far reaching application across the whole synchrotron-based analytical community. We have synthesized three ALD multilayers simultaneously on silicon nitride membranes and silicon and characterized them using RBS (on Si), XRF (on Si{sub 3}N{sub 4}) and STXM/XAS (holey Si{sub 3}N{sub 4}). The systems we have started to work with are Al-Zn-Fe and Y-Mg-Er. We have found these ALD multi-layers to be uniform at {micro}m- to nm scales, and have found excellent consistency between four analytical techniques so far. The ALD films can also be used as a standard for e-beam instruments, eg., TEM EELS or EDX. After some early issues with the consistency of coatings to the back-side of the membrane windows, we are confident to be able to show multi-analytical agreement to within 10%. As the precision improves, we can use the new standards to verify or improve the tabulated cross-sections.
Laser-saturated fluorescence of nitric oxide and chemiluminescence measurements in premixed ethanol flames
Marques, Carla S.T.; Barreta, Luiz G.; Sbampato, Maria E.; dos Santos, Alberto M. [Aerothermodynamic and Hypersonic Division, Institute of Advanced Studies - General Command of Aerospatial Technology, Rodovia dos Tamoios, km 5.5, 12228-001 Sao Jose dos Campos - SP (Brazil)
In this study, nitric oxide laser-saturated fluorescence (LSF) measurements were acquired from premixed ethanol flames at atmospheric pressure in a burner. NO-LSF experimental profiles for fuel-rich premixed ethanol flames ({phi} = 1.34 and {phi} = 1.66) were determined through the excitation/detection scheme of the Q{sub 2}(26.5) rotational line in the A{sup 2}{sigma}{sup +} - X{sup 2}{pi} (0,0) vibronic band and {gamma}(0,1) emission band. A calibration procedure by NO doping into the flame was applied to establish the NO concentration profiles in these flames. Chemiluminescent emission measurements in the (0, 0) vibronic emission bands of the OH{sup *} (A{sup 2}{sigma}{sup +} - X{sup 2}{pi}) and CH{sup *}(A{sup 2}{delta} - X{sup 2}{pi}) radicals were also obtained with high spatial and spectral resolution for fuel-rich premixed ethanol flames to correlate them with NO concentrations. Experimental chemiluminescence profiles and the ratios of the integrated areas under emission spectra (A{sub CH*}/A{sub CH*}(max.) and A{sub CH*}/A{sub OH*}) were determined. The relationships between chemiluminescence and NO concentrations were established along the premixed ethanol flames. There was a strong connection between CH{sup *} radical chemiluminescence and NO formation and the prompt-NO was identified as the governing mechanism for NO production. The results suggest the optimum ratio of the chemiluminescence of two radicals (A{sub CH*}/A{sub OH*}) for NO diagnostic purposes. (author)
Hard X-ray Fluorescence Measurements of Heteroepitaxial Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Cathode Materials
Davis, Jacob N.; Miara, Lincoln J.; Saraf, Laxmikant V.; Kaspar, Tiffany C.; Gopalan, Srikanth; Pal, Uday B.; Woicik, Joseph C.; Basu, Soumendra N.; Ludwig, Karl F.
Commonly, SOFCs are operated at high temperatures (above 800�C). At these temperatures expensive housing is needed to contain an operating stack as well as coatings to contain the oxidation of the metallic interconnects. Lowering the temperature of an operating device would allow for more conventional materials to be used, thus lowering overall cost. Understanding the surface chemical states of cations in the surface of the SOFC cathode is vital to designing a system that will perform well at lower temperatures. The samples studied were grown by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) at the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL) at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). 20% strontium doped lanthanum manganite (LSM-20) was grown on YSZ and NGO (neodymium gallate). The films on YSZ have a fiber texture. LSM-20 on NGO is heteroepitaxial. Lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrite (LSCF-6428) films were grown on LAO and YSZ with a GDC barrier layer. Total X-ray Reflection Fluorescence (TXRF) was used to depth profile the samples. In a typical experiment, the angle of the incident beam is varied though the critical angle. Below the critical angle, the x-ray decays as an evanescent wave and will only penetrate the top few nanometers. TXRF experiments done on LSM films have suggested strontium segregates to the surface and form strontium enriched nanoparticles (1). It should be pointed out that past studies have focused on 30% strontium A-site doping, but this project uses 20% strontium doped lanthanum manganite. XANES and EXAFS data were taken as a function of incoming angle to probe composition as a function of depth. XANES spectra can be difficult to analyze fully. For other materials density functional theory calculations compared to near edge measurements have been a good way to understand the 3d valence electrons (2).
Thickness measurement of aluminum, titanium, titanium silicide, and tungsten silicide films by x-ray fluorescence
Ernst, S.; Lee, C.O.; Lee, J.J. (Motorola, Inc., Advanced Products Research and Development Lab., Austin, TX (US))
X-ray fluorescence (XRF) has received a great deal of attention in the last few years as a quantitative means of determining both the stoichiometry and thickness of many different kinds of films. Examples include Ag and Cu films on mica substrates, Sn-Pb alloys on steel substrates, Al-Ti multilayers on Cu substrates and oxide films on silicon substrates. In XRF the sample is irradiated with x-rays which in turn cause x-rays to be given off by the sample. These x-rays that are given off by the sample can then be analyzed both for energy and intensity. The energy of the x-rays is characteristic of the elemental makeup of the sample and the intensity of the x-rays is dependent on how much of the particular element is present. The intensity then can be related to the thickness of a film if the stoichiometry of the film can be assumed constant. With the increased interest in silicides and more recently, the self-aligned silicide (salicide) process (8-10) for VLSI applications, in-line process monitoring of silicide film thickness has become important to integrated circuit manufacturing. In this study, the number of x-ray photons given of by Al, Ti, titanium silicide, and tungsten silicide films on silicon-based substrates was quantified so that a film thickness for an unknown sample could then be determined easily. In addition, XRF is a more accurate technique, limited principally by the accuracy technique, limited principally by the accuracy of the reference used and the amount of time the x-ray photons are counted.
On the feasibility of using the intrinsic fluorescence of nucleotides for DNA sequencing.
Chowdhury, M. H.; Ray, K.; Johnson, R. L.; Gray, S. K.; Pond, J.; Lakowicz, J. R.; Univ. of Maryland; Univ. of Virginia; Lumerical Solutions, Inc.
There is presently a worldwide effort to increase the speed and decrease the cost of DNA sequencing as exemplified by the goal of the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) to sequence a human genome for under $1000. Several high throughput technologies are under development. Among these, single strand sequencing using exonuclease appear very promising. However, this approach requires complete labeling of at least two bases at a time, with extrinsic high quantum yield probes. This is necessary because nucleotides absorb in the deep ultraviolet (UV) and emit with extremely low quantum yields. Hence intrinsic emission from DNA and nucleotides is not being exploited for DNA sequencing. In the present paper we consider the possibility of identifying single nucleotides using their intrinsic emission. We used the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method to calculate the effects of aluminum nanoparticles on nearby fluorophores that emit in the UV. We find that the radiated power of UV fluorophores is significantly increased when they are in close proximity to aluminum nanostructures. We show that there will be increased localized excitation near aluminum particles at wavelengths used to excite intrinsic nucleotide emission. Using FDTD simulation we show that a typical DNA base when coupled to appropriate aluminum nanostructures leads to highly directional emission. Additionally we present experimental results showing that a thin film of nucleotides show enhanced emission when in close proximity to aluminum nanostructures. Finally we provide Monte Carlo simulations that predict high levels of base calling accuracy for an assumed number of photons that is derived from the emission spectra of the intrinsic fluorescence of the bases. Our results suggest that single nucleotides can be detected and identified using aluminum nanostructures that enhance their intrinsic emission. This capability would be valuable for the ongoing efforts toward the $1000 genome.
Two photon absorption laser induced fluorescence measurements of neutral density in a helicon plasma
Galante, M. E.; Magee, R. M.; Scime, E. E. [Department of Physics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506 (United States)] [Department of Physics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506 (United States)
We have developed a new diagnostic based on two-photon absorption laser induced fluorescence (TALIF). We use a high intensity (5?MW/cm{sup 2}), narrow bandwidth (0.1?cm{sup ?1}) laser to probe the ground state of neutral hydrogen, deuterium and krypton with spatial resolution better than 0.2?cm, a time resolution of 10?ns, and a measurement cadence of 20?Hz. Here, we describe proof-of-principle measurements in a helicon plasma source that demonstrate the TALIF diagnostic is capable of measuring neutral densities spanning four orders of magnitude; comparable to the edge neutral gradients predicted in the DIII-D tokamak pedestal. The measurements are performed in hydrogen and deuterium plasmas and absolute calibration is accomplished through TALIF measurements in neutral krypton. The optical configuration employed is confocal, i.e., both light injection and collection are accomplished with a single lens through a single optical port in the vacuum vessel. The wavelength resolution of the diagnostic is sufficient to separate hydrogen and deuterium spectra and we present measurements from mixed hydrogen and deuterium plasmas that demonstrate isotopic abundance measurements are feasible. Time resolved measurements also allow us to explore the evolution of the neutral hydrogen density and temperature and effects of wall recycling. We find that the atomic neutral density grows rapidly at the initiation of the discharge, reaching the steady-state value within 1?ms. Additionally, we find that neutral hydrogen atoms are born with 0.08?eV temperatures, not 2?eV as is typically assumed.
Monochromatic wavelength dispersive x-ray fluorescence providing sensitive and selective detection of uranium
Havrilla, George J [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Collins, Michael L [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Montoya, Velma M [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Chen, Zewu [XOS; Wei, Fuzhong [XOS
Monochromatic wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (MWDXRF) is a sensitive and selective method for elemental compositional analyses. The basis for this instrumental advance is the doubly curved crystal (DCC) optic. Previous work has demonstrated the feasibility of sensitive trace element detection for yttrium as a surrogate for curium in aqueous solutions. Additional measurements have demonstrated similar sensitivity in several different matrix environments which attests to the selectivity of the DCC optic as well as the capabilities of the MWDXRF concept. The objective of this effort is to develop an improved Pu characterization method for nuclear fuel reprocessing plants. The MWDXRF prototype instrument is the second step in a multi-year effort to achieve an improved Pu assay. This work will describe a prototype MWDXRF instrument designed for uranium detection and characterization. The prototype consists of an X-ray tube with a rhodium anode and a DCC excitation optic incorporated into the source. The DCC optic passes the RhK{alpha} line at 20.214 keV for monochromatic excitation of the sample. The source is capable of 50 W power at 50 kV and 1.0 mA operation. The x-ray emission from the sample is collected by a DCC optic set at the UL{alpha} line of 13.613 keV. The collection optic transmits the UL{alpha} x-rays to the silicon drift detector. The x-ray source, sample, collection optic and detector are all mounted on motion controlled stages for the critical alignment of these components. The sensitivity and selectivity of the instrument is obtained through the monochromatic excitation and the monochromatic detection. The prototype instrument performance has a demonstrated for sensitivity for uranium detection of around 2 ppm at the current state of development. Further improvement in sensitivity is expected with more detailed alignment.
Nielson,, K. K.; Sanders,, R. W.
SAP3 is a dual-function FORTRAN computer program which performs peak analysis of energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectra and then quantitatively interprets the results of the multielement analysis. It was written for mono- or bi-chromatic excitation as from an isotopic or secondary excitation source, and uses the separate incoherent and coherent backscatter intensities to define the bulk sample matrix composition. This composition is used in performing fundamental-parameter matrix corrections for self-absorption, enhancement, and particle-size effects, obviating the need for specific calibrations for a given sample matrix. The generalized calibration is based on a set of thin-film sensitivities, which are stored in a library disk file and used for all sample matrices and thicknesses. Peak overlap factors are also determined from the thin-film standards, and are stored in the library for calculating peak overlap corrections. A detailed description is given of the algorithms and program logic, and the program listing and flow charts are also provided. An auxiliary program, SPCAL, is also given for use in calibrating the backscatter intensities. SAP3 provides numerous analysis options via seventeen control switches which give flexibility in performing the calculations best suited to the sample and the user needs. User input may be limited to the name of the library, the analysis livetime, and the spectrum filename and location. Output includes all peak analysis information, matrix correction factors, and element concentrations, uncertainties and detection limits. Twenty-four elements are typically determined from a 1024-channel spectrum in one-to-two minutes using a PDP-11/34 computer operating under RSX-11M.
A new anthropometric phantom for calibrating in vivo measurements of stable lead in the human leg using X-ray fluorescence
Spitz, H.; Jenkins, M.; Lodwick, J.; Bornschein, R.
A new anthropometric phantom has been developed for calibrating in vivo measurements of stable lead deposited in bone using x-ray fluorescence. The phantom reproduces the shape of the mid shaft of the adult human leg and is fabricated using polyurethanes and calcium carbonate to produce materials that exhibit the same density, energy transmission, and calcium content as cortical bone, bone marrow, and muscle. The phantom includes a removable tibia fabricated using simulants for cortical bone and bone marrow to which a precise amount of stable lead has been added to cortical bone. The formulations used in fabricating the new anthropometric phantom are much more uniform in density and composition than the conventional phantom made from Plexiglas cylinders filled with plaster-of-Paris. The energy spectrum from an x-ray fluorescence measurement of the phantom using a {sup 109}Cd source is indistinguishable from an in vivo x-ray fluorescence measurement of the human leg, demonstrating that the materials used in the phantom exhibit the same radiological properties as human tissue. Likewise, results from x-ray fluorescence measurements of the phantom exhibit the same positional dependency as the human leg and vary by approximately 36% when, for example, the phantom containing 54 ppm of stable lead in the tibia was rotated by only 15 degrees. The detection limit for a 30 min {sup 109}Cd K shell x-ray fluorescence in vivo measurement is approximately 20 ppm determined from a background measurement using the new phantom containing no added lead in the muscle, bone, or bone marrow. The new anthropometric phantom significantly improves in vivo x-ray fluorescence calibration measurements by (1) faithfully reproducing the anatomy of the human leg, (2) having components that exhibit radiological properties similar to that of human tissue, and (3) providing a realistic calibration standard that can be used for in vivo x-ray fluorescence intercomparison measurements.
A Review of the Reflector Compact Fluorescent Lights Technology Procurement Program: Conclusions and Results
Sandahl, Linda J.; Gilbride, Theresa L.; Ledbetter, Marc R.; McCullough, Jeffrey J.
This report describes a project sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and implemented by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), from 2000 to 2007 to improve the performance of reflector type (R-lamp) compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) and increase their availability throughout the United States by means of a technology development and procurement strategy. In 2000, at the request of the U.S. Department of Energy�s Emerging Technologies Program and its predecessors, the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory undertook a technology procurement seeking R-CFLs that were specifically designed for use in ICAT recessed can fixtures and that met other minimum performance criteria including minimum light output and size restrictions (to ensure they fit in standard residential recessed cans). The technology procurement included two phases. In Phase I, requests for proposals (RFPs) were issued in October 2002 and five manufacturers responded with 12 lamp models. Eight of these models met the minimum requirements and passed the 6-hour short-term test in a simulated ICAT environment. These eight models were subjected to long-term tests of 6,000 or more hours in a simulated ICAT environment. Three of these models passed the short- and long-term tests and were promoted through the program website (www.pnl.gov/rlamps), press releases, and fliers. To increase the number of qualifying models, a second RFP was issued in June 2005. In April 2007, DOE announced that 16 reflector CFL (R-CFL) models by four manufacturers had met all the minimum requirements of Phase 2 of the R-CFL Technology Innovation Competition. PNNL developed both the criteria and the test apparatus design for Elevated Temperature Life Testing (ETLT), which has been included by DOE in its draft ENERGY STAR specifications for the reflector category of CFLs. PNNL promoted the winning lamps through a program website, press releases, and fliers as well as through program partners. PNNL also helped engage distributors including Costco, the Home Depot, Bonneville Power Administration, and utility organizations.
Jurgensen, A; David Missimer, D; Ronny Rutherford, R
Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) was requested to develop an x-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry method for elemental characterization of the Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) pretreated low activity waste (LAW) stream to the LAW Vitrification Plant. The WTP is evaluating the potential for using XRF as a rapid turnaround technique to support LAW product compliance and glass former batching. The overall objective of this task was to develop XRF analytical methods that provide the rapid turnaround time (<8 hours) requested by the WTP, while providing sufficient accuracy and precision to determine waste composition variations. For Phase 1a, SRNL (1) evaluated, selected, and procured an XRF instrument for WTP installation, (2) investigated three XRF sample methods for preparing the LAW sub-sample for XRF analysis, and (3) initiated scoping studies on AN-105 (Envelope A) simulant to determine the instrument's capability, limitations, and optimum operating parameters. After preliminary method development on simulants and the completion of Phase 1a activities, SRNL received approval from WTP to begin Phase 1b activities with the objective of optimizing the XRF methodology. Three XRF sample methods used for preparing the LAW sub-sample for XRF analysis were studied: direct liquid analysis, dried spot, and fused glass. The direct liquid method was selected because its major advantage is that the LAW can be analyzed directly without any sample alteration that could bias the method accuracy. It also is the fastest preparation technique--a typical XRF measurement could be completed in < 1hr after sample delivery. Except for sodium, the method detection limits (MDLs) for the most important analytes in solution, the hold point elements, were achieved by this method. The XRF detection limits are generally adequate for glass former batching and product composition reporting, but may be inadequate for some species (Hg, Cd, and Ba) important to land disposal restrictions. The long term precision (24-hr) also was good with percent relative standard deviations (%RSDs) < 10 % for most elements in filtered solution. There were some issues with a few elements precipitating out of solution over time affecting the long term precision of the method. Additional research will need to be performed to resolve this sample stability problem. Activities related to methodology optimization in the Phase 1b portion of the study were eliminated as a result of WTP request to discontinue remaining activities due to funding reduction. These preliminary studies demonstrate that developing an XRF method to support the LAW vitrification plant is feasible. When funding is restored for the WTP, it is recommended that optimization of this technology should be pursued.
Engineering ESPT Pathways Based on Structural Analysis of LSSmKate Red Fluorescent Proteins with Large Stokes Shift
Piatkevich, K.; Malashkevich, V; Almo, S; Verkhusha, V
LSSmKate1 and LSSmKate2 are monomeric red fluorescent proteins (RFPs) with large Stokes shifts (LSSs), which allows for efficient separation of absorbance and emission maxima, as well as for excitation with conventional two-photon laser sources. These LSSmKates differ by a single amino acid substitution at position 160 and exhibit absorbance maxima around 460 nm, corresponding to a neutral DsRed-like chromophore. However, excitation at 460 nm leads to fluorescence emission above 600 nm. Structures of LSSmKate1 and LSSmKate2, determined at resolutions of 2.0 and 1.5 {angstrom}, respectively, revealed that the predominant DsRed-chromophore configurations are cis for LSSmKate1 but trans for LSSmKate2. Crystallographic and mutagenesis analyses, as well as isotope and temperature dependences, suggest that an excited-state proton transfer (ESPT) is responsible for the LSSs observed in LSSmKates. Hydrogen bonding between the chromophore hydroxyl and Glu160 in LSSmKate1 and a proton relay involving the chromophore tyrosine hydroxyl, Ser158, and the Asp160 carboxylate in LSSmKate2 represent the putative ESPT pathways. Comparisons with mKeima LSS RFP suggest that similar proton relays could be engineered in other FPs. Accordingly, we mutated positions 158 and 160 in several conventional red-shifted FPs, including mNeptune, mCherry, mStrawberry, mOrange, and mKO, and the resulting FP variants exhibited LSS fluorescence emission in a wide range of wavelengths from 560 to 640 nm. These data suggest that different chromophores formed by distinct tripeptides in different environments can be rationally modified to yield RFPs with novel photochemical properties.
Validation of a comercially available fluorescence-based instrument to evaluate stallion spermatozoal concentration and comparison to photometric systems
Comerford, Kathryn L.
ejaculated and extended spermatozoa. The instrument is also more repeatable than either photometric system, but may be cost-prohibitive for some operations. v v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author wishes to thank ChemoMetec A/S of Aler?d, Denmark... in commercial breding operations because they are more afordable than a flow cytometer and produce results more quickly than a hemacytometer. ChemoMetec A/S (Aler?d, Denmark) has developed the NucleoCounter SP-100, a fluorescence-based instrument...
Competition between photodetachment and autodetachment of the 2{sup 1}??{sup *} state of the green fluorescent protein chromophore anion
Mooney, Ciar�n R. S.; Parkes, Michael A.; Zhang, Lijuan; Hailes, Helen C.; Fielding, Helen H., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ (United Kingdom); Simperler, Alexandra; Bearpark, Michael J. [Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ (United Kingdom)
Using a combination of photoelectron spectroscopy measurements and quantum chemistry calculations, we have identified competing electron emission processes that contribute to the 350�315 nm photoelectron spectra of the deprotonated green fluorescent protein chromophore anion, p-hydroxybenzylidene-2,3-dimethylimidazolinone. As well as direct electron detachment from S{sub 0}, we observe resonant excitation of the 2{sup 1}??* state of the anion followed by autodetachment. The experimental photoelectron spectra are found to be significantly broader than photoelectron spectrum calculated using the Franck-Condon method and we attribute this to rapid (?10 fs) vibrational decoherence, or intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution, within the neutral radical.
In-situ stoichiometry determination using x-ray fluorescence generated by reflection-high-energy-electron-diffraction
Keenan, Cameron; Chandril, Sandeep; Lederman, David [Department of Physics and Multifunctional Materials Laboratory, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506 (United States); Myers, T. H. [Department of Physics and Multifunctional Materials Laboratory, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506 (United States); Materials Science, Engineering, and Commercialization Program, Texas State University-San Marcos, San Marcos, Texas 78666 (United States)
A major challenge in the stoichiometric growth of complex oxide compounds is the control of the relative compositions of the constituent materials. A potential avenue for compositional analysis during growth is the use of x-ray fluorescence generated during reflection high energy electron diffraction measurements. Using this technique, relative compositions of Y and Mn in molecular beam epitaxy grown YMnO{sub 3} samples were studied. Comparing the results with Rutherford back scattering spectroscopy suggests that the technique has the potential for real-time analysis of elemental fluxes and stoichiometry control during sample growth.
A survey for Fe 6.4 keV emission in young stellar objects in rho Oph: the strong fluorescence from Elias 29
Favata, F; Silva, B; Sciortino, S; Tsujimoto, M
We report the results of a search for 6.4 keV Fe fluorescent emission in Young Stellar Objects (YSOs) with measured accretion luminosities in the rho Oph cloud, using all existing chandra and XMM-Newton observations of the region. A total of nine such YSOs have X-ray data with sufficiently high S/N for the 6.4 keV line to be potentially detected if present. A positive detection of the Fe 6.4 keV line is reported for one object, Elias 29, in both the XMM-Newton and the chandra data. The 6.4 keV line is detected in Elias 29 both during quiescent and flaring emission, unlikely all previously reported detections of 6.4 keV Fe fluorescence in YSOs which were made during intense flaring. The observed equivalent width of the fluorescent line is large, at W_alpha approx 140 eV, ruling out fluorescence from diffuse circumstellar material. It is also larger than expected for simple reflection from a solar-composition photosphere or circumstellar disk, but it is compatible with being due to fluorescence from a centrally...
A survey for Fe 6.4 keV emission in young stellar objects in rho Oph: the strong fluorescence from Elias 29
F. Favata; G. Micela; B. Silva; S. Sciortino; M. Tsujimoto
We report the results of a search for 6.4 keV Fe fluorescent emission in Young Stellar Objects (YSOs) with measured accretion luminosities in the rho Oph cloud, using all existing chandra and XMM-Newton observations of the region. A total of nine such YSOs have X-ray data with sufficiently high S/N for the 6.4 keV line to be potentially detected if present. A positive detection of the Fe 6.4 keV line is reported for one object, Elias 29, in both the XMM-Newton and the chandra data. The 6.4 keV line is detected in Elias 29 both during quiescent and flaring emission, unlikely all previously reported detections of 6.4 keV Fe fluorescence in YSOs which were made during intense flaring. The observed equivalent width of the fluorescent line is large, at W_alpha approx 140 eV, ruling out fluorescence from diffuse circumstellar material. It is also larger than expected for simple reflection from a solar-composition photosphere or circumstellar disk, but it is compatible with being due to fluorescence from a centrally illuminated circumstellar disk. The X-ray spectrum of Elias 29 is also peculiar in terms of its high (ionized) Fe abundance, as evident from the very intense Fe xxv 6.7 keV line emission; we speculate on the possible mechanism leading to the observed high abundance.
Efficacy of Aqui-S as an Anesthetic for Market-Sized Striped Bass L. CURRY WOODS III,* DANIEL D. THEISEN, AND SHUYANG HE
Hamza, Iqbal
for the temperate striped bass Morone saxatilis. Methods Source of fish and anesthetic.--All of the striped bassEfficacy of Aqui-S as an Anesthetic for Market-Sized Striped Bass L. CURRY WOODS III,* DANIEL D 20742, USA Abstract.--Market-sized 2-year-old striped bass Morone saxatilis (average weight, 645 g) were
Development And Evaluation Of Stable Isotope And Fluorescent Labeling And Detection Methodologies For Tracking Injected Bacteria During In Situ Bioremediation
Mark E. Fuller; Tullis C. Onstott
This report summarizes the results of a research project conducted to develop new methods to label bacterial cells so that they could be tracked and enumerated as they move in the subsurface after they are introduced into the groundwater (i.e., during bioaugmentation). Labeling methods based on stable isotopes of carbon (13C) and vital fluorescent stains were developed. Both approaches proved successful with regards to the ability to effectively label bacterial cells. Several methods for enumeration of fluorescently-labeled cells were developed and validated, including near-real time microplate spectrofluorometry that could be performed in the field. However, the development of a novel enumeration method for the 13C-enriched cells, chemical reaction interface/mass spectrometry (CRIMS), was not successful due to difficulties with the proposed instrumentation. Both labeling methodologies were successfully evaluated and validated during laboratory- and field-scale bacterial transport experiments. The methods developed during this research should be useful for future bacterial transport work as well as other microbial ecology research in a variety of environments. A full bibliography of research articles and meeting presentations related to this project is included (including web links to abstracts and full text reprints).
2-dimensional ion velocity distributions measured by laser-induced fluorescence above a radio-frequency biased silicon wafer
Moore, Nathaniel B.; Gekelman, Walter; Pribyl, Patrick [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095 (United States)] [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095 (United States); Zhang, Yiting; Kushner, Mark J. [Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Ave., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2122 (United States)] [Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Ave., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2122 (United States)
The dynamics of ions traversing sheaths in low temperature plasmas are important to the formation of the ion energy distribution incident onto surfaces during microelectronics fabrication. Ion dynamics have been measured using laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) in the sheath above a 30 cm diameter, 2.2 MHz-biased silicon wafer in a commercial inductively coupled plasma processing reactor. The velocity distribution of argon ions was measured at thousands of positions above and radially along the surface of the wafer by utilizing a planar laser sheet from a pulsed, tunable dye laser. Velocities were measured both parallel and perpendicular to the wafer over an energy range of 0.4�600 eV. The resulting fluorescence was recorded using a fast CCD camera, which provided resolution of 0.4 mm in space and 30 ns in time. Data were taken at eight different phases during the 2.2 MHz cycle. The ion velocity distributions (IVDs) in the sheath were found to be spatially non-uniform near the edge of the wafer and phase-dependent as a function of height. Several cm above the wafer the IVD is Maxwellian and independent of phase. Experimental results were compared with simulations. The experimental time-averaged ion energy distribution function as a function of height compare favorably with results from the computer model.