text:
More Topics
Creator's Hub
Collect Leads
Get Started
Tips & Tricks
For Business
Your SlideShare is downloading.
Camel manual-2.11.0
Upcoming SlideShare
Loading in...
Like this document? Why not share!
Auto mapper public
by Oleksii Duhno
382 views
Planes & axes
by Shimaa Essa
50068 views
EPAM :: LightingTalks :: Oct 2013
by Vyacheslav Yakovenko
81 views
Camel as a_glue
by Andriy Andrunevchyn
1987 views
by AbrarMoiz
1136 views
Case Study -- Email Ads Served in R...
by MediaPost
489 views
Share SlideShare
Email sent successfully!
Size (px)
Start on
Show related SlideShares at end
WordPress Shortcode
Camel manual-2.11.0
Published on
Aug 09, 2013
Published in:
0 Comments
Full Name
Comment goes here.
12 hours ago
Are you sure you want to
Your message goes here
Be the first to comment
Be the first to like this
No Downloads
Total Views
On Slideshare
From Embeds
Number of Embeds
No embeds
Report content
Flagged as inappropriate
Flag as inappropriate
Copyright Complaint
No notes for slide
Transcript of "Camel manual-2.11.0"
1. Apache Camel U S ER G U IDE Version 2.11.0 Copyright 2007-2013, Apache Software Foundation
Table of Contents Table of Contents......................................................................... ii Chapter 1 Introduction ...................................................................................1 Chapter 1 Quickstart.......................................................................................1 Chapter 1 Getting Started..............................................................................7 Chapter 1 Architecture................................................................................ 17 Chapter 1 Enterprise Integration Patterns.............................................. 37 Chapter 1 Cook Book ................................................................................... 42 Chapter 1 Tutorials..................................................................................... 122 Chapter 1 Language Appendix.................................................................. 221 Chapter 1 DataFormat Appendix............................................................. 297 Chapter 1 Pattern Appendix..................................................................... 383 Chapter 1 Component Appendix ............................................................. 532 Index................................................................................................0 ii APACHE CAMEL
CHAPTER 1 °°°° Introduction Apache Camel ª is a versatile open-source integration framework based on known Enterprise Integration Patterns. Camel empowers you to define routing and mediation rules in a variety of domain-specific languages, including a Java-based Fluent API, Spring or Blueprint XML Configuration files, and a Scala DSL. This means you get smart completion of routing rules in your IDE, whether in a Java, Scala or XML editor. Apache Camel uses URIs to work directly with any kind of Transport or messaging model such as HTTP, ActiveMQ, JMS, JBI, SCA, MINA or CXF, as well as pluggable Components and Data Format options. Apache Camel is a small library with minimal dependencies for easy embedding in any Java application. Apache Camel lets you work with the same API regardless which kind of Transport is used - so learn the API once and you can interact with all the Components provided out-of-box. Apache Camel provides support for Bean Binding and seamless integration with popular frameworks such as Spring, Blueprint and Guice. Camel also has extensive support for unit testing your routes. The following projects can leverage Apache Camel as a routing and mediation engine: • Apache ServiceMix - a popular distributed open source ESB and JBI container • Apache ActiveMQ - a mature, widely used open source message broker • Apache CXF - a smart web services suite (JAX-WS and JAX-RS) • Apache Karaf - a small OSGi based runtime in which applications can be deployed • Apache MINA - a high-performance NIO-driven networking framework So don't get the hump - try Camel today! CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION 1
Too many buzzwords - what exactly is Camel? Okay, so the description above is technology focused. There's a great discussion about Camel at Stack Overflow. We suggest you view the post, read the comments, and browse the suggested links for more details. 2 CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 2 °°°° Quickstart To start using Apache Camel quickly, you can read through some simple examples in this chapter. For readers who would like a more thorough introduction, please skip ahead to Chapter 3. WALK THROUGH AN EXAMPLE CODE This mini-guide takes you through the source code of a simple example. Camel can be configured either by using Spring or directly in Java - which this example does. This example is available in the examplescamel-example-jms-file directory of the Camel distribution. We start with creating a CamelContext - which is a container for Components, Routes etc: CamelContext context = new DefaultCamelContext(); There is more than one way of adding a Component to the CamelContext. You can add components implicitly - when we set up the routing - as we do here for the FileComponent: context.addRoutes(new RouteBuilder() { public void configure() { from("test-jms:queue:test.queue").to("file://test"); } }); or explicitly - as we do here when we add the JMS Component: ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ActiveMQConnectionFactory("vm://localhost?broker.persistent=false"); // Note we can explicit name the component context.addComponent("test-jms", JmsComponent.jmsComponentAutoAcknowledge(connectionFactory)); The above works with any JMS provider. If we know we are using ActiveMQ we can use an even simpler form using the activeMQComponent() method while specifying the brokerURL used to connect to ActiveMQ CHAPTER 2 - QUICKSTART 1
camelContext.addComponent("activemq", activeMQComponent("vm://localhost?broker.persistent=false")); In normal use, an external system would be firing messages or events directly into Camel through one if its Components but we are going to use the ProducerTemplate which is a really easy way for testing your configuration: ProducerTemplate template = context.createProducerTemplate(); Next you must start the camel context. If you are using Spring to configure the camel context this is automatically done for you; though if you are using a pure Java approach then you just need to call the start() method camelContext.start(); This will start all of the configured routing rules. So after starting the CamelContext, we can fire some objects into camel: for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { template.sendBody("test-jms:queue:test.queue", "Test Message: " + i); } WHAT HAPPENS? From the ProducerTemplate - we send objects (in this case text) into the CamelContext to the Component test-jms:queue:test.queue. These text objects will be converted automatically into JMS Messages and posted to a JMS Queue named test.queue. When we set up the Route, we configured the FileComponent to listen of the test.queue. The File FileComponent will take messages off the Queue, and save them to a directory named test. Every message will be saved in a file that corresponds to its destination and message id. Finally, we configured our own listener in the Route - to take notifications from the FileComponent and print them out as text. That's it! If you have the time then use 5 more minutes to Walk through another example that demonstrates the Spring DSL (XML based) routing. 2 CHAPTER 2 - QUICKSTART
WALK THROUGH ANOTHER EXAMPLE Introduction Continuing the walk from our first example, we take a closer look at the routing and explain a few pointers - so you won't walk into a bear trap, but can enjoy an after-hours walk to the local pub for a large beer First we take a moment to look at the Enterprise Integration Patterns - the base pattern catalog for integration scenarios. In particular we focus on Pipes and Filters - a central pattern. This is used to route messages through a sequence of processing steps, each performing a specific function - much like the Java Servlet Filters. Pipes and filters In this sample we want to process a message in a sequence of steps where each steps can perform their specific function. In our example we have a JMS queue for receiving new orders. When an order is received we need to process it in several steps: ▪ validate ▪ register ▪ send confirm email This can be created in a route like this: <route> <from uri="jms:queue:order"/> <pipeline> <bean ref="validateOrder"/> <bean ref="registerOrder"/> <bean ref="sendConfirmEmail"/> </pipeline> </route> Where as the bean ref is a reference for a spring bean id, so we define our beans using regular Spring XML as: <bean id="validateOrder" class="com.mycompany.MyOrderValidator"/> Our validator bean is a plain POJO that has no dependencies to Camel what so ever. So you can implement this POJO as you like. Camel uses rather intelligent Bean Binding to invoke your POJO with the payload of the received message. In this example we will not dig into this how this happens. You should return to this topic later when you got some hands on experience with Camel how it can easily bind routing using your existing POJO beans. So what happens in the route above. Well when an order is received from the JMS queue the message is routed like Pipes and Filters: 1. payload from the JMS is sent as input to the validateOrder bean CHAPTER 2 - QUICKSTART 3
Pipeline is default In the route above we specify pipeline but it can be omitted as its default, so you can write the route as: <route> <from uri="jms:queue:order"/> <bean ref="validateOrder"/> <bean ref="registerOrder"/> <bean ref="sendConfirmEmail"/> </route> This is commonly used not to state the pipeline. An example where the pipeline needs to be used, is when using a multicast and "one" of the endpoints to send to (as a logical group) is a pipeline of other endpoints. For example. <route> <from uri="jms:queue:order"/> <multicast> <to uri="log:org.company.log.Category"/> <pipeline> <bean ref="validateOrder"/> <bean ref="registerOrder"/> <bean ref="sendConfirmEmail"/> </pipeline> </multicast> </route> The above sends the order (from jms:queue:order) to two locations at the same time, our log component, and to the "pipeline" of beans which goes one to the other. If you consider the opposite, sans the <pipeline> <route> <from uri="jms:queue:order"/> <multicast> <to uri="log:org.company.log.Category"/> <bean ref="validateOrder"/> <bean ref="registerOrder"/> <bean ref="sendConfirmEmail"/> </multicast> </route> you would see that multicast would not "flow" the message from one bean to the next, but rather send the order to all 4 endpoints (1x log, 3x bean) in parallel, which is not (for this 4 CHAPTER 2 - QUICKSTART
example) what we want. We need the message to flow to the validateOrder, then to the registerOrder, then the sendConfirmEmail so adding the pipeline, provides this facility. 2. the output from validateOrder bean is sent as input to the registerOrder bean 3. the output from registerOrder bean is sent as input to the sendConfirmEmail bean Using Camel Components In the route lets imagine that the registration of the order has to be done by sending data to a TCP socket that could be a big mainframe. As Camel has many Components we will use the camel-mina component that supports TCP connectivity. So we change the route to: <route> <from uri="jms:queue:order"/> <bean ref="validateOrder"/> <to uri="mina:tcp://mainframeip:4444?textline=true"/> <bean ref="sendConfirmEmail"/> </route> What we now have in the route is a to type that can be used as a direct replacement for the bean type. The steps is now: 1. payload from the JMS is sent as input to the validateOrder bean 2. the output from validateOrder bean is sent as text to the mainframe using TCP 3. the output from mainframe is sent back as input to the sendConfirmEmai bean What to notice here is that the to is not the end of the route (the world ) in this example it's used in the middle of the Pipes and Filters. In fact we can change the bean types to to as well: <route> <from uri="jms:queue:order"/> <to uri="bean:validateOrder"/> <to uri="mina:tcp://mainframeip:4444?textline=true"/> <to uri="bean:sendConfirmEmail"/> </route> As the to is a generic type we must state in the uri scheme which component it is. So we must write bean: for the Bean component that we are using. CHAPTER 2 - QUICKSTART 5
Conclusion This example was provided to demonstrate the Spring DSL (XML based) as opposed to the pure Java DSL from the first example. And as well to point about that the to doesn't have to be the last node in a route graph. This example is also based on the in-only message exchange pattern. What you must understand as well is the in-out message exchange pattern, where the caller expects a response. We will look into this in another example. See also ▪ Examples ▪ Tutorials ▪ User Guide 6 CHAPTER 2 - QUICKSTART
CHAPTER 3 °°°° Getting Started with Apache Camel THE ENTERPRISE INTEGRATION PATTERNS (EIP) BOOK The purpose of a "patterns" book is not to advocate new techniques that the authors have invented, but rather to document existing best practices within a particular field. By doing this, the authors of a patterns book hope to spread knowledge of best practices and promote a vocabulary for discussing architectural designs. One of the most famous patterns books is Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-oriented Software by Erich Gamma, Richard Helm, Ralph Johnson and John Vlissides, commonly known as the "Gang of Four" (GoF) book. Since the publication of Design Patterns, many other pattern books, of varying quality, have been written. One famous patterns book is called Enterprise Integration Patterns: Designing, Building, and Deploying Messaging Solutions by Gregor Hohpe and Bobby Woolf. It is common for people to refer to this book by its initials EIP. As the subtitle of EIP suggests, the book focuses on design patterns for asynchronous messaging systems. The book discusses 65 patterns. Each pattern is given a textual name and most are also given a graphical symbol, intended to be used in architectural diagrams. THE CAMEL PROJECT Camel (http://camel.apache.org) is an open-source, Java-based project that helps the user implement many of the design patterns in the EIP book. Because Camel implements many of the design patterns in the EIP book, it would be a good idea for people who work with Camel to have the EIP book as a reference. ONLINE DOCUMENTATION FOR CAMEL The documentation is all under the Documentation category on the right-side menu of the Camel website (also available in PDF form. Camel-related books are also available, in particular the Camel in Action book, presently serving as the Camel bible--it has a free Chapter One (pdf), which is highly recommended to read to get more familiar with Camel. CHAPTER 3 - GETTING STARTED WITH APACHE CAMEL 7
A useful tip for navigating the online documentation The breadcrumbs at the top of the online Camel documentation can help you navigate between parent and child subsections. For example, If you are on the "Languages" documentation page then the left-hand side of the reddish bar contains the following links. Apache Camel > Documentation > Architecture > Languages As you might expect, clicking on "Apache Camel" takes you back to the home page of the Apache Camel project, and clicking on "Documentation" takes you to the main documentation page. You can interpret the "Architecture" and "Languages" buttons as indicating you are in the "Languages" section of the "Architecture" chapter. Adding browser bookmarks to pages that you frequently reference can also save time. ONLINE JAVADOC DOCUMENTATION The Apache Camel website provides Javadoc documentation. It is important to note that the Javadoc documentation is spread over several independent Javadoc hierarchies rather than being all contained in a single Javadoc hierarchy. In particular, there is one Javadoc hierarchy for the core APIs of Camel, and a separate Javadoc hierarchy for each component technology supported by Camel. For example, if you will be using Camel with ActiveMQ and FTP then you need to look at the Javadoc hierarchies for the core API and Spring API. CONCEPTS AND TERMINOLOGY FUNDAMENTAL TO CAMEL In this section some of the concepts and terminology that are fundamental to Camel are explained. This section is not meant as a complete Camel tutorial, but as a first step in that direction. Endpoint The term endpoint is often used when talking about inter-process communication. For example, in client-server communication, the client is one endpoint and the server is the other endpoint. Depending on the context, an endpoint might refer to an address, such as a host:port pair for TCP-based communication, or it might refer to a software entity that is contactable at that address. For example, if somebody uses "www.example.com:80" as an example of an endpoint, they might be referring to the actual port at that host name (that is, an address), or they might be referring to the web server (that is, software contactable at that address). Often, the distinction between the address and software contactable at that address is not an important one. Some middleware technologies make it possible for several software entities to be contactable at the same physical address. For example, CORBA is an object-oriented, remote-procedure- 8 CHAPTER 3 - GETTING STARTED WITH APACHE CAMEL
call (RPC) middleware standard. If a CORBA server process contains several objects then a client can communicate with any of these objects at the same physical address (host:port), but a client communicates with a particular object via that object's logical address (called an IOR in CORBA terminology), which consists of the physical address (host:port) plus an id that uniquely identifies the object within its server process. (An IOR contains some additional information that is not relevant to this present discussion.) When talking about CORBA, some people may use the term "endpoint" to refer to a CORBA server's physical address, while other people may use the term to refer to the logical address of a single CORBA object, and other people still might use the term to refer to any of the following: • The physical address (host:port) of the CORBA server process • The logical address (host:port plus id) of a CORBA object. • The CORBA server process (a relatively heavyweight software entity) • A CORBA object (a lightweight software entity) Because of this, you can see that the term endpoint is ambiguous in at least two ways. First, it is ambiguous because it might refer to an address or to a software entity contactable at that address. Second, it is ambiguous in the granularity of what it refers to: a heavyweight versus lightweight software entity, or physical address versus logical address. It is useful to understand that different people use the term endpoint in slightly different (and hence ambiguous) ways because Camel's usage of this term might be different to whatever meaning you had previously associated with the term. Camel provides out-of-the-box support for endpoints implemented with many different communication technologies. Here are some examples of the Camel-supported endpoint technologies. • A JMS queue. • A web service. • A file. A file may sound like an unlikely type of endpoint, until you realize that in some systems one application might write information to a file and, later, another application might read that file. • An FTP server. • An email address. A client can send a message to an email address, and a server can read an incoming message from a mail server. • A POJO (plain old Java object). In a Camel-based application, you create (Camel wrappers around) some endpoints and connect these endpoints with routes, which I will discuss later in Section 4.8 ("Routes, RouteBuilders and Java DSL"). Camel defines a Java interface called Endpoint. Each Camel- supported endpoint has a class that implements this Endpoint interface. As I discussed in Section 3.3 ("Online Javadoc documentation"), Camel provides a separate Javadoc hierarchy for each communications technology supported by Camel. Because of this, you will find documentation on, say, the JmsEndpoint class in the JMS Javadoc hierarchy, while documentation for, say, the FtpEndpoint class is in the FTP Javadoc hierarchy. CHAPTER 3 - GETTING STARTED WITH APACHE CAMEL 9
CamelContext A CamelContext object represents the Camel runtime system. You typically have one CamelContext object in an application. A typical application executes the following steps. 1. Create a CamelContext object. 2. Add endpoints Ð and possibly Components, which are discussed in Section 4.5 ("Components") Ð to the CamelContext object. 3. Add routes to the CamelContext object to connect the endpoints. 4. Invoke the start() operation on the CamelContext object. This starts Camel- internal threads that are used to process the sending, receiving and processing of messages in the endpoints. 5. Eventually invoke the stop() operation on the CamelContext object. Doing this gracefully stops all the endpoints and Camel-internal threads. Note that the CamelContext.start() operation does not block indefinitely. Rather, it starts threads internal to each Component and Endpoint and then start() returns. Conversely, CamelContext.stop() waits for all the threads internal to each Endpoint and Component to terminate and then stop() returns. If you neglect to call CamelContext.start() in your application then messages will not be processed because internal threads will not have been created. If you neglect to call CamelContext.stop() before terminating your application then the application may terminate in an inconsistent state. If you neglect to call CamelContext.stop() in a JUnit test then the test may fail due to messages not having had a chance to be fully processed. CamelTemplate Camel used to have a class called CamelClient, but this was renamed to be CamelTemplate to be similar to a naming convention used in some other open-source projects, such as the TransactionTemplate and JmsTemplate classes in Spring. The CamelTemplate class is a thin wrapper around the CamelContext class. It has methods that send a Message or Exchange Ð both discussed in Section 4.6 ("Message and Exchange")) Ð to an Endpoint Ð discussed in Section 4.1 ("Endpoint"). This provides a way to enter messages into source endpoints, so that the messages will move along routes Ð discussed in Section 4.8 ("Routes, RouteBuilders and Java DSL") Ð to destination endpoints. The Meaning of URL, URI, URN and IRI Some Camel methods take a parameter that is a URI string. Many people know that a URI is "something like a URL" but do not properly understand the relationship between URI and URL, or indeed its relationship with other acronyms such as IRI and URN. Most people are familiar with URLs (uniform resource locators), such as "http://...", "ftp://...", "mailto:...". Put simply, a URL specifies the location of a resource. A URI (uniform resource identifier) is a URL or a URN. So, to fully understand what URI means, 10 CHAPTER 3 - GETTING STARTED WITH APACHE CAMEL
you need to first understand what is a URN. URN is an acronym for uniform resource name. There are may "unique identifier" schemes in the world, for example, ISBNs (globally unique for books), social security numbers (unique within a country), customer numbers (unique within a company's customers database) and telephone numbers. Each "unique identifier" scheme has its own notation. A URN is a wrapper for different "unique identifier" schemes. The syntax of a URN is "urn:<scheme-name>:<unique- identifier>". A URN uniquely identifies a resource, such as a book, person or piece of equipment. By itself, a URN does not specify the location of the resource. Instead, it is assumed that a registry provides a mapping from a resource's URN to its location. The URN specification does not state what form a registry takes, but it might be a database, a server application, a wall chart or anything else that is convenient. Some hypothetical examples of URNs are "urn:employee:08765245", "urn:customer:uk:3458:hul8" and "urn:foo:0000-0000-9E59-0000-5E-2". The <scheme-name> ("employee", "customer" and "foo" in these examples) part of a URN implicitly defines how to parse and interpret the <unique- identifier> that follows it. An arbitrary URN is meaningless unless: (1) you know the semantics implied by the <scheme-name>, and (2) you have access to the registry appropriate for the <scheme-name>. A registry does not have to be public or globally accessible. For example, "urn:employee:08765245" might be meaningful only within a specific company. To date, URNs are not (yet) as popular as URLs. For this reason, URI is widely misused as a synonym for URL. IRI is an acronym for internationalized resource identifier. An IRI is simply an internationalized version of a URI. In particular, a URI can contain letters and digits in the US-ASCII character set, while a IRI can contain those same letters and digits, and also European accented characters, Greek letters, Chinese ideograms and so on. Components Component is confusing terminology; EndpointFactory would have been more appropriate because a Component is a factory for creating Endpoint instances. For example, if a Camel-based application uses several JMS queues then the application will create one instance of the JmsComponent class (which implements the Component interface), and then the application invokes the createEndpoint() operation on this JmsComponent object several times. Each invocation of JmsComponent.createEndpoint() creates an instance of the JmsEndpoint class (which implements the Endpoint interface). Actually, application-level code does not invoke Component.createEndpoint() directly. Instead, application-level code normally invokes CamelContext.getEndpoint(); internally, the CamelContext object finds the desired Component object (as I will discuss shortly) and then invokes createEndpoint() on it. Consider the following code. myCamelContext.getEndpoint("pop3://email@example.com?password=myPassword"); CHAPTER 3 - GETTING STARTED WITH APACHE CAMEL 11
The parameter to getEndpoint() is a URI. The URI prefix (that is, the part before ":") specifies the name of a component. Internally, the CamelContext object maintains a mapping from names of components to Component objects. For the URI given in the above example, the CamelContext object would probably map the pop3 prefix to an instance of the MailComponent class. Then the CamelContext object invokes createEndpoint("pop3://email@example.com?password=myPassword" on that MailComponent object. The createEndpoint() operation splits the URI into its component parts and uses these parts to create and configure an Endpoint object. In the previous paragraph, I mentioned that a CamelContext object maintains a mapping from component names to Component objects. This raises the question of how this map is populated with named Component objects. There are two ways of populating the map. The first way is for application-level code to invoke CamelContext.addComponent(String componentName, Component component). The example below shows a single MailComponent object being registered in the map under 3 different names. Component mailComponent = new org.apache.camel.component.mail.MailComponent(); myCamelContext.addComponent("pop3", mailComponent); myCamelContext.addComponent("imap", mailComponent); myCamelContext.addComponent("smtp", mailComponent); The second (and preferred) way to populate the map of named Component objects in the CamelContext object is to let the CamelContext object perform lazy initialization. This approach relies on developers following a convention when they write a class that implements the Component interface. I illustrate the convention by an example. Let's assume you write a class called com.example.myproject.FooComponent and you want Camel to automatically recognize this by the name "foo". To do this, you have to write a properties file called "META-INF/services/org/apache/camel/component/foo" (without a ".properties" file extension) that has a single entry in it called class, the value of which is the fully-scoped name of your class. This is shown below. Listing 1.Listing 1. META-INF/services/org/apache/camel/component/fooMETA-INF/services/org/apache/camel/component/foo class=com.example.myproject.FooComponent If you want Camel to also recognize the class by the name "bar" then you write another properties file in the same directory called "bar" that has the same contents. Once you have written the properties file(s), you create a jar file that contains the com.example.myproject.FooComponent class and the properties file(s), and you add this jar file to your CLASSPATH. Then, when application-level code invokes createEndpoint("foo:...") on a CamelContext object, Camel will find the "foo"" properties file on the CLASSPATH, get the value of the class property from that properties file, and use reflection APIs to create an instance of the specified class. As I said in Section 4.1 ("Endpoint"), Camel provides out-of-the-box support for numerous communication technologies. The out-of-the-box support consists of classes that implement the 12 CHAPTER 3 - GETTING STARTED WITH APACHE CAMEL
Component interface plus properties files that enable a CamelContext object to populate its map of named Component objects. Earlier in this section I gave the following example of calling CamelContext.getEndpoint(). myCamelContext.getEndpoint("pop3://email@example.com?password=myPassword"); When I originally gave that example, I said that the parameter to getEndpoint() was a URI. I said that because the online Camel documentation and the Camel source code both claim the parameter is a URI. In reality, the parameter is restricted to being a URL. This is because when Camel extracts the component name from the parameter, it looks for the first ":", which is a simplistic algorithm. To understand why, recall from Section 4.4 ("The Meaning of URL, URI, URN and IRI") that a URI can be a URL or a URN. Now consider the following calls to getEndpoint. myCamelContext.getEndpoint("pop3:..."); myCamelContext.getEndpoint("jms:..."); myCamelContext.getEndpoint("urn:foo:..."); myCamelContext.getEndpoint("urn:bar:..."); Camel identifies the components in the above example as "pop3", "jms", "urn" and "urn". It would be more useful if the latter components were identified as "urn:foo" and "urn:bar" or, alternatively, as "foo" and "bar" (that is, by skipping over the "urn:" prefix). So, in practice you must identify an endpoint with a URL (a string of the form "<scheme>:...") rather than with a URN (a string of the form "urn:<scheme>:..."). This lack of proper support for URNs means the you should consider the parameter to getEndpoint() as being a URL rather than (as claimed) a URI. Message and Exchange The Message interface provides an abstraction for a single message, such as a request, reply or exception message. There are concrete classes that implement the Message interface for each Camel-supported communications technology. For example, the JmsMessage class provides a JMS-specific implementation of the Message interface. The public API of the Message interface provides get- and set-style methods to access the message id, body and individual header fields of a messge. The Exchange interface provides an abstraction for an exchange of messages, that is, a request message and its corresponding reply or exception message. In Camel terminology, the request, reply and exception messages are called in, out and fault messages. There are concrete classes that implement the Exchange interface for each Camel-supported communications technology. For example, the JmsExchange class provides a JMS-specific implementation of the Exchange interface. The public API of the Exchange interface is quite CHAPTER 3 - GETTING STARTED WITH APACHE CAMEL 13
limited. This is intentional, and it is expected that each class that implements this interface will provide its own technology-specific operations. Application-level programmers rarely access the Exchange interface (or classes that implement it) directly. However, many classes in Camel are generic types that are instantiated on (a class that implements) Exchange. Because of this, the Exchange interface appears a lot in the generic signatures of classes and methods. Processor The Processor interface represents a class that processes a message. The signature of this interface is shown below. Listing 1.Listing 1. ProcessorProcessor package org.apache.camel; public interface Processor { void process(Exchange exchange) throws Exception; } Notice that the parameter to the process() method is an Exchange rather than a Message. This provides flexibility. For example, an implementation of this method initially might call exchange.getIn() to get the input message and process it. If an error occurs during processing then the method can call exchange.setException(). An application-level developer might implement the Processor interface with a class that executes some business logic. However, there are many classes in the Camel library that implement the Processor interface in a way that provides support for a design pattern in the EIP book. For example, ChoiceProcessor implements the message router pattern, that is, it uses a cascading if-then-else statement to route a message from an input queue to one of several output queues. Another example is the FilterProcessor class which discards messages that do not satisfy a stated predicate (that is, condition). Routes, RouteBuilders and Java DSL A route is the step-by-step movement of a Message from an input queue, through arbitrary types of decision making (such as filters and routers) to a destination queue (if any). Camel provides two ways for an application developer to specify routes. One way is to specify route information in an XML file. A discussion of that approach is outside the scope of this document. The other way is through what Camel calls a Java DSL (domain-specific language). Introduction to Java DSL For many people, the term "domain-specific language" implies a compiler or interpreter that can process an input file containing keywords and syntax specific to a particular domain. This is not the approach taken by Camel. Camel documentation consistently uses the term "Java DSL" 14 CHAPTER 3 - GETTING STARTED WITH APACHE CAMEL
instead of "DSL", but this does not entirely avoid potential confusion. The Camel "Java DSL" is a class library that can be used in a way that looks almost like a DSL, except that it has a bit of Java syntactic baggage. You can see this in the example below. Comments afterwards explain some of the constructs used in the example. Listing 1.Listing 1. Example of Camel's "Java DSL"Example of Camel's "Java DSL" RouteBuilder builder = new RouteBuilder() { public void configure() { from("queue:a").filter(header("foo").isEqualTo("bar")).to("queue:b"); from("queue:c").choice() .when(header("foo").isEqualTo("bar")).to("queue:d") .when(header("foo").isEqualTo("cheese")).to("queue:e") .otherwise().to("queue:f"); } }; CamelContext myCamelContext = new DefaultCamelContext(); myCamelContext.addRoutes(builder); The first line in the above example creates an object which is an instance of an anonymous subclass of RouteBuilder with the specified configure() method. The CamelContext.addRoutes(RouterBuilder builder) method invokes builder.setContext(this) Ð so the RouteBuilder object knows which CamelContext object it is associated with Ð and then invokes builder.configure(). The body of configure() invokes methods such as from(), filter(), choice(), when(), isEqualTo(), otherwise() and to(). The RouteBuilder.from(String uri) method invokes getEndpoint(uri) on the CamelContext associated with the RouteBuilder object to get the specified Endpoint and then puts a FromBuilder "wrapper" around this Endpoint. The FromBuilder.filter(Predicate predicate) method creates a FilterProcessor object for the Predicate (that is, condition) object built from the header("foo").isEqualTo("bar") expression. In this way, these operations incrementally build up a Route object (with a RouteBuilder wrapper around it) and add it to the CamelContext object associated with the RouteBuilder. Critique of Java DSL The online Camel documentation compares Java DSL favourably against the alternative of configuring routes and endpoints in a XML-based Spring configuration file. In particular, Java DSL is less verbose than its XML counterpart. In addition, many integrated development environments (IDEs) provide an auto-completion feature in their editors. This auto-completion feature works with Java DSL, thereby making it easier for developers to write Java DSL. However, there is another option that the Camel documentation neglects to consider: that of writing a parser that can process DSL stored in, say, an external file. Currently, Camel does not provide such a DSL parser, and I do not know if it is on the "to do" list of the Camel CHAPTER 3 - GETTING STARTED WITH APACHE CAMEL 15
maintainers. I think that a DSL parser would offer a significant benefit over the current Java DSL. In particular, the DSL would have a syntactic definition that could be expressed in a relatively short BNF form. The effort required by a Camel user to learn how to use DSL by reading this BNF would almost certainly be significantly less than the effort currently required to study the API of the RouterBuilder classes. Continue Learning about Camel Return to the main Getting Started page for additional introductory reference information. 16 CHAPTER 3 - GETTING STARTED WITH APACHE CAMEL
CHAPTER 4 °°°° Architecture Camel uses a Java based Routing Domain Specific Language (DSL) or an Xml Configuration to configure routing and mediation rules which are added to a CamelContext to implement the various Enterprise Integration Patterns. At a high level Camel consists of a CamelContext which contains a collection of Component instances. A Component is essentially a factory of Endpoint instances. You can explicitly configure Component instances in Java code or an IoC container like Spring or Guice, or they can be auto-discovered using URIs. An Endpoint acts rather like a URI or URL in a web application or a Destination in a JMS system; you can communicate with an endpoint; either sending messages to it or consuming messages from it. You can then create a Producer or Consumer on an Endpoint to exchange messages with it. The DSL makes heavy use of pluggable Languages to create an Expression or Predicate to make a truly powerful DSL which is extensible to the most suitable language depending on your needs. The following languages are supported • Bean Language for using Java for expressions • Constant • the unified EL from JSP and JSF • Header • JXPath • Mvel • OGNL • Ref Language • Property • Scripting Languages such as ◦ BeanShell ◦ JavaScript ◦ Groovy ◦ Python ◦ PHP ◦ Ruby • Simple ◦ File Language • Spring Expression Language • SQL CHAPTER 4 - ARCHITECTURE 17
• Tokenizer • XPath • XQuery • VTD-XML Most of these languages is also supported used as Annotation Based Expression Language. For a full details of the individual languages see the Language Appendix URIS Camel makes extensive use of URIs to allow you to refer to endpoints which are lazily created by a Component if you refer to them within Routes. Current Supported URIs Component / ArtifactId / URI Description AHC / camel-ahc ahc:hostname:[port] To call external HTTP services using Async Http Client AMQP / camel-amqp amqp:[topic:]destinationName For Messaging with AMQP protocol APNS / camel-apns apns:notify[?options] For sending notifications to Apple iOS devices Atom / camel-atom atom:uri Working with Apache Abdera for atom integration, such as consuming an atom feed. Avro / camel-avro avro:http://hostname[:port][?options] Working with Apache Avro for data serialization. 18 CHAPTER 4 - ARCHITECTURE
important Make sure to read How do I configure endpoints to learn more about configuring endpoints. For example how to refer to beans in the Registry or how to use raw values for password options, and using property placeholders etc. AWS-CW / camel-aws aws-cw://namespace[?options] For working with Amazon's CloudWatch (CW). AWS-DDB / camel-aws aws-ddb://tableName[?options] For working with Amazon's DynamoDB (DDB). AWS-SDB / camel-aws aws-sdb://domainName[?options] For working with Amazon's SimpleDB (SDB). AWS-SES / camel-aws aws-ses://from[?options] For working with Amazon's Simple Email Service (SES). AWS-SNS / camel-aws aws-sns://topicname[?options] For Messaging with Amazon's Simple Notification Service (SNS). AWS-SQS / camel-aws aws-sqs://queuename[?options] For Messaging with Amazon's Simple Queue Service (SQS). AWS-S3 / camel-aws aws-s3://bucketname[?options] For working with Amazon's Simple Storage Service (S3). CHAPTER 4 - ARCHITECTURE 19
Bean / camel-core bean:beanName[?method=someMethod] Uses the Bean Binding to bind message exchanges to beans in the Registry. Is also used for exposing and invoking POJO (Plain Old Java Objects). Bean Validation / camel-bean-validator bean-validator:something Validates the payload of a message using the Java Validation API (JSR 303 and JAXP Validation) and its reference implementation Hibernate Validator Browse / camel-core browse:someName Provides a simple BrowsableEndpoint which can be useful for testing, visualisation tools or debugging. The exchanges sent to the endpoint are all available to be browsed. Cache / camel-cache cache://cachename[?options] The cache component facilitates creation of caching endpoints and processors using EHCache as the cache implementation. Class / camel-core class:className[?method=someMethod] Uses the Bean Binding to bind message exchanges to beans in the Registry. Is also used for exposing and invoking POJO (Plain Old Java Objects). CMIS / camel-cmis cmis://cmisServerUrl[?options] Uses the Apache Chemistry client API to interface with CMIS supporting CMS Cometd / camel-cometd cometd://host:port/channelname Used to deliver messages using the jetty cometd implementation of the bayeux protocol 20 CHAPTER 4 - ARCHITECTURE
Context / camel-context context:camelContextId:localEndpointName Used to refer to endpoints within a separate CamelContext to provide a simple black box composition approach so that routes can be combined into a CamelContext and then used as a black box component inside other routes in other CamelContexts ControlBus / camel-core controlbus:command[?options] ControlBus EIP that allows to send messages to Endpoints for managing and monitoring your Camel applications. CouchDB / camel-couchdb couchdb:http://hostname[:port]/database[?options] To integrate with Apache CouchDB. Crypto (Digital Signatures) / camel-crypto crypto:sign:name[?options] crypto:verify:name[?options] Used to sign and verify exchanges using the Signature Service of the Java Cryptographic Extension. CXF / camel-cxf cxf:address[?serviceClass=...] Working with Apache CXF for web services integration CXF Bean / camel-cxf cxf:bean name Proceess the exchange using a JAX WS or JAX RS annotated bean from the registry. Requires less configuration than the above CXF Component CXFRS / camel-cxf cxfrs:address[?resourcesClasses=...] Working with Apache CXF for REST services integration CHAPTER 4 - ARCHITECTURE 21
DataSet / camel-core dataset:name For load & soak testing the DataSet provides a way to create huge numbers of messages for sending to Components or asserting that they are consumed correctly Direct / camel-core direct:name Synchronous call to another endpoint from same CamelContext. Direct-VM / camel-core direct-vm:name Synchronous call to another endpoint in another CamelContext running in the same JVM. DNS / camel-dns dns:operation To lookup domain information and run DNS queries using DNSJava EJB / camel-ejb ejb:ejbName[?method=someMethod] Uses the Bean Binding to bind message exchanges to EJBs. It works like the Bean component but just for accessing EJBs. Supports EJB 3.0 onwards. ElasticSearch / camel-elasticsearch elasticsearch://clusterName For interfacing with an ElasticSearch server. Event / camel-spring event://default spring-event://default Working with Spring ApplicationEvents EventAdmin / camel-eventadmin eventadmin:topic Receiving OSGi EventAdmin events 22 CHAPTER 4 - ARCHITECTURE
Exec / camel-exec exec://executable[?options] For executing system commands File / camel-core file://nameOfFileOrDirectory Sending messages to a file or polling a file or directory. Flatpack / camel-flatpack flatpack:[fixed|delim]:configFile Processing fixed width or delimited files or messages using the FlatPack library FOP / camel-fop fop:outputFormat Renders the message into different output formats using Apache FOP FreeMarker / camel-freemarker freemarker:someTemplateResource Generates a response using a FreeMarker template FTP / camel-ftp ftp://host[:port]/fileName Sending and receiving files over FTP. FTPS / camel-ftp ftps://host[:port]/fileName Sending and receiving files over FTP Secure (TLS and SSL). GAuth / camel-gae gauth://name[?options] Used by web applications to implement an OAuth consumer. See also Camel Components for Google App Engine. GHttp / camel-gae ghttp://hostname[:port][/path][?options] ghttp:///path[?options] Provides connectivity to the URL fetch service of Google App Engine but can also be used to receive messages from servlets. See also Camel Components for Google App Engine. CHAPTER 4 - ARCHITECTURE 23
GLogin / camel-gae glogin://hostname[:port][?options] Used by Camel applications outside Google App Engine (GAE) for programmatic login to GAE applications. See also Camel Components for Google App Engine. GTask / camel-gae gtask://queue-name Supports asynchronous message processing on Google App Engine by using the task queueing service as message queue. See also Camel Components for Google App Engine. GMail / camel-gae gmail://firstname.lastname@example.com[?options] gmail://email@example.com[?options] Supports sending of emails via the mail service of Google App Engine. See also Camel Components for Google App Engine. Google Guava EventBus / camel-guava-eventbus guava-eventbus:busName[?eventClass=className] The Google Guava EventBus allows publish-subscribe-style communication between components without requiring the components to explicitly register with one another (and thus be aware of each other). This component provides integration bridge between Camel and Google Guava EventBus infrastructure. Hazelcast / camel-hazelcast hazelcast://[type]:cachename[?options] Hazelcast is a data grid entirely implemented in Java (single jar). This component supports map, multimap, seda, queue, set, atomic number and simple cluster support. HBase / camel-hbase hbase://table[?options] For reading/writing from/to an HBase store (Hadoop database) 24 CHAPTER 4 - ARCHITECTURE
HDFS / camel-hdfs hdfs://path[?options] For reading/writing from/to an HDFS filesystem HL7 / camel-hl7 mina:tcp://hostname[:port] For working with the HL7 MLLP protocol and the HL7 model using the HAPI library HTTP / camel-http http://hostname[:port] For calling out to external HTTP servers using Apache HTTP Client 3.x HTTP4 / camel-http4 http4://hostname[:port] For calling out to external HTTP servers using Apache HTTP Client 4.x iBATIS / camel-ibatis ibatis://statementName Performs a query, poll, insert, update or delete in a relational database using Apache iBATIS IMAP / camel-mail imap://hostname[:port] Receiving email using IMAP IRC / camel-irc irc:host[:port]/#room For IRC communication JavaSpace / camel-javaspace javaspace:jini://host?spaceName=mySpace?... Sending and receiving messages through JavaSpace JBI / servicemix-camel jbi:serviceName For JBI integration such as working with Apache ServiceMix CHAPTER 4 - ARCHITECTURE 25
jclouds / jclouds jclouds:[blobstore|computservice]:provider For interacting with cloud compute & blobstore service via jclouds JCR / camel-jcr jcr://user:password@repository/path/to/node Storing a message in a JCR compliant repository like Apache Jackrabbit JDBC / camel-jdbc jdbc:dataSourceName?options For performing JDBC queries and operations Jetty / camel-jetty jetty:url For exposing services over HTTP JMS / camel-jms jms:[topic:]destinationName Working with JMS providers JMX / camel-jmx jmx://platform?options For working with JMX notification listeners JPA / camel-jpa jpa://entityName For using a database as a queue via the JPA specification for working with OpenJPA, Hibernate or TopLink Jsch / camel-jsch scp://localhost/destination Support for the scp protocol JT/400 / camel-jt400 jt400://user:pwd@system/<path_to_dtaq> For integrating with data queues on an AS/400 (aka System i, IBM i, i5, ...) system 26 CHAPTER 4 - ARCHITECTURE
Kestrel / camel-kestrel kestrel://[addresslist/]queuename[?options] For producing to or consuming from Kestrel queues Krati / camel-krati krati://[path to datastore/][?options] For producing to or consuming to Krati datastores Language / camel-core language://languageName[:script][?options] Executes Languages scripts LDAP / camel-ldap ldap:host[:port]?base=...[&scope=<scope>] Performing searches on LDAP servers (<scope> must be one of object|onelevel|subtree) Log / camel-core log:loggingCategory[?level=ERROR] Uses Jakarta Commons Logging to log the message exchange to some underlying logging system like log4j Lucene / camel-lucene lucene:searcherName:insert[?analyzer=<analyzer>] lucene:searcherName:query[?analyzer=<analyzer>] Uses Apache Lucene to perform Java-based indexing and full text based searches using advanced analysis/tokenization capabilities Mail / camel-mail mail://user-info@host:port Sending and receiving email MINA / camel-mina [tcp|udp|vm]:host[:port] Working with Apache MINA Mock / camel-core mock:name For testing routes and mediation rules using mocks CHAPTER 4 - ARCHITECTURE 27
MongoDB / camel-mongodb mongodb:connection?options Interacts with MongoDB databases and collections. Offers producer endpoints to perform CRUD-style operations and more against databases and collections, as well as consumer endpoints to listen on collections and dispatch objects to Camel routes MQTT / camel-mqtt mqtt:name Component for communicating with MQTT M2M message brokers MSV / camel-msv msv:someLocalOrRemoteResource Validates the payload of a message using the MSV Library MyBatis / camel-mybatis mybatis://statementName Performs a query, poll, insert, update or delete in a relational database using MyBatis Nagios / camel-nagios nagios://host[:port]?options Sending passive checks to Nagios using JSendNSCA Netty / camel-netty netty:tcp//host[:port]?options netty:udp//host[:port]?options Working with TCP and UDP protocols using Java NIO based capabilities offered by the JBoss Netty community project Pax-Logging / camel-paxlogging paxlogging:appender Receiving Pax-Logging events in OSGi POP / camel-mail pop3://user-info@host:port Receiving email using POP3 and JavaMail 28 CHAPTER 4 - ARCHITECTURE
Printer / camel-printer lpr://host:port/path/to/printer[?options] The printer component facilitates creation of printer endpoints to local, remote and wireless printers. The endpoints provide the ability to print camel directed payloads when utilized on camel routes. Properties / camel-core properties://key[?options] The properties component facilitates using property placeholders directly in endpoint uri definitions. Quartz / camel-quartz quartz://groupName/timerName Provides a scheduled delivery of messages using the Quartz scheduler Quickfix / camel-quickfix quickfix-server:config file quickfix-client:config-file Implementation of the QuickFix for Java engine which allow to send/receive FIX messages Ref / camel-core ref:name Component for lookup of existing endpoints bound in the Registry. Restlet / camel-restlet restlet:restletUrl[?options] Component for consuming and producing Restful resources using Restlet RMI / camel-rmi rmi://host[:port] Working with RMI RNC / camel-jing rnc:/relativeOrAbsoluteUri Validates the payload of a message using RelaxNG Compact Syntax CHAPTER 4 - ARCHITECTURE 29
RNG / camel-jing rng:/relativeOrAbsoluteUri Validates the payload of a message using RelaxNG Routebox / camel-routebox routebox:routeboxName[?options] Facilitates the creation of specialized endpoints that offer encapsulation and a strategy/map based indirection service to a collection of camel routes hosted in an automatically created or user injected camel context RSS / camel-rss rss:uri Working with ROME for RSS integration, such as consuming an RSS feed. SEDA / camel-core seda:name Asynchronous call to another endpoint in the same Camel Context SERVLET / camel-servlet servlet:uri For exposing services over HTTP through the servlet which is deployed into the Web container. SFTP / camel-ftp sftp://host[:port]/fileName Sending and receiving files over SFTP (FTP over SSH). Sip / camel-sip sip://user@host[:port]?[options] sips://user@host[:port]?[options] Publish/Subscribe communication capability using the Telecom SIP protocol. RFC3903 - Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Extension for Event SJMS / camel-sjms sjms:[topic:]destinationName?[options] A ground up implementation of a JMS client 30 CHAPTER 4 - ARCHITECTURE
SMTP / camel-mail smtp://user-info@host[:port] Sending email using SMTP and JavaMail SMPP / camel-smpp smpp://user-info@host[:port]?options To send and receive SMS using Short Messaging Service Center using the JSMPP library SNMP / camel-snmp snmp://host[:port]?options Polling OID values and receiving traps using SNMP via SNMP4J library Solr / camel-solr solr://host[:port]/solr?[options] Uses the Solrj client API to interface with an Apache Lucene Solr server SpringBatch / camel-spring-batch spring-batch:job[?options] To bridge Camel and Spring Batch SpringIntegration / camel-spring-integration spring-integration:defaultChannelName The bridge component of Camel and Spring Integration Spring LDAP / camel-spring-ldap spring-ldap:spring-ldap-template-bean?options Camel wrapper for Spring LDAP Spring Redis / camel-spring-redis spring-redis:restletUrl[?options] Component for consuming and producing from Redis key-value store Redis Spring Web Services / camel-spring-ws spring-ws:[mapping-type:]address[?options] Client-side support for accessing web services, and server-side support for creating your own contract-first web services using Spring Web Services CHAPTER 4 - ARCHITECTURE 31
SQL / camel-sql sql:select * from table where id=# Performing SQL queries using JDBC SSH component / camel-ssh ssh:[username[:password]@]host[:port][?options] For sending commands to a SSH server StAX / camel-stax stax:contentHandlerClassName Process messages through a SAX ContentHandler. Stream / camel-stream stream:[in|out|err|file] Read or write to an input/output/ error/file stream rather like unix pipes StringTemplate / camel-stringtemplate string-template:someTemplateResource Generates a response using a String Template Stub / camel-core stub:someOtherCamelUri Allows you to stub out some physical middleware endpoint for easier testing or debugging TCP / camel-mina mina:tcp://host:port Working with TCP protocols using Apache MINA Test / camel-spring test:expectedMessagesEndpointUri Creates a Mock endpoint which expects to receive all the message bodies that could be polled from the given underlying endpoint Timer / camel-core timer://name A timer endpoint 32 CHAPTER 4 - ARCHITECTURE
Twitter / camel-twitter twitter://[endpoint]?[options] A twitter endpoint UDP / camel-mina mina:udp://host:port Working with UDP protocols using Apache MINA Validation / camel-core (camel-spring for Camel 2.8 or older) validation:someLocalOrRemoteResource Validates the payload of a message using XML Schema and JAXP Validation Velocity / camel-velocity velocity:someTemplateResource Generates a response using an Apache Velocity template VM / camel-core vm:name Asynchronous call to another endpoint in the same JVM Websocket / camel-websocket websocket://host:port/path Communicating with Websocket clients XMPP / camel-xmpp xmpp://host:port/room Working with XMPP and Jabber XQuery / camel-saxon xquery:someXQueryResource Generates a response using an XQuery template XSLT / camel-core (camel-spring for Camel 2.8 or older) xslt:someTemplateResource Generates a response using an XSLT template CHAPTER 4 - ARCHITECTURE 33
Zookeeper / camel-zookeeper zookeeper://host:port/path Working with ZooKeeper cluster(s) URI's for external components Other projects and companies have also created Camel components to integrate additional functionality into Camel. These components may be provided under licenses that are not compatible with the Apache License, use libraries that are not compatible, etc... These components are not supported by the Camel team, but we provide links here to help users find the additional functionality. Component / ArtifactId / URI License Description ActiveMQ / activemq-camel activemq:[topic:]destinationName Apache For JMS Messaging with Apache ActiveMQ ActiveMQ Journal / activemq-core activemq.journal:directory-on-filesystem Apache Uses ActiveMQ's fast disk journaling implementation to store message bodies in a rolling log file Activiti / activiti-camel activiti:camelProcess:serviceTask Apache For working with Activiti, a light-weight workflow and Business Process Management (BPM) platform which supports BPMN 2 Db4o / camel-db4o in camel-extra db4o://className GPL For using a db4o datastore as a queue via the db4o library 34 CHAPTER 4 - ARCHITECTURE
Esper / camel-esper in camel-extra esper:name GPL Working with the Esper Library for Event Stream Processing Hibernate / camel-hibernate in camel-extra hibernate://entityName GPL For using a database as a queue via the Hibernate library JGroups / camel-jgroups in camel-extra jgroups://clusterName LGPL The jgroups: component provides exchange of messages between Camel infrastructure and JGroups clusters. NMR / servicemix-nmr nmr://serviceName Apache Integration with the Normalized Message Router BUS in ServiceMix 4.x Scalate / scalate-camel scalate:templateName Apache Uses the given Scalate template to transform the message Smooks / camel-smooks in camel-extra. unmarshal(edi) GPL For working with EDI parsing using the Smooks library. This component is deprecated as Smooks now provides Camel integration out of the box CHAPTER 4 - ARCHITECTURE 35
Spring Neo4j / camel-spring-neo4j in camel-extra spring-neo4j:http://hostname[:port]/database[?options] to bee clarified Component for producing to Neo4j datastore using the Spring Data Neo4j library ZeroMQ / camel-zeromq in camel-extra. zeromq:(tcp|ipc)://hostname:port LGPL The ZeroMQ component allows you to consumer or produce messages using ZeroMQ. For a full details of the individual components see the Component Appendix 36 CHAPTER 4 - ARCHITECTURE
CHAPTER 5 °°°° Enterprise Integration Patterns Camel supports most of the Enterprise Integration Patterns from the excellent book of the same name by Gregor Hohpe and Bobby Woolf. Its a highly recommended book, particularly for users of Camel. PATTERN INDEX There now follows a list of the Enterprise Integration Patterns from the book along with examples of the various patterns using Apache Camel Messaging Systems Message Channel How does one application communicate with another using messaging? Message How can two applications connected by a message channel exchange a piece of information? Pipes and Filters How can we perform complex processing on a message while maintaining independence and flexibility? Message Router How can you decouple individual processing steps so that messages can be passed to different filters depending on a set of conditions? Message Translator How can systems using different data formats communicate with each other using messaging? Message Endpoint How does an application connect to a messaging channel to send and receive messages? CHAPTER 5 - ENTERPRISE INTEGRATION PATTERNS 37
Messaging Channels Point to Point Channel How can the caller be sure that exactly one receiver will receive the document or perform the call? Publish Subscribe Channel How can the sender broadcast an event to all interested receivers? Dead Letter Channel What will the messaging system do with a message it cannot deliver? Guaranteed Delivery How can the sender make sure that a message will be delivered, even if the messaging system fails? Message Bus What is an architecture that enables separate applications to work together, but in a de-coupled fashion such that applications can be easily added or removed without affecting the others? Message Construction Event Message How can messaging be used to transmit events from one application to another? Request Reply When an application sends a message, how can it get a response from the receiver? Correlation Identifier How does a requestor that has received a reply know which request this is the reply for? Return Address How does a replier know where to send the reply? Message Routing Content Based Router How do we handle a situation where the implementation of a single logical function (e.g., inventory check) is spread across multiple physical systems? Message Filter How can a component avoid receiving uninteresting messages? Dynamic Router How can you avoid the dependency of the router on all possible destinations while maintaining its efficiency? 38 CHAPTER 5 - ENTERPRISE INTEGRATION PATTERNS
Recipient List How do we route a message to a list of (static or dynamically) specified recipients? Splitter How can we process a message if it contains multiple elements, each of which may have to be processed in a different way? Aggregator How do we combine the results of individual, but related messages so that they can be processed as a whole? Resequencer How can we get a stream of related but out-of-sequence messages back into the correct order? Composed Message Processor How can you maintain the overall message flow when processing a message consisting of multiple elements, each of which may require different processing? Scatter- Gather How do you maintain the overall message flow when a message needs to be sent to multiple recipients, each of which may send a reply? Routing Slip How do we route a message consecutively through a series of processing steps when the sequence of steps is not known at design-time and may vary for each message? Throttler How can I throttle messages to ensure that a specific endpoint does not get overloaded, or we don't exceed an agreed SLA with some external service? Sampling How can I sample one message out of many in a given period to avoid downstream route does not get overloaded? Delayer How can I delay the sending of a message? Load Balancer How can I balance load across a number of endpoints? Multicast How can I route a message to a number of endpoints at the same time? Loop How can I repeat processing a message in a loop? Message Transformation Content Enricher How do we communicate with another system if the message originator does not have all the required data items available? CHAPTER 5 - ENTERPRISE INTEGRATION PATTERNS 39
Content Filter How do you simplify dealing with a large message, when you are interested only in a few data items? Claim Check How can we reduce the data volume of message sent across the system without sacrificing information content? Normalizer How do you process messages that are semantically equivalent, but arrive in a different format? Sort How can I sort the body of a message? Validate How can I validate a message? Messaging Endpoints Messaging Mapper How do you move data between domain objects and the messaging infrastructure while keeping the two independent of each other? Event Driven Consumer How can an application automatically consume messages as they become available? Polling Consumer How can an application consume a message when the application is ready? Competing Consumers How can a messaging client process multiple messages concurrently? Message Dispatcher How can multiple consumers on a single channel coordinate their message processing? Selective Consumer How can a message consumer select which messages it wishes to receive? Durable Subscriber How can a subscriber avoid missing messages while it's not listening for them? Idempotent Consumer How can a message receiver deal with duplicate messages? Transactional Client How can a client control its transactions with the messaging system? Messaging Gateway How do you encapsulate access to the messaging system from the rest of the application? 40 CHAPTER 5 - ENTERPRISE INTEGRATION PATTERNS
Service Activator How can an application design a service to be invoked both via various messaging technologies and via non-messaging techniques? System Management ControlBus How can we effectively administer a messaging system that is distributed across multiple platforms and a wide geographic area? Detour How can you route a message through intermediate steps to perform validation, testing or debugging functions? Wire Tap How do you inspect messages that travel on a point-to-point channel? Message History How can we effectively analyze and debug the flow of messages in a loosely coupled system? Log How can I log processing a message? For a full breakdown of each pattern see the Book Pattern Appendix CHAPTER 5 - ENTERPRISE INTEGRATION PATTERNS 41
CookBook This document describes various recipes for working with Camel • Bean Integration describes how to work with beans and Camel in a loosely coupled way so that your beans do not have to depend on any Camel APIs ◦ Annotation Based Expression Language binds expressions to method parameters ◦ Bean Binding defines which methods are invoked and how the Message is converted into the parameters of the method when it is invoked ◦ Bean Injection for injecting Camel related resources into your POJOs ◦ Parameter Binding Annotations for extracting various headers, properties or payloads from a Message ◦ POJO Consuming for consuming and possibly routing messages from Camel ◦ POJO Producing for producing camel messages from your POJOs ◦ RecipientList Annotation for creating a Recipient List from a POJO method ◦ Using Exchange Pattern Annotations describes how pattern annotations can be used to change the behaviour of method invocations • Hiding Middleware describes how to avoid your business logic being coupled to any particular middleware APIs allowing you to easily switch from in JVM SEDA to JMS, ActiveMQ, Hibernate, JPA, JDBC, iBATIS or JavaSpace etc. • Visualisation describes how to visualise your Enterprise Integration Patterns to help you understand your routing rules • Business Activity Monitoring (BAM) for monitoring business processes across systems • Extract Transform Load (ETL) to load data into systems or databases • Testing for testing distributed and asynchronous systems using a messaging approach ◦ Camel Test for creating test cases using a single Java class for all your configuration and routing ◦ Spring Testing uses Spring Test together with either XML or Java Config to dependency inject your test classes ◦ Guice uses Guice to dependency inject your test classes • Templating is a great way to create service stubs to be able to test your system without some back end system. • Database for working with databases • Parallel Processing and Ordering on how using parallel processing and SEDA or JMS based load balancing can be achieved. • Asynchronous Processing in Camel Routes. • Implementing Virtual Topics on other JMS providers shows how to get the effect of Virtual Topics and avoid issues with JMS durable topics • Camel Transport for CXF describes how to put the Camel context into the CXF transport layer. 42 COOKBOOK
• Fine Grained Control Over a Channel describes how to deliver a sequence of messages over a single channel and then stopping any more messages being sent over that channel. Typically used for sending data over a socket and then closing the socket. • EventNotifier to log details about all sent Exchanges shows how to let Camels EventNotifier log all sent to endpoint events and how long time it took. • Loading routes from XML files into an existing CamelContext. • Using MDC logging with Camel • Running Camel standalone and have it keep running shows how to keep Camel running when you run it standalone. • Hazelcast Idempotent Repository Tutorial shows how to avoid to consume duplicated messages in a clustered environment. • How to use Camel as a HTTP proxy between a client and server shows how to use Camel as a HTTP adapter/proxy between a client and HTTP service. BEAN INTEGRATION Camel supports the integration of beans and POJOs in a number of ways Annotations If a bean is defined in Spring XML or scanned using the Spring component scanning mechanism and a <camelContext> is used or a CamelBeanPostProcessor then we process a number of Camel annotations to do various things such as injecting resources or producing, consuming or routing messages. • POJO Consuming to consume and possibly route messages from Camel • POJO Producing to make it easy to produce camel messages from your POJOs • DynamicRouter Annotation for creating a Dynamic Router from a POJO method • RecipientList Annotation for creating a Recipient List from a POJO method • RoutingSlip Annotation for creating a Routing Slip for a POJO method • Bean Injection to inject Camel related resources into your POJOs • Using Exchange Pattern Annotations describes how the pattern annotations can be used to change the behaviour of method invocations with Spring Remoting or POJO Producing Bean Component The Bean component allows one to invoke a particular method. Alternately the Bean component supports the creation of a proxy via ProxyHelper to a Java interface; which the implementation just sends a message containing a BeanInvocation to some Camel endpoint. COOKBOOK 43
Example See the POJO Messaging Example for how to use the annotations for routing and messaging. Spring Remoting We support a Spring Remoting provider which uses Camel as the underlying transport mechanism. The nice thing about this approach is we can use any of the Camel transport Components to communicate between beans. It also means we can use Content Based Router and the other Enterprise Integration Patterns in between the beans; in particular we can use Message Translator to be able to convert what the on-the-wire messages look like in addition to adding various headers and so forth. Annotation Based Expression Language You can also use any of the Languages supported in Camel to bind expressions to method parameters when using Bean Integration. For example you can use any of these annotations: Annotation Description @Bean Inject a Bean expression @BeanShell Inject a BeanShell expression @Constant Inject a Constant expression @EL Inject an EL expression @Groovy Inject a Groovy expression @Header Inject a Header expression @JavaScript Inject a JavaScript expression @MVEL Inject a Mvel expression @OGNL Inject an OGNL expression @PHP Inject a PHP expression @Python Inject a Python expression @Ruby Inject a Ruby expression @Simple Inject an Simple expression @XPath Inject an XPath expression @XQuery Inject an XQuery expression 44 COOKBOOK
Bean binding Whenever Camel invokes a bean method via one of the above methods (Bean component, Spring Remoting or POJO Consuming) then the Bean Binding mechanism is used to figure out what method to use (if it is not explicit) and how to bind the Message to the parameters possibly using the Parameter Binding Annotations or using a method name option. Example: public class Foo { @MessageDriven(uri = "activemq:my.queue") public void doSomething(@XPath("/foo/bar/text()") String correlationID, @Body String body) { // process the inbound message here } } Advanced example using @Bean And an example of using the the @Bean binding annotation, where you can use a Pojo where you can do whatever java code you like: public class Foo { @MessageDriven(uri = "activemq:my.queue") public void doSomething(@Bean("myCorrelationIdGenerator") String correlationID, @Body String body) { // process the inbound message here } } And then we can have a spring bean with the id myCorrelationIdGenerator where we can compute the id. public class MyIdGenerator { private UserManager userManager; public String generate(@Header(name = "user") String user, @Body String payload) throws Exception { User user = userManager.lookupUser(user); String userId = user.getPrimaryId(); COOKBOOK 45
String id = userId + generateHashCodeForPayload(payload); return id; } } The Pojo MyIdGenerator has one public method that accepts two parameters. However we have also annotated this one with the @Header and @Body annotation to help Camel know what to bind here from the Message from the Exchange being processed. Of course this could be simplified a lot if you for instance just have a simple id generator. But we wanted to demonstrate that you can use the Bean Binding annotations anywhere. public class MySimpleIdGenerator { public static int generate() { // generate a unique id return 123; } } And finally we just need to remember to have our bean registered in the Spring Registry: <bean id="myCorrelationIdGenerator" class="com.mycompany.MySimpleIdGenerator"/> Example using Groovy In this example we have an Exchange that has a User object stored in the in header. This User object has methods to get some user information. We want to use Groovy to inject an expression that extracts and concats the fullname of the user into the fullName parameter. public void doSomething(@Groovy("$request.header['user'].firstName $request.header['user'].familyName) String fullName, @Body String body) { // process the inbound message here } Groovy supports GStrings that is like a template where we can insert $ placeholders that will be evaluated by Groovy. BEAN BINDING Bean Binding in Camel defines both which methods are invoked and also how the Message is converted into the parameters of the method when it is invoked. 46 COOKBOOK
Choosing the method to invoke The binding of a Camel Message to a bean method call can occur in different ways, in the following order of importance: • if the message contains the header CamelBeanMethodName then that method is invoked, converting the body to the type of the method's argument. ◦ From Camel 2.8 onwards you can qualify parameter types to select exactly which method to use among overloads with the same name (see below for more details). ◦ From Camel 2.9 onwards you can specify parameter values directly in the method option (see below for more details). • you can explicitly specify the method name in the DSL or when using POJO Consuming or POJO Producing • if the bean has a method marked with the @Handler annotation, then that method is selected • if the bean can be converted to a Processor using the Type Converter mechanism, then this is used to process the message. The ActiveMQ component uses this mechanism to allow any JMS MessageListener to be invoked directly by Camel without having to write any integration glue code. You can use the same mechanism to integrate Camel into any other messaging/remoting frameworks. • if the body of the message can be converted to a BeanInvocation (the default payload used by the ProxyHelper) component - then that is used to invoke the method and pass its arguments • otherwise the type of the body is used to find a matching method; an error is thrown if a single method cannot be chosen unambiguously. • you can also use Exchange as the parameter itself, but then the return type must be void. • if the bean class is private (or package-private), interface methods will be preferred (from Camel 2.9 onwards) since Camel can't invoke class methods on such beans In cases where Camel cannot choose a method to invoke, an AmbiguousMethodCallException is thrown. By default the return value is set on the outbound message body. Parameter binding When a method has been chosen for invokation, Camel will bind to the parameters of the method. The following Camel-specific types are automatically bound: ▪ org.apache.camel.Exchange ▪ org.apache.camel.Message ▪ org.apache.camel.CamelContext ▪ org.apache.camel.TypeConverter ▪ org.apache.camel.spi.Registry COOKBOOK 47
▪ java.lang.Exception So, if you declare any of these types, they will be provided by Camel. Note that Exception will bind to the caught exception of the Exchange - so it's often usable if you employ a Pojo to handle, e.g., an onException route. What is most interesting is that Camel will also try to bind the body of the Exchange to the first parameter of the method signature (albeit not of any of the types above). So if, for instance, we declare a parameter as String body, then Camel will bind the IN body to this type. Camel will also automatically convert to the type declared in the method signature. Let's review some examples: Below is a simple method with a body binding. Camel will bind the IN body to the body parameter and convert it to a String. public String doSomething(String body) In the following sample we got one of the automatically-bound types as well - for instance, a Registry that we can use to lookup beans. public String doSomething(String body, Registry registry) We can use Exchange as well: public String doSomething(String body, Exchange exchange) You can also have multiple types: public String doSomething(String body, Exchange exchange, TypeConverter converter) And imagine you use a Pojo to handle a given custom exception InvalidOrderException - we can then bind that as well: public String badOrder(String body, InvalidOrderException invalid) Notice that we can bind to it even if we use a sub type of java.lang.Exception as Camel still knows it's an exception and can bind the cause (if any exists). So what about headers and other stuff? Well now it gets a bit tricky - so we can use annotations to help us, or specify the binding in the method name option. See the following sections for more detail. Binding Annotations You can use the Parameter Binding Annotations to customize how parameter values are created from the Message 48 COOKBOOK
Examples For example, a Bean such as: public class Bar { public String doSomething(String body) { // process the in body and return whatever you want return "Bye World"; } Or the Exchange example. Notice that the return type must be void when there is only a single parameter of the type org.apache.camel.Exchange: public class Bar { public void doSomething(Exchange exchange) { // process the exchange exchange.getIn().setBody("Bye World"); } @Handler You can mark a method in your bean with the @Handler annotation to indicate that this method should be used for Bean Binding. This has an advantage as you need not specify a method name in the Camel route, and therefore do not run into problems after renaming the method in an IDE that can't find all its references. public class Bar { @Handler public String doSomething(String body) { // process the in body and return whatever you want return "Bye World"; } Parameter binding using method option Available as of Camel 2.9 Camel uses the following rules to determine if it's a parameter value in the method option ▪ The value is either true or false which denotes a boolean value ▪ The value is a numeric value such as 123 or 7 ▪ The value is a String enclosed with either single or double quotes ▪ The value is null which denotes a null value COOKBOOK 49
▪ It can be evaluated using the Simple language, which means you can use, e.g., body, header.foo and other Simple tokens. Notice the tokens must be enclosed with ${ }. Any other value is consider to be a type declaration instead - see the next section about specifying types for overloaded methods. When invoking a Bean you can instruct Camel to invoke a specific method by providing the method name: .bean(OrderService.class, "doSomething") Here we tell Camel to invoke the doSomething method - Camel handles the parameters' binding. Now suppose the method has 2 parameters, and the 2nd parameter is a boolean where we want to pass in a true value: public void doSomething(String payload, boolean highPriority) { ... } This is now possible in Camel 2.9 onwards: .bean(OrderService.class, "doSomething(*, true)") In the example above, we defined the first parameter using the wild card symbol *, which tells Camel to bind this parameter to any type, and let Camel figure this out. The 2nd parameter has a fixed value of true. Instead of the wildcard symbol we can instruct Camel to use the message body as shown: .bean(OrderService.class, "doSomething(${body}, true)") The syntax of the parameters is using the Simple expression language so we have to use ${ } placeholders in the body to refer to the message body. If you want to pass in a null value, then you can explicit define this in the method option as shown below: .to("bean:orderService?method=doSomething(null, true)") Specifying null as a parameter value instructs Camel to force passing a null value. Besides the message body, you can pass in the message headers as a java.util.Map: .bean(OrderService.class, "doSomethingWithHeaders(${body}, ${headers})") You can also pass in other fixed values besides booleans. For example, you can pass in a String and an integer: 50 COOKBOOK
.bean(MyBean.class, "echo('World', 5)") In the example above, we invoke the echo method with two parameters. The first has the content 'World' (without quotes), and the 2nd has the value of 5. Camel will automatically convert these values to the parameters' types. Having the power of the Simple language allows us to bind to message headers and other values such as: .bean(OrderService.class, "doSomething(${body}, ${header.high})") You can also use the OGNL support of the Simple expression language. Now suppose the message body is an object which has a method named asXml. To invoke the asXml method we can do as follows: .bean(OrderService.class, "doSomething(${body.asXml}, ${header.high})") Instead of using .bean as shown in the examples above, you may want to use .to instead as shown: .to("bean:orderService?method=doSomething(${body.asXml}, ${header.high})") Using type qualifiers to select among overloaded methods Available as of Camel 2.8 If you have a Bean with overloaded methods, you can now specify parameter types in the method name so Camel can match the method you intend to use. Given the following bean: Listing 1.Listing 1. MyBeanMyBean public static final class MyBean { public String hello(String name) { return "Hello " + name; } public String hello(String name, @Header("country") String country) { return "Hello " + name + " you are from " + country; } public String times(String name, @Header("times") int times) { StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); for (int i = 0; i < times; i++) { sb.append(name); } COOKBOOK 51
return sb.toString(); } public String times(byte[] data, @Header("times") int times) { String s = new String(data); StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); for (int i = 0; i < times; i++) { sb.append(s); if (i < times - 1) { sb.append(","); } } return sb.toString(); } public String times(String name, int times, char separator) { StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); for (int i = 0; i < times; i++) { sb.append(name); if (i < times - 1) { sb.append(separator); } } return sb.toString(); } } Then the MyBean has 2 overloaded methods with the names hello and times. So if we want to use the method which has 2 parameters we can do as follows in the Camel route: Listing 1.Listing 1. Invoke 2 parameter methodInvoke 2 parameter method from("direct:start") .bean(MyBean.class, "hello(String,String)") .to("mock:result"); We can also use a * as wildcard so we can just say we want to execute the method with 2 parameters we do Listing 1.Listing 1. Invoke 2 parameter method using wildcardInvoke 2 parameter method using wildcard from("direct:start") .bean(MyBean.class, "hello(*,*)") .to("mock:result"); By default Camel will match the type name using the simple name, e.g. any leading package name will be disregarded. However if you want to match using the FQN, then specify the FQN type and Camel will leverage that. So if you have a com.foo.MyOrder and you want to match against the FQN, and not the simple name "MyOrder", then follow this example: 52 COOKBOOK
.bean(OrderService.class, "doSomething(com.foo.MyOrder)") Bean Injection We support the injection of various resources using @EndpointInject. This can be used to inject • Endpoint instances which can be used for testing when used with Mock endpoints; see the Spring Testing for an example. • ProducerTemplate instances for POJO Producing • client side proxies for POJO Producing which is a simple approach to Spring Remoting Parameter Binding Annotations Annotations can be used to define an Expression or to extract various headers, properties or payloads from a Message when invoking a bean method (see Bean Integration for more detail of how to invoke bean methods) together with being useful to help disambiguate which method to invoke. If no annotations are used then Camel assumes that a single parameter is the body of the message. Camel will then use the Type Converter mechanism to convert from the expression value to the actual type of the parameter. The core annotations are as follows Annotation Meaning Parameter @Body To bind to an inbound message body Ê @ExchangeException To bind to an Exception set on the exchange Ê @Header To bind to an inbound message header String name of the header @Headers To bind to the Map of the inbound message headers Ê @OutHeaders To bind to the Map of the outbound message headers Ê @Property To bind to a named property on the exchange String name of the property @Properties To bind to the property map on the exchange Ê COOKBOOK 53
Camel currently only supports either specifying parameter binding or type per parameter in the method name option. You cannot specify both at the same time, such as doSomething(com.foo.MyOrder ${body}, boolean ${header.high}) This may change in the future. camel-core The annotations below are all part of camel-core and thus does not require camel-spring or Spring. These annotations can be used with the Bean component or when invoking beans in the DSL @Handler Not part as a type parameter but stated in this table anyway to spread the good word that we have this annotation in Camel now. See more at Bean Binding. Ê The follow annotations @Headers, @OutHeaders and @Properties binds to the backing java.util.Map so you can alter the content of these maps directly, for instance using the put method to add a new entry. See the OrderService class at Exception Clause for such an example. You can use @Header("myHeader") and @Property("myProperty") to access the backing java.util.Map. Example In this example below we have a @Consume consumer (like message driven) that consumes JMS messages from the activemq queue. We use the @Header and @Body parameter binding annotations to bind from the JMSMessage to the method parameters. public class Foo { @Consume(uri = "activemq:my.queue") public void doSomething(@Header("JMSCorrelationID") String correlationID, @Body String body) { // process the inbound message here } } 54 COOKBOOK
In the above Camel will extract the value of Message.getJMSCorrelationID(), then using the Type Converter to adapt the value to the type of the parameter if required - it will inject the parameter value for the correlationID parameter. Then the payload of the message will be converted to a String and injected into the body parameter. You don't necessarily need to use the @Consume annotation if you don't want to as you could also make use of the Camel DSL to route to the bean's method as well. Using the DSL to invoke the bean method Here is another example which does not use POJO Consuming annotations but instead uses the DSL to route messages to the bean method public class Foo { public void doSomething(@Header("JMSCorrelationID") String correlationID, @Body String body) { // process the inbound message here } } The routing DSL then looks like this from("activemq:someQueue"). to("bean:myBean"); Here myBean would be looked up in the Registry (such as JNDI or the Spring ApplicationContext), then the body of the message would be used to try figure out what method to call. If you want to be explicit you can use from("activemq:someQueue"). to("bean:myBean?methodName=doSomething"); And here we have a nifty example for you to show some great power in Camel. You can mix and match the annotations with the normal parameters, so we can have this example with annotations and the Exchange also: public void doSomething(@Header("user") String user, @Body String body, Exchange exchange) { exchange.getIn().setBody(body + "MyBean"); } COOKBOOK 55
Annotation Based Expression Language You can also use any of the Languages supported in Camel to bind expressions to method parameters when using Bean Integration. For example you can use any of these annotations: Annotation Description @Bean Inject a Bean expression @BeanShell Inject a BeanShell expression @Constant Inject a Constant expression @EL Inject an EL expression @Groovy Inject a Groovy expression @Header Inject a Header expression @JavaScript Inject a JavaScript expression @MVEL Inject a Mvel expression @OGNL Inject an OGNL expression @PHP Inject a PHP expression @Python Inject a Python expression @Ruby Inject a Ruby expression @Simple Inject an Simple expression @XPath Inject an XPath expression @XQuery Inject an XQuery expression Example: public class Foo { @MessageDriven(uri = "activemq:my.queue") public void doSomething(@XPath("/foo/bar/text()") String correlationID, @Body String body) { // process the inbound message here } } 56 COOKBOOK
Advanced example using @Bean And an example of using the the @Bean binding annotation, where you can use a Pojo where you can do whatever java code you like: public class Foo { @MessageDriven(uri = "activemq:my.queue") public void doSomething(@Bean("myCorrelationIdGenerator") String correlationID, @Body String body) { // process the inbound message here } } And then we can have a spring bean with the id myCorrelationIdGenerator where we can compute the id. public class MyIdGenerator { private UserManager userManager; public String generate(@Header(name = "user") String user, @Body String payload) throws Exception { User user = userManager.lookupUser(user); String userId = user.getPrimaryId(); String id = userId + generateHashCodeForPayload(payload); return id; } } The Pojo MyIdGenerator has one public method that accepts two parameters. However we have also annotated this one with the @Header and @Body annotation to help Camel know what to bind here from the Message from the Exchange being processed. Of course this could be simplified a lot if you for instance just have a simple id generator. But we wanted to demonstrate that you can use the Bean Binding annotations anywhere. public class MySimpleIdGenerator { public static int generate() { // generate a unique id return 123; } } And finally we just need to remember to have our bean registered in the Spring Registry: <bean id="myCorrelationIdGenerator" class="com.mycompany.MySimpleIdGenerator"/> COOKBOOK 57
Example using Groovy In this example we have an Exchange that has a User object stored in the in header. This User object has methods to get some user information. We want to use Groovy to inject an expression that extracts and concats the fullname of the user into the fullName parameter. public void doSomething(@Groovy("$request.header['user'].firstName $request.header['user'].familyName) String fullName, @Body String body) { // process the inbound message here } Groovy supports GStrings that is like a template where we can insert $ placeholders that will be evaluated by Groovy. @Consume To consume a message you use the @Consume annotation to mark a particular method of a bean as being a consumer method. The uri of the annotation defines the Camel Endpoint to consume from. e.g. lets invoke the onCheese() method with the String body of the inbound JMS message from ActiveMQ on the cheese queue; this will use the Type Converter to convert the JMS ObjectMessage or BytesMessage to a String - or just use a TextMessage from JMS public class Foo { @Consume(uri="activemq:cheese") public void onCheese(String name) { ... } } The Bean Binding is then used to convert the inbound Message to the parameter list used to invoke the method . What this does is basically create a route that looks kinda like this from(uri).bean(theBean, "methodName"); Using context option to apply only a certain CamelContext See the warning above. You can use the context option to specify which CamelContext the consumer should only apply for. For example: 58 COOKBOOK
When using more than one CamelContext When you use more than 1 CamelContext you might end up with each of them creating a POJO Consuming; therefore use the option context on @Consume that allows you to specify which CamelContext id/name you want it to apply for. @Consume(uri="activemq:cheese", context="camel-1") public void onCheese(String name) { The consumer above will only be created for the CamelContext that have the context id = camel-1. You set this id in the XML tag: <camelContext id="camel-1" ...> Using an explicit route If you want to invoke a bean method from many different endpoints or within different complex routes in different circumstances you can just use the normal routing DSL or the Spring XML configuration file. For example from(uri).beanRef("myBean", "methodName"); which will then look up in the Registry and find the bean and invoke the given bean name. (You can omit the method name and have Camel figure out the right method based on the method annotations and body type). Use the Bean endpoint You can always use the bean endpoint from(uri).to("bean:myBean?method=methodName"); Using a property to define the endpoint Available as of Camel 2.11 COOKBOOK 59
The following annotations @Consume, @Produce, @EndpointInject, now offers a property attribute you can use to define the endpoint as a property on the bean. Then Camel will use the getter method to access the property. For example public class MyService { private String serviceEndpoint; public void setServiceEndpoint(String uri) { this.serviceEndpoint = uri; } public String getServiceEndpoint() { return serviceEndpoint } @Consume(property = "serviceEndpoint") public void onService(String input) { ... } } The bean MyService has a property named serviceEndpoint which has getter/setter for the property. Now we want to use the bean for POJO Consuming, and hence why we use @Consume in the onService method. Notice how we use the property = "serviceEndpoint to configure the property that has the endpoint url. If you define the bean in Spring XML or Blueprint, then you can configure the property as follows: <bean id="myService" class="com.foo.MyService"> <property name="serviceEndpoint" value="activemq:queue:foo"/> </bean> This allows you to configure the bean using any standard IoC style. Camel offers a naming convention which allows you to not have to explicit name the property. Camel uses this algorithm to find the getter method. The method must be a getXXX method. 1. Use the property name if explicit given 2. If no property name was configured, then use the method name 3. Try to get the property with name*Endpoint* (eg with Endpoint as postfix) 4. Try to get the property with the name as is (eg no postfix or postfix) 5. If the property name starts with on then omit that, and try step 3 and 4 again. So in the example above, we could have defined the @Consume annotation as 60 COOKBOOK
This applies for them all The explanation below applies for all the three annotations, eg @Consume, @Produce, and @EndpointInject @Consume(property = "service") public void onService(String input) { Now the property is named 'service' which then would match step 3 from the algorithm, and have Camel invoke the getServiceEndpoint method. We could also have omitted the property attribute, to make it implicit @Consume public void onService(String input) { Now Camel matches step 5, and loses the prefix on in the name, and looks for 'service' as the property. And because there is a getServiceEndpoint method, Camel will use that. Which approach to use? Using the @Consume annotations are simpler when you are creating a simple route with a single well defined input URI. However if you require more complex routes or the same bean method needs to be invoked from many places then please use the routing DSL as shown above. There are two different ways to send messages to any Camel Endpoint from a POJO @EndpointInject To allow sending of messages from POJOs you can use the @EndpointInject annotation. This will inject a ProducerTemplate so that the bean can participate in message exchanges. e.g. lets send a message to the foo.bar queue in ActiveMQ at some point public class Foo { @EndpointInject(uri="activemq:foo.bar") ProducerTemplate producer; public void doSomething() { if (whatever) { producer.sendBody("<hello>world!</hello>"); } COOKBOOK 61