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Benefits From E Commerce
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1. ARTICLE IN PRESS International Journal of Information Management 24 (2004) 489–506 www.elsevier.com/locate/ijinfomgt Strategic motivators and expected benefits from e-commerce in traditional organisations Luisa PirisÃ, Guy Fitzgerald, Alan Serrano Department of Information Systems and Computing, Brunel University, Uxbridge Middlesex UB8 3PH, UK Abstract This paper aims to identify the strategic motivators and expected benefits related to the implementation of e-commerce infrastructures in traditional ''brick and mortar'' organisations. Despite the fact that the clearest benefit from e-commerce might be expected to come from contribution to corporate profits, either from an increase of sales or reduction of costs, but this may not be the case. The literature suggests that there are different ways in which the potential benefits can be assessed. These ways are directly related to the evolution of e-commerce. This research has chosen six representative organisations from different sectors to explore their rationales for their e-commerce strategies. One of the main benefits reported is to increase the focus on the customer and improving internal communications. Additionally, obtaining competitive advantage was found to be a powerful motivator, despite the fact that the recent academic literature suggests that this is very difficult to achieve. r 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: E-commerce; Strategic information systems; E-business; Benefits; Strategic motivators 1. Introduction E-commerce has suffered from the same syndrome as many other theories or new issues that arrive in the business world. Firstly, there was great enthusiasm, organisations had to adapt to the new online world otherwise they would disappear. This was closely followed by the bursting of the dotcom ÃCorresponding author. Tel.: +44-1895-203397-Ext. 7036; fax: +44-1895-251686. E-mail address: email@example.com (L. Piris). 0268-4012/$ - see front matter r 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2004.08.008
ARTICLE IN PRESS L. Piris et al. / International Journal of Information Management 24 (2004) 489–506 490 bubble, with some famous failures. As a consequence, opinion changed and the literature reflected a radical change in the approach to e-commerce. It was no longer a strategic weapon and its value came to be considered as simply a marketing tool. Finally, the e-commerce approach has been reassessed and it has entered a more mature stage, where some organisations have been able to take advantage of the possibilities of doing business electronically. This general phenomenon is not new. It happened before with theories such as Business Process Reengineering (BPR), TQM, just-in time, or other business panaceas, such as CRM. This paper advocates the idea that e-commerce is currently in a more mature stage and it is no longer a panacea for success. Its value, however, is recognised and appreciated. At this stage, the perception of the benefits and reason to be online has changed from the early expectations, mainly based on increasing profit, through sales or cost reduction. Consequently, the aim of this paper is to explore the strategic motivation and rationale to implement an e-commerce platform in brick and mortar organisations. Those organisations were successfully competing in their own traditional market segments before but after implementing e- commerce strategies all of them reported benefits from e-commerce but most of these were intangible and difficult to measure. 2. Background 2.1. Definition of e-commerce There is neither a universal agreement on the definition of e-commerce and nor a unique theory about the differences between e-commerce and e-business. As a result, each author uses his or her own definitions. All of them, however, agree with the basic notion that it is about business activities electronically conducted. In this research, a broad view is taken, closer to e-business. E-commerce is not just buying and selling through the Internet, but also about servicing customers, collaboration with business partners, and conducting business internally or within the organisation (Turban, 2002). This definition outlines three layers of e-commerce: (i) Intra-organisational, or e-commerce conducted within business; the main exponent is the Intranet and the internal e-mail. (ii) Inter-organisational or business conducted with other business partners; the main exponent is the Extranet. (iii) Finally, there is the most public area or 'the customer to business', which is the most public network open to everyone (Kalakota & Whinston, 1997). The same idea is adopted by Lawrence (2000) who defined e-commerce as a group of networks, Intranet or private to the organisation; extranet also private with business partners; and the Internet, which is the public and global network open to everybody (Fig. 1). INTERNET (Global Level) Market Advertising INTRANET EXTRANET Trade (Organisation Level) (intra-organisational level) -Email -Orders -Administration -Transactions -Information -Data Exchange -Virtual teams Fig. 1. The role of different networks in e-commerce (adapted from (Lawrence, 2000)).
ARTICLE IN PRESS L. Piris et al. / International Journal of Information Management 24 (2004) 489–506 491 2.2. The change in e-commerce perception The literature review in this paper can be divided in three different stages. The first one is around 1980–1990 when several authors started to argue that competitive advantage could be achieved through the use of Information Systems (Porter & Millar, 1985; Earl, 1989; Robson, 1997; Galliers & Baker, 1994; Ward & Griffiths, 1996). Information Systems was seen as a truly strategic weapon and various ways of achieving this strategic value were identified. The second stage begins around the end of 1999 when the first Internet e-commerce systems arose. The literature of that moment still reflected the general enthusiasm. The Internet was perceived as a completely new way with different rules that needed different strategies and theories (Kalakota & Robinson, 1999; Currie, 2000). The Internet was perceived as a panacea, able to produce large benefits, address an enormous target market, that would enable global businesses, giving the opportunity to reach clients more effectively than ever before. This assumption was firmly believed at all levels: governments, banks, consultants, companies, newspapers, executives and the public in general. As a result, the new Internet-based start-up companies were not assessed according to revenues, but on their future immense performance. Consequently, they had a very high but unrealistic market value. The philosophy was to be part of this Internet challenge or to disappear. In the late spring of 2000, the realisation of the over-valuation of the dotcoms occurred and resulted in a stock market crash, with all shares hit but in particular the dotcoms. At this stage, the value of e-commerce initiatives became based on revenues, rather than future potential. The third stage observed in the literature is very recent and adopts an even more critical view of e-commerce. These authors maintain that the Internet is not so radical but simply a new medium, i.e. just an additional channel of communication (Porter, 2001; Carr, 2003). Consequently, its importance must be assessed in this light. However, there are some authors who still maintain the strategic importance of e-commerce and its powerful influence on markets and industry structures (Dans, 2004). 2.3. Benefits and reasons for e-commerce implementation Quite different motivators and benefits from e-commerce can be found in the literature. There is a clear difference between the reasons observed in the 1990s and more recent studies. This is due to the clear change in the e-commerce perception from the 1990s to today, as discussed above. However, in some cases, the previous enthusiastic approach has left a clear lack of trust about e- commerce in some organisations, either because they had a previous failure or because they are biased by other failures. According to Currie (2000), there are several cost/performance benefits of e-commerce (Table 1): The first group of benefits are based on reduction of external and internal communication expenses, such as: the speed-up business processes and reduced administrative tasks. The second group of benefits are the revenues generated either from current business or from new initiatives. These can also serve to enhance the company's visibility and extend customer and supplier networks. The third group of benefits are tangible benefits, such as reduced costs and more flexible working practices. Finally, there is a group related to intangible benefits, such as enhanced competitive positioning and enhanced customer relationships.
ARTICLE IN PRESS L. Piris et al. / International Journal of Information Management 24 (2004) 489–506 492 Table 1 Cost/performance benefits of Internet commerce External/internal communication expenses Reduce private line network costs Fewer fax transmissions Fewer paper-based transactions Speed-up business/administrative processes Reduction in administrative tasks Revenues Enhance company visibility Extend customer networks Extend supplier networks Find new international business partners (joint ventures) Tangible benefits Reduce office space Reduce equipment/furniture costs Flexible working practices Seamless customer service Intangible benefits Improved employee morale Enhanced customer satisfaction Enhanced competitive position Improved relations with customers (trust/confidence) Adapted from Currie (2000). Table 2 Benefits of e-commerce Important of each benefit (from 1 to 7) Benefit Mean Enhance competitiveness or create strategic advantage 5.34 Enable easier access to information 5.24 Provide new products or services to customers 4.88 Increase the flexibility of information request 4.68 Improve customer relations 4.66 Enhance the credibility and prestige of the organisation 4.57 Provide better products or services to customer 4.49 Increase volume of information output 4.46 Align well with stated organisational goals 4.24 Enable the organisation to respond more quickly to change 4.23 Enable faster retrieval or delivery of information or reports 4.21 Help establish useful linkages with other organisations 4.19 Save money by reducing communication costs 4.01 Increase return on financial assets 3.93 Enhance employee productivity or business efficiency 3.90 Extracted from Lederer et al. (1996).
ARTICLE IN PRESS L. Piris et al. / International Journal of Information Management 24 (2004) 489–506 493 However, those benefits have significant differences in their strategic value. Some of them are quite significant, whereas others are relatively trivial for strategy. A study conducted by Currie (2000) in three organisations (Dell, Cisco, Fedex) highlighted the following benefits: additional revenues, lower sales/marketing costs; lower service/support costs, and improve customer relationship. However, the main benefits reported by Lederer (Lederer, Mirchandani, Sims, 1996) are more intangible (Table 2) and less directly related to increasing profits. Consequently, the objective of this paper is to compare the perceived benefits of e-commerce in traditional companies, ''brick and mortar'' and to compare and assess these values. Organisations with and without strategic perception of e-commerce assess the expected benefits in different ways, although there are some similarities. 3. Research approach A mixed qualitative and quantitative research approach has been undertaken with cases conducted in six different organisations from different activity sectors. The approach was based on the following research framework (see Fig. 2). Questionnaires were sent to several organisations and case investigations were conducted in a number of others to get a multifaceted understanding. This involved not only interviews of stakeholders but also the analysis of documents and texts and observation of their websites and e-commerce initiatives. The findings have been analysed individually and then compared with each other, in order to obtain some patterns and models. Finally, the findings from the case studies have been compared with the findings from the literature review. Although the research approach is identified as mixed, the authors consider it principally as a qualitative research due to the focus on understanding the scenario rather than the statistical analysis of the data. The use of a case study approach for this research is because such studies examine the phenomenon in its natural setting and employ multiple methods of data collection to gather information (Benbasat, Goldstein, Mead, 2002). According to these authors, the case study is Literature review Observation and search in Interviews Questionnaires the Internet Comparison of findings Individual Analysis of the among organisations findings Check field research with literature review Conclusions Reflection Fig. 2. Scheme of research approach employed.
ARTICLE IN PRESS L. Piris et al. / International Journal of Information Management 24 (2004) 489–506 494 particularly useful when the research is focused on contemporary events and particularly advantageous in studies about the relationship between IT and corporate strategy. 4. Cases studies 4.1. The participants This section contains the results from the field research conducted in six organisations. Each of those organisations belongs to a different activity sector and can be regarded, to some extent, as a representative of that sector due to either their size or importance in the sector. The sectors are Education, Oil and Gas, Local Government, Alcoholic Beverages, Building materials, and Audit and advisory services. For reasons of confidentiality, organisations' names cannot be revealed. As a result, they are labelled as Business School X, Oil X, Borough X, Beverage X, Material X and Consultancy X. (see Table 3). 4.2. Business school X This organisation is a well-known Spanish business school, which provides postgraduate courses and Masters degrees. In the international rankings, their Masters are always in the top ten of the world rankings, together with Harvard Business School, LBS, LSE, among others. Its website is organised in several areas: information about the Master courses, executive education, the research centres, the law program, communities of past and current students and professors and lectures, and finally online courses. It has one intranet, for staff and current students with academic information, corporate e-mail and online tools. Another private area or Extranet can be found, with current and past students, professors, staff and lectures. Finally, there is a public or Internet area, open to everyone, which mainly contains information and some interaction tools for prospective students. It should be noted that this organisation declares in their Mission Statement that they have a firm commitment to new technologies. An important reason is that they have developed an online MBA programme, which has been running since 2001 with very good results. The organisation has a strong commitment to those initiatives that are enclosed in the Extranet containing the online campus for current students and the e-learning initiatives for virtual education. These two areas are perceived as highly strategic. 4.3. Oil X This organisation is an important multinational company in the oil and gas sector, with its headquarters in the UK and Holland. They have more than 115,000 employees around the world, operating in five continents. This organisation covers all the upstream and downstream stages of the petroleum business. Consequently, they own all the channels from extraction of oil to direct sales to customers, through their own petrol station network. They define e-commerce as considerably strategic both in the past and the present, with a very high investment in the area. They report a budget of between £ 2.5 and 5 million, which is the
L. Piris et al. / International Journal of Information Management 24 (2004) 489–506 ARTICLE IN PRESS Table 3 Summary of organisations, which participated in this research Company Business school X Oil X Borough X Beverage X Material X Consultancy X Respondent IS/IT area chair BI consultant Information Business analyst E-business ITKM director system manager manager Sector Education Oil Gas Local government Alcohol beverages Building materials Audit advisory services No. employees Non available +10,000 250–999 +10,000 1000–10,000 1000–10,000 495
ARTICLE IN PRESS L. Piris et al. / International Journal of Information Management 24 (2004) 489–506 496 largest investment reported in this research. Their e-commerce systems are currently integrated with other IS, such as ERP, invoicing and inventory systems. The e-commerce department provides central hosting for all the countries and companies. All the content, online tools and processes are managed from their headquarters. 4.4. Borough X This organisation is a local borough in London. They have between 250 and 999 employees. This is a very particular case of e-commerce, e-government. E-government is highly influenced by the UK Government policies. UK government defined as high priority to achieve the target of making all government services available electronically by 2005. For this reason, they created the office of e-envoy. It was set-up in 1999 as part of the policies to increase and enhance the presence of electronic government. As a result, they define e-commerce and in this particular case e- government as currently highly strategic. However, it was not strategic in the past. They have their own e-business manager/director who reports directly to the IT director. It is worth noting that the whole e-government activity is outsourced. 4.5. Beverage X This organisation is the world's largest producer of alcoholic drinks and leader in its sector, with more than 25,000 employees around the world and supplying alcoholic drinks in 180 markets around the world. Its headquarters are based in London. UK and Ireland, USA and Spain are the three main markets. It was formed by the merge of two well-known spirits and brewery companies. Its beers and distilled spirits include the most well-known brands. Beverage X has defined e-commerce strategic now and in the past. The main ideas, which can be perceived from its corporate information and its websites, are that customer loyalty, strong brand recognition and strong corporate culture are the crucial values for the organisation. Their sector is quite mature and the differentiation is significantly difficult. Brand loyalty is one of the main motivators for consumers to choose one beverage instead of another. As a result, the organisation tries to increase these values through their e-commerce strategies. They have several websites: a corporate website, various websites dedicated specifically to each brand and specific websites for each country. The organisation undertook a large programme to assess the opportunities held within e-commerce and to acquire a rich understanding of the e-commerce opportunities. 4.6. Material X This organisation is a UK multinational company in the building materials sector. They have presence in more than 50 countries with 140 plants and more than 13,000 employees around the world. As a result, they are one of the most important firms in its sector. However, European operations accounts for about half of the company's total sales. Their main products are plasterboard, the material for walls and ceilings and paperboard products, to produce plasterboard and packaging. Other products include fire-resistant board and construction tools, as well as flooring, insulation, and decorative materials.
ARTICLE IN PRESS L. Piris et al. / International Journal of Information Management 24 (2004) 489–506 497 This organisation currently perceives e-commerce as non-strategic. However, it was more strategic and important two years ago. One of the main arguments given is that the complexity of the channel, where the relationship with the customer is difficult to maintain—the final owner of the house—disintermediation is not perceived as advantageous. Finally, they do not sell through the Internet. Online ordering is perceived as difficult to achieve, due to the high level of interaction with the customer. Additionally, the independent policies of each country should be changed in order to have a common best practise in taking orders. Another reason is that the information provided to their customers is not completely open (price, stock, etc.). Normally, the order taking process implies a negotiation about stock and prices, which is difficult to automate. This process is affected by the fact that complex information is not available at all levels and customer priority levels for backorders are difficult to manage. 4.7. Consultancy X This organisation is one of the top leaders in the sector of Audit and Advisory Services. They have more than 100,000 professionals around the world in 750 offices in 152 countries. However, although there is a strong relationship among countries, each country is an independent company with their own strategies and policies. Audit service, financial advisory, consulting, legal services, assurance are some of the services they provide. This organisation defines e-commerce activities as non-strategic for them, neither now nor in the past. However, they are quite interested in all the areas related with knowledge management and virtual communities. In fact, the CIO is also the IT manager and Knowledge manager. On the other hand, the responsibility of each country's website corresponds to the Marketing Department. This is an important clue, which shows the e-commerce assessment mainly as a marketing tool. They are neither integrated with any other information system, nor there is any intention of future connections. Furthermore, their e-commerce budget is particularly low and the update of pages is also rather low with only two updates per month. They do not sell any kind of products or services over the Internet, or have any kind of online tools for customers, although some of their competitors have defined new products to be offered through the Internet and have some successful e-commerce initiatives. They reported that in general terms they find that e-commerce tools are not applicable to their business. Their main policies are based on people and services provided by its professional staff. However, they have some tools to increase and enhance communication with customers. Nevertheless, they do not have any kind of tool to substitute people by software or e-commerce tools to deliver services to customers. It is worth noting that their invoicing systems are based on the hour/person rate. 5. Findings 5.1. Business school X The reasons they mention for developing their e-commerce initiatives were mainly related to increasing the link with customers, enhancing the company's image, creating competitive advantage, improving the customer's services and improving flexible working practices. This last
ARTICLE IN PRESS L. Piris et al. / International Journal of Information Management 24 (2004) 489–506 498 reason is mainly because their staff are highly professional and independent. Whereas, the reasons related to reducing costs were not taken into account and consequently they are not assessed. In the section related to tangible benefits, they have only assessed the increase of sales. 5.2. Oil X Among the reported reasons for establishing an e-commerce infrastructure were: to reduce personnel costs, increase sales, reduce channels and create competitive advantage, and are assessed as 'very important'. The reasons assessed as 'important' were: to reduce operational costs, reduce marketing costs, enhance company image, increase communication with customers, increase the number of new customers, improve customer services, speed up business/ administrative processes, competitive necessity, share knowledge around the organisation, and facilitate communications within the organisation. Two reasons assessed as somewhat important were: to simplify the ordering process and improve flexible working practices. On the other hand, no reason is assessed with less than a '3'—somewhat important. They report that they have estimations of tangible benefits in relation to reduction in costs and in increases in sales. 5.3. Borough X The reasons identified as 'very important' were: to increase communication with customers, increase the number of new customers, and improve customer services. The reasons assessed as 'important' were: simplify ordering process, speed up administrative processes, share knowledge around the organisation and facilitate communication within the organisation. Reduce operational costs, personnel costs and enhance company image are assessed as 'somewhat important'. Reduce marketing costs, create competitive advantage and competitive necessity were assessed as 'very little importance'. Finally to increase sales and reduce channels were estimated as 'not important'. They reported that they estimate tangible benefits in the section of reduction of costs, although they did not provide any figure. 5.4. Beverage X The reasons assessed as 'Very important' were to increase communication with customers, improve customer services, speed up business administrative processes, share knowledge around the organisation, facilitate communication around the organisation, and create competitive advantage. This last benefit would be achieved mainly by creating a strong brand recognition and customer loyalty in line with the overall strategy of focusing on some brands and on customer service. However, it is considered rather difficult to achieve sustainable competitive advantage through e-commerce systems. The reasons considered 'important' were: to reduce operational costs, increase sales, a way of disintermediation, increase the number of new customers, simplify the ordering process, and improve flexible working practices. On the other hand, the reasons considered as 'very little important' and 'no interest' were to reduce personnel costs, reduce marketing costs, enhance company image, and competitive necessity.
ARTICLE IN PRESS L. Piris et al. / International Journal of Information Management 24 (2004) 489–506 499 They reported that they estimate tangible benefits in relation to the reduction of some costs, such as operational costs, by speeding up processes, by simplifying processes and by increase of sales. The only cost reductions that are not considered are personnel and marketing costs. 5.5. Material X Focusing on the reasons they reported, it is important to highlight that to reduce human resources costs, increase sales, create competitive advantage and improve flexible working practices were assessed as 'very little importance'. Whereas, on the other hand, to reduce operational costs, reduce marketing costs, enhance company image, increase communication with customers, improve customer services, simplify the ordering process, speed up business/ administrative processes, share knowledge and facilitate communication within the organisation are assessed as 'important'. Table 4 Reasons and Benefits of e-commerce O1 O2 O3 O4 O5 O6 Mean Reasons Import. Import. Import. Import. Import. Import. To reduce operational costs 1 4 3 4 4 3 3.2 To reduce personnel costs 1 5 3 2 2 3 2.7 To reduce marketing cost 1 4 2 3 4 3 2.8 To increase sales 3 5 1 4 2 5 3.3 To enhance company image 4 4 3 3 4 2 3.3 A way of disintermediation 1 5 1 4 2 2 2.5 (reduce channels) To increase communication 3 4 5 5 4 3 4.0 with customers Increase the number of new 2 4 5 4 2 3 3.3 customers Improve customer service 5 4 5 5 4 2 4.2 To simplify the ordering 5 3 4 4 4 3 3.8 process To speed-up business/ 5 4 4 5 4 3 4.2 administrative processes To create competitive 5 5 2 5 2 3 3.7 advantage Competitive necessity 2 4 2 3 3 2 2.7 To share knowledge around 3 4 4 5 4 3 3.8 the organisation To facilitate 3 4 4 5 4 4 4.0 communications within the organisation To improve flexible working 4 3 5 4 2 3 3.5 practices
ARTICLE IN PRESS L. Piris et al. / International Journal of Information Management 24 (2004) 489–506 500 In the same line as the majority of organisations, there is a little estimate of tangible benefits. Neither the reduction of cost, nor the increase of sales are estimated in financial terms, both now and in the future. 5.6. Consultancy X The only reason they reported as 'very important' was to increase sales and after that with a '4' or 'important' to facilitate communications within the organisation. They assess as 'very little importance' to enhance company image, competitive necessity and as a way of disintermediation. The reason for this last is that they do not have intermediaries to provide the services. It is important to note that they assess as more important, trying to create competitive advantage from e-commerce than as a competitive necessity. It is also important to note that despite its concern about knowledge management, they assess as 'somewhat important' the use of e-commerce to share knowledge around the organisation. Other reasons that are assessed with a '3' or 'somewhat important' are: to reduce operational, personnel and marketing costs, to increase communication with customers, increase the number of new customers, simplify the ordering process, speed up business/administrative processes, to improve flexible working practices. There is again no attempt to estimate any tangible benefits, neither in relation to reduction of cost, nor in increase in sales, now and in the future. 5.7. Summary of the findings The summary of the reasons and their importance rating for each organisation are shown in Table 4. The importance of each motivator was assessed with: 1 (not important), 2 (very little important), 3 (somewhat important), 4 (important) to 5 (extremely important). The summary of the estimation of tangible benefits is shown in Table 4. The objective was to discover if the organisation assessed the economic contribution of e-commerce in the present situation and if they have assessed its possible contribution in the future. The results obtained were unfortunately rather vague. Most of the organisations neither declared that they did not attempt to assess tangible benefits and nor did they provide concrete information about the savings obtained. Results are summarised in Table 5. 6. Analysis of the results 6.1. Analysis in organisations, which consider e-commerce as strategic Four out of the six organisations considered e-commerce as strategic. Although they were from quite different sectors, all of them share some issues in their e-commerce strategies and perceptions. Some of the similarities found are: The funds invested in e-commerce are much larger for the organisations with a strategic perception of e-commerce. Clearly their perceptions of the benefits from e-commerce are more optimistic. This is a clear positive return of investment, the more they invest, the more they recover.
L. Piris et al. / International Journal of Information Management 24 (2004) 489–506 Table 5 Estimation of tangible benefits Business school X Oil X Borough X Beverage X Materials X Consultancy X ARTICLE IN PRESS Actual Future Actual Future Actual Future Actual Future Actual Future Actual Future Reduction of costs No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Personnel No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No Marketing costs No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No Operational costs No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No By speeding up processes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No By simplifying processes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Increase of sales Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 501
ARTICLE IN PRESS L. Piris et al. / International Journal of Information Management 24 (2004) 489–506 502 Average of relevant reason for Organisations with strategic perception Improve customer service To speed-up business/administrative processes To create competitive advantage To increase communication with customers To improve flexible working practices To facilitate communications within the organisation To share knowledge around the organisation To simplify the ordering process Increase the number of new customers To enhance company image 0 1 2 3 4 5 Fig. 3. Average of relevant reason/benefits for organisation with strategic e-commerce (more than 3.5). The importance of each expected benefit was considered more significant in general, than in organisation without a strategic perception of e-commerce (see Fig. 3). A crucial observation is that the reasons assessed with more than a '4' are: improve customer services, speed up business/administrative processes and increase communication with customers. The last two reasons are directly related to improving customer service and add value to their products rather than increment sales, which is not perceived anymore as the major advantage of e- commerce. Another important benefit is to create competitive advantage. Although recent academic literature mainly denies this possibility, organisations still appear to believe that this possibility exists. On the other hand, e-commerce is not perceived as a competitive necessity. However, most of the organisations declared that they did benchmarking of their competitors. In conclusion, e-commerce is assessed more as an indirect medium to support and enhance the organisation's strategy. On the other hand, benefits related to reducing cost, reducing personnel or simplifying their channels are not perceived as imperative. Only reducing operational cost is perceived as 'somewhat important'. 6.2. Analysis in organisations, which consider e-commerce as non-strategic There are two organisations out of the six, which perceive e-commerce as non-strategic for their businesses. Perhaps, surprisingly, there are several similar patterns with those companies that considered e-commerce as strategic. One of the most important is that they do anticipate direct
ARTICLE IN PRESS L. Piris et al. / International Journal of Information Management 24 (2004) 489–506 503 Average of relevant reason for organisation with non-strategic perception of e-commerce To facilitate communications within the organisation To share knowledge around the organisation To speed-up business/administrative processes To simplify the ordering process To increase communication with customers To increase sales To reduce marketing cost To reduce operational costs Improve customer service To enhance company image 0 1 2 3 4 5 Fig. 4. Average of reason/benefits from e-commerce for organisation with non-strategic e-commerce. profit from their e-commerce strategies. They do not rate highly either increases in sales or cost reductions. Hence, their perception about the expected benefits is conditioned by this fact. The organisations believe that their customers are not particularly attracted by e-commerce systems. Either, because their targeted customer does not match to the typical Internet user or because they perceive the personal relationship with their customers to be very valuable and they feel that it might be lost through e-commerce. It is worth noting that this research has found evidence that these organisations had a formless strategy about e-commerce (see Fig. 4). For instance, they did not assess the potential incomes and savings from e-commerce. Furthermore, they focus more internally than externally. The only reason with an average of over or equal to 4 (important) is to facilitate communication within the organisation, followed by share knowledge around the organisation. All these perceptions show a clear picture of e-commerce as a communication tool. The least valued benefit was a medium to reduce channels, also of little importance were: to reduce personnel costs, competitive necessity, increase the number of new customers, improve flexible working practise, and create competitive advantage. Clearly, this supports their perceptions of e-commerce being non-strategic. 7. Conclusions One of the simplest, but at the same time valuable conclusions, is that those organisations which obtain income and profit through the Internet, are more likely to perceive e-commerce as strategic, whereas those organisations that have no direct revenues through Internet, usually have
ARTICLE IN PRESS L. Piris et al. / International Journal of Information Management 24 (2004) 489–506 504 Table 6 Best benefits and reasons Best benefits/reasons Improve customer services (5 organisations assessed with '5' or '4') Speed up business/administrative process (5 organisations assessed with '5' or '4') Increase communication with customers (5 organisations assessed with '5' or '4') Facilitate communication around the organisation (5 organisations assessed with '5' or '4') Simplify ordering process To share knowledge around the organisation Create competitive advantage (3 organisations assessed with a '5') Table 7 Comparisons II. Most valuable reason Most valuable benefits Business school X Create competitive advantage Improve customer services Speed-up business administrative processes Simplify ordering process Create competitive advantage Oil X Reduce personnel costs Increase sales Reduce channels Increase communication with customers Borough X Increase the number of new customers Improve customer services Improve flexible working practices Create competitive advantage Beverage X Improve customer services Speed up business processes To share knowledge around the organisation To facilitate communication within the organization (None of them were assessed with '5') Materials X Reduce operational costs Reduce marketing costs Enhance company image Increase communication with customers Improve customer services Simplify ordering process Speed up administrative processes Share knowledge around the organisation Facilitate communication within the organisation Increase sales Consultancy X To facilitate communications within the organisations
ARTICLE IN PRESS L. Piris et al. / International Journal of Information Management 24 (2004) 489–506 505 a lower strategic perception of e-commerce. This conclusion is aligned with the research done by Chang, Jackson, and Grover (2003). Another important finding that arises from the research is that actually the principal use of e- commerce is for increasing and enhancing customer services and as a vehicle to communicate and disseminate information and knowledge (See Tables 6 and 7). Despite the fact that recent academic literature declares that obtaining sustainable competitive advantage from e-commerce is difficult to achieve three organisations out of the four, identified this with a '5' (see Table 6). The majority of organisations with strategic perception of e-commerce still believe that this possibility exists. Despite the fact that most of the organisations declared that they do not benchmark against their competitors, they did not perceive e-commerce as a competitive necessity, i.e. e-commerce is now essential rather than providing a competitive edge. Furthermore, the strategic value of e-commerce applications seems to vary according to the sector. In other words, e-commerce becomes a competitive necessity in those sectors, where competition is very aggressive and competitors are making intensive use of it. Whereas, in those other sectors, where the use of e-commerce is less common, it is not perceived as an essential strategy and their e-commerce infrastructure are less developed and complex. However, in these sectors where there is very little competition, the possibilities of gaining advantage from e- commerce could be significant. It is important to highlight the value of channels. Those organisations with very complex channels or without direct relationship with the final customer, normally reject the idea of selling through e-commerce. They assessed their channels as especially important and they refused to disintermediate (eliminate their channels). Indeed, their channels were adding value to the product. The more value they add to the product, the more essential they are perceived by the organisations. Finally, further research in the topic would be needed with a larger sample of organisations from different activity sector. It might explore the factors in different e-commerce models. Acknowledgements We would like to thank all the organisations, which participated in this research. They found time to help us, despite their busy agendas. Without their help this research would not have been possible. References Benbasat, I., Goldstein, K. D., Mead, M. (2002). The case research strategy in studies of information systems. In M. D. Myers, D. Avison (Eds.), Qualitative research in information systems: a reader. London: Sage. Carr, M. (2003). IT doesn't matter. Harvard Business Review, 81(5), 41–49. Chang, K., Jackson, J., Grover, V. (2003). E-commerce and corporate strategy: an executive perspective. Information Management, 40(7), 663. Currie, W. (2000). The global information society. Chichester: Wiley. Dans, E., 2004. IT does matter. European Business Forum (EBF), (16). Earl, M. J. (1989). Management strategies for information technology. New York, London: Prentice-Hall.
ARTICLE IN PRESS L. Piris et al. / International Journal of Information Management 24 (2004) 489–506 506 Galliers, R., Baker, B. S. H. (1994). Strategic information management: challenges and strategies in managing information systems. Oxford: Butterworth Heinemann. Kalakota, R., Robinson, M. (1999). E-business: roadmap for success. Reading, MA, Harlow: Addison-Wesley. Kalakota, R., Whinston, A. B. (1997). Electronic commerce: a manager's guide. Reading, MA, Harlow: Addison- Wesley. Lawrence, E. (2000). Internet commerce: digital models for business (2nd ed.). Brisbane, Chichester: Wiley. Lederer, A. L., Mirchandani, D. A., Sims, K. (1996). Electronic commerce: a strategic application? Proceedings of the 1996 ACM SIGCPR/SIGMIS conference on computer personnel research (p. 277). New York: ACM Press. Porter, M. E. (2001). Strategy and the internet. Harvard Business Review, 79(3), 62–80. Porter, M. E., Millar, V. E. (1985). How information gives you competitive advantage. Harvard Business Review, 63(4), 149–160. Robson, W. (1997). Strategic management and information systems: an integrated approach (2nd ed.). London: Pitman Publishing. Turban, E. (2002). Electronic commerce 2002. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Ward, J., Griffiths, P. M. (1996). Strategic planning for information systems (2nd ed.). Chichester, New York: Wiley.


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- VIC - Melbourne
Bigslide Play Centre
BigSlide Play Centre is designed for the enjoyment of all ages, created with everyone in mind!
For the Dads, come down and watch the footy on the big screen while the kids play, or why not have a slide yourself!
For the Mums, enjoy a coffee and cake in the cafe with friends while the kids play.
Teens, why not bring your mates down for a game of footy or soccer?
- 3 Lane slide - 8 metres high
- 3 Lane slide - 6 metres high
- Rock climbing wall
- Speed slide
- Sports field
- Inflatable jumping castles
- Net bridges
- Punching bags
- FOXTEL on the big plasma screen
- Licensed Sports bar
Come for a 20-30 minute free trial before you book your party then experience a free 30 minute play while you book your party with us!
Everyone must have socks!
Check out more great events in VIC.
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- Home to Australia's highest indoor slide! Visit Website
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Popular in Current Events
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National Stalking Awareness Month
January is National Stalking Awareness Month and do you know whose keeping track of you? Both women and men are stalked victims of stalking and sometimes this can lead to deadly consequences, including homicide. Join me as we discuss what to do if your a victim and even if you are or having stalked someone in the past.
Life Lessons
TODAYS TOPICS : Things you have grown from and the trials and tribulations you went thru to make yourself a better person.
The Truth with Tad Camp
We will be discussing the con artists in the child protection business and those who make false claims and threats against surviving family members of murdered children.
Real Estate Inspections
The content of the show is to present to the inspector community as well as the public up to date and relevant information concerning the inspection industry on the hot topics and also provide insight into the inspection process for the public. In addition to providing helpful hints and timely tips for both.
xxx SATURDAY NIGHT -> ACROSS the BORED w/ Rich & Ryan xxx
Weekly Show Featuring Controversial Discussions of Current Events and Worldwide Happenings.
Dr. Bill Talks about sleep...
Teeing Off On...Week In Review (Rebroadcast)
Teeing Off On... is a show that addresses the stupid things people accept and do in their lives. No area is off limits! We tee off on all stupid occurrences in sports, entertainment, politics and cultural phenomena. Occasionally, we'll even use examples from our own lives! Join Tomika and Angela each week as we tee off in an upbeat and witty discussion about the happenings that make us scratch our heads, laugh out loud, or want to fight! Like a ball on a tee, when stupidity happens it must be ad
Intergenerational Tyranny
Discussing conservation and climate change in Nevada with local environmental policy expert, Scot Rutledge, Executive Director of the Nevada Conservation League.
privacy or a safe landing
I am getting very tired of these privacy advocates at airports, do you want to arrive safe, or complain about privacy issues?!
A Week In The World
If it happened,this week you need to know about it!!!
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Lyons Chevrolet, Buick, GMC, First Commerce Bank, Ok Tire and Brake, Blalock Plumbing & Electric
Marshall County Schools, in accordance with federal law, wishes to announce the availability of services to children with delays or disabilities ages 3-5. These children may demonstrate delays in language development, speech problems, and/or delays in acquiring skills or academic readiness. Once eligible for services, children may receive speech and language services or qualify for the Preschool Classroom located at Oak Grove Elementary School.
If you know of a child who may benefit from these services and would like more information regarding eligibility, please contact: Marshall County Schools, Special Education Office, 700 Jones Circle, Lewisburg, TN 37091; phone 931-359-1581.
Marshall County is an equal opportunity provider and employer.
The Tennessee Bureau of Investigation at the request of the Memphis Police Department is activating A Statewide Tennessee Blue Alert for suspect 29 year-old Tremaine Wilbourn.
Tremaine Wilbourn is wanted by the Memphis Police Department, Tennessee Bureau of Investigation and U.S. Marshals Office on the charge of Homicide for killing a Memphis Police Officer on August 2, 2015. He was last seen wearing a blue jersey, black pants and black shoes. Wilbourn also goes by the alias of Tremaine Martin and "T-Streetz" Wilbourn was last seen in a 2002 Silver Honda Accord with dark tinted windows, 17 inch chrome rims, sun roof and a black spoiler on the trunk with TN license plate U2719K. Wilbourn should be considered armed and dangerous.
Tremain Wilbourn is being added by the TBI Top Ten Most Wanted List and a reward of $1,000.00 is being offered for information leading to his arrest in addition the U.S. Marshals Office is offering a reward of $10,000.00 for his arrest. If you have seen either the suspect or the vehicle you are asked to call Memphis Police Department Crime Stoppers at 901-528-CASH or TBI at 1-800-TBI-FIND.
NASHVILLE – A quarantine for Emerald Ash Borer (EAB), an invasive insect that destroys ash trees, has been expanded to include five more Tennessee counties. With EAB discovered in traps in Franklin, Marshall, Rutherford, Trousdale and Williamson counties, those areas are now under restriction for the movement of ash trees and ash tree products. EAB was confirmed in Cumberland and Bledsoe counties in June. Tennessee now has 46 counties under state and federal EAB quarantine.
EAB is a destructive forest pest that made its way from Asia to the United States in the 1990s. This pest was first detected in Tennessee in 2010. Typically, EAB can kill an ash tree within three years. The Tennessee Department of Agriculture and USDA-APHIS are working together to identify infestation using purple box traps placed in ash trees across the state.
The EAB quarantine prohibits the movement of firewood, ash nursery stock, ash timber and other material that can spread EAB. Citizens should report any symptomatic ash trees to the department of agriculture and follow these simple rules:
TDA's Division of Forestry estimates that there are 261 million ash trees on public and private timberland in Tennessee, potentially valued as high as $9 billion.
For more information about EAB and other destructive forest pests, as well as tips for infestation prevention, visit www.protecttnforests.org.
(LEWISBURG, Tenn.) — Marshall County parents don't have to wait for the state's tax-free weekend to save money on back-to-school apparel for students. School starts in Marshall County on Wednesday, Aug. 5.
"Every weekend — and weekday for that matter — is tax-free when you shop for clothes and shoes at Goodwill," said retail District Manager Jennifer Martin, referring to a statewide tax exemption on the sale of used garments.
Moreover, Goodwill's low prices mean parents can purchase three or more outfits for what they might spend on one elsewhere, she said.
The not-for-profit's 35 retail stores in Middle and West Tennessee, including the one in Lewisburg, are stocked with many of the items students need to meet standard attire requirements, such as collared or Polo-style shirts in many shades like navy and white, and skirts and slacks in khaki, black and other colors.
The regular price for children's clothing in sizes 2T to 6X is $2.49 per piece, while clothing for older students' sizes 7-16 is $3.49 per item.
The stores also offer belts, ties and backpacks and other gear for students. Many items such as these will be sold tax-free at Goodwill during the state's Sales Tax Holiday, Aug. 7-9.
Goodwill's daily and monthly sales can greatly compound customers' savings. Everything in Goodwill's stores (excluding drinks) will be half price Saturday, Aug. 1, during our monthly storewide first-Saturday sale. These other specials also can help parents and students save:
● Every day: 50 percent off the Color of the Week.
● Every Wednesday and Sunday: 99 cents for Color of the Week clothing
● Every Monday, $5 off any purchase of $25 or more.
● Shoppers can save even more by signing up for a Goodwill Rewards card and by following Goodwill on Facebook for notification of other special offers.
College students also can find clothing, furniture and electronics at Goodwill to suit their needs, Martin said. She added that, in August, Goodwill stores will begin stocking the fall and winter clothing — including sweaters, jackets and coats — which will benefit students of all ages.
Goodwill stores are open 8 a.m.-8 p.m., Monday through Saturday, and 10 a.m.-8 p.m. on Sunday
Begun in 2012, the Smoke Alarm Program Has Helped Improve State's Fire Safety
NASHVILLE – The Tennessee State Fire Marshal's Office (SFMO) announces that smoke alarms installed as part of the "Get Alarmed Tennessee" program have now contributed to helping save over 100 lives since the program's inception in 2012.
The "Get Alarmed" program's success will be featured next week as part of presentations given by the SFMO during the National Association of State Fire Marshals annual conference in Nashville. The annual event will be held in the Renaissance Nashville Hotel in downtown Nashville.
Since its inception, SFMO and Tennessee fire service partners have distributed more than 81,000 smoke alarms for free across Tennessee in high-risk areas. Figures have recently confirmed the 101st saved life. The installation program along with fire prevention education, fewer fires and other factors helped play a role in reducing Tennessee's fire mortality rate in 2014.
"By comparing where 'Get Alarmed' smoke alarms were installed against fire incident reports, we can track the program's success and effectiveness," said Tennessee Department of Commerce & Insurance Deputy Commissioner Gary West. "'Get Alarmed Tennessee' perfectly fits our mission to reduce fire deaths. Going forward, we will continue to focus our resources and help save more lives and protect more property."
The National Association of State Fire Marshals conference kicks off at 9 a.m. Monday.
1. The Mayor and Council of the City of Lewisburg will hold a work session Monday, August 3rd 6:00pm, at Lewisburg City Hall, 131 East Church Street.
2. The Tree City Advisory Board will meet Wednesday, August 5th, 2015 4:00 pm, at Lewisburg City Hall, 131 East Church Street in the downstairs conference room.
3. The Mayor and Council of the City of Lewisburg will hold their regular monthly meeting Tuesday, August 11th, at 6:00 p.m. at Lewisburg City Hall, 131 East Church Street.
4. The Lewisburg Recreation Board will hold their monthly meeting Monday, August 17th, 6:00pm at the Lewisburg Recreation Center in the small meeting room, 1551 Mooresville Highway.5. The Community Development Board of the City of Lewisburg will hold their monthly meeting Tuesday, August 25th, 12:00 noon, at the Historic 1st Avenue Building, 207 1st Avenue.6. The Lone Oak Cemetery Advisory Board quarterly meeting will be Tuesday, August 25th, 2015, 4:00 pm, at Lewisburg City Hall, 131 East Church Street.
7. The Industrial Development Board of the City of Lewisburg will hold their regular scheduled monthly meeting on Monday, August 3, 2015 at 12:00 pm Noon, at the historic first Avenue Building, 207 1st Avenue North, Lewisburg, TN 37091.
8. The Lewisburg Gas Department Monthly Board meeting will be held Monday, August 3rd at 4:30 pm located at 505 N. Ellington Parkway.
Parents who reside in Marshall County and are planning to home school their children for the 2015-16 school year need to register with the Marshall county Board of Education between the dates of August 1st and August 15th at 700 Jones circle in Lewisburg.
Independently Home Schooled children who hope to be eligible for athletics in their home district must register by August 1.
1. The Town of Cornersville will have its regular meeting of the Board of Mayor and Aldermen on August 6, 2015 at 6:30 P.M. at Town Hall in Cornersville. This meeting is open to the public and all citizens are welcome to attend.
Employees of the Marshall County School System are preparing for a new school year. Teachers have been involved in training throughout the summer, and the principals are scheduling open houses and orientation sessions to familiarize parents with the policies and procedures of the school and the system.
Chapel Hill Elementary School (CHES): Monday, August 3 – kindergarten at 5:30 p.m.; 1st grade at 6:30 p.m. Tuesday, August 4 – 2nd grade at 5:30 p.m.; 3rd grade at 6:30 p.m.
Delk-Henson Intermediate School (DHIS): Monday, August 3, 5:00 p.m. – 4th grade orientation. Tuesday, August 4 –5th grade orientation at 5:00 p.m.; 6th grade orientation at 6:00 p.m.
Cornersville School (CVS): Monday, July 27, 6:00 p.m. – 7th grade parent orientation night.
Oak Grove Elementary School (OGES): Monday, August 3, 5:30 p.m. – kindergarten parent orientation. Tuesday, August 4, 5:30 p.m. – 1st grade parent orientation. These back-to-school nights are for parents to fill out papers and be given information for the school year.
Westhills Elementary School (WES): Monday, August 3, 5:30 p.m. – 4th grade orientation. Tuesday, August 4, 5:30 p.m., 5th/6th grade orientation.
Marshall County High School (MCHS): Tuesday, August 4, 6:00-8:00 p.m. – Freshman Open House.
For more information about events to be held at your school, call: CHES, 246-4255; DHIS, 536-0491; Forrest School, 246-4733; Cornersville Elementary School, 246-4230; CVS, 246-4170; OGES, 270-0892; Marshall Elementary School, 359-7149; WES, 359-3909; Lewisburg Middle School, 359-1265; and MCHS, 359-1549.
WJJM 94.3 FM Marshall County High
WJJM FMeXtra Forrest High School (IPhone/Ipad/Ipod)
WJJM FMeXtra Forrest High School(Link#2)
WJJM 1490 AM Cornersville High School
AM/FM radio delivers the largest reach during the time periods immediately prior to peak shopping hours, according to a study commissioned by Arbitron and presented at the Radio Show in Dallas. The study showed that radio continues to dominate the audio entertainment landscape, and out delivers web, social networking or mobile usage during the average day among Adults ages 25-54. To take advantage of this great opportunity on WJJM AM or FM call Missie Haislip at 931-359-4511 to discuss your advertising campaign.
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March 3, 2014
U. of Richmond President to Resign, Saying Move Is Unrelated to Controversy
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Richmond Times-Dispatch
Richmond Times-Dispatch
Edward L. Ayers, the University of Richmond president who was pulled into a recent controversy involving a trustee's offensive jokes about gay people, said on Friday he intended to resign.
Mr. Ayers, a prominent scholar of the Civil War, said he planned to join Richmond's faculty full time after he steps down, on June 30, 2015. By then, he will have been president for eight years.
In an
Where's the Outrage When Colleges Discriminate Against Students With Disabilities?
The Chronicle Review


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Wilhelmsen Ships Service (WSS) has announced the opening of a facility in Tianjin, China, taking the total number of WSS agency offices in the region to six, located in Shanghai, Beijing, Qingdao, Dalian, Ningbo and Tianjin.
Mr Leo Hao, Manager of WSS Tianjin said; "There are currently 1500 calls per month in the port of Tianjin. By increasing the number of regional agency offices, WSS China will be fully equipped to offer a joined-up network, providing the same service levels as WSS offices throughout the world and achieving global consistency of agency services."
Captain Bi, General Manager of WSS Ships Agency & Marine Logistics China said; "The six places within which we are now located represent each and every coastal province in China. As part of WSS's China Expansion Plan, we are aiming to build up our network of agency services along the entire Chinese coastline."
The WSS China Expansion Plan will continue to gather pace throughout 2012, with offices in Guangzhou, Xiamen and Fangcheng expected to be operational before the end of the year.
Ocean cargo shipper Matson, Inc. said it is moving quickly to fund improvements in its new Alaska operations following its May 29 acquisition of Horizon Lines' Alaska services.
Thegrowth in oil and gas activity in Côte D'Ivoire has seen investment in standardized safety training in the region far outstrip that of other hydrocarbon-rich West African countries,
General Dynamics Corp, a maker of ships, tanks and business jets, reported higher-than-expected quarterly earnings and revenues on Wednesday, and sharply raised its outlook for full-year profit.
KEP Marine – the manufacturer of type approved displays, computers and peripherals, announced the release of the affordable, high-quality KMGBL Glass Bridge Light Displays.
Scorpio Tankers Inc. announced today that it has entered into an agreement to purchase an MR product tanker.
The Company reached an agreement with an unrelated
Mitsui O.S.K. Lines, Ltd. today took part in a naming ceremony for the newbuilding liquefied natural gas carrier LNG FUKUROKUJU, which is co-owned by MOL and Kansai Electric Power Co.
MANILA, July 29 (Reuters) - A 18.99 billion pesos ($417.91 million) project to modernise a port in the southern Philippines has attracted interest from five groups,
Brian Anderson has been appointed Chairman of Lerwick Port Authority at the board's Annual General Meeting in July.
Formerly Deputy Chairman, Brian succeeds
Nigeria Liquefied Natural Gas Company (NLNG) expects to take delivery of four LNG carrier ships before year-end and another two next year, its chief executive said,


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Tonight: Partly to mostly cloudy skies with still a chance for spotty showers overnight. Remaining warm and muggy with lows in the middle 70s.
Thursday: A chance for scattered showers early as a cool front moves through, then clearing skies through the day. Highs near 90.
Friday into the Weekend: Less humid and more comfortable air slides in with highs in the upper 80s under a mostly sunny sky!
Have a great rest of your week!!
You can get up to the minute weather updates on our Facebook Page (WBIR Weather) and by following us on Twitter (@WBIRWeather).


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A publication of the Archaeological Institute of America
Archaeologists Search for Lost Royal City in Sudan
Tuesday, January 15, 2013
ANN ARBOR—A team of archaeologists from the University of Michigan, Denmark, and Sudan is looking for traces of a lost royal city of the Nubian kings in the Sahara Desert, using satellite imagery, topographic surveys, magnetometry, geological coring, and the notes of early twentieth-century American archaeologist George Reisner. "One of the challenges is that the city's remnants are completely invisible on the site today," said Geoff Emberling of the University of Michigan. Very little is known about Nubia's early kings and the origins of its civilization. "There has been a real lack of excavation of settlements, where you find out where people actually lived on a daily basis," added Emberling.
Civil War booze, world's oldest pretzels, Austria's war camels, coral tombs of the Pacific, and a 2.8-million-year-old human
Styling hair in Bronze Age Wales


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Mountain Hardwear Ski Jackets - Women'sSave big on Women's Mountain Hardwear Ski Jackets at Proboardshop.com. These jackets bring together a perfect trifecta of breathability, waterproofing, and wind proofing. All three combine to allow you to spend as much time as you want out on the mountain comfortably. Save as much as 30% off on them! Your order will be out of our warehouse within 24 hours Monday-Friday. Proboardshop has been selling Mountain Hardwear Ski Jackets and outdoor gear for over 30 years and we're proud of it.
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Company behind Firefox accuses the tech giant of making an "aggressive move to override user choice" by designating its Edge as default browser.
Carlos Ghosn also laid out his vision for autonomous driving, with the first assisted driving capabilities coming next year and a driverless car pulling up in 10 years.
Security company FireEye says a Russia-sponsored group uses malware that mimics normal computer use while stealing sensitive files.
As if you need another reason to get amped up for 'Rogue Nation,' Paramount is giving away some of Tom Cruise's finest.
The good news: walking texters did a fine job adapting their movements to avoid mishaps. The bad news: the rest of the world was stuck behind them and late to an appointment.
Has your browser turned to molasses? You probably have too many tabs open. Here's a one-click fix.
Technicolor has stepped into the high dynamic range (HDR) game to compete for the next generation of home video after 4K. Here's what you need to know about this Dolby Vision competitor.
How does Apple's streaming service stack up against longtime favorite Spotify? We lay it all out here.
More than 6 million YouTube viewers have already been mesmerized by the sight of a spinning basketball's crazy trajectory when tossed off the top of a giant dam.
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Buy houses in Newport Street, Swindon SN1 - 2 bedrooms
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Station Approach, Newport Street, Old Town SN1Detached house for sale - 2 bedrooms
Atwell Martin are delighted to offer 'The Coach House', a stunning two double bedroom property on the sought after location of Redhouse. The property has a very spacious feel with an open plan lounge/kitchen dining area, with the kitchen having ... More details
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- Swindon (Wilts) (1.2 miles)
- Kemble (13.8 miles)
Marketed by Atwell Martin, SN1. Call 01793 744834


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Companies in South Carolina
Business type: Event organizer ×
Employees number: 1-10 ×
Location: USA ×
Location: South Carolina ×
BioEnergy Events and Services (BEES)
based in Lyon, FRANCE
BEES organises exhibitions and conferences worldwide for bioenergy – covering solid, liquid and gaseous bioenergy. Industrious and with a determined focus on portraying the industry in its strongest and most dynamic light, BEES strives to get things done bioenergy
Media Generation Group
based in Harrogate, UNITED KINGDOM
The Media Generation Group organises and invests in international trade exhibitions and conferences. Based in Harrogate, North Yorkshire, UK, the Group was established in 2001 as a spin-off from Spearhead Exhibitions. It has since established a strong track record for developing a range of high profile international business-to-business events. These have a deserved ...
NEW-CUE, Inc.
based in Sparkill, NEW YORK (USA)
NEW-CUE, Inc. is a non-profit, environmental education organization founded primarily to assist writers and educators who are dedicated to enhancing the public`s awareness of environmental issues.
International Electronics Recycling Conference & Expo
based in North Hollywood, CALIFORNIA (USA)
The ideal networking platform for business owners, Executives, Entrepreneurs, IT managers, electronics manufacturers, recycling firms, recycling associations, Government solid waste officials, academia and more.
Réseau Environnement
based in Montréal, QUEBEC (CANADA)
Réseau Environnement is a non-profit organization resulting from the merger of two associations created more than 50 years ago. The organization relies on the membership of over 2,700 members, including 350 companies, 250 municipalities, and approximately 20 governmental and parapublic agencies. Its mission is to promote best practices and innovation in environment. ...
BSDHUB Bolivian Sustainable Development Hub
based in La Paz, BOLIVIA
Bolivian Sustainable Development Hub (BSDH) is an international network organization for the implementation of sustainable and environmental projects in Bolivia with expertize mainly from the Nordic countries. Our main areas of work are solutions to cope with mitigation and adaptation to climate change in both urban and rural areas in Bolivia and South America. Our aims ...
Communitelligence, Inc.
based in Fountain Hills, NEW YORK (USA)
Communitelligence Inc. is a communications and marketing consultancy with an emphasis on Web and New Media solutions. It hosts conferences and webinars on key corporate communications, marketing & public relations issues and trends. Communitelligence uniquely helps large and small companies develop strategies and channels to communicate and market better by assembling ...
based in Upton upon Severn, UNITED KINGDOM
Energyspex is the leading information and service provider to the worldwide energy industry. Our principal business objective is to provide networking solutions and strategic communications designed to facilitate continued growth and development in all areas of the global energy sector. Energyspex specialises in the delivery of premier industry conferences, trade ...
MiaGreen Expo and Conference 2015 - 7th Edition
based in FLORIDA (USA)
The 7th edition of the MiaGreen Expo & Conference -The Green Convention of the Americas- takes place on February 11 & 12, 2015 in Miami, Florida at the fully renovated Miami Airport Convention Center (MACC). MiaGreen Expo & Conference is the only trade show and conference based in the USA focused on Sustainability and Renewables targeting domestic and international major ...
Recycling Energy Forum LLC
based in Miami, Florida, FLORIDA (USA)
Our mission is to make purposeful connections for Organizations that create solutions for a clean and healthy world. We do this by providing a digital online platform, producing exhibitions and conferences, developing marketing solutions, and consulting services worldwide.Recycling Energy Forum is bringing recycle and alternative / renewable energy companies together with ...
Need help finding the right suppliers?
Let the XPRTs do the work for you


text:
Stories By Nicole Tan
123 Jul 2015 Thu
NauticAWT debuts on SGX Catalist Board
The counter opened at 35 cents, or about 75 per cent higher than its initial public offering price of 20 cents.
223 Jul 2015 Thu
Keppel Corp's Q2 net profit falls 2.3%
Net profit came in at S$397 million for the three months ended in June, down from S$406 million a year ago.
322 Jul 2015 Wed
Video Singapore will benefit from development of Maritime Silk Road: Observers
Observers say the greater connectivity will boost trade and investment flows throughout Southeast Asia, and that Singapore businesses are well-positioned to tap these opportunities, considering its role as a hub for shipping and trade, infrastructure, tourism and finance.
421 Jul 2015 Tue
Video MAS initiatives to help Singaporeans manage their finances better
These include the Total Debt Servicing Ratio on property purchases, restrictions on housing and motor vehicle loans, the introduction of special savings bonds and facilitating easier and wider access to corporate bonds and exchange traded funds.
521 Jul 2015 Tue
First Singapore Savings Bond to be issued on Oct 1: MAS
Retail investors will be able to apply for the Singapore Savings Bond from Sep 1, said MAS.
621 Jul 2015 Tue
Video Singapore's economic growth unlikely to weaken further: MAS
MAS and MTI are reviewing growth forecast for 2015, while inflation for the full year is likely to come in at the lower half of the -0.5% to +0.5% forecast range.
716 Jul 2015 Thu
Video Singapore banks expected to report slight increase in Q2 profits
However, banking analysts say that while rising interest rates are likely to boost loan margins, interest income may be hurt by higher credit costs and slower loans growth.
810 Jul 2015 Fri
Video Asia's economic growth to bring new opportunities to local businesses: President Tony Tan
President Tony Tan adds that the country must be adaptable to change to stay relevant while the growth prospects present business opportunities for Singapore.
909 Jul 2015 Thu
Video POSB to launch Baby Bonus Child Development Account with 2% interest rate
Parents can open their CDAs with POSB from July 13. UOB has also said it will launch its CDA with a 2 per cent interest rate.
1007 Jul 2015 Tue
Video Temasek portfolio value hits record high
The state investment firm's net portfolio value rose S$43 billion to a record S$266 billion for the financial year ending Mar 31.


text: We stayed for 6 nights in Room 29 on the 5th Floor. Spectacular views of the water, very comfortable bed & good quality furnishings. Clean, light & airy - a well presented self contained unit. Close to everything you could possibly need on your holiday as the shops are very close by. Mooloolaba & Maroochydore are a very short drive... More


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Kellen Winslow Jr. Learns the Hard That No Tweet Goes Unnoticed
Posted by Erik Manassy on Dec 4, 2013 in Player Tweets | 0 comments
Kellen Winslow Jr. is being called out for giving up, all because of a tweet. Rich Cimini wrote an article reporting about a tweet that Kellen had wrote about in response to Donte Stallworth, who he thinks will be in the AFC Championship game.
After Sunday's loss to the Miami Dolphins, tight end Kellen Winslow basically said the New York Jets are out of playoff contention. On Monday night, he took it a step further, tweeting his predictions for the AFC and NFC championships.
In a Twitter reply to free-agent wide receiver Donte Stallworth, Winslow said, "I got the pats vs broncos in AFC championship game and Panthers vs Seahawks in NFC championship," as first noted by Newsday.
Yes, he did NOT pick the Jets. Many people see that as an issue because he is essentially announcing that his team is done and he is throwing in the towel. ESPN
"We've lost three straight, so, obviously [that's] not good," he said. "But we'll go down swinging. We have to go to work. This is our job. It's not like the season is over. It might be record-wise, but it's still football. We still love it."
Always Keep Your Guard Up
Players have to be under constant watch on what they are tweeting and maybe he had his guard down. Maybe he was just chilling on his iPad with his kids and just having a basic conversation with a fellow NFLer.
Oh wait, he was judging from a tweet I found from his wife. The picture shows the TE in a restaurant holding his two children and what looks like working an iPad.
Enjoying a family dinner out… @KellenWinslowJr pic.twitter.com/GXBrgsrEDO
— Janelle Winslow (@Janelle_Winslow) December 3, 2013
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Generation of higher order pseudospectral integration matrices
ABSTRACT A new explicit expression of the higher order pseudospectral integration matrices is presented using an explicit formula for computing iterated integrals of Chebyshev polynomials. Applications to initial value problems, boundary value problems, linear integral and integro-differential equations are presented. The present numerical results are in satisfactory agreement with the exact solutions and show the advantages of this method to some other known methods.
- SourceAvailable from: Xiaojun Tang
[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
- "Subsequently, Elbarbary [4] presented a new approach for computing the same HPIM based on the exact relation between the Chebyshev polynomials and their derivatives. Recently, Elgindy [5] has derived the above HPIM using an explicit formula for the iterated integrals of Chebyshev polynomials. The motivation of this paper is to provide two new HPIMs for the Chebyshev–Gauss (CG) and flipped Chebyshev–Gauss–Radau (FCGR) points, respectively, and present an exact, efficient, and stable approach for computing the HPIMs. "
ABSTRACT: The main purpose of this work is to provide new higher-order pseudospectral integration matrices (HPIMs) for the Chebyshev-type points, and present an exact, efficient, and stable approach for computing the HPIMs. The essential idea is to reduce the computation of HPIMs to that of higher-order Chebyshev integration matrices (HCIMs), and take a very simple and recursive way to compute the HCIMs efficiently and stably. Extensive numerical results show that the new approach for computing the HPIMs has better stability than that of the recently derived Elgindy's approach for large number of Chebyshev-type points.Applied Mathematics and Computation 06/2015; 261. DOI:10.1016/j.amc.2015.03.090 · 1.60 Impact Factor
- "Elbarbary (2007) presented a modification of the El- Gendi successive integration matrix in (El-Gendi et al., 1992) which yields more accurate results than those computed by El-Gendi matrix in solving problems. Finally, Elgindy (2009) developed a new explicit expression of the higher order pseudo-spectral integration matrices. Applications to initial value problems, boundary value problems and linear integral and integro-differential equations are presented. "
Article: A Numerical Solution for One-dimensional Parabolic Equation Using Pseudo-spectral Integration Matrix and FDM
[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
- "(iii) Greengard and Rokhlin [22] showed that the integral equation formulation, when applied to twopoint boundary value problems (TPBVPs) for instance, is insensitive to boundary layers, insensitive to end-point singularities , and leads to small condition numbers while achieving high computational efficiency. (iv) The use of integration for constructing the spectral approximations improves the rate of convergence of the spectral interpolants, and allows the multiple boundary conditions to be incorporated more efficiently [19]–[21], [23]. These useful features in addition to the promising results obtained by Elgindy and Smith-Miles [20], [21] motivate us to apply the Gegenbauer integration scheme for approximating the underlying dynamical system of the CTOCP. "
ABSTRACT: In this paper we describe a novel direct optimization method using Gegenbauer-Gauss (GG) collocation for solving continuous-time optimal control (OC) problems (CTOCPs) with nonlinear dynamics, state and control constraints. The time domain is mapped onto the interval [0; 1], and the dynamical system formulated as a system of ordinary differential equations is transformed into its integral formulation through direct integration. The state and the control variables are fully parameterized using Gegenbauer expansion series with some unknown Gegenbauer spectral coefficients. The proposed Gegenbauer transcription method (GTM) then recasts the performance index, the reduced dynamical system, and the constraints into systems of algebraic equations using optimal Gegenbauer quadratures. Finally, the GTM transcribes the infinite-dimensional OC problem into a parameter nonlinear programming (NLP) problem which can be solved in the spectral space; thus approximating the state and the control variables along the entire time horizon. The high precision and the spectral convergence of the discrete solutions are verified through two OC test problems with nonlinear dynamics and some inequality constraints. The present GTM offers many useful properties and a viable alternative over the available direct optimization methods.


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Dell's stock soars on report of possible buyout
Dell's stock soared 13 percent Monday on a report that the struggling personal computer maker is in talks to take the company private.
Bloomberg News said Dell has discussed a potential sale with at least two firms that specialize in buying companies whose stocks have fallen out of favor. The report didn't name the interested firms.
Dell Inc., based in Round Rock, Texas, declined to comment.
Any effort to take the company private would probably require the backing of Dell CEO and founder Michael Dell. He is the company's largest shareholder with a 15.7 percent stake.
A buyout would be expensive, despite a 30 percent drop in Dell's share price during the past year. Before buyout speculation drove up the stock price Monday afternoon, Dell's market value stood at about $19 billion.
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Lane Bryant's July 4th Celebration is host to savings of up to 40-50% sitewide. Shop for apparel, and accessories for sizes 14-28. Some exclusions apply, see site for details. Sale ends 07/09/2008.
* Hot deals expire quickly. This deal may no longer be valid.
Have a little one that's ready to move up to a twin bed? Consider this Legare Flower Power Purple & White Twin Bedroom Set from Home Depot. Regularly priced at $1,499, it's now just $374.75 and includes the twin-bed, dresser, bookshelf, and kids desk. This sale is only valid while supplies last through 10/25/2015. Order right away to ensure snagging one for your little one!
Stores: 20x200, 6pm, Amazon, Apple Store, American Eagle, Banana Republic, Best Buy
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The Last Resort
No prices found through our partners. Please contact the business directly or check some of our recommended alternatives.
TripAdvisor Reviews The Last Resort Corozal
Travel Blogs from Corozal
Special Entry - Addy's Orphanage
... her. I would imagine so - that is all she knew until she entered our lives, and who would not miss such a spunky little girl.
The pictures are such a treasure. There are no captions or dates - we can only assume when they are from and what was going on at the time. We are so thankful for these pictures! ...
Dr Update, July 4th, and Cousins
... he insisted he give her half of his pound cake - she of course loved it), and danced around in her tutu from Auntie Kelly.
On Sunday, we went to have lunch at Nana's, where Addy met some more cousins. So sweet to see them play together. She did so well! Yesterday, we decided to try playing in the kiddie pool. We put her in her little bathing suit and dropped her in. Tears! Oh no! We were certain she would instantly love it ...
Hard Eight Texas BBQ
Our first stop on the road to South America was an overnight in Dallas, Texas on Spencer's B-day. So, I scouted out a famous BBQ place that was close to the airport and our hotel - Hard Eight Texas BBQ was it! We ordered a tray of meat - seriously. We chose a sampler tray of different meat including; beef brisket, chicken jalapeno poppers, spicy sausage, and some beef skewers plus we added corn on the cobb. Everyone's favorite was the beef ...
Loving the R&R
... the rain. But, David (the landlord) said that the township sprays for mosquitoes. They have trucks that go up and down all the roads/streets and spray. Plus, they have been doubling up on their schedule because of the rainfall. We have gone for walks every day and have not been bothered by mosquitoes. Not even tonight when we walked home from the restaurant at dusk. Well, better call it a night. Here are a couple more pictures for you to enjoy. Until ...
Dallas Smells
... It also smells bad.
That night we visited the west end, where former warehouses have now been converted to trendy restaurants and bars. We had Tex-Mex at a restaurant/bar called Gators, where they had karaoke later that night. For some reason everyone seemed really impressed with my take on Lonely Boy by The Black Keys. A black guy even fist bumped me after the performance, so it must have been ...
Other places to stay in Corozal
Princess Hotel & Casino Free Zone1 Freedom Avenue, Corozal | Hotelfrom $65
Maruba Resort Jungle Spa40 1/2 Mile Old Northern Highway, Maskall | 4 star hotelfrom $166
The Sea Breeze Hotel#23, 1st Avenue, Corozal Town | Hotelfrom $18
Copa Banana409 Bay Shore Drive, Corozal Town | Hotelfrom $55
Hotel MayaSouth End, Corozal Town | Hotelfrom $20
Mirador HotelCor.4th Avenue & 1st Street South, Corozal Town | Hotelfrom $35
The Inn At Corozal BayAlmond Dr., Corozal Town | Hotelfrom $55
Casa Blanca by the Sea HotelConsejo Village , Corozal | Hotelfrom $112


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(813): View more from Florida
watching my parents drink 4 loko out of usf cups playing pool and rocking out to ACDC...
Tap Here to view the Mobile Optimized TFLN
watching my parents drink 4 loko out of usf cups playing pool and rocking out to ACDC...
He spanked me with a plate. I'm not sure where this is going...
right. well i dont plan on getting laid till i find a respectable girl that i can make unrespectable
just fucked my old babysitter, gotta love block parties
After all you put him through, I think it was only right that you saluted the bartender when you left.
I just found ouut you can get a DUI in a kayak. Fuck.
Yes i believe i did use that word. It culminated in a man wearing a corset thigh highs and stripper shoes. All mine btw.
all she had left on were here heels. phone five
or how I got to mom's but there is vomit on my shoes. I never thought i'd be recapping with her.
let's put it this way: i'm gonna stop drinking and get a gym membership. she's that hot
I wish I could put booze in boobs and store it for later. I wouldn't need a flask. For $7000, they should do amazing things like that.
just saw 2 fat kids fight for the last slice of pizza. Litteraly fight. God Bless America
I saw the video from Saturday. So, how much did I drink for me to think I was a duck and strip my clothes?
You know you had a bad blackout when you forget you held the stanley cup.
I couldn't tell if those girls from the bar were lesbians or just awesome


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County Attorney Vince Ryan Sues Apartment Complex for Harboring Crime
Harris County attorney Vince Ryan is asking a court to force a southwest-side apartment complex to beef up its security measures because it is currently a hazard to residents.
Ryan's office has filed against the owners of the 251-unit Point at the Southwest, in the 11500 block of Keegans Ridge Road near Beltway 8 and U.S. 59.
The suit requests that the complex be ordered to "hire additional security guards, install surveillance cameras, screen prospective tenants, improve security lighting and repair dilapidated fencing and gates," Ryan's office says.
As it stands now, the complex "harbors criminal activity, drug offenses and robberies," the office says. From May 2010 to April 2012, HPD responded to more than 300 calls at the complex, Ryan's office says.
Joining the action are the management district from Brays Oaks, Sharpstown and Spring Branch.
It's the latest in an ongoing effort by county officials to target criminal hotspots through injunctions and other forms of court relief.
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$9.99In this entertaining history of the jetliner, Jay Spenser traces aviation's challenges from the outset, and follows the flow of the simple yet powerful ideas that led us to defy gravity. Here are the pioneers—innovators such as Otto Lilienthal, Igor Sikorsky, Louis Blériot, Hugo Junkers, and Jack Northrop—whose amazing contributions collectively solved the puzzle of flight. Along the way, Spenser
Creating the World's First Jumbo Jet and Other Adventures from a Life in Aviation747 is the thrilling story behind "the Queen of the Skies"—the Boeing 747—as told by Joe Sutter, one of the most celebrated engineers of the twentieth century, who spearheaded its design and construction. Sutter's vivid narrative takes us back to a time when American technology was cutting-edge and jet travel was still glamorous and new. With wit and warmth, he gives an insider's sense of the
From Runway to Orbit: Reflections of a NASA Engineer - Revelations about the Space Shuttle, Challenger Accident, X-15, Lifting Body Program, NASP, Hypersonics and the X-33 (NASA SP 2004-4109)This official NASA history document - converted for accurate flowing-text e-book format reproduction - is a fascinating account by the former chief scientist of the Dryden Flight Research Center of the major space and aeronautical developments of the last 40 years, including the Space Shuttle, X-15, X-33, the lifting body program, the National Aerospace Plane (NASP), and other hypersonic research
Hypersonics Before the Shuttle: A Concise History of the X-15 Research Airplane - History of the Design, Development, Operations, and Lessons LearnedThis official NASA history document - converted for accurate flowing-text e-book format reproduction - provides a comprehensive, readable history of the famous X-15 program. The introduction states: "Although it is usually heralded as the most productive flight research program ever undertaken, no serious history has been assembled to capture its design, development, operations, and lessons. This
$2.99Nearly everyone is curious about what makes sailplanes fly with confidence-giving predictability. Joe Dobronski has risen to the challenge with this master work that will satisfy many aspects of your curiosity. His prose is in a fun-to-read storyteller style, while introducing you to what makes a glider fly and how modern day gliders, now called sailplanes because of their high performance that
The Wind and Beyond: A Documentary Journey into the History of Aerodynamics in America, Volume 1 - The Ascent of the AirplaneAirplane travel is surely one of the most significant technological achievements of the last century. The impact of the airplane goes far beyond the realm of the history of technology and touches upon virtually every aspect of society, from economics to politics to engineering and science. While space exploration often claims more public glory than aeronautics research, many more individuals have
Gun Digest Book of the .22 RifleEverything You Need to Know About America's Favorite Rifles! Small-Bore Rimfire Ammunition Choosing a Rifle The Semi-Automatic Rifle The Bolt-Action Competition Rifle Accurate Shooting Cleaning, Maintenance & Care Range, Lethality & Performance Hunting & Varmint Shooting Modern Competitive Shooting
Charles Lindbergh: The Lone Eagle Soared High And LowA biographical profile of Charles Lindbergh, the American Lone Eagle. Lindbergh was not ready for stardom, and therein lies the story, like a quintessential Greek tragedy where the hero suffers a serious misfortune which is connected to his actions, demonstrating humankind's vulnerability to suffering brought about by human and divine intervention. Lindbergh became interested in flight when
Gun Digest Book of Classic Combat HundgunsFor the collector, shooter, or fan of combat handguns, the Gun Digest Book of Classic Combat Handguns is a must-have resource. The Gun Digest Book of Classic Combat Handguns is an absolutely unique compilation of articles celebrating the greatest combat pistols of all time, as they originally appeared in the world's greatest firearms annual, Gun Digest, from 1944 to present. Presented by the
Gun Digest Book of the .22 RifleEverything You Need to Know About America's Favorite Rifles! Small-Bore Rimfire AmmunitionChoosing a Rifle The Semi-Automatic Rifle The Bolt-Action Competition Rifle Accurate Shooting Cleaning, Maintenance & Care Range, Lethality & Performance Hunting & Varmint Shooting Modern Competitive Shooting