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It seems that the more scientists know about our brains, the more they still need to learn. Our brains are a complicated tangle of neurons and glial cells that control everything we do, from blinking and breathing to cooking and playing video games. What researchers have found is that we can make our brains stronger and more adept at doing the myriads of tasks we ask it to do each day. Here are five ways you can boost your brain power.
Ways to boost your brain power
Challenge yourself
Many of us get stuck in a rut, and so our brains do, too. We follow the same routine each day. We eat the same things. We go to work the same way. We do the same job. We watch the same television shows. However, research shows that when we shake things up a bit, our brains respond and work better.
Seek out a different way to do your daily tasks. Drive to work a different way, take up a new card game, read a different type of literature than you are used to, or do a crossword puzzle. "When you seek novelty, several things are going on," says Andrea Kuszewski, a researcher with METODO Social Sciences Institute, the U.S. branch of METODO Transdisciplinary Research Group on Social Sciences, based in Bogotá, Colombia. "First of all, you are creating new synaptic connections with every new activity you engage in. These connections build on each other, increasing your neural activity, creating more connections to build on other connections—learning is taking place."
Other ways to create more of those brain connections are by learning a foreign language, learning to play an instrument, or learning another new skill. Challenge yourself to walk backwards (do this in a safe place), or to write with your less dominate hand. And here's some good news for gamers! A recent study by the University College London (UCL) and Queen Mary University of London measured the cognitive flexibility — or the ability to adapt and switch between tasks and think about multiple ideas at a given time to solve problems — of 72 volunteers.
Two groups of participants (who were all women because they did not have enough male volunteers who were not already experienced gamers) were trained to play different versions of a real-time strategy game called StarCraft. A third group played the life simulation game, The Sims, which does not require as much use of memory or as many tactics to play. The results showed that the women who played StarCraft were better and quicker at performing cognitive flexibility tasks, than those who played The Sims. According to UCL Professor Brad Love, the study results show that cognitive flexibility can be trained and improved with gaming.
Exercising your body helps your brain
It stands to reason that exercise is good for your body, but did you know that it helps your brain as well?
Charles Hillman, a professor at the University of Illinois, found in a 2009 study that moderate exercise (30 minutes for adults and 20 minutes for children) can result in a 5 percent to 10 percent improvement in cognitive skills. Research also suggests that regular exercise could have long-term benefits, including possibly delaying the start of Alzheimer's disease.
Without regular exercise, plaque can build up in the arteries and blood vessels, a leading cause of heart attacks. Plaque buildup reduces the amount of oxygen and nutrients that the blood is able to carry to the brain, compromising brain function. Aerobic exercise, including activities such as running, brisk walking, swimming and dancing, is the best for raising levels of brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF), a protein that encourages neurons to grow.
Brain food
Scientists have found that what you eat affects your brain. Omega-3 fatty acids, found in food such as wild salmon, anchovies, mackerel, chunk light tuna, dark leafy green vegetables and walnuts, are linked to brain development and a lower risk of depression. In addition, eating foods that have a healthy amount of fat helps our long-term memory.
According to Larry McCleary, M.D., author of the book The Brain Trust Program, we should eat fresh fruits, veggies, and lean proteins and avoid trans fats and high-fructose corn syrup for optimal brain health.
Another way to keep your brain powered up is by adding some spice to your diet. A spoonful of cinnamon or a dash of sage, cumin or cilantro can help ward off memory loss, for example.
Your mom knew what she was doing when she made you eggs for breakfast. Eggs are a great source of B vitamins, which enable our nerve cells to burn glucose; antioxidants, which protect neurons against damage; and omega-3 fatty acids, which keep our nerve cells going at optimal speed.
Stay hydrated
Our bodies are largely made of water, so it makes sense that our brains are, too. Scientists say our brains are 80 percent water, so if


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Wednesday 21 November 2012
Orhan Pamuk's Museum of Innocence is now a reality. Can we do something similar in London?
Walking through the streets of Istanbul, our Notebook writer came across a charming realisation of a literary idea. We should do some of that closer to home, too
Istanbul, where I recently spent my honeymoon, is a great walking city. You can turn down an unpromising-looking side street off the Istaklal Caddesi – the main shopping drag – and in minutes find yourself in a maze of trendy art and antique shops. One day we found ourselves in Cukurcuma Street, and noticed an oddly shaped, purple building before us. It was called The Museum of Innocence.
The name rang a bell. Wasn't that the title of a novel written by the Turkish writer Orhan Pamuk, after he won the Nobel Prize in 2006? It was. So had he used this magenta gallery for some metaphorical purpose? Inside, it took a while to realise what we were seeing, and how amazing it was.
The Museum is the book, solidified before you through a thousand physical details, arrayed inside glass vitrines. Box-camera photographs summon the lost childhood of the novel's protagonist, Kemal, and his posh parents in 1950s and 1960s Istanbul. Sewing machines, toys, scent bottles, cotton reels, identity cards, clocks, books of matches, pearls, stuffed birds, hurricane lamps and a million little objets from mantlepieces, bathroom cabinets, dressing tables and garages all contribute to the story of Kemal's seduction of a shop girl, Fusun, his later search to get her back, and his obsessive building of a shrine of objects to her memory.
It's a wonderful thing that, to appreciate this collection of resonant ephemera from the shores of the Bosphoros and the Golden Horn, you don't need to have read the book. You understand its tragic narrative arc by a kind of osmosis, by gazing in on the life told through these pathetic details. And you bring to it a narrative of your own, a nostalgia for your own past that makes, say, a Turkish quince grater from 1953 seem poignant and personal. The museum blends a bittersweet love story with a loving evocation of a city.
It's an extraordinary achievement by the Turkish master – and an egomaniacal one. Who would think of turning his own novel into a public museum? A few writers spring to mind. James Joyce would surely have applauded the idea, since he did something similar for Dublin: you can imagine 18 display cabinets for each of the 18 chapters of Ulysses. Gunter Grass lovingly evoked his native Danzig in his trilogy, Cat and Mouse, Dog Years and The Tin Drum.
But who has written a museum-novel that could evoke London? Where's the metro-fiction that's so textured and evocative that it could become a gallery of exhibits? Bleak House? Oliver Twist? Not really. Hangover Square? Too many teacups and antimacassars. London Fields? Too much darts. Brick Lane? Too niche. Absolute Beginners? White Teeth? Where's our home-grown Pamuk?
Graphic – but not real
Extraordinary to see graphic books turn up in two categories in the Costa Prize, among the novels and biographies. I wish I admired comic-strip fiction as the French do, but it always seems to me a bastard version of the real thing. As one shortlistee, Joff Winterhart, says, "My book isn't a novel in the conventional sense, it's a comic with pictures and speech boards." Quite.
Good novels are made of words, without drawings that helpfully show the expressions on characters' faces. It's cruel but true: illustrations in novels are for children, or those who have trouble keeping up.
Number of urban seagulls in Britain nearly quadruples: Hide food and avoid chicks to stay in gulls' good books
Weekend opt-out is stumbling block as BMA and NHS negotiate new consultant and junior doctor contracts
John Walsh
Casa Cruz, restaurant review: 'You'll wonder if you've come to Spearmint Rhino's W11 branch'
Classic novels pitched in 140 characters: Welcome to Quick Lit
Silo, restaurant review: 'Imagination, ambition, and purest-of-pure ingredients'
Hutong, restaurant review: Stunning sky high setting and intense, dramatic dishes
Taberna do Mercado, restaurant review: 'Nuno Mendes' new place is quite unlike the Firehouse'
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July 16, 1974 K. BECCU 3,824,131
NEGATIVE ELECTRQDE OF TITANIUM-NICKEL ALLOY HYDRI DE PHASE-S Filed April 6, 1972 ZOO Ti Ni Ti Ni Ti Ni Int. Cl. H01m 35/02 US. Cl. 136-20 7 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE An improved negative electrode in an electrochemical energy storage cell for generating electric current, comprising the negative electrode, an alkaline electrolyte and a positive oxygen or oxide electrode. The negative electrode comprises a porous body with a current conducting support and an active component providing reversible hydride formation by electrochemical charge and d1S- charge. The active component consists essentially of two coexistent alloy hydride phases in mutual contact along extensive phase boundaries throughout the component. Both, phases have a lattice structure formed essentially from" the titanium-nickel system, one phase having a bodycentered cubic structure and the other a face-centered cubic structure. Improved electrochemical discharge and recharge is provided by hydrogen transfer between the two phases.
This application is a continuation-in-part of my earlier co-pending application, Ser. No. 29,740, filed Apr. 24, 1970 now US. Pat. No. 3,669,745, which is a streamlined continuation of Ser. No. 726,234 filed May 2, 1968 now abandoned.
The invention relates to the field of storage systems for electric energy and particularly to a negative electrode for use in storage cells for the generation of electric energy by electrochemical reaction of oxygen and hydrogen, the latter being stored in the negative electrode.
In my prior pending US. patent application identified above, there has been disclosed an alkaline accumulator having a negative hydrogen-storage electrode comprising an electrochemically active component forming between 40 arid 70% by weight of the electrode body. The active component consists of a hydride of at least one transition metal of Groups III, IV and V, alloyed with a least one additional metal selected from the group consisting of Ni, Cu, Ag, Fe'and Cr-Ni-steel, said additional metal is diffused into themetallic hydride, the hydrogen being bound interstitially in the hydride and a current-conducting support being embedded in the electrode body. This active component allows high reversible, electrochemical hydrogen storage and thus provides a high specific energy storage capacity.
The present invention is directed to improvements with a view to ensuring a high energy storage capacity while fulfilling various requirements with regard to load characteristics and electrode lifetime, according to the intended use of the storage cell.
United States Patent Thus, one object of the invention is to provide for maximum storage capacity with repeated, high current discharge of relatively short duration, as is required in starter (SL1) batteries for example. Another object is to ensure a high storage capacity with often repeated charge/discharge cycles. 1
The present invention provides for a negative electrode for'use in an energy storage cell comprising an alkaline electrolyte and a positive oxygen or oxide electrode, said negative electrode comprising a porous electrode body ice with a current-conducting support and an active component providing reversible hydride formation by electrochemical charge and discharge, wherein said active component consists essentially of two coexistent alloy hydride phases each having a lattice structure formed essentially from the titanium-nickel system, one of said two phases having a body-centered cubic structure, the other phase having a face-centered cubic structure, and both said phases being in mutual contact along phase boundaries, extending throughout said component, whereby to provide improved electrochemical discharge and re-' charge by hydrogen transfer between the said two phases.
This improved electrode is of the general type disclosed in my copending application, with titanium and nickel as the main constituents of the active component. According to the phase diagram of the Ti-Ni alloy system, the two phases TiNi and Ti Ni are coexistent over a major portion of the composition range with a titanium content of 40 to by weight. These phases respectively have a bodycentered and face-centered crystal structure and their coexistence, with extensive common phase boundaries throughout the active component, has been found to provide a particular result, especially with regard to improved hydrogen transfer during electrochemical discharge and recharge in a storage cell.
For a further understanding of the present invention, reference is made to the single figure of the drawing.
This figure shows an experimental curve giving measured values of the specific energy storage capacity (q a.h./ kg.) as a function of the composition of the fully hydrogenated Ti-Ni alloy system when it is used as the electrochemically active component in a negative electrode of a storage cell.
This curve was obtained with electrode samples having an active component with a composition covering the whole range from 0 to Ti and the specific capacity q of each electrode was measured by cycling in a conventional half-cell test arrangement, using 6 N KOH as electrolyte.
The electrode samples were prepared in the following manner: For each sample, a mixture of titanium hydride powder and nickel powder was first prepared. The composition of the sample mixtures was made to vary by steps of 5 wt. percent in the amount of titanium-hydride so as to cover the whole composition range of Ti-Ni alloys.
Each powder mixture was sintered at 800-850 C. under vacuum (10- Torr) and then slowly cooled down to ambient temperature in the presence of hydrogen with a high degree of purity, so as to obtain a sintered body consisting of fully hydrogentated Ti-Ni alloy. This body was then crushed and screened, under hydrogen, to a particle size less than 33 The alloy hydride powder thus obtained was then used to form the electrode sample by mixing with copper powder in a ratio of about 3:2 parts by weight, coldpressing in a mould, then hot-pressing at about 600 C. at 3 tons/cmF, in an inert gas atmosphere (argon) for about 3 minutes and subsequent cooling, under argon, so
as to obtain a porous, disc-shaped electrode sample com- 4 prising about one gram of the said alloy hydride.
When determining the specific capacity in the half-cell test arrangernent, discharge was measured under galvanostatic conditions with a current flow of 50 ma. between the negative electrode sample and a positivenickel counter-electrode, while the discharge was terminated when the sample electrode reached the limit of its useful po-; tential, namely at a switch-off potential of 700 mvQ,
with respect to a Hg/HgO reference electrode. The potential of the fully charged electrode was -980 my. with reference to Hg/HgO.
The Specific Storage p y q was determined in each Case from the P duct of the constant discharge current and the measured discharge time, divided by the weight of alloy hydride powder in the electrode sample.
This experimental curve gives the averaged values of q for a large number of samples and for several discharge/recharge cycles. These values thus represent the energy which may be stored in, and restituted by, the electrode samples during reversible electrochemical charge and discharge in an alkaline electrolyte.
It may be readily seen that these experimental values for reversible electrochemical energy storage in alloy hydrides cannot be correlated with the maximum hydrogen-uptake from the gas phase, of the metals used in the allo s.
Irideed, it is a well known fact that the titanium lattice can take up a very great amount of hydrogen (about 460 N cc. per gram) whereas nickel has a practically negligible capacity for storing hydrogen. Hence one might expect that the titanium content is the determining factor for electrochemical hydrogen storage in a titanium-nickel alloy.
However, the bell-shaped experimental curve shows that the energy storage capacity q, which evidently depends on the amount of hydrogen which can be reversibly stored and restituted by electrochemical charge and discharge, shows no obvious relationship to the titanium content of the alloy.
Indeed, as is seen from this curve, after reaching a peak value of about 300 a.h./kg., the effective specific capacity q, in the useful potential test range between about 980 and -700- mv. with reference to the Hg/HgO electrode, rapidly decreases with increasing titanium content and finally tends to zero at 100% Ti.
According to the phase diagram for the Ti-Ni system, the alloy phase TiNi, which has a B -type body-centered cubic structure, occurs at 45 wt. percent Ti while the alloy phase Ti Ni, which has a E9 -type face-centered cubic structure, occurs at 62-65 wt. percent Ti.
The range of coexistence of these two phases extends between 45 wt. percent Ti and 65 wt. percent Ti and, as may be readily seen from the experimental curve, the specific energy storage capacity increases steeply as the titanium content rises above 45 wt. percent (TiNi phase), reaches a peak value at about 57 wt. percent-Ti, and then falls steeply once more as the titanium content increases to 6265 wt. percent (Ti Ni phase).
In other words, the peak value of the storage capacity q lies roughly in the middle of the said range of coexistence of the TiNi and Ti Ni phases, while q has values of only about one half of this peak value at the limits of this range, i.e. when only one of the said phases is present, and gradually falls to zero outside these limits, i.e. as the titanium content tends to and 100% respectively. The latter result at 100% Ti is most unexpected in view of the above explanations and clearly demonstrates that pure titanium has no useful electrochemical energy storage capacity and that the titanium content, per se, is not as significant as might have been expected on the basis of the high ability of titanium to take up hydrogen from the gas phase. Indeed, it may be noted in this respect, that the value of q is roughly the same at both ends of said range, i.e. for alloys which are richer in nickel on one hand and in titanium on the other.
Investigation of the structure of the electrode samples has clearly shown that, in the said range between 45 and 65 wt. percent Ti, the TiNi and Ti Ni phases are both present and are in mutual contact along common phase boundaries throughout the alloy hydride particles which form the electrochemically active component of the porous, sintered electrode samples.
In view of the unexpectedly high storage capacities which were achieved in the said range of coexistence of the TiNi and Ti Ni phases, a phenomena of interaction between these phases apparently occurs during electrochemical discharge and recharge of the electrode samples.
In the course of electrochemical dehydrogenation, the
following phases were found to be present in various combinations depending on the composition of the active component: Ti NiH Ti NiH; Ti NiH TiNiH and TiNi. Thus, for example, in the case of electrode samples with the above-mentioned 57-43 mixture composition, the following charge/ discharge behaviour was determined in the binary phase mixture forming the active component:
Ti Ni+TiNi Ti NiH +TiNiH Investigation of the individual phases, i.e. of each of Charge: Discharge:
the phases in the absence of the other, showed that TiNi can be electrochemically charged and discharged in a fully reversible manner whereas the Ti Ni phase alone can only be electrochemically charged to the hydride phase Ti NiH and discharged to Ti NiH.
It may thus be seen that the simultaneous presence of both the Ti Ni and TiNi phases in close contact in the active component, leads to a significant change in the behaviour of the Ti Ni phase during electrochemical charge and discharge.
This interaction of the phase could also be clearly demonstrated by capacity measurements, using the halfcell arrangement as described above. Thus, electrode samples with only the Ti Ni phase in the active component provide a measured specific capacity of only 150 a.h./kg., whereas samples having binary phase mixtures as the active component consistently provide higher measured specific capacities with a peak value of about 300' a.h./kg. at a composition with about 57 wt. percent Ti. The decrease of the specific capacity q as the titanium content of the active component increases beyond 57 wt. percent, clearly shows that an interaction between the coexistent TiNi and Ti 'Ni phases, rather than the titanium content, per se, of the active component, is the critical factor with regard to high reversible, electrochemical energy storage.
It may be noted that the measured peak values of the specific capacities correspond, within a small margin of error, to the theoretical values calculated on the basis of the composition and the observed charge/discharge behaviour of the phase mixture, as described above.
This may be illustrated by considering the electrode samples having an active component prepared from a powder mixture with 57% TiH 43% Ni by weight, which provides, after sintering, a phase mixture with 63% Ti Ni and 37% TiNi.
The theoretical specific capacity available between Ti NiH and Ti NiH is equal to 430-=345 a.h./ kg.,/\l :hile that available between TiNiH and TiNi is 250 a.h. g.
Hence, the theoretically calculated specific capacity of the said phase mixture may be given as follows:
0.63 X 345+0.37 250:314 a.h./kg.
It may thus be seen that a most significant electrochem ical energy storage elfect is achieved in the Ti-Ni-H sysq beingabout 310 tern when the active component is a binary phase mixture comprising one alloy hydride phase with a body-centered ubic'"structureofthe TiNi type (i.e. B and the other alloy hydride. phasewith a face-centered cubic structure of-th'e Ti Ni type'(ie. E9
'Fh "sharp ris'e of the electrode capacity within the co ex i's'te e range ofthesephases isapparently due to phase iiiter lac'tiofi which is critical significance with regard to hydrogen transreraunn' electrochemical hydrogenation and dehydrogenationi Ir'rthis interaction, the TiNi-type phase apparentl also provides a significant catalytic effeet which ensufes'i naximu m transfer of hydrogen to and from the Ti Ni-typefphase This, phase interaction thus provides greatly improved reversible electrochemical eiiergystorage with a specific capacity which is substantially higher than that of either of said phases alone.
j above-mentioned samples were prepared in the labbra't ory'underfthe strictest conditions, especially with to purity'of the metals. The use of titanium hydii'de (Til-I5), as described, has the advantage that this material is commercially available at reasonable cost and moreover is well suited for providing pure titanium for allbying with nickel during the sintering step. Although theehoi'ceof the exact sintering temperature is not critical, temperatures below 900 C; are preferred, since melting of the Ti N-i phase (at 984 C.) must be avoided in order to ensure formation of the desired binary phase mixture.
It may be noted, however, that titanium hydride is dehydrogenated during the sintering step and that the hydrog'en necessary for forming the hydrides of the alloy phases is incorporated in the alloy lattices during subsequent cooling under hydrogen. It may thus be seen that the use of titanium in hydride form is not indispensable for forming the-desired alloyhydride phases. The use of comminuted titanium sponge may thus also be contemplated, for ex-- a'mple,.for preparing the active component.
It may further be noted that the active component of the said electrode samples was consistently prepared in the laboratory under high vacuum, during sintering, and in thejpresence of hydrogen during subsequent cooling.
It has been found, however, that when the active component is prepared under less strict conditions, the lattice of theqalloy hydride phases may contain a certain amount of'oxygen.
An investigation of the lattice structure showed that oxygen incorporated in the alloyhydride phases modifies the.lattice-changes'during cycling. Moreover, electrochemical ptests have further shown that this medication may substantially, influence the cycling behavior of the electrodes.
Themeasuredjncrease of the lattice-parameter during hydrogenation of the oxygen-free phases is 0.6 A. for the Ti Ni phase and 0.3 A. for the TiNi phase.
However, when oxygen was present in a concentration ofaboirt 1.5% by weigh-tinthe phase lattices of the active component, it wasfound that the-increase of the lattice parameter 'of the; -Ti Ni .phase may amount to 0.35 A., so that' the difference between the lattice expansions of the two phases is substantially reduced. Various cycling tests with samples having different oxygen content in the alloy phases have 'c'learl y shown that the electrode lifetime duringcycling is substantially improved as the oxygen content of the active componentis increased up to the said valueof-abbut'1;5-%"by weight,
'The 'said investigationand cycling test have shown that a substantial storage effectfa nd high cycling life may be achieved when the-said binary'phase mixture of the active componnt o f the electrode has an oxygen content prefer ably of about 6 atipercent.
The above-mentioned investigations were further extended to variousfiternar'y intermetallic systems formed mainly from the Ti-Ni system andfurther including an additional metal as a substitute for a small part of the titanium or nickel content in both phases of the active cd'fnponentiIt'wasfound that certain such ternary systems provide an active component consisting of a similar binary phase mixture having the same two types of alloy hydride phases with body-centered and face-centered cubic structures respectively.
Electrochemical tests moreover showed that similar results could be obtained with regard to reversible hydride formation in the active component obtained from such ternary systems.
Thus, for example, up to 25 atom percent of the titanium content of each phase of the active component may be replaced by zirconium or chromium. The corresponding maximum content of the metal substitute in the active component would then be 25 wt. percent for zirconium and 10 Wt. percent for chromium.
It was found that such substitutions can provide further improvement of the specific capacity q of the active component.
Moreover, up to 25 atom percent of the nickel content of both phases of the active component may be replaced by copper, cobalt or iron and it was found that such substitutions can provide improvement of the electrode lifetime, which may be due to higher overall ductility of the active component. The corresponding content by weight of the substitute in the active component would then be about 10 wt. percent for Cu as well as Co and Fe.
It may thus be seen that the said two existent alloy hydride phases, which constitute the active component of the electrode according to the present invention, must be mainly formed from or determined by the Ti-Ni system, but need not contain these two metals exclusively. The invention further relates to a method of manufacturing a negative electrode providing reversible electrochemical hydride formation in an energy storage cell for generating electric current.
This method comprises the steps of:
preparing a homogeneous powder mixture comprising two metallic constiuents, at least a major part of one of the said constituents consisting of titanium and said one constituent forming between 45% and 65% by weight of the said mixture, and at least a major part of the other of the said two constituents consisting of nickel;
subjecting the said powder mixture to prolong sintering so as to provide complete interdiffusion of the said constituents and formation of two given alloy phases of said constituents, said phases being in mutual contact throughout the sintered mixture; and
forming a porous electrode of desired shape, during or after said sintering, said body comprising an electrochemically active component formed of said two alloy phases and further including a current-conducting support within said electrode body.
In this method, the use of a powder mixture wherein said one constituent forms between 45% and 65% by weight of the mixture, as well as prolonged sintering of this mixture, ensure formation of the desired binary mixture for providing the electrochemically active component of the electrode. After sintering, the alloy body may be cooled down gradually in a hydrogen atmosphere so as to provide complete hydrogenation of the said alloy phases and transformation thereof to corresponding alloy hydride phases.
The said support material may be any suitable, electrochemically inactive conductor such as copper or nickel, for example. The amount of support material used in the electrode body should be reduced as far as possible and should preferably not exceed 20% by weight of the electrode, in order to provide a high specific capacity per unit weight of the whole electrode.
The electrode body may be formed by sintering under pressure (hot-pressing) or in any other suitable manner of bonding the active material to the support material.
A current-conducting inert network, of copper wire for example, may further be embedded in the electrode body in order to provide improved current conduction and mechanical support. When the electrode is shaped during the said sintering step for forming the alloy phases, an inert current-conducting network, e.g. in the form of a titanium wire grid which has been superficially borided by a gas-phase process may be used as a support for the electrode body.
The invention also relates to an energy storage cell for generating electric current, having a negative electrode, an alkaline electrolyte and a positive oxygen or oxide electrode, said negative electrode comprising a porous electrode body with a current-conducting support and an active component providing reversible hydride formation by electrochemical charge and discharge wherein: said active component consists essentially of tWo coexistent alloy hydride phases each having a lattice structure formed essentially from the titanium-nickel system, one of the said two phases having a body-centered cubic structure, the other phase having a face-centered cubic structure, and both said phases being in mutual contact along phase boundaries extending throughout said component, whereby to provide improved electrochemical discharge and recharge by hydrogen transfer between the said two phases.
The following examples illustrate the manufacture of electrodes according to the present invention.
EXAMPLE 1 (A) Preparation of the active material (i) Titanium hydride (TiH powder and nickel powder are mixed together so as to obtain a homogeneous powder mixture composed of 57 wt. percent TiH and 43 wt. percent Ni.
(ii) The powder mixture is next subjected to cold pressing at ambient temperature and under a pressure of 2 tons/cm. so as to form a pressed porous body.
(iii) This body is slowly heated up to 850 C. under vacuum (10- Torr), then subjected to a sintering step (at 850 C.) in a hydrogen atmosphere, for 24 hours, so as to provide a porous sintered body which is finally slowly cooled down in a hydrogen atmosphere, so as to gradually reach ambient temperature in about 12 hours.
(iv) The sintered body is finally comminuted in an inert gas atmosphere (argon) and screened down to a particle size of less than 33;. The active material is thus obtained in the form of a powder material for subsequently forming an electrode of desired shape.
(B) Manufacture of the electrode body (i) The active material powder with a particle size less than 33a is mixed in a ratio of 4:1 parts by weight with fine copper powder 33 which serves to provide a current conductor and support for the electrode body. The copper in the mixture moreover provides a standard which allows precise analysis of the alloy hydride phases forming the particles of active material. X-ray analysis shows these particles to be formed of 70 wt. percent Ti NiH and 30 wt. percent TiNiH, no traces of titanium hydride being present in the particles.
(ii) After thus checking the active material as to the desired composition, the active powder is placed in a die and a network of fine copper wires (0.1 mm. diam.) is embedded therein so that the ends of the copper wires protrude. A hot-pressing step is next carried out for three minutes, at a temperature of 400 C. and a pressure of 8 tons/cm. so as to obtain a porous electrode body of rectangular shape (3.5 x 4 cm.) with a thickness of 1-2 mm. The protruding ends of the copper wires are then interconnected by means of a thin copper wire conductor. The electrode body is finally clamped between two conventional plastic separator plates in order to avoid deformation thereof due to volume changes during operation. The electrode is now ready for use.
(C) Test performance 50 electrode specimens which were obtained as described above, were tested in a standard electrochemical half-cell arrangement with a Hg/HgO reference electrode and a nickel counter-electrode. v I
The electrochemical tests were effected in 6 N KOH with a charge and discharge current of 50 ma./per gram of active material. Discharge was effected at a potential between 980 mv. and -740 mv. with respect to Hg/HgO. The electrodes were overcharged to of the nominal capacity in all these tests.
The 50 electrodes tested under the above-mentioned conditions had specific capacity having an average, value of 250 a.h./kg. with a gradual capacity drop of about 50% after 100 charge/discharge cycles. g
Such electrodes, of which several may be readily'assembled to provide larger electrodes of anydesired size, are suitable for use as negative electrodes in starter (SLI)' batteries to provide improved performance over afvery broad range of operating temperatures,'with 'a'considerably higher capacity and performance than conventional lead batteries.
EXAMPLE 2 A powder mixture composed of 50 wt. percent TiH and 50 wt. percent Ni is used to prepare the active material and manufacture several electrodes using the same series of steps described in Example 1 under (A) and (B). According to the phase diagram, the active component is composed, in this case, of about 30 wt. percent Ti NiH and 70 wt. percent TiNiH. a
Cycling tests effected under the same conditions as in Example 1 provided specific capacities having an average value of 200 a.h./ kg. After 100 and charge/ discharge cycles, the capacity drop amounted to about 30 and'50%, respectively of the initial value. This improved cycling behaviour may be explained by the higherv proportion of the TiNiH phase, with respect to the electrode samples of Example 1.
EXAMPLE 3 Electrodes are prepared as described in Example 1.. However, copper is used as a substitute for 10 at. percent of the nickel content of the said phases of the active material comprising 70 wt. percent Ti NiI-I and 30 wt. percent TiNiH. The powder mixture used for preparing the active component in this case comprises TiHg, Ni and Cu in a ratio of 57 39:4 parts by weight.
Cycling tests effected under the same conditions as in Example 1 provided specific capacities having an average initial value of 200 a.h./kg. with a gradual capacity-drop to 150 a.h./kg. after 120 charge/discharge cycles. This slight substitution of nickel by copper in the active com-- ponent thus provides improved cycling performance, which may be due to improved resistance to corrosion.
EXAMPLE 4 EXAMPLE 5 Electrodes are prepared as in 'Examplef 2, but with inf, clusion of copper as a substitute for 5 at. percent of the nickel content of the alloy hydride phasesfor'ming the active component. The powder mixture used for preparing the active component in this case comprises TiH Ni and Cu in a ratio of 52:4723 parts by weight. 7 a
Cycling tests carried out as in Examplel, bylwith use of 2 N KOH instead of 6 N KOH as the electrolyte, pro-v vided an initial specific capacity of about, 180 ah/kg with a gradual drop to a.h./kg. (about 90% of the initial value) after 110 charge/discharge cycles.
EXAMPLE 6' i v I When the electrodes used in Example safe subjectedgj to the cycling tests as in Example- 1, but with 6 N KO I-Ij and with a discharge depth of about s0 s'5% of the nomi nal capacity, a specific capacity of a.h./kg. is achieved with no capacity loss up to 80 charge/discharge cycles. A useful electrode lifetime of 300 cycles may thus be expected.
EXAMPLE 7 Electrodes are prepared as in Example 1, but with use of zirconium as a substitute for 10 at. percent of the titanium content of the alloy hydride phases. The powder mixture used for preparing the active component comprises in this case TiH Ni and Zr in a ratio of 50:42:10 parts by weight.
Cycling tests carried out on several test specimens, under the conditions described in Example 1, provided an initial specific capacity with an average value of 270 a.h./ kg. with a gradual capacity drop reaching 50% after 60 cycles.
EXAMPLE 8 Electrode samples are prepared as in Example 1, but with use of chromium as a substitute for 20 at. percent of the titanium content of the alloy hydride phases. The powder mixture used for preparing the active component comprises in this case TiH Ni and Cr in a ratio of 46:44:12 parts by weight.
Cycling tests carried out under the same conditions as in Example 1 provided an average initial specific capacity of 190 a.h./kg. with a gradual decrease to 140 a.h./kg. after 140 charge/discharge cycles.
EXAMPLE 9 Titanium hydride powder and nickel powder are mixed together so as to obtain a homogeneous powder mixture having a composition by weight of 57 wt. percent Til-I and 43 wt. percent Ni, the particle size of both constituents being less than 33 This powder mixture is pressed in a die, together with a suitable inert current-conducting supporting network, e.g. grid of titanium wire which has been superficially boride-d, embedded therein, then subjected for 24 hours to sintering at 850 C. under vacuum (10' Torr), so as to obtain a porous sintered electrode body of desired shape, said body finally being gradually cooled down to ambient temperature, in a hydrogen atmosphere.
A negative electrode of the desired shape is thus obtained, which consists of a porous sintered mass having the said supporting framework embedded therein; said mass is composed of sintered particles consisting of Ti NiH and TiNiH, the ratio of these alloy hydride phases being 70:30 parts by weight of the sintered mass.
The specific capacity of this electrode is about 250 a.h. per kilogram of the alloy hydride particles, the cycling performance being substantially the same as that of the electrodes of Example 1.
From the above examples, it may be seen that certain metals may be used to partially substitute the titanium or nickel content of the alloy hydride phases, while obtaining the same types of phase lattice structures in the active component, in order to provide improvement of the electrode performance. Simultaneous partial substitution of both titanium and nickel by the above-mentioned metals may likewise contemplated.
It may be seen, with reference to the foregoing examples and to the above discussion of the experimental curve, that the electrode capacity and cycle life which are achieved depend to a certain extent on the conditions used when forming the electrode body. Thus, for example, increase of the pressure and temperature used during hot-pressure leads to somewhat lower eifective capacities, whereas the cycle life may be notably increased. Conversely, when the electrode body is hot-pressed at a relatively low pressure and temperature, a higher capacity may be achieved, whereas the cycle life is reduced.
The electrode body may be formed at pressures ranging between 0.5 and 25 tons/cm. and temperatures ranging between ambient temperature and 700 C., the chosen pressure and temperature being dependent on the desired electrode size and performance.
However, as was already mentioned, any other suitable manner of bonding the active material to the support material may be contemplated for forming the electrode body, for example by using a suitable binder.
I claim:
1. A negative electrode for alkaline energy storage cells, comprising an electrochemically active material providing reversible hydride formation during electrochemical charge and discharge, wherein:
Said active material consists essentially of a binary phase mixture which, in the charge state, is composed of two alloy hydride phases each having a lattice structure formed essentially from the titanium-nickel alloy system, which phases are coexistent side-by-side and in mutual contact along common phase boundaries extending throughout the said material; and
said active material comprising a first metallic component consisting of titanium or formed mainly thereof and a second metallic component consisting of nickel or formed mainly thereof, said two coexistent alloy hydride phases each being formed essentially of said components, one phase having an alloy lattice of the TiNi type with a body-centered cubic structure and the other phase having a lattice of the Ti Ni type with a face-centered cubic structure.
2. The electrode of claim 1, wherein said alloy phases comprise, in addition to titanium and nickel, at least one substitute metal present in an atomic ratio of at most 1:3 with respect to the titanium or nickel content of the said phases.
3. The electrode of claim 2, wherein said substitute metal is selected respectively from the group consisting of zirconium and chromium, as a. partial substitute for titanium, and from the group consisting of copper, cobalt and iron, as a partial substitute for nickel.
4. The electrode of claim 1 wherein the said active material comprises the said first and second metallic components in an atomic ratio in the range between 1:1 and 2:1.
5. The electrode of claim 1 comprising a porous electrode body with an electrochemically inert, electrically conductive support material embedded at least partially in a porous mass of said active material.
6. The electrode of claim 5 comprising a gridlike support network of said inert material embedded in a porous sintered mass of said active material.
7. The electrode of claim 5 wherein said active material comprises about 57% by weight of said first component and about 43% by weight of said second component.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,620,844 11/1971 Wicke l36--12O FC 3,382,106 5/1968 Jung et a1. 136 420 FC 3,669,745 6/1972 Beccu 136-20 3,207,600 9/1965 Hirai et al. 136--86 D 3,423,248 1/ 1969 Plust 136l20 FC 3,311,508 3/1967 Biddick et a]. 136-120 FC 3,294,586 12/1966 Le Duc 136120 FC ALLEN iB. CURTIS, Primary Examiner C. F. LEFEVOUR, Assistant Examiner US. Cl. X.R.. 13686 D, R
UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE Certificate Patent No. 3,824,131 Patented July 16, 1974: Klaus Beccn Application having been made by Klaus Beceu, the inventor named in the patent above identified, and Battelle Memorial Institute, International Division, Geneva, Switzerland, the assignee, for the issuance of a certificate under the provisions of Title 35, Section 256, of the United States Code, adding the name of Rudolf Siegert as a joint inventor, and a showing and proof of facts satisfying the requirements of said section having been submitted, it is this 15th day of July 1975, certified that the name of the said Rudolf Siegert is hereby added to the said patent as a joint inventor with the said Klaus Beccu.
FRED W. SHERLING, Associate Solicitor.
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WWW/HTTP Software
A free simple .NET compliant MySQL driver. Made in C# but it would be used in all .NET compatible languages (VB.NET, Managed C++,...). This project was developed by M.L. Vińas Livschitz in collaboration with CeDEI, Ramon Llull University, Barcelona, Spa105 weekly downloads
Color Selector
A full featured color picker that includes a color picker with zoom and area sampling, format converter, palette tool, seven built-in export formats, customizable formatting options (four built-in), and scripting support via MSScript.26 weekly downloads
TrueDownloader Open source download accelerator / manager written in Visual Basic 6 for Windows. Supports HTTP and FTP downloads. MultiSegmented download, ZIP file preview, low CPU usage.20 weekly downloads
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CinaProxy Server in vb6 for win32
win32 proxy server progged in easy visual basic, WinSock-Pool, SOCKS4/5, SMTPRelay, Gateways, DialUp-Manager, HTTP(S)-Proxy, WEB-Server(PHP,XML,Dir), Remote, Shutdown, Port-Mapping, FTP,cryptapi socket,*Web-Adblocker*, nt-service, telnet18 weekly downloads
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Empire Land Game of world rule! A realtime, multiplayer, medieval, web-game with a moduler architecture. Capable of running on multiple servers.4 weekly downloads
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Yet Another Web Server
Webserver for win32 programmed in Visual Basic (maybe VC later)2 weekly downloads
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Internet Surfer is a Open Source Tabbed Internet Explorer for Windows.3 weekly downloads
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jpgd - Website-based Image Downloader
jpgd is a Webpage-based image downloader - allowing for automated retrieval of images from websites.3 weekly downloads
AVIN Software WebCam Capture Tool
Uses Microsoft VisualBasic 6.0, the Intel image processing library and the ezCap 6.0 OCX control to capture webcam images and upload them to FTP servers for online viewing. Goal is to have an efficient program with ease of use and power.2 weekly downloads
Page Creator Series <2 in1 web editor>
The Page Creator Series is a project of a big webpage editor. It is a combination of WYSIWYG interface web page editor, and a advanced HTML source code editor. It has excellent user interface too. I will develop this project for a long long time...2 weekly downloads
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text:
Shopify's revenue jumps 89% in its first public quarter
The maker of software for online retailers processed more than $1.6 billion in orders in the quarter.
Shopify's revenue jumps 89% in its first public quarter
The maker of software for online retailers processed more than $1.6 billion in orders in the quarter.
Facebook's ad revenue jumps 43% in Q2
Mobile advertising accounts for 76% of that spending as marketers increasingly shift spending to the social network's mobile ads.
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Overstock was first on Internet Explorer and Victoria's Secret led in Firefox testing.
Overstock.com ranked first in Internet Explorer availability tests among large retailers for September, says Gomez, the web performance division of Compuware Corp. Last month, online shoppers using Internet Explorer could access the apparel and accessories retailer's site 100% of the time. Apple.com, HPShopping.com and Staples.com tied for second place with an average availability of 99.98%, while CDW.com followed with 99.94%.
VictoriasSecret.com (99.93%) had the highest availability percentage in Firefox testing last month. CDW.com (99.62%) ranked second, followed by Apple.com and Dell.com (tied at 99.61%) and Amazon.com (99.60%).
The Internet Explorer average availability for the top 20 retailers in September was 99.73%, Gomez says. The same 20 retailers produced a Firefox average availability of 98.75% last month.
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Serre's Problem on Projective Modules
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Preview (read now) Add to my own site Give this ebook to a friend Add to my wishlist Author's page Publisher's page
more"Serre's Conjecture", for the most part of the second half of the 20th century, - ferred to the famous statement made by J. -P. Serre in 1955, to the effect that one did not know if ?nitely generated projective modules were free over a polynomial ring k[x ,. . . ,x], where k is a ?eld. This statement was motivated by the fact that 1 n the af?ne scheme de?ned by k[x ,. . . ,x] is the algebro-geometric analogue of 1 n the af?ne n-space over k. In topology, the n-space is contractible, so there are only trivial bundles over it. Would the analogue of the latter also hold for the n-space in algebraic geometry? Since algebraic vector bundles over Speck[x ,. . . ,x] corre- 1 n spond to ?nitely generated projective modules over k[x ,. . . ,x], the question was 1 n tantamount to whether such projective modules were free, for any base ?eld k. ItwasquiteclearthatSerreintendedhisstatementasanopenproblemintheshe- theoretic framework of algebraic geometry, which was just beginning to emerge in the mid-1950s. Nowhere in his published writings had Serre speculated, one way or another, upon the possible outcome of his problem. However, almost from the start, a surmised positive answer to Serre's problem became known to the world as "Serre's Conjecture". Somewhat later, interest in this "Conjecture" was further heightened by the advent of two new (and closely related) subjects in mathematics: homological algebra, and algebraic K-theory. less
Springer Berlin Heidelberg; May 2010
411 pages; ISBN 9783540345756
Read online, or download in secure PDF format
Title: Serre's Problem on Projective Modules
Author: T.Y. Lam
411 pages; ISBN 9783540345756
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Title: Serre's Problem on Projective Modules
Author: T.Y. Lam
Buy, download and read Serre's Problem on Projective Modules (eBook) by T.Y. Lam today!
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Construction reports suspended due to government shutdown
The monthly construction reports you normally see on Aggregates Manager — like construction spending, construction employment, freight shipments and housing starts — are likely suspended due to the federal government shutdown that began early Tuesday morning.
The shutdown, which has furloughed 18,481 employees in the U.S. Department of Transportation alone, has resulted in the suspension of most federal government operations that are not considered safety-related or necessary.
Reuters reported Tuesday that the construction spending report for this month has been cancelled.
A Commerce Department spokeswoman told Reuters on Monday that the report would not be released if the government shut down.
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Severance appears in Loudoun court
A man identified as a person of interest in three Alexandria murders made his first appearance in Loudoun County court May 6.
Charles Severance, 53, of Ashburn, was arraigned in the Loudoun County General District Court on one charge of possessing a gun as a non-violent felon.
Severance was arrested March 13 in Wheeling, W.V., on the Loudoun County warrant. Despite attempts by Severance's attorneys to get a stay of extradition, he was taken to the Loudoun County Adult Detention Center Monday afternoon.
Alexandria police want to question Severance regarding three murders that have taken place in the city over the past decade: the 2003 murder of real estate agent Nancy Dunning, the November killing of regional transportation planner Ronald Kirby and the killing of Ruthanne Lodato, who was shot Feb. 6 when she answered her door. Police have said he is a part of their investigation, but haven't yet named Severance a suspect.
Why can't the judge order him to shave and get a haircut. He's just trying to change his appearance. If his attorney was any good he would see that he shaved and cut his hair.
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Aubrey Organics, Travel Set, Combination/Oily Skin, 4 Pieces (Discontinued Item)
Items 1-5 of 17 total
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seems to be working.
2 people found the following review helpful
Posted by Reviewer1365732 on Dec 14, 2009
I bought this as a test to see if it would help my skin and it has. I have tried practically every product on the market along with heavy duty prescription drugs like Accutane for my chronic intermittent cystic acne. The Aubrey products appear to be the only ones that have actually decreased the amount of acne I get, the frequency of flareups and the healing time. I use the entire combination skin line in addition to the Amino Derm Gel by Aubrey.
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very strange smell
1 person found the following review helpful
Posted by Reviewer2480136 on Mar 31, 2011
It's excellent!
Posted by LocutusOfBorg on Apr 02, 2011
Posted by Reviewer2653446 on Apr 11, 2011
I like this particular product of this company. Leaves no greasy film well absorbed and the mask is unique as long as two months for my use of the series:)
Posted by Reviewer1573227 on May 12, 2011
Good for oily skin.


text:
Histories: Bk.I-IIHardback Loeb Classical Library Language: English / Greek, Ancient (to 1453)
List price $26.49
You save $2.24 (8%)
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- Publisher: LOEB
- Format: Hardback | 526 pages
- Language: English / Greek, Ancient (to 1453)
- Dimensions: 109mm x 160mm x 30mm | 340g
- Publication date: 1 December 1986
- Publication City/Country: Cambridge, Mass
- Edition: Revised
- Edition statement: Revised edition
- Illustrations note: 1M.
- Sales rank: 201,701
Product description
Herodotus the great Greek historian was born about 484 BCE, at Halicarnassus in Caria, Asia Minor, when it was subject to the Persians. He travelled widely in most of Asia Minor, Egypt (as far as Assuan), North Africa, Syria, the country north of the Black Sea, and many parts of the Aegean Sea and the mainland of Greece. He lived, it seems, for some time in Athens, and in 443 went with other colonists to the new city Thurii (in South Italy), where he died about 430. He was 'the prose correlative of the bard, a narrator of the deeds of real men, and a describer of foreign places' (Murray). Herodotus's famous history of warfare between the Greeks and the Persians has an epic dignity which enhances his delightful style. It includes the rise of the Persian power and an account of the Persian empire; a description and history of Egypt; and a long digression on the geography and customs of Scythia. Even in the later books on the attacks of the Persians against Greece there are digressions. All is most entertaining and produces a grand unity. After personal inquiry and study of hearsay and other evidence, Herodotus gives us a not uncritical estimate of the best that he could find. The Loeb Classical Library edition of Herodotus is in four volumes.
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text:
Kid Sells Kidney for iPad 2, Hopes Mom Won't Notice
While the Telegraph, in reporting this tale of lust and desire and monetary and technological need, seems to think that the most shocking bit involves the price that a Chinese teen sold his kidney for -- just £2,000! (that's about US$3,000) -- we find the idea of having someone cut into you and remove an organ that you can never get back just to have a new iPad, regardless of price of organ, has its own inherent shock factor. Yes? Maybe?
Anyway, a 17-year-old boy identified as "Zheng" sold his kidney to the folks behind an online ad promising cash to organ donors. He traveled to the city of Chenzhou, had his kidney taken out at a local hospital, recuperated for three days, took his cash, and left. However, upon returning home with "a laptop and a new Apple handset," he developed complications and had to tell his mom what he'd done (she'd already been suspicious, of course). This makes that tattoo you got on Spring Break seem pretty minor, huh?
The phone numbers of the people Zheng had been in contact with are no longer in service, and the hospital has denied knowing about the surgery. Now, folks are using the example to illustrate the "rampant materialism" (a/k/a "happiness") in China. If Law and Order were still around it could probably make a ton of money with this plot line!
The boy now regrets the loss of his kidney, reports the Shanghai Daily. That said, there are certain days we would very nearly sell a kidney for a nice, cold pour of white wine, so...we're with you, dude. Up until the scalpel.
[JDoll // @thisisjendoll]
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For most of history, the Jewish population was a small percentage - about 3 - of the population, but the numbers rose rapidly in the early 1900s, and as always happens - in every colonised nation in the world - the huge influx causes resentment, and violence erupts. Most of the Jews were from Europe, so had different education, life-style, and perhaps money, so check out the reasons behind the Hebron massacre; now also don't forget the massacres of Deir Yassin, Sabra and Shatila, which were all carried out under Jewish control.
EU's Mogherini in Tehran to talk nuclear deal, regional issues (Reuters)
from the article: Why a 'Palestinian Gandhi' has never emerged - and probably never will


text:
LGBT Candidates in Close, Controversial, and Trailblazing Local and State Races
BY Michelle Garcia
November 02 2012 8:00 AM ET
Josh Boschee — North Dakota House of Representatives, District 44
Josh Boschee could become one of the youngest state legislators elected to office as well as the first openly gay person to hold a seat in his state's House of Representatives. However, Boschee is being attacked in Internet ads declaring that he is promoting a "gay agenda." Boschee said that his campaign is not solely about him being a gay man, and his opponents have also condemned the ads. Fargo TV station WDAY reports that the ads originated with a right-wing group called Public Advocate, headed by a Virginia elected official, Eugene Delgaudio. Delgaudio is being investigated by the FBI over allegations that he used public employees to raise funds for his political campaigns.
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text:
Diy Ideas, Godseyejewelry Jpg, Ojo De, Gods Eye, Minis S, God Eye Crafts, God, Eye Necklaces, Godseyejewelri Jpg
HOW TO - Make God's Eye Necklaces
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Authorities continue to investigate the cause of a train derailment near Olivia Friday afternoon. Four cars on a Twin Cities & Western Railroad freight train went off the tracks about a mile east of Olivia in Bird Island Township at around 3pm Friday. Sheriff's deputies responding to the scene found that three empty tanker cars and a fully-loaded coal car had left the tracks, but none of them tipped over. The derailment blocked an intersection and a private driveway, and railroad personnel were called to the scene to clear the blockage and repair the tracks. There were no reports of injuries.
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Tokyu Stay Nihonbashi
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P-Push it real good
... wrestler's make some casual conversation with fans, while the others take the shortest way to get started with their preparations. But all the visitors are incredibly respectful to them. Of course many take a quick picture, but no one is bothering the wrestler's for autographs or even think about making a selfie. Also from a competition point-of-view the tournament turned out to be surprising, with some top favorites loosing ...
A little Japanese history- Aubrey
... occasions I had school girls ask me where I was from and if I could take a picture with them. It was cool to know that they were just as interested in me as I was in them. The museum was a great success and I think everyone enjoyed it.
Next was probably my favorite part of the trip so far, the Sumo wrestling matches. The wrestlers that we saw first weren't too interesting being that they were much smaller and the matches weren't as exciting. When it got later in the ...
Tokyo tour day
... on with a few choice museums. Highlights of the day were the cherry blossom parks with people picnicking, Shinto temples, seeing a japanese wedding party, a fabulous tempura lunch and a boat ride along the river. We navigated ourselves home on the underground. Bought a few more cosy things in Uni Qlo, had dinner in Muji cafe, bought two cans of Japanese sparkling wine and collapsed in our room. One pleasant surprise is that it seems very cheap here - especially restaurant ...
Tokyo Drift!
... at 11:25 PM and we were going to Tokyo. The flight was for twelve hours, so we were able to sleep and relax.
When we arrived in Tokyo on January 15th, 7:25 PM, we took a night cruise on a helicopter. It was located at 14 Chidori, Urayasu, Chiba and we had to take a cab there. On the fifteen minute helicopter ride, we flew passed the ...
Time to help out!
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When I was volunteering today I was mainly teaching the kids different activities and supporting them with all of their problems. I think that I helped out quite a few kids who had lost homes or loved ones by telling them that things will get better etc. I actually made a really good relationship with one of the kids, after 1 hour he would not leave me alone! I feel that he became a better ...


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Patricia King: Communicating with the Dead - Ministry Videos
Embed patriciaking.com 780 views 2012-08-31T12:24:10 Did you know that each time you pull up your old nature you're communicating with the dead? Our old nature is dead because it has been crucified with Christ. Do not communicate with the dead, because the Bible calls it sin.
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Ben & Jerry's 100% Aluminum Ice Cream Scoop New In Box For Sale
Ben & Jerry's Ice Cream ScoopNew In Box NEVER USED
From the Official Ben & Jerry's Homemade Holdings, Inc. STILL IN PLASTIC MINT CONDITION
100% aluminum scoop, easy cleanup. Scoop has Ben & Jerry's logo on handle & "Vermont's Finest"
Full Size yields about 30 2.75 oz portions per gallon
Mint condition in original box and scoop isin plastic within the box. Smoke Free Home
Would make a great gift forany ice cream lover.
This item has been shown 5165 times.
Ben & Jerry's 100% Aluminum Ice Cream Scoop New In Box:
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Deviant Art
Hipshot!Hey there, sparrows! ♥
Long time no see! Okay, okay, not terribly long. :> We're well into Julyhow is everyone's summer coming along? What sort of things have you been up to so far? I hope you're all having a great time and enjoying the sun. Thus far, my summer has been fantasticlots of swimming, fishing, hiking, motorcycle riding, starry nights and watermelon, haha.
I'm making this journal for those of you who have followed my horror story 'Hipshot' (and anyone who'd like to start following it). After putting the project on hold for several months, I have revised the first four parts (and oh man, what an improvement, seriously), and updated them today, in preparation for the release of the fourth part of the story tomorrow evening. If you've read Hipshot before and plan on reading the 4th section, I think you'll enjoy it much better if you re-read the story beforehand, now that it's been revised, and refresh it in your memory. Check back tomorrow
Finding the Right White KnightFor better or for worst (whether it's sexist or not) there are basic archetypes for the love interest that are mostly available to males. Mind you, this just makes it all the more fun to apply it to a girl instead but for now, I'll stick to "he" except in a few cases, and leave it to you to mess around with the order of things.Finding the Right White Knight5 years ago in Writing More Like This
The White Knight - AKA the Boring One. Seriously, no one needs the classic pure and chase knights from fairy tales. They suck. They stink. They have absolutely nothing of interest to them, except for repeated mockability.
Now, stick that same knight in a world where everything is dark and impure, and you MIGHT get a good story. Or you might just get everyone mad as the knight tries to make other characters feel guilty for the same things your readers go about doing. So um be careful, 'kay?
Either type sorta sucks as the permanent love interest, but if you want your protagonist to start off liking someone two dimension, this one's fine.
The Knig
Picking a Love InterestTo those of you who are reading this in hopes of real life advice . Well, you might as well stay anyway. Frankly, if you're at the point where you're reading THIS for help, than any little bit helps - and who knows? Maybe you can profile them!Picking a Love Interest5 years ago in Writing More Like This
The main purpose of this, however, is to figure out how to pick your character's love interest. To be specific, I will be devoting most of this to finding the perfect girl for your (hopefully) not so perfect male protagonist. The girls, in case you're wondering, will be a getting a White Knight guide to look deeper into the male love interest archetypes. (Despite the name, it's not all about men saving the girls, I promise. But if I'm gonna write something about archetypes, than dang it all, how can I ignore a name that's just so bloody CONVENIENT!?) The two do overlap, though, particularly since I'm all for girls taking the roles generally given to boys in stories.
Anyway, onto your actual characters.
The Steady: Sometimes, your
Choosing a Companion: A GuideChoosing a CompanionChoosing a Companion: A Guide5 years ago in Writing More Like This
Alright, you've got your hero, your villain, your damsel maybe even a style of transformation and a monster too. Wanna know what comes next? No idea, yet! You should have figured out your companion aaaaaaages ago.
There's very little that's more important than a good companion. Whether it's to lend support or kick them down, no hero can do it alone. Even if they really wish they could.
The Loyal Companion: Most, though not all, companions fall into this overhead. Otherwise, they'd stab them in the back and run the moment they could. (See further down for that.)
This is basically the companion that stands by the hero's side through thick and thin, a Sam for a Frodo. Whether this is because of a deep friendship, a sense of honor, or a secret relationship between the characters is all up to you and your audience's imagination. Frankly, the reason matters less than the character themselves - this is the one you don't wanna mess with. When the Loyal Companion is hurt, t
|Sta.sh Submit


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VIEWS: 8 PAGES: 1 POSTED ON: 6/19/2011 Public Domain
Internet Login & Password Agreement THIS AGREEMENT is made between: C&C Wholesale whose registered office is at 11048 Grissom Ln, Dallas, TX 75229; and _______________________________________________________________ (known as customer). C&C Wholesale have agreed to provide the customer with a login and password to access C&C Wholesale's web site (www.ccwhole.com) to enable the customer to check pricing, stock level, and purchase merchandise on-line. The login and password is considered to be confidential in nature and C&C holds the customer responsible for keeping it confidential. Customer agrees to: 1. Immediately notify the email@example.com of any unauthorized use of your password or account or any other breach of security. 2. Only give out the login and password to authorized buyers of the company. 3. Immediately notify the firstname.lastname@example.com of any dismissal of any of the authorized users of the company. 4. By applying for Internet account access, you agree to accept responsibility for protecting the integrity of your password, in order to prevent unauthorized transactions and/or account access. (This includes not saving your login and password on your computer or any place where unauthorized users can have access to it). 5. Ensure that you exit from your account at the end of each session. C&C Wholesale cannot and will not be liable for any loss or damage arising from your failure to comply with these instructions. C&C Wholesale (ccwhole.com) has tried to give the most accurate information as possible, but price and stock level are not real-time and therefore might vary from on-line information. The priced agreed on by customer and the sales representative will be the price given when processing the order. Name of All Authorized Purchasers: Print:______________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ Signature:__________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ Date:_____________________ E-mail: ______________________________________ 11048 Grissom * Dallas, TX 75229 * (972) 241-0633, (800) 288-8585 * Fax (972) 241-0654
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|Plant purchases direct from this website are thriving. It is convenient, saves travelling to ONPN, and can be done 24/7. Here is the response of a recent client:
"Thank you very much. My cordylines arrived today :) I am very impressed with your prompt service and the quality of my new babies.
I will definitely order plants from you in the future.
Thanks again, Courtney"


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You are a fan of lion network p2 ? Come to discover the best forums lion network p2 on the internet and share your experience with a community fan of lion network p2 . You can also build a forum lion network p2 and create your online discussion.
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Ask your questions, Find suggestions, together we will be smarter!
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On Top of Her Game: Nicki Minaj's Fiercest 20 Looks Ever view
16 Times Marjorie Harvey's Instagram Outdid Your Favorite Fashion Magazine view
Summer Style: Our Favorite Easy, Breezy Celebrity Looks of the Season view
President Obama and the First Lady at an event for local middle school students...
President Obama and the First Lady at an event for local middle school students to conduct hands-on experiments with astronomers yesterday evening on the South Lawn of the White House. Michelle Obama's navy patent belt looks classic and chic.
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