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Transcript of "9 forces and laws of motion"
1. C hapter 9 FORCE AND LAWS OF MOTIONIn the previous chapter, we described the In our everyday life we observe that somemotion of an object along a straight line in effort is required to put a stationary objectterms of its position, velocity and acceleration. into motion or to stop a moving object. WeWe saw that such a motion can be uniform ordinarily experience this as a muscular effortor non-uniform. We have not yet discovered and say that we must push or hit or pull onwhat causes the motion. Why does the speed an object to change its state of motion. Theof an object change with time? Do all motions concept of force is based on this push, hit orrequire a cause? If so, what is the nature of pull. Let us now ponder about a 'force'. Whatthis cause? In this chapter we shall make an is it? In fact, no one has seen, tasted or felt aattempt to quench all such curiosities. force. However, we always see or feel the effect For many centuries, the problem of of a force. It can only be explained bymotion and its causes had puzzled scientists describing what happens when a force isand philosophers. A ball on the ground, when applied to an object. Pushing, hitting andgiven a small hit, does not move forever. Such pulling of objects are all ways of bringingobservations suggest that rest is the "natural objects in motion (Fig. 9.1). They movestate" of an object. This remained the belief because we make a force act on them.until Galileo Galilei and Isaac Newton From your studies in earlier classes, youdeveloped an entirely different approach to are also familiar with the fact that a force canunderstand motion. be used to change the magnitude of velocity of an object (that is, to make the object move faster or slower) or to change its direction of motion. We also know that a force can change the shape and size of objects (Fig. 9.2). (a) The trolley moves along the (b) The drawer is pulled. direction we push it. (a) (b) (c) The hockey stick hits the ball forward Fig. 9.2: (a) A spring expands on application of force;Fig. 9.1: Pushing, pulling, or hitting objects change (b) A spherical rubber ball becomes oblong their state of motion. as we apply force on it.
9.1 Balanced and Unbalanced box with a small force, the box does not move because of friction acting in a direction Forces opposite to the push [Fig. 9.4(a)]. This friction force arises between two surfaces in contact;Fig. 9.3 shows a wooden block on a horizontal in this case, between the bottom of the boxtable. Two strings X and Y are tied to the two and floor's rough surface. It balances theopposite faces of the block as shown. If we pushing force and therefore the box does notapply a force by pulling the string X, the block move. In Fig. 9.4(b), the children push thebegins to move to the right. Similarly, if we box harder but the box still does not move.pull the string Y, the block moves to the left. This is because the friction force still balancesBut, if the block is pulled from both the sides the pushing force. If the children push thewith equal forces, the block will not move. box harder still, the pushing force becomesSuch forces are called balanced forces and bigger than the friction force [Fig. 9.4(c)].do not change the state of rest or of motion of There is an unbalanced force. So the boxan object. Now, let us consider a situation inwhich two opposite forces of different starts moving.magnitudes pull the block. In this case, the What happens when we ride a bicycle?block would begin to move in the direction of When we stop pedalling, the bicycle beginsthe greater force. Thus, the two forces are to slow down. This is again because of thenot balanced and the unbalanced force acts friction forces acting opposite to the directionin the direction the block moves. This of motion. In order to keep the bicycle moving,suggests that an unbalanced force acting on we have to start pedalling again. It thusan object brings it in motion. appears that an object maintains its motion under the continuous application of an unbalanced force. However, it is quite incorrect. An object moves with a uniform velocity when the forces (pushing force and frictional force) acting on the object are balanced and there is no net external force on it. If an unbalanced force is applied on the object, there will be a change either in its speed or in the direction of its motion. Thus, to accelerate the motion of an object, an Fig. 9.3: Two forces acting on a wooden block unbalanced force is required. And the change in its speed (or in the direction of motion) What happens when some children try to would continue as long as this unbalancedpush a box on a rough floor? If they push the force is applied. However, if this force is (a) (b) (c) Fig. 9.4FORCE AND LAWS OF MOTION 115
removed completely, the object wouldcontinue to move with the velocity it hasacquired till then.9.2 First Law of MotionBy observing the motion of objects on aninclined plane Galileo deduced that objectsmove with a constant speed when no forceacts on them. He observed that when a marblerolls down an inclined plane, its velocityincreases [Fig. 9.5(a)]. In the next chapter,you will learn that the marble falls under theunbalanced force of gravity as it rolls downand attains a definite velocity by the time itreaches the bottom. Its velocity decreaseswhen it climbs up as shown in Fig. 9.5(b).Fig. 9.5(c) shows a marble resting on an idealfrictionless plane inclined on both sides. Fig. 9.5: (a) the downward motion; (b) the upwardGalileo argued that when the marble is motion of a marble on an inclined plane;released from left, it would roll down the slope and (c) on a double inclined plane.and go up on the opposite side to the same Newton further studied Galileo's ideas onheight from which it was released. If the force and motion and presented threeinclinations of the planes on both sides are fundamental laws that govern the motion ofequal then the marble will climb the same objects. These three laws are known asdistance that it covered while rolling down. If Newton's laws of motion. The first law ofthe angle of inclination of the right-side plane motion is stated as:were gradually decreased, then the marble An object remains in a state of rest or ofwould travel further distances till it reaches uniform motion in a straight line unlessthe original height. If the right-side plane were compelled to change that state by an appliedultimately made horizontal (that is, the slope force.is reduced to zero), the marble would continue In other words, all objects resist a changeto travel forever trying to reach the same in their state of motion. In a qualitative way,height that it was released from. The the tendency of undisturbed objects to stayunbalanced forces on the marble in this case at rest or to keep moving with the sameare zero. It thus suggests that an unbalanced velocity is called inertia. This is why, the first(external) force is required to change the law of motion is also known as the law ofmotion of the marble but no net force is inertia.needed to sustain the uniform motion of the Certain experiences that we come acrossmarble. In practical situations it is difficult while travelling in a motorcar can beto achieve a zero unbalanced force. This is explained on the basis of the law of inertia.because of the presence of the frictional force We tend to remain at rest with respect to theacting opposite to the direction of motion. seat until the drives applies a braking forceThus, in practice the marble stops after to stop the motorcar. With the application oftravelling some distance. The effect of the brakes, the car slows down but our bodyfrictional force may be minimised by using a tends to continue in the same state of motionsmooth marble and a smooth plane and because of its inertia. A sudden applicationproviding a lubricant on top of the planes. of brakes may thus cause injury to us by 116 SCIENCE
impact or collision with the panels in front. Galileo Galilei was born Safety belts are wor n to prevent such on 15 February 1564 in Pisa, Italy. Galileo, right accidents. Safety belts exert a force on our from his childhood, had body to make the forward motion slower. An interest in mathematics opposite experience is encountered when we and natural philosophy. are standing in a bus and the bus begins to But his father move suddenly. Now we tend to fall Vincenzo Galilei wanted backwards. This is because the sudden start him to become a medical of the bus brings motion to the bus as well doctor. Accordingly, as to our feet in contact with the floor of the Galileo Galilei Galileo enrolled himself (1564 – 1642) bus. But the rest of our body opposes this for a medical degree at the motion because of its inertia. University of Pisa in 1581 which he never When a motorcar makes a sharp turn at completed because of his real interest in a high speed, we tend to get thrown to one mathematics. In 1586, he wrote his first side. This can again be explained on the basis scientific book 'The Little Balance [La of the law of inertia. We tend to continue in Balancitta]', in which he described Archimedes' method of finding the relative our straight-line motion. When an densities (or specific gravities) of substances unbalanced force is applied by the engine to using a balance. In 1589, in his series of change the direction of motion of the essays – De Motu, he presented his theories motorcar, we slip to one side of the seat due about falling objects using an inclined plane to the inertia of our body. to slow down the rate of descent. The fact that a body will remain at rest In 1592, he was appointed professor of unless acted upon by an unbalanced force mathematics at the University of Padua in can be illustrated through the following the Republic of Venice. Here he continued his activities: observations on the theory of motion and through his study of inclined planes and the Activity ______________ 9.1 pendulum, formulated the correct law for uniformly accelerated objects that the • Make a pile of similar carom coins on distance the object moves is proportional to a table, as shown in Fig. 9.6. the square of the time taken. • Attempt a sharp horizontal hit at the Galileo was also a remarkable craftsman. bottom of the pile using another carom He developed a series of telescopes whose coin or the striker. If the hit is strong optical performance was much better than enough, the bottom coin moves out that of other telescopes available during those quickly. Once the lowest coin is days. Around 1640, he designed the first removed, the inertia of the other coins pendulum clock. In his book 'Starry makes them 'fall' vertically on the table. Messenger' on his astronomical discoveries, Galileo claimed to have seen mountains on the moon, the milky way made up of tiny stars, and four small bodies orbiting Jupiter. In his books 'Discourse on Floating Bodies' and 'Letters on the Sunspots', he disclosed his observations of sunspots. Using his own telescopes and through his observations on Saturn and Venus, Galileo argued that all the planets must orbit the Sun Fig. 9.6: Only the carom coin at the bottom of a and not the earth, contrary to what was pile is removed when a fast moving carom believed at that time. coin (or striker) hits it.FORCE AND LAWS OF MOTION 117
Activity ______________ 9.2 five-rupees coin if we use a one-rupee coin, we find that a lesser force is required to perform • Set a five-rupee coin on a stiff playing the activity. A force that is just enough to card covering an empty glass tumbler cause a small cart to pick up a large velocity standing on a table as shown in will produce a negligible change in the motion Fig. 9.7. of a train. This is because, in comparison to • Give the card a sharp horizontal flick the cart the train has a much lesser tendency with a finger. If we do it fast then the card shoots away, allowing the coin to to change its state of motion. Accordingly, we fall vertically into the glass tumbler due say that the train has more inertia than the to its inertia. cart. Clearly, heavier or more massive objects • The inertia of the coin tries to maintain offer larger inertia. Quantitatively, the inertia its state of rest even when the card of an object is measured by its mass. We may flows off. thus relate inertia and mass as follows: Inertia is the natural tendency of an object to resist a change in its state of motion or of rest. The mass of an object is a measure of Q its inertia. uestionsFig. 9.7: When the playing card is flicked with the 1. Which of the following has more finger the coin placed over it falls in the tumbler. inertia: (a) a rubber ball and a stone of the same size? (b) a bicycle and a train? (c) a five- Activity ______________ 9.3 rupees coin and a one-rupee coin? • Place a water-filled tumbler on a tray. 2. In the following example, try to • Hold the tray and turn around as fast identify the number of times the as you can. velocity of the ball changes: • We observe that the water spills. Why? "A football player kicks a football to another player of his team who Observe that a groove is provided in a kicks the football towards thesaucer for placing the tea cup. It prevents goal. The goalkeeper of thethe cup from toppling over in case of sudden opposite team collects the footballjerks. and kicks it towards a player of his own team".9.3 Inertia and Mass Also identify the agent supplying the force in each case.All the examples and activities given so far 3. Explain why some of the leavesillustrate that there is a resistance offered by may get detached from a tree ifan object to change its state of motion. If it is we vigorously shake its branch.at rest it tends to remain at rest; if it is moving 4. Why do you fall in the forwardit tends to keep moving. This property of an direction when a moving busobject is called its inertia. Do all bodies have brakes to a stop and fallthe same inertia? We know that it is easier to backwards when it acceleratespush an empty box than a box full of books. from rest?Similarly, if we kick a football it flies away.But if we kick a stone of the same size withequal force, it hardly moves. We may, in fact, 9.4 Second Law of Motionget an injury in our foot while doing so! The first law of motion indicates that whenSimilarly, in activity 9.2, instead of a an unbalanced external force acts on an 118 SCIENCE
object, its velocity changes, that is, the object change the momentum of an object dependsgets an acceleration. We would now like to on the time rate at which the momentum isstudy how the acceleration of an object changed.depends on the force applied to it and how The second law of motion states that thewe measure a force. Let us recount some rate of change of momentum of an object isobservations from our everyday life. During proportional to the applied unbalanced forcethe game of table tennis if the ball hits a player in the direction of force.it does not hurt him. On the other hand, whena fast moving cricket ball hits a spectator, it 9.4.1 MATHEMATICAL FORMULATION OFmay hurt him. A truck at rest does not require SECOND LAW OF MOTIONany attention when parked along a roadside.But a moving truck, even at speeds as low as Suppose an object of mass, m is moving along5 m s–1, may kill a person standing in its path. a straight line with an initial velocity, u. It isA small mass, such as a bullet may kill a uniformly accelerated to velocity, v in time, tperson when fired from a gun. These by the application of a constant force, Fobservations suggest that the impact throughout the time, t. The initial and finalproduced by the objects depends on their momentum of the object will be, p1 = mu andmass and velocity. Similarly, if an object is to p2 = mv respectively.be accelerated, we know that a greater force The change in momentum ∝ p2 – p1is required to give a greater velocity. In other ∝ mv – muwords, there appears to exist some quantity ∝ m × (v – u).of importance that combines the object'smass and its velocity. One such property m × (v − u ) The rate of change of momentum ∝called momentum was introduced by Newton. tThe momentum, p of an object is defined as Or, the applied force,the product of its mass, m and velocity, v.That is, m × (v − u ) F∝ p = mv (9.1) t Momentum has both direction and km × (v − u ) F= (9.2)magnitude. Its direction is the same as that tof velocity, v. The SI unit of momentum is = kma (9.3)kilogram-metre per second (kg m s-1). Sincethe application of an unbalanced force brings Here a [ = (v – u)/t ] is the acceleration,a change in the velocity of the object, it is which is the rate of change of velocity. Thetherefore clear that a force also produces a quantity, k is a constant of proportionality.change of momentum. The SI units of mass and acceleration are kg Let us consider a situation in which a car and m s-2 respectively. The unit of force is sowith a dead battery is to be pushed along a chosen that the value of the constant, kstraight road to give it a speed of 1 m s-1, becomes one. For this, one unit of force iswhich is sufficient to start its engine. If one defined as the amount that produces anor two persons give a sudden push acceleration of 1 m s-2 in an object of 1 kg(unbalanced force) to it, it hardly starts. But mass. That is,a continuous push over some time results in 1 unit of force = k × (1 kg) × (1 m s-2).a gradual acceleration of the car to this speed.It means that the change of momentum of Thus, the value of k becomes 1. From Eq. (9.3)the car is not only deter mined by the F = ma (9.4)magnitude of the force but also by the timeduring which the force is exerted. It may then The unit of force is kg m s-2 or newton,also be concluded that the force necessary to which has the symbol N. The second law ofFORCE AND LAWS OF MOTION 119
motion gives us a method to measure the The first law of motion can beforce acting on an object as a product of its mathematically stated from the mathematicalmass and acceleration. expression for the second law of motion. Eq. The second law of motion is often seen in (9.4) isaction in our everyday life. Have you noticedthat while catching a fast moving cricket ball, F = maa fielder in the ground gradually pulls his m (v − u )hands backwards with the moving ball? In or F= (9.5) tdoing so, the fielder increases the time during or Ft = mv – muwhich the high velocity of the moving balldecreases to zero. Thus, the acceleration of That is, when F = 0, v = u for whatever time,the ball is decreased and therefore the impact t is taken. This means that the object willof catching the fast moving ball (Fig. 9.8) is continue moving with uniform velocity, ualso reduced. If the ball is stopped suddenly throughout the time, t. If u is zero then v willthen its high velocity decreases to zero in a also be zero. That is, the object will remainvery short interval of time. Thus, the rate of at rest.change of momentum of the ball will be large.Therefore, a large force would have to beapplied for holding the catch that may hurt Example 9.1 A constant force acts on anthe palm of the fielder. In a high jump athletic object of mass 5 kg for a duration ofevent, the athletes are made to fall either on 2 s. It increases the object's velocitya cushioned bed or on a sand bed. This is to from 3 m s –1 to 7 m s -1. Find theincrease the time of the athlete's fall to stop magnitude of the applied force. Now, ifafter making the jump. This decreases the the force was applied for a duration ofrate of change of momentum and hence the 5 s, what would be the final velocity offorce. Try to ponder how a karate player the object?breaks a slab of ice with a single blow. Solution: We have been given that u = 3 m s–1 and v = 7 m s-1, t = 2 s and m = 5 kg. From Eq. (9.5) we have, m (v − u ) F = t Substitution of values in this relation gives F = 5 kg (7 m s-1 – 3 m s-1)/2 s = 10 N. Now, if this force is applied for a duration of 5 s (t = 5 s), then the final velocity can be calculated by rewriting Eq. (9.5) as Ft v =u+ m On substituting the values of u, F, m and t, we get the final velocity,Fig. 9.8: A fielder pulls his hands gradually with the v = 13 m s-1. moving ball while holding a catch. 120 SCIENCE
Solution: Example 9.2 Which would require a greater force –– accelerating a 2 kg mass From Eq. (9.4) we have m1 = F/a1; and at 5 m s–2 or a 4 kg mass at 2 m s-2 ? m2 = F/a2. Here, a1 = 10 m s-2; a2 = 20 m s-2 and F = 5 N. Solution: Thus, m1 = 5 N/10 m s-2 = 0.50 kg; and From Eq. (9.4), we have F = ma. m2 = 5 N/20 m s-2 = 0.25 kg. Here we have m1 = 2 kg; a1 = 5 m s-2 If the two masses were tied together, and m2 = 4 kg; a2 = 2 m s-2. the total mass, m would be Thus, F1 = m1a1 = 2 kg × 5 m s-2 = 10 N; m = 0.50 kg + 0.25 kg = 0.75 kg. and F2 = m2a2 = 4 kg × 2 m s-2 = 8 N. The acceleration, a produced in the ⇒ F1 > F2. combined mass by the 5 N force would Thus, accelerating a 2 kg mass at be, a = F/m = 5 N/0.75 kg = 6.67 m s-2. 5 m s-2 would require a greater force. Example 9.5 The velocity-time graph of a Example 9.3 A motorcar is moving with a ball of mass 20 g moving along a velocity of 108 km/h and it takes 4 s to straight line on a long table is given in stop after the brakes are applied. Fig. 9.9. Calculate the force exerted by the brakes on the motorcar if its mass along with the passengers is 1000 kg. Solution: The initial velocity of the motorcar u = 108 km/h = 108 × 1000 m/(60 × 60 s) = 30 m s-1 and the final velocity of the motorcar v = 0 m s-1. The total mass of the motorcar along Fig. 9.9 with its passengers = 1000 kg and the time taken to stop the motorcar, t = 4 How much force does the table exert s. From Eq. (9.5) we have the magnitude on the ball to bring it to rest? of the force applied by the brakes F as m(v – u)/t. Solution: On substituting the values, we get The initial velocity of the ball is 20 cm s-1. F = 1000 kg × (0 – 30) m s-1/4 s Due to the friction force exerted by the = – 7500 kg m s-2 or – 7500 N. table, the velocity of the ball decreases The negative sign tells us that the force down to zero in 10 s. Thus, u = 20 cm s–1; exerted by the brakes is opposite to the v = 0 cm s-1 and t = 10 s. Since the direction of motion of the motorcar. velocity-time graph is a straight line, it is clear that the ball moves with a constant acceleration. The acceleration a is, Example 9.4 A force of 5 N gives a mass m1, an acceleration of 10 m s–2 and a v −u a = mass m2, an acceleration of 20 m s-2. t What acceleration would it give if both = (0 cm s-1 – 20 cm s-1)/10 s the masses were tied together? = –2 cm s-2 = –0.02 m s-2.FORCE AND LAWS OF MOTION 121
The force exerted on the ball F is, F = ma = (20/1000) kg × (– 0.02 m s-2) = – 0.0004 N. The negative sign implies that the frictional force exerted by the table is opposite to the direction of motion of Fig. 9.10: Action and reaction forces are equal and the ball. opposite. Suppose you are standing at rest and9.5 Third Law of Motion intend to start walking on a road. You must accelerate, and this requires a force inThe first two laws of motion tell us how an accordance with the second law of motion.applied force changes the motion and provide Which is this force? Is it the muscular effortus with a method of determining the force. you exert on the road? Is it in the directionThe third law of motion states that when one we intend to move? No, you push the roadobject exerts a force on another object, the below backwards. The road exerts an equalsecond object instantaneously exerts a force and opposite reaction force on your feet toback on the first. These two forces are always make you move forward.equal in magnitude but opposite in direction. It is important to note that even thoughThese forces act on different objects and never the action and reaction forces are alwayson the same object. In the game of football equal in magnitude, these forces may notsometimes we, while looking at the football produce accelerations of equal magnitudes.and trying to kick it with a greater force, This is because each force acts on a differentcollide with a player of the opposite team. object that may have a different mass.Both feel hurt because each applies a force When a gun is fired, it exerts a forwardto the other. In other words, there is a pair of force on the bullet. The bullet exerts an equalforces and not just one force. The two and opposite reaction force on the gun. Thisopposing forces are also known as action and results in the recoil of the gun (Fig. 9.11).reaction forces. Since the gun has a much greater mass than Let us consider two spring balances the bullet, the acceleration of the gun is muchconnected together as shown in Fig. 9.10. The less than the acceleration of the bullet. Thefixed end of balance B is attached with a rigid third law of motion can also be illustratedsupport, like a wall. When a force is applied when a sailor jumps out of a rowing boat. Asthrough the free end of spring balance A, it is the sailor jumps forward, the force on the boatobserved that both the spring balances show moves it backwards (Fig. 9.12).the same readings on their scales. It meansthat the force exerted by spring balance A onbalance B is equal but opposite in directionto the force exerted by the balance B onbalance A. The force which balance A exertson balance B is called the action and the forceof balance B on balance A is called thereaction. This gives us an alter nativestatement of the third law of motion i.e., toevery action there is an equal and oppositereaction. However, it must be rememberedthat the action and reaction always act on Fig. 9.11: A forward force on the bullet and recoil oftwo different objects. the gun. 122 SCIENCE
The cart shown in this activity can be constructed by using a 12 mm or 18 mm thick plywood board of about 50 cm × 100 cm with two pairs of hard ball-bearing wheels (skate wheels are good to use). Skateboards are not as effective because it is difficult to maintain straight-line motion. 9.6 Conservation of Momentum Suppose two objects (two balls A and B, say) of masses mA and mB are travelling in the sameFig. 9.12: As the sailor jumps in forward direction, direction along a straight line at different the boat moves backwards. velocities uA and uB, respectively [Fig. 9.14(a)]. And there are no other external unbalanced Activity ______________ 9.4 forces acting on them. Let uA > uB and the two balls collide with each other as shown in • Request two children to stand on two Fig. 9.14(b). During collision which lasts for separate carts as shown in Fig. 9.13. a time t, the ball A exerts a force FAB on ball B • Give them a bag full of sand or some and the ball B exerts a force FBA on ball A. other heavy object. Ask them to play a game of catch with the bag. Suppose vA and vB are the velocities of the • Does each of them receive an two balls A and B after the collision, instantaneous reaction as a result of respectively [Fig. 9.14(c)]. throwing the sand bag (action)? • You can paint a white line on cartwheels to observe the motion of the two carts when the children throw the bag towards each other. Fig. 9.14: Conservation of momentum in collision of two balls. From Eq. (9.1), the momenta (plural of momentum) of ball A before and after the collision are mAuA and mAvA, respectively. The rate of change of its momentum (or FAB, action) (v A − u A ) during the collision will be m A . t Similarly, the rate of change of momentum Fig. 9.13 of ball B (= FBA or reaction) during the collision (v B − u B ) Now, place two children on one cart and will be m B .one on another cart. The second law of motion tcan be seen, as this arrangement would show According to the third law of motion, thedifferent accelerations for the same force. force FAB exerted by ball A on ball B (action)FORCE AND LAWS OF MOTION 123
and the force FBA exerted by the ball B on ball Activity ______________ 9.6A (reaction) must be equal and opposite toeach other. Therefore, • Take a test tube of good quality glass FAB = – FBA (9.6) material and put a small amount of water in it. Place a stop cork at the (v A − u A ) (v B − u B )or mA = – mB . mouth of it. t t • Now suspend the test tube horizontallyThis gives, by two strings or wires as shown in Fig. 9.16. mAuA + mBuB = mAvA + mBvB (9.7) • Heat the test tube with a burner until Since (mAuA + mBuB) is the total momentum water vaporises and the cork blows out.of the two balls A and B before the collision • Observe that the test tube recoils inand (mAvA + mBvB) is their total momentum the direction opposite to the direction of the cork.after the collision, from Eq. (9.7) we observethat the total momentum of the two ballsremains unchanged or conserved provided noother external force acts. As a result of this ideal collisionexperiment, we say that the sum of momentaof the two objects before collision is equal tothe sum of momenta after the collisionprovided there is no external unbalancedforce acting on them. This is known as thelaw of conservation of momentum. Thisstatement can alternatively be given as thetotal momentum of the two objects isunchanged or conserved by the collision. Activity ______________ 9.5 • Take a big rubber balloon and inflate Fig. 9.16 it fully. Tie its neck using a thread. Also using adhesive tape, fix a straw on the • Also, observe the difference in the surface of this balloon. velocity the cork appears to have and • Pass a thread through the straw and that of the recoiling test tube. hold one end of the thread in your hand or fix it on the wall. • Ask your friend to hold the other end Example 9.6 A bullet of mass 20 g is of the thread or fix it on a wall at some horizontally fired with a velocity distance. This arrangement is shown in Fig. 9.15. 150 m s-1 from a pistol of mass 2 kg. • Now remove the thread tied on the neck What is the recoil velocity of the pistol? of balloon. Let the air escape from the mouth of the balloon. Solution: • Observe the direction in which the We have the mass of bullet, straw moves. m1 = 20 g (= 0.02 kg) and the mass of the pistol, m2 = 2 kg; initial velocities of the bullet (u 1 ) and pistol (u 2) = 0, respectively. The final velocity of the bullet, v1 = + 150 m s-1. The direction of bullet is taken from left to right (positive, by convention, Fig. 9.17). Let Fig. 9.15 v be the recoil velocity of the pistol. 124 SCIENCE
Total momenta of the pistol and bullet Example 9.7 A girl of mass 40 kg jumps before the fire, when the gun is at rest with a horizontal velocity of 5 m s-1 onto = (2 + 0.02) kg × 0 m s–1 a stationary cart with frictionless = 0 kg m s–1 wheels. The mass of the cart is 3 kg. Total momenta of the pistol and bullet What is her velocity as the cart starts after it is fired = 0.02 kg × (+ 150 m s–1) moving? Assume that there is no + 2 kg × v m s–1 external unbalanced force working in = (3 + 2v) kg m s–1 the horizontal direction. According to the law of conservation of Solution: momentum Total momenta after the fire = Total Let v be the velocity of the girl on the momenta before the fire cart as the cart starts moving. 3 + 2v = 0 The total momenta of the girl and cart ⇒ v = − 1.5 m s–1. before the interaction Negative sign indicates that the = 40 kg × 5 m s–1 + 3 kg × 0 m s–1 direction in which the pistol would = 200 kg m s–1. recoil is opposite to that of bullet, that is, right to left. Total momenta after the interaction = (40 + 3) kg × v m s–1 = 43 v kg m s–1. According to the law of conservation of momentum, the total momentum is conserved during the interaction. That is, 43 v = 200 ⇒ v = 200/43 = + 4.65 m s–1. The girl on cart would move with a velocity of 4.65 m s–1 in the direction in Fig. 9.17: Recoil of a pistol which the girl jumped (Fig. 9.18). (a) (b) Fig. 9.18: The girl jumps onto the cart.FORCE AND LAWS OF MOTION 125
If v is the velocity of the two entangledExample 9.8 Two hockey players of players after the collision, the total opposite teams, while trying to hit a momentum then hockey ball on the ground collide and = (m1 + m2) × v immediately become entangled. One = (60 + 55) kg × v m s–1 has a mass of 60 kg and was moving = 115 × v kg m s–1. with a velocity 5.0 m s–1 while the other Equating the momenta of the system has a mass of 55 kg and was moving before and after collision, in accordance faster with a velocity 6.0 m s–1 towards with the law of conservation of the first player. In which direction and momentum, we get with what velocity will they move after v = – 30/115 they become entangled? Assume that = – 0.26 m s–1. the frictional force acting between the Thus, the two entangled players would feet of the two players and ground is move with velocity 0.26 m s–1 from right negligible. to left, that is, in the direction the second player was moving beforeSolution: the collision. Fig. 9.19: A collision of two hockey players: (a) before collision and (b) after collision. Q Let the first player be moving from left to right. By convention left to right is uestions taken as the positive direction and thus 1. If action is always equal to the right to left is the negative direction (Fig. 9.19). If symbols m and u represent the reaction, explain how a horse can mass and initial velocity of the two pull a cart. players, respectively. Subscripts 1 and 2. Explain, why is it difficult for a 2 in these physical quantities refer to fireman to hold a hose, which the two hockey players. Thus, ejects large amounts of water at m1 = 60 kg; u1 = + 5 m s-1; and a high velocity. m2 = 55 kg; u2 = – 6 m s-1. 3. From a rifle of mass 4 kg, a bullet The total momentum of the two players of mass 50 g is fired with an before the collision initial velocity of 35 m s –1 . = 60 kg × (+ 5 m s-1) + Calculate the initial recoil velocity 55 kg × (– 6 m s-1) of the rifle. = – 30 kg m s-1 126 SCIENCE
4. Two objects of masses 100 g and They collide and after the collision, 200 g are moving along the same the first object moves at a velocity line and direction with velocities of 1.67 m s –1. Determine the of 2 m s–1 and 1 m s–1, respectively. velocity of the second object. CONSERVATION LAWS All conservation laws such as conservation of momentum, energy, angular momentum, charge etc. are considered to be fundamental laws in physics. These are based on observations and experiments. It is important to remember that a conservation law cannot be proved. It can be verified, or disproved, by experiments. An experiment whose result is in conformity with the law verifies or substantiates the law; it does not prove the law. On the other hand, a single experiment whose result goes against the law is enough to disprove it. The law of conservation of momentum has been deduced from large number of observations and experiments. This law was formulated nearly three centuries ago. It is interesting to note that not a single situation has been realised so far, which contradicts this law. Several experiences of every-day life can be explained on the basis of the law of conservation of momentum. What you have learnt • First law of motion: An object continues to be in a state of rest or of uniform motion along a straight line unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. • The natural tendency of objects to resist a change in their state of rest or of uniform motion is called inertia. • The mass of an object is a measure of its inertia. Its SI unit is kilogram (kg). • Force of friction always opposes motion of objects. • Second law of motion: The rate of change of momentum of an object is proportional to the applied unbalanced force in the direction of the force. • The SI unit of force is kg m s–2. This is also known as newton and represented by the symbol N. A force of one newton produces an acceleration of 1 m s–2 on an object of mass 1 kg. • The momentum of an object is the product of its mass and velocity and has the same direction as that of the velocity. Its SI unit is kg m s–1. • Third law of motion: To every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction and they act on two different bodies. • In an isolated system, the total momentum remains conserved.FORCE AND LAWS OF MOTION 127
Exercises 1. An object experiences a net zero external unbalanced force. Is it possible for the object to be travelling with a non-zero velocity? If yes, state the conditions that must be placed on the magnitude and direction of the velocity. If no, provide a reason. 2. When a carpet is beaten with a stick, dust comes out of it. Explain. 3. Why is it advised to tie any luggage kept on the roof of a bus with a rope? 4. A batsman hits a cricket ball which then rolls on a level ground. After covering a short distance, the ball comes to rest. The ball slows to a stop because (a) the batsman did not hit the ball hard enough. (b) velocity is proportional to the force exerted on the ball. (c) there is a force on the ball opposing the motion. (d) there is no unbalanced force on the ball, so the ball would want to come to rest. 5. A truck starts from rest and rolls down a hill with a constant acceleration. It travels a distance of 400 m in 20 s. Find its acceleration. Find the force acting on it if its mass is 7 metric tonnes (Hint: 1 metric tonne = 1000 kg.) 6. A stone of 1 kg is thrown with a velocity of 20 m s–1 across the frozen surface of a lake and comes to rest after travelling a distance of 50 m. What is the force of friction between the stone and the ice? 7. A 8000 kg engine pulls a train of 5 wagons, each of 2000 kg, along a horizontal track. If the engine exerts a force of 40000 N and the track offers a friction force of 5000 N, then calculate: (a) the net accelerating force; (b) the acceleration of the train; and (c) the force of wagon 1 on wagon 2. 8. An automobile vehicle has a mass of 1500 kg. What must be the force between the vehicle and road if the vehicle is to be stopped with a negative acceleration of 1.7 m s–2? 9. What is the momentum of an object of mass m, moving with a velocity v? (a) (mv)2 (b) mv2 (c) ½ mv2 (d) mv 10. Using a horizontal force of 200 N, we intend to move a wooden cabinet across a floor at a constant velocity. What is the friction force that will be exerted on the cabinet? 11. Two objects, each of mass 1.5 kg, are moving in the same straight line but in opposite directions. The velocity of each128 SCIENCE
object is 2.5 m s-1 before the collision during which they stick together. What will be the velocity of the combined object after collision? 12. According to the third law of motion when we push on an object, the object pushes back on us with an equal and opposite force. If the object is a massive truck parked along the roadside, it will probably not move. A student justifies this by answering that the two opposite and equal forces cancel each other. Comment on this logic and explain why the truck does not move. 13. A hockey ball of mass 200 g travelling at 10 m s–1 is struck by a hockey stick so as to return it along its original path with a velocity at 5 m s–1. Calculate the change of momentum occurred in the motion of the hockey ball by the force applied by the hockey stick. 14. A bullet of mass 10 g travelling horizontally with a velocity of 150 m s–1 strikes a stationary wooden block and comes to rest in 0.03 s. Calculate the distance of penetration of the bullet into the block. Also calculate the magnitude of the force exerted by the wooden block on the bullet. 15. An object of mass 1 kg travelling in a straight line with a velocity of 10 m s–1 collides with, and sticks to, a stationary wooden block of mass 5 kg. Then they both move off together in the same straight line. Calculate the total momentum just before the impact and just after the impact. Also, calculate the velocity of the combined object. 16. An object of mass 100 kg is accelerated uniformly from a velocity of 5 m s–1 to 8 m s–1 in 6 s. Calculate the initial and final momentum of the object. Also, find the magnitude of the force exerted on the object. 17. Akhtar, Kiran and Rahul were riding in a motorcar that was moving with a high velocity on an expressway when an insect hit the windshield and got stuck on the windscreen. Akhtar and Kiran started pondering over the situation. Kiran suggested that the insect suffered a greater change in momentum as compared to the change in momentum of the motorcar (because the change in the velocity of the insect was much more than that of the motorcar). Akhtar said that since the motorcar was moving with a larger velocity, it exerted a larger force on the insect. And as a result the insect died. Rahul while putting an entirely new explanation said that both the motorcar and the insect experienced the same force and a change in their momentum. Comment on these suggestions. 18. How much momentum will a dumb-bell of mass 10 kg transfer to the floor if it falls from a height of 80 cm? Take its downward acceleration to be 10 m s–2.FORCE AND LAWS OF MOTION 129
Additional Exercises A1. The following is the distance-time table of an object in motion: Time in seconds Distance in metres 0 0 1 1 2 8 3 27 4 64 5 125 6 216 7 343 (a) What conclusion can you draw about the acceleration? Is it constant, increasing, decreasing, or zero? (b) What do you infer about the forces acting on the object? A2. Two persons manage to push a motorcar of mass 1200 kg at a uniform velocity along a level road. The same motorcar can be pushed by three persons to produce an acceleration of 0.2 m s-2. With what force does each person push the motorcar? (Assume that all persons push the motorcar with the same muscular effort.) A3. A hammer of mass 500 g, moving at 50 m s-1, strikes a nail. The nail stops the hammer in a very short time of 0.01 s. What is the force of the nail on the hammer? A4. A motorcar of mass 1200 kg is moving along a straight line with a uniform velocity of 90 km/h. Its velocity is slowed down to 18 km/h in 4 s by an unbalanced external force. Calculate the acceleration and change in momentum. Also calculate the magnitude of the force required. A5. A large truck and a car, both moving with a velocity of magnitude v, have a head-on collision and both of them come to a halt after that. If the collision lasts for 1 s: (a) Which vehicle experiences the greater force of impact? (b) Which vehicle experiences the greater change in momentum? (c) Which vehicle experiences the greater acceleration? (d) Why is the car likely to suffer more damage than the truck?130 SCIENCE


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Four-star 2015 forward Derrick Jones cuts his list to nine
Aug 15, 2014, 6:00 PM EDT
Derrick Jones, a four-star small forward in the Class of 2015, set a list of his nine finalists on Thursday.
Arizona, Auburn, Florida, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisville, North Carolina, UConn and UNLV remain in the running for the Philadelphia product, Jones' father told Adam Zagoria of SNY.tv on Thursday night.
The high-level athlete had impressive July live period, scoring 31 points in a game at the Reebok Breakout Challenge in Philadelphia during the first live period. The next week, the 6-foot-6 wing, led his WE-R1 team to the Under Armour Finals title in Atlanta. In 11 games in the Under Armour Association, he averaged a team-high 12.9 points to go along with 4.8 rebounds per game.
At the Reebok Breakout Challenge, he showed an improved offensive game, as Rob Dauster noted.
"Honestly, Derrick's always had the talent to do it all. Derrick's an unselfish basketball player," Derrick Jones Sr. told Ari Rosenfeld of CityofBasketballLove.com. "Going into the summer he's adapted and said 'I have to take more, I have to do more.' Just working on his jump shot more, working on his handle more. I'm watching the kid everyday come home and go out back and work, go to the park and work. He's really dedicated and really wants to be at that level. I really know in my heart that he belongs."
Jones Sr. told Rosenfeld he expects his son to make a decision after his senior season.
Jones, who plays his high school ball at Archbishop John Carroll High, is listed as the No. 33 overall recruit in the Class of 2015, according to Rivals.
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Get Instant Pricing with Edmunds Price Promise℠
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2013 Nissan Altima Sedan 3.5 SL 4dr Sedan (3.5L 6cyl CVT)
I bought my Altima (3.5SL with technology package) in November of 2012. Now have about 20000 miles on it.
During first 1.5 years used it mostly on express ways, then mostly on the streets. Current average fuel economy is about 27.3 miles per gallon.
Since the day I bought it, did not have any problems (there were some manufacturer recalls, but they were kind of preventive actions).
So, I love this car and are happy with it so far...
2013 Nissan Altima Sedan 2.5 SL 4dr Sedan (2.5L 4cyl CVT)
I have owned 3 Altima, my latest is a 2013 SL trim. Great gas mileage....970kms on the highway, 670km/city. Sounds system awesome and the car is comfortable and peppy to drive. The only things I have found wrong is the remote start does not start from more then about 100 feet away and the bluetooth recognition doesn't always pick up the proper names. I feel this car should be rated higher then then the Honda Accord for appearance and reliability. The interior space e is quite roomy and all other features are great. I will be buying another Nissan product when the time comes.
The car shudders at 1500 to 1800 rpms ...had transmission replaced and still shudders...feels like it will stall...very dangerous. ..needs attention ASAP..can't stop driving the car....dealer sends you on way like it's ok...
2013 Nissan Altima Sedan 2.5 SV 4dr Sedan (2.5L 4cyl CVT)
I purchased the car in march of 2013. It is 2 years old, it has 66,000 miles & the dealer tells me it needs a new transmission. Nissan has refused to offer any financial assistance, because the car is 6000 miles out of warranty. I will never recommend Nissan to anybody. I definitely never purchase another Nissan!
Fix their transmission problems.
Just wanted to update my original review & revise some of the ratings (which you can't do to the original review for some reason). In the original review (@29k miles) I said the only issues were the lower-than-expected mileage, and the brake rotors that were starting to glaze. Now with 64k miles on the car (in 25 months) I can report that aside from those things the car has been perfect. I just replaced the brake pads at 63k miles, and am about to put a new set of tires on at 64k. The mileage continues to average 27-28 mpg, although I have experienced outstanding (36-37 mpg) mileage on a few long highway trips (I got 625 miles out of one tank of gas in one instance). Overall very satisfied.
Comfortable, great mileage on highway trips, reliability has been perfect thus far (knocking wood).
Change supplier for brake rotors, eliminate low-speed whistling from p/s pump/lines. I would say improve real-world gas mileage, but I have learned that the way they test for EPA mileage is not really the way most of us drive.
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Farming Today Episodes Episode guide
Farming Today This Week
The latest news about food, farming and the countryside. Presented by Charlotte Smith.
Harvest 2015, Rural Crime & the Green Belt
The latest news about food, farming and the countryside. Presented by Charlotte Smith.
Farming Today This Week
The latest news about food, farming and the countryside. Presented by Charlotte Smith.
Pig farm, Geothermal energy, Field sports
Discussion on plans to have a 30,000-pig farm in Northern Ireland.
Grouse shooting, Nantwich Cheese Show, RABI retirement home
Should driven grouse shooting be banned? Charlotte Smith hears both sides of the argument.
Dairy Song, No Lamb Week, Salmon Netting Ban
Scottish farmers use the power of song to highlight the plight of the dairy industry.
Bad Weather Delays Harvest
Cold, wet and windy weather is causing problems for farmers needing to harvest.
Coastal Harvest in Poole Harbour
Charlotte Smith dons her wellies to find out about the oyster beds in Poole Harbour.
Neonics, Badger vaccines
More details on the emergency use of neonicotinoids - and why some think it's a mistake.
Welsh cockle fishing, Maize and soil quality
Does growing maize ruin our soil? And the cockle fishermen in Wales facing a bleak season.
A 25-year plan to boost British food, Future farmers, Would you eat seaweed?
Agriculture secretary Elizabeth Truss on her 25-year plan to boost UK food and farming.
Aquaculture around British Isles, Prawn wars, Rural foodbanks
Felicity Evans hears about the 'coastal harvest' from the waters around the UK.
Tolpuddle Martyrs
A look at agricultural workers through the ages at the Tolpuddle Martyrs Festival.
Milk crisis, Rewilding, Tolpuddle Martyrs
The latest on the milk crisis and the reintroduction of wolves in Montana.
Glyphosate debate, Lamb prices, Farm safety among older workers
Charlotte Smith debates calls to limit the use of the weedkiller glyphosate.
Defra fines, Hunting ban, Rural farmworkers
Late rural farm payments are costing UK taxpayers millions of pounds in EU fines.
Ramblers Pathwatch, Barn owls, Farmworkers, Hydroponics
The Ramblers launch a new scheme to build up a picture of the country's footpaths.
Agricultural workers, TTIP, Cumbrian uplands
Are farm workers getting a raw deal when it comes to wages, hours and welfare?
Farming Today This Week: Affordable Rural Housing
Charlotte Smith visits a new affordable housing development in the heart of the Cotswolds.
Brandon Lewis, Rural housing, Fell ponies, Wool to China
Rural housing in crisis. The minister in charge responds.
Fox hunting, livestock event, rural housing
Moves to amend the 2005 Hunting Act have been met by fierce opposition from campaigners.
Farming in Greece, Housing on Exmoor, Farm payments in Wales.
How people in rural Greece are coping with financial uncertainty.
Rural Housing, Pesticide Ban, Algae Farming
Should rural areas be exempt from the government's right to buy plans?


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Recommended to use on my dog with scratching & itching problems. It works great, but leaves a little unpleasant odor.Published 26 days ago by Lana OHara
I used it by accident, grabbed the wrong shampoo bottle while washing my hair. All I can say is avoid this stuff. Read morePublished 2 months ago by JJ
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text: Always Take a Second to Admire one. Flag By: PvtToucher Channel: dat-ass-channel (More by author: Most viewed, Newest, Most Thumbs) previous next random - Fav + Fav Comment Post some SFW asses. As in just asses. I'll start it off. not mine. if repost... well nearly everything is a repost so **** it. Tags: dat | ASS | delicieus Recommend tagsx +109 Views: 6683 Favorited: 8 Submitted: 10/03/2012 Share On Facebook Remove from favorites Add to favorites Unsubscribe from PvtToucher Subscribe to PvtToucher Subscribe to dat-ass-channel Unsubscribe from dat-ass-channel


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VIDEO: African American Ohioan Explains Why She's Voting for Romney
"You're supposed to vote for the best candidate, not because he's black or white…"
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This dad punches the crap out of two girls attacking his daughter. Tell me you wouldn't do the same if a pack of thugs were beating on your child. I...Read More
Warner Todd Huston
Warner Todd Huston is a Chicago-based freelance writer, has been writing opinion editorials and social criticism since early 2001 and is featured on many websites such as Andrew Breitbart's BigGovernment.com, BigJournalsim.com and all Breitbart News' other sites, RightWingNews.com, CanadaFreePress.com, and many, many others. Additionally, he has been a frequent guest on talk-radio programs across the country to discuss his opinion editorials and current events as well as appearing on TV networks such as CNN, Fox News, Fox Business Network, and various Chicago-based news programs. He has also written for several history magazines and appears in the book "Americans on Politics, Policy and Pop Culture" which can be purchased on amazon.com. He is also the owner and operator of PubliusForum.com. Feel free to contact him with any comments or questions : EMAIL Warner Todd Huston and follow him on Twitter, on Google Plus , and Facebook.
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IRVING, Texas – Most of the draft prognosticators have linked the Cowboys to Alabama's three top defensive players, and all three are visiting with the team this week.
Cornerback Dre Kirkpatrick, safety Mark Barron and outside linebacker Courtney Upshaw are among the "top 30" visitors to meet with the coaches and front-office staff and get a look at Cowboys Stadium and Valley Ranch, according to multiple sources.
NFL rules limit teams to 30 national visitors to facilities prior to the draft, however, they do no on-field workouts. The visits are more in-depth interviews to get a feel for how a player learns or interacts. There is also a medical checkup.
While the players vary in talent and draft grades, the team's last first-round pick not to make a top-30 visit with the Cowboys prior to the draft was DeMarcus Ware in 2005.
Coach Jason Garrett attended the pro day workouts of the three Crimson Tide players last week on his way back from the NFL owners' meetings. Garrett broke into the NFL coaching business in Miami under Alabama coach Nick Saban and counts Saban as one of his mentors. Last year Garrett attended Southern Cal's pro day and the Cowboys selected Tyron Smith with their first-round pick.
In free agency, the Cowboys signed guards Mackenzy Bernadeau and Nate Livings, but the team is also looking at Stanford's David DeCastro, Georgia's Cordy Glenn, Midwestern State's Amini Silatolu and Memphis' Ronnell Leary.
Other visitors include: Boise State nose tackle Chase Baker, Cal safety D.J. Campbell, Albion cornerback Chris Greenwood, Vanderbilt cornerback Casey Hayward and Oklahoma linebacker Ronnell Lewis.
Rolando McClain to open camp on PUP
21mTodd Archer
Jerry Jones sees Joseph Randle as leader of RB committee
53mTodd Archer
Taylor: Cowboys experience good-team issues
2hJean-Jacques Taylor
Cowboys won't talk deal until Jeremy Mincey shows up
18hTodd Archer
Cowboys glad there is no Dez Watch at training camp
18hTodd Archer
Jerry Jones calls Goodell's work 'outstanding'
1hTodd Archer
Cowboys ready for the work, expectations
1dTodd Archer
Three Tide defenders to visit Cowboys


text:
Netanyahu 'shocked and outraged' after visiting hospital bedside of Palestinian burn victim
Israel hasn't done enough to combat Jewish terrorism, Rivlin says
Analysis: If you will it
Kahlon presents ministers with Arrangements Bill
Fashion: From Barcelona to Bnei Brak
Food: The continuing saga
Recipes: Time for lime
July 31: Top 10 things to do
Late goal boosts Kiryat Shmona's hopes
Hasarma to make Arab history on sidelines
Kroyter jumps back into picture as high-flying Israeli phenom
Blue-and-white moves up gear in EuroBasket preparations
Jerusalem chief rabbi visits victims of gay pride parade stabbing spree
Reports: Palestinian, 17, killed by IDF gunfire near Gaza border fence
Palestinians to haul Israel before ICC in wake of arson attack, Abbas says
Dozens of West Bank settlers treated for smoke inhalation after suspected arson by Palestinians
Terrorist fires at Israeli car in West Bank as clashes break out with IDF in Hebron
Hamas: 'Every Israeli is now a legitimate target' following Duma terror attack
Ex-hasid who committed suicide had mental issues, says family
Survivors appeal to Pope to intercede with Germany over Holocaust reparations
Jewish egg donations are hot commodity, but are they 'kosher'?
Increase in UK anti-Semitism this year 'due to better reporting'
World Jewry remembers Samuel Pisar, 'moral voice of a generation'
Netanyahu: The more one looks at the Iran accord, the worse it looks
Foreign Ministry calls Sunni Arab states 'Israel's allies'
Top US general distances himself from choice of Iran deal or war
Strategy emerges to reimpose US nuclear sanctions on Iran under a different name
Nusra Front abducts US-backed rebel leader, blunts efforts against ISIS
Iraqi militia leader says US not serious about fighting Islamic State
Canadian-Israeli anti-ISIS fighter: If we don't fight them there, they'll come here
My friends went on vacation and all I got was this stupid ISIS flag
WATCH: Jordanians march in solidarity with Palestinian 'day of rage'
Report: Top French official says if Congress rejects Iran deal, a better deal could be achieved
ISIS conned by Chechen women in internet recruitment scam
Arab MKs claim brucellosis 'epidemic' and demand budgets
Quality of Health Ministry's staff better than its image, says D-G
Knesset drops requirement for doctor's authorization for adults who want to work out in gyms
Israeli researchers: Type II diabetics should never forgo breakfast
Israel's largest solar field begins flowing to the national grid
Hydrocarbons found in second wells at Golan Heights oil project
Establish commission to examine water flow to Jordan, MK says
Steinitz, Netanyahu postpone vote on gas compromise outline
Mark Zuckerberg: Virtual reality is Facebook's next frontier
Budget deal to give NIS 18,000 'piggy bank' to 18-year-olds
Tech talk: Cybereason takes on Operation Kofer
Israeli safety app Musketeer saves lives
RX for readers: Spoiled by a sunburn
Comment: Don't let the dark side win
Jerusalem Post editorial: Don't parole Pollard
Jerusalem Post Letters to the Editor: US Jews and Iran
The fight for Israel
The lesson of Jonathan Pollard
Take two tablets!~
Sin Offering
Lincoln and the Jews
Portrait of an assassin's wife
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The story of the Sabena pilot hijacked en route to Israel
'We were the only ones left alive'
The Tower of David– Full speed ahead
This Week in Jerusalem
Get on the shabus
Remembering three lone soldiers
No worst, there is none
Walking the line:the Animix festival
Wandering through fascinating Florentin
Who Cares? Israel does
מִשִירֵי רָחֵל: אֶל אַרְצִי
מִתְנַדְבִים מִיִשְׂרָאֵל
שִירַת רַבִּים 3
'נְתִיבֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל'
The path to aliya- Indian style
The journey of Ukraine's embattled Jews to Israel
A historic win, but no slam dunk
Art is for everyone, everywhere
Susiya: Injustice On Display
Trump change the race
The new KKK is radical Islam
Politically Koret: "We're on the Table"
Immoral World Cares More about a Lion than Jewish Victims of Arab Terror
Israel's Northern stars
Israeli Church leaders blame anti-Christian attacks on government inaction
Poll: Pope Francis' approval rating dips in US ahead of September visit
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Israeli Christian group challenges BDS with new guide
New Campsite for Youth Dedicated in Maginim Forest
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Eucalyptus Park in Beit Shean Inaugurated
Tranquil Weekend in Nes Harim for Gaza Border Families
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The Ambassadors' Club of Israel Tours the Galilee with KKL-JNF
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KKL-JNF Global Landscapes Seminar at Expo 2015
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$100 Million JNF Boruchin Israel Education Advocacy Center Opens
JNF Canada Pays Tribute to the Honourable John Baird
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Jewish News
07/18/2014 02:34
WORLD JEWISH CONGRESS President Ronald Lauder with President Shimon Peres, Yair Farjoun, head of the Hof Ashkelon council, and WJC CEO Robert Singer (right) at Kibbutz Zikim yesterday.
(photo credit:WJC)
The rage fueling anti-Israel protests abroad is stoked by an unbalanced media coverage of Israel's campaign against Hamas in the Gaza Strip, World Jewish Congress President Ronald Lauder said on Thursday."First of all, let's look and see what is being portrayed," Lauder told The Jerusalem Post while driving to Sderot as head of a WJC solidarity mission. "In England, France and the US, what we are seeing on television and in the newspapers is a one-sided view."Lauder and the other members of his 78-strong WJC delegation experienced first-hand Color Red sirens as they visited communities near the Gaza border, having to rush for cover as Hamas fired rockets in the area.According to Lauder, a former US ambassador to Austria and deputy assistant secretary of defense for European and NATO affairs, the international media have not adequately portrayed the "hundreds of rockets" that have been fired into Israel by Hamas as intercepted projectiles make for boring stories."They can't show rockets being blown up in the air by one side. That's not a story. And the result is that there is this fanning of anti-Semitism."There are no pictures to be seen, so they have reporters reporting on what's happening in Gaza and they hear stories about children being killed and things like that and the result is that the Arab communities all over hear that the Israelis are going after them," he explained."No one is saying 'Hey, it was Hamas that started it.'" While portraying Israel as a Goliath against the Palestinian David, he continued, the media fan the flames of hate by seeking a "balance" between the sides."They are saying, 'My God, Israel is okay, and they are killing the poor, defenseless people in Gaza,'" and the result is that "it doesn't take much effort on behalf of organizing various riots."The subsequent violence against Jews in the Diaspora at the hands of those angered by the Middle East conflict exemplifies his contention that anti-Semitism and anti-Israel sentiments are the same."Anti-Israel [hatred] and anti-Semitism all of a sudden become one, particularly in the Diaspora where all of a sudden they go after synagogues and Jewish places," he said.During a rally in Antwerp on Saturday, protesters marched chanting "Kill the Jews."On Sunday, a mob in Paris surrounded a synagogue, fought with Jewish security guards and police and trapped congregants inside. Pro-Israel activists were physically attacked at rallies in Los Angeles and Boston, and in two incidents, men were beaten in Sweden for flying the Israel flag.Lauder objected to the caveats appended to protestations of support for Israel's right to self-defense by many countries, saying that "proportional" is a word used when "you want to accuse one side of doing something against the other.""The fact that Israel is able to defend itself with the Iron Dome and the fact that these [Hamas] missiles are less accurate [and that] fewer people are killed [is disproportional] because theoretically under that sort of balance there should have only been one person killed in Gaza," Lauder said. "It's always the question of who is the underdog."Still, foreign leaders who have visited Israel have begun to understand the realities here, he said.Norwegian Foreign Minister Borge Brende's experience in jumping into a bomb shelter with Avigdor Liberman, his Israeli counterpart, "had a major effect on the Norwegians," he said.Lauder said that he watched "the rise of anti-Semitism throughout the world" and that in some ways the situation in Europe is similar to that of the 1930s."What's happened is that once again we see that when there are economic problems, it makes anti-Semitism come alive very strongly," he said, using as an example Hungary, where the neo-Nazi Jobbik party recently captured a fifth of seats in parliament."Hungary has some very serious problems that led to the rise of the Jobbik party and [they are] using again the Jewish person as the scapegoat. It is very much a replay of what we saw in Europe in the 1930s because of the 1929 stock market crash. This lead to the whole rise of fascism and anti-Semitism," he said.The same silence that the world exhibited in regard to anti-Jewish actions during the years prior to the Holocaust is being exhibited today in the world's indifference to Iran's threats to destroy Israel, he continued.Lauder criticized the Obama administration for its Iran policy, and said that the idea of "taking another five months" in negotiating with the Islamic Republic "would push it right beyond the mid-term elections so it does not become a Democratic difficulty."The leaders of the 22 member- communities of the World Jewish Congress who traveled to Israel with Lauder spent Thursday meeting with top political figures, as well as touring cities and towns under fire and meeting with citizens.Lauder said that one of the most important things is that Diaspora Jews sought ways to get involved in helping Israel during the conflict.Jews abroad can and should send ideas to the WJC and look to start initiatives, he said."Wherever we go people open up their doors and listen," he said of the WJC.Lauder and the other members of his 78-strong WJC delegation experienced first-hand Color Red sirens as they visited communities near the Gaza border. They joined President Shimon Peres at Kibbutz Zikim, where on July 8, the IDF thwarted a terrorist attack on the kibbutz after Hamas commandos tried to land and carry out an attack there.Lauder told Peres and kibbutz members that he had been "overwhelmed by the response of the heads of Jewish communities in coming on this mission at such short notice" and that "world Jewry is united in its desire to stand side-by-side with Israel during this dangerous period."Peres warmly welcomed the WJC delegation."Today, coincidentally, we mark the 110th anniversary of Theodor Herzl's death. We know that his first dream, for the creation of a Jewish state, has been fulfilled," Peres said. "I hope his second dream will come true as well, and that is to live in peace."In Sderot, students regaled the delegation with song, while Mayor Alon Davidi thanked Lauder for his contribution to the city. "Hamas wants to bring death to this area, while we bring life. My seven children pray that the army will do its job and we pray for the safety of our soldiers," Davidi said.The mission also traveled to Sha'ar Hanegev, an area that has been one of the worst-hit by the Gazan rockets, and visited an ORT school there. Students have no more than 15 seconds to reach a shelter room in the case of a Color Red siren."You are not alone. We believe in you and stand shoulder to shoulder with the people of Israel. When you have difficulties, we stand with you," Lauder told them.
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text:
Cardinal, Bishop, and EWTN CEO Address the Class of 2014
Catholic PRWire
Father Sean O. Sheridan, TOR, Awards Degrees for the First Time as University President
STEUBENVILLE, OH (May 13, 2014) - Dignitaries at Franciscan University of Steubenville's 66th commencement implored graduates to use their knowledge to share the Gospel and to embrace God's call for their lives. The 2014 commencement exercises, which sent forth 692 graduates from the University's 40 undergraduate and 8 master's programs, marked Father Sean O. Sheridan's, TOR's, first as president of Franciscan University.
In his homily at the May 9 Baccalaureate Mass, His Eminence Daniel Cardinal DiNardo, Archbishop of Galveston-Houston, focused on the readings, which he described as "boldly intelligent about what it means to live a Christian faith and to be passionate in your convictions about that faith."
Cardinal DiNardo asked the graduates to consider the conversion of Paul in Acts, Chapter 9. "Is it a conversion? Is it a vocational call? I think it's both," he said, noting that Paul, upon losing his sight, "has to be led into town like a little kid, like a child. The obsessive, almost violent Saul needs the simplicity of the heart of a child. Have we heard that before from Someone?"
He then reflected on the Gospel of John, Chapter 6:52-59, in which Jesus reveals himself as the Bread of Life. "You will look on that mystery in the Body and Blood of the Lord, and you will be fed, and you will be united with one another," he commented.
Cardinal DiNardo made known his pride and confidence in the new graduates: "[You have] Paul behind you. You have the Bread of Life with you. And in feeding upon Him, you will abide in a way that no scholarship, no degree, no honor, no fame could ever give to you."
Prior to the Mass, Cardinal DiNardo received an honorary doctorate in sacred theology for serving the Church both nationally and internationally, and for steadily guiding one of the country's fastest growing sees.
Born in Steubenville, Cardinal DiNardo's family moved to Pittsburgh when he was 2 years old. He was ordained to the priesthood for the Diocese of Pittsburgh in 1977, serving there and in Rome for many years. In 1997, he was named coadjutor bishop of Sioux City, Iowa. In 2004, he was named coadjutor bishop of Galveston-Houston, becoming Archbishop of the same diocese in 2006. He was elevated to the College of Cardinals in 2007.
Franciscan University's graduate commencement was held the morning of May 10. His Excellency Jeffrey Monforton, bishop of Steubenville, received an honorary doctorate of sacred theology honoring his commitment to the Diocese of Steubenville and his unwavering friendship with Franciscan University.
In his speech, Bishop Monforton asked the graduates to ponder the definition of a Christian attitude and to serve as ambassadors of Christ.
He discussed Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI's assertion that education is integral to the Church's mission in proclaiming the good news. Each aspect of learning "reverberates within the ecclesial life of faith," Bishop Monforton explained, and he cautioned the graduates against hiding their faith under a "bushel basket."
"Franciscan University cannot keep the truth up on a hill. We must get out to the people of God," he urged.
"We should be aware constantly that to teach, to lead, to serve is nothing more than an act of love," Bishop Monforton stressed, invoking the words of St. Teresa of �vila, who reminded the faithful that God does not simply want deeds, but the love that prompts them.
Bishop Monforton was installed as the fifth bishop of Steubenville in September 2012, following service as rector of Sacred Heart Major Seminary in Detroit and as pastor of St. Andrew's Parish in Rochester. He previously served the Archdiocese of Detroit in several pastoral and administrative positions, also serving as personal priest secretary to Adam Cardinal Maida.
In his remarks during his first commencement ceremony as president of Franciscan University, Father Sheridan encouraged the graduate degree recipients to continue developing their relationship with Christ.
"That is how we begin to serve the Lord--through our own personal conversion, by deepening our own efforts to grow in holiness, and by living the joy of the Gospel in all that we say and do," he said. "Like St. Francis, the Poverello of Assisi, may you always be the presence of Christ to all people that God sends into your lives."
During the undergraduate commencement later that morning, Michael P. Warsaw, chairman of the board and CEO of the Eternal Word Television Network, the world's largest religious media network, received an honorary doctorate of communications for his leadership in helping Catholic media become a voice of truth in a hostile culture.
Warsaw joined EWTN in 1991 and went on to hold senior management positions in ...
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text:
Note: Select a region before finding a country.
A thunderstorm this afternoon
A t-storm in the afternoon
A t-storm around in the p.m.
Oct 28, 2012; 5:00 AM ET
The presidential election is only days away. How does the weather affect the number of people who show up to vote?


text:
List all words starting with opuntia
2 words found.
List all words starting with opuntia sorted by length or by how common the words are.
Some random words: gherao enwheel oeillade fehs my sclaff digged
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text:
Linux, Unix, VMware, Nagios, Apache, Postfix, MySQL, WHM/cPanel
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UNIX/Linux administrator
Belarus - Last active: 3 months ago - Tests: 5
I love UNIX! I love one-line shell scripts! I work with Debian, RedHat, HP-UX. Little with OpenSolaris and FreeBSD. I have experience in creating and supporting monitoring systems based on Zabbix and Nagios (several tens of servers with different OS). I am well familiar with network protocols and tools for testing and troubleshooting (wireshark, tcpdump, nmap, traceroute, etc.). I have experience in creating secure VPN tunnels based on OpenVPN, IPSec, L2TP/IPSec, GRE and PPTP. I was installing and configuring lighttpd, apache httpd, nginx, exim4, dovecot, samba, OpenLDAP, etc. I have experience with creating mail servers used in hosting company for many customers. I was working with virtualization Xen, KVM, VMware. Have experience with cloud services like Amazon EC2. I have experience in installing and configuring Oracle 10g, 11g, PostgreSQL, MySQL.
Project Management, and Service Management,
Cyprus - Last active: 4 months ago - Tests: 7 - Portfolio: 4
Demonstrable skills and experience in both Enterprise and SME (MSP Clients) Project and Programme Management, based on the principles and methodologies of industry standards such as PRINCE 2 and PMP. With further demonstrable experience of managing teams in excess of 30 members including local hire and remote resources, together with all aspects of annual performance appraisals, and contractor negotiation, with an excellent understanding of the latest ITIL methodologies for ITSM. This specific experience has been gained from over 10 years of managing distributed teams and environments across multiple time zones and cultural forums, through Application and Infrastructure Support and Project and Change Management to have a complete understanding of the both SDLC and ITSM and how to make them successfully coexist. I have developed and managed enterprise grad SLA's, OLA's, UC's and KPI's framework, for both internal IT staff and external supplier resources to meet with industry and global regulatory requirements. Responsible for ALL Sarbanes Oxley (SOX) reporting and owner of ALL SOX controls for UK. I have a professional, adaptable, and competent approach to both Resource and Stakeholder management. I am more than comfortable with working in an integrated IT environment or as a consultant. I have a strong mix of corporate enterprise, SME and entrepreneurial experience, and to expand on that, my experience has afforded me the ability to learn the complex matrix management structures and business models which predominantly gained within Global Financial Services Industries (Investment Banking and Global, Corporate and Specialty Insurance). Where conversely some of my most recent and earlier career experience was based in one of the most competitive customer service industries, and to achieve success in this, I had to be flexible to market conditions, so that I could maintain strategic focus so as to continually meet my financial targets. The combination of my career experience has provided me with the opportunities of working in USA, Belgium, France, Spain, Gibraltar, Abu Dhabi and secondments to Brazil, Mexico and APAC, for projects that I was either managing or transferring to local piers and latterly I had responsibilities for USA, Germany, Italy, Switzerland and Denmark. I am confident that I have a strong comprehension of global business environments and managing diverse IT Departments across a multicultural platform. I feel that I am confident and excellent communicator and am completely at ease with interacting and influencing piers, partners, subordinates and executive management, both internally and externally to my working environment. Throughout my career, I have remained technically competent, complemented by my training and experience with Prince 2 and ITIL methodologies. I am a strong communicator, who is confident and experienced in influencing business and IT stakeholders-up to and including-CIO/Managing Director Level.
- Project management
- technical analysis
- Nagios
- Account Management
- Microsoft Exchange Server
- Virtualization
- Microsoft Virtual Server
- Direct marketing
- Social Media Marketing
- Google Apps
- Google Docs
- Blackberry app development
- Data Backup
- Data Center Operations
- database management
- Insurance Consulting
- Risk management
- Yahoo! Messenger
- Skype
- Requirement Management
- Requirements analysis
- Vendor Management Systems
- Budgeting & Forecasting
- Helpdesk
- Service Level Management
- Oracle E-Business Suite
- Microsoft Hyper-V Server
- VMware Administration
- VMware ESX Server
- Adobe Dreamweaver
- Disaster recovery
- Business Continuity Planning
- FreePBX
- Domain Migration
- Network Security
- Network Administration
- Network Planning
- Agile software developmennt
- Basecamp
- Business Process Modeling
- Business intelligence
- Business Analysis
- Business IT Alignment
- Business Coaching