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The preliminary results are in for the Progressive gubernatorial primary recount, and it looks all but certain that party stalwart Martha Abbott will stave off a challenge from write-in candidate Annette Smith.
Abbott clung to a one-vote victory after the first tally, but the recount revealed an apparent transcription glitch in Westfield that resulted in an erroneous 53-vote jump for Smith, who serves as executive director of Vermonters for a Clean Environment.
The new unofficial count is 381-340, though the results won't become official until a judge signs off on them tomorrow.
Paradoxically, however, while the winner of the recount has bowed out of the race for governor, the loser used the occasion to formally announce her candidacy.
Smith said she'll run as a write-in candidate, and has already accepted an invitation to an Oct. 11 debate in which Randy Brock has agreed to participate. They'll keep an empty chair on the stage, in case Peter Shumlin wants to join them, which he most assuredly won't.
Vermont elections chief Kathy Scheele said the recount saga exposed shortcomings in the voting system that Secretary of State Jim Condos aims to solve by moving the primary date to earlier in August.
The narrow window of time between the Aug. 28 primary and the deadline to get general election ballots off to overseas military personnel, Scheele said, force elections officials to put in the kind of long hours that increase the likelihood of human error.
Scheele said Condos will also urge lawmakers to expand the timeframe between election day and the date on which the canvassing committee certifies elections results. The one week time period under current law she said, isn't enough.
Check out tomorrow's edition of The Times Argus and Rutland Herald for more on this story.

subset: commoncrawl


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Ashley in California
I got these for my daughter who is normally a size 2. They were like capris on her and she is only 5'1. The pants are super cute, wish they would fix their sizingRead All Reviews
Ken in BC
I bought this case to manage all my goggles and lenses. So far I have had no problems with this. The soft material on the inside resists scratching and is easy to adjust for different thicknesses of goggles. I would recommend this product.Read All Reviews
Punky in AZ
They are tough and fit goodRead All Reviews
Punky in AZ
I know they will do the job if I fallRead All Reviews
SHAWN in UT
The bag is HUGE! it has lots of room and fits everything in pretty well. The pockets on the sides are great but could be a little taller or wider so that both boots fit in one pocket. Also, I would think that there would be some sort of venting on this bag. Other than that, it's great, made of good thick material that is something you'd expect from a bag that's going to get dirty and abused. The zippers are of good quality and I love the loading handles. I wish every bag had those things.Read All Reviews
Mark in CA
does the job need to use good ironRead All Reviews


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Smart grid wins... new projects, awards and developments
It's a broad array of interesting smart grid projects and developments this week, so we will get right to it. Also, don't miss the awards recognizing CenterPoint Energy and Silver Spring Networks for their commitment to consumer education programs.
C3 Energy announced that it has been selected by Baltimore Gas and Electric (BGE), a subsidiary of Exelon Corporation, has selected its Energy Smart Grid Analytics software to achieve its goal of ensuring cost-effective, efficient, and reliable energy delivery as it continues to develop its smart grid. Read more >>
Leidos, an engineering, health and national security solutions company, was awarded the next phase of a 10-year contract with United Power to implement an additional 20,000 meters supporting the utility's advanced metering infrastructure project. United Power is a rural electric cooperative providing service to homes and businesses in Colorado'snorthern Front Range. Read more >>
Indiana Michigan Power plans to invest $500 million to upgrade northeast Indiana's facilities for distributing electricity. The project -- called "Powering Up Northeast Indiana" by the utility -- involves rebuilding and improving power lines, building some new transmission lines, building and improving substations and updating equipment. Read more >>
Elster has announced a major new release of its EIServerâ"¢ platform. EIServer version 9.1 is an end-to-end meter data collection (MDC) and meter data management (MDM) solution designed to provide utilities with high performance and cost-effective scaling for residential and C&I deployments. Read more >>
Alstom T&D has won a smart grid contract from Power Grid Corporation of India. Alstom's grid security equipment will allow Power Grid Corporation to monitor nationwide power flows on a real time basis and adjust supply and demand. Read more >>


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Hi again,
I'm sorry that I provided so vague information, but I kind of wanted to fill in the blanks myself, and just get some general advice that I can follow-up on. Of course, I did not expect any consulting services for free. However, I realize now that I should have provided more information, in addition to not assuming that people can read my mind. Also, I'm not so used on posting on forums, and my experience in computers is in a different field; although the boss asked me to act as a kind of personal consultant when the actual external network consultants are brought in. After doing some more research, I think that I have a pretty good idea on what kind of setup we need.
Basically Im understanding that you are going to tell the actual external network consultants: "We need a network that will run Windows Server 2008 that will have 15 employees working on site. We have a server and conference room. Guest and additional visiting employees (what does this even mean I have no idea) need connection to the network. Wireless is important. Employees offsite should be able to connect to the network. We need a backup solution."
The question that first pops in my head is why do you need Windows Server 2008? Depending on your reply, we can move on to other aspects or get into why and why not a server running Windows Server 208 needs to be used for the reasons you just stated.
Id REALLY recommend you have some sort of plan and idea (a drawing like Budman gave you would also be awesome) and a budget. We still have no budget. If we have a dollar, we would tell you this is (close) to impossible. If we have a billion, we could have space to give you future expansion.


text:
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CARSON, Calif. -- Landon Donovan was not to be denied on Sunday evening.
The LA Galaxy forward took sole possession of the MLS Regular Season goal scoring tally with a finish in the -- minute against the Philadelphia Union. The goal caps an emotional week for Donovan who was left off Jurgen Klinsmann's 23-man roster for the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil. Donovan expressed his frustration on Saturday in his first training session back with the team, going as far to say that he believed he would be in contention to start.
The goal came in the 49th minute as Donovan finished a Robbie Keane cross for the record breaking goal.
Thoughts on Donovan's goal?
Share them below.
CARSON, Calif. -- The LA Galaxy Alumni defeated the Galaxy U-18's in their Alumni match as part of "Galaxy Family Reunion Night."
Cobi Jones and Jovan Kirovski scored for the Galaxy Alums in their first victory in the alumni match in two years.
Check out a photo gallery of the match below. Tell me how many ex-Galaxy stars you can count in the comments section.
You've heard about it for the last month in multiple videos featuring LAGalaxy.com digital types, but at long last, the M-Ball is really here.
The LA Galaxy will give away 10,000 M-Ball's (a peanut M&M shaped soccer ball) at the conclusion of Sunday's match against the Philadelphia Union. Fans will be able to put their M-Ball in their cars before returning to watch LA Galaxy II's match against Oklahoma City Energy FC at 8:00 p.m. PT without risk of missing out on the match. If you're unable to come on Sunday and want your own M-Ball, you can enter to win here.
You can still purchase tickets to the Galaxy Family Reunion by clicking here.
CARSON, Calif. -- In the latest edition of "What to Watch For" sponsored by C.J. Wilson Mazda, Cobi Jones and Joe Tutino break down LA's match against the Philadelphia Union
Check it out below.
In the latest edition of LAGalaxy.com's By the Numbers, we look at LA's match against the Philadelphia Union.
Check it out below.
Below is video of Landon Donovan's media availability from Saturday.
Check it out below.
CARSON, Calif. -- Below are a few notable quotes from Landon Donovan's media availbility.
Donovan was told after training on Thursday that he'd be excluded from the U.S. National Team's 23-man squad for the 2014 FIFA World Cup.
Check it out below...
(On whether he'd still go sabbatical again back in 2013 in retrospect...)
DONOVAN: Yeah, I would absolutely do the same thing. My performances and my stats and the way I've played since my sabbatical, I think, stand for themselves and speak for themselves, so I actually think I've been a much better player since I've came back.
(On Jonathan Klinsmann's tweet on his exclusion...)
DONOVAN: "To be honest, I don't really know his son well, so I'm not really sure where that came from.
(On whether he was pigeonholed by Klinsmann into being a forward...)
DONOVAN: "I think one of the real good attributes in my entire career has been my ability to play in a lot of different positions, a lot of different roles. Also, although I'm an attacking player, I think I help the team defend in certain ways. I think I help the team get results in certain ways, even when it's not attacking-wise. I think I have a lot of versatility, and I think my experiences over the years have contributed to me being able to do that, so I think I would have been able to help in a lot of ways."
(On if he thought the snub was personal...)
DONOVAN: "I think if I'm being judged solely on what happens in camp, then I absolutely deserved to be going to Brazil."
(On whether he'd retire from international duty...)
DONOVAN: "Honestly, I haven't had much time to think about that. I love this country. I love playing for this country. I've always loved representing this country, so I can't imagine that if I'm given another opportunity that I would say no, but assuming that I'm still capable. But at this point, I'm just trying to deal with the disappointment."
CARSON, Calif. -- Landon Donovan could not hide his disappointment from being excluded by the U.S. National Team for the 2014 FIFA World Cup, but the 32-year-old refused to allow the shock to envelop him.
Donovan spoke to the media for the first time on Saturday ahead of Sunday's match against the Philadelphia Union where LA head coach Bruce Arena has already declared that he'd be available to play. In a nearly 15 minute discussion with members of the local and national media, Donovan said plainly that he did not agree with the U.S. head coach Jurgen Klinsmann's assessment that he was a step below his teammates at training camp, even going as far to say that he "not only thought [he] was part of the 23, but thought that he was in contention to be starting."
Much of the conversation regarding Donovan's exclusion has centered around a potential personal issue between himself and the U.S. boss and on Saturday when asked if there was an issue, Donovan revealed his thoughts.
"I thought that if I was only judged on what happened in camp, I deserved to be in Brazil," said Donovan.
But now that Donovan is back in the white of a Galaxy uniform instead of the red, white and blue, he's only looking at the future.
I think it was very important for me, from both a personal and a professional perspective, to address it and speak about it, but after today I won't be speaking about it anymore," said Donovan. "I want to focus on the Galaxy and doing what I need to do here, and I really urge people to support the team, because going to a World Cup is an unbelievable experience, and there's a lot of guys who are going for the first time, and they need support.
"There's a lot of guys who are going for a second or third time, but it's still such an exciting experience, and I don't want there to be a negative tint to any of this. We're all professionals. We're all men, and we have to handle things like this. I think it's important that we support our team and support our nation. They need us."
More to come.


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STDs in Men Overview Center - St. Petersburg, FL
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St. Petersburg Urologist Doctors for STDs in Men Overview
Type of Physician: Urologist
What is a Urologist? A certification by the Board of Urology; practitioners are competent to manage medical and surgical disorders of the adrenal gland and of the genitourinary system. Urologists have comprehensive knowledge of, and skills in, various surgical techniques for innate and acquired conditions of the reproductive and urinary systems and their related structures.
Specialty: Urology
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St. Petersburg, Florida
St. Petersburg (often shortened to St. Pete) is a city in Pinellas County, Florida, United States. The city is known as a vacation destination for North American and European vacationers.
With a purported average of some 360 days of sunshine each year, it is nicknamed "The Sunshine City." For that reason, the city is a popular tourist and retirement destination, especially for those in the United States from colder Northern climates ? particularly New York City, Detroit, and Chicago. However, in recent years the population has shifted in a more youthful direction.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Petersburg,_Florida)
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Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are infections transmitted during sexual contact. STDs are often referred to as sexually transmitted infections (STIs). STDs can be transmitted during any...
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Planning your holiday? Visit our consumer website
Great Britain is the largest single market for tourism to the island of Ireland, delivering almost 50% of all overseas visitors and around one-third of all overseas tourism revenue. GB is also hugely significant for tourism to Northern Ireland.
Latest available data indicates that visitors from GB grew strongly in 2014. Figures from Ireland's Central Statistics Office (CSO) show visitor growth of +6% from GB last year. Figures from the Northern Ireland Research and Statistics Agency show holidaymaker growth of +1% in 2014.
Further growth is anticipated in 2015 and early indications from the CSO suggest GB visitors to Ireland were up 10% in the period January to May 2015. No 2015 results are available yet for Northern Ireland.
Latest stats and insights on the British market
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This is a project I am working on right now. Basically, is a website where you can swap items with people near you. It will be released for spanish people.
I've been very focused on the UX and UI. Must to be simple and easy to use over all.
It's unfinished yet!
More Pedro García
keyboard shortcuts: ← previous shot → next shot L or F like Z toggle zoom


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Yes, Fox has announced its fall 2011 premiere dates, which will get a big advertising boost after Fox airs the "Primetime Emmy Awards" on Sept. 18. "Fringe," "Glee," "Raising Hope" and new shows "The X Factor" and "New Girl" all premiere that week.
(For Central time zone)
Saturday, Sept. 10
7 p.m.: "Cops" (season premiere)
7:30 p.m.: "Cops" (encore episode)
Sunday, Sept. 18
7 p.m.: "63rd Primetime Emmy Awards"
Tuesday, Sept. 20
7 p.m.: "Glee" (season premiere)
8 p.m.: "New Girl" (series premiere)
8:30 p.m.: "Raising Hope" (season premiere)
Wednesday, Sept. 21
7 p.m.: "The X Factor" (series premiere, part 1)
Thursday, Sept. 22
7 p.m.: "The X Factor" (series premiere, part 2)
Friday, Sept. 23
7 p.m.: "Kitchen Nightmares" (season premiere)


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"Isalo: an impressive park" Tangorombohitr' Isalo by Norali
Tangorombohitr' Isalo Travel Guide: 41 reviews and 89 photos
Well !! What would you find in this page ?
Some scientifical explanations about the fauna and flora of Isalo National Park. **Cough cough**, they rather be explanation but not scientifical, I guess :);
Some reflections on Madagascar social & economical situations through the fate of this amazing canyon, home of ancestors' spirit but spoilt by sapphire extraction. OK.. you don't care about my feelings. Right ! And I can recall that since VT is about travel. Still, in countries such as Madagascar, the fate of those interesting national parks are tightly linked to how decisionmakers deal with environmental issue. So far, national parks, esp. this one, have known a poor fate, with most of it fauna listed on endangered species.
Just go there and see the interesting faunas and floras of Isalo Canyon, have a path in the fresh rockpool water. After all, visitors are always welcome, more than ever especially regarding the situation. You are curious to find out why now? OK, read my General tips before the other categories and you'll know.
*** Though the destination is Tangorombohitr' Isalo (Isalo massif), what I would talk about here is about Isalo National Park, a State park that includes the Northern part of the massif. This is, so far, the most attractive feature of the area... aside Sapphire extraction business. ***
Mind your step, I am building SLOWLY this page. Figures are taken from this Malagasy website:
I am not that clever to guess about number of species there, the surface of the park... but I thought it fair, for you, to have me translating it in English, didn't I? ;-p
The massif, and then the Isalo NP (occupying the Northern part of the massif) is located in Fianarantsoa province. We reached it after some 280 km drive from Fianarantsoa.
It is located 700 km drive on Nationale 7 from Antananarivo (Tana), 683 km South- West of the capital more precisely... or 243 km North of Toliara.
65 minutes walking from Ranohira, where my favourite hotel, Relais de la Reine is.
When visiting this park, pay close attention to what ANGAP guides tell you. They will inform you about things not to be done, places you cannot access.
For instance, the rocks are places that contain mortal remains. In fact, in this particular region, people let the dead corpses in the rocks. So, the whole canyon is kind of sacred since it contains spirit of Malagasy ancestors.
By the way, the lemurs that you will find there, in the Valley of Lemurs, are considered as Malagasy ancestors. Looking them acting sometimes makes me feel weird. They just behave, pose like humans sometimes.
A bit of freshness at the end of your excursions: diving in this crystal rockpool water....
Apart from that, you will find some plants of weird shape there. Find the pics in my travelogues.
- Pros:Silence, isolation, the rockpool water
- Cons:Isolation
- In a nutshell:A place I would like to camp... in group with weirds plants, lemurs, unusual tombs
Reviews (36)
I haven't had any chance to camp within the park. Still, the nightlife tip that came to my mind was camping. And yes,... more travel advice
It's so obvious: hiking would be your n?1 sport in there. Depending on the circuit you've chosen, you will have to pay... more travel advice
This is the tourist trap n?1 while visiting the parks in Madagascar. For one main reason, unless you are botanist /... more travel advice
OK... writing those tips just remind me that what I consider as mundane experiences can be must-see for others (for... more travel advice
Off The Beaten Path (3)See All Springs in this dry area
Favorites (13)See All Rivulets
What to Pack (1)Where here would you find....
Local Customs (1)Sakalava tombs in those rocks
Hotels (2)See All If I have to choose...
Been to Tangorombohitr' Isalo?Share your travels with the world!
Comments (14)
Hello! 'just saw your Tangorombotir' tip.....and hiking! I could well do with that!:~)) Especially in those beautiful parts!:~))
The Rockpools looks so inviting hahaha Beautiful Landscape and Lemurs , they really cute. Nice one Norali
I enjoyed reading your page. I'd love to visit Madasgascar one day, just to see the geckos! The gecko you mentioned being the largest was Phelsuma gigas which is now extinct sadly :( It was believed to be around 24 inches in length!
please tell us if commercial logging has affected forests in Mafagascar ? ;-|||
Woo-Hoo!!! You got it! I'm so proud of myself .... I learned to send something via snail-mail! [says the internet junkie] tee-hee
I had no idea where this place was - never even heard of it. Some really great tips - it must have been a wonderful trip! Good answer to my question too! Andy
Yes, amazing is the word, great tips.
beautiful place! it's amazing!
Hey little rock pool queen, really a cool site. Whenever I come to Madagascar (and one day for sure) I will definitely go there :-) Holger
Not very confortable for a King in those trees :-) Mmm! you've worked hard again.
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32 year old man | Flatbush, NY, USA | Seeking women 18-39 within 50 miles of Brooklyn, NY
I like to be a free spirit. Some don't like that, but that's the way I am.
Basically I'm looking for an women who is kind, smart, attractive, has a cool level head on her shoulders. Also she must be unique and very goal orientated you don't have to have everything you would like to have yet but I won't her to know how she's gonna get it and or she is open minded as to how to go about getting what she wan's basically looking for teamates. ppl who when we start out we have nothing together but when we put are minds together we can work wonders by allowing God to guide are talents and help each other achieve each others goals I am not looking necessarily for a girlfriend as much as I'm looking for team partners who may just be really good friends but anything can happen so i won't put a block where there's none needed well if any open minded ladies preferably young attractive nothing against older women just have to look young fit or if you basically think you have what it takes get at me I'm not intimidated at all by anyone.....well good mark good set go ladiesss...lol just a little humor
Book club , Camping , Coffee and conversation , Business networking , Cooking , Dining out , Fishing/Hunting , Gardening/Landscaping , Hobbies and crafts , Movies/Videos , Museums and art , Music and concerts , Exploring new areas , Nightclubs/Dancing , Performing arts , Playing cards , Playing sports , Religion/Spiritual , Shopping/Antiques , Travel/Sightseeing , Video games , Watching sports
Aerobics, Basketball, Billiards / Pool, Bowling, Cycling, Dancing, Inline skating, Running, Soccer, Swimming, Walking / Hiking, Weights / Machines
I don't exercise regularly.
I like Birds, Cats, Dogs, Exotic Pets, Fish, Horses, Other
I have no pets right now. I love all types of pets.
Some other viewpoint
i like to travel to Trinidad and Tobago to visit my family and relatives. I would like to go to Brazil, the United Kingdom, France, Mexico, Spain, and China. I have been to Canada and Trinidad and Tobago only so far.
My favourite food is of course the cuisine of Trinidad and Tobago. My favourite televison show is WWE Raw. My favourite dish is crab and callalloo. My favourite actor is Samuel L. Jackson. My favourite actress is Angela Bassett.
I like to do a lot of things in my free time. I like to go watch movies in a movie theater, I like to visit museums, I like to go to watch live sports events in a stadium, I like to watch broadway plays and musicals, and I like to exercise sometimes.
The last novel that i read was Roots: The Saga of an American Family by Alex Haley.It was a good read. I felt a connection with the story because I got to learn what it was like to be a slave in the institution of slavery. Slavery was bad.
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|What he is looking for
|5'8" (172cms)
|3'0" (91cms) to 8'11" (271cms)
|Body type:
|About average
|Slender, Big and beautiful, About average, Curvy, Athletic and toned, Full-figured, Heavyset, A few extra pounds, Stocky
|Black, Blue, Brown, Grey, Green, Hazel
|Auburn / Red, Black, Light brown, Dark brown, Blonde, Salt and pepper, Silver, Dark blonde, Grey, Platinum, Bald
|No Way
|No Way
|Other profession
|Administrative / Secretarial, Artistic / Creative / Performance, Executive / Management, Financial / Accounting / Real Estate, Labor / Construction, Legal, Medical / Dental / Veterinary / Fitness, Political / Govt / Civil Service / Military, Retail / Food services, Retired, Sales / Marketing, Self-Employed / Entrepreneur, Student, Education / Teacher / Professor, Technical / Science / Computers / Engineering, Travel / Hospitality / Transportation, Other profession, Nonprofit / Volunteer / Activist, Law enforcement / Security / Military, Fashion / Model / Beauty, Architecture / Interior design
A mental health recovery specialist is a person who assists the medical staff in dealing with a patient recently diagnosed with a mental illness.
|$35,001 to $50,000
|Less Than $25,000, $25,001 to $35,000, $35,001 to $50,000, $50,001 to $75,000, $75,001 to $100,000, $100,001 to $150,000, $150,001+
|Never Married
|Never Married, Widow / Widower, Divorced
|Have kids:
|Wants kids:
|Black / African descent
|Asian, Black / African descent, East Indian, Latino / Hispanic, Middle Eastern, Native American, Pacific Islander, White / Caucasian, Other
I am an African-American of Trinidadian descent.
|Christian / Protestant
|Agnostic, Atheist, Buddhist / Taoist, Christian / Catholic, Christian / LDS, Christian / Protestant, Hindu, Jewish, Muslim / Islam, Spiritual but not religious, Other, Christian / Other
I am a born again christian.
|High school
|High school, Some college, Associates degree, Bachelors degree, Graduate degree, PhD / Post Doctoral
I am a high school graduate.


text:
Hungarian Bread Soup
29 Aug 2010
|Bacon slices
|6 , diced
|Stale bread slices
|6 , cut into cubes
|Beef stock
|2 1⁄2 Cup (40 tbs) (Homemade Or Canned)
|1 Tablespoon (Or To Taste)
|3 , beaten
Fry bacon until transparent.
Add bread cubes and continue frying until bacon is very crisp and bread cubes are golden.
In a medium saucepan, combine beef stock and 2 cups boiling water.
Return to a boil.
Add bread cubes and bacon.
Season with paprika.
When soup is boiling vigorously, add eggs in a thin stream, stirring constantly.
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Hungarian Bread Soup Recipe


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Home > Skateboarding > decks > James Jarvis for Heroin Skateboards
Heroin Skateboards just released a sneak peek at their upcoming collaboration series with James Jarvis. Just like anything the pioneering UK artist puts his pen to, its going to be rad. Stay tuned for release details.
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William Hanaway eBooks
eBooks found: 1
Literacy in the Persianate World
William Hanaway & William L. Hanaway & Brian Spooner
University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeol, March 2012
Format: PDF
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Bradley Wiggins's Sky mentor Sean Yates joins Tinkoff-Saxo for 2015
How I came to love L'Eroica
The thing I know most about is beards, the thing I know almost as much about is bikes. I guess that's why Brooks England invited me along as a guest to…
Chiropractor has saved my cycling – and my back
A bad back needn't be the end of your cycling - seek specialist help!
Dr. Hutch: Outwitted by Sir Chris Hoy
If you're going to make a colossal arse of yourself, make sure you do it in front of the Britain's greatest ever Olympian, says the Doc
The rain won't stop us cycling
Here comes the rain again, but us cyclists have plenty of reasons to be cheerful
Cycling Weekly Box Hill Original: A fantastic finale
Sun shines on a brilliant Box Hill Original sportive
Three Peaks blog Part 5; up, down, up, down, up, down, rest!
Simon Scarsbrook aimed to take part in his 18th Three Peaks Cyclo-Cross this year, this is how he got on...
Irresponsible drivers are creating chaos for cyclists
Drivers lose patience when it comes to waiting for cyclists
Final week: Three Peaks blog
Rest has been the order of the week. It is always something I struggle to maintain enough of. When, sometime around the late 1980's, I worked out that I wasn't…
Save the best for last
Our original, biggest and best sportive brings the season to a close in just 10 days' time. The Box Hill Original goes from strength to strength and now boasts a…


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< Back to front page Text size – +
Red Sox sign Dahlstrand
Posted by Peter Abraham, Globe Staff June 28, 2010 06:07 PM
Two draft signings to report:
10th-round pick Jacob Dahlstrand agreed to terms today and will pass on his scholarship to Houston. The 6-foot-5, 205-pound righthander played for Memorial High.
The Sox also made official the signing of their fifth-round pick, Henry Ramos. The outfielder attended Alfonso Casta Martinez High in Maunabo, Puerto Rico.
The Sox have signed six of their first 13 picks.
Follow Boston Globe Red Sox news on Facebook
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text:
A switchable stereoscopic display system, wherein the switchable stereoscopic display system can display two-dimensional and three-dimensional images, includes: an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display device; Electronics that rapidly updates individual OLEDs; and a linearly polarizer for the OLED display device. Additionally, a circular polarizing layer changes light from linearly polarized light to circular polarized light. A polarization layer, on top of the circular polarization layer, switches a polarization direction of emitted light within the OLED display device. Other electronics switches the polarization direction within independent segments of the polarization layer. Refreshed OLEDs are synched with the independent segments of the polarization layer.
1. A switchable stereoscopic display system, wherein the switchable stereoscopic display system can display three-dimensional images, comprising:
an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display device including a two-dimensional array of light emitting elements;
a first electronic means for rapidly updating individual OLEDs;
means for linearly polarizing light emitted from the two-dimensional array of light emitting elements in the OLED display device;
a circular polarizing layer capable of changing light from linearly polarized light to circular polarized light;
a polarization layer, on top of the circular polarization layer, and capable of switching a polarization direction of emitted light from a right-handedness to a left-handedness or alternatively switch polarization direction from a left-handedness to a right-handedness;
a second electronic means for causing the switching of polarization direction within independent segments of the polarization layer, during a first time period, wherein the emitted light from a first subset of the independent segments is provided either left-handedness polarization or right-handedness polarization and the emitted light from a second subset of the independent segments is provided an opposite polarization from the polarization of the first subset of independent segments, and during a second time period, polarization handedness of the first and second subset of independent segments reverses; and
temporal synchronization means for synching refreshed OLEDs with the independent segments of the polarization layer such that individual OLEDs are switched synchronously with the polarization handedness of the independent segments allowing each individual OLED to provide high-resolution of image information and to reduce flickering of the image information, for a display user.
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The invention relates generally to the field of Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) Displays, and in particular to Stereoscopic OLED displays. More specifically, the invention relates to an OLED display that provides a stereoscopic image using polarized light.
Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) displays are known in the art. These displays are typically formed from a two-dimensional array of light emitting OLEDs. These solid-state emissive displays typically provide a high contrast ratio for static and dynamic patterns and wide viewing angle, thus providing a very high quality two-dimensional image.
Stereoscopic displays are also known in the art. These displays may be formed using a number of techniques; including barrier screens such as discussed by Montgomery in U.S. Pat. No. 6,459,532 and optical elements such as lenticular lenses as discussed by Tutt et al in U.S. Patent Application 2002/0075566. Each of these techniques concentrates the light from the display into a narrow viewing angle, providing an auto-stereoscopic image. Unfortunately, these techniques typically reduce the perceived spatial resolution of the display since half of the columns in the display are used to display an image to either the right or left eye. These displays also reduce the viewing angle of the display, reducing the ability for multiple users to share and discuss the stereoscopic image that is being shown on the display.
Among the most commercially successful stereoscopic displays to date have been displays that either employed some method of shuttering light such that the light from one frame of data is able to enter only the left or right eye and left and right eye images are shown in rapid succession. Two methods have been employed in this domain; including displays that employ active shutter glasses or passive polarizing glasses. Systems employing shutter glasses display either a right or left eye image while an observer wears active LCD shutters that allow the light from the display to pass to only the appropriate eye. While this technique has the advantage that it allows a user to see the full resolution of the display and allow the user to switch from a monoscopic to a stereoscopic viewing mode, the update rate of the display is typically on the order of 120 Hz, providing a 60 Hz image to each eye. At this relatively low refresh rate, most observers will experience flicker resulting in significant discomfort if the display is used for more than a few minutes within a single viewing session. Even when the display is refreshed at significantly higher rates, flicker is often visible when the display is large and/or high in luminance.
Displays employing polarization have also been discussed and employed. For example, Wolk et al in U.S. Pat. No. 6,485,884 has discussed the design and manufacture of an OLED display that emits linear polarized light and that can be used to provide a stereoscopic display. Using this approach, the organic materials are oriented when patterned onto the substrate such that they emit linearly polarized light. When these materials are patterned such that alternating columns have different linear polarizations and the observer wears glasses in which each lens has a different linear polarization, each eye sees the light from alternating columns in the display. Using this display, a stereoscopic image can be displayed with every other column of pixels from the left and right eye images being displayed on alternating columns of the display. While this method provides a stereoscopic image, the resulting stereoscopic image has half the spatial resolution of display. Since the polarization is permanently fixed during the manufacture of the display, alternating columns on this display always have different polarizations and alternating columns will vary significantly in appearance when the display is viewed without polarized glasses that provide the stereoscopic effect, making the display of little use when viewed without appropriately polarized glasses. Further, it is well known that stereoscopic displays formed using linear polarization suffer from a number of artifacts; including narrowing of display's viewing angle and cross-talk (i.e., leakage of light intended for one eye to the other eye) when the linear polarized glasses are turned to an angle other than perpendicular to the columns of the display.
It is known in the art that displays employing circularly polarized light provide many advantages over displays that employ linear polarized displays. Specifically, these displays do not suffer from significantly increased cross-talk when the observer tilts his or her head. These displays typically provide a linear polarizing layer, a quarter-wave plate to create circularly polarized light, and a switchable or patterned half-wave plate to rotate the handedness of the polarization for half of the image. Byatt, 1981 (U.S. Pat. No. 4,281,341) has described a system employing a switchable polarizer that is placed in front of a CRT and performs very similarly to shutter glasses, using the polarization to select which eye will see each image. This system has the advantage over shutter glasses that the user does not need to wear active glasses, but otherwise suffers from the same deficiencies, including flicker.
Lipton, 1985 (U.S. Pat. No. 4,523,226) described a display system that will not suffer from flicker, but instead uses two separate video displays and optics to present the images from the two screens appropriately for the two eyes. While this display system does not suffer from the same visual artifacts as the system employing switchable polarization that was described by Byatt, the system requires two separate visual displays and additional optics, providing increasing the cost of such a system.
Circular polarization has also been used in systems to provide lower resolution images without flicker, using an approach that is similar to that employed in barrier screen displays. Lipton 1997 (U.S. Pat. No. 5,686,975) and Ma, 2000 (U.S. Pat. No. 6,020,941) each describe display systems where alternating columns of a display device are each provided with circular polarizers that are arranged in columns, such that alternating columns provide light that is circularly polarized with left and right handed orientation. By changing the handedness of the polarization in this way, and by wearing polarized glasses, each eye is provided alternating columns of the information from the display. However, as the handedness of the polarization of the light is kept constant during display of stereoscopic imagery, the resolution is reduced due to the fact that each eye can only see half of the columns of the display while viewing stereoscopic imagery. Faris, 1998 (U.S. Pat. No. 5,844,717) and Faris, 2002 (U.S. Pat. No. 6,359,664) have described similar displays that provide stereoscopic images by arranging a two-dimensional array of micropolarizers on a display surface with each eye being able to see a checkerboard pattern of the image. These micropolarizers are static and therefore each of the observers' eyes once again see only half the resolution of the display. It is notable, that since each eye sees only half the area of the display, the perceived brightness of the display is also reduced by a factor of two. These polarized displays suffer from one additional constraint due to the fact that the transmission of the polarizing layer is wavelength dependent. Because of this effect, the color purity of the display and often the viewing angle is reduced by the presence of the polarizer as different colored pixels of light pass through a single polarizer that has not been optimized to transmit the luminance at the center wavelength of the emitted light.
Kalmanash in U.S. Pat. No. 4,877,307 discussed the wavelength sensitivity of the circular polarizing layer and proposed a CRT with three sheets of circular polarizers that are stacked between a linear polarizing layer and an active retarder for manipulating the handedness of the polarization. In this display device, each of the circular polarizing layers are composed of materials having a center wavelength that is matched to the peak wavelength of the red, green, and blue emitters in the display device. This stack of three circular polarizing layers was proposed to improve the circular polarization of the colored light from the three-color display. Unfortunately, Kalmanash does not address the problem that each of the circular polarizers can affect polarization over a range of wavelengths and therefore the circular polarizers at the top of the stack may interfere with and, for some wavelengths of the light, will reduce the circular polarization that is introduced by the circular polarizers at the bottom of the stack. Kalmanash also fails to solve the problem that the active half-wave retarded that is used to rotate the handedness of the circular polarization is also highly wavelength dependent and is therefore incapable of fully changing the handedness of circular polarized light that includes a broad range of wavelengths with multiple peaks as is common within a color imaging device.
The present invention solves problems related to stereoscopic displays including cost, perceived spatial resolution, viewing angle distortion, and reduced brightness.
The present invention is directed to overcoming one or more of the problems set forth above. Briefly summarized, one aspect of the present invention provides a switchable stereoscopic display system, wherein the switchable stereoscopic display system can display two-dimensional and three-dimensional images, that includes an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display device; a first electronic means for rapidly updating individual OLEDs; and means for linearly polarizing the OLED display device. Also included in the present invention are a circular polarizing layer capable of changing light from linearly polarized light to circular polarized light; a polarization layer, on top of the circular polarization layer, and capable of switching a polarization direction of emitted light within the OLED display device; a second electronic means for causing the switching of polarization direction within independent segments of the polarization layer; and synchronization means for synching refreshed OLEDs with the independent segments of the polarization layer.
The present invention has the advantage of providing a stereoscopic OLED display with full spatial resolution, without perceptible artifacts such as flicker and cross talk. The present invention will ideally have a large color gamut and viewing angle as it will effectively produce and alter the handedness of circularly polarized light from a full color display.
The above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent when taken in conjunction with the following description and drawings wherein identical reference numerals have been used, where possible, to designate identical features that are common to the figures, and wherein:
To facilitate understanding, identical reference numerals have been used, where possible, to designate identical elements that are common to the figures.
The invention described herein takes advantage of the fact that while the human visual system is sensitive to patterns that are displayed with high temporal frequency when these patterns are displayed with low spatial frequency, the human visual sensitivity has relatively low sensitivity to patterns that are displayed with high temporal frequencies when the spatial pattern is also high in frequency.
Looking at
This property of the human visual system may be exploited to form a stereoscopic flat panel display as shown in
The display device 10 may be any solid state display device including plasma displays capable of forming a two dimensional image to a human observer and updating the image such that the information in each column of the display is updated synchronously with the switchable half wave plate. However, the display device 10, will ideally be an OLED display device. These display devices may include very simple structures comprising a single anode and cathode to more complex devices, such as passive matrix displays comprised of orthogonal arrays of anodes and cathodes to form pixels, and active-matrix displays where each pixel is controlled independently, for example, with a thin film transistor (TFT). There are numerous configurations of the organic layers wherein the present invention can be successfully practiced.
A cross section of a typical light emitting OLED is shown in
The OLED device of this invention is typically provided over a supporting substrate 42 where either the cathode or anode can be in contact with the substrate. The electrode in contact with the substrate is conveniently referred to as the bottom electrode. Conventionally, the bottom electrode is the anode, but this invention is not limited to that configuration. The substrate can either be light transmissive or opaque, depending on the intended direction of light emission. The light transmissive property is desirable for viewing the EL emission through the substrate. Transparent glass or plastic is commonly employed in such cases. For applications where the EL emission is viewed through the top electrode, the transmissive characteristic of the bottom support is immaterial, and therefore can be light transmissive, light absorbing or light reflective. Substrates for use in this case include, but are not limited to, glass, plastic, semiconductor materials, silicon, ceramics, and circuit board materials. Of course it is necessary to provide in these device configurations a light-transparent top electrode.
When EL emission is viewed through anode 40, the anode should be transparent or substantially transparent to the emission of interest. Common transparent anode materials used in this invention are indium-tin oxide (ITO), indium-zinc oxide (IZO) and tin oxide, but other metal oxides can work including, but not limited to, aluminum- or indium-doped zinc oxide, magnesium-indium oxide, and nickel-tungsten oxide. In addition to these oxides, metal nitrides, such as gallium nitride, and metal selenides, such as zinc selenide, and metal sulfides, such as zinc sulfide, can be used as the anode. For applications where EL emission is viewed only through the cathode electrode, the transmissive characteristics of anode are immaterial and any conductive material can be used, transparent, opaque or reflective. Example conductors for this application include, but are not limited to, gold, iridium, molybdenum, palladium, and platinum. Typical anode materials, transmissive or otherwise, have a work function of 4.1 eV or greater. Desired anode materials are commonly deposited by any suitable means such as evaporation, sputtering, chemical vapor deposition, or electrochemical means. Anodes can be patterned using well-known photolithographic processes.
It is often useful to provide a hole-injecting layer 38 be provided between anode 40 and hole-transporting layer 36. The hole-injecting material can serve to improve the film formation property of subsequent organic layers and to facilitate injection of holes into the hole-transporting layer. Suitable materials for use in the hole-injecting layer include, but are not limited to, porphyrinic compounds as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,720,432, and plasma-deposited fluorocarbon polymers as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,208,075. Alternative hole-injecting materials reportedly useful in organic EL devices are described in EP 0 891 121 A1 and EP 1 029 909 A1.
The hole-transporting layer 36 contains at least one hole-transporting compound such as an aromatic tertiary amine, where the latter is understood to be a compound containing at least one trivalent nitrogen atom that is bonded only to carbon atoms, at least one of which is a member of an aromatic ring. In one form the aromatic tertiary amine can be an arylamine, such as a monoarylamine, diarylamine, triarylamine, or a polymeric arylamine. Exemplary monomeric triarylamines are illustrated by Klupfel et al. U.S. Pat. No. 3,180,730. Other suitable triarylamines substituted with one or more vinyl radicals and/or comprising at least one active hydrogen containing group are disclosed by Brantley et al U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,567,450 and 3,658,520.
A more preferred class of aromatic tertiary amines are those which include at least two aromatic tertiary amine moieties as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,720,432 and 5,061,569. The hole-transporting layer can be formed of a single or a mixture of aromatic tertiary amine compounds. Illustrative of useful aromatic tertiary amines are the following:
Another class of useful hole-transporting materials includes polycyclic aromatic compounds as described in EP 1 009 041. In addition, polymeric hole-transporting materials can be used such as poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVK), polythiophenes, polypyrrole, polyaniline, and copolymers such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(4-styrenesulfonate) also called PEDOT/PSS.
As more fully described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,769,292 and 5,935,721, the light-emitting layer (LEL) 34 of the organic EL element includes a luminescent or fluorescent material where electroluminescence is produced as a result of electron-hole pair recombination in this region. The light-emitting layer can be comprised of a single material, but more commonly consists of a host material doped with a guest compound or compounds where light emission comes primarily from the dopant and can be of any color. The host materials in the light-emitting layer can be an electron-transporting material, as defined below, a hole-transporting material, as defined above, or another material or combination of materials that support hole-electron recombination. The dopant is usually chosen from highly fluorescent dyes, but phosphorescent compounds, e.g., transition metal complexes as described in WO 98/55561, WO 00/18851, WO 00/57676, and WO 00/70655 are also useful. Dopants are typically coated as 0.01 to 10% by weight into the host material. Polymeric materials such as polyfluorenes and polyvinylarylenes (e.g., poly(p-phenylenevinylene), PPV) can also be used as the host material. In this case, small molecule dopants can be molecularly dispersed into the polymeric host, or the dopant could be added by copolymerizing a minor constituent into the host polymer.
An important relationship for choosing a dye as a dopant is a comparison of the bandgap potential which is defined as the energy difference between the highest occupied molecular orbital and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of the molecule. For efficient energy transfer from the host to the dopant molecule, a necessary condition is that the band gap of the dopant is smaller than that of the host material.
Host and emitting molecules known to be of use include, but are not limited to, those disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,768,292; 5,141,671; 5,150,006; 5,151,629; 5,405,709; 5,484,922; 5,593,788; 5,645,948; 5,683,823; 5,755,999; 5,928,802; 5,935,720; 5,935,721; and 6,020,078.
Metal complexes of 8-hydroxyquinoline (oxine) and similar derivatives constitute one class of useful host compounds capable of supporting electroluminescence. Illustrative of useful chelated oxinoid compounds are the following:
Other classes of useful host materials include, but are not limited to: derivatives of anthracene, such as 9,10-di-(2-naphthyl)anthracene and derivatives thereof, distyrylarylene derivatives as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,121,029, and benzazole derivatives, for example, 2,2′, 2″-(1,3,5-phenylene)tris[1-phenyl-1H-benzimidazole].
Useful fluorescent dopants include, but are not limited to, derivatives of anthracene, tetracene, xanthene, perylene, rubrene, coumarin, rhodamine, quinacridone, dicyanomethylenepyran compounds, thiopyran compounds, polymethine compounds, pyrilium and thiapyrilium compounds, fluorene derivatives, periflanthene derivatives and carbostyryl compounds.
Preferred thin film-forming materials for use in forming the electron-transporting layer 32 of the organic EL elements of this invention are metal chelated oxinoid compounds, including chelates of oxine itself (also commonly referred to as 8-quinolinol or 8-hydroxyquinoline). Such compounds help to inject and transport electrons, exhibit high levels of performance, and are readily fabricated in the form of thin films. Exemplary oxinoid compounds were listed previously.
Other electron-transporting materials include various butadiene derivatives as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,356,429 and various heterocyclic optical brighteners as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,539,507. Benzazoles and triazines are also useful electron-transporting materials.
In some instances, layers 32 and 34 can optionally be collapsed into a single layer that serves the function of supporting both light emission and electron transport. These layers can be collapsed in both small molecule OLED systems and in polymeric OLED systems. For example, in polymeric systems, it is common to employ a hole-transporting layer such as PEDOT-PSS with a polymeric light-emitting layer such as PPV. In this system, PPV serves the function of supporting both light emission and electron transport.
When light emission is viewed solely through the anode, the cathode 40 used in this invention can be comprised of nearly any conductive material. Desirable materials have good film-forming properties to ensure good contact with the underlying organic layer, promote electron injection at low voltage, and have good stability. Useful cathode materials often contain a low work function metal (<4.0 eV) or metal alloy. One preferred cathode material is comprised of a Mg:Ag alloy wherein the percentage of silver is in the range of 1 to 20%, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,885,221. Another suitable class of cathode materials includes bilayers comprising a thin electron-injection layer (EIL) in contact with the organic layer (e.g., ETL) which is capped with a thicker layer of a conductive metal. Here, the EIL preferably includes a low work function metal or metal salt, and if so, the thicker capping layer does not need to have a low work function. One such cathode is comprised of a thin layer of LiF followed by a thicker layer of Al as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,677,572. Other useful cathode material sets include, but are not limited to, those disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,059,861; 5,059,862, and 6,140,763.
When light emission is viewed through the cathode, the cathode must be transparent or nearly transparent. For such applications, metals must be thin or one must use transparent conductive oxides, or a combination of these materials. Optically transparent cathodes have been described in more detail in the following patents: U.S. Pat. No. 4,885,211, U.S. Pat. No. 5,247,190, U.S. Pat. No. 5,703,436, U.S. Pat. No. 5,608,287, U.S. Pat. No. 5,837,391, U.S. Pat. No. 5,677,572, U.S. Pat. No. 5,776,622, U.S. Pat. No. 5,776,623, U.S. Pat. No. 5,714,838, U.S. Pat. No. 5,969,474, U.S. Pat. No. 5,739,545, U.S. Pat. No. 5,981,306, U.S. Pat. No. 6,137,223, U.S. Pat. No. 6,140,763, U.S. Pat. No. 6,172,459, EP 1 076 368, and U.S. Pat. No. 6,278,236. Cathode materials are typically deposited by evaporation, sputtering, or chemical vapor deposition. When needed, patterning can be achieved through many well known methods including, but not limited to, through-mask deposition, integral shadow masking as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,276,380 and EP 0 732 868, laser ablation, and selective chemical vapor deposition.
The organic materials mentioned above are suitably deposited through a vapor-phase method such as sublimation, but can be deposited from a fluid, for example, from a solvent with an optional binder to improve film formation. If the material is a polymer, solvent deposition is useful but other methods can be used, such as sputtering or thermal transfer from a donor sheet. The material to be deposited by sublimation can be vaporized from a sublimator "boat" often comprised of a tantalum material, e.g., as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,237,529, or can be first coated onto a donor sheet and then sublimed in closer proximity to the substrate. Layers with a mixture of materials can utilize separate sublimator boats or the materials can be pre-mixed and coated from a single boat or donor sheet. Patterned deposition can be achieved using shadow masks, integral shadow masks (U.S. Pat. No. 5,294,870), spatially-defined thermal dye transfer from a donor sheet (U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,851,709 and 6,066,357) and inkjet method (U.S. Pat. No. 6,066,357).
Most OLED devices are sensitive to moisture or oxygen, or both, so they are commonly sealed in an inert atmosphere such as nitrogen or argon, along with a desiccant such as alumina, bauxite, calcium sulfate, clays, silica gel, zeolites, alkaline metal oxides, alkaline earth metal oxides, sulfates, or metal halides and perchlorates. Methods for encapsulation and desiccation include, but are not limited to, those described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,226,890. In addition, barrier layers such as SiOx, Teflon, and alternating inorganic/polymeric layers are known in the art for encapsulation.
OLED devices of this invention can employ various well-known optical effects in order to enhance its properties if desired. This includes optimizing layer thicknesses to yield maximum light transmission, providing dielectric mirror structures, replacing reflective electrodes with light-absorbing electrodes, or providing colored, neutral density, or color conversion filters over the display.
To achieve circular polarization of the light that is emitted from the OLED display, it is first necessary to achieve linearly polarized light. In this display device, the light may become linearly polarized by passing the light through a coating that acts as a quarter-wave plate to linearly polarize the light. This layer is referred to as the linear polarizing layer 14. This layer will generally be deposited as a single coating layer across the entire surface of the display and can be composed of any material that provides linear polarization.
Alternatively to providing a linear polarizing layer in an OLED display, the OLED materials may be deposited such that the light emitting molecules are aligned to emit linear polarized light. This may be achieved by applying the method described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,485,884 or any other acceptable method.
The linear polarized light is circularly polarized by passing it through a half wave plate. This circular polarizing layer 16 will also normally be deposited as a sheet across the monochrome display device but may also be deposited in columns or in a two-dimensional array across the display device. This circular polarizer will ideally be achromatic, allowing similar performance for all wavelengths within the visible spectrum, however, since these layers are typically not achromatic, the center wavelength of this material will be matched to the color of the light emitting element(s) of the display that this material covers. As will be discussed in more detail later, when covering a full color display, this layer may be formed from columns or other patterns of different materials with different center wavelengths where the wavelength of the material is matched to the emission of the light emitting element(s) that it covers.
The first conductive layer 18 and the second conductive layer 22 should be transparent or substantially transparent to the emission of interest. Common transparent anode materials used in this invention are indium-tin oxide (ITO), indium-zinc oxide (IZO) and tin oxide, but other metal oxides can work including, but not limited to, aluminum- or indium-doped zinc oxide, magnesium-indium oxide, and nickel-tungsten oxide. In addition to these oxides, metal nitrides, such as gallium nitride, and metal selenides, such as zinc selenide, and metal sulfides, such as zinc sulfide, can be used as the anode. Desired anode materials are commonly deposited by any suitable means such as evaporation, sputtering, chemical vapor deposition, or coating.
One or more of these layers will ideally be patterned into segments wherein each segment covers a subset of the pixels in the display. Ideally, each segment will cover a column of light emitting elements in the display. However, it may cover any individual light emitting element or some arrangement of a number of light emitting elements on the display device.
The switchable half-wave plate 20 may be provided by any material that is capable of switching the direction of polarization of the circularly polarized light. Such a switchable layer may be provided by liquid crystal materials. These materials may include bi-stable cholesteric, neumatic, and ferroelectric liquid chrystalized materials that are capable of changing the handedness of the polarization of the circularly polarized light. This waveplate will ideally be achromatic, allowing similar performance for all wavelengths within the visible spectrum. However, since the many of the materials available to create this layer are not achromatic, the center wavelength of this material will be matched to the color of the light emitting element(s) of the display that this material covers. As will be discussed in more detail later, when covering a full color display, this layer may be formed from columns or other patterns of different materials with different center wavelengths where the wavelength of the material is matched to the emission of the light emitting element(s) that it covers. This material layer, as well as the conductive layers, may be patterned such that each column or other arrangement of light emitting elements 12 in the display device 10 emit light through a column of the switchable half-wave plate 20.
The dielectric layer 22 will provide electrical isolation between the segments of the patterned conductive layers and the front surface of the device. This dielectric layer can be formed as a sheet over the front of the device.
The protective layer 24 will be any layer that will provides protection to the materials in the stack between the display OLED display device and the front of the display materials. This protective layer will typically be a durable coating such as PET which provides mechanical stabilization of the materials.
The anti-glare layer 26 may be any material that reduces glare from incident light from being reflected from the front surfaces of the display device stack. This layer may also be a surface treatment that is applied to the protective layer to produce diffuse reflection of highly specular beams of incident light.
Within the preferred embodiment of this invention, the display device 10 and the switchable half wave plate 20 are driven synchronously. To display a stereoscopic image the handedness of the polarization of light emitted by a column of the light emitting elements within the display device may be changed at the same time new data is clocked into a column of the light emitting elements. Under ideal conditions, the light emitting elements would be switched to produce no light emission, the handedness of the polarization of the half wave plate will be changed and the column of light emitting elements would be switched to produce light emission for the next frame of data. This allows time for the handedness of the polarization of the half wave plate to be switched before the next frame of information is displayed on the light emitting elements. This drive scheme compensates for the fact that materials used to create a switchable half wave plate are often composed of large molecules in a liquid or semi-liquid matrix which require some time to rotate, allowing unpolarized or incorrectly polarized light to unintentionally "leak" from the display device. Since the light emitting elements are ideally composed of OLED or similar materials that have a very fast response rate, the light emission from these materials can be switched on or off instanteously, preventing unintentional light to leak from the display device. Alternatively, the handedness of the polarization of the half wave plate for a column will can be changed at the time that data is beginning to be clocked into the column of light emitting elements.
The display device of the present invention is employed in a display system as shown in
Using these components, a stereoscopic image is displayed as shown in
Once each column of the display device 10 has been filled 72, switchable half wave plate 20 for the first column of the display device 10 is set 74 to adjust the circular polarization of the first column to the second handedness of the polarization and the first column of data in the image buffer for the right eye 52 is clocked 76 into the first column of the display device. The switchable half wave plate 20 for the second column of the display is set 78 to adjust the circular polarization of the second column to the first handedness of the polarization and the second column of data in the image buffer for the left eye 52 is then clocked 80 into the second column of the display device 10. If all of the columns of the display have not been filled 82 the process is repeated, setting 74 the switchable half wave plate 20 for each odd column of the display device 10 to the second handedness of the polarization, clocking 76 each odd numbered column of data from the image buffer for the right eye 52 into each odd number of the display device 10, setting 78 the switchable half wave plate 20 for each even column of the display device to the first handedness of the polarization, and clocking 80 each odd numbered column of data from the image buffer for the left eye 50 into the even numbered column of the display device. Once all of the columns of the display device have been filled 82 for a second time an update cycle is completed and, the process is repeated.
For an observer to see half of the columns of the image in one eye and the other half in the other eye in order to allow a stereoscopic image to be displayed, circularly polarized elements must be placed between the display device 10 and the observers' eyes. Each of these elements will have opposing polarization. Therefore, in one cycle, the left eye of the observer will see the even numbered columns of the display in a single update cycle while the right eye will see the odd numbered columns of the display. For this reason, each eye will be presented with an image that has half the resolution of the display device. However, since the image is altered during the next update cycle such that the columns that were not visible in one update cycle are visible during the second update cycle and these update cycles are typically completed at a rate of 1/30th or 1/42nd of a second the two frames are integrated as a single image by the human visual system. Therefore, this display system avoids the perception of flicker and increases the perceived resolution of the display device 10 in such a way to take advantage of the spatial-temporal integration properties of the human eye. Therefore, the human eye will see each of the columns of pixels as though they are turned on constantly except, the display will appear only half as bright as it would if the observer was really able to see every light emitting element at every moment in time.
While the display system of the present invention may be driven using the process shown in
While this embodiment has been described with respect to a monochrome display, this same structure and drive scheme may be applied to any monochrome or color display. It should, however, be noted that while the circular polarizer 16 and the switchable half wave plate 20 are ideally achromatic, it is known that these layers may each be constructed from liquid crystal materials which are typically not achromatic. In fact it is well known that when a liquid crystal in the "on state" is illuminated with ambient light, the liquid crystal reflects light that has the same handedness as the liquid crystal and that is within an intrinsic spectral bandwidth centered about a single wavelength; some proportion of all other wavelengths of incident light, and light of opposite handedness of the polarization, is transmitted through the liquid crystal. Therefore, if the same liquid crystal material is used to polarize the light from light emitting elements with different spectral emission peaks, and therefore different colors, the display will be more efficient in transmitting the light from some light emitting elements than from others. Further, the liquid crystal layers will introduce a color shift that is dependent upon drive level of the individual light emitting elements. Since the color science that is embedded in most electronic displays, assume that the color of the display system can be modeled as an additive system in which the color of the individual light emitting elements does not change as a function of drive level, to create a display system that is calorimetrically accurate one would have to develop specialized and significantly more complex image processing to correct for this display artifact.
It is also known, however, that by varying the proportion of chiral compound present in the liquid crystal, selective reflection of the liquid crystal can be achieved for any wavelength within the infrared and color spectrums. Therefore, a color display may be formed as shown in
As discussed for the monochrome display, to create a stereoscopic display device when viewed through appropriate elements, every other pixel may be given a different handedness of the polarization from each other and this handedness of the polarization may be switched in each update cycle. However, the spatial frequency of the signal may be increased even further if every other column of light emitting elements are given a different handedness of the polarization, which is then reversed at each update cycle. As discussed earlier, the data input to the display device must be configured to provide right eye information when the handedness of polarization is such that it allows light to pass to the right eye of the observer and provides left eye information when the handedness of the polarization is such that it allows light to pass to the left eye of the observer. Also, this display device may be switched to a monoscopic display device by making the handedness of the polarization of each light emitting element the same across the entire display device.
It will further be recognized that while the color display device may be constructed with columns of circular polarizers and/or switchable half wave plates, individual circular polarizers and switchable half wave plates may be pattered over rows of light emitting elements, individual light emitting elements or any alternative, arrangement of light emitting element(s) that form a spatial pattern in the display device. When patterned in this way, the handedness of the polarization may be switched using any spatial arrangement. For example, the light emitting elements maybe addressed such that a checkerboard pattern of light emitting elements have one handedness of polarization and the remaining light emitting elements have a second handedness of polarization.
While the display device shown in
While the use of high frequency segments may be employed to reduce the refresh rate required to avoid the perception of flicker; the user's sensitivity to flicker can be reduced further by only updating low luminance colors within each update cycle. Therefore, the required refresh rate can be further reduced by creating a color OLED display wherein each pixel has four light emitting elements where in two of the four light emitting elements have the same color. One of these two light emitting elements is used to display the appropriate colored light emitting element for the left eye while the other light emitting element is used to display the appropriate colored light emitting element for the right eye. These light emitting elements are not refreshed as described in
The invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment. However, it will be appreciated that variations and modifications can be effected by a person of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope of the invention.
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text:
|Fine Arts and Communication Division
|Summer 2015
|3 hours lecture, 3 hours laboratory.
|3 Units
|Total Quarter Learning Hours: 72 (Total of All Lecture, Lecture/Lab, and Lab hours X 12)
|Lecture Hours: 3
|Lab Hours: 3
|Note: If Lab hours are specified, see item 10. Lab Content below.
|Repeatability -
|Not Repeatable.
|Status -
|Course Status: Active
|Grading: Letter Grade with P/NP option
|Degree Status: Applicable
|Credit Status: Credit
|Degree or Certificate Requirement: AA Degree, Certificate of Achievement
|GE Status: Non-GE
|Articulation Office Information -
|Transferability: Both
|Validation: 1/12/09; 12/2/09
|1. Description -
|Laboratory practice in throwing advanced forms on the potter's wheel, combining hand-built and wheel-thrown forms, glazing these forms, and understanding kiln loading and firing procedures.
|Prerequisites: ART 45A and 45B.
|Co-requisite: None
|Advisory: Concurrent enrollment in ART 45CL; this course is included in the Ceramic Construction family of activity courses.
|2. Course Objectives -
|The student will be able to:
|3. Special Facilities and/or Equipment -
|Clay, ceramic extruder, slab roller, kilns, glaze materials, sculpting tools, banding wheels, spray booth, potters wheel.
|4. Course Content (Body of knowledge) -
|The instructor will present projects for the students to do and will expand upon these projects by demonstrating, lecturing, and using visual aids. Examples of topics covered: teapots, large forms, sets of three, and combination hand-built/wheel-thrown forms.
|5. Repeatability - Moved to header area.
|6. Methods of Evaluation -
|Evaluation will be by critique of works in progress and finished pieces using criteria of design and technique presented in class. All assigned projects will be graded by the instructor.
|7. Representative Text(s) -
|There is no required text for this class. The in classroom library will provide a variety of historical, contemporary, and technical ceramic books for student use.
|8. Disciplines -
|9. Method of Instruction -
|Lecture, Discussion, Laboratory, Demonstration.
|10. Lab Content -
|Supervised studio practice in ceramic processes, related to assignments, skills, and materials. Students work independently, with individual guidance from an instructor on a need or request basis.
|11. Honors Description - No longer used. Integrated into main description section.
|12. Types and/or Examples of Required Reading, Writing and Outside of Class Assignments -
|Not applicable.
|13. Need/Justification -
|This course is a restricted support course for the AA degrees and Certificate of Achievements in Art Survey.
|Course status:
|Last updated:
|2015-03-03 10:30:43


text:
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We think you will find it useful to know something about us, the coauthors of this text, and how we came to write this book. Currently, we are both professors in the counseling graduate program at the University of New Orleans. Ted Remley is an attorney with several years of legal experience and also has been a school and community college counselor. Barbara Herlihy has worked as a school counselor and a Licensed Professional Counselor in private practice, and is presently a counselor educator with a special interest in counselor ethics.
Although we have only recently become colleagues at the same institution, we have worked together for many years. We have coauthored articles and presented a number of workshops on law and ethics in counseling. It was through these workshops that the idea for this book was born. The counselors who attended our workshops had much in common, although they practiced in a variety of settings with diverse clientele. They shared a deep and abiding commitment to the welfare of their clients, a desire to stay current with the ethical standards of their profession, and a need to feel competent in dealing with legal issues that arose in their work. At the same time, they sometimes felt overwhelmed by the complex and conflicting demands of situations they encountered. They frequently had difficulty distinguishing between legal and ethical issues. As we worked with these counselors, we found that we very rarely disagreed with each other, but we did bring differing perspectives. Barbara's ethics orientation led her to focus on client welfare and to emphasize protecting the client. Ted, with his legal orientation, helped us to consider another dimension, that of protecting the counselor. We believe both perspectives are important.
Since both of us regularly teach graduate courses in professional orientation and ethics, we found ourselves discussing the need for a textbook written specifically for counselors that would address ethical, legal, and professional issues. Thus, out of our backgrounds and shared interests was conceived a textbook that is unique in that it approaches each professional issue in counseling from both an ethical perspective and a legal viewpoint. We believe you will find this integrated approach particularly helpful as you grapple with the complexities inherent in the work of the counselor.
We also believe that the best learning is active rather than passive and personalized rather than abstract. We hope that you will actively discuss and even argue the issues that are raised throughout the book and that you will work to develop your own personal stance on these issues. Typical situations and dilemmas that counseling practitioners encounter are presented in each chapter and are depicted in the accompanying videotaped vignettes. We ask you to imagine that you are the counselor in each vignette and attend to what you would think, how you would feel, and what you might do in the situation. In these vignettes, as in real life, there is rarely a single right answer to the counselor's dilemma, so we hope that the vignettes will spark lively discussion.
Herlihy, Barbara : University of New Orleans
Remley, Theodore P. Jr. : University of New Orleans
1. Introduction.
2. Professional Identity of Counselors.
3. Diversity, Client Welfare, and Informed Consent.
4. Confidentiality and Privileged Communication.
5. Records, Technology, and Subpoenas.
6. Competence and Malpractice.
7. Boundary Issues.
8. Child and Adolescent Clients.
9. Counseling Families and Groups.
10. Evaluation, Testing, and Diagnosis.
11. Professional Relationships, Private Practice, and Health Care.
12. Issues in Counselor Education.
13. Supervision and Consultation.
14. Research and Publications.
15. Resolving Legal and Ethical Issues.
Appendix A: Code of Ethics and Standards of Practice.
Appendix B: Contact Information.
Appendix C: Examples of Mandatory Child Abuse Reporting Statutes.
Appendix D: Client Permission Form.
Appendix E: American Psychological Association Record Keeping Guidelines.
Appendix F: Client Request Form to Transfer Records.
Appendix G: National Board for Certified Counselors Standards for the Ethical Practice of Webcounseling.
Appendix H: Clinical Supervision Model Agreement.
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text: Author has written 1 story for Young Adult."All the art of living-lies in a fine mingling of holding on-and letting go." (Henry Ellis) through out life you will experience many people, many perspectives, and many mile stones--to all of which you will both gain and lose different elements of yourself. I believe in people, but people disappoint me. I love people, but as I grow up, less love me back. I'm a strong person-but I'm getting tired. Regardless, in the words of Robert Frost, [life] "it goes on..."