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The third part of the popular and comprehensive series Photoshop CS6 One-on-One follows industry pro Deke McClelland as he plunges into the inner workings of Adobe Photoshop. He shows how to adjust your color, interface, and performance settings to get the best out of your images and the most out of Photoshop, and explores the power of Smart Objects, Shadows/Highlights, and Curves for making subtle, nondestructive adjustments. The course dives into Camera Raw to experiment with the editing toolset there, and returns to Photoshop to discuss toning, blur, and blend modes. Deke also teaches tried-and-true methods for sharpening details and reducing noise, as well as creating quick and accurate selections with Quick Mask, Color Range, and Refine Edge commands.
In this movie, I'll show you yet another method for blending layers inside Photoshop. And that's what are commonly known as the Blend If slider bars, but they are better referred to by their function, which is luminance exclusion. So the idea is this: using the luminance exclusion sliders, you can drop out pixels on the active layer, or force through pixels from layers below, based on their luminance values. And along the way, we are going to transform this blue moon into this absolute lunar explosion.
So let me start by showing you how the sliders work. We'll turn on this gradient layer, and click on it as well to make it active. You can see that it's a black to white to black gradient. So white in the center; black on the sides. I will double-click in an empty portion of layer to bring up the Layer Style dialog box. and you can see these two sliders down here at the bottom. This Layer controls the active layer. Underlying Layer controls the composite view of the underlying layers, plural. So notice, if I go up to the This Layer slider, and I drag its white triangle over to left, then I'm revealing the center portion of the gradient.
So in my case, I'm saying anything with the Luminance level of 110 or brighter, going all the way up to 255 for white, will become transparent. And anything that's 110 or darker will remain opaque, subject to the Blend Mode, and Opacity and Fill settings. I can also drop out dark colors by dragging this black triangle over to the right, and you so you can see how those dark colors are dropping off on both the left and right sides of the gradient. And so now we're left with a very small range of Luminance levels; only those pixels between 70 and 110 are going to be visible.
All right, I will go ahead and reset those triangles. Now let me show you how Underlying Layer works. I will drag this white triangle, let's say, all the way down the 50. Now I am saying, any pixels that have a Luminance level of 50 or brighter on the underlying layers -- plural, once again -- are going to force their way through, regardless of the other blend settings. And if I do the opposite here, I will go ahead and return the white triangle to 255, and take the black triangle up to, say, something like 70, then I'm saying anything with a Luminance level of 70 or darker is forcing its way through.
Now you may look at this and say, all right; I guess that's pretty interesting, but here I am revealing a hole in the center of this gradient. That's fine, but we've got this continuous gradient, and this very hard edge. So it's an immediate transition from opacity to transparency. Well, if you take a close look at these triangles, you can see that there's a slit down the center of each one. And what that's telling you is, if you press the Alt key, or the Option key on the Mac, you can drag one half of the triangle away from the other in order to create smooth transitions.
So now I'm saying any pixels on the active layer that have Luminance levels between zero and 110 are opaque. Any pixels from 110 to 255 are growing progressively translucent until they ultimately disappear at white. All right, I am going to go ahead and click the OK button, so that you can see one more thing; here in CS6 you have this little indicator that's telling you that you've applied advanced blending options, just so that you know what's going on with the layer, because it can be confusing, since those options are otherwise concealed from us.
All right, now I am going to press the Backspace key to get rid of that gradient, and I'll show you how I put together my composition. I started by creating a new layer called blackness, and I went ahead and brushed in some black blobs there. And that's because I wanted this lightning from the lightning ball layer to shine through. Right now we are not seeing any sort of interaction between the layers, so I will click on lightning ball, and I will press Shift+Alt+S, or Shift+Option+ S on the Mac, in order to apply the Screen mode. Now that turns black, absolutely transparent, but the other dark colors are adding brightness to the image.
So I need to drop some of those dark colors out by double-clicking on an empty portion of this layer to bring up the Layer Style dialog box. I will tuck it over to the side here, so we can see what we are doing. And I am going to drag this black, this layer triangle all the way up to 235. And you have to do so manually, by the way; you can't enter numerical values, which is too bad, frankly, but that's the way it works. And so I am saying anything 235 or darker is now transparent. I want to create some fuzziness there, some smooth transitions, so I will press the Alt key, or the Option key on the Mac, and drag the left half of this black triangle to the left until I take that first value down to 140.
Now I want to force through the brightest pixels on the moon layer, and I'll do that by pressing the Alt key right off the bat, the Option key on the Mac, and dragging the left half of that white triangle all the way down to 20. All right, now I will click OK to accept that change. We need to bring back some more of the moon, so I will click on the background, and press Control+Alt+J, or Command+Option+J on the Mac, name this new layer moon, and click OK. And then I will drag it on top of lightning ball, like so. I want to start things off by masking away everything outside the moon, and I am going to do so using a vector mask.
So I will drop down to the Add Layer Mask icon at the bottom of Layers panel, and I will Control+Click here on the PC; that would be a Command+Click on the Mac. Then click on the Vector mask thumbnail to select it, and drop down to the Shape tool flyout menu, and select the Ellipse tool, and then change this first setting up here in the Options bar from Shape to Path, and then you need to go over here to the Path operations icon, and change this setting to Combine Shapes. That way the moon will appear inside whatever ellipse you draw. So we will go ahead and draw this big ellipse around the entire moon, like so, and I am using the spacebar, of course, in order to register the ellipse around the moon.
And I might tuck things in just a little bit, so that I don't do too much of a dark edge. And I will end up with is effect. Now I want to add a little bit of feathering, so I will double-click on the Vector mask thumbnail here inside the Layers panel to bring up the Properties panel, but that also ends up deselecting the vector mask, so I have to click on it again. And now I will take the other Feather value up to 10 pixels, and press the Enter key, and hide the Properties panel. All right, now let's force through some of the tendrils of lightning by double-clicking on an empty portion of the moon layer in order to bring up the Layer Style dialog box, and I am going to press the Alt key, the Option key on the Mac, and drag the left half of this white triangle associated with the Underlying Layers slider to 218 is what I am fishing around here for.
I finally got it. That looks good. Now I will go ahead and click OK in order to accept that effect. All right, now if you're working along with me, you will see that I have created this layer called lens flare, go ahead and turn it on, and select it as well. And what it is is it's a layer of black that I turned into a Smart Object, and then I applied the Lens Flare filter, which is located, by the way, under the Filter menu; go to Render, and its right there Lens Flare. And you can check out my settings just by double-clicking on the words Lens Flare; that will bring up the Lens Flare panel. So I position the center of the effect right about there; very dinky preview inside this dialog box.
And I cranked up the Brightness value to 165%. Go ahead and cancel out of there, because that's done. I also created a gradient map layer that is clipped to the lens flare layer, and it's colorizing the Lens Flare effect blue. All right, the first thing we need to do to create some interaction here is press Shift+Alt+S, or Shift+Option+S on the Mac, in order to switch to the Screen mode. Then I will go and double-click on an empty portion of the layer. You do not click on the thumbnail, by the way, because that would open the Smart Object. And I want you to press the Alt key, or the Option key on the Mac, and drag the right half of the black of This Layer triangle all the way up to 205, so right there.
And that drops away a huge range of dark pixels on this layer. Then go ahead and click OK, and the final thing I did was to Shift+Click on blue map, so both of these layers are selected, and then I dragged them down, and dropped them below the moon layer in order to achieve this final effect. All right, I am going to go ahead and press Shift+F in order to switch to full screen mode, and zoom in on my artwork as well. And that, friends, is how you take advantage of the most advanced blending options there are inside Photoshop: the luminance exclusion slider bars.
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national mall
To see Jorge Rodríguez-Gerada's "facescape," you have to be high above the crowds on the National Mall, either at the top of the Washington Monument or in the sky. Called "Out of Many, One," — the translation of "E Pluribus Unum" — the artist created a composite face from 50 photographs of young men from Washington, D.C. Jeffrey Brown reports. Continue reading
Thousands gathered on the National Mall to rally support for immigration reform, echoing more than a hundred other demonstrations across the country. Ray Suarez reports on efforts to renew the immigration reform push, despite other issues that have taken center stage in Congress. Continue reading
Ray Suarez reports on the sights, sounds and crowds on the National Mall, where hundreds of thousands of people traveled from around the country and the world to witness the 57th presidential inauguration of Barack Obama. Continue reading
Unlike the 2009 Inauguration, when there were strict limits on big money donations, the Presidential Inaugural Committee for 2013 plans to accept unlimited contributions from individuals and corporations. Judy Woodruff talks to Matea Gold of the Los Angeles Times and Nedra Pickler of the Associated Press about the new rules. Continue reading
Ground was broken Wednesday on the National Mall for the Smithsonian's National Museum of African American History and Culture, set to open in 2015. Jeffrey Brown discusses the pivotal moment in the long, $500 million effort to showcase the stories and experiences of black Americans with journalist and author Isabel Wilkerson. Continue reading
For the past seven years on Martin Luther King Jr. Day, children from a Washington, D.C., elementary school have climbed the steps of the Lincoln Memorial to proclaim "I have a dream," just as Dr. King did 48 years ago. This year, they also shared what "the most historic speech ever" means to them. Continue reading
Tens of thousands of people gathered Sunday in Washington to formally dedicate the National Mall's newest destination, a memorial honoring the life of civil rights activist Martin Luther King Jr. Gwen Ifill reports. Continue reading
Engineers rigged ropes Tuesday atop the Washington Monument in preparation for a multi-day job rappelling down the marble exterior of the indefinitely shuttered icon to check for cracks and other damage from the earthquake that shook the East Coast last month. Ray Suarez reports. Continue reading
The new Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial was scheduled to be dedicated on Aug. 28 on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., but Hurricane Irene has delayed the ceremonies. Continue reading
Throngs of Americans answered Glenn Beck's call to attend a weekend rally entitled "Restoring Honor" on the National Mall. Judy Woodruff and analysts gauge his popularity among voters and examine what effect he and the tea party could have on the midterm elections. Continue reading


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Sleep patterns naturally change as you get older. Compared
to younger people, older adults:
It's common for older adults to sleep less deeply and for less
time than they did earlier in life. But these normal changes in the sleep
patterns of older adults do not mean that the sleep they get is enough.
Routine poor-quality sleep
caused by health problems, medicine use, and stress from major life changes can
lead to chronic sleep problems at any age. This may increase the risk of
serious health problems, such as
depression. But few older adults get, or try to get,
treatment for sleep problems. If you are an older adult and have trouble
sleeping, talk to your doctor about what you can do to improve your
Tips for improving sleep for older adults
Here are some things you can try:
If you care for an older adult who isn't sleeping well, you
might encourage him or her to try the above tips for improving sleep.
Sleep medicines
Doctors recommend
taking sleep medicines only now and then or only for a short time. They are not
the first choice for treating chronic insomnia. This advice about medicines
applies to everyone, but especially to older adults. Anyone can become dependent on sleep medicines, and these medicines can affect how
well older people think during and after long-term use.1
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Library of Congress Prints & Photographs Online Catalog
The Library of Congress Prints & Photographs Division's online catalog.
Access Locations: Stephen A. Schwarzman Building, New York Public Library for the Performing Arts, Dorothy and Lewis B. Cullman Center, Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, Science, Industry and Business Library (SIBL), All Branch Libraries, Outside the Library
Subjects: Art; Photography; Library Catalogs
Notes: The Prints and Photographs Online Catalog (PPOC) contains catalog records and digital images representing a rich cross-section of still pictures held by the Prints & Photographs Division and other units of the Library. The Library of Congress offers broad public access to these materials as a contribution to education and scholarship. The catalog provides access through group or item records to about 65% of the Division's holdings. About 90% of the records are accompanied by one or more digital images. In some collections, only thumbnail images display to those searching outside the Library of Congress because of potential rights considerations. The primary historical documents described and displayed in this catalog may contain materials offensive to some readers. The Library does not endorse views expressed in the collections but presents the collections as an aid to scholarly research.
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Hi everybody. Just introducing myself here. We are expecting our first child with an EDD of 2/28. I had my first BFP on Thursday, 9 DPO. Today I am officially 4 weeks :) My husband and I have been married for 6 years and the general family reaction was shocked and some had given up on us ever having a child, haha.
Anyway, we're completely thrilled and can't wait for all the milestones to come! I haven't had a great start because all weekend I have been battling the flu or something like it and have been working so hard to keep a fever down. I think the worst of it may be over now at least!
How far along is everyone else? I just barely made it into this birth club!


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Got a GPS on your F800GS Let's See it
View Single Post
Lost Rider
Joined: Oct 2006
Location: Ventura County, California Republic
Oddometer: 3,327
The Montana works good on my GS too. I love the mount and like Emmbeedee found ways to move it around, though I do have 2 mounts now also.
The rugged mount is very solid, when locked the GPS is pretty darn secure, if you're parking in an area where you're so worried that you think the TT will help, you should just take the GPS off the bike IMO. Either mount could be ripped off the bike by a determined thief. I just put my helmet on top to cover the GPS in my travels, always parking the bike right in front.
The home made bracket on top of an Otterbox works great and put the GPS in a perfect spot.
It's like the modern equivalent of a GPSMAP 276/478 with all the options (unlike the Zumo) , except with no limits on tracks points or number of tracks that can be loaded and displayed at one time, has a big touchscreen, etc.
I use City Nav map, but the Montana also has the ability to load Satellite Imagery that displays with City Nav, letting me see what's actually around me, and not just what's in the "map".
The Montana's ability to work with tracks is also far superior to other units, as mentioned already.
Couple of screen shots from the unit to demonstrate the satellite imagery, it's very useful feature for ADV riding.
On my recent CDT, TAT ride I had about 10 miles of high-def SI on either side of the tracks the whole way.... priceless to scout for campsites, optional trails, etc....
Here's how you get the satellite imagery, or TOPO maps in Bascamp, selecting the ares you want:
It's been a most useful tool for me while on long distance off road travel adventures, great for local area exploring also.
Here's the Garmin Montana thread in Layin' Down the Tracks for more info:
Lost Rider
View Public Profile
Visit Lost Rider's homepage!
Find More Posts by Lost Rider


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Alabama has a good point guard in Trevor Releford, but Auburn's own, Tahj Shamsid-Deen, has nine 3-pointers in the last three games, the best stretch of his young career.
Click here for the original story.
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Time for point guards, more Auburn-Alabama basketball
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You can now invite anyone to meet at your favorite Starbucks.
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23 year old man | Middleburg, FL, USA | Seeking women 18-25 within 50 miles
Live Life To The Fullest One Day We All Gave To Go
Let me introduce myself. My name is Javier, but everyone calls me Suave Jav or Jav Suave. "The name fits either way." But I'd like to start off by saying that Im 100% Puerto Rican I currently reside in Middleburg Fl but I'm from Pittsburgh. I vacation up there every year. I'm currently working as a cook, while I train myself for football or navy. I'm currently undecided between the two. I'd like to get the chance to talk to you. Get to know you better. Get comfortable enough that we can talk about anything on our minds. I'd like to see exactly whats running through that beautiful mind of yours.
Camping , Cooking , Dining out , Fishing/Hunting , Hobbies and crafts , Movies/Videos , Music and concerts , Exploring new areas , Nightclubs/Dancing , Performing arts , Playing cards , Playing sports , Shopping/Antiques , Travel/Sightseeing , Video games , Watching sports
Basketball, Billiards / Pool, Bowling, Dancing, Football, Martial arts, Other types of exercise, Soccer, Swimming, Weights / Machines
I exercise 5 or more times per week.
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
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|5'9" (175cms)
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text:
Costume Information
|Cost :
|I bought the first version of the costume, mainly to check out if it would suit me. I think it doesn't look too bad, so I'm going to sew the next version myself! =)
So please excuse the missing bows on the Alice band. I also didn't have the arm band and no shoes - but with me being in the water most of the time, I thought it was better to leave socks + shoes at home. They would have been ruined otherwise.


text:
Middletown South Gets First Round Win in Sectional Playoffs
By Brian Deakyne
MIDDLETOWN – For the last three years, Middletown South's Ryan Spillane has thrown around the words "championships" and "program" often.
So with his Eagles on the ropes – and at the verge of the end of a disappointing season – it shouldn't come as a surprise that his players came through.
Middletown South, seeded sixth in the Central Jersey, Group III sectional tournament, erased a 1-0 deficit in the bottom of the seventh inning against 11-seeded Freehold Borough in the tournament's first round on Monday, May 20. The Eagles, who had not won the Monmouth County Tournament or Shore Conference Tournament this season, won the game, 2-1, on a walk-off sacrifice fly off the bat of junior designated hitter Christian Penk in the bottom of the eighth inning.
"These guys have a 'been here, done that' kind of mentality as far as keeping their composure late in games, especially close games and this is the time of the year to do it," Spillane said. "Hopefully, it continues. This is a real nice win, that's a quality team, that's a quality pitcher that we just beat. Again, we've got to keep it in perspective right now. This is round one of the state [playoffs] and that's certainly not our goal to get to round two."
Senior catcher Nick McGann drove in senior courtesy runner Michael Diorio with one out in the bottom of the seventh inning on a double to left-center field to tie the game at one. The Eagles loaded the bases in the bottom of the eighth inning on an infield single by junior center fielder Andrew Wisialko, an infield error and a walk by junior shortstop Kyle Brey.
In the next at-bat, Penk lifted a deep fly ball to center field to bring home Wisialko as the winning run.
"There's always pressure when you get up there, but I talked to coach [Spillane] at third base and he kind of took it off right there," Penk said.
Freehold Borough scored its lone run in top of the fourth inning when senior pitcher Perry Kulaga was called for a balk with Jason Lundy on third base. The Colonials' dugout had been calling for a balk in the previous at-bat, and Kulaga was charged with it this time around for taking an illegal step off the rubber.
"He was a great today. He was able to keep his composure and when something went against him, he didn't let it bother him," Spillane said. "Being 1-0 the whole game, he could have easily imploded and he didn't. He kept it a one-run game, he pitched great, and he threw strikes. I don't think he walked anybody [until the eighth inning] and that's the key, too. I'm proud of his effort and it was probably his best outing of the year."
Kulaga allowed one run on five hits over eight innings. He struck out seven batters and walked two more in the opening round victory.
Middletown South had runners reach scoring position in four of the first six innings before breaking through in the bottom of the seventh – two outs away from the season being over.
"It feels good," Penk said. "No one wants to get knocked out first round, so it's definitely cool. We started picking up momentum toward the end and that's what really carried us there."
"Mental toughness pulled us through today and it was great to see that, especially after the last couple of games where it was lacking," Spillane said. "I told the kids that this is the time of year where we have to step up; we've got to raise our level of play. I'm definitely proud of our team as a whole; I thought it was a good effort."


text:
Curried Fruit And Nut Salad
7 Jun 2010
|Red leaf lettuce head/Romaine lettuce head
|1 , torn
|Torn fresh spinach
|1 Cup (16 tbs)
|1 Cup (16 tbs), halved and seeded
|Canned mandarin orange sections
|11 Ounce, chilled and drained (1 Can)
|Salad oil
|1⁄2 Cup (8 tbs)
|Wine vinegar
|1⁄3 Cup (5.33 tbs)
|1 Clove (5 gm), minced
|Brown sugar
|2 Tablespoon
|Minced chives
|2 Tablespoon
|Curry powder
|1 Tablespoon
|Soy sauce
|1 Teaspoon
|Toasted slivered almonds
|1⁄4 Cup (4 tbs)
Combine red leaf or romaine lettuce, torn spinach, seeded grapes, and mandarin oranges.
In screw-top jar combine oil, vinegar, garlic, brown sugar, chives, curry powder, and soy sauce.
Pour some dressing over salad, tossing lightly to coat.
Pass remaining dressing.
Trim top of salad with toasted slivered almonds and the avocado slices, if desired.
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Curried Fruit And Nut Salad Recipe


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Join Ableton Live expert Mike Kiraly as he dives deep into some of the advanced features that Live offers for unique and creative manipulation of sound. First, discover how to use clip envelopes to create constantly changing transitions between clips. Then Mike demonstrates how to create playable effects and effects transitions with dummy clips, build automated playlists and song arrangements with follow actions, and use dummy clips and follow actions together to generate complex effects.
I've got a project here that contains a song I am working on. Each element has been placed on its own track, and each track contains multiple clips containing variations of those elements. (music playing) I am keeping these clips in Session view so I can trigger them spontaneously. And I have set up a MIDI controller to help that process as well. Trying out different combinations and transitions to help guide the arrangement is going to be very, very helpful later on.
You'll notice that this drum loops track has a bunch of clips lined up and ready to go. The same goes for this track over here. These clips are individual variations of the bass line. I have placed all of these here like this because I'm fairly certain for now that this is the order I want these clips to play in. (music playing) It's kind of like a prearrangement for these two elements. I don't want to merge them or move them over to Arrange view because I like them here, where I can delete them, copy them, move them around, really do anything I like.
Right now I really want to keep my focus on experimenting with these clips over here. (music playing) Improvising with this many clips might not seem too difficult, but it can get busy very quickly, especially if I also need to launch the drums and bass line clips over here. So, to keep my hands as free as possible, I am going to tell Live to launch these prearranged clips for me. That's what creating a follow action accomplishes.
Watch what happens when I trigger this first clip. (music playing) The Launch button on the second clip starts to blink immediately. A blinking Launch button means the clip has been triggered and it's going to begin playing when the global quantization value is reached. My project has been set at 1 bar, so a clip with a blinking Launch button means it's already been triggered and is waiting for the next measure to start playing. But I didn't actually touch this clip; I triggered this first one up here.
So, why then did this one begin to blink as if it had been triggered as well? Because it was the follow action that triggered it for me. Basically, a follow action is a set of instructions contained within a clip that tells Live what to do after the clip has been launched. For example, launching this clip right here-- (music playing) --will activate a follow action that tells this next clip to begin playing after 4 bars. In essence, the first clip is triggering the second. Now if I trigger the second clip, it'll trigger the third.
This will happen as I click each clip in sequence. I've created follow actions in all of these clips, so each one will play until it's time for the next one to take over. Playing clips in sequence is a really basic example. Follow actions can be used to generate all kinds of complex and automated events. And this unique feature is just one of the many reasons that Ableton Live has become the DAW of choice for so many musicians and producers.
There are currently no FAQs about Ableton Live 9 Tips and Tricks.
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Digital Imaging Basics
Computing Resources >> Tutorials >> Graphics & Multimedia >> Digital Imaging Basics
Best Practices
Start Big: When in doubt about how you might end up using your images, opt for the highest resolution possible. It is always better to start out with the most information possible, and then scale down as necessary. If you start out with low resolution, you cannot get a higher resolution without scanning or taking the picture again with higher resolution settings, and you may not get that chance.
Protect Originals: Keep the original, high-resolution versions of your images (which should be in TIFF format, if possible) in a separate place from your working documents or optimized Web images. Back up your important documents on some kind of external storage medium (CD-Rom or fire wire drive, for example). This will help to ensure that you have something to go back to and work from should something unfortunate happen to the other files.
Name Files Accurately: Develop a file naming convention that will help you accurately identify your files. Names that include descriptive information, version or size information, or intended use information can be helpful when managing large digital image collections.


text:
|Reviews for Gangster's Paradise
| Lunanite chapter 1 . 3/3/2013
Waiting for your update. Loved the theme the story is based on. Hope you'll finish it :(.
| guest chapter 1 . 12/1/2012
Can this story have a sequel or something? :))))))))
| sapphireswimming chapter 1 . 10/22/2012
Mmmmmm. I would love to see this continued.
| nachan chapter 1 . 1/26/2012
i like the premise, hope u update with the next chapter soon.
| Ranger24 chapter 1 . 12/7/2011
COde geass meets grand theft auto.
Never thought I'd see the day.
I like it.
| Xyacharia chapter 1 . 10/8/2011
Hurry hurry hurry this stories so good i cant wait another moment for it to be finished
| EuterpeDream chapter 1 . 7/25/2011
interesting start to the story :)
can't wait for more
| gurren chapter 1 . 5/24/2011
hurry i want more plz!
| Atrile chapter 1 . 5/8/2011
Very ... original. I don't really know what to say though... It's not bad, but what the hell? You've got an incredible imagination.
| touchreceptors chapter 1 . 4/14/2011
askfjlasjfsf oh yes. Yes yes yes. This holds a lot of promise and I love that Lelouch leads a double-life here and LOL SUZAKU'S ANALYSIS GOING NOT-AS-PLANNED
THANK YOU FOR MERGING TWO OF MY FAVORITE THINGS TOGETHER LIKE THIS (crime/cops and Code Geass ffffff) I shall be watching for more, but all the best with IHTW in the meantime!
And a thumbs up for the hot Lelouch/CC-in-business-suit too. That was yuummyyy.
| justbehappydammit chapter 1 . 4/14/2011
If I had to describe this story, I'd call it Code Geass as imagined by Frank Miller. Very gritty and almost noir-ish.
| SomebodyLost chapter 1 . 4/14/2011
Oh wow. I actually planned something like this, but meh, you beat me to the punch! :
Anyway, nice story and nice bad-assery. :)
I'm looking forward to this. Actually, I like how I Heard The World's Lelouch contrasts to this Lelouch.
| Cat In My Fridge chapter 1 . 4/14/2011
Nice. Now write more porn, buddy. *whips*
... Kidding, no, that was an interesting set-up. Lelouch is pretty intriguing as both a cop and a crime leader. And Suzaku. Dreamy sigh.
| dzk87 chapter 1 . 4/14/2011
Man, you really like your wierd Au Code geass things... Well, I love em, so yeah.
| Drakyndra chapter 1 . 4/13/2011
You got that song stuck in my head. I hate you!
But this is certainly an interesting world, even if it mentally looks *exactly* like Gotham.
I'm certainly intrigued by the mystery behind C.C., and LOL, Lelouch actually got laid for once. Not an ickle virgin boy any more it seems.
And then there is Suzaku as good cop, who is rather more intelligent than Lelouch had counted on, which I rather like. He's not actually dumb, he just can't compare to geniuses like Lelouch.
I'll keep an eye out for more of this. (And IHTW and whatever else)


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Town Square
Guided tours: Eco-friendly driveway and parking lot
Original post made by Katie Pilat, another community, on Mar 14, 2007
Sat March 24 (10am 12noon) OR
Sun March 25 (1 3pm)
LOCATION: Meet at 735 Homer Avenue, Palo Alto
Tour covers two sites (1) 735 Homer, Palo Alto, and (2) public parking lot, between Santa Cruz and Menlo Ave at Crane St, Menlo Park. Transportation required between sites (2.5 miles).
RSVP: Katie Pilat 650-961-1035 x305, email@example.com
Presented by: San Francisquito Watershed Council
Comments (1)
a resident of Midtown
on Mar 14, 2007 at 6:45 pm
The founder of Round table had a Permeable parking area at his house years ago.
Don't miss out on the discussion!
Sign up to be notified of new comments on this topic.
Lutticken's owner opens Main & Elm in Redwood City
By Elena Kadvany | 8 comments | 2,704 views
OK I Changed The Title
By Laura Stec | 24 comments | 1,863 views
Relay for Life, Menlo Park, August 8
By Chandrama Anderson | 0 comments | 751 views
The Interestings by Meg Wolitzer
By Nick Taylor | 0 comments | 113 views


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VIEWS: 30 PAGES: 17 POSTED ON: 5/20/2010 Public Domain
Office of the Citizenship and Immigration Services Ombudsman U.S. Department of Homeland Security Mail Stop 1225 Washington, DC 20528-1225 EMPLOYMENT CREATION IMMIGRANT VISA (EB-5) PROGRAM RECOMMENDATIONS March 18, 2009 The Citizenship and Immigration Services Ombudsman, established by the Homeland Security Act of 2002, provides independent analysis of problems encountered by individuals and employers interacting with U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, and proposes changes to mitigate those problems. I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Citizenship and Immigration Services Ombudsman (Ombudsman) has reviewed the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) policies and processes concerning the Employment Creation EB-5 immigrant visa,1 and formed several recommendations that USCIS should implement to stabilize and energize the program. In passing employment creation legislation, Congress sought to attract entrepreneurial immigrants to the United States who would invest capital to create jobs for U.S. workers, and thereby stimulate the economy.2 Congress allocates approximately 10,000 immigrant visas per year to the EB-5 category (including derivative visas for the spouses and minor children of investors), although less than 1,000 visas are used annually. 3 This underutilization is caused by a confluence of factors, including program instability, the changing economic environment, and more inviting immigrant investor programs offered by other countries. In recognition of the present turmoil in the U.S. economy, it is incumbent upon USCIS to take all necessary and appropriate steps to facilitate a healthy, vigorous, and smooth-running employment creation immigrant visa program. 1 Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) § 203(b)(5); 8 U.S.C. § 1153(b)(5). 2 Immigration Act of 1990, Pub. L. No. 101-649 (Nov. 29, 1990). 3 Between 1992 and 2004, 6,024 EB-5s were issued, which averaged approximately 500 per year. Government Accountability Office, Immigrant Investors: Small Number of Participants Attributed to Pending Regulations and Other Factors, p. 2 (Apr. 2005) (GAO-05-256). "The bill"s supporters predicted that about 4,000 millionaire investors, along with family members, would sign up, bringing in $4 billion in new investments and creating 40,000 jobs [annually]." See Al Kamen, "An Investment in American Citizenship; Immigration Program Invites Millionaires to Buy Their Way In," Washington Post, (Sept. 29, 1991). Email: firstname.lastname@example.com | Web: http://www.dhs.gov/cisombudsman | Phone: (202) 357-8100 | Fax: (202) 357-0042 Citizenship and Immigration Services Ombudsman Recommendation from the CIS Ombudsman to the Director, USCIS March 18, 2009 Page 2 of 17 For these reasons, the Ombudsman recommends that USCIS: 1. Finalize regulations to implement the special 2002 EB-5 legislation which offers a certain subgroup4 of EB-5 investors a pathway to cure deficiencies in their previously submitted petitions. 2. Issue Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for Form I-526 (Immigrant Petition by Alien Entrepreneur) and Form I-829 (Petition by Entrepreneur to Remove Conditions) that specifically direct EB-5 adjudicators to not reconsider or re- adjudicate the indirect job creation methodology in Regional Center cases, absent clear error or evidence of fraud. 3. Designate more EB-5 Administrative Appeals Office (AAO) decisions as precedent/adopted decisions to provide stakeholders, investors, and adjudicators a better understanding of the application of existing USCIS regulations to given factual circumstances. 4. Engage in formal rulemaking to further develop rules that will promote stakeholder and investor confidence as well as predictability in adjudicatory processes. 5. Form an inter-governmental advisory group to consult on domestic business, economic, and labor considerations relevant to EB-5 adjudications. 6. Offer a Special Handling Package option to EB-5 investors for faster adjudication of Forms I-526, I-829, and related applications for a higher fee. 7. "Prioritize" the review and processing of all Regional Center EB-5 related petitions and applications to foster the immediate creation and preservation of jobs.5 8. Establish a program to promote the EB-5 program overseas in coordination with the U.S. Departments of State and Commerce. 4 This subgroup includes only those EB-5 investors whose Forms I-526 (Immigrant Petition by Alien Entrepreneur) were filed and/or approved between January 1, 1995, and before August 31, 1998. See 21st Century Department of Justice Appropriations Authorization Act, §§ 11031-37, Pub. L. No. 107-273 (Nov. 2, 2002). 5 "Priority" processing is authorized by the Basic Pilot Program Extension and Expansion Act of 2003, Pub. L. No. 108-156 (Dec. 3, 2003). 2 Citizenship and Immigration Services Ombudsman Recommendation from the CIS Ombudsman to the Director, USCIS March 18, 2009 Page 3 of 17 II. BACKGROUND Purpose and Terms of the EB-5 Program Pursuant to INA § 203(b)(5), Congress established the fifth employment-based (EB-5) preference category in 1990 for immigrants seeking to enter the United States to engage in a commercial enterprise that will benefit the U.S. economy and directly create 6 at least ten full- time jobs.7 The minimum qualifying investment amount is $500,000 for commercial enterprises located within a rural area8 (or targeted employment area),9 and is otherwise $1,000,000.10 Congress allocated 10,000 immigrant visas annually for this employment-based preference category. Figure 1 depicts actual EB-5 usage from FY 1998 through FY 2007. 6 A qualifying investment in a new commercial enterprise must create full-time employment for at least ten U.S. citizens, lawful permanent residents, or other immigrants lawfully authorized to be employed in the United States. INA § 203(b)(5)(a)(ii); 8 U.S.C. § 1153(b)(5)(A)(ii); see also 8 C.F.R. § 204.6(j)(4)(i) (2008). The investor and his/her immediate family, as well as lawful nonimmigrant employees, are excluded from the ten-person employment calculation. 8 C.F.R. § 204.6(e) (2008). Special rules also allow for making a qualifying investment where the investment serves to maintain jobs that might otherwise be lost in a troubled business (i.e., an existing business over two years old that has incurred a net loss exceeding 20 percent of its net worth during the 12 or 24 month period preceding a Form I-526 petition filing). 8 C.F.R. §§ 204.6(e), 204.6(j)(4)(i)(B)(ii) (2008). 7 INA § 203(b)(5)(A)(ii); 8 U.S.C. § 1153(b)(5)(A)(ii). 8 "Rural area" is defined as "any area other than an area within a metropolitan statistical area or within the outer boundary of any city or town having a population of 20,000 or more (based on the most recent decennial census of the United States)." INA § 203(b)(5)(B)(iii); 8 U.S.C. § 1153(b)(5)(B)(iii); see also 8 C.F.R. § 204.6(e) (2008). 9 "Targeted employment area" means that "at the time of the investment, a rural area or an area which has experienced high unemployment (of at least 150 percent of the national average rate)." INA § 203(b)(5)(B)(ii); 8 U.S.C. § 1153(b)(5)(B)(ii); see also 8 C.F.R. § 204.6(j)(6) (2008). 10 INA § 203(b)(5)(C)(i); 8 U.S.C. § 1153(b)(5)(C)(i). 3 Citizenship and Immigration Services Ombudsman Recommendation from the CIS Ombudsman to the Director, USCIS March 18, 2009 Page 4 of 17 Figure 1: U.S. EB-5 Immigrant Visa Utilization (Principals + Derivatives), FY 1998-2007 10,000 9,000 8,000 7,000 Visas Issued 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Fiscal Year Source: DHS Office of Immigration Statistics, "2007 Yearbook of Immigration Statistics," Table 6 at p. 18, http://www.dhs.gov/ximgtn/statistics/index.shtm (accessed Feb. 19, 2009). A Senate Committee Report stated that the EB-5 provision was "intended to provide new employment for U.S. workers and to infuse new capital in the country, not to provide immigrant visas to wealthy individuals. . . ."11 The legislative history suggests that Congress anticipated that as many as 4,000 foreign investors and their families would seek U.S. lawful permanent residence (LPR or "green card" status), bringing in fresh investment funds totaling an estimated $4 billion and creating 40,000 jobs annually.12 Pilot Regional Center Program To encourage use of the EB-5 visa category, Congress established the Immigrant Investor Pilot Program in 1993 and set aside 3,000 of the allocated 10,000 visas for investors who invest within designated "regional centers."13 This program eventually became referred to as the "Regional 11 S. Rep. No. 55, 101st Cong., 1st Sess. at 21 (1989). 12 See Al Kamen, "An Investment in American Citizenship; Immigration Program Invites Millionaires to Buy Their Way In," Washington Post, (Sept. 29, 1991). 13 The original set-aside was 300 visas annually. See Departments of Commerce, Justice, State, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies Appropriation Act of 1993, Pub. L. No. 102-395 (Oct. 6, 1992). In 1997, Congress increased the set-aside to 3,000 annually. See Departments of Commerce, Justice, and State, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies Appropriation Act of 1998, Pub. L. No. 105-119 (Nov. 26, 1997). A "regional center" is defined as "any economic 4 Citizenship and Immigration Services Ombudsman Recommendation from the CIS Ombudsman to the Director, USCIS March 18, 2009 Page 5 of 17 Center Pilot," and legislation was introduced in 2008 to make the Regional Center Pilot permanent.14 Under the pilot, foreign investors can pool their investments into Regional Centers which make large investments that create jobs. Regional Center investors are permitted to demonstrate through "reasonable methodologies" that their investment resulted in the creation of ten or more direct or indirect jobs. More specifically, investors within EB-5 Regional Centers are permitted to use statistical formulas and models to demonstrate a correlation between their investment of capital into a specific business and indirect jobs created in other businesses within the greater community. In Regional Center cases, these indirectly generated jobs may be used to satisfy the job creation requirement. According to the Congressional Research Service, the South Dakota International Business Institute"s Dairy Economic Region program (SDIBI South Dakota Dairy) provides an EB-5 Regional Center story that illustrates how the successful implementation of an EB-5 program can positively impact a community. 15 Approved in June 2005, the SDIBI South Dakota Dairy program attracted more than 60 immigrant investors who infused approximately $30 million into the South Dakota economy. Their combined investment was leveraged to secure approximately $90 million in bank financing for various dairy investment projects. These EB-5 investments directly created 240 jobs. Using RIMS II16 modeling to predict the correlation between monies invested and employment creation, the combined investment also is credited with generating an additional 638 indirectly-created jobs, and over $360 million in additional funds to the region.17 According to the SDIBI South Dakota Dairy Director, the "paramount" EB-5 program issue is whether "USCIS [has] sufficient resources to quickly adjudicate EB-5 immigrant visa petitions. If the adjudication process is too long . . . the opportunity cost may make a South Dakota dairy investment unappealing to foreign investors." 18 Similar sentiments were expressed to the unit, public or private, which is involved with the promotion of economic growth, including increased export sales, improved regional productivity, job creation, and increased domestic capital investment." 8 C.F.R. § 204.6(e) (2008). 14 See S. 2751, a Senate bill co-sponsored by Senators Patrick Leahy (D-VT) and Arlen Specter (R-PA) on March 12, 2008. Although the EB-5 Regional Center Pilot program was not made permanent in the 110th Congress, bipartisan support did exist to ensure that the pilot did not expire at the end of the 2008 fiscal year. A short extension of the Regional Center Pilot (through March 6, 2009) was thus included in the Consolidated Security, Disaster Assistance, and Continuing Appropriations Act, 2009, Pub. L. No 110-329 (Sept. 30, 2008). Following passage of a five day extension, on March 11, 2009, President Obama signed the Omnibus Appropriations Act extending the EB-5 Regional Center Pilot sunset date to September 30, 2009. Accordingly, the 111th Congress may yet again take up the question of extending the pilot, or making the program permanent, later this year. 15 See Chad C. Haddal, "Foreign Investor Visas: Policies and Issues," pp. 31-32, Congressional Research Service (Jan. 29, 2007). 16 RIMS II is the upgraded version of the original Regional Industrial Multiplier System (RIMS) created by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, and is used in public and private sector project planning as a model to predict regional output, earnings, and employment in specific geographic and industrial settings. See "Regional Multipliers from the Regional Input-Output Modeling Systems (RIMS II): A Brief Description;" www.bea.gov/regional/rims/brfdesc.cfm (accessed Jan. 8, 2009). 17 See supra note 15. 18 Id. at p. 32. 5 Citizenship and Immigration Services Ombudsman Recommendation from the CIS Ombudsman to the Director, USCIS March 18, 2009 Page 6 of 17 Ombudsman by other stakeholders. They emphasized that the EB-5 program generally, and the Regional Center Pilot particularly, needs stability and predictability to attract foreign investors. Foreign Competition and Response It is generally understood that in enacting the EB-5 provisions contained within the Immigration Act of 1990,19 Congress intended to establish an immigrant investment program to rival those enacted by other countries, specifically Canada and Australia.20 However, by the time the EB-5 program became law, Canada"s Immigrant Investor program was in existence for four years (since 1986). See Figure 2 below for use of this program. Figure 2: Canada's Immigrant Investor Visa Utilization (Principals + Derivatives), CY 1998-2007 10,000 9,000 8,000 7,000 6,000 Visas Issued 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Calendar Year Source: Citizenship & Immigration Canada Facts and Figures 2007: Immigration Overview-Permanent and Temporary Residents, p. 19, www.cic.gc.ca (accessed Feb. 19, 2009). Under the Canadian program, foreign business persons establish eligibility by proving that they have "two years of business experience," a net worth of at least CDN $800,000, and by affirmatively expressing that they are willing to deposit CDN $400,000 into designated government guaranteed securities for a period of five years. 21 Unlike the EB-5 program, the 19 See supra note 2. 20 See 136 Cong. Rec. 17106, 112 (Oct. 26, 1990) (Senator Paul Simon (D-IL) arguing that the United States should "learn from and build upon the track record and experiences of Governments of Canada and Australia who have had great success in attracting talented people through their investor visa programs.") 21 See Citizenship and Immigration Canada, "Investors;" www.cic.gc.ca (accessed Feb. 18, 2009). Invested funds are used by the federal government to generate new employment opportunities for Canadian citizens, and in turn, the foreign investor is granted permanent resident status, and provided a government promissory note representing a 6 Citizenship and Immigration Services Ombudsman Recommendation from the CIS Ombudsman to the Director, USCIS March 18, 2009 Page 7 of 17 Canadian Immigrant Investor program is a passive program: a qualifying investor is not required to open a business, or hire and manage employees. Rather, the investment itself is assumed to spur significant economic activity and create jobs. Uncertainty Has Plagued the EB-5 Program From Its Inception Initial delay in the issuance of EB-5 rules, followed by changes in interpretation of the rules, has led to uncertainty in the EB-5 program since inception. Between 1993 and 1997, the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) issued General Counsel interpretive guidance on key legal issues, which was received favorably by several private sector companies specifically formed to develop investment project opportunities for EB- 5 investors. The number of EB-5 immigrant visas issued increased from 583 in FY 1993 to 1,361 visas in FY 1997. However, informal General Counsel guidance in the mid-1990s permitted investors to obtain status without actually committing their entire investment amount to the business.22 Concerns of insider access, suspicions of abuse, misrepresentation, and fraud surfaced in the mid-1990s at the same time that the EB-5 program was experiencing its most significant usage. Some of these concerns were later proven in a federal court case leading to convictions for immigration fraud, wire fraud, money laundering, and conspiracy against the principals and officers of an EB-5 investment business then operating as Interbank.23 The defendants in the case attracted $21 million in investment funds from foreign investors who were seeking to lawfully obtain green card status through the EB-5 program. The fraudulent investment scheme involved the juggling of funds through an offshore financial institution, and the production and use of fake bank statements used in connection with underlying I-526 petitions filings. However, debt obligation to return the full CDN $400,000 in five years (without interest). Id. There has never been a governmental default on these obligations, and because of their reliability, Canadian financial institutions are willing to partially finance the required investment. See Jeffrey S. Lowe, "Canada"s Immigrant Investor Program," Research Solutions (Dec. 2007). Interestingly, the qualifying investment may be delayed until as late as the eve of the date of visa issuance. See Citizenship and Immigration Canada "Operating Procedure Manual (OP 9 Investors)" at 9.2 (Aug. 8, 2008); www.cic.gc.ca (accessed Feb. 18, 2009). In the ten-year period between 1998 and 2007, according to Citizenship & Immigration Canada, 16,213 principal foreign nationals have invested in direct qualifying funds in Canada. See Citizenship & Immigration Canada Facts and Figures 2007: Immigration Overview—Permanent and Temporary Resident, p. 19; http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/resources/statistics/menu- fact.asp (accessed Feb. 5, 2009). Based on the total number of principal foreign nationals and the qualifying investment of CDN $400,000, Canada has benefited from CDN $6,485,200,000 through its Immigrant Investor program. 22 See INS General Counsel Memorandum, "Sections 203(b)(5) (EB-5) and 216A of the Immigration and Nationality Act," HQCOU 70/6.1 & 70/9-P (Dec. 19, 1997). This 1997 Memorandum clarified and provided new guidance disallowing such practices. 23 See U.S. v. O"Connor, 158 F. Supp. 2d 697, 723-38 (E.D. Va 2001). 7 Citizenship and Immigration Services Ombudsman Recommendation from the CIS Ombudsman to the Director, USCIS March 18, 2009 Page 8 of 17 none of the individual 216 EB-5 investors were found complicit in the fraud. In fact, most of the foreign investors suffered a total loss of their funds and were not granted green cards.24 In 1998, the USCIS Administrative Appeals Office (AAO)25 issued four precedent decisions26 that altered the previously issued guidance and substituted new and more restrictive interpretations of the law. These changes caused much concern among current and potential EB- 5 investors, and introduced new and significant uncertainties into the EB-5 program. Figure 3: Changes in Selected EB-5 Legal Guidance Issue Pre-1998 AAO Decisions Post-1998 AAO Decisions Investor must personally be Establishment of "new" Business must be created after involved in establishment of enterprise November 1990 business27C General representation and proof Legal generation of funds must Source of funds of legal generation of fund be traced with particularity A,C&D accepted Must prove fair market value;C Considered at face value; no limit duration generally restricted to on duration; need not be Promissory notes two years;C must be perfected;B perfected; foreign collateral foreign collateral must be acceptable seizable B and marketableC Guaranteed returns Permitted generally ProhibitedC Permissible but may not exercise Impermissible to enter Redemption provisions until after two year conditions redemption agreement within lifted two-year conditional periodC A Matter of Soffici, 22 I&N Dec. 158 (Assoc. Comm"r Examinations 1998). B Matter of Hsiung, 22 I&N Dec. 201 (Assoc. Comm"r Examinations 1998). C Matter of Izummi, 22 I&N Dec. 169 (Assoc. Comm"r Examinations 1998). D Matter of Ho, 22 I&N Dec. 206 (Assoc. Comm"r Examinations 1998). Following issuance of the AAO"s precedent decisions, EB-5 visa applications dropped dramatically. Between FY 1998 and FY 2008, USCIS had an average approval rate of approximately 44 percent, as shown in Figure 4 below. 24 See U.S. v. O"Connor, 321 F. Supp. 2d 722, 725 (E.D. Va 2004). 25 The AAO is the appellate body within USCIS with primary authority to review most service center decisions. 26 Matter of Soffici, 22 I&N Dec. 158 (Assoc. Comm"r Examinations 1998); Matter of Izummi, 22 I&N Dec. 169 (Assoc. Comm"r Examinations 1998); Matter of Hsiung, 22 I&N Dec. 201 (Assoc. Comm"r Examinations 1998); Matter of Ho, 22 I&N Dec. 206 (Assoc. Comm"r Examinations 1998). Precedent decisions are those decisions specially designated to provide controlling legal principles and interpretations which are "binding on all Service employees in the administration of the Act." 8 C.F.R. § 103.3(c) (2008). 27 Congress abolished the establishment criterion though legislative action in 2002 when it passed the 21st Century Department of Justice Appropriations Authorization Act. See supra note 4 at § 11036. 8 Citizenship and Immigration Services Ombudsman Recommendation from the CIS Ombudsman to the Director, USCIS March 18, 2009 Page 9 of 17 Figure 4: Form I-526 Approvals and Denials by USCIS (Principals Only), FY 1998-2008 1,800 1,600 1,400 Form I-526 Applications 1,200 1,000 800 600 400 200 0 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Year Approved Denied Source: USCIS Performance Analysis System Data, as of October 2008. Many potential investors decided not to go forward with their EB-5 investments and filings. In addition, USCIS took action to remove some existing investors from the United States based on the retroactive application of the principles set forth in the precedent decisions. While most investors lost legal challenges, one group of affected investors did successfully challenge the retroactive application of these decisions in one federal court. In reversing the denials, the court found: [Investors] relied on their understanding that their business and investment plans conformed to the requirements of EB-5. They sold businesses, uprooted from their homelands, and moved to the U.S…. [They] sought no guarantee of success, but a contingent promise that, if they held up their end of the bargain … they would obtain LPR status promised by the EB-5 program. This was not unreasonable…. The reputation and integrity of the EB-5 program is ill-served by the proposition that INS approval of an I-526 petition as satisfying EB-5"s requirements cannot be relied upon.28 28 Chang v. U.S., 327 F.3d 911, 928-29 (9th Cir. 2003). 9 Citizenship and Immigration Services Ombudsman Recommendation from the CIS Ombudsman to the Director, USCIS March 18, 2009 Page 10 of 17 In 2002, the President signed special legislation that attempted to rectify the situation. 29 However, new regulations needed to implement this legislation remain outstanding, and these cases cannot be adjudicated until final rules are issued. As a result, approximately 700 investors, most of whom are at the condition removal stage, have had their immigration status placed on hold, some since 1995.30 This long delay has adversely impacted these affected investors (and their derivative family members) who have been unable to fully integrate into the United States. It is widely believed that the EB-5 program has never truly fulfilled Congress" expectations. Experts may differ on the cause, but citing to input from USCIS officials and immigration attorneys, a 2005 Government Accountability Office (GAO) report attributed: … low participation to a series of factors that led to uncertainty among potential investors. These factors include an onerous application process; lengthy adjudication periods; and the suspension of processing of over 900 EB-5 cases -- some of which date to 1995 -- precipitated by a change in [USCIS"] interpretation of regulations regarding financial [qualifications.]31 Citing the same GAO report, the Congressional Research Service"s 2005 report to Congress on "Federal Investor Visas: Policies and Issues," stated that EB-5 visa underutilization can be traced to: [T]he rigorous nature of the LPR investor application process and qualifying requirements; the lack of expertise among adjudicators; uncertainty regarding adjudication outcomes; negative media attention on the LPR investor program; lack of clear statutory guidance; and lack of timely application processing and adjudication.32 In 2005, USCIS established an EB-5 unit at USCIS headquarters, the Investor and Regional Center Unit (IRCU), 33 and announced the agency"s intention to re-invigorate the EB-5 29 Supra note 4. Immigrant investors affected by the retroactively applied 1998 AAO decisions were provided an additional two years to demonstrate that they made a supplemental investment, and in combination, that they met the minimum required qualifying investment and created and/or preserved ten jobs. 30 Information provided by USCIS to the Ombudsman (Jan. 30, 2008). 31 Immigrant Investors: Small Number of Participants Attributed to Pending Regulations and Other Factors, p.3 GAO-05-256 (Apr. 2005). 32 Supra note 15 at p. 8. 33 The IRCU reviews and approves the submissions of applicants seeking Regional Center designation. Applicants are required to provide a "detailed prediction regarding the manner in which the [R]egional [C]enter will have a positive impact on the regional and national economy…." 8 C.F.R § 204.6(m)(3)(iv) (2008). The proposal must be supported by "economically or statistically valid forecasting tools, including, but not limited to, feasibility studies … and/or multiplier tables." 8 C.F.R. § 204.6(m)(3)(v) (2008). "To show that 10 or more jobs are actually created indirectly by the business, reasonable methodologies may be used. Such methodologies may include … 10 Citizenship and Immigration Services Ombudsman Recommendation from the CIS Ombudsman to the Director, USCIS March 18, 2009 Page 11 of 17 program.34 In the last few years, the EB-5 immigrant visa category has attracted the interest of high net-worth investors seeking to immigrate to the United States. USCIS reported to the Ombudsman that it received 1,257 Form I-526 petitions in FY 2008. Despite a recent upswing in EB-5 filings, as discussed below, the Ombudsman has heard from stakeholders that USCIS" decision to consolidate EB-5 adjudications at the California Service Center (CSC)35 has rekindled concerns within the EB-5 investor community. Case Processing Procedures To acquire an EB-5-based green card, an investor must first make a qualifying investment, and then file a Form I-526 petition (and supporting documents) with USCIS. Once the Form I-526 is approved, an investor who is in the United States in lawful nonimmigrant status may file a Form I-485 (Application to Register Permanent Residence or Adjust Status).36 Upon approval of the Form I-485, the investor is afforded conditional lawful permanent resident status, which is valid for two years. If the investor is outside the United States when the Form I-526 petition is approved, the U.S. Department of State"s National Visa Center will process the EB-5 immigrant visa through the local U.S. consular post with jurisdiction over the place of residence. The EB-5 immigrant visa is used to enter the United States, which commences the two-year conditional lawful permanent resident status. Regardless of whether the investor adjusted to conditional green card status while living in the United States, or acquired such status through consular processing, approximately 21 months later the investor must file a Form I-829 to remove the conditional status. In addition, petitioners must also provide supporting documents to establish that they have satisfied all EB-5 qualifying conditions. Upon approval, a new ten-year unconditional green card is issued. Prior to October 1, 2008, EB-5 related Form I-526 and Form I-829 filings were divided between the Texas Service Center (TSC) and the CSC as part of USCIS" bi-specialization initiative. USCIS announced last year that beginning on October 1, 2008, all Form I-526 and I-829 petitions would be adjudicated at the CSC.37 economically or statistically valid forecasting devices which indicate the likelihood that the business will result in increased employment." 8 C.F.R. § 204.6(m)(7)(ii) (2008). 34 USCIS Interoffice Memorandum, "Establishment of An Investor and Regional Center Unit" (Jan. 19, 2005). 35 "Change in Filing Location for EB-5-Related Petitions and Applications and Regional Center Proposals," 74 Fed. Reg. 912 (Jan. 9, 2009). 36 The spouse and minor children of the investor may also file for green card status by filing separate Form I-485 applications. 37 Supra note 35. 11 Citizenship and Immigration Services Ombudsman Recommendation from the CIS Ombudsman to the Director, USCIS March 18, 2009 Page 12 of 17 The Ombudsman met with EB-5 product line managers and adjudicators at the TSC and CSC in August 2008 regarding the scheduled consolidation of EB-5 adjudications at the CSC. At that time, there were two EB-5 adjudicators at the TSC, each with over ten years of experience. The Ombudsman learned that neither of these seasoned TSC EB-5 adjudicators would relocate to the CSC to continue work on EB-5 filings. However, these seasoned adjudicators trained ten CSC adjudicators who now supplement the EB-5 unit. The CSC advised the Ombudsman that it expects the new complement of CSC EB-5 adjudicators to reduce processing times. Final transition of all EB-5 related adjudications and oversight to the CSC, including IRCU functions, occurred in January 2009. Recent EB-5 Stakeholder Meetings and Feedback Stakeholders advised the Ombudsman that they are concerned about delays in EB-5 processing times and the impact on existing investors. Specifically, some expressed concern 38 that adjudicators who are new to the complex EB-5 product line may seek to review previously settled guidance, or request new types of evidence from investors.39 USCIS met with an EB-5 regional center trade association group in Washington on September 22, 2008. There were four themes highlighted by EB-5 stakeholders at this meeting: program institutionalization, program enforcement, minimization of program risk, and a need to increase program predictability. Stakeholders believe that USCIS should not re-adjudicate the indirect job creation methodology when reviewing individual Form I-526 and I-829 petitions. Since that meeting, USCIS advised the Ombudsman in December 2008 that the agency is continuing to review I-829s to determine if the originally presented methodology is valid and appropriate, and whether the projected jobs were created or will be created within two years.40 38 These concerns were raised by individual stakeholders with the Ombudsman in informal discussions in the fall of 2008, and in an Ombudsman-hosted a public teleconference on September 26, 2008, "EB-5 Investor Visas: Opportunities and Challenges." 39 In the past, the AAO has endorsed a "hypertechnical" review of certain issues, including source and path of funds. See Matter of [Redacted], EAC 98 229 50661, Vermont Service Center (AAO Jan. 18, 2005) (""hypertechnical" requirements for establishing the lawful source of an investor"s funds serve a valid government interest….") citing a Ninth Circuit decision, Spencer Enterprises, Inc., v. United States, 229 F. Supp. 2d 1025, 1040 (E.D. Cal. 2001), aff'd 345 F. 3d 683 (9th Cir. 2003). 40 USCIS has sent mixed messages on the question of whether and when an EB-5 investor must prove that the qualifying Regional Center investment satisfied the law"s job creation requirement. In an October 22, 2008, letter to Senator Patrick J. Leahy (D-VT), Chairman of the Senate Committee on the Judiciary, USCIS stated that a business plan that relies on an indirect job creation methodology, but does not forecast the generation of the jobs within the two-year period that an investor is afforded conditional LPR status, is insufficient. Yet the same letter, citing 8 C.F.R. § 216.6(a)(4)(iv) (2008), states that the regulations do allow some flexibility for USCIS to remove the conditions on an investor"s LPR status based upon a showing that the forecasted "jobs will be created within a reasonable time." Note that the cited regulation concerns the adjudication of Form I-829 and in fact does not 12 Citizenship and Immigration Services Ombudsman Recommendation from the CIS Ombudsman to the Director, USCIS March 18, 2009 Page 13 of 17 III. ANALYSIS Based upon the foregoing discussion, EB-5 program administration has historically lacked continuity. For the EB-5 program to realize its full potential, it is essential that USCIS establish a regulatory and administrative environment to promote investor confidence that the program can be relied upon. Accordingly, the Ombudsman makes the following recommendations to USCIS: 1. Quickly Finalize the Special Legislation Regulations. USCIS drafted proposed regulations to implement the EB-5 special legislation in 2002,41 but these proposed rules remain in internal rulemaking review processes with the USCIS Office of Chief Counsel.42 Adjudicators in the field indicate that they are ready to address these long- pending I-829 petitions to remove condition cases, but need final action on the regulations to move forward. Continued delay negatively impacts adjudicators and USCIS as a whole, as hours of customer service time are spent addressing congressional and direct customer inquiries on these cases. Finalization of these proposed regulations is overdue. For these reasons, the Ombudsman recommends that USCIS finalize regulations to implement the special 2002 EB-5 legislation which offers a certain subgroup 43 of EB-5 investors a pathway to cure deficiencies in their previously submitted petitions. 2. Do Not Re-adjudicate the Job Creation Methodology Question. USCIS should issue Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for Form I-526 and Form I-829 adjudications that specifically instruct adjudicators that they are not to reexamine the job methodology issue. Repeat questioning, debate, and re-adjudication of complex economic models and analyses used to prove the ten full-time job creation requirement unnecessarily uses USCIS resources and results in adjudication delays. Eliminating this re-examination may result in increased speed and predictability in adjudications, and allow adjudicators more time to focus on other factual matters. The adoption of SOPs should yield greater regularity in process, and consequently, build confidence in EB-5 project developers and attract potential foreign national entrepreneurs. specifically state that the investor must prove that the required jobs be created and filled within the two-year conditional LPR period initially granted to the EB-5 investor. 41 Supra note 27. 42 Information provided by USCIS to the Ombudsman (Jan. 30, 2008). 43 This subgroup includes only those EB-5 investors whose Form I-526 petition was filed and/or approved between January 1, 1995 and August 31, 1998. 13 Citizenship and Immigration Services Ombudsman Recommendation from the CIS Ombudsman to the Director, USCIS March 18, 2009 Page 14 of 17 Developers and investors should be able to rely on the rules applicable at the time they make their investments and expect the government not to revisit those rules when it adjudicates their cases. Accordingly, once the agency reviews the indirect job methodology presented by a developer in its submission seeking USCIS designation as an approved Regional Center, the issue should be considered conclusively established, absent clear error or fraud. For these reasons, the Ombudsman recommends that USCIS issue Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for Form I-526 and Form I-829 that specifically direct EB-5 adjudicators to not reconsider or re-adjudicate the indirect job creation methodology in Regional Center cases, absent clear error or evidence of fraud. 3. Issue More EB-5 Precedent/Adopted44 Decisions. Although the EB-5 visa category and the Regional Center pilot program have been in existence for over 15 years, many key terms have not been clearly defined by USCIS. Such ambiguity contributes to entrepreneur anxiety and uncertainty about the program, and ultimately to underutilization of this visa category. AAO issuance of additional precedent/adopted decisions would clarify USCIS" interpretation of key EB-5 terms and policies within specific fact patterns, and assist the business community, investors, and EB-5 adjudicators. For example: Definition of Restructuring. Current regulations do not define what level of restructuring or reorganization is required to render the purchase of an existing business a "new enterprise" under the EB-5 provisions. The AAO has held that simply buying and changing the legal name and/or the legal form of the business entity alone is insufficient to qualify the business as a "new enterprise." Designation of High Unemployment Area and Effect of Later Changes in Unemployment Rate. Clarification is needed on which government office(s) is/are appropriate to designate an area as a qualified "high unemployment area." The EB-5 legislation permits a lower ($500,000) threshold investment in areas so defined. In addition, clarification is needed on what impact an improvement in the unemployment rate would subsequently have on an investor who invested in a formerly designated "high unemployment area." The lack of clarity in these matters might cause investors to avoid investing in areas which could otherwise benefit from an infusion of foreign capital and related job creation. For these reasons, the Ombudsman recommends that USCIS designate more EB-5 Administrative Appeals Office (AAO) decisions as precedent/adopted decisions to provide 44 USCIS adopted decisions are AAO decisions that the USCIS Director proactively identifies and considers binding policy guidance on USCIS personnel, and must be followed in all cases involving similar issues. See generally Ombudsman Recommendation #20 (FR2005-20). 14 Citizenship and Immigration Services Ombudsman Recommendation from the CIS Ombudsman to the Director, USCIS March 18, 2009 Page 15 of 17 stakeholders, investors, and adjudicators a better understanding of the application of existing USCIS regulations to given factual circumstances. The Ombudsman suggests that USCIS issue additional EB-5 precedent/adopted decisions as an interim measure until completion of formal rulemaking, as outlined in Recommendation #4 below. 4. EB-5 Rulemaking Is Needed. The time is ripe to take a fresh look at how USCIS can best implement congressional intent in establishing the EB-5 category. Given that four significant EB-5 precedent decisions45 effectively established extra-regulatory interpretations of law, the Ombudsman further recommends that USCIS initiate formal EB-5 rulemaking to advance a new set of rules to replace the combination of existing rules and controlling precedent decisions.46 By engaging in formal rulemaking, USCIS will have a chance to reinvigorate the EB-5 program. For these reasons, the Ombudsman recommends that USCIS engage in formal rulemaking to further develop rules that will promote stakeholder and investor confidence as well as predictability in adjudicatory processes. 5. Form An EB-5 Advisory Group. USCIS should form an EB-5 inter-governmental advisory group composed of selected representatives from the Departments of Commerce, Treasury, State, Labor, and possibly, the Small Business Administration. Without recommending that these agencies have any adjudicatory role in determining the merits of an application or petition, this group should meet regularly to consult with USCIS on Regional Center designations, and to address other business, economic, and labor issues which impact the EB-5 program. Some of the specific matters which the inter-governmental advisory group could provide invaluable insight and assistance with include: the examination of Regional Center submissions for such designation, including the business plan; the financial instruments described; the designation of high unemployment areas; and the validity of "indirect job methodologies" advanced by EB-5 project developers. Additional issues might include: appropriate levels of due diligence related to program integrity; the availability and reasonableness of requesting particular financial documents and/or asset identification; and issues surrounding the path of funds. 45 Supra note 26. 46 To avoid further confusion or inequity, the regulations concerning new EB-5 filings should not be made retroactive. 15 Citizenship and Immigration Services Ombudsman Recommendation from the CIS Ombudsman to the Director, USCIS March 18, 2009 Page 16 of 17 For these reasons, the Ombudsman recommends that USCIS form an inter-governmental advisory group to consult on domestic business, economic, and labor considerations relevant to EB-5 adjudications. 6. Offer A Special Handling Processing Option To EB-5 Investors. High net-worth individuals who are willing to risk in excess of $500,000 in an investment in the United States require program predictability. Such entrepreneurs frequently make significant financial decisions in a matter of hours or days, and existing EB-5 case processing timeframes simply do not mesh well with the pace of progress expected in the business world. The Ombudsman notes that this is not a new concern -- the time USCIS takes to adjudicate these filings has been regularly mentioned as a source of difficulty by stakeholders and investors. This issue was specifically raised by stakeholders during a public meeting with USCIS in Washington in September 2004. It also was the subject of an April 6, 2005, letter from House Judiciary Committee Chairman James Sensenbrenner to then USCIS Director Eduardo Aguirre, requesting that USCIS process EB-5 cases more quickly by instituting a premium processing option, as well allowing for concurrent filing. 47 The Ombudsman recognizes that it may be impractical for USCIS to institute the standard 15-day48 premium processing $1,000 upgrade option49 for these complex EB-5 filings. However, USCIS may formulate an appropriately priced specialized handling option that is operationally sound (e.g., 60 days). For these reasons, the Ombudsman recommends that USCIS offer a Special Handling Package option to EB-5 investors for faster adjudication of Forms I-526, I-829, and related applications for a higher fee. 7. "Prioritize" Processing of Regional Center Related Filings. Section 4 of the Basic Pilot Program Extension and Expansion Act of 2003 states: "[i]n processing [EB-5] petitions … the Secretary of Homeland Security may give priority to petitions filed by aliens seeking admission under the pilot program…." 50 Timely adjudications are of critical importance to EB-5 investors. Given the current state of the U.S. economy, USCIS should exercise this discretion and "prioritize" Regional Center filings. Additionally, as a matter of administrative discretion, the Ombudsman suggests that USCIS consider accelerating its review and adjudication of all new applications seeking Regional Center approval and designation. In these difficult times, many communities nationwide could benefit from investments in newly created Regional Centers. 47 Supra note 15 at p. 26, citing to Chairman Sensenbrenner letter. "Concurrent filing" refers to the ability to simultaneously file Form I-485 along with Form I-526, rather than to file this form sequentially after the Form I-526 is approved. Existing regulations do not currently permit concurrent filing of these forms. 48 8 C.F.R. § 103.2(f) (2008). 49 INA § 286(u); 8 U.S.C. § 1356(u). 50 Supra note 5 (emphasis supplied). 16 Citizenship and Immigration Services Ombudsman Recommendation from the CIS Ombudsman to the Director, USCIS March 18, 2009 Page 17 of 17 For these reasons, the Ombudsman recommends that USCIS "prioritize" the review and processing of all Regional Center EB-5 related petitions and applications to foster the immediate creation and preservation of jobs. 8. Actively Promote the EB-5 Program. Visible support by USCIS of the EB-5 program generally, and the Regional Center Pilot Program specifically, would send a strong signal to entrepreneurs, financiers, and stakeholders that the United States is open for business and intends to welcome immigrant investors. Sending such a signal, in coordination with its adoption of the other recommendations in this study, would likely encourage individuals and interests to look at the EB-5 program. Just as corresponding immigration components in other countries actively promote their immigrant investor programs globally,51 USCIS should actively support the U.S. EB-5 program. For these reasons, the Ombudsman recommends that USCIS establish a program to promote the EB-5 program overseas in coordination with the U.S. Departments of State and Commerce. IV. CONCLUSION The underutilization of the EB-5 visa category is principally caused by significant regulatory and administrative obstacles, as well as by uncertainties that undermine investor and stakeholder confidence. Given current economic conditions, by adopting these recommendations USCIS will send a message that it accepts, understands, and will implement Congress" intention that the EB-5 program serve as an employment creation engine for our nation. 51 Among others, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Poland, and the United Kingdom have investor programs that offer high net-worth individuals the opportunity for permanent resident status. Some are more active than others in terms of marketing. One of the most active is Canada, where the equivalent organization to USCIS, Citizenship & Immigration Canada (CIC), actively promotes and sponsors initiatives to strengthen its Immigrant Investor Program. In 2004, CIC reported that immigrant investors contributed CDN $211 million in funds that were used to create employment opportunities for Canadians. "Annual Report to Parliament on Immigration, 2005;" http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/resources/publications/annual-report2005/section3.asp (accessed Dec. 22, 2008). 17
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Drawing a Presence
10 May 2014 – 12 Jul 2014
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Drawing a Presence
AboutDrawing a Presence is a snap shot of what it's like to be a certain age, at a particular time, in a specific place. The works deal with migration, landscape, folklore and social perceptions. They cover many media ' wax sculpture, large-scale drawings, analogue photography and performance poetry ' each conveying their own personal response to Cornwall. Co-curated by Elle Sambrook and Henry Osman, this exhibition invites visitors to Newlyn Art Gallery to view Cornwall as seen by a new generation of artists.
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Summary: This exciting and much anticipated third edition is updated to bring students the latest in HTML, conforming to XML and XHTML coding standards. Part of the Illustrated Series, this text offers a quick, visual, step-by-step approach for learning how to create, format, and enhance a Web page using HTML. The completely new real-world case scenarios and new content are sure to help your students grasp key HTML skills. Features adding-left:10px;margin:0px;'> Provides updated HTML examples that conform to XML and XHTML coding standards, and new real-world case scenarios keeping your students up-to-date. Offers content for a full-semester HTML course. Includes two new units on Creating Links to Web Pages and Other Files and on Cascading Style Sheets. Offers a quick, visual way to learn the very latest features of HTML, including how to design and create a Web page, formatting and adding graphics to a page, creating forms, tables and frames, and more. Helps you prepare for your course with ease using the extensive Instructor Resources available with this text. ...show more
Unit A: Creating an HTML Document Unit B: Creating Links Unit C: Formatting Text with HTML Unit D: Adding Graphics and Multimedia Unit E: Formatting Pages with Cascading Style Sheets Unit F: Working with Tables Unit G: Using Forms to Control Input Unit H: Controlling Page Layout Unit I: Designing Web Pages Unit J: Scripting for HTML Unit K: Working with Dynamic HTML (DHTML) Unit L: Controlling Content Dynamically Unit M: Positioning with DHTML Unit N: Implementing Advanced DHTML Features Unit O: Structuring Data with XML Appendix
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GoblinsGoblins (2015) Theatrical Cartoon by Dave Koch
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Goblins, set in an extraordinary world of brilliantly original monsters and magical creatures, tells the story of riotous, ill-mannered and all-around bloodthirsty goblins who live in the gigantic ruins of Clovenstone Castle, and spend their time mindlessly fighting, looting, and menacing neighboring villages. Only clever young Skarper understands that an ancient and powerful magic created by a vanquished sorcerer is rising again. Soon, giants, cloudmaidens, swamp monsters, treewarriors, rampaging goblins and hapless humans will be swept into a fabulous magical conflict that will determine the fate of their world, and delight discerning audiences of all ages.
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Sleep issues, everybody's got 'em...
C + K (October 2010) =
E <3 February 23rd, 2012
Comments (10)
Care for your vag, don't scare your vag.- Nellwynn
It's a slow, painful wake up for us. Rustling and flailing around and then loud and angry screaming. I try to get her back to sleep at the first sign of it, but it rarely works. Ugh.
Mom to The Bear - 02/19/2012
BF, CD, BW, co-sleeping
"She's a reforming unicorn. She still has the ocassional glitter shart." - JillyBean TM
My LO used to wake up crying loud when she was teething. As soon as the teeth pierced through the gums she stopped waking up crying. Now when she wakes up she is fussing around before gradually starting to cry. Some times she falls back asleep after fussing around for a minute.
I've also noticed (a while ago) that when we removed the bumpers in the crib she would wake up crying after crawling into the crib wall while moving at night. ...
C + K (October 2010) =
E <3 February 23rd, 2012
Good luck mama. I hope you can figure things out
Army Wife
DS 01-20-00 5lbs 15oz (32 weeks) DS 02-09-12 6 lbs 10oz (38 weeks)
DD 8-13-13 (40 +1 weeks) 6lbs 12 oz
Army Wife
DS 01-20-00 5lbs 15oz (32 weeks) DS 02-09-12 6 lbs 10oz (38 weeks)
DD 8-13-13 (40 +1 weeks) 6lbs 12 oz
My LO usually just fusses and then gradually cries louder and louder. She recently has gone through phases of all out screaming in the MOTN. I finally realized it had to do with teething. When I know she's going thru some teething difficulty now, I'll put orajel on her gums before I put her to bed, or if we're having a REALLY bad time of it, I'll give her Tylenol. HTH
Proud mommy of a perfectly beautiful baby girl.


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- 1,389 total posts
- 2 reviews
- 1,381 comments
- 6 questions
Reviews by MissRT
12 Weeks post op arm Lipo w/ Salama pix included
I m sorta new to this bbl realself but been reading post from everyone for the past 6 months, this website has really helped me to make a decision to go through this , thank you ladies for taking your time to advise and tell your experience, the ugly, the bad, and the good. My height is 5.1 120... READ MORE
Velashape After Lipo - Orlando, FL
Had lipo n bbl done 1 year ago with dr Salama in Miami Florida , revision 3 months ago with same surgeon , surgeon recommended velashape treatments to smooth out results , so I inquired about a clinic close to my house , they had a deal for 10 for 750.00 so went ahead n got me a package ,... READ MORE
Questions from MissRT
Is It Recommended to Do Light Cardio and Butt Exercises Months Prior to BBL Surgery?
Planning to have BBL surgery in JUly 15th but was not sure if is recommendable to do light cardio and butt exercises to build my strength months prior to surgery. READ MORE
armpit Lipo done , (not arms) , but my doctor did NOT recommended any garment , was it wise to follow his advise ?
At week 5 post op i don't see any improvement on armpit lipo, dr did not recommended any garment for my armpit area, was it wise to follow his advise ?i still have lots of... READ MORE
When does fat drop after revision bbl? (photos)
Dent on lower buttock area after revision at week 5 post op. Will dent go away with time once fat settles ? or this means I hv to go back for a revision of a revision. Dr put... READ MORE
7 weeks post op BBL revision , can't determine if this is a dent, cellulite or discoloration? Please help ! (photo)
At 7 week post op bbl revision, can't determine if is dent or cellulite or discoloration , why this happened ? Prior to revision I didn't have this issue . Dr injected left... READ MORE
Brazilian Butt Lift Revision failed - dent is back 7 weeks post op. Why this is happening again? (photo)
Went in for revision to have fat grafted on my right side ( see pix) fat is slowing disappearing and dent Is back at 7 weeks post op . Is it my body refusing to take fat or is... READ MORE
Recent comments from MissRT
I am almost at 2 year post op . First Bbl done on 7.13 and bbl revision done on April 4. 14 I got to say it made a 4 inch difference in my body . Not extremely big but i u r small from the start ( I was 5'1 123 pounds at the time of... READ COMMENT
Hang in there. you guys are so cute. Wish i could have mine Bbl with my cousin or a friend together to support each other. Looking fab. both of you. Happy healings.. I just had my arm and bra fat done with salama, and whatever fat he... READ COMMENT
I m right behind you READ COMMENT
Glad everything went well . I over heard u getting ready for your massage . Did u had your arms done as well, READ COMMENT
Adding hips will be good to give u hour shape , wishing u good luck on the dr u pick . READ COMMENT


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It's been a long, long 4 months since I've ended my first year of Uni, and I can't wait to go back! (I've already picked out the shoes and clothes, as well as the earrings Imma wear tomorrow!)
While I'm writing this, my skin is absorbing layer by layer of skincare, my Mani is done, my ghastly one-color-per-toe Pedi has been literally scrubbed off, and I'm just waiting to dose off to sleep~
Now's the perfect time to reminisce on the closing week of my summer holidays. (I know that it's the height of winter in the Northern hemisphere, but since my Uni is an Australian one, the summer holidays have just ended heehee)
I went to my first 21st birthday party of the year last Saturday, it was my friend Amanda S.T's birthday and we partied at her MASSIVELY beautiful house~ Thanks for inviting us, Amanda!
Mama Daforcena dragged us to browse for cars again. We went to Klang (a town not far from Kuala Lumpur) to search for THAT ONE SPECIAL CAR that's in the picture! (It's a no brainer really, the rest were out of our price bracket) We're waiting for it to arrive this week!
We also spotted this ADORABLE iPhone cover at a techie mall near my house. The ears can move up and down!
On Monday, my digital piano finally worked (It had problems starting before)! I practiced the Prayer by Andrea Bocelli and Celine Dion all week. I have the melody and harmony down now, but there's still itty bitty misplaced notes here and there >.< I also discovered that my range is from the E lower than the middle C to the E above it, which is only 2 octaves, which is 3 octaves short of Mariah Carey's, because I could not sing the high notes hahaha!
Also on Monday, I started the Fruit Detox Round 2. This time the menu consisted of oranges, apples, mandarin oranges, mushrooms and celery. I got 2.5 kilo off and I plan to keep it that way. It is a sorry, sorry state of survival having no meat for 4 days straight >.<
On Friday afternoon, me mom treated me to Assam Laksa (a sour, spicy rice noodle dish) to mark the end of my detox, yay!
I scored these strappy heels from me mom because she could not wear them! Hahhahhah #SomuchWin! I will wear the beige one to Uni tomorrow, yay!
So, how was your week? I hope it was a great as mine, if not, well, there's always next week!
See Ya!