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A method and apparatus for increasing the intelligibility of speech signals received by mobile stations via adapting some of the acoustic parameters of speech in the frequency domain. The mobile station may have the capability to modify speech signal parameters to conform the speech signal to a listener's hearing profile. In an alternative embodiment, mobile station processing and battery power are conserved by the communication network having the capability to modify speech signal parameters to conform the speech signal to a listener's hearing profile. To conserve mobile station memory, the user's hearing profile may be stored on the network.
1. A method of operating a mobile communications system, comprising the steps of:
receiving a voice signal at a communication network element, said voice signal destined for a mobile station;
retrieving a plurality of user hearing profiles associated with said mobile station, wherein at least one of said user profiles is different than that of a user with normal hearing;
presenting the user with a menu of the plurality of user profiles,
permitting the user to select a profile from the plurality of profiles:
modifying said voice signal in accordance with said the selected user hearing profile comprising the steps of:
shifting said voice signal to a frequency range that can be more easily understood by said user, as indicated in said selected hearing profile;
maintaining a relative frequency separation between a plurality of formats after said shifting step; and
transmitting, in response to said modifying step, said voice signal to said mobile station.
2. The method of
3. The method of
4. The method of
5. A mobile station comprising:
an antenna having an output;
a speaker having an input;
a memory for storing a plurality of user-adjustable hearing profiles different than that of a user with normal hearing;
a display for displaying a menu of hearing profiles from which the user may select:
a controller coupled between said output of said antenna and said input of said speaker, said controller configured to perform the steps of:
receiving a voice signal; and
shifting said voice signal by a predetermined frequency while maintaining the relative frequency separation between a plurality of voice-signal formants based on a selected user-adjustable hearing profile.
6. The mobile station of
7. The mobile station of
8. A mobile station for communicating with a communications network, said mobile station comprising:
an antenna having an output;
a speaking having an input;
a keypad;
a microphone;
a memory for storing a plurality of user-adjustable hearing profile profiles different than that of a user with normal hearing;
display for displaying a menu of hearing profiles from which the user may select;
a controller coupled between said output of said antenna and said input of said speaker, said controller configured to perform the steps of shifting a voice signal by a predetermined frequency while maintaining a relative frequency separation between a plurality of voice-signal formants based on a selected user-adjustable hearing profile.
9. The mobile station of
10. The mobile station of
11. The mobile station of
12. The mobile station of
13. A communications systems, comprising:
a mobile station; and
a communications network, said network comprising at least a base station and a mobile switching center;
wherein said communications network is configured to perform the steps of:
receiving a voice signal, said voice signal destined for a mobile station;
retrieving a plurality of user hearing profiles different than that of a user with normal hearing, the user being associated with said mobile station;
allowing the user to select one on the plurality of hearing profiles;
modifying said voice signal in accordance with the selected user hearing profile by shifting said voice signal by a predetermined frequency and maintaining, in response to said shifting step, a relative frequency separation between a plurality of formants in said voice signal; and
transmitting said voice signal to said mobile station.
14. The communications system of
15. The communications system of
16. The communications system of
17. The communications system of
18. The communications system of
19. A method of operating a mobile station, comprising the steps of:
maintaining in said mobile station a plurality of user-changeable user profiles different than that of a user with normal hearing;
permitting the user to select a profile from a menu of profiles;
receiving a voice signal at a mobile station;
shifting said voice signal, based on the selected user profile to a frequency range that can be heard by said user; and
maintaining, in response to said shifting step, the relative frequency separation between a plurality of formats in said voice signal.
This invention relates to audio signal compensation techniques and, more particularly, to mobile communication devices with audio signal adaptation for hearing characteristics of the listener.
As people age, hearing ability often deteriorates. A common type of age-related hearing problem is reduced sensitivity of the ear to the higher end of the speech frequency range. For the elderly with this type of hearing loss, following a conversation is difficult. This problem is exacerbated when using a telephone because there is no visual feedback, unlike that present in face to face conversation. In fact, most listeners are not able to discriminate speech solely by hearing if the listener's formant discrimination ability is less than half a normal listener's. Formant discrimination is the ability to distinguish the sounds (formants) that compose a particular speech sound.
Speech signals consist of different kinds of acoustic cues covering the frequency range of 0.1 kHz to 8 kHz. This frequency range is within the normal hearing sensitivity curve, which is often described as the speech banana due to the shape of the curve. All the acoustic cues in speech (e.g., fundamental frequency, vowel formants, noise bursts, transitions, etc.) lie within the speech banana. The most important part of the banana is the middle region, approximately 0.5 kHz to 2 kHz. This middle region carries most of the phonetically important information in speech. For example, the higher (over 3 kHz) formants in vowels can be destroyed largely without any significant effects on the intelligibility of speech signals. If, however, formants in the middle range are destroyed or covered by noise, the intelligibility of a speech signal is seriously decreased.
Unfortunately, mobile communication systems have generally not recognized the problems caused by destruction of formant information in the middle region of the speech banana. Often, due to the destruction of middle region formants, it is hard for even a listener with normal hearing to understand spoken messages via a telephone. Listeners with hearing loss are at an even greater disadvantage because the visual cues that they commonly use to compensate are not present in phone conversations.
Many people have high frequency hearing loss. These people generally have lost some ability to hear the upper end of the middle region of the speech banana. The most usual reason for not being able to discriminate higher frequencies in speech is decreased hearing ability caused by aging (presbyacusis) or noise injury. Because female voices are generally higher in frequency than male voices, it is commonly difficult for older listeners to understand female voices.
Hearing defects caused by presbyacusis or noise injury are quite common. Presbyacusis of varying degrees develops in everyone as they age. Familiar sources of noise injury that may cause permanent hearing damage in the speech frequencies are jet engines, rock concerts, and industrial equipment.
Often, users of mobile communication systems are forced to communicate by speech in environments where background noise of high or low frequencies selectively masks important information in their speech. This background noise interference will reduce the hearing capability of even a person having normal hearing ability. Because telephone conversations decrease the intelligibility of speech even in listeners with normal hearing, presbyacusis and noise injury further worsen the quality of speech intelligibility in telecommunications.
Disclosed is a method and apparatus for increasing the intelligibility of speech in mobile communications. Transposing some of the acoustic information bearing parameters of speech in the frequency domain modifies a speech signal so that intelligibility can be increased for listeners suffering from presbyacusis, noise injury, or other hearing impairments.
To compensate for presbyacusis, noise injury, high background noise, or other causes of hearing impairment, the critical frequencies in the speech signal can be shifted in the frequency domain in such a way that the information bearing elements of the speech signal remain unchanged in relation to each other. For example, to compensate for a listener's presbyacusis, the shifting of speech signal information is towards lower frequencies in a manner that all or a part of the speech range is moved to a frequency band that is more suitable for the listener.
In a presently preferred embodiment of the invention, a mobile station is disclosed that processes a received audio signal such that acoustic cues important to speech intelligibility are transposed in the frequency domain to account for a listener's unique hearing ability or to compensate for background noise. The mobile station may use a predetermined hearing profile for the listener, perhaps obtained from listener's audiologist, may create a listener profile by administering a hearing test, may allow the user to select a profile from a menu of predetermined profiles, or may allow the user to create his own profile by entering information via the user interface. In alternative embodiments, background noise either in the speaker's environment or in the listener's environment may be counteracted by shifting the voice signal away from the frequencies of the background noise. In another alternative embodiment, the mobile communications network could perform all the signal processing necessary to implement the disclosed innovations, thereby saving mobile station battery and processing power. In some embodiments, user profiles could also be stored on the communication network in order to save mobile station memory and to allow users to freely switch between mobile stations without having to recreate a listener profile.
The disclosed inventions will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, which show important sample embodiments of the invention and which are incorporated in the specification hereof by reference, wherein:
FIG. 1 depicts a block diagram of a mobile station that may implement an embodiment of the disclosed innovations.
FIG. 2 depicts a speech sample with characteristic signal in the time domain.
FIG. 3 compares an unmodified voice signal with a typical hearing sensitivity curve of a young person.
FIG. 4 compares an unmodified voice signal with a typical hearing sensitivity curve of an older person with reduced high frequency sensitivity.
FIG. 5 depicts the frequency and amplitude characteristics of a first vowel.
FIG. 6 depicts the frequency and amplitude characteristics of a second vowel.
FIG. 7 depicts a block diagram of a typical communication system that may implement an embodiment of the disclosed innovations.
FIG. 8 depicts a block diagram of a method of implementing an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 9 depicts a block diagram of an alternative method of implementing an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 10 depicts a block diagram of an alternative method of implementing an embodiment of the invention.
The numerous innovative teachings of the present application will be described with particular reference to the presently preferred embodiment. However, it should be understood that this class of embodiments provides only a few examples of the many advantageous uses of the innovative teachings herein. In general, statements made in the specification of the present application do not necessarily delimit any of the various claimed inventions. Moreover, some statements may apply to some inventive features but not to others.
Various embodiments of the disclosed method and system will be described using a mobile station. FIG. 1 shows a mobile station 100 capable of implementing the disclosed innovations. The mobile station 100 includes, in this example:
A control head 102 containing an audio interface, i.e. a speaker 104 and microphone 106. The control head 102 generally includes a display assembly 108 allowing a user to see dialed digits, stored information, messages, calling status information, including signal strength, etc. The control head generally includes a keypad 110, or other user control device, allowing a user to dial numbers, answer incoming calls, enter stored information, and perform other mobile station functions. For embodiments of the invention that are able to create user profiles, for example by administering hearing tests, a listener may use the keypad 110 to mark when the listener has heard a tone during the test. The control head also has a controller unit 134 that interfaces with a logic control assembly 118 responsible, from the control unit perspective, for receiving commands from the keypad 110 or other control devices, and providing status information, alerts, and other information to the display assembly 108;
A transceiver unit 112 includes a transmitter unit 114, receiver unit 116, and the logic control assembly 118. The transmitter unit 114 converts low-level audio signals from the microphone 106 to digital coding using a codec (data coder/decoder) 120. The digitally encoded audio is represented by modulated shifts, for example, in the frequency domain, using a shift key modulator/demodulator 122. Other data received from the logic control assembly 118, such as station parameters and control information, may also be encoded for transmission. The modulated signal is then amplified by RF amplifier 124 and transmitted via an antenna assembly 126.
In some embodiments of the invention, logic control assembly 118 may compensate for background noise in the speaker's or listener's environment. This can be accomplished by, among other methods, using microphone 106 in control head 102 to sense background noise during periods where no speech activity is occurring. Thus the background noise level and/or frequency can be sampled by mobile station 100 during this sampling period between speech activity. During the periods when speech activity is occurring, the speech signal can be modified to shift the speech signal away from the background noise in the frequency domain based upon knowledge of the background noise obtained during the sampling period. To compensate for background noise in the speaker's environment, a speech signal may be modified in logic control assembly 118 before transmission by RF amplifier 124. To compensate for background noise in the listener's environment, a speech signal may be modified in logic control assembly 118 before it is acoustically reproduced in speaker 104.
The antenna assembly 126 contains a TR (transmitter/receiver) switch 136 to prevent simultaneous reception and transmission of a signal by the mobile station 100. The transceiver unit 112 is connected to the antenna assembly 126 through the TR switch 136. The antenna assembly contains at least one antenna 138 coupled to TR switch 136 by coupler 140.
A receiver unit 116 receives a transmitted signal via the antenna assembly 126. The signal is amplified by receiver/amplifier 124 and demodulated by shift-key demodulator 122. If the signal is an audio signal, it is decoded using the codec 120. The audio signal is then reproduced by the speaker 104. Other signals are handled by the logic control assembly 118 after demodulation by demodulator 122.
A logic control assembly 118 usually containing an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) combining many functions, such as a general-purpose microprocessor, digital signal processor, and other functions, may be implemented in one integrated circuit. The logic control assembly 118 coordinates the overall operation of the transmitter and receiver using control messages. Various disclosed embodiments make use of the logic control assembly 118 to control processing of a speech signal to increase intelligibility of the speech signal. Generally, the logic control assembly 118 operates from a program that is stored, for example, in flash memory 128 of the mobile station. The program stored in flash memory 128 may implement any or all of the inventive methods disclosed below. Flash memory 128 allows upgrading of operating software, software correction, or addition of new features. Flash memory 128 may also be used to hold user information such as speed dialing names, stored numbers, and, in the context of the disclosed invention, a user's hearing profile. The various disclosed embodiments typically function from this or another section of the mobile station's memory.
In addition to flash memory 128, the mobile station will typically contain read only memory (ROM) 130 for storing information that should not change, such as startup procedures, and random access memory (RAM) 132 to hold temporary information such as channel number and system identifier.
FIG. 2 shows a typical example of a voice signal with its characteristic signal in the time domain. Such a voice signal is unintelligible to a significant portion of listeners due to hearing loss or background interference. By transposing some of the acoustic cues in this signal in the frequency domain, the disclosed invention can increase the signal's intelligibility to many listeners.
FIG. 3 shows an enlarged picture of an unmodified portion of the speech signal in the frequency domain and its relation to the hearing sensitivity curve (speech banana) of a typical young person with normal hearing. The high-end frequencies of the speech signal and the high frequency end of the hearing sensitivity curve overlap. Thus this listener can hear all the acoustic cues in this speech signal. Note that in this example, there is unused spectrum available at the lower end of the hearing sensitivity curve. In some embodiments of the disclosed invention, the voice signal can be moved into this previously unused spectrum.
FIG. 4 shows an enlarged picture of a transposed portion of the voice signal in the frequency domain. This example shows a hearing sensitivity curve with reduced high-end sensitivity, in other words a hearing impairment at high frequencies. If the voice signal is not transposed, this reduced sensitivity causes speech to be less intelligible due to lost acoustic cues. As shown, the spectrum of the voice signal is moved to lower frequencies to adapt the signal to the listener's unique hearing ability. Thus there is little overlap of the frequencies where the listener has impaired hearing and the frequencies where the voice signal has been transposed.
The voice signal shown in FIG. 4 is not merely shifted in frequency by the preferred embodiments of the disclosed invention. Such a frequency shift, without more, will distort acoustic cues necessary for understanding speech.
FIG. 5 shows a first vowel sound and the relationship between formants, F1, F2 and F3 that distinguish this vowel sound from others. FIG. 6 shows a second vowel sound and the relationship between its formants. By comparing FIG. 5 to FIG. 6, it can be seen that formant F1 and F3 are located at the same frequency. Formant F2 is at a different frequency location. The distinguishing difference between these two vowel sounds, from a speech intelligibility viewpoint, is not the frequency location of formant F2. The distinguishing difference is the relative relationship between the locations of the formants. In other words, one of the relationships that distinguishes the first vowel sound from the second is that in the first vowel sound (as shown in FIG. 5) formant F2 occurs at a frequency roughly five times as great as the frequency at which formant F1 occurs and in the second vowel sound (as shown in FIG. 6) formant F2 occurs at a frequency that is roughly twice as great as the frequency at which formant F1 occurs. This relationship between formants is why the vowel sounds are perceived as different sounds by the listener and why the preferred embodiments of the disclosed invention do not merely shift the frequency of the voice signal.
One acoustic cue necessary for understanding speech is the relative relationship between formants. The listener uses this relationship to distinguish the different sounds from which speech is composed. As an example, if the vowel sound of FIG. 6 was uniformly shifted downward by 200 Hz, the relationship between formants F1 and F2 would be damaged, resulting in a less intelligible vowel sound. The shift would cause F1 to occur at 100 Hz (the lower end of the normal hearing sensitivity curve) and F2 would occur at 500 Hz. The frequency shift has caused formant F2 to occur at a frequency that is five times the frequency at which formant F1 occurs. In other words, merely shifting the frequency of the second vowel sound may cause the second vowel sound shown in FIG. 6 to have the formant relationship of the first vowel sound shown in FIG. 5, thus causing the second vowel sound to be confusingly similar to the first vowel sound.
The preferred methods of implementing the disclosed inventions will retain the relative distances or positions of the formants F1, F2, and F3. Although a vowel sound, for example, may have many formants, it is currently believed that the relationship between the first three is most important to speech intelligibility. Referring to FIG. 1, in the preferred embodiment logic assembly 118 processes the voice signal such that the relative position between the first three formants will remain essentially unchanged.
Shifting the frequency spectrum of a part of the voice signal may be accomplished in at least two ways. In the first way, the transposed signal is overlaid on top of whatever acoustic signal may already be in the frequency band to which the transposed signal is shifted. While conceptually easy, this first method has the disadvantage that special processing may be required to avoid doubling the noise in the overlapping areas. This special signal processing generally has undesirable effects on the speech signal. In the second way, the transposed signal replaces whatever signal was originally present in the frequency band to which the transposed signal is shifted. The second method avoids doubling the noise due to the overlapping signals but will lose whatever information was originally in the band.
FIG. 7 depicts a mobile station 700 and a communications network 710 capable of implementing the disclosed innovations in an alternative embodiment. Communications network 710 would typically consist of at least a base station (BS) 720, mobile switching center (MSC) 730 and Home Location Register (HLR) 740. In this alternative embodiment, some or all of the signal processing necessary to adapt a voice signal to a listener's hearing characteristics would take place in the network 710. By performing signal processing of the voice signal, network elements such as the base station 720 or mobile switching center 730 can free the mobile station 700 from this computational burden and conserve its battery power.
When mobile switching center 730 registers with the network 710, MSC 730 would first locate a hearing profile for the user of mobile station 700. This profile could be stored with the rest of the mobile station's information in the HLR 740 or in the mobile station 700 itself. If no profile is found, mobile station 700 or a network element such as MSC 730 via mobile station 700 could query whether the user desires to create a hearing profile. If so, either the mobile station 700 or the network elements via the mobile station could administer a hearing test by playing tones of varying loudness for the user. The user would, perhaps, press a key on the mobile station keypad or speak into the mobile station microphone when the tone is loud enough to be heard. In this way, a hearing profile that tracks the unique hearing sensitivity curve of the user could be created. Alternatively, via the keypad or voice input, the user could select a preset hearing profile from a menu of a predetermined profiles, enter settings for his own unique profile, or could download a profile, perhaps from his audiologist.
When mobile switching center 730 receives a voice signal destined for mobile station 700, a signal processor in MSC 730 would process the voice signal by one of the disclosed methods to enhance intelligibility for the listener in accordance with the listener's hearing profile.
FIG. 8 depicts a block diagram of a method of implementing an embodiment of the invention. In step 800, a voice signal is shifted by a predetermined frequency. The predetermined frequency is established based on a listener's hearing profile. For example, if the hearing profile showed high-frequency hearing loss, the voice signal would be shifted downwards by an amount great enough to move the part or all of the voice signal into the range where the listener has hearing ability. Step 810 shows that the relative frequency separation between the formants in the signal will be unchanged after the frequency shift of step 800. For example, if formant F1 occurred at twice the frequency of formant F2 in the unshifted signal, then F1 would occur at twice the frequency of F2 in the shifted signal.
FIG. 9 depicts a block diagram of a method of implementing an embodiment of the disclosed invention in a mobile station. A voice signal is received at the mobile station in step 900. In step 910, the voice signal is shifted, based on a user profile, to a frequency range that can be heard by the mobile station user. The relative frequency separation between the formants of the voice signal is maintained, as shown in step 920. Proportionally, the relation between the formants of the shifted signal and the unshifted signal remains nearly the same.
FIG. 10 depicts a block diagram of a method of implementing an embodiment of the disclosed invention in a communication system. In step 1000, a voice signal is received at an element in the communication network. At decision block 1010, if the voice signal is not destined for a mobile station, it can proceed to be transmitted to its destination in step 1040. At decision block 1010, if the voice signal is destined for a mobile station, a user hearing profile associated with the mobile station is retrieved by a network element in step 1020. After retrieving the hearing profile, the voice signal is modified in step 1030 in accordance with the profile. In step 1040, the modified signal is transmitted to its destination mobile station.
As will be recognized by those skilled in the art, the innovative concepts described in the present application can be modified and varied over a tremendous range of applications, and accordingly the scope of patented subject matter is not limited by any of the specific exemplary teachings given.
For example, although program storage of the innovative methods disclosed herein is discussed primarily in the context of flash memory, any suitable type of storage medium can be used, such as, perhaps, ROM, RAM, hard or floppy disk drives.
For example, although the apparatus and method have been described with reference to a mobile station, the innovative concepts disclosed are applicable to any portable communications device.
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Switzerland's preparations for the 2010 FIFA World Cup South Africa™ took a knock as they suffered a shock defeat to Costa Rica in Sion.
Winston Parks, who plays his club football in Romania with FC Timisoara, scored the only goal of the game in the 57th minute. The result will have the Swiss contemplating their hopes in South Africa, as the Costa Ricans failed to qualify for the event, losing out to Uruguay in their inter-continental play-off.
Ottmar Hitzfeld's Switzerland are in Group H for the tournament in South Africa alongside European champions Spain, Chile and Honduras.

subset: commoncrawl


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Explore the numerous type options, type-related features, and type-specific preferences of Adobe InDesign. Using practical, real-world examples, instructor and designer Nigel French dissects the anatomy of a typeface and defines the vocabulary of typography. The course moves from the micro to the macro level, addressing issues such as choosing page size, determining the size of margins, adjusting number columns, and achieving a clean look with baseline grids. This course takes you from laying out a page to delving into the hows and whys of typography.
In this movie, I'm looking at some examples of when we might want to combine different alignments, and here I have a cooking recipe which combines right-aligned text with left-aligned text. And how do we achieve this? The Holy Grail of the side-by-side paragraph, there are various tips and work-arounds that you can use to get your paragraphs side by side. I think this is probably the easiest way, and that is to take this text and put it in its own separate text frame which I have done here, and then anchor that text frame to a specific point in the main body of the text, the reason for that being so that if the text is edited, then that anchored text frame will change its position relative to its anchored point. So, how do we achieve that? Well, I have on a separate layer the starting version, and the starting version is basically exactly the same text but without the text frames being positioned and without them being anchored.
So, I'm going to turn on my Guides, I'm going to draw down a guide to the baseline of that first line of this paragraph in the main text frame. And then, I'm going to position this relative to it on that baseline, and now the way we do this has changed since InDesign CS5.5. So, if you're working with 5.5 and above, things are easier. All we need to do is get that blue square on the text frame and drag that where we want to anchor it to. Job done! Now, if we are working with something earlier than InDesign CS5.5, we can still do it, we just have to work a bit harder, and here's how we do it.
We cut it, insert our cursor where we want the anchored object to go, and then paste it, and things get a little weird for a while. So then we select that Anchored text frame, and we come to the Object menu and to Anchored Object and to Options where we say we don't want it to be an Inline or Above Line, we want it to be a Custom Anchored Object. We define its Reference Point which in this case wants to be the top right-hand corner of that frame. I turn on my Preview, so we can see what's happening.
And now things look a whole lot better already, and then we need to define its Offset position. So the Y, it's vertical position, currently it's relative to the baseline, but I actually want it relative to the cap height. So, when I do that, it now moves up a bit, and then I want the X Offset to be whatever is my Gutter value, my Gutter value is 12 points, and I want to move to the left so that's 12 points, like so.
Now, once you have got one right, it's still a good idea to then turn this into an Object Style, and I have made an Object Style, you make an Object Style simply by choosing New Object Style with the example that you are basing the Object Style on. Select it, and I'm going to call this anchor1, I'll make sure that that is applied to that frame, and I'll click OK, and I can now come and select this frame. I'm doing it the old way for this one.
So, I'm going to cut it, I am going to paste it as before. But now since we set up the Object Style, all I need to do is just click on that to apply that Object Style, and it takes on exactly the right position relative to its insertion point. So, that's a way we can combine left- aligned text with right-aligned text. Just one other point relating to this, and since I have used Object Styles, I could now if I wanted to--let's say I want to move this text over there, like so--and I would like the anchored frames to move over to the right-hand side.
So, I can move one of them over, like so, and we now see that I have a plus symbol next to that Object Style name, indicating an override. I want to incorporate that override into the style definition. So I'm going to right-click on that, and choose Redefine Style, and then the other one moves over to the right as well. It doesn't look very good in this case because it's right aligned, it's moving away from this text rather than moving towards it. So, there's no harmony between those two text frames, but that's how you would do that if you wanted to update an Object Style's specification.
So, that's one example of combining alignments. Let's now move on to the next page, and I'll come and turn Layer1 back on. And in this instance, I'm using what is commonly referred to as movie credit alignment where we have right-aligned text, the text in the bold combined with left-aligned text so that we get this very strong vertical core between the two and they're both aligned to that point. We could do this using tabs, but frankly, the easier way of doing it is to use a table, and that's what I'm going to do. So, I have the text down here.
If I press W to turn on my Guides and hidden characters, we can see that there is a tab character inserted between the name of the actor and the character that they're playing. So, I am going to select all of that text, Command or Ctrl+A, and then come to the Table menu where I will do this, Convert Text to Table, and it's just going to put in a table, like so, and it's going to use that tab character that was in there to determine what becomes the information for each table cell.
Now, all I need to do is come and select the left-hand column, and I need to make sure that, that is right aligned, and the text in the right-hand column is already left aligned, don't need to make any changes there. I will need to select this table, and presumably, I don't want it to look like a table, so I'll come and make sure that I have all of my table borders selected by clicking on this proxy thing up here so that it's all in blue, and then I'll change the weight to 0.
So there's no stroke on any of the table cells or on the table border. So just to finish this up, I would now like a little bit of padding between the two pieces of information, and this I can achieve with a Cell Inset. So, I'm going to come to my Table menu and to my Cell Options, and then to Text where I can specify my Cell Inset. So currently, that's set to 4 points. I'm going to break the chain, I don't want to change the Top and Bottom Inset, but just the Left and Right Inset, and I'm going to increase that to let's say we want that to be 8 points for both.
Then we turn on the Preview, and we can see that's just going to push those two pieces of text away from each other, and now I can press W to hide my guides, and there's my result. Okay. One more example of mixing our alignments, and this is useful if ever you are creating a page folio for a book or a magazine or some other sort of publication where you want three bits of information all on the same line. So, we have the page number on the left, we have the web address in the middle, and then in this case we have the date of publication on the right-hand side or into the spine. So here's how we can do this.
I am going to turn on my guides, and then with my text frame, I'm going to draw text frame from guide to guide, and I'm going to right-click and insert my page number at that point. I'm going to select all and then make the type a little bit bigger. Now I'm going to press my Tab key, type in my web address, and then this time I'm going to press Shift+Tab which is going to give me this special character which is a Right Indent Tab. We can also find the same option under our Insert Special Character > Other > Right Indent Tab.
But Shift+Tab is the keyboard shortcut that we want, and I'll type in the date. Right now, the key is how do we get this bit information centered? I'll switch back to my Selection tool, and with my text frame selected, I can see these handles which mark its center point. I'm just going to drag out a guide to those handles. Now, I'll select the text, I'll come to Type > Tabs. And what I want is a Center Tab, which is that one right there, and I want to click it right on that guide, and it's going to move that bit of information that occurs after the tab, centering it on that point.
So, there we can apply three different alignments on the same line of copy. So, they're just some of the many different ways in which you can combine your alignments. I hope that's given you some ideas for how you can apply that in your own work.
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You're Going to Like What you Hear
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2008 BEST Children's Bookstore
Curious George & Friends
Founded with help from Curious George coauthor Margret Rey, this Harvard Square mainstay doesn't rest on pedigree. It livens up the calendar with frequent author signings, stays timely with additions like an "environmental awareness" section, and balances its bountiful classics with acclaimed new releases. And since sifting through thousands of titles for all reading levels can be daunting, the seasoned staffers are ready to help you locate, say, the perfect horse-themed series for your equine-obsessed nine-year-old niece. Though here's betting no assistance will be required to spot books and toys featuring a certain mischievous monkey.
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|Things You Are Not Allowed To Say: Part XXXIX
|Costco vs. Wal-Mart
by Christopher Chantrill
August 30, 2006 at 10:24 am
THE MSM REACTION to the San Francisco hit-and-run motorist yesterday was Ho Hum. No need to put Afghan driver Omeed Aziz Popal on the front page with his car in front of the Jewish Community Center in San Francisco.
Its like the Seattle gunman a few weeks ago. Nothing to report there really. Anyway, the South Asian suspect Naveed Afzal Haq supposedly converted to Christianity lately.
Then there was the North Carolina chappie, discussed by Shannon Blosser. Mohammad Reza Taheri-azar rented an SUV and drove it close to the student union at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, in the hope of hitting people.
Now imagine if these oppressed Muslims were instead middle-aged white guys driving SUVs into abortion clinics.
Yes. There wouldnt be any problem about getting their exploits on Page One. There wouldnt be any problem about declaring their acts as hate crimes. There wouldnt be any problem getting MSM news anchors to put on their deepest frown as they anathematized the dastardly white bigots. The horror. The outrage. The end of civilization as we know it. The right-wing hate.
But who cares about a few Jews being killed in Seattle and San Francisco?|
Christopher Chantrill blogs at www.roadtothemiddleclass.com. His Road to the Middle Class is forthcoming.
[The Axial Age] highlights the conception of a responsible self... [that] promise[s] man for the first time that he can understand the fundamental structure of reality and through salvation participate actively in it.
Robert N Bellah, "Religious Evolution", American Sociological Review, Vol. 29, No. 3.
[To make] of each individual member of the army a soldier who, in character, capability, and knowledge, is self-reliant, self-confident, dedicated, and joyful in taking responsibility [verantwortungsfreudig] as a man and a soldier. — Gen. Hans von Seeckt
MacGregor Knox, Williamson Murray, ed., The dynamics of military revolution, 1300-2050
Civil Societya complex welter of intermediate institutions, including businesses, voluntary associations, educational institutions, clubs, unions, media, charities, and churchesbuilds, in turn, on the family, the primary instrument by which people are socialized into their culture and given the skills that allow them to live in broader society and through which the values and knowledge of that society are transmitted across the generations.
Francis Fukuyama, Trust
[W]hen I asked a liberal longtime editor I know with a mainstream [publishing] house for a candid, shorthand version of the assumptions she and her colleagues make about conservatives, she didn't hesitate. Racist, sexist, homophobic, anti-choice fascists, she offered, smiling but meaning it.
Harry Stein, I Can't Believe I'm Sitting Next to a Republican
[T]he Liberal, and still more the subspecies Radical... more than any other in these latter days seems under the impression that so long as he has a good end in view he is warranted in exercising over men all the coercion he is able[.]
Herbert Spencer, The Man Versus the State
These emerge out of long-standing moral notions of freedom, benevolence, and the affirmation of ordinary life... I have been sketching a schematic map... [of] the moral sources [of these notions]... the original theistic grounding for these standards... a naturalism of disengaged reason, which in our day takes scientistic forms, and a third family of views which finds its sources in Romantic expressivism, or in one of the modernist successor visions.
Charles Taylor, Sources of the Self
Families helped each other putting up homes and barns. Together, they built churches, schools, and common civic buildings. They collaborated to build roads and bridges. They took pride in being free persons, independent, and self-reliant; but the texture of their lives was cooperative and fraternal.
Michael Novak, The Spirit of Democratic Capitalism
For [the left] there is only the state and the individual, nothing in between. No family to rely on, no friend to depend on, no community to call on. No neighbourhood to grow in, no faith to share in, no charities to work in. No-one but the Minister, nowhere but Whitehall, no such thing as society - just them, and their laws, and their rules, and their arrogance.
David Cameron, Conference Speech 2008
As far as the Catholic Church is concerned, the principal focus of her interventions in the public arena is the protection and promotion of the dignity of the person, and she is thereby consciously drawing particular attention to principles which are not negotiable...
[1.] protection of life in all its stages, from the first moment of conception until natural death; [2.] recognition and promotion of the natural structure of the family... [3.] the protection of the right of parents to educate their children.
Pope Benedict XVI, Speech to European Peoples Party, 2006
No lesson seems to be so deeply inculcated by the experience of life as that you should never trust experts. If you believe doctors, nothing is wholesome: if you believe the theologians, nothing is innocent: if you believe the soldiers, nothing is safe. They all require their strong wine diluted by a very large admixture of insipid common sense.
Lord Salisbury, Letter to Lord Lytton
What distinguishes true Conservatism from the rest, and from the Blair project, is the belief in more personal freedom and more market freedom, along with less state intervention... The true Third Way is the Holy Grail of Tory politics today - compassion and community without compulsion.
Minette Marrin, The Daily Telegraph
In England there were always two sharply opposed middle classes, the academic middle class and the commercial middle class. In the nineteenth century, the academic middle class won the battle for power and status... Then came the triumph of Margaret Thatcher... The academics lost their power and prestige and... have been gloomy ever since.
Freeman Dyson, The Scientist as Rebel
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©2007 Christopher Chantrill


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text: Health and Wellness Library Search Invest in Your Health this Month What's your healthy weight? In today's society, the media focus on celebrities and their weight, so it's hard to grasp the idea of a healthy weight. Having a large percentage of body fat, regardless of how much you weigh, is unhealthy. You could also be of normal weight or underweight and still have an unhealthy amount of body fat. Learn more » Pacifiers: pros and cons It seems everyone has an opinion about pacifiers. That's because there are both advantages and disadvantages. As you're deciding what's best for your infant, here are some possible benefits and drawbacks of pacifier use » Weather and your health We talk about the weather when we don't have much else to chat about: "Nice day, isn't it?" "Aren't you sick of this rain?" The weather has more to do with your health than you might realize. Learn more about the weather and how it affects the body by taking this quiz » Migraine headaches quiz Many households in the United States have someone who suffers from migraine headaches, according to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Do men or women get migraines more? What percentage of school-aged children experience migraines? Take this quiz to test your knowledge of migraines » Removing cataracts Perhaps the first thing you'll notice is a glare from oncoming headlights at night. Usually, a haze surrounds the lights. Then, you're likely to find reading more challenging. It's harder to see the letters, and they tend to blur together. This is what happens when you develop cataracts. When cataracts affect your ability to function, it may be time to consider surgery » Health Consumer Be A Smart Health Consumer How to Be a Wise Health Care Consumer Here are common problems you may run into as a health care consumer, with tips for wise responses.Take our advice and take charge of your health >> Choosing a Hospital You don't have time to choose a hospital if you have a health emergency. But if you're facing surgery or treatment for a particular health condition, taking time to find a hospital that meets your needs is well worth the effort. Start your evaluation here >> How to Take Part in Every Medical Decision Well-informed people who play a significant role in deciding how they're going to treat their health conditions are likely to feel better about the decision process. Make your empowered first step here >> Get the Most From Your Doctor Visits To avoid wasting valuable time, be prepared for every doctor visit, using these suggestions, plan your time with your provider and walk out knowing you have made the most of your time >> Preventive Care Guidelines Screenings and Tests to Consider Getting screening tests and vaccinations is an important part of preventive care. Find out which tests and immunizations are recommended by age group and gender. Use these guidelines when discussing a disease prevention plan with your health care provider. You may need a plan that is different, depending on your situation. Guidelines for Women Age 18-39 Age 40-49 Age 50-64 Age 65+ Guidelines for Men Age 18-39 Age 40-49 Age 50-64 Age 65+ This schedule comes from the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, unless otherwise noted. Health News from National Institutes of Health Statins and Gender Source: HealthDay - Related MedlinePlus Pages: Hormones, Statins View All Articles >>


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The conditions did not fit the result. Before a small crowd at R.F.K. Stadium a rainy night, it could not have been much better on the field for D.C.
With Major League Soccer down to its final month and the final push for the playoffs that goes with the dwindling regular season schedule, it would be understandable for D.C.
In CONCACAF Champions League play D.C. United is seeing red and that is okay.
The anger from last Wednesday's loss to the New York Red Bulls on a goal in 90th minute has subsided. United is too busy to look back anyway.
D.C. United is back where it belongs. To be sure participation in the CONCACAF Champions League makes life more complicated in Major League Soccer, but D.C.


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Updated 12/23/2013
Welcoming guests since 1833, this classic redbrick inn gives you access to the buzz of downtown. Rooms in the main building and the annex still feel like a country inn, with Early American furnishings. Newer buildings have luxury rooms and suites. The Whip Bar & Grill puts an interesting spin on comfort food, as in cheddar-cheese-and-apple-stuffed chicken, and the outdoor heated pool and hot tub is open year-round.
18 Main St., Stowe, Vermont, 05672, United States
802-253–7301; 800-253–7302
Website: www.greenmountaininn.com
Hotel Details:
Updated 12/23/2013
By klum2
Sep 9, 2012
We stayed at the Green Mountain Inn and loved the cozy breakfast area that had large windows that brought the natural sunlight in. The buffet included a nice selection of hot and cold foods. The Inn was in easy walking distance of the town and a short drive to an apple cider farm and the Von Trapp (Sound of Music) lodge. The fireplace in the room was a treat!
Mar 18, 2008
Just got back from a long weekend in Stowe. After much debate over Stoweflake or Green Mountain Inn I chose Green Mountain. I cant say that I was totally diappointed but I was not all that impressed either. Yes, it is a very old, charming inn but old is the word. We had a deluxe room with fireplace that was so small you almost walked right into the queen bed when entering. Equipped with 1980;s TV, some shabby bedspread and metal blinds that were
all bent and broken. There are very small, narrow staircases and halls in which you have to carry your own luggage and parking is a bit poor if you are arriving in the winter and have to walk with your bags to check-in. While the staff was friendly I had to give it a lower score b/c of the service. I preordered a bottle of wine to be waiting at our room for 9 o'clock, at 9:30 I called down and by 10 we still did not have it. They did comp it though. The breakfast was really good and The Whip (grill below) was average. Given the choice I think I would stay at Stoweflake(lacks the charm but a very nice hotel with a great spa) or a new place called Stowe Meadows (a boutique lodge). FYI- we went dog sledding at Eden booked through the hotel and it was a blast!
No Thanks


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This is Double Viking's personal collection of hot girls in the wild. We do not host any images of celebrities, models or magazine scans. Only 100% real girl next door types. If you would like to submit your picture do so to: webmaster[at]doubleviking.com
Time To Get Ready For Summer
Lingerie Queen
Booty Shorts Galore
Paige Brendal Looking Sexy
Swimsuits Never Looked So Good!
Sexy And I Know It
Diva With A Bangin Body
Nice Day On The Beach
Chicks Be Clubbin
Cleavage On Deck
With The Classy Sweater
Cutie With An Awesome Bod
Hott Blonde Gallery
Petite Nice Dress
Random Girls Gallery
Sexy Bunny
College Chicks Going At It!
Cute College Girls
Red Head With Some Shape
Raiderettes Have A Prep Class
Girls Making Out, On A Boat?! Even Better
Perfect Titties, With A Nice Bod!
Damn Fine, Just How We Like It
Winner of Coachella Gallery
I Can Almost See Up There, Closerr
And With The Cleavage
Sexy Body, Cute Panties = Perfection
Geeky, Yet Huge Breast for the win
Nice Titties, Let's play
Skinny Minnie Come Sit With Me


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Based in Paris, France, Djeco offers a multitude of toys designed with a delightful French flair! Frederick Michel Dales took over the family Djeco toys business in Paris in the 1990s and has since developed a spectacular line of imaginative toys including blocks, puzzles, pull toys, wooden toys, art kits, and mobiles. Djeco toys has been an Oompa favorite for years based on the stellar quality, unique designs, and high satisfaction of our customers.
Birds of Paradise Colored Sand Art Kit
The unique and beautiful set consists of 4 work cards with bird of paradise images, a special tool to reveal the glue covered areas, 12 different sand colors and an instruction booklet. Children will be delighted by their artistic creations which can be framed or used as gifts for family and friends once complete. Recommended For Kids 6 - 11 Ye...More Details →
Blue Princess Colored Sand Craft Kit
Our Blue Princess Colored Sand Craft Kit is a great way to encourage kids to get creative! Four beautifully illustrated princesses combine modern and Oriental design. We love that no glue is necessary for the sand kit. Just peel away the area you want to color to expose the sticky surface. Place the image in the box of the kit, pour the sand on,...More Details →
Collages For Little Ones Craft Kit
Create beautiful works of art with our Hello Animals Collages For Little Ones. This set contains all the supplies your little one will need to get creative. Collage-making is a great activity for kids of all ages. This set features a mouse, bear, cat, and rabbit printed on a board and lots of supplies for dressing them up! For each picture, dire...More Details →
Finger Painting Craft Kit
Introduce your budding artist to one of the great joys in life: finger painting! Our Finger Dabbing Fun Finger Painting comes complete with eight 30ml paint bottles, eight picture backgrounds to paint on, and a paint palette. Just put some paint dollops on the palette and get started with the simple instruction book! This intuitive painting styl...More Details →
Flower Maidens Stamp Set
This beautiful stamp set comes with 20 illustrated sheets and 14 elegant stamps for decorating each flower maiden. The three colored ink pads allow your little girl to experiment with patterns and colors while creating incredible art. The easy-to-follow instruction booklet provides guidance for beginner stampers. This lovely art kit was designed...More Details →
Glitter Animals Craft Kit
Four elegantly decorated pictures of an elephant, tiger, owl, and monkey wait to be decorated with the six tubes of glitter. We love this set because instead of glue, the pictures feature pull off stickers. Little ones pull the stickers off the illustrations to expose a sticky surface for the glitter. Then, section by section, different colors o...More Details →
Origami Animals
A wonderfully simple step-by-step approach to origami for young beginners. Each sheet of paper in the set is colorfully designed and features clearly marked fold lines, which children can follow to make many different animals from boars to foxes. To complete the animals, use the included stickers to add whiskers, eyes, and a touch of personality...More Details →
Origami Faces
A wonderfully simple step-by-step approach to origami for young beginners. Each sheet of paper in the set is colorfully designed and includes clearly marked fold lines, which children can follow to make many different faces of all sorts of people from around the world. To finish off the faces, there are even stickers included to add smiles, eyeg...More Details →
Princesses Stamps & Stencils Kit
Create beautiful fairytale images with our Princesses Stamps & Stencils Kit. Ten illustrated cards, three stencil sheets, 10 stamps, and ink pad are included and sure to inspire beautiful creativity! An illustrated guide helps give some direction to those who need inspiration. This craft kit was lovingly designed in Paris by Djeco. Recommen...More Details →


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4 bed, 2 full bath, 1 half bath. Beautiful 4 Bedroom Ashley in Pristine condition on a quiet street in Willow Bend! Gorgeous BackyarMore info
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on After Effects, Final Cut Pro, AVID and much more.
A blog by Premiumbeat
Posts Tagged 'Aperture'
What is the Fastest Lens Possible?
If money wasn't an issue how fast can a lens possibly be?
Apple Kills Aperture – Final Cut Pro X and Logic Safe for Now
If you're a photographer that uses Apple's Aperture photo editing application – it's time to start learning Lightroom.
Understanding Lenses: Aperture, F-Stops & T-Stops
Lens apertures may seem confusing but with a little practice you'll be an f-stop master.


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1. Preheat oven to 350 degree.
2. In a bowl, place chicken pieces, season it with salt ,and keep it aside.
3. Take a heavy bottom pot and place it on medium high heat. Pour 1 tablespoon olive oil in it.
4. Throw mushroom pieces and sauté for about 7 minutes or until the water evaporates, and the mushroom starts to brown.
5. Put leek in pot and cook for 5-7 minutes or until they soften. Insert carrot pieces, stir and cook for 2 minutes.
6. Add chicken and cook for another 7-10 minutes, stirring until they are lightly cooked on all sides.
7. Sprinkle flour and stir until flour turns beige or light brown. Add green beans, broth, and thyme. Bring it to simmer and cook for about 10 minutes or until it comes to gravy like consistency. Remove the pot from heat and set it aside.
8. In the meanwhile, take a phyllo sheet and grease it with olive oil. Place the sheet loosely over the pot. Tuck the edges underneath so that it covers the filling completely.
9. Repeat the process with the other 2 phyllo sheets.
10. Season with pepper and place the pot in oven. Bake for about 20 minutes, or until the phyllo sheets are golden brown, and the filling underneath is bubbling.
11. Serve chicken pot pie hot with thyme garnish.


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HairStyle Wars
HairStyle Wars: Janet Jackson's New Short 'Do
Janet Jackson has been keeping a low profile as of late, but she stepped out in London yesterday with a new man and a new super short crop. The junior Jackson apparently trimmed her tresses for her role in the upcoming Tyler Perry film, For Colored Girls Who Have Considered Suicide When The Rainbow Is Enuf (try saying that ten times fast). Long title, short hair. Are you digging the new 'do, or is this a serious "scissor malfunction?" [Photos: Getty Images, Splash News]
HairStyle Wars: RPattz Shaves His Mop
Adrian And Hayden Cut Their Hair: Who Looks Hotter?
HairStyle Wars: Keira Knightley Rolls Out Of Bed
HairStyle Wars: Lady Gaga Travels Casual
Lady Gaga touched down in Australia today rocking a look straight from the "Telephone" set. She greeted fans at the Sydney airport with Diet Coke cans in her hair and Chanel shades over her eyes. Logistically she must have had her hair done mid-air, as there's no way she got that 'do through airport security. Gaga is never one to shy away from outrageous outfits while flying, but is this look too much, or just her version of travel chic? [Photo: Splash News]
Jessica Alba's Sloppy Hair Hurts Our Eyes
While we appreciate Jessica Alba's attempt to uglify herself as a way to connect with the rest of us mediocre looking Americans, we were still horrified by her hair-tastrophe at the Valentine's Day premiere last night. Jessica is hot – so she should just be hot at all times. Instead she showed up looking like she had let her hair air dry by hanging her head out the window of a moving car – without any products in it. The horror! Her bangs were all up in her face, her style was flat, and her army of fly-aways will haunt us in our nightmares for years.
So what do you think – do you like Jessica's shaggy, sloppy style, or do you miss her longer, sleeker look?
HairStyle Wars: Rihanna's Goldilocks
HairStyle Wars: McPhee's Glam Makeover
"American Idol" runner-up Katharine McPhee has been rocking a modified blonde bob for almost six months now and it's starting to take its toll on her tresses. During her "Idol" days, we admired her long, silky brown locks, but now her Gwen Stefani-esque mop is beginning to look damaged and processed. What do you prefer? McPhee as an au natural brunette or glam'd up platinum blonde?
HairStyle Wars: Fergie's ChocoLocks
In the midst of Fergie and husband Josh Duhamel's cheating scandal, she's been rocking a darker 'do, most recently at a launch party for Jump Footwear in NYC. Are you digging it? Or do you prefer her lighter look?


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Newsletter, October-November 1990
Two Recent Defeats by Aaron Betsky, How Can I Miss You When You Wont' Go Away? by John Chase, Them vs Us by Ben Caffey, Jumbo Size Architecture by Alan Hess
Los Angeles Forum for Architecture and Urban Design + ++++++. \t I , , , Section PI." M,lro �� l ProJ.ct Coop -Hlmmllbl." Re nd.r'nll M.'ro �� 1 Projlct Coop-Hlmm.,bl.1I Parll Ik.tch JPGA Golf Club Roy E.lo" Hou . . Si n.. Barbu. 1182 J. p," Chlb. Pr",et"r, Morpho l'l w.lt.c. Nett How Can I Miss You When You Won't Go Away? Hig h .<1 .rc:hil'-;b .nd their ,"';tic. h.... be� il'l\ls. tn prim.ry eonsumer building., the build� 1 itself I. p.rt 01 the edl'1l<tlsement 0' Ito, "11 p.od uc:t Inside .nd � k.y pert 01 the nperienee 0' petronizing the busi ness in sl d�. When you buy � teddy beer . 1 the Be.r T. . . in Or.n lle County, lor in,lenc:e, you "iIoO buy Ito. whims y of w.'kinll inside' eonieal rooled buildi"ll nec:lSsiteting pileh<td rool � � Theotherpermi.sible .,.pLenl tion is thlt they h.ve Invenled a n.w Irehilec:tural voe.bul,,., themselYes in the m. nner 01 a mester sueh II Wright or G.hry and Itoerefore ere not indebted to pr.viOUt of the same ege. Rather , 1\ .,.pressed the lunctlon . It wll progremmed with through d ifferent Imeg...,. To the dlllree thlt both lhe pe riod re"i"al and Ito. modernist hou .. w.,e ' limed the Mme way. or wllmec! by the .. me he.ting.ystem. Itoey lie equ.lI, modern . Period revival architeets w.re abt.lo make the .,.st their o wn wi\tloul uc:riflc:lng the fu ne � tion l l iniegrity 01 thei r bu ildings . Nearly all the form. I nd the . ymboli sm th. t they em plo yed wer. no I pproprial. or anee hrooi.tie todey thIn they were 50 y.ers -ao. In hi. motIOIJraph on the South..... Ce lifomi. reviv.tlst WetlKe Neff. Alsen Cllrk quo tlS Aymer Embury It � � d istinguis hed Ee sl Co.ast erehltec:t a nd author writinll In th. 1920 �. Embury pr.lsed erehllec:ts 01 the time bKeuse he believed they w... bec:oming more edepl al lId.pti"ll lTeditionll .lements to mod..., uses. Motto.. well-known Eesl Co.ast period re1fiv., a.ehitecl, Wimam Ad.ms Delano. prelerred to th ink 01 .11 0' his wort< , how..... r nawored by this or thll styl. , .. mod.,n, beeauM II WII delillned 10 suit c:onlempore,., ne..:I. Ind Ie.le. Simll.rIy , N. ff ehose to eell his work 'Celifomien"lo ernphelil. the primec:y 01 the ti~ Themvs Us On Augusl 4 . a sympos,um called 'Welcome to the MoI!en,um: Arch'lecture Slrti<,e$ Baclo ' was held on eonJUflCl1On ""th the Coop Horvne~.u Embol>on al the RocnIord Kuhlens<;hmldt Galie<y BdwId a table on. r..sed dais set up ," the gallery's parking 101. lour afc:hotects (Thorn Maine. MIChael Rotond,. ErIC Moss.rod Wolf p,,~). two cnlO<:S (Aaroo Betsky and leon Wh,leson) and moderator Chnst,an rlubert addressed a crowd of over. huodfed people. Hubert '"<t.ally altempted to org..,Ole the doSCUSSlOn ""th � $enes ot quesl>ons relat.ng 10 .rchledUfe.iS Ifl. Ihot notw ,ntotrn.toon.' slyle (aka deconstruc:lmsm). the .rch,te<:~ur.' cl.mate ,n Southem Cahtorroa and the retallOnshIP of the arcMectyre ot Coop H,mmelblau to lhe los AngO!les context. The assembled .rchrtects. who have been worIung the e,rc:uol logelhe' tor m..,y $eISO!"lS , $UmlnlOriIy IQno<ed Ihrs p<Dgram Eric 1.4055 began by recounbng his appreoabon !of the wa<y Coop Hommelbtau "",.. ted lhe .. des.gns: In IOeO-motorsketch, whoch ,s made ""In Ihe e)'otS closed, sets the cooceplual slrategy l(lf the devel� opment of lhe p<a,ect. (He SpecIOUSly asserted that the source of the p<O]l'Ct 's lhereto�! nor\-.,.,sual) Thorn Mayne conlrasted thos approectl ..,th tnat ot hlslim!. Morphosos, which he said looks toCOfVl�l ..,th � do.ee1 pnm.we end pragmetc ~sponsO! 10 edueve I $OIu11On for a partocular prqec:I. com. tofiuted on ....k'ng.rt Qulof .rchilec lu �� th,t th. y h,v, ' orllonen how compleJ I disci pline ' rchi tectu �� �" lIy is. Th,ir di sc:us� preeedeni. Wh ileltols premiM is th_eli(:Itty liberating to the e<tlsl in his .oIe I I unfettered creetor. il does have the preelieal disedvan lege 0' erealinll environm.ntll eh _ and putti "ll many archileets In OWer thei r heeds . Not only do they h.ve to I. ern to s pea k a enl lengu-ae , but they h. n 10 In w the rule. by which it is spoIo;en . The sympos .... m dogfessed from broad assertlOf\$ atloul the art,st ,n socoety - who ereates selltshly yet who$e worl< has the power to ,nSlruct the massesto lhe odea lhat perhaps Ihe work wdl make sense to a future. more enbghlened puI)Ioc. sn.ped .nd finished lik' I giln t Ir. . lrunk. Beeluse 0' the specillc:ity 01 its Im'lIIry .nd forms. Ii r.1 orde r consumer erchitKlure hu the e.p.c:ity to represent. sher, I nd eommunic.el. common e ultu,al vl lues. Just I I I prine;pel ' unc:tion of a wesl..n novel eauld be to er. .l �� romenUe sense ol.seepe, the principelfunetion of. eonsumer�or!en led build ing such u . shoppj"ll center could .Iso be . motiv. or noslelllie In lis .ppeel. If enler� tllnmenl Is I le\Iitimlt. 'unc:tIon of arc:hilec:� ture. then the use oIlarm � � d.teils or I)Ittem, of eomposltion e...old"lllnolh.. ti~ . ion pile ��� hig h Vllu. on Ih' j"nov.lion of new vocabula,i. , ,nd on I b, I. . .. t form.1 qUIOl iti ��. Arch lteeru. aI eognoseenti focus their I... � tt. nlion n� � ,owl, on high . rt work. Othe. Mgmenl. 01 building Pfoduc:tion thtol employ .r. 1TIOf. populi, t and eommonly und .... tood YOubul.,I� � , such 81 period revlv, l.rchitectu.e, illflO(ed . Post modernist I rch itec:ts h.ve encountered slmillr diffic:ullies. Their tllk Is d iffer.nt. They must lind I way of di.torting , perodyi"ll or olh.rw l�� Ironle.lly d lstl nclnll themselves lrom the lIenre they heve Hlec:ted. The parody o tt... h.. the effeet 0' meklng theit work brittle , sllIy.nd IKking in eomm llment. Thu. 1t was lnrtlteble Itoal period �� wlvel I rchl� teeture . wilto ils clearly delined Inltie l preml ..., he. begun to apopell more tike a viable option a nd tess lik. a e09"out. And , .tt. . .11, period revivel .rc:hllec:ture he. The quest"", of relalong Iter .. chotectu~ to los Angeles re<:erved only IWSong mentIOn from the ~ members The conseoSys'mong Ihe .rc... � teets seemed 10 be lhat thete '5 a great freedom to work'ng on los Angeles, bul by ",rtllf! of.ts lack of ,mpoS<1'on ralher than by any dLfecl ,n5p1rabOfl Th,s see"" � I,ttle d'S<IIQenoous In the end. the artho� leelS ~ to eollec:trvely dosmossl.A. as a banal ugly plec:e _th no onlMSOC v;lIue Wolf P". 's commerlls were bolh the ffIO$llroubiing and lhe ffIO$l lhoughl provok'ng. Dlsclos,ng h,s lack of love ior the tradltronal European efty. and VoeM8 '" perto<:ulat, he stated thll Vief>ne; Ind Los Angeles were more ahke Ihandllfer8fl1 to hom In both at.es the well-heeled lew p<e5Cfobe ..mo wiI buill whal snd, ., the end, both O\leS $Ulfer trom a deed, conse .... atrve poont 01 ",""W thaI st,lIes oncf......duat expressIOn. He slated that the oft asked quest"", of whether the" worl< could reme,n the same ,n Los An9l!Ies where il would not stand in d,a~tlC tension W"th the clasSICal bu,Id'ngs of the Ira(l<toonal c,ty was 'rrelevanl. The ompI bon was thaI Coop H.... me!bIIu�s,.,.grl< transcends the tyrar\r"I)' of context and stands alone. whateve, the settong h COflsbMes a new 00"de< thaI mal<.O!s no bridge to olher I,mes 0< pornls of voew Coop H.mmelbtau's besl known pro]f!ds have eilher been embedded ,n lhe Irad ,bonal c,ty 00" haw! taken the form of freestand<ng structures In the forst cese, the traditoonel c:rty asserts ,Is own her� melo<: retoonaIISm end '5 re$obefll to the ontruSlOn of Ihe.. ontu,tntely-bised areh,te<:ture 1"heu- free� stendong prorecls take advantege of � sam,l,n free00m where lhe e.\j)ressoon of forces r$ unfetlered by any bound'ng obstructoon The" projeCt lor Melrose Avenllf! ,S, the<elore, of partoc:ular .,Ierest on thaI neother the c1anty of the !rad<t<onal e,ty no< Ihe freedom of the dear Slle 0$ po-CMded The clasSICal oty p<~ .., automabc ground'ng fOf lhe,.,.grl<, no InIOller what ,Is ",tent"",. SImply because of rls conSistency, clarity, and ability to hold rls own. Melrose and the pla,ns of Los Aogeles ere a protean half�formed woOd. The s,te demands that a new ,.,.grI< be Judged III reialoor> to the sland il takes ""th regard to the patlaally-fonned .nd confloctong tendenetes tnalsp'" aIound rt By eweanng 1 take no parbCular inlefest '" the 0 unoque urbarosm 01 los Angeles, tht$ prqecl nSk$ Ihal ,I moght also cont.ibute noth'ng, however wellcr.ftedand engag'ng ,t may be on ~sown. S,m llarly. the fa"ure of the sympoStum 10 address thIS same i5sue p<oduc:ed an empty doscussoon thai had little to contnbule 10 the c:rty ,I was hetd ., I(N CAffEY But ...ell � focu s beg. thto prim.ry ni.Ienti.t Question. w. h,vI 10 .... our,..'....". How do those 01 uS ineuleat..:! in .rehitKtur.1 e ullure e __ isl wilto. world whlc:h I.rllely ignore. the v"ues.nd rules 01 hillh .rt erch ltec:lu,.? Wh.t I. Ihe r"'tionshi p 01 mo.t people to Ihe .elu.1 built .nvi ronment? How do Ihe buildings th., w. _from lhe freew.y, Itoe dev.'ope, hou.� inll . the bI.nk�IKed SpeCul. tive offiee build� 1'1\11 .nd the shOPPi"ll m.lts g.1 designed? 1 How do th.y .ffecl the Qu.lity 01 ou' l.....s7 These .re the ilsuu th.1 .rchitects .nd the medl ��!lke Ihould put their mind. to. A,ehllec:lure, by its very n.tur. , i� � witeh '. brew , .n In lersec:tion of m.ny d iffer'nt diKipllne. r.nging f,om soc:loIogy to .rt to eity plann l"ll to e"llineering . Ginn such. broad renll' 01 Influenees .nd eoneern., It il onl, n. turel to essume Ito.t the bolk 01 buildinll proch.etion could belong to some clu.llleat;.o., 01 'rchllKl ure based on se .... ing � � m.ller subset 01 one or more 01 these needs. S lmil.rIy, not .11 wort<. oIarehitec:lure .ddress th,'ull r,nile o l 'rehiIKtur.' eone.,n � . Some bolfd inll' may indeed be 'boul rev'.'i"ll the m �� n. 01 th eir conltruction .nd other�� bout Ihe muterly h.ndlinll of IllIhl .nd aoec �. Som. m.y be .bout the beautiful orn.m.nletion 01 � slmpl.....ies 01 s p.ec:es. oth..s m.y be.bout l"IIenlous methods of pr.,.brleetion. Just as bolto the essey .nd Itoe d.tec:tiv. /10'1l1li er. legitim.1e !iler.ry 'orms . 10 does erehitec:ture .11ow lor both the hillh ert bulfdlnll .nd more popul l.1 WOi'k wilto. wld.r .ud i.nc:, . In I or plee. is q uil �� pprOpriat� . 1f s.uc:h rec:ell i�� n ��sen� tiel Plrt of both fine . nd pOpUlI.1 works 01 literetur" th.n it liso hIS. plK' in wort<. 01 lIehilec:lure Intended 10 be slmlllrly .woe.� live . The .uee.ss of a projec:t In hitti"ll this pertleuler terg.t, the coherency Ind Ippropri � al_ss 01 its three-d imenslonlf mllenal reefIlation . OUIJht 10 be 1M princ:i9a1 e.iteril by which it Is velued . and nol by Its eon formanee to e urr.nUy eeeepted rule. of eonlampora,., high . rt arc:hilec:ture . loee' arch iteel. hne become so eonlused l bout who thei �� udienc:e Is th.t the prime whlppjnll boy .1 a reeent Southern Celilomia Irchitec;tureisympos;um was none other than Princ:. Ch.rI... P.nelists Mieeled the Prinee III n."... eompletely d ied. It merely rWHtM from the fronl Ii.... 01 Itchiteelure' e uttull proper but lived on in the worlds 01 popul. t erehilee � and plee. 01 hi. building. ' eon- .truc:tIon OVflf tn. lime anet plec:. of th.ir styli.tie orig Ins. In leet. Neft was unhef)9ie.1 wh. n loreed to eopy, as waslhe eIIM wllto the Villa Sot d 'Oro In S ie rra Nadre. The elienl required N.ff to modelltoe hou .. In pert .tt.. I buitdi"ll I ttributed to Miehelenoget.o, the Villa Collel l nelr Aorenc:e. As the ereh ne. . . nd brittleness 01 post� mod � lure .nd Inl.nor desllln. Ther. were ...en erehilec:ls sueh as Ke.per Ehrn<;k��nd J.me. Dot, n. who eontin ued to preetiee It during the 50s. 80s end 70s In Southern Cl lilornie. Ther.for � � 1\ doesn't completel, qUlliry for � mlrlCulou. cornebeck from the d." , dHpite the new surlJl 01 interesl In the subjec:t. The sltual;.o., brings to mind the mu slUI question th.t Dan Hleks and hi. Hoillek. alked In the l i rOs-' How c.n INiss You When You Won 'l t Go Aw.y1� FIr lrom being the e09'flsts thai conventiona' wisdom otten ...umes them to be , period r.mll .rehltec:ts ollen brOUlJht en inlormed sen.ibltity to their sourc. mll..ill, tr.n.'orm � inll II .nd making it th.l. own . Eec:h desig,"" lett an Individu.' .tlmp on hi. work, ju.t IS eec:h ... revives the I.nguege 01 the put in ils own w.y . As David Gebherd wrot. ln his booII In both eases, the odea of gelt.rlg beyond p<escnptove rules 10 a deeper, more ",Ial solubon was revealed. Unlortunaleiy, after this oIMous po<nl was mede, an ' us versus \hem-theme was eSlab.shed tnat pre-empted � mo<e onte<esbng d,scus� soon 01 how each archrtect QOe$ eborA hrs on(JMdu;at search lot form It would appear lhat Ihe work of I-4orphos,s and Coop H,mmelblau are doametnt.,1y opposed. Coop H,mmelbtau Sl!f!ms to take the <ntult,veiy dehned skelch .s Ihe poont of departure to< the creatIOn of a set 01 rules thai gUIde the deweIopment of the desogn. Thew lines 01 force f!$~ bolh a parti end an.mage whoc:h IS subsequenlty aafted ,"10 the f,,,... worl< . Chaos" IrOlen and govenorder In fact. ii " thts subsequent ra\lonll deo<elopment of e. qUls� 'Iely crafted detail'ng whICh frnally g"es the woO< ,ts a vill.in because 01 hi. "woc:ec:y of Iredi � . rn Irony .nd the . nti�soc:l.1 . bstrKtion lor . bslrl(:tion �s sek. 0' dec:on w. .r thin, raviv.l� Ism eonlin ..... to off.. OJ)9Ortuni!les to wort< with in an egreed upon erchitecturl t vocebulery by ",tendi"ll .nd rllint...,..e U"II thet Iredition rether then by mocking it. Nosl importently. 1\ ean ct.ete bu ildings whose desitn Inlent ean be eleerly under.tood and . pprec:lIMrough ew.luation of regionelilt period rem .. lional Irehilec:tur" voelbullrie'. Th . invoea� 1;.0., of the n.me 01 a m.mber 0' Europe's titled Iris toerec:y .lIowed th. m to ehlreelerize (end eandemn) anyona questioning the soc:ifli re!evaneyol.soteric: erchilec;turll eon..... tion. II_rei" by an inlllnaUled arehitec:tural cui� lura . ll anythlng , AunlNarttoaOflha manonth. slr. .t I. probably mora lik.ly to sympathll e with Prlnee Chlrles th.n the Irehllec:ts on the Pinel who were the reel elitist � . (See a<tlcle. ' Them vs U.� in Itois Issue.) Th. Im"ll"" 01 the Americ;", ~ in the tw.ntieth eentury hIS uSU.lly hed s.ome Ir"itlonlll.lture., ewen whe n these w.,e mingled wllh modern lorms, sueh as the Wl90n wh. .1 and spill fill fence In Ironl oIl mobit. h-ome. 8eeWIr Clea...... '. tile and limes would not .... v. pIe,.cI well ega;nst a beckdrop 0' eorner win � dow. end open web-.leeI \russes . For most modernist arc:hitects. howiIYer, 11 hIS nol been enough to muter a sel ollorms or a . yst.m 01 eomposition. II any . y.t.m of lamil � lar .e'...ne.s is � .,.,.renl in their lIeh ileeture . there .r. only two permisslbl. e.r.ple n.tion � � One II that the relerenees Ir. not intention.1 end er�� b,product o l ..tisf'yi"ll s.ome other eonslderation , suc:h as e he"", -. ated by the pubtle . The 11m. has eome lor. ....,. The work of Morphos<s, on the contrary. Sl!f!ms grounded ... a lond of eonsoous encoon\el ""th the srte end context If rI even c:omes 10 ~SembIe the work 01 Coop Himmelbleu il '5 becIuse ~ is deve-Ioped beyond the prt!scopt""" of h" toncafly den'<ed form or typologoes. Yel to look " the sweep 01 their work '5 10 note, Iond of cootrourng disas5efllbty of the typology of the Ired,t-.l oty and ,15 <eIOCOI"pOf.bon ,"10 work thaI 0$ ' prlnIr!rte end preg. mato<:" In thIS sense , there IS eno4her level of tet\SlOn on the Morphosis work - typoIogocel antec:edenls ..... "~enl bul not dorrMnenl. LA. In the lOs, the typic:el d'9<"ession ..a Southern C.lilomla period reviv.1 hou..s hed high ly wort<able IIoor plan. that .!lowed lor .ISY K ees. to the ouldoofl , c:onvenient ac ' commodltion 'or th �� utomoblle and alo!l lul clrcul.tion Pltt.,n. In this ...... , the modflfnI.t hou.. of the t9lOs WIS not nec:e.H, ijy more func:tionlt then the period .evive! house we. mod.m eonsumerist soc:lety m.ny build� i"ll' h.v �� prim.ry or second.,., fu nc:tion as eonsumerisl �� ehitectv �� . Their rel.tionship 10 eonsum..s becom.. _ of the prim.ry determin.nts of lorm . In sec:ond l ry building. the "slh,lic .pope.' 0' the bulldlnlllS P3rt 01 the ow.r.ll lm'II' th.t Ito. building I. offerinll lor Ito. I.n.nl, suc:h as eorpar.t. offic. build� snow !oed UIt,mately, these aIchrte<:ts have allc~aled engag. 'ng.nd cralled works thaI communoce\e the" Ideas II9IIressM!1y Ooe would tIIl'fI hoped lllat the critICS .ttempt speofo<: analysis Of QUfliloonng of the worl< leon Whlteson look the erch leets 10 tasIo. lot the" _ tomes awl<ward Ittempts .t e.llpblOfWlQ \heir work, but attempted none hlmsetf Aaron Belsky rllSed rmportanl issues f89IIrd'ng the work '" the con text of los Angeles. but l198,n dod not spec,f,c.'1y address the aIchrtects' p<oducbon. Membership in Ihe Forum is open to a ny Intere Sled Individual. The an nu al lee entities m e mbersto free admission to For um Events , 10 recelw e lhe bl_ m o nlhly newsletter, and 10 purchaseol h er Forum publica tion$ al redu ced reles , Members are encou rag ed 10 participate In pl , nn l ng Forum activities. Please c h eck the Two Recent Defeats Two rKen t e vents have brought political reo The other e vent was more parochia l in n.ture. The FOI'um had intende d to ho ld a d iscussion On the future of the Ambassador Hotel site this presence of an innet city high school is not exaclly goi ng to r aise til e value of Iheir p.op� erties. The Forum lelt that 'his situation was tailor, made fOl' a di scussi on about the way in which physical issues � Ihe size o f the site, Ihe density of the surroundinllarea. the appropri� ateness of certain bu ilding types � were inter� twined wilh difficult social and economic choices . The various proposals have physical impacts, and a reading of the models and plan s could allow us 10 understand Ihe under� lying issues in greater deplh. We h ad hoped 10 put such an understandinll to llood use by sponso. ing an idu s competition for the si le after the evenl . involved to a~oid our gathe. inll. She effectively killed Ihe event. The Trump Organization p.e� fers to enllage in back'roo m politi cs and heavy lobbying . Perhaps they are air aid that their plans wi ll not stand up in the li ght of day. tioning of a city bureaucr acy Or the mUimiza� lion of the p.olits of a development. Members' Notes Trump's Ie""alhan has swallowed the Forum and sp,t ,t out The lall Forum S\lrres City Design LA was sche<luled to have ItS fourth and clrmactlC Imal evenl on the s,te of the Ambassador Hotet unto! Trump's organ'lat,on pulled out therr local rep re� appropriate alilies home to us. The lirst was the recent category below II lorced resign ation 01 Merry NOI'ris from her Inlerested, Plea se position makec ll ecks Commission. NOI'ris has been in strumental in payabl e loth e Lo s turni ng Ihal body into an activist agenc y with a Ang eles Forum lor p.ofound influence on the physk;al develop� Architectu re . mant o f the city. City age ncies and developers lIS lall. This sile is owned by a consortium of investors led by Ihe noto.ious Trump Organi� Pfesident of tile Cultu. al Affairs zalion in New York . This group would like to erecl a giant office . reta il and res idential com pie. on the site, including the world's tallest building. The los Angeles Unilied School Board has other plans . Because of the severe were no longer able to impose their struclures shortage 01 classroom spece, they ha ve can� on los Anlleles w ith no regard fOl' their impact In the case of the AmbessadOl' Hotel sile e venl , Our alte mptto e ~am;ne sentat"e and refused to lei the" archotect Scott Johnson (who had already agreed 10 speak) part,c,� pate They cla,m to be ,n the midd le 01 negot lahons and don' t realty haVf! a proposal yel The local school board , the s.te 's nerghbors. arch,tect Richard Keating and ~anner the vafious plans and ideas was labeled "premalure. " though it was In both cases, the .oot 0' the problem is the Marty Berko had also ag,eed obvious Irom view in g some of Ihe models commissioned by Trump th at the physical is� sues were already crystal�clear: how could one integrate either of Ihe two developments in the li ' e of the community. and how would such building s tran sform Ihe r>eighborhood7 One doe s not need a l inal plan 10 figure ou t what the issues are, but one also doesn ' t need a wealherman 10 know which wa y the w in d blows. 10 be part 01 the proceedings. We wi ll try again ,n clarityofarchi l ecl ure. When something is built . you can't hide it. A building is inlentions, val� ues an d economic power made flesh. A close scrutiny the sprrng. (See Aa.on Betsky's art,cie ' Two feats' also In th iS ,ssue.) De- After a s,x month h,atus, Adele Santos 1S aga,n wor~,ng WIth the CRA on the Hollywood Case Study 0' an arch itec tural object can reveal Pro)8Cl. Adele 's part Irme at UC San Drego begrnn'ng In October and lull t,me from 1991. and ,s rumored 10 beslart,n9 a Wesl Coast jrrm. Shewl li be laking apphcabons for tcachrng pos,bons start� rng th,s Oclober lo.can O' Herlihy '$ I am ,ntere sted ,n tile lolJow' ng aCI,vil,es: on the community, their appearance Or tlleir vinced the slate to let them acquire the si te for a major new high SChool Loca l property own� humanity. Forfour years Norris fought with Ihe ers . led by the Wilsh ire Stakehotde's group powers�thal�be to make them accountable to and local developet W.yne some standards o f afchitKlural merit � and to uncomfortable wilh both ptans : with the lirst, all the 5()I;ial and aeslhetic standard s that beca u se it is so large , Ih, second because the are hitKlural judgements im ply . Finally , she R ~ tkovitch, mucll aboul the Ilidden agend as and power relationships of the various players in the de� ~ elopmenl ::J ::::J ~ publication s pl an n ing and development lund raising lect ure s and di scussio n s readlnggroups / researcll socia l evenls For more ,n lormanon contact: Th e F orum at 213 4131198 M e mb ership categories tak,ng on She ila Klein' s o o o poMron at Ot,s as ass,stanl dean. Lou Naidorff '5 of the city. In Ihe c~se of M.IffY the new Dean al Wood bury Joon Kaliski rs lak'ng 3 Sc,�Ate students and F.ank Gehry 10 Germany to are Norris, Iler aggressive campa ign to scru tin ize projects bu ilt on Of abo ... e city land has caused redes'gn the gr eenbelt around Frankfurt. Call1SCo wrl l be John Cha se w,1I be teach,ng at USC and Viclor ia at Sc,� Arc When we contacted Barbara Ress of the Tru mp O.ganiza tion. however, she nolonly relused 10 much pain and aggravation 10 departmen t heads and developers used to getting their way withoul public scrutiny. The changes proposed by the Commission with the help o f the Mayor 's Design Advisory Board ha.e o ften had tile result of integrating city buildinlls Nicolas Siern , the son 0 1 Robert Ste.n. '5 W01k'ng for Orsney Imag1neerrn9 Jean Gath and Dick Law haVf! left SWA to JOtn Mic hael Pitta s on form,ng a frrm, Pat Dawe ,s lea. 'ng A.C. Mart,n, $35 $50 Draltsperson Assoc iaTe P"nc 'pa l Client H ,Roark D. Trump had just made too many enemies, and, as she cooperate, bul told me in no uncertain lerms hersell admits, her politically useM life was that she did not want the event to occur. She over. Unfortunately. Br eclley' s rKent appoint� 1000bade her partners and the architect for the men l s to the C<:rmmission, wh ic h include Peler site (Scott Johnson of Johnson Fa in and Pereira) Ueberroth 's former assistan t and the eleva' $too $500 $1000 $5000 wn,1e our own ed,lor , Natalie Shivers , 10 Paramount PICtures has moved Amy Alper and luis Hoyos are/or ha ... e plan s to move Into Sch,ndler's Sach's Apartments In S,I.er� lake, a .e"lable warren of architects, Nama Yasmine Ma hmoudieh ,s return'ng to Europe 10 pertic ipate and vowed 10 pressure all those Addreu tion of p.r, flack David Simon 10 Ihe Presi� better into the surroundinll community and o f making them more usefu l to neighbors' re sults mod�October and would hke 10 su b�let her Ve nICe offICe. (great locallOll, cJose to beach, etc) Opllon to ta ke OVer e.. st'ngc lrent list l100$f (shared� w/ fll< . confe<ence room, etc .). Rent $700 � $775/ mo 2133965765 1350 Abbott Kmney Blvd. Taiep hon e La. "'ng aleo Fo,um lor "'rchltacl u' a li nd U,,;un D' .'gn 21ft Sunset Boul ... rd dency, do nol bode well for any kind o f archi � Ihal have nothing to dO wilh the smooth func � tKlural activism Irom the Commission , ."" los AnO " ' �� C.lllorni. 100 21 Ca lenda r Forum Ewen ts City Design LA Cenlral City West B. � �� ,,' H'I " S,' I" l'l ', ', ',,,' , .. ,' 2 .,' S� o ", A' Symposrum on Los Angeles Architecture Panel d<scussoon lea!llMg Kenneth Frampton. David Gebhardt. Mict.ael Sor1<in, Frank Gehry and Aaron Belsky lecture by Anthony Vidler UClA, 110'2 Pf!t1011 Novemt>er 29, 8 p,m, Lecture by Robert Irwin SCI�ARC Main Space, -Piranesi Prints Irom the Hr,lOlington Collection" The Hoot.ngtoo Garden LJbrary. An "The Sociel~ Responsive Environment, USA I USSR, 1980-1 990" Murray Feldman "American Arts and Crafts: Virtue in Design' LACMA Contrnurng through """"""" -Eric Orr" Gallery, POe No.ember1� Decembere "Chieeno All: Resistance and Affirrnetion: 1965 � SM"""'" for (213) 829�34B:l ..,fOfmatoon DATE TBA and Botancal Gardens, San Marino Contrnvtng \lvough October 28 """"" 6 "The Independent Group: Postwar Britain and the Aesthetics Plenty" MOCAaT the Temporary 'ntemaliOtl8I Folk Art Market Vete.ans� Memonal Auditonum , Culver Oty (213) 937�5544 for II'llonnatoon October 14, lOam. 4 pm. "A Cajun Extravaganza" Featumg M>chaeI Brech.a . World Music Acoustical world mu sic Quartet ~Bar~, ,,~ BodyTjak Body muSIC Octoller '27. 8;30 p.m. Wadsworth """. Iflterwoven WIth BalInese 'Monkey Thearer, Intemational Festival � . . "" UCLA Nr;wref'lber 17,8pm ,,, .. Universal City: I e J " '" C ,> T" , . " () ,,, .. All Forum Eve n ts lake place at 7:30 om Lectures/ Eve nl$ Lecture by Laurie H.wkinson Pr.-Iopal, Sm lth�M,lIer + Hil'Mooson, NYC SCI�ARC Marn Space. Symposrum on Aaya Vista Panel diSCIJssoon lutunng Andres Cuany, Dougln Ga rdner. Rieerdo L.egorreta, Laurie Olin, StepMnos PoIy:roicles and Bun Yudell UCLA, Fowle< Aud~onum --, II'llormatoon Coope �� Ht'Wln MU5eUm, New yO<!< (212) 860-6898 lor 0' Hancocl< Coonty Pati< , L~_ "',.,,, Exhibits W OI1<s Ganery, Long ''''. Woght Contrnurng through October '28 "Robert Rauscnenber9" Recent parntrngs Scott Hansen Gallery. ."". "Jim Dine: Rec:enl An Gallery, UClA Con\lnulng tIvough Oecember9 ""',""""'" Dfvef$lon s Doucet and Cajun band Beauso4cil Wadsworth Theater , UCLA October 14,7 p.m (213) 937�5544 for ",fOfmatoon Octoller '28, 1 1 a.m. "Raiees Musicales' Musrc: of Meroco and the H<5p<lO>C Southwest Wadsworth Theater , UCLA Novembe' 2. 8 p.m. "A Gathering of Friends' Porl~by ""..... Be..erty Branford Marllliis Royce Hall, UCLA No.ember 30, e p.m Cootll'lUlng through January 13 Blum Helman GalIety, Santa Monca Conltnurng through October 13 "Irving Penn: Photographs" Faheyll<lell'l Gallery , Los Angeles Contrnurng througll October 13 "Edward Ruscha" MOCA al Calilomra Oecember9 � Fe!lruary 24 "Tables & Jewelry" Gallery 01 Functronal An, Santa Monrca Conbl"lJll'lQ ttvough Oecembef 15 "Pereeptu.1 InYHtigation� WorI<s Irom the perrnarre!1t Oea~ SM" ""'" Cont,n"ng through October 30 """ Chandler PaWion , (213) 850-20'20 lor \Jckets "Donald JuOd"; "Robert Mangold"; "Sol LewitI" No.emt>er 7. a p.m. ""'"" "'"""y Contemporary Art. Cont......ng tlYough October 30 "Ita~an ~i sMnc e """""" "'-'"' Turtle Island Smng """'_bOo los Angeles F'tIilharmonie 1990/ 199t5eHon Music Cenler Dorothy -.. .,., Coot"""'ng "Phantom of the Hot Springs Sybanbc splendor 3Ce N O. ford Avenue , Los Angeles (2 13) 734 -7000 for rnlonnato:lfl ContLf1U1"9 H you know about !e<:tures, events. e"M,.ts, etc . that others shoukf know aboot, contact 1925 silent Ii"" WIth live muSIC and ellects on the Slumer Royce HaIl, lIO..A MlI'lr-organ concert: 6:30p.m. Screenong: 8:00 p, m. October 18 "Music from the -." m~ , Randall Cloud: (2 13)933-283 1 SM" """" October IO.8p.m. Lecture by Peter Waldmen Lecture by e .... Hickey C""" curator, eOltor , teadle'. purnalist. ""'iter of frctoon and ."., "',. "Whet Is Legitimate Irn;tallatron by Jady Zellen ~Baroque """ ""'"" Royce Hall, UCLA October 12, 8p.m. W.... Zooi & The EnmbIe Restr.int collection wrth light and F'nno?aI, Waldman & Genik, Hooston SCI�ARC Maln Space, Santa Monca Novembe,1 4,8p.m, Lecture by Harry Wolf UCLA, 110'2 Pf!t1otl No.embe, 15, 8p.m, SCI�ARC Marn Space, Santa Mo..uca October 17.8 p.m, Leclure by Julie Ei�l<1berg.".;l IiIInk Koning Upstalf5 Ga/lery, Venrce Contrnurng through October '27 Drawings" 15t1l and 16th cent"')' dra""ngs by Mantega, del Sartoda, Da Vrno, CorreggIO, and T<ban ""'" "Coenties Slip" Featurrng work by Kel~, Indiana. Martin and Rosenquist Richard Green Gamely, Santa Mornc.a Conlrnurng through October '27 The J. Paul Getty Museum, Ma~bu Contiioulng Ihrough No.ember II "Plrul Strand: P.apIe and Place" MOCAat the T.",...., Contemporary ContirUng ttvough December 30 "North Alrican rhythms , cool jazz "RebeccIr Hom " MOCA at CaI~omra Continuing ttvco.ogh January 6 - , Ko<w>g """ ,,.. ,_ motifs, a"2Otll century dassrcaI aesthebc and a passionate , relentless pertormar.:e ~Baroque, lNe per10fmance of muSIC from "61ac1e Runner' ""th fi m drps and other rT\OIIIf! musrc: Royce HaIl,lIO..A October 20, e p.m. Grupo Corpo Dence CompenW ~ 's premrere ....... Geofge st-ring. Joe Wilt;.ms & Joe Pass Royce Hal, UCLA November 4, 7 p.m . "Hope of the Heart " A pre-CMI Waf drama adapted from the wrlfjngs 01 Robert Penn Warren Mati< Taper Forum , (7 13) 972�7337 lor tickets "" """", 2798 S u n set Blvd. Los An ge l es C. lilornl. 90026 """"Royce Cooton<Jing through November 11 z , o o H~ , lIO..A Er.tenberg ArcMeclure UCLA, 1 10'2 PetIoli Hall October 18,8 p.m, October 13, 8:30 p, m. The J . Paul Getty MU5eUm, Maiibu Conbnuong through Nr;wrember 25 October 26 . '27, ep,m . � � � � E � > z o > � � o " o , Los Angeles Forum for Architecture and Urban Design


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AES Journal Forum
Balancing Salience and Unobtrusiveness in Auditory Monitoring of Evolutionary Optimization
Sonification, which is the conversion of physical data (temperature, network traffic, or an electrocardiogram) into sound, is very suitable for augmenting task monitoring. The challenge to the sound designer is to create a monitoring display that maximizes the conveyed information while at the same time remaining unobtrusive. In this article an auditory augmentation approach was developed for monitoring evolutionary optimization algorithms. In order to augment short interaction sounds effectively with the information about the high-dimensional search space, a sonification method known as data sonograms was applied. Various mappings of data to sound features have been investigated, where the delay of the signal has been shown to be an interesting parameter that plays a role in both unobtrusiveness and information conveyed.
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2 couples press for federal ruling
Expedite suit, end state's same-sex union ban, court urged
Posted: July 17, 2014 at 3:54 a.m.
Two months after a state-court judge invalidated Arkansas' same-sex marriage ban, two same-sex couples asked a federal judge in Little Rock to issue a similar ruling in their pending federal lawsuit.
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