text:
Disclosed is a power supply with a control circuit comprising a capacitively coupled bridge circuit (10) for using a low-voltage circuit to operate a high-voltage circuit. The invention maintains isolation between the high-and low voltage sections by using a capacitor (20).
1. A power supply with an integral control circuit comprising:
a low voltage section for providing a control signal;
a high voltage section having an output for powering a load; and
a bridge section capacitively coupling the low voltage section to the high voltage section, the bridge section adapted to operate the high voltage section in response to a signal from the low voltage section.
2. A power supply according to
3. A power supply according to
4. A power supply according to
5. A power supply according to
6. A power supply according to
7. A power supply according to
8. A power supply according to
9. A power supply with an integral control circuit, comprising:
a low voltage section for providing a control signal:
a high voltage section having an output for powering a load:
a bridge section capacitively coupling the low voltage section to the high voltage section, the bridge section adapted to operate the high voltage section in response to a signal from the low voltage section;
a first transistor having its base and emitter terminals coupled with the high voltage section for supplying power to the load, and its gate operably coupled to the bridge section;
the bridge section further comprising an isolation capacitor having one terminal coupled to the low voltage section output;
a forward-biased diode and first and second reverse-biased diodes coupled to the opposing terminal of the isolation capacitor;
a resistor and capacitor (RC) pair coupled in parallel with the forward-biased diode and the first reverse-biased diode; and
an NMOSFET having its gate terminal coupled with the RC and first reverse-biased diode, and its source terminal coupled with the RC pair, forward-biased diode and gate of the first transistor, and its drain terminal coupled with the second reverse-biased diode and base of the first transistor.
10. The power supply of
11. The power supply of
12. The power supply of
This application is a divisional application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/976,700 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,657,274, entitled "APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING A HIGH VOLTAGE CIRCUIT USING A LOW VOLTAGE CIRCUIT" and filed on Oct. 11, 2001 with Comeau, Alain R., listed as inventor, the entirety of the application which is hereby specifically incorporated by reference.
This invention relates to a power supply circuit, and more specifically, to a capacitively coupled bridge circuit for using a low-voltage circuit section to control a high-voltage circuit section while maintaining isolation between the high- and low-voltage sections.
In many electronic systems a low voltage source is often needed to control a corresponding high voltage source. One such need, for example, is commonly found in a device known as an Implantable Cardiac Defibrillator (ICD), in which a high voltage pulse is controlled by a low voltage integrated circuit (� C.). In many instances, delivery of the higher voltage is accomplished by way of a non-complementary high voltage switching matrix encompassing a bridge configuration. This switching element frequently employs N-channel Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors (MOSFETs), or Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs), or Silicon Controlled Rectifiers (SCR) depending on the design specifications.
In order to enhance the overall performance of a system that involves low-to-high voltage transfer, isolation between both the voltage-generating and voltage-delivering functions is crucial. In a bridge or a switching matrix configuration having N-Channel MOSFETs or IGBTs, for instance, the transistor gate voltage needs to be higher than, or independent of, the switching voltage. The low voltage section of the system cannot, therefore, be used to provide the gate voltage directly. Therefore, an alternative method of maintaining and transferring the necessary gate voltage must be implemented.
In the art, two known methods are used to achieve level shifting and input-to-output isolation. The first involves using a transformer in combination with a full-wave bridge rectifier circuit; the other involves circuits using opto-couplers.
Although transformers combined with diode rectifiers may be adequate for shifting voltage levels, design considerations limit their use in certain situations. First, transformers are bulky, and hence, are unsuitable in certain applications where minimizing the three-dimensional space of the device is critical, such as in an ICD. Similarly, transformers are discrete devices, and thus, cannot be incorporated in a CMOS integrated circuit (IC).
Opto-couplers, on the other hand, suffer from the same size impediments as isolation transformers. Moreover, in dual- or multi-channel design applications, optocouplers are susceptible to signal distortion and cross talk.
Accordingly, a power supply that delivers a high power output controlled by low power input while simultaneously capacitively isolating the two sources would be advantageous. Such a device would also have the advantage of being readily integrated into standard CMOS IC production processes. The performance characteristics and small size of IC embodiments of such a device would be particularly advantageous for use in small-size applications such ICD's.
The invention provides a power supply with integral control circuit for providing a low-voltage control signal with capacitive coupling to a high-voltage section having an output for powering a load. The power supply is adapted to operate the high-voltage section in response to a signal firm the low-voltage section.
According to one aspect of the invention, the integral control circuit and capacitive coupling are implemented as a single IC.
According to another aspect of the invention, the integral control circuit is implemented as a full bridge rectifier driver circuit.
Embodiments of the invention disclosed include implantable cardiac defibrillator circuits where a bridge section capacitively couples the low-voltage section to the high-voltage section.
The invention provides several technical advantages over the prior art. The capacitive coupling used by the invention is smaller and less expensive to implement than isolation devices used in the arts. The remainder of the accompanying bridge circuit provides advantages in terms of operational characteristics, manufacturing techniques, and size. The invention is particularly advantageous for use in applications concurrently demanding fast response, a high degree of portability, and reliable isolation of high- and low-voltage circuit components. One example of such an application is an implantable cardiac defibrillator. Further advantages will become apparent to those skilled in the arts upon review of the following description, figures and claims.
For a better understanding of the invention including its features, advantages and specific embodiments, reference is made to the following detailed description along with accompanying drawings in which:
References in the detailed description correspond to like references in the figures unless otherwise noted. The figures are not to scale and some features may appear minimized or exaggerated to illustrate the invention.
In general, the bridge portion 14 of the invention 10 provides an isolating and controlling connection between the low voltage section 12 and the high voltage section 22. The invention 10 is designed to provide electrical isolation through the use of an isolation capacitor 20. The components and configuration of the bridge portion 14, further shown and described below, provide a circuit 10 with desirable rise- and fall-time (trise and Tfall) characteristics as well as size and integration advantages at the invention.
Now referring to
A forward-biased diode D1 26 is connected to node N3 as are first and second reverse-biased diodes D2 28 and D3 30. At the opposing terminal of the forward-biased diode D1 26, at node N4, a resistor R2 32 and capacitor C2 34 pair join the opposing terminal of the first reverse-biased diode D2 28 at node N5. Capacitor C2 34 must be fairly well isolated from the input signal (node N3) present on the substrate to prevent the low voltage section 12 input signal from bypassing the first reverse-biased diode D2 28. This is preferably achieved by using a double polysilicon capacitor.
The parasitic capacitance between the substrate and the bottom polysilicon plate is on the order of 10% of the inter-poly capacitance. In addition to being reasonably isolated from the substrate, the use of a double polysilicon capacitor allows the choice of connecting the bottom plate to node N4 or to node N5. Transistor M1 36 itself provides a parasitic capacitance between N4 and N3. It is, therefore, desirable to place additional parasitic capacitance, preferably 5-20 pF, between node N5 and node N3. Thus, a configuration where the capacitor C2 34 bottom plate is tied to node N5 is preferred. Resistor R2 32 optimized along with C2 34, to provide a time constant (Trc) appropriate for the oscillation frequency (Fosc) range used. Typically Trc is 3 to 10 times longer than the inverse minimum frequency used (e.g., 1 MHz to 10 MHz). Parasitic capacitance coupling to node N3 is reduced when R2 32 is made of polysilicon and furthermore if the polysilicon has a higher sheet resistance reducing the size, and therefore parasitic capacitance, resulting in a resistor of smaller area A resistor R2 32 of about 500 KΩ to 3 MΩ is presently preferred, as it provides acceptably low parasitic capacitance.
A transistor M1 36, preferably an NMOSFET, has its source connected to node N4 and its gate connected to node N5. Also connected to node N4 is a power transistor Q1 38. It can be seen that at node N6 the drain of the NMOSFET transistor M1 36 is connected to the remaining terminal of the second reverse-biased diode 30. Node N6 is ultimately connected to the load 24 through a second transistor Q2 40 of the high voltage section 22.
With continued reference to
If the control signal output by the low voltage Section 12 is off (EN_HI is off), node N2 is at ground. Capacitor C2 34 couples any voltage on node N4 to the gate of transistor M1 36, node N5. As voltage between nodes N4 and N6 (N5 is approximately the same voltage as on N4) rises above the threshold voltage of M1 36, M1 36 will begin conducting and short the gate of Q1 38 to the source (N4 to N6), effectively limiting the node N4-N6 voltage difference to about 1V. Preferably M1 36 has a threshold voltage of about 0.7V and Q1 38 has a threshold voltage between 2.5 and 5.5 Volt. This difference in turn-on voltage effectively means that Q1 38 remains off in the event of a voltage spike on node N8 while the control signal is low.
To provide protection for fast rising surges in the high voltage section 22, a normally-off NMOSFET is preferred for M1 36. If a positive spike were to arise on the high voltage drain of Q1 38, there would be a risk that the parasitic collector-gate capacitance (N8 to N4) could feed a substantial portion of this peak to the Q1 38 gate, possibly turning on Q1 38 at an inappropriate time. The configuration shown in
If the low voltage section 12 control signal is on (EN_HI on), typically the control signal oscillates at Fosc=10 MHz-20 MHz), and there is a charge transfer from node N3 to node N4 via the forward-biased diode 26. This charge is stored in the parasitic gate-source capacitance of Q1 38. When N3 goes negative with respect to N4, there is a charge transfer to the isolation capacitor 20 from N6 and from N5 via N3. Node N5 then slowly discharges towards N4 with a time constant (Trc) determined by the value of the resistor R2 32 and by the total capacitance at node N5. The total capacitance is typically dominated by C2 34. The time constant determined by R2 32 and C2 34 is preferably made substantially longer than the inverse frequency of the incoming AC signal on N2 so as to maintain the voltage on N5 as close to that of N6 as possible, ensuring that M1 36 stays in an OFF-state. Under the condition Trc>>1/Fosc the gate-emitter voltage (N4-N6) of Q1 38 increases and eventually reaches its turn-on voltage. The gate-emitter capacitance of Q1 38, diode D3 30 and diode D1 26 ensures that node N4 follows node N6 to the high voltage. Once M1 36 has reached its turn-on voltage, the circuit 14 acts as an AC source follower, thereby pushing N6 up by the peak-to-peak value, the AC voltage (minus a few diode forward drops) at node N2 for every clock cycle. Hence, shorter rise time is achieved with high node N2 AC voltage and high frequency.
Once N6 has reached a value close to that of node N8 (high voltage section 22), then the AC current from node N2 fails to further push up node N4. This node is then charged with the full swing of AC voltage (N2). Note that at this point voltage at node N4 exceeds voltage at node N8. Thus, circuit 10 turns on Q1 38 from a capacitively isolated low voltage source 12. While in this state, little current is consumed by the bridge section 14 as C2 20 and the gate of Q1 38 are fully charged.
When the oscillator stops (setting EN_HI to ground), node N5 discharges towards node N4. When N5-N6 voltage goes beyond the M1 36 threshold voltage, M1 36 turns on shorting N4 and N6 which, in turn, leak the charge from the gate of Q1 38 and turns it off.
To implement the bridge circuit 14 and the high voltage isolation capacitor 20 on the same integrated circuit, certain characteristics are desirable for the components.
Referring to
In addition to blocking reverse voltage, diode D1 26 must be fast enough to switch the AC control signal from node N2. A problem which can arise with normal simple diodes P+/N− for example, is that the injected forward current, holes in the N− material, is available only after the minority carriers have recombined, resulting in a delay. This delay makes such devices relatively slow. Faster switching is achieved if a bipolar connection is used. The minority carrier flow is only through the base 40 and the current is readily available once it reaches the collector (N− substrate). These devices are, therefore, much faster than the simple bipolar diodes. Proper polarity for the diode is obtained when the substrate (P−) is connected to the N−/well (and the P-base). Alternatively, diode device D1 26 may be made using Schottky junction metal-semiconductors.
Referring now to
While the invention has been described with regard to specific and illustrative embodiments, this description and the following claims are not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Various modifications and combinations of the illustrative embodiments as well as other embodiments of the invention will become apparent to persons skilled in the art upon reference to the description and is intended that such variations be encompassed and included within the meaning and scope of the following claims.
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So, I had a miscarriage 12/29. I've been seeing RE weekly to get HCG blood draws. Last week, it was 26. They won't give me my IVF calendars or script for BCP's until it's at zero or <5.
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Kate Hudson Admits To Working Out Six Hours A Day To Get Her Body Back After Pregnancy (Photos)
So is this what Tracy Anderson meant when she said us moms should be trying a little harder? Well, probably not, but I wouldn't be surprised if it did cross her mind. According to celebrity mom Kate Hudson, she says that she worked out for about six hours a day to get her pre-pregnancy body back after she gave birth to her second son, Bing, last year. Six hours a day? Working out? Talk about dedication.
Here's what we're reading from Celebitchy:
Kate Hudson has revealed she lost weight the traditional and the hard way: by working out for a staggering six hours a day. The 33-year-old actress famously struggled to lose the baby weight after her first pregnancy but this time she put in the hard work, and it has most certainly paid off.
In an interview with Star magazine the star divulged: I devoted six hours a day to a vigorous workout regime. I would do 45 or 55 minutes of cardio then an hour of Pilates or yoga, three times a day.'
The Fools Gold star is famous for her toned and athletic figure and she maintains that keeping active from biking and pilates to dancing and running is what keeps her in shape.
When she grew to 13st 2lbs at the end of her pregnancy with her second son Benjamin, now one, she was determined to work hard to achieve the body that women worldwide envy.
WOW! While I understand that it's part of Kate's job to look good in Hollywood, could you imagine any one of us regular moms taking six hours out of our day to work out? I couldn't. First off all, I don't have that luxury to spend so much time in my day to work out of course, and second, I think I'd miss my baby too much! Sure, one of their prime activities during their first few months is sleeping, but as a mother, that's even something that I wouldn't want to miss.
So what do you think of Kate's work out plan? Is it crazy? Or absolutely acceptable, considering the fact that she's an actress and always in the public eye?
Kate Hudson 1 of 5Kate Hudson at "The Reluctant Fundamentalist' photocall during the 69th Venice International Film Festival held at Palazzo del Casino in Venice, Italy.
Back In Shape 2 of 5Clearly all of those hours in the gym has paid off as Kate looks great.
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Part Of The Job 4 of 5But for some women, sometimes it's just part of the job to look good, which Kate knows all too well.
What Do You Think? 5 of 5Do you think spending six hours a day at the gym is crazy... or acceptable?
Photos via PacificCoastNews.com
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Photo Flash: NBC Stirs Up a Creepy Cauldron for Halloween, 10/26
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As Halloween nears, NBC turns Friday, October 26 into Fright Night when it premieres the pilot of the much-anticipated "Mockingbird Lane" (8-9 p.m. ET) -- based on executive producer Bryan Fuller's script and directed by executive producer Bryan Singer. The special program leads into a haunting "La Llorona" Halloween episode of "Grimm" (9-10 p.m. ET). Get a first look below!
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NBC's acclaimed drama series "Grimm" debuts a special Halloween episode, "La Llorona." In this episode, detectives Nick Burkhardt (David Giuntoli) and Hank Griffin (Russell Hornsby) take on the other worldly predator, believed to be "La Llorona," which has abducted some of Portland's children on Halloween. Kate del Castillo -- star of Telemundo's hit miniseries "La Reina del Sur" guest-stars as Valentina Espinosa, a mysterious detective from New Mexico on an obsessive mission to uncover the truth behind the bizarre disappearances and joins forces with Burkhardt and Griffin to intervene before it's too late.
Charity Wakefield, Eddie Izzard, Mason Cook, PORTIA DE ROSSI, Jerry O'Connell
"Mockingbird Lane" is a newly reimagined version of the classic 1960s comedy "The Munsters," now as a visually spectacular one-hour drama with a darker edge and tone. The cast includes Jerry O'Connell as Herman Munster, PORTIA DE ROSSI as his wife Lily, Eddie Izzard as Grandpa, Mason Cook as Eddie and Charity Wakefield as Marilyn.
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Are you using social media for business but haven't seen any real results? Well, it's time to stop the pointless posts and start thinking strategically about your social media activities.
TechTown invites you to attend Post with Purpose: Social Media Strategies for Startups on Thursday, Oct. 18. Social media consultant Emily Hay of Hay There Social Media will discuss how small business owners can effectively use social media to increase engagement and ultimately drive business growth. You'll learn how to define your content goals, create a social media strategy and communicate your message loud and clear.
Beer and pizza are on us!
Free and secure parking is available in the TechTown parking lot on Amsterdam St. between Woodward and Cass avenues.
Through its partners and programs, TechTown connects small businesses to the customers, talent, capital and location necessary to build a thriving enterprise in Southeast Michigan. For more information on TechTown's programs, visit techtowndetroit.org.
TechTown is Detroit's business innovation hub. As the city's most established business accelerator and incubator, we provide a powerful connection to a broad network of resources, catalyzing entire communities of entrepreneurs best poised to energize the local economy.
As Detroit reinvents itself, so TechTown works to reinvent Detroit.
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C: \ Audio & Multimedia \ Presentation Tools \ PowerPoint Slide Show Converter 22.214.171.124
PowerPoint Slide Show Converter 184.108.40.206 - Detailed Description Page
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PowerPoint Slide Show Converter turns a presentation created with Microsoft PowerPoint into a self-running slide show application (executable file) or a screen saver that can be run on Windows computers without requiring any additional programs or files. This is the best way to ensure that everyone can view your presentation, regardless of whether they have PowerPoint on their computers or not. Does not require to have PowerPoint installed.
PowerPoint Slide Show Converter turns a presentation created with Microsoft PowerPoint into a self-running slide show application (executable file) or a screen saver that can be copied to any computer and will run on Windows 95, 98, Me, NT 4.0, 2000, XP and 2003 without requiring any additional program files. If you want to send someone your PowerPoint presentation, distribute it via the internet or through data CDs, the best way to ensure that everyoe can view your presentation (not only those who has the needed version of PowerPoint installed on their computers) is to convert to to a self-running slide show using PowerPoint Slide Show Converter. Does not require to have Microsoft PowerPoint installed, but if you do have Microsoft PowerPoint, you are able to use the Enhanced Mode which gives you additional possibilities. The Enhanced Mode conversion is a one-way process, the source .ppt file cannot be restored from the converted .exe file, so PowerPoint Slide Show Converter is also useful to protect PowerPoint presentations from unauthorized editing.
Keywords: powerpoint, slide show, self-running, standalone, exe, ppt2exe, Shareware, Audio & Multimedia, Presentation Tools, PowerPoint Slide Show Converter, DzSoft Ltd
Recent Changes: Maintenance release.
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Supported Languages: English
Additional Requirements: Microsoft PowerPoint 2000, XP, 2003 or newer
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iPoint is a complete digital signage solution to create, schedule, distribute and monitor playlists of multimedia files. Create a playlist of your messages and commercials and schedule them to be played on all players in your factory or shops....
Desktop Projector 22.214.171.124 (2013-07-21) new
Desktop Projector is a program for broadcasting (transmitting) the desktop (screen) of a computer to other computers in the local network. Desktop Projector is typically used for projection of a presentation or operations performed on a computer to o...
threecubes Fotoshow HD 18.104.22.168 (2013-06-12) new
Photos are taken on digital cameras or cell phones on practically all occasions, all year round. Now you can present them to family and friends in a simple way. threecubes Slideshow HD allows you to create professional slideshows. Photos, background ...
threecubes Slideshow HD 184.108.40.206 (2013-06-10) new
Photos are taken on digital cameras or cell phones on practically all occasions, all year round. Now you can present them to family and friends in a simple way. threecubes Slideshow HD allows you to create professional slideshows. Photos, background ...
winOKE 3.28 (2013-04-09) new
Complete karaoke software for Windows, includes complete editor and full-screen playback options. Supports a variaty of file formats and many combinations of playback options. Slide shows, background bitmaps, full-screen video playback.Now includes ...
PPTX Open File Tool 2.0.0 (2013-04-01) update
Check PPTX Open File Tool if you'd like to know more about the safety of PowerPoint presentations, this software permits recovering affected information in all cases, damaging the structure of PPTX documents. It is easy than any other data recovery s...
doPublicity Digital Signage Software 4.8 (2013-03-26) update
doPublicity Digital Signage software is a comprehensive and easy to use that works on any Windows (2000, XP, Vista, 7, 8) PC connected to a TV or Monitor. The built-in Templates allow users to create Content using images and descriptive text. doPubli...
Boilsoft Screen Recorder 1.05.13 (2013-01-11) update
Boilsoft Screen Recorder is great demo creation software program which is designed to record desktop activities with audio from microphone, line-in, or speakers into compressed AVI or WMV videos in real-time. This screencasting software is the right ...
Hypercube Media Player 2.00a (2012-06-29) new
Hypercube Media Player is a powerful media player designed to give you a huge amount of control over how you view and listen to your media files. features include file encryption/password protection for sensitive/private media files, virtual editing,...
Leawo PwPoint 2 DVD Pro 4World Cup2010 Tool 126.96.36.199 (2012-06-13) new
Leawo PowerPoint to DVD Pro for World Cup 2010 is a professional tool that can convert PowerPoint to DVD not only, but also can convert PowerPoint to all formats video. It provides multiple wonderful DVD menu templates and DVD menu designing methods ...
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A fork of Statpress Visitors for very limited space like there is in Free hosting.
good plugin
i use on my website taufik hidayat :)
<img alt="Image of of Daily Stats" src="http://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-a4ENVmDV9RY/UTLc3MawlEI/AAAAAAAADVA/_3hBSWOTyx0/s000/Screenshot0068.jpg" title="Daily Stats" class="aligncenter" />
I using that in my Science Website and I found out that there was a known problem. Specially on the "DailyStat V Top Posts." The link on the widget contains question mark (?) right after the domain (example: http://www.kwentology.com/?/%postname/). Resulting to refresh the same spot if someone click the link. Like, if someone is on the homepage and decided to click the top post on the widget, the page to come up is still the home page.
Exact output:
First, I fixed it after I edited the previous versions php file. But, today as there is new update. And I run to update the plugin. I never thought that problem I have before still persist. Unfortunately, I'm on my phone right now that's why I can't redo editing the plugin. I hope it will be fix as soon as possible.
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Video: Syracuse's Rakeem Christmas Got An Apple TV For Reaching The Final Four, Promptly Did The "Stanky Leg" To Celebrate
Originally written on College Spun | Last updated 5/1/13
Syracuse forward Rakeem Christmas tweeted out a Vine of himself dancing to the "Stanky Leg" after getting an Apple TV for reaching the Final Four. This is one of the best things I've ever seen in my life. someone's happy he got an Apple TV from the final fourvine.co/v/bxL6KD5abbA — Rakeem Christmas(@R_Xmas25) May 1, 2013
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Waste & Recycling Companies in Solomon Islands
Category: Waste & Recycling ×
Industry: Defense ×
Location: Australasia ×
Location: Solomon Islands ×
New Age/Landmark, Inc.
based in South Haven, MICHIGAN (USA)
New Age/Landmark, Inc. (NAL) is a mobile laboratory services company that specializes in on-site chemical testing for quick turn-around of air, water and soil samples for the environmental, emergency response, and homeland industries. NAL has provided a variety of mobile laboratory services for over 10 years. Through a fleet of mobile laboratory units, NAL chemists have ...
Rivo Software Ltd.
based in Warwick, UNITED KINGDOM
Rivo Software is a world leading enterprise safety, security and sustainability platform. We unlock value by providing technology for managing safety, security and sustainability, resulting in increased efficiency, performance and protection of people, assets and reputations. We use our expertise to continually evolve our technology platform maintaining superior quality ...
Immacutec Systems Technologies Inc.
based in Toronto, ONTARIO (CANADA)
Immacutec delivers the complete portrait of an organization's solid waste stream. We design and perform third party waste generation studies of varying size and complexity. This involves characterizing, quantifying, reporting and monitoring the contents, generation trends and disposal activities of all operations. Our measured and audited resource management data ...
Salamandra Safety
based in Moscow, RUSSIA
Salamandra Safety is the world`s leading manufacturer and distributor of Aerosol Fire Extinguishers. An innovative and robust technology known as Aerosol Fire Extinguishing features outstanding extinguishing speed and stable result, easy installation and highest cost economy. It is invaluable for the projects where top quality, reasonable costs and fastest available ...
Cerex Monitoring Solutions, LLC.
based in Atlanta, GEORGIA (US) (USA)
Cerex specializes in the manufacture of FTIR and UVDOAS multi gas analyzers for Continuous Emission Monitoring, Process Monitoring, Ambient Air Quality Monitoring, Indoor Air Quality Monitoring, Leak Detection and Hazmat First Response. Cerex uses solid spectroscopy techniques to simultaneously monitor multiple gases in real time. Our devices are highly sensitive, ...
Technical Absorbents
based in Grimsby, UNITED KINGDOM
The core business of Technical Absorbents is the manufacture and global supply of Super Absorbent Fibre (SAF). Our mission is to offer world class levels of innovation, development, manufacture and supply of SAF and absorbent nonwoven fabrics, yarns and tapes for many different markets and applications, for example:– water retaining fabrics for the agro/horticulture ...
Ionicon Analytik Ges.m.b.H.
based in Innsbruck, AUSTRIA
IONICON is the world's leading producer of trace gas analyzers with market-leading, real-time, single-digit pptv-level detection limits for VOCs using the unique Proton Transfer Reaction – Mass Spectrometry (PTR-MS) and Selective Reagent Ionization – Mass Spectrometry (SRI-MS) technology. IONICON also produces trace calibration devices for analytical instruments and ...
EarthSoft, Inc
based in Concord, MASSACHUSETTS (USA)
EarthSoft`s EQuIS software manages environmental and geotechnical data and is the world`s most widely used environmental data management system. The EQuIS Data Processor (EDP) and Enterprise EDP are the world`s most widely used EDD tools. Many governments, industrials, and especially consultants and labs use EQuIS and EDP. EQuIS Professional and EQuIS for ArcGIS and ...
The BioSolve Company
based in Lexington, MASSACHUSETTS (USA)
BioSolve is a proprietary, water-based, biodegradable formulation of surfactants and performance additives that work together to address hydrocarbon clean up in a broad range of settings: at sites with contaminated soil, in industrial repair and maintenance, and in emergency response. Biosolve has become the leader in hydrocarbon clean up because it is BOTH easy to use ...
Terragon Environmental Technologies Inc.
based in Montréal, QUEBEC (CANADA)
Terragon develops and commercializes innovative technologies and practices needed to enable habitats to treat their waste locally and safely in order to recover valuable resources to be reused at the site where waste is generated. Terragon researches and engineers highly innovative waste treatment systems which anyone can operate safely, economically and without special ...


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Check out these great FREE storytimes around the city!
Events & Activities
A listing of events and activities in Lawrenceville Pittsburgh, PA
Pittsburgh City Living
Learn what makes Pittsburgh's city neighborhoods so unique with this comprehensive, FREE local resource!
Arsenal Bowling Deals
Arsenal Bowling in Lawrenceville offers specials every day of the week.
FREE Port Authority Transportation for Carnegie Mellon Students
Free public transportation for CMU students
Affordable Zumba Classes in Lawrenceville
Zumba classes for less than 4 bucks per class!
Art Galleries Around Pittsburgh
A very comprehensive local website of all the free art galleries in Pittsburgh!
Lovin' Lawrenceville on Sundays
We've got a whole day planned out for you in Lawrenceville…off-the-beaten-path, and on the cheap!
Traditional Date with an Inexpensive Twist
Love the traditional meal and a movie date? Try breakfast and a matinee for great date savings!
Live Indie Music at Brillobox
Affordable live music at Brillobox in Lawrenceville.


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To make reservations by phone, dial freephone 0800 221 222 in the UK, 1 800 409 929 in Ireland, or view our regional telephone reservation numbers.
Courtyard Moscow Paveletskaya is a Moscow hotel that is ideal for business travelers. The hotel located in Moscow's upscale area, just a 3 minute walk from the Paveletskaya railway station, which provides a comfortable Domodedovo Airport Express service. Our Moscow hotel offers 171 contemporary guest rooms with luxurious bedding, large work area with free Internet access, and laptop sized safes. Our modern hotel lobby is equipped with a business center and free WIFI access. In our restaurant, you may enjoy a breakfast buffet, a la carte dinner, or choose a snack from "The Market" 24-hour shop. The guests can also book any of our four spacious conference halls for events, meetings, and occasions. All halls have beautiful floor-to-ceiling panoramic windows and can accommodate up to 150 people. Start your morning with a workout in our gym on the 13th floor. Begin your sightseeing by exploring the Moscow River embankments or take a short subway ride to Tverskaya Street or Tretyakov Gallery.
Category: Points Needed Per Night


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2013 Jamboree® Stadium SeatOriginal Price:$19.99 Current Price: $9.98Fold-up, easy-carry design features supportive aluminum-bar structure and reinforced padding for added comfort. Made of durable ripstop nylon in blue with full-color Jamboree® logo on both sides of back support. Adjustable side straps. Imported. Learn More
2013 Jamboree® Logo Beach TowelOriginal Price:$24.99 Current Price: $9.98The full-color event logo covers this plush, 100% cotton terrycloth towel. Measures 30" x 60". Imported. Learn More


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GoodShop.com works with more than 2,500 stores (including Target, Apple, Petsmart etc..) and every time you purchase something, a percentage will be donated to us! And, even more exciting, GoodShop also offers over 100,000 of the most up-to-date coupons and free shipping offers so you can save money at the same time. It's win win.
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Have you ever asked yourself: Could I make a difference? Could I change a life? Yes, you can! By making a donation today, you can join forces with AAPL in its mission to change lives! Give $100 today or any amount you wish. Any donations over $100 earn Gold Library Card status: free holds and 52 free DVD rentals. Together we CAN make a difference! Donation forms are located at each service desk.
- Adorable squirrels as you've never seen them!You may think you know what squirrels do all day...but Mr. Peanuts is no ordinary squirrel. Instead of climbing tress, he plays the piano
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General Info
Old profile, see new...
everything moved here: http://www.xtube.com/community/profile.php?user=kittanwolfe
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Thanks for the friend request ! And as for the profile pic, NICE!! S-L-U-R-P !!
thanks for the friend request. hope you enjoyed my profile and posted videos. glad you checked em out and hope you keep watching!
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No one posted this yet... The Vikings IR looks ugly.
Antonie Cash: Groin, Doubtful
Allen Rossum: Hamstring, Probable
Brady Smith: Quadriceps, Probable
Jason Webster: Knee, Probable
Dez White: Hamstring, Probable
Nate Burleson: Knee, Out
Brian Williams: Knee, Out
Lance Johnston: Shoulder, Doubtful
E.J Henderson: Ankle, Questionable
Darren Sharper: Knee, Questionable
Kenechi Udeze: Knee, Questionable
Sam Cowart: Knee, Probable
Dontarrius Thomas: Hamstring, Probable
Moe Williams: Knee, Probable
Injury Report
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AT385: Twelve Step Spirituality Practicum
The Twelve Steps of Alcoholics Anonymous and other recovery groups provide a guide for spiritual health and growth that is available for all people in all walks of life. This course invites participants to look closely at the Twelve Steps, reflect on the practices, pray in the way of Twelve Step spirituality, and discern how the Twelve Steps can inform their holistic living. The course also gives attention to how clergy, spiritual directors, counselors, and all who companion others can draw upon the Twelve Steps for their ministries.
Students interested in or applying for the spiritual direction program may either take this course as a one-credit practicum or couple it with PT 7 – Addiction: The Church's Role in Recovery, held on the same Wednesdays in the evening, to earn two credits towards fulfilling degree requirements. Those choosing to take both courses would write one final paper focusing specifically on Twelve Step spirituality in the parish setting.
Adj. Prof. Stuart Hoke. 1 Credit.
Easter 2013. Six Wednesdays beginning March 20, 3:30-5:20pm.
If this is the first course you are registering for in the Trinity 2012 term, please add a non-refundable $100 Academic Fee. If you have already registered for a course in this term, you do not need to add the Academic Fee.