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text: I am very excited that I was able to get an ADR for the Princess dinner in Norway. My two year old loves Snow White and my three year old loves Sleeping Beauty. We have never eaten there before. How is the food? I read a copy of the menu, but would like to hear some first hand reports of your experiences at Akershus.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
I have been out of the music buying scene for a long time, and recently I've been thinking about buying a few albums. Now a days, I just turn Pandora or Grooveshark on and let it go, but now I'd like to actually buy (own) some. The problem is I'm not sure which service is the best to use. Does anyone actually buy music anymore, and if so, from where?
Ideally, I'd like to get DRM free FLAC flies, but I have a feeling that is a long shot. (what's the minimum bit rate that you consider worth paying for?) I'd really like not to have to sign up for a subscription service, but I'll consider it if the service is a good value and it lets me actually keep the albums after the subscription has lapsed.
Any ideas?


text:
I too received Fleath's "Hard Rubbish" postcard today - intriguing, and a really nice print.
The caption information shocked me a bit though, when I read:
"The stuff people throw away, it's nuts. Hasselblad 500 C/M, 80/2.8 T* Planar C. ...."
For a moment, I thought he had found a Hasselblad in amongst the rubbish
22 down, one gone astray, 5 to go.


text:
Big East Storylines Blog
Big East
| Big Ten
| Big 12
Pac 10
Big East By J.P. Girouard; Big 10 By Tony
Castricone; Big 12 By Sean Martin; Conference USA By Greg Vacek;
Independents By Adam Nettina; MAC By Adam Nettina; Mountain West By Jim
Riffel; Pac 10 By Dan Greenspan; SEC By Gabe Harris and Barrett Sallee; Sun Belt By John
Martello; WAC By Jon Tavares
Big East
| Big Ten
| Big 12
Pac 10
(5-6) at Rutgers (6-5)
Thursday 7:30 pm
--After upsetting South Florida in October to move to 5-2, the Cardinals
went 0-for-4 in November. The biggest reason for Louisville's freefall
has been a turnover-prone offense that has given up the ball 14 times in
those four defeats. A loss to Rutgers would mean no bowl game for the
Cardinals for the second straight year and mark their first losing
season for Louisville since 1997.
--Left for dead after a 1-5 start, the Scarlet Knights have reeled off
five wins in a row. Against Army two weeks ago, quarterback Mike Teel
continued his improved play with 359 yards passing, while the defense
held the Black Knights to just two yards through the air in an easy 30-3
win. Rutgers needs to win here to be assured of a fourth-straight bowl
The revolving door
at kicker continues for the Cardinals. Tim Dougherty has regained the
job after Ryan Payne missed 3-of-6 FG attempts. Dougherty is the third
kicker Louisville has used this year. First-year defensive coordinator
Ron English is reportedly in the running for the head coaching jobs at
San Diego State and Eastern Michigan. English is a former assistant for
the Aztecs.
Rutgers: Head coach Greg Schiano expects multiple
running backs to see significant action against Louisville. The Scarlet
Knights have had four different players lead the team in rushing this
season. On the injury front, long snapper Jeremy Branch is questionable
for Thursday's game with a knee injury. Reserve wide receiver Andrew
DePaola will replace Branch if he can't go.
Louisville has to … stop giving away the football. Turnovers have
been a season-long issue, as Louisville is last in the Big East in
turnover margin. A big reason for these struggles has been the
inaccuracy of quarterback Hunter Cantwell, who has thrown 15
interceptions. After a slow start the Rutgers secondary has been on a
huge roll the last few weeks, so it is important for Cantwell to keep
the mistakes to an absolute minimum.
Rutgers has to … run the ball. While the passing attack has
gotten hot the last few weeks, the Scarlet Knights are still a
pedestrian running team. Rutgers has used several different running
backs this year – all of whom have shown flashes of brilliance – but
there hasn't been consistent production from any one of them. It will be
important for the Scarlet Knights to generate a solid rushing attack to
open things up for quarterback Mike Teel.
Keep an eye on … Rutgers wide receiver Tiquan Underwood.
Underwood was a forgotten man early in the season, as fellow receiver
Kenny Britt emerged as a star and quarterback Mike Teel struggled to
find other options. But the 6-2 senior has shown signs lately that he's
rediscovered the form that made him a 1,000-yard receiver in 2007. If
the Cardinals spend too much time focusing on Britt, Underwood could
have a big day facing a banged-up Louisville secondary.
The number to know: 18. Two years ago, Rutgers came back from an
18-point deficit (25-7) to beat the Cardinals. Last year Louisville
trailed by 18 points in the second half and rallied to win.
And the winner is … Rutgers 27 … Louisville 24
(8-3) at Connecticut (7-4)
12 noon
--Pitt won the Backyard Brawl for the second straight year, getting a
late LeSean McCoy touchdown run to sneak by West Virginia 19-15. McCoy
had a monster game for the Panthers, churning out a career-high 183
yards along with a pair of touchdowns. A win here gives Pittsburgh a
chance at a high-profile bowl game – most likely the Sun Bowl – while
keeping hopes of a 10-win season alive.
--The Huskies' year-long offensive struggles caught up with them in a
17-13 loss to South Florida two weeks ago. Star running back Donald
Brown was held under 100 yards rushing for the second time in three
games, and the anemic UConn passing game couldn't pick up the slack. The
Huskies still have a chance to finish with a winning record in the Big
East and improve their postseason position with a victory.
Dave Wannstedt
said that quarterback Bill Stull's struggles are more about growing
pains (he's a first-year starting quarterback) and less about any
lingering injury problems. Stull has thrown more interceptions (8) than
touchdowns (7) this year. Defensive lineman Tommie Duhart missed his
third straight game with an ankle injury and his status for this week's
game is unknown.
Connecticut: Head coach Randy Edsall was
disappointed that Donald Brown – who leads the NCAA in rushing yards per
game – was not a Doak Walker Award finalist. Starting linebacker Greg
Lloyd will miss the Pitt game for personal reasons, but is expected to
return in time for the Huskies' bowl game. Tight end Steve Brouse
returned to practice last week, but it's unclear whether he'll be ready
to play against the Panthers.
Pittsburgh has to … slow down Brown. When Brown runs for more
than 110 yards, the Huskies are 7-1. When he runs for less than 110
yards, Connecticut is 0-3. The Panthers have been solid against the run
all season and were especially good against West Virginia, holding the
Mountaineers to just 157 yards rushing. If the stout Pitt front seven
can keep Brown in check, the UConn offense will have problems moving the
Connecticut has to … win the turnover battle. The Huskies have
thrived when they've gotten big plays on defense. That should be a bonus
against a Panthers offense that has been mistake-prone, ranking
second-to-last in the Big East in turnover margin. If star defensive end
Cody Brown and the rest of the UConn front four can get pressure on
Stull and force him into bad decisions, it should give Connecticut
opportunities to score on a short field.
Keep an eye on … Connecticut linebacker Scott Lutrus.
Pittsburgh's Scott McKillop won't be the only terrific middle linebacker
on the field this Saturday. Lutrus has had a terrific season, ranking
third in the Big East with 8-plus tackles per game. Only a sophomore,
the 6-3, 230 pound Lutrus will have a tall order in trying to stop
The number to know: 27 -- Pittsburgh and Connecticut have each
registered 27 sacks this season.
And the winner is … Connecticut 19 … Pittsburgh 17
Florida (7-4) at West Virginia (7-4)
8 pm
--South Florida stopped a three-game losing streak with their 17-13 win
over Connecticut to seal a 13th game, most likely down the
road at the St. Petersburg Bowl. But the Bulls still have big questions
about a suddenly anemic offense that hasn't scored more than 20 points
in over a month. A victory here would give USF three straight wins over
West Virginia while keeping hopes of a third consecutive nine-win season
--The Mountaineers' slim Big East title hopes were dashed in the
Backyard Brawl, as West Virginia fell 19-15 to Pittsburgh. The defense
had no answers for Pitt's star running back LeSean McCoy, who rushed for
183 yards and the game winning touchdown. West Virginia is unlikely to
play in a January bowl game for the first time since 2002, but a win
here could potentially lock up a Sun Bowl bid for the Mountaineers.
South Florida:
All-American defensive end George Selvie says he's leaning towards
staying for his senior year at USF, although he admits the decision is
"complicated." On the injury front, cornerback Tyller Roberts injured
his ankle against Connecticut and it's unclear whether he'll play
against the Mountaineers. South Florida assistant Mike Canales is
reportedly a candidate for the vacant head coaching position at Utah
Virginia: Head coach Bill Stewart admitted that the USF defense has had the
Mountaineers' number the last two seasons – and provided the blueprint
for other teams to stop West Virginia's potent rushing attack. MLB
Anthony Leonard should return this week after missing the Pitt game with
a foot injury, while starting center Mike Dent is struggling with a bad
neck that has kept him out the last two weeks.
South Florida has to … run the ball more effectively. The Bulls were a
little bit more potent on the ground against Connecticut, but the lack
of a running game has been evident the last four weeks. In those games,
USF is averaging only 3.3 yards per carry and 108 yards per game on the
ground. West Virginia has been tough to throw against all season, so
South Florida needs to establish the run to open things up for
quarterback Matt Grothe.
West Virginia has to …
get other players involved offensively. The South Florida front seven
has been a rock all season, allowing only 94 yards rushing per game. The
Bulls will focus on stopping Pat White and Noel Devine, like everyone
does, but the Mountaineers have struggled to find other ways to move the
football. Getting slotback Jock Sanders the ball through runs or screen
passes early on would be a start.
Keep an eye on … West Virginia quarterback Pat White. The NCAA's
all-time leading rusher among quarterbacks, White is having another
great year. He's just 121 yards away from his third-straight 1,000-yard
rushing season. There should be extra motivation on Saturday for White –
not only is this his final home game, he's facing a USF team that has
had his number the last two seasons, holding him to just 53 yards
The number to know: 1 -- South Florida is No. 1 in the Big East
in rushing defense, while West Virginia leads the conference in rushing
And the winner is … West Virginia 24 … South Florida 17
Cincinnati (10-2) at Hawaii (7-5) 11:30 pm
--Cincinnati clinched the Big East crown with a 30-10 victory over
Syracuse last week, and while going off to the BCS is the big prize,
this will be like a bowl game trip. Despite having already earned the
automatic berth by virtue of West Virginia's loss to Pittsburgh the day
before their game, the Bearcats held Syracuse to 59 yards passing and
eight first downs. This week's game is about keeping everyone healthy
and maintaining the program's positive momentum going into the
--It wasn't a dominant performance, but Hawaii had more than enough to
get by lowly Washington State 24-10 last week. Quarterback Greg
Alexander continued to impress, throwing for a career-best 315 yards in
the win, and while this isn't the Hawaii offense of old, the attack is
improving. The Warriors accepted a bid to the hometown Hawaii Bowl after
the game, so this game looms as an opportunity to knock off another a
high-profile BCS squad.
Cincinnati: Head
coach Brian Kelly did not directly address the rumors that he's a
candidate for the University of Washington position, and he has
maintained the same stance that he plans to be at Cincinnati next year.
Starting cornerback Mike Mickens won't play against Hawaii after
undergoing knee surgery last week, but he is expected to return for the
bowl game. Defensive end Lamonte Nelms pleaded not guilty to charges
stemming from a weekend nightclub incident. His status for this week is
Hawaii: All-WAC cornerback Ryan Mouton missed the Washington
State game with an ankle injury and is questionable this week. His loss
would be a blow to a secondary that's already missing strong safety Erik
Robinson, who has been out the last two weeks with a bad hamstring.
Senior linebacker Solomon Elimimian was named
WAC co-defensive player of the year. Elimimian leads the Warriors with
101 tackles.
Cincinnati has to … treat this like a business trip. The trip to
Hawaii is always a dicey proposition. Since 2003, the Warriors have six
home wins over schools from BCS conferences. The Bearcats have little to
play for here, with the Big East title and automatic BCS bid already in
hand. It will be up to Kelly to keep his team from looking ahead.
Hawaii has to … slow down the Bearcats' passing game. Quarterback
Tony Pike has been red hot the last few weeks and leads the Big East in
passing efficiency, while Dominick Goodman and Mardy Gilyard form one of
the nation's better, underappreciated receiving duos. Hawaii's secondary
has been solid most the season, but with Robinson and Mouton banged up,
the unit is depleted.
Keep an eye on … Cincinnati defensive back Brandon Underwood. The
Ohio State transfer has seen a lot more time at cornerback with Mickens
out and has done well. In his last three games, Underwood has 13
tackles, two pass breakups, one interception and one forced fumble. More
importantly, the Bearcats have given up 164 yards passing per game in
those contests.
The numbers to know:.1 and 118. Cincinnati is No. 1 in the nation
in net punting, while Hawaii is 118th in the nation in punt
And the winner is … Cincinnati 38 … Hawaii 28


text:
A method for producing a contact structure on a structured surface comprising producing a first conductive layer on the structured surface, wherein the first conductive layer comprising tungsten. A conductive seed layer is produced on the first conductive layer, the contact structure being produced by electroplating on the seed layer. The first conductive layer serves as an etch stop for selectively removing substrate material from the backside.
1. Method for producing a contact structure on a structured surface of a substrate, the method comprising:
producing a first conductive layer on the structured surface, the first conductive layer comprising tungsten;
producing a conductive seed layer on the first conductive layer, the seed layer comprising a multiple-layer structure, wherein the first conductive layer is not part of the multiple-layer structure;
electroplating the contact structure on the seed layer; and
selectively removing the contact structure, at least one of the layers of the multiple-layer structure of the seed layer acting as a stop layer in the selective removal.
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1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to the production of contact structures on a structured surface of a substrate.
2. Description of Related Art
In many fields there are considerable challenges to producing contact structures due to the increasing demands placed on them in terms of quality and size. Especially for semiconductor substrates, problems concerning electrical contact arise due to the strong increase in electronic performance requirements. As the frequency range above 1 GHz is being opened up increasingly for semiconductor applications, the need to optimize the contact of the active components to the RF ground becomes more marked. Hitherto, in Si components, the mass potentials have been bonded from the front of the chips to the ground contacts of the package via bond wires. Such a bond wire has an inductance of typically 0.5 nH, depending on the length. This corresponds to an impedance of 3 Ohm at 1 GHz. An impedance of this magnitude being present in the emitter and/or source path of an RF amplifier circuit greatly reduces the gain available. Gain losses of 10 dB are not unusual. Even though multiple bonds are of assistance to a certain degree, they still do not, in principle, provide a solution.
In GaAs technology, it has therefore been common practice for a long time to lead the source contacts from the back of the semiconductor chip to the front by means of a metallic via. In silicon technology, a number of process related difficulties, in particular the low etching rates of silicon, have prevented an introduction of such substrate via contacts.
An alternative solution would be a flip-chip technology with metal bumps on the contacts. This technology, however, has the disadvantage of a relatively poor heat dissipation. With small components, such as discrete transistors and MMICs (MMIC=monolithic microwave IC), an added disadvantage is that a larger die size of silicon is required because of the bumps, and that, at least up to now, no flip-chip bonding process exists that would even so much as get close to the cycle times of "upright" die-bonding.
It has been known in the art to create vias wherein a reverse-side photolithography process and further reverse-side process steps are required, which is an extremely difficult task to perform on thin wafers. Such a method has been described, for example, in DE 19816245. On the other hand, it is necessary, for a variety of reasons, to thin the silicon wafers typically to about 50–200 μm, so that for this reason and also because of the enormously long process times, a via on thick wafers is of little use.
In addition, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,618,752 and 5,608,264 contain descriptions of forming an opening in a silicon substrate, wherein the opening is filled with a metal after depositing a barrier metal layer and an oxide layer. In the above-described patent applications and according to the current state of the art, however, it is practically impossible to fully fill Via holes, which have dimensions of a very high aspect ratio of 1:10, to the required depth using conventional metal coating methods. Therefore it is assumed, in the above patent applications, that after the metal deposition effected by sputtering, evaporation or a CVD process, a residual opening remains, which must be filled up with further filling material. The details disclosed in the above patent applications therefore are not sufficient so as to be able to advantageously produce substrate vias. In addition, the above patent applications do not indicate any practical method specifying how the substrate vias may be exposed and connected in a convenient manner from the reverse side once the front side of the wafers has been completed.
It is also known in the art to produce contacts by means of electroplating. Since the introduction of copper metalization into semiconductor technology, processes based on electroplating have been available which are suitable, in principle, for filling very large via openings.
A precondition for electroplating is a conductive layer which is referred to as a seed layer and typically also includes copper. The seed layer is applied by means of PVD (physical vapor deposition) methods. CVD and electroplating techniques are also possible. The copper seed layer is deposited onto a tantalum diffusion barrier and/or tantalum-based diffusion barrier commonly used for this method, wherein, as is known, PVD deposition is used, but other methods are also possible. Other barrier materials, such as CVD-TiN or electroplated barriers may be applied.
For deep vias having a high aspect ratio, typically 1:10, no reliable and sufficient area coverage of the via-opening sidewall and of the via bottom can be achieved using the usual PVD methods. Literature frequently gives descriptions of the use of Cu-CVD methods for producing the Cu seed layer, for example in the following publication: "Wafer Process and Issue of Through Electrodes in Si Wafer Using Cu Damascene for Three Dimensional Chip Stacking", Masataka Hoshino et al., Superficies y Vacio 13, 1–6, Diciembre 2001, and the publication: "Processing Techniques for 3-FD Integration Techniques", S. Burkett et al., Superficies y Vacio 13, 1–6, Diciembre 2001. The above-described Cu-CVD methods have been applied for years in research laboratories, but have not been introduced in semiconductor production. In addition, manufacturers of electrolytes have developed electrolytes which permit electrolytic copper deposition on a barrier, which is also known by the name of high-resistance electrolyte.
In summary, it can be stated that the prior art knows of no technique that would enable the creation of contacts on structured surfaces that would meet the requirements placed upon them by modern technologies, and, in particular, by semiconductor technology.
It is the objective of the present invention to provide an improved method for producing contact structures.
The present invention is a method for producing a contact structure on a structured surface of a substrate, the method comprising producing a first conductive layer on the structured surface, the first conductive layer comprising tungsten, producing a conductive seed layer on the first layer and electroplating the contact structure on the seed layer.
The present invention is based on the findings that by producing the seed layer on a layer which comprises tungsten (W), a high-quality contact structure may be deposited in a subsequent electroplating step. The layer comprising tungsten, also referred to as W layer hereinafter, exhibits excellent edge coverage, which is why the requirements for the seed layer are considerably reduced. In addition, the W layer may be formed with a high degree of homogeneity. The high degree of edge coverage is achieved by using tungsten, the inventive layer preferably having a layer being completely formed of tungsten, or a layer having a tungsten alloy with preferably at least 10% by weight of tungsten. The favorable edge coverage enables, in particular, the use of structures with abrupt junctions or edges, wherein uniform and high-quality electroplating may still be achieved due to the excellent edge coverage.
The favorable edge coverage of the layer also enables closed coating even of deep openings in a substrate having an electrically conductive layer. The layer comprising tungsten may be used as a current-carrying layer in electroplating, whereby the demands placed upon the seed layer are kept small In particular, the seed layer may have a very small thickness, even traces of copper deposited onto the layer comprising tungsten being sufficient for enabling high-quality electroplating. In particular, due to the high degree of homogeneity and high quality of the layer comprising tungsten, a homogeneous current supply is possible in electroplating, which has advantageous effects on the production of the contact structure which may be produced with a high degree of uniformity and small-scale mechanical interferences. The use of the inventive W layer, which takes on the property of a conducting layer, which is required for electrolytical copper deposition, disposes with the need to have to achieve, with a sputtered copper layer, a conductive connection to the interior of the substrate via.
The inventive method is particularly advantageous for producing electrical contacts on structured surfaces of semiconductor substrates, and, in particular, of silicon substrates for current and future requirements associated with semiconductor technology. In particular, the inventive method enables, in such applications, a complete filling-up of a deep opening or a deep via hole in a semiconductor substrate, the via hole having a high aspect ratio, for example 1:10, for producing electrical vias meeting the high demands placed upon them by semiconductor technology. The aspect ratios with which complete advantageous filling is possible is higher than 1:4. In terms of length dimensions, the inventive method permits a filling of openings with lateral dimensions <50 μm or via holes with a depth of >20 μm.
The first conductive layer may preferably have a thickness in the range from 0.1 μm to 1 μm most preferably 0.4 μm. A thickness of the first conductive layer below 0.1 μm is disadvantageous because of the increase of the electrical resistance for applying electrical currents. Furthermore, a thickness below 0.1 μm is disadvantageous in embodiments wherein the first conductive layer is used as a stop layer in a selective removal process, for example selective etching or CMP, because the thickness of the first conductive layer is not sufficient to provide a secure stopping of the removal process. The seed layer may have a small thickness of only a few nanometers, preferably in the range from one Mono layer to 10 nm at the position where the seed layer has the smallest thickness. However, it is also possible to form the seed layer with a thickness up to 5 μm. A thickness of the seed layer greater than 5 μm has the drawback that the edge covering is decreased, the resulting electrical contact structure produced by using such a seed layer having decreased electrical and mechanical properties.
In particular, the method is also suitable for electrically contacting other contact areas or metalizations in the substrate.
The layer comprising tungsten is preferably produced by means of a CVD process, which has the advantage that process steps which would be newly developed may be dispensed with, since in semiconductor technology, a W-CVD process has been used in manufacturing for years. Thereby, an integration into existing semiconductor processes is achieved without major reorganizations, whereby manufacturing costs are kept low, on the one hand, and a fast market introduction is achieved, on the other hand. In addition, the use of a W-CVD deposition for producing the inventive layer is most suitable, due to the very favorable edge and bottom coverage that may be achieved therewith, for a closed coating of deep substrate via openings with an electrically conductive layer.
When applied to silicon semiconductor technology, the inventive method therefore enables the manufacturing of metallic vias from the front side of a silicon wafer to the reverse side in a method suitable for production which may be integrated into a standard IC process and meets the high demands placed with regard to a homogeneous and complete filling of the via opening, good adhesion of the contact on the surface of the via opening with high aspect ratios and large depths.
In the inventive method, one or several barrier layers may preferably be provided. For example, the inventive W layer may comprise a stack of layers, wherein one or several barrier layers are formed in addition to a layer of W or a W alloy. The barrier layers may be metallic layers. The barrier layers may be, for example, Ti, titanium-based layers, e.g. TiN, Ta, or tantalum-based layers, e.g. TaN. Preferably, a layer stack of Ti and/or TiN is used in the stack between the layer of tungsten or tungsten alloy and the structured surface on which the contact is to be produced, so that a stack of Ti/TiN/W is formed, since the use of Ti and/or Ti-nitride is highly suitable as a barrier. For isolating the metal layers from the substrate, the substrate via opening may, in addition, previously also be coated with a dielectric material, so that the layer stack additionally includes a dielectric layer. Moreover, in addition to a metallic barrier layer formed between the structured surface and the W layer, one or several further barrier layers may be disposed between the layer of tungsten or tungsten alloy and the starting layer for electroplating. In other words, the seed layer deposited onto the W layer may include a layer stack wherein one or several further barrier layers are provided in addition to the starting layer for electroplating. The barrier layer arranged between the starting layer for electroplating and the W layer is preferably selected as a function of the material of the starting layer for electroplating. Preferably, the starting layer for electroplating comprises that material which is present in the electrolyte and which is deposited during the electroplating. Here, the material particularly preferred is copper. When using a starting layer made of copper, the barrier layers provided between the starting layers and the W layer preferably comprise Ta- or tantalum-based materials, since these are particularly well-suited, with Cu, for avoiding a diffusion.
However, other materials than the material deposited during the electroplating may also be used as a starting layer for electroplating, as long as the materials meet the requirements of a high degree of adhesion of the deposited material on the starting layer.
The use of multiple-layer structures has the added advantage that in the event of a planarization, the barrier layers located in the multiple-layer structure may be used as a stop layer when selectively removing the electrolytically deposited contact structure. For example, the stack of barrier layers provided between the W layer and the electroplating starting layer may be used as a polishing stop, so that underlying layers stemming from previous manufacturing steps are protected against uncontrolled polishing. The layer stack or remainders thereof may, in addition, be selectively removed itself, or themselves, which may be achieved, for example, by providing a high selectivity of the removal rates of tungsten versus copper. This has the advantage that additional auxiliary layers, such as silicon nitride, may be dispensed with, so that the manufacturing process is simplified and the manufacturing costs are low. Alternatively, masked electroplating for example masked copper electroplating, including merely a copper deposition in the substrate via, would also be possible. Preferably, however, masked electroplating, which is very expensive, may be dispensed with in the inventive method, so that the manufacturing expenditure and cost are considerably smaller in comparison with known electroplating methods.
In addition, the inventive method may be advantageously used, in particular, for the production of vias in a substrate. Here, too, the use of the inventive W layer proves advantageous, since the tungsten layer acts as an etch stop in a reverse-side etching, for example in wet chemical damage etching. Likewise, if one or several barrier layers are provided, the tungsten and/or the barrier layers may act as an etch stop. Thereby, the metalized vias may project out from the surface as pins after the selective etching, so that these pins may be planarized using a standard CMP step. A further advantage here is that with the use of suitable fillings, for example a copper filling, the W layer can be worn away at about the same rate, as the copper filling. The process stops on the planar silicon surfaces, so that etchings occur neither in the tungsten material nor in the copper. The above described method thus enables, in a simple manner, that the chemical-mechanical polishing step is performed over a small depth, so that a high quality of the planarized surface, with minor contaminations of the contact, may be achieved. Thereby, a reverse-side planarizing of vias may be achieved in a simple and low-cost manner, which planarization enables the vias to be electrically connected by means of a deposited metalization without contact problems, since the contact areas lie absolutely flat in the surface.
With the above-described creation of vias, the production of 3 D stacks may thus be advantageously achieved by superimposing several substrates having vias such that the vias of the respective superimposed substrates are electrically connected. To this end, for example, metallic bumps may be produced on the deposited metalizations so as to achieve electric contact between the stacks disposed one on the other. In the present invention, electroplating is preferably a deposition of a solid material from a liquid electrolyte by supplying electrical direct current flowing from an electrode in the electrolyte via the electrolyte and into the seed layer also known as galvanic deposition.
These and other features of the present invention will become clear from the following description of taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing, in which
A first fundamental embodiment of the present invention will be explained below with reference to
In accordance with the invention and with reference to
In a subsequent step, a seed layer 114 is deposited on the first conductive layer 112, see
Seed layer 114 may also include a multiple-layer structure, an outer layer serving as the starting layer for electroplating, whereas one or several layers of the multi-layer structure may include a barrier material, preferably a metallic barrier material. When using a copper starting layer, a barrier material which is particularly Well suited is a stack of TaN/Ta or Ta/TaN. A particular advantage of the present invention is that the first conductive layer 112 serves as the conducting layer in electroplating, so that the seed layer 114 does not need to meet any requirements with regard to an electric current conduction. In particular, seed layer 114 may be configured to be very small, down to a thickness of only several layers of atoms.
The inventive method is particularly suited for fully filling via holes which, in particular, have a high aspect ratio.
The inventive method thus enables the production of vertically arranged contact structures which may have a diameter of 5 μm to 50 μm and extend, in the vertical direction, to a depth of 20 μm to 200 μm. Therefore, the method described is particularly suited with regard to the requirements placed by the semiconductor industry with regard to the production of vias in silicon wafers, which are thinned to a thickness of 20 to 200 μm.
As an alternative to the above-described production of the contact both in the opening and on the main surface, masked electroplating may also be used, so that the contact is produced only in predetermined areas, i.e., for example, in the opening 110. After the contact structure 116 has been produced on the structured surface 100 a, a planarization may be performed.
With reference to
Subsequently, the first conductive layer, which comprises tungsten, and the seed layer are produced, as is described With reference to
Subsequently, the contact structure 116 is produced by means of the above-described electroplating. In this embodiment, copper is electroplated, so that the contact structure 116 is formed of copper. After filling up the substrate openings by means of electrolytic depositions, the material of the contact structure 116 which is not required is removed from the flat surface of the substrate wafer. This will be explained below using a CMP process. Here, the CMP process, which is used in standard copper metalization, may preferably also be used for this embodiment, too. For the filling of the substrate vias, the contact structure 116 deposited includes a very thick layer, depending on the filling process. These very thick layers may influence the polishing properties in the CMF process in a clearly adverse manner. In the process, the layer stack produced is advantageously used as the stop layer. Due to the advantageous use as the polishing stop, underlying layers stemming from previous manufacturing steps are protected against uncontrolled polishing. The stack layer Ti/TiN/W or remainders thereof may be removed by further processes integrated into manufacturing, in a manner which is selective with regard to the lower insulating layer 224, which is an oxide layer, for example. Here, additional auxiliary layers, such as silicon nitride, may be dispensed with. Likewise, expensive masked electroplating is not required. Even though in this embodiment, the stack of barrier layers represents the polishing stop, a selective front-side removal of the contact structure 116 may be achieved, in other embodiments, in that the first conductive layer 112, which comprises a layer of tungsten, represents a stop layer.
With reference to
With reference to
As can be seen in
In order to electrically connect the reverse-side contacts which have been polished to be flat, or plane, a metalization is deposited in a subsequent step. To produce an RF ground connection it is only required to produce a layer, the whole area of which is deposited in a homogeneous manner Since the contact areas lie absolutely flat in the surface due to the method described, no contact problems whatsoever, which may be associated with a lack in coverage of steps, will arise.
The metalization 306 may comprise, as a contact material, metals or compounds which react only to a limited extent with copper, such as Ti, Cr, W, Ta, TiW, TiN, TaN. These may be combined, in addition, with further metals which comprise a good conductivity or are solderable, depending on the further processing envisioned. In particular, contact bumps may be provided for forming three-dimensional stacks so as to achieve an electrical contact between different substrates of a three-dimensional stack. Even though it has been described, in the above embodiment, that the depth of the substrate via is 100 μm, it may be clearly less or clearly more than 100 μm in other embodiments. In addition, the width and/or the diameter of a substrate via may preferably be 10 μm, whereas they may be clearly less or clearly more than 10 μm in other embodiments.
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Cost of Baja 500
View Single Post
Bad Monkey Racing
Joined: Jan 2005
Location: Indpls, IN
Oddometer: 1,374
Originally Posted by
You can rent complete packages for the Baja 500 that includes support trucks with drivers, pre-run bikes, new Honda race bike, Honda Pits (the best), hotels, etc... for around $8000.
All you have to do is fly in, pay attention, have a clue what you're getting into, and be safe.
For 1st time Baja racers who are new to Baja (even local) renting is a great way to learn and be walked thru it.
For teams located a great distance away it's a fantastic way to get it done.
But what would I know.....
(thanks PackMule and WONB2K!)
I 2nd, 3rd, and 4th this motion. This is how we did Baja the first couple times we did it......it truley is priceless, it is as close as mere mortals are going to get to feeling like a factory racer. Plus it gives you more time to take everything in and actually enjoy yourself knowing all your logistics are taken care of, right down to the best fish taco stand
Actually going back to baja for the MEX1K and still using Bajabound, they are great!
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- Financial Information and Services
CCNY Appoints New Deans for Humanities and Education
The City College of New York announced today that Dr. Eric Weitz, an internationally recognized scholar of modern European history, has been appointed Dean of Humanities and the Arts and that Dr. Mary Erina Driscoll, currently chair of the Department of Administration, Leadership and Technology at NYU's Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, will become Dean of the School of Education. CCNY Provost Martin Moskovits announced the appointments.Read More »
Technology Eases Migraine Pain in the Deep Brain
A team of researchers that includes Dr. Marom Bikson, associate professor of biomedical engineering in CCNY's Grove School of Engineering, has shown that a brain stimulation technology can prevent migraine attacks from occurring.Read More »
CCNY Robotics Professor Receives NSF Commercialization Grant
Dr. Jizhong Xiao, assistant professor of electrical engineering in CCNY's Grove School of Engineering was awarded a six-month, $50,000 commercialization grant from the National Science Foundation Innovation Corps (I-Corps) program. Professor Xiao will use the award to assess the commercial readiness of the City-Climber, a mobile robot capable of climbing walls and running along ceilings.Read More »
CCNY Art Lecturer Tom Thayer Exhibits in Whitney Biennial
Tom Thayer, a lecturer in The City College of New York art department, is one of 51 American artists participating in the 2012 Whitney Biennial. The biannual exhibition, which takes place at the Whitney Museum of American Art and runs through May 27, gauges the current state of contemporary art in the United States.Read More »
Mitchell B. Schaffler Named CUNY Distinguished Professor
Dr. Mitchell B. Schaffler, Wallace H. Coulter and Presidential Professor of Biomedical Engineering in CCNY's Grove School of Engineering and Director of the New York Center for Biomedical Engineering, has been named a CUNY Distinguished Professor. The CUNY Board of Trustees approved the appointment at its February 27 meeting.Read More »
CCNY Professor to Test Monoclonal Antibodies as Ovarian Cancer Diagnostic Reagent
MabCure Inc., (OTCBB:MBCI) a leading developer of antibody-based technology for the diagnosis and treatment of ovarian, prostate, colorectal and other cancers, has retained the CUNY Center for Advanced Technology (CUNY CAT) to evaluate its monoclonal antibodies against ovarian cancer cells as diagnostic reagents. The work will be performed in the laboratory of Professor Paul Gottlieb of The City College of New York's Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education.Read More »
Chemist Ruth Stark Receives Sloan Public Service Award
Dr. Ruth Stark, distinguished professor of chemistry and acting dean of science at The City College of New York, is one of six extraordinary city employees to receive the 2012 Sloan Public Service Award. She was recognized Wednesday, March 14, at two ceremonies- on the CCNY campus and at Cooper Union- and was presented with the $10,000 prize that accompanies the award.Read More »
Could a NOSH-Aspirin-a-Day Keep Cancer Away?
The humble aspirin may soon have a new role. Scientists from The City College of New York have developed a new aspirin compound that has great promise to be not only an extremely potent cancer-fighter, but even safer than the classic medicine cabinet staple.Read More »
Carbonized Coffee Grounds Remove Foul Smells
For coffee lovers, the first cup of the morning is one of life's best aromas. But did you know that the leftover grounds could eliminate one of the worst smells around – sewer gas?Read More »
Poorest Smokers Face Toughest Odds for Kicking the Habit
Quitting smoking is never easy. However, when you're poor and uneducated, kicking the habit for good is doubly hard, according to a new study by a tobacco dependence researcher at The City College of New York (CCNY).Read More »
Robert Alfano Wins Inaugural Biomedical Optics Award
A scientific innovator from The City College of New York (CCNY) whose research unites the divergent fields of medicine, biology and high speed laser physics will be honored this month for his pioneering work in biomedical optics by SPIE, the international society for optics and photonics.Read More »


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Several times over the past few years, I've been told that my position is that there are no good reasons for ever leaving the Church, that people who claim that they have historical or intellectual or theological problems that they cannot resolve are lying, and that I believe that all apostasy comes from sin.
But, in fact, this is not and never has been my position. Never.
Once in a while, though, the following post from a message board, dated to 4 February 2005, is adduced as proof that Peterson speak with forked tongue, and that I do, in fact, deny the possibility of a loss of faith that is driven purely by intellectual concerns:
All of the following rests upon on the assumption that the Church is indeed God's true church, and that Mormonism is, in its essence, God's unique saving truth. (Without that assumption, the question seems somewhat pointless.)
From the perspective of eternity, there can be no legitimate reason for leaving the Church of God or for turning one's back upon God's revealed truth and will. Such a decision is simply and always wrong.
However, our knowledge here is limited, fragmentary, imperfect, and distorted. So it's possible that one can leave the Church for reasons that, given the flawed nature of our knowledge in mortality, genuinely appear to be good and sufficient. It's a matter of our perceptions.
But our perceptions are always colored by our own individual personal history, character, knowledge, ignorance, desires, mental and emotional health, ambitions, etc. So no decision to accept the gospel or to reject it is likely to be purely rational, uncolored by "personal" factors.
We can trust that God knows this and appreciates it far better than we do, and that, in his mercy, he will take such factors into account. Those who have sincerely done their best will, I believe, be blessed for it, even if they took mistaken detours. On the other hand, I wouldn't want to tempt God. And those who have lived carelessly, heedlessly, and cynically, are also living recklessly.
Having said all of this, I add for the record that my experience with friends, relatives, and acquaintances who have left the Church has been very similar to Beowulf's. [Beowulf was another poster on the thread.] I'm not sure if I know of a single case of purely intellectual apostasy.
Please notice how I nuanced my comments:
1. I prefaced them by expressly stating that what I was going to say presupposed the truth of the Church's claims. Another way of saying this is that I was speaking as a believer, assuming that my view of reality both in this life and in the world to come is accurate.
2. I said that there is no genuinely legitimate reason to give up faith in the Church's assertions "from the perspective of eternity." This is vital: Remember, I was presuming that Mormonism is true, and, accordingly, that the view from eternity also regards Mormonism as true. Thus, any reason for concluding that Mormonism is false must, given that assumption, ultimately be incorrect. And, in that sense, it cannot then ultimately be legitimate.
3. However, I then observed that, from the perspective of this world, reasons can and often do appear solidly grounded and fully legitimate, such that a person might sincerely believe them to be valid even if, from God's perspective, they're ultimately not.
4. I then indicated that, in my opinion, there are very few decisions or theoretical commitments, if any — whether for or against a religious doctrine, whether political or marital or philosophical or whatever — that are purely intellectual. My comment about being unsure that I've ever seen a case of "purely intellectual apostasy" should be understood with that proviso in mind. I'm not sure that I've ever seen a purely intellectual anything, except perhaps in symbolic logic and mathematics — though some have argued that even those fields may not actually constitute exceptions.
5. I also had in mind the many inactive Church members in my own extended family. Most haven't left for intellectual issues. If anything, I suspect that most of them probably still believe the Church to be more or less true. It simply isn't for them, as they see it. They're just not interested. They haven't concluded that the Book of Mormon is false or that Joseph couldn't read Egyptian or that the Kirtland Safety Society fiasco reflects poorly on him. They haven't thought about such issues. They haven't heard of the Kirtland bank failure. They just don't really want to be "churchy." I suspect that, by a very long distance, most inactive Church members are like this. Relatively few are tortured intellectuals going through an existential crisis. But that's a subordinate issue.
6. Finally, I professed faith in God's merciful judgment, which, I trust, will take our quirks and our psychological defects and our limited knowledge and so forth into charitable account.
I'm frankly mystified that, as recently as tonight, I've essentially been accused, on the basis of the passage above and over my protests, of unseemly zeal for condemning those whose faith is weak or who leave the fold, of claiming that they're all wicked and damned, that they cannot, ever, sincerely dissent from The Truth.
This is bizarre. If anything, I flirt with universalism. I don't feel even remotely qualified to pronounce upon the eternal fate of anybody. I love the comment from the late Pope John Paul II, when he was asked whether a Christian must believe that there is a hell. Yes, he replied. But we can hope it will be empty.


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Loan product developments in recent years have greatly expanded the options available for all home buyers. Today's loan programs offer borrowers opportunities to maximize buying power, save cash for repairs or improvements, or even buy a home with little down payment. Now we will discuss some of the ways buyers can take advantage of the expanding loan market to secure the best financing available today.
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We can pre-qualify you as a borrower without specific property information. In other words, your loan information is used for full underwriting and includes your employment information, asset information, and credit history. We can then pre-qualify you as a borrower, subject to a maximum loan amount, down payment, and interest rate.
Getting prequalified for a loan is critical in today's real estate environment. Many Realtors® do not want to accept offers from buyers unless they are pre-qualified for a home loan. By going through the loan process prior to signing a purchase contract on a home, you can eliminate all of the obstacles to borrowing without jeopardizing an actual purchase transaction. Once your loan is approved, your real loan closing will be quick and subject only to a satisfactory appraisal and title report on the home.
To begin the prequalification process you need to make some assumptions about your purchase price, loan amount, and loan program. Any of these assumptions can change once you've found your home, but it helps to do the following:
Complete your application for the maximum loan amount and purchase price that you're interested in. We can always change these later.
Get your loan approved at an interest rate that is somewhat higher than what you expect to get. Again, we can always change it later.
The prequalification of your loan will ensure that your real purchase will go smoothly once you have located the perfect home.
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No income verification mortgage loans
were very popular in the early 2000's. They provided loans to anyone with a certain credit score without verification of income. Generally these loans are used by self-employed borrowers who have difficulty verifying all of their income, or by borrowers with very complex income structures. These loans are high risk and many borrowers entered into loans that they were unable to repay. As a result, most all lenders have now removed no income verification loans as loan options.
Is it possible to get a Stated Loan still?
There are still lenders available that can provide a no income verification stated loan but they are harder to get. Typically, these loans are only available to the self-employed borrower and require a significant down payment. Additionally, the credit score of the borrower must be impeccable.
The loans are offered at much higher interest rates, many times making them unaffordable. For example, if rates are 6 percent, no verification loans rates can be 10 to 12 percent and thousands of dollars more to acquire. These high rates mean payments are higher and loans are typically unaffordable.
No Income Verification Loan Information
Make sure that you properly state your income. Many people were tempted by beautiful homes and stated they earned higher incomes than they actually made. This is one of the many reasons that so many loans defaulted.
Take an honest approach to income and debt. Be sure that you examine all additional fees, such as mortgage insurance, taxes, and fire insurance. In addition, factor in maintenance, utility costs, trash collection, and other fees associated with the home. Before you buy a home, be sure you know the full picture.
You may find it makes more sense to use a traditional loan and reap the benefits of the lower monthly payment they can offer. You may have to provide the lender with more documents, but it will usually save you thousands in interest and closing costs. Well help you compare the costs of a no verification loan to a regular loan, then ask for a needs list from your lender. The needs list will provide with a list of documentation required to qualify the loan. You may find the list might not be as long as you thought.
We will help you with your decision-making process and give you a comparison of programs and fees.
You can avoid mortgage insurance with 80/10/10 financing
One way to avoid having to pay mortgage insurance is to purchase a home with a combination first and second mortgage. The first mortgage would be limited to 80% of the home's appraised value. The second mortgage, which would close in conjunction with the first, would then provide for the difference between the home's purchase price, less the 80% first mortgage, less the down payment available. In other words, if you have a 10% down payment available, your first loan would provide for the 80% mortgage with a second mortgage of 10%. This is commonly referred to as an "80-10-10" transaction.
Another way to avoid incurring mortgage insurance payments is to find a lender that offers self-insured programs. This type of loan would typically have a higher interest rate in place of the private mortgage insurance premium. The decision of whether to obtain a loan with mortgage insurance versus the above two options should take into account the combined monthly payments of the various options, adjusted for the tax benefits of interest deductions.
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Mark Lowe Rumors
Minor Moves: Carter, Lowe, Rivero
Here are today's minor transactions, with the newest moves at the top of the post…
- The Cubs have agreed to a minor league contract with right-hander Anthony Carter, MLBTR's Steve Adams reports (Twitter link). The deal contains an invitation to the team's Spring Training camp. Carter, 28, has a 4.59 ERA, 7.6 K/9 and 2.61 K/BB rate over 680 1/3 career IP in the Padres, Red Sox and White Sox farm systems. He spent most of the 2014 season in Japan, posting a 3.97 ERA over 45 1/3 relief innings for the Nippon Ham Fighters.
- The Mariners announced the signings of right-hander Mark Lowe and infielder Carlos Rivero to minor league contracts. Lowe originally pitched for Seattle from 2006-10 and the veteran spent 2014 in the Indians' organization, a season that included an outright assignment to Triple-A and a 3.86 ERA over seven Major League innings. Rivero was originally claimed by Seattle off waivers from the Red Sox in November, and he's rejoining the M's after being non-tendered by the club earlier this month. Rivero made his Major League debut last season, appearing in eight games with Boston.
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Minor Moves: Reimold, Wilson, Cedeno, Bianchi, Pagnozzi
Here are Sunday's minor moves from around MLB:
- Diamondbacks outfielder Nolan Reimold has elected free agency, per the club's transactions page. After spending the first half of 2014 on the disabled list, Reimold, who turns 31 today, was released by the Orioles in July and promptly claimed by the Blue Jays where he batted .212/.283/.404. in 60 plate appearances. Reimold was then designated for assignment by Toronto in August and claimed by the Diamondbacks. The former top-100 prospect, who has been injury-plagued undergoing a pair of neck surgeries and an ankle operation, fared much better in Arizona, albeit in a smaller sample size, slashing .294/.278/.529 in 17 plate appearances.
- Catcher Bobby Wilson and infielder Ronny Cedeno have opted for free agency rather accept their outright assignment by the Diamondbacks to Triple-A Reno, according to the Pacific Coast League's transactions page.
- Infielder Jeff Bianchi and catcher Matt Pagnozzi have declared their free agency by refusing their outright assignment to Triple-A Colorado Springs by the Brewers, reports Tom Haudricourt of the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel.
- Other players declaring free agency who saw MLB action in 2014, per the PCL and International League transactions page, are: Ian Stewart (Angels), Justin Germano (Dodgers), Clint Robinson (Dodgers), Mark Lowe (Indians), Greg Dobbs (Nationals), Jason Pridie (Rockies), and Danny Worth (Tigers).
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Minor Moves: Julio DePaula, Mark Lowe
Here are today's outright assignments and minor transactions from around the league…
- Orioles right-hander Julio DePaula has cleared waivers and been assigned outright to Double-A Bowie, according to Baltimore's transactions page. DePaula didn't appear in a game with the Orioles after his brief promotion and was designated for assignment when Bud Norris returned from the DL earlier this week.
- Right-hander Mark Lowe has cleared waivers and accepted an outright assignment with the Indians, Chris Cotillo of MLB Daily Dish reports (on Twitter). The hard-throwing Lowe has a career 4.16 ERA with 7.7 K/9 and 4.2 BB/9 in 281 1/3 innings of relief work at the Major League level.
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Indians Designate Mark Lowe For Assignment
The Indians have designated righty Mark Lowe for assignment, the club announced via press release. Lowe, 31, was added on a minor league deal late in the spring.
Since a mid-season call-up, Lowe has allowed three earned runs in seven innings. But he also has as many strikeouts as walks, with six apiece, and has given up ten base knocks. Over 281 1/3 career frames, all as a reliever, Lowe owns a 4.16 ERA with 7.7 K/9 and 4.2 BB/9.
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Indians To Sign Mark Lowe
3:43pm: Lowe's deal includes an April 30th opt-out clause, and also allows him to leave for an MLB opportunity at any time, tweets Chris Cotillo of MLBDailyDish.com.
12:23pm: The Indians have agreed to sign reliever Mark Lowe to a minor league deal, reports Marc Topkin of the Tampa Bay Times (on Twitter). Lowe had been in camp with the Rays until he was released after learning he would not get an Opening Day roster spot.
Lowe had a tough go of things in a brief stint last year with the Angels, but had put up a 3.60 ERA across 2009-12. And the thirty-year-old righty has posted excellent strikeout tallies in the upper minors. In 10 1/3 spring innings with Tampa, Lowe surrendered only one earned run while striking out 12 and walking just one batter.
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AL East Links: Murphy, Romine, Rays, McGowan
MLBTR's Offseason In Review series continued earlier today with my look at the Orioles' winter moves, covering everything from the Ubaldo Jimenez and Nelson Cruz signings to the lack of progress on extensions for Chris Davis, J.J. Hardy and Matt Wieters. Here's some more from around the AL East…
- Yankees GM Brian Cashman told reporters (including ESPN New York's Wallace Matthews) that he's "hearing from a lot of people about" catchers John Ryan Murphy and Austin Romine. The Yankees have been shopping their catching depth for weeks, and now that Francisco Cervelli has won the backup job, Murphy and Romine could be more expendable. Cashman, however, doesn't feel pressure to move either players. "They're assets. We're not in any position where we have to do anything, but if something made sense, we'd consider it. But right now, we're happy with what we've got," Cashman said.
- Rays manager Joe Maddon told reporters (including Marc Topkin of the Tampa Bay Times) that he has informed Wilson Betemit and Jayson Nix that they won't be making Tampa's Opening Day roster, in order to give the two players extra time to find another Major League opportunity. The two veterans signed minor league deals with the Rays earlier this winter and have the ability to opt out, though Betemit told Topkin that he would play for Tampa's Triple-A affiliate if he couldn't find a roster spot elsewhere (Topkin believes Nix feels the same way).
- Mark Lowe is also open to returning to the Rays, the veteran right-hander tells Joe Smith of the Tampa Bay Times. Lowe's family lives in the Tampa area and he praised the Rays organization, saying that he would be willing to pitch at Triple-A unless, like Betemit and Nix, he finds a job with another team. The Rays granted Lowe his release earlier today after he was also told he wouldn't make the 25-man roster.
- The Blue Jays' decision to make Dustin McGowan their fifth starter raises concerns about whether McGowan is up to the task both performance-wise and health-wise, Sportsnet.ca's Shi Davidi writes. Since McGowan made the rotation almost by default given how the Jays' other options struggled, Davidi wonders "if he and the Blue Jays are playing a game of Russian Roulette with his career" by returning McGowan to a starting role before he's even fully stretched out. The injury-plagued McGowan missed three of the previous four seasons with shoulder and knee surgeries but pitched effectively over 25 2/3 innings out of the bullpen in 2013.
- Corey Brown didn't invoke the opt-out clause in his minor league contract with the Red Sox and will report to the club's Triple-A club, Peter Abraham of the Boston Globe reports.
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Full Story | 0 Comments | Categories: Austin Romine | Boston Red Sox | Dustin McGowan | J.R. Murphy | Jayson Nix | Mark Lowe | New York Yankees | Tampa Bay Rays | Toronto Blue Jays | Wilson Betemit
Rays Release Mark Lowe
The Rays have released reliever Mark Lowe at his request, reports ESPN.com's Jerry Crasnick (via Twitter). He had an opt-out clause that could be exercised this coming Friday.
Lowe, 30, had a strong spring for the Rays, allowing just one earned run in 10 1/3 innings while striking out 12 and walking just one batter. Of course, he struggled mightily in eleven MLB appearances last year for the Angels, issuing 8.5 free passes per nine against just 5.4 K/9.
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Full Story | 0 Comments | Categories: Mark Lowe | Tampa Bay Rays
AL East Notes: Rays, Lowe, Peralta, Napoli, Ortiz
If David Price isn't traded, "almost every baseball person one talks to mentions the Rays as the team to beat in the American League," Peter Gammons writes in his latest piece for his Gammons Daily website. Price has stayed in the fold despite multiple trade rumors this winter, with the Rays instead adding roster depth instead of moving another cornerstone player for prospects. The depth and continuity carrying over from 2013 is a big factor for Evan Longoria, who notes that "for the first time since I've been here, we have almost everyone back. We have a team that is going to play together two years in a row."
Here's some more from around the AL East…
- The Rays' "laid back environment" was a key reason why Mark Lowe chose to sign a minor league deal with the club, MLB.com's Bill Chastain reports. Lowe notes that his choice came down to the Rays and Indians this winter, as those were the two clubs who "pushed the hardest" for his services. Tampa manager Joe Maddon said that the Rays originally tried to sign Lowe during the 2012-13 offseason.
- Jhonny Peralta said the Yankees offered him a three-year contract and the opportunity to play third base, Mike Puma of the New York Post reports (Twitter links). The Yankees were Peralta's preferred Big Apple team since the Mets only offered him a two-year deal that Peralta described as "not really good." Of course, Peralta overcame the stigma of his 50-game PED suspension last season to sign a four-year, $53MM contract with the Cardinals as their everyday shortstop.
- Mike Napoli rejected a qualifying offer from the Red Sox last fall and the slugger felt the draft pick compensation limited his free agent options, Napoli tells Scott Lauber of the Boston Herald. "It's tough because it's kind of holding you back," Napoli said. "You get (to free agency) and it should be all the teams that want you. The way it is now, if a team doesn't want to give up a pick, they're not going to be interested." It ended up being something of a moot point for Napoli, as he openly wanted to return to Boston and re-signed for a two-year, $32MM deal.
- There isn't any new news about David Ortiz's contract talks with the Red Sox, Nick Cafardo of the Boston Globe reports. The two sides apparently haven't had any further negotiations since their initial meetings two weeks ago. (Cafardo shared some more items about the AL East in his regular Sunday column, as reported earlier.)
- Quintin Berry talks to WEEI.com's Rob Bradford about why he signed with the Orioles and how he appreciated his time with the Red Sox last season, though the Sox didn't push too hard to re-sign him. "Supposedly [they tried] a little bit, but I know they had a couple of things in mind they wanted to do, some guys they wanted to try and give experience to," Berry said. "So I just wanted to test the market and see what else I could do." Berry signed a minor league deal with the O's in January.
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Full Story | 26 Comments | Categories: Baltimore Orioles | Boston Red Sox | Cleveland Indians | David Ortiz | Jhonny Peralta | Mark Lowe | Mike Napoli | New York Mets | New York Yankees | Quintin Berry | Tampa Bay Rays
Minor Moves: Purcey, Lowe, Moore, Miller, Startup
Pour a tall cup of coffee and open up a Baseball Reference tab. It's time for this Saturday morning's minor moves, via the Pacific Coast League and International League transaction pages (except where otherwise noted) …
- The White Sox have signed lefty David Purcey to a minor league deal. The 31-year-old had rejected an outright assignment from the Sox in late October to become a free agent. Purcey made 24 apperances for the Sox's major league club in 2013, posting a 2.13 ERA but walking 6 batters per nine innings.
- The Dodgers signed first baseman/outfielder Jamie Romak to a minor league deal, according to MLBTR's Tim Dierkes (on Twitter). Romak's deal includes a July 1st opt out. The 28-year-old posted a .242/.322/.461 slash line with 22 homers in 134 games for the Cardinals' Triple-A affiliate last season.
- Right-handed reliever Mark Lowe, 30, has signed with the Rays, reports ESPN.com's Jerry Crasnick (via Twitter). Lowe was battered in just eleven appearances with the Angels last year, but posted a 3.60 ERA across 2009-12 and has continued to notch high strikeout totals while being stashed in the upper minors.
- The Cardinals signed third baseman Scott Moore, a thirty-year-old who has thrived at Triple-A but has yet to have a real shot in the bigs. Last year, over 485 plate appearances in the Oakland and San Diego organizations, he hit .271/.353/.448 with fourteen long balls. In his most extended MLB action, a 2012 stint with the Astros, Moore hit a more-than-respectable .259/.330/.448 with nine home runs in 228 plate appearances.
- Right-hander Jim Miller is back with the Yankees on a minor league pact after making just one MLB appearance last year, an ill-fated inning-and-a-third that resulted in three earned runs. The 31-year-old had been a solid member of the A's pen just one year prior, however, as he registered a 2.59 ERA in 48 2/3 innings for Oakland. Miller did flash a 13.1 K/9 rate during his 63 1/3 Triple-A innings last year, a somewhat intriguing mark given his manageable walk rates. Chris Cotillo of MLBDailyDish.com had the news first on Twitter.
- Lefty reliever Will Startup will stay with the Tigers after he notched a 3.41 ERA in 58 Double-A innings last year. Startup reached Triple-A as a 21-year-old back in 2006, but before joining Detroit had landed with the Sugar Land Skeeters in 2012.
- The Giants have inked two righties to minor league deals, bringing aboard Jason Berken and Daryl Maday. Berken, 29, has thrown in 110 MLB games, including 28 as a starter, and recorded a 5.36 ERA over 248 2/3 innings. He spent last year at the White Sox' Triple-A affiliate, where he managed a 3.80 ERA in 161 innings — all as a starter — and posted 6.5 K/9 against 2.6 BB/9. Meanwhile, at 28 years of age Maday has yet to see San Francisco, but will continue to keep the dream alive in the Giants system. He has bounced between Double-A and Triple-A since 2008, and now serves primarily as a reliever. Last year, Maday notched a cumulative 4.17 ERA in 49 2/3 innings, with 7.1 K/9 and 3.6 BB/9.
- The Pirates signed first baseman Miles Durham and catcher Francisco Diaz to minor league deals. At age thirty, Durham has spent his entire career in the Pittsburgh organization, other than a brief Independent League stint, and apparently served as a player-coach last season. Dia, 23, has all the markings of a light-hitting backstop (two career home runs in 1,115 plate appearances), though he has reached base at a productive clip in the low minors.
- Longtime Yankees farmhand Walter Ibarra has agreed to play short in the Cubs organization on a minor league pact. The 26-year-old reached Triple-A for the first time last year. Known for his defense, Ibarra failed to himpress with a cumulative .276/.308/.367 slash across 212 Double-A and Triple-A plate appearances in 2013.
- And the Nationals have reached agreement with a player by the name of Josh Johnson — not the starting pitcher, but the middle infielder and third baseman who has been in the Nats' system since 2010. Last year, playing at both of the two highest minor league levels, the 27-year-old Johnson put up an impressive .293/.390/.458 line in 300 trips to the plate. He was especially impressive in his short time at Syracuse, where he had a .924 OPS and was a perfect six-for-six in stolen bases in just 111 plate appearances. Washington also added catcher Sean McCauley to the fold on a minor league pact. The 24-year-old was brought back to professional baseball by the Nats last year in a coaching capacity after losing his career to injury.
- The Rangers have signed righty Zach Russell away from the Cards' system. The 24-year-old reliever topped out with a brief Double-A stint last year, but struggled there.
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Full Story | 0 Comments | Categories: Chicago Cubs | Chicago White Sox | David Purcey | Detroit Tigers | Jamie Romak | Jason Berken | Jim Miller | Los Angeles Dodgers | Mark Lowe | New York Yankees | Pittsburgh Pirates | San Francisco Giants | Scott Moore | St. Louis Cardinals | Tampa Bay Rays | Texas Rangers | Transactions | Washington Nationals
Mark Lowe Opts Out Of Contract With Nationals
Mark Lowe has opted out of his contract with the Nationals and is now a free agent, MLBTR has learned. The right-hander signed a minor league deal with Washington in June and already passed one opt-out date back on July 31. Lowe is represented by Frye McCann Sports.
Lowe has signed minor league deals (and parted ways) with three different organizations this season after signing with the Dodgers in February, the Angels in late March and then the Nats in June. The 30-year-old righty posted a 9.26 ERA over 11 2/3 relief innings with the Halos but was much more effective with the Nationals' Triple-A affiliate, posting a 3.14 ERA, 11.6 K/9 and 3.70 K/BB over 28 2/3 IP with Syracuse.
Prior to this season, Lowe had amassed a 3.94 ERA over 262 2/3 innings with the Mariners and Rangers from 2006-12. Over his career, he has held right-handed batters to a .223/.309/.332 slash line.
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Full Story | 0 Comments | Categories: Mark Lowe | Transactions | Washington Nationals


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Justin Bieber's name is attached to yet another traffic violation that he was not involved in.
Following the shocking paparazzo pursuit that ended in a fatality last month, one of the 18-year-old crooner's cars was stopped by police in the wee hours on Friday morning.
Again, it was his white Ferrari… According to E! News, cops pulled over the sports car around 12:30 a.m. on Sunset Boulevard. The driver was allegedly driving without a license.
Witnesses on the scene say that an unidentified man was behind the wheel, and a woman was in the passenger seat. Both occupants, along with the vehicle, were picked up by passengers of an SUV, assumed to be from Justin's team.
This, of course, is only one in a series of occurrences in the last year alone that should easily convince you to NEVER borrow a car from Bieber:
January 2, 2013: A paparazzi was struck while crossing oncoming traffic on the 405 freeway. He was returning to his car after photographing the same Ferrari. Bieber was not driving.
November 19, 2012: Bieber—this time he was driving—holds up traffic at one of the busiest intersections in West L.A. He was again being tailed by the paps. He felt the need to hold up everyone else's day to exchange yo' mama jokes with the photogs.
November 14, 2012: Cops pull over the Biebs for "an unsafe left and expired registration." He drove away with two citations—chump change.
October 3, 2012: Justin's chrome Fisker Karma was towed away during a Los Angeles performance at the Staples Center. He was parked at a nearby hotel in a 15-minute spot for six hours… Apparently, when you're as famous as Justin, minor things like a concept of time are way too trivial to bother with.
September 25, 2012: Rapper friend Sean Kingston borrowed JB's Fisker for a trip to BOA Steakhouse with a date. Except, trying to impress the lovely lady, he told reporters that Justin gifted the sick ride to him. Later, he confessed the truth… This has Ashton Kutcher rom-com written all over it.
August 31, 2012: Two paps crash into each other while pursuing Justin. Luckily, no one was hurt this time.
July 6, 2012: Justin was involved in a high-speed chase on the 101 Freeway in Los Angeles. Speeds got as fast as 90 mph. No one was hurt, but the photographer, Paul Raef, was charged with breaking the anti-paparazzi law. In retrospect, it served as a scary omen for the Jan. 2013 paparazzo death.


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Original recipe yields 12 servings
Amount per serving ({{servings}} total)
Based on a 2,000 calorie diet
Ready In
i can't say that i loved these, a little bland and too yeasty (if that is even a word). i will pass making these again and try something else.
I tried this recipe but just half because I only had one packet of yeast. It came out GREAT!!! My oldest son said it was better than at our favorite buffet restaurant so now I'm beaming! This i...


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Respond to Review of Laughing Seed Cafe
by cringer
Review: I have gone to Laughing Seed numerous times and most of the visits are usually negative. Either I have to deal with unfriendly staff, long wait, burnt food, or something. The only reason why I still kept going was for the seitan "fish" sandwich and now they have gotten rid of it. The food portions are so small that you leave hungry and it is very pricy for the "kids meal" you end of getting. I am glad there are other veg options around and that is why I haven't been back in almost a year. Im not planning on going back either.
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Member since Nov 2013
2 Curated Comments,
3 Total
I don't have an education in this field, but after reading pro/con articles for at least 7 years it is …
So, will all those anti's also be protesting gas stations?? I bet they drive. How about those clothes they're wearing...BT …


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Guitarist/singer/songwriter Keller Williams offers up a live, digital-only release titled REX (Live at the Fillmore). The recording captures a very special live performance by Grateful Grass - a project featuring Williams, Keith Moseley (The String Cheese Incident), and Jeff Austin (Yonder Mountain String Band) - performing not-so-traditional bluegrass versions of Grateful Dead favorites. The collection, recorded February 8, 2006 at Denver's
Dark Star Orchestra and The Grateful Web teamed up to provide a streaming video broadcast of May 4th, 2008's performance at The McDonald Theatre in Eugene, OR. Grateful Web will post the archive soon.
<<< ARCHIVE COMING SOON - check back for a link to the video file. >>>
We encourage you to leave comments on this page about the webcast experience you are having. Any suggestions and/or ideas are very much welcome!
On day 2 of my Magical Mystery Weekend I found myself somewhere I'd never been before – the shower. Wait, I mean Owsley's Golden Road in Denver, Colorado. Exactly what a little venue in a big city should be, Owsley's screams character from every angle. From the broke-ass stone edifice and multiple staging areas to the comfortably lit outdoor patio and a laxity towards the rules that the DEA might not entirely approve of, Owsley's is like a little slice of Amsterdam – completely laissez-faire. The biggest appeal to me was the two stages,
Alex Grey is an artist specializing in spiritual and psychedelic art (or visionary art) that is sometimes associated with the New Age movement. Alex Grey is a Vajrayana practitioner. His oeuvre spans a variety of forms including performance art, process art, installation art, sculpture, and painting. Grey is a member of the Integral Institute.
I arrived in the small town of Wilkesboro, North Carolina on Saturday morning. Wilkesboro is not the type of town you really notice or generally have any cause to stop in. In some many ways the town's 10,000 or so residents probably prefer it that way, you don't live in this kind of town if you like hearing your neighbor's TV at night. But last weekend was a weekend that you did want to pull off the highway, because just a few miles off the highway the country's top bluegrass and folk talents gathered to an adoring crowd that was more
The sixth annual 10,000 Lakes Festival (10KLF) held July 23-26 at the Soo Pass Ranch in Detroit Lakes, MN announces another round of artist confirmations by adding:
Deep Banana Blackout
Extra Golden
Papa Mali
New Primitives
God Johnson
Teeny-boppers made a comeback on Tuesday night at the Fox Theatre in Boulder for Rooney's 2008 tour, Calling the World. Rooney's all ages show brought in an eclectic mix of concert-goers: teenagers, college students, parents, and those oh so young pre-teens. Alabama band The Bridges, consisting of four girls and one guy, kicked off the night with a short set of folk, Dixie rock.
If the Bush administration and a Denver-based natural gas company get their way, Utah's remarkable Nine Mile Canyon may soon be transformed into a massive industrial zone.
Copyright © 1995 - 2015 Grateful Web, Inc. All rights reserved.


text: Boba Tea places are popping up all over LA and most of them are awful. This place is the best and very reasonably priced. It's also located near two dozen fantastic Asian eateries so it's a great place for an after dinner sweet or killing time while waiting for your number to be called at one of... read more


text: Kitten and Cat Face Off in Most Adorable Battle of Our Time 9 Laura BeckProfileFollowUnfollow Laura BeckFiled to: sque kittens cats 10/24/13 6:30pmEditDelete Invite manuallyPromoteXDismissXUndismissBlock for jezebelHideShare to KinjaShare to PinterestGo to permalink You know, I am a dog person, but nothing beats a kitten. Except maybe a cat. Good luck, kitten. 9 30Reply 30Discuss


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I've been reading "The Elements of Color" by Johannes Itten:
"Between black and white there throbs the universe of chromatic phenomena. So long as we can perceive them and recognize their relationships; their inner essence remains concealed from our understanding, and must be grasped intuitively. Hence rules and formulae can be no more than signposts on the way to color fulfillment in art.
In his Trattato della Pittura, which sets up a formidable array of rules for painters, Leonardo (Da Vinci) remarks, "Didst thou attempt to create by rule, thou shouldest accomplish nought, but devise only confusion." Thus he relieved his readers once more of the encumbrance of knowledge, and encouraged them to follow their intuition.
It is not the means of expression and representation that count in art, but the individual in his identity and humanity. First comes the cultivation and creation of the individual; then the individual can create."
Interesting focus, thorugh the archaic English, on individuality.


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Arrest made in Heritage High threat
Posted: April 14, 2014 at 4:14 p.m.
Police arrested a 15-year-old boy Monday in connection with a threatening message found April 11 in a boy's bathroom at Rogers Heritage High School, according to a news release from police.
The threat wasn't specific and didn't mention any specific students, according to the news release.
The boy was arrested in connection with felony communicating a false alarm. Police are still investigating other incidents of threatening messages left in school bathrooms, which don't appear connected.
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The Apple iPhone 6 release date is rumored for September which means that we may not get our first official glimpse at the iPhone 5s successor for several months. However, thanks to leaks and designers, consumers have been treated to a possible glimpse at the rumored iPhone 6 design and a look at how it […]
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The Samsung Galaxy S5 may have replaced the Samsung Galaxy S4 as the company's flagship but the Galaxy S4 is still widely available and remains a solid choice for those that either don't need top of the line hardware or don't want to shell out the big bucks. There are, however, some devices we think […]
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The iPhone 4s is still widely available and it remains Apple's cheapest smartphone option through its retail stores. With an iPhone 4s iOS 8 update likely, the aging smartphone remains a tempting option for those that don't want to break the bank. There are, however, some devices that we think consumers should check out before […]
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