text:
Jeb Bush Says History Will Be Kind to George W.
"In his four years as president a lot of amazing accomplishments took place," said Jeb Bush, the son of former President George H.W. Bush, during an interview on NBC's Meet the Press. "So my guess is that history will be kind to my brother, the further out you get from this and the more people compare his tenure to what's going on now."
Former Florida Gov. Jeb Bush discusses the shifting statistics of the Republican party.
The 43rd president has largely stayed out of the spotlight since leaving office. After presiding over broad public discontent over the Iraq War and a flailing economy, George W. Bush left the White House with poor approval ratings and was notably unpopular even within his own party.
Here's the truth that never gets mentioned, it seems: George W. Bush was more popular when he governed like a Republican, and he lost his popularity when he governed like a statist democrat. "Too Big To Fail" started the final, irreversible downslide.
The bit of evidence that is most charitable to the theory that Bush eroded his popularity & credibility because of his conservative credentials, rather than in spite of them, is the nation's festering distaste for the Iraq war. But today, we know that anti-war feeling was only fashionable as long as a Republican was in the White House. Someone, somewhere, has decided that with Emperor Barry in charge, vaporizing terrorists with drones is cool again.
Apart from that, why else do people "hate Bush"? A bunch of democrat-friendly things. Medicare Part D. No Child Left Behind. Budget after budget passed, bigger every year, with no veto. Illegal immigrants do the jobs Americans won't do.
I honestly don't know why Republican officials seem to think they can recapture or build up their momentum by governing like democrats. This is something that has never worked. Ever.
But you know, you ask the loud people who are insistent on having the last word all the time, why George Bush was so loathed. You get back two answers: Lied about WMDs as a pretext for war in Iraq, and tax cuts for the rich. These are not grassroots answers; let's be clear about that. Real people don't use the word "pretext." And real people don't hate freedom.
I think, overall, Jeb's going to be right on this. He is already. Who wouldn't like 4.6% unemployment, gas two-something a gallon, and a AAA credit rating for the country right now?
The "George W. Bush was the worst president ever" thing has already aged about as well as a pack of halibut someone forgot to put in the fridge.
Cross-posted at House of Eratosthenes.
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33 year old woman | Miami Beach, FL, USA | Seeking men 30-50 in United Kingdom
You only live once!
Im an independent woman, but still I want to share my thoughts etc with someone I find very special. Im born in Stockholm, Sweden but travels a lot. For the moment I�m based in Stockholm for th moment but are looking into moving somewhere i europe, preferably the UK. I love going out for dinners with friends, dress up and chitchat about life and its challenges. traveling is another thing I do a lot. I have a bachelor in Fashion economics. For the moment I?m getting inspired to set up something by myself, so we will see where that takes me! Anyway, I�m looking for a gentleman, someone with ambitions, actually its a must: ) someone I can trust and has a great understanding about what he wants in life, a gentleman, someone that is happy and easygoing .. That can make me laugh and make me interested in his life!! It doesnt have to be as serious as it all sounds, it might be you im looking for; ) x
Coffee and conversation , Dining out , Movies/Videos , Museums and art , Music and concerts , Exploring new areas , Nightclubs/Dancing , Shopping/Antiques , Travel/Sightseeing , Wine tasting
Aerobics, Cycling, Other types of exercise, Skiing, Swimming, Walking / Hiking, Yoga
I exercise 1-2 times per week.
I have Dogs
Middle of the Road
Shantaram Vogue UK
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|5'6" (167cms)
|5'11" (180cms) to 6'11" (210cms)
|Body type:
|About average
|About average
|No preference
|No preference
|No Way
|No preference
|Social Drinker
|Social Drinker
|I'll tell you later
|No preference
|I'll tell you later
|No preference
|Never Married
|No preference
|Have kids:
|Yes, and they live at home (1)
|Yes, and they sometimes live at home, No, Yes, and they live away from home, Yes, and they live at home
|Wants kids:
|Definitely, Someday
|White / Caucasian
|No preference
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|English, Swedish
|Bachelors degree
|Associates degree, Bachelors degree, Graduate degree, PhD / Post Doctoral

subset: commoncrawl


text:
From School Library Journal
Copyright 1997 Reed Business Information, Inc. --This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title.
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Nice looking book. My 2 year old was bored when we read it. I think 4 yrs old and older would appreciate it more.Published 11 months ago by Roxanne Bertoni
you will love this very cute book with lively illustrations and the illustrator created great expressions for the dinosaurs. Read morePublished 13 months ago by SAC
Fun countdown rhyming dinosaur book. Bright illustrations. Fun little surprise at the end with a mighty roar required from the audience.Published 19 months ago by Amanda
The little boy I nanny for is absolutely in love with dinosaurs and loves being read to. I bought this as a change up from "How Do Dinosaurs..." series. Read morePublished on December 12, 2012 by Jess
Easy to read, large print, colorful pictures! My 3 year old can read some of the words and knows what's going to happen next! Perfect length for a bedtime story!Published on November 27, 2012 by Katherine E Cross


text:
Written on: 28/02/2013 by captain-scarlet (1 review written)
In the past I'd been bitten a bit, although mozzies seem to prefer nibbling my wife!
However, decided to give this a try as an alternative to the nasty deet stuff, and was pleasantly surprised at how effective it was.
It smells fine, so putting it on wasn't unpleasant like other sprays and it kept the mossies at bay for my whole family (mum, dad and 2 young children).
Very pleased with my purchase, just wish there was something like it as a suncream/aftersun.
" Waste of money " Read More
Written by Missc1961
" Didn't work for me " Read More
Written by Ziggy89
" Burns very fat " Read More
Written by Twoguystraveling
" It works ok without the greasy felling. " Read More
Written by josecarlosmeza
" It works! " Read More
Written by jameswebber


text:
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text:
Adorn yourself in fine beads because you'll be the chief of the tribe wearing this Indian Chest Plate. Lovely white and brown tribal beads resemble the natural materials used many years ago such as bones and wood. So drape yourself in this neck piece and make orders!
Hone your stealth skills on Halloween and show off your many talents in this intricately detailed Ice Dragon Ninja boys costume. The black jumpsuit of this ninja costume comes complete with a black hood, a silvery gray EVA mask, arm guards, leg ties and an elaborate black and silver EVA chest plate.
Show off your brawn on Halloween when you dress in this Roman Warrior Adult Mens Costume. The authentic looking tunic comes complete with a chest plate, matching pants and arm cuffs. Conquer the night on your own!
Stake your claim, defend your land and hold your own on Halloween in this Indian Brave child costume. The brown and tan tunic feature fringe detail and comes complete with pants, boot covers, waist sash, headpiece with feathers and a beaded chest plate. It's great for Thanksgiving festivities too!


text:
81 Honda CM 400 T discussion forum:
RE: ignition problems
|RE: ignition problems
|dontasmebro said 2008-10-14 06:47
Sounds like the coils in the stator are heating up and cutting out. Either that or the SCR\´s in the CDI module are going bad. Any way , your right its ignition. Spark plug coil primary should be less than an Ohm. Thats the two small wires, not the spark plug wires.
I don\´t recognize the model number of motorcycle. If it has a CDI module with the part number TIA10-20. I\´ve got one.
|Answer this message Show discussion overview
Enter a comment or answer to this messageWe invite you to introduce yourself by a few sentences if you are new to this discussion group. Enter your e-mail to join the forum and get notifcations of new messages. Or post your question, answer or comment as a guest. We have just improved this discussion forum and expect the number of users to increase.
More 1981 Honda CM 400 T informationOur discussion groups are intended for short messages. We also welcome more extensive motorcycle reviews.
Bikez also recommends that you check out the technical data and the riders' rating for the 81 Honda CM 400 T. You can also rate it yourself. Use our efficient motorcycle classifieds to sell or buy this bike. Your motorbike gets a high quality presentation. Ads are free.
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29 year old woman | Altadena, CA, USA | Seeking men 26-36 within 15 miles
Looking for new adventure!
I have moved around quite a bit over the last 7 years but have returned to LA and am glad to be back. I have recently ventured into the world of Real Estate. I am an assistant to an Agent. It is not the route I thought I would end up going, but I enjoy what I do and I work for a great person, and I count myself pretty lucky to have found that. I am looking for someone to try new things with. Someone with direction and passion and who enjoys life. I love to get dressed up and go out, as well as spend the night watching movies at home. I am pretty comfortable in who I am want someone who feels the same.
Book club , Cooking , Dining out , Movies/Videos , Museums and art , Music and concerts , Exploring new areas , Playing cards , Political interests , Travel/Sightseeing , Volunteering
Aerobics, Baseball, Basketball, Billiards / Pool, Bowling, Dancing, Football, Soccer, Swimming, Walking / Hiking, Yoga
I exercise 1-2 times per week.
I have Dogs
Very Liberal
I love a good gastro pub or dive bar, Old town Pasadena, any where I can get to by taking the metro (driving is over rated!)
Music, I go to concerts whenever I can, I just recently went to go see Queens of the Stone Age. I love to bake, and am pretty good at it. Chocolate, sushi, and Mexican are my three favorite foods. New favorite drink is a Moscow Mule, so refreshing!
Lately all my "fun" time has gone towards bridal showers, baby showers and dress shopping (oh the life of bridesmaid!) But ordinarily, I like to go see movies, try new restaurants, hop on the train and head to Little Tokyo, go to concerts.
I just finished "Let's Explore Diabetes with Owls" by David Sedaris and it was funny and random and I loved it!
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
|What she is looking for
|5'4" (162cms)
|5'6" (167cms) to 8'11" (271cms)
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|Dark brown
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|Social Drinker, Regularly, Moderately
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I am the administrative assistant to a real estate agent.
|$35,001 to $50,000
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|Latino / Hispanic, White / Caucasian
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I got my BA in Global Studies


text: When Nick Abbott tries to encourage middle school and high school students to get involved with weightlifting, the questions he poses are hard to say no to. Want to run faster? Check. Outmuscle opponents? Yes again. "When I ask the kids if they want to run faster, move quicker, jump higher, hit ...Read More


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GREGG COUNTY — A convicted sex offender has been arrested and charged with failure to register as a sex offender. Jesse Christian, 32, Fort Worth, was arrested by Longview Police and Gregg County Sheriff's Deputies on charges of forgery of a financial instrument and a Dallas County warrant for failing to register annually as a sex offender. Christian was held in the Gregg County Jail Saturday on bonds totaling $55,000.
Posted/updated on: August 12, 2014 at 2:12 am


text:
not all those who wander are lost | two earthlings ride around the world
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Beastly Adventurer
Joined: Jul 2012
Oddometer: 1,185
Fabulous update! I know it's tough to keep up your high standards of writing and photography but let me tell you they are greatly appreciated. This is an epic story....the first trip ended by a wreck that destroyed the bike but left you two unhurt....returning home broken but unbowed.....and then the long process to rebuild the bike.....hold on to your relationship.....and then start out on "part 2"! It's an amazing, inspiring story. Others have written of the kindnesses and friendships they've encountered along the road, but few, if any, I'd venture, have captured the essence of those experiences in such a lucid, insightful way. Thanks! I'm guessing you're either on your way to Portugal or are already there hunkering down for the winter. Hope your ride over from Vienna was (is) smooth but fun. Hope the bike's been cured of its ills. If you haven't hit France yet, and your route takes you near Grasse, the Gorge du Verdon is an awesome piece of road/views. Eagerly awaiting the next update!
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text:
In so doing, you discover, you bring so much more to the table now that the notion of lost time is a moot one.
As they continue the search, Clive Irving explains why the black box might be a moot point—and why Airbus is worried.
Which is why the third of the Journal editorial's three key paragraphs is moot.
"assembly of freemen," mid-12c., from Old English gemot "meeting" (especially of freemen, to discuss community affairs or mete justice), "society, assembly, council," from Proto-Germanic *ga-motan (cf. Old Low Frankish muot "encounter," Middle Dutch moet, Middle High German muoz), from collective prefix *ga- + *motan (see meet (v.)).
"debatable; not worth considering" from moot case, earlier simply moot (n.) "discussion of a hypothetical law case" (1530s), in law student jargon. The reference is to students gathering to test their skills in mock cases.
"to debate," Old English motian "to meet, talk, discuss," from mot (see moot (n.)). Related: Mooted; mooting.


text:
1890 $1 PR67 Cameo PCGS....
2012 February 2-5 US Coins Signature Auction- Long Beach #1167
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PR67 Cameo 1890 Silver Dollar1890 $1 PR67 Cameo PCGS. We have made the point before that, even though Heritage is privileged to usually offer a good selection, any Gem proof Morgan dollar is a rarity, with only a few hundred examples of all dates certified in PR65 each at PCGS and NGC. The certified populations, of course, thin markedly above that grade. This PR67 Cameo 1890 Morgan dollar is one of only four such pieces certified at PCGS, with a single PR68 Cameo finer (1/12). The surfaces are brilliant silver-white, sharply contrasted and deeply mirrored, and the strike is impeccable throughout. Collectors seeking an optimal piece for type purposes would do well to give this coin a long, hard look.(Registry values: N4719) (PCGS# 87325)
Impeccable Strike and Surfaces
Impeccable Strike and Surfaces
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text: OverviewBack to top Naturade - Veg Protein Booster Natural Flavor - 15 oz. Item# :74828UPC# :079911025129 Brand:Naturade Size/Form:15 oz. Ship Weight:1.15 Dosage:0.33 Cup(s) Naturade Veg Protein Booster Natural FlavorNaturade Veg Protein Booster is an important product for people who exclude meat and dairy from their usual diet. Naturade Veg Protein Booster supplies a unique combination of all-vegetable proteins plus lysine and methionine to match the amino acid profile of animal protein and assure that you get all the essential amino acids your body can't produce on its own. It's fortified with vitamin B-12 and calcium, nutrients commonly missing in the vegetarian diet. This all-natural Naturade Veg Protein Booster product has absolutely no animal, egg or dairy derivatives. One 8 oz. serving of Naturade Veg Protein Booster supplies 23 grams of soy protein to help you fight America's number 1 killer of both men and women. The Food and Drug Administration has agreed that 25 grams of soy protein daily may reduce the risk of heart disease when used in a diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol. Over 40 clinical studies have shown that soy protein helps lower total and LDL cholesterol. Other studies suggest soy protein benefits in easing the transition through menopause and in supporting bone health. Naturade's Identity Preservation (IP) process assures you that the genetic integrity of our soybeans has been maintained throughout planting, harvesting and processing—just as nature intended. And Naturade Veg Protein Booster is formulated with high grade soy protein isolate without the extra fat or aftertaste of whole soybeans so you can confidently add protein to the foods and drinks you prepare with no carbohydrates and no added sugar. About Naturade A Natural Commitment Since 1926. Naturade's commitment to quality is long known and well regarded, not only as a good example in the health industry - but as a standard of excellence that reflects Naturade's sense of dedication to their profession. Naturade's priority and standard of excellence demands effective, nutritional quality controls. This quality control is integrated through every phase of product development and production. Naturade's commitment inspires us to pursue more and more advanced technology to ensure the highest quality possible.Naturade's Working Relationship With NatureNaturade looks to our world for their source of nourishment on every level imaginable. From nature's own medicinal cornucopia of herbs, roots and wildflowers, to important natural enzymes extracted from vegetables and a multitude of other natural sources. For seven decades now, the company has developed a range of beneficial products that improve health and beauty by restoring the natural balance between nutrients and foodstuffs. Naturade offers a healthier way of life naturally.


text:
Market depth information pertaining to the hedging side is utilized to intelligently break a non-hedging order into multiple orders, such that the orders rest at cascading price levels. This way, the trader can benefit from sweeps in the book and still properly accound for the market depth on the hedging side. Further, there is a greater probability of receiving "partials" on the spread order. In addition, hedge orders may be sent at multiple price levels, or sent to the market in pieces over time. By applying a more intelligent process to hedge orders (as opposed to "fire and forget") an alternative beyond limit orders that can be leged or market orders is provided.
1. A system for trading at an electronic exchange, the system comprising:
a trading device adapted to receive a definition for a spread to electronically trade between a first tradeable object and a second tradeable object, wherein the first tradeable object and the second tradeable object are listed at an electronic exchange, the trading device further adapted to receive a desired spread price to buy or sell a designated quantity of the spread, the trading device further adapted to determine a first total quantity to buy or sell the first tradeable object and a second total quantity to buy or sell the second tradeable object based on the designated quantity, the trading device further adapted to generate a plurality of orders to buy or sell the first total quantity of the first tradeable object, wherein each of the plurality of orders comprises a different price level based on a market price in the second tradeable object, the desired spread price, and quantity available at specific price levels comprising the market price in the second tradeable object, the trading device further adapted to assign a quantity to each of the plurality of orders based on the quantity available at the specific price levels in the second tradeable object such that the quantity assigned to the plurality of orders comprises the first total quantity, the trading device further adapted to send the plurality of orders to the electronic exchange.
2. The system of
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This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/955,289 filed Sep. 30, 2004, the contents of which are fully incorporated herein by reference.
The present invention relates generally to data processing systems for use in electronic trading and, more particularly, the present invention is directed to tools for use in electronic trading.
An automated trading tool gives a user the ability to set up a program that can respond automatically to patterns in market activity, and in response, submit orders directly to an electronic exchange. The use of such trading tools is on the rise and for good reason. Sophisticated trading tools can intelligently sense market conditions and automatically respond—often much faster than a human. Until recently, such sophisticated trading tools were only available to a limited number of people. Now, in a marketplace where automated programs commonly trade against automated programs, in those circumstances, a manual-style trader may find it difficult to survive without some kind of automated assistance.
Automated trading tools are frequently used to hedge, which is a trading strategy made to reduce the risk of adverse price movements in a tradeable object, by taking an offsetting position in the same or a related tradeable object. For instance, a trader might execute a trade in one market (e.g., the "non-hedging" side), with the intention of quickly offsetting that position in another market (e.g., the "hedging" side). An automated trading tool is what most often performs at least the latter function—offsetting the position by quickly firing an order to the hedging side once the non-hedging order is matched. Hedging also includes taking an offsetting position in the same tradeable object, such that the market represents both the hedging side and the non-hedging side.
A trader might use an automated trading tool in this way to trade a spread, which generally refers to the buying and/or selling of two or more tradeable objects, the purpose of which is to capitalize on changes or movements in the relationships between the tradeable objects. As used herein, the term "tradeable object," refers simply to anything that can be traded with a quantity and/or price. It includes, but is not limited to, all types of tradeable events, goods, and financial products. For instance, stocks, options, bonds, futures, currency, and warrants, as well as funds, derivatives and collections of the foregoing, and all types of commodities, such as grains, energy, and metals may be considered tradeable objects. A tradeable object may be "real," such as products that are listed by an exchange for trading, or "synthetic," such as a combination of real products that is created by the user. A tradeable object could actually be a combination of other tradeable object, such as a class of tradeable objects.
Here is an example to illustrate. Some traders trade one tradeable object—e.g., a trader might trade the September corn contract. That is, the trader is offering to buy or willing to sell the September corn contract, depending on his or her trading strategy. Likewise, a trader might trade the December corn contract. Some traders, however, trade more than one tradeable object at a time. For example, a trader might want to spread trade the September corn contract and the December corn contract. Buying the "September/December" spread refers to buying the September corn contract and selling the December corn contract. Selling the "September/December" spread refers to selling the September corn contract and buying the December corn contract. Spreading can also be done based on other relationships besides calendar months. One such example would be trading a 10-year note and a 5-year note. According to these examples given above, the spread has two legs. Legs refer to the portions of the trades associated with each individual tradeable object, which is also referred to as an outright market. For example, the "September/December" corn calendar spread has two legs, the September corn market makes up a leg and the December corn market makes up the other leg.
Spreads can have more than two legs. For example, a well-known spread strategy called the butterfly involves buying a near month contract, selling two middle month contracts, and buying a far month contract. An example might be buying "1" March corn contract, selling "2" June corn contracts, and buying "1" December corn contract. The butterfly spread strategy in this example has three legs. The March corn market makes up a first leg, the June corn market makes up a second leg, and the December corn market makes up a third leg. There are many other types of well-known spread strategies, besides the butterfly, which have more than two legs.
A commercially available trading tool that facilitates the automatic trading of spreads is Autospreader™ from Trading Technologies International, Inc. of Chicago, Ill. Once the legs of the spread are chosen and the relationship between them are defined, a user can input a desired spread price and quantity, and the Autospreader™ will automatically work orders in the legs to achieve the desired spread (or attempt to achieve the spread). The Autospreader™ is currently an add-on tool available with X_TRADER� Pro™, which is a trading application also available from Trading Technologies International, Inc.
U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/137,979, entitled, "System and Method for Performing Automatic Spread Trading," filed on May 3, 2002, the contents of which are fully incorporated by reference herein, describes one such automated spread trading tool. An example is provided herein to illustrate how an automated spread trading tool like that described in the above incorporated application might work. While the example illustrates hedging in a related tradeable object, the same concepts can be similarly applied to hedging in the same tradeable object.
The market information given in
The inside market for each tradeable object includes the best bid price (or the highest bid) and the best ask price (or the lowest ask). The best bid price represents the highest price any buyer is willing to pay for a given tradeable object at a given time, and the best ask price represents the lowest price any seller is willing to sell a given tradeable object at a given time. The quantity available at the inside market and at other price levels is referred to as market depth. Referring to
To begin, a trader will typically input certain parameters that the trader wishes to achieve by the spread trading tool, such as a desired spread price and a desired spread quantity. Then, the spread trading tool will use a predefined relationship of the spread to determine what actions to take next. As an example, let us assume that the desired spread price is "55" and the desired spread quantity is "750," although any price or quantity may be specified. In addition, let us assume that the trader wishes to sell the spread, which refers to selling "750" of product "1" and then, when that order is matched, the trader wishes to buy "750" of product "2." It is understood that the trader could choose a different spread price and/or spread quantity, and also the trader could set up the spread in a number of different ways (e.g., buying the spread, which refers to buying product "1" and selling product "2," etc.). Nonetheless, using the entered spread information, we will look at two different approaches generally taken by an automated spread trading tool.
The automated spread trading tool determines the price to sell "750" of product "1" by first determining the price would buy "750" of product "2." According to one approach (referred to as the "first approach" in
Unfortunately, there is not "750" available to buy at "242." Therefore, what would really happen is that the quantity at the next best prices (e.g., "243," "244," etc) would be bought up until the hedge order of "750" is filled. As a result, according to this example, the hedge order would actually average a price of "243," assuming that the market conditions did not change. The following relationship may be used to compute the average price at which "750" of product "2" could be bought:
According to another approach (referred to as the "second approach" according to
Unfortunately, in this instance, the nonhedging order is priced further off the market price in an effort to take into account the market depth. Because the non-hedging order is priced higher than market, it risks not being filled at all.
As automated trading tools become the norm in electronic trading, it is increasingly important to develop more intelligent tools to assist the trader in making the most desirable trades.
Many aspects of the present embodiments may be better understood with reference to the following drawings. The components in the drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon illustrating example embodiments.
The example system and method are appropriate for use in an electronic trading environment, and particularly when market depth is provided by the exchange in its data feed. The example system is configured to use the market depth information on the hedging side to make more intellegent decisions about the order entry on the non-hedging side. According to a particular embodiment, the order on the non-hedging side is broken up into multiple orders such that each order is automatically worked at cascading price levels. The quantity of each order is based on the desired quantity to be hedged and the market depth information on the hedging side. According to yet another particular embodiment, an order on the hedging side can also be intelligently broken up into multiple orders.
An advantage of using the example system is that there is an increased chance of achieving a desired spread price for at least those orders that have filled on the non-hedging side and the corresponding order(s) that have filled on the hedging side. By intelligently breaking up a quote into orders at cascading price levels based on market depth information on the hedging side, there is a better chance of receiving at least "partials" of the spread. That way, even if the entire original spread order was not achieved (e.g., because of changing market conditions), it maybe more likely that at least part of the spread will have been achieved for a price at or near the desired spread price.
A still further advantage is that the example system properly accounts for the quantity in the depth levels on the hedging side. Unlike other conventional automated trading tools, the example system can intelligently use this information in determining the price levels to place orders on the non-hedging side.
Another advantage is that the example system can also intelligently place orders on the hedging side. For instance, the example system allows for hedging at multiple price levels, or automate the hedging in smaller pieces over time. By applying a more intelligent approach to hedge orders (as opposed to the conventional process of "fire away and forget"), the example system offers an alternative beyond limit orders that can be legged or market orders.
Yet another advantage is that with manual-style trading there are physical limitations on the size and speed with which trades can be executed. Therefore, an advantage of using the example system is that trading efficiency can be greatly improved while offering increased reliability to achieve optimal results.
While the example embodiments are described in a particular area of electronic trading, namely spread trading, it will be understood by one of ordinary skill that the example embodiments may be embodied in many different forms to accommodate other styles of trading, and should not be construed as limited to the example embodiments set forth herein. Other features and advantages will become apparent to one with skill in the art upon examination of the following drawings and examples. It is intended that all such features and advantages be included within the scope of the present invention, and be protected by the accompanying claims. Further, it will be appreciated by those of skill in the art that the preferred system may be provided as methods or computer readable program means.
The electronic trading environment, as shown, generally includes computers that operate as the trading stations 208, 210, 212, electronic exchanges 202, 204, 206 and intermediary devices such as gateways 214, 216, 226 to interface with the exchanges 202, 204, 206. Networks 220, 222, 224, 226 are shown to illustrate the paths of communication between the various elements. It is understood that other hardware and software packages can lie between the trading stations 208, 210, 212 and the electronic exchanges 202, 204, 206. These may include third-party machines and devices, third-party networks, hardware and/or software configurations specific to the customer site and security measures like firewalls, hubs, security managers, and routers. It is also understood that fewer hardware and software packages might be utilized between the trading stations 208, 210, 212 and the electronic exchanges 202, 204, 206. For instance, a gateway may not be necessary in some circumstances for a trading station to communicate with an electronic exchange, or alternatively, a single gateway could communicate with multiple exchanges.
Software running on any of the trading stations 208, 210, 212 and the gateways 214, 216, 218 allow traders to log onto the electronic exchanges 202, 204, 206 to receive price and market depth information. A trading station is a computer such as a personal computer, laptop computer, hand-held computer, and so forth that runs trading related software and communicates with electronic exchanges 202, 204, 206 either directly or indirectly. The trading software may create specialized interactive trading displays, which enable the traders to, among other things, obtain market quotes, monitor positions, and submit orders to the exchange.
Any of the trading stations 208, 210, 212 may utilize the example system and method to improve order entry by intelligently using market depth information.
Turning back to
Each electronic exchange offers a real-time data feed to the trading stations 208, 210, 212 that provides a certain level of detail on the trading activity. From such data, it is possible to reconstruct parts, if not most or all, of the exchange's order book. Such information may be looked upon as an expression of market sentiment and may provide strategic guidance for order placement. These data feeds may be monitored by the example system to automate the order generation process.
While the level of detail in the data feed often depends on the electronic exchange or the tradeable object being traded, most data feeds provide the total quantity available at each of the best prices. The highest bid price and the lowest ask price are referred to as the inside market. Market depth refers to the quantity at the inside market and quantity available at the next best prices. For instance, if an electronic exchange provides five levels of market depth in its data feed to its customers, then the aggregate quantity levels for the five best bids and the five best offers are offered in the data feed. Some electronic exchanges provide limited levels of market depth while others provide all of the market depth.
The following method is generally based on the premise that when using an automated spread trading tool, once an order in one leg is matched, the automated spread tool automatically offsets the filled order with a second order which is sent to the offsetting side (e.g., a second leg or opposite side of the market). This quick action in a conventional sense is sometimes referred to as "fire and forget." If the spread consists of more than two legs, then a different offsetting order might be sent to each of the offsetting legs. In the interest of clarity, the description of the example method assumes that the spread is made up of two legs, and that the price of the first order in the first leg (e.g., the non-hedging side) is based on the price at which the second order would get filled in the second leg (e.g., the hedging side), thereby achieving a certain spread price. The process can be easily adapted by one of skill in the art upon reading this description to implement spreads with more than two legs (or only one leg). In addition, there are many other ways to configure the spread than what is described in this example, which are known by one of ordinary skill in the art.
At block 400, a possible hedge order quantity ("hedge order qty") is received. If an automated spread trading tool is used, then usually the possible hedge order quantity is derived from a formula based on the desired spread quantity. Most often, the desired spread quantity is entered by the user through a graphical user interface (GUI). According to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/137,979, the contents of which were fully incorporated above, one method for entering the desired spread price and spread quantity is by entering a "spread order," which represents the desired spread price and quantity, into the trading interface. As an example, if the desired spread quantity is "100," and the two legs have a one-to-one ratio ("1:1"), then the hedge order quantity would also be "100" and the non-hedge order quantity would be "100." In another example where the ratio is "2:5" and the desired spread quantity is "100," then the hedge order quantity would be "100," but the non-hedge order quantity would be "40." An example is provided below that illustrates having a ratio other than 1:1. Of course, other relationships and ratios may apply. It is also understood that the possible hedge order quantity may be manually entered by a user through a graphical interface—e.g., the user wants to hedge "X" amount, where "X" represents any number. Regardless of how the hedge order quantity is actually determined, the value is preferably stored in memory 308.
At block 402, market depth information for the hedging side is received by the example system. As indicated earlier, when the spread is initially set up, the "legs" of the spread (e.g., the tradeable objects) are preferably chosen by the user. The selection of which may be used to determine which legs represent the hedging side and the non-hedging side. The example system may then use this information to retrieve the proper market depth information.
At block 404, the example system looks first to the quantity available at the relevant inside market price on the hedging side. Of course, the example system may be programmed to start at a price different than the market price, but most often the trader will want to look to the market price first. The spread definition may be used to determine whether the hedge order will be a buy or sell order, which then may be used to determine the relevant inside market price. For instance, if the hedge order will be an order to buy, then the relevant inside market price is the lowest ask price—and the example system will preferably look to the quantity available at the lowest ask price. If the hedge order will be an order to sell, then the relevant inside market price is the highest bid price—and the example system will preferably look to the quantity available at the highest bid price.
At block 406, the example system then determines if there is enough quantity at the relevant inside market price to fill a possible hedge order. In other words, is the hedge order size accounted for? As an example, if the hedge order quantity will be for "100," and the relevant inside market price has only "90" available, then there is not enough quantity to fill a possible hedge order quantity. However, if the inside market price has "100" or more, then presumably there would be enough quantity (at least for now). If there is currently not enough quantity to fill the hedge order, then follow the arrow to block 408. If there is currently enough quantity to fill a hedge order at the relevant inside market price, then follow the arrow to block 410. There might be times when the quantity level changes at the inside market or at any other price during these calculations; if so, then the example system can update these determinations accordingly.
At block 408, it is understood that there is not enough quantity at the relevant inside market price, so the example system looks further into the market depth—starting with the quantity at the next best price. It does this to find more quantity than what is currently available at the inside market to fill a possible hedge order. So, as an example, if the example system was looking at the highest bid price, then the logic will look to the quantity at the next highest bid price. If the example system was looking at the lowest ask price, then the logic will look to the quantity at the next lowest ask price.
Then, at block 406, the example system again determines whether there is currently enough total quantity at the inside market price and the next best price level(s) on the hedging side by summing the quantity at the inside market price and the next best price(s). As an example, if the hedge order quantity is for "100," and currently the inside market price has a quantity of "75," and the next best price has a quantity of "35," then together there would be enough quantity on the hedging to satisfy a possible hedge quantity of "100."
If there is not enough quantity, then return to block 408 and go the next best price—this process can continue indefinitely, if so programmed. If there is limited quantity available on the hedge side or the exchange provides few depth levels to determine this adequately, then preferably the user is alerted and the desired spread quantity can be reduced accordingly.
At block 410, the example system may respond by sending one or more orders to the non-hedging side, such that each order has a quantity based on the quantity found on the hedging side. If there was enough quantity at the relevant inside market price to fill a hedge order, then the example system does not have to break the order up into orders placed at cascading price levels. If the example system had to look further into the market depth, then two or more orders will preferably be sent to the non-hedging side. In particular, the example system breaks up the original quote into orders at cascading price levels, such that each order is for a quantity equal to a quantity available on the hedging side at a corresponding price. The total quantity of the orders should equal the desired hedge quantity. As an example, using the numbers from the example given above with respect to block 406, the example system would break up the order for "100" into a non-hedging order into one order for "75" at the inside market price and a second order for "25" at the next best price. Of course, the orders may be entered one at a time, if so desired (e.g., just sending the first order for "75"). A more detailed example is provided below to illustrate.
Assume that a user set up a trade that includes selling "750" of product "1" and, once the first order has filled, offsetting the position by buying "750" of product "2." It is also assumed, for sake of illustration, that the user's desired spread price is "55" and the ratio is "1:1." Therefore, according to block 400 in
Per block 402, market depth information is received at the data interface 102 pertaining to the two tradeable objects. For instance, referring to
Next, per block 404, the example system looks to the quantity available at the inside market price on the hedging side to determine whether there would be enough quantity to satisfy a hedge order of "750." In this example, the example system would look to the lowest ask price, because that is the best price we could buy at in the market. Currently, there is a quantity of "150" available.
Per block 406, the example system determines that "150" would not be enough quantity to fill a hedge order of "750." In other words, the amount of "750" is greater than "150."
Next, per block 408, the example system looks to the next best ask price, which is "243" and has a quantity of "350." So far, per block 406, the total quantity at the two best price levels is "150"+"350"="500," which is still not enough quantity to satisfy a hedge order of "750." The next best ask price is "244," and has a quantity of "225." Again, the total quantity of "150"+"350"+"225"="725" at the three best price levels is not enough. There is "25" available at "244." Per block 406, it would now be determined that there is enough quantity at the four best ask price levels (e.g., "150"+"350"+"225"+"25"="750").
Next, per block 410, the order to sell "750" of product "1" is preferably broken up into separate orders to coincide with the quantity available on the hedging side. A sell order (which can be seen in
According to one advantage, the market depth on the hedging side is taken into account when placing one or more orders on the non-hedging side. Thus, if the orders are all filled (a sweep in the book for product "1"), then an offsetting order for a quantity of "750" may be immediately fired to offset the position in a more likely attempt to get the desired spread price of "55." For instance, assuming that the market conditions didn't change in product "2," then looking at each non-hedging order and its counterpart quantity on the hedging side accordingly:
If the spread partial for "150" is complete (e.g., the non-hedging side order of "150" was matched and the corresponding quantity of "150" on the hedging side was also matched): achieved spread price="55"=sold at "297"−bought at "242."
If the spread partial for "350" is complete (e.g., the non-hedging side order of "350" was matched and the corresponding quantity of "350" on the hedging side was also matched): achieved spread price="55"=sold at "298"−bought at "243."
If the spread partial for "225" is complete (e.g., the non-hedging side order of "225" was matched and the corresponding quantity of "225" on the hedging side was also matched): achieved spread price="55"=sold at "299"−bought at "244."
If the spread partial for "25" is complete (e.g., the non-hedging side order of "25" was matched and the corresponding quantity of "25" on the hedging side was also matched): achieved spread price="55"=sold at "300"−bought at "245."
According to another advantage, there is an increased chance of receiving partial fills on the large quantity of the spread order. Looking to the example of
If the first order for "150" was filled at "297," then an offsetting order for "150" would fill at a price of "242," which gives a spread price of "55." However, the market may now move down in value for product "1," thereby reducing the chances of getting more of the spread. Yet, the trader at least was partially filled on the spread.
As indicated earlier, the example system can break up the hedge orders as well. Using the examples above, the example system could send a hedge order for "750" at a price of "245" or better, or alternatively, the example system could send multiple hedge orders, as each non-hedge order is filled. So, for instance, when the non-hedge order for "150" at a price of "297" fills, then the example system could offset that quantity with a hedge order for "150" at a price of "242." Then, as the market moves through the non-hedging orders, the example system can appropriately send the offsetting orders.
Sometimes a trader might want to trade with a ratio different than "1:1," which was the ratio used in the previous illustration. To allow for different ratios, the example system preferably adjusts the order quantities (e.g., the orders which are going to be sent to the electronic exchange), accordingly. For instance, let us still assume that a trader wants "750" of product "1," but the ratio is "10:6.6." Now, looking to product "2" in
As indicated earlier, when the quantities on the hedging side change, then the example system preferably updates the orders (e.g., order quantity and/or order price) on the non-hedging side. However, to reduce excess quoting it is possible to provide the user with a feature which refrains from re-pricing or re-quoting the order until a certain threshold is exceeded. To do this, a user may enter certain tolerance levels, or a condition, which represent in some manner how much change in quantity the user is willing to take before modifying an order or orders (e.g., frequency of quoting). Orders may be modified by simply canceling an order and submitting a new order based on the new data. Using this feature preferably causes the system to refrain from sending a new order and/or deleting the old order. The tolerance levels may be entered through a graphical user interface (GUI) that provides the user with the ability to program the feature. For instance, if the quantity of "150" on the offsetting side shown in
Recognizing the benefits of utilizing market depth information in order entry, the example system may be programmed to perform all sorts of functions:
For example, when only part of a non-hedging order is filled (e.g., referring to
In another example, a trader might only want a certain number of orders in the market at any given time. In this instance, the trader might program the number of desired orders (e.g., on the non-hedging side and/or the non-hedging side) and the example system will break up the orders in multiple orders, but not exceeding the desired number of orders. For instance, a trader might only want three orders in the market on the non-hedging side. In this instance, the example system will break up the order into no more than three orders. If there simply is not enough quantity on a side to satisfy this requirement (e.g., the example in
In yet another example, a trader might want orders limited to certain quantity size. In this instance, the trader might want to limit orders to size no larger (or smaller, if desired) than a "50" lot order. Then, the system would have to adjust accordingly to accommodate this request, by either entering more orders in the market or by alerting the trader of a certain condition cannot be reached because of the limit—thus prompting a change.
In another example, the orders may be held back based on time or some other unit of measurement. According to this instance, a trader might want the broken up orders to be entered on certain time intervals.
In yet another example, it might be desirable to base the non-hedge order quantity (and/or the hedge quantity) on something other than quantity in the offsetting leg. In this instance, a trader might enter an equation in which the number of orders and/or the quantity of the orders is based.
Although the programs, processes, methods and system has been described and illustrated in detail, it is clearly understood that the same is by way of illustration and example only and is not to be taken by way of limitation. Since numerous modifications and changes will readily occur to those skilled in the art, it is not desired to limit the invention to the exact construction and operation shown and described, and accordingly, all suitable modifications and equivalents may be resorted to, falling within the scope of the invention.
According to one embodiment, the example system takes the form of a computer program product that is stored on a computer readable storage medium and is executed by a suitable instruction execution system in the computer-based device. The term computer readable medium, as used herein, refers to any medium that participates in providing instructions to processor for execution. Such a medium may take many forms, including but not limited to, non-volatile media, volatile media, and transmission media. Non-volatile media includes, for example, optical or magnetic disks, such as storage device. Volatile media includes dynamic memory, such as main memory or RAM (random access memory). Common forms of computer-readable media include, for example, a floppy disk, a flexible disk, hard disk, magnetic tape, or any other magnetic medium, a CD-ROM, any other optical medium, punch cards, paper tape, any other physical medium with patterns of holes, a RAM, a PROM, and EPROM, a FLASH-EPROM, and any other memory chip or cartridge, or any other medium from which a computer can read.
According to an alternative embodiment, a hardware embodiment might take a variety of different forms. A hardware embodiment may be implemented as an integrated circuit with custom gate arrays or an application specific integrated circuit ("ASIC"). A hardware embodiment may also be implemented with discrete hardware components and circuitry. In particular, it is understood that the logic structures and method steps described in the flow diagrams may be implemented in dedicated hardware such as an ASIC, or as program instructions carried out by a microprocessor or other computing device.
The claims should not be read as limited to the described order of elements unless stated to that effect. In addition, use of the term "means" in any claim is intended to invoke 35 U.S.C. �112, paragraph 6, and any claim without the word "means" is not so intended. Therefore, all embodiments that come within the scope and spirit of the following claims and equivalents thereto are claimed as the invention.
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(Sunday, October 17th)
Final Score: NY Jets 24, Denver 20
Denver, CO (Sports Network) - LaDainian Tomlinson scored two touchdowns, including the go-ahead score with 1:13 remaining in regulation, and the New York Jets rallied to beat the Denver Broncos, 24-20, at Invesco Field.
Tomlinson finished with 55 yards on the ground for the Jets (5-1), who have won five straight since opening the season with a home loss to Baltimore.
New York quarterback Mark Sanchez connected on 17-of-30 passes for 198 yards and one touchdown, but did throw his first two interceptions of the season.
Kyle Orton threw for 209 yards and one touchdown on 14-of-34 efficiency for the Broncos (2-4), who had broken a tie on Matt Prater's 48-yard field goal with 3:55 left in the fourth quarter.
The Jets started the ensuing drive from their own 20 and Sanchez converted a pair of third downs to move the team to near midfield prior to the two-minute warning. Tomlinson picked up four yards on the first play out of the timeout before Sanchez's next two throws hit the turf, setting up a 4th-and-6 from the Denver 48.
The 2009 first-round pick couldn't hook up with Santonio Holmes on a deep pass along the left sideline. However, safety Renaldo Hill was flagged for pass interference, giving New York a first down at the two. Tomlinson found the end zone on the next play to put the Jets on top.
"I thought it was an appropriate call. [Hill] interfered with [Holmes] and you have to make that call," Jets head coach Rex Ryan said of the crucial penalty. "[Holmes] didn't have an opportunity to catch it. So when you foul him, that call should be made."
Orton guided the Broncos across midfield, but the comeback bid ended when he fumbled a shotgun snap and Dwight Lowery recovered for New York.
"It as frustrating as any loss. When you come up short, it's tough to deal with," Orton said.
Braylon Edwards hauled in a 32-yard TD pass from Sanchez on the first play of the second quarter for the first points of the game. The score capped a 13- play, 77-yard drive that came after Denver flubbed the snap on a field goal try.
Denver countered on its next possession as rookie Tim Tebow rumbled for a five-yard touchdown. Syd'Quan Thompson picked off Sanchez later in the quarter, and the Broncos led 10-7 after Prater drilled a 59-yard field goal as the first half expired.
The Jets tied the game on Nick Folk's 56-yard field goal, but Orton hit rookie wideout Demaryius Thomas for a 17-yard touchdown with 1:23 remaining in the third quarter to put the hosts back in the lead.
New York drew even at 17 on Tomlinson's 20-yard dash with 8:36 left in the final stanza.
Game Notes
Jets tight end Dustin Keller caught three passes for 75 yards...Jabar Gaffney had 81 yards on six receptions for Denver...Broncos running back Knowshon Moreno ran for 48 yards on 12 carries. He had missed the last three games with a hamstring injury...The Broncos racked up 346 yards of total offense to 319 for the Jets.
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text:
Another event with a Discworld theme. Wadfest has been running annually since 2002. It's a camping event and a whole lot of fun with like minded people.
Wadfest 2008
If you've been to Wadfest perhaps you could post here and tell those members who have never been or never even heard of the even all about it.


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Academy Of Design Chicago
Chapter Two
External Analysis: The Identification of Opportunities and Threats
External Analysis: Opportunities and Threats
Analyzing the dynamics of the industry in which an organization competes to help identify:
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Chapter 1
The Scope and Challenge of International Marketing
PowerPoint presentation prepared by: Professor Rajiv Mehta Associate Professor of Marketing New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark, N.J.
McGraw-Hill/Irwin 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Le Vuong Bus 12 A Professor Kellogg C D Extra Credit 9 November, 2009
Best Buy Credit Card Application Summary. APPLICANT The first line in the application is the applicant's name with 15 characters for the first name, middle initial, and 20 characters lo


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Hi All,
Hoping someone on the CSS-Tricks Forum can help me out.
I have applied for a Forrst invite, and currently waiting for a invite (it's been awhile now)
Hoping someone on here could lend me a hand!
Application link: http://forrst.com/i/i0uB?previous=523043
Many Thanks,
Fully Creative
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text: The Bullets and Ballots! Part 2 wiki last edited by ruckus24 on 12/08/13 04:24PM View full history Just as the mayoral race turns violent, the candidates are shut down by the threat of blackmail. Reuben and Ranger Kisco kick off their manhunt with a bang, and the new kingpin of Chicago finds out that someone has been ripping off his protection rackets.This issue also contains an 8 page backup story: Mark Thrust Sexus Ranger, Birthday Bullets part 2 by Elliot S. Maggin, Judith Hunt and Larry Stroman.


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Demonstrates the strengths and weaknesses of five different keying tools.
How to create movement using Final Cut Pro 6 and Motion 3.
A comprehensive explanation of HD, how to work with its many forms, and how to use the most common formats and codecs.
"For five days I have been excitedly moving from lesson to lesson, course to course. These are the finest and most reasonably priced tutorials I have ever found!" —David S.
more from our members »


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Fish Broth
1 Aug 2010
|Fish heads and bones/2 pound lean fresh fish
|3 Pound
|1 Medium, sliced
|1 Medium, sliced
|Celery stalk with leaves
|1 , sliced
|Lemon juice
|2 Teaspoon
|Dry white wine
|1 Cup (16 tbs)
|6 Cup (96 tbs)
|Bay leaf
|1 Teaspoon
|Dried leaf tarragon
|1⁄4 Teaspoon
Wash fish heads and bones under running cold water; discard any skin.
Put heads and bones or lean fish in a 4-quart pot.
Add onion, carrot, celery, lemon juice, wine and water.
Add more water, if necessary, to cover ingredients.
Bring to a simmer; do not boil.
Reduce heat to maintain simmer.
Skim foam from surface until surface is clear.
Stir in bay leaf, salt and tarragon.
Partially cover and simmer 30 minutes.
Line a sieve with cheesecloth.
Strain broth through sieve into a glass container.
Discard bones and vegetables.
Use broth immediately in fish soups or chowders or store, tightly covered, in refrigerator up to 24 hours.
For longer storage, freeze in an airtight container, leaving 1-1/2 inches headspace.
Rate It
0 Comments
Fish Broth Recipe


text:
The concept art creation drew me in, you've got another tracker :D
3 comments by Yshaana on Nov 14th, 2012
FRAY: Reloaded Edition is a unique and fast paced multiplayer turn-based strategy game for PC developed by French independent developer Brain Candy. Plan your orders swiftly and watch the action unfold as all the players' squads execute their turns simultaneously.
Huge update for FRAY, released in June 2012, FRAY: Reloaded Edition adds numerous functionalities and improvements to the game in response to community feedback: fully redesigned User Interface, new class and weapon balance, visual improvements such as new weapon and particle effects, solo maps, new server and much more.
FRAY: Reloaded Edition builds upon the foundations of FRAY and improves them in all directions, all the while keeping the original fast paced strategy dynamic that was acclaimed.
You can also find the game soundtrack composed by Sound Washed at the root of the game install folder.
The update can be downloaded for FRAY users, and a Demo version is available on Steam: Store.steampowered.com
FRAY: Reloaded Edition is available for purchase on Desura, Steam, or you can get the game on our website for the disounted price of 9.99$/8.99€/6.99£ (CD Key redeemable on Steam) on our Website.
Here is a new trailer for FRAY: Reloaded Edition
The concept art creation drew me in, you've got another tracker :D
You only need to mention the words "indie" and "turn-based" to me to get me all excited ;)
Thank you so much for all the kind words ! I can't tell you how much it means to know that people enjoy what we are creating.
We are still quite early in the dev and we don't want to show the game in its rough work in progress form, but I promise you that we will try to do all we can to not disapoint !
Everything is so well made, I can't help but look forward to this game.
Brain candy? More like eye candy, everything looks gorgeous.
Especially the "playtest sample panel."
Any bubble gum crisis influence? Art/ designs look great. You can't stop now.
hey + 50 billion points to u coz this looks awsome
Just what can i say.. wow. You have really nice idea about this game. Only think i don't like is that 'dot' on the suit.
+ i'm gonna track you, track you, you already knooow!
That model is awesome, its like if gray fox met crysis.
Highest Rated (6 agree) 10/10
Great game, even though it is in alpha state for now.
Excellent graphics and solid gameplay, fast enough to keep you for hours.
Extremely promising.
Feb 10 2012, 8:33pm by Deuzerre
Latest tweets from
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Promote Fray: Reloaded Edition on your homepage or blog by selecting a button and using the embed code provided (more).


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In 1911
Saturday, Nov. 25 — As a demonstration of the wonderful power of hypnotism a man was placed under "the influence" this afternoon at 4 o'clock, in a wooden box and buried alive at the corner of Main and Sixth Street. He will be awakened from this mysterious sleep Monday night at the opening performance of the Randolph company of hypnotists at the Duncan opera house. The grave is four feet deep and the casket is of wood. Pipes were placed at the head and foot through which air may circulate.
Flyways of the World talk is Sunday
Fall Flight Festival 2011 activities continue at the Las Vegas National Wildlife Refuge with a talk on "Flyways of the World: Migratory Bird Conservation and the Nature Conservancy" by Dave Mehlman, from noon to 1:30 p.m. this Sunday at the refuge headquarters and at 1 p.m. kids wildlife crafts also at the headquarters.
For more information, call Linda Kelly at 454-9452 or Jan Arrott at 454-5116.
A 30 percent chance of showers. Mostly cloudy, with a high near 56. West wind 10-15 mph. A 10 percent chance of showers at night. Partly cloudy, with a low around 27.
Sunny, with a high near 44. Mostly clear at night, with a low around 23.
Sunny, with a high near 56. Mostly clear at night, with a low around 31.
Mostly sunny, with a high near 65. Partly cloudy at night, with a low around 28.
Holiday Pecan Sale by the Greater Las Vegas Lions Club is under way to raise funds to help qualified residents of San Miguel County pay for eye exams and glasses. See the full selection at Shoes 'n Boots on Seventh Street near Mills through December. Prices begin at $3. Call 454-8095 for dates of one-day sales locations around town.
The following individuals were booked into the San Miguel County Detention Center by area law enforcement between Nov. 15 and Nov. 22:
Richard Romero, 34, failure to pay fines
Robert Romero, 46, commitment
Diane Ritchie, 30, bench warrant
Eligio Romo, 41, commitment
Joseph Sena, 47, burglary, theft of credit card by taking or retaining possession of it, tampering with evidence
Deseri Goke, 34, failure to appear, careless driving
Adam Yara, 26, possession of controlled substance, trafficking controlled substance
By Barry Massey
The Associated Press
SANTA FE — Republican Gov. Susana Martinez along with some Democrats and minority voters are working on a possible compromise on a congressional redistricting proposal to offer to a state district court that will determine district boundaries for the rest of the decade.
From The Associated Press
Jerome Block out of jail again
SANTA FE — Former Public Regulation Commissioner Jerome Block Jr. is out of a New Mexico jail again.
Block was released from the Santa Fe County Jail early Tuesday after spending eight days behind bars for violating Drug Court rules.
Montoya Bryan
The Associated Press
ALBUQUERQUE — It's been nearly a year and environmentalists are still uneasy about where Gov. Susana Martinez's administration stands on protecting air, water and other natural resources.
Their perception of the administration being cozy with industry persists, but officials with the New Mexico Environment Department have grown tired of critics assuming they're taking it easy on polluters.
In the spirit of Thanksgiving — and Black Friday, the biggest shopping day of the year — we offer up today's thumbs:
THUMBS UP! THE ECONOMY. Sluggish though it is, it's still better than this time last year, and it's showing signs that today will be a good day for retailers. We certainly hope so.
Larry Janssen doesn't miss getting up at 4:30 every morning.
Better known as the "Frito Man," Janssen retired this month after 30 years on the job delivering Frito-Lay products in and around Las Vegas.
"It's been a wonderful journey," says Janssen. "I'm ready to move on to another one."
At 63, Janssen has spent almost half his life working for Frito-Lay. And while he doesn't regret it, he'll be the first one to tell you that wasn't his plan.
Copyright © 2015
The Las Vegas Optic is your source for local news, sports, events, and information in San Miguel County and Las Vegas, NM, and the surrounding area.


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just say no if you so desire.
Hope she's got his cloths packed so he can keep it moving when he gets out of jail. Momma dont take no mess......
take your money and run. do not invest in this non-competitive, high crime infested, crumbling relic of an institution of higher education. there is a better school within your reach, within your grasp. line of credit? please. what's the collateral? 70 million in deferred maintenance and ratty decaying dorms. why even inform of the events within this failed institution?
AAMU is in trouble on so many fronts. They are in serious trouble financially. They are in trouble structurally. They are non-competitive not offering a single undergraduate degree for completion on-line. They are being choked by a bloated, high salary administration - they are far too top heavy. Potential students and parents must seriously consider what the absolute best investment of their educational $'s are.....what institution gives them the greatest chance at a future. Is it AAMU, UAH, UNA...... I'd be suprised to see an enrollment increase. I fully expect the decline to continue and parents and students make the best and wises choices on where to invest their educational dollars. A four hour finance committee meeting is just a nightmare waiting to be concluded.
It's crazy. HT is dying. You need a magnifying glass to read the print of the paper. I don't have a good feeling about the changes either. Digital is being forced down our throats. Take it or leave it....
Not gonna happen Tommy. HT created this problem by shrinking the font size, minimizing valuable content, and shrinking the paper. I predict they will fold completely within the next 5 years. Dont know what will take its place,
I discontinue my annual subscription to the Huntsville Times in January 2012. The paper had shrunk, size, font size, and content. It was terrible. I know the times wants to cut costs but they cut their own throats in so doing.
The clerks' subordinates should get the money, report it on their taxes. You can be sure the clerk is not processing those passports. The clerk is supervising the office. The clerk does not process paperwork. The money should go to the people who actually process the paperwork - those the clerk supervises. The law needs to be changed so the money lands in the working peoples' hands.
Madison County Clerk conversation????? Where's that passport money?
How many teachers could be employed for 600,000.00?
It was a tremendous and shocking loss to our community. She is missed tremendously by so many. God rest her soul......
Cut the president's salary in HALF. Eliminate the TOP HEAVY administration including Chief of Staff, Assistant Vice Presidents....etc. Use those HUGE salary savings to FIX the boiler. It's a shame that students are treated in this manner. How crazy are the priorities of this administration? It's only going to get worst. Hate it.
Knew it was coming. It's gonna be real ugly. Public higher ed BOLO for HUGE cuts to your state warrants..... More increases in tuition, fees, room and board lie ahead. Parents and students are also going to take a HUGE hit. Got to recoup PRORATED state funds somewhere in order to continue institutional operations.
Certainly the Madison County District Attorney's office and the Judicial Circuit of Madison County are too "smart" to be drawn into AAMU mess and "bull ........". It appears to be another attempt to use law enforcement, DA, & Judicial Circuit to do "dirty work" on behalf of ........ Don't let it happen. Who's "pawn to rook" move was this crap? We've got real justice to pursue in the Memmon case not this foolishness. Don't allow limited resources of the county and state to be used for this STUPID STUFF!!!!!!!
Sucks. There are deplorable conditions throughout the institution including residential spaces. Several building on campus have not had hot water for longer than 7 weeks. Repair/maintenance issues abound. It's sad.
Big thumbs up to law enforcement. Pakistan is still pissed about that evil Bin Laden guy being dispatched to hell as promised. They were hoping to help this killer escape US justice so they could parade him around as the ONE who got away. Thanks Law Enforcement. On this matter.....YOU ROCK!
Yep, cut through Canada to Pakistan. He's gone. Wonder if he will resurface in 18 months as a terrorist hating America for what HE did.
Well deserved. Congrats!!!
Closing those facilities will eventually lead the client they serve to be jailed for criminal violations. When no hospital is available for the mental ill they eventually end up in the criminal justice system...jails and prisons. Those hospitals are expensive but are they more expensive that prisons?
Money talks. Poor people go to jail.
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VIDEO: Former VP Dick Cheney on Tomorrow's CBS THIS MORNING
|Related Links
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June 26, 2015
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|Related: CBS THIS MORNING, CBS
Former Vice President Dick Cheney tells CBS THIS MORNING that Chuck Hagel, President Obama's nominee for defense secretary, is a "foil" for the President to do "serious, serious damage to our military capabilities." CBS THIS MORNING co-host Charlie Rose spoke with Cheney today during a wide-ranging interview that will be broadcast tomorrow, Feb. 12 on CBS THIS MORNING (7:00-9:00 AM) on the CBS Television Network.
In an excerpt of the interview, Cheney says:
CHENEY: "With respect to Chuck Hagel and - and Brennan, at Defense and C.I.A. - just in the last week, their performance in front of the committees that have to confirm them has been pretty poor. And that's, you know, not my judgment. That's the judgment, as well, of senators on both sides of the aisle. My guess is, if you look at what the President's motives are for picking Chuck Hagel, I think he wants a Republican to go be the - the foil, if you will, for what he wants to do to the Defense Department, which is I think to do serious, serious damage to our military capabilities."
Chris Licht is the Vice President of Programming, CBS News, and Executive Producer of CBS THIS MORNING.
About Author
- CNBC to Air THE MAKING OF DIG, the USA Network Event Series, 3/1
- NBC to Air One-Hour Season Finale of CHRISTINA MILIAN TURNED UP, 3/1
- NBC Universo to Present ROMEO SANTOS DESDE VINA Concert Exclusive, 3/1
- Kelly Clarkson to Visit CBS SUNDAY MORNING, 3/1
- VIDEO: Clark Gregg Teases New AGENTS OF S.H.I.E.L.D. Season Using Emojis
- Dakota Johnson to Host SNL Tonight; Alabama Shakes to Perform
- NBC Sports to Air Coverage of U.S. GRAND PRIX FROM PARK CITY
- Discovery Family to Premiere New Episodes of TRANSFORMERS RESCUE BOTS, Today
- Telemundo to Present FUTBOL ESTELAR: LEON VS SANTOS, Today
- Telemundo to Give Viewers Sneak Peek at Upcoming Programming on LO NUEVO, Today


text:
YIELD: Makes 4 servings
ACTIVE TIME: 20 min
TOTAL TIME: 35 min
Stir together mint, yogurt, garlic, lemon juice, and salt and pepper to taste.
Pat half of lamb chops dry and season with salt and pepper. Heat oil in a 10-inch heavy skillet (preferably cast-iron) over moderately high heat until hot but not smoking, then sauté chops, turning once, 6 minutes for medium-rare. Transfer chops to a plate and keep warm, covered with foil. Dry, season, and sauté remaining chops in same manner.
Serve topped with yogurt-mint sauce.


text: some posters in the thread about Josh Olivas mentioned a practice of buying wildcards to the main draws of Challenger tournaments in order to get an ATP ranking point...??? Is this a known practice and if so, how much do one of these WCs cost? Because, once you have one ATP point, you are eligible to play qualies in ATP events all over the world - even if you're terrible. It seems like there are sometimes really bad guys in the ATP qualies and i always wondered how they got there.


text:
Terraforming of Europa
|This article possibly contains original research. (July 2011)
The terraforming of Europa is the hypothetical process of boosting the global environment of Europa, changing its climate, surface and other properties to make it habitable for human colonization without the use of a spacesuit. Although recent astronomical studies indicate that it has the greatest potential to sustain life, out of all bodies in the Solar System (including planets Mars and Venus),[1][2] its terraformation presents a challenge: it is near a huge radiation belt around Jupiter,[3] but it is claimed that through the usage of human-made space technology, this radiation could be overcome. There are two major changes required:
- The establishment of a magnetic field at least half as strong as Earth's, through convection that usually results in the setting up of a dynamo in the core.
- An ozone layer that absorbs ultraviolet radiation and decreases the total amount of harmful radiation reaching the surface, allowing life on land.
In order for essential liquid water, and breathable oxygen, to exist on its surface:
- There would need to be a considerable percentage of oxygen[4] in the atmosphere (at least Earth's amount, about 21%) (see atmosphere of Earth).
- The moon would have to be heated to sustain a warm and suitable temperature.
- The atmospheric pressure would need to be increased.
- Removal of surplus surface water or water ice.
- 1 Reasons for terraforming
- 2 Background
- 3 Alterations required
- 4 Magnetic field and Jupiter radiation belts
- 5 References
- 6 Bibliography
Reasons for terraforming[edit]
In the future, population growth and demand for resources may create pressure for humans to colonize new habitats such as Mars, the Moon, and nearby planets, as well as harvesting the Solar System's energy and material resources.[5]
In about 5.6 billion years, the Sun is forecasted to move off the main sequence and become a red giant,[6] as the hydrogen fuel in the core is completely consumed, causing the Sun's core to contract and the outer layers to expand. At this point, the Sun's upper atmosphere will extend as far as 1.2 astronomical units (AU), out past the present orbit of the Earth.[7] This expansion will likely destabilize the orbits of the inner planets, causing them to spiral in towards the Sun and be destroyed. The Sun will lose a significant fraction of its mass in the process of becoming a red giant, and this may cause a widening of the orbits of the other planets. Earth could theoretically achieve a widening of its orbit and could potentially maintain a sufficiently high angular velocity to keep it from being engulfed. In order to do so, its orbit would need to increase to between 1.3 AU and 1.7 AU.
Although Mars is the most popular candidate for terraforming, even if human colonization of Mars lasts for billions of years, the habitable zone will eventually move beyond Mars, towards Jupiter and its system.[citation needed]
It is theorized that Earth will be outside the habitable zone before the Sun enters its red-giant phase.[7] Astronomers estimate that the Sun will be 33% more luminous three billion years from now. The warming Sun and increased solar radiation would cause the Earth's oceans to evaporate, and the Earth eventually to melt. The habitable zone would move farther out from the Sun.
Even if Europa receives the same gravitational-kinetic and electromagnetic energy as Jupiter,[8] the Sun will be large enough in the distant future for Europa to be habitable.[2]
It has been hypothesized that a subsurface water ocean may exist under Europa.[9] If water does indeed exist under the surface, life could thrive in this environment, although it may only be microbial and simple.[10][11] This may be assumed because on Earth, sponges, crinoids, scallops, snails, fish and many microorganisms thrive under the ice in the Antarctic, despite the frigid conditions.
"It looks like the ocean could be saturated with oxygen. Given that, it seems unlimited how complex life could be there." —Richard Greenberg on the potential for life under Europa's surface.[10]
Europa has no strong magnetic field to protect it from the Jupiter radiation belt, to which it is near. It is suggested that an internal dynamo can be produced through convection (even if Europa is already internally active), though the magnetic field would not need to be stronger than Earth's, for the measurable radiation on Europa is much less than previously predicted (although terraforming the moon would still prove a challenge).[9][12][13] An ozone layer would also be necessary.
Alterations required[edit]
|0.1 μPa (10−12 bar)
|101.325 kPa (14.6959 psi)
|Carbon dioxide (CO2)
|Nitrogen (N2)
|Argon (Ar)
|Oxygen (O2)
Terraforming Europa would entail three major alterations: building up the atmosphere, keeping it warm, and keeping the atmosphere from escaping away into space. The atmosphere of Europa is extremely thin and thus has a very low surface pressure of 0.1 micropascals (1.5×10−11 psi); compared to Earth with 101 kilopascals (15 psi) at sea level and 0.86 kilopascals (0.12 psi) at an altitude of 32 kilometres (20 mi). The atmosphere of Europa consists of mostly molecular oxygen (O2), though not of biological origin, with no other constituents found. Although there was once molecular hydrogen (H2) in the atmosphere, it escaped into space to leave behind oxygen. By comparison, Earth's atmosphere is 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 0.93% argon, 0.04% carbon dioxide, and other constituents.
Building the atmosphere[edit]
Although Europa has an atmosphere (revealed by the Hubble Space Telescope in 1995), it is a relatively surface bounded exosphere and totally unbreathable. A minimum 0.2 bar partial pressure of oxygen is required for human breathing, though in practice higher total pressure is needed. This could be supplied by breaking the surface ice into its component hydrogen and oxygen, though a suitable sink for the hydrogen will be required.
Introduction of ammonia to the atmosphere[edit]
Another intricate method of terraforming Europa is importing ammonia (NH3) to the atmosphere. Ammonia not only acts as a powerful greenhouse gas that heats the planet for water-based temperatures, but also has high levels of nitrogen, which takes care of the need for a buffer gas in the atmosphere.[14] Part of the ammonia might be imported from Jupiter, Europa's host planet (containing at least 0.026% of ammonia), along with Saturn (0.01% ammonia), Uranus and Neptune (trace amounts of ammonia). It might also be technologically achievable to import ammonia from comets (as they did to Earth) in the asteroid belt, including blowing them up with very large nuclear bombs.
The challenge facing atmosphere builders is the need for a buffer gas. On Earth, nitrogen levels are around 78.08% in the atmosphere, the gas that is the most abundant on Earth. Europa would require a similar buffer gas component to pressurize the surface and regularize cell temperatures.[15] Several inert gases, such as nitrogen, argon or neon, could be utilized as buffer gases, although obtaining sufficient quantities would be difficult.
Introduction of methane to the atmosphere[edit]
Sources of methane in the Solar System include Saturn's moon Titan's lakes and atmosphere, as well as trace amounts from the atmosphere of Mars.[16] Or hydrogen could be converted into methane (because methane is four atoms of hydrogen bound to a carbon atom).[16] In this way, methane is used as a boost for a potent greenhouse effect. Methane, and other hydrocarbons, also can be utilized in the increase for the insufficient Europan atmospheric pressure. These gases also can be used for production of water and CO2 for Europa's atmosphere, to initiate plants' photosynthetic processes.
Heating the satellite[edit]
After building the atmosphere, heating the satellite would be an important requirement of terraforming Europa, as heat from the Sun is the primary driver of planetary climate. As the satellite becomes warmer, the CO2 that is frozen into solid form in the Europan north and south poles would sublime into gas and further contribute to a potent greenhouse effect. Heating the satellite would also melt the ice on the surface into liquid form.
Asteroids could be directed onto the Europan surface for their composition, including ammonia[17] (which is a greenhouse gas, as aforementioned, and may have seeded Earth), and because the impacting energy could release heat into the atmosphere. Impacting asteroids on these nitrate beds would release additional nitrogen and thicker oxygen into the satellite's tenuous atmosphere.
Magnetic field and Jupiter radiation belts[edit]
Earth is covered with water (about 70% of Earth's surface) because the ionosphere is permeated with a strong magnetic field.[18] The hydrogen ions present in its ionosphere move very fast due to their small mass, but they cannot escape to outer space because their trajectories are deflected by the magnetic field. Venus has a dense atmosphere, but only traces of water vapor (20 ppm) because it lacks a magnetosphere. The Europan atmosphere also does occasionally lose molecular oxygen (O2) to space.
Earth is provided extra protection from ultraviolet radiation by its ozone layer, which is in the stratosphere. Ultraviolet light is blocked before it can dissociate water into hydrogen and oxygen. Since little water vapor rises above the troposphere and the ozone layer is in the upper stratosphere, little water is dissociated into hydrogen and oxygen.
Europa receives about 5.40 Sv of radiation per day.[19] (5.0 Sv is already considered lethal acute dose) from Jupiter's large radiation belts (10 times stronger than Earth's Van Allen radiation belts), and is a severe health threat to colonists without adequate radiation shielding. The satellite has only a very weak magnetosphere, which leaves it exposed to radiation by Jupiter and also the solar wind.
Despite this, an atmosphere engineered to be much denser than Earth's can provide protection from cosmic radiation and Jupiter's radiation, and carefully selected upper-atmospheric components may block UV radiation before it can ionize water.
- ^ http://www.orionsarm.com/fm_store/TerraformingVenusQuickly.pdf
- ^ a b Deborah Byrd (2009-10-05). "Study shows Mars and Jupiter's moon Europa best suited for microbial life". EarthSky.org. Retrieved 2011-07-04.
- ^ "Jupiter Radiation Belts Harsher Than Expected". ScienceDaily. 2001-03-29.
- ^ "Humans on Europa: A Plan for Colonies on the Icy Moon". Retrieved 2006-04-28.
- ^ Savage, Marshall T. (1994). The Millennial Project: Colonizing the Galaxy in Eight Easy Steps. Little Brown and Company. ISBN 0316771635.
- ^ "Post-Main Sequence Stars". Australia Telescope Outreach and Education. 2006-10-12. Retrieved 2011-07-07.
- ^ a b Schröder, K.-P.; Connon Smith, Robert (2008). "Distant future of the Sun and Earth revisited". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 386 (1): 155–163. arXiv:0801.4031. Bibcode:2008MNRAS.386..155S. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13022.x.
- ^ Peter Ahrens. "The Terraformation of Worlds" (PDF). Nexial Quest. Retrieved 2007-10-18.
- ^ a b "Jupiter's Moon Europa: What Could Be Under The Ice?". ScienceDaily. 2007-12-14. Retrieved 2011-07-04.
- ^ a b Emma Harding (2010-02-04). "Could life exist on Jupiter moon?". BBC News. Retrieved 2011-07-05.
- ^ Robert Sanders (2007-02-22). "Looking for life on Jupiter's moon Europa". University of California, Berkeley. Retrieved 2011-07-04.
- ^ Michael Schirber (2009-01-09). "Hiding from Jupiter's Radiation". Astrobiology Magazine. Retrieved 2011-07-05.
- ^ "Juno Armoured Up to Go to Jupiter". NASA. 2010-07-12. Retrieved 2011-07-05.
- ^ "Life from Outer Space: Meteorites 'could have carried nitrogen to Earth'". Word Press. 2011-03-01. Retrieved 2011-07-07.
- ^ Deng, K.; Guo, T.; He, D. W.; Liu, X. Y.; Liu, L.; Guo, D. Z.; Chen, X. Z.; Wang, Z. (May 2008). "Effect of buffer gas ratios on the relationship between cell temperature and frequency shifts of the coherent population trapping resonance". Applied Physics Letters (Beijing: Peking University) 92 (21): 211104–211104–3. Bibcode:2008ApPhL..92u1104D. doi:10.1063/1.2937407.
- ^ a b Azadeh Ansari (2009-01-15). "Methane discovery could mean life on Mars". CNN. Retrieved 2011-07-07.
- ^ Ian Randall (2011-03-01). "Ammonia-rich meteorite may explain life on Earth". Cosmos Magazine. Retrieved 2011-07-10.
- ^ Tony Phillips (2003-12-29). "Earth's Inconstant Magnetic Field". Science@Nasa. Retrieved 2009-12-27.[dead link]
- ^ Ringwald, Frederick A. (29 February 2000) SPS 1020 (Introduction to Space Sciences) Course Notes, California State University, csufresno.edu.
- Arthur C. Clarke (1982). Zharchenko, Vasili, ed. 2010: Odyssey Two (1st ed.). United Kingdom: Granada Publishing Ltd. ISBN 0-345-31282-1.