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Office of Scientific and Technical Information
Computational Optimization of Gas Compressor Stations: MINLP ...
E-Print Network [OSTI]
Feb 26, 2015 ... Abstract: When considering cost-optimal operation of gas transport networks, compressor stations play the most important role. ProperĀ...
Daniel Rose
Control optimization of the cryoplant warm compressor station for EAST
SciTech Connect (OSTI)
The cryogenic control system for EAST (Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak) was designed based on DeltaV DCS of Emerson Corporation. The automatic control of the cryoplant warm compressors has been implemented. However, with ever-degrading performance of critical equipment, the cryoplant operation in the partial design conditions makes the control system fluctuate and unstable. In this paper, the warm compressor control system was optimized to eliminate the pressure oscillation based on the expert PID theory.
Zhuang, M.; Hu, L. B.; Zhou, Z. W.; Xia, G. H. [Cryogenic Engineering Division, Institute of Plasma Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O.Box 1126,Shushanhu Road 350, Hefei, Anhui 230031 (China)
Natural Gas Compressor Stations on the Interstate Pipeline Network: Developments Since 1996
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) Indexed Site
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data CenterFranconia,(Million Barrels) Crude Oil Reserves in Nonproducing Reservoirs Year2per6.48 6.18 5.63 4.73Feet)Compressor Stations
National Account Energy Alliance Final Report for the Basin Electric Project at Northern Border Pipeline Company's Compressor Station #7, North Dakota
A field research test and verification project was conducted at the recovered energy generation plant at Northern Border Pipeline Company Compressor Station #7 (CS#7) near St. Anthony. Recovered energy generation plant equipment was supplied and installed by ORMAT Technologies, Inc. Basin Electric is purchasing the electricity under a purchase power agreement with an ORMAT subsidiary, which owns and operates the plant.
Sweetzer, Richard [Exergy Partners Corp.; Leslie, Neil [Gas Technology Institute
An Assessment of the Near-Term Costs of Hydrogen Refueling Stations and Station Components
vs. delivered hydrogen, compressor type, storage pressure).pump High-pressure hydrogen compressor Compressed hydrogenpipeline High-pressure hydrogen compressor Pipeline Station:
Weinert, Jonathan X.; Lipman, Timothy
Supersonic compressor
DOE Patents [OSTI]
A gas compressor based on the use of a driven rotor having an axially oriented compression ramp traveling at a local supersonic inlet velocity (based on the combination of inlet gas velocity and tangential speed of the ramp) which forms a supersonic shockwave axially, between adjacent strakes. In using this method to compress inlet gas, the supersonic compressor efficiently achieves high compression ratios while utilizing a compact, stabilized gasdynamic flow path. Operated at supersonic speeds, the inlet stabilizes an oblique/normal shock system in the gasdyanamic flow path formed between the gas compression ramp on a strake, the shock capture lip on the adjacent strake, and captures the resultant pressure within the stationary external housing while providing a diffuser downstream of the compression ramp.
Lawlor, Shawn P. (Bellevue, WA); Novaresi, Mark A. (San Diego, CA); Cornelius, Charles C. (Kirkland, WA)
Electrochemical Hydrogen Compressor
The Electrochemical Hydrogen Compressor EHC was evaluated against DOE applications for compressing hydrogen at automobile filling stations, in future hydrogen pipelines and as a commercial replacement for conventional diaphragm hydrogen compressors. It was also evaluated as a modular replacement for the compressors used in petrochemical refineries. If the EHC can be made inexpensive, reliable and long lived then it can satisfy all these applications save pipelines where the requirements for platinum catalyst exceeds the annual world production. The research performed did not completely investigate Molybdenum as a hydrogen anode or cathode, it did show that photoetched 316 stainless steel is inadequate for an EHC. It also showed that: molybdenum bipolar plates, photochemical etching processes, and Gortex Teflon seals are too costly for a commercial EHC. The use of carbon paper in combination with a perforated thin metal electrode demonstrated adequate anode support strength, but is suspect in promoting galvanic corrosion. The nature of the corrosion mechanisms are not well understood, but locally high potentials within the unit cell package are probably involved. The program produced a design with an extraordinary high cell pitch, and a very low part count. This is one of the promising aspects of the redesigned EHC. The development and successful demonstration of the hydraulic cathode is also important. The problem of corrosion resistant metal bipolar plates is vital to the development of an inexpensive, commercial PEM fuel cell. Our research suggests that there is more to the corrosion process in fuel cells and electrochemical compressors than simple, steady state, galvanic stability. It is an important area for scientific investigation. The experiments and analysis conducted lead to several recommended future research directions. First, we need a better understanding of the corrosion mechanisms involved. The diagnosis of experimental cells with titration to determine the loss of membrane active sites is recommended. We suspect that the corrosion includes more than simple galvanic mechanisms. The mechanisms involved in this phenomenon are poorly understood. Shunt currents at hydraulic cathode ports were problematic, but are not difficult to cure. In addition to corrosion there is evidence of high component resistivity. This may be due to the deposition of organic compounds, which may be produced electrochemically on the surface of the metal support screens that contact carbon gas diffusion layers (GDLs) or catalyst supports. An investigation of possible electro-organic sythesis mechanisms with emphasis on oxalates formation is warranted. The contaminated cell parts can be placed in an oxidizing atmosphere at high temperature and the weight loss can be observed. This would reveal the existence of organic compounds. Investigation into the effects of conductivity enhancers such as carbon microlayers on supporting carbon paper is also needed. Corrosion solutions should be investigated such as surface passivation of 316 SS parts using nitric acid. Ultra thin silane/siloxane polymer coatings should be tried. These may be especially useful in conjunction with metal felt replacement of carbon paper. A simple cure for the very high, localized corrosion of the anode might be to diffusion bond the metal electrode support screen to bipolar plate. This will insure uniform resistance perpendicular to the plane of the cell and eliminate some of the dependence of the resistance on high stack compression. Alternative materials should be explored. Alternatives to carbon in the cell may be helpful in any context. In particular, alternatives to carbon paper GDLs such as metal felts and alternatives to carbon supports for Pt such as TiC and TiB2 might also be worthwhile and would be helpful to fuel cells as well. Some alternative to the metals we used in the cell, Mo and 316 SS, are potentially useful. These include Al/Mg/Si alloys. Corrosion resistant materials such as Nb and Mo might prove useful as cladding materials that can be hot stamp
David P. Bloomfield; Brian S. MacKenzie
Recirculating rotary gas compressor
A positive displacement, recirculating Roots-type rotary gas compressor is described which operates on the basis of flow work compression. The compressor includes a pair of large diameter recirculation conduits which return compressed discharge gas to the compressor housing, where it is mixed with low pressure inlet gas, thereby minimizing adiabatic heating of the gas. The compressor includes a pair of involutely lobed impellers and an associated port configuration which together result in uninterrupted flow of recirculation gas. The large diameter recirculation conduits equalize gas flow velocities within the compressor and minimize gas flow losses. The compressor is particularly suited to applications requiring sustained operation at higher gas compression ratios than have previously been feasible with rotary pumps, and is particularly applicable to refrigeration or other applications requiring condensation of a vapor. 12 figs.
Weinbrecht, J.F.
A positive displacement, recirculating Roots-type rotary gas compressor which operates on the basis of flow work compression. The compressor includes a pair of large diameter recirculation conduits (24 and 26) which return compressed discharge gas to the compressor housing (14), where it is mixed with low pressure inlet gas, thereby minimizing adiabatic heating of the gas. The compressor includes a pair of involutely lobed impellers (10 and 12) and an associated port configuration which together result in uninterrupted flow of recirculation gas. The large diameter recirculation conduits equalize gas flow velocities within the compressor and minimize gas flow losses. The compressor is particularly suited to applications requiring sustained operation at higher gas compression ratios than have previously been feasible with rotary pumps, and is particularly applicable to refrigeration or other applications requiring condensation of a vapor.
Weinbrecht, John F. (601 Oakwood Loop, NE., Albuquerque, NM 87123)
High ratio recirculating gas compressor
A high ratio positive displacement recirculating rotary compressor is disclosed. The compressor includes an integral heat exchanger and recirculation conduits for returning cooled, high pressure discharge gas to the compressor housing to reducing heating of the compressor and enable higher pressure ratios to be sustained. The compressor features a recirculation system which results in continuous and uninterrupted flow of recirculation gas to the compressor with no direct leakage to either the discharge port or the intake port of the compressor, resulting in a capability of higher sustained pressure ratios without overheating of the compressor. 10 figs.
Supersonic gas compressor
A gas compressor based on the use of a driven rotor having a compression ramp traveling at a local supersonic inlet velocity (based on the combination of inlet gas velocity and tangential speed of the ramp) which compresses inlet gas against a stationary sidewall. In using this method to compress inlet gas, the supersonic compressor efficiently achieves high compression ratios while utilizing a compact, stabilized gasdynamic flow path. Operated at supersonic speeds, the inlet stabilizes an oblique/normal shock system in the gasdyanamic flow path formed between the rim of the rotor, the strakes, and a stationary external housing. Part load efficiency is enhanced by the use of a pre-swirl compressor, and using a bypass stream to bleed a portion of the intermediate pressure gas after passing through the pre-swirl compressor back to the inlet of the pre-swirl compressor. Inlet guide vanes to the compression ramp enhance overall efficiency.
Danfoss Commercial Compressors October 2013 | 2 Inverter compressors
#12;Danfoss Commercial Compressors October 2013 | 2 Inverter compressors Geothermal energy taps to improve heat pump efficiency : compressor technology focus Efficiency boost in Ground Source Heat Pump-sized or require additional electrical heaters #12;Danfoss Commercial Compressors October 2013 | 6 What difference
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Standing wave compressor
A compressor for compression-evaporation cooling systems, which requires no moving parts. A gaseous refrigerant inside a chamber is acoustically compressed and conveyed by means of a standing acoustic wave which is set up in the gaseous refrigerant. This standing acoustic wave can be driven either by a transducer, or by direct exposure of the gas to microwave and infrared sources, including solar energy. Input and output ports arranged along the chamber provide for the intake and discharge of the gaseous refrigerant. These ports can be provided with optional valve arrangements, so as to increase the compressor's pressure differential. The performance of the compressor in either of its transducer or electromagnetically driven configurations, can be optimized by a controlling circuit. This controlling circuit holds the wavelength of the standing acoustical wave constant, by changing the driving frequency in response to varying operating conditions.
Lucas, Timothy S. (4614 River Mill Ct., Glen Allen, VA 23060)
Lithium in Blanco1: Implications for Stellar Mixing
We obtain lithium abundances for G and K stars in Blanco 1, an open cluster with an age similar to, or slightly younger than, the Pleiades. We critically examine previous spectroscopic abundance analyses of Blanco 1 and conclude that while there were flaws in earlier work, it is likely that Blanco 1 is close in overall metallicity to the older Hyades cluster and more metal-rich than the Pleiades. However, we find Blanco 1 has Li abundances and rotation rates similar to the Pleiades, contradicting predictions from standard stellar evolution models, in which convective pre-main sequence (PMS) Li depletion should increase rapidly with metallicity. If the high metallicity of Blanco 1 is subsequently confirmed, our observations imply (1) that a currently unknown mechanism severely inhibits PMS Li depletion, (2) that additional non-standard mixing modes, such as those driven by rotation and angular momentum loss, are then responsible for main sequence Li depletion between the ages of Blanco 1 and the Hyades, and (3) that in clusters younger than the Hyades, metallicity plays only a minor role in determining the amount of Li depletion among G and K stars. These conclusions suggest that Li abundance remains a useful age indicator among young (less than 700 Myr) stars even when metallicities are unknown. If non-standard mixing is effective in Population I stars, the primordial Li abundance could be significantly larger than present day Population II Li abundances, due to prior Li depletion.
R. D. Jeffries; D. J. James
HELIUM COMPRESSOR MONITORING SYSTEM Donna Kubik
Compressor #9 Connectors Compressor #10 Connectors Compressor #11 Connector (LEDs) LED Timer and LED PowerHELIUM COMPRESSOR MONITORING SYSTEM Donna Kubik Arecibo Observatory #12;1 CONTENTS 1. Design goals 3 1.1 Features of the compressor monitoring system 4 2. EDAS: The basis of data acquisition 5 2
Light intensity compressor
In a system for recording images having vastly differing light intensities over the face of the image, a light intensity compressor is provided that utilizes the properties of twisted nematic liquid crystals to compress the image intensity. A photoconductor or photodiode material that is responsive to the wavelength of radiation being recorded is placed adjacent a layer of twisted nematic liquid crystal material. An electric potential applied to a pair of electrodes that are disposed outside of the liquid crystal/photoconductor arrangement to provide an electric field in the vicinity of the liquid crystal material. The electrodes are substantially transparent to the form of radiation being recorded. A pair of crossed polarizers are provided on opposite sides of the liquid crystal. The front polarizer linearly polarizes the light, while the back polarizer cooperates with the front polarizer and the liquid crystal material to compress the intensity of a viewed scene. Light incident upon the intensity compressor activates the photoconductor in proportion to the intensity of the light, thereby varying the field applied to the liquid crystal. The increased field causes the liquid crystal to have less of a twisting effect on the incident linearly polarized light, which will cause an increased percentage of the light to be absorbed by the back polarizer. The intensity of an image may be compressed by forming an image on the light intensity compressor.
Rushford, Michael C. (Livermore, CA)
Advanced Hybrid Water Heater using Electrochemical Compressor...
Energy Savers [EERE]
Advanced Hybrid Water Heater using Electrochemical Compressor Advanced Hybrid Water Heater using Electrochemical Compressor Xergy is using its Electro Chemical Compression (ECC)...
Conserve Energy by Optimizing Air Compressor System
is the compressed air plant(s), cating air compressors with one 60-hp and one 30-hp which many times include compressors, ancillary screw compressor; (2) the repiping of the existing equipment, and/or an operating sequence that is screw compressors cooling water...
Williams, V. A.
Dual capacity reciprocating compressor
A multi-cylinder compressor particularly useful in connection with northern climate heat pumps and in which different capacities are available in accordance with reversing motor rotation is provided with an eccentric cam on a crank pin under a fraction of the connecting rods, and arranged for rotation upon the crank pin between opposite positions 180[degree] apart so that with cam rotation on the crank pin such that the crank throw is at its normal maximum value all pistons pump at full capacity, and with rotation of the crank shaft in the opposite direction the cam moves to a circumferential position on the crank pin such that the overall crank throw is zero. Pistons whose connecting rods ride on a crank pin without a cam pump their normal rate with either crank rotational direction. Thus a small clearance volume is provided for any piston that moves when in either capacity mode of operation. 6 figs.
Wolfe, R.W.
A multi-cylinder compressor 10 particularly useful in connection with northern climate heat pumps and in which different capacities are available in accordance with reversing motor 16 rotation is provided with an eccentric cam 38 on a crank pin 34 under a fraction of the connecting rods, and arranged for rotation upon the crank pin between opposite positions 180.degree. apart so that with cam rotation on the crank pin such that the crank throw is at its normal maximum value all pistons pump at full capacity, and with rotation of the crank shaft in the opposite direction the cam moves to a circumferential position on the crank pin such that the overall crank throw is zero. Pistons 24 whose connecting rods 30 ride on a crank pin 36 without a cam pump their normal rate with either crank rotational direction. Thus a small clearance volume is provided for any piston that moves when in either capacity mode of operation.
Wolfe, Robert W. (Wilkinsburg, PA)
Free piston inertia compressor
A free piston inertia compressor comprises a piston assembly including a connecting rod having pistons on both ends, the cylinder being split into two substantially identical portions by a seal through which the connecting rod passes. Vents in the cylinder wall are provided near the seal to permit gas to excape the cylinder until the piston covers the vent whereupon the remaining gas in the cylinder functions as a gas spring and cushions the piston against impact on the seal. The connecting rod has a central portion of relatively small diameter providing free play of the connecting rod through the seal and end portions of relatively large diameter providing a limited tolerance between the connecting rod and the seal. Finally, the seal comprises a seal ring assembly consisting of a dampener plate, a free floating seal at the center of the dampener plate and a seal retainer plate in one face of the dampener plate.
Richards, William D. C. (King of Prussia, PA); Bilodeau, Denis (Phoenixville, PA); Marusak, Thomas (Loudenville, NY); Dutram, Jr., Leonard (Trappe, PA); Brady, Joseph (Telford, PA)
Bilodeau, D.; Brady, J.; Dutram, L.J.; Marusak, T.; Richards, W.D.
Semi-active compressor valve
A method and system for fine-tuning the motion of suction or discharge valves associated with cylinders of a reciprocating gas compressor, such as the large compressors used for natural gas transmission. The valve's primary driving force is conventional, but the valve also uses an electromagnetic coil to sense position of the plate (or other plugging element) and to provide an opposing force prior to impact.
Brun, Klaus (Helotes, TX); Gernentz, Ryan S. (San Antonio, TX)
Suction muffler for refrigeration compressor
A hermetic refrigeration compressor includes a suction muffler formed from two pieces of plastic material mounted on the cylinder housing. One piece is cylindrical in shape with an end wall having an aperture for receiving a suction tube connected to the cylinder head. The other piece fits over and covers the other end of the cylindrical piece, and includes a flaring entrance horn which extends toward the return line on the sidewall of the compressor shell. 5 figs.
Nelson, R.T.; Middleton, M.G.
Compressor bleed cooling fluid feed system
A compressor bleed cooling fluid feed system for a turbine engine for directing cooling fluids from a compressor to a turbine airfoil cooling system to supply cooling fluids to one or more airfoils of a rotor assembly is disclosed. The compressor bleed cooling fluid feed system may enable cooling fluids to be exhausted from a compressor exhaust plenum through a downstream compressor bleed collection chamber and into the turbine airfoil cooling system. As such, the suction created in the compressor exhaust plenum mitigates boundary layer growth along the inner surface while providing flow of cooling fluids to the turbine airfoils.
Donahoo, Eric E; Ross, Christopher W
The State of the Industrial Compressor Market
The industrial compressor industry in the United States has been operating in a textbook example of a mature market. No truly new compressor technology has been introduced in the past thirty years and there is none on the horizon. Competitive...
Perry, W.
Water injected fuel cell system compressor
A fuel cell system including a dry compressor for pressurizing air supplied to the cathode side of the fuel cell. An injector sprays a controlled amount of water on to the compressor's rotor(s) to improve the energy efficiency of the compressor. The amount of water sprayed out the rotor(s) is controlled relative to the mass flow rate of air inputted to the compressor.
Siepierski, James S. (Williamsville, NY); Moore, Barbara S. (Victor, NY); Hoch, Martin Monroe (Webster, NY)
Multiple volume compressor for hot gas engine
A multiple volume compressor for use in a hot gas (Stirling) engine having a plurality of different volume chambers arranged to pump down the engine when decreased power is called for and return the working gas to a storage tank or reservoir. A valve actuated bypass loop is placed over each chamber which can be opened to return gas discharged from the chamber back to the inlet thereto. By selectively actuating the bypass valves, a number of different compressor capacities can be attained without changing compressor speed whereby the capacity of the compressor can be matched to the power available from the engine which is used to drive the compressor.
Stotts, Robert E. (Clifton Park, NY)
Preliminary design of centrifugal compressors
Preliminary design calculations are analyzed for a centrifugal compressor, after choosing as the type of the turbomachine from the curves given by Balje (1981). In impeller calculations, the effect of slip factor on exit conditions, the inducer geometry and the effect of choked flow on relative Mach number are investigated. In discharge calculation vaned diffusers are compared with vaneless diffusers.
Kocak, S. [Selcuk Univ., Konya (Turkey). Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
Optimization of compression and storage requirements at hydrogen refueling stations.
The transition to hydrogen-powered vehicles requires detailed technical and economic analyses of all aspects of hydrogen infrastructure, including refueling stations. The cost of such stations is a major contributor to the delivered cost of hydrogen. Hydrogen refueling stations require not only dispensers to transfer fuel onto a vehicle, but also an array of such ancillary equipment as a cascade charging system, storage vessels, compressors and/or pumps/evaporators. This paper provides detailed information on design requirements for gaseous and liquid hydrogen refueling stations and their associated capital and operating costs, which in turn impact hydrogen selling price at various levels of hydrogen demand. It summarizes an engineering economics approach which captures the effect of variations in station size, seasonal, daily and hourly demand, and alternative dispensing rates and pressures on station cost. Tradeoffs in the capacity of refueling station compressors, storage vessels, and the cascade charging system result in many possible configurations for the station. Total costs can be minimized by optimizing that configuration. Using a methodology to iterate among the costs of compression, storage and cascade charging, it was found that the optimum hourly capacity of the compressor is approximately twice the station's average hourly demand, and the optimum capacity of the cascade charging system is approximately 15% of the station's average daily demand. Further, for an hourly demand profile typical of today's gasoline stations, onsite hydrogen storage equivalent to at least 1/3 of the station's average daily demand is needed to accommodate peak demand.
Elgowainy, A.; Mintz, M.; Kelly, B.; Hooks, M.; Paster, M. (Energy Systems); (Nexant, Inc.); (TIAX LLC)
HERA-B GAS HUT: Mixing stations OTR: 4,2 x 1,2 m
HERA-B GAS HUT: Mixing stations OTR: 4,2 x 1,2 m MUON tube + pad: 3,0 x 1,2 m 80 MUON pixel: 1,2x1 gas bottles Detector.xls(Gas hut) Page 1 J. Spengler 20.08.1997 #12;The compressors will be installed purifiers 2 compressors 1 compressors 1 spare 1 gas separator 1 7 spare 0,5 5 Muon tube MFC's + steering
Oil cooled, hermetic refrigerant compressor
A hermetic refrigerant compressor having an electric motor and compressor assembly in a hermetic shell is cooled by oil which is first cooled in an external cooler 18 and is then delivered through the shell to the top of the motor rotor 24 where most of it is flung radially outwardly within the confined space provided by the cap 50 which channels the flow of most of the oil around the top of the stator 26 and then out to a multiplicity of holes 52 to flow down to the sump and provide further cooling of the motor and compressor. Part of the oil descends internally of the motor to the annular chamber 58 to provide oil cooling of the lower part of the motor, with this oil exiting through vent hole 62 also to the sump. Suction gas with entrained oil and liquid refrigerant therein is delivered to an oil separator 68 from which the suction gas passes by a confined path in pipe 66 to the suction plenum 64 and the separated oil drops from the separator to the sump. By providing the oil cooling of the parts, the suction gas is not used for cooling purposes and accordingly increase in superheat is substantially avoided in the passage of the suction gas through the shell to the suction plenum 64.
English, William A. (Murrysville, PA); Young, Robert R. (Murrysville, PA)
A hermetic refrigerant compressor having an electric motor and compressor assembly in a hermetic shell is cooled by oil which is first cooled in an external cooler and is then delivered through the shell to the top of the motor rotor where most of it is flung radially outwardly within the confined space provided by the cap which channels the flow of most of the oil around the top of the stator and then out to a multiplicity of holes to flow down to the sump and provide further cooling of the motor and compressor. Part of the oil descends internally of the motor to the annular chamber to provide oil cooling of the lower part of the motor, with this oil exiting through vent hole also to the sump. Suction gas with entrained oil and liquid refrigerant therein is delivered to an oil separator from which the suction gas passes by a confined path in pipe to the suction plenum and the separated oil drops from the separator to the sump. By providing the oil cooling of the parts, the suction gas is not used for cooling purposes and accordingly increase in superheat is substantially avoided in the passage of the suction gas through the shell to the suction plenum. 3 figs.
English, W.A.; Young, R.R.
Metering Air Compressor Systems for Efficiency: A Progress Report
Air compressors have energy efficiency quantified as SCFM/BHP. However, this efficiency fluctuates over a broad range based on the loading of the compressor. When multiple compressors operate with varying loads, as in a central plant, the overall...
Joseph, B.
axial flow compressors: Topics by E-print Network
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
compressor performance Peraire, Jaime 126 FEASIBILITY OF SOLAR-FIRED, COMPRESSOR-ASSISTED Energy Storage, Conversion and Utilization Websites Summary: FEASIBILITY OF...
axial flow compressor: Topics by E-print Network
Refrigeration system having standing wave compressor
A compression-evaporation refrigeration system, wherein gaseous compression of the refrigerant is provided by a standing wave compressor. The standing wave compressor is modified so as to provide a separate subcooling system for the refrigerant, so that efficiency losses due to flashing are reduced. Subcooling occurs when heat exchange is provided between the refrigerant and a heat pumping surface, which is exposed to the standing acoustic wave within the standing wave compressor. A variable capacity and variable discharge pressure for the standing wave compressor is provided. A control circuit simultaneously varies the capacity and discharge pressure in response to changing operating conditions, thereby maintaining the minimum discharge pressure needed for condensation to occur at any time. Thus, the power consumption of the standing wave compressor is reduced and system efficiency is improved.
Lucas, Timothy S. (Glen Allen, VA)
Compressor ported shroud for foil bearing cooling
A compressor ported shroud takes compressed air from the shroud of the compressor before it is completely compressed and delivers it to foil bearings. The compressed air has a lower pressure and temperature than compressed outlet air. The lower temperature of the air means that less air needs to be bled off from the compressor to cool the foil bearings. This increases the overall system efficiency due to the reduced mass flow requirements of the lower temperature air. By taking the air at a lower pressure, less work is lost compressing the bearing cooling air.
Elpern, David G. (Los Angeles, CA); McCabe, Niall (Torrance, CA); Gee, Mark (South Pasadena, CA)
A methodology for centrifugal compressor stability prediction
The stable operation of centrifugal compressors is limited by well-known phenomena, rotating stall and surge. Although the manifestation of the full scale instabilities is similar to the ones observed in axial machines, ...
Benneke, Bj÷rn
Method and apparatus for starting supersonic compressors
A supersonic gas compressor with bleed gas collectors, and a method of starting the compressor. The compressor includes aerodynamic duct(s) situated for rotary movement in a casing. The aerodynamic duct(s) generate a plurality of oblique shock waves for efficiently compressing a gas at supersonic conditions. A convergent inlet is provided adjacent to a bleed gas collector, and during startup of the compressor, bypass gas is removed from the convergent inlet via the bleed gas collector, to enable supersonic shock stabilization. Once the oblique shocks are stabilized at a selected inlet relative Mach number and pressure ratio, the bleed of bypass gas from the convergent inlet via the bypass gas collectors is effectively eliminated.
Lawlor, Shawn P
Improved return passages for multistage centrifugal compressors
This thesis presents a design concept for return passages in multistage centrifugal compressors. Flow in a baseline return passage is analyzed to identify loss sources that have substantial potential for reduction. For the ...
Glass, Benjamin W., S.M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Economics of Electric Compressors for Gas Transmission
) option. Outside of these regions, new electric drives as well as gas fueled reciprocating engines and turbines are being considered for replacement of older reciprocating gas engines and compressor units, based on improved operating efficiency. We review...
Schmeal, W. R.; Hibbs, J. J.
Probabilistic analysis of meanline compressor rotor performance
This thesis addresses variability in aerodynamic performance of a compressor rotor due to geometric variation. The performance of the rotor is computed using a meanline model that includes the effect of tip clearance ...
Fitzgerald, Nathan Andrew, 1980-
Probabilistic aerothermal design of compressor airfoils
Despite the generally accepted notion that geometric variability is undesirable in turbomachinery airfoils, little is known in detail about its impact on aerothermal compressor performance. In this work, statistical and ...
Garz¾n, VĒctor E., 1972-
Hydrogen pipeline compressors annual progress report.
The objectives are: (1) develop advanced materials and coatings for hydrogen pipeline compressors; (2) achieve greater reliability, greater efficiency, and lower capital in vestment and maintenance costs in hydrogen pipeline compressors; and (3) research existing and novel hydrogen compression technologies that can improve reliability, eliminate contamination, and reduce cost. Compressors are critical components used in the production and delivery of hydrogen. Current reciprocating compressors used for pipeline delivery of hydrogen are costly, are subject to excessive wear, have poor reliability, and often require the use of lubricants that can contaminate the hydrogen (used in fuel cells). Duplicate compressors may be required to assure availability. The primary objective of this project is to identify, and develop as required, advanced materials and coatings that can achieve the friction, wear, and reliability requirements for dynamically loaded components (seal and bearings) in high-temperature, high-pressure hydrogen environments prototypical of pipeline and forecourt compressor systems. The DOE Strategic Directions for Hydrogen Delivery Workshop identified critical needs in the development of advanced hydrogen compressors - notably, the need to minimize moving parts and to address wear through new designs (centrifugal, linear, guided rotor, and electrochemical) and improved compressor materials. The DOE is supporting several compressor design studies on hydrogen pipeline compression specifically addressing oil-free designs that demonstrate compression in the 0-500 psig to 800-1200 psig range with significant improvements in efficiency, contamination, and reliability/durability. One of the designs by Mohawk Innovative Technologies Inc. (MiTi{reg_sign}) involves using oil-free foil bearings and seals in a centrifual compressor, and MiTi{reg_sign} identified the development of bearings, seals, and oil-free tribological coatings as crucial to the successful development of an advanced compressor. MiTi{reg_sign} and ANL have developed potential coatings for these rigorous applications; however, the performance of these coatings (as well as the nickel-alloy substrates) in high-temperature, high-speed hydrogen environments is unknown at this point.
Fenske, G. R.; Erck, R. A. (Energy Systems)
Hydrogen refueling station costs in Shanghai
High-pressure hydrogen compressor Compressed hydrogenapplies to hydrogen storage vessels and compressors. 2.4.4.vehicles. 3. Compressor: compresses hydrogen gas to achieve
Weinert, Jonathan X.; Shaojun, Liu; Ogden, Joan M; Jianxin, Ma
Hydrogen Refueling Station Costs in Shanghai
High-pressure hydrogen compressor Compressed hydrogento hydrogen storage vessels and compressors. Feedstock Costvehicles 3. Compressor: compresses hydrogen gas to achieve
Weinert, Jonathan X.; Shaojun, Liu; Ogden, J; Jianxin, Ma
Aerodynamic performance measurements in a counter-rotating aspirated compressor
This thesis is an experimental investigation of the aerodynamic performances of a counter-rotating aspirated compressor. This compressor is implemented in a blow-down facility, which gives rigorous simulation of the ...
Onnķe, Jean-Franńois
Development of a body force description for compressor stability assessment
This thesis presents a methodology for a body force description of a compressor with particular application to compressor stability calculations. The methodology is based on extracting blade forces from an axisymmetric ...
Kiwada, George (George Ford)
Considerations in Dealing with the Risk of a Compressor Failure
Many plants do not have sufficient backup compressor capacity and risk having production outages due to compressor failures. Today, system designs are available that can eliminate this risk; however, there is a cost associated with doing so...
Beals, C. E.
Development of a body force model for centrifugal compressors
This project is focused on modeling the internal ow in centrifugal compressors for the purpose of assessing the onset of rotating stall and surge. The current methods to determine centrifugal compressor stability limits ...
Kottapalli, Anjaney Pramod
Impact of geometric variability on compressor repeating-stage performance
The impact of geometric variability on compressor performance is investigated using a compressor repeating-stage model based on well-known correlations for profile losses, endwall blockage, deviation, and the onset of ...
Vincent, Antoine, 1979-
A supersonic gas compressor. The compressor includes aerodynamic duct(s) situated on a rotor journaled in a casing. The aerodynamic duct(s) generate a plurality of oblique shock waves for efficiently compressing a gas at supersonic conditions. The convergent inlet is adjacent to a bleed air collector, and during acceleration of the rotor, bypass gas is removed from the convergent inlet via a collector to enable supersonic shock stabilization. Once the oblique shocks are stabilized at a selected inlet relative Mach number and pressure ratio, the bleed of bypass gas from the convergent inlet via the bypass gas collectors is eliminated.
Lawlor, Shawn P. (Bellevue, WA)
Introducing Back-up to Active Compressor Surge Control System
in a system with increased performance by taking advantage of both systems. Keywords: centrifugal compressorIntroducing Back-up to Active Compressor Surge Control System Nur Uddin Jan Tommy Gravdahl for introducing a back-up system to an active compressor surge control system is presented in this paper. Active
Gravdahl, Jan Tommy
Modeling and Control of Surge and Rotating Stall in Compressors
in connection with acceleration of the compressor. Finally, a model for a centrifugal compression systemModeling and Control of Surge and Rotating Stall in Compressors Dr.ing. thesis Jan Tommy Gravdahl of rotating stall and surge in compressors. A close coupled valve is included in the Moore
Most BurrowsWheeler Based Compressors are Not Optimal
Most Burrows┬ŁWheeler Based Compressors are Not Optimal Haim Kaplan and Elad Verbin School.26, and 1.29, for each of the three compressors respectively. Our technique is robust, and can be used to prove similar claims for most BWT┬Łbased compressors (with a few notable exceptions). This stands
Kaplan, Haim
Active surge control of centrifugal compressors using drive torque
the operating range of the machine, and ef- ficiency is limited. Usually a recycle line around the compressor recycling, and there is a potential for reduced energy consumption of the compressor. Electric driveActive surge control of centrifugal compressors using drive torque Jan Tommy Gravdahl , Olav
of Reciprocating Hydrogen Compressor Costs: (Industry)Summary of Diaphragm Hydrogen Compressor Costs (Industry)vs. delivered hydrogen, compressor type, storage pressure).
Lipman, T E; Weinert, Jonathan X.
of Reciprocating Hydrogen Compressor Costs: (Industry)of Diaphragm Hydrogen Compressor Costs (Industry) Capacity (kWh/kg includes compressor) Capital Costs Hydrogen Equipment
Power Characteristics of Industrial Air Compressors
and with different loads are discussed as case studies. The case studies illustrate how to identify the type of control, and potential problems such as inadequate compressed air storage, over-sized compressors, and compressed air leaks from the power signatures...
Schmidt, C.; Kissock, K.
May 2011 Groundwater and Surface Water Sampling at the Rio Blanco, Colorado, Site (Data Validation Package)
Annual sampling was conducted at the Rio Blanco, Colorado, site for the Long-Term Hydrologic Monitoring Program May 16-17, 2011, to monitor groundwater and surface water for potential radionuclide contamination. Sampling and analyses were conducted as specified in Sampling and Analysis Plan for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Legacy Management Sites (LMS/PRO/S04351, continually updated). A duplicate sample was collected from location Johnson Artesian WL. Samples were analyzed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Radiation&Indoor Environments National Laboratory in Las Vegas, Nevada. Samples were analyzed for gamma-emitting radionuclides by high-resolution gamma spectrometry, and for tritium using the conventional method. Tritium was not measured using the enrichment method because the EPA laboratory no longer offers that service. Results of this monitoring at the Rio Blanco site demonstrate that groundwater and surface water outside the boundaries have not been affected by project-related contaminants.
May 2012 Groundwater and Surface Water Sampling at the Rio Blanco, Colorado, Site (Data Validation Package)
Annual sampling was conducted at the Rio Blanco, Colorado, site for the Long-Term Hydrologic Monitoring Program May 9-10, 2012, to monitor groundwater and surface water for potential radionuclide contamination. Sampling and analyses were conducted as specified in Sampling and Analysis Plan for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Legacy Management Sites (LMS/PRO/S04351, continually updated). A duplicate sample was collected from location Johnson Artesian WL. Samples were analyzed for gamma-emitting radionuclides by high-resolution gamma spectrometry and for tritium using the conventional and enrichment methods. Results of this monitoring at the Rio Blanco site demonstrate that groundwater and surface water outside the site boundaries have not been affected by project-related contaminants.
Rio Blanco, Colorado, Long-Term Hydrologic Monitoring Program Sampling and Analysis Results for 2009
The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Legacy Management conducted annual sampling at the Rio Blanco, Colorado, Site, for the Long-Term Hydrologic Monitoring Program (LTHMP) on May 13 and 14, 2009. Samples were analyzed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Radiation&Indoor Environments National Laboratory in Las Vegas, Nevada. Samples were analyzed for gamma-emitting radionuclides by high-resolution gamma spectroscopy and tritium using the conventional and enriched methods.
Refrigerator with a clearance seal compressor
In a Stirling refrigeration system in which a displacer is driven in a reciprocating motion within a cold finger by a pressure differential between helium gas in the cold finger and helium gas in a gas spring volume, the reciprocating piston compressor for the working volume has a clearance seal between the working volume and a control volume. The only lubricant in that seal is the helium gas. The mean pressure of the working volume relative to the control volume can be controlled by varying the length of the clearance seal throughout the stroke of the piston. Preferably, the seal is between alumina ceramic sleeves. The clearance seal compressor may also be used in a Gifford-McMahon cycle.
Holland, N. J.
Combined cold compressor/ejector helium refrigerator
A refrigeration apparatus having an ejector operatively connected with a cold compressor to form a two-stage pumping system. This pumping system is used to lower the pressure, and thereby the temperature of a bath of boiling refrigerant (helium). The apparatus as thus arranged and operated has substantially improved operating efficiency when compared to other processes or arrangements for achieving a similar low pressure.
Brown, D.P.
Brown, Donald P. (Southold, NY)
Metal hydride (MH) thermal sorption compression is an efficient and reliable method allowing a conversion of energy from heat into a compressed hydrogen gas. The most important component of such a thermal engine the metal hydride material itself should possess several material features in order to achieve an efficient performance in the hydrogen compression. Apart from the hydrogen storage characteristics important for every solid H storage material (e.g. gravimetric and volumetric efficiency of H storage, hydrogen sorption kinetics and effective thermal conductivity), the thermodynamics of the metal-hydrogen systems is of primary importance resulting in a temperature dependence of the absorption/desorption pressures). Several specific features should be optimized to govern the performance of the MH-compressors including synchronisation of the pressure plateaus for multi-stage compressors, reduction of slope of the isotherms and hysteresis, increase of cycling stability and life time, together with challenges in system design associated with volume expansion of the metal matrix during the hydrogenation. The present review summarises numerous papers and patent literature dealing with MH hydrogen compression technology. The review considers (a) fundamental aspects of materials development with a focus on structure and phase equilibria in the metal-hydrogen systems suitable for the hydrogen compression; and (b) applied aspects, including their consideration from the applied thermodynamic viewpoint, system design features and performances of the metal hydride compressors and major applications.
Bowman Jr, Robert C [ORNL] [ORNL; Yartys, Dr. Volodymyr A. [Institute for Energy Technology (IFE)] [Institute for Energy Technology (IFE); Lototskyy, Dr. Michael V [University of the Western Cape, South Africa] [University of the Western Cape, South Africa; Pollet, Dr. B.G. [University of the Western Cape, South Africa
Analysis and developpment of a Turbivo compressor for MRV applications
The mechanical vapor recompression is an efficient process to decrease energy consumption of drying processes. In order to use the mechanical vapor recompression (MVR) in residential clothe dryers, the volumetric Turbivo technology is used to design a dry water vapor compressor. The Turbivo volumetric machine is composed mainly of a rotor with one blade, a stator, and a mobile oscillating thrust. The advantages of Turbivo(R) technology are the absence of contact between rotor and stator as well as the oil-free operation. A model of the Turbivo compressor, including kinematic, dynamic, and thermodynamic analysis is presented. The compressor internal tightness is ensured by a surface treatment of the compressor components. Using the model, a water vapor Turbivo compressor of 12m3/h and compression ratio of 5 has been sized and realized. The compressor prototype will be tested on a dedicated test bench to characterize its volumetric and isentropic efficiencies.
Ksayer, Elias Boulawz
Elias Boulawz Ksayer; Denis Clodic
Study of casing treatment effects in axial flow compressors
to in- creased tip leakage between shroud and blade tip. Figure (I) shows a typical performance curve for an axial flow compressor. Note that as pressure ratio increases, the operating 'range between surge and stall is decreased, there by reducing... the surge to stall margin of the axial flow compressor. REFERENCES I 1 ~ 4 Koch, C. C. , "Experimental Evaluation of Outer Case Blowing or Bleeding of Single Stage Axial Flow Compressor". , Part IV. Rep. R 69AEG256, General Electric Co. , (NASA CR...
Schiller, Robert Neil
A method of predicting surge in centrifugal compressors
, x2, x3) coordinate system Re TPR Reynolds number clearance temperature compressor total pressure ratio blade speed absolute fluid velocity relative fluid velocity (x, y, z) inertial, Cartesian coordinate system (xl, x2, x3) non... two subdivisions. a. To determine the compressor efficiency as a depen- dent of speed and flow variables. b. To express the total pressure ratio across the compressor as a function of the flow, efficiency and the speed of impeller rotation...
Elchuri, Vijayvardhan
Critical speed measurements in the Tevatron cold compressors
The Fermilab Tevatron cryogenic system utilizes high-speed centrifugal cold compressors, manufactured by Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co. Ltd. (IHI), for high energy operations. Nominal operating range for these compressors is 43,000 to 85,000 rpm. Past foil bearing failures prompted investigation to determine if critical speeds for operating compressors fall within operating range. Data acquisition hardware and software settings will be discussed for measuring liftoff, first critical and second critical speeds. Several tests provided comparisons between an optical displacement probe and accelerometer measurements. Vibration data and analysis of the 20 Tevatron ring cold compressors will be presented.
DeGraff, B.; Bossert, R.; Martinez, A.; Soyars, W.M.; /Fermilab
Compression station key to Texas pipeline project
This was probably the largest pipeline project in the US last year, and the largest in Texas in the last decade. The new compressor station is a key element in this project. TECO, its servicing dealer, and compression packager worked closely throughout the planning and installation stages of the project. To handle the amount of gas required, TECO selected the GEMINI F604-1 compressor, a four-throw, single-stage unit with a six-inch stroke manufactured by Weatherford Enterra Compression Co. (WECC) in Corpus Christi, TX. TECO also chose WECC to package the compressors. Responsibility for ongoing support of the units will be shared among TECO, the service dealer and the packager. TECO is sending people to be trained by WECC, and because the G3600 family of engines is still relatively new, both the Caterpillar dealer and WECC sent people for advanced training at Caterpillar facilities in Peoria, IL. As part of its service commitment to TECO, the servicing dealer drew up a detailed product support plan, encompassing these five concerns: Training, tooling; parts support; service support; and commissioning.
Numerical simulation of the impeller tip clearance effect on centrifugal compressor performance
This thesis presents the numerical simulation of flow in centrifugal compressors. A three-dimensional Navier-Stokes solver was employed to simulate flow through two centrifugal compressors. The first compressor simulated was the NASA low speed...
Hoenninger, Corbett Reed
May 2013 Groundwater and Surface Water Sampling at the Rio Blanco, Colorado, Site (Data Validation Package)
Annual sampling was conducted at the Rio Blanco, Colorado, site for the Long-Term Hydrologic Monitoring Program May 14-16, 2013, to monitor groundwater and surface water for potential radionuclide contamination. Sampling and analyses were conducted as specified in Sampling and Analysis Plan for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Legacy Management Sites (LMS/PRO/S04351, continually updated). A duplicate sample was collected from location CER #1 Black Sulphur. Samples were analyzed for gamma-emitting radionuclides by high-resolution gamma spectrometry and for tritium using the conventional and enrichment methods.
ESD.S43 Green Supply Chain Management Blanco, Craig & Bateman Spring 2014 1 ESD.S43 Green Supply Chain Management
chain systems. Topics covered include: closed-loop supply chains, reverse logistics systems, carbon 2 4/2 Closing the Loop (E.Blanco) (i) & (ii) Pre-reading Questions 3 4/7 Invited Speaker Project Deliverable #1 4 4/9 Carbon Footprinting (E.Blanco & A.Craig) (iii) Case Questions Pre-reading Questions 5 4
Goldwasser, Shafi
The selection of climatic-variation reference stations in the continental United States using historical information and statistical methods
Cooperative Program Manager' s area of responsibility . . 13 Substation history for Leakesville, Mississippi. 14 Location of selected reference stations. 18 Blanco-tau difference series using January mean maximum temperatures for 1907-16. Lines on either... Colorado Connecticut* Florida Georgia Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maryland Massachusettes* Michigan Minnesota Missouri Montana Nebraska New Hampshire New York Nor th Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma...
Love, James Hamilton
to hydrogen storage vessels and compressors. Feedstock CostHydrogen Production Equipment Purifier Storage System Compressor Dispenser Additional Equipment Installation Costshydrogen equipment costs. Meyers [2] provides an in depth analyses of reformer, compressor, and storage equipment costs.
Drive torque actuation in active surge control of centrifugal compressors
an approximation of a real compression system. 1 #12;CompressorShaft Electric drive Active surge control law Shaft (1999b) or Willems and de Jager (1999). In this study, which is on compressors with electrical drives, we propose to use the electrical drive as a means of active surge control, as depicted in Figure 1.
Small core axial compressors for high efficiency jet aircraft
This thesis quantifies mechanisms that limit efficiency in small core axial compressors, defined here as compressor exit corrected flow between 1.5 and 3.0 lbm/s. The first part of the thesis describes why a small engine ...
DiOrio, Austin Graf
Energy Efficient Implementation of Parallel CMOS Multipliers with Improved Compressors
Energy Efficient Implementation of Parallel CMOS Multipliers with Improved Compressors Dursun Baran constraints. It is shown that Non-Booth mul- tipliers start to become more energy efficient for strict delay targets. In addition, novel 3:2 and 4:2 compressors are pre- sented to save energy at the same target
California at Davis, University of
Coherence Progress: A Measure of Interestingness Based on Fixed Compressors
has been investigated in various ways in the literature, ranging from early work by Wundt [9] (seeCoherence Progress: A Measure of Interestingness Based on Fixed Compressors Tom Schaul, Leo Pape in observations to store them in a compact form, called a compressor. The search for interesting patterns can
Schmidhuber, Juergen
New compressor systems seen paring refrigeration costs 15%
Manufacturers claim that a parallel arrangement of three to five compressors of varying capacities can lower a store's refrigerating costs over 15%. The energy savings come from the more-precise matching of compressor capacity with refrigeration demand. The 500 stores that have installed uneven compressor systems are achieving a payback in under a year. Because it is important for controls to match a system for maximum efficiency, manufacturers are introducing tailor-made microprocessor controllers. A table summarizes three supermarket case histories. (DCK)
Barber, J.
3-7: Booster Compressor Costs 3.5 Hydrogen PurificationkWh/kg includes compressor) Capital Costs Hydrogen EquipmentHydrogen Equipment Purifier Storage System Compressor Dispenser Additional Equipment Installation Costs
Compensating effect of the coherent synchrotron radiation in bunch compressors
DOE Public Access Gateway for Energy & Science Beta (PAGES Beta)
Typical bunch compression for a high-gain free-electron laser (FEL) requires a large compression ratio. Frequently, this compression is distributed in multiple stages along the beam transport line. However, for a high-gain FEL driven by an energy recovery linac (ERL), compression must be accomplished in a single strong compressor located at the beam lineÆs end; otherwise the electron beam would be affected severely by coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) in the ERLÆs arcs. In such a scheme, the CSR originating from the strong compressors could greatly degrade the quality of the electron beam. In this paper, we present our design for a bunch compressor that will limit the effect of CSR on the e-beamÆs quality. We discuss our findings from a study of such a compressor, and detail its potential for an FEL driven by a multipass ERL developed for the electron-Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider.
Jing, Yichao; Hao, Yue; Litvinenko, Vladimir N.
An investigation of real gas effects in supercritical CO? compressors
This thesis presents a comprehensive assessment of real gas effects on the performance and matching of centrifugal compressors operating with CO2 at supercritical conditions. The analytical framework combines first principles ...
Baltadjiev, Nikola D. (Nikola Dimitrov)
Multi-parameter control for centrifugal compressor performance optimization
The potential performance benefit of actuating inlet guide vane (IGV) angle, variable diffuser vane (VDV) angle and impeller speed to implement a multi-parameter control on a centrifugal compressor system is assessed. The ...
Mannai, Sķbastien (Sķbastien Karim)
Non-intrusive fault detection in reciprocating compressors
This thesis presents a set of techniques for non-intrusive sensing and fault detection in reciprocating compressors driven by induction motors. The procedures developed here are "non-intrusive" because they rely only on ...
Schantz, Christopher James
Forced response predictions in modern centrifugal compressor design
A computational interrogation of the time-averaged and time-unsteady flow fields of two centrifugal compressors of nearly identical design (the enhanced, which encountered aeromechanical difficulty, and production, which ...
Smythe, Caitlin J. (Caitlin Jeanne)
Characterization of unsteady flow processes in a centrifugal compressor stage
Numerical experiments have been implemented to characterize the unsteady loading on the rotating impeller blades in a modem centrifugal compressor. These consist of unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier Stokes simulations of ...
Gould, Kenneth A. (Kenneth Arthur)
Centrifugal compressor return channel shape optimization using adjoint method
This thesis describes the construction of an automated gradient-based optimization process using the adjoint method and its application to centrifugal compressor return channel loss reduction. A proper objective function ...
Guo, Wei, S.M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Return channel loss reduction in multi-stage centrifugal compressors
This thesis presents concepts for improving the performance of return channels in multi-stage centrifugal compressors. Geometries have been developed to reduce both separation and viscous losses. A number of different ...
Aubry, Anne-Raphaļlle
Energy conversion using thermal transpiration : optimization of a Knudsen compressor
Knudsen compressors are devices without any moving parts that use the nanoscale phenomenon of thermal transpiration to pump or compress a gas. Thermal transpiration takes place when a gas is in contact with a solid boundary ...
Klein, Toby A. (Toby Anna)
Development of Inexpensive Turbo Compressor/Expanders for Industrial Use
within the bearing housing/. It contains the lube oil inlet port, the supply passages to the bearings and oil dra1 port. The bearing housing connects both thel turbine and compressor throughinteg~lal support flanges which are arranged 0 each end... was introduced. Drawings were made in sufficient detail and clarity to effect a smooth procurement and manufacturing program. The turbine and compressor wheels were dynamically balanced individually before plating and as an assembly after plating. To avoid...
Jacox, J. W.
Hyper dispersion pulse compressor for chirped pulse amplification systems
A grating pulse compressor configuration is introduced for increasing the optical dispersion for a given footprint and to make practical the application for chirped pulse amplification (CPA) to quasi-narrow bandwidth materials, such as Nd:YAG. The grating configurations often use cascaded pairs of gratings to increase angular dispersion an order of magnitude or more. Increased angular dispersion allows for decreased grating separation and a smaller compressor footprint.
Barty, Christopher P. J. (Hayward, CA)
Unwinding the Spin on Variable Speed Drive Air Compressors
, the spinners lead us to believe that every VSD compressor has a turndown of 80 percent or better. Ģ Nameplate Horsepower ¢ The spinners stated horsepower is often not the required horsepower. Ģ Constant Pressure ¢ A manufacturer states, ōLine pressures... held within one psiö, while another states, ōLine pressures held within ▒ 1.5 psiö. Still another manufacturer states, ōHigh process stabilityö. Due to these statements, compressor sales personnel often make the statement, ōIf you install a VSD...
Screw Type Steam Compressors for Mechanical Vapor Recompression (MVR) Systems
to a usable pressure for reinjection into the process stream. Mycom has developed, designed and installed two large MVR systems using screw compressors: one for a brewery and the other for a whiskey plant. This paper discusses the system aspects... have been slowly adopted and restricted by the mechanical limitations of these compressors. Some of these limitations include: - Low Compression Ratio Poor Durability With Mist - Erosion - Corrosion, etc. The screw steam compression heat pump...
Kawamura, K.; Apaloo, Thomas-L.
This document is the final report for the ''Advanced Compressor Engine Controls to Enhance Operation, Reliability, and Integrity'' project. SwRI conducted this project for DOE in conjunction with Cooper Compression, under DOE contract number DE-FC26-03NT41859. This report addresses an investigation of engine controls for integral compressor engines and the development of control strategies that implement closed-loop NOX emissions feedback.
Gary D. Bourn; Jess W. Gingrich; Jack A. Smith
Development and Testing of a Screw Compressor Supermarket Refrigeration System: Phase II, Final Report.
A laboratory prototype screw compressor refrigeration system was designed, fabricated and tested under various evaporator and ambient conditions. The design is based on a Dunham-Bush vertical hermetic screw compressor and other standard refrigeration components. Results indicate that a screw compressor rack with vapor injection can increase the thermodynamic efficiency of low temperature refrigeration in supermarkets by 20 to 28% compared to multiple reciprocating compressor racks. The payback period of the screw compressor refrigeration system relative to multiple reciprocating compressor systems is 1.1 to 1.5 years and the net present value savings range from 15 to 22 thousand dollars.
Borhanian, H. Hamed; Toscano, William M.; Lee, Kang P.
Downhole steam generator having a downhole oxidant compressor
Apparatus and method for generation of steam in a borehole for penetration into an earth formation wherein a downhole oxidant compressor is used to compress relatively low pressure (atmospheric) oxidant, such as air, to a relatively high pressure prior to mixing with fuel for combustion. The multi-stage compressor receives motive power through a shaft driven by a gas turbine powered by the hot expanding combustion gases. The main flow of compressed oxidant passes through a velocity increasing nozzle formed by a reduced central section of the compressor housing. An oxidant bypass feedpipe leading to peripheral oxidant injection nozzles of the combustion chamber are also provided. The downhole compressor allows effective steam generation in deep wells without need for high pressure surface compressors. Feedback preheater means are provided for preheating fuel in a preheat chamber. Preheating of the water occurs in both a water feed line running from aboveground and in a countercurrent water flow channel surrounding the combustor assembly. The countercurrent water flow channels advantageously serve to cool the combustion chamber wall. The water is injected through slotted inlets along the combustion chamber wall to provide an unstable boundary layer and stripping of the water from the wall for efficient steam generation. Pressure responsive doors are provided at the steam outlet for closing and sealing the combustion chamber from entry of reservoir fluids in the event of a flameout.
Fox, Ronald L. (Albuquerque, NM)
Development of an Electrochemical Separator and Compressor
Global conversion to sustainable energy is likely to result in a hydrogen-based economy that supports U.S. energy security objectives while simultaneously avoiding harmful carbon emissions. A key hurdle to successful implementation of a hydrogen economy is the low-cost generation, storage, and distribution of hydrogen. One of the most difficult requirements of this transformation is achieving economical, high density hydrogen storage in passenger vehicles. Transportation applications may require compression and storage of high purity hydrogen up to 12,000 psi. Hydrogen production choices range from centralized low-pressure generation of relatively impure gas in large quantities from steam-methane reformer plants to distributed generation of hydrogen under moderate pressure using water electrolysis. The Electrochemical Hydrogen Separator + Compressor (EHS+C) technology separates hydrogen from impurities and then compresses it to high pressure without any moving parts. The Phase I effort resulted in the construction and demonstration of a laboratory-scale hardware that can separate and compress hydrogen from reformate streams. The completion of Phase I has demonstrated at the laboratory scale the efficient separation and compression of hydrogen in a cost effective manner. This was achieved by optimizing the design of the Electrochemical Hydrogen Compression (EHC) cell hardware and verified by parametric testing in single cell hardware. A broad range of commercial applications exist for reclamation of hydrogen. One use this technology would be in combination with commercial fuel cells resulting in a source of clean power, heat, and compressed hydrogen. Other applications include the reclamation of hydrogen from power plants and other industrial equipment where it is used for cooling, recovery of process hydrogen from heat treating processes, and semiconductor fabrication lines. Hydrogen can also be recovered from reformate streams and cryogenic boil-offs using this technology.
Trent Molter
A simple criterion for three-dimensional flow separation in axial compressors
Most modem blade designs in axial-flow compressors diffuse the flow efficiently over 20% to 80% of blade span and it is the endwall regions that set the limits in compressor performance. This thesis addresses the estimation, ...
Lei, Vai-Man
Application of a design optimization strategy to multi-stage compressor matching
A major challenge in the design of multi-stage compressors is the matching of stages to enable stable operation over a large range of mass flows and operating conditions. Particularly in turbofan low-pressure compressors, ...
Bert, Jķr¶me
Noise Reduction of Centrifugal Compressors using Array of Quarter Wavelength Resonators
compressor is studied, which is aimed to reduce the tonal noise of the compressor. In order to optimally design the quarter-wavelength resonators, numerical simulations are performed by using a commercial software package, COMSOL Multiphysics ¢ Acoustics...
Ye, Nan
Turbo-alternator-compressor design for supercritical high density working fluids
Techniques for generating power are provided. Such techniques involve a thermodynamic system including a housing, a turbine positioned in a turbine cavity of the housing, a compressor positioned in a compressor cavity of the housing, and an alternator positioned in a rotor cavity between the turbine and compressor cavities. The compressor has a high-pressure face facing an inlet of the compressor cavity and a low-pressure face on an opposite side thereof. The alternator has a rotor shaft operatively connected to the turbine and compressor, and is supported in the housing by bearings. Ridges extending from the low-pressure face of the compressor may be provided for balancing thrust across the compressor. Seals may be positioned about the alternator for selectively leaking fluid into the rotor cavity to reduce the temperature therein.
Wright, Steven A.; Fuller, Robert L.
Design and operation of a counter-rotating aspirated compressor blowdown test facility
A unique counter-rotating aspirated compressor was tested in a blowdown facility at the Gas Turbine Laboratory at MIT. The facility expanded on experience from previous blowdown turbine and blowdown compressor experiments. ...
Parker, David V. (David Vickery)
Commissioning of the LCLS Linac and Bunch Compressors
The Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) is a SASE x-ray Free-Electron Laser (FEL) project under construction at SLAC [1]. The injector section, from drive-laser and RF photocathode gun through the first bunch compressor, was commissioned in the spring and summer of 2007. The second phase of commissioning, including the second bunch compressor and various main linac modifications, was completed in January through August of 2008. We report here on experience gained during this second phase of machine commissioning, including the injector, the first and second bunch compressor stages, the linac up to 14 GeV, and beam stability measurements. The final commissioning phase, including the undulator and the long transport line from the linac, is set to begin in December 2008, with first light expected in July 2009.
Akre, R.; Brachmann, A.; Decker, F.-J.; Ding, Y.; Dowell, D.; Emma#, P.; Frisch, J.; Gilevich, S.; Hays, G.; Hering, Ph.; Huang, Z.; Iverson, R.; Limborg-Deprey, C.; Loos, H.; Molloy, S.; Miahnahri, A.; Nuhn, H.-D.; Ratner, D.; Turner, J.; Welch, J.; White, W.; /SLAC
A cryogenic axial-centrifugal compressor for superfluid helium refrigeration
CERN's new project, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), will use superfluid helium as coolant for its high-field superconducting magnets and therefore require large capacity refrigeration at 1.8 K. This may only be achieved by subatmospheric compression of gaseous helium at cryogenic temperature. To stimulate development of this technology, CERN has procured from industry prototype Cold Compressor Units (CCU). This unit is based on a cryogenic axial-centrifugal compressor, running on ceramic ball bearings and driven by a variable-frequency electrical motor operating under low-pressure helium at ambient temperature. The machine has been commissioned and is now in operation. After describing basic constructional features of the compressor, we report on measured performance.
Decker, L; Schustr, P; Vins, M; Brunovsky, I; Lebrun, P; Tavian, L
Development and Testing of a Screw Compressor Supermarket Refrigeration System. Phase I Final Report.
Aspen Systems, Inc. has completed the design and performance evaluation for a screw compressor refrigeration system for supermarket application. A major advantage of such a system is its ability to exactly match the compressor capacity to the refrigeration load. The capacity modulation of the compressor is performed by the repositioning of an infinitely adjustable slide valve. Another advantage of this system is its compatibility with vapor injection which is an inexpensive and reliable method of liquid subcooling and compressor intercooling.
Borhanian, H.H.; Toscano, W.M.
An investigation of axial-flow compressor blade treatments
of axial-flow compressor [5] . According to Schlicting [1], the basic methods of controlling the boundary layer on a body are (1) relative motion of the body surface w1th the flow, (2) acceleration of the boundary layer by blowing, (3) suction, (0) in...c methods. The literature survey revealed that three d1fferent techn1ques of boundary layer oontrol have been investigated for applicat1on to axial- flow compressor bladingi these are (1) the slotted blade, (2) the blade shape designed for a...
Sangerhausen, Charles Roger
Polyol esters as HFC-134a compressor lubricants
A polyol ester-based lubricant has been applied to HFC-134a household refrigerator compressors, because of its good miscibility with HFC-134a refrigerant, and there is a possibility that it will be applied to automobile air conditions. For better performance, further improvements are needed regarding miscibility, lubricity and chemical stability of the lubricant, because such systems are often used under extreme conditions. This report discusses the required properties and ways to improve performance of polyol esters as HFC-134a compressor lubricants. 7 refs., 14 figs., 4 tabs.
Komatsuzaki, S.; Homma, Y.; Itoh, Y. [Hitachi Ltd. (Japan)] [and others
2009-32-0176/20097176 Miniature HCCI Free-Piston Engine Compressor
SETC2009 2009-32-0176/20097176 Miniature HCCI Free-Piston Engine Compressor For Orthosis charge compression ignition (HCCI) free-piston engine compressor aimed at an ankle-foot orthosis that the HCCI free- piston engine compressor, designed in a prototype package scale of about 80x40x20 mm
Durfee, William K.
Drive actuation in active control of centrifugal compressors Jan Tommy Gravdahl and Olav Egeland
Drive actuation in active control of centrifugal compressors Jan Tommy Gravdahl and Olav Egeland-1375 Billingstad NORWAY CompressorShaft Electric drive Active surge control law Shaft speed Compressor performance control Figure 1: Active surge control using drive 1 Introduction Traditionally, centrifugal
A Moore-Greitzer axial compressor model with spool Jan Tommy Gravdahl and Olav Egeland
/surge-model. A model for centrifugal compressors with nonconstant speed was presented in 2]. In 5] a similar model applies to centrifugal compressors. It seems that the modeling and control of an axial com- pression) Table 1: Development in compressor stall/surge- control. A=Axial, C=Centrifugal, M=Modeling, C
A Scalable Multi-Engine Xpress9 Compressor with Asynchronous Data Transfer Joo-Young Kim
to the host, which makes the proposed compressor useful under multi-threaded server environment. II. XPRESS9A Scalable Multi-Engine Xpress9 Compressor with Asynchronous Data Transfer Joo-Young Kim Microsoft as a PCIe accelerator to achieve CPU resource saving and high power efficiency. The proposed compressor
Hauck, Scott
Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering Fall 2010 Advanced Cooled Compressor Diaphragms
PENNSTATE Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering Fall 2010 Advanced Cooled Compressor compressor that is cooled by circulating water through its diaphragm (isothermal compression instead in future efforts to make this advanced cooled compressor a reality in the CCS industry #12;
Demirel, Melik C.
Investigation of H2 Diaphragm Compressors to Enable Low-Cost Long-Life Operation
This is a ōshortö annual report to DOE Fuel Cell Technology Office describing the research on modeling and materials analysis of diaphragms in a diaphragm-type hydrogen compressor. The compressor design details and diaphragm materials were provided by PDC Machines, Inc., a commercial manufacturer of diaphragm-type hydrogen compressors that PNNL is partnering with in this project
Rohatgi, Aashish; Johnson, Kenneth I.
SOUTH STATION TAmtrak, Commuter
SOUTH STATION TAmtrak, Commuter Rail, Bus Station, MBTA Red Line Knapp St. Kneeland St. Stuart St) T BOYLSTON (MBTA Green Line) T NEW ENGLAND MEDICAL CENTER (MBTA Orange Line) Boston Campus Accessibility Map
Dennett, Daniel
Towards development of an incipient surge detection device for centrifugal compressors
and the centrifugal or mixed-flow compressor. Of these two compressors, the centrifugal type has the higher pressure ratio per stage. A typical performance map for a centrifugal compressor is shown in Fig. 1. Curves of constant efficiency, known as efficiency... the centrifugal compressor does have a higher pressure ratio, the axial flow compressor has a The citations on the following pages follow the style of t. h ASME Jo 1 f E~ f po Surge Line / ( I I I I / / / / / / / ncreasin m 0 0 e '4 C4 8 0 D...
Hassinger, David Alan
Compressor Selection and Equipment Sizing for Cold Climate Heat Pumps
In order to limit heating capacity degradation at -25 C (-13 F) ambient to 25%, compared to the nominal rating point capacity at 8.3 C (47 F), an extensive array of design and sizing options were investigated, based on fundamental equipment system modeling and building energy simulation. Sixteen equipment design options were evaluated in one commercial building and one residential building, respectively in seven cities. The energy simulation results were compared to three baseline cases: 100% electric resistance heating, a 9.6 HSPF single-speed heat pump unit, and 90% AFUE gas heating system. The general recommendation is that variable-speed compressors and tandem compressors, sized such that their rated heating capacity at a low speed matching the building design cooling load, are able to achieve the capacity goal at low ambient temperatures by over-speeding, for example, a home with a 3.0 ton design cooling load, a tandem heat pump could meet this cooling load running a single compressor, while running both compressors to meet heating load at low ambient temperatures in a cold climate. Energy savings and electric resistance heat reductions vary with building types, energy codes and climate zones. Oversizing a heat pump can result in larger energy saving in a less energy efficient building and colder regions due to reducing electric resistance heating. However, in a more energy-efficient building or for buildings in warmer climates, one has to consider balance between reduction of resistance heat and addition of cyclic loss.
Shen, Bo [ORNL] [ORNL; Abdelaziz, Omar [ORNL] [ORNL; Rice, C Keith [ORNL] [ORNL
Scroll compressor modelling for heat pumps using hydrocarbons as refrigerants
1 Scroll compressor modelling for heat pumps using hydrocarbons as refrigerants Paul BYRNE and to install heat pumps in unoccupied spaces. Nevertheless manufacturers keep working on components for hydrocarbons. In the frame of a research project on heat pumps for simultaneous heating and cooling, an R407C
Paris-Sud XI, Universit├® de
Applications of a Turbomachinery Design Tool for Compressors and Turbines
Applications of a Turbomachinery Design Tool for Compressors and Turbines Mark G. Turner University, 02139, USA Dario Bruna University of Genoa, Genoa, 16145, Italy A turbomachinery design system, T dynamics tools for the design and the analysis of turbomachinery con- figurations is well documented
Cincinnati, University of
Gas compressor with side branch absorber for pulsation control
A method and system for reducing pulsation in lateral piping associated with a gas compressor system. A tunable side branch absorber (TSBA) is installed on the lateral piping. A pulsation sensor is placed in the lateral piping, to measure pulsation within the piping. The sensor output signals are delivered to a controller, which controls actuators that change the acoustic dimensions of the SBA.
Harris, Ralph E. (San Antonio, TX); Scrivner, Christine M. (San Antonio, TX); Broerman, III, Eugene L. (San Antonio, TX)
Environmental wear testing of nonmetallic materials for compressor applications
A full-size prototypical test facility was designed and built to test nonmetallic materials in support of reciprocating compressor applications. Conventional test rigs utilize a pin- or ring-on-disk configuration to produce wear data in rotary motion under relatively low applied loads. In contrast, the subject test facility is constructed around a 9-inch (23-cm) stroke compressor frame. The test specimen and counterface configurations are similar to compressor packing rings and piston rods, respectively, and specimens are spring-loaded to variable levels encompassing actual compressor conditions. Testing to date has been performed at 500 rpm, 200 F (93 C), and three different load levels [65, 130 and 195 psi (450, 900 and 1,350 kPa)]. Material wear rate in air versus specimen pressure reveals a linear relationship with a slope of approximately 0.12 mils/day/psi (0.44 {micro}m/day/kPa). The wear performance of six different materials has been ranked in air. Future testing will focus on creating a database for material wear rates in air and nitrogen.
Parrington, R.J.; Hinchliff, E.M.
POWER CHARACTERISTICS OF INDUSTRIAL AIR COMPRESSORS Chris Schmidt
of control, and potential problems such as inadequate compressed air storage, over-sized compressors are compared to suggested guidelines for energy-efficient air compression. INTRODUCTION Compressed air's annual electric costs, and the unit energy cost of compressed air ranges from about $0.15 to $0.35 per
Kissock, Kelly
1 PB13-078 ELECTRICAL ANALOGY MODELLING OF PEFC SYSTEM FED BY A COMPRESSOR Moussa Chnani1 , Hattab is expected to have a low cost, a low weight and a low size, to compete with more and more efficient is representative of an embedded generator, i.e. few sensors, few actuators. Gaseous hydrogen is stored in a tank
83-9E9-TOPIC-P3 Unrestricted DOMslon ManagerHIGH-EFFICIENCY DUAL-STROKE COMPRESSOR
, two-capacity,.three cylinder, reciprocating piston, hermetic compressor for the advanced electric heat-pump
Speed and surge control for a low order centrifugal compressor model Jan Tommy Gravdahl and Olav Egeland
Speed and surge control for a low order centrifugal compressor model Jan Tommy Gravdahl and Olav Previous work on stabilization of compressor surge is extended to include control of the angular velocity of the compressor. First a low order centrifugal compressor model is presented where the states are mass ow
Hydrogen production equipment Puri?er Storage system Compressor Dispenser Additional equipment Installation costshydrogen storage vessels and compressors. 2.4.4. Feedstock costhydrogen equipment costs. Meyers [2] pro- vides an in depth analyses of reformer, compressor, and storage equipment costs.
Pilot study of commercial water-loop heat pump compressor life
This study of the service life of water-loop heat pump compressors in commercial office buildings, using data gathered from the service records of one heat pump service contractor, focused on the replacement of compressors in small console ( perimeter'') water-loop heat pumps and in larger vertical and horizontal ( core'') units. A statistical methodology for dealing with censored data was developed for this study which is an extension of the methodologies used in other EPRI studies of heat pump and heat pump compressor life. By extrapolating a Weibull distribution curve fitted to the data, the median service life of the sample of perimeter unit compressors (the age at which 50% of the original population of compressors would be expected to have been replaced) was estimated to be 47 years. The median service life of a sample that excluded compressors with a known manufacturing defect was estimated to be 69 years. Core unit compressor replacements were analyzed in the same manner. Extrapolation of a Weibull distribution yielded an estimated median service life of core unit compressors of 12 years. As with the perimeter unit compressors, there was an identified manufacturing defect. When the compressors with the identified fault were excluded from the sample and the data reanalyzed, the median service life for the compressors in the remainder of the buildings was estimated to be 18 years.
Ross, D.P. (Policy Research Associates, Inc., Reston, VA (USA))
A Near-term Economic Analysis of Hydrogen Fueling Stations
of Diaphragm Hydrogen Compressor Costs (Industry) Capacity (Hydrogen Fueling Systems A nalysisö The report examines reformer, storage and compressor costsHydrogen Equipment Storage System Compressor Dispenser Delivery and Installation Cost
Weinert, Jonathan X.
A Near-Term Economic Analysis of Hydrogen Fueling Stations
Hydrogen Energy Stations: Poly-Production of Electricity, Hydrogen, and Thermal Energy
psi) High-pressure hydrogen compressor Compressed hydrogen2005 High-pressure hydrogen compressor Compressed hydrogenthe hydrogen, a hydrogen compressor, high-pressure tank
Lipman, Timothy; Brooks, Cameron
High Technology Centrifugal Compressor for Commercial Air Conditioning Systems
R&D Dynamics, Bloomfield, CT in partnership with the State of Connecticut has been developing a high technology, oil-free, energy-efficient centrifugal compressor called CENVA for commercial air conditioning systems under a program funded by the US Department of Energy. The CENVA compressor applies the foil bearing technology used in all modern aircraft, civil and military, air conditioning systems. The CENVA compressor will enhance the efficiency of water and air cooled chillers, packaged roof top units, and other air conditioning systems by providing an 18% reduction in energy consumption in the unit capacity range of 25 to 350 tons of refrigeration The technical approach for CENVA involved the design and development of a high-speed, oil-free foil gas bearing-supported two-stage centrifugal compressor, CENVA encompassed the following high technologies, which are not currently utilized in commercial air conditioning systems: Foil gas bearings operating in HFC-134a; Efficient centrifugal impellers and diffusers; High speed motors and drives; and System integration of above technologies. Extensive design, development and testing efforts were carried out. Significant accomplishments achieved under this program are: (1) A total of 26 builds and over 200 tests were successfully completed with successively improved designs; (2) Use of foil gas bearings in refrigerant R134a was successfully proven; (3) A high speed, high power permanent magnet motor was developed; (4) An encoder was used for signal feedback between motor and controller. Due to temperature limitations of the encoder, the compressor could not operate at higher speed and in turn at higher pressure. In order to alleviate this problem a unique sensorless controller was developed; (5) This controller has successfully been tested as stand alone; however, it has not yet been integrated and tested as a system; (6) The compressor successfully operated at water cooled condensing temperatures Due to temperature limitations of the encoder, it could not be operated at air cooled condensing temperatures. (7) The two-stage impellers/diffusers worked well separately but combined did not match well.
Ruckes, John
This report contains the final project summary and deliverables required by the award for the development of an In-line Electric Motor Driven Compressor (IEMDC). Extensive work was undertaken during the course of the project to develop the motor and the compressor section of the IEMDC unit. Multiple design iterations were performed to design an electric motor for operation in a natural gas environment and to successfully integrate the motor with a compressor. During the project execution, many challenges were successfully overcome in order to achieve the project goals and to maintain the system design integrity. Some of the challenges included limiting the magnitude of the compressor aerodynamic loading for appropriate sizing of the magnetic bearings, achieving a compact motor rotor size to meet the rotor dynamic requirements of API standards, devising a motor cooling scheme using high pressure natural gas, minimizing the impact of cooling on system efficiency, and balancing the system thrust loads for the magnetic thrust bearing. Design methods that were used on the project included validated state-of-the-art techniques such as finite element analysis and computational fluid dynamics along with the combined expertise of both Curtiss-Wright Electro-Mechanical Corporation and Dresser-Rand Company. One of the most significant areas of work undertaken on the project was the development of the unit configuration for the system. Determining the configuration of the unit was a significant step in achieving integration of the electric motor into a totally enclosed compression system. Product review of the IEMDC unit configuration was performed during the course of the development process; this led to an alternate design configuration. The alternate configuration is a modular design with the electric motor and compressor section each being primarily contained in its own pressure containing case. This new concept resolved the previous conflict between the aerodynamic flow passage requirements and electric motor requirements for support and utilities by bounding the flowpath within the compressor section. However most importantly, the benefits delivered by the new design remained the same as those proposed by the goals of the project. In addition, this alternate configuration resulted in the achievement of a few additional advantages over the original concept such as easier maintenance, operation, and installation. Interaction and feedback solicited from target clients regarding the unit configuration supports the fact that the design addresses industry issues regarding accessibility, maintainability, preferred operating practice, and increased reliability.
Michael J. Crowley; Prem N. Bansal
Heat powered refrigeration compressor. Semi-annual technical report
The objective of this program is to develop and improve the design of previously started prototypes of the Heat Powered Refrigeration Compressor. To build this prototype and ready it for testing by the University of Evansville is another goal. This prototype will be of similar capacity as the compressor that will eventually be commercially produced. This unit can operate on almost any moderate temperature water heat source. This heat source could include such applications as industrial waste heat, solar, wood burning stove, resistance electrical heat produced by a windmill, or even perhaps heat put out by the condenser of another refrigeration system. Work performed in the past four months has consisted of: engineering of HX-1; comparisons of specifications from different companies to ensure state of the art applications of parts for project; coordinating project requirements with machine shop; designing condenser; and partial assembly of HX-1.
Goad, R.R.
Turbine inter-disk cavity cooling air compressor
A combustion turbine may have a cooling circuit for directing a cooling medium through the combustion turbine to cool various components of the combustion turbine. This cooling circuit may include a compressor, a combustor shell and a component of the combustion turbine to be cooled. This component may be a rotating blade of the combustion turbine. A pressure changing mechanism is disposed in the combustion turbine between the component to be cooled and the combustor shell. The cooling medium preferably flows from the compressor to the combustor shell, through a cooler, the component to the cooled and the pressure changing mechanism. After flowing through the pressure changing mechanism, the cooling medium is returned to the combustor shell. The pressure changing mechanism preferably changes the pressure of the cooling medium from a pressure at which it is exhausted from the component to be cooled to approximately that of the combustor shell.
Little, David Allen (Oviedo, FL)
A High Reliability Gas-driven Helium Cryogenic Centrifugal Compressor
A helium cryogenic compressor was developed and tested in real conditions in 1996. The achieved objective was to compress 0.018 kg/s Helium at 4 K @ 1000 Pa (10 mbar) up to 3000 Pa (30 mbar). This project was an opportunity to develop and test an interesting new concept in view of future needs. The main features of this new specific technology are described. Particular attention is paid to the gas bearing supported rotor and to the pneumatic driver. Trade off between existing technologies and the present work are presented with special stress on the bearing system and the driver. The advantages are discussed, essentially focused on life time and high reliability without maintenance as well as non pollution characteristic. Practical operational modes are also described together with the experimental performances of the compressor. The article concludes with a brief outlook of future work.
Bonneton, M; Gistau-Baguer, Guy M; Turcat, F; Viennot, P
Plasma Switch for High-Power Active Pulse Compressor
Results are presented from experiments carried out at the Naval Research Laboratory X-band magnicon facility on a two-channel X-band active RF pulse compressor that employed plasma switches. Experimental evidence is shown to validate the basic goals of the project, which include: simultaneous firing of plasma switches in both channels of the RF circuit, operation of quasi-optical 3-dB hybrid directional coupler coherent superposition of RF compressed pulses from both channels, and operation of the X-band magnicon directly in the RF pulse compressor. For incident 1.2 ?s pulses in the range 0.63 ? 1.35 MW, compressed pulses of peak powers 5.7 ? 11.3 MW were obtained, corresponding to peak power gain ratios of 8.3 ? 9.3. Insufficient bakeout and conditioning of the high-power RF circuit prevented experiments from being conducted at higher RF input power levels.
Hirshfield, Jay L. [Omega-P, Inc.] [Omega-P, Inc.
The inter-disk cavity between turbine rotor disks is used to pressurize cooling air. A plurality of ridges extend radially outwardly over the face of the rotor disks. When the rotor disks are rotated, the ridges cause the inter-disk cavity to compress air coolant flowing through the inter-disk cavity en route to the rotor blades. The ridges eliminate the need for an external compressor to pressurize the air coolant.
Chupp, Raymond E. (Oviedo, FL); Little, David A. (Oviedo, FL)
The inter-disk cavity between turbine rotor disks is used to pressurize cooling air. A plurality of ridges extend radially outwardly over the face of the rotor disks. When the rotor disks are rotated, the ridges cause the inter-disk cavity to compress air coolant flowing through the inter-disk cavity en route to the rotor blades. The ridges eliminate the need for an external compressor to pressurize the air coolant. 5 figs.
Chupp, R.E.; Little, D.A.
Linear Complexity Lossy Compressor for Binary Redundant Memoryless Sources
A lossy compression algorithm for binary redundant i.i.d. sources is presented. The proposed scheme is based on sparse graph codes. By introducing a nonlinear function, redundant memoryless sequences can be compressed. We propose a linear complexity compressor based on the extended belief propagation, into which an inertia term is heuristically introduced, and show that it has near optimal performance for moderate blocklengths.
Mimura, Kazushi
Am improved apparatus is described for the downhole injection of steam into boreholes, for tertiary oil recovery. It includes an oxidant supply, a fuel supply, an igniter, a water supply, an oxidant compressor, and a combustor assembly. The apparatus is designed for efficiency, preheating of the water, and cooling of the combustion chamber walls. The steam outlet to the borehole is provided with pressure-responsive doors for closing the outlet in response to flameout. (DLC)
Fox, R.L.
Simulating effects of multispeed compressors on refrigerator/freezer performance
Simulation analyses suggest that a multispeed compressor could increase steady-state operating efficiency by 4% to 14%. An additional 0.5% to 4% energy savings might be obtained from the reduction in the cycling frequency of the refrigerator. Several aspects of the robustness of the capillary tube-suction line heat exchanger design for the two-speed compressor system were also examined with the simulation model. It was shown that a system optimized for low-speed operation, when operating at the high speed, could have as much capacity as the original base case high-speed system. A relatively simple control strategy was proposed, one that requires measurement of on-cycle time and one or two compartment air temperatures. The effects of varying the speed of the evaporator or condenser fans at both compressor speeds were examined over a range of ambient temperatures. One energy-saving scenario was identified: decreasing the condenser fan speed for refrigerators operating at low ambient temperatures. By affecting the distribution of refrigerant change throughout the system, the decrease in condenser fan speed reduces the superheat in the evaporator and increases the overall UA of the evaporator. The resulting increase in evaporator capacity more than offsets the decrease in condenser UA and the energy use of the refrigerator is decreased.
Woodall, R.J. [International Paper Technology, Mobile, AL (United States); Bullard, C.W. [Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, IL (United States). Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Center
Avoiding compressor surge during emergency shutdown hybridturbine systems
A new emergency shutdown procedure for a direct-fired fuel cell turbine hybrid power system was evaluated using a hardware-based simulation of an integrated gasifier/fuel cell/turbine hybrid cycle (IGFC), implemented through the Hybrid Performance (Hyper) project at the National Energy Technology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy (NETL). The Hyper facility is designed to explore dynamic operation of hybrid systems and quantitatively characterize such transient behavior. It is possible to model, test, and evaluate the effects of different parameters on the design and operation of a gasifier/fuel cell/gas turbine hybrid system and provide a means of quantifying risk mitigation strategies. An open-loop system analysis regarding the dynamic effect of bleed air, cold air bypass, and load bank is presented in order to evaluate the combination of these three main actuators during emergency shutdown. In the previous Hybrid control system architecture, catastrophic compressor failures were observed when the fuel and load bank were cut off during emergency shutdown strategy. Improvements were achieved using a nonlinear fuel valve ramp down when the load bank was not operating. Experiments in load bank operation show compressor surge and stall after emergency shutdown activation. The difficulties in finding an optimal compressor and cathode mass flow for mitigation of surge and stall using these actuators are illustrated.
Pezzini, Paolo [University of Genova, Italy; Tucker, David [U.S. DOE; Traverso, Alberto [University of Genova, Italy
The MS-Q Force Field for Clay Minerals: Application to Oil Production Sungu Hwang, Mario Blanco, Ersan Demiralp, Tahir Cagin, and William A. Goddard, III*
in studying oil production chemicals, including corrosion inhibitors,11 scale inhibitors,12 and dissolvers.13 and corrosion inhibition). Among the minerals present in the walls of oil reservoirs, clay minerals are believedThe MS-Q Force Field for Clay Minerals: Application to Oil Production Sungu Hwang, Mario Blanco
├?agin, Tahir
Investigation of flow in vane-island diffusers in centrifugal compressors
. Meherwan P. Boyce In this thesis, both theoretical and experimental investigations of flow in a high pressure ratio centrifugal compressor vane-island diffuser, have been carried out. The flow propagation through the island diffuser and the boundary... flow angles. The separation should be avoided or delayed to improve compressor performance. Johnson and Powers [7] have looked into the effect of inlet blockage on diffuser performance. The high-pressure-ratio centrifugal compressor has narrow...
Vandijk, Hanne Nicolaas
Dual capacity compressor with reversible motor and controls arrangement therefor
A hermetic reciprocating compressor such as may be used in heat pump applications is provided for dual capacity operation by providing the crankpin of the crankshaft with an eccentric ring rotatably mounted thereon, and with the end of the connecting rod opposite the piston encompassing the outer circumference of the eccentric ring, with means limiting the rotation of the eccentric ring upon the crankpin between one end point and an opposite angularly displaced end point to provide different values of eccentricity depending upon which end point the eccentric ring is rotated to upon the crankpin, and a reversible motor in the hermetic shell of the compressor for rotating the crankshaft, the motor operating in one direction effecting the angular displacement of the eccentric ring relative to the crankpin to the one end point, and in the opposite direction effecting the angular displacement of the eccentric ring relative to the crankpin to the opposite end point, this arrangement automatically giving different stroke lengths depending upon the direction of motor rotation. The mechanical structure of the arrangement may take various forms including at least one in which any impact of reversal is reduced by utilizing lubricant passages and chambers at the interface area of the crankpin and eccentric ring to provide a dashpot effect. In the main intended application of the arrangement according to the invention, that is, in a refrigerating or air conditioning system, it is desirable to insure a delay during reversal of the direction of compressor operation. A control arrangement is provided in which the control system controls the direction of motor operation in accordance with temperature conditions, the system including control means for effecting operation in a low capacity direction or alternatively in a high capacity direction in response to one set, and another set, respectively, of temperature conditions and with timer means delaying a restart of the compressor motor for at least a predetermined time in response to a condition of the control means operative to initiate a change in the operating direction of the compressor when it restarts.
Sisk, Francis J. (Washington Township, Fayette County, PA)
Thrust Area 2 Free-Piston Compressor for Portable Fluid-Powered Systems
Thrust Area 2 Free-Piston Compressor for Portable Fluid-Powered Systems Dr. Eric J. Barth Jos├® AMH batteries). Utili hi h d it li ti Free Piston Compressor (FPC) vs. Electrical Batteries System Source Energy ┬Ę Utilize a free piston engine configuration to compress air by extracting energy from combustion of propane
Barth, Eric J.
Design of a Free Piston Pneumatic Compressor as a Mobile Robot Power Supply
Design of a Free Piston Pneumatic Compressor as a Mobile Robot Power Supply Jose A. firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract ┬Ł The design of a free piston compressor (FPC) intended as a pneumatic power supply combustion to compress air into a high-pressure supply tank by using the kinetic energy of a free piston
TCgen 2.0: A Tool to Automatically Generate Lossless Trace Compressors Martin Burtscher
TCgen 2.0: A Tool to Automatically Generate Lossless Trace Compressors Martin Burtscher Computer of TCgen, a tool for generating portable lossless trace compressors based on user-provided trace format, making it ideal for trace-based research and teaching environments as well as for trace archives. Version
Burtscher, Martin
Testing and modeling of compressors for low-lift cooling applications
In this thesis, an inverter-driven variable speed scroll compressor is tested on a de-superheater test stand to determine its performance in areas of low-lift and low compressor speed. The goal is to adapt this test stand ...
Willingham, Ryan Alexander
NOISE CONTROL METHODS FOR A RECIPROCATING AIR COMPRESSOR USED IN FUEL CELL AUXILIARY POWER UNIT Air pollution Noise pollution Engine life Remedy Fuel cell APU Quieter Low emissions Exhaust Heat, Case History: Noise control approaches for an air-compressor in a fuel-cell auxiliary power unit, Noise
Carver, Jeffrey C.
A Vlasov-Maxwell Solver to Study Microbunching Instability in the FERMI@ELETTRA First Bunch Compressor System
A Vlasov-Maxwell Solver to Study Microbunching Instability in the FERMI@ELETTRA First Bunch Compressor System
Bassi, G; Ellison, J A; Heinemann, K A
Compressor discharge bleed air circuit in gas turbine plants and related method
A gas turbine system that includes a compressor, a turbine component and a load, wherein fuel and compressor discharge bleed air are supplied to a combustor and gaseous products of combustion are introduced into the turbine component and subsequently exhausted to atmosphere. A compressor discharge bleed air circuit removes bleed air from the compressor and supplies one portion of the bleed air to the combustor and another portion of the compressor discharge bleed air to an exhaust stack of the turbine component in a single cycle system, or to a heat recovery steam generator in a combined cycle system. In both systems, the bleed air diverted from the combustor may be expanded in an air expander to reduce pressure upstream of the exhaust stack or heat recovery steam generator.
Anand, Ashok Kumar (Niskayuna, NY); Berrahou, Philip Fadhel (Latham, NY); Jandrisevits, Michael (Clifton Park, NY)
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONTROL SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 7, NO. 5, SEPTEMBER 1999 567 Centrifugal Compressor Surge and Speed Control
since surge limits the useful range of mass flows where the compressor operates stably. Large amplitude Compressor Surge and Speed Control Jan Tommy Gravdahl, Member, IEEE, and Olav Egeland, Member, IEEE Abstract--Previous work on stabilization of compressor surge is extended to include control of the angular velocity
Performance analysis of a series of hermetic reciprocating compressors working with R290 (propane) and R407C
Performance analysis of a series of hermetic reciprocating compressors working with R290 (propane with propane as refrigerant are analyzed in terms of the compressor model developed by [E. Navarro, E. Granryd. In addition, a comparison study between propane and R407C was carried out for one compressor and the observed
Fern├Īndez de C├│rdoba, Pedro
Detector for flow abnormalities in gaseous diffusion plant compressors
A detector detects a flow abnormality in a plant compressor which outputs a motor current signal. The detector includes a demodulator/lowpass filter demodulating and filtering the motor current signal producing a demodulated signal, and first, second, third and fourth bandpass filters connected to the demodulator/lowpass filter, and filtering the demodulated signal in accordance with first, second, third and fourth bandpass frequencies generating first, second, third and fourth filtered signals having first, second, third and fourth amplitudes. The detector also includes first, second, third and fourth amplitude detectors connected to the first, second, third and fourth bandpass filters respectively, and detecting the first, second, third and fourth amplitudes, and first and second adders connected to the first and fourth amplitude detectors and the second and third amplitude detectors respectively, and adding the first and fourth amplitudes and the second and third amplitudes respectively generating first and second added signals. Finally, the detector includes a comparator, connected to the first and second adders, and comparing the first and second added signals and detecting the abnormal condition in the plant compressor when the second added signal exceeds the first added signal by a predetermined value.
Smith, Stephen F. (Loudon, TN); Castleberry, Kim N. (Harriman, TN)
A detector detects a flow abnormality in a plant compressor which outputs a motor current signal. The detector includes a demodulator/lowpass filter demodulating and filtering the motor current signal producing a demodulated signal, and first, second, third and fourth bandpass filters connected to the demodulator/lowpass filter, and filtering the demodulated signal in accordance with first, second, third and fourth bandpass frequencies generating first, second, third and fourth filtered signals having first, second, third and fourth amplitudes. The detector also includes first, second, third and fourth amplitude detectors connected to the first, second, third and fourth bandpass filters respectively, and detecting the first, second, third and fourth amplitudes, and first and second adders connected to the first and fourth amplitude detectors and the second and third amplitude detectors respectively, and adding the first and fourth amplitudes and the second and third amplitudes respectively generating first and second added signals. Finally, the detector includes a comparator, connected to the first and second adders, and comparing the first and second added signals and detecting the abnormal condition in the plant compressor when the second added signal exceeds the first added signal by a predetermined value. 6 figs.
Smith, S.F.; Castleberry, K.N.
M Station, Austin
SUNSHINE MATHON, M. Arch., LEED Homes AP Design + Development Director firstname.lastname@example.com FOUNDATION COMMUNITIES Austin, TX T.O.D. District Area T.O.D. District Area T.O.D. District Area T.O.D. District Area 8.5 ACRE SITE 5-1.../2 Acres Buildable Boggy Creek Floodplain 8.5 ACRE SITE 5-1/2 Acres Buildable Boggy Creek Floodplain 4 Acres Concrete Abandoned Grayfield M STATION 80% 2 & 3-Bedrooms 150 1,2 & 3-Bedroom Apts M STATION 80% 2 & 3-Bedrooms 150 1,2 & 3-Bedroom Apts...
Mathon, S.
Parametric testing and evaluation of a free-piston Stirling engine/linear compressor system
A 3 Kw free-piston Stirling engine (FPSE) driving a linear Rankine cycle vapor compressor has been under development by the Department of Energy, the Gas Research Institute and General Electric Company as a heat activated heat pump (HAHP) for residential applications since 1976. This paper presents data obtained from recent testing on the FPSE/linear compressor unit. System performance and engine/compressor matching and control tests and analyses are presented and discussed. Engine component performance and loss test data are also presented. A description of the low-cost real-time digital data acquisition system is included. Engine/compressor test results show maximum engine power levels over 3 Kw, close to the design goal of 3.2 Kw. However, maximum efficiency is approximately 25 percent, 5 points below the design goal. The test results are used to construct maps of engine performance and compressor performance. These maps support the engine/compressor matching techniques. Confirmation of the control system features needed to provide matched engine/compressor operation is presented. Loss measurements under engine oscillating flow conditions show that quasi-steady models of oscillating flow substantially underestimate losses, and that various Stirling engine models predict significantly different component losses. Both performance and component loss test results are combined with simulation trends to identify design improvements to the current hardware and the projected performance increases.
Chiu, W.; Antoniak, Z.; Hogan, J.
Skate Station UF Services
friends, practice your English, and try new activities! Where: Skate Station Funworks We will be meeting and more orderly manner. Everyone will be served eventually. Fire Drills/Alarms: Whenever you hear a fire should park your bike in well-lighted areas and lock it up when you park it. The best lock is a U
Pilyugin, Sergei S.
Uniform Conversions of Operating Points and Characteristics of Compressor
In the paper, some aspects of the polytropic analysis are developed that concerned with various processes changing the thermodynamic state of flow of a real fluid and reduction of these processes to processes having a given temperature and pressure of a given real mixture at the inlet. It is shown that all parameters of the process can be converted under condition of full similarity of flow that is formulated in the paper. An operating point of a compressor represents such process. It is to emphasize that parameters of the reduced point include not only volume flow, speed and polytropic head, for which requirement of similarity of flow at inlet is sufficient, but also polytropic exponent, polytropic efficiency, outlet pressure and outlet temperature.
Ostromuhov, L A
Operational Experience with a Cryogenic Axial-Centrifugal Compressor
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC), presently under construction at CERN, requires large refrigeration capacity at 1.8 K. Compression of gaseous helium at cryogenic temperatures is therefore inevitable. Together with subcontractors, Linde Kryotechnik has developed a prototype machine. This unit is based on a cryogenic axial-centrifugal compressor, running on ceramic ball bearings and driven by a variable-frequency electrical motor operating at ambient temperature. Integrated in a test facility for superconducting magnets the machine has been commissioned without major problems and successfully gone through the acceptance test in autumn 1995. Subsequent steps were initiated to improve efficiency of this prototype. This paper describes operating experience gained so far and reports on measured performance prior to and after constructional modifications.
Decker, L; L÷hlein, K; Purtschert, W; Ziegler, B L; Lebrun, P; Tavian, L; Brunovsky, I; Tucek, L
Hydraulic accumulator-compressor for geopressured enhanced oil recovery
A hydraulic accumulator-compressor vessel using geothermal brine under pressure as a piston to compress waste (CO.sub.2 rich) gas is used in a system having a plurality of gas separators in tandem to recover pipeline quality gas from geothermal brine. A first high pressure separator feeds gas to a membrance separator which separates low pressure waste gas from high pressure quality gas. A second separator produces low pressure waste gas. Waste gas from both separators is combined and fed into the vessel through a port at the top as the vessel is drained for another compression cycle. High pressure brine is then admitted into the vessel through a port at the bottom of the vessel. Check valves control the flow of low pressure waste gas into the vessel and high pressure waste gas out of the vessel.
Goldsberry, Fred L. (Spring, TX)
Investigation of subsonic and supersonic flow in a radial inflow compressor
in Heridional Plane Velocity Vectors in Compressor Rotor Flow 4-a Section of Impeller Showing the Clearance 12 22 5 Impeller Profile with Diffuser; Pressure ratio-5. 0 . 27 6 Impeller Profile with Diffuser; Pressure ratio-3, 0 . 28 7 Impeller Profile... of radial flo? compressure as a source for the upply of high press~ r gases has, in the last decade, eouallcd. , if not surpassed, the more conventional typo compressor. Inherently, the radial flu~ compressor can produce a much higher pressure ratio per...
Bale, Yadiyurappa Siddaveerasetty
Advanced industrial gas turbine technology readiness demonstration program. Phase II. Final report: compressor rig fabrication assembly and test
The results of a component technology demonstration program to fabricate, assemble and test an advanced axial/centrifugal compressor are presented. This work was conducted to demonstrate the utilization of advanced aircraft gas turbine cooling and high pressure compressor technology to improve the performance and reliability of future industrial gas turbines. Specific objectives of the compressor component testing were to demonstrate 18:1 pressure ratio on a single spool at 90% polytropic efficiency with 80% fewer airfoils as compared to current industrial gas turbine compressors. The compressor design configuration utilizes low aspect ratio/highly-loaded axial compressor blading combined with a centrifugal backend stage to achieve the 18:1 design pressure ratio in only 7 stages and 281 axial compressor airfoils. Initial testing of the compressor test rig was conducted with a vaneless centrifugal stage diffuser to allow documentation of the axial compressor performance. Peak design speed axial compressor performance demonstrated was 91.8% polytropic efficiency at 6.5:1 pressure ratio. Subsequent documentation of the combined axial/centrifugal performance with a centrifugal stage pipe diffuser resulted in the demonstration of 91.5% polytropic efficiency and 14% stall margin at the 18:1 overall compressor design pressure ratio. The demonstrated performance not only exceeded the contract performance goals, but also represents the highest known demonstrated compressor performance in this pressure ratio and flow class. The performance demonstrated is particularly significant in that it was accomplished at airfoil loading levels approximately 15% higher than that of current production engine compressor designs. The test results provide conclusive verification of the advanced low aspect ratio axial compressor and centrifugal stage technologies utilized.
Schweitzer, J. K.; Smith, J. D.
Hydrogen Filling Station
Hydrogen is an environmentally attractive transportation fuel that has the potential to displace fossil fuels. The Freedom CAR and Freedom FUEL initiatives emphasize the importance of hydrogen as a future transportation fuel. Presently, Las Vegas has one hydrogen fueling station powered by natural gas. However, the use of traditional sources of energy to produce hydrogen does not maximize the benefit. The hydrogen fueling station developed under this grant used electrolysis units and solar energy to produce hydrogen fuel. Water and electricity are furnished to the unit and the output is hydrogen and oxygen. Three vehicles were converted to utilize the hydrogen produced at the station. The vehicles were all equipped with different types of technologies. The vehicles were used in the day-to-day operation of the Las Vegas Valley Water District and monitoring was performed on efficiency, reliability and maintenance requirements. The research and demonstration utilized for the reconfiguration of these vehicles could lead to new technologies in vehicle development that could make hydrogen-fueled vehicles more cost effective, economical, efficient and more widely used. In order to advance the development of a hydrogen future in Southern Nevada, project partners recognized a need to bring various entities involved in hydrogen development and deployment together as a means of sharing knowledge and eliminating duplication of efforts. A road-mapping session was held in Las Vegas in June 2006. The Nevada State Energy Office, representatives from DOE, DOE contractors and LANL, NETL, NREL were present. Leadership from the National hydrogen Association Board of Directors also attended. As a result of this session, a roadmap for hydrogen development was created. This roadmap has the ability to become a tool for use by other road-mapping efforts in the hydrogen community. It could also become a standard template for other states or even countries to approach planning for a hydrogen future. Project partners also conducted a workshop on hydrogen safety and permitting. This provided an opportunity for the various permitting agencies and end users to gather to share experiences and knowledge. As a result of this workshop, the permitting process for the hydrogen filling station on the Las Vegas Valley Water DistrictÆs land was done more efficiently and those who would be responsible for the operation were better educated on the safety and reliability of hydrogen production and storage. The lessons learned in permitting the filling station and conducting this workshop provided a basis for future hydrogen projects in the region. Continuing efforts to increase the working pressure of electrolysis and efficiency have been pursued. Research was also performed on improving the cost, efficiency and durability of Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) hydrogen technology. Research elements focused upon PEM membranes, electrodes/catalysts, membrane-electrode assemblies, seals, bipolar plates, utilization of renewable power, reliability issues, scale, and advanced conversion topics. Additionally, direct solar-to-hydrogen conversion research to demonstrate stable and efficient photoelectrochemistry (PEC) hydrogen production systems based on a number of optional concepts was performed. Candidate PEC concepts included technical obstacles such as inefficient photocatalysis, inadequate photocurrent due to non-optimal material band gap energies, rapid electron-hole recombination, reduced hole mobility and diminished operational lifetimes of surface materials exposed to electrolytes. Project Objective 1: Design, build, operate hydrogen filling station Project Objective 2: Perform research and development for utilizing solar technologies on the hydrogen filling station and convert two utility vehicles for use by the station operators Project Objective 3: Increase capacity of hydrogen filling station; add additional vehicle; conduct safety workshop; develop a roadmap for hydrogen development; accelerate the development of photovoltaic components Project Objective 4:
Boehm, Robert F; Sabacky, Bruce; Anderson II, Everett B; Haberman, David; Al-Hassin, Mowafak; He, Xiaoming; Morriseau, Brian
A miniature free-piston engine/compressor Authors: Lei Tian1
engine. Keywords HCCI, Engine-compressor, Portable power supply, engine modeling, combustion modeling 1 for wearing. Our approach to this problem was to use homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) driving
Effects of rotor tip clearance on an embedded compressor stage performance
Compressor efficiency variation with rotor tip gap is assessed using numerical simulations on an embedded stage representative of that in a large industrial gas turbine with Reynolds number being approximately 2 x 106 to ...
Sakulkaew, Sitanun
Characterization of unsteady loading due to impeller-diffuser interaction in centrifugal compressors
Time dependent simulations are used to characterize the unsteady impeller blade loading due to imipeller-diffuser interaction in centrifugal compressor stages. The capability of simulations are assessed by comparing results ...
Lusardi, Christopher (Christopher Dean)
A novel design methodology for enhanced compressor performance based on a dynamic stability metric
(cont.) compressor design optimization framework allows a versatile definition of the objective function such that any combination of pressure ratio, efficiency and dynamic stability can be prescribed at various operating ...
Castiella Ruiz de Velasco, Juan Carlos, 1978-
Effect of circumferential groove casing treatment parameters on axial compressor flow range
The impact on compressor flow range of circumferential casing grooves of varying groove depth, groove axial location, and groove axial extent is assessed against that of a smooth casing wall using computational experiments. ...
Hanley, Brian K. (Brian Kyle)
Three-dimensional rotating stall inception and effects of rotating tip clearance asymmetry in axial compressors
The effects of two types of flow nonuniformity on stall inception behavior were assessed with linearized stability analyses of two compressor flow models. Response to rotating tip clearance asymmetries induced by a whirling ...
Gordon, Kenneth A. (Kenneth Andrew), 1970-
Electrical Power Savings in Pump and Compressor Networks via Load Management
Large industrial plants commonly use multiple parallel units in pump and compressor networks for improved reliability. Sometimes, installed equipment capacity can far exceed actual requirements. This excess capacity can be translated into energy...
Kumana, J. D.; Aseeri, A. S.
Characterization of the flow field response to vaneless space reduction in centrifugal compressors
The unsteady three-dimensional flow field for two centrifugal compressors of nearly identical design (one with a marginally smaller impeller-diffuser gap) is interrogated to assess the difference in the time averaged ...
Villanueva V., Alfonso D. (Villanueva Villarreal)
Using Outside Air for Flooded Oil Screw Compressors at an Industrial Facility
A study has been performed to determine if inlet air temperature provides an increase in compressor efficiency, seen through reduced power for some specified mass flow. A theoretical analysis suggests that power is not a function of volumetric flow...
Hunt, D. G.; Terry, S.
Forced response of a centrifugal compressor stage due to the impeller-diffuser interaction
The unsteady pressure field experienced by a centrifugal compressor stage can be dominated by of the impeller-diffuser interaction. The energy of the unsteady field, under certain aerodynamic and structural conditions, is ...
Walton, Edward James
Approaches Toward Achieving Optimum Efficiency in Rerates of Large Centrifugal Compressors
Centrifugal compressors are commonly used within the process industries as prime movers. For many years, plants have been designed with "single train", unspared, major machinery in order to reduce construction, operating, and maintenance costs...
Rudisel, D. A.
Estimation of axial compressor body forces using three-dimensional flow computations
This thesis presents an examination of body force distributions in a single stage low speed compressor. The body force distributions are developed using two different computational procedures, an axisymmetric streamline ...
Reichstein, Georg A
Effects of upstream wake phasing on the performance of transonic compressors
The effect of the upstream wake phase on the work input (i.e., rise in stagnation enthalpy across the blade row) of a transonic rotor is examined computationally and analytically. It is found that the compressor work depends ...
Nolan, Sean Patrick Rock
Adjustable Speed- A Tool for Saving Energy Losses in Pumps, Fans, Fans, Blowers and Compressors
Petroleum and chemical plants of today are effectively cutting energy losses in their plants thermally, electrically, and mechanically in their process equipment. In rotating process equipment such as pumps, fans, compressors, and blowers, much...
Hickok, H. N.
Pacific Southwest Research Station Publications
Bulletins 1- 28 1965-1989 Soil- Vegetation Tables -- 1965-1980 Solar Irradiation and Shadow Length Tables-1971 1938 California Forest and Range Experiment Station Annual Report 1939 California Forest and Range Experiment Station Annual Report 1940 California Forest and Range Experiment Station Annual Report 1951
Standiford, Richard B.
Refrigeration system with a compressor-pump unit and a liquid-injection desuperheating line
The refrigeration system includes a compressor-pump unit and/or a liquid-injection assembly. The refrigeration system is a vapor-compression refrigeration system that includes an expansion device, an evaporator, a compressor, a condenser, and a liquid pump between the condenser and the expansion device. The liquid pump improves efficiency of the refrigeration system by increasing the pressure of, thus subcooling, the liquid refrigerant delivered from the condenser to the expansion device. The liquid pump and the compressor are driven by a single driving device and, in this regard, are coupled to a single shaft of a driving device, such as a belt-drive, an engine, or an electric motor. While the driving device may be separately contained, in a preferred embodiment, the liquid pump, the compressor, and the driving device (i.e., an electric motor) are contained within a single sealable housing having pump and driving device cooling paths to subcool liquid refrigerant discharged from the liquid pump and to control the operating temperature of the driving device. In another aspect of the present invention, a liquid injection assembly is included in a refrigeration system to divert liquid refrigerant from the discharge of a liquid pressure amplification pump to a compressor discharge pathway within a compressor housing to desuperheat refrigerant vapor to the saturation point within the compressor housing. The liquid injection assembly includes a liquid injection pipe with a control valve to meter the volume of diverted liquid refrigerant. The liquid injection assembly may also include a feedback controller with a microprocessor responsive to a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor both positioned between the compressor to operate the control valve to maintain the refrigerant at or near saturation.
Gaul, Christopher J. (Thornton, CO)
New SLED 3 system for Multi-mega Watt RF compressor
A compact X band SLED is introduced for X band RF compressing application. This SLED compressor consists two major parts: a rectangular to circular waveguide converter and an overmoded spherical cavity. The RF compressor is designed to convert 50 magawatt X band RF power with pulse length 1.5 microseconds and deliver 200 megawatts with pulse length 106 nanoseconds to the X band accelerating structure.
Xu, Chen; Tantawi, Sami
Thermodynamic modeling and optimization of a screw compressor chiller and cooling tower system
THERMODYNAMIC MODELING AND OPTIMIZATION OF A SCREW COMPRESSOR CHILLER AND COOLING TOWER SYSTEM A Thesis by RHETT DAVID GRAVES Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements... for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE December 2003 Major Subject: Mechanical Engineering THERMODYNAMIC MODELING AND OPTIMIZATION OF A SCREW COMPRESSOR CHILLER AND COOLING TOWER SYSTEM A Thesis by RHETT DAVID GRAVES Submitted to Texas A&M University in partial...
Graves, Rhett David
Compressor and Hot Section Fouling in Gas Turbines- Causes and Effects
COMPRESSOR AND BOT SECTION FOOLING IN GAS TURBINES - CAUSES AND EPFECTS CYRUS B. MEHER-HOMJI Manager, Advanced Technology Boyce Engineering International, Inc. Houston, Texas ABSTRACT The fouling of axial flow compressors and turbines is a... serious operating problem in gas turbine eng ines. These prime movers are being increasingly used in cogeneration applications and with the large air mass flow rate (e.g. 633 Lbs/Sec for a 80 MWe gas turbine) foulants even in the ppm range can cause...
Meher-Homji, C. B.
Reducing Air Compressor Work by Using Inlet Air Cooling and Dehumidification
. These compressors can account for a significant portion of a manufacturing facility?s electric consumption and any increase in efficiency can lead to economic benefits. Air compressors are sensitive to ambient conditions, as evidenced by the fact... fall as low as 20% below their 4 rated generation capacity (standard ISO power output at 59?F ambient) when temperatures are over 95?F. Further, warmer days result in increased electric power demand due to the need for household cooling. In order...
Hardy, Mark James
Development of Versatile Compressor Modeling using Approximation Techniques for Alternative Refrigerants Evaluation
Refrigerants are the life-blood of vapor compression systems that are widely used in Heating, Ventilation, Air-Conditioning, and Refrigeration (HVAC&R) applications. The HVAC&R community is currently transitioning from main-stream refrigerants that have high Global Warming Potential (GWP) to alternative lower-GWP refrigerants. During this transition, it is important to account for the life cycle climate performance of alternative refrigerants since their performance will be different than that of higher-GWP refrigerants. This requires the evaluation of the system performance with the new refrigerants. Unfortunately, it is extremely difficult to predict the realistic performance of new alternative refrigerants without experimental validation. One of the main challenges in this regard is modeling the compressor performance with high fidelity due to the complex interaction of operating parameters, geometry, boundary conditions, and fluid properties. High fidelity compressor models are computationally expensive and require significant pre-processing to evaluate the performance of alternative refrigerants. This paper presents a new approach to modeling compressor performance when alternative refrigerants are used. The new modeling concept relies on using existing compressor performance to create an approximate model that captures the dependence of compressor performance on key operating parameters and fluid properties. The model can be built using a myriad of approximation techniques. This paper focuses on Kriging-based techniques to develop higher fidelity approximate compressor models. Baseline and at least one alternative refrigerant performance data are used to build the model. The model accuracy was evaluated by comparing the model results with compressor performance data using other refrigerants. Preliminary results show that the approximate model can predict the compressor mass flow rate and power consumption within 5%.
Abdelaziz, Omar [ORNL] [ORNL; Shrestha, Som S [ORNL] [ORNL
Compressor and Turbine Models of Brayton Units for Space Nuclear Power Systems
Closed Brayton Cycles with centrifugal flow, single-shaft turbo-machines are being considered, with gas cooled nuclear reactors, to provide 10's to 100's of electrical power to support future space exploration missions and Lunar and Mars outposts. Such power system analysis is typically based on the cycle thermodynamics, for given operating pressures and temperatures and assumed polytropic efficiencies of the compressor and turbine of the Brayton energy conversion units. Thus the analysis results not suitable for modeling operation transients such as startup and changes in the electric load. To simulate these transients, accurate models of the turbine and compressor in the Brayton rotating unit, which calculate the changes in the compressor and turbine efficiencies with system operation are needed. This paper presents flow models that account for the design and dimensions of the compressor impeller and diffuser, and the turbine stator and rotor blades. These models calculate the various enthalpy losses and the polytropic efficiencies along with the pressure ratios of the turbine and compressor. The predictions of these models compare well with reported performance data of actual hardware. In addition, the results of a parametric analysis to map the operations of the compressor and turbine, as functions of the rotating shaft speed and inlet Mach number of the gas working fluid, are presented and discussed. The analysis used a binary mixture of He-Xe with a molecular weight of 40 g/mole as the working fluid.
Gallo, Bruno M.; El-Genk, Mohamed S.; Tournier, Jean-Michel [Institute for Space and Nuclear Power Studies, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131 (United States); Chemical and Nuclear Engineering Department, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131 (United States)
Apparatus and methods for cooling and sealing rotary helical screw compressors
In a compression system which incorporates a rotary helical screw compressor, and for any type of gas or refrigerant, the working liquid oil is atomized through nozzles suspended in, and parallel to, the suction gas flow, or alternatively the nozzles are mounted on the suction piping. In either case, the aim is to create positively a homogeneous mixture of oil droplets to maximize the effectiveness of the working liquid oil in improving the isothermal and volumetric efficiencies. The oil stream to be atomized may first be degassed at compressor discharge pressure by heating within a pressure vessel and recovering the energy added by using the outgoing oil stream to heat the incoming oil stream. The stripped gas is typically returned to the compressor discharge flow. In the preferred case, the compressor rotors both contain a hollow cavity through which working liquid oil is injected into channels along the edges of the rotors, thereby forming a continuous and positive seal between the rotor edges and the compressor casing. In the alternative method, working liquid oil is injected either in the same direction as the rotor rotation or counter to rotor rotation through channels in the compressor casing which are tangential to the rotor edges and parallel to the rotor center lines or alternatively the channel paths coincide with the helical path of the rotor edges. 14 figs.
Fresco, A.N.
In a compression system which incorporates a rotary helical screw compressor, and for any type of gas or refrigerant, the working liquid oil is atomized through nozzles suspended in, and parallel to, the suction gas flow, or alternatively the nozzles are mounted on the suction piping. In either case, the aim is to create positively a homogeneous mixture of oil droplets to maximize the effectiveness of the working liquid oil in improving the isothermal and volumetric efficiencies. The oil stream to be atomized may first be degassed at compressor discharge pressure by heating within a pressure vessel and recovering the energy added by using the outgoing oil stream to heat the incoming oil stream. The stripped gas is typically returned to the compressor discharge flow. In the preferred case, the compressor rotors both contain a hollow cavity through which working liquid oil is injected into channels along the edges of the rotors, thereby forming a continuous and positive seal between the rotor edges and the compressor casing. In the alternative method, working liquid oil is injected either in the same direction as the rotor rotation or counter to rotor rotation through channels in the compressor casing which are tangential to the rotor edges and parallel to the rotor centerlines or alternatively the channel paths coincide with the helical path of the rotor edges.
Fresco, Anthony N. (P.O. Box 734, Upton, NY 11973)
This report documents a 3-year research program conducted by the Engines & Energy Conversion Laboratory (EECL) at Colorado State University (CSU) to develop micropilot ignition systems for existing pipeline compressor engines. Research activities for the overall program were conducted with the understanding that the efforts are to result in a commercial product to capture and disseminate the efficiency and environmental benefits of this new technology. An extensive state-of-art review was conducted to leverage the existing body of knowledge of micropilot ignition with respect to retrofit applications. Additionally, commercially-available fuel injection products were identified and applied to the program where appropriate. This approach will minimize the overall time-to-market requirements, while meeting performance and cost criteria. The objective for Phase I was to demonstrate the feasibility of micropilot ignition for large bore, slow speed engines operating at low compression ratios under laboratory conditions at the EECL. The primary elements of Micropilot Phase I were to develop a single-cylinder test chamber to study the injection of pilot fuel into a combustion cylinder and to develop, install and test a multi-cylinder micropilot ignition system for a 4-cylinder, natural gas test engine. In all, there were twelve (12) tasks defined and executed to support these two (2) primarily elements in a stepwise fashion. Task-specific approaches and results are documented in this report. The four-cylinder prototype data was encouraging for the micro-pilot ignition technology when compared to spark ignition. The objective for Phase II was to further develop and optimize the micropilot ignition system at the EECL for large bore, slow speed engines operating at low compression ratios. The primary elements of Micropilot Phase II were to evaluate the results for the 4-cylinder system prototype developed for Phase I, then optimize this system and prepare the technology for the field demonstration phase in Year 3. In all, there were twelve (12) tasks defined and executed to support objectives in a stepwise fashion. The optimized four-cylinder system data demonstrated significant progress compared to Phase I results, as well as traditional spark ignition systems. These laboratory results were enhanced, then verified via a field demonstration project during Phase III of the Micropilot Ignition program. An Implementation Team of qualified engine retrofit service providers was assembled to install the retrofit micropilot ignition system on an engine operated by El Paso Pipeline Group at a compressor station near Window Rock, Arizona. Testing of this demonstration unit showed that the same benefits identified by laboratory testing at CSU, i.e., reduced fuel consumption and exhaust emissions (NOx, THC, CO, and CH2O). Commercialization of the retrofit micropilot ignition technology is awaiting a ''market pull'', which is expected to materialize as the results of the field demonstration become known and accepted. The Implementation Team, comprised of Woodward Governor Company, Enginuity LLC, Hoerbiger Corporation of America, and DigiCon Inc., has direct experience with the technology development and implementation, and stands ready to promote and commercialize the retrofit micropilot ignition system.
Scott Chase; Daniel Olsen; Ted Bestor
Development of a test station for a device combined from an insufflator and a compressor, basing on an
. Additionally a FMEA was carried out to locate, quantify and eliminate or minimize risks. Results: The result
Berlin,Technische Universit├żt
Transit Infrastructure Finance Through Station Location Auctions
Numerous route and station options Strong real estate marketreal estate market Transit friendly constituents Numerous route and station options
Ian Carlton
Reliability Design and Case Study of a Refrigerator Compressor Subjected to Repetitive Loads, International Journal of Refrigeration
A newly designed crankshaft of a compressor for a side-by-side (SBS) refrigerator was studied. Using mass and energy conservation balances, a variety of compressor loads typically found in a refrigeration cycle were analyzed. The laboratory failure... vis-a┤-vis de la fiabilite┤ et e┤tude de casArticle history: Received 18 March 2008 Received in revised form 6 May 2008 Accepted 21 July 2008 Published online 31 July 2008 Keywords: Refrigeration system Compression system Reciprocating compressor...
Woo, S.; O'Neal, D.L.; Pecht, M.
A Lossless Fuzzy Binary AND/OR Compressor
In this report, a new fuzzy 2bit-AND parallel-to-OR, or simply, a fuzzy binary AND/OR (FBAR) text data compression model as an algorithm is suggested for bettering spatial locality limits on nodes during database transactions. The current model incorporates a four-layer application technique: string-to-AND/OR pairwise binary bit + fuzzy quantum with noise conversions. This technique promotes a lossless data compression ratio of 2:1 up to values approximately = 3:1, generating a spatially-efficient compressed data file compared to nowadays data compressors. Data decompression/specific data reconstruction initiates an AND/OR pattern match technique in respect of fuzzy quantum indicators in the binary function field. The reconstruction of data occurs in the 4th layer using encryption methods. It is hypothesized that significant data compression ratio of 2n:1 for n>3:1 ratios, e.g., 32~64:1 are achievable via fuzzy qubit indexing over classical byte blocks for every bit position fragmented into a (1/2 upper +1/2 ...
Alipour, Philip B
compressor Compressed hydrogen storage Figure 2: High-compressor Compressed hydrogen storage Clean Energy Group lduction, and a hydrogen compression, storage, and Energy
Compressor Calorimeter Test of R-404A Alternatives ARM-31a, D2Y-65, L-40, and R32 + R-134a Mixture using a Scroll Compressor
As a contribution to the AHRI Low-GWP Alternative Refrigerants Evaluation Program (AREP), this study compares the performance of four lower-GWP alternative refrigerants, ARM-31a, D2Y-65, L-40, and R-32 + R-134a mixture, to that of refrigerant R-404A (baseline) in a scroll compressor designed for medium temperature refrigeration applications. These comparisons were carried out via compressor calorimeter tests performed on a compressor designed for refrigerant R-404A and having a nominal rated capacity of 23,500 Btu/hr. Tests were conducted over a suction dew point temperature range of -10 F to 35 F in 5 F increments and a discharge dew point temperature range of 70 F to 140 F in 10 F increments. All the tests were performed with 20 F superheat, 40 F superheat, and 65 F suction temperature. A liquid subcooling level of 10 F to 15 F was maintained for all the test conditions. However, the cooling capacities reported in this study are normalized for 0 F subcooling. The tests showed that the compressor energy efficiency ratio (EER) and cooling capacity with all four alternative refrigerants tested are higher at higher saturation suction and saturation discharge temperature and lower at lower saturation suction and saturation discharge temperature, compared to that of R-404A. Discharge temperatures of all the alternative refrigerants were higher than that of R-404A at all test conditions.
Shrestha, Som S [ORNL; Sharma, Vishaldeep [ORNL; Abdelaziz, Omar [ORNL
A GIS-based Assessment of Coal-based Hydrogen Infrastructure Deployment in the State of Ohio
the stations include compressors, hydrogen storage andthan compressors to supply pressurized gaseous hydrogen to
Johnson, Nils; Yang, Christopher; Ogden, J
Wachs Cutter Tooling Station (4495)
Broader source: Energy.gov (indexed) [DOE]
purchase, build and install Wachs cutter tooling. The Wachs Cutter Tooling Station is similar to previously operated facility tooling and will utilize an existing hydraulic unit....
Station design using orifice meters
This paper reports that proper meter station design using gas orifice meters must include consideration of a number of factors to minimize operation and maintenance problems while obtaining the best accuracy over the life of the station. A station should provide accuracy, be safe, functional, economical and free of undue maintenance. It should comply with all codes, reports and specifications but most of all it should be able to comply with terms set forth in the contract. All measuring stations should be designed with considerations of growth or reductions in volume. It should be attractive and built to last for many years.
Upp, E.L. (Daniel Industries, Inc., Houston, TX (United States))
The objective of this Direct Surge Control project was to develop a new internal method to avoid surge of pipeline compressors. This method will safely expand the range and flexibility of compressor operations, while minimizing wasteful recycle flow at the lower end of the operating envelope. The approach is to sense the onset of surge with a probe that directly measures re-circulation at the impeller inlet. The signals from the probe are used by a controller to allow operation at low flow conditions without resorting to a predictive method requiring excessive margin to activate a recycle valve. The sensor developed and demonstrated during this project was a simple, rugged, and sensitive drag probe. Experiments conducted in a laboratory compressor clearly showed the effectiveness of the technique. Subsequent field demonstrations indicated that the increase in range without the need to recycle flow was on the order of 19% to 25%. The cost benefit of applying the direct surge control technology appears to be as much as $120 per hour per compressor for operation without the current level of recycle flow. This could amount to approximately $85 million per year for the U.S. Natural Gas Transmission industry, if direct surge control systems are applied to most pipeline centrifugal compressors.
Robert J. McKee; Shane P. Siebenaler; Danny M. Deffenbaugh
Variable gas spring for matching power output from FPSE to load of refrigerant compressor
The power output of a free piston Stirling engine is matched to a gas compressor which it drives and its stroke amplitude is made relatively constant as a function of power by connecting a gas spring to the drive linkage from the engine to the compressor. The gas spring is connected to the compressor through a passageway in which a valve is interposed. The valve is linked to the drive linkage so it is opened when the stroke amplitude exceeds a selected limit. This allows compressed gas to enter the spring, increase its spring constant, thus opposing stroke increase and reducing the phase lead of the displacer ahead of the piston to reduce power output and match it to a reduced load power demand.
Chen, Gong (Athens, OH); Beale, William T. (Athens, OH)
Development of a Hybrid Compressor/Expander Module for Automotive Fuel Cell Applications
In this program TIAX LLC conducted the development of an advanced technology compressor/expander for supplying compressed air to Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cells in transportation applications. The overall objective of this program was to develop a hybrid compressor/expander module, based on both scroll and high-speed turbomachinery technologies, which will combine the strengths of each technology to create a concept with superior performance at minimal size and cost. The resulting system was expected to have efficiency and pressure delivery capability comparable to that of a scroll-only machine, at significantly reduced system size and weight when compared to scroll-only designs. Based on the results of detailed designs and analyses of the critical system elements, the Hybrid Compressor/Expander Module concept was projected to deliver significant improvements in weight, volume and manufacturing cost relative to previous generation systems.
McTaggart, Paul
Note: Synchronous energy extraction through four output ports of microwave compressor
The energy stored in a resonant cavity was extracted through four output ports and added in phase in a common line. Operation of a single switch provided synchronism and the power portions transmitted through the ports were combined in a waveguide turnstile junction. Estimation shows that the compressor peak power can reach a value eight times as much as the switched wave power, provided the output pulsewidth is shortened by the same factor with reference to the cavity double transit time. The performance of the X-band compressor prototype was investigated. Signals radiated through each of four output ports had identical envelope shapes and equal peak power values. The reflected wave did not accompany the power combining. The pulses of 1.2 MW peak power and 1.6 ns pulse width were obtained when the compressor was driven by the 50 kW pulse power magnetron generator.
Avgustinovich, V. A.; Artemenko, S. N.; Novikov, S. A.; Yushkov, Yu. G. [Tomsk Polytechnic University, 2-a Lenina, Tomsk 634050 (Russian Federation)
The power output of a free piston Stirling engine is matched to a gas compressor which it drives and its stroke amplitude is made relatively constant as a function of power by connecting a gas spring to the drive linkage from the engine to the compressor. The gas spring is connected to the compressor through a passageway in which a valve is interposed. The valve is linked to the drive linkage so it is opened when the stroke amplitude exceeds a selected limit. This allows compressed gas to enter the spring, increase its spring constant, thus opposing stroke increase and reducing the phase lead of the displacer ahead of the piston to reduce power output and match it to a reduced load power demand. 6 figs.
Chen, G.; Beale, W.T.
Fuel Station Procedure Applicability All
Fuel Station Procedure Applicability All Last Revised 11/20/12 Procedure Owner Andrew Grant agrant for the purchasing and distribution of fuel for vehicles owned by Bowling Green State University (BGSU). This centralization is important to ensure compliance for BGSU employees who use the centralized fuel station and fuel
Moore, Paul A.
Improving performance and rotordynamic characteristics of injection compressors via much longer balance-piston and division-wall seals
Predictions are presented for a selected compressor using longer hole-pattern seals with L/D ratios from 0.5 to 2.5. Results were obtained for back-to-back and in-line compressors with the seal located at mid-span and at 82% of rotor span...
Rodrigues Rodrigues, Margarita
Test results of performance and oil circulation rate of commercial reciprocating compressors of different capacities working with
others. The compressors used POE oil as lubricant and additional oil circulation rate (OCR) testsTest results of performance and oil circulation rate of commercial reciprocating compressors at steady state conditions were done to evaluate possible effects and differences to the traditionally used
Research and development of energy-efficient appliance motor-compressors. Final report. Volume 1: executive summary
The accomplishments of the refrigerator/freezer motor-compressor development program are highlighted. The experimental program involved making numerous incremental changes to an existing compresssor design. The refrigerator/freezer motor compressor experimental development, room air conditioner experimental development, market study, and phase II field demonstration program are summarized. (MHR)
Nelson, R.T.; MacCarthy, P.W.
Gas Spring Losses in Linear Clearance Seal Compressors P.B. Bailey, M.W. Dadd, J.S. Reed*
with a clearance seal linear compressor attached to a plain gas spring volume. The static flow through1 Gas Spring Losses in Linear Clearance Seal Compressors P.B. Bailey, M.W. Dadd, J.S. Reed* , C A fundamental loss mechanism in cryocoolers is associated with compression and expansion processes
A high throughput (>90%), large compensation range, single-prism femtosecond pulse compressor
We demonstrate a high throughput, large compensation range, single-prism femtosecond pulse compressor, using a single prism and two roof mirrors. The compressor has zero angular dispersion, zero spatial dispersion, zero pulse-front tilt, and unity magnification. The high efficiency is achieved by adopting two roof mirrors as the retroreflectors. We experimentally achieved ~ -14500 fs2 group delay dispersion (GDD) with 30 cm of prism tip-roof mirror prism separation, and ~90.7% system throughput with the current implementation. With better components, the throughput can be even higher.
Kong, Lingjie
High efficiency, low frequency linear compressor proposed for Gifford-McMahon and pulse tube cryocoolers
In order to reduce the amount of greenhouse gas emissions, which are most likely the cause of substantial global warming, a reduction of overall energy consumption is crucial. Low frequency Gifford-McMahon and pulse tube cryocoolers are usually powered by a scroll compressor together with a rotary valve. It has been theoretically shown that the efficiency losses within the rotary valve can be close to 50%{sup 1}. In order to eliminate these losses we propose to use a low frequency linear compressor, which directly generates the pressure wave without using a rotary valve. First results of this development will be presented.
H÷hne, Jens [Pressure Wave Systems GmbH, Hõberlstr. 8, 80337 Munich (Germany)
Research and development of energy-efficient appliance motor-compressors. Volume IV. Production demonstration and field test
Two models of a high-efficiency compressor were manufactured in a pilot production run. These compressors were for low back-pressure applications. While based on a production compressor, there were many changes that required production process changes. Some changes were performed within our company and others were made by outside vendors. The compressors were used in top mount refrigerator-freezers and sold in normal distribution channels. Forty units were placed in residences for a one-year field test. Additional compressors were built so that a life test program could be performed. The results of the field test reveal a 27.0% improvement in energy consumption for the 18 ft/sup 3/ high-efficiency model and a 15.6% improvement in the 21 ft/sup 3/ improvement in the 21 ft/sup 3/ high-efficiency model as compared to the standard production unit.
Middleton, M.G.; Sauber, R.S.
4-12: Hydrogen Cost Comparison for Electrolysis Station Withthe hydrogen costs from the HSCM for electrolysis stations
control valves in the storage system lines, and ensure theSize Cost vs. Size for Storage System Size (kg) PV=100 PV=Equipment Purifier Storage System Compressor Dispenser
Costs Annualized Investment Cost, 1000$/yr Total AnnualizedH2 Fueling Stations Investment Cost Cost ($/yr) OperatingH2 Fueling Stations Investment Cost Cost ($/kg) Operating
Energy Department Launches Alternative Fueling Station Locator...
Launches Alternative Fueling Station Locator App Energy Department Launches Alternative Fueling Station Locator App November 7, 2013 - 11:16am Addthis As part of the Obama...
Bulk-Flow analysis for force and moment coefficients of a shrouded centrifugal compressor impeller
An analysis is developed for a compressible bulk-flow model of the leakage path between a centrifugal compressor's impeller shroud and housing along the front and back side of the impeller. This is an extension of analysis performed first by Childs...
Gupta, Manoj Kumar
An Electron Bunch Compressor Based on an FEL Interaction in the Far Infra Red
In this note an electron bunch compressor is proposed based on FEL type interaction of the electron bunch with far infrared (FIR) radiation. This mechanism maintains phase space density and thus requires a high quality electron beam to produce bunches of the length of a few ten micrometer.
Gaupp, Andreas
Tip clearance flows in axial compressors: stall inception and stability enhancement
The flow in the rotor tip clearance gap in an axial compressor influences the loss levels and the stall onset point. The role of tip clearance flows in the stall inception process is still debated, though. The aim of this thesis is to improve...
Weichert, Stephanie April
Modeling and Control of a Free Liquid-Piston Engine Compressor
Modeling and Control of a Free Liquid-Piston Engine Compressor Chao Yong, Eric J. Barth, Jos├® A Nashville, TN, USA ABSTRACT This paper presents the modeling and control of a prototype compact free liquid-piston of the free piston, and 6) the compression and pumping dynamics. The model is then utilized to design
compressor is the critical part of a Compressed Air En- ergy Storage (CAES) system. Efficient and fast and expansion has many applications in pneumatic and hydraulic systems, including in the Compressed Air Energy CAES system, high pressure (20-30MPa) compressed air is stored in a dual chamber storage vessel
Li, Perry Y.
Tiled-Grating Compressor with Uncompensated Dispersion for Near-Field-Intensity Smoothing
A tiled-grating compressor, in which the spatial dispersion is not completely compensated, reduces the near-field-intensity modulation caused by tiling gaps and provides near-field spatial filtering of the input laser beam, thus reducing the laser damage to the final optics.
Huang, H.; Kessler, T.J.
EVLA Memo #168 Assessing the Impact of Using Three Cryogenic Compressors on the
a set of eight cryogenically cooled receivers that cover the continuous frequency range 1┬Ł50 GHz. TableEVLA Memo #168 Assessing the Impact of Using Three Cryogenic Compressors on the Performance temperature and system temperature measurements for the eight cryogeni- cally cooled receivers of a subset
Groppi, Christopher
1275, Page 1 ANALYSIS AND DEVELOPMENT OF A TURBIVO COMPRESSOR FOR MVR
The mechanical vapor recompression is an efficient process to decrease energy consumption of drying processes efficiencies. 1. INTRODUCTION One third of European homes use clothes dryers, which energy consumption is one dryers is the use of a compressor with high efficiency in an open cycle and at high evaporating
a set of eight cryogenically cooled receivers that cover the continuous frequency range 1--50 GHz. TableEVLA Memo #168 Assessing the Impact of Using Three Cryogenic Compressors on the Performance temperature and system temperature measurements for the eight cryogeni┬Ł cally cooled receivers of a subset
On active surge control of compressors using a mass flow Bjrnar Bhagen and Jan Tommy Gravdahl
can cause severe damage to the ma- chine due to vibrations and high thermal loading re- sulting from of a centrifugal compressor driven by an electrical motor and the control system consists of three parts expensive and hampered with high noise levels. For this reason we propose a nonlinear observer
Three-dimensional hybrid grid generator and unstructured flow solver for compressors and turbines
/Output control panel. : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 87 19 GUI: Geometry panel. : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 87 20 GUI: Execution control panel. : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 88 21 Test case airfoil... by Wieghardt and Tillmann. The computed result is based on the k ?! model. : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 123 46 Detail of the Honeywell centrifugal compressor impeller geometry. : : 125 47 Computational grid...
Kim, Kyusup
This preliminary phase 1 report summarizes the background and the work on the ''Increased Flexibility of Turbo-Compressors in Natural Gas Transmission through Direct Surge Control'' project to date. The importance of centrifugal compressors for natural gas transmission is discussed, and the causes of surge and the consequences of current surge control approaches are explained. Previous technology development, including findings from early GMRC research, previous surge detection work, and selected publications, are presented. The project is divided into three Phases to accomplish the project objectives of verifying near surge sensing, developing a prototype surge control system (sensor and controller), and testing/demonstrating the benefits of direct surge control. Specification for the direct surge control sensor and controller developed with guidance from the industry Oversight Committee is presented in detail. Results of CFD modeling conducted to aid in interpreting the laboratory test results are shown and explained. An analysis of the system dynamics identified the data sampling and handling requirements for direct surge control. A detailed design process for surge detection probes has been developed and explained in this report and has been used to prepare drag probes for the laboratory compressor test and the first field test. The surge detection probes prepared for testing have been bench tested and flow tested to determine and calibrate their sensitivity to flow forces as shown in data presented in this report. The surge detection drag probes have been shown to perform as expected and as required to detect approaching surge. Laboratory test results of surge detection in the SwRI centrifugal compressor demonstrated functionality of the surge detection probes and a change in the impeller inlet flow pattern prior to surge. Although the recirculation cannot be detected because of the specific geometry of this compressor, there are changes that indicate the approach of surge that can be detected. Preparations for a field test had been completed at one point in the project. However, a failure of the surge probe wiring just inside the compressor case has caused a delay in the field testing. Repairs for the wiring in the compressor have been scheduled and the field test will take place shortly after the repairs.
Robert J. McKee
Compressor calorimeter performance of refrigerant blends: Comparative methods and results for a refrigerator/freezer application
A protocol was developed to define calorimeter operating pressures for nonazeotropic refrigerant mixtures (NARMs) which corresponded with the saturated evaporator and condenser temperatures commonly used for pure refrigerants. Compressor calorimeter results were obtained using this equivalent-mean-temperature (EMT) approach and a generally applied Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers (AHAM) procedure at conditions characteristic of a domestic refrigerator-freezer application. Tests with R-12 and two NARMs indicate that compressor volumetric and isentropic efficiencies are nearly the same for refrigerants with similar capacities and pressure ratios. The liquid-line temperature conditions specified in the AHAM calorimeter rating procedure for refrigerator-freezer compressors were found to preferentially derate NARM performance relative to R-12. Conversion of calorimeter data taken with a fixed liquid-line temperature to a uniform minimal level of condenser subcooling is recommended as a fairer procedure when NARMs are involved. Compressor energy-efficiency-ratio (EER) and capacity data measured as a result of the EMT approach were compared to system performance calculated using an equivalent-heat-exchanger-loading (EHXL) protocol based on a Lorenz-Meutzner (L-M) refrigerator-freezer modeling program. The EHXL protocol was used to transform the calorimeter results into a more relevant representation of potential L-M cycle performance. The EMT method used to set up the calorimeter tests and the AHAM liquid-line conditions combined to significantly understate the cycle potential of NARMs relative to that predicted at the more appropriate EHXL conditions. Compressor conditions representative of larger heat exchanger sizes were also found to give a smaller L-M cycle advantage relative to R-12.
Rice, C K; Sand, J R
Phase Modulator Programming to Get Flat Pulses with Desired Length and Power from the CTF3 Pulse Compressors
The pulse compressor is located after the klystron to increase the power peak by storing the energy at the beginning and releasing it near the end of klystron output pulse. In the CTF3 pulse compressors a doubling of the peak power is achieved according to our needs and the machine parameters. The magnitude of peak power, pulse length and flatness can be controlled by using a phase modulator for the input signal of klystrons. A C++ code is written to simulate the pulse compressor behaviour according to the klystron output pulse power. By manually changing the related parameters in the code for the best match, the quality factor and the filling time of pulse compressor cavities can be determined. This code also calculates and sends the suitable phase to the phase modulator according to the klystron output pulse power and the desired pulse length and peak power
Shaker, Seyd Hamed; Skowronski, Piotr; Syratchev, Igor; Tecker, Frank
A New Approach for Determining Optimal Air Compressor Location in A Manufacturing Facility to Increase Energy Efficiency
the energy cost -in the manufacturing facility. Compressor distance to air demand, air pressure, load factor and volume are all factors considered in the model. The proposed model determines the facility's attributes based on user inputs of facility size...
Zahlan, J.; Avci, M.; Asfour, S.
Japanese and American competition in the development of scroll compressors and its impact on the American air conditioning industry
This report examines the technological development of scroll compressors and its impact on the air conditioning equipment industry. Scroll compressors, although considered to be the compressors of the future for energy-efficient residential heat pumps and possibly for many other applications, are difficult to manufacture on a volume-production base. The manufacturing process requires computer-aided, numerically controlled tools for high-precision fabrication of major parts. Japan implemented a global strategy for dominating the technological world market in the 1970s, and scroll compressor technology benefited from the advent of new-generation machine tools. As a result, if American manufacturers of scroll compressors purchase or are essentially forced to purchase numerically controlled tools from Japan in the future, they will then become dependent on their own competitors because the same Japanese conglomerates that make numerically controlled tools also make scroll compressors. This study illustrates the importance of the basic machine tool industry to the health of the US economy. Without a strong machine tool industry, it is difficult for American manufacturers to put innovations, whether patented or not, into production. As we experience transformation in the air conditioning and refrigeration market, it will be critical to establish a consistent national policy to provide healthy competition among producers, to promote innovation within the industry, to enhance assimilation of new technology, and to eliminate practices that are incompatible with these goals. 72 refs., 8 figs., 1 tab.
Ushimaru, Kenji (Energy International, Inc., Bellevue, WA (USA))
Temperature and humidity control during cooling and dehumidifying by compressor and evaporator fan speed variation
The accurate control of temperature and relative humidity during cooling and dehumidifying air-conditioning processes may be achieved by compressor and evaporator fan speed variation. Proportional-integral-differential (PID) control methods are shown to be suitable for attaining compressor and evaporator fan speeds such that the sensible and latent components of the refrigeration system capacity equal the sensible and latent components of the system load. The feasibility of the control method has been verified experimentally. A numerical model of an environmental control system, including refrigeration, space, and PID control subsystems, has been developed. The model is suitable for determining system response to variations of PID coefficient values and to variations of system loads.
Krakow, K.I.; Lin, S.; Zeng, Z.S. [Concordia Univ., Montreal, Quebec (Canada). Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
Diluted combustion products from previous stroke Combustion gases expand down to Air in compressor chamber, combustion products continue to dilute with entrained fresh air further cooling 5. End of Stroke.- Magnetic kinetic energy. products cooled with fresh air. 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Compressor Calorimeter Test of R-410A Alternatives R-32, DR-5, and L-41a
As a contribution to the AHRI Low-GWP Alternative Refrigerants Evaluation Program (AREP), this study compares performance of alternative refrigerants R32, DR-5, and L-41A to that of refrigerant R-410A (baseline) in a scroll compressor designed for air-conditioning and heat pump applications. Compressor calorimeter tests were performed to evaluate the performance of the lower-GWP alternative refrigerants in place of the common refrigerant R-410A in a 36,000 Btu/hr compressor calorimeter using a compressor having a nominal rated capacity of 21,300 Btu/hr. Tests were conducted over a suction dew point temperature range of 10 F to 55 F in 5 F increments and a discharge dew point temperature range of 70 F to 140 F in 10 F increments. All the tests were performed with 20 F superheat, 40 F superheat and 65 F suction temperature. A liquid subcooling level of 15 F was maintained for all the test conditions. The tests showed that performance of these three lower-GWP alternative refrigerants is comparable to that of R-410A. For the 20 F superheat and 15 F subcooling test conditions, EERs of R32, DR-5, and L-41A were 90% to 99%, 96% to 99%, and 94% to 101%, respectively, compared to that of R-410A. Similarly, cooling capacities of R32, DR-5, and L-41A were 98% to 103%, 92% to 96%, and 84% to 92%, respectively, compared to that of R-410A.
Shrestha, Som S [ORNL; Mahderekal, Isaac [ORNL; Sharma, Vishaldeep [ORNL; Abdelaziz, Omar [ORNL
A modified post damping ring bunch compressor beamline for the TESLA linear collider
We propose a modified bunch compressor beamline, downstream of the damping ring, for the TESLA linear collider. This modified beamline uses a third harmonic radio-frequency section based on the 3.9 GHz superconducting cavity under development at Fermilab. In our design the beam deceleration is about {approx}50 MeV instead of {approx}450 MeV in the original design proposed.
Philippe R.-G. Piot; Winfried Decking
e.g. co-locate with gasoline station, bus-yard, or officeintegrated into existing gasoline stations with 8 dispensersof a liquid H 2 and gasoline station layout. Figure 4-9:
located at an existing gasoline station. One could use othere.g. co-locate with gasoline station, bus-yard, or officeequivalent to about 6% of gasoline stations in California 4.
Mobile Alternative Fueling Station Locator
The Department of Energy's Alternative Fueling Station Locator is available on-the-go via cell phones, BlackBerrys, or other personal handheld devices. The mobile locator allows users to find the five closest biodiesel, electricity, E85, hydrogen, natural gas, and propane fueling sites using Google technology.
Not Available
NOAA PMEL Station Chemistry Data
DOE Data Explorer [Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)]
Submicron and supermicron samples are analyzed by ion chromatography for Cl-, NO3-, SO4-2, Na+, NH4+, K+, Mg2+, and Ca+2. The analysis of MSA-, Br-, and oxalate has been added to some stations. Samples also are analyzed for total mass by gravimetric analysis at 55 +/- 5% RH.
Quinn, Patricia
Presented by Climate End Station
.S. Department of Energy Bettge_LCF Climate_SC10 CESM working groups ┬Ę Application ┬Ł Climate change, paleoclimate climate change projections for IPCC AR5 Gerald Meehl and Warren Washington, NCAR ┬Ę Climate changePresented by Climate End Station Thomas Bettge National Center for Atmospheric Research James B
Proposal to negotiate two contracts, without competitive tendering, for the supply and the repair of compressors for the LHC 18 kW helium refrigeration plants
Proposal to negotiate two contracts, without competitive tendering, for the supply and the repair of compressors for the LHC 18 kW helium refrigeration plants
Proposal to negotiate a contract, without competitive tendering, for the overhaul of screw compressors for the LHC 18 kW helium refrigeration plants
Proposal to negotiate a contract, without competitive tendering, for the overhaul of screw compressors for the LHC 18 kW helium refrigeration plants
CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION COMPARATIVE COSTS OF CALIFORNIA CENTRAL STATION ELECTRICITY GENERATION .............................................................................13 Definition of Levelized Cost ........................................................................................................13 Levelized Cost Components
CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION COMPARATIVE COSTS OF CALIFORNIA CENTRAL STATION ELECTRICITY GENERATION............................................................ 3 Definition of Levelized Cost.................................................................................... 3 Levelized Cost Categories
Laughlin, Robert B.
7.1.1. Fernbahnhof / Rail Station
Fernbahnhofs 184.108.40.206.5 Kõlteversorgung des Fernbahnhofs / Cooling Supply of Rail Station 7 Abwasserversorgung des Fernbahnhofs / Fresh and Used Water Supply of Rail Stations 18.104.22.168.1.1 Verfahren zur Fernbahnhofs 126.96.36.199.2 Stromversorgung des Fernbahnhofs / Power Supply of Rail Station 7
Berlin,Technische Universitõt
The Fuel-Travel-Back Approach to Hydrogen Station Siting
the experience of gasoline stations. Driven by the notion "percentages of existing gasoline stations, for a successfulsubset of the existing gasoline station network [14]. These
Lin, Zhenhong; Ogden, Joan; Fan, Yueyue; Chen, Chien-Wei
The serendipitous observation of a gravitationally lensed galaxy at z = 0.9057 from the Blanco Cosmology Survey: The Elliot Arc
We report on the serendipitous discovery in the Blanco Cosmology Survey (BCS) imaging data of a z = 0.9057 galaxy that is being strongly lensed by a massive galaxy cluster at a redshift of z = 0.3838. The lens (BCS J2352-5452) was discovered while examining i- and z-band images being acquired in October 2006 during a BCS observing run. Follow-up spectroscopic observations with the GMOS instrument on the Gemini South 8m telescope confirmed the lensing nature of this system. Using weak plus strong lensing, velocity dispersion, cluster richness N200, and fitting to an NFW cluster mass density profile, we have made three independent estimates of the mass M200 which are all very consistent with each other. The combination of the results from the three methods gives M200 = (5.1 x 1.3) x 1014 circle_dot, which is fully consistent with the individual measurements. The final NFW concentration c200 from the combined fit is c200 = 5.4-1.1+1.4. We have compared our measurements of M200 and c200 with predictions for (a) clusters from ?CDM simulations, (b) lensing selected clusters from simulations, and (c) a real sample of cluster lenses. We find that we are most compatible with the predictions for ?CDM simulations for lensing clusters, and we see no evidence based on this one system for an increased concentration compared to ?CDM. Finally, using the flux measured from the [OII]3727 line we have determined the star formation rate (SFR) of the source galaxy and find it to be rather modest given the assumed lens magnification.
Buckley-Geer, E J; Lin, H; Drabek, E R; Allam, S S; Tucker, D L; Armstrong, R; Barkhouse, W A; Bertin, E; Brodwin, M; Desai, S; Frieman, J A
Timber Mountain Precipitation Monitoring Station
A precipitation monitoring station was placed on the west flank of Timber Mountain during the year 2010. It is located in an isolated highland area near the western border of the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS), south of Pahute Mesa. The cost of the equipment, permitting, and installation was provided by the Environmental Monitoring Systems Initiative (EMSI) project. Data collection, analysis, and maintenance of the station during fiscal year 2011 was funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration, Nevada Site Office Environmental Restoration, Soils Activity. The station is located near the western headwaters of Forty Mile Wash on the Nevada Test and Training Range (NTTR). Overland flows from precipitation events that occur in the Timber Mountain high elevation area cross several of the contaminated Soils project CAU (Corrective Action Unit) sites located in the Forty Mile Wash watershed. Rain-on-snow events in the early winter and spring around Timber Mountain have contributed to several significant flow events in Forty Mile Wash. The data from the new precipitation gauge at Timber Mountain will provide important information for determining runoff response to precipitation events in this area of the NNSS. Timber Mountain is also a groundwater recharge area, and estimation of recharge from precipitation was important for the EMSI project in determining groundwater flowpaths and designing effective groundwater monitoring for Yucca Mountain. Recharge estimation additionally provides benefit to the Underground Test Area Sub-project analysis of groundwater flow direction and velocity from nuclear test areas on Pahute Mesa. Additionally, this site provides data that has been used during wild fire events and provided a singular monitoring location of the extreme precipitation events during December 2010 (see data section for more details). This letter report provides a summary of the site location, equipment, and data collected in fiscal year 2011.
Lyles Brad,McCurdy Greg,Chapman Jenny,Miller Julianne
Beam dynamics performances and applications of a low-energy electron-beam magnetic bunch compressor
Many front-end applications of electron linear accelerators rely on the production of temporally-compressed bunches. The shortening of electron bunches is often realized with magnetic bunch compressors located in high-energy sections of accelerators. Magnetic compression is subject to collective effects including space charge and self interaction via coherent synchrotron radiation. In this paper we explore the application of magnetic compression to low-energy ($\\sim 40$ MeV), high-charge (nC) electron bunches with low normalized transverse emittances ($< 5$ $\\mu$m).
Prokop, C R; Carlsten, B E; Church, M
RF study and simulations of a C-band Barrel Open Cavity (BOC) pulse compressor
This paper focuses on the RF study of a C-band(5712MHz) BOC pulse compressor. The operating principle of BOC is presented and the technical specifications are determined. The main components of BOC such as the cavity, the matching waveguide, the coupling slots and the tuning rings were numerically simulated by 3-D codes software HFSS and CST Microwave Studio(MWS). The "whispering gallery" mode TM6,1,1 with an unload Q of 100000 was chosen to oscillate in the cavity. An energy multiplication factor of 1.99 and a peak power gain of 6.34 were achieved theoretically.
Shu, Guan; He, Xiang
Internally-cooled centrifugal compressor with cooling jacket formed in the diaphragm
An internally-cooled centrifugal compressor having a shaped casing and a diaphragm disposed within the shaped casing having a gas side and a coolant side so that heat from a gas flowing though the gas side is extracted via the coolant side. An impeller disposed within the diaphragm has a stage inlet on one side and a stage outlet for delivering a pressurized gas to a downstream connection. The coolant side of the diaphragm includes at least one passageway for directing a coolant in a substantially counter-flow direction from the flow of gas through the gas side.
Moore, James J.; Lerche, Andrew H.; Moreland, Brian S.
Hanford Meteorological Station - Hanford Site
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul(Summary)morphinanInformation Desert Southwest Region service area. TheEPSCIResearchGulf of MexicoDidYouKnowForStation
Development of a high efficiency compressor/expander for an air cycle air conditioning system. Final report
This document presents the methods and procedures used and the results obtained in the design, fabrication, and testing of a rotary vane type compressor operated on air cycle thermodynamics. The history and results of the testing of a similar expander are summarized and the full report of that work is referenced. The machine design used was based on one patented by Ecton Corporation. The goal of the reported effort was to demonstrate the attainable efficiencies of these machines. Appropriate test rigs were assembled and the machines were tested at various operating conditions. The compressor testing did not achieve the full design speed because of time constraints but important data was obtained at 87% speed (3000 rpm). The maximum measured total efficiencies were 78% for the expander and 71% for the compressor. Various design improvements which may yield improved performance were identified and reported.
Summers, R.L.; Smolinski, R.E.
Retrofit of existing 400 horsepower air compressor motor with steam turbine
This paper is on the completion of a retrofit project to replace an existing 400 Horsepower air compressor motor with a steam turbine. The discussion includes visuals to show the process involved in carrying out this project. There will be in three parts. The first part of the presentation will cover the planning and construction. Planning included defining a scope, collecting data to support this scope, determining engineering feasibility, and calculating an economic payback. Construction will include the preparations for the retrofit including details of upgrades to existing systems and components, and installation of new systems and components. This will be followed by details on the actual removal of the motor, installation of the turbine, and the revision of the controls. Startup of the air compressor on steam is then discussed including necessary preparation of steam systems. Next to be presented will be some of the problems and their solutions experienced during this project. Specifically discussed will be regulatory concerns, noise of operation, insurance, and fluctuations in plant process steam demand. The conclusion of the presentation will focus on present operating status, savings demonstrated, and maintenance required.
Sanders, S.F.
Dynamically balanced, hydraulically driven compressor/pump apparatus for resonant free piston Stirling engines
A compressor, pump, or alternator apparatus is designed for use with a resonant free piston Stirling engine so as to isolate apparatus fluid from the periodically pressurized working fluid of the Stirling engine. The apparatus housing has a first side closed by a power coupling flexible diaphragm (the engine working member) and a second side closed by a flexible diaphragm gas spring. A reciprocally movable piston is disposed in a transverse cylinder in the housing and moves substantially at right angles relative to the flexible diaphragms. An incompressible fluid fills the housing which is divided into two separate chambers by suitable ports. One chamber provides fluid coupling between the power diaphragm of the RFPSE and the piston and the second chamber provides fluid coupling between the gas spring diaphragm and the opposite side of the piston. The working members of a gas compressor, pump, or alternator are driven by the piston. Sealing and wearing parts of the apparatus are mounted at the external ends of the transverse cylinder in a double acting arrangement for accessibility. An annular counterweight is mounted externally of the reciprocally movable piston and is driven by incompressible fluid coupling in a direction opposite to the piston so as to damp out transverse vibrations.
Corey, John A. (North Troy, NY)
total installed capital cost (TIC) 1% Of TIC 25% Estimate ofcost estimates for six station types SMR 100 a Equipment capital
Kansas Nuclear Profile - Wolf Creek Generating Station
April 2012" "Next Release Date: February 2013" "Wolf Creek Generating Station" "Unit","Summer capacity (mw)","Net generation (thousand mwh)","Summer capacity factor...
Washington Nuclear Profile - Columbia Generating Station
Columbia Generating Station" "Unit","Summer capacity (mw)","Net generation (thousand mwh)","Summer capacity factor (percent)","Type","Commercial operation date","License expiration...
Illinois Nuclear Profile - Dresden Generating Station
Dresden Generating Station" "Unit","Summer capacity (mw)","Net generation (thousand mwh)","Summer capacity factor (percent)","Type","Commercial operation date","License expiration...
Illinois Nuclear Profile - Clinton Power Station
Clinton Power Station" "Unit","Summer capacity (mw)","Net generation (thousand mwh)","Summer capacity factor (percent)","Type","Commercial operation date","License expiration date"...
Illinois Nuclear Profile - Byron Generating Station
Byron Generating Station" ,"Summer capacity (mw)","Net generation (thousand mwh)","Summer capacity factor (percent)","Type","Commercial operation date","License expiration date"...
Massachusetts Nuclear Profile - Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station
Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station" "Unit","Summer capacity (mw)","Net generation (thousand mwh)","Summer cpacity factor (percent)","Type","Commercial operation date","License...
Illinois Nuclear Profile - Braidwood Generation Station
Braidwood Generation Station" "Unit","Summer capacity (mw)","Net generation (thousand mwh)","Summer capacity factor (percent)","Type","Commercial operation date","License...
Hydrogen Fueling Infrastructure Research and Station Technology...
Infrastructure Research and Station Technology Download presentation slides from the DOE Fuel Cell Technologies Office webinar "An Overview of the Hydrogen Fueling Infrastructure...
Fueling stations; Cost; Shanghai; Fuel cell vehicles 1.and the delivery cost for fuel cell vehicles, however, itthus hydrogen cost therefore depend on the ?eet of fuel cell
4-12: Hydrogen Cost Comparison for Electrolysis Station WithAnalysis: Electrolysis, 30 kg/day, grid Hydrogen Cost ($/kg)the hydrogen costs from the HSCM for electrolysis stations
4: Energy Station Grid electricity Cogen Heat Exhaust (CO2)Recycled Reformate Grid electricity Cogen Heat Electricity
REDUCING PISTON MASS IN A FREE PISTON ENGINE COMPRESSOR BY EXPLOITING THE INERTANCE OF A LIQUID PISTON Joel A. Willhite Eric J. Barth Department of Mechanical Engineering Vanderbilt University Nashville, TN 37235-1592 firstname.lastname@example.com ABSTRACT A dynamic model of a free liquid piston
Study on Off-Design Steady State Performances of Helium Gas Turbo-compressor for HTGR-GT
The high temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR) coupled with direct gas turbine cycle is a promising concept in the future of nuclear power development. Both helium gas turbine and compressor are key components in the cycle. Under normal conditions, the mode of power adjustment is to control total helium mass in the primary loop using gas storage vessels. Meanwhile, thermal power of reactor core is regulated. This article analyzes off-design performances of helium gas turbine and compressors for high temperature gas-cooled reactor with gas turbine cycle (HTGR-GT) at steady state level of electric power adjustment. Moreover, performances of the cycle were simply discussed. Results show that the expansion ratio of turbine decreases as electric power reduces but the compression ratios of compressors increase, efficiencies of both turbine and compressors decrease to some extent. Thermal power does not vary consistently with electric power, the difference between these two powers increases as electric power reduces. As a result of much thermal energy dissipated in the temperature modulator set at core inlet, thermal efficiency of the cycle has a widely reduction under partial load conditions. (authors)
Qisen Ren; Xiaoyong Yang; Zhiyong Huang; Jie Wang [Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 (China)
Abstract--For a Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) approach to be viable, the air compressor/expander must be
Abstract-- For a Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) approach to be viable, the air compressor improvement can also be determined using this method. I. INTRODUCTION novel Compressed Air Energy Storage advantage of pneumatics. High pressure (~20-30MPa) compressed air is stored in a dual chamber storage vessel
Guadalupe-Blanco River Authority
emergency water shortage conditions are met, water allocation will be based on: Customer's previous one of water shortage conditions Once pro rata allocation is in effect, water deliveries to each customer shall by the State Water Code to provide water supplies that are derived from "firm" sources. Ę Firm sources
Yang, Zong-Liang
Design and development of a four-cell sorption compressor based J-T cooler using R134a as working fluid
The need of a cooler with no electromagnetic interference and practically zero vibration has led to sorption compressor based Joule-Thomson (J-T) coolers. These are useful for sophisticated electronic, ground based and space borne systems. In a Sorption compressor, adsorbed gases are desorbed into a confined volume by raising temperature of the sorption bed resulting in an increase in pressure of the liberated gas. In order to have the system (compressor) functioning on a continuous basis, with almost a constant gas flow rate, multiple cells are used with the adaptation of Temperature Swing Adsorption (TSA) process. As the mass of the desorbed gas dictates the compressor throughput, a combination of sorbent material with high adsorption capacity for a chosen gas or gas mixture has to be selected for efficient operation of the compressor. Commercially available (coconut-shell base) activated carbon has been selected for the present application. The characterization study for variation of discharge pressure is used to design the Four-cell sorption compressor based cryocooler with a desired output. Apart from compressor, the system includes a) After cooler b) Return gas heat exchanger c) capillary tube as the J-T expansion device and d) Evaporator.
Mehta, R. N. [Mechanical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai - 400076, India and Government Engineering College Bharuch, Gujarat - 392002 (India); Bapat, S. L.; Atrey, M. D. [Mechanical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai - 400076 (India)
(Hydrogen) Service Stations 101 Steven M. Schlasner
(Hydrogen) Service Stations 101 Steven M. Schlasner September 22, 2004 #12;2 DISCLAIMER Opinions ┬Ę Comparison of Conventional with Hydrogen Fueling Stations ┬Ę Hydrogen Fueling Life Cycle ┬Ę Practical Design,000 retail outlets (350 company-owned) in 44 states ┬Ę Brands: Conoco, Phillips 66, 76 ┬Ę 32,800 miles pipeline
Modeled and measured effects of compressor downsizing in an existing air conditioner/heat pump in the cooling mode
It is not uncommon to find oversized central air conditioners in residences. HVAC contractors sometimes oversize central air conditioners for one reason or another--some to the point that they may be 100% larger than needed to meet the load. Retrofit measures done to improve house envelope and distribution system efficiency also contribute to HVAC oversizing, as they reduce house heating and cooling loads. Proper sizing of an air conditioner or heat pump allows more efficient operation and provides a more comfortable environment than a highly oversized unit. Another factor that lowers operating efficiency is an improper refrigerant charge. Field inspections have revealed that about half of the units checked were not properly charged. An option available to homeowners with oversized air conditioners is to replace the existing compressor with a smaller, more efficient compressor, rather than purchasing a new, smaller unit. Such a retrofit may be economically justified, especially during a compressor failure, provided the oversizing of the existing unit is not too great. A used, 15-year old, single-package heat pump with a capillary tube expansion device on the indoor coil was purchased and tested in a set of environmental chambers to determine its cooling performance at various conditions. The system was also modeled to estimate its existing performance, and that with two different types of retrofitted state-of-the-art (SOA) efficient compressors with about 30% less capacity than the original compressor. This reduced the overall system cooling capacity by about 25%. Modeling estimated that the retrofit would increase system EER at 95 F by 30%, SEER by 34%, and reduce power demand by 39% compared to the existing unit. Reduced cycling losses account for the higher increase in SEER.
Levins, W.P.; Rice, C.K.; Baxter, V.D.
Self-latching eccentric cam for dual stroke compressor or pump
For a dual capacity refrigerant compressor of the type which has an eccentric cam rotatable on a crankpin between two opposite positions which changes the total eccentricity of the crankpin and cam so as to obtain two different stroke lengths, the rotation of the cam on the crankpin being effected by a reversal of motor operation, the cam moves through an angle of about 270.degree. around the crankpin so that a centrifugal force torque tending to hold the cam in place is available at least in the reduced stroke length position of the cam, and by providing lightening cavities and eccentric weightings, the center of mass 74 of the cam can be shifted to obtain the centrifugal torque in the proper direction at both the maximum and reduced stroke positions.
Sisk, Francis J. (San Mateo, CA)
Heat pump employing optimal refrigerant compressor for low pressure ratio applications
What is disclosed is a heat pump apparatus for conditioning a fluid characterized by a fluid handler for circulating the fluid in heat exchange relationship with a refrigerant fluid; two refrigerant heat exchangers; one for effecting the heat exchange with the fluid and a second refrigerant-heat exchange fluid heat exchanger for effecting a low pressure ratio of compression of the refrigerant; a rotary compressor for compressing the refrigerant with low power consumption at the low pressure ratio; at least one throttling valve connecting at the inlet side of heat exchanger in which liquid refrigerant is vaporized; a refrigerant circuit serially connecting the above elements; refrigerant in the circuit; a source of heat exchange fluid; heat exchange fluid circulating device and heat exchange fluid circuit for circulating the heat exchange fluid in heat exchange relationship with the refrigerant.
Ecker, Amir L. (Dallas, TX)
For a dual capacity refrigerant compressor of the type which has an eccentric cam rotatable on a crankpin between two opposite positions which changes the total eccentricity of the crankpin and cam so as to obtain two different stroke lengths, the rotation of the cam on the crankpin being effected by a reversal of motor operation, the cam moves through an angle of about 270[degree] around the crankpin so that a centrifugal force torque tending to hold the cam in place is available at least in the reduced stroke length position of the cam, and by providing lightening cavities and eccentric weightings, the center of mass of the cam can be shifted to obtain the centrifugal torque in the proper direction at both the maximum and reduced stroke positions. 7 figs.
Sisk, F.J.
High speed imager test station
A test station enables the performance of a solid state imager (herein called a focal plane array or FPA) to be determined at high image frame rates. A programmable waveform generator is adapted to generate clock pulses at determinable rates for clock light-induced charges from a FPA. The FPA is mounted on an imager header board for placing the imager in operable proximity to level shifters for receiving the clock pulses and outputting pulses effective to clock charge from the pixels forming the FPA. Each of the clock level shifters is driven by leading and trailing edge portions of the clock pulses to reduce power dissipation in the FPA. Analog circuits receive output charge pulses clocked from the FPA pixels. The analog circuits condition the charge pulses to cancel noise in the pulses and to determine and hold a peak value of the charge for digitizing. A high speed digitizer receives the peak signal value and outputs a digital representation of each one of the charge pulses. A video system then displays an image associated with the digital representation of the output charge pulses clocked from the FPA. In one embodiment, the FPA image is formatted to a standard video format for display on conventional video equipment. 12 figs.
Yates, G.J.; Albright, K.L.; Turko, B.T.
23rd steam-station cost survey
The results of the 23rd Steam Station Cost Survey covering the year 1982 are summarized. The major categories of the survey are as follows: general data; output data, 1982; fuel consumption, 1982; operation 1982 (mills/net kWh); investment ($/net kWh); energy cost, 1982 (mills/net kWh); and station performance, 1982. Thirty-one fossil-fuel steam plants and four nuclear stations were included in the survey. Fuel and operating cost increases are felt to be responsible for the moderate rise in total busbar-enery costs. 11 figures, 1 table.
Friedlander, G.D.; Going, M.C.
University Climatological Station Compiled by Erwin Wodarczak (1998)
University Climatological Station Committee fonds Compiled by Erwin Wodarczak (1998) #12;Fonds Description University Climatological Station Committee fonds. ┬Ł 1961-1974. 3 cm of textual records. Administrative History In 1954 a President's Climatological Station Committee was established
Handy, Todd C.
0.07/kWh has on hydrogen cost for electrolysis type station.3-12: Hydrogen Cost Comparison for Electrolysis Station,3-12: Hydrogen Cost Comparison for Electrolysis Station, NAS
Hydrogen Fueling Station in Honolulu, Hawaii Feasibility Analysis...
Station in Honolulu, Hawaii Feasibility Analysis Hydrogen Fueling Station in Honolulu, Hawaii Feasibility Analysis This feasibility report assesses the technical and economic...
EECBG Success Story: Police Station Triples Solar Power - and...
Police Station Triples Solar Power - and Savings EECBG Success Story: Police Station Triples Solar Power - and Savings July 19, 2010 - 11:00am Addthis North Community Police...
Alternative Fueling Station Locator App Provides Info at Your...
Fueling Station Locator website. It provides information on more than 15,000 public and private alternative fueling stations throughout the United States. The app lists where...
Pdc - The Worldwide Leader in Hydrogen Refueling Station Compression...
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
Pdc - The Worldwide Leader in Hydrogen Refueling Station Compression Pdc - The Worldwide Leader in Hydrogen Refueling Station Compression This presentation by Matther Weaver of Pdc...
stations and vendors (e.g. Air Products and Chemicals, Inc,including Chevron and Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. , asDiesel a. Verified with Air Products representative, Feb
IntegratedScienceWorkingforYou Research Station
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 Colorado's forest resources, 2002-2006 . . . . . . . . .6 Post Mountain Research Station Federal Recycling Program Printed on Recycled Paper The Rocky Mountain Research organi- zation--the most extensive natural resources research organization in the world. We maintain 14
and the delivery cost for fuel cell vehicles, however, itfueling stations, cost, Shanghai, fuel cell vehicles 1.0hydrogen cost therefore depend on the fleet of fuel cell
The College Station Residential Energy Compliance Code
The City of College Station, Texas adopted a new residential Energy Compliance Code in January, 1988. The code, which strengthens compliance requirements in several areas, has received broadly based support and acceptance from all major constituent...
Claridge, D. E.; Schrock, D.
Field Station Contributors, 2010 Acton, Gary
Field Station Contributors, 2010 Acton, Gary Allen, Deborah and Harry Ardell, Robert and Lee Baker Mead, Judson and Jane Mead, Thomas and Lenore Merritt, Andrew and Eleanor Morganwalp, David and Jill
Polly, David
Well-to-wheels analysis of hydrogen based fuel-cell vehicleJP, et al. Distributed Hydrogen Fueling Systems Analysis,öYear 2006 UCDŚITSŚRRŚ06Ś04 Hydrogen Refueling Station Costs
Hydrogen Fueling Infrastructure Research and Station Technology
Broader source: Energy.gov [DOE]
Presentation slides from the DOE Fuel Cell Technologies Office webinar "An Overview of the Hydrogen Fueling Infrastructure Research and Station Technology (H2FIRST) Project" held on November 18, 2014.
Repowering of the Midland Nuclear Station
REPOWERING OF THE MIDLAND NUCLEAR STATION C.E. Gatlin Jr. Gerald C. Velleroer Janes A. Mooney Manager of Projects Fluor Daniel, IrK::. Vice President Fluor Daniel, IrK::. Vice President Midlarrl eogneneration Venture Chicago, Illinois... Chicago, Illinois Midland, Michigan The conversion of the Midland Nuclear Station to a combined cycle power facility is the first of its kind. The eXisting nuclear steam turbine, combined with new, natural-gas-fired gas turbines, will create...
Gatlin, C. E. Jr.; Vellender, G. C.; Mooney, J. A.
Solar and Infrared Radiation Station (SIRS) Handbook
The Solar Infrared Radiation Station (SIRS) provides continuous measurements of broadband shortwave (solar) and longwave (atmospheric or infrared) irradiances for downwelling and upwelling components. The following six irradiance measurements are collected from a network of stations to help determine the total radiative flux exchange within the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Southern Great Plains (SGP) Climate Research Facility: Ģ Direct normal shortwave (solar beam) Ģ Diffuse horizontal shortwave (sky) Ģ Global horizontal shortwave (total hemispheric) Ģ Upwelling shortwave (reflected) Ģ Downwelling longwave (atmospheric infrared) Ģ Upwelling longwave (surface infrared)
Stoffel, T
Numerical simulations of output pulse extraction from a high-power microwave compressor with a plasma switch
Numerical simulations of the process of electromagnetic energy release from a high-power microwave pulse compressor comprising a gas-filled cavity and interference switch were carried out. A microwave plasma discharge in a rectangular waveguide H-plane tee was modeled with the use of the fully electromagnetic particle-in-cell code MAGIC. The gas ionization, plasma evolution, and interaction with RF fields accumulated within the compressor were simulated using different approaches provided by the MAGIC code: particle-in-cell approach accounting for electron-neutral collisions, gas conductivity model based on the concept of mobility, and hybrid modeling. The dependences of the microwave output pulse peak power and waveform on parameters that can be controlled in experiments, such as an external ionization rate, RF field amplitude, and background gas pressure, were investigated.
Shlapakovski, Anatoli; Beilin, Leonid; Bliokh, Yuri; Donskoy, Moshe; Krasik, Yakov E. [Physics Department, Technion, Haifa 32000 (Israel); Hadas, Yoav [Department of Applied Physics, Rafael, PO Box 2250, Haifa 31021 (Israel); Schamiloglu, Edl [Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131 (United States)
Reseach and development of energy-efficient appliance motor-compressors. Final report. Volume III: development and field test plan
By means of a program of theoretical analysis, development, and testing of samples, it was found that significant improvements could be made in the energy efficiency ratio (EER) of hermetic motor-compressor assemblies. The high efficiency designs resulting from the development program are believed to be suitable for quantity production without excessive facilities cost, to have acceptable levels of performance and reliability, and to be producible at costs which will make them commercially attractive. The steps involved in the development of the improved compressor design are described in detail. The major purpose of Phase II of the project is to verify the reliability of the high-efficiency designs by means of a field demonstration program.
Field demonstration of optimized variable speed compressor and condenser fan control for commercial refrigeration systems. Final report
The demonstration project discussed in this report consisted of two separate programs intended to examine methods of implementing variable-frequency drives (VFDs) to increase the efficiency of supermarket refrigeration racks. The first program examined the optimum control strategy for minimizing the power consumption of medium-temperature parallel compressor racks driven by VFDs. The second program, aimed at developing the optimum control strategy for variable-speed control of supermarket condenser fans.
Model based multivariable controller for large scale compression stations. Design and experimental validation on the LHC 18KW cryorefrigerator
In this paper, a multivariable model-based non-linear controller for Warm Compression Stations (WCS) is proposed. The strategy is to replace all the PID loops controlling the WCS with an optimally designed model-based multivariable loop. This new strategy leads to high stability and fast disturbance rejection such as those induced by a turbine or a compressor stop, a key-aspect in the case of large scale cryogenic refrigeration. The proposed control scheme can be used to have precise control of every pressure in normal operation or to stabilize and control the cryoplant under high variation of thermal loads (such as a pulsed heat load expected to take place in future fusion reactors such as those expected in the cryogenic cooling systems of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor ITER or the Japan Torus-60 Super Advanced fusion experiment JT-60SA). The paper details how to set the WCS model up to synthesize the Linear Quadratic Optimal feedback gain and how to use it. After preliminary tuning at CEA-Grenoble on the email@example.com helium test facility, the controller has been implemented on a Schneider PLC and fully tested first on the CERN's real-time simulator. Then, it was experimentally validated on a real CERN cryoplant. The efficiency of the solution is experimentally assessed using a reasonable operating scenario of start and stop of compressors and cryogenic turbines. This work is partially supported through the European Fusion Development Agreement (EFDA) Goal Oriented Training Program, task agreement WP10-GOT-GIRO.
Bonne, Franńois; Bonnay, Patrick [INAC, SBT, UMR-E 9004 CEA/UJF-Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble (France); Alamir, Mazen [Gipsa-Lab, Control Systems Department, CNRS-University of Grenoble, 11, rue des Mathķmatiques, BP 46, 38402 Saint Martin d'HĶres (France); Bradu, Benjamin [CERN, CH-1211 GenĶve 23 (Switzerland)
Hydrogen Fueling - Coming Soon to a Station Near You (Brochure)
Fact sheet providing information useful to local permitting officials facing hydrogen fueling station proposals.
Station Processing for a Low Frequency Array in WA
for the remote station, minus 2 kW for cooling (considered "infrastructure"). #12;Station Processing Requirements stations (regardless of role as remote or core) (yes; remote stations can be "less" not "different") 2 (yes: 2-3 for core, 1 for remote) 6. Cost: TBD. (Prorated cost of ~US$500 per dual-pol element
Ellingson, Steven W.
The LOFAR Super Station concept : an input for discussion
throughout Europe : several stations in Germany1 , UK2 , soon a French LOFAR station in Nan├¦ay3 , and further contacts in several other countries4 FLOW context ┬Ę Official decision for funding the French station taken MHz) o Incoherent addition of the same stations to synthesize a broad instantaneous beam (maximum
Demoulin, Pascal
MHD compressor---expander conversion system integrated with GCR inside a deployable reflector
This work originates from the proposal MHD Compressor-Expander Conversion System Integrated with a GCR Inside a Deployable Reflector''. The proposal concerned an innovative concept of nuclear, closed-cycle MHD converter for power generation on space-based systems in the multi-megawatt range. The basic element of this converter is the Power Conversion Unit (PCU) consisting of a gas core reactor directly coupled to an MHD expansion channel. Integrated with the PCU, a deployable reflector provides reactivity control. The working fluid could be either uranium hexafluoride or a mixture of uranium hexafluoride and helium, added to enhance the heat transfer properties. The original Statement of Work, which concerned the whole conversion system, was subsequently redirected and focused on the basic mechanisms of neutronics, reactivity control, ionization and electrical conductivity in the PCU. Furthermore, the study was required to be inherently generic such that the study was required to be inherently generic such that the analysis an results can be applied to various nuclear reactor and/or MHD channel designs''.
Tuninetti, G. (Ansaldo S.p.A., Genoa (Italy). Research Div.); Botta, E.; Criscuolo, C.; Riscossa, P. (Ansaldo S.p.A., Genoa (Italy). Nuclear Div.); Giammanco, F. (Pisa Univ. (Italy). Dipt. di Fisica); Rosa-Clot, M. (Florence Univ. (Italy). Dipt. di Fisica)
Condenser, compressor, and HRSG cleaning in combined cycles: How often is too often?
The true cost of electric power production consists of capital, fuel, and operation and maintenance (O&M) expense. Decisions are made every day regarding how O&M budget is spent, often affecting plant efficiency and output, and impacting the {open_quotes}bottom line.{close_quotes} As power producers strive to become more competitive, management will require strategies to minimize total production costs, and maximize profits. One such strategy is to clean equipment often enough to maintain good performance, but not too frequently as to exhaust O&M budgets. Examples for a combined cycle unit are gas turbine compressor washes, blast cleaning of HRSG gas-side tube surfaces, and condenser tube cleaning. Each of these tasks restores equipment performance, increasing output. Associated with each, though, is an expense, such as downtime, labor, materials, contractor invoice, and waste disposal. If these tasks are performed too often, excess expense will not be justified by improved output. If done infrequently, the potential for increased revenue and/or fuel cost savings will not be realized. For each task, there is an optimum scheduling interval which will produce the lowest combination of O&M expense and lost revenue. A simple calculation which uses periodic performance testing, monitoring and analysis can determine an optimum maintenance interval for many tasks. In virtually any plant with reasonable instrumentation, a program can be established to determine optimum schedules for most routine performance-improvement maintenance tasks.
Kock, J. [Power Plant Performance Specialists, Lansdowne, PA (United States); DeGeeter, S. [Ocean State Power, Harrisville, NY (United States); Haynes, C.J. [New England Power Co., Somerset, MA (United States)
FERROELECTRIC SWITCH FOR A HIGH-POWER Ka-BAND ACTIVE PULSE COMPRESSOR
Results are presented for design of a high-power microwave switch for operation at 34.3 GHz, intended for use in an active RF pulse compressor. The active element in the switch is a ring of ferroelectric material, whose dielectric constant can be rapidly changed by application of a high-voltage pulse. As envisioned, two of these switches would be built into a pair of delay lines, as in SLED-II at SLAC, so as to allow 30-MW ?s-length Ka-band pulses to be compressed in time by a factor-of-9 and multiplied in amplitude to generate 200 MW peak power pulses. Such high-power pulses could be used for testing and evaluation of high-gradient mm-wave accelerator structures, for example. Evaluation of the switch design was carried out with an X-band (11.43 GHz) prototype, built to incorporate all the features required for the Ka-band version.
Multi-bottle, no compressor, mean pressure control system for a Stirling engine
The invention relates to an apparatus for mean pressure control of a Stirling engine without the need for a compressor. The invention includes a multi-tank system in which there is at least one high pressure level tank and one low pressure level tank wherein gas flows through a maximum pressure and supply line from the engine to the high pressure tank when a first valve is opened until the maximum pressure of the engine drops below that of the high pressure tank opening an inlet regulator to permit gas flow from the engine to the low pressure tank. When gas flows toward the engine it flows through the minimum pressure supply line 2 when a second valve is opened from the low pressure tank until the tank reaches the engine's minimum pressure level at which time the outlet regulator opens permitting gas to be supplied from the high pressure tank to the engine. Check valves between the two tanks prevent any backflow of gas from occurring.
Corey, John A. (Melrose, NY)
station. H2GenÆs estimates for capital costs are also lowerestimates and show high variability (26%-117% of capital costs).capital costs of about $250,000. Existing hydrogen station cost analyses tend to under-estimate
Hydrogen fueling station development and demonstration
This is the final report of a one-year, Laboratory-Directed Research and Development (LDRD) project at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). This project sought to develop and demonstrate a hydrogen fueling station for vehicles. Such stations are an essential infrastructural element in the practical application of hydrogen as vehicle fuel, and a number of issues such as safety, efficiency, design, and operating procedures can only be accurately addressed by a practical demonstration. Regardless of whether the vehicle is powered by an internal combustion engine or fuel cell, or whether the vehicle has a liquid or gaseous fuel tank, the fueling station is a critical technology that is the link between the local storage facility and the vehicle.
Edeskuty, F.J.; Daney, D.; Daugherty, M.; Hill, D.; Prenger, F.C.
Economic Analysis of Hydrogen Energy Station Concepts: Are "H 2E-Stations" a Key Link to a Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicle Infrastructure?
in the analysis of hydrogen energy stations, additionalattractiveness of the hydrogen energy station scheme in bothECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF HYDROGEN ENERGY STATION CONCEPTS: ARE '
Lipman, Timothy E.; Edwards, Jennifer L.; Kammen, Daniel M.
Pump station for radioactive waste water
A pump station for transferring radioactive particle containing waste water, includes: (a.) an enclosed sump having a vertically elongated right frusto conical wall surface and a bottom surface and (b.) a submersible volute centrifugal pump having a horizontally rotating impeller and a volute exterior surface. The sump interior surface, the bottom surface and the volute exterior surface are made of stainless steel having a 30 Ra or finer surface finish. A 15 Ra finish has been found to be most cost effective. The pump station is used for transferring waste water, without accumulation of radioactive fines.
Whitton, John P.; Klos, Dean M.; Carrara, Danny T.; Minno, John J.
Evaluation of static mixer flow enhancements for cryogenic viscous compressor prototype for ITER vacuum system
As part of the U.S. ITER contribution to the vacuum systems for the ITER fusion project, a cryogenic viscous compressor (CVC) is being designed and fabricated to cryopump hydrogenic gases in the torus and neutral beam exhaust streams and to regenerate the collected gases to controlled pressures such that they can be mechanically pumped with controlled flows to the tritium reprocessing facility. One critical element of the CVC design that required additional investigation was the determination of flow rates of the low pressure (up to 1000 Pa) exhaust stream that would allow for complete pumping of hydrogenic gases while permitting trace levels of helium to pass through the CVC to be pumped by conventional vacuum pumps. A sub-scale prototype test facility was utilized to determine the effectiveness of a static mixer pump tube concept, which consisted of a series of rotated twisted elements brazed into a 2-mm thick, 5-cm diameter stainless steel tube. Cold helium gas flow provided by a dewar and helium transfer line was used to cool the exterior of the static mixer pump tube. Deuterium gas was mixed with helium gas through flow controllers at different concentrations while the composition of the exhaust gas was monitored with a Penning gauge and optical spectrometer to determine the effectiveness of the static mixer. It was found that with tube wall temperatures between 6 K and 9 K, the deuterium gas was completely cryopumped and only helium passed through the tube. These results have been used to design the cooling geometry and the static mixer pump tubes in the full-scale CVC prototype.
Duckworth, Robert C.; Baylor, Larry R.; Meitner, Steven J.; Combs, Stephen K.; Ha, Tam; Morrow, Michael; Biewer, T. [Fusion and Materials for Nuclear System Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge (United States); Rasmussen, David A.; Hechler, Michael P. [U.S. ITER Project Office, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge (United States); Pearce, Robert J. H.; Dremel, Mattias [ITER Organization, 13115 St. Paul-lez-Durance (France); Boissin, J.-C. [Consultant, Grenoble (France)
Evaluation of Static Mixer Flow Enhancements for Cryogenic Viscous Compressor Prototype for ITER Vacuum System
As part of the U.S. ITER contribution to the vacuum systems for the ITER fusion project, a cryogenic viscous compressor (CVC) is being designed and fabricated to cryopump hydrogenic gases in the torus and neutral beam exhaust streams and to regenerate the collected gases to controlled pressures such that they can be mechanically pumped with controlled flows to the tritium reprocessing facility. One critical element of the CVC design that required additional investigation was the determination of flow rates of the low pressure (50 to 1000 Pa) exhaust stream that would allow for complete pumping of hydrogenic gases while permitting trace levels of helium to pass through the CVC to be pumped by conventional vacuum pumps. A sub-scale prototype test facility was utilized to determine the effectiveness of a static mixer pump tube concept, which consisted of a series of rotated twisted elements brazed into a 2-mm thick, 5-cm diameter stainless steel tube. Cold helium gas flow provided by a dewar and helium transfer line was used to cool the exterior of the static mixer pump tube. Deuterium gas was mixed with helium gas through flow controllers at different concentrations while the composition of the exhaust gas was monitored with a Penning gauge and optical spectrometer to determine the effectiveness of the static mixer. It was found that with tube wall temperatures between 6 K and 9 K, the deuterium gas was completely cryopumped and only helium passed through the tube. These results have been used to design the cooling geometry and the static mixer pump tubes in the full-scale CVC prototype
Duckworth, Robert C [ORNL] [ORNL; Baylor, Larry R [ORNL] [ORNL; Meitner, Steven J [ORNL] [ORNL; Combs, Stephen Kirk [ORNL] [ORNL; Ha, Tam T [ORNL] [ORNL; Morrow, Michael [ORNL] [ORNL; Biewer, Theodore M [ORNL] [ORNL; Rasmussen, David A [ORNL] [ORNL; Hechler, Michael P [ORNL] [ORNL; Pearce, R.J.H. [ITER Organization, Cadarache, France] [ITER Organization, Cadarache, France; Dremel, M. [ITER Organization, Cadarache, France] [ITER Organization, Cadarache, France; Boissin, Jean Claude [Consultant] [Consultant
City of College Station's Thermographic Mobile Scan
During the first quarter of 1986, the City of College Station conducted a thermographic mobile scan of the entire city. A thermographic mobile scan is a process by which heat loss/heat gain data is accumulated by a vehicle traveling the city...
Shear, C. K.
On-Site Hydrogen Generation & Refueling Station
of FC vehicles under real-world conditions Cost analysis vs. target of $3/gge in 2008 On-site Auto Reforming based refueling station DOE Objectives Public education on hydrogen and fuel cells Evaluation cell & HCNG busses in commercial operation ┬Ł Refueling fuel cell & HCNG street sweepers and cars
of Aluminum Water cooled Current: 150kA (horn) ┬Ł 180 kA (reflector) Pulse duration 7ms #12;Key elements Remote handling Remote station for radiation survey in the target chamber #12;CNGS Target Area I per cooling circuit 2007 run radiation effects on ventilation system electronics broken flexible stripline
McDonald, Kirk
or Revised Project Procedures for initiating a new project or for revising an existing project entail: 1. Abstracting the essential features of the objective and procedures sections from the project outline for CRISHATCH PROJECT PROPOSAL OKLAHOMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION USDA PROJECT OUTLINE DEVELOPMENT
Ghajar, Afshin J.
MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION IN COOPERATION WITH THE MICHIGAN POTATO of Crop and Soil Sciences Michigan State University East Lansing, MI 48824 Cooperators: R.W. Chase, Ray INDUSTRY COMMISSION 2004 Michigan Potato Research Report Volume 36 Left to Right: Ben Kudwa, MPIC; Caryn
Douches, David S.
MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION IN COOPERATION WITH THE MICHIGAN POTATO INDUSTRY COMMISSION MICHIGAN POTATO RESEARCH REPORT 2003 Volume 35 Click Here to Open the 2003 Potato, S. Cooper, L. Frank, J. Driscoll, and E. Estelle Department of Crop and Soil Sciences Michigan State
Michigan State University Agricultural Experiment Station
Michigan State University Agricultural Experiment Station In Cooperation with the Michigan Potato Department of Crop and Soil Sciences Michigan State University East Lansing, MI 48824 Cooperators: R.W. Chase At Michigan State University we are breeding potatoes for the chip-processing and tablestock markets
Michigan State University Agricultural Experiment Station In Cooperation with the Michigan Potato. Hammerschmidt and W. Kirk Departments of Crop and Soil Sciences and Plant Pathology Michigan State University potato selections from the Michigan State University and other potato breeding programs at the Montcalm
MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION IN COOPERATION WITH THE MICHIGAN POTATO and W. Kirk Departments of Crop and Soil Sciences and Plant Pathology Michigan State University East selections from the Michigan State University and other potato breeding programs at the Montcalm Research
MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION IN COOPERATION WITH THE MICHIGAN POTATO Sciences and Plant Pathology Michigan State University East Lansing, MI 48824 INTRODUCTION Each year we conduct a series of variety trials to assess advanced potato selections from the Michigan State University
Recent developments in HVDC convertor station design
New requirements on HVDC convertor station performance have emerged during the past few years. The paper presents some of these requirements and shows how they have been met through equipment and system development. This development will result in a new generation of HVDC transmissions with still better performance than for the projects presently in operation.
Carlsson, L.
CASE CRITICAL The Navajo Generating Station
Republic The Navajo Generating Station, the largest coal-fired power plant in the West, provides electrical discussions focusing on the environmental, social, and economic implications of high-stakes threats power to customers in three states and for the Central Arizona Project to pump Colorado River water
Hall, Sharon J.
Installed Capital Figure 4-21: Cost Estimates for 1,000 kg/station. H2GenÆs estimates for capital costs are also lowerestimates and show high variability (26%-117% of capital costs).
The effects of compressor speed and electronic expansion valve opening on the optimum design of inverter heat pump at various heating loads
The experiments to design the optimum operation point of an inverter heat pump were performed by varying compressor speed and expansion valve opening for various heating loads. At the indoor temperatures of {minus}5 {approximately} 15C and outdoor temperatures of {minus}10 {approximately} 25 C, the compressor driving frequencies were varied 10 {approximately} 120 Hz and 80 {approximately} 200 pulse for the expansion valve opening while the speed of the indoor and outdoor fans were fixed. From the results of this study, the optimum combination of compressor driving frequency and expansion valve opening were found to exist if indoor and outdoor temperatures are settled though the operation point is changed by the preferable factor among capacity, comfort and power saving.
Hwang, Y.; Kim, Y.; Park, J.; Kim, C.
As the speed of the compressor was increased per test, any excess charge was held in the accumulator, which served as a receiver to maintain optimal charge level. Analytical results developed by Rice* indicated that the condenser exit
* indicated that the condenser exit subcooling could be reduced at constant charge with no noticeable loss and refrigerant subcooling at the condenser exit were experimentally determined at discrete compressor speeds at condenser exit per compressor speed are plotted in Figures 1 and 2 as a function of indoor blower speed
Free-Piston Engine Compressor Georgia Institute ofTechnology | Milwaukee School of Engineering | North Carolina A&T State University | Purdue University | University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign | University of Minnesota |Vanderbilt University
Free-Piston Engine Compressor Georgia Institute ofTechnology | Milwaukee School of Engineering Dynamic Model-Based Design Free Piston Engine Compressor Prof. Eric J. Barth, Joel A. Willhite, Chao Yong piston (Inertia/inertance, stiffness, damping) ┬Ł Valve sizing and required speeds of response scce WWWW
Development of By-Pass Blending Station System
A new building blending station system named by-pass blending station (BBS) has been developed to reduce building pump energy consumption in both district heating and cooling systems. Theoretical investigation demonstrated that the BBS can...
Liu, M.; Barnes, D.; Bunz, K.; Rosenberry, N.
Fact #816: February 10, 2014 Natural Gas Refueling Stations Grow...
6: February 10, 2014 Natural Gas Refueling Stations Grow Over the Last Ten Years Fact 816: February 10, 2014 Natural Gas Refueling Stations Grow Over the Last Ten Years In 2003...
Geothermal system saving money at fire station | Department of...
Geothermal system saving money at fire station Geothermal system saving money at fire station April 9, 2010 - 3:45pm Addthis Joshua DeLung What will the project do? A geothermal...
Central Station DHC Phase 1 feasibility
This project assisted a private real estate developer in technically assessing the feasibility of integrating a central DHC system into a proposed 72 acre area mixed-use Planned Development (Central Station) just south of the Chicago Central Business District (Loop). The technical assessment concluded that a district heating and cooling system for Central Station will be feasible, provided that a major anchor load can be connected to the system. The system conceived for the site employs a modular approach that adjusts production capacity to actual load growth. The design concept includes gas-fired boilers for heating, gas turbine driven chillers for base loading, electric motor driven chillers for peaking, steam turbines for peak power and back pressure operation, and chilled water storage. Energy will be supplied to the users in the form of steam or low temperature hot water for heating, and low temperature chilled water for cooling.
Henderson, H.L.
This report documents the first year's effort towards a 3-year program to develop micropilot ignition systems for existing pipeline compressor engines. In essence, all Phase I goals and objectives were met. We intend to proceed with the Phase II research plan, as set forth by the applicable Research Management Plan. The objective for Phase I was to demonstrate the feasibility of micropilot ignition for large bore, slow speed engines operating at low compression ratios. The primary elements of Micropilot Phase I were to develop a single-cylinder test chamber to study the injection of pilot fuel into a combustion cylinder and to develop, install and test a multi-cylinder micropilot ignition system for a 4-cylinder, natural gas test engine. In all, there were twelve (12) tasks defined and executed to support these two (2) primarily elements in a stepwise fashion. Task-specific approaches and results are documented in this report. Research activities for Micropilot Phase I were conducted with the understanding that the efforts are expected to result in a commercial product to capture and disseminate the efficiency and environmental benefits of this new technology. An extensive state-of-art review was conducted to leverage the existing body of knowledge of micropilot ignition with respect to retrofit applications. Additionally, commercially-available fuel injection products were identified and applied to the program where appropriate. This approach will minimize the overall time-to-market requirements, while meeting performance and cost criteria. The four-cylinder prototype data was encouraging for the micro-pilot ignition technology when compared to spark ignition. Initial testing results showed: (1) Brake specific fuel consumption of natural gas was improved from standard spark ignition across the map, 1% at full load and 5% at 70% load. (2) 0% misfires for all points on micropilot ignition. Fuel savings were most likely due to this percent misfire improvement. (3) THC (Total Hydrocarbon) emissions were improved significantly at light load, 38% at 70% load. (4) VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds) emissions were improved above 80% load. (5) Coefficient of Variance for the IMEP (Indicated Mean Effective Pressure) was significantly less at lower loads, 76% less at 70%. These preliminary results will be substantiated and enhanced during Phase II of the Micropilot Ignition program.
Ted Bestor
Small SDI battle stations - More is better
It is presently suggested that large numbers of lower capability SDI systems, in contrast to small numbers of large battle stations, offer better overall defense performance at lower total cost, with lower technical risk, lower sensitivity to threat scenario variability, and improved survivability. This follows from such factors as the positioning of more platforms within effective range of targets during all phases of an attack, less exacting optics requirements, mass production economies-of-scale, and improved survivability.
Cornet, E.
Improving Unit Operations-Test Station Performance
IMPROVING UNIT OPERATIONS - TEST STATION PERFORMANCE JosqIb 1. Filak. Jr, ? Corporate Energy Manager. Park.er?Hannafin COfpontioo- Cleveland. Oh ABSTRACT: This program's basic concept deals with the possibilities for reducing energy efficiency... requirements, control operation test performance functions more successfully, and retain peak load surges from reaching higher utility rate expense levels. 142 ESL-IE-95-04-23 Proceedings from the Seventeenth Industrial Energy Technology Conference...
Filak, J. J. Jr.
Xcel Energy Comanche Station: Pueblo, Colorado (Data)
A partnership with industry and U.S. Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) to collect solar data to support future solar power generation in the United States. The measurement station monitors global horizontal, direct normal, and diffuse horizontal irradiance to define the amount of solar energy that hits this particular location. The solar measurement instrumentation is also accompanied by meteorological monitoring equipment to provide scientists with a complete picture of the solar power possibilities.
Stoffel, T.; Andreas, A.
Manuel pour installer une station sismologique OSIRIS
installation Tout d'abord, enterrer le sismom`etre, s'assurer de l'horizontalit┬┤e du sismo c'est-`a-dire, bulle le c^able sur le sismo, v┬┤erifier de nouveau l'horizontalit┬┤e. GPS Batterie ` Station d "sismo" puis cd osiris puis ./nrtd -set eth0 #12;7- Lancer Firefox (web browser) depuis la barre de menu
Perrot, Julie
Competitive Charging Station Pricing for Plug-in Electric Vehicles
. To overcome this challenge, we develop a low-complexity algorithm that efficiently computes the pricingCompetitive Charging Station Pricing for Plug-in Electric Vehicles Wei Yuan, Member, IEEE, Jianwei considers the problem of charging station pricing and station selection of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs
Huang, Jianwei
"Space Station" Theme: Learning to Work, and Live, in Space
"Space Station" IMAX Film Theme: Learning to Work, and Live, in Space The educational value of NASM visit and afterward. See the "Alignment with Standards" table for details regarding how "Space Station in the "Space Station" program: ┬Ę How astronauts train ┬Ę What it is like to live and work in Space aboard
Mathis, Wayne N.
Plug-In Electric Vehicle Handbook for Public Charging Station Hosts (Brochure)
This handbook answers basic questions about plug-in electric vehicles, charging stations, charging equipment, and considerations for station owners, property owners, and station hosts.
Comparison of Idealized and Real-World City Station Citing Models for Hydrogen Distribution
city size, and gasoline station locations. By characterizingfuel than typical gasoline stations. As a result, it will bestreet networks and gasoline stations for (a) Sacramento (b)
Yang, Christopher; Nicholas, Michael A; Ogden, Joan M
Refueling Availability for Alternative Fuel Vehicle Markets: Sufficient Urban Station Coverage
ed Basin Dataset on Urban Gasoline Stations. Institute ofavailability Gasoline stations abstract Alternative fueldistribution, the existing gasoline station networks in many
Melaina, Marc W; Bremson, Joel
E-Print Network 3.0 - arctowski station king Sample Search Results
HoytSt Burnett... Front Stadium Broad St Station Military Park Rutgers University Essex County College PASSAIC RIVER BROAD ST... STATION Route 280 Pennsylvania RailroadStation...
Bridging the Gap Between Transportation and Stationary Power: Hydrogen Energy Stations and their Implications for the Transportation Sector
costs Ģ Economics with low electrical loads Weinert, Lipman, and Unnasch Natural Gas Reformer H2 Purifier HigTT-pressure hydrogen compressor
Weinert, Jonathan X.; Lipman, Timothy; Unnasch, Stephen
Kansas City`s Union Station redevelopment opportunity -- Environmental challenges
Kansas City`s Union Station, located at the center of a 1.7 million metropolitan population, is the second largest train station in the United States. The Station ceased to operate as a train station in 1983 and has since been falling into an increasing state of disrepair. This paper provides an insight into ``brownfield`` redevelopment and renovation for adaptive reuse of major turn of the century facilities such as Union Station. Substantial assessment and investigation activities have been conducted at Union Station for compliance and corrective action under RCRA, TSCA, and associated state regulations encompassing remediation estimated at more than $3 million. Recognized environmental conditions identified at Union Station included potential underground storage tanks; solid wastes, special wastes, and potentially hazardous wastes located inside the building; free liquids in sumps and elevator pits; asbestos-containing materials; lead-based paint; and potential for soil contamination on the surrounding property.
Snyder, M.G. [Black and Veatch Waste Science, Inc., Overland Park, KS (United States); Scott, A. [Union Station Assistance Corp., Kansas City, MO (United States)
2014-03-12 Issuance: Energy Conservation Standards for Commercial and Industrial Air Compressors; Notice of Public Meeting and Extension of Comment Period
This document is a pre-publication Federal Register notice of public meeting and extension of public comment period regarding energy conservation standards for commercial and industrial air compressors, as issued by the Deputy Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency on March 12, 2014.
ACEEE Summer Study on Energy in Industry, West Point, NY, July 19-22. 1 Modeling and Simulation of Air Compressor Energy Use
compressor energy use to estimate energy savings in compressed air systems from air use reduction and other pressure, and for modeling the change in system pressure as function of compressed air storage volume assessments of mid-sized industries, we found that the average unit energy cost of compressed air ranges from
Sandia National Laboratories: Reference Station Design
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May JunDatastreamsmmcrcalgovInstrumentsrucLas ConchasPassive SolarEducationStationCSPRecovery Act Solar Test Facility Upgrades
Husavik Geothermal Power Station | Open Energy Information
Open Energy Info (EERE)
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home5b9fcbce19 No revision hasInformation Earth's Heat Jump to:PhotonHolyName HousingIII Wind FarmWouldOpenSchools JumpStation
Report on Experiments with Citrus Fruits at the Beeville Sub-station.
!TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS BULLETIN No. 148. MAY, 1912. Report on Experiments With Citrus Fruits at The Bee- ville Sub-station A. T. POTTS, Superintendent Beeville Sub-station AUSTIN PRINTING COMPANY AUSTIN. TEXAS TEXAS... EXPERIMENT STATIONS. GOVERNING BOARD. 1 DIRECTOR OF STATIONS. ...................................... B. YOUNOBLOOD, M. S.. .College Station I SUPERINTENDENTS OF SUB-STATIONS. .................. E. E. BINFORD, Beeville Sub-station.. .Beeville, P:.e Cc...
Potts, A. T. (Arthur Tillman)
The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Field Station The Field Station is celebrating its 50th
land, until today the Field Station has grown into an active, vibrant facility with many projects for experimental research. Growth of our facilities has been funded by the National Science Foundation Bat Hibernaculum, an abandoned iron mine in Dodge County that is one of the largest sites
Saldin, Dilano
Comprehensive Compressor Calorimeter Testing of Lower-GWP Alternative Refrigerants for Heat Pump and Medium Temperature Refrigeration Applications
In response to environmental concerns raised by the use of refrigerants with high Global Warming Potential (GWP), the Air-Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute (AHRI) has launched an industry-wide cooperative research program, referred to as the Low-GWP Alternative Refrigerants Evaluation Program (AREP), to identify and evaluate promising alternative refrigerants for major product categories. This paper reports one of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) contributions to AREP. It compares performance of alternative refrigerants to that of R-410A and R-404A for heat pump and medium temperature applications, respectively. The alternatives reported in this paper are: R-32, DR-5, and L-41a for R-410A and ARM-31a, D2Y-65, L-40, and a mixture of R-32 and R-134a for R-404A. All performance comparison tests were conducted using scroll compressors of ~1.85 tons (6.5 kW) cooling capacity. Tests were conducted over a range of combinations of saturation suction and saturation discharge temperatures for both compressors. The tests showed that, in general, energy efficiency ratio (EER) and cooling capacity of R-410A alternative refrigerants were slightly lower than that of the baseline refrigerant with a moderate increases in discharge temperature. On the other hand, R-404A alternative refrigerants showed relative performance dependence on saturation suction and saturation discharge temperatures and larger increases in discharge temperature than for the R-410A alternatives. This paper summarizes the relative performance of all alternative refrigerants compared to their respective baseline.
Shrestha, Som S [ORNL] [ORNL; Sharma, Vishaldeep [ORNL] [ORNL; Abdelaziz, Omar [ORNL] [ORNL
Resilient design of recharging station networks for electric transportation vehicles
As societies shift to 'greener' means of transportation using electricity-driven vehicles one critical challenge we face is the creation of a robust and resilient infrastructure of recharging stations. A particular issue here is the optimal location of service stations. In this work, we consider the placement of battery replacing service station in a city network for which the normal traffic flow is known. For such known traffic flow, the service stations are placed such that the expected performance is maximized without changing the traffic flow. This is done for different scenarios in which roads, road junctions and service stations can fail with a given probability. To account for such failure probabilities, the previously developed facility interception model is extended. Results show that service station failures have a minimal impact on the performance following robust placement while road and road junction failures have larger impacts which are not mitigated easily by robust placement.
Kris Villez; Akshya Gupta; Venkat Venkatasubramanian
New Jersey Nuclear Profile - PSEG Salem Generating Station
PSEG Salem Generating Station" "Unit","Summer capacity (mw)","Net generation (thousand mwh)","Summer capacity factor (percent)","Type","Commercial operation date","License...
California Nuclear Profile - San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station
San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station" "Unit","Summer capacity (mw)","Net generation (thousand mwh)","Summer capacity factor (percent)","Type","Commercial operation date","License...
New Jersey Nuclear Profile - PSEG Hope Creek Generating Station
PSEG Hope Creek Generating Station" "Unit","Summer capacity (mw)","Net generation (thousand mwh)","Summer capacity factor (percent)","Type","Commercial operation date","License...
Illinois Nuclear Profile - LaSalle Generating Station
LaSalle Generating Station" "Unit","Summer capacity (mw)","Net generation (thousand mwh)","Summer capacity factor (percent)","Type","Commercial operation date","License expiration...
New York Nuclear Profile - Nine Mile Point Nuclear Station
Nine Mile Point Nuclear Station" "Unit","Summer capacity (mw)","Net generation (thousand mwh)","Summer capacity factor (percent)","Type","Commercial operation date","License...
Electric Vehicle Charging Stations, Coming Soon to a City Near...
to be available throughout the Orlando area next year. File photo Orlando Plugs into Electric Vehicle Charging Stations Assistant Secretary Patricia Hoffman test drives the...
Investigations of Sediment Elutriate Toxicity at Three Estuarine Stations
Investigations of Sediment Elutriate Toxicity at Three Estuarine Stations in San Francisco Bay.............................................................................................. 8 Sediment-Water Interface Exposures................................................................................. 9 August 1997 Sediment-Water Interface Exposures
Microgrid V2G Charging Station Interconnection Testing (Presentation)
This presentation by Mike Simpson of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) describes NREL's microgrid vehicle-to-grid charging station interconnection testing.
Simpson, M.
anna power station: Topics by E-print Network
1 Regarding Kewaunee Power Station CiteSeer Summary: This supplemental environmental impact statement (SEIS) has been prepared in response to an application submitted by Dominion...
anna power stations: Topics by E-print Network
Sandia National Laboratories: More California Gas Stations Can...
than Previously Thought, Sandia Study Says More California Gas Stations Can Provide Hydrogen than Previously Thought, Sandia Study Says Diamond Plates Create Nanostructures...
costs of cars with alternative fuels/engines." Energy Policyto the Choice of Alternative Fuels and Vehicles." Energyhydrogen; station location; alternative fuel; optimization
Columbia Generating Station debt options for rate relief - November...
extending about 350 million of existing Columbia Generating Station debt to 2024 to the Energy Northwest Audit, Legal and Finance Committee (www.bpa.govcorporateFinanceDebt...
Design of Photovoltaics e-bikes charging station:.
??It is a project about designing a photovoltaics charging station for electrical bikes and scooters, which can facilitate electrical bike user and promote sustainable wayģ (more)
Zhao, Y.
Solar Powered Radioactive Air Monitoring Stations
Environmental monitoring of ambient air for radioactive material is required as stipulated in the PNNL Site radioactive air license. Sampling ambient air at identified preferred locations could not be initially accomplished because utilities were not readily available. Therefore, solar powered environmental monitoring systems were considered as a possible option. PNNL purchased two 24-V DC solar powered environmental monitoring systems which consisted of solar panels, battery banks, and sampling units. During an approximate four month performance evaluation period, the solar stations operated satisfactorily at an on-site test location. They were subsequently relocated to their preferred locations in June 2012 where they continue to function adequately under the conditions found in Richland, Washington.
Barnett, J. M.; Bisping, Lynn E.; Gervais, Todd L.
Project X Energy Station Workshop Report. Report by the Organizers and Co-Conveners of the Project X Energy Station Workshop
Project X Energy Station Workshop Report Report by the Organizers and Co-Conveners of the Project X Energy Station Workshop
Asner, David M.; Hurh, Patrick; Brady Raap, Michaele C.; Gohar, Yoursy; Peterson, Mary E.; Pithcer, Eric; Riemer, Bernie; Senor, David J.; Wootan, David W.
Final environmental assessment for vegetation control at VHF stations, microwave stations, electrical substations, and pole yards
Southwestern Power Adm. operates very high frequency (VHF) and microwave radio stations, electrical substations, and pole yards for electric power transmission throughout AR, MO, and OK. Vegetation growth at the stations must be suppressed for safety of operation and personnel. Southwestern has been using a combination of mechanical/manual and herbicide control for this purpose; Federally- mandated reductions in staff and budgetary resources require Southwestern to evaluate all potentially efficient methods for vegetation control. Three alternatives were examined: no action, mechanical/manual control, and (proposed) a combination of mechanical/manual and herbicide control. Environmental impacts on air and water quality, wetlands, wildlife, endangered species, archaeological and other resources, farmland, human health, transportation, etc. were evaluated.
References Applicable to Station-Level Calibration Steve Ellingson
, W. Hocking, and F. Fabry, "Precipitation Measurement using VHF Wind-Profiler Radars: A MultifacetedReferences Applicable to Station-Level Calibration Steve Ellingson July 17, 2008 1 Summary This is a list of references possibly applicable to LWA station-level calibration. References [1] R.L. Balsano
Achieving High Chilled Water Delta T Without Blending Station
on the blending station performance. The results show that the blending station is not necessary in the building chilled water systems with 2-way modulation valves at end users. Actually the end user valve configuration and control mainly impacts building chilled...
Wang, Z.; Wang, G.; Xu, K.; Yu, Y.; Liu, M.
Assessment of district energy supply from Schiller Generating Station
This paper addresses the feasibility analysis of retrofitting the Public Service of New Hampshire Schiller Generating Station to supply district heating to potential customers. The project involved analysis of power plant retrofit and comparison of district heating cost to the cost of heat supplied with gas boilers for a housing development in close proximity to the Schiller Station.
Hitchko, M. [Public Service Company of New Hampshire, Portsmouth, NH (United States); Major, W. [Joseph Technology Corporation, Inc., Woodcliff Lake, NJ (United States)
Validation of an Integrated Hydrogen Energy Station
This report presents the results of a 10-year project conducted by Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. (Air Products) to determine the feasibility of coproducing hydrogen with electricity. The primary objective was to demonstrate the technical and economic viability of a hydrogen energy station using a high-temperature fuel cell designed to produce power and hydrogen. This four-phase project had intermediate go/no-go decisions and the following specific goals: ├?┬ó├?┬?├?┬ó Complete a technical assessment and economic analysis of the use of high-temperature fuel cells, including solid oxide and molten carbonate, for the co-production of power and hydrogen (energy park concept). ├?┬ó├?┬?├?┬ó Build on the experience gained at the Las Vegas H2 Energy Station and compare/contrast the two approaches for co-production. ├?┬ó├?┬?├?┬ó Determine the applicability of co-production from a high-temperature fuel cell for the existing merchant hydrogen market and for the emerging hydrogen economy. ├?┬ó├?┬?├?┬ó Demonstrate the concept on natural gas for six months at a suitable site with demand for both hydrogen and electricity. ├?┬ó├?┬?├?┬ó Maintain safety as the top priority in the system design and operation. ├?┬ó├?┬?├?┬ó Obtain adequate operational data to provide the basis for future commercial activities, including hydrogen fueling stations. Work began with the execution of the cooperative agreement with DOE on 30 September 2001. During Phase 1, Air Products identified high-temperature fuel cells as having the potential to meet the coproduction targets, and the molten carbonate fuel cell system from FuelCell Energy, Inc. (FuelCell Energy) was selected by Air Products and DOE following the feasibility assessment performed during Phase 2. Detailed design, construction and shop validation testing of a system to produce 250 kW of electricity and 100 kilograms per day of hydrogen, along with site selection to include a renewable feedstock for the fuel cell, were completed in Phase 3. The system also completed six months of demonstration operation at the wastewater treatment facility operated by Orange County Sanitation District (OCSD, Fountain Valley, CA). As part of achieving the objective of operating on a renewable feedstock, Air Products secured additional funding via an award from the California Air Resources Board. The South Coast Air Quality Management District also provided cost share which supported the objectives of this project. System operation at OCSD confirmed the results from shop validation testing performed during Phase 3. Hydrogen was produced at rates and purity that met the targets from the system design basis, and coproduction efficiency exceeded the 50% target set in conjunction with input from the DOE. Hydrogen production economics, updated from the Phase 2 analysis, showed pricing of $5 to $6 per kilogram of hydrogen using current gas purification systems. Hydrogen costs under $3 per kilogram are achievable if next-generation electrochemical separation technologies become available.
Edward C. Heydorn
A computer program for HVDC converter station RF noise calculations
HVDC converter station operations generate radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic (EM) noise which could interfere with adjacent communication and computer equipment, and carrier system operations. A generic Radio Frequency Computer Analysis Program (RAFCAP) for calculating the EM noise generated by valve ignition of a converter station has been developed as part of a larger project. The program calculates RF voltages, currents, complex power, ground level electric field strength and magnetic flux density in and around an HVDC converter station. The program requires the converter station network to be represented by frequency dependent impedance functions. Comparisons of calculated and measured values are given for an actual HVDC station to illustrate the validity of the program. RAFCAP is designed to be used by engineers for the purpose of calculating the RF noise produced by the igniting of HVDC converter valves.
Kasten, D.G.; Caldecott, R.; Sebo, S.A. (Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH (United States). Dept. of Electrical Engineering); Liu, Y. (Virginia Polytechnic Inst. State Univ., Blacksburg, VA (United States). Bradley Dept. of Electrical Engineering)
Analytical determination of PID coefficients for temperature and humidity control during cooling and dehumidifying by compressor and evaporator fan speed variation
A linearized analysis of temperature and relative humidity control using proportional-integral-differential (PID) controls to vary compressor motor speed and evaporator fan speed enables analytical determination of suitable PID coefficients. The PID coefficients are related to refrigeration system performance parameters and the volume of the conditioned space. Analytical determination of coefficients may eliminate or supplement trial-and-error methods. System response characteristics--damping ratios and periods--are related to PID coefficients, sampling intervals, performance parameters of a refrigeration system, and the volume of a conditioned space. Two control strategies are possible in order to control space temperature and relative humidity simultaneously. One strategy controls temperature by varying compressor speed and controls relative humidity by varying evaporator fan speed. The other strategy controls temperature by varying evaporator fan speed and controls relative humidity by varying compressor fan speed The first strategy was successfully implemented experimentally as well as by simulation. The second strategy was not successfully implemented due to an adverse interaction between the two control systems.
Guadalupe Blanco River Auth | Open Energy Information
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data CenterFranconia, Virginia: Energy Resources Jump to: navigation,Ohio:Greer County is a county inAl., 1979)Region,GrupoGruppo
Solar-Assisted Electric Vehicle Charging Station Interim Report
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has been awarded $6.8 million in the Department of Energy (DOE) American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) funds as part of an overall $114.8 million ECOtality grant with matching funds from regional partners to install 125 solar-assisted Electric Vehicle (EV) charging stations across Knoxville, Nashville, Chattanooga, and Memphis. Significant progress has been made toward completing the scope with the installation of 25 solar-assisted charging stations at ORNL; six stations at Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI); and 27 stations at Nissan's Smyrna and Franklin sites, with three more stations under construction at Nissan's new lithium-ion battery plant. Additionally, the procurement process for contracting the installation of 34 stations at Knoxville, the University of Tennessee Knoxville (UTK), and Nashville sites is underway with completion of installation scheduled for early 2012. Progress is also being made on finalizing sites and beginning installations of 30 stations in Nashville, Chattanooga, and Memphis by EPRI and Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA). The solar-assisted EV charging station project has made great strides in fiscal year 2011. A total of 58 solar-assisted EV parking spaces have been commissioned in East and Middle Tennessee, and progress on installing the remaining 67 spaces is well underway. The contract for the 34 stations planned for Knoxville, UTK, and Nashville should be underway in October with completion scheduled for the end of March 2012; the remaining three Nissan stations are under construction and scheduled to be complete in November; and the EPRI/TVA stations for Chattanooga, Vanderbilt, and Memphis are underway and should be complete by the end of March 2012. As additional Nissan LEAFs are being delivered, usage of the charging stations has increased substantially. The project is on course to complete all 125 solar-assisted EV charging stations in time to collect meaningful data by the end of government fiscal year 2012. Lessons learned from the sites completed thus far are being incorporated and are proving to be invaluable in completion of the remaining sites.
Lapsa, Melissa Voss [ORNL; Durfee, Norman [ORNL; Maxey, L Curt [ORNL; Overbey, Randall M [ORNL
Design of high pressure metering and regulating stations
Metering and regulating stations effectively serve as the cash registers of the natural gas industry. While the potential for lost revenue resulting from improper design is a serious consideration, it is not the only one. The potential exists for problems such as excessive noise levels, inaccurate reflection of lost and unaccounted-for gas, and numerous potentially hazardous situations. The best time to limit the potential for problems is during the design process. This, together with the critical nature of these stations, dictates that proper design is imperative. Proper design of metering and regulating stations is a constantly changing and extremely complicated subject. There are virtually an infinite number of situations that the designer can encounter in evaluating his design. In view of this, it is impossible to develop a cookbook method of designing these stations that covers all possible situations. The emphasis of this paper is to briefly touch on the major aspects of metering and regulating station design. Steps involved in station design are: 1. Collection of data on the proposed station. 2. Determination of piping configuration. 3. Selection of measurement equipment. 4. Selection of pressure regulating and overpressure protection equipment. 5. Communication of the final design to field personnel.
Rehler, D.A. [Oklahoma Natural Gas Co., Enid, OK (United States)
The overall conclusion from this work is that a switch from river sand bed material to limestone at the R.M. Heskett Station would provide substantial benefits to MDU. A switch to limestone would increase the fuel flexibility of the unit, allowing fuels higher in both sodium and sulfur to be burned. The limestone bed can tolerate a much higher buildup of sodium in the bed without agglomeration, allowing either the bed turnover rate to be reduced to half the current sand feed rate for a fuel with equivalent sodium or allow a higher sodium fuel to be burned with limestone feed rates equivalent to the current sand feed rate. Both stack and ambient SO{sub 2} emissions can be controlled. A small improvement in boiler efficiency should be achievable by operating at lower excess oxygen levels at low load. This reduction in oxygen will also lower NO{sub x} emissions, providing a margin of safety for meeting emission standards. No detrimental effects of using limestone at the Heskett Station were uncovered as a result of the test burn. Some specific conclusions from this work include the following: The bed material feed rate can be reduced from the current rate of 5.4% of the coal feed rate (57.4 tons of sand/day) to 2.5% of the coal feed rate (27 tons of limestone/day). This will result in an annual savings of approximately $200,000. (1) SO{sub 2} emissions at the recommended feed rate would be approximately 250 ppm (0.82 lb/MMBtu) using a similar lignite. Based on the cost of the limestones, SO{sub 2} allowances could be generated at a cost of $60/ton SO{sub 2} , leaving a large profit margin for the sale of allowances. The addition of limestone at the same rate currently used for sand feed could generate $455,000 net income if allowances are sold at $200/ton SO2 . (2) At full-load operation, unburned carbon losses increase significantly at excess oxygen levels below 2.8%. No efficiency gains are expected at high-load operation by switching from sand to limestone. By reducing the oxygen level at low load to 8.5%, an efficiency gain of approximately 1.2% could be realized, equating to $25,000 to $30,000 in annual savings. (3) A reduction of 25 tons/day total ash (bed material plus fly ash) will be realized by using limestone at the recommended feed rate compared to the current sand feed rate. No measurable change in volume would be realized because of the lower bulk density of the limestone-derived material.
Michael D. Mann; Ann K. Henderson
Buried waste integrated demonstration human engineered control station. Final report
This document describes the Human Engineered Control Station (HECS) project activities including the conceptual designs. The purpose of the HECS is to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of remote retrieval by providing an integrated remote control station. The HECS integrates human capabilities, limitations, and expectations into the design to reduce the potential for human error, provides an easy system to learn and operate, provides an increased productivity, and reduces the ultimate investment in training. The overall HECS consists of the technology interface stations, supporting engineering aids, platform (trailer), communications network (broadband system), and collision avoidance system.
Detailed Analysis of Urban Station Siting for California Hydrogen Highway Network
www.energy.ca.gov/gasoline/gasoline_stations/index.html.estimates range from 10% of existing gasoline stations to30% of gasoline stations. Two of the studies[7,8] further
Nicholas, Michael A; Ogden, Joan M
Economic Analysis of Hydrogen Energy Station Concepts,E 2 Four Potential Types of Hydrogen Energy Stations VehicleOperational Toronto Hydrogen Energy Station Stationary PEMFC
SOARCA Peach Bottom Atomic Power Station Long-Term Station Blackout Uncertainty Analysis: Knowledge Advancement.
This paper describes the knowledge advancements from the uncertainty analysis for the State-of- the-Art Reactor Consequence Analyses (SOARCA) unmitigated long-term station blackout accident scenario at the Peach Bottom Atomic Power Station. This work assessed key MELCOR and MELCOR Accident Consequence Code System, Version 2 (MACCS2) modeling uncertainties in an integrated fashion to quantify the relative importance of each uncertain input on potential accident progression, radiological releases, and off-site consequences. This quantitative uncertainty analysis provides measures of the effects on consequences, of each of the selected uncertain parameters both individually and in interaction with other parameters. The results measure the model response (e.g., variance in the output) to uncertainty in the selected input. Investigation into the important uncertain parameters in turn yields insights into important phenomena for accident progression and off-site consequences. This uncertainty analysis confirmed the known importance of some parameters, such as failure rate of the Safety Relief Valve in accident progression modeling and the dry deposition velocity in off-site consequence modeling. The analysis also revealed some new insights, such as dependent effect of cesium chemical form for different accident progressions. (auth)
Gauntt, Randall O.; Mattie, Patrick D.; Bixler, Nathan E.; Ross, Kyle; Cardoni, Jeffrey N; Kalinich, Donald A.; Osborn, Douglas M.; Sallaberry, Cedric Jean-Marie; Ghosh, S. Tina
E-Print Network 3.0 - air station usa Sample Search Results
and WALD, Lucien. Adding virtual measuring stations to a network for urban air pollution Summary: , and WALD, Lucien. Adding virtual measuring stations to a network for...
Cranberry Station Celebrates 100th Anniversary with a 100 Year Endowment
Cranberry Station Celebrates 100th Anniversary with a 100 Year Endowment The Cranberry Station established with contributions from growers, friends, ag companies, and cranberry handlers. The funds
Massachusetts at Amherst, University of
Vision for Rollout of Fuel Cell Vehicles and Hydrogen Fuel Stations...
Office of Environmental Management (EM)
Vision for Rollout of Fuel Cell Vehicles and Hydrogen Fuel Stations Vision for Rollout of Fuel Cell Vehicles and Hydrogen Fuel Stations This document establishes the California...
Tri-Generation Success Story: World's First Tri-Gen EnergyStation...
Energy Department, the Fountain Valley energy station is the world's first tri-generation hydrogen energy and electrical power station to provide transportation fuel to the public...
Survey Results and Analysis of the Cost and Efficiency of Various Operating Hydrogen Fueling Stations
Existing Hydrogen Fueling Stations were surveyed to determine capital and operational costs. Recommendations for cost reduction in future stations and for research were developed.
Cornish, John
Enhancing the energy efficiency of radio base stationsĀ
This thesis is concerned with the energy efficiency of cellular networks. It studies the dominant power consumer in future cellular networks, the Long Term Evolution (LTE) radio Base Station (BS), and proposes mechanisms ...
Holtkamp, Hauke Andreas
Waiting for TOD : developing in the Millbrae BART Station Area
The suburban terminus station dedicates large amounts of land for parking in order to cater to its driving riders, and causes a trade-off tension between attracting ridership through providing park-and-rides and building ...
Shih, Janet Wei
The CNGS Target Station Presented by L.Bruno
sealed system filled with 0.5 bar of He. The tube has annular fins to enhance convective heat transfer enclosure Inlet target Inlet fixed shielding Outlet Beam #12;The target Assembly The CNGS Target Station as
College Station Utilities- Residential Energy Back II Rebate Program
College Station Utilities offers an incentive for residential customers to install energy efficient HVAC equipment through the Energy Back II Program. To qualify for the rebate, the A/C system...
antarctic station casey: Topics by E-print Network
SOAP for setting up the tetheredsonde All of the Costa Rica REU groups for data 148 OF CAR SHARING STATIONS CiteSeer Summary: Approximately half of the worlds population is...
Strategy for international cooperation in planning the Chinese Space Station
After ten years of planning and pre-development, the Chinese government approved the space station project on September 25, 2010. In October 2010, the People's Republic of China (PRC) officially announced its independent ...
Foley, Jordan J. (Jordan James)
Microsoft Word - Noxon Radio Station Upgrade CX.doc
Action: Noxon Radio Station Upgrade Project Budget Information: Work Order 00254987 Task 03 Categorical Exclusion Applied (from Subpart D, 10 C.F.R. Part 1021: B1.7...
Where the Rubber Meets the Road -- the Alternative Fuel Station...
Road -- the Alternative Fuel Station Locator August 10, 2010 - 2:32pm Addthis Dennis A. Smith Director, National Clean Cities Last week, this blog highlighted the highly efficient...
Niwot Ridge CRN Station Up & On-Line.
Niwot Ridge CRN Station Up & On-Line. I made a decision after the Science Panel Review to put tree removal Wind Speed 3, terrain elevation change Solar Radiation 3, solar shading to west #12;
Southwest Region Experiment Station - Final Technical Report
Southwest Technology Development Institute (SWTDI), an independent, university-based research institute, has been the operator of the Southwest Region Photovoltaic Experiment Station (SWRES) for almost 30 years. The overarching mission of SWTDI is to position PV systems and solar technologies to become cost-effective, major sources of energy for the United States. Embedded in SWTDI's general mission has been the more-focused mission of the SWRES: to provide value added technical support to the DOE Solar Energy Technologies Program (SETP) to effectively and efficiently meet the R&D needs and targets specified in the SETP Multi-Year Technical Plan. : The DOE/SETP goals of growing U.S. PV manufacturing into giga-watt capacities and seeing tera-watt-hours of solar energy production in the U.S. require an infrastructure that is under development. The staff of the SWRES has supported DOE/SETP through a coherent, integrated program to address infrastructural needs inhibiting wide-scale PV deployment in three major technical categories: specialized engineering services, workforce development, and deployment facilitation. The SWRES contract underwent three major revisions during its five year period-of- performance, but all tasks and deliverables fell within the following task areas: Task 1: PV Systems Assistance Center 1. Develop a Comprehensive multi-year plan 2. Provide technical workforce development materials and workshops for PV stakeholder groups including university, professional installers, inspectors, state energy offices, Federal agencies 3. Serve on the NABCEP exam committee 4. Provide on-demand technical PV system design reviews for U.S. PV stakeholders 5. Provide PV system field testing and instrumentation, technical outreach (including extensive support for the DOE Market Transformation program) Task 2: Design-for-Manufacture PV Systems 1. Develop and install 18 kW parking carport (cost share) and PV-thermal carport (Albuquerque) deriving and publishing lessons learned Task 3: PV Codes and Standards 1. Serve as the national lead for development and preparation of all proposals (related to PV) to the National Electrical Code 2. Participate in the Standards Technical Panels for modules (UL1703) and inverters (UL1741) Task 4: Assess Inverter Long Term Reliability 1. Install and monitor identical inverters at SWRES and SERES 2. Operate and monitor all inverters for 5 years, characterizing all failures and performance trends Task 5: Test and Evaluation Support for Solar America Initiative 1. Provide test and evaluation services to the National Laboratories for stage gate and progress measurements of SAI TPP winners
Rosenthal, A
Large Optic Drying Station: Summary of Dryer Certification Tests
The purpose of this document is to outline the methodology used to baseline and maintain the cleanliness status of the newly built and installed Large Optic Cleaning Station (LOCS). The station has currently been in use for eleven months; and after many cleaning studies and implementation of resulting improvements appears to be cleaning optics to a level that is acceptable for the fabrication of Nano-Laminates.
Barbee, T W; Ayers, S L; Ayers, M J
Analyzing Natural Gas Based Hydrogen Infrastructure - Optimizing Transitions from Distributed to Centralized H2 Production
Hydrogen Refueling Stations SMR station Pipeline Station SMR Module Cost (HGM-1000) SMR Module Output 600 kg/day Compressor Base Cost (
Yang, Christopher; Ogden, Joan M
Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles
for the hydrogen refueling station. Compressor cost: inputcost) Compressor power requirement: input data 288.80 Initial temperature of hydrogen (Compressor cost per unit of output ($/hp/million standard ft [SCF] of hydrogen/
Delucchi, Mark
ARM: Broadband Radiometer Station (BRS) broadband shortwave and longwave 1-min radiation data with Dutton correction
Broadband Radiometer Station (BRS) broadband shortwave and longwave 1-min radiation data with Dutton correction
Stoffel, Tom; Kay, Bev; Habte, Aron; Anderberg, Mary; Kutchenreiter, Mark
Pumping stations play an important role in agriculture development projects. Performance of the pumping stations should satisfy water requirements, and management. There are many problems face these pumping stations affecting their reliability and stability. Hydraulic problems are the most important item in the field of pumping station operation and design. Motivation of this research was presence of wear and pitting impellers and casing of double suction volute casing centrifugal pumps for Ahmed Orabee Pumping Station. Vibration level, hydraulic performance test and visual inspection of impeller wear and pitting show that cavitation problem is the cause of damage. Cavitation normally occurs when liquid at a constant temperature is subjected to vapor pressure either by static or dynamic means. If the local pressure somewhere in the fluid drops to or below vapor pressure and nuclei are present, vapor cavities can be formed. As long as the local pressure stays at vapor pressure and cavity has reached a critical diameter, it will continue to grow rapidly. If the surrounding pressure is above vapor pressure, the bubbles become unstable and collapse. The
M. A. Younes
Performance Evaluation of A Household Refrigerator Using Cuo Nanoparticle Lubricant Mixture and Various Other Compressor Oils with Different Condenser Modes
Abstract:- The objective of this paper was to study the performance of household refrigerator having both air and water-cooled condenser, with 0.06 % mass fraction CuO nanoparticle-lubricant mixture and different types of compressor oils. The experiment was done using HFC134a as the refrigerant, CuO nanoparticles, Polyol-ester oil (POE) oil which is used as the conventional lubricant in the household refrigerator and SUNISO 3GS mineral oil as the lubricant alternatively. The result indicates that the refrigerator performance had improved while using CuO nanoparticle-lubricant mixture. The performance was also improved when HFC134a/SUNISO 3GS mineral oil system was used instead of HFC134a/POE oil system and there was also an enhancement when water-cooled condenser was used instead of the conventional air-cooled condenser on all load conditions. The HFC134a/CuO/SUNISO 3GS mineral oil system works normally and safely in the refrigerator. HFC134a/CuO/SUNISO 3GS mineral oil system reduced the energy consumption between 12 % and 19 % when compared with the HFC134a/POE oil system and between 9 % and 14 % while working with water-cooled condenser on various load conditions. There was also an enhancement in coefficient of performance (COP) when CuO nanoparticle-lubricant mixture was used instead of POE oil as the lubricant. The water cooled heat exchanger was designed and the system was modified by retrofitting it, along with the conventional air-cooled condenser by making a bypass line and thus the system can be utilized as a waste heat recovery unit. Experimental result shows that about 200 litres of hot water at a temperature of about 58║C over a day can be generated. Techno economic analysis shows that the installation cost and running cost of the waste heat recovery system for a day is much lower than that of a conventional
Sreejith. K
Locating PHEV Exchange Stations in V2G
Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) are an environmentally friendly technology that is expected to rapidly penetrate the transportation system. Renewable energy sources such as wind and solar have received considerable attention as clean power options for future generation expansion. However, these sources are intermittent and increase the uncertainty in the ability to generate power. The deployment of PHEVs in a vehicle-to-grid (V2G) system provide a potential mechanism for reducing the variability of renewable energy sources. For example, PHEV supporting infrastructures like battery exchange stations that provide battery service to PHEV customers could be used as storage devices to stabilize the grid when renewable energy production is fluctuating. In this paper, we study how to best site these stations in terms of how they can support both the transportation system and the power grid. To model this problem we develop a two-stage stochastic program to optimally locate the stations prior to the realizat...
Pan, Feng; Berscheid, Alan; Izraelevitz, David
Cranberry Station Farm and Grounds Manager (R35360) The University of Massachusetts Cranberry Station (www.umass.edu/cranberry) has a
Cranberry Station Farm and Grounds Manager (R35360) The University of Massachusetts Cranberry Station (www.umass.edu/cranberry) has a full time/fully benefited position available. Benefits include vacation, retirement, medical, and dental. Duties: Under the general supervision of the Cranberry Station
Mountziaris, T. J.
Solar photovoltaic power system for a radio station
Under sponsorship of the US Department of Energy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lincoln Laboratory has developed a concept for a small photovoltaic power system. Of simple construction, the system uses low-cost, prefabricated, transportable units for easy, fast installation and requires minimal site preparation. The first application of this experimental system began operation in August 1979 at daytime AM radio station WNBO in Bryan, Ohio. The project was jointly undertaken by the Laboratory and the radio station. The photovoltaic system described holds promise for a wide range of applications and economic feasibility by the mid- to late-1980s.
Nichols, B. E.
Design of photovoltaic central power station concentrator array
A design for a photovoltaic central power station using tracking concentrators has been developed. The 100 MW plant is assumed to be located adjacent to the Saguaro Power Station of Arizona Public Service. The design assumes an advanced Martin Marietta two-axis tracking fresnel lens concentrator. The concentrators are arrayed in 5 MW subfields, each with its own power conditioning unit. The photovoltaic plant output is connected to the existing 115 kV switchyard. The site specific design allows detailed cost estimates for engineering, site preparation, and installation. Collector and power conditioning costs have been treated parametrically.
EIS-0210: Tampa Electric Company-Polk Power Station (Adopted)
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency prepared this statement to fulfill its National Environmental Policy Act requirements with respect to the potential issuance of a permit to the Tampa Electric Company under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System for the 1,150-MW Polk Power Station, a new pollutant source. The U.S. Department of Energy served as a cooperating agency in the development of this document due to its potential role to provide cost-shared financial assistance for a 260-MW Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle unit at the Power Station under its Clean Coal Technology Demonstration Project, and adopted the document by August 1994.
Sandia National Laboratories: Hydrogen Refueling Stations Analysis Model
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May JunDatastreamsmmcrcalgovInstrumentsrucLas ConchasPassive SolarEducationStation Technology Infrastructure ResearchRefueling Stations
The Guadalupe Blanco River Trust and the Guadalupe-Blanco River Authority: Creating and
┬Ę Gorge Preservation Society (GPS), 2006 ┬Ł Ecotourism and education at the Canyon Reservoir Gorge, which
APPARENT WATER OPTICAL PROPERTIES AT THE CARIBBEAN TIME SERIES STATION Roy A. Armstrong, Jose M of Puerto Rico Mayag├╝ez, Puerto Rico 00681 ABSTRACT The Caribbean Time Series, located 28 nautical miles in near- surface waters of the northeastern Caribbean Basin. Apparent optical properties such as, remote
Gilbes, Fernando
MET Stations and Web Cams in the Great Lakes
in Alpena, MI, Muskegon, MI, South Haven, MI, Michigan City, IN, Chicago, IL, and Toldeo, OH also include: Alpena, MI Chicago, IL Muskegon, MI Michigan City, IN South Haven, MI Toledo, OH Met Data Stations: Alpena, MI Chicago, IL Michigan City, IN Milwaukee, WI Muskegon, MI South Haven, MI Thunder Bay
National Aeronautics and Space Administration International Space Station
and technological endeavor ever undertaken, involving support from five space agencies representing 16 nations. Once's solar panels exceed the wingspan of a Boeing 777 jetliner and harness enough energy from the sunNational Aeronautics and Space Administration NASAfacts International Space Station Clearly
Great Lakes Hydrometeorological Station Directory Database and Internet Web Development
Great Lakes Hydrometeorological Station Directory Database and Internet Web Development Primary Investigator: Thomas Croley - NOAA GLERL (Emeritus) This project was completed in 2001 Overview A new directory in hydrometeorological data availability with in the Great Lakes. The new directory will consist of an updated database
of the hydrogen fuel economy for buses, fleet vehicles, and ultimately personal vehicles. In order to demonstrate to the reforming of natural gas to produce a reformate stream; ┬Ę Develop an efficient, cost-effective means the basis for future commercial Fueling Stations. 1 Proceedings of the 2002 U.S. DOE Hydrogen Program Review
VISITOR PARKING Pay station parking meters are available around
temporary parking needs. Daily scratch-off permits are available in advance from Parking Services. LOT METER PAY STATION RATES (SUMMER RATES MAY BE DISCOUNTED) HOW DO I GET A PERMIT? When parking on campus, a CSM parking permit is required Monday through Friday, from 7AM until 5 PM. Permits authorize parking
Bryan Balkenbush Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station `Issue'
Bryan Balkenbush Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station `Issue' Map: Timeline: March 11th, sparking a tsunami March 14th : Explosion reported by second nuclear reactor, authorities scramble to cool reactors to avoid full nuclear meltdown March 15th : A second explosion occurs in reactor 4. Radiation
Toohey, Darin W.
A summary of North American HVDC converter station reliability specifications
This paper summarizes Reliability, Availability, and Maintainability (RAM) specifications that were issued for thyristor based HVDC converter stations in service in North America. A total of twenty project specifications are summarized. A detailed summary by project is shown with specific quantitative requirements categorized. Definitions of terms, representative design principles, and formulas used in calculating RAM parameters contained in existing reliability specifications are presented.
Vancers, I. (ABB Power Systems Inc., Los Angeles, CA (United States)); Hormozi, F.J. (Los Angeles Dept. of Water and Power, CA (United States))
Station GPS permanente IPG Paris DGF Uchile UNAP Iquique
NetRS, Antenna TRIMBLE Zephyr geodetic and autonomous energy (battery and solar panel). HISTORIC Semi.71476292 - 69.82727839 1675.36 DESCRIPTION North Chile II region, semi-permanent GPS station IPGP / DGF network American but in the convergence area of Nazca/ SOAM plates. Approximate Position X coordinate (m) : 2044899
Vigny, Christophe
-glue. Receptor TRIMBLE NetRS, Antenna TRIMBLE Zephyr geodetic and autonomous energy (battery and solar panel Coordinates : URCU : -21.763750 - 70.152917 DESCRIPTION North Chile II region, semi-permanent GPS station American but in the convergence area of Nazca/ SOAM plates. Approximate Position X coordinate (m) : Y
Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
cooling techniquesPassive cooling techniques Energy SystemsEnergy Systems NanofluidsNanofluids Key words/Gas Welding; Brazing stationArc/Gas Welding; Brazing station ĘĘ Air CompressorAir Compressor Accessories
Joshi, Yogesh Moreshwar
The 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments required the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to determine whether the presence of mercury in the stack emissions from fossil fuel-fired electric utility power plants poses an unacceptable public health risk. EPA's conclusions and recommendations were presented in the ''Mercury Study Report to Congress'' and ''Study of Hazardous Air Pollutant Emissions from Electric Utility Steam Generating Units''. The first report addressed both the human health and environmental effects of anthropogenic mercury emissions, while the second addressed the risk to public health posed by the emission of mercury and other hazardous air pollutants from steam electric generating units. Although these reports did not state that mercury controls on coal-fired electric power stations would be required given the current state of the art, they did indicate that the EPA views mercury as a potential threat to human health. Therefore, it was concluded that mercury controls at some point may be necessary. EPA also indicated that additional research/information was necessary before any definitive statement could be made. In an effort to determine the amount and types of mercury being emitted into the atmosphere by coal-fired power plants, EPA in late 1998 issued an information collection request (ICR) that required all coal-fired power plants to analyze their coal and submit the results to EPA on a quarterly basis. In addition, about 85 power stations were required to measure the speciated mercury concentration in the flue gas. These plants were selected on the basis of plant configuration and coal type. The Valmont Station owned and operated by New Century Energy in Boulder, Colorado, was selected for detailed mercury speciation of the flue gas as part of the ICR process. New Century Energy, in a tailored collaboration with EPRI and the U.S. Department of Energy, contracted with the Energy & Environmental Research Center (EERC) to do a study evaluating the behavior of mercury at the Valmont Station. The activities conducted at the Valmont Station by the EERC not only included the sampling needed to meet the requirements of the ICR, but involved a much more extensive mercury research program. The following objectives for the sampling at New Century Energy's Valmont Station were accomplished: (1) Successfully complete all of the mercury sampling and reporting requirements of the ICR. (2) Determine the variability in mercury concentrations at the stack using mercury continuous emission monitors (CEMs). (3) Calculate mercury mass balances and emission rates. (4) Determine the mercury concentration in the fly ash as a function of particle size. (5) Determine the impact of a fabric filter on mercury emissions for a western bituminous coal.
Dennis L. Laudal
Corrective Action Decision Document/Closure Report for Corrective Action Unit 559: T Tunnel Compressor/Blower Pad, Nevada Test Site
This Corrective Action Decision Document (CADD)/Closure Report (CR) was prepared by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) for Corrective Action Unit (CAU) 559, T-Tunnel Compressor/Blower Pad. This CADD/CR is consistent with the requirements of the Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order (FFACO) agreed to by the State of Nevada, the U.S. Department of Energy, and the U.S. Department of Defense. Corrective Action Unit 559 is comprised of one Corrective Action Site (CAS): Ģ 12-25-13, Oil Stained Soil and Concrete The purpose of this CADD/CR is to provide justification and documentation supporting the recommendation for closure in place with use restrictions for CAU 559.
NSTec Environmental Restoration
Analysis of the Behavior of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations with Renewable Generations
Analysis of the Behavior of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations with Renewable Generations Woongsup between electric vehicle charging stations (EVCSs) with renewable electricity generation facilities (REGFs electricity generation [1]. Therefore, renewable power generation will play a significant role in smart grid
Wong, Vincent
Fact #832: August 4, 2014 Over Half of the Refueling Stations...
2: August 4, 2014 Over Half of the Refueling Stations in the U.S. and Canada Sell Diesel Fuel Fact 832: August 4, 2014 Over Half of the Refueling Stations in the U.S. and Canada...
E-Print Network 3.0 - alternative fueling station Sample Search...
plan for 1,000 stations and 2 million FECVs by 2025... continues to grow at a rapid pace. Germany, Japan, and Korea anticipate having over 300 fueling stations... the mass...
Optimal sequencing site of hydro-power stations
At the first stage of a hydro-power survey of a river, it is important to select the optimal hydro-power site. The most important condition to be satisfied is to determine the optimal site where the greatest and most economical amount of hydro-energy can be obtained. This paper proposes a new method in which the optimal arrangement of the hydro-power stations is determined by a computational operation using discrete data at points along the river such as the drainage area, altitude, and distance along the river channel as obtained from topographical maps instead of drawing on engineers` experiences and the intuitions of experts. The results by this method are then compared with data on existing hydro-power stations and the results planned by expert engineers to show that this new computational method is superior.
Hayashi, T.; Yoshino, F.; Waka, R. [Tottori Univ., Koyama (Japan). Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
Navajo Generating Station and Air Visibility Regulations: Alternatives and Impacts
Pursuant to the Clean Air Act, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) announced in 2009 its intent to issue rules for controlling emissions from Navajo Generating Station that could affect visibility at the Grand Canyon and at several other national parks and wilderness areas. The final rule will conform to what EPA determines is the best available retrofit technology (BART) for the control of haze-causing air pollutants, especially nitrogen oxides. While EPA is ultimately responsible for setting Navajo Generating Station's BART standards in its final rule, it will be the U.S. Department of the Interior's responsibility to manage compliance and the related impacts. This study aims to assist both Interior and EPA by providing an objective assessment of issues relating to the power sector.
Hurlbut, D. J.; Haase, S.; Brinkman, G.; Funk, K.; Gelman, R.; Lantz, E.; Larney, C.; Peterson, D.; Worley, C.; Liebsch, E.
E-Print Network 3.0 - air station north Sample Search Results
Refueling Station... . Irvine North ... Source: California Energy Commission Collection: Energy Storage, Conversion and Utilization 3 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY, VOL....
Development of Power-head based Fan Airflow Station
related to the measured fan speed. Actually the measured fan speed is assumed to equal the motor synchronous speed, which is proportional to the VFD frequency. Theoretically it is not true. The difference between the synchronous speed and motor speed... the basic theory, experiment and results of the power-head based airflow station. Theory Figure 1 shows variable speed fan connection schematic. VFD is normally installed on the motor to adjust the motor speed by modulating frequency. Typically...
Wang, G.; Liu, M.
Lowry Range Solar Station: Arapahoe County, Colorado (Data)
Yoder, M.; Andreas, A.
Nevada Power: Clark Station; Las Vegas, Nevada (Data)
A partnership with the University of Nevada and U.S. Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) to collect solar data to support future solar power generation in the United States. The measurement station monitors global horizontal, direct normal, and diffuse horizontal irradiance to define the amount of solar energy that hits this particular location. The solar measurement instrumentation is also accompanied by meteorological monitoring equipment to provide scientists with a complete picture of the solar power possibilities.
Ottawa Generating Station Biomass Facility | Open Energy Information
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data CenterFranconia, Virginia: Energy ResourcesLoading map...(UtilityCounty,Orleans County, Vermont:Ottawa County, Kansas Bennington,Station
Genesee Power Station LP Biomass Facility | Open Energy Information
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data CenterFranconia, Virginia: Energy Resources Jump to: navigation, searchGeauga County, Ohio: Energy ResourcesEnergyGeneralGeneseeStation LP
Alternative Fuels Data Center: Ethanol Fueling Station Locations
Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicles Data Center [Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)]
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Delicious Rank EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page onAlternativeConnecticut InformationEthanolStation
Effective Load Management for the City of College Station
to reduce the overall cost of producing and distributing power. Demand reduction comes as the result of wise manage- ment of power and therefore helps not only the con- sumer by reducing costs but also the supplier by decreasing system demand during.... The greatest impact can be achieved in communities that purchase wholesale power from a separate utility supplier and have their own billing and meter reading department, and thus a real incentive to save. DEVELOPING A ?LAN BACKGROUND College Station...
Hecox, O. D.; Bauer, V.
The ALTCRISS project on board the International Space Station
The Altcriss project aims to perform a long term survey of the radiation environment on board the International Space Station. Measurements are being performed with active and passive devices in different locations and orientations of the Russian segment of the station. The goal is to perform a detailed evaluation of the differences in particle fluence and nuclear composition due to different shielding material and attitude of the station. The Sileye-3/Alteino detector is used to identify nuclei up to Iron in the energy range above 60 MeV/n. Several passive dosimeters (TLDs, CR39) are also placed in the same location of Sileye-3 detector. Polyethylene shielding is periodically interposed in front of the detectors to evaluate the effectiveness of shielding on the nuclear component of the cosmic radiation. The project was submitted to ESA in reply to the AO in the Life and Physical Science of 2004 and data taking began in December 2005. Dosimeters and data cards are rotated every six months: up to now three launches of dosimeters and data cards have been performed and have been returned with the end of expedition 12 and 13.
M. Casolino; F. Altamura; M. Minori; P. Picozza; C. Fuglesang; A. Galper; A. Popov; V. Benghin; V. M. Petrov; A. Nagamatsu; T. Berger; G. Reitz; M. Durante; M. Pugliese; V. Roca; L. Sihver F. Cucinotta; E. Semones; M. Shavers; V. Guarnieri; C. Lobascio; D. Castagnolo; R. Fortezza
Report of Progress at the Troupe Sub-Station, Smith County Texas.
TEXAS AGRICULTUR 146-409-lorn [PERIMENT STATIONS BULLETIN NO. 121 FEBRUARY 1, 1909 REPORT OF PROGRESS AT THE TROUPE SUB-STATION, SMITH COUNTY, TEXAS W. H. HOTCHKISS, SUPERINTENDENT IN CHARGE POSTOFFICE COLLEGE STATION, BRAZOS COUNTY.... ..................................... C. W. CRISLER. .Chief Clerk. .................................. F. R. N~VAILLE. .Stenographer. ...................................... A. S. WARE.. .Stenographer. STATE SUBSTATIONS. ..................... H. H. HARRINGTON, Director. .College...
Hotchkiss, W.S.
Technical Analysis: Integrating a Hydrogen Energy Station into a Federal Building
Technical Analysis: Integrating a Hydrogen Energy Station into a Federal Building Stefan Unnasch. Hydrogen Fueling Requirements Building hydrogen energy stations requires further efforts to reduce costs Energy Station The combined production of fuel cell power and hydrogen at the same facility
H2FIRST Reference Station Design Task: Project Deliverable 2-2
This H2FIRST project report, published in April 2015, presents near-term station cost results and discusses cost trends of different station types. It also contains detailed designs for five selected stations, which include piping and instrumentation diagrams, bills of materials, and several site-specific layouts.
Power-Optimal Scheduling for a Green Base Station with Delay Constraints
objective of Green Communication is to provide quality of service (QoS) at reduced energy consumptionPower-Optimal Scheduling for a Green Base Station with Delay Constraints Anusha Lalitha, Santanu with average delay constraint on the downlink of a Green Base- station. A Green Base-station is powered by both
Sharma, Vinod
United States Department of Agriculture / Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station
United States Department of Agriculture / Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station Research Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 8 p Sciences Laboratory of the Rocky Mountain Research Station (U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service
Flury, Markus
MAPS Stations on National Wildlife Refuges in the USFWS Pacific Region
MAPS Stations on National Wildlife Refuges in the USFWS Pacific Region Current Status and Future ............................................................................................. 3 Capture Rates of Adult Birds at MAPS Stations on NWR Lands .................... 3 Identifying ................................................................................. 4 Identifying Gaps in the Distribution of MAPS Stations in the Pacific Region ...... 5 Assessing
DeSante, David F.
Attached algae of the Lake Erie shoreline near Nanticoke Generating Station
The distribution, species composition, and standing crop of attached algae were surveyed in the splash zone along the shore of Lake Erie from 1971 to 1978 to determine the impact of construction and operation of the Nanticoke Generating Station, a coal-fired power plant. Station operation has had no apparent influence on the spatial distribution of attached algae in the lake stations. However, the discharge of heated condenser cooling water has resulted in an accelerated growth of attached algae in the immediate vicinity of the station early in the growing season, but the effect was not sustained after May. The species composition at sites near the generating station differed from control areas. Three years after the initial operation of the plant the generating station had a lower percent abundance of Cladophora and a higher percent abundance of weakly attached algal species such as Zygnema; this is perhaps attributable to the sheltered conditions in the discharge area of the generating station.
Kirby, M.K.; Dunford, W.E.
Attached algae of the Lake Erie shoreline near Nanticoke generating station
The distribution, species composition and standing crop of attached algae were surveyed in the splash zone along the shore of Lake Erie from 1971 to 1978 to determine the impact of construction and operation of the Nanticoke Generating Station, a coal-fired power plant. Station operation has had no apparent influence on the spatial distribution of attached algae in the lake stations. However, the discharge of heated condenser cooling water has resulted in an accelerated growth of attached algae in the immediate vicinity of the station early in the growing season, but the effect was not sustained after May. The species composition at sites near the generating station differed from control areas. Three years after the initial operation of the plant the generating station had a lower percent abundance of Cladophora and a higher percent abundance of weakly attached algal species such as Zygnema; this is perhaps attributable to the sheltered conditions in the discharge area of the generating station.
Vehicles and E85 Stations Needed to Achieve Ethanol Goals
This paper presents an analysis of the numbers of stations and vehicles necessary to achieve future goals for sales of ethanol fuel (E85). The paper does not analyze issues related to the supply of ethanol which may turn out to be of even greater concern. A model of consumers decisions to purchase E85 versus gasoline based on prices, availability, and refueling frequency is derived and preliminary results for 2010, 2017 and 2030 consistent with the President s 2007 biofuels program goals are presented (1). A limited sensitivity analysis is carried out to indicate key uncertainties in the trade-off between the number of stations and fuels. The analysis indicates that to meet a 2017 goal of 26 billion gallons of E85 sold, on the order of 30% to 80% of all stations may need to offer E85, and that 125 to 200 million flexible fuel vehicles (FFVs) may need to be on the road, even if oil prices remain high. These conclusions are tentative for three reasons: (1) there is considerable uncertainty about key parameter values, such as the price elasticity of choice between E85 and gasoline, (2) the future prices of E85 and gasoline are uncertain; and (3) the method of analysis used is highly aggregated; it does not consider the potential benefits of regional strategies nor the possible existence of market segments predisposed to purchase E85. Nonetheless, the preliminary results indicate that the 2017 biofuels program goals are ambitious and will require a massive effort to produce FFVs and insure widespread availability of E85.
Greene, David L [ORNL
Hydrogen Fueling Station in Honolulu, Hawaii Feasibility Analysis
The Department of Energy Hydrogen & Fuel Cells Program Plan (September 2011) identifies the use of hydrogen for government and fleet electric vehicles as a key step for achieving ōreduced greenhouse gas emissions; reduced oil consumption; expanded use of renewable power ģ; highly efficient energy conversion; fuel flexibility ģ; reduced air pollution; and highly reliable grid-support.ö This report synthesizes several pieces of existing information that can inform a decision regarding the viability of deploying a hydrogen (H2) fueling station at the Fort Armstrong site in Honolulu, Hawaii.
Porter Hill; Michael Penev
Optimal design of AC filter circuits in HVDC converter stations
This paper investigates the reactive power as well as the harmonic conditions on both the valve and the AC-network sides of a HVDC converter station. The effect of the AC filter circuits is accurately modeled. The program is then augmented by adding an optimization routine. It can identify the optimal filter configuration, yielding the minimum current distortion factor at the AC network terminals for a prespecified fundamental reactive power to be provided by the filter. Several parameter studies were also conducted to illustrate the effect of accidental or intentional deletion of one of the filter branches.
Saied, M.M.; Khader, S.A. [Kuwait Univ. (Kuwait). Electrical and Computer Engineering Dept.
List of Refueling Stations Incentives | Open Energy Information
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home5b9fcbce19 No revision hasInformation Earth's Heat JumpInc Place:KeystoneSolarList ofPassive Solar SpaceStations Incentives
A High-Altitude, Station-Keeping Astronomical Platform
Several commercial telecommunication ventures together with a well funded US military program make it a likely possibility that an autonomous, high-altitude, light-than-air (LTA) vehicle which could maneuver and station-keep for weeks to many months will be a reality in a few years. Here I outline how this technology could be used to develop a high-altitude astronomical observing platform which could return high-resolution optical data rivaling those from space-based platforms but at a fraction of the cost.
Robert A. Fesen
Fesen, R A
Sandia National Laboratories: Hydrogen Fueling Station Working Group
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May JunDatastreamsmmcrcalgovInstrumentsrucLas ConchasPassive SolarEducationStation Technology Infrastructure Research and
ARM - Evaluation Product - Station-based Surface Data Set
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May JunDatastreamsmmcrcal Documentation(AVIRIS) ProductsAirborne Visible/InfraredProductsMicroPulse LIDAR CloudtheProductsStation-based
Kaneohe Station, Hawaii: Energy Resources | Open Energy Information
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data CenterFranconia, Virginia: Energy Resources Jump to:46 - 429 Throttled (botOpen6 ClimateKamas, Utah: EnergyKaneohe Station, Hawaii: Energy
Sandia National Laboratories: Oliktok Point Long Range Radar Station
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr MayAtmosphericNuclear Security Administration the1 -theErik Spoerke SSLSMolten-Salt StorageNoLong Range Radar Station Sierra Unmanned
Alternative Fuels Data Center: Natural Gas Fueling Station Locations
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr MayAtmospheric Optical Depth (AOD)ProductssondeadjustsondeadjustAbout theOFFICE OFFuels inGo Map_thumbnailMississippiFloristStation
Alternative Fuels Data Center: Propane Fueling Station Locations
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr MayAtmospheric Optical Depth (AOD)ProductssondeadjustsondeadjustAbout theOFFICE OFFuels inGoIndianaPennsylvania SchoolPropaneStation
Property:NumberOfMeasuringStations | Open Energy Information
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data CenterFranconia, Virginia: Energy ResourcesLoadingPenobscot County,ContAddr2 JumpNbrInjWellsInformationNumberOfMeasuringStations Jump
Toyon Power Station Biomass Facility | Open Energy Information
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data CenterFranconia, Virginia:FAQ < RAPID Jump to:Seadov Pty LtdSteen,Ltd JumpOperationsInformationRowleyIndianaToyon Power Station
Fallon Naval Air Station Geothermal Area | Open Energy Information
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home5b9fcbce19 NoPublic Utilities Address:011-DNA Jump37.California: Energy Resources Jump4748456┬░,Fallon Naval Air Station
Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-101 Berkeley, CA. Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture; 1987.
foam 226 #12;systems (CAFS) have been modified with centrifugal pumps and metering devices, and enlarged with 40 cubic feet per minute (cfm) or greater air compressors. Air aspirating and conventional
A prototype station for ARIANNA: a detector for cosmic neutrinos
The Antarctic Ross Iceshelf Antenna Neutrino Array (ARIANNA) is a proposed detector for ultra-high energy astrophysical neutrinos. It will detect coherent radio Cherenkov emission from the particle showers produced by neutrinos with energies above about 10^17 eV. ARIANNA will be built on the Ross Ice Shelf just off the coast of Antarctica, where it will eventually cover about 900 km^2 in surface area. There, the ice-water interface below the shelf reflects radio waves, giving ARIANNA sensitivity to downward going neutrinos and improving its sensitivity to horizontally incident neutrinos. ARIANNA detector stations will each contain 4-8 antennas which search for brief pulses of 50 MHz to 1 GHz radio emission from neutrino interactions. We describe a prototype station for ARIANNA which was deployed in Moore's Bay on the Ross Ice Shelf in December 2009, discuss the design and deployment, and present some initial figures on performance. The ice shelf thickness was measured to be 572 +/- 6 m at the deployment site.
Lisa Gerhardt; Spencer R. Klein; Thorsten Stezelberger; Steve Barwick; Kamlesh Dookayka; Jordan Hanson; Ryan Nichol
Radio Frequency Station - Beam Dynamics Interaction in Circular Accelerators
The longitudinal beam dynamics in circular accelerators is mainly defined by the interaction of the beam current with the accelerating Radio Frequency (RF) stations. For stable operation, Low Level RF (LLRF) feedback systems are employed to reduce coherent instabilities and regulate the accelerating voltage. The LLRF system design has implications for the dynamics and stability of the closed-loop RF systems as well as for the particle beam, and is very sensitive to the operating range of accelerator currents and energies. Stability of the RF loop and the beam are necessary conditions for reliable machine operation. This dissertation describes theoretical formalisms and models that determine the longitudinal beam dynamics based on the LLRF implementation, time domain simulations that capture the dynamic behavior of the RF station-beam interaction, and measurements from the Positron-Electron Project (PEP-II) and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) that validate the models and simulations. These models and simulations are structured to capture the technical characteristics of the system (noise contributions, non-linear elements, and more). As such, they provide useful results and insight for the development and design of future LLRF feedback systems. They also provide the opportunity to study diverse longitudinal beam dynamics effects such as coupled-bunch impedance driven instabilities and single bunch longitudinal emittance growth. Coupled-bunch instabilities and RF station power were the performance limiting effects for PEP-II. The sensitivity of the instabilities to individual LLRF parameters, the effectiveness of alternative operational algorithms, and the possible tradeoffs between RF loop and beam stability were studied. New algorithms were implemented, with significant performance improvement leading to a world record current during the last PEP-II run of 3212 mA for the Low Energy Ring. Longitudinal beam emittance growth due to RF noise is a major concern for LHC. Simulations studies and measurements were conducted that clearly show the correlation between RF noise and longitudinal bunch emittance, identify the major LLRF noise contributions, and determine the RF component dominating this effect. With these results, LHC upgrades and alternative algorithms are evaluated to reduce longitudinal emittance growth during operations. The applications of this work are described with regard to future machines and analysis of new technical implementations, as well as to possible future work which would continue the directions of this dissertation.
Mastoridis, Themistoklis; /Stanford U., Elect. Eng. Dept. /SLAC
Regulations, Codes, and Standards (RCS) Template for California Hydrogen Dispensing Stations
This report explains the Regulations, Codes, and Standards (RCS) requirements for hydrogen dispensing stations in the State of California. The reports shows the basic components of a hydrogen dispensing station in a simple schematic drawing; the permits and approvals that would typically be required for the construction and operation of a hydrogen dispensing station; and a basic permit that might be employed by an Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ).
Rivkin, C.; Blake, C.; Burgess, R.; Buttner, W.; Post, M.
During the period October 1, 2003-December 31, 2003, Allegheny Energy Supply Co., LLC (Allegheny) continued with demonstration operations at the Willow Island Generating Station and improvements to the Albright Generating Station cofiring systems. The demonstration operations at Willow Island were designed to document integration of biomass cofiring into commercial operations, including evaluating new sources of biomass supply. The Albright improvements were designed to increase the resource base for the projects, and to address issues that came up during the first year of operations. This report summarizes the activities associated with the Designer Opportunity Fuel program, and demonstrations at Willow Island and Albright Generating Stations.
K. Payette; D. Tillman
Next Generation Hydrogen Station Composite Data Products: Data through Quarter 4 of 2013
This report includes 25 composite data products (CDPs) produced for next generation hydrogen stations, with data through quarter 4 of 2013.
Sprik, S.; Kurtz, J.; Peters, M.
E-Print Network 3.0 - air station project Sample Search Results
Collection: Energy Storage, Conversion and Utilization ; Renewable Energy 28 www.praxair.com H2 Storage and Summary: Station Schedule Overview Project Milestones Planned...
FEMP ESPC Success Story- U.S. Naval Station, Guantanamo Bay, Cuba
Fact sheet describes the Energy Savings Performance Contract (ESPC) success story on environmental stewardship and cost savings at the U.S. Naval Station at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba.
Uncertainty for Satellite and Station Solar Data in the Updated NSRDB
Solar Resource Assessment Workshop, Denver CO, Oct 29, 2008 presentation: Uncertainty for Satellite and Station Solar Data in the Updated NSRDB,
Myers, D. R.
Daily snow depth measurements from 195 stations in the United States
This document describes a database containing daily measurements of snow depth at 195 National Weather Service (NWS) first-order climatological stations in the United States. The data have been assembled and made available by the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) in Asheville, North Carolina. The 195 stations encompass 388 unique sampling locations in 48 of the 50 states; no observations from Delaware or Hawaii are included in the database. Station selection criteria emphasized the quality and length of station records while seeking to provide a network with good geographic coverage. Snow depth at the 388 locations was measured once per day on ground open to the sky. The daily snow depth is the total depth of the snow on the ground at measurement time. The time period covered by the database is 1893--1992; however, not all station records encompass the complete period. While a station record ideally should contain daily data for at least the seven winter months (January through April and October through December), not all stations have complete records. Each logical record in the snow depth database contains one station`s daily data values for a period of one month, including data source, measurement, and quality flags.
Allison, L.J. [ed.] [Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States). Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center; Easterling, D.R.; Jamason, P.; Bowman, D.P.; Hughes, P.Y.; Mason, E.H. [National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Asheville, NC (United States). National Climatic Data Center
Next Generation Hydrogen Stations: All Composite Data Products through Fall 2012
This presentation from the U.S. Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory includes 14 composite data products (CDPs) for next generation hydrogen stations.
Sprik, S.; Wipke, K.; Ramsden, T.; Ainscough, C.; Kurtz, J.
Clean Cities Launches iPhone App for Alternative Fueling Station...
free app that locates fueling stations offering alternative fuels, including electricity, natural gas, biodiesel, E85, propane, and hydrogen. The National Renewable Energy...
Acceptance test report, 241-AW air inlet filter station pressure decay test
This is the acceptance test report for pressure decay tests performed on newly-installed 241-AW Tank Farm primary ventilation system air inlet filter stations.
Tuck, J.A.
E-Print Network 3.0 - air station cape Sample Search Results
Geosciences ; Environmental Sciences and Ecology 32 ForPeerReview PUBLIC ACCEPTANCE OF OFFSHORE WIND POWER Summary: Service (MMS) 12. The Mirant Canal Station power plant,...
E-Print Network 3.0 - anaheim police station Sample Search Results
Annual William O. Lipinski Symposium on Transportation Policy Summary: Water and wastewater treatment facilities Police and fire stations StreetlightsPolice and fire......
Converting Limbo Lands to Energy-Generating Stations: Renewable Energy Technologies on Underused, Formerly Contaminated Sites
This report addresses the potential for using 'Limbo Lands' (underused, formerly contaminated sites, landfills, brownfields, abandoned mine lands, etc. ) as sites for renewable energy generating stations.
Mosey, G.; Heimiller, D.; Dahle, D.; Vimmerstedt, L.; Brady-Sabeff, L.
Bibliography on overvoltage protection and insulation coordination of HVDC converter stations, 1979-1989
This bibliography is a listing of references on the subject of overvoltage protection and insulation coordination of HVDC converter stations, for the years 1979 through 1989.
SNL Issues a Request for Quotation for a Hydrogen Station Test...
for Quotation for a Hydrogen Station Test Device DOE Issues Request for Quotations for Depleted Uranium Hexafluoride Conversion Technical Services 10 Questions Regarding SAE...
Partnership Finalizes Hydrogen Energy Roadmap,ö World WideCommercialization Strategy for Hydrogen Energy Technologies,Economic Analysis of Hydrogen Energy Station Concepts: Are ō
Next Generation Hydrogen Station Composite Data Products: Data through Quarter 2 of 2013
This report includes 18 composite data products (CDPs) produced for next generation hydrogen stations, with data through quarter 2 of 2013.
Sprik, S.; Kurtz, J.; Ainscough, C.; Post, M.; Saur, G.; Peters, M.
Technical Analysis of the Hydrogen Energy Station Concept, Phase I and Phase II
Phase I Due to the growing interest in establishing a domestic hydrogen infrastructure, several hydrogen fueling stations already have been established around the country as demonstration units. While these stations help build familiarity with hydrogen fuel in their respective communities, hydrogen vehicles are still several years from mass production. This limited number of hydrogen vehicles translates to a limited demand for hydrogen fuel, a significant hurdle for the near-term establishment of commercially viable hydrogen fueling stations. By incorporating a fuel cell and cogeneration system with a hydrogen fueling station, the resulting energy station can compensate for low hydrogen demand by providing both hydrogen dispensing and combined heat and power (CHP) generation. The electrical power generated by the energy station can be fed back into the power grid or a nearby facility, which in turn helps offset station costs. Hydrogen production capacity not used by vehicles can be used to support building heat and power loads. In this way, an energy station can experience greater station utility while more rapidly recovering capital costs, providing an increased market potential relative to a hydrogen fueling station. At an energy station, hydrogen is generated on-site. Part of the hydrogen is used for vehicle refueling and part of the hydrogen is consumed by a fuel cell. As the fuel cell generates electricity and sends it to the power grid, excess heat is reclaimed through a cogeneration system for use in a nearby facility. Both the electrical generation and heat reclamation serve to offset the cost of purchasing the equivalent amount of energy for nearby facilities and the energy station itself. This two-phase project assessed the costs and feasibility of developing a hydrogen vehicle fueling station in conjunction with electricity and cogenerative heat generation for nearby Federal buildings. In order to determine which system configurations and operational patterns would be most viable for an energy station, TIAX developed several criteria for selecting a representative set of technology configurations. TIAX applied these criteria to all possible technology configurations to determine an optimized set for further analysis, as shown in Table ES-1. This analysis also considered potential energy station operational scenarios and their impact upon hydrogen and power production. For example, an energy station with a 50-kWe reformer could generate enough hydrogen to serve up to 12 vehicles/day (at 5 kg/fill) or generate up to 1,200 kWh/day, as shown in Figure ES-1. Buildings that would be well suited for an energy station would utilize both the thermal and electrical output of the station. Optimizing the generation and utilization of thermal energy, hydrogen, and electricity requires a detailed look at the energy transfer within the energy station and the transfer between the station and nearby facilities. TIAX selected the Baseline configuration given in Table ES-1 for an initial analysis of the energy and mass transfer expected from an operating energy station. Phase II The purpose of this technical analysis was to analyze the development of a hydrogen-dispensing infrastructure for transportation applications through the installation of a 50-75 kW stationary fuel cell-based energy station at federal building sites. The various scenarios, costs, designs and impacts of such a station were quantified for a hypothetical cost-shared program that utilizes a natural gas reformer to provide hydrogen fuel for both the stack(s) and a limited number of fuel cell powered vehicles, with the possibility of using cogeneration to support the building heat load.
Monitoring and optimization of energy consumption of base transceiver stations
The growth and development of the mobile phone network has led to an increased demand for energy by the telecommunications sector, with a noticeable impact on the environment. Monitoring of energy consumption is a great tool for understanding how to better manage this consumption and find the best strategy to adopt in order to maximize reduction of unnecessary usage of electricity. This paper reports on a monitoring campaign performed on six Base Transceiver Stations (BSs) located central Italy, with different technology, typology and technical characteristics. The study focuses on monitoring energy consumption and environmental parameters (temperature, noise, and global radiation), linking energy consumption with the load of telephone traffic and with the air conditioning functions used to cool the transmission equipment. Moreover, using experimental data collected, it is shown, with a Monte Carlo simulation based on power saving features, how the BS monitored could save energy.
Spagnuolo, Antonio; Vetromile, Carmela; Formosi, Roberto; Lubritto, Carmine
Field Tests with Corn at College Station and Beeville.
. . . 4.13 4.69 2.87 * 4.04 2.33 5.33 1.77 2.62 4.43 R ain fa ll in inches for J u ly .................. 2.47 .45 1.36 .75 .45 1.64 1.51 .48 1.45 2.60 Rain fa ll in inches for A u gu stf .......... 1.19 .75 .09 3.99 1.85 7.01 2.81 .60 4.68 .21 * Data... inches in the drill. 2. V arie ty and D istance Test?Embracing 5 varieties, th e d istance varying between rows from 3 feet to 5 feet, and 2 1-2 feet to 3 feet in the drill. SUMMARY OF RESULTS. COLLEGE STATION. Varieties?W ith th e varie...
Pittuck, B. C.; Connell, J. H.
EIS-0215: Pinon Pine Power Project, Tracy Station, NV
The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) prepared this statement to assess the environmental and human health issues associated with the Pinon Pine Power Project, a proposed demonstration project that would be cost-shared by DOE and the Sierra Pacific Power Company (SPPCo.) under DOE's Clean Coal Technology Program. The proposed Federal action is for DOE to provide cost-shared funding support for the construction and operation of the Pinon Pine Power Project, a coal-fired power generating facility, which would be a nominal, 800-ton-per-day (104 megawatt (MW) gross generation) air-blown, Integrated Gasification Combined-Cycle plant proposed by SPPCo. at its Tracy Power Station near Reno, Nevada.
A Field Study on Residential Air Conditioning Peak Loads During Summer in College Station, Texas
compressor use. This is advantageous in that it simplifies the experimental hardware requirements in projects of the sort undertaken here. (b) The base loads, i.e., the minimum electric load due to refrigerator, lights and other equipment which run all... to their customers to various incentives and load control programs, and the use of thermal storage systems (George, 1988). The Bryan Municipal Utility in Bryan, TX has a program which offers a rebate of $200 to any homeowner who installs an AC with a Seasonal Energy...
Reddy, T. A.; Vaidya, S.; Griffith, L.; Bhattacharyya, S.; Claridge, D. E.
SOARCA Peach Bottom Atomic Power Station Long-Term Station Blackout Uncertainty Analysis: Convergence of the Uncertainty Results
This paper describes the convergence of MELCOR Accident Consequence Code System, Version 2 (MACCS2) probabilistic results of offsite consequences for the uncertainty analysis of the State-of-the-Art Reactor Consequence Analyses (SOARCA) unmitigated long-term station blackout scenario at the Peach Bottom Atomic Power Station. The consequence metrics evaluated are individual latent-cancer fatality (LCF) risk and individual early fatality risk. Consequence results are presented as conditional risk (i.e., assuming the accident occurs, risk per event) to individuals of the public as a result of the accident. In order to verify convergence for this uncertainty analysis, as recommended by the Nuclear Regulatory CommissionÆs Advisory Committee on Reactor Safeguards, a æhighÆ source term from the original population of Monte Carlo runs has been selected to be used for: (1) a study of the distribution of consequence results stemming solely from epistemic uncertainty in the MACCS2 parameters (i.e., separating the effect from the source term uncertainty), and (2) a comparison between Simple Random Sampling (SRS) and Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) in order to validate the original results obtained with LHS. Three replicates (each using a different random seed) of size 1,000 each using LHS and another set of three replicates of size 1,000 using SRS are analyzed. The results show that the LCF risk results are well converged with either LHS or SRS sampling. The early fatality risk results are less well converged at radial distances beyond 2 miles, and this is expected due to the sparse data (predominance of ōzeroö results).
Bixler, Nathan E.; Osborn, Douglas M.; Sallaberry, Cedric Jean-Marie; Eckert-Gallup, Aubrey Celia; Mattie, Patrick D.; Ghosh, S. Tina
TileCal Remote Monitoring Station at the University of Chicago (draft v0.1)
. The load imposed on the TileCal ACR machine by the remote moni- toring station must be small and should;3 IMPLEMENTATION 3 3 Implementation 1. The remote monitoring station at Chicago will consist of the following ┬Ę Location near UC Prototype Tier2 cluster 2. The computer will consist of the following: ┬Ę Hardware: ┬Ł Linux
Planning and Installation Guide: North Carolina Compressed Natural Gas Fueling Stations
1 Planning and Installation Guide: North Carolina Compressed Natural Gas Fueling Stations Introduction Are you considering installing a compressed natural gas (CNG) fueling station for your fleet to provide your fleet with fuel. One resource for locating and identifying public compressed natural gas
We use networks so that if one power station goes down, the area it provides
.cwh.org.uk/main.asp?page=393 ┬Ł Battersea Power Station; www.progressillinois.com/.../images/windfarm.jpg - Wind farm; The Simpsons - nuclear power plant; http://www.projectsmonitor.com/NewsImages/ - Gas Pipeline. #12;We use networks so that if one power station goes down, the area it provides electricity
Wright, Francis
Waves and the equilibrium range at Ocean Weather Station P J. Thomson,1
Waves and the equilibrium range at Ocean Weather Station P J. Thomson,1 E. A. D'Asaro,1 M. F September 2013; accepted 29 September 2013; published 8 November 2013. [1] Wave and wind measurements at Ocean Weather Station P (OWS-P, 50 N 145 W) are used to evaluate the equilibrium range of surface wave
Coastal Inundation due to Tide, Surge, Waves, and Sea Level Rise at Naval Station Norfolk
Coastal Inundation due to Tide, Surge, Waves, and Sea Level Rise at Naval Station Norfolk Honghai of future sea level rise (SLR) scenarios and to evaluate the potential coastal inundation at Naval Station and sea level rise threats to coastal residents and coastal military facilities, the US Strategic
US Army Corps of Engineers
Review of river discharge records and gauging stations in the Rwenzori Mountains of Uganda
Review of river discharge records and gauging stations in the Rwenzori Mountains of Uganda Richard Department Directorate of Water Development Entebbe, Uganda November 2004 Review of river discharge records and gauging stations in the Rwenzori Mountains of Uganda 1 #12;Summary This report provides an overview
Jones, Peter JS
EIS-0435: Modification of the Groton Generation Station Interconnection Agreement, Brown County, South Dakota
This EIS evaluates the environmental impacts of a proposal for DOE's Western Area Power Administration to modify its Large Generator Connection Agreement for the Groton Generation Station in Brown County, South Dakota. The modification would allow Basin Electric Power Cooperative, which operates the generation station, to produce power above the current operating limit of 50 average megawatts.
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