text:
Drew Stubbs CF
Drew Sutton SS
Joey Votto 1B
Brandon Phillips 2B
Scott Rolen 3B
Jonny Gomes RF
Wladimir Balentien LF
Corky Miller C
Homer Bailey P
1-2 Drew attack! :rockband:
Printable View
Drew Stubbs CF
Drew Sutton SS
Joey Votto 1B
Brandon Phillips 2B
Scott Rolen 3B
Jonny Gomes RF
Wladimir Balentien LF
Corky Miller C
Homer Bailey P
1-2 Drew attack! :rockband:
Coghlan 5 for 5 in this series now after his leadoff single.
A wild pitch moves him to second, and Johnson dribbles one to Homer for the first out.
Coghlan nailed at third by Miller trying to steal third...2 down for Ramirez.
Ramirez pops out in foul ground to Corky. 3 up 3 down...not traditional, but it worked. :O)
Kinda looked like the Reds players were tickling each other in the dugout lmao.
And according to George, this is the first ever Drew attack by any team, ever.
Anybody know why Bruce isn't starting? Seems odd.
Stubbs robbed on a linedrive to Ramirez. Nice snag.
Sutton shows warning track power again. At least we're getting good wood on the ball. Votto up with 2 down. 7 game hitting streak for Joey.
Vottomatic getting going again. Single to left.
Make it 8 games! Linedrive single for Vottomatic.
Brandon pops out to first to end the inning. 0-0 after 1.
I'm liking how we're getting solid contact off this guy. We're gonna score some runs tonight.
Another leadoff single for the fish. Cantu with the single to right.
Nice over the shoulder catch by Votto to sit Uggla down.
Homer k's Ross to end the inning. I missed what happened to Baker/Cantu.
Is it just me or does it look like Homer is keeping something off the fastball early in the games and building up his velocity as the game advances?
2 quick rollers to Hanley by Rolen & Gomes are the first 2 down. So the bases are empty for Wlad....kinda like this game thread. Wlad quickly strikesout to end the inning.
Hmmmm...this is getting repetitive. Another leadoff single against Homer. Cameron Maybin with a single to rcf.


text:
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Willene Ruth Zachgo
Danforth, IL
Basic information on Willene Ruth Zachgo, Danforth IL. Find Willene Ruth Zachgo's age, gender, possible aliases, associates and professional status.
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Willene Ruth Zachgo
Willene Ruth Zachgo is in his 70's
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Why Can't He Be More Like Me?: 9 Secrets to Understanding Your Husband - eBook
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ChristianBook eBooks on the Sony Reader
To read a Christianbook.com licensed eBook on your Sony device, you will need to use Adobe Digital Editions.
Without using ADE, the Sony Reader will attempt to open eBooks with its own software, the Reader Library, and you may receive an error message.
To bypass the Sony Reader Library, return to the eBook portion of 'My Account' on our site, and click to download the eBook again.
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|Format: DRM Protected ePub
Vendor: Harvest House Publishers
Publication Date: 2012
Availability: In Stock
Publisher's Description
"What do you and your spouse have in common?"
"We got married on the same day."
Many women can identify with that sentiment. They want their marriages to be happy and honoring to God, but they wonder how when their mate baffles and even irritates them so. Some may even wonder if they made a terrible mistake.
Using Scripture, humor, and colorful illustrations from her own struggles, Poppy Smith offers hope in this upbeat, personal, practical, biblically grounded, and empathetic book. Why Can't He Be More Like Me? will help women analyze areas of marital conflict by reviewing their backgrounds, parenting personalities, expectations, needs, and reactions. Each chapter provides practical tools to help women learn to accept and enjoy their mate, resulting in a strengthened relationship, better communication, and deeper understanding of each other.
With its how-to emphasis, this book is a useful resource for classes, small groups, or seminars for wives and couples.
Product Reviews
Cafe Lily Book ReviewsUSA4 Stars Out Of 5Practical advice, mixed with humor and witMay 5, 2012Cafe Lily Book ReviewsUSAQuality: 4Value: 4Meets Expectations: 4For those wanting practical advice on marriage, with some humor and wit mixed in, Poppy Smith's newest book offers both. In her quirky and sometimes "tongue in cheek" style, Poppy covers everything from how our brains are wired differently from our husband's, to what men hear when their wives speak. And though the book is interesting and lighthearted at times, Poppy addresses some very serious issues such as sexual abuse, painful pasts and emotional baggage. Questions for self-assessment are included in each chapter as well as scriptures for encouragement.
drrodvarious parts of USAge: Over 65Gender: male5 Stars Out Of 5Addressed to Christian women, great advice!April 11, 2012drrodvarious parts of USAge: Over 65Gender: maleQuality: 5Value: 5Meets Expectations: 5WHY CAN'T HE BE MORE LIKE ME? is the title of a new book by Poppy Smith. It is especially addressed to her "sisters," those who have committed themselves to following Christ but having difficulties due to their recognition that their husband is more different from them than they could have imagined.
Her central themes include these: God really does know what is best for you
You can't change your spouse, only you
You aren't perfect or complete either
Your disparate experiences and temperaments, goals and genders can be an asset as well as a source of problems
The foundation of her early life is exhibited in both her wise and unwise choices, but subsequent to her commitment to Christ, another foundation began to be laid—to do what God wanted her to do. She learned that "marriage isn't to make us happy, but holy" (Gary Thomas, SACRED MARRIAGE). She also learned there was nothing about obeying God that didn't apply to her.
In light of that commitment to obedience in comparison to her experiences, she discusses concrete examples of troubles a couple can face and how or how not to address them. Those examples from her experiences as a teacher and wise counselor, lend to the reader's appreciation of the many ways a husband is different from his wife. These include chapters on the most common problems facing all of us married for more than 15 minutes—money, conflict, communication, sex and several more. I was especially impressed by the discussion of the impact of negative self talk in the section on ANTS.
Her writing is articulate and pertinent while being convicting and encouraging and I appreciated the tender prayers at the end of each chapter for her "sisters." Additionally, she is confident that the improvement in our marriages "is God's work and He will pour all you need into your heart by His Spirit." This book is one way of God's using the author to do just that for readers in stressful situations.
I would recommend this cogent, easily read book for couples, not just wives, interested in understanding the sources of difficulties in the marriage and who seek to have the fulfilling relationship they dreamed of when they met their spouse. I will also be recommending this author and book to the Marriage Commission of the Christian Medical and Dental Associations. One of their 50+ ministries is to the marriages of physicians and dentists and their spouses.
Member, Marriage Commission
Christian Medical and Dental Associations
IreneUnited States5 Stars Out Of 5This book is easy to understandApril 4, 2012IreneUnited StatesQuality: 5Value: 5Meets Expectations: 5The subtitle to this book, 9 Secrets to Understanding Your Husband, expresses just how simple and easy to understand this book is! It is a very organized and practical book with loads of helpful advice on ways to have a better relationship with your husband. I want to stress that this book is not just for wives but would also be great for any woman who is engaged!
Understanding where you both come from and what you want out of the marriage are two of the most helpful pieces of advice in the book. Seeing how our parents were together can influence how we treat each other. Understanding that concept will change how the two of you relate to each other. Making sure to frequently talk about where you want to be in the future also helps keep you walking down the same path at the same time!
I gave this book 5/5 stars because it was easy to read and understand. Each chapter had helpful and practical advice and would be a great present for any woman in a serious relationship.
I would like to thank NetGalley and the publisher for the copy of this book I enjoyed reading. I gave an honest review based on my opinion of what I read.
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Frigidaire Dishwasher FFBD2406NW
Love it! Had dishwashers before that never really cleaned the dishes well but this one does! The Normal cycle does run long but it's worth it for the clean dishes. It is super...Read complete review
Love it! Had dishwashers before that never really cleaned the dishes well but this one does! The Normal cycle does run long but it's worth it for the clean dishes. It is super quite and half the time I forget that it's on. I have all Fridigaire products in my kitchen and love them all!
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The dishwasher leaves a lot of water on glasses and cups on top tier and other items, including silverware, are damp. You can't fit regular sized wine glasses on top tier. It does...Read complete review
The dishwasher leaves a lot of water on glasses and cups on top tier and other items, including silverware, are damp. You can't fit regular sized wine glasses on top tier. It does not hold as many glasses/cups, plates and bowls as my old dishwasher did. Otherwise, its fine.
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Does what it's supposed to.
By cpbowles48
from Undisclosed
Comments about Frigidaire 24" Built-In Stainless Steel Dishwasher:
It cleans dishes. Nothing special about. It does what I expected it to do.
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good machine
By eau claire lakes
from Barnes, WI, United States
so far,has done a good job.looks good.quiet enough for me.
Bottom Line Yes, I would recommend this to a friend
By Mt airy
from Maryland, United States
This was a lower cost machine that was rated as a "work horse". No fancy features but gets the job done. Not so. Dishes not always clean and always wet even on "heat" dry.
Bottom Line No, I would not recommend this to a friend
By Kriver
from Chicago
Comments about Frigidaire 24" Built-In Black Dishwasher:
Worth the money
Bottom Line
By victim
from Fremont, CA, United States
Within a week the door would not close completely & I had to have it serviced.
Just what we need and ata great price.
By Jason Holley
from Howell, MI, United States
Simple, affordably, looks great, everything you need at a great price.
Great Appliance
By Fernie33
from El Paso, TX, United States
It has been working great for myself and my wife!!
So so Washer
By Jason9549
from Pittsburgh, PA, United States
Washes well and is quiet, but tub and racks are very small.
Ease of use
By Rhioken
from Cadiz, KY, United States
I bought this model in April while remodeling my kitchen. It was very eye pleasing and had simple button features. I love that it is so easy to use and it cleans great. Looks really updated in the kitchen, while blending in the overall scheme.
It's pretty and goes with my appliances.
By smokez1978
from Atlanta, GA, United States
I wish it was a little bigger and the silverware basket didn't lean over.
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Yes Derrick Ill be presenting! :) Derrick asked me some time ago to present on MIIS at the Sydney Windows Infrastructure Group. More than happy to mate!
Also will be presenting at the Victorian chapter of SAGE-AU on Exchange 2007. Should be a great overview session for anyone that wants to come along!


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37 year old woman | Boston, MA, USA | Seeking men 30-42 in United States
It's hard to describe myself, but I'll give it a go. I consider myself a spiritual person, community driven, someone who tries to look out for those around me. I'm very close with my friends and family, and love to spend time with them; they are all an integral part of my life and have helped shaped the person that I am today. In addition to my family and friends, my faith is a central part of me, and the person that I continue to grow into. I'd like to think of myself as compassionate, intelligent, funny and somewhat laid back. I'm looking for someone who shares similar values to me, and someone who has a good sense of humor and a positive attitude. Not really sure if this best captures the person that I am, but its a start. :)
Coffee and conversation , Cooking , Dining out , Hobbies and crafts , Movies/Videos , Museums and art , Music and concerts , Exploring new areas , Performing arts , Playing cards , Political interests , Religion/Spiritual , Shopping/Antiques , Travel/Sightseeing , Volunteering
Don't display my sign
Middle of the Road
I have had the opportunity to travel to many places around the world, but one of my favorite places in the world is Istanbul. Its a nice mix of east and west, and so rich in history; I cant wait to go again.
Favorite music - I love all kinds of music, but two of my favorite bands are Coldplay and U2. TV Shows - I love watching tv and movies... Lost was probably my all time favorite show.
I love to spend time with my friends, go to the movies, or out into the city. I enjoy going to museums, plays, games and concerts, but at the same time enjoy relaxing at home with friends.
I'm in the middle of a few books at the moment - one of the books I'm currently reading is The Witch of Portobello by Paulo Cohelo.
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
|What she is looking for
|5'2" (157cms)
|5'7" (170cms) to 6'2" (187cms)
|Body type:
|I'll tell you later
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|I'll tell you later
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41 year old man | Coatesville, IN, USA | Seeking women 28-40 within 25 miles
I believe your lover should also be your best friend.
I am the father of two of the most amazing girls in the world. They are my entire world and I live my life around them. I have them every other weekend and when I don't I wish I did. My work makes me to busy most of the time to go out and meet new people. This just seemed more convenient so I'm giving it a try. Plus the free time I do have I would rather spend it with someone instead of finding someone. So come on Match work your magic!!! About me... I love the outdoors. Camping, fishing, boating, swimming, hiking...all of it. My family is very close and we all get together for holidays and birthdays. Family is very important to me. I love all music but country is my favorite. I try to stay active most of the time but I love laying around watching movies too. I hate cold weather so I love movie marathons in the winter. I believe honesty is the only option. Lies only get you in a deeper hole. No ones perfect. If you mess up, tell me the truth. I may get mad but not as mad as if you lie about it first. I get over things pretty quick, and I don't hold grudges. I hate going to sleep, or to work mad. One of my all time favorite songs is Lee Brice's "Love Like Crazy". I thinks its a pretty good formula to happiness. I'm addicted to Fudge Rounds.... There's nothing better than Smore's at a camp fire...... The sound of a child laughing always puts a smile on my face.... Make me meatloaf and I'll do anything you say..... You see me drinking Tequila, hold on.... "Come on everybody,we're going streaking"!!! I love Old School, and Step Brothers.... That's just a little about me, I'm pretty laid back and open to just about anything fun. Just looking for someone to experience life with. After all, everything's more fun with someone special!!! ... So if you're interested let me know. I'd love to meet you. If nothing else a new friend is not a bad thing either!
Camping , Dining out , Fishing/Hunting , Movies/Videos , Music and concerts , Exploring new areas , Nightclubs/Dancing , Playing sports , Travel/Sightseeing , Watching sports
Basketball, Football, Golf, Hockey, Swimming, VolleyBall, Walking / Hiking, Weights / Machines
I exercise 3-4 times per week.
Middle of the Road
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
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|5'11" (180cms)
|5'2" (157cms) to 6'2" (187cms)
|Body type:
|Athletic and toned
|Slender, About average, Curvy, Athletic and toned
|Blue, Brown, Green, Hazel
|Light brown
|Auburn / Red, Black, Light brown, Dark brown, Blonde, Dark blonde
|No Way
|No Way, Occasionally, Yes, but trying to quit
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|No preference
|$50,001 to $75,000
|No preference
|Never Married, Widow / Widower, Currently Separated, Divorced
|Have kids:
|Yes, and they sometimes live at home (2)
|No preference
|Wants kids:
|Not sure
|No preference
|White / Caucasian
|White / Caucasian
|I'll tell you later
|No preference
|I'll tell you later
|No preference
|Associates degree
|No preference


text:
Estonia completed their FIFA World Cup™ qualifying Group 5 campaign with an encouraging 2-0 victory over Belgium.
Raio Piiroja opened the scoring for the hosts on the half-hour mark and Konstantin Vassiljev secured the win with Estonia's second midway through the second period. The home side went on the attack from the off and Kaimar Saag almost gave them a 10th-minute lead with a shot which grazed the bar.
Belgium offered little as an attacking threat in the opening half, with Roland Lamad having their best chance, his thunderous shot striking the upright. Estonia took the lead after 30 minutes when Konstantin Vassiljev whipped in a cross and defender Piiroja rose highest to plant his header past Logan Bailly.
Belgium's Dutch coach Dick Advocaat made two substitutions at the break, dragging off Daniel van Buyten and Gaby Mudingayi and replacing them with Toby Alderweireld and Thomas Buffel. The Red Devils controlled possession following the restart but it was Estonia who offered the greater threat in front of goal.
The Estonians extended their lead after 67 minutes. Joel Lindpere won the ball in midfield before laying it off to Dmitri Kruglov and his cross was controlled neatly by Vassiljev, who then swept the ball home.
Belgium poured forward in the closing stages in a bid to salvage something from a disappointing display. However, despite some long spells of pressure they found goalscoring chances hard to come by.
Indeed, home keeper Sergei Pareiko in the Estonia goal had little to do as Belgium finished their campaign with a whimper.


text:
We are delighted to offer all Soil Association members a 10% discount when ordering from the Laverstoke Park Farm website. To get your discount code, email your Soil Association membership number to email@example.com.
Laverstoke Park Farm is the UK's leading Bio Dynamic and Organic farm situated in 2,500 acres of the Hampshire countryside. Founded by Jody Scheckter, his aim was to produce the best tasting, healthiest food without compromise for himself and his family. This still stands today!
Laverstoke produces a huge range of fresh meat as well as award winning products such as buffalo milk ice cream to mozzarella and gluten free sausages. Not forgetting our classic biltong and organic ale and lager! Visit Laverstoke online to find out more and see our full product range.
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Catalogue Number: 204-1727
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- Detail base designed for better results when sanding intricate areas
- Removable tips allowing other profile tips to be added
- Quick fit sanding paper for faster sanding action & easier paper fitment
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Product Details
The Black & Decker KA161BC Mouse detail sander is an ideal tool for a wide range of decorating tasks or repairs. Whether it's sanding furniture, removing rust, glass cleaning or polishing metal, this sander will tackle these tasks easily. The sander is easy to use and thanks to the rocker switch giving you continual operation, you can move your hands freely about the unit while in use. For greater comfort and control, this sander is fitted with rubber grips and the 3m long cable gives you more freedom of use.
Thanks to its compact design you are closer to the work surface and getting greater control. The detail base is designed to give you better results when sanding intricate areas and the teardrop-shaped base allows you to access tight corners easily. Removable tips allow you to add other profile tips for greater versatility, and the included detail finger attachment will allow you to access even the tightest areas.
The sanding paper is attached with 'hook and loop' solution hence changing it is easy and quick. The rotatable base allows you to rotate paper as it wears, extending the life of the sanding paper.
The Black & Decker KA161BC Mouse detail sander comes with a number of accessories so that you are able to start your job straight away. In the box, you will find - 1x polishing pad, 1x rust removal pad, 2x 80G sanding sheets, 3x 120G sanding sheets, 1x 180G sanding sheet, 1x finger attachment, 4x 180G finger sanding sheets, 1x vac adapter and 1x storage bag.


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Bear with my limited knowledge with the nature of this error, this is not my site. but the fatal error is coming up after WP was updated. Can't seem to find this error elsewhere, can someone please advise me on how to fix it.
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totes Umbrellas
Best Umbrellas
Kids Umbrellas
Kids Rain Umbrellas, Kids Clear Bubble Umbrellas
Boy's & Girl's Bubble Umbrellas, Kids Sports Umbrellas
Kids umbrellas make it easy to keep them dry - at least from the rain. While our dome umbrellas provide protection from the sky, we can't guarantee they won't "accidentally" step in a few mud puddles on the way home from school. These fun kids clear bubble umbrellas and other cute umbrellas feature floral and sports designs your kids will love. Choose both boys and girls umbrellas for the walk to the bus stop or to school.
Kids umbrellas are easy to pop into their backpacks for when it rains. Of course, for these dome umbrellas and other rain umbrellas to work, your kids will have to choose to pop them open!
Products 1 - 6 of 6
Raines by totes Kids Soccerball Gripster Umbrellas
Soccer Sports Umbrellas, Designer Rain Umbrellas for Kids & Fun Athletic Umbrellas for Girls and Boys
Raines by totes Kids Soccerball Gripster Umbrellas
Kids Soccer Print Umbrellas, Cute Sports Rain Umbrellas & Fun Soccer Umbrellas for Boys and Girls
Kids rain umbrellas, like our fun umbrellas in a variety of sports ball choices, will appeal to even the youngest sports fans. These sports umbrellas are great boys and girls umbrellas, and have pinch-proof runners and covered tips for added safety.
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totes Kids Blue Bubble Umbrellas
Children's Bubble Umbrellas, Clear Dome Blue Umbrellas & Clear Fashion Stick Umbrellas for Kids
totes Kids Blue Bubble Umbrellas
Blue Clear Bubble Umbrellas, Kids Fashion Dome Umbrellas & Children's Clear Fashion Umbrellas
Our fashionable bubble umbrellas include the popular Kids Blue Bubble Umbrella with a canopy that opens to a 39.5-inch arc. These dome umbrellas are some of the most popular family bubble umbrellas that let you see through the waterproof cover.
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totes Kids Clear Bubble Umbrellas
Cute Plastic Fashion Bubble Umbrellas, Kids Clear Bubble Umbrellas & Bubble Dome Children's Umbrellas
totes Kids Clear Bubble Umbrellas
Kid's Plastic Bubble Umbrellas, Clear Stick Umbrellas & Children's Bubble Dome Fashion Umbrellas
Our fashionable plastic bubble umbrellas include the Kids Clear Bubble Umbrella with a fun see-through waterproof cover. These clear umbrellas stand out in our popular collection of adult bubble umbrellas and children's bubble dome umbrellas.
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totes Kids Dot Bubble Umbrellas
Stick Umbrellas for Girls and Boys, Kid's Clear Bubble Umbrellas & Fancy Fashion Rain Umbrellas for Kids
totes Kids Dot Bubble Umbrellas
Cute Girls and Boys Bubble Umbrellas, Best Kids Rain Umbrellas & Unique Clear Umbrellas
Find many girls and boys umbrellas in a variety of styles that make kids rain umbrellas from totes the best umbrellas. Bubble umbrellas are see-through, water-proof styles that offer a large canopy to keep kids covered in soggy weather.
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Raines by totes Kids Love Bugs Gripster Umbrellas
Designer Kids Rain Umbrellas, Pretty Floral Print Umbrellas & Fancy Umbrellas for Girls
Raines by totes Kids Love Bugs Gripster Umbrellas
Kids Fashion Print Umbrellas, Kids Pretty Rain Umbrellas & Fashion Flower Print Umbrellas
Our kids umbrellas offer pinch-proof tips and covered runners for more safety, while providing soft "ball" handles for comfort and fun. Kids rain umbrellas with the "Love Bugs" prints are pretty umbrellas that will also keep kids protected on rainy days.
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totes Kids Pink Bubble Umbrellas
Fun Bubble Rain Umbrellas for Girls and Boys, Kid's Clear Designer Umbrellas & Unique Stick Umbrellas
totes Kids Pink Bubble Umbrellas
Kid's Cute Rain Umbrellas, Girls and Boys Clear Umbrellas & Kid's Fun Bubble Umbrellas
Shop for kids rain umbrellas in cute colors ands styles. Girls and boys umbrellas, like the kids clear bubble umbrellas, have see-through, water-proof covers that offer 39.5" of protection from heavy rain.
Shop Now
Kids umbrellas fit easily in with their books in their backpacks, for fun dome umbrellas that protect them from the rain.
Kids umbrellas are designed almost as tough as your kids. Our kids dome umbrellas can't stop them from traipsing through mud muddles. But these kids clear bubble umbrellas can protect them from the rain as they walk to the bus stop or school. These kids rain umbrellas also feature brightly colored umbrellas so you can always spot them in a crowd.
Our kids umbrellas feature styles that both boys and girls will love. Buy one or many boys and girls umbrellas because you know how easily they get lost. The dome umbrellas and other umbrellas pack easily into their bags for school. Your kids will love rain umbrellas with their floral and sports designs, and you'll love their sturdy construction.
Products 1 - 6 of 6
totes Umbrellas
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Cows milk protein allergy (sometimes referred to as cmpa) affects around 2–7. 5% of infants, but most will grow out of it by the age of three. The symptoms can be hard to pick up, even by healthcare professionals, but warning signs can include facial swelling, frequent vomiting, regurgitation, diarrhoea, constipation, eczema or respiratory problems like a chronic cough or runny nose. If your baby has any of these symptoms and has not been diagnosed with cows' milk protein allergy, you should ask your healthcare professional for advice. It is also worth telling them if you, your partner or any of your other children has a diagnosed allergy as it can increase the likelihood of your baby having cmpa. They may then decide to refer you to a paediatric dietitian for further checks.
Aptamil Pepti 1 is suitable for use from birth and should be used under medical supervision. It is a food for special medical purposes for the dietary management of cows' milk protein allergy and has been specifically developed for bottlefed babies. Aptamil Pepti 1 contains the same unique blend of GOS/FOS prebiotics as our other milks but it is an extensively hydrolysed formula, which means the cows' milk protein has been broken down, making it easier for babies to tolerate and digest, whilst providing them with all the nutrition they need.
formulat pre-1 is a food planned for the baby weighing 2500 to 3500 grams (5. 5 to 7. 7 lb). It is naturally suitable to feed the growing preterm ...Dicofarm Spa
We supply the following baby food/infant milk formula,Skimmed Milk Powder,Full Cream Milk Powder and manymore baby food . Powder Aptamil Pre mit ...Ilec Gmbh Co. Limited
Soya alternative to milk developed especially for little ones. Available fresh and long life. Great source of protein. Protein is needed for the ...VEGANUARY LIMITED
sending enquiry ....


text:
TEAM = Together Everyone Achieves More
Team: 136
School: Zuni High
Area of Science: Medicine and Health
Proposal: We want to investigate making artificial limbs that interface nerve circuitry with a prosthetic device to provide better user control of the limb. We will build robotic models of arms and attach them to a circuit board to imitate nerve endings. Using our results from the model, we will write a program to find an optimal design for an artificial arm. This research is important because it can further medical research on prosthetics and improve the lives of disabled veterans and others.
Team Members:
Cory Hustito Cory Natachu Danielle Dosedo Michael Seowtewa
Sponsoring Teacher: Kathleen Trujillo
Mail the entire Team


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Home > About IUP > Administration > Administration and Finance > Financial Operations > News
Office of Financial Operations
The U.S. General Services Administration is currently updating its website, and not all of the links are working.
Please use this link for current per diem rates. IUP's Travel website will be updated when the GSA has completed its update.
Posted on 7/22/2010 1:26:35 PM
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What are the cultural benefits in Raleigh?
If you don't immediately think of Raleigh, North Carolina as a city offering much in the way of culture, the odds are you've probably never been or, at very least, never visited the North Carolina Museum of Art. And if you have, it could very well be that, ever since, you've been jockeying to find […]View Post


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Red and white trials bike stolen from shed in Haverhill
Posted: February 17, 2014|
Comments (0)
A trials bike has been stolen from a garden shed.
The red and white Husqvarna TC 450 was taken from the garden shed of a property in Chainey Pieces, Haverhill.
This happened between 12pm on February 14 and 10am on February 16.
The garden to the property adjoined a footpath. The shed had wooden boards removed from the side.
If you have any information about the incident or have seen the bike contact PC Rupert Beynon at Haverhill Police on 101.
You can also call Crimestoppers on 0800 555 111.


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"Who does not see that knowledge precedes faith? Nobody believes unless he knows what to believe."
~ Augustine of Hippo, convert, bishop, theologian, Father and Doctor of the Church, Saint; noting that the assent of faith is a rational act; before it can be made, it must be known for certain that there is a God, that He has spoken, and that what He has spoken is known. (see "Science and the Church")


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Tattoo Medical Supplies
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For Medical Professionals > Exam Room & Supplies > Table Paper & Pillowcovers >
CWI Medical carries Exam Table Paper, Disposable Pillow Cases and Headrest Sheets.
Disposable Pillowcovers by Graham Professional is made of Apex economical lighter weight paper that offers a cost-effective alternative…


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If you are new to the wonder world of sushi, this infographic will help you learn the basics of the Japanese food. From Blu on the Avenue Restaurant, the infographic provides sushi newbies with everything they need to know before visiting their first sushi restaurant.
Sushi doesn't necessarily mean raw fish. It usually includes vegetables, fish and seasoned rice. Sushi is served with a side of wasabi and ginger. And, those thin slices of fish that are served without rice are called sashimi.
During your first visit to a sushi restaurant, start with cooked fish like eel, shrimp or clams. Then have a taste of fish-free sushi rolls like cucumber, avocado and other vegetables. When you're ready to try your hand at raw fish, start with fish you are familiar with. Also stick to mild tastes like tuna or scallops. To get the hang of eating sushi rolls, start with smaller sizes and don't forget that rolls should be eaten in one moutful.
Learn more about sushi basics in the infographic below.
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Beans, wonderful beans, Mexican, African or Tuscan…
By Remy Charest | Published: November 9, 2010
When food and environment writers suggest that you should cut down on meat and eat more vegetarian foods, one of the things they suggest most often is to eat more beans. Lovely idea. I wish they would also spend more time suggesting recipes – and more precisely, a variety of recipes that can keep you eating [...]
Posted in Cooking, recipe, vegetarian | Also tagged beans, coconut, coconut milk, fagioli al fiasco, fagioli all'Ucelletto, herbs, kidney beans, The World in Your Kitchen, tomato, Tuscany | 14 Comments


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The Evidentiary Imaging System (EIS) provides secure storage or transmission of a digital image into which is encoded the date, time, and location at which the image was taken, along with the camera ID and frame number. The encoding is dispersed throughout the image so that the image cannot be modified without distorting the encoding. The image may be encrypted for additional security. Annotation can be superimposed on the encoded or encoded and encrypted image to classify or identify the image to human or automated scanning systems. The annotation can also be used to key the decoding and decryption tasks. The EIS produces imagery which may be authenticated as to originality, time and location of imaging. The imagery may be stored, duplicated, and transmitted while retaining its authenticity. However, any modifications to the image, including any local changes, are readily detected because the encoding will not decode correctly.
1. System for authenticating digital information, comprising:
a) an image acquisition device for producing an original array of two-dimensional digital information;
b) means for obtaining current date and time information from satellite or radio broadcasts;
c) means for obtaining current location information from satellite or radio broadcasts;
d) means for identifying a Sensor ID for the image acquisition device;
e) an encoder for converting date/time, location, and Sensor ID into two-dimensional format called the Encoded Data Array;
f) an embedder for combining the Encoded Data Array and the Original Array into a new Composite Array
h) a Transmission device to transfer the Composite Array to a recipient;
n) means for comparing said transferred Composite Array to said Encoded Data Array, said comparing means thereby being able to use said Encoded Data Array to determine whether the information in said Encoded Data Array is embedded in said Composite Array, said comparing means also being able to separately determine whether said date/time information, said location information, and said Sensor ID information is embedded in said Composite Array, said comparing means being further limited by being able to make said determination without extracting or otherwise decoding the information in said Encoded Data Array;
j) a decoder with fault indicator when date/time, location, and source cannot be decoded;
k) an Encoding Extractor for removing the Encoded Data Array from the Composite Array;
l) means for restoring the Original Array at pixel locations used for the Encoding; and
m) means for determining changes between the Restored Original Array and the Original Array.
2. System as in
3. System as in
4. System as in
5. System as in
6. System as in
7. System as in
8. System as in
9. System as in
10. System as in
11. System as in
12. System as in
13. System of
14. System of
15. System of
16. System of
17. System of
18. System of
19. System of
g) an encrypter for encrypting the Composite Array;
i) a decrypter to restore the Composite Array.
20. System as in
21. A method for authenticating digital images, comprising the steps of:
capturing a digital image;
recording authentication information at the time and place of said capturing, said authentication information being unique to said digital image and comprising a plurality of pieces of information, including at least one piece of information from a source independent of said capturing;
encoding said authentication information into a data array mapable to said digital image;
mapping said data array to said digital unage, thereby creating a composite array;
optionally encrypting said composite array;
optionally annotating said composite array;
comparing said data array, optionally encrypted and annotated, to a target composite array, wherein said comparing determines whether said authentication information is embedded in said target composite array, said comparing also being able to separately determine whether each of said plurality of pieces of information is embedded in said target composite array, said comparing being further limited by being able to make said determination without extracting or otherwise decoding information in said data array, thereby proving that said target composite array is an authentic copy of said composite array.
22. The method of
23. The method of
24. The method of
25. The method of
26. The method of
27. The method of
28. A system for authenticating digital images, comprising:
means for capturing a digital image;
means for recording authentication information at the time and place of said capturing, said authentication information being unique to said digital image and comprising a plurality of pieces of information, including at least one piece of information from a source independent of said capturing;
means for encoding said authentication information into a data array mapable to said digital image;
means for mapping said data array to said digital image, thereby creating a composite array;
means for optionally encrypting said composite array;
means for optionally annotating said composite array;
means for comparing said data array, optionally encrypted and annotated, to a target composite array, wherein said comparing determines whether said authentication information is embedded in said target composite array, said comparing means also being able to separately determine whether each of said plurality of pieces of information is embedded in said target composite array, said comparing means being further limited by being able to make said determination without extracting or otherwise decoding information in said data array, thereby proving that said target composite array is an authentic copy of said composite array.
29. The system of
30. The system of
31. The system of
32. The system of
33. The system of
34. The system of
This application for patent claims priority from U.S. Provisional Patent Application 60/180,783 filed Feb. 7, 2000.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention generally relates to techniques for authenticating digital images, and in particular to techniques for encoding authentication information and distributing that information throughout the image.
2. Background Description
Digital cameras offer high-resolution immediate imagery which can be processed and transmitted electronically without the need for scanning and digitizing a hard copy photograph. The digital nature of the resulting imagery, however, makes it more vulnerable to undetected manipulation in whole or in part. Where the imagery has evidentiary use, it is essential to incorporate a technique by which to determine that an image has not been altered.
Since it is often essential to know the precise date, time, and location where the image was taken, what imaging device was used, and who took the image, the apparatus and method of the present invention use an encoding of that information distributed throughout the image as a secure means of providing that information as well as a certificate of originality.
The method and apparatus of the present invention does not require the use of flash correlation. However, that technique provides a computationally simple and therefore rapid capability for decoding the two-dimensional encodings of data which provide authentication. Furthermore, flash correlation is fast enough to exhaustively consider all possibilities when certain encoded information is unknown, such as the ID of the specific camera used, the ID of the user, or the frame number or exact time of day a given image was taken. Alternately, steganography can be used.
Presence of a flash correlation artifact (FCA) between a Resultant Image and an encrypted representation of the Encoded Data Array is sufficient to identify its date/time, location, and source. Each of those values can be separately identified, or all can be simultaneously verified. Presence of an FCA between a Resultant Image and an Encrypted version of the Original Image indicates that the Resultant Image is authentic, It is not necessary to decrypt the Resultant Image or to perform pixel by pixel comparison in order to authenticate the image. Authentication of an image can be performed in one operation, regardless of the complexity of the image.
Confirmation of the camera ID, the date/time, and the location can be separately made, with or without being cued by annotation on the image.
Multi-colored or multi-grey level images can be similarly authenticated. Their complement is created by inversion of the grey scale or color chart. Alternately, colored images can be broken into components and represented by three layers of grey scale values, each of which is separately encoded and encrypted.
The term "flash correlation " refers to the instantaneous indication of massive correlation between two or more images through the process of overlaying two images, with one rotated and either inverted or not inverted with respect to the other, so as to produce a region with density statistically higher or lower than the rest of the overlaid image area, when and only when there is sufficient similarity between the two images. The two images may be scrambled prior to being overlaid in order to produce a more uniform density distribution. When pixelized images are so scrambled and there is strong correlation between the two images, the resulting flash correlation artifact will be a square centered at the point of rotation.
The term "flash correlation artifact" (FCA) means a region of statistically different density, which may be repositioned within the overlaid area by relative translation of the two overlaid patterns having relative rotation. The existence of the FCA or flash correlation artifact serves to: authenticate that an unknown pattern is included within a set of known images and identify matches between unknown and known specific images. Analysis of the FCA density provides a quantitative measure of the correlation between any two images.
The use of flash correlation-generated patterns for authentication of documents and other images was included in U.S. Pat. No. 5,583,950 point of novelty #21. "By utilizing either pseudorandom-generated patterns, or read-after-write random patterns, flash correlation offers the ability to overlay additional patterns as an item advances through a manufacturing or distribution cycle. The total composite pattern, or any of the subpatterns can subsequently be authenticated or identified."
In the present invention, the Encoded Data Array may be added to the Original Array either before or after encryption. If before, then the Resultant Array must be decrypted prior to using flash correlation to authenticate the image and decode the data. This makes the image available in the clear during authentication and decoding. If the Encoded Data Array is added after encryption, then flash correlation can be used to authenticate the image and decode the data without decrypting the image.
The present invention is an Evidentiary Imaging System (EIS) and is comprised by two subsystems: the Imaging and Encoding Subsystem and the Receiving and Authentication Subsystem. Transmission of the information between the two subsystems can be via any method for electronic or physical transfer.
In the primary embodiment as an enhancement to a digital video camera, the EIS Imaging and Encoding Subsystem includes: a digital imaging sensor, a GPS receiver, a Greenwich Mean Time receiver, the camera ID, a frame counter and an encoding generator. The resultant system collects in real time the date, time, and location in which an image is captured. It encodes that information into the image. It may also annotate the information onto the image in alphanumeric format if the user selects that option. The encoding scheme uses a camera ID code that is different for each camera, and another code which is different for each frame of imagery taken with that camera. Therefore the encoded information changes with the particular camera used, as well as with the date, time, location, and frame number. The subsystem may also incorporate a biometric technique which permits only an identified and authorized user to operate the system, or which encodes the identity of the camera user along with the other encoded information, or both.
In the primary embodiment, the EIS Receiving and Authentication Subsystem includes: an image receiver, annotation detection and readout capability, decryption, decoding, and authentication, followed by restoration of the image. A decision output is also included to display or otherwise transmit the results of the authentication test.
The present invention also provides a method for authenticating digital images. The image is captured, and then authentication information is recorded at the time and place of capturing. This authentication information is unique to the digital image and includes at least one piece of information from a source independent of the capturing process, such as GMT and/or GPS information from satellites. The authentication information is encoded into a data array in a manner which can be mapped to the digital image, thereby creating a composite array. Optionally, the composite array can be encrypted and annotated. Then, in order to authenticate whether a target composite array is an authentic copy of the composite array, the data array of authenticating information is compared to the target composite array.
Various approaches may be used for the encoding and encryption functions within the EIS. The camera ID can be encoded in hardware by placing dots on the lens, by modifying the pixels in the detector array (effectively creating a number of "bad pixels") or other hardware or software techniques. The frame counter, and the input from the GPS and GMT receivers are encoded via software. The resultant from the encoding steps is an array of pixels called the Encoded Data Array.
The Encoded Data Array can be a binary array which is superimposed on the Original Image Array, being logically "OR'd" with it. Alternately, pixels in the Encoded Data Array can be grey scale or color, and can be added, subtracted, or used to replace the corresponding pixels in the taken image. The simplest and primary embodiment uses binary Encoded Data Array pixels which are logically OR'd with the Original Image Array. The resulting image is called the "Composite Image".
The Composite Image can be scrambled or encrypted prior to storage or transmission. The resulting image is called the "Encrypted Composite Array". For simplicity, it is assumed that this step is always performed, but may include a "Null encryption" in which no change occurs to the Composite Image.
Some or all of the information used to create the Encoded Data Array can be annotated onto the Encrypted Composite Array so as to be visible to the human eye or to sorting mechanisms. The resulting image is called the Annotated Encrypted Composite Array. For simplicity, it is assumed that this step is always performed, but may include a "Null annotation" in which no information is annotated on the Encrypted Composite Array. The Encrypted Composite Array is the "Resultant Image" from the EIS Imaging subsystem.
Resultant images can be transmitted, stored, printed, and otherwise distributed. However, any processing, including compression and expansion, will create alteration in the Resultant image. Additional subsequent processing will create further alteration. Processing of a part of the image will create detectable alteration in that part.
Certain recipients may be given the ability to decrypt the Resultant Image but not the ability to decode the Encoded Data Array.
Other recipients may be given the ability to extract the Encoding, or to authenticate one or more of the camera ID, frame number, date/time, location, and user ID, but not the ability to extract and authenticate all of them.
Recipients who have the ability to extract and authenticate all of the parameters associated with the imagery are called Authenticating Recipients.
Entities which are not users of the imagery may independently provide authentication services, which might include providing cameras, and analyzing Resultant Imagery. These entities or persons may serve as expert witnesses to testify to the authenticity of the Resultant Imagery, and explain the procedures in evidentiary proceedings. These persons are called "Certifiers". Among their duties is determining the precision of the location and time information encoded on an image, and the statistical level of confidence in asserting that an image has or has not been modified; that is, that it is or is not an authentic original taken at the encoded time and location by a particular camera and user.
Certifiers are responsible for maintaining the encoding keys for each camera. They can be the camera manufacturers, the owner of one or more cameras, or any organization responsible for providing expert witness as to the facts surrounding the imagery's collection.
The imagery collected by the camera can be in the normal visual band, or can be infrared, ultraviolet, x-ray, sonogram, or any medical or hyperspectral imagery producing a 2-D or 3-D digital image. Additional information can be input through a keyboard, scanner, or other means and be also encoded, including alphanumeric data such as the name of the photographer or subject. Alternately, the EIS can include a speech recognition module which translates spoken information into text for encoding.
The EIS camera can be a video sequencer, which takes multiple images over an interval of time. The EIS encoding provides timestamping of each frame to document the timing of recorded events. The EIS provides tamper indicating secure transmission of imagery electronically via satellite, or RF, or landline or other communications network including the public telephone network.
Rather than a camera, the EIS may use another source, such as a scanner or computer software which produces a document or image. The output of this source is input to the EIS in place of the camera input. The EIS may be a component of a secure computer network and be automatically triggered by operations to a document or image such as; saving, transmission, printing, or duplication. The EIS Encoded Data Array would include a code which represents the terminal or workstation which originated the work or which is transmitting it. The work may have previously been encoded with other date, time, and source. Multiple sets of encoded layers may be applied without affecting the accuracy of the authentication. That ability to overlay and separately readout multiple layers is an important advantage of flash correlation.
The Evidentiary Imaging System (EIS) has several important applications. These include providing:
Authentication of documents and images generated by computer and then stored, printed, or transmitted.
Ancillary benefits provided by the EIS include automatic synchronization of a network of cameras, automatic annotation of location and time, automatic logging of camera use and user.
Current surveillance cameras include those which incorporate built-in ID numbers, clocks and frame numbers, and keypads which allow the location to be input via keypad— with all that data annotated onto the resulting single frame or video imagery. The resulting imagery can be encrypted or scrambled prior to transmission, and authorized recipients can decrypt or descramble the imagery. Annotation can be applied before or after encryption.
Other authentication or counterfeit detection techniques have been developed to place authenticating information into an image such that it is not obvious, and cannot be removed without leaving indication of that process.
The present invention, however, offers the novelty of utilizing GPS and GMT receivers for automatic determination of time and location which is not prone to human error or manipulation. It also offers the preferred use of flash correlation for rapid readout and authentication of all encoded information, or of any one or more elements. That provides the capability to separately control who has the ability to determine certain information about received images.
The use of Date/time and Location information as keys or seeds to the encoding and encryption processes ensures non-repetition of those elements; increasing the security of the system. By designing these modules into the EIS, the devices can be sealed at the factory and then installed anywhere for automatic operation. Alternately, they can be manually operated at various locations without any user controls other than turning the system on and triggering the image taking.
This greatly simplifies the training needed, improves the chain of custody of the collected information, standardizes the technique for authentication, and allows the automated use of the system in emergency situations, such as recording vehicle crashes.
The foregoing and other objects, aspects and advantages will be better understood from the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment of the invention with reference to the drawings, in which:
Referring now to the drawings, and more particularly to
The camera captures a frame of imagery and stores it 102 in the digital image buffer. The frame number is incremented and stored 103 in the frame buffer. The GMT receiver captures the time and stores it 104 in the time buffer. The GPS receiver captures the location and stores it 105 in the location buffer. The encoder uses the camera ID, frame, location, and time to produce an encoding 106 of each status information. The composite encoder combines the encoding layers to form a composite encoding 107. The image encoder combines the image and the encoding to produce the encoded image 108. The encrypter encrypts the encoder image to produce the encrypted encoded image 109. The location processor compares 110 the GPS information in the location buffer to entries in a look-up table. If a match is found, an alphanumeric input is provided to the annotator. If no match, the location buffer information is provided to the annotator. The annotator overlays 111 the location information, date/time, camera ID, and frame # in alphanumeric form onto the encrypted encoded image. The resultant image is transmitted, output, or stored 112.
If the encoding does not match the annotated information, or does not match any possible encoding in the case of non-annotated imagery, the image is ruled non-authentic. If the image is determined to be authentic, the encoding is removed to yield the original image 207 by reversing the steps used to apply the encoding. If this process leaves voids or unspecified pixels in the image, standard image processing techniques can be used to fill the voids, such as using nearest neighbor fill. The situation is considered analogous to bad pixel replacement in focal plane array camera imagery.
The primary embodiment uses a pseudorandom binary number generator (not shown) which uses the information from each buffer as a seed to generate a binary pattern of dots. The composite pattern is formed by overlaying all the dot patterns. The encoded image processor 311 combines the encoding and the image. The primary embodiment overlays the encoding on top of the image. The encryption processor 312 encrypts the encoded image and stores it in the encrypted encoded image buffer 313. Any or no encryption process may be used. The annotation 314 forms a composite of the information to be visually displayed on the image and the encrypted image to produce the annotated encrypted image, also called the resultant image, which is stored in the resultant image buffer 315. The resultant image buffer 315 is connected to a printer, storage, or transmission device 316. Movement of the resultant image can be automatic or manually controlled.
The authenticator 706 compares the encoding obtained from the annotation information, or each possible encoding, to the encoded image using flash correlation or other comparison technique. If there is adequate correlation between the encoding and the encoded image, the image is judged to be authentic and that decision 708 is output. If there is not adequate correlation, that decision 708 is also output. The image decoder and restoration processor 709 is a dedicated processor or software routine which removes the encoding from the image and restores pixels which have become voids in the process. The resultant image is made available in the restored image buffer 710 to be transmitted, stored, or output 711, along with the authentication certificate.
It may be difficult in some cases to confirm the presence of the +/+ FCA over the entire image plane. Alternately, the +/− comparison can be performed with the encoded image and the encoding each divided into an array of cells. The presence of a +/− artifact in each cell would indicate that no modification has occurred in each cell. The absence of an artifact in any cell would indicate that modification has been performed in that area of the encoded image.
The Primary Embodiment of the invention is a Vehicle Incident Recording System (not shown) which uses an infrared camera as the imaging sensor and incorporates date/time, location, camera ID, and frame number ID encoding with annotation of this same data into an image header. The camera is mounted in the front grill of the automobile and may be also used to provide realtime night driving aid to the driver. Imagery from the camera is transmitted by wireline to the EIS which is located in a relatively crash-proof area of the vehicle. The EIS can be activated by one or more sensors such as an accelerometer circuit designed to detect braking or sharp turns, or by air bag inflation. Or it could be activated by sensors monitoring driver behavior. Alternately, the EIS can maintain an "endless loop" of encoded images associated with a preceding period of time. The EIS Resultant Imagery would be used for accident reconstruction, or to evaluate the performance of vehicle operators.
A Second Embodiment (not shown) addresses the market for automatic date/time annotation alone. This simplest embodiment covers the incorporation of a GMT receiver with a camera, resulting in an EIS which provides annotation of date and time onto the resulting static or video images. This simplest consumer version of the EIS omits the encryption, limits the encoding to just date/time and camera ID, and provides for visible annotation as a selectable option. The consumer version would still be useful for recording insurance damage, documenting accidents, imaging the condition of items offered for sale, protecting ownership of original art and video creations, documenting will and contract signing, and other uses. However, the imagery would be presented in the clear; that is not encrypted. It therefore offers authentication capability but not privacy when the images are transferred. The decoding keys would remain with the EIS supplier, who would offer authentication services for a fee when it was desired. The EIS user would have proof of ownership of any resulting imagery.
An advanced version of the Second Embodiment has both GMT and GPS receivers, and incorporates a list of locations and a processor which enables them to annotate alphanumeric text instead of geographical coordinates for location. It can include a processor which takes the GPS data and interprets it to the closest location in a list, thereby annotating a country/city/street or landmark designation rather than geographical coordinates onto the image.
A Third Embodiment (not shown) provides for secure transmission of imagery over the internet or other network. The sender submits his personal ID, the ID of the intended recipient and the image to be transmitted. The system encodes his ID and that of the recipient and may also encode the date and time and ID of the transmitting node into an Encoded Data Array. It scrambles the image using a scrambling algorithm key comprised of the sender ID, recipient ID, date and time. It then superimposes the Encoded Data Array and transmits the Resultant. At the receiving end, the system sorts incoming messages by searching for the ID of each possible recipient, addressing each message to the recipient whose ID produces an FCA. The recipient considers all those senders whose ID code it knows and whose transmissions it wishes to receive. It generates the set of Encoded Data Arrays corresponding to those personal IDs and tests them against the received Resultant. If there is a match evidenced by an FCA, it then descrambles the image, using the transmitted date and time to complete the key. If the exact time is unknown, it exhaustively considers various times, testing each for an FCA against the Resultant.
A Fourth Embodiment is an evidentiary imaging system with provision for determining that a given image was in fact produced by a particular camera at a particular location and time, and that the image has not been altered. Each data item: camera ID, location, date, and time can be separately confirmed by a search for an FCA when the encoding of that data item is flash correlated against the Resultant Image. For the image to be authentic and not altered, the Resultant Image and each of the Encoded Data Arrays is divided into cells, and each pair of corresponding cells is flash correlated. A perfect or at least strong FCA, depending upon the level of system noise to be tolerated, must occur for each cell. Multiple iterative tests can be performed by varying the FCA parameters, in particular the angle of rotation between the encoding image and the Resultant image. Since flash correlation is a sampling technique, use of a range of parameters for testing authenticity helps to defeat adversaries who would attempt to make minor pixel-by-pixel modifications to an encoded image, hoping that their minor modifications would not be significant enough to be discovered.
Other embodiments of the EIS will include those listed above as applications.
While the invention has been described in terms of a single preferred embodiment, those skilled in the art will recognize that the invention can be practiced with modification within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
Patent Citations
Non-Patent Citations
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Save Money on Your Postage With a Franking Machine
DM50 SMART Franking Machine
If you have a small to medium sized business, you need to try our DM50 FREE today! The Pitney Bowes DM50 small office franking machine is the perfect franking machine for any small office sending up to 30 letters or parcels per day.
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- Overview
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Mail being sent abroad can be sent in the same way as UK mail. Please remember, if you are sending parcels you need to mark them as such and add an Air Mail sticker (available free from the Post Office) and a Customs Declaration form if the item is being sent outside the E.U. (again - available from the Post Office free of charge).
How do I frank Parcels
The DM50 small office franking machine will print directly onto envelopes or you can print onto franking labels available from Pitney Bowes direct. Simply print the label and stick onto your parcel or packet.
How do I post parcels?
You will need to deliver these to your local Post Office. The Post Office will provide colour coded bags (free of charge for 1st Class, 2nd Class and International mail) to place your parcels and mail into. Most Post Offices have an area where you can deposit these without having to queue. Please check with your local Post Office for further details.
I have Recorded/Special Delivery mail - do I have to take this to the Post Office?
Yes - you will have to hand these over to the counter staff at your local Post Office as they have to log receipt of the item/s for you.
What time can I download postage to my DM50?
Our data centre is open 6 days a week between 7.00am and 8.00pm.
What happens if I make a mistake - can I get my postage back?
Yes. Don't post the item. Remove the contents and start again with a new envelope. Send any unused prints to Royal Mail and as long as the total claim is for at least £10.00 and all the impressions are clear and readable and made within six months of the date, you will get a refund.
Please send the full envelope bearing the unused impression to:
Royal Mail Franking
Stone Hill Road
Or call Royal Mail on 08457 740740
You will get a cheque refund for the value of the unused impressions minus a 15% administration fee charge.
Why our customers love the DM50!
"In just one day the machine has reversed a lifetime of inefficient postal practice. The mail gets sorted fast, correct postage, instantly calculated and with the customer next day."
J. Terence D. Webber, Managing Director - H Webber & Sons Ltd
"You promised me that this machine would save a lot of time – you were certainly right. As a busy working mother working from home 6 miles away from the nearest post office, I can only say your insight into my postal needs was spot on!"
Angela Henderson - ABC Health Guides
"...with only three people in the company, a trip to the post office every day takes a lot of time when you have to respond to customers quickly..."
Ken Buckwell, Office Manager – The Great Dane Limited


text: Thanks! I decided to go on a short a few day road trip( by car) with my shen hao and thinking of shooting handheld with a 6x7 120 film back without a tripod. (will use a tripod with 4x5 film) I'm not sure if it would work...Are there any good/cheap 6x7 optical viewfinder for this purpose? Am I able to take the same frame as I see through the viewfinder?