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Nonparametric Functional Data Analysis
Theory and Practice
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moreModern apparatuses allow us to collect samples of functional data, mainly curves but also images. On the other hand, nonparametric statistics produces useful tools for standard data exploration. This book links these two fields of modern statistics by explaining how functional data can be studied through parameter-free statistical ideas. This book starts from theoretical foundations including functional nonparametric modeling, description of the mathematical framework, construction of the statistical methods, and statements of their asymptotic behaviors. It proceeds to computational issues including R and S-PLUS routines. Several functional datasets in chemometrics, econometrics, and pattern recognition are used to emphasize the wide scope of nonparametric functional data analysis in applied sciences. The companion Web site includes R and S-PLUS routines, command lines for reproducing examples presented in the book, and the functional datasets. Rather than set application against theory, this book is really an interface of these two features of statistics. A special effort has been made in writing this book to accommodate several levels of reading. less
Springer; November 2006
275 pages; ISBN 9780387366203
Read online, or download in secure PDF format
Title: Nonparametric Functional Data Analysis
Author: Frédéric Ferraty; Philippe Vieu
275 pages; ISBN 9780387366203
Read online, or download in secure PDF format
Title: Nonparametric Functional Data Analysis
Author: Frédéric Ferraty; Philippe Vieu
Buy, download and read Nonparametric Functional Data Analysis (eBook) by Frédéric Ferraty; Philippe Vieu today!
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A method and apparatus for removing minute particles from a surface of a sample are provided that prevent redeposition of the particles onto the surface. By combining thermophoresis with laser assisted particle removal (LAPR), the methods and apparatus remove minute particles (for example, micrometer and nanometer sizes) and assure that they will not redeposit.
1. Apparatus for removing one or more particle(s) adhered to a surface of a sample, comprising:
means for arranging an energy transfer medium under and around the one or more particle(s);
means for irradiating the one or more particle(s), the surface, the sample and/or the energy transfer medium with laser energy to absorb sufficient energy in the one or more particle(s), the surface, the sample and/or the energy transfer medium to dislodge the one or more particle(s); and
means for creating a temperature gradient separate from the means for irradiating, wherein the temperature gradient is perpendicular to and extending along substantially the entire surface, wherein the temperature gradient decreases in temperature as a distance from the surface increases sufficient to prevent the one or more particle(s) from redepositing on the surface, the means for creating a temperature gradient comprising a first plate adjacent to the sample having a temperature controlled by at least one temperature control unit, and a second plate positioned a predetermined distance from the sample having a temperature controlled by the at least one temperature control unit and configured to work in cooperation with the at least one temperature control unit and the first plate to create the temperature gradient.
2. Apparatus for removing one or more particle(s) adhered to a surface of a sample, comprising:
a support configured to support one or more particle(s)/sample and/or energy transfer medium combination;
a laser configured to irradiate the one or more particle(s)/sample and/or energy transfer medium combination with laser energy; and
at least one temperature control unit configured to create a temperature gradient perpendicular to and extending along substantially the entire surface sufficient to prevent a particle dislodged from the surface of the sample from redepositing on the surface, wherein the at least one temperature control unit controls the temperature gradient, wherein the temperature gradient decreases in temperature as a distance from the surface increases, wherein a plate having a temperature controlled by the at least one temperature control unit is positioned a predetermined distance from the support and the apparatus further comprises a second temperature control unit and a second plate that is adjacent to the sample and coupled together and configured to work in cooperation with the at least one temperature control unit to create a temperature gradient perpendicular to and extending along the surface lengthwise sufficient to prevent a particle dislodged from the surface of the sample from redepositing on the surface.
3. The apparatus according to
4. The apparatus according to
5. The apparatus according to
This application is a Continuation of prior application No. 09/909,992, filed Jul. 23, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,805,751, which is hereby incorporated by reference.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for removing minute particles from a surface. More particularly, the invention relates to a method and apparatus for removing minute particles from a surface using thermophoresis to prevent particle redeposition.
2. Background of the Related Art
Particle contamination of surfaces is a concern in many areas of technology. Two areas where such contamination can be a very significant problem are optics, particularly those with critical optical surfaces, and electronic device fabrication. The effect of contaminants on critical optical surfaces (coated or uncoated, dielectric or metal), for example in high power laser optics, can lead to increased optical absorption and a decreased laser damage threshold. As minute particles contaminate optical surfaces, they can serve as sinks for optical power incident on the optical surfaces and thus produce localized heating and possible damage. Large telescope mirrors, and space optics are other applications which require highly decontaminated critical optical surfaces.
In the electronics industry, particle contamination is an important factor in the manufacture of high density integrated circuits. Even in relatively conventional technology using micron or larger circuit patterns, submicron size particle contamination can be a problem. Today the technology is progressing into submicron pattern sizes, and particle contamination is even more of a problem. For device fabrication, particles serve as "killer defects" for only the device that is particle contaminated. The term "device" includes electronic devices, including masks/reticles, optical devices, medical devices, and other devices where particle removal could be advantageous. A particle contaminated mask/reticle prints every device with a defect. At the shorter wavelengths being developed for the next generation of lithography, materials for a protective pellicle for the mask are not available, making particle removal techniques an essential technology in the future. Contaminant particles larger than roughly 10% of the pattern size can create damage, such as pinholes, which interfere with fabrication processes (such as etching, deposition and the like), and defects of that size are a sufficiently significant proportion of the overall pattern size to result in rejected devices and reduced yield. As an example, it has been found that the minimum particle size which must be removed in order to achieve adequate yield in a one Megabit chip (which has a pattern size of one micron) is about 0.1 microns.
Filtration (of air and liquid), particle detection, and contaminant removal are known techniques used in contamination control technology in order to address the problems outlined above. For example, semiconductor fabrication is often conducted in clean rooms in which the air is highly filtered, the rooms are positively pressurized, and the personnel allowed into the room are decontaminated and specially garbed before entry is allowed. In spite of that, the manufactured devices can become contaminated, not only by contaminants carried in the air, but also by contaminants created by the processes used to fabricate the devices.
Removal techniques for contaminants should provide sufficient driving force for removal but without destroying the substrate. Moreover, acceptable removal techniques should provide a minimum level of cleanliness in a reliable fashion. As the particle size decreases, the particle weight becomes less significant as compared to other adhesive forces binding the particle to the surface which it contaminates. Removal of such small particles can potentially damage the substrate.
In general, it has been found that submicron particles are the most difficult to remove. Many of the processes developed to clean integrated circuits, such as ultrasonic agitation, are not effective for micron and submicron particles and indeed, sometimes add contaminants to the substrate.
Laser assisted particle removal has been described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,987,286 issued to Susan D. Allen on Jan. 22, 1991, which is hereby incorporated by reference. U.S. Pat. No. 4,987,286 discloses a method and apparatus for removing minute particles from a surface to which they are adhered using laser technology, and further teaches the use of an energy transfer medium to effect efficient laser assisted particle removal (LAPR). As shown in
Another particle removal technique has been to direct the laser energy into the substrate. The laser heated substrate then transfers energy into the energy transfer medium via conduction causing explosive evaporation sufficient to remove the particle from the surface of the substrate. The laser energy can also be directed into the particle(s) to be removed.
Both direct absorption by the energy transfer medium, and substrate and/or particle(s) absorption with subsequent heating of the energy transfer medium can result in efficient LAPR. However, advances in technology have decreased the critical dimensions of various devices, such as, for example, magnetic hard drives, semiconductor devices, masks to make semiconductor devices, etc., and have also increased the surface quality specifications for devices such as large telescope mirrors, space optics, high power laser optics, etc. Therefore, the ability to remove particulate contamination in a noncontact clean fashion becomes ever more important.
One of the challenges of LAPR and other particle removal methods is keeping the particles from redepositing on the surfaces, particularly for very small particles that are not significantly affected by gravity. Several options are available for preventing removed minute particles from redepositing on the cleaned surface. For example, when particles are removed in a vacuum, the mean free path of the particle is long enough to keep it from redepositing and a cooled surface can serve as a particle trap. Also, gas jets parallel to the surface can be used to entrain particles and transport them away from the critical surface.
The above references are incorporated by reference herein where appropriate for appropriate teachings of additional or alternative details, features and/or technical background.
An object of the invention is to solve at least the above problems and/or disadvantages and to provide at least the advantages described hereinafter.
The invention provides a novel method and apparatus for removing minute (for example, micrometer and nanometer size) particles from a surface, and preventing their redeposition. By combining thermophoresis with laser assisted particle removal (LAPR), the present method and apparatus removes minute particles and assures that they will not redeposit.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objects and advantages of the invention may be realized and attained as particularly pointed out in the appended claims.
The invention will be described in detail with reference to the following drawings in which like reference numerals refer to like elements wherein:
Co-pending U.S. application Ser. No. 09/909,993, which is hereby incorporated by reference, discusses and proposes methods and apparatus that efficiently remove minute particles from the surface of a substrate. The methods and apparatus according to the invention of Co-pending U.S. application Ser. No. 09/909,993 overcome the shortcomings of the prior art. However, as discussed above, one of the challenges of LAPR and other particle removal methods is keeping the particles from redepositing on the surfaces, particularly for very small (for example, micrometer and nanometer size) particles that are not significantly affected by gravity.
As previously discussed,
An energy transfer medium (ETM) may be interposed under and around the particles 22, such medium being illustrated in the drawing as layer 23, which occupies interstices 24 formed between the adhered particles 22 and the surface 21.
After preparing the surface for cleansing, energy is impinged upon the surface to be cleaned. The energy may be targeted into, that is, at a wavelength which is absorbed by, the particle, the substrate, or the ETM, or some combination thereof.
In the example of
The methods and apparatus according to the invention use thermophoresis to prevent the redeposition of dislodged particles onto the surface of a sample or substrate. It has been known that a temperature gradient in a gas causes small particles suspended in the gas to migrate in the direction of decreasing temperature. This phenomenon is called thermophoresis. The methods and apparatus according to the invention combine thermophoresis with laser assisted particle removal (LAPR) to remove difficult to remove particles from a surface of a sample and to prevent their redeposition.
Thermophoresis was discovered in the steel industry in 1910. A thermal gradient produces a net force on a particle small enough to exhibit Brownian motion toward the colder side of the gradient. This force exists because the hotter gaseous molecules near the surface that is being protected have more kinetic energy to impart to the small particle, tending to force it toward the colder part of the gas.
It has been demonstrated by Lenny Klebanoff, Dan Radar, and Daniel Dedrick at Sandia National Laboratories that a temperature gradient of approximately 15K/cm will prevent approximately 0.2 μm polystyrene particles flowing from a "showerhead" from depositing on a mask surface. This temperature gradient can be produced, for example, by cooling a plate above the surface to be protected, by heating the surface to be protected, or by some combination thereof. Pressures as low as approximately 30 mT can be utilized to create a thermophoretic force.
Experiments were also conducted by Klebanoff et al. for approximately 10K/cm temperature gradients in which a test wafer, protected by thermophoresis, was exposed to class ˜7 million Ar gas at approximately 1 Torr pressure and laden with approximately 0.24 micron diameter particles. Post exposure scans of the wafer indicated particle protection factors in excess of ˜106. The model used by Klebanoff et al. indicated that the technique would work down to approximately 50 nm particles.
Obviously, there is no thermophoresis in vacuum, but there are many processes with particle surface contamination problems that operate in a gaseous environment at atmospheric, low or high pressure. The readily executable redeposition prevention process for use with LAPR according to the invention in atmosphere would be advantageous for many processes, including but not limited to cleaning semiconductor wafers and masks, cleaning high resolution optics such as large telescope mirrors, cleaning critical surfaces in space, cleaning high power laser optics, etc.
Further, temperature control units, such as those shown in
For the purpose of controlling the adsorption and the description of liquid materials such as water, a cooling source 56 is coupled by conduit 57 to the substrate 54. As noted above, the temperature of the substrate 54 may be reduced to enhance water absorption to the surface 55.
An ETM can be applied as a liquid or gas. For the purpose of dosing the surface with a liquid ETM, for example, water or an alcohol/water mixture, a liquid source 60 is provided and is coupled by a dosing tube 61 to the surface 55 of the substrate 54. Liquid supplied by source 60 travels through the dosing tube 61 and is applied to the surface 55 at the appropriate temperature to assure adsorption on the surface and in interstices under and around the contaminant particles. After water dosing, the temperature of the substrate 54 can be maintained by the cooling source 56, such that adsorption of surface water occurs while maintaining water in the interstices under and around the contaminant particles and the surface.
A plate 99A and a corresponding temperature control unit 99 are provided at a predetermined distance from the substrate 54 to create a temperature gradient according to this embodiment of the invention. A laser source 64 is provided with means 66 for steering a laser beam 65, if necessary. Additional beam guiding means can be provided to guide the laser energy to the substrate despite obstacles.
After a sample is prepared for cleaning, the laser source 64 is energized, and outputs pulses of energy in a beam illustrated at 65 to the surface 55. As an alternative, the sample itself can be moved within the chamber 50 to direct the laser beam to the desired area of the surface 55. In any event, the beam 65 is focused on areas of the surface 55 to be cleaned and the laser 64 pulsed to couple adequate energy to the surface 55.
As seen in
The present invention can also be used to form a particle gun, as mentioned briefly above, such as that shown in
The particle gun according to the invention, discussed above and shown in
The particle gun 100 in
The foregoing embodiments and advantages are merely exemplary and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. The present teaching can be readily applied to other types of apparatuses. The description of the present invention is intended to be illustrative, and not to limit the scope of the claims. Many alternatives, modifications, and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. In the claims, means-plus-function clauses are intended to cover the structures described herein as performing the recited function and not only structural equivalents but also equivalent structures.
Patent Citations
Non-Patent Citations
Referenced by
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The GFW School District got a new superintendent this week. GFW High School Principal Jeff Bertrang was officially named GFW Superintendent during the school board meeting in Fairfax this week. He replaces Superintendent Tony Boyer, who resigned due to health issues. Bertrang will take on the additional duties of superintendent for the next 6 months, for an additional pro-rated salary, and will then begin a 3-year superintendent contract on July 1st. He will be paid $105,000 for the first year of the contract, with upcoming years then negotiable. He also has the option to return to his duties as high school principal if he or the GFW School Board should so choose. The advertising for the vacant principal position for next school year will begin in the near future.
New GFW Sup't Named


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High School Journal
DESCRIPTIONThe High School Journal publishes research, scholarship, essays, and reviews that critically examine the broad and complex field of secondary education. Founded in 1918, it is one of the oldest peer-reviewed academic journals in education.The journal is managed by students and faculty in the School of Education at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and is published quarterly by the University of North Carolina Press.
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A spread spectrum clock system (11) modulates the supply voltage for a circuit (10) in concert with the circuit clock frequency (C). The system increases the supply voltage for the circuit (10) in phase with increases in the circuit clock frequency (C). However, in the portion of the clock frequency modulation period in which the clock frequency (C) is decreasing, the system (11) also decreases the supply voltage for the circuit (10). This relationship between the circuit supply voltage and circuit clock frequency (C) may be accomplished by modulating the output (18) of a power supply (15) for the circuit (10) and applying that modulated supply voltage signal through a signal translator (30) to control modulation of a clock source (14).
1. An apparatus for controlling the system supply voltage in a system utilizing a spread spectrum clock signal, the apparatus including:
(a) spread spectrum clock source having a modulation input;
(b) a modulating arrangement including a modulation signal source having an output connected to the modulation input of the spread spectrum clock source, the modulating arrangement applying a first modulation to a clock signal frequency for the system, the first modulation varying the clock signal frequency about a nominal value for the clock signal frequency;
(c) a corresponding modulating arrangement operatively connected to apply a corresponding modulation to a system supply voltage the corresponding modulation varying the system supply voltage about a nominal value for the system supply voltage.
2. The apparatus of
3. The apparatus of
4. The apparatus of
5. A spread spectrum clock system including:
(a) a spread spectrum clock source having a frequency modulation input and providing a clock signal;
(b) a power supply circuit providing a supply voltage output;
(c) a modulating arrangement including modulator connected to provide a modulate reference input to the power supply circuit, the modulating arrangement applying a first modulation to the supply voltage output, the first modulation varying the supply voltage output about a nominal value for the supply voltage output; and
(d) a corresponding modulating arrangement operatively connected to apply the supply voltage output to produce a corresponding modulation in the frequency of the clock signal, the corresponding modulation varying the frequency of the clock signal about a nominal value for the frequency of the clock signal.
6. The apparatus of
(a) a signal translator connected to receive the supply voltage output and provide a translated output to the frequency modulation input of the spread spectrum clock source.
7. The apparatus of
8. A method for providing a spread spectrum clock signal for a circuit, the method including the steps of:
(a) modulating a power supply signal for the circuit at a first modulation to vary the power supply signal about a nominal supply voltage;
(b) conditioning the modulated power supply signal for the circuit to produce a conditioned signal at the first modulation;
(c) applying the conditioned signal to a modulation input of a spread spectrum clock source circuit to modulate the frequency of the clock signal for the circuit at a corresponding modulation to vary the frequency of the clock signal about a nominal clock signal frequency.
9. The method of
(a) modulating a reference voltage input to a power supply for the circuit.
10. The method of
The invention relates to electronic circuits that use high frequency clock signals. More particularly, the invention relates to an apparatus and method for modulating the supply voltage to a circuit along with the clock frequency in a spread spectrum clock arrangement.
The high frequency clock signals used in many electronic circuits generate coincidental electromagnetic fields. These coincidental electromagnetic fields or emissions are known as electromagnetic interference or "EMI. "The energy of EMI emissions from a particular circuit is directly proportional to the frequency of the clock signal used in the circuit.
EMI emissions from electronic devices are regulated by governmental or other agencies to certain maximum allowable limits. Electronic equipment manufacturers must reduce EMI emissions as much as possible in order to maintain these emissions within the allowable limits. For example, electronic circuits may be enclosed in special electrically conductive housings which block or shield EMI emissions from the enclosed circuit. However, as clock frequencies increase, complete EMI shielding becomes more difficult, and EMI emission levels may increase.
Many regulatory EMI limits are set as a maximum average emission energy level over an operating period for the circuit. Reducing clock frequency in a circuit for a portion of an operating period reduces the average energy of EMI emissions over the operating period. Thus, it is sometimes possible to meet regulatory limits for EMI emissions from a particular circuit by modulating the clock frequency in the circuit within a certain range about a centerline or nominal clock frequency. This modulated clock signal frequency in an electronic circuit is commonly referred to as a spread spectrum clock signal.
All processors and other electronic devices that operate under control of a clock signal are limited in the clock frequency they can support, and thus the speed at which they can process data. This operational speed limit is the result of certain critical paths between functional blocks which are clocked by a common clock signal. The maximum time it takes to launch data from one circuit functional block, transmit it to a receiving circuit functional block, and arrive at the receiving circuit functional block prior to the setup time required by the receiving circuit functional block, determines the minimum instantaneous cycle time that may be allowed for a clock signal in an electronic device which includes the two functional blocks. This minimum instantaneous cycle time translates to a maximum clock frequency for the circuit and can never be violated without running the risk that the circuit will produce incorrect results for a given input. Where the clock frequency for a circuit is modulated in a spread spectrum clock arrangement, the modulated frequency must be controlled so that the instantaneous frequency at any given time remains below the maximum allowable clock frequency supported by the circuit.
Minimum cycle time may be improved or reduced in many circuits by increasing the supply voltage in the circuit. Thus, the maximum allowable instantaneous frequency in a spread spectrum clock signal may be increased simply by increasing the supply voltage to the circuit. However, increasing the supply voltage in a circuit will increase power dissipation in the circuit, and the thermal effect of this increased power dissipation may have a detrimental impact on the functionality and reliability of the circuit. Thus, in many systems, increasing supply voltage level is not a viable choice to meet limitations on the maximum instantaneous frequency in a spread spectrum clock system.
It is an object of the invention to provide an apparatus and method for providing a spread spectrum clock signal in a manner which facilitates increased circuit performance.
This object is accomplished by modulating the supply voltage for a circuit in concert or synchronization with the circuit clock frequency. According to the present invention, the supply voltage for a circuit is increased as clock frequency is increased. However, in the portion of the clock frequency modulation cycle in which the clock frequency is decreasing, the supply voltage for the circuit is also decreased. This modulation of the circuit supply voltage level in concert with the system clock frequency provides the reduced EMI emission levels desired in spread spectrum clock arrangements, and simultaneously allows the circuit to function periodically at higher clock frequencies to improve overall system performance.
The relative modulation in circuit supply voltage level and clock frequency according to the invention may be accomplished in a number of different fashions. In one form of the invention a modulator is operatively connected to apply a first modulation to the supply voltage for a circuit. A corresponding modulating arrangement uses the modulated supply voltage signal to control a corresponding modulation in the clock frequency for the circuit. Alternatively, a modulation signal source may be used directly to control both the modulation of the system clock frequency and the circuit supply voltage level. Regardless of the particular circuit structure used to effect the relative supply voltage and clock frequency modulation, the method of the invention includes the steps of modulating one of the circuit supply voltage or the system clock signal frequency at a first modulation frequency and modulating the other one of the supply voltage or clock frequency at a corresponding modulation frequency.
As used in this disclosure and the accompanying claims, a first modulation is a "corresponding modulation" with respect to a second modulation when the peaks of the first modulation waveform coincide at least partially with the peaks of the second modulation waveform. In some preferred forms of the invention, the supply voltage and clock frequency are modulated so that the resulting two modulation waveforms are generally identical. However, the clock frequency modulation need not coincide identically with the supply voltage modulation to provide increased system performance and to fall within the scope of the invention and the accompanying claims. That is, the two modulation waveforms (instantaneous frequency and supply voltage level plotted over time) may be unequal and still provide benefits according to the invention.
These and other objects, advantages, and features of the invention will be apparent from the following description of the preferred embodiments, considered along with the accompanying drawings.
Spread spectrum clock system 11 includes a spread spectrum clock source 14 and a power supply 15. Clock source 14 provides the clock signal for circuit 10, while power supply 15 provides the supply voltage signal Vdd for the circuit. As used in this disclosure and the accompanying claims, "supply voltage signal" refers to the voltage signal supplied to and distributed throughout circuit 10 to provide the electrical energy required to operate the various components of the circuit. Also, "clock signal" refers to the signal comprising a suitable clock waveform which is supplied to circuit 10 and distributed throughout the circuit to clock or coordinate the operation of various components in the circuit.
Power supply 15 is illustrated in
Although the power supply 15 is shown as an operational amplifier in
Spread spectrum clock source 14 shown in
A PLL clock source is shown in
In the preferred form of the invention illustrated in
The operation of the spread spectrum clock system 11 shown in
The step of modulating the frequency of the clock source output at 26 in
For example, assume a 2.5% clock frequency spread spectrum modulation is desired in order to reduce EMI emissions for a particular circuit or system. In this case, a supply voltage modulation peak of only 2.1% over the nominal (center) supply voltage level will support the same performance level as a system without the spread spectrum clock and with the nominal supply voltage. This 2.1% supply voltage modulation peak represents half of the 2.5% peak-to-peak frequency modulation divided by the approximately 0.6% change in the maximum supportable clock frequency per % change in the supply voltage Vdd. The increased performance level in this example is achieved at less than a 0.3% increase in power dissipation. The semiconductor device junction added temperature rise in the circuit would be less than 0.2 degrees Celsius.
It will be noted from
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the triangular supply voltage signal waveform illustrated in
Many different arrangements may be employed to modulate the supply voltage signal in concert with the modulated spread spectrum clock frequency. The arrangements shown in
Furthermore, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the invention is not limited to the method of modulation or modulation introduction into clock source 14 or power supply 15 shown for purposes of example in
The above described preferred embodiments are intended to illustrate the principles of the invention, but not to limit the scope of the invention. Various other embodiments and modifications to these preferred embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the following claims.
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The National Wakeboarding League (NWL) thought that they had found a perfect place to hold their second annual championship in Onondaga Lake, but it seems that the lake was not cut out to host such an event, as the NWL has chosen to move their tournament elsewhere.
Instead of taking place at Onondaga Lake Park, the Wakeboarding Nationals have been moved to Dayton, Ohio to occur August 17 to 19.
Wakeboarding is a water sport in which participants are towed by a boat while on a board similar to a snowboard and attempting to do various tricks using the wake created by the boat that is towing them.
Although the sport is most popular in the southeastern portion of the United States, it is gaining popularity among those seeking a new aquatic thrill.
The officials down in Florida contacted us over this past winter to see if we were interested in holding this event, said Director of Onondaga County Parks Bob Geraci. We were very interested in the opportunity, but it just didn't work out.
The NWL decided to move the event for a variety of reasons, but mostly because of deficiency of registered competitors.
This was the first event of its kind to be held in the northeast, said Geraci. Many people probably didn't want to drive this far, since most of them were coming from southern states.
Even though wakeboarding is most popular in the south, the parks department still expected to draw a few thousand people, mostly due to the fact that it was a free event and that Onondaga Lake Park is generally a busy place.
Another reason for the change of location was the perceived questionable water quality of the lake.
You can't fight perception, remarked Geraci. Even though we had all the facts on our side, you just can't fight how people think of the lake.
(Continued on Next Page)
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Originally written on Razzball | Last updated 11/17/11
On September 22nd, Matt Moore went into Yankee Stadium and delivered a gem — 5 IP, 0 ER, 5 baserunners, 11 Ks. Even though it was against the Yankees B lineup, which was produced and directed by Roger Corman, his lights-out performance in September was exactly what he'd been doing in the minor leagues since 2007. His Triple-A year in 2011 — 1.37 ERA, 13+ K/9 in 52 2/3 IP. His Double-A stats in 2011 — 2.20 ERA, 11+ K/9 in 102 1/3 IP. Together, 1.92 ERA and 12+ K/9 in 155 innings. Those are Bugs Bunny numbers, and if anyone knows what "Bugs Bunny numbers" means, like Alfred E. Neuman, I'm all ears. Jay-Z would say hitters going against Moore have bunny ears. On Stephen's top 50 fantasy baseball prospects for 2012, he listed Moore as number one. (I'd put Mike Trout there, but c'est la whatever.) So what can we expect of Matt Moore in 2012 fantasy baseball? Nothing until June 1st. If the Rays weren't cheap, they'd have no adjective. Maybe the Rays can raise some money for Moore
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Tequila Mockingbird is the ultimate cocktail book for the literary obsessed and the rest of us who desperately want a drink any time the conversation turns to books. Recipes like Romeo and Julep, A Rum of One's Own, Are You There, God? It's Me, Margarita give you a taste of what's inside.
Rogue Brewery makes beers that taste good and Sriracha makes everything taste good, so it's safe to say that if you're down for good beer & the rooster, you'll be all over Rogue's Sriracha Hot Stout. Question is, what will you drink to cool your mouth down?
The Tequila Advent Calendar gives you 24 reasons to look forward to Christmas. Behind each window is a 3cl sample of holiday cheer from a variety of leading and artisanal tequila producers.
If by some odd twist of geographic bad luck you end up somewhere far from a quality coffee shop, this travel kit from San Francisco's Blue Bottle coffee & Timbuk2 will keep you caffeinated. The kit includes a stainless steel grinder, dripper, filters, Falcon Enamelware tumblers, a sample bag of Three Africans drip blend and a pair of felt zarfs. If you need to, look up zarf, bro.
Whiskey Elements let you add flavor and aroma to your whiskey in 24-hours. Made with no flavor additives or chemicals, these sticks of wood create flavors like oaky, vanilla, maple, smokey, & peaty turning your run-of-the-mill whiskey into something worth drinking. Just drop one in the bottle.
90s nostalgia is obviously here. Otherwise Surge Soda wouldn't be back, but it is. Coca-Cola has revived the short-lived citrus soda, once marketed as "Mountain Dew Killer", and it's now available exclusively through Amazon.
Replacing the muddled Mojito of yore, the Moscow Mule is everyone's latest cocktail obsession. And this set from Broquet gives you everything you need (minus the liquor) to make them at home. The set includes a stainless steel jigger & shaker, gourmet ginger syrup, and a pair of the requisite copper mugs to make it authentic.
Master bartender and blogger Jeffrey Morgenthaler says bartending is not an art but rather a craft. He believes that making a better tasting, better looking cocktail comes down to technique and knowledge. In this comprehensive guide to cocktail craft, he breaks it all down from ingredients to methods.
Sorry, the Craft Brewer system from BKON does not make craft beer in 60-seconds. It actually makes tea, coffee, and even cocktails using Reverse Atmospheric Infusion to extract complex flavors from your favorite coffees, teas, & fruits, delivering a high-tech yet somehow "crafted" beverage in just 1 minute. Albeit, a very expensive 1 minute.
Heads up whisky geeks. These first 3 blended whiskys will not only please your palette, they'll help you develop it. New Reference Series whiskys are made available to you as they're created, allowing you to taste and test various flavors, recipes and distilling processes toward a better understanding of what your whisky is all about.


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Indiana stays No. 1 in AP Top 25, Gonzaga No. 2
Updated: February 25, 2013, 7:39 PM ETAssociated Press
SPOKANE, Wash. -- Gonzaga has been in 14 NCAA tournaments, five of which ended with an appearance in the Round of 16. But no Gonzaga team has ever before been ranked No. 2 in The Associated Press' Top 25, as the Zags were Monday.
Indiana remained No. 1 for the fourth straight week. Meanwhile, the little school from Spokane with the funny name moved up one spot to its highest ranking ever, surpassing the No. 3 position it enjoyed last week and for the final two weeks of 2003-04.
"It's ...
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Tag: Quebec
13 story timber tower to be built in Quebec City, will be tallest in North America
The plyscraper era has begun as Cross Laminated Timber towers start popping up everywhere.
Summer cottage is prefabbed out of cross-laminated timber
In a country covered in wood, by a lake far from construction workers, it makes so much sense.
Midcentury church in Quebec is converted to a library
Dan Hanganu mixes the modern with the even more modern, totally respectful of the original.
Check this map to see if you live near Enbridge's controversial Line 9 oil pipeline
Experts have predicted a "high risk" of rupture on this aging oil pipeline that has recently been approved to bring Alberta tar sands crude to Eastern Canada.
Stair of the Week: Saucier + Perrotte architectes at John Abbott College
Stairs are coming out of the closet and becoming the major architectural element, helping keep people active and healthy.
Inferno: 10-minute video from a lucky survivor of Lac Megantic's catastrophe
This 10-minute video was shot by a man who was supposed to be at the MusiCafé bar that was engulfed by flames on july 6.
Canadian train explosion rekindles oil pipeline versus train debate
As firefighters continue to fight the blaze, the explosion has already rekindled the debate over transporting oil by rail or by pipeline. Here's a review of the cause of the debate and why there's no easy solution, but definitely room to improve.
UPDATE: Runaway oil train explodes in Canadian town, 47 dead (VIDEOS)
A 73-car train transporting crude oil derailed and exploded Saturday, killing at least 13 people in Quebec.
Quebec's C$30 million "Strategic Maple Syrup Reserve" Stolen By Saps
Who knew such a thing existed, but the theft could create real problems
Victoire In Drummondville, Quebec: Front Yard Garden Gets To Stay
We previously wrote "City of Drummondville, Quebec Says "Rip Out This Garden". Now, in the face of worldwide condemnation, they have backed down
Plastic Bag Use Cut by 50%+ Two Years Ahead of Schedule in Québec
In 2008, the government of Québec set the goal of reducing by 50% the use of plastic bags in the province by 2012. Looks like that wasn't ambitious enough.
City of Drummondville, Quebec Says "Rip Out This Garden"
City says front yards should be grass, not vegetables, and is planning to ban them all.
Government of Quebec Gives $58 Million To Reopen Closed Asbestos Mine
Why would they subsidize the production of a killer that nobody wants?
London's Chelsea Fringe is a Quirky Bouquet of Horticultural Happenings
A new garden upstart, the Chelsea Fringe, is popping up all over.
Timberblock Framing Is A Strange Hybrid of Wood and Foam
Getting decent insulation ratings with the look of logs comes at a price.
Shopping Malls Changing or Closing Because "The World Is Awash In Stuff"
Former shopping malls are being converted to other uses or even demolished and replaced with housing. It's about time.
Quebec to Offer Up to $8000 in Rebates for Electric Cars
Images: Michael Graham Richard (left) and Wikipedia, public domain (right).Starting in January 2012The prime minister of Québec, Jean Charest, has unveiled his incentive plan for electric vehicles yesterday. Rebates of up to C$8000 will be offered on
Salvaged Tree Trunks Transformed Into Unusual Tables
There´s a lot of wood furniture around these days that´s parading as green: the wood always seems to come from sustainable forests, which can be dubious. I´ve written about some recent products that do a lot to evoke


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in need of ur wisdom
Hi faithnhope42. I can't give you much information, but I can relate a little bit. Tomorrow I'll be 22 weeks along in my pregnancy with fraternal twins. We are expecting Baby B to be born with Ds due to prenatal screening results and one marker (hyperechoic bowel). We will be having a fetal echo to check his heart on Dec. 18. I do have a friend who is also carrying identical twins and a few soft markers for Ds have been found in one of the twins. When I asked her about it being identical twins, so shouldn't they either both have these things or neither, she said her doctor said it all depends on at what point the egg split, so I guess it is possible based on what I heard, but it really isn't a good medical opinion since it's third hand! That is good that your doctor doesn't think your baby has it. Did he explain why? Did you do any of the prenatal screening? Are you considering an amnio at this point? You definitely came to the right place. There are many moms on here with a lot more experience and insight than I have. Oh, I don't think being 29 puts you at a very high risk in and of itself. Good luck and keep asking questions!
Twins DD (2 lbs. 10 oz., severe IUGR) & DS (4 lbs. 15 oz.) 2/09 - at 32 weeks (after 17 weeks of bed rest)
Duodenal atresia is the marker our baby had when our perinatologist told us that he strongly suspected that she had DS (he thought she had heart probs too but couldn't see her heart very clearly). That said, the surgeon who did our daughter's stomach surgery has a son who had the same surgery as an infant. So, it is possible that your baby just has DA and short femurs! Of course, the only way to know for sure, prenatally, is an amnio.
Regarding short femurs - our nephew has short femurs - both prenatally and now. There was concern and my SIL was actually referred to a high risk OB. However, he does not have DS - just short femurs.
I know it's so hard to not have the answers! I remember well, now over six years ago, not knowing, making the decision to have the amnio, and then waiting for the results. I share with people though that if I had known then what I know now, I wouldn't have cried the river of tears I cried! Our daughter is a precious blessing in our lives and I am so thankful for her (she'll be six next month).
Blessings to you,
Wow. If they're identical twins (not fraternal), the chance of one having Down syndrome and the other not having it is very slim. But I'm glad you found us here. Congrats on your twins! What an exciting time. And congrats on making it past 30w.
My little Micah had duodenal atresia too. I'm surprised that your peri didn't notice it until your latest u/s. When was your previous u/s? Micah's "double bubble" was first seen at 17w and confirmed as duodenal atresia at 21w. Duodenal atresia is considered a "strong marker," but a short femur is not (I'm pretty sure it's a "soft marker").
Whether or not your daughter has Down syndrome, please feel free to send me messages with questions about the duodenal atresia. Even if born at full term, your baby will spend a couple of weeks in the NICU. There are a few things I wish I had done during that time and I'd be happy to share.
Jennie, mommy to Nathan (3yrs), Micah (11mos), and baby boy #3 due 2/2/09
Jennie, mommy to Nathan (9/26/05), Micah (T21, 1/5/08), and Matthew (2/3/09)
Congratulations on your pregnancy. I don't have personal experience with this and hope that you will be able to get more information from this board and at your next ultrasound. Please keep us posted and we look forward to hearing of the arrival of your baby girls!
Mom to Jenna (6), Tanner (5), Parker (3) and Brennan (1) T21
I don't know much about the stomach issues but I do wish you luck - keep us updated!
Nancy, mom of 4 girls
free pregnancy book; free booklet for friends & relatives
Loving my Hazelnut born at home 10/2010
Juicy Couture (T21) 09/2012
Tru-Bru born at home 11/2014


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What is the uptake of ebooks in South African Schools?
Monday, February 4th, 2013 | Blogging, e-Learning pioneers, technology | Comments Off
Ask this question to different people and you will get different responses:
Vendors of tablets may point to some schools where ebooks are already in use and argue that they are a reality in many schools and that other schools are catching on at lightning speed.
Education departments, in general, have little to say about this topic.
Only a small percentage of teachers want to see ebooks in their classrooms … the majority will hang onto printed ones for as long as they can.
So, what is the real uptake of ebooks in South African schools? The folks that know best are the book publishers. They should be able to tell us how ebook distribution compares with that of printed textbooks.
The biggest supplier of textbooks to schools in South Africa reckons that "SA schools [are] still slow to catch on with ebooks".
Computers are so … last year!
Saturday, October 2nd, 2010 | Computer Usage | 9 Comments
The rapid progression of technology was brought home to me when I read the following on a blog posting about free e-books this morning:
These books can be downloaded in multiple digital formats, including sometimes ePub and Kindle formats. This gives you the ability to read the works on the Kindle, iPad and other mainstream e-book readers. But the old fashioned computer will also do the job.
The part that jolted me was the implication of the last sentence!.
The days of viewing computers as high-tech are over! Portable devices are now the rage and many of them are as powerful – or even more powerful – than a PC or laptop. Some of them serve a specialised purpose such as e-readers; others are versatile, combining a cell phone, camera and all the normal computer functionality in one device.
Scores of learners on the African continent are walking with cell phones in their bags and the number of things they can do with them increase by the day. Sadly, many of their teachers are still in the BC (before computers) era, and some of them have started just recently using old-fashioned computers.
Teachers … do you read a lesson in this?
e-mail, e-book, e-learning …. e- pioneer
Wednesday, February 24th, 2010 | e-Learning pioneers | 4 Comments
What is the correct way to refer to electronic mail in writing? Is it eMail, email, e-mail or electronic mail?
It seems as if most dictionaries, publishers and writers have standardized on e-mail. The same is true of e-book, e-learning, e-literate, e-commerce and any other e-thingy.
Don't forget the hyphen (-). Get into the habit of using it when you write reports or e-mails.
Dear John,
Thank you for your prompt response to my e-mail …
In view of this convention in writing, I believe it will be in order to talk about an e-pioneer – using the term e-learning pioneer seems so long-winded. And perhaps e-pioneer is a more apt term to describe those people who go into schools to encourage the use of digital resources, including e-books and e-mail – their work is not only about e-learning.
Viva, all e-pioneers.


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Stream it now
The Untouchables 1987
Federal Agent Eliot Ness sets out to stop Al Capone; because of rampant corruption, he assembles a small, hand-picked team...
- Release Date:
- June 3, 1987
- Duration:
- 119 min
- Director:
- Brian De Palma
- Cast:
- Clifton James, Billy Drago, Robert De Niro, Don Harvey, Brad Sullivan, Sean Connery, Michael P. Byrne, Chelcie Ross, Will Zahrn, Kevin Costner, Patricia Clarkson, Charles Martin Smith, Robert Miranda, Vince Viverito, Tim Gamble, Andy Garcia, Mike Bacarella, Richard Bradford, Larry Brandenburg, Clem Caserta, Steven Goldstein, Vito D'Ambrosio, Patricia E. Harrington, Del Close, Kevin Michael Doyle, Jack Kehoe, Peter Aylward, Robert Swan, John J. Walsh, Colleen Bade, Greg Noonan, Sean Grennan, Larry Viverito Sr., Kaitlin Montgomery, Aditra Kohl, Charles Keller Watson, Sam Smiley, Pat Billingsley, John Bracci, Jennifer Anglin, Eddie Minasian, Anthony Mockus Sr., Louie Lanciloti, Valentino Cimo, Joe Greco, Bob Martana, Joseph Scianablo, George S. Spataro, Melody Rae, James Guthrie, Basil Reale, John Barrowman, Jimmy Borto, Stephen Burrows, Ernest Capponi, Jack Fitzstephens, Robert Minkoff ...
- Country:
- Language:
- English
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Well....haven't written in a while....then again all I've been seeing is shitty movies so perhaps I may be forgiven. Today's review will be of the least shitty one I saw...although still wallowing in shit. I am really surprised at how many people actually like The Untouchables. How can a movie that involves people getting shot in the face and little girls getting blown up by briefcase bombs be so boring? (Although I did think the briefcase bit was priceless). And if I could possibly get past his security forces I would smack Kevin Costner in the face for how terrible he was in this movie. I mean, i can't say I expect a lot from him based on other efforts but this was just terrible...and his wife made me want to projectile vomit. What self respecting person leaves a note in her husband's luch that says "I am very proud of you"? How about "Don't get shot you fucker because if you leave me alone in the 30's with 2 kids I'll reveal all of your homosexual exploits in your obituary."? One thing I actually did find enjoyable about this movie (apart from the exploding girl) was the Canadian mountie bit. They were so damn stupid and trigger happy! Wonderful...I love the crazy laugh the fat captain gives as he fucks up the ambush plan. Maybe some stupid Canadians would have been offended by this moronic portrayal of our Mounted Police but this little Canuck was pleasantly tickled. Hmm...have I left anything negative unsaid? Ah yes, Robert DeNiro...god I hate that fucknut. i don't care who the hell he plays, good guy, bad guy, emu i can't stand to look at his smarmy little face and icky obvious mole. I'm not saying all actors have to be aesthetically pleasing...I'm just saying Robert DeNiro should burn his face off with acid. He's right behind Costner on my smacking list. Something about that guy just pisses me off.
PS. If I sound like a nasty PMS crackwhore in this entry, then fuck off...I had a perfectly acceptable day but then had to return home to my father.
PSS. If I spelled words wrong: fuck off
...and keep churnin' the erotic thrillers, Brian De Palma!! Don't get me wrong, The Untouchables wasn't bad but the movie was an uninspired work, if you ask me, and uninvolving compared to his other movies like Carrie, Blow Out, Dressed to Kill, Femme Fatale or even Body Double and Snake Eyes. The characters are one dimensional and even Al Capone, played by Robert De Niro, was not menacing and intimidating to me.
Funny, I had to give them all the same rating. They were all really good, but none of these quite deserved a 10/10 rating.
Scarface lost the point because it was too 80s. Carlito's Way lost the point because it was too predictable (as soon as I saw that Benny kid for the first time, I knew what was going to happen in the end) and Untouchables was just not quite that good.
That's it for now. I'm not much of a reviewer, plus I just don't have the time.
the more i watch this, the more i love it. by far my favorite De Palma film. De Niro is great and so is Connery. with a plethera of great scenes it adds up to be a great movie. plus it has one of the best scores ever. "if he pulls a knife, you pull a gun. he sends one of your guys to the hospital, you send one of his to the morgue. that's the chicago way." god this is good stuff.
yay for the untouchables
THE UNTOUCHABLES (blind buy): Surprisingly good. I dug Mamet's screenplay. I realize it has its fair share of detractors, though.
WHAT DREAMS MAY COME: Interesting. Wish I had seen it in its entirety and not broken up by commercials, so I won't apply a numerical rating to it. What I saw: :fresh:
HARRY POTTER AND THE PRISONER OF AZKABAN: Lots of haters for this one. Surprising. Enjoyed it much, much more than the (somewhat dry) first two films, which, though good, tend to drag. My friends seem to lament Cuaron's more liberal cutting of plot points. Didn't bother me a bit-- the visuals compensate for it.
DAWN OF THE DEAD ('78): Another blind buy. Very good, and surprisingly not TOO dated... the biker thing was out of left field, though.
CHEAPER BY THE DOZEN ('03): Watched it with my mom. The type of movie that you want to hate, but it tried so hard to make you like it, you can't help but feel guilty about hating it.
STUCK ON YOU: Pretty funny. Surprisingly sweet. Count me as a Greg Kinnear fan. (Matt Damon's alright, too.)
Still have to get around to watching SCARFACE... got it from Netflix... I'm in a De Palma-type mood, so I'll probably watch it tomorrow.
My all-time favorite movie. An absolute classic! Can't say enough
Comments pending.
I think this movie was the first gangster movie I ever watched and what a movie to start with!
This movie if fun and is based on some real facts about Al Capone (not all real facts, just some).
I loved watching this movie up to the part where whats-his-name wouldn't die even though his body was being pumped full of machine gun bullets, that scene was just a little bit too unbelievable.
But the story is clever even though it's not entirely original and it is a must see for all gangster movie lovers.


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Circle of SALVATOR ROSA (Italian, 1615-1673). Landscape with Figures (The Commission of St. Peter). Oil on canvas . ...
2010 November Dallas Signature Fine American & European Art Auction #5057
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Heritage Auctions - Design District Annex
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|Printable auction results for all items in the 2010 November Dallas Signature Fine American & European Art Auction.
Landscape with Figures (The Commission of St. Peter)
Oil on canvas
36-1/2 x 37-1/2 inches (92.7 x 95.3 cm)
Dr. Sanford;
American Art Association, Anderson Galleries, New York, sale #3961, lot 62 (label verso indicating Sanford as owner at time of the auction);
Private collection, California.
Condition Report*:Wax relined canvas. Framed to an overall size of 42.5 x 41.5 inches. Scattered strenthening of different vintages both under and over an older varnish, and appears to be largely overpaint rather than inpaint of any losses. Paint film is in excellent stable condition.
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Showing 50-75 of 145 results
MXR M69 Prime Distortion$79.004 stars
A lot of pedal for not much cash - it could make a worthy addition ...
Free The Tone HB-2 Heat Blaster4.5 stars
A superb, fat rock distortion with edge to cut through in real-life playing.
Fender Distort Pedal$99.003.5 stars
Decent distortion at a good price but be wary of the tone knob.
Dunlop Fuzz Face Mini FFM2 Germanium$170.004 stars
Dunlop Fuzz Face Mini FFM1 Silicon$170.004 stars
Classic design, worthy update. Best of all, you can fit one on your pedalboard!
Crazy Tube Circuits Starlight$225.004.5 stars
Roland GR-D V-Guitar Distortion$418.004 stars
Boss DA-2 Adaptive Distortion$210.504 stars
Joyo US Dream$60.005 stars
Rotosound RFB1 1960s Fuzz Pedal Reissue$379.004 stars
Bogner Uberschall pedal$299.003.5 stars
Dr Green The Black Death4.5 stars
Bogner Ecstasy Blue pedal$349.004.5 stars
An amazing pedal from one of the greatest amp designers in the world – not ...
Electro-Harmonix Deluxe Bass Big Muff Pi$153.004.5 stars
Bogner Ecstasy Red pedal$349.004.5 stars
Dr Green The Hairy Tongue4 stars
Majik Box Krush Distortion$229.994 stars
Joyo British Sound$42.994 stars
T-Rex Mean Machine double distortion$379.994.5 stars
TC Electronic Röttweiler$177.004.5 stars
Pedal to the metal? This one takes you straight there. It barks and it bites.
MXR SF01 Slash Octave Fuzz$239.004 stars
Fuzz plus octaves up and down: this stomper can cover a vast array of sounds ...
JAM Red Muck4 stars
MXR M84 Bass Fuzz Deluxe$219.994.5 stars
EC Custom The Mystical Sustainer5 stars
A fantastically clever little pedal that covers a lot of ground.
Red Witch Ivy Distortion4 stars
Watch your amp EQ and bring in some other pedals, and you may well find ...
Akai Drive3 Distortion$279.004 stars
Akai Drive3 Fuzz$279.004 stars
With a versatile range of fuzz tones, this is not a million miles from a ...
Stone Deaf PDF-14.5 stars
D*A*M Meathead M-254 stars
Blackstar HT-METAL$319.995 stars
Truly one of the finest distortion pedals we've ever stepped on.


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Distinction Fox Glacier is a purpose built 20-room property located on State Highway 6, 100 metres from the centre of the township of Fox Glacier.
The rooms are 20.6 sq metres with generous 7 sq. metre en suites with separate bath...
more info >


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29 CFR 1926.106 - Working over or near water.
(a) Employees working over or near water, where the danger of drowning exists, shall be provided with U.S. Coast Guard-approved life jacket or buoyant work vests.
(b) Prior to and after each use, the buoyant work vests or life preservers shall be inspected for defects which would alter their strength or buoyancy. Defective units shall not be used.
(c) Ring buoys with at least 90 feet of line shall be provided and readily available for emergency rescue operations. Distance between ring buoys shall not exceed 200 feet.
Title 29 published on 2013-07-01.
The following are only the Rules published in the Federal Register after the published date of Title 29.
For a complete list of all Rules, Proposed Rules, and Notices view the Rulemaking tab.
Title 29 published on 2013-07-01
The following are ALL rules, proposed rules, and notices (chronologically) published in the Federal Register relating to 29 CFR Part 1926 after this date.


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An outbreak of the AIDS virus among injecting drug users in rural Indiana has spread to at least 135 people, and federal officials are warning communities around the country to look out for similar outbreaks.
U.S. Army Reserve Captain establishes HIV/AIDS clinic in his native Uganda.
President Barack Obama lauded "extraordinary" progress towards eradicating HIV/AIDS Monday and promised further U.S. investment to find a cure for the disease.
Preventing HIV like we prevent the flu?


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Date: 1935 ca.
Description: House, cottages and property of Mrs. J.J. Fisher overlooking Lake Superior.
Date: 1956 ca.
Description: This map is intended for tourists of La Crosse. The front of the map is text about attractions, activities, and accommodations in La Crosse. The back is th...
Description: View down a street between high-rise buildings in the Board of Trade District.
Description: Unknown group of three men looking over a pamphlet at Highlander Folk School.
Date: date unknown
Description: Two men loading boxes of batteries onto railroad cars with a conveyor belt. French Battery later became Ray-O-Vac Corporation.
Description: A group of girls playing jacks on a city sidewalk. All the girls are wearing dresses, and two infants are present, one in a carriage and one in the lap of...
Date: 1902-02-10
Description: View across field towards the Wendorf farm during winter time.
Description: Exterior view from Langdon Street of main entrance of Memorial Union on the University of Wisconsin-Madison campus. The inscription on the wall in front of...
Date: 1944-10-29
Description: Robert Doyle stands with one foot resting on a railroad track on the border between Germany and Belgium. A sign on the right reads "Entering Germany." Behi...
Date: 1943-11-21
Description: Major Arthur L. Post of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, was shot down on June 20th, 1943 and rescued on September 28th, 1943 after 101 days in the jungle. Here he is...
Date: 1969-11-16
Description: Architectural box motif around air conditioners, created by James Potter, on the Doty Street side of the Beavers Insurance Building, 119 Monona Avenue (Mar...
Date: 1934-08-09
Description: Portrait of Erwin Alfonsus, University of Wisconsin entomology department's "bee man," with hand covered with bees. There are beehives in the background.
Date: 1948-01-11
Description: The remains of the boiler tank of the Milwaukee Road railroad engine of the Portage to Madison passenger train, which exploded and derailed south of Arling...
Description: A candid portrait of Beatrice (Bea) and Carson Gulley together at a park.
Description: View across yard of group of eight people posed in front of a log house. On the left two young women stand near an older woman, who is sitting in a chair....
Description: A view of a large two-story boarding house in a company town of Pepperell Manufacturing Company. There are several large trees in front of the building, wh...
Description: Winter scene down the middle of a road with two boys standing in the snow. The road is lined by trees laden with ice.
Date: 1952-11-24
Description: A female student holds up "Capitol Times" newspaper of November 24, 1952 announcing University of Wisconsin-Madison's bid for Rose Bowl participation. Othe...
Description: Two women stand on a rustic wooden bridge over a ravine in a wooded area.
Date: 1889
Description: Posed group in field of pitcher, Lewis P. Kirby; catcher, Mike Galvin; and batter, Carl Stevens.
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Labor groups reacted to Senator Gardner's PORTS legislation, which would expand the Taft-Hartley Act.
The first of seven groups will meet early next month to discuss issues surrounding the upcoming peak season.
The Federal Maritime Commission said its detailed monitoring of the Maersk-MSC alliance in the east-west liner trades has "raised no red flags."
International Longshoremen's Association and employers represented by the United States Maritime Alliance will begin full wage scale meetings in mid‐September.
Total shipments and total revenues for third party logistics providers both fell in first quarter 2015 compared to fourth quarter 2014, according to a recent benchmarking report from the Transportation Intermediaries Association.
Daseke, Inc., an open-deck and specialty transportation company, announced it would merge with Charleston, S.C.-based Bulldog Hiway Express.


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Extended Warranty
View Single Post
Gnarly Adventurer
Joined: Nov 2012
Location: Nor-Cal
Oddometer: 172
IF, you are a DIY and can handle the repairs. I would just stash the money and be my own Ins.
IF, you can't handle the repairs, then you should get the warranty. Remember, warranties are not a failsafe.
You need to maintain your bike, with records to keep the warranty valid. You also can't modify it. IE power commander, ETC.
They will decline anything they deem modified, abuse or neglect. I've been a failure analysis inspector for the last 10 years.
Most companies are decent. There are those that won't cover much, but that's all stated in the policy. You'll need to read it, understand it and decide what's right for you. Also understand, they make the decisions, not the repair facility. They tend to drag both feet. They will require you to pay for all teardowns, just in case it's not a covered failure. They're not in business to pay out money. They collect it and control what takes place and what gets replaced. I've seen repairs that get only the basic necessities and reuse other parts that don't make sense. They don't cover any preventative repairs.
They only cover specific items stated in the policy. They take forever to authorize anything and sometime need to send out an inspector (me) to verify the cause of failure, extent of damage and needed repairs. This can double and triple repair times. If you're impatient, don't buy it and always make sure you know your level of coverage, before you pay for it. Brakes and clutches are considered wear items and are not covered.
Look at the exclusion list of parts. Any policy that excludes fasteners are a rip-off, IMO.
View Public Profile
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Soccer: Bentonville Beats Springdale High
Posted: May 18, 2014 at 1:30 a.m.
FAYETTEVILLE -- Bentonville's undefeated season lives on.
How They Scored
Prep Soccer
Bentonville 3, Springdale High 1
First Half
Bentonville — Howard, 26:36
Springdale — Castro, 4:44
Second Half
Bentonville — Estrada, 14:21
Bentonville — McMillon, 6:49
This story is only available from our archives.
« Previous Story
Soccer: Lady Tigers Headed Back To Title Matc...
BENTONVILLE -- Mount St. Mary girls soccer coach Brian Clark added another description to the list of superlat... Read »
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Early Deadlines
Due to early deadlines for the Sunday editions of Northwest Arkansas Newspapers, coverage of the late games in state tournament play are not included in this section. Read »


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Replacement Registration in Iowa
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Iowa - Replacing a Lost Registration - Duplicate IA RegistrationCan't find your IA car registration? Find out how to get a replacement from the Iowa DMV at DMV.org: The IA DMV Made Simple.
Iowa Title Transfers - MVD Titling & Registration Information OnlineIowa procedure for transferring a vehicles title when buying, selling, inheriting or donating a car.
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IA Commercial Drivers Guide To Licensing, Testing, Registration | DMV.orgFind where to take your road test, how to obtain endorsements, apply for, renew or replace your Iowa CDL.
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IA Drivers License Name Change Forms & Guide: The DMV Made SimpleFind out how to change your name on your Iowa Drivers License.


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« Nov. 22 Nov. 24 » Friday, November 23, 2012
Willis says goodbye to Idaho ski area
Nov. 23, 2012 in Nation/World on Page A4 "Die Hard" star Bruce Willis is saying goodbye to a small ski area in Idaho he's owned since the 1990s – by donating it to a nonprofit group. Willis said …
In brief: Garment salesman accused of killings
Nov. 23, 2012 in Nation/World on Page A4 NEW YORK – A garment salesman accused of systematically shooting three shopkeepers to death as they worked alone in their clothing stores was held without bail Thursday. Salvatore Perrone, who …
Vestal: Lawmakers not married to tax pledge
Nov. 23, 2012 in City on Page A5 The no-new-taxes pledge seems to be losing its juice in Congress. Is it losing its juice with our congresswoman? Yes. No. Maybe. 19
System warns educators of dropout risk
Nov. 23, 2012 in City on Page A5 A data system launched this fall in Spokane Public Schools puts each child's academic and behavioral information at educators' fingertips, helping educators address problems at an earlier stage. "At the …
Photo: Going cold turkey
Nov. 23, 2012 in Business on Page A5 Working up an appetite: Tim Diehl, above center, leads his friends Arthur Bates, left, and Hans Harzel, second from left, while dressed as a turkey during the annual Bloomsday Road …
City considering COPS reform
Nov. 23, 2012 in City on Page A5 Spokane's relationship with nonprofit Community Oriented Policing Services was jolted this month as the city considers program changes at the neighborhood centers it funds. COPS board Chairman Jack Brucick sent … 30
Parking enforcement gets new name, duties
Nov. 23, 2012 in City on Page A5 Introducing a kinder, gentler meter maid. Spokane officials on Wednesday announced a rebranding of its parking enforcement division. 49
Jim Kershner's this day in history
Nov. 23, 2012 in City on Page A5 From our archives, 100 years ago Springdale city Marshal Charles E. Bartholomew testified in his own defense at his trial for the murder of saloonkeeper C.H. Gneist. 1
Washington records
Nov. 23, 2012 in City on Page A8 Spokane County Marriage licenses
Idaho records
Nov. 23, 2012 in City on Page A8 For 11-23-2012
In brief: Coeur d'Alene Christmas Parade to start early
Nov. 23, 2012 in City on Page A8 The Christmas Parade in Coeur d'Alene today will start earlier than in previous years. The annual parade will step off at 4:30 p.m. Some publicity materials for the event gave …
City building tsunami-resistant port
Nov. 23, 2012 in Business on Page A8 CRESCENT CITY, Calif. – It doesn't matter if the earth sways in Chile, Alaska or Japan, the formation of the sea floor along the U.S. West Coast generally aims any …
Vietnam veterans reunite decades later at car show
Nov. 23, 2012 in Business on Page A8 A 1967 Ford Fairlane that didn't go anywhere one hot afternoon brought together two Vancouver, Wash., men who hadn't seen each other in 46 years. Mike Woods and Jim Chmielewski …
School owes bank $1.5 million in loans
Nov. 23, 2012 in Business on Page A9 HELENA – A piece of prime Montana development property once deemed the financial solution for a private Christian school has now become a symbol of something altogether different: the state's … 4
Different wolf packs breeding in Oregon
Nov. 23, 2012 in Business on Page A9 PENDLETON, Ore. – Researchers have found that Oregon wolves from different packs are breeding, signaling that necessary genetic interchange is taking place. The Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife discovered … 2
In brief: Kitsap County will drop marijuana possession cases
Nov. 23, 2012 in Business on Page A9 PORT ORCHARD, Wash. – The Kitsap County prosecutor is the latest law official to drop cases against defendants charged solely with marijuana possession. Kitsap County Prosecutor Russ Hauge said he …
GOP may strengthen firewall in Senate
Nov. 23, 2012 in Business on Page A9 OLYMPIA – Republican lawmakers may have a minority in the state Senate, but they also have a chance to expand their influence with the help of two moderate Democrats. Democratic …
Post office testing same-day delivery
Nov. 23, 2012 in Business on Page A10 WASHINGTON – Emboldened by rapid growth in e-commerce shipping, the cash-strapped U.S. Postal Service is moving aggressively this holiday season to start a premium service for the Internet shopper seeking … 1
Facebook proposes to end voting on privacy
Nov. 23, 2012 in Business on Page A10 NEW YORK – Facebook is proposing to end its practice of letting users vote on changes to its privacy policies, though it will continue to let users comment on proposed …
EU split over budget
Nov. 23, 2012 in Business on Page A10 BRUSSELS – The leaders of Britain and France staked out starkly different visions of Europe's future Thursday as talks began in Brussels on how much the European Union should be …
Unions increasing strikes post-election
Nov. 23, 2012 in Business on Page A10 They're fed up, and they're not going to take it anymore. That's the case for thousands of employees across the country who are striking and walking out of jobs rather …
Ad, letter campaign targets 'fiscal cliff'
Nov. 23, 2012 in Business on Page A10 WASHINGTON – The election may be over, but a new campaign is being waged in the nation's capital as lobbyists, advocates and trade groups fight to shape the government's response …
We're better than this
Nov. 23, 2012 in Letters, Opinion on Page A11 The animosity between conservatives and liberals brought to a fever pitch by the presidential election is clearly not waning. 22
Editorial: New name won't alter dire impact of fiscal cliff
Nov. 23, 2012 in Opinion on Page A11 Among some national observers in the comfortable pundit class, an above-the-fray view is beginning to take shape in which the impact of plunging over the "fiscal cliff" is downplayed. One … 3


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Know Your Ingredients: Walnut Oil
What it is
Walnut Oil is pressed from the nut of the walnut tree. It is high in linoleic acid and Omega 3 fatty acids.
What it does
Walnut Oil has antioxidant and emollient properties. It helps to regenerate and moisturize dry, damaged and mature skin. It is used to treat several skin problems including psoriasis and eczema.
Side effects
Walnut Oil can cause allergies, esp to people who are allergic to these nuts. It can also cause irritations.
Entry filed under: ingredients. Tags: .


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Ripe Olive Bridies
|Lean ground beef
|1 Pound
|Bacon drippings
|1 Tablespoon
|1 Medium, chopped
|Powdered thyme
|1⁄4 Teaspoon
|1 3⁄4 Teaspoon
|1⁄8 Teaspoon
|Worcestershire sauce
|1 Teaspoon
|1 Tablespoon
|Beef broth
|1⁄3 Cup (5.33 tbs)
|Canned pitted california ripe olives
|1 Cup (16 tbs)
|Finely chopped parsley
|1⁄4 Cup (4 tbs)
|Pastry mix sticks
Cook the beef in bacon drippings until lightly browned, then add the onion and cover.
Cook until the onion is soft.
Mix in the thyme, salt, pepper, Worcestershire sauce and flour, then stir in the broth.
Cook for about 10 minutes, stirring occasionally, until slightly thickened.
Stir in the ripe olives and parsley and cool slightly.
Prepare pastry mix according to package directions.
Divide into 6 portions and roll each to an 8 1/2 x 5 1/2-inch rectangle.
Spoon the ripe olive filling onto half of each rectangle.
Beat the egg with 1 tablespoon water, then moisten the edges of dough with egg mixture.
Fold the pastry over to enclose filling to make a 5 1/2 x 4 1/4-inch bridie.
Seal edges with fork tines.
Cut a hole about the size of a quarter in top of each bridie and brush lightly with egg mixture.
Place on baking sheet.
Bake at 425 degrees for 20 to 25 minutes or until pastry is golden brown.


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