text:
A system for allowing a node to be accessed through multiple address spaces. The system includes a virtual address memory providing a software settable bus identification address and a stable node identification address for each node in a net, a physical address memory providing a physically assigned node identification address for each node in a local bus, and a logical address memory providing a stable node identification address for each node in the local bus.
1. A system for allowing a node to be accessed through multiple address spaces comprising:
a virtual address memory providing a net refresh managed bus identification address and a stable node identification address for each node in a net;
a physical address memory providing a physically assigned node identification address for each node in a local bus; and
a logical address memory providing a stable node identification address for each node in the local bus.
2. The system of
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8. The system of
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13. A system comprising:
a bus including at least two nodes; and
at least one bus bridge portal comprising
a virtual address space for storing a software settable bus identification address and a stable node identification address for each node in a bus system;
a physical address space for storing a physically assigned node identification address for each node in a local bus; and
a logical address space for storing a stable node identification address for each node in the local bus.
14. The system of
15. The system of
16. The system of
17. A bus bridge comprising:
means for accessing nodes through software settable bus identification addresses and stable node identification addresses;
means for accessing nodes through physical node identification addresses on a local bus; and
means for accessing nodes through stable node identification addresses on a local bus.
18. A method for identifying nodes on a bus comprising:
receiving a request to access a node on a bus;
accepting the request if a bus identification portion of a destination address of the request matches a local bus identification address and a local node identification address of the destination address matches a physical node identification address on the local bus;
translating a stable identification address of the destination address to a physical node identification address if the bus identification portion of the destination address matches a logical bus identification address or the bus identification portion of the destination address matches a bus number; and
accepting the request if the translated physical node identification address matches a physical node identification address on the local bus.
19. A method of node identification comprising:
identifying a physical node identification address for a node; and
storing the physical node identification address as a stable node identification address.
20. The method of
matching a local identification portion of a received destination address to the stable node identification address; and
translating the stable node identification address to a physical node identification address.
21. A memory for storing data for access by a program being executed on a data processing system, comprising:
a data structure stored in a memory, the data structure including information used by a program including:
a virtual address data structure including software settable bus identification addresses for nodes on a net;
a physical address data structure including physically assigned node identification addresses for nodes on a local bus; and
a logical address data structure including stable node identification addresses for nodes on the local bus.
This application claims benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/130,698 filed Apr. 23, 1999 as well as U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/137,916 filed Jun. 7, 1999, U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/144,101 filed Jul. 16, 1999, U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/150,393 filed Aug. 23, 1999, U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/155,305 filed Sep. 21, 1999 and U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/158,722 filed Oct. 11, 1999.
The present invention relates generally to audio, video, audio/video interconnected systems for home and office use. More particularly, the present invention relates to address spaces on bus bridges.
With the development of consumer electronic audio/video (A/V) equipment, and the advance of digital A/V applications, such as consumer A/V device control and signal routing and home networking, various types of data in various formats can now be transferred among several audio/video control (AV/C) devices via one digital bus system. However, many current systems do not have sufficient bandwidth resources to transfer and display all the different types of data at the same time.
Typical computer systems solve the bandwidth problem by increasing the bandwidth of the system bus to handle all of these forms, types and amount of data. As a result, as users request more types of information such as in multimedia applications, the system bus has become more clogged with information other than information directly utilized and needed by the main processor.
Many computer systems incorporate at least two buses. A first bus, commonly referred to as a memory bus, is typically used for communications between a central processor and a main memory. A second bus, known as a peripheral bus, is used for communications between peripheral devices such as graphics systems, disk drives, or local area networks. To allow data transfers between these two buses, a bus bridge is utilized to "bridge" and thereby couple, the two buses together.
One example of a high-speed bus system for interconnecting A/V nodes, configured as a digital interface used to transport commands and data among interconnecting audio/video control (AV/C) devices, is the IEEE 1394 standard serial bus implemented by IEEE Std 1394-1995, Standard For A High Performance Serial Bus, Aug. 30, 1996 (hereinafter "IEEE 1394 standard") and related other 1394 standards.
The IEEE 1394 standard is an international standard for implementing a high-speed serial bus architecture, which supports both asynchronous and isochronous format data transfers. The IEEE 1394 standard defines a bus as a non-cyclic interconnect, consisting of bus bridges and nodes. Within a non-cyclic interconnect, devices may not be connected together so as to create loops. Within the non-cyclic interconnect, each node contains an AV/C device, and bus bridges serve to connect buses of similar or different types.
The primary task of a bridge is to allow data to be transferred on each bus independently without demonstrating performance of the bus, except when traffic crosses the bus bridge to reach the desired destination on the other bus. To perform this function, the bridge is configured to understand and participate in the bus protocol of each of the buses.
Multi-bus systems are known to handle the large amounts of information being utilized. However, communication between buses and devices on different buses is difficult. Typically, a bus bridge may be used to interface I/O buses to the system's high-performance processor/memory bus. With such I/O bridges, the CPU may use a 4-byte read and write transaction to initiate DMA transfers. When activated, the DMA of a serial bus node generates split-response read and write transactions which are forwarded to the intermediate system backbone bus which also implements serial bus services.
Depending on the host system design, the host-adapter bridge may have additional features mandated by differences in bus protocols. For example, the host bus may not directly support isochronous data transfers. Also, the host-adapter bridge may enforce security by checking and translating bridge-bound transaction addresses and may often convert uncached I/O transactions into cache-coherent host-bus transaction sequences.
Each time a new device or node is connected or disconnected from an IEEE 1394 standard serial bus, the entire bus is reset and its topology is reconfigured. The IEEE 1394 standard device configuration occurs locally on the bus without the intervention of a host processor. In the reset process, three primary procedures are typically performed; bus initialization, tree identification, and self identification. Within the IEEE 1394 standard, a single node must first be established as the root node during the tree identification process in order for the reconfiguration to occur.
Some bus bridges lack a stable node identification system. This could result in the wrong node being accessed if the node identifications are changed, which could lead to system corruption.
A system for allowing a node to be accessed through multiple address spaces. The system includes a virtual address memory providing a software settable bus identification address and a stable node identification address for each node in a net, a physical address memory providing a physically assigned node identification address for each node in a local bus, and a logical address memory providing a stable node identification address for each node in the local bus.
Features and advantages of the prevention invention will be apparent to one skilled in the art in light of the following detailed description in which:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of one embodiment for an interconnect topology;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a device of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of one embodiment for a 1394 standard bus bridge system;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of one embodiment for a 1394 bus bridge topology;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of one embodiment for a looped bus bridge topology;
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of one embodiment for bus bridge components;
FIG. 7 is a block diagram of one embodiment for a bus bridge address space;
FIGS. 8a-b are block diagrams of one embodiment for the translation between physical and virtual addresses within a bus bridge;
FIG. 9 is a flow diagram of request management in one embodiment of a bus.
A bus bridge including a memory for storing node addresses is described. The node addresses include a stable node identification address to allow access to nodes after addition or removal of nodes.
In the following detailed description of the present invention, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form, rather than in detail, in order to avoid obscuring the present invention.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of one embodiment for an interconnect topology 100. Referring to FIG. 1, server 102 is connected to a wide area network (WAN) 110 and to a bus bridge 170. The bus bridge is interconnected to a number of audio, video, and/or audio/video devices, 120, 130, 140, 150, and 160. In one embodiment, the devices (120-160) are connected to bus bridge 170 via the IEEE 1394 standard serial bus. Server 102 may be any device that is capable of connection to both a bus bridge 170 and wide area network 110, such as, for example, a personal computer or a set-top box. In one embodiment, network 110 may be a wide area network, such as, for example, the Internet, or a proprietary network such as America Online�, Compuserve�, Microsoft Network�, or Prodigy�. In addition, WAN 110 may be a television communications network. Server 102 includes a network interface which communicates with WAN 110.
Topology 100 includes high speed serial bus 180 a and 180. In one embodiment, serial bus 180 is the IEEE 1394 standard serial bus. Topology 100 includes various consumer electronic devices 120-160 connected via the high speed serial bus 180 to bus bridge 170. The consumer electronic devices 120-160 may include, for example, a printer, additional monitor, a video camcorder, an electronic still camera, a video cassette recorder, digital speakers, a personal computer, an audio actuator, a video actuator, or any other consumer electronic device that includes a serial interface which complies with a serial interface standard for networking consumer electronic devices—for example, the IEEE 1394 standard. Topology 100 may be contained within a home or office. Bus bridge 170 is used to connect devices 120-160 in which devices 120-160 may be physically located within different rooms of the home or office. Although the original IEEE bus standard is designed for use with a cable interconnect, any communication media may be used such as radio frequency (RF) communication or the like.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a device 120. Referring to FIG. 2, device 120 may be a laser printer, digital camera, set-top box, or any other appropriate consumer electronic device capable of being connected via a high speed serial bus 180. In one embodiment, the device 120 includes a controller 202, memory 208, and I/O 210, all connected via bus 215. Memory 208 may include, for example, read only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), and/or non-volatile memory. I/O 210 provides connection with wide area network 110, bus bridge 170, and another peripheral device (130-160).
In one embodiment, I/O 210 is a serial bus interface that complies with a serial interface standard for networking with consumer electronic devices (120-161) and bus bridge 170 within topology 100. For example, the serial bus interface and topology 100 may use the IEEE 1394 standard serial bus. I/O 210 provides for receiving signals from and transmitting signals to other consumer electronic devices (130-160) or bus bridge 170.
Memory 208 provides temporary storage for voice and data signal transfers between outside network 110 and topology 100. In addition, memory 208 may buffer digital voice and data signals received by I/O 210 from WAN 110 before signals are transmitted onto IEEE 1394 standard bus 180.
Controller 202 controls various operations of device 120. Controller 202 monitors and controls the traffic through the device 120 to and from topology 100 and WAN 110.
Device 120 I/O 210 may have one or more physical ports. A single port device discontinues the bus along the given branch of the bus, whereas devices with two or more ports allow continuation of the bus. Devices with multiple ports permit a daisy chained bus topology, even though the signaling environment is point-to-point. That is, when a multi-port node receives a packet of data, the data is detached and retransmitted to the necessary port as indicated within the data. The configuration is performed dynamically as new devices are attached and/or removed from bus 180.
The 1394 standard bus protocol is designed to support peer-to-peer transfers between devices. This allows serial bus devices to transfer data between themselves without intervention from a computer system or host system. This allows high throughput between devices without affecting the performance of the computer system. Thus, a video camera may be set up to transfer between itself and a video cassette recorder without accessing a computer system.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of one embodiment for a 1394 standard bridge bus system 400. Referring to FIG. 3, system 400 includes bridge 402 which connects two or more buses 408 and 410. Bus 408 and 410 may be the same or different types of buses. For example, bus 408 may be a 1394 standard serial bus and bus 410 may be a different high performance bus. The 1394 standard bus architecture limits the number of nodes or devices 310 on a bus 263 and supports multiple bus systems via bus bridge 402.
The control and status register (CSR) architecture, ISO/IEC 13213 (ANSI/IEEE 1212), Information systems-Control and Status Registers (CSR) Architecture Microcomputer Buses, defines the 1394 standard bus addressing structure, which allows approximately 216 nodes (404, 406, 412-420). The CSR standard defines their registry, their functionality, and, where appropriate, where they appear in the address space.
FIG. 3 is the simplest instance of a bus topology in which the net has one bus bridge. FIG. 4 illustrates a net that may have more than one bus bridge and, when so structured, is hierarchical in nature. FIG. 5 illustrates a network whose physical topology may have loops, but whose loops are electronically disabled to generate a hierarchical structure. In the description that follows, a collection of multiple buses connected through a bus bridge is referred to as a "net".
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of one embodiment for a 1394 bridge bus topology 500. Referring to FIG. 4, topology 500 has one prime portal 504 and one or more alpha portals 506 and 508. The primary bus 525 has exactly one prime portal 504 and the secondary buses 527, 529, 531, 533, and 535 have exactly one alpha portal each—506, 508 and 510. Each bus 525-535 may have any number of secondary portals. An alpha portal is on the path to a prime portal. Any portal not a prime portal or an alpha portal is a secondary portal. The prime portal or the alpha portal may be referred to as a primary portal.
Within an interconnect topology 500, the bridge portal with the largest refresh ID identifier is elected to become the prime portal 504. In an alternate embodiment, the bridge portal with the smallest portal ID identifier is elected to become the prime portal 504. Each portal appears as a node on its attached bus. The bus with the prime portal 504 is termed the primary bus 525 and other buses 527-535 are termed secondary buses. On secondary buses 527-535, the bridge portal that leads to the primary bus 525 is called the alpha portal (506, 508). After a bridge bus interconnect is configured, any node within the interconnect may be accessed by its unique 16-bit node identification address. The node identification address contains the bus ID and the local ID components. Referring to FIG. 4, the bus identification IDs of nodes 512-524 are indicated by the letters a, b, and c and the local ID is indicated by the numbers 0-4.
One of the portals, which could be the primary portal 504 is responsible for rejecting missed address asynchronous data packets by accepting these requests and returning error reporting responses. The previous and current prime and alpha portal identifiers are used to classify nodes when an interconnect topology changes, and the alpha portal is the isochronous clock reference for other nodes on the bus.
Bus bridge topology 500 may change and be established dynamically during operation of bus bridge system 500. Bus bridges communicate between themselves, in what is called a net refresh operation, to determine the set of unique busIDs that are assigned to each bus. In one embodiment, the bus bridge topology 500 is established during net refresh. Within topology 500, portals selectively route packets. Asynchronous routing tables are stable until topology 500 changes during a net refresh or net reset operation. Asynchronous routing tables are dynamic and are changed by their asynchronous connect and disconnect operations of the protocols.
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of one embodiment for a looped bus bridge topology 600. Referring to FIG. 5, during node 300 addition, portal 606 may be added to the topology 600 forming a loop. Thus, a path exists from a0-b4 through c0 back to a0. During initialization, the redundant portal 606 is disabled so that a hierarchical bus bridge topology remains.
In an alternate embodiment, cyclical net topologies may be allowed. In this alternate embodiment, software routines may partially activate the redundant bridge 606 and allow a shortest path routing between nodes. For example, traffic between bus a 605 and bus c 615 may be efficiently routed without introducing deadlocks.
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of one embodiment for bus bridge components 700. Referring to FIG. 6, bus bridge components 700 are maintained within each portal in which bus "a" to bus "b" components 702 and bus "b" to bus "a" components 704 are independently maintained. Components 700 also contains shared microprocessor and RAM 706.
Asynchronous and isochronous packet transfers may not acquire a bus at the same time. Therefore, asynchronous packets are placed in request queues 708, 720 and response queues 710, 722. The asynchronous packets are selected for transfer at times when isochronous packets are not being transferred. Isochronous packets are received and time stamped 712, 724. Time gates 718, 730 release the isochronous packets 714, 726, together with common isochronous packet (CIP) headers 716, 728, at fixed times. Routing tables select which asynchronous and isochronous packets are accepted and queued for adjacent bus delivery.
Topologies may share physical buffer space rather than implementing physical distinct stacks subject to the following: bus "a" to bus "b" and bus "b" to bus "a" queues operate independently, response processing is never blocked by queued requests, and asynchronous subactions and isochronous packets are forwarded independently. Topologies may block a request behind the previously queued response without generating potential deadlocks; however, requests and responses are processed independently.
Isochronous routing decisions are made by checking the isochronous packet's channel number. Accepted packets are converted and retransmitted on the adjacent bus with newly assigned channel numbers, speeds, and CIP-header and, when a CIP-header is provided, time-stamp parameters 716, 728 from the CIP-header. CIP-headers may be pre-appended to some isochronous packets to further describe their format and function and desired presentation time. When the packets incur delays while traversing through a bridge, then presentation time must be adjusted to compensate for this delay. CIP headers are defined in ISO/IEC 61883 specification. Isochronous packets received in cycle n are forwarded to the adjacent bus in cycle n+k where k is an implementation dependent constant. Messages may be passed around one bus or pass through a bridge by writing to a standardized message location 732, 734, 736, 738 on a bridge's portal. This allows bus-interconnect topologies to be restored while freezing, or discarding when necessary, previously queued subactions.
Distribution of clock-sync information 740, 742 from the primary-bus source is performed by placing calibration information in isochronous-clock pseudo queues before forwarding this information to the clock master on the adjacent portal. In one embodiment, clock-sync information flows from the primary bus downward, so that only one clock-sync pseudo queue may be required.
In support of bus bridges, each node has two node ID addresses: physical ID address and virtual ID address. A physical node ID has a 3FF16 valued bus ID; a virtual node ID has smaller bus ID addresses. In the absence of bus bridges, all nodes are accessed through their physical addresses. In the presence of bus bridges, the physical address is used to configure the node and the virtual address is normally used thereafter.
Directed-asynchronous routing decisions are made by checking the destination ID addresses of pass-through packets. Accepted packets are directly routed to the bridge's opposing port. In addition, an asynchronous quarantine is maintained which selectively enables forwarding of a request sub-action based on the local identification of a bus-local requester. A set of legacy bits identifies local nodes which requires specific processing of sourced requests and returning responses.
The Serial Bus uses a 64-bit addressing architecture. The most-significant 16 bits (nodeID) of the 64 bits specifies a target-node (as discussed above). The least significant 48 bits (offset address) specifies a location within that node (i.e. selects what resource to access within a node). The nodeID has two components: a) the first 10 bits, or busID, is used to identify the bus, and b) the remaining 6 bits (localID) is used to identify the device on the bus. Whenever a node is attached or detached, all the other nodes may change. There are 64 devices on each bus and 1024 buses in a system. Thus, address spaces are a linear way of corresponding to these addresses in a bus bridge, as illustrated in FIG. 7.
FIG. 7 is a block diagram of one embodiment for a bus bridge address space 1000. Referring to FIG. 7, bus bridge addresses for each node include three node identification (nodeID) address spaces: a physical identification address space (phyID) 1005, a logical identification address space (logicalID) 1003, and a virtual identification address space (virtualID) 1002. In one embodiment, the bus numbers associated with these spaces are 3FF16, 3FE16, and net refresh assigned, respectively. BusIDs 1007 range from 0 to 3FF16. Each busID 1006 contains 64 localID addresses, as shown for virtualID 1002.
All nodes reside in physical address space 1005. PhyIDs 1005 are localIDs which are dependent on their cable topology. Local bus nodes are accessed by the bus bridge through their cable topology dependent localID as phyID address assignments.
In one embodiment, a virtual nodeID 1002 may include a software settable busID 1006 and stableID 1001. The busID addresses are assigned during each net refresh providing each bus with a distinct range of 64 stableID addresses 1001. This allows each node to respond to a net-unique semi-stable virtualID address 1002.
In one embodiment, the bridge portals maintain the mapping between stableID 1001 and phyID 1005 addresses. In the case of a same-bus transfer, the request is captured by the delta portal, which translates between stableID 1001 and phyID addresses 1005.
In an alternate embodiment, the bus bridge portals could write the assigned stableID 1001 into a register on each node. Thus, the node has a register that is either updated by a bus bridge portal or retains its last written value unless a conflict is detected. In another embodiment, during a bus reset the stableID values 1001 are determined by the nodes in a cooperative fashion.
FIGS. 8a and 8 b are block diagrams of one embodiment for virtual to phyID 1005 translation by a bridge portal 1101, which is a delta portal in the embodiment shown. The delta portal may be any portal on the bus, but there may only be one delta portal on the bus. In one embodiment, the delta portal 1101 is the portal on a bus having the lowest phyID 1005 and manages the stableIDs 1001 on a bus. The stableID 1001 may be a part of the virtualID 1002 or the logicalID 1003. In an alternate embodiment, the delta portal may be the portal on the path back toward the prime portal or the alpha portal. Thus, the delta portal may be chosen locally or the delta portal may be the alpha portal or any other appropriate portal.
In the operation of FIGS. 8a and 8 b, the delta portal 1101 captures a request having a local bus destination node and translates the destination identification address from the destination node's stableID 1001 to the destination node's phyID 1005 and sends the request to the destination node using the destination node's phyID 1005. The delta portal 1101 also translates the source node's phyID 1005, which is found in the request, to the source node's stableID 1001. The delta portal 1101 also performs stableID 1001 to phyID 1005 translation for the destination node of the response and phyID 1005 to stableID 1001 translation for the source node of the response. The source node of the request (which is the destination node of the response), in this case node C, may then store the phyID 1005 of the destination node of the request, in this case node B, which may be found in the response. The phyID 1005 of the destination node of the request may be stored in a cache memory in the source node for later use. The use of the phyID 1005 later by the source node may further increase efficiency of bus bridge operation.
In FIG. 8a, node C 1104 sends a request 1105 designated for node B 1103. The request is addressed to the stableID 1001 of node B 1103 from the phyID 1005 of node C 1104. Delta portal 1101 captures and translates the destination_ID from the stableID 1001 of node B 1103 to the phyID 1005 of node B and transmits the address translated request 1106, having as a source the stableID 1001 of node C 1104.
In FIG. 8b, node B 1103 then sends a response 1107 to the stableID 1001 of node C 1104. The delta portal 1101 captures the response and translates the addresses from the stableID 1001 of node C 1104 to the phyID 1005 of node C 1104 and from the phyID 1005 of node B 1103 to the stableID 1001 of node B 1103. The delta portal then transmits the address translated response 1108.
The requester, or node C 1104, may then store the stable-to-phyID address translation for node B 1103 in a cache memory (not shown), which can be extracted from the returned response. These cache entries allow the same bus nodes to efficiently access their neighbors, until the next bus reset (which causes these entries to be discarded).
Thus, the same addresses may be used to access node B 1103, for example, whether the requester is on the same bus or a remote bus. Although any portal node has the capability of performing these address translations, allocating this task to the primary portal eliminates the need to define contention resolution protocols.
FIG. 9 is a flow diagram of request management in one embodiment of a bus. At processing block 1201, a request to access a node on the bus is received. At processing block 1202, the busID 1007 address of the destination address is checked to see if it equals 3FF16. This checking may be done at a bus bridge on the bus or at the destination node. If the busID 1007 equals 3FF16, the localID portion of the destination address is compared to phyID 1005 addresses existing on the bus at processing block 1203. If the localID equals a phyID 1005 of a node on the bus, the node at the localID address of the destination address accepts the request at processing block 1204.
If the busID 1007 portion of the destination address does not equal 3FF16, at processing block 1205, the busID 1007 is checked to see if it equals 3FE16, or the logical busID 1007 of the local bus. If the busID 1007 address matches 3FE16, the localID portion of the destination address, the stableID, is translated to the phyID 1005 of the local bus, at processing block 1206. Then the translated phyID 1005 is compared to node phyIDs 1005 of the local bus at processing block 1207. If the translated phyID 1005 matches a node phyID 1005, the node at the phyID 1005 address accepts the request at processing block 1204.
If the busID 1007 portion of the destination address does not match the logical busID 1007, the busID 1007 is compared to the bus number of the bus at processing block 1208. At processing block 1206, if the busID 1007 matches the bus number, the localID portion of the destination address (the stableID) is translated to phyID 1005, as described above, since the destination address is the virtual address of the node. Then, at processing block 1207, the translated phyID 1005 is compared to node phyIDs 1005 of the local bus, as described above. If the translated phyID 1005 matches a node phyID 1005, the node at the phyID 1005 address accepts the request at processing block 1204.
If the localID does not match the phyID 1005 at processing block 1203 or if the busID 1007 does not match the bus number at processing block 1208, the request is ignored by the bus.
The processes described with respect to FIG. 9 may be performed by a bus bridge or a node or both, with a bus bridge performing some of the processes and a node performing the others.
Referring to the logical address space 1003 of FIG. 7, only local bus nodes can be accessed using the logicalID 1003. The local bus nodes may be accessed using their localID which uses their stableID 1001 address assignment. The stableID 1001 may be, according to one embodiment, the phyID 1005 the first time it is accessed. Since the busID 1007 portion of the logicalID 1003 is fixed, the logicalID 1003 is a more stable way to access local nodes than the virtualID 1001, whose busID can change.
Logical address to physical address translations follow the operation of the virtualID 1001-to-phyID 1005 address translations described by FIGS. 8a and 8 b.
There are 64 possible busID 1001 addresses on each logically or virtually accessed bus, since a broadcast localID is not supported in either of these spaces.
With regard to FIG. 5, for example, if a device 516 is accessed by another bus, such as bus a 525, bus bridge 502 would be aware of the busID 1007 of bus 527. If the incoming address matched the busID 1007 of bus 527, bus bridge 502 would convert the busID 1007 to 3FF16 and send it out as a physical address of device 516. Without the logicalID 1003, a local portal would be accessed through the phyID 1005, and a portal on the general bus would be accessed through the virtualID 1001.
By partitioning the nodeIDs into bus-sized chunks, only 64 node addresses need be probed by enumeration software instead of 64,000. Like the physical space, the logical space is a way of checking local addresses first to lower the number of comparisons that need to be performed. Further, special nodes, such as a primary, alpha or delta portal 1101, may be assigned to well known logical addresses such as 0 or 63. In FIG. 7, the special portal 1004, is assigned the logical nodeID of 0 so that it may be found more quickly. The existence of the special portal at a known logicalID address1003 simplifies other nodes by allowing them to easily determine how to communicate with the special portal. If the busID 1001 of 0 is always assigned to the special portal, it is possible to find what buses exist by communicating with the special portal, and determine what buses exist on the local bus by checking the 64 nodes. Thus, all the buses in the system may be found by checking for them at the special portal. Time is saved by not having to probe each of the local nodes to determine which is the special portal.
The specific arrangements and methods herein are merely illustrative of the principles of this invention. Numerous modifications in form and detail may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the true spirit and scope of the invention.
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47 year old man | Rancho California, CA, USA | Seeking women 30-45 within 50 miles of San Diego, CA
I just got a kick out of the movie......
Thanks for reading. I am not great at describing myself... but obviously this is the place for that.so here are just some random thoughts. I am a guy who isn't perfect and is honest with nothing to hide. If you are looking for a real person who is in touch with himself and living life as a true human being.... Then keep on reading. - I don't have cable but do have NetFlix - I am a "phase" sort of fella, I do things or listen to things in phases until the next thing grabs my attention. Right now it is electronics music and BBC type series - I have been married twice - I am just a regular guy - I have a childhood crush on model trains and my banjo still - I love to be outdoors - In between careers/jobs and finding myself in that aspect of life - I like to cook but not for just myself - I can procrastinate - I had a near fatal heart attack almost a year ago (not to be on a soap box, but.... know the symptoms) - I am easy going and witty/sarcastic. Been told I don't have a filter at times and don't like BS. - I have a son that I love more than anything... Both the good and the frustrating parts of him. - I love animals but my place is not a great setting for them, so I have 2 fish. Finn and Gill. - my son and I name almost everything. - I love to ride my motorcycle - I think alone time is important in a relationship, as is sharing common interests and learning new things from each other. - I am good with my hands but can't do much with my motorcycle or car, but in a house...... WOW. :) - if you want to have children, I am not the right man for you as I am unable to go that route again. - I am at odds with most of my family and they don't live in SD.
Camping , Coffee and conversation , Dining out , Fishing/Hunting , Movies/Videos , Museums and art , Music and concerts , Exploring new areas , Performing arts , Travel/Sightseeing , Video games , Volunteering , Wine tasting
Golf, Tennis / Racquet sports, Walking / Hiking
I exercise 3-4 times per week.
I like Birds, Cats, Dogs, Exotic Pets, Fish
I have had turtles , cats and birds. My absolute fav was a Golden named Oso who was with me for 12 years.
It's San Diego... This IS a hot spot. I try not to let myself forget. I am reminded by many who visit our city for my work who are always in awe at where we live.
I enjoy all kinds of food. I am fixated with electronica right now and its on my Pandora constantly!! I also really enjoy reading.
I don't watch sports on TV much ( makes no sense given what I do) but i do enjoy going to live gamesI enjoy taking rides on my motorcycle, so if you have one or enjoy riding I like to hike, fish, tennis, golf, etc. I just really enjoy being outdoor
I read all three of the "Girl with the Dragon tattoo" series. I love to read. I will read anything beyond park bench advertising. :)
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
|What he is looking for
|6'0" (182cms)
|5'2" (157cms) to 6'11" (210cms)
|Body type:
|Slender, About average, Athletic and toned
|No preference
|Light brown
|No preference
|No Way
|No Way
|Social Drinker
|Social Drinker
|I'll tell you later
|No preference
|I'll tell you later
|No preference
|No preference
|Have kids:
|Yes, and they sometimes live at home (1)
|No preference
|Wants kids:
|I'll tell you later
|No preference
|White / Caucasian
|No preference
|Spiritual but not religious
|No preference
|Bachelors degree
|No preference
History and use it every day. Sometimes I wake up blurting out random dates in history. I will make breakfast if you can put events to them..... Really???


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State environmental officials have said an Exxon station at Routes 152 and 165 is at least partly responsible for a leak of methyl tertiary butyl ether, or MTBE. As a result of the contamination, much of the community in the Upper Crossroads section has turned to bottled water for drinking and cooking.
Elected officials are gearing up to address the issue. A state legislator is calling for expanded MTBE testing near the Exxon station and for requiring its removal from gasoline. County Council members are drafting bills aimed at safeguarding the county's water supply.
"Protecting the water supply will be the big issue in the council the second half of this year," said Councilman Robert G. Cassilly, a Bel Air Republican.
Harkins said Friday that the administration's legal department is working with Councilwoman Veronica "Roni" L. Chenowith on legislation that would ban new gas stations from neighborhoods that draw their water from individual wells. Chenowith represents the Upper Crossroads area.
"Something happened at Upper Crossroads," Harkins said. "The system is not working. Something fell apart in the process. The checks and balances at Upper Crossroads did not work."
Harkins said it is too early to offer details of the proposed legislation, but he added that it could take the direction of "no more gas stations anywhere until we get answers" to what went wrong at Upper Crossroads.
Harkins' proposal drew mixed reaction from industry representatives.
Paul Fiore of the Washington, Maryland, Delaware Service Station and Automotive Repair Association said he would reserve judgment until he had time to discuss it with directors of the group. The association represents about 1,400 service stations, the majority of them in Maryland.
Peter Horrigan, president of the Mid-Atlantic Petroleum Distributors' Association, called a moratorium a "local reaction to a global problem."
He said Harford County and Maryland would be better served if local elected officials backed a national energy policy that would eliminate MTBE from gasoline.
Although Maryland Department of the Environment officials say the Exxon station is at least partly responsible for the MTBE situation, no leaks have been detected at the station.
Del. Joanne S. Parrott, a Republican who represents Upper Crossroads, said a new test, aimed at detecting a possible leak of MTBE vapor from the station's fuel system, would be done at the station starting July 19.
She said the test will take five to 10 days. "This test will tell if it's leaking from the nozzle, from the hose, a valve, a fitting or the storage tank," she said.
Parrott said she is also pushing MDE and Exxon Mobil Corp. to test all wells within a mile of the Exxon station. "People are concerned," she said. "They want to know if their water is safe."
She said Exxon Mobil agreed Friday to test the wells of homes on Orchard Lakes Drive, Stanley Drive and Artemus Court, all of which are beyond the half-mile radius where most tests have occurred.
Parrott said she also plans to introduce a bill to require that MTBE be removed from gasoline sold in the county and probably the rest of the state.
County Council members Cassilly and Cecelia M. Stepp said they feel they have enough information to move ahead on new measures to protect the county's water supply, including changes in zoning laws and adoption of a much-discussed wellhead protection plan.


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Heidrick & Struggles International, Inc. (HSII) Ex-Dividend Date Scheduled for February 05, 2014
Heidrick & Struggles International, Inc. ( HSII ) will begin trading ex-dividend on February 05, 2014. A cash dividend payment of $0.13 per share is scheduled to be paid on February 21, 2014. Shareholders who purchased HSII stock prior to the ex-dividend date are eligible for the cash dividend payment. This marks the 26th quarter that HSII has paid the same dividend.
The previous trading day's last sale of HSII was $15.97, representing a -23.48% decrease from the 52 week high of $20.87 and a 30.9% increase over the 52 week low of $12.20.
HSII is a part of the Technology sector, which includes companies such as Paychex, Inc. ( PAYX ) and United Rentals, Inc. ( URI ). HSII's current earnings per share, an indicator of a company's profitability, is $.25. Zacks Investment Research reports HSII's forecasted earnings growth in 2013 as -26.74%, compared to an industry average of 11.7%.
For more information on the declaration, record and payment dates, visit the HSII Dividend History page. Our Dividend Calendar has the full list of stocks that have an ex-dividend today.


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Melissa McCarthy Height and Weight
Melissa McCarthy Height and Weight
Melissa McCarthy Weight?
205 lbs (93 kg)
How tall is Melissa McCarthy?
5′ 2″ (1.57m)
What Are Melissa McCarthy Measurements?
What is Melissa McCarthy Bra Size?
Cup size: C
Melissa McCarthy Net Worth: $20 Million (est.)
Melissa McCarthy Shoe Size: 9 US
Melissa McCarthy Dress size: 18
Melissa McCarthy Star Sign: Virgo
Date Of Birth (Birthday)
26 August 1970, Plainfield, Illinois, USA
Birth Name
Melissa Ann McCarthy
Nationality: American
Spouse: Ben Falcone (m. 2005)
Parents: Sandra McCarthy, Michael McCarthy
Children: Vivian Falcone, Georgette Falcone
Melissa Ann McCarthy is an American actress, comedian, writer, and producer. McCarthy first gained recognition for her role as Sookie St. James on the television series Gilmore Girls.


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Visual & Performing Arts
Visial and Performance Arts
Updated: 8 hours 2 min ago
A Surviving Legacy in Spanish America :
Campos Carlés de Peña, María, 1951- author.
Velázquez :
What may come :
Art Institute of Chicago.
American furniture.
Architectural agents :
Wharton, Annabel Jane, author.
Changing forms and cultural identity : religious and secular iconographies.
Come together :
Spampinato, Francesco, 1978- author.
Designing for hope :
Hes, Dominique, author.
Donald Judd :
Earthquakes, mudslides, fires & riots :
Sandhaus, Louise, 1955- author.
Leonardo, Michelangelo, and the art of the figure
Cole, Michael Wayne, 1969- author.
Manet paints Monet :
Sauerländer, Willibald, author.
The marble index :
Baker, Malcolm, 1945- author.
Music in the marketplace :
Cameron, Samuel, author.
Nothing but the clouds unchanged :
Re.act.feminism #2 :
Restless ambition :
Curtis, Cathy (Writer on art), author.
The sexual night
Quignard, Pascal, author.
Sounding race in rap songs
Kajikawa, Loren, 1975- author.


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Tag Archives: sketches
"Look at them constantly with all your might": the art education of Edwin Howland Blashfield
Written by staff on October 15, 2014 — 3 Comments
This post is written by Joe Festa, Manuscript Reference Librarian. Mural artist Edwin Howland Blashfield, born in Brooklyn in 1848, is perhaps best known for adorning the dome of the Library of Congress Main Reading Room in Washington, DC. His work can be characterized by his formal European apprenticeship in the classical arts, which greatly […]
Posted in Manuscripts, Scrapbooks | Also tagged artist, brooklyn, casts, Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine, classical arts education, Edwin Howland Blashfield, Europe, france, gilded age, Italy, Jean-Leon Gerome, Leon Bonnat, Library of Congress, murals, notes, photographs, scrapbooks, terra cotta, travel, vase paintings
Artist as soldier: David Cronin's sketches from the field of war
Written by staff on February 12, 2014 — Leave a Comment
This post was written by Deborah Tint, cataloging assistant. At the start of the Civil War Harper's Weekly, then known as a journal of news, culture and serial fiction, sprang into action to provide striking images of the conflict to those at home and at the front. Articles appeared to inform readers that a corps of "Regular Artist-Correspondents" […]


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Popular with parents and students! Download the SchoolWay app in the App Store or Google Play to have all of our school information in your hand! Don't forget to use this form to receive our monthly newsletter in your inbox.
Click to see a >>3 minute video on what the new Common Core Curriculum is all about
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Bennett House
New Albany, IN 47150
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From Bennett House
Bennett House in New Albany, Indiana, offers a variety of services and programs, including Assisted Living, Companion Living and Respite Care, to fulfill our residents' needs. Whether someone is active and likes to have a full social calendar or prefers to relax and takes things more slowly, Bennett House provides varying levels of service and activities to accommodate each resident's lifestyle.
Assisted Living residences at Bennett House offers seniors the opportunity to enjoy a relaxing atmosphere free from the daily worries associated with living alone. At Assisted Living Concepts, Bennett House provides a high level of service with a personal and caring touch.
Alternatively, the Independent Living residences are designed to make your life as carefree and secure as possible. Bennett House combines retirement living with comfort and luxury in a beautiful independent setting.
Reviews of Bennett House
Average Rating: based on 3 Reviews
I visited this facility
Bennett Place was an absolutely beautiful facility even though they had construction going on at that time. The staff that did the tour was nice and very helpful. They were willing to bend the rules to try to get it done, and then at the end they couldn't get it done. The rooms were very small, but very nice.
I am a friend or relative of resident
My mom is here. This is such a wonderful facility. The staff is fabulous. The assistants and nurses take excellent care of the residents, and if they see any deviation from their usual day they alert us that something is wrong. They are truly like family and they treat the residents that way. James is the chef, and his food is so delicious. Dianne is the activities coordinator and she is such a beacon of light and love. The residents are cheerful and happy. It is such a blessing to have my mom in a place that loves her and she loves like family.
I am a friend or relative of resident
Bennett House offers the correct size suites and plenty of space to visit family and friends. A resident can feel cared for and still have their independence.
Provider Response
Thank you, Copley, for your compliments about Bennett House assisted living in New Albany. Your feedback will be shared with the hard working management and staff. Bennett House tries to exceed expectations by providing quality service in a home-like setting that is spacious and full of compassion for residents and visitors. Bennett House and Assisted Living Concepts would love to have your great feedback on our web site. When you have a moment, please visit our Quality Connection page at http://www.alcco.com/contact-us/quality-connection/ to submit your testimonial. And, thank you again, Copley, for taking the time to compliment the environment at Bennett House. Visit again soon!
Location of Bennett House
Features of Bennett House
Technology and entertainment
- Cable TV in resident's rooms
Dining options
- Some residents have in-room kitchenettes
Guest services
- Guests can attend meals
- Parking for residents
- Transportation for residents (shuttle bus or similar)
- Pets: All Pets
About Assisted Living
- Experts Weigh In: How to Help With First-Day Jitters
- 5 Reasons to Take Your Pet With You to Assisted Living


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- Academics
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Master of Public Health in Global Health
Sample MPH-GH Curriculum (Minimum 49 credit hours)
MPH Core Curriculum
Concentration Curriculum
The minimum total credit-hours required is 49.
The Master of Public Health in Global Health prepares students for a career in public health with a global health context. At Saint Louis University, we take global health education to the field, allowing students to learn global health while living and working in new and challenging environments.
Students study not only in St. Louis, Missouri, but they also have opportunities to take global public health courses in Africa, Asia and Latin America. This allows for a combination of academic classroom experience, cultural and language immersion and practice experience in the field.
Students are required to spend at least one semester abroad or do their practice experience outside of the United States. Documented working proficiency in both English and in a second language at level II or III of the Interagency Language Roundtable is required to complete the MPH in Global Health Practice. Select students will be required to attend language school to meet the ILR level.
Career Opportunities
- Government and international health agencies such as CDC, WHO, PAHO
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Admission Requirements
The Master of Public Health with a concentration in Global Health prefers applicants to have a bachelor's degree in a social science, biomedical science, or a closely related field.
To find more information, explore the Admissions page or find out How to Apply.
Electives in Global Health
Students work with their advisors to choose from the following electives:
Biosecurity and Disaster Preparedness (online)
- Disaster Management and Risk Analysis
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- Disaster Planning for Infectious Disease Disasters
- Facing the Challenges of International Bioterrorism
- Fundamentals for Disaster Planning
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Behavioral Science and Health Education
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Environmental Health and Occupational Health
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- Maternal and Child Health I + II
- Maternal and Child Health Epidemiology
- Maternal and Child Nutrition and Health
- Politics and Public Health Advocacy
Contact Us:
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prints, jesus prints, gloria prints, mary prints, dinka marriage prints, africa prints, dinka groom prints, dance prints, africa prints, african drawings prints, africa drawing prints
All prints ship in durable cardboard tubes.
Fine Art America is one of the largest, most-respected giclee printing companies in the world with over 40 years of experience producing museum-quality prints. All of our prints are produced on state-of-the-art, professional-grade Epson printers.
We use acid-free papers and canvases with archival inks to guarantee that your prints last a lifetime without fading or loss of color. Paper prints include a 1" white border around the image to allow for future framing and matting. Canvas prints include a 2.5" white border to allow for future stretching on stretcher bars.
Prints ship within 3 - 4 business days in durable cardboard tubes.
The Dinka have an elaborate culture. Culture is way of life that is passed from generation to generation with in a community. Like other old cultures, Dinka culture has no written records that can track it down to previous generations. Instead it is a common way of life that is inherited orally from elders to young ones. It can be found in lyrics and customary possessions. Most importantly, it is experienced through family settings, traditional trainings, and beliefs. The Dinka value family (baai) as a continuous unit, initiated on mutual love (nhiɛ̈ɛ̈r). A marriage of a man and a woman has lengthy negotiations. An initial step involves an engagement (gɔ̈k/thut) for a certain period. When they want to marry,...
Welcome to my gallery, I hope while youre here you are also able to enjoy as I did the journey to discover the joy of art in all its forms. I love to hear from all who come to view my work do enjoy yourself and I hope you are also inspired by the Divine All images are my copyright � Gloria Ssali ( all rights reserved and protected by US and International Copyright Law. ) no piece of art or any section of it can be used or copied, reproduced, altered, displayed , redistributed, edited, published, transmitted or downloaded in any way, shape or form or desseminated for any purpose without my permission Gloria Ssali
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Fine Art America sells thousands of pieces of artwork each month - all with a 100% money-back guarantee.
If you've hesitated to purchase artwork online in the past, why not give us a try? You have nothing to lose!
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By JOEL COLEMAN
Ledrick Patterson's athleticism has won East Webster plenty of games this season.
By MATTHEW STEVENS
The Mississippi State Bulldogs made sure they didn't forget the important part of a season opener – to win the game.
By MATTHEW STEVENS
The one word that has been used throughout the Mississippi State lineup to describe playing Alabama is physical.
By MATTHEW STEVENS
The season opener for the Mississippi State women's basketball didn't have the look or feel of a first game.


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Nick Wagers
member for 6 years, 11 months, 28 days
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I used to live in the Champaign, IL area. I have completely photographed East Bend Memorial Gardens, East Bend Memorial Cemetery, Riverside Cemetery, Calvary Cemetery, Immanuel Luthern Cemetery, Prairieview Cemetery and Harwood Chapel Cemetery back in 2008. If you want a photo that I haven't posted, let me know. I don't get photo requests from this area anymore.
I have moved near Monroe, MI and thinking about starting photographs again.
Here are all my pictures: http://www.flickr.com/photos/nwagers/
I do not add bios or link profiles. I only work off of primary sources of information. I'd gladly transfer memorials to anyone that would like to do this sort of work.
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Carol Hicks
Joseph C. Pittman
Thank you so much for transferring him to me. Appreciate it.
Added by
Carol Hicks
on Oct 06, 2013 7:17 AM
Kurt Johnson
Walter Ogrodowski
Thanks for the picture of his marker.
Added by
Kurt Johnson
on Apr 05, 2013 1:02 PM
Janel Norris
Ernest Gagneau
Thank you very much! Janel Norris
Added by
Janel Norris
on Apr 03, 2013 9:27 PM
Janel Norris
Celena Gagneau
Thank you so very much!
Janel Norris
Added by
Janel Norris
on Mar 30, 2013 8:27 PM
Karen (Ogburn) Lint
Roy Springer
Thanks so much for the unexpected transfer!
Added by
Karen (Ogburn) Lint
on Feb 14, 2013 4:39 AM
Re: Christian Bort
Nick, Thanks for the transfer.
Added by
on Jan 04, 2013 11:35 AM
Janet S. Alvis
Thank you so much! Greatly appreciated ;)
Added by
Janet S. Alvis
on Oct 21, 2012 9:41 PM
Adana Thompson Adams
Ed and Belle Hill
Thanks for the transfesr!!!!
I appreciate it!
Added by
Adana Thompson Adams
on Oct 11, 2012 7:24 AM
Adana Thompson Adams
Thank you for the transfers and all the help you gave me.
I so appreciate it.
Added by
Adana Thompson Adams
on May 22, 2012 8:03 AM
Adana Thompson Adams
28932490 Estelle Ford
Nick, this was the page I was talking about in my previous post. She's in Riverside Cemetery in Mahomet and I would very much like to find her gravesite. From your description do you know where this is? She is a family member of mine and I have been searching her tombstone for years as she's not buried with her parents and siblings. Thanks for any help you can give me.
Added by
Adana Thompson Adams
on May 04, 2012 8:59 PM
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Book Search
Humanizing Evil
Psychoanalytic, Philosophical and Clinical Perspectices
To Be Published January 30th 2016 by Routledge
Underworlds: Philosophies of the Unconscious from Psychoanalysis to Metaphysics
The first book of its kind to provide a detailed analysis of the history of the unconscious from the underworlds of Greek and Egyptian mythology to psychoanalysis and metaphysics, Jon Mills presents here a unique study of differing philosophies of the unconscious. Mills examines how three major...
Published April 2nd 2014 by Routledge
A Critique of Contemporary Psychoanalysis
2013 Goethe Award Winner! This is the first book of its kind to offer a sustained critique of contemporary psychoanalytic thought favoring relational, postmodern, and intersubjective perspectives, which largely define American psychoanalysis today. Conundrums turns an eye toward the...
Published December 22nd 2011 by Routledge
Other Banalities
Melanie Klein Revisited
Melanie Klein is one of the few analysts whose body of work has inspired sociologists, philosophers, religious scholars, literary critics and political theorists, all attracted to the cross-fertilisation of her ideas. Other Banalities represents a long over-due exploration of her legacy, including...
Published February 9th 2006 by Routledge


text: How is social action related to aesthetics? In what ways do the large and small crises that fill not only the nightly TV news but also our daily lives relate to the genre of theater? Victor Turner deals with these and other questions in a classic study that ranges from anthropology to acting, from everyday life to artistic genres.


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Max Scherzer
This Week In Baseball: Quarter Season Awards; Pace Of Play Update
A little over a quarter of the season has been played, which means it's time to hand out some early season awards.
Steve Davis: A Case for Signing James Shields
The Orioles have done very little this off-season in free agency to improve the team. There is a player still sitting there that could do that: James Shields.
Steve Davis: That Nationals Sure Seem Like Hypocrites
The Nationals cry foul about MASN, take a loan from MLB but have the cash to give Scherzer $50 million up front? Steve is suspect.
Sports Rehab: Casey Stern talking Hot Stove Baseball
Casey Stern of MLB Network Radio joined Bob and Glenn to talk the moves being made and other possible moves in the baseball offseason.
9 Notable MLB Free Agents To Keep Tabs On
With the offseason officially upon us, we say goodbye to the 2014 teams that we loved and hated and to the players on those rosters. I say this because the free agency period begins on Tuesday and there are many, many big-time players and MVP caliber athletes who can make an impact wherever they sign and cause chaos to the team they leave.
Playoff Pinch Hits: American League Championship Series Is Set
The Baltimore Orioles and Kansas City Royals are both in the ALCS, with unlikely sweeps in their respective ALDS matchups.
Ed Norris: Scherzer or Verlander?
Facing the Tigers' rotation is daunting given the fact they have the last three Cy Young winners on staff but it may not be as difficult for the Orioles as most other teams.
Bob Haynie: Orioles Over Tigers In Four
On Thursday afternoon at 5:37pm at Camden Yards, the Baltimore Orioles will begin their quest to reach the World Series for the first time since 1983.
ALDS Preview: Orioles Vs. Tigers
Scherzer, meanwhile, hasn't faced the Orioles since June 17, 2013. He knows this much: Baltimore led the majors with 211 home runs, so the right-hander had better be careful.
Terry Ford: Tigers Starting Pitching
Finally!!!!! It's almost here. The American League Division Series gets between the Orioles and the Tigers gets cooking Thursday afternoon.
Fantasy Baseball Preview: Starting Pitcher
CBS Local Sports breaks down the top starting pitchers for your fantasy baseball draft.
Terry Ford: Orioles Offseason Pitching Plans
Now that the baseball season is over it's time to focus on the off-season. Lots of Orioles fans are firing up the old hot stove already, talking about making a run at trying to trade for soon-to-be Cy Young Award winner Max Scherzer of Detroit or signing free agent hurler Matt Garza. I think you have a better chance of seeing Sidney Ponson start Opening Day than you do seeing the O's drop big loot or trade away prized prospects for starting pitching.


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GOOD job US. Could do better UK. As childhood obesity drops on one side of the Atlantic, it continues to climb on the other.
A new report from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) found obesity decreasing in 19 of 43 US states and territories between 2008 and 2011 in the poorest pre-school children, who tend to be larger than their peers from wealthier families. Increases were seen in only three states. This compares with increases in 24 states between 2003 and 2008, and decreases in nine, suggesting the tide has since turned.
In contrast, UK charity the British Heart Foundation (BHF) reported this week that childhood obesity rose in England between 1995 and 2011, from 11 to 17 per cent of boys and 12 to 16 per cent of girls.
Victoria Taylor of the BHF says lack of physical activity and eating too many unhealthy foods are the most likely explanations. In the US, the CDC attributes part of the turnaround to the provision of healthier subsidised meals, which include more fruit and vegetables.
This article appeared in print under the headline "Obesity see-saw"
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Dogswell, Veggie Life, Happy Hips, Glucosamine & Chondroitin, Sweet Potato, 5 oz (141.7 g) (Discontinued Item)
By Dogswell22 Reviews
Shipping Weight:?0.53 lbs (0.24 kg)
Shipping Weight
The Shipping Weight includes the product, protective packaging material and the actual shipping box. In addition, the Shipping Weight may be adjusted for the Dimensional Weight (e.g. length, width & height) of a package. It is important to note that certain types of products (e.g. glass containers, liquids, fragile, refrigerated or ice packed) will often require protective packaging material. As such, these products will reflect a higher Shipping Weight compared to the unprotected product.
- Product Code: DWL-00500
- UPC Code: 884244005003
- Package Quantity: 5 oz (141.7 g)
- Dimensions: 1.6 x 5 x 6.7 in, 0.35 lbs (0.16 kg)
Product Overview
- Helps Maintain Healthy Joints
- Natural with Added Glucosamine Chondroitin & Vitamin E
- Low in Fat
- No Gluten
- No Added Salt
- Enriched with Antioxidants
- Treats for Adult Dogs
- Resealable Package
- Dogswell ... Because Dogs are Family Too
- Low in Fat
- Great Source of Vitamin E
- Digestible & Long Lasting
- Helps Maintain Healthy Joints
- Nutritious & Delicious Chew Treat
Suggested Use
Provide 2 treats per 15 pounds per day
_____________/7.5 = _____________
(Dog's Weight) (Treats per Day)
Other Ingredients
Sweet potato, glucosamine hydrochloride, chondroitin sulfate, vitamin E supplement
Real Sweet Potato with Added Nutrients
- No Fillers
- No Wheat
- No Added Salt
- No Artificial Colors
- No Byproducts
- No Wheat Gluten
- No Added Sugar
- No Artificial Flavors
For the safety of your pets, observation is recommended when giving your dog treats or chews. Always be sure to provide plenty of water.
|Guaranteed Analysis
|Crude Protein
|2.5% (min)
|Crude Fat
|0.1% (min)
|Crude Fat
|3% (max)
|Crude Fiber
|11% (max)
|10% (max)
|Vitamin E
|100 IU/kg (min)
|2,000 mg/kg (min)
|1,000 mg/kg (min)
|*Not recognized as an essential nutrient by the AAFCO Dog Food Nutrient Profiles
iHerb Customer Reviews
I've been feeding this daily to my meat-intolerant dog for about a year. I thought his increased thirst and growing incontinence was due to old age but now I wonder... :( "Despite repeated warnings issued by the FDA, veterinarians are reporting new cases of dogs developing symptoms of kidney failure (Fanconi's syndrome) similar to dogs who have been poisoned by Chinese-made chicken jerky treats, but this time they are being poisoned with a whole new class of treats: sweet potato treats imported from China. The brands veterinarians say are associated with the new cases of unexplained acute kidney failure are Canyon Creek Ranch Chicken Yam Good Dog Treats (Nestle-Purina), Beefeaters Sweet Potato Treats (16 types of yam-related treats), Drs. Foster and Smith (exact item not specified in the report) and Dogswell Veggie Life Vitality (4 types of Veggie Life brands)." More on http://poisonedpets.com/2012/04/06/alert-vets-warn-about-new-treats-from-china-poisoning-dogs/
우리집 멍구가 웬만한 껌은 몇 초 만에 다 먹는데 이건 오랫동안 씹어 먹더라구요 고구마 말린거라 몸에도 좋을 것 같고 진짜 좋아요


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Stores »
Retro cereal kitsch to add some fun to your Haunted House.
We are a community of shoppers sharing our best finds from across the web.
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Texas Furniture Hut mission statement is "Immerse Your Life in Affordable Luxury"
Texas Furniture Hut was established in 2002 with initial space of only 3000 sq. Feet for our showroom in Humble. It is run by sole trader Amir Burghli, an entrepreneur who began and still manages his business with a passion for quality and an eye for design. Texas Furniture Hut has been providing its customers with the same big brand name furniture such as Bernhardt, Universal, Flexsteel, Mayo & Broyhill for 30% less than most furniture retailers, every day. Our low prices lie in our ability to keep low overhead cost, which gives our customers the highest sale satisfaction, and is why we are growing so quickly. In our first two years, our customer base grew substantially, specifically due to our consistent customer referrals. In 2006, Texas Furniture Hut took the first step in support of its growing customer base, by tripling the size of its Humble showroom and shortly following, opened our gorgeous second store in Cypress. Due to our of constant growing customer demand, we feel that our Cypress & Humble stores have also reached their maximum capacity; therefore we are planning to open the first of several Houston area locations in Katy, early 2015.
Texas Furniture Hut provides our customers with many furniture options. We specialize in luxury living rooms with stylish sofas, cozy chairs, darling dinettes, beautiful bedrooms, every option for entertainment consoles, a huge home office selection, youth furniture and a wide array of accessories. We also have a huge selection of top quality mattresses, Sealy, Sterns & Foster, iComfort. Always make sure and ask for specials!
We at Texas Furniture Hut know Houston has the best schools, and we proudly cater to the large student population. We've listened to their requests and have worked very hard to provide a huge selection of affordable quality furniture perfect for the budding genius.
We love hearing feedback! Follow us on twitter and like us on Facebook for contests, giveaways and super-secret specials only available to our loyal fans.
Texas Furniture Hut always puts customers needs first; we offer many options to comfortably fit every customers budget. We accept all major credit cards, and have fantastic customer credit options.


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Audi RS 5 Ratings
Getting firsthand information from an actual car owner is one sure way to get an idea of car performance once it leaves the lot. Autobytel features real consumer reviews that give the unbiased experience of a car.
2013 Audi RS 5 - quattro Coupe
I just got my Audi RS5 last week and spent as much time as possible with it. As a German car maker Audi does a great job at interior of this vehicle. Everything I can touch is made by premium quality materials. I especially love the new designed sport steering wheel which is simplified yet functional as needed. Even I switch to comfort mode, the suspension is still too rough for city. I am expecting a raise in ride height to adjust riding comfort but unfortunately Audi don't care about it.
- Recommend this vehicle to a friend? Yes
- How long have you owned this vehicle? 0 years


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Roy Wilkins was born August 30, 1901 in St. Louis, Missouri. Throughout his childhood, Wilkins lived in a largely integrated section of St. Paul, Minnesota; most of his playmates, close friends, and teachers were white. His experiences growing up in an integrated society allowed him to see the positive effects of integration. While attending the University of Minnesota, Wilkins's interest in advocacy led him to pursue an education in journalism and community affairs. While matriculating, Wilkins served as a secretary with a local chapter of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). Graduating with a bachelor's degree in sociology in 1923, Wilkins began his career as a reporter and editor, first with Minnesota papers and later with the Kansas City Call.
Not long after marrying Aminda Badeau in 1934, he was appointed editor of the NAACP's national magazine, The Crisis; he replaced the legendary W. E. B. DuBois. While working with the NAACP, Wilkins organized a boycott of segregated theaters and advocated nonviolent political action to achieve equal rights for


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UC Riverside
UC Riverside News
News on UC Riverside continually updated from thousands of sources around the net.
Universities need to be held accountable
Wednesday Jul 1 | Jerusalem Post | Comment?
Meet the Native American Rachel Dolezal
Tuesday Jun 30 | TheDailyBeast.com | Comment?
The 'Holistic Approach' to Integrating STEM, Common Core
Tuesday Jun 30 | US News & World Report | Comment?
Partnerships, Retention Programs Key for Helping Minorities Succeed in STEM
Tuesday Jun 30 | US News & World Report | Comment?
#UCRiverside Astronomer Mario De Leo Winkler Available to Talk About Asteroids and Asteroid Day
Tuesday Jun 30 | Newswise | Comment?
Sea-level warming forces seabirds to abandon nesting grounds
Monday Jun 29 | Nerve News | Comment?
25 Shockingly Nasty Celebrity Divorces
How Should the US Government Respond to ISIS?
American Terrorism: Plain and Simple
terrorism 231
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Sunday Jun 28 | The Press-Enterprise | Comment?
Student Discovers New Firefly Species
Saturday Jun 27 | NBC Los Angeles | Comment?
Indian-American Governor Bobby Jindal hit by Twitter storm
Saturday Jun 27 | Mid-Day Mumbai | Comment?
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Friday Jun 26 | CBS Local | Comment?
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Friday Jun 26 | EurekAlert! | Comment?
$7 million awarded to study early influences on cognitive, physical health by midlife
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Friday Jun 26 | Scientific American | Comment?
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Friday Jun 26 | Newkerala.com | Comment?
New species of firefly discovered in Southern California by UC Riverside student
Thursday Jun 25 | Fountain Valley View | Comment?
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text:
Technology brings old world lending practices to an entirely new level
with the availability of peer-to-peer lending. For centuries, there has
been lending outside of the traditional western-style formalized lending
system, made up of banks and other professional lenders. Groups of people,
such as immigrant populations, ethnic communities and trade groups, have
long operated their own networks of lending amongst members. Peer-to-peer
lending uses today's technologies to bring a similar lending philosophy
to a wider group of people via the Internet.
How Peer Lending Works
Peer lending, also known as person-to-person lending, is fairly simple, although the details may vary
slightly between the different providers offering this service. A potential
borrower prepares a statement as to what he needs and why. His credit
history, income, and other relevant information, are submitted to the
facilitating entity, the provider that acts as the go-between for the
borrowers and lenders and processes the financial transactions. There
is a verification process to establish the validity of the information.
loan request is posted on the site, along with the data necessary for
lenders to make a decision. The publicly posted information does not
include private or personally identifying information. In other words,
a borrower will not be making information public that will run the
risk of identity theft or having numerous spammers or telemarketers
engaged in ruthless pursuit.
Potential lenders
browse through loan requests and choose to make loans or not. There
is a bidding process, in which lenders offer to make the loan at
a specific rate of interest. A single lender does not have to make
the entire loan. Often a lender will supply a part of the requested
loan, with the entire loan amount being split up between several
These are typically shorter-term loans,
with some providers setting a limit of three years for repayment,
and for smaller amounts. People choose to take out such loans for
a broad range of purposes, including debt consolidation and business
The provider earns a fee for processing
transactions and the other tasks involved in making the system
work, the lenders earn interest on the money they lend, and the
borrower obtains the loan that he may not be able to get through
other channels. While the rate of interest does relate to past
credit history, a person's bad credit history or a high-risk sort of credit
rating does not mean that a loan is impossible. Interest rates
may run a bit higher than traditional lending for some borrowers,
but those rates can often be lower than other loan or credit
Placing Borrowing And Lending Back In The Hands Of The People
All too often, traditional lenders are absolutely impersonal,
running strictly on the numbers. Peer-to-peer lending allows a borrower
to present a request that is more personal, and lenders can make their
decisions by factoring in the details that make that borrower an individual,
such as a specific set of circumstances that may or may not fit neatly
into traditional lending boxes.
That lenders have
the ability to spread the risk can mean that they are willing to take
a chance on a loan that other lenders may not. Furthermore, traditional
lenders often don't deal in the smaller amounts that a borrower may
need, or at least not under terms and conditions that work for some
borrowers. Peer-to-peer lending is a great opportunity to move beyond
the limitations of standard options available today, and holds significant
appeal to those interested in ways of doing business that do not rely
on big business financial institutions.
lending seems to be a growing phenomenon, and with good reason. Based
on traditions of lending outside of established banking systems that
have been in operation for hundreds of years, peer-to-peer online
lending blends the best of old world money lending practices with
the technology of today to create loan opportunities that are much
more in the control of the individual, and that is always a good
Additional Information:
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Disclaimer: We have built this resource with great care and expertise. We try to keep the articles current and up-to-date, but this isn't always possible given the ever-changing financial and lending markets. As such, DirectLendingSolutions.com provides no guarantees, and NO WARRANTY, expressed or implied, for the accuracy of any information provided, or its applicability to your financial situation. We strongly suggest that you consult your own financial advisor to determine the best course of action for your financial situation.


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J.W. Jason Brown
Position: C
Height: 6-3 Weight: 313 lbs.
Born: May 5, 1983 in Henderson, NC
High School: Northern Vance
College: North Carolina (school history) (Brown college stats)
Drafted by the Baltimore Ravens in the 4th round (124th overall) of the 2005 NFL Draft.
Weighted Career AV (100-95-...): 31 (3157th overall since 1950)
Other SR Links: College Football at Sports-Reference.com
Sponsor this page for $10 and help Pro-Football-Reference.com provide this service. Your message will replace this ad.
Output includes all games from 1920 to 2014.


text:
Class of 1986 Spring 2014 Letter
Spring 2014
My favorite movie and TV genre is historical fiction. I've seen Rob Roy and Braveheart dozens of times (by choice, not just because they're on AMC every other night), and my current obsession is the History Channel series, Vikings. (It's about our Nordic ancestors…not the frustratingly inconsistent football team that's about to get a new stadium).


text:
Sign up for email to learn how you can protect food and water in your community.
I support Food & Water Watch because it is really the "watchdog" that is protecting and educating consumers one person at a time. If we each follow through with action we will change the world.
Category: Nonprofits & ActivismUploaded by: GoodFoodnH2OHosted: youtube
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If you need to cancel your session please contact us by calling, texting or emailing:
312-799-9414 / firstname.lastname@example.com with your name, treatment time and the healer you have booked with. Clients who cancel their appointment with less than 24 hours notice will be charged 50% of the treatment cost. Clients who miss an appointment without calling to cancel will be charged the full amount for the treatment scheduled. A credit card may be required to hold your treatment space for future appointments.
Infant Massage
Touch Transform, LLC


text:
But he's happy to tirelessly serve his daughter Evalinah, 3, so they can live in an empire perfectly suited to both of them.
Together, the pair work more like a democracy than monarchy, as they transform their modest Harcourt Road home into a majestic palace. Beginning a few weeks ago, they've already made some noticeable progress, highlighted by removing wallpaper and painting walls.
"Daddy is building his princess a castle," Anthony said. "This is not my house. This is her castle."
During breaks from fixing up their home, the two also partake in traditional daddy-daughter activities, such as cooking their favorite foods, eggs and cake, with one another.
In fact, they plan on spending Father's Day together at Cedar Point, zipping and slipping down water slides at Soak City.
"I am here for her always," Anthony said.
Anthony, however, vigorously fought a battle in Erie County Common Pleas Court to become his daughter's primary caregiver.
About two years ago, Anthony first noticed some troubling signs with Evalinah upon coming home during weekends while attending Bowling Green State University.
"Things were getting rough with her mom," Anthony said. "My daughter was not hitting her milestones. She wasn't walking or talking or crawling when she should have been."
A lengthy court battle followed, which concluded with a judge awarding Anthony full custody of Evalinah about a year ago.
It's a rare victory, considering how often men receive full custody of their child or children. In fact, while national statistics vary, it's understood that anywhere between 10 percent to 20 percent of all fathers have been granted full custody by a court.
"I was actually shocked," Anthony said. "It's hard to get custody in the state of Ohio. But that's what I think drove me more. I don't care what the stats are. Her well-being should be the most important thing, and the judge realized that."
Anthony also fought because he didn't want Evalinah to have the same kind of father he did.
"My dad was in and out of my life, and that was one thing I vowed never to do," Anthony said. "I want to be in her life as much as possible, and she is my primary responsibility."
The 2008 Perkins High School graduate repeatedly reiterated the importance his mother, Sheila Winston, played in this process.
"I celebrate Father's Day for my mom," Anthony said. "My mom was my biggest teacher."
Case in point: Anthony can braid and fix up Evalinah's flowing blonde hair in a fancy fashion.
As she gets older, Anthony just wants to provide his only child with anything she wants.
"I don't want her to have any limits in life because I grew up very limited," Anthony said. "I grew up struggling. But my mom did what she had to do to make it work."
Anthony also offered some advice to other single or separated parents fighting to win custody of their child or children.
"Your kids should be your first priority, and that is society's biggest downfall," he said. "It can't be about yourself."