text:
South Australia
Man armed with knife theatens staff, steals cash in Tranmere pizza shop robbery
- From: The Advertiser
- June 29, 2014
A KNIFE-WIELDING man has stolen cash during an overnight robbery of a Tranmere pizza shop.
The man entered the Glynburn Rd pizza shop about 1am, brandished a knife and demanded cash.
He fled on foot with an amount of cash and was last seen running towards Richardson Rd and Glen St.
No one was physically injured.
The suspect was described as being of caucasian appearance and aged in his 30s.
Anyone with information is asked to contact Crime Stoppers on 1800 333 000 or CrimeStoppers online.Originally published as Staff threatened in pizza shop robbery


text:
Hella India Electronics Private LimitedGurgaon, Haryana
Products & Services
Company Profile
Hella KGaA Hueck & Co., Lippstadt: The automotive parts supplier develops and manufactures components and systems for lighting technology and electronics for the automotive industry. In addition, joint venture companies also produce complete vehicle modules, air conditioning systems and vehicle electric systems.
Hella has one of the largest aftermarket organisations in the world for automotive parts and accessories, with its own sales ...view all
Fact Sheet
|Nature of Business
Manufacturer, Exporter, Trader
|Number of Employees
More than 1000 People
More than Rs. 500 Crore ( or More than US$ 100 Mn Approx.)
Contact UsHella India Electronics Private Limited Venkatesan Radhakrishnan+91-124-2278584
9th Milestone, Farookh Nagar Road, Dhankot
Gurgaon - 122001
Haryana, India
Gurgaon - 122001
Haryana, India
Send your enquiry to this supplier

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Talk to our team at
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Cleveland's economy has diversified and there are great trade opportunities with the proximity of Lake Erie and Canada beyond. Home to the headquarters of many large companies in the technology and aerospace sector, Cleveland is also among the top recipients of investment for biotech start-ups and research. Cutting-edge wireless connectivity aids businesses and the city provides firms with talented potential recruits through a number of notable colleges and universities. Several Interstate highways serve Cleveland, plus bus and rail metropolitan services and intercity rail connections too. The Port of Cleveland is a major bulk freight terminal on Lake Erie and Cleveland Hopkins International Airport is a significant air freight hub. Cleveland center offers all the flexibility your company needs when it comes to choosing workspace. We offer bespoke packages that allow you to pick the size and layout of your fully-furnished offices and you only pay for as long as you use them – which could be a few hours or several years. We have a range of board rooms with excellent facilitie,s which can be used to train staff, hold meetings or host a conference or seminar. And video communications will allow you to invite a few extra people along. Feel free to drop into our business lounges to catch up with communications over a coffee in a comfortable environment, or take advantage of our virtual office packages – tailored to meet your individual requirements – managed by a professional, multi-lingual reception team.
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Home > Sport > Shooting
Saturday July 12, 2014 MYT 8:39:00 PM
Saturday July 12, 2014 MYT 8:43:29 PM
by lim teik huat
Malaysian shooter Nur Suryani Mohd Taibi in action during the 2012 London Olympics. - Filepic
PETALING JAYA: Rifle shooter Nur Suryani Mohd Taibi is relishing the challenge of winning a second gold medal at the Commonwealth Games in Glasgow next week.
At the last Games in New Delhi in 2010, Suryani bagged the 10m air rifle pairs with Nur Ayuni Farhana Halim.
Two years later, Suryani made headlines worldwide when she competed at the London Olympics while eight months pregnant.
She gave birth to daughter Dayana Widyan after returning from London and has been juggling between motherhood and shooting since then.
Suryani is often separated from two-year-old Dayana Widyan due to her training and competitions, but she has no complaints.
"It's what I wanted to do, having a kid and continue my shooting career. Whatever I'm free, I'll spend my time with my family, especially my daughter.
"It will be worse this time as I will be spending Hari Raya away from my loved ones (the Commonwealth Games take place from July 23-Aug 3).
"I am thankful my in-laws in Sungai Petani have been taking care of my daughter for the last two months as I was away for the World Cup competitions in Munich and Beijing," said Suryani, who has never failed to deliver a medal at the Commonwealth Games.
The 32-year-old, who clinched a bronze in 50m rifle three-position in her debut in Melbourne in 2006, is optimistic of maintaining her good record in Glasgow.
"I manage to reach the finals of both the 10m air rifle and 50m rifle three-position in the final leg of the World Cup in Beijing last week.
"I was the only shooter from the Commonwealth to qualify for the top-eight final in both events, so I feel good about my chances heading to Glasgow," said Suryani, who will be competing in the individual 10m air rifle and 50m rifle three-position.
Tags / Keywords:
Nur Suryani Mohd Taibi, shooting, Commonwealth Games, Glasgow, rifle
Regret makes Alia change her aim in life
Security forces probing shooting incident near east coast Pom Pom island
Wishing on a shooting star with man-made meteors
City council trains gun on crows
Age not slowing down trap shooters as they aim for Rio
Regret makes Alia change her aim in life
Celebrate Raya in style with GEMFIVE
The 3 unexpected life events that leave us in debt
BookFest@Malaysia 2015 is officially launched
Local filmmaker's dream comes true
LBU signs MoU to deliver Sarawak highway project
Copyright © 1995-2015 Star Media Group Berhad (ROC 10894D)(Formerly known as Star Publications (Malaysia) Berhad)


text:
Date: 20130523
Course: Protein Prediction 1
Title: Alignments 2
Speaker: Burkhard Rost
Audience: Computational Biology students
Audience: Computer Science Students
Date: 20130507
Title: Alignments 1
Audience: Computational Biology Students
Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten reactions involving ten intermediate compounds (one of the steps involves two intermediates). The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. This animation features the 3D protein structures of all ten enzymes as well as the enzyme substrate and products.
Date: 20130430
Title: Protein structure
Audience: Computer Science students


text:
We have 5 black purebred female Labrador puppies. AKC registered. Dew claws removed, first shots, wormed, vet cleared. Born 5/6/15, raised at home, have been around males, females, and children since birth. Serious inquiries only. Text 208.615.4286 or e...More info Email a friend
Purebreds and Lhasa Apso/Cocker mix. Mix is low shed. $500 208-741-0549More info Email a friend
Purebred blond male. Toy Poodle mixes males and female. Ready now. No shed. Call 208-741-0549 $700, $500More info Email a friend
Beautiful black & white markings. His wonderful personality will make you happy! See him at www.pppbostonterriers.blogspot.com. or call 208-539-3746.More info Email a friend
These pups are bred to work. They were born May 27th. ABCA registered. These puppies come from long lines of proven ranch dogs and winning trial dogs. The sire is a strong confident dog with lots of presence around stock. The Dam is very driven and never...More info Email a friend
website http://blmtschnoodles.tripod.com or call 541-566-9251 Health guaranteed. Ready July 11th. half poodle half schnauzer.More info Email a friend
1 black male 1 black female 1 liver male 5 liver females$650 males $750 females $200 nonrefundable deposit to hold pickSIRE - Wildwest Elhew Jesse (Wildwest Elhew Jonah x Wildwest Elhew Melissa) Grandparents - Wildwest Elhew Blake, Wildwest Elhew Gypsy, ...More info Email a friend
A variety of colors and cuteness to choose from. Shots and wormed. Dad and mom on site. $350 to $500 208-741-0549 or 541-889-8780More info Email a friend
4 Black Tri Males $500.00 2 Red-Tri Males $500.00, and 1 Red-Tri Female $600.00 located in Alturas, CA. Docked tails, dew claws removed, first shots, and UTD worming. Prices do not include breeding rights. Registerable with ASDR. Parents onsite. Super ...More info Email a friend
PRICE JUSR REDUCED!!Beautiful parti Yorkie from great lines! Both parents have been tested for eyes, heart, stifle and pasted with flying colors! This little guy is super sweet, great with other pets, children, and meeting new people. He is not a barker...More info Email a friend


text:
SingStar - PS2
4 out of 5
A terrific laugh
Best enjoyed drunk and/or at Xmas or birthdays
Karaoke? On the PlayStation 2? But it's just not cool. Or is it? We take a look at Sony's SingStar, which turns your favourite console into a karaoke machine, and purports to make you the star of the show. We tested SingStar as it can only be tested, with a handful of late-20 somethings and an elixir of fine wines.
Those USB sockets have had quite the time of it recently, as peripherals galore seem to be appearing. SingStar's most important feature is the microphone, which connects via an adapter connected to the USB port - and there are two so you can create delicate harmonies with your friends.
There are three gameplay modes - Sing, Party and Star Maker. Just as you'd expect, Sing is a straightforward get on the mic and sing, Party has a number of options for multiplayer fun, and Star Maker is a sort of career mode, without Simon Cowell or the money at the end of it. You can also integrate the EyeToy in party modes, to feel part of the action.
SingStar sells itself on its intelligent approach to singing - it can register the pitch, tone and rhythm of the singer/player so you can see visually whether you are in time or the right key. You are also judged, rather like in Dancing Stage, at the end of each line - so if you sing well, you get a good, and at the end of the game you get more points. If you concentrate and "try" you can get some good scores, but generally the bad singing is the most appreciated.
The range of songs (which come with their original video) is a strange mixture, from the modern Liberty X and Sophie Ellis Bextor, to A-Ha and Elvis, to Motorhead (and yes, the Village People are in there too). There doesn't seem to be a theme to the music other than "mixture", which might put some people off - it seems to be a scatter-gun approach to hitting the target market.
There is not much on the "urban" side which seems a shame, as huge slice of the PS2 owning population probably fancies themselves as a gangsta rapper, and to be fair, spitting the lyrics of 50 Cent or P Diddy (that's Puff Daddy's other name folks - sub Ed) is easier than producing the dulcet tones of George Michael. Perhaps an expansion pack is on its way.
Once you overcome the horror of singing through the TV in front of other people, this can be surprisingly fun. In addition to the singing, there is the playback mode, where you can listen to your performance and cringe. There are gimmick effects you can apply, such as baby voice, Barry White style mega bass and reverb. It's funny for a short while.


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WISN 12 News' partners at Patch have a story you'll want to check out before buying your next lottery ticket.
Patch put together an interactive map showing the luckiest lottery locations in southeastern Wisconsin.
If you click on the below link, you'll find the map. Click on the dots. They will show you how many winning tickets a store has sold and how much money was involved.
The views expressed are not those of this site, this station or its affiliated companies. By posting your comments you agree to accept our terms of use.blog comments powered by Disqus


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does he like me or what?
Question Posted Thursday July 12 2012, 7:11 pm
he is 22.
I've liked him since last august. i see him maybe every other month. but in the summer it's more like every few weeks. everytime i'm with him he gives me so much attention, hugs me first, walks me out, etc. he loves Jesus and i love that about him. he likes my statuses and pictures all the time.
but we don't text for fun or anything, maybe a little if he has a question. what does this mean?! does he even like me? why does this happen?!
Answer this question
Additional info, added Thursday July 12 2012, 9:58 pm:
also, i live 2 and a half hours away from him due to school. we met a year before i left, and now when i go home i usually see him.
Want to answer more questions in the Relationships category?
Maybe give some free advice about: Love Life?
answered Friday July 20 2012, 12:32 am:
He could like you or he could just be being friendly. i feel like you should start texting him maybe or messaging him. Then one time bring up the topic, but don't ask him if he likes you, ask him who he likes. But I would not bring this up beginning of conversation. Talk to him and little and when the conversation gets boring bring it up.
LoveYourself17's advice column
Ask LoveYourself17 A Question
answered Friday July 13 2012, 10:02 am:
you will never know unless you ask him!!
1) i think he does because he is nice to you
2) maybe he is a nice person and is nice to everyone - is he extra special to you? do you feel it?
3) what do YOU want to happen anyway?
4) maybe he likes you in a different level.. you have to make sure the feelings are the same levels all the time- thats how relationships work whether its friends, co workers, lovers, they all feel the same level and the respect is there..
go ahead ask..!! like... how are YOU ? do you have a girlfriend? stuff... check to feel first ..
good lucK!
annabanana's advice column
Ask annabanana A Question
answered Thursday July 12 2012, 9:42 pm:
It sounds like you don't get to spend as much time around him or talking to him as you'd like.. So maybe that should be a good place to start! You mentioned status' and pictures.. so I'm assuming that you are in contact with him via social networking sites like Facebook or Twitter... This would be a good place to ask him (privately) for his phone number so you could text or call.
This would give you a good platform to casually ask him to hang out with you and eventually give him the opportunity to either tell you how he feels about you himself, or give yourself the opportunity to ask him.
After all, that's the only REAL way to know if someone likes you.... Right?
Good luck!
interstate80's advice column
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The Confucius Classroom at Northeastern State University is a non-credit program within the Language and Cultural Center that works jointly with the University of Oklahoma's Confucius Institute, Hanban, and the People's Republic of China to offer courses and events that promote Chinese language and culture to students of NSU and the surrounding community.
Through these programs we hope to impart a better understanding of the rich history and deeply rooted language of this intriguing culture. Utilizing language, music, art and cuisine the Confucius Classroom plans to offer exciting workshops, events and unique experiences to all of Northeast Oklahoma.
For more information, please contact
Marla Stubblefield


text:
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Success! Thanks for repurchasing.{{/if}} {{else}} {{#if Expired}}
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{{#if HasMultiPack}} You have {{MultiPackCount}} top spot(s) left. Now loading you into the search listings... {{else}} You have used all top spots. Now loading you into the search listings... {{/if}}{{else}}
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{{#if HasFreeTopSpot }} {{ UnclaimedTopSpotFree }} Free {{/if}} {{#if HasPaidTopSpot }} {{#if HasFreeTopSpot }} & {{/if}} {{ MultiPackCount }} {{/if}} Top Spot{{#if Plural}}s{{/if}} Left{{else}}
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You can now invite anyone to meet at your favorite Starbucks.
Limited-time feature
27 year old woman | Conyers, GA, USA | Seeking men 27-30 within 20 miles
Ready to meet someone special :)
Ok lets see not really good at talking about myself so here it goes I love to be the life of the party :) ! Family means a lot to me I try and spend as much time with them as possible , I love the outdoors when its nice outside !! I love football and going to games with friends , Beach trips are my favorite :) ! love being a beach bum for a week ! Going to the lake with family and friends is always a good time ! Im just always up for about anything that my friends and family throw my way !!!!! What im looking for in a man , down to earth easy to talk to , knows how to have a good time and make me laugh , will pick up and the last min and go to the beach with me :) ! And is a all around nice guy and knows how to treat a women ! :)
Camping , Dining out , Fishing/Hunting , Music and concerts , Exploring new areas , Playing sports , Shopping/Antiques
Baseball, Bowling, Football, Running, Swimming, VolleyBall, Walking / Hiking
I exercise 1-2 times per week.
I have Dogs
Love dogs , had a lab ran away about month ago !
Some other viewpoint
DeKalb Technical College, Clarkston, GA
love country music , Soft rock
Love to fish :) , Softball , hang out with friends and family ! love to shop what girl doesnt ! :)
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
|What she is looking for
|5'11" (180cms)
|6'1" (185cms) to 6'5" (195cms)
|Body type:
|Slender, Athletic and toned
|No preference
|Dark brown
|Light brown, Dark brown, Blonde
|I'll tell you later
|No Way, Occasionally, Yes, but trying to quit
|Social Drinker
|Social Drinker
|Medical / Dental / Veterinary / Fitness
|No preference
Im a dental assistant in roswell love my job ! :)
|I'll tell you later
|$50,001 to $75,000, $75,001 to $100,000, $100,001 to $150,000, $150,001+
|Never Married
|Never Married, Divorced
|Have kids:
|Yes, and they sometimes live at home, No, Yes, and they live at home
|Wants kids:
|White / Caucasian
|White / Caucasian
|Christian / Catholic
|No preference
|Associates degree
|Some college, Associates degree, Bachelors degree, Graduate degree, PhD / Post Doctoral


text:
8554 - Mobile Home 6 pers.
from £91 /night help Price for guests, Nights
from £91 /night help Price for guests, Nights
Estimated nightly price based on a weekly stay. Excludes fees (if applicable). Enter your dates to see the total cost.
House / 2 bedrooms / sleeps 6
Availability Your dates are available
House / 2 bedrooms / sleeps 6
|Key Info
Please note these Check-in Day Requirements for this property: Nov 27 - Nov 28 : Friday and Saturday check-out required.;
"Mobile Home 6 pers.", 3-room chalet 40 m2, simple and practical furnishings: small living/dining room with 1 double sofa bed, separate WC and TV. 1 small room with 2 beds. 1 small room with 1 french bed. Open kitchen (4 hotplates, oven, electric coffee machine). Bath-room, shower/WC. Small terrace. Terrace furniture. Reserved parking. Please note: non-smokers only. Maximum 1 pet/ dog allowed.Family friendly, cosy holiday development "Camping Le Val de l'Aisne". 100 m from the woods edge, 50 m from the lake. For shared use: tennis, table tennis, boules, volleyball, badminton (extra), children's playground. In the complex: reception, restaurant, bar. Parking by the house. Shop 2 km, supermarket 2 km, restaurant 2 km, bar 2 km, bakers 2 km, railway station "Melreux - Hotton" 13 km. Nearby attractions: Grotten Hotton 7 km, Kasteel van La Roche 22 km. Please note: car essential. Entertainment in high season. Suitable for families, baby equipment on request (extra). Waste disposal costs: EUR 1,50 / garbage bag (min. 3 per week). Cot EUR 25 extra caution. Preferences EUR 10 to be paid on the spot.
|Sleeps up to 6, 2 bedrooms
|Pets welcome, No smoking at this property
Features and Facilities
|2 bedrooms, 3 bathrooms of which 3 Family bathrooms
|Balcony or terrace
|Parking, Suitable for people with restricted mobility, Not suitable for wheelchair users
The Ardennes region
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Help other travellers decide where to stay
This holiday home hasn't got any reviews yet. The average rating on Holiday Lettings is four out of five. This place could be newly added or perhaps it's a well kept secret. Either way, it's time to reveal all.
This advert is created and maintained by the advertiser; we can only publish adverts in good faith as we don't own, manage or inspect any of the properties. We advise you to familiarise yourself with our terms of use.
You're booking with
Red Awning (Property Manager RedAwning)
- 1 Years listed
100% Response rate
Calendar last updated:05 Jul 2015
Based in United States
- English
Payment accepted
Credit cards accepted


text:
Search the collections
Where is it from?
- A Place & Date Depicted Doncaster East, Australia
Similar items over time
Digital Photograph - Family Christmas Party with Decorated Tree, Front Yard, Doncaster East, 1962 Reg. No: MM 110220
- Summary:
- A Christmas party in the front yard, East Doncaster, December 1962. This house was designed through The Age newspaper 'Small Homes Service' and built by a contract builder. Ron Booth worked for a hardware company and so had access to cheap materials. They started building in 1959.
- Description Of Content:
- A Christmas party in a front yard, with a large pine tree decorated with baubles and balloons.
- Acquisition Information:
- Copied from Mrs Carol Booth, 2006
- Acknowledgement:
- Contributed by Carol Booth
More information
|Themes this item is part of:
|Public Life & Institutions Collection, Melbourne's Biggest Family Album Collection
|Primary Classification:
|Secondary Classification:
|Tertiary Classification:
|family gatherings
|People Depicted:
|Booth, Phyllis; Booth, Helen; John, Booth; Booth, Carol; Booth, Harvey; Booth, Charmian; Booth, Alan
|Digital Still Image: Black & White; Tiff
|Place & Date Depicted:
|Doncaster East, Victoria, Australia, Dec 1962
Source of Date Depicted: Based on the contributor's daughter's age in this photograph.
|Mr Ron Booth
This item is part of the following themes:
Similar items
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text:
paTKany Over 9000◯◯△◎◎◎×△◎◎
Blog (1)
- DiaryThe Eternity I Wish For
3 months ago1217 6 89%
I've been watching anime actively since 1988, and collecting anime/manga/eroge/moe related merchandise since 1999. My collection consists mostly of plush dolls and figures, but artbooks, cels, tapestries and anything Tokimeki Memorial/Idolm@ster/To Heart/He is My Master related are fine too.
Besides that, I LOVE western style porcelain dolls, but those are extremely space consuming, so my porcelain doll collection restricted to a few.
Comments (200)
03 months ago (3 months ago)Megamadic
Item #295520
Item #295521
Fixed these two alerts
06 months agonouhimex3
i wanted to thank you for the entry post you edit on sengoku musou 4 goods, i am still new on here and missed a minor entry post; so for that i wanted to thank you so much ^0^
08 months ago (8 months ago)AnimeChibi101
item #257263 Fixed C: Sorry for any trouble caused.
08 months agoTokitokii Happiness Therapy
Hi, i seek your help, can you please close those alert who are useless as the person could do the change or pm me instead thanks Alerte item #255591 and (mfc link)
08 months agoghostmuffin
thank you for cleaning up the entries on the neptune things i posted last night. there was a lot of them so i steamrolled through it to be sure i posted all of 'em, so i may have overlooked some details or not done enough research. thanks again. c:
09 months agoNuramoon
my fault I enter ISBN10 in first time, i add all 7 same time so i dont notice it.
Other program had the 13er in other sequence listed.
What did you enter the field as ISBN?
011 months agoAnimeChibi101
Thanks for updating the two Fate/Stay Night Lancer items! C:
011 months agoMarco-Kun Sonico lover
Oh alright, got it ^^ Thanks!
* Do not repeat the origin in the title.
It's redundant, therefore not needed.Adding books Rules&Recommendations
011 months agoMarco-Kun Sonico lover
I see you edited this entry and removed the title:
item #234394
Isn't that how the book is called? I'm confused :P
011 months agoaeonblue SHSL Procrastinator
Eleven page Anmi art plus the cover, the rest is anime illustrations for magazines. No text pages, just illustrations.
Thanks :D
011 months ago (11 months ago)SNL
I saw you edited item #232870 because it can also be used as a coin bank, but even then, wouldn't it be better to leave it as a prepainted figure that can also be used as something else ? Misc is so ambiguous and being a coin bank is not its primary use. Any thoughts ?
01 year ago (1 year ago)aeonblue SHSL Procrastinator
Hi, I noticed that you own this item #205445 and was wondering if you could tell me what you think of it? Also how much of Anmi's art is in there as opposed to the anime's art? (I'm a big fan of Anmi's work ^^).
01 year ago (1 year ago)Keripo 「ケリポ」
Are you up for a challenge? :)
(mfc link)
I've been busy adding all Sonico Ichiban Kuji items and classifications and separating all existing ones. Expect for a few Alerts for some entries that I cannot edit.
Yeah, that's what I thought, but I wanted to be really sure ^^ Thank you :) That will help.
Variants are for
1. The same thing released in different color. (E.g. figure repaints.)
2. Almost the same thing released with minor difference. (E.g. waving vs. peace sign figure, different console release of the same video game, ...)Nope. Those are completely different items.
Ah alright, found it ^^ Thank you.
Should items like this be added as variants?
item #155718
item #203328
item #203329
item #203330
The Link/Unlink feature in the item top menu is where you can create Variant and Bundle links.Yes.
Sorry for this other question, but as I am going through some Sonico Ichiban Kuji stuff and separating them, I find some stuff that aren't Drafts, so I cannot edit them. Do I just 'report' those?
I have another question. I added this plus two other variants earlier: item #203028
I searched for the option to add them as variants, but I couldn't find it. I see that they have been added already, but I'm wondering, can I add things as variants?
I guess you are right, although I collect Sonico stuff too and I do not have all of those. I can imagine there are more people that do not have all versions. I will get 3 packages, at least, but all of them are the same :P Whenever I come across an Ichiban Kuji item like the one I showed your earlier, I will separate them whenever I can ^^
Thanks for the info ^^
According to the rules, yes it should be. But I didn't alert that entry back then when it was added because all of them are Sonico, so it's less likely to collect only part of them by someone who's a Sonico fan. All in all, if you have good pictures of those you can add them separately and edit the original to one.
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- 5 years ago
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- Those where the cute girls doing cute things.
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text: GALLERIES Rinko Kikuchi Back to Top ▲ Rinko Kikuchi Rinko Kikuchi Rinko Kikuchi Pictures AskMen Editors Share on Facebook Share on Twitter 0 Shares While she is an extremely accomplished actress in her homeland, Rinko Kikuchi didn't make it in the U.S. until her breakthrough role in Babel (2006) for which she became the first Japanese actress to be nominated for an Academy Award in 50 years. Continue reading Rinko Kikuchi's profile. Next Page gallery Comments Show Comments More Like This Promoted Around the Web Special Features Special Feature Over 100 Ways To Make This The Most Jaw-Dropping Year Of Your Life Read More Special Feature 100 Ways To Look Better Than You Do Now. Smooth Up, Man. Read More Special Feature From Dating To Fitness, Over 75 Ways Men Are Winning 2015 Read More ad


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Carl Barks Donald Duck Painting Original Art (c. 1984)....
2010 November Dallas Signature Comics & Comic Art Auction #7027
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Barks, Carl:Carl Barks (American, 1901-2000): For the Disney Duck-loving world, it was Carl Barks who exploited the globe-trotting adventures of the Disney Ducks to their fullest, with nearly 500 stories to his credit. His colorful cast of creations includes Scrooge McDuck, Gladstone Gander, Gyro Gearloose , the Junior Woodchucks, the Beagle Boys, Magica De Spell, and Flintheart Glomgold. After Barks eased into his retirement from his heavy workload at Western Publishing, he supplemented his income with oil paintings sold at local art shows. Early subjects included humorous scenes of life on the farm and portraits of Native American princesses. After a few comic book fan/detectives discovered that Barks was the "Good Duck Artist," they commissioned Disney Duck scenes based on Barks' most memorable stories. The popularity and value of these paintings has grown enormously ever since. In 2000, the beloved "Good Duck Artist" died at age 99, only a few months shy of his 100th birthday..
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A class of nanocomposite amorphous materials consisting of interpenetrating random networks of predominantly sp3 bonded carbon stabilized by hydrogen, silicon stabilized by oxygen, and, optionally, random networks of metal elements from groups 1-7b and 8b of the periodic table.
1. A class of diamond-like solid state materials formed from interpenetrating networks of carbon, hydrogen and alloying alloying elements, comprising a first network of predominantly sp3 bonded carbon in a diamond-like carbon network stabilized by hydrogen, and at least one network made from alloying elements, including a second silicon network stabilized by oxygen and, optionally, a third metal network of metal elements from groups 1-7b and 8b of the periodic table wherein the carbon content of the solid state material is at least 40 atomic % of the sum of carbon and the other alloying elements, the hydrogen content is up to about 40 atomic % of the carbon concentration, and the sum of concentration of alloying elements is greater than about 2 atomic % of the sum of carbon, hydrogen, and the alloying elements.
2. A class of diamond-like solid state materials according to claim 1, wherein the alloying elements comprise alone or in combination B, Li, Na, Si, Ge, Te, O, Mo, W, Ta, Nb, Pd, It, Pt, V, Fe, Co, Mg, Mn, Ni, Ti, Zr, Cr, Re, Hf, Cu, Ag, and Au.
3. A class of materials according to claim 1, wherein the structure of the materials is amorphous and clusterless.
This application is a divisional application of Ser. No. 695,552, filed May 3, 1991 and issued Oct. 4, 1994 as U.S. Pat. No. 5,352,493.
1. Field of the invention
The invention relates to a new class of diamond-like solid state materials, especially films and coatings thereof, and methods of their manufacture. The materials include a clusterless diamond-like nanocomposite structure which contains interpenetrating networks of a diamond-like matrix stabilized by hydrogen, and a silicon glass-like network stabilized by oxygen, and contains, in addition to carbon, hydrogen, silicon and oxygen, and other elements, especially any or a combination of transition metals of 1b-7b,8 groups of the periodic table.
2. Description of the prior art
Diamond-like carbon (dlc) films are unique materials which possess many of the technologically important properties of diamond, such as high hardness, high chemical stability, electrochemical and wear resistance, high electrical resistivity and high thermal conductivity. The amorphous nature of dlc films, unlike diamond, allows the synthesis of extremely uniform, smooth, nonporous, thin films with thicknesses as low as 10 nm and a low coefficient of friction. While the synthesis of diamond films require substrate temperatures in excess of about 800� C., dlc films can be synthesized at close to room temperature. Further, dlc films can be deposited on virtually any substrate material. As a result of these factors, a number of coating applications of dlc films have recently been developed.
Dlc films are formed by a variety of low pressure processes such as d.c., r.f or microwave plasma decomposition of hydrocarbon gases, laser ablation of graphite and low energy carbon ion beam deposition.
A common factor in most of these processes is the bombardment of the growth surface by low energy ions in the range of about 100-1000 eV. However, there are serious problems related to the synthesis and application of dlc films. Key problems are low adherence to a number of useful substrates, high residual stress levels (particularly at the dlc/substrate interface) and a low fatigue threshold. Further, the high electrical resistivity of dlc films, limits their field of applications largely to protective coatings and some optical applications. A key problem is the low thermal stability of dlc films. Complete graphitization occurs at temperatures above 600� C.
Recently, extensive work has been devoted to a new class of carbon-base micro-composites (R. d'Agostino, ed., Plasma Deposition, Treatment, and Etching of Polymers, Academic Press, San Diego, 1990). The term "composite" is used to stress that the main microstructural feature of this class of materials, distinguishable, for example, by electron microscopy, is the existence of regions of one of the constituents dispersed randomly in the matrix of another. At low concentration of metallic elements in an organic matrix, (dielectric regime) the microstructural inhomogeneities (small metallic inclusions) are randomly dispersed in the organic matrix. As the metal concentration is increased, the metal inclusions grow and form a maze network (transition regime). At the percolation threshold, which is characterized by macroscopic connectivity of the inclusions, most of the characteristics of the composite material change abruptly. By increasing the concentration of metal atoms further, a metallic regime is reached and the material can be characterized as a metallic continuum with dielectric inclusions. In this respect, plasma polymerized polymer/metal films differ fundamentally from plasma polymerizod organometallic films, where the metals are usually dispersed as chemically bonded atoms.
A particular class of carbon-based microcomposites which have been investigated, are based on the inclusion of heavy metals, e.g. W, in an hydrogenated amorphous matrix. Usually, metals form carbides in such films. Weissmantel et al. (J. Vac. Sci. Technol. Vol. A 4, 2892.) fabricated amorphous carbon films containing extremely small metal clusters. However, upon annealing at temperatures above 1000 K., a segregation of small carbide or small metal crystallites was observed. The presence of only a small amount of the metal (˜3 at %) appeared to influence the microstructure of the metastable carbon matrix, which exhibited a sharp drop in microhardness and resistivity.
According to an aspect of the invention, there is provided a new class of materials based on a diamond-like carbon (dlc) matrix which serves as the host matrix for the synthesis of nanocomposite structures which includes an interpenetrating glass-like silicon network. The glass-like silicon network imparts high stability to the diamond-like carbon matrix. The high temperature stability of these nanocomposites exceeds that of crystalline diamond one while preserving the amorphous, diamond-like state.
Another feature of the invention is the introduction of transition metals into the dlc matrix during its growth, resulting in a composite structure of three semi-independent interpenetrating networks consisting of the dlc host network the silicon-oxygen network and the transition metal network. The electrical properties of this structure can be continuously varied over at least 18 orders of magnitude from a purely dielectric to a metallic state while preserving the basic properties of the dlc state. A transition to a superconducting state, with the absence of electrical resistivity, is observed at low temperatures for certain three-network nanocomposites. The presence of the silicon-based and the transition metal-based networks leads to a structural composite network, rather than compound formation with carbon or silicon. The two-network and three-network nanocomposite structures have unique mechanical, physics-chemical and electrical properties, and represent a fundamentally novel class of amorphous solid materials.
Another feature of the invention is the method of synthesis of the nanocomposite networks by codeposition by clusterless beams of ions, atoms or radicals of the relevant elements, where the mean free path of each particle species exceeds the distance between its source and the growing film surface, and each beam contains particles of well defined energy. Carbon-containing particle beams can be produced by plasma discharge in a triode pinsmatron and extracted as charged particles by a high-voltage field in a vacuum chamber and directed onto the substrate.
In a particular feature of the invention, organs-silicon compounds, e.g. siloxanes, are chosen as precursors for the C, H, Si, and O components. In this case, a specially designed system is required for introducing the precursor compound into the plasma generator. Metal containing particle beams can be produced by any, or by a combination, of known methods which prevents particle collisions in the deposition chamber.
Diamond-like nanocomposites have a wide range of applications ranging in areas such as protective coatings, electronic materials, superconducting current carrying films and wires, sensors, and biocompatible materials. The combination of the chemical and mechanical resistance of the diamond-like state, extreme temperature stability and wide range of electronic properties open the possibilities for a variety of applications.
The main features of the invention will become apparent upon examination of the accompanying drawings wherein:
FIG. 1A, 1B and 1C are schematic diagram showing the principle microstructure of two-network (A), intermediate (B), and three-network (C) nanocomposites.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the dependence of electrical resistivity on concentration for the case of a W-dlc nanocomposite.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing, the dependence of electrical resistivity on temperature for a W-alloyed film, demonstrating the transition to a superconducting state. Curves (1), (2) and (3) correspond to W-alloyed films with room temperature resistivities of 0.01, 0.017 and 0.02 ohm-cm, respectively.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram detailing the main method of fabrication of the diamond-like nanocomposites. 1 is the vacuum deposition chamber, 2 is the plasma generation chamber, 3 is a porous ceramic for injection of liquid siloxane precursors, 4 are two resistively heated tungsten electrodes, 5 are substrates to be coated with diamond-like film, 6 is a substrate holder and 7 is a port connecting to a vacuum pump.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram detailing the methods of fabrication of diamond-like nanocomposites using reflected beam flow 1 is the vacuum deposition chamber, 2 is the plasma generation chamber, 3 is a porous ceramic for injection of liquid siloxane precursors, 4 are two resistively heated tungsten electrodes, 5 are substrates to be coated with diamond-like film, 6 is a substrate holder, 7 is a port connecting to a vacuum pump and 8 is a reflecting electrode.
The microstructure of the new class of diamond-like nanocomposite solid state materials has a diamond-like carbon network stabilized by hydrogen, a glass-like silicon network stabilized by oxygen, with both networks mutually stabilizing each other as shown in FIG. 1(A). The materials may have a separate disordered network of alloying elements, as shown in FIG. 1(B) and 1(C), especially any one or a combination of the transition metals of the groups 1b-7b and 8 of the periodic table, and all three networks (the carbon matrix, a-Si, and a-Me) are bonded to each other predominantly by weak chemical forces. The network elements other than carbon and hydrogen are hereafter referred to as alloying elements.
The carbon concentration in the diamond-like nanocomposites exceeds 40 atomic % of the sum of C and the other alloying elements. Hydrogen may or may not be present up to about 40 atomic % of the carbon concentration. The sum of the concentration of alloying elements exceeds 2 atomic %. The alloying elements include, but are not limited to, one or more of the following: B, Li, Na, Si, Ge, Te, O, Mo, W, Ta, Nb, Pd, Ir, Pt, V, Fe, Co, Mg, Mn, Ni, Ti, Zr, Cr, Re, Hf, Cu, Ag and Au.
The diamond-like nanocomposite materials have an amorphous structure and do not contain clusters or areas of ordering greater than 10 Angstroms. The alloying elements are distributed as separate atoms or as a separate disordered network, and all three networks (the carbon matrix, amorphous silicon, and amorphous metal) are bonded to each other predominantly by weak chemical forces.
The presence of the glass-like silicon network, stabilized by oxygen, serves to prevent the growth of graphitic carbon at high temperatures, to prevent metal duster formation in metal-containing three-network nanocomposites, and reduce the internal stress in the nanocomposite structure and thereby enhance the adhesion to substrates.
The diamond-like nanocomposites have temperature stability far exceeding that of traditional diamond-like materials. Crystalline diamond is stable to approximately 1100� C., upon which graphitization occurs. Quartz has long term thermal stability to 1470� C., and short-time thermal stability up to 1700� C. The diamond-like nanocomposite structure has long term stability to 1250� C., and short term stability to 2000� C., i.e. its thermal stability exceeds that of crystalline diamond. In contrast, traditional, non-alloyed diamond-like films are stable only to about 600� C. before graphitization.
In the range from 600� to 1000� C. the chemical bonds of the carbon matrix of diamond-like nanocomposite materials partly change from sp3 to sp2. However, the general structure of the nanocomposite and their "diamond-like" properties are preserved. Under the same conditions, the usual diamond-like carbon is graphitized and losses its diamond-like properties.
Further, in the range from 400� to 500� C. (with 430� C. as the optimum), a reverse annealing is observed, whereby the ratio of sp3 to sp2 is increased.
The density of the C--Si two-network composites varies from 1.8 to 2.1 g/cm3. The rest of the space is taken up by a random network of nanopores with diameter varying from 0.28 to 0.35 nm. The nanopore network does not form clusters and micropores. The alloying elements fill the nanopore network in a random fashion, resulting in a metal network without clusters or microcrystalline grains, even at concentrations as high as 50 atomic %. At densities below about 10 atomic % the alloying elements are distributed as separate atoms in the nanopores of the diamond-like matrix. The average distance between metal atoms in this quasi-random structure can be controlled by the density of the metal. When the density of the alloying metallic element reaches approximately 20-25 atomic %, the metals form a third, metallic, network in the nanocomposite structure, as shown in FIG. 1(C), resulting in a metal with diamond-like mechanical and chemical properties. FIG. 2 shows the resistivity in ohm-cm as a function of the concentration of W for a W-alloyed film. Metallic conductivity is reached for a W concentration in the range of 15-50 atomic % of the alloying element.
At low temperatures the W-based three-network metallic nanocomposite undergoes a transition to a superconducting state with complete absence of electrical resistivity, as shown in FIG. 3, where the maximum superconducting transition temperature is 3.9 K. The critical temperature for the transition to the superconducting state for the W-based nanocomposite is more than 300 times greater than the corresponding transition temperature for pure W metal. The transition temperature to a superconducting state depends on the concentration of the W alloying element. The number associated with each curve represents the room temperature resistivity of the material in units of ohm-cm. The three curves correspond to W concentration in the range of 15-50 atomic %.
In the intermediate concentration regime, with the density between about 10 atomic % and 20 atomic %, the metal atoms form a fragmented, random network, without macroscopic connectivity. The electronic properties of the fragmented metallic network depend strongly on external mechanical loading, pressure and electromagnetic fields. The diamond-like nanocomposites with alloying elements in this concentration regime have applications as smart materials and sensors.
The nanocomposites combine high microhardness with high elasticity. The microhardness ranges from 1500 to 3000 kg/mm2 on the Vickers scale.
The key characteristics of the diamond-like nanocomposites is the absence of clusters on the atomic scale. Clusters destroy the local-symmetry and serve as active centers of degradation.
The methods of fabrication have been developed to minimize the formation of clusters in the sources, in the primary plasma, in the deposition chamber and during the film growth. The materials can be synthesized by co-deposition of clusterless beams of ions, atoms and/or radicals, with the mean free path of each particle species exceeding the distance between its source and the growing film surface. At least 50% of the carbon-containing particles have kinetic energy above 100 eV, and the temperature of the substrate during growth should not exceed 500� C.
The growth conditions for nanocomposite films are the following, referring to FIG. 4: the pressure in the deposition chamber I should not exceed 10-3 torr, the pressure in the active zone of plasma generation 2 is in the range 1.0�10-3 -5.0�10-2 torr, the temperature of the substrate should not exceed 200� C., the temperature of the cathode filaments is in the range of 2100�-2950� C., the current in the cathode filaments is 70-130 A, the voltage across the filament is 20-30 V, the voltage of the cathode with respect to ground is 70-130 V, the plasma current is from 1.0- 20.0 A, The voltage of the substrate holder is 0.3-5.0 Kv, all the carbon-containing species have kinetic energy in the range from 100 to 1200 eV, the silicon-containing particles have energy in the range from 25 to 300 eV, and the metal beams consist of free atoms or monatomic ions, and the kinetic energy of the metal atoms/ions does not exceed 25 eV. With a precursor flow rate of 0.5-5.0 cc/hour, the growth rate is 0.1-2.0 micrometers/hour.
A preferred method of deposition uses a plasma discharge in a triode pinsmatron, as shown schematically in FIG. 4, with the plasma energy density above 5 Kwh/gram-atom of carbon. The charge particles are extracted by a high-voltage field in the vacuum chamber and directed onto the substrate. It is preferable that the potential of the substrate holder is -0.3 to +5.0 Kv, and the most preferable 1.0�0.2 Kv, and varying with a frequency in the range from 1 to 25 Mhz, and that the ratio of the electron emission to the carbon precursor flow in the plasmatron is from 0.5 to 1.5 electrons per particle.
Organosilicon compounds, such as siloxanes, are preferred precursors for C, H, Si, and O. One preferred organo-silicon compound is polyphenylmethylsiloxane, containing from 1 to 10 silicon atoms. The high boiling point siloxanes may be introduced directly into the active plasma region through a microporous ceramic or metallo-ceramic (3 in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5) which is heated by thermocathodes (4). The photon and electron emission of the thermocathodes effect the evaporation, fragmentation and ionization of the precursor molecules on the surface of the ceramic, which thereby function as an ion source for the plasma generator. An alterative method for injection of the siloxane precursors is to use direct injection from a diffusion pump.
The formation of metal containing beams may be realized by any one of, or combination of the following methods: 1) by thermal evaporation; 2) by ion-sputtering; 3) by ion beams. The metal atom, or ion, beams are directed onto the growing film surface through the vacuum chamber to exclude interparticle collisions in the deposition chamber itself. Substrates are placed in an adjacent chamber on a multiposition drum which ensures double rotary motion, said adjacent chamber being connected to the plasma generation chamber by an opening for the emission of the atomic or ionic beams, as shown schematically in FIG. 4. A dc or a radio frequency potential is generally applied to the substrates during the deposition process. No external substrate heating is required.
Variation of the above described methods for deposition of diamond-like nanocomposite films include: the use of sputtered silicon and oxygen gas as precursors for Si and O; the use of sputtered solid SiO2 as silicon and oxygen precursor; the use of sputtered carbon and hydrogen or hydrocarbon gas are used as carbon and hydrogen precursors; any combination of the above described methods.
For deposition on non-conducting substrates, a method whereby a flow of neutral radicals is reflected from a high voltage target and directed to the substrate as shown schematically in FIG. 5. The process employs depositions similar to those shown schematically in FIG. 4, except that a reflecting electrode 8 is used to generate a neutral beam. This process eliminates surface damage of the substrate resulting from charged and/or fast particles impinging on the substrate during film growth.
A preferred method for depositing ultra-thin dielectric diamond-like nanocomposite films consists of ion bombardment through (e.g. Ar+ or Kr+ with energy on the range 30-150 eV) through a vacuum chamber which has been backfilled by siloxane vapor (about 3�10-4 torr). This results in a self-stabilized growth of a nanocomposite film, with the maximum thickness controlled by the maximum tunneling distance for the relaxation of the charge of the absorbed radicals. Extremely uniform and nonporous films with a thickness of 3-5 nm may thus be deposited. The maximum thickness is in the range of 6-8 nm.
The diamond-like nanocomposites have a wide range of applications ranging from protective coating against chemical wear and corrosion as well as applications as active materials for electronic applications. Stabilization of the structure of diamond-like films and the possibility to control the electrical conductivity for the creation of a third metallic network serves to enhance the range of applicability of this unique class of materials.
Some specific examples of applications of the diamond-like nanocomposite materials include the following:
The combination of high microhardness with high elasticity and virtually absence of internal strain and stress provide strongly adhesive hard coatings for protection of computer hard disks and micromechanics devices. The coatings provide a stress-free interface and the strong adhesion to any magnetic layers of computer hard disk. The coatings are exceptionally smooth and have low coefficient of friction, providing self-lubrication effects to protect the recording head. Electrically conducting films provide anti-electrostatic protection, resulting in minimal dust coverage. Computer hard disks coated with diamond-like nanocomposite films with a thickness of 25-40 nm, were subjected to more than 30 000 start-stop cycles with no measurable change in the quality of the coating.
Three-network films containing heavy transition metals as W, can be used as Schottky barrier contacts for semiconductor device technology for high speed integrated circuits. Extremely stable, low leakage-current Schottky barrier contacts have been formed between three-network containing nanocomposite films and n-type Si and GaAs. The barrier heights and ideality factor were about 0.82-0.86 eV, 1.2-1.5 respectively, reverse breakdown voltages in excess of -25 V with GaAs and in excess of -100 V with Si. These values are comparable to those achieved for the best refractory metals, nitrides and silicides. In addition to forming Schottky barrier contacts, nanocomposite films can also serve as insulating, passivating and protecting films in Si and GaAs
MIS structures, as optically transparent protective windows for GaAs optoelectronic circuits, and as gate material in self-aligned FET technology.
W-containing nanocomposites have been used as the thermal resistive elements in ink-jet printheads. The films exhibited higher stability than any material previously used. W-containing nanocomposite thermoresistors were subjected to more than 2�108 thermal cycles to temperatures above 1000� C. without change of the material properties.
Microbiological tests have shown complete chemical inertness of diamond-like nanocomposites to different cultures and tissues. Both plastic, metallic, and combined stomatological implants have been successfully protected by diamond-like nanocomposite coatings. In all cases which have been investigated, the undesirable side effects associated with implantation were dramatically reduced, particularly during the period of adaptation. The combination of hardness, flexibility, adhesion, low friction and biocompatibility provide excellent protective coatings to a variety of orthopedic devices and artificial implants as well as surgical tools.
Nanocomposite coatings have been demonstrated to be extremely stable protective coatings against highly reactive and corrosive organic and inorganic agents. For example, prolonged exposure, over the course of 9 months, to the highly corrosive aqueous environment at the bottom of the Black Sea, as well as exposure for 2 hours at 1523 K. in concentrated flowing HCI, has shown these films to be impermeable to these highly aggressive media. At the same time these coatings impart extreme smoothness and low coefficient of friction and minimizes the wear of the coated objects.
Exceptionally stable and accurate electromechanical position sensors have been constructed based on nanocomposites with controlled resistivity. The sensors are based on a sliding metallic contact to an alloyed nanocomposite film with resistivity in the range of 0.1-10 ohm-cm, with 1.0 ohm-cm being the preferred resistivity. The thickness of the nanocomposite films is in the range of 0.01 1.0 micrometers, with the range 0.2-0.5 micrometers being the preferred range of thickness. A nanocomposite film with a resistivity of 1.0 ohm-cm and thickness of 0.5 micrometer provided a variance in the resistivity as a function of position of 0.02%.
The unique combination of strong adhesion and protective properties against mechanical and chemical wear on the one hand, and high degree of transparency of two-network nanocomposites in a wide range of the ultraviolet, visible and infrared spectrum, has been taken advantage of in applications as protective coatings for mirrors, solar cells, infrared optical elements, sun glasses and glasses for arc welding. For example, germanium-based optical devices for high altitude aircrafts have been successfully protected by nanocomposite coatings with a thickness in the range of 300-3000 Angstroms; space-based solar cells were protected with coatings in the range of 300-2000 Angstroms; airport mirrors with diameter 800 mm were protected with coatings in the range of 300-2000 Angstroms; transmission of ultraviolet through sunglasses radiation was blocked with coatings in the range of 300-3000 Angstroms; and ultraviolet transmission through protective glasses for arc welding was blocked with coatings in the range of 2000-6000 Angstroms.
The combination of biocompatibility, chemical and wear resistance, adhesion, barrier properties, low friction, and elasticity with controllable optical properties can provide antiallergic coatings for protection of jewelry, such as earrings, fabricated from silver and other metals. The allergic reaction to silver and other metals is widespread. Two-network coatings with a thickness of 0.03-1.0 micrometer were shown to block direct contact between the skin and the metallic allergen, resulting in the absence of any allergic reactions for silver earrings. In addition, the outward appearance of the jewelry can be preserved or new color created depending on the thickness, composition and growth conditions of the coatings. Two-layer or multi-layer coatings can produce additional effects, such as having the outer layer provide antiallergic protection, and underlying layers provide different colored appearance, e.g. golden luster.
Two-network coatings are transparent and their refractive index can be varied from 1.9 to 2.5. The coatings can provide bright colored surfaces. With a thickness of the coatings below about 45 nm, the colors are uniform even on curved surfaces of metallic devices. Coatings with a thickness in the range of 1000-3000 Angstroms are multicolored on complex shapes. Coatings with thickness greater than 3000 Angstroms are uniformly dark colored. Golden and neutral colors (gray, dark-gray, deep dark blue and other) can be also be produced by depositing three-network coatings on metallic and nonmetallic surfaces.
Two-network nanocomposites with thickness 10-100 nm are transparent to electrons with energies in the range of 10-100 eV, while providing high barrier properties against air and vapor. These coatings have been used to stabilize the emission properties of multipoint cathodes. This allows the use of nanocomposite films as free-standing windows for vacuum electron devices.
Taking advantage of the combination of high thermal conductivity and low secondary emission, two network nanocomposite films with a thickness in the range of 0.5-2.0 micrometers have been used as protective coatings on the grids of color TV image tubes. This resulted in enhanced image contrast and current parameters of the tube.
The electrical conductivity of W-based nanocomposite films with thickness in the range of 2000 to 5,000 Angstroms and with a W concentration between 20 and 50 atomic % were measured at low temperatures using a helium cryostat. A transition to a superconductive state was observed at a temperature of 3.9 K. for a film which had a room temperature resistivity of 0.002 ohm-cm. The transition temperature is more than 300 times higher than that of pure tungsten metal. The films have applications as superconducting current carriers for transmission of electric power, as superconducting electrical interconnects on integrated circuits, and as superconducting contacts in Josephson junctions for the manufacture of superconducting quantum interference devices. Nonalloyed, dielectric diamond-like nanocomposite f@ can be used as the dielectric separator in the Josephson junctions.
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39 year old man | Santa Monica, CA, USA | Seeking women 24-38 within 20 miles
Active within 24 hours
On the quest for my One and only...
I'm a native New Yorker who had a hard time choosing between city life, mountain life and all-around beach-bumminess, which is why I ended up in L.A. 15 years ago. I like traveling and exploring other cultures. Surfing tops the list, so I live at the beach. I like to explore the wilderness... on foot, on wheels....and perhaps someday on horseback! I must make a disclaimer- I'm actually 42- but showing a younger age so that you would actually look at me. Other than that I am always truthful. I'm very into the preservation of the environment, and hope to find someone who's also green minded. I have a good way of making people comfortable and well liked wherever I go, which means I make friends very easily and am surrounded by great people in my life. However, I?m missing that one awesome woman who I can shower with affection and be happy with. I have so much warmth to share, and would like to be inspired by a bright smile, a kind heart, creative mind, and overall beauty. I?m looking for a woman who loves the laid-back island lifestyle, but still strives to be a mover and a shaker wherever she goes. I hope to find someone who is passionate, intelligent and knows how to enjoy the little things..... someone who iss genuine, down-to-Earth, and not afraid to let loose and be silly. I'd like to be with a woman with whom I can have endless conversations with and yet also be comfortable with just sitting and relaxing. It's especially important that the woman I end up with has strong core family values and wants to eventually make a beautiful one of her own.
Camping , Cooking , Dining out , Gardening/Landscaping , Hobbies and crafts , Movies/Videos , Museums and art , Music and concerts , Nightclubs/Dancing , Political interests , Travel/Sightseeing , Wine tasting
Cycling, Dancing, Inline skating, Martial arts, Other types of exercise, Skiing, Swimming, Tennis / Racquet sports, Walking / Hiking, Weights / Machines, Yoga
I exercise 3-4 times per week.
I have Dogs, Fish
I rescued a Staffordshire Terrier last year- she's the prettiest sweetest dog ever! You'll fall in love with her first ;)
Italy, Spain, Sweden, El Salvador, San Fran NYC. Good surf anywhere is heaven for me, esp low tide at Topanga or Malibu. Others are Temescal Canyon, Boulder, Sandpoint ID and Mammoth!
University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO
I love the reggae beat, spicy food, and the divine feeling of riding a wave. I listen to 80's indy, classic rock, soul, punk and reggae. I don't watch much TV, but when I do, it's CNN, Discovery or my recorded episodes of Curb, or Breaking Bad.
Have as much of it(fun) as possible! This includes surfing and snowboarding, (getting better), hiking and rock climbing (getting worse), biking (almost off the tricycle) and traveling the world. I also like to go to live rock, reggae or ska show.
Fortune and the Economist. I'm currently reading "the Outliers"
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|What he is looking for
|6'0" (182cms)
|5'3" (160cms) to 5'10" (177cms)
|Body type:
|Athletic and toned
|Slender, About average, Curvy, Athletic and toned
|No preference
|No preference
|No Way
|No Way, Occasionally, Yes, but trying to quit
|Social Drinker
|Never, Social Drinker, Moderately
|Executive / Management
|No preference
I run my own company, doing sales, marketing , distribution and overall management.
|I'll tell you later
|No preference
|Never Married
|Never Married
|Have kids:
|Wants kids:
|Definitely, Someday
|Latino / Hispanic, White / Caucasian
I'm Korean, of the NYC variety
|Christian / Protestant
|Christian / Catholic, Christian / Protestant, Jewish, Spiritual but not religious, Christian / Other
I grew up going to a Methodist church, and believe in the Christian God, but I'm not religious. I hope to become spiritual someday, especially when it comes time to raise kids. Currently studying the teachings of Ras Tafari
|English, French, German, Italian, Spanish, Other
|No preference
|Bachelors degree
|Bachelors degree, Graduate degree
I took the scenic route for college, attending various institutions. The most significant were USMA, UVM and CU Boulder.


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Circus TimeCircus Time (1931) - Toby The Pup Theatrical Cartoon Series
This page has been viewed 12 times this month, and 429 times total.
- Toby The Pup Theatrical Cartoon SeriesTheatricalSeriesCartoon
- Traditional Animation
- M. J. Winkler Productions
- Animation Studio: Charles Mintz Studio
- Distributed by: RKO Radio Pictures
- Cartoon Characters: Toby the Pup.
- Directed By Dick Huemer, Sid Marcus.
- Produced By Charles Mintz.
- Animated By Art Artie Davis.
- Originally Released on January 25, 1931.
- Originally Released Theatrically.
- Running Time: 3 minutes.
- Black & White
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A fiber optic connector for coupling focused radiant energy from a laser to a fiber optic conductor includes a secondary transmission path and one or more reflectors and/or heat sinks for deflecting errant radiant energy to a location where it be safely dissipated. In addition, coupling of the radiant energy to the cladding of the fiber is minimized by stripping or at least partially removing the cladding to reduce the amount of cladding in the area that extends to the focal plane of the radiant energy source.
1. Apparatus for coupling focused radiant energy from a laser to an optical fiber having cladding, comprising:
energy dissipating means including a heat sink for dissipating energy that fails to couple to the fiber; and
coupling minimizing means for reducing exposure of the cladding to the radiant energy, thereby minimizing coupling between the radiant energy and the cladding,
wherein said coupling minimizing means includes a section of the optical fiber that has been partially stripped of cladding,
wherein said partially-stripped section of the optical fiber is situated at a distal end of the optical fiber, and
wherein said partially-stripped section is surrounded by the heat sink, and
wherein the cladding of said partially stripped section is partially rather than completely removed.
2. Apparatus as claimed in
3. Apparatus as claimed in
This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/370,453, filed Feb. 24, 2003, which claims the benefit of provisional application Nos. 60/358,309, filed Feb. 22, 2002, and 60/385,890, filed Jun. 6, 2002.
1. Field of the Invention
This invention generally relates to a method and apparatus for coupling radiant energy from a radiant energy source to the conducting medium of a primary optical system. The primary optical system may be, but is not necessarily limited to, an optical fiber system.
The invention also relates, in applications where the primary optical system is a fiber optic conductor, to a fiber optic connector for coupling focused radiant energy from a laser to a fiber optic conductor, and to a method of coupling radiant energy from the laser to the conductor, in which radiant energy that fails to couple with the conductor is directed away from sensitive structures, and preferably (though not necessarily) deflected back to the laser system itself, by means of a secondary transmission path and one or more reflectors and/or heat sinks, so that the errant radiant energy can be safely dissipated.
By directing excess radiant energy in this manner, the excess radiant energy is prevented from damaging the connector and optical components in the connector, thereby enabling the use of smaller fibers with greater coupling tolerances, and more specifically permitting the use of optical fibers having core diameters smaller than the focused spot of the laser source, that are not precisely aligned with the focused spot, and/or that have an acceptance angle too small to accept all of the focused radiant energy.
Finally, the invention also relates to a fiber optic termination, and to a method of terminating an optical fiber, that reduces or eliminates launching energy into the cladding of the fiber.
2. Description of Related Art
The invention provides a solution to the problem of errant radiant energy when coupling radiant energy from lasers or other coherent radiant energy sources, which are typically but not necessarily monochromatic, to relatively small primary optical transmission systems, for example, optical fibers used in medical devices such as scalpels or lithotripter fibers. Such optical fibers are especially useful to implement recently developed, minimally invasive surgical techniques.
An example of an apparatus to which the principles of the invention may be applied is illustrated in
Ferrule 31 of connector 30 is typically a metal elongated hollow body member into which is inserted the optical fiber or fiber cable 32. The proximal end has a fiber clearance hole 38 drilled close to the outside diameter of the fiber 35. To secure the fiber 35 to the ferrule 31, a small portion of the fiber optic cable 32 is stripper away exposing the glass fiber 35. Before the stripped fiber is placed inside ferrule 31, an adhesive 34 may be applied to a small portion of exposed fiber 35 and the exposed fiber is passed through the internal diameter of the ferrule to its distal end. The extreme distal portion of the exposed fiber exits the ferrule through fiber clearance hole 38. Later, after adhesive 34 is cured, the exposed fiber 35 is trimmed and polished such that the distal end of the ferrule and the distal end of the fiber 35 are flush. Alternately, the fiber 35 may be secured within the ferrule by crimping a portion of the cable 32 to the ferrule using a sleeve.
The errant radiant energy problem arises when the primary optical transmission system approaches or is smaller than the size of the focused beam of radiant energy. For example, the smaller the diameter of an optical fiber, the more difficult it is to focus energy from the laser into the core. If the core diameter is smaller than that of the focused spot of the laser source, or if the focused radiant energy to the core is misaligned or greater than the fiber's acceptance angle, then energy will be transferred to structures that make up the coupler or that surround the core. The density is often great enough to soften, melt, or fuse any materials which are not highly optically transmissive or reflective. In many cases the energy density can be so great that photo thermal ablation may occur in the metal housing of the connector that couples the laser to the fiber, causing the metal to explosively form a plume mixture gases and micron size particles, which re-deposit and contaminate the focusing lens. Further lasing into the contamination can create extreme localized heating which ultimately destroys the focusing lens.
There is therefore a need for a coupling apparatus and method that minimizes the impact of radiant energy that fails to couple to the core of the optical fiber (or other primary optical transmission system).
Furthermore, the coupling apparatus and method must be compatible with existing laser systems and connectors, such as the one illustrated in
Finally, even when all of the energy that fails to couple to the fiber is dissipated, a further problem arises in that some of the energy that couples to the fiber will couple to the cladding of the fiber rather than to the core, resulting in the problem that the cladding will act as a secondary wave guide and leak energy into surrounding coating during tight bends, such as my occur when the optical fiber is used for laser lithotripsy after it has been passed through the working channel of an endoscope. While the amount of coupling may be reduced by tapering, the core and cladding may mix, causing light to also mix into the cladding, and higher order modes may be created which are more subject to loss during a bend than lower order modes. By way of background, it was proposed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,282,349 to fuse the cladding to the ferrule in which it is placed, but the cladding fusion scheme described in this patent did not involve removal of some or all of the cladding at the end of the fiber reduce coupling of laser energy into the cladding.
There is therefore also a need for a laser-to-fiber coupling arrangement that reduces or eliminates coupling of focused radiant energy into the cladding of an optical fiber, rather than into the core.
It is accordingly a first objective of the invention to provide an apparatus and method for coupling a laser to an optical fiber or other primary optical transmission system, in which energy that does not couple to the primary optical transmission system is diverted to prevent damage to components of the coupling connector, and which therefore extends the useful life of the connector, ensures efficient coupling of a portion of the radiant energy to the transmission system, enables the use of smaller transmission components, for example fibers with smaller diameters and/or acceptance angles, and that accommodates greater tolerances in aligning the transmission system to the radiant energy source.
It is a second objective of the invention to provide an improved method of coupling a laser to an optical fiber in a way that facilitates use of relatively small optical fibers while minimizing damage to the coupling connector and components thereof, and yet that is compatible with standard laser coupling connectors, including medical laser industry standard metal connectors.
It is a third objective of the invention to provide an arrangement for coupling a laser to an optical fiber in a way that reduces or eliminates coupling to the cladding rather than the core.
These objectives are achieved, in accordance with the principles of a preferred embodiment of the invention, by a connector for coupling a radiant energy source to a primary optical transmission system in which the connector includes a housing that supports a proximal end of the transmission system, and in which the proximal end is surrounded by an optical window which maintains an elongated secondary radiant energy transmission air path that terminates in a single faceted reflector, the proximal end, secondary radiant energy transmission air path, and reflector all being aligned on a common axis.
The secondary radiant energy path is arranged such that radiant energy coupled to the proximal end is transmitted by the primary optical system while radiant energy that is not coupled to the proximal end or is lost therefrom is conducted along the secondary transmission path to the reflector and re-directed back through the secondary transmission path.
The re-directed energy is preferably diverted to a structure or location where it can be safely dissipated, such as the radiant energy source itself. For example, in an enclosed laser system, once the radiant energy travels outside the optical window and into the enclosed laser system, the radiant energy diverges so rapidly that the energy is low enough to eliminate the need for a heat sink.
In an especially preferred embodiment of the invention, the reflector may be a reflector member that includes a cylindrical body portion positioned in a cylindrical housing with an axial bore therethrough for the primary transmission system, with the reflector, window, and transmission paths being supported and enclosed in axial spaced apart relation to the cylindrical housing.
The reflector can be formed of metal such as copper, or can be made of a high temperature material such as ceramic with a deposited reflective surface or layer, the deposited surfaces being displaced from the output end of the secondary transmission path far enough to reduce the energy density of the radiant energy incident thereon to non-destructive levels.
Preferably, the connector has dimensions and accommodates a coupling nut or other mechanism that permits the connector to be used in place of a conventional connector of the type illustrated in
Further, in order to achieve the objective of reducing or eliminating coupling to the cladding of the fiber, which is not solved by re-directing errant radiant energy, the invention provides for removal of a section of cladding and the terminus of the fiber.
The method of the invention involves the steps of transferring radiant energy from a focused source by directing a focused region of the source to a predetermined plane; conducting a portion of the focused radiant energy incident on the plane along a first path; conducting the remaining portion of the focused radiant energy incident on the plane along a second path; reversing the direction of the remaining portion at a predetermined location, and directing the remaining portion back toward the focused laser source.
Turning to
The reflector 36 is formed on a planar surface of the ferrule 31, surrounds the optical fiber, and is displaced far enough from the focal plane 16 to reduce the energy density of the radiant energy incident on the surface to non-destructive levels, with the secondary transmission path 33 extending from the reflector 36 back through the window 39 so as to provide a path where the focused radiant energy can freely defocus, thereby further lowering the energy density. The reflector functions to reflect radiant energy that may miss the proximal end of the fiber due to the fiber core being smaller than the focused spot, the NA of laser being greater than the NA of the fiber, and/or the due to misalignment of the focused radiant energy relative to the connector coupler 18. Suitable materials for the reflector 36 include metals such as copper, or a high temperature substrate such as ceramic on which is formed a reflective surface or layer.
As illustrated in
A still further alternative is to replace the metal ferrule with a light transmissive ferrule 49 made of quartz, sapphire, or other light transmissive materials with no surrounding metal, as illustrated in
Finally, in a variation of the embodiment illustrated in
As is apparent from the above-description and accompanying drawings, the method of the invention involves the steps of transferring radiant energy from a focused source by directing a focused region of the source to a predetermined plane; conducting a portion of the focused radiant energy incident on the plane along a first path; conducting the remaining portion of the focused radiant energy incident on the plane along a second path; reversing the direction of the remaining portion at a predetermined location, and directing the remaining portion back toward the focused laser source.
As illustrated in
In a variation of the cladding-coupling reduction or elimination arrangement illustrated in
Having thus described a preferred embodiment of the invention in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to make and use the invention, it will nevertheless be appreciated that numerous variations and modifications of the illustrated embodiment may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and it is intended that the invention not be limited by the above description or accompanying drawings, but that it be defined solely in accordance with the appended claims.
Patent Citations
Referenced by
Legal Events
Original Image


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This is the last week of my fund raiser on Kickstarter.com to bring to completion my "Lingering Past, italian Landscapes and cityscapes" project.
This is the link to my project where you will be able to see a video where I talk about "Lingering Past" in details.
Some of you may have never heard of Kickstarter.com, so let me sum in few words what it is.
This website connects people with creative ideas with people who are willing to funds their projects. It is another one of those concept that make the internet an invaluable tool for the community at large.
In times like this, when the government has slashed severely the funds for the arts, Kickstarter.com has proved itself to be a great substitute to the traditional way for artists to work on their labor of love through grants requests.
I encourage any of you to submit their costly projects and let the community help you out.
Of course, I also invite you to support my project, which has already reached a good level of support but that hasn't reached yet the necessary sum in order to secure the existing pledges.
Only one week to go as I write.
Thank you very much in advance!


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You can now invite anyone to meet at your favorite Starbucks.
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40 year old woman | Houston, TX, USA | Seeking men 33-40 within 50 miles
Are you up to the challenge of stepping outside of your boundaries to find the right person?
I'm an open minded, career oriented individual who enjoys the challenge of handling multiple task. I find as a single person it's easy to be consumed with work, but I'm also open to adjusting my priorities when in a relationship. I'd like someone to talk to when I'm having a rough day at work,..someone that can redirect my thoughts if I'm wrong in order to make adjustments and lastly someone willing to explore life with. Most of the post discuss what everyone is looking for, but who is willing to try new and different things with someone that you both can share together. So,... I'm looking for someone different,..not just a cute face, perfect body, ideal job, but someone who sets the bar above the norm. I'm open to different culture's, so if you're open too let's talk!! :)
Dining out , Movies/Videos , Exploring new areas , Nightclubs/Dancing , Travel/Sightseeing , Watching sports
Aerobics, Basketball, Dancing, Other types of exercise, Walking / Hiking
I exercise 1-2 times per week.
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
|What she is looking for
|5'7" (170cms)
|5'10" (177cms) to 6'4" (193cms)
|Body type:
|About average
|About average, A few extra pounds
|Brown, Green
|Dark brown
|Black, Dark brown
|No Way
|No Way
|Social Drinker
|Financial / Accounting / Real Estate
|Executive / Management, Medical / Dental / Veterinary / Fitness, Political / Govt / Civil Service / Military, Education / Teacher / Professor
|$50,001 to $75,000
|$35,001 to $50,000, $50,001 to $75,000
|Never Married
|Never Married, Divorced
|Have kids:
|Yes, and they sometimes live at home, Yes, and they live at home
|Wants kids:
|Not sure
|Someday, Not sure
|Black / African descent
|Christian / Other
|Christian / Other
|English, Spanish
|English, Other
|Graduate degree
|Bachelors degree


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VIDEO: Dell Adamo photoshoot
"Picture it - A sultry, laidback photo session. Nina Simone piped in to set the mood. A top model posing languidly with another ultra-thin ideal of beauty - Adamo by Dell".
Revealing absolutely nothing of interest about the new laptop, other than it's going to be a real lifestyle launch, Dell has released a video vaguely related to its forthcoming high-end Adamo.
Watch now if you like a) Nina Simone, or, b) Photoshoots, otherwise save yourself the 32 seconds and we'll bring you more Adamo news when we have it.


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Leschanz's Chocolate Mousse Cake
|For cake
|Bittersweet chocolate
|5 1⁄2 Ounce, finely chopped (High Quality)
|Unsalted butter
|3⁄4 Cup (12 tbs), cut into pieces
|Unsalted butter
|3⁄4 Cup (12 tbs), cut into 12 pieces (At Room Temperature, 1 1/2 Sticks)
|7 Large, separated (At Room Temperature)
|2 Tablespoon
|3⁄4 Cup (12 tbs), cut into pieces
|For mousse topping
|Unsalted butter
|3⁄4 Cup (12 tbs), cut into 12 pieces (1 1/2 Sticks)
|2 Ounce, garnish
|Confectioners sugar
|1 1⁄4 Cup (20 tbs)
|6 Large
|Chocolate curls
|2 Ounce (For Garnish)
1 For the cake: Place a rack in the center of the oven and heat to 350 degrees farenheit.
2 Lightly butter the inside of a 9-inch springform pan. Dust with flour and tap out the excess.
3 In a large metal bowl set over a pot of hot, not simmering, water, melt the chocolate.
4 Remove from the heat. Whisk in the butter, one piece at a time. Whisk in the egg yolks.
5 In a large bowl, using a handheld electric mixer on low speed, beat the egg whites until they form soft peaks.
6 Gradually beat in the sugar and beat until they form stiff, shiny peaks.
7 Stir one fourth of the beaten whites into the chocolate mixture, then fold in the remainder. Spread evenly in the pan.
8 Bake until the top is puffed, cracked, and crisp, and a toothpick inserted in the center comes out clean,for about 30 minutes.
9 Remove from the oven and run a sharp knife around the inside of the pan to release the cake from the sides.
10 Transfer to a wire rack and cool completely in the pan. Don't worry if the cake sinks.
11 For the topping: In the top part of a double boiler,melt the chocolate over hot, not simmering, water, or in a microwave on medium power.
12 Remove from the heat. Cool, stirring often, until the chocolate is tepid.
13 In a large bowl, beat the butter and confectioners' sugar until combined using a handheld electric mixer at low speed.
14 Increase the speed to high and beat until light and fluffy,for about 2 minutes. Beat in the cooled chocolate. One at a time, beat in the eggs.
15 Spread the topping evenly over the cake in the pan. Cover the pan tightly with a plastic wrap.
16 Refrigerate until the topping is set,for at least 4 hours or overnight.
17 To serve, rinse a thin sharp knife under hot water and run it inside the pan to release the cake.
18 Remove the sides of the pan. Garnish the top of the cake with the chocolate curls.
19 Using a thin, sharp knife rinsed under hot water, slice the cake. Serve chilled.


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"Going Green" Never Looked So Good
Earth Day is meant to remind us we all need to do things that are eco-friendly, but is this possible when it comes to your wardrobe? It is, according to stylist Holly Quartaro, who says you can get great environmentally friendly items that look fantastic.
Important Questions To Ask Before Signing A Lease
If you're looking for a place to rent, keep this list of questions handy.
Holiday Shopping Hints For Saving Time & Money
It's the time of year when holiday cheer and holiday shopping don't always go hand in hand, so it's wise to have a game plan in place.
Best Ideas For Eco-Friendly Fashion
Earth-friendly fashion has undergone a surprisingly chic makeover, and North Texas has stores equipped to make others 'green' with envy.


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The Union Jax is the Jacksonville Jaguars UK fan club which is free to join. The Jaguars have the fastest growing fan base of all the NFL teams in the UK. For more info on how to join the Club click the "About" button.
In 2007, the NFL played a regular season game at Wembley, London for the first time and the NFL International Series was born. Since then, there has been a regular season game at Wembley every year. In 2013 two games were played at Wembley and since 2014 three games have been played each year at Wembley.
If you would like to receive the Jaguars e-newsletter, register for the Union Jax Fan Club here.
See here for the full list of Union Jax events and games for 2015.
See here for the entire UK TV Schedule to watch your favorite games live!
The Jacksonville Jaguars run an all-year-round community programme supporting events across the UK.
The Jaguars Coaching Clinics aim to inspire football at grassroots and support BAFA (British American Football Association) in the development of coaches across the UK.
The ROAR of the Jaguars, the Jacksonville Jaguars cheerleaders, run the Junior ROAR Academy throughout the year for girls aged 8-16 to learn how to cheerlead.
The Jacksonville Jaguars mascot, Jaxson De Ville, is the number 1 mascot in the NFL and is famous for his daredevil stunts on game day including bungee jumping from the roof of Wembley Stadium!


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Gore gearing up for 'beast mode' out West
Wednesday, May 30, 2012 at 9:00 AM | Comments
Frank Gore hasn't changed much as he prepares to enter his eighth NFL season. He's still putting in the hard work during the offseason, but the difference this year is he's doing it out West with his 49ers teammates rather than at his usual Miami stomping grounds. As he gears up for the fall, the three-time Pro Bowler realizes the challenge waiting for him in a jam-packed San Francisco backfield.


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German Chancellor Angela Merkel, French President Nicolas Sarkozy and their colleagues haven't a clue.
They wanted their own Obama as president; they got the French Rahm Emanuel—minus the ballet skills.
The anti-movement camp has staged some of the largest protests in French history.
Old English frencisc "of the Franks," from Franca (see Frank). The noun is from Old English Frencisc. As the name of a language, from late 13c.
Euphemistic meaning "bad language" (pardon my French) is from 1895. Used in many combination-words, often dealing with food or sex. French dressing recorded by 1860; French toast is from 1630s. French letter "condom" (c.1856, perhaps on resemblance of sheepskin and parchment), French (v.) "perform oral sex on" (c.1917) and French kiss (1923) all probably stem from the Anglo-Saxon equation of Gallic culture and sexual sophistication, a sense first recorded 1749 in the phrase French novel.
To take French leave, "depart without telling the host," is 1771, from a social custom then prevalent. However, this is said to be called in France filer à l'anglaise, literally "to take English leave."
Cunnilingus or fellatio; the FRENCH WAYv: Then the perverse chap actually Frenched her! (1917+)
Related Terms


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Steven Trinkle has moved all over the Southeast, but it's the move to Interlochen, Mich., on Wednesday that will be the biggest one of all. Trinkle will finish his high school career at the prestigious Interlochen Arts Academy in northern Michigan.
Cherri Lightsey has worn several hats over the years, and through many of them, she's worked to make an impact in the community.
Martha Ruth Parvin, a longtime friend, said Lightsey had worked with Habitat for Humanity, helped with fundraisers for needy patients at OCH Regional Medical Center and helped to mentor children, among other things.


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Things Starfleet needs to fix already on its ships.
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June 12 2013, 09:35 AM
Mario de Monti
Location: Heidelberg, Germany
Re: Things Starfleet needs to fix already on its ships.
Crazyewok wrote:
The fact that they have thousands of ships but only have 1 or 2 ships guarding there most vital planets! Fix your defences!
Thousands of starships are a fact? How? What we get from the episodes and movies (including the apparent lack of starships near earth) suggests the opposite, a rather small starfleet. And in the 23rd century even more so than in the 24th.
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