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Five Musicians
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
|Five Musicians
|Also known as
|Tracker music
|Years active
|www.fivemusicians.com http://web.archive.org/web/19970401212602/http://fm.org/index.html
|Past members
|Necros, Mellow-D, Basehead, Big Jim, Purple Motion, Stalker, Vic, Zodiak, WAVE, Hunz
Five Musicians (also known as FM) was a demo group / netlabel with origins in the demoscene. It was active between the years 1995 and 2000. The idea of limiting the group to only five members caused the group to be very selective. As a result, they created a number of very high-quality releases, and became one of the most influential early netlabels.[citation needed] The first FM FTP-server became what is known today as scene.org.
Chronological list of members[edit]
- Andrew Sega (Necros)
- Jaakko Manninen (Mellow-D / MD)
- Dan Gardopée, also known as Grandpre (Basehead)
- James Storer (Big Jim)
- Jonne Valtonen (Purple Motion)
- Ariel Gross (Stalker) [1]
- Victor van Vlaardingen (Vic)
- Erik Stridell (Zodiak)
- Jeroen Tel (WAVE)
- Hans van Vliet (Hunz)
External links[edit]
- Five Musicians website (now defunct)
- spoomusic.com Internet-based record label created by stalker, now producing music under the moniker sp00 with colleague Ramenboy
- Alpha Conspiracy Former musical project of Necros
- XYZZY Current musical project of Necros
- Andrew Sega | soundcloud.com Necros' Soundcloud
- Kschzt.com Website for Jaakko Manninen (now recording as Kschzt)
- MD's discography on Discogs.com
- hunz.com.au Web site for Hunz
- ModArchive music listing for Basehead
- ModArchive music listing for Big Jim
- ModArchive music listing for Mellow-D
- ModArchive music listing for Necros
- ModArchive music listing for Purple Motion
- ModArchive music listing for stalker
- ModArchive music listing for WAVE
- ModArchive music listing for Zodiak


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User commands and logs
As you might guess from the name, the
groups command extracts selected information from the
/etc/group file and displays it (Figure 9). With no options,
groups lists information for the current user, but a valid username can be used as an option instead.
For some reason, the
finger command is not installed by default on the desktops of many distributions. However, if you are administering a multiuser system, it is well worth installing.
Without the use of any options, or with the
-s option (Figure 10),
finger followed by an account name lists the login name, the name, the interface, how long the user has been idle, when they logged in, their office, and their office phone number. If, like many home users, you leave the name, office, and office number blank when you create users, these columns will, of course, be empty.
Using the
-l option, you get the same information reformatted, plus the user's home directory and login shell, as well as the last time they received internal mail. For administration work, this option is probably the most useful.
One of the most useful commands for gathering information about users,
w, is also one of the simplest. It shows what processes a user is running at the time the command is run.
Entering the
w command plus a username (or omitting a username and defaulting to the current account) produces a table of information for the user (Figure 11). From left to right, the information is the user account, its terminal, its remote host (0 if none exists), the login time, the length of idle time, the JCPU or time used by all processes attached to the terminal, the PCPU or time used by the current process, and the name of the current process.
If you choose, you can run a shorter summary by using the
-l option. The information displayed using the
-l option omits the login time, the JCPU, and PCPU.
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This section contains 9,646 words
(approx. 33 pages at 300 words per page)
Critical Essay by A. R. Braunmuller
SOURCE: "King John and Historiography," in ELH, Vol. 55, No. 2, Summer, 1988, pp. 309-32.
In the following essay, Braunmuller compares the accounts of Shakespeare's King John, Holinshed's Chronicles, and Sir John Hayward's writings, to discern Shakespeare's perception and treatment of historiography.
Meercraft: By my 'faith you are cunning i' the Chronicle, Sir. Fitzdottrel: No, I confess I ha't from the Play-books, And think they'are more authentic. Engine: That's sure, Sir.
—Ben Jonson, The Devil Is an Ass
Thinking about Renaissance English history plays, we typically but wrongly treat the chronicles as sources of a different color. Making Comedy of Errors from Menaechmi, or Measure for Measure from Promos and Cassandra, or a history play from Hall and Holinshed, Foxe and Stowe, are similar creative acts because Hall...
This section contains 9,646 words
(approx. 33 pages at 300 words per page)


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Is America Nasty and Homophobic?
On Monday, former Washington Wizards center Jason Collins revealed to the world that he is gay, prompting a complete media meltdown. Collins appeared on Good Morning America; he made the cover of Sports Illustrated; he became the lead on Huffington Post. The president of the United States congratulated him at a press conference, and the former president of the United States congratulated him via Twitter. So did the first lady, the commissioner of the National Basketball Association and a bevy of pundits and athletes across the spectrum.
Which leaves one question: What's the big deal?
Tennis star Martina Navratilova, the best player of her era, came out in 1981. Ellen Degeneres came out on national television in 1997. The president and CEO of the Golden State Warriors, Rick Welts, is openly gay. Top politicians, rock stars, athletes, movie and television stars and business moguls are gay. Gay Americans have been announcing their sexual orientation for decades. Why the hubbub?
The media announced that Collins was a hero because he had provided hope to millions of gay male teens. There is some credibility to that argument. But there is another, more powerful aftertaste from the media's champagne party for Collins: The bitter feeling that America is a nasty place, so nasty that we require overwhelming shows of support for people who just want to live their lives. When the media labels Collins another Jackie Robinson, that not only does massive injustice to Robinson, it implies that America of 2013 is to sexuality what America of 1947 was to race. That is not only ignorant. It is tremendously harmful.
The hubbub from the media assumes that America is a massively homophobic place — a place where people like Collins must regularly fear for their lives, are forced not to participate in the private sexual activities they choose and face routine discrimination. There is certainly discrimination against gays in American society, but it is by far the exception rather than the rule. On average, gay couples earn significantly more money per year than straight couples do ($94,000 versus $86,000). Gay couples are more educated than straight couples (46 percent of gay couples have both gone to college, compared with less than one third of straight couples). Unemployment is lower among gays than straights. There is no law in any state in America that gays cannot live together or engage in consensual activity of any sort. There is no law in any state in America preventing contractual provisions for inheritance, hospital visitation and the like.
As far as violence against gays, while it is still sadly far-too-prevalent, it is nowhere near the epidemic the media suggests. Approximately 1,553 hate crimes based on "sexual orientation bias" against homosexuals or bisexuals were reported by the FBI in 2011.
There are approximately 9 million gays, lesbians and bisexuals in the United States, according to a UCLA study. That would mean that about one of every 5,750 LGBT people in the United States became a hate crime victim in 2011. That same year, there were some 936 Jewish victims of hate crimes according to the FBI. There are approximately 5.5 million Jews in the United States. That means that one out of every 5,900 Jews became a hate crime victim in 2011. Yet no one suggests that America remains a massively anti-Semitic country, requiring massive media coverage every time a Jewish person reaches a position of power or influence.
Jason Collins has every right to announce his sexual orientation. If announcing it makes him a happier person, more power to him. But the media's overwrought coverage of Collins demonstrates their deeply dangerous view that America is a disgusting place filled with budding Aaron McKinneys and Russell Hendersons looking for their Matthew Shepards to murder. The media's treatment of Collins as a full-fledged hero assumes that America is filled with full-fledged villains. It is not — and the media coverage of Collins shows that. The media coverage also does young gays and lesbians a massive disservice. There is no surer way to keep young gays and lesbians living in fear than tacitly telling them that those who surround them despise them.
Ben Shapiro, 29, is a graduate of UCLA and Harvard Law School, a radio host on KRLA 870 Los Angeles, and Editor-At-Large for Breitbart News. He is the New York Times bestselling author of "Bullies: How the Left's Culture of Fear and Intimidation Silences America."
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text:
L-threonine is an indispensable amino acid. One of the major L-threonine degradation pathways is the conversion of L-threonine via 2-amino-3-ketobutyrate to glycine. L-threonine dehydrogenase (EC 22.214.171.124) is the first enzyme in the pathway and catalyses the reaction: L-threonine + NAD+ = 2-amino-3-ketobutyrate + NADH. The murine and porcine L-threonine dehydrogenase genes (TDH) have been identified previously, but the human gene has not been identified.
The human TDH gene is located at 8p23-22 and has 8 exons spanning 10 kb that would have been expected to encode a 369 residue ORF. However, 2 cDNA TDH transcripts encode truncated proteins of 157 and 230 residues. These truncated proteins are the result of 3 mutations within the gene. There is a SNP, A to G, present in the genomic DNA sequence of some individuals which results in the loss of the acceptor splice site preceding exon 4. The acceptor splice site preceding exon 6 was lost in all 23 individuals genotyped and there is an in-frame stop codon in exon 6 (CGA to TGA) resulting in arginine-214 being replaced by a stop codon. These truncated proteins would be non-functional since they have lost part of the NAD+ binding motif and the COOH terminal domain that is thought to be involved in binding L-threonine. TDH mRNA was present in all tissues examined.
The human L-threonine 3-dehydrogenase gene is an expressed pseudogene having lost the splice acceptor site preceding exon 6 and codon arginine-214 (CGA) is mutated to a stop codon (TGA).
Liver failure is a cause of considerable mortality; therefore bioartificial livers may offer significant therapeutic benefit. Porcine-derived hepatocytes are being used in clinical studies of bioartificial livers [1,2]. There may, however, be significant differences in the activities of liver enzymes between species [3]. These differences are also important considerations when the pharmaceutical industry conducts new drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic studies on key mammal species [4].
The liver plays a critical role in regulating the circulating concentrations of amino acids. The regulation of amino acid supply to bioartificial organs and maintaining the activity of the amino acid-metabolising enzymes will be important in their development. Active maintenance of the optimal amino acid concentrations will offer the possibility of prolonging the differentiated function of hepatocytes in bioartificial livers [5].
L-threonine is one of three indispensable amino acids since mammals do not possess the necessary enzymes for the transamination of threonine [6]. However, the transient apoenzyme form of L-threonine dehydratase bound to pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate dehydratase can carry out a half-transamination of L-threonine [7]. Once L-threonine is oxidised through various catabolic pathways it is lost for the purposes of protein synthesis. Therefore, it is important for determining levels of human nutrition that factors regulating threonine oxidation are identified. The international recommended intake of L-threonine for adults is 7 mg.kg-1.d-1[8]. However, this has recently been challenged as being too low and a recommendation of 15 mg.kg-1.d-1 has been suggested [9].
There are two major L-threonine degradation pathways. L-threonine is either catabolised by L-threonine 3-dehydrogenase to 2-amino-3-ketobutyrate or by L-serine/threonine dehydratase (EC 220.127.116.11) to NH4+ and 2-ketobutyrate. In both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, the conversion of L-threonine via 2-amino-3-ketobutyrate to glycine takes place in a two-step process [10,11]. L-threonine dehydrogenase catalyses the reaction: L-threonine + NAD+ = 2-amino-3-ketobutyrate + NADH. The subsequent reaction between 2-amino-3-ketobutyrate and coenzyme A to form glycine and acetyl-CoA is catalysed by 2-amino-3-ketobutyrate coenzyme A ligase (EC 184.108.40.206 also called glycine acetyltransferase; gene names KBL and GCAT). L-threonine dehydrogenase and 2-amino-3-ketobutyrate coenzyme A ligase are associated physically on the inner membrane-matrix of mitochondria where the two enzymes form a complex with a stoichiometry of one threonine dehydrogenase tetramer to two 2-amino-3-ketobutyrate coenzyme A ligase dimers [12-14].
In mammals, the removal of the 1-carbon of threonine is thought to occur through threonine dehydrogenase, this carbon being incorporated into glycine and released as CO2 by the mitochondrial glycine cleavage system. In normally-fed pigs and rats 80 to 87% of L-threonine catabolism occurs via threonine dehydrogenase [15,16] and in isolated rat and cat hepatocytes 35% to 50% of threonine oxidation occurs through this pathway [17,18]. Zhao et al. measured threonine oxidation in adult humans by the production of labelled CO2 from L-[1-13C]threonine and concluded that the conversion of threonine to glycine through the threonine dehydrogenase pathway was not important if it exists at all [19]. However, the dehydrogenase pathway is thought to account for 44% of total threonine oxidation in infants [20]. More recently, the same group used a more sensitive method to measure the production of labelled glycine and CO2 in adults and suggested that there was some threonine catabolism via the threonine dehydrogenase pathway, but it accounted for only 7–11% of total [21]. This suggested that the L-serine/threonine dehydratase pathway is the dominant route in the catabolism of threonine in humans.
Recently, the sequences of the murine and porcine TDH cDNAs have been reported [22]. The amino-terminal regions of these proteins have characteristics of a mitochondrial targeting sequence and are related to the UDP-galactose 4-epimerases, with both enzyme families having an amino-terminal NAD+ binding domain. The sequence of the human KBL transcript, the second enzyme in the pathway, has also been described [23] and this study aimed to identify the human TDH gene.
Human TDH gene
The murine L-threonine 3-dehydrogenase gene (TDH) has recently been identified [22]. The human genome was searched using this murine sequence and only a single putative human TDH gene was found to be present. The putative human TDH gene is located on clone RP11-110L10, chromosome 8p23-22 (GenBank accession No. AC011959, Whitehead Institute/MIT Center for Genome Research, USA), between the gene for acyl-malonyl condensing enzyme and hypothetical protein, C8orf13 gene (accession No. XP_088377) (Figure 1A). By comparison with the murine TDH gene and the porcine cDNA, 8 human exons were identified spanning 10 kb (Figure 1B). The predicted start of the ORF is in good sequence context for the initiation of translation [24].
Figure 1. Chromosomal localisation and gene structure of the human TDH gene. (A) The human TDH gene is located at 8p23 and the neighbouring genes are: myotubularin related protein 8, MTMR8: acyl-malonyl condensing enzyme, AMAC: threonine dehydrogenase, TDH: hypothetical protein, C8orf13; B lymphoid tyrosine kinase, BLK. Genes encoded by + and - stands are shown above and below the line respectively. The telomeric and centromeric directions are indicated. (B) The human TDH gene spans 10 kb and consists of 8 exons. The putative initiation methionine codon, stop codon and poly-adenylation signal are shown. Closed boxes indicate the ORF and the sizes (in bp) of the exons and introns are indicated.
The sequence of the human TDH exons (Fig. 2) has 84% identity with the porcine cDNA at the nucleotide level in the ORF and the theoretical full-length human protein has 85% identity and 97% similarity with the porcine TDH protein [22], suggesting that this is the human TDH gene. The first potential polyadenylation signal site (ATTAAA) is also conserved between species.
Figure 2. Sequence and translation of the human TDH exons. A comparison of the human genomic sequence with the murine TDH gene enabled the identification of 8 homologous exons on clone RP11-110L10. A translation of the exons is shown below the nucleotide sequence. The acceptor and donor splice sites (
- attaaa
- c
Human TDH protein
The predicted human TDH protein possesses very weak similarity to the human uridine diphosphogalactose-4-epimerase protein (GALE). GALE catalyses the interconversion of UDP-galactose and UDP-glucose in the metabolic pathway that converts galactose into glucose1-phosphate, and also catalyses the interconversion of UDP-GalNAc and UDP-GlcNAc. An alignment of the human TDH protein with other eukaryotic TDH protein sequences and GALE proteins from Homo sapiens and Escherichia coli identified conserved residues likely to contact the nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide cofactor (NAD+) (Fig. 3) [25]. They are Gly-58, Gly-61, Gly-64, Asp-84, Asp-102, Ile-103, Leu-104, His-123, Leu-127, Val-142, Asn-143, Ser-165, Tyr-191, Lys-195 and Tyr-218 [26-29]. In view of the different substrates utilised by the 2 enzymes, of those 22 residues that contact the sugar substrate in GALE only one, Asp-325, is conserved (excluding those residues involved in contact with both sugar and NAD+).
Figure 3. Clustal alignment of the predicted human protein with other eukaryotic L-threonine dehydrogenase (TDH) protein sequences and 2 UDP-galactose 4-epimerase sequences (GALE). The species and the derivation of the sequences are as follows: Homo sapiens, HsTDH, genomic DNA (accession No. AC011959); HsGALE, cDNA (NP_000394); Sus scrofa, (pig), Ss, cDNA (AY095535); Mus musculus, mouse, Mm, cDNA (AY116662); Danio rerio (zebrafish), Dr, ESTs (electronic contigous sequence); Takifugu rubripes (puffer fish), Tr, genomic DNA, (AF411956); Ciona intestinalis (a tunicate), Ci, ESTs; Drosophila melanogaster, Dm, genomic DNA gene CG5955 and ESTs; Caenorhabditis elegans, Ce, genomic DNA (U64847) and ESTs; Escherichia coli, EcTDH (P07913) and EcGALE (AAC73846). The locations of the exon/exon boundaries are shown on the translated protein as underlined residues. Conserved residues are indicated by a (*), strongly similar residues by a (:) and weakly similar residues by a (.). Residues that are common to at least two protein sequences are shown in bold. The in-frame stop codon in the human sequence is indicated by a red (#). Gale protein residues in contact with the ligand nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide are highlighted in green and those residues in contact with the sugar ligands, uridine-5'-diphosphate-mannose and uridine-5'-diphosphate-4-deoxy-4-fluoro-alpha-d-galactose are highlighted in yellow. Those residues that have been shown to contact both NAD and sugar are highlighted in light blue [26-29].
Human TDH predicted secondary structure
Using the translation of the human genomic sequence (with the stop codon replaced with the conserved arginine residue found in other TDH proteins) the predicted secondary structure of the likely "ancestral" TDH protein was determined using Psi-Pred [30] and aligned with the crystal structure of GALE from E. coli[29,31] (Fig. 4). The human ancestral TDH protein would have been a mixed alpha-helices/beta-sheet protein with a NAD+ binding Rossmann-fold and belongs to the tyrosine-dependent oxidoreductase protein family (also known as short-chain dehydrogenases). The characteristic Tyr-x-x-x-Lys couple (residues 191 and 195) found in all family members is important for catalysis with the conserved tyrosine serving as the active-site base [33]. Two domains were identified, with the larger amino-terminus domain (residues 53–234) having a NAD+ binding motif and the smaller carboxy-terminus domain (residues 218–329) likely to be involved in L-threonine binding. It is likely that the substrate is located in the cleft between the two domains.
Figure 4. Predicted secondary structure of human "ancestral" TDH protein was determined using the Psi-Pred program and was aligned with that of the crystal structure of uridine diphosphogalactose-4-epimerase protein (GALE) from Escherichia coli[29,31] using 3D-PSSM. The labels are: human "ancestral" TDH protein predicted secondary structure, HsTDH_PSSM; human "ancestral" TDH protein sequence, HsTDH_seq; E. coli GALE protein sequence, EcGale_seq; E. coli GALE protein secondary structure, 1udc_SS; alpha-helix, H, highlighted in light blue; beta-sheet, E, highlighted in yellow; c = turn, coil or loop. Identical residues are shown and additionally, a ":" indicates positive equivalence.
Mutations in the human TDH gene
However, there are 3 mutations that disrupt the gene transcription and translation on the sequence of genomic clone RP11-110L10 (Fig. 2). There is a loss of the acceptor splice sites in exon 4 and 6 and an in-frame stop codon in exon 6 (from the expected CGA to TGA) resulting in arginine-214 being replaced by a stop codon. Together, these mutations suggested that the human TDH gene is a pseudogene.
To determine whether these mutations were present in other species, sequence alignments around the acceptor splice sites in exons 4 and 6 were constructed (Fig. 5). The genomic sequences from the mouse and puffer fish (Takifugu rubripes or Fugu) and another human genomic clone (AF131216, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Germany) have intact acceptor splice sites in exon 4 suggesting that the loss of this splice site is a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (Fig. 5A). In both human genomic DNA sequences the acceptor splice site in exon 6 is lost, but it is intact in both the mouse and puffer fish sequences (Fig. 5B). Similarly, the stop codon is present in both human genomic DNA sequences, but it is not present in genomic DNA, cDNA and EST sequences from other species. In human genomic DNA sequence (AC011959) there is also an A to T mutation in codon 201 (ATG to TTG, in exon 5) resulting a methionine to leucine substitution.
Figure 5. Comparison of the human TDH gene sequences in the region of exon 4 and 6 acceptor sites with those of other species. (A) The splice donor and acceptor sites are indicated (
- gt
- ag
- gg
- ag
Genotyping of individuals by restriction enzyme digests and DNA sequencing
To determine whether these mutations in the 2 human genomic sequences were sequencing errors or just present in those individuals utilised for determining the human genome, the region encompassing the mutations was amplified by PCR from a number of individuals, sequenced and digested with restriction enzymes. Amplicons from the exon 4 splice acceptor site were digested with the restriction enzyme AciI. If the acceptor splice site was not present (G^CGG rather than GC
Figure 6. Amplicons from individuals with different genotypes for the exon 4 splice acceptor site SNP were digested with the restriction enzyme AciI (upper panel) and DNA sequenced (lower panel). Undigested samples, UD and digested samples, D. Arrows indicate the polymorphic nucleotide. In an individual homozygous for the splice acceptor site (AG, middle panel) no AciI digest site is present. In an individual homozygous for loss of the splice acceptor site (GG, right panel) the 158 bp amplicon is cut into fragments of 104 and 54 bp. In an individual heterozygous for the AG splice acceptor site (RG, left panel) both alleles are present and the amplicon is only partially digested.
Amplicons from the exon 6 splice acceptor site from 3 individuals were digested with the restriction enzyme Hsp92II. If the acceptor splice site was not present (CATG^g rather than CAT
- Ag
Figure 7. Amplicons from 3 individuals for the exon 6 splice acceptor site were digested with the restriction enzyme Hsp92II. All amplicons were digested showing loss of the splice site. Undigested samples, UD and digested samples, D.
Copy DNA sequences of the human TDH gene
The human TDH gene is expressed. PCR amplification from cDNA libraries using primers designed to amplify the TDH ORF was carried out and amplicons of approximately 1000 bp were obtained from cDNAs from 2 individuals, cloned and sequenced. The 1019 bp sequence of clone 1 (AY101186) skipped exon 6, resulting in a premature stop codon in exon 7, (Fig. 8A) and would encode a 230 residue ORF (Fig. 8B). The 935 bp sequence of clone 2 (AY101187) skipped exon 4 and utilised a cryptic splice site in exon 6, 24 bp downstream of the expected site (Fig 5B), resulting in a premature stop codon in exon 6 (Fig. 8A) and would encode a 157 residue ORF (Fig. 8B). The human TDH gene is therefore a pseudogene since all individuals examined contain at least 2 mutations that on translation would generate truncated proteins that would be non-functional since they would be unable to make appropriate contacts with the substrates, L-threonine and NAD+.
Figure 8. The human TDH pseudogene is expressed. (A) Clones from 2 individuals were sequenced and mapped to the TDH gene. Clone 1 skipped exon 6, and the resulting frame-shift generated a premature stop codon in exon 7 (TGA). Clone 2 skipped exon 4 and utilised a cryptic splice site in exon 6, and the resulting frame-shift generated a premature stop codon in exon 6. (B) The translation of clone 1 (exon 6 skipped) encoded a truncated 230 residue ORF. The skipped exon 4 in clone 2 does not alter the reading frame. However, the use of a cryptic splice site in exon 6, results in a premature stop codon in exon 6. Stop codons are indicated by *.
Expression of the TDH pseudogene in human tissue and cell types
Reverse-transcriptase PCR was used to determine the presence of the TDH pseudogene mRNA in different tissues and cell types. TDH expression was found in all tissues examined (Fig. 9A). TDH mRNA was present in most cell types examined, but was below the level of detection in endothelial cells, glioma cell lines and some leukaemia cell lines (Fig. 9B). Together, this suggests that the TDH promoter is still active and is regulated in different cell types.
Figure 9. Expression of the TDH pseudogene in human tissues and cell types. (A) Expression of the TDH pseudogene in human tissues. The lanes are: 100 bp marker, m; heart, H; brain, B; placenta, Pl; lung, Lu; liver, L; skeletal muscle, M; kidney, K; pancreas, Pa; spleen, S; thymus; Th; prostate, Pr; testis, Te; ovary, O; small intestine, I; negative control, (-). (B) Expression of the TDH pseudogene in human cells. RT-PCR for TDH (top panel) and β-actin (bottom panel). The cell types examined were: foetal osteoblast, fO; adult osteoblasts, aO; pulmonary foetal fibroblast, HFL-1, fF; adult fibroblasts, aF; placental microvascular endothelial, mE; umbilical vein endothelial, uE; alveolar epithelial adenocarcinoma, A549, EA; bronchial epithelial adenocarcinoma, H322, EH; bronchial smooth muscle, SM; colorectal adenocarcinoma, CaCo2, CE; Epstein-Barr-transformed lymphocyte Ly; erythroleukaemia, K562, EK; erythroleukaemia TF1, ET; glioma, U87, G8; glioma, U373, G3; and negative control (-).
A search of the human genomic sequences for the TDH gene identified only one candidate location on chromosome 8p23-22. This is the expected site of the human TDH gene since there are a number of genes that neighbour the TDH genes in the genomes of human, mouse and puffer fish that are found in common in this locus. They are the myotubularin related protein 8, the B-lymphoid tyrosine kinase and the hypothetical protein C8orf13. There are differences in the gene order and orientation in the human and puffer fish TDH loci indicating that there have been re-arrangements in this locus since the divergence of the human and puffer fish lineages [34].
The human TDH gene contains 3 mutations that disrupt the gene transcription and translation. There is a loss of the acceptor splice sites preceding exons 4 and 6 and an in-frame stop codon in exon 6. A database search of expressed human sequences identified other TDH cDNAs and ESTs similar to the 2 cDNA sequences described. The sequence of the human cerebellum full-length cDNA clone FLJ25033 (AK057762, NEDO human cDNA sequencing project University of Tokyo, Japan) has 2 5'UTR exons, the first of which corresponds to exon -1 on the mouse genomic DNA sequence [22]. This clone skips both exons 4 and 6, and includes the polyadenylation site. The ORF would encode a truncated 180 residue protein. Three very similar human ESTs (AI005002, AI243637 and AI809781) have exon 4 skipped and use the cryptic acceptor splice site in exon 6 that was found in clone 2 and possesses the in-frame stop codon.
The human TDH gene is a pseudogene because in all individuals examined the gene contains 1 or more mutations that disrupt RNA splicing which give rise to a variety of mRNAs in different individuals. In both pig and mouse TDH cDNAs there was no evidence of alternatively splicing [22]. In humans, arginine-214 is replaced by a stop codon. On translation all the human mRNAs would generate a variety of truncated proteins ranging from 157 to 230 residues, some of which would also contain deletions of residues 96–146; whereas the size of the core of TDH enzyme (residues 48–364) differs by only 2 residues in other species, including some bacterial TDH proteins [22]. The human truncated proteins would be non-functional since they would be unable to make appropriate contacts with the substrates, L-threonine and NAD+. They have lost most of the carboxy-terminal domain, which by homology with GALE [26-29], would be expected to bind L-threonine and also have lost various regions of the NAD+ binding motif that extends from exon 1 to exon 6. In comparison, even single point missense mutations in the human GALE gene disrupt protein function resulting in epimerase-deficiency galactosemia [35].
At present, no known human genetic disease has been associated with defects in the threonine dehydrogenase and 2-amino-3-ketobutyrate coenzyme A ligase biochemical pathway. This may be because the enzymatic activity of L-serine/threonine dehydratase is sufficient to metabolise L-threonine in humans. The mitochondrial threonine dehydrogenase enzyme is thought to act in the maintenance of free somatic threonine concentration derived from dietary threonine [15] suggesting that humans may not be able to regulate the level of circulating threonine as well as other mammals. In vertebrates, L-threonine is degraded by two major enzymatic pathways and attempts to determine their relative contribution in humans has been by indirect methods. Zhao et al. measured threonine oxidation by the production of labelled CO2 in adult humans from labelled threonine and concluded that the conversion of threonine to glycine through the threonine dehydrogenase pathway was not important if it exists at all [19]. More recently, Darling et al. used a more sensitive method to measure the production of labelled glycine and CO2 and suggested that there was some threonine catabolism via the threonine dehydrogenase pathway, but it accounted for only 7–11% of total [21]. Direct demonstration of the absence of TDH enzymatic activity in human tissues such as liver remains to be demonstrated. In contrast, in normally-fed pigs and rats 80 to 87% of L-threonine catabolism occurs via threonine dehydrogenase [15,16]. Since the TDH gene is not functioning in humans, what enzyme(s) could be responsible for the small percentage of threonine catabolism to glycine? In bacteria, threonine aldolase also yields glycine, but mammals are thought to lack the "genuine" threonine aldolase [36]. However, serine hydroxymethyltransferase exhibits a low threonine aldolase activity in mammalian liver [36].
Whether the first dehabilitating mutation was the loss of the splice acceptor site preceding exon 6 or the arginine-214 to stop codon mutation is unknown, nor is it known when in human evolution that a functional TDH gene was lost. However, the arginine codon CGA is used in only 11.1% of arginine residues in humans, being prone to mutate to a stop codon. The TDH gene has been conserved throughout evolution, being found in bacteria and other mammals [22], so why has it not been conserved in man? How could such a mutation establish its self in the ancestral population? It is likely that the mutation must have conferred some selectable advantage, under the prevailing environmental conditions, on those individuals who carried it, and arose at a time when the ancestral population was small. Under conditions of protein starvation, threonine dietary intake could have been a limiting factor on growth, survival and successful reproduction and a reduction in the rate of threonine catabolism would have conferred a selective advantage on those individuals with defective TDH gene. Additionally, if we consider that the threonine catabolism pathway is also a glycine synthesis pathway, then a reduction in the production of glycine in inhibitory glycinergic neurons [37] may have contributed to human neural evolution.
Since humans lack a functioning threonine dehydrogenase enzyme and human parasites such as trypanosomes do possess one (Edgar and Horn, unpublished results, GenBank AF529241), the parasite threonine dehydrogenase enzyme is a potential target for therapeutic intervention. Indeed, in trypanosomes such as Trypanosoma brucei, which causes sleeping sickness, L-threonine dehydrogenase is an important metabolic enzyme and inhibition of this enzyme by a wide range of sulphydryl reagents, such as tetraethylthiuram disulphide, leads to a loss of trypanosome viability [38-40].
Loss of other metabolically important genes in man results in disease susceptibility. Man and primates are scurvy-prone, having lost the L-gulono-gamma-lactone oxidase gene that is found in most other eukaryotes, and are unable to synthesize L-ascorbic acid [41]. Man and primates have also lost the urate oxidase enzyme that catalyses the conversion of uric acid to allantoin. This results in a high concentration of uric acid in the blood, predisposing man to hyperuricemia that can lead to gouty arthritis and renal stones [42]. Humans have recently lost 2 functional genes involved in sialic acid function. They are the CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase gene (CMAH) [43] and the siglec-like molecule (Siglec-L1) [44]. However, no diseases have yet been associated with the loss of these genes. The CMAH enzyme converts the sialic acid, N-acetylneuraminic acid to N-glycolylneuraminic acid, potentially affecting recognition by a variety of endogenous and exogenous sialic acid-binding lectins. Siglecs are immunoglobulin superfamily member lectins that selectively recognize different sialic acids types and siglec-L1 preferentially recognizes N-glycolylneuraminic acid. To date, no disease has been associated with the loss of the TDH gene, but humans may not be able to metabolise high protein diets as efficiently as other mammals.
The human L-threonine 3-dehydrogenase gene is an expressed pseudogene, which accounts for the very low levels of threonine oxidation measured in humans by the production of labelled CO2 from labelled threonine. This suggests that the L-serine/threonine dehydratase pathway may be the only route in the catabolism of threonine in humans. The presence of a functional TDH gene in key mammal species such as pigs and mice and its loss in man should be taken into consideration when utilising hepatocytes in bioartificial livers and pharmacokinetic studies.
Genotyping of genomic DNA from individuals by restriction enzyme digests and DNA sequencing
Human genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood [45]. Regions of genomic DNA surrounding exon 4 and 6 splice acceptor sites were amplified by PCR using primers ATTGCGTGGCTACCAGTGA and CGATCTCCCGAAGATTCTTGT for exon 4 and GAATGAGATTTCAGAAAAAGGCAGG and AACCAGTTGTTCCTCCTCCA for exon 6, using the Advantage 2 cDNA polymerase mix (BD-Clontech, UK). Amplification conditions were: 30 cycles of 94°C for 10 sec and 57°C for 10 sec. PCR products were desalted using the QIAquick PCR purification kit (Qiagen, UK). Amplicons from the exon 4 splice acceptor site were digested in appropriate buffer with the restriction enzyme AciI. Amplicons from the exon 6 splice acceptor site were digested with the restriction enzyme Hsp92II. The amplicons were also sequenced directly using the big dye terminator cycle sequencing ready reaction kit and AmpliTaq DNA polymerase FS and run on an ABI 377 automated DNA sequencers (both from PE Applied Biosystems, UK).
Molecular cloning of human L-threonine dehydrogenase cDNAs
Clones encoding the human L-threonine dehydrogenase cDNA sequence were obtained by touchdown PCR amplification from liver and lung cDNA libraries using primers derived from regions of the sequence of the human genomic DNA clone RP11-110L10 which had homology to the 5' and 3' ends of the ORF of the porcine TDH cDNA sequence. The primers were: ATGCTGTTCATTAGGATGCTGA and GTTGGCTTGGGCAACTCTG and the cycling conditions were 94°C for 10 sec, 64°C for 10 sec and 72°C for 1 min less -1.0°C per cycle for 8 cycles followed by 24 cycles with an annealing temperature of 56°C. PCR products were examined by agarose gel electrophoresis and stained with ethidium bromide. For cloning, PCR products were excised from low-melting point agarose gels and the agarose digested with agarase (Promega, UK). The PCR products were cloned into the T-A vector pCR4-TOPO (Invitrogen, The Netherlands) and sequenced in both directions.
Tissue and cellular distribution of L-threonine dehydrogenase mRNA by RT-PCR
Human cDNA from 14 tissues (BD-Clontech) was analysed for the relative expression of TDH and the housekeeping gene, β-actin. Approximately, 0.2 ng of oligo-dT primed cDNA (derived from poly A+ RNA) from each tissue was amplified by PCR using Taq Gold polymerase (AB Applied Biosystems). For the analysis of TDH expression in 15 cultured cell isolates and cell lines, total RNA was extracted using guanidine thiocyanate and treated with DNase-I to remove any contaminating genomic DNA (total RNA isolation system, Promega). Total RNA was reverse transcribed with random hexamer primers using an AMV RNase H- reverse transcriptase, ThermoScript (Invitrogen). Approximately, cDNA derived from 50 ng of total RNA was used in each PCR. Tissue and cell master mixes were divided into gene specific mixes with the addition of PCR primers to a final concentration of 200 μM. The L-threonine dehydrogenase primers were: exon 7 and 8 boundary, GCCAGGCCATAGCGGAT and exon 8, TGTTTCCACCCCCAGTCCTT and produced a 73 bp amplicon and the β-actin primers were as previously described [46] and produced a 208 bp amplicon. The amplification conditions were; a 10 min hot start to activate the polymerase followed by 40 cycles of 95°C for 15 sec and 60°C for 1 min. The amplicons were examined by ethidium bromide stained agarose gel electrophoresis.
I thank Athina Milona for assistance with the genotyping and the Advanced Biotechnology Centre for DNA sequencing (Charing Cross Campus, Imperial College).
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Updated: July 4 2015 3:10AM (MSK)
Moscow, February 28, Interfax - Russia's moral and demographic situation raises a question about its future, Metropolitan Hilarion of Volokolamsk, head of the Synodal Department for External Church Relations, said.
"I often say that today there is a bad need for a 'strategic alliance' between Orthodox believers and Catholics, members of the ancient eastern Churches, traditional Protestants, that is to say all those who defend true Christian values - the family, children's upbringing, indissolubility of marriage, the value of human life from inception until death," the Metropolitan said in an interview published in the Komsomolskaya Pravda daily on Monday.
All these notions are being "totally reviewed, and we must oppose this," he said.
"Otherwise, both Russia and the Christian civilization in general will over [not so much] time lose their 'salt,' lose their image and remain just a subject of study for historians and archeologists," the hierarch said.
Russians "are beginning to get used to their country's "severe demographic crisis," he said.
Asked what the Church can suggest to change this situation, he recalled the recent major initiative by Russian Orthodox Patriarch Kirill, involving a set of proposals to fight abortions, to support families with many children, to help children left without parents and to pass new legislation to protect families and childhood.
Alexander Boroda: Russia has its own way achieved by sufferings, and it has right to exist
Metropolitan Hilarion: Metropolitan Vladimir's image has become an exceptionally positive part of Ukrainian history
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Vronique Brechler, David Handfield, Martin Boissonneault, Esther Tremblay, Benoit Houle and Luc Mnard.
Recent advances in combinatorial chemistry and genomics programs have led to an unprecedented increase in both the number of compounds and potential drug targets that can be screened. The development of automated liquid handling and microplate assay systems has helped to meet the demand for increased throughput. Concomitantly, the introduction of homogeneous, non-separation, assay systems has eased the development of fully automated assays, especially for G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). GPCRs are composed of a large family of membrane-bound receptors that are characterized by the presence of seven hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions (Watson et al ., 1994). These receptors are involved in numerous aspects of cell signaling and regulation, and represent one of the major classes of the current therapeutic drug targets for the drugs sold today. Traditionally, pharmacological binding assays for these receptors have been performed using filtration assays that are difficult to automate.
For over ten years, PerkinElmer Life Sciences has been actively involved in the development of expression systems and novel assays for GPCRs. Given the current market need for simple homogeneous assays for GPCRs, PerkinElmer developed a novel line of reagents that are ready-to-use and pre-formatted for detection of ligand-receptor interactions. Using FlashPlate microplates as the homogeneous platform, we have developed a proprietary coating procedure to allow the stable and efficient immobilization of recombinant GPCRs on FlashPlate microplates. Assays are microformatted to a minimum volume of 25 μl, thereby reducing the costs of reagents and radioactive waste management, but can easily be formatted to 50 μl.
Membrane-coated FlashPlate microplates are suppli


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Orange-Glazed Turkey Breast
25 Mar 2009
|Orange marmalade
|10 Ounce
|Lemon juice
|2 Tablespoon
|Prepared mustard
|1 Teaspoon
|Ground cloves
|1 Dash
|Turkey breast
|3 1⁄2 Pound
For orange glaze, in a small saucepan combine orange marmalade, lemon juice, mustard, and cloves.
Cook and stir over low heat till the marmalade is melted.
Set aside.
Rinse turkey and pat dry.
Insert a meat thermometer into the center of the thickest portion of turkey breast.
Place turkey in center of the cooking grill.
Grill 1 1/2 to 2 hours or till thermometer registers 170°F (77°C), brushing turkey generously with orange glaze during the last 15 minutes of grilling.
Transfer turkey to a serving platter.
Pass any remaining orange glaze.
Garnish with orange slices, if desired.
Recipe Summary
Difficulty Level:Medium
Course:Side Dish
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Orange-Glazed Turkey Breast Recipe


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Currently going through the Encyclopedia of Counseling for my Comps Exam on January 6th :D
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|3'0" (91cms) to 5'6" (167cms)
|Body type:
|Athletic and toned
|Slender, About average, Curvy, Athletic and toned
|No preference
|No preference
|Occasionally, Daily, Yes, but trying to quit
|Social Drinker
|Social Drinker, Regularly, Moderately
|Other profession
|Administrative / Secretarial, Artistic / Creative / Performance, Executive / Management, Financial / Accounting / Real Estate, Labor / Construction, Medical / Dental / Veterinary / Fitness, Retail / Food services, Sales / Marketing, Self-Employed / Entrepreneur, Student, Education / Teacher / Professor, Technical / Science / Computers / Engineering, Other profession, Nonprofit / Volunteer / Activist
Currently a counseling intern boxing coach (to the same teens I counsel). It is a remarkable job and the best job any guy could ever wish for. I have the best job at 26 and I feel fulfilled already.
|Less Than $25,000
|No preference
|Never Married
|Never Married, Widow / Widower, Currently Separated, Divorced
|Have kids:
|I'll tell you later
|Wants kids:
|Definitely, Someday
|Latino / Hispanic
|No preference
In my lineage, the last names that come from my grandparents are as such: Jara, Guerrero, Hernandez, Contreras, and Guzman. I am partially French, German, Mexican-Indian, and African. I am a blend of all races, except Asian.
|Christian / Protestant
|Agnostic, Buddhist / Taoist, Christian / Catholic, Christian / LDS, Christian / Protestant, Spiritual but not religious, Other, Christian / Other
I believe in the one true God, the one who gave us his son, Christ, to illustrate his eternal love for humanity. I believe all faiths have some kernels of truth--we all seek truth. This life is too fleeting to hate, I simply want to love.
|Bachelors degree
|High school, Some college, Associates degree, Bachelors degree, Graduate degree, PhD / Post Doctoral
I have completed my Master's degree in Psychology, with a minor in Philosophy at Lake Forest College. I'm currently working on my Master's in Community Counseling at Argosy University. I will begin my doctoral degree early next year.


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Mocha Midnights for Your Valentine
February 17, 2015 By Whitney Claire Leave a Comment
On February 5th my brand new induction range/convection stove was delivered. I was so excited that ÜH treated me to such a nice kitchen appliance that I knew exactly what the first thing I would cook in it would be… Valentine cookies sweet enough for my sweetie! But not just any Valentine cookies… Mocha Midnights! This […]
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Chez Dalinois Master Chef – The Art of Losing Momentum
January 31, 2015 By Whitney Claire 2 Comments
In my last post I talked about how I've been excited to embark on the monumental challenge of cooking more at home. I was really building up some good momentum to carry that New Year's Resolution straight into February. I waited with baited breath every Friday until the new Fresh 20 menu was released. I was […]
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How I Became the Chez Dalinois Master Chef
January 30, 2015 By Whitney Claire Leave a Comment
In June of 2014 I slipped quietly into the long awaited role of full-time Chez Dalinois CEO, CFO, Master Chef, and Event Coordinator Extraordinaire. It took some time to get the Master Chef title rolling at a full tilt. However, it was an unspoken resolution for 2015 to really start cooking at home more. And by […]
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The Woes of Winterizing the Chicken Waterer
January 29, 2015 By Whitney Claire Leave a Comment
I knew when the baby chicks came in August that planning for winter had to start immediately. Since the little ladies would be fairly good sized pullets by the time winter rolled around I wasn't too too worried about heating the coop, and with the location wind-breaks would be pretty easy to build up. The […]


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Der Regisseur Oliver Hirschbiegel erhielt für seinen Film Elser den Friedenspreis des Deutschen Films ? ?Die Brücke?. more
Monday 23 January 2006
Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, 23.01.2006
Beqe Cufaj, a Kosovar writer living in Germany, has some critical words to say in his obituary of Ibrahim Rugova. The Albanian president, he writes, was certainly more gentle than the UCK (or Kosovo Liberation Army), but not necessarily better. "The ...
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Your email address and the receiver's email address are only stored for the delivery process and to inform the receiver about the sender. In order to prevent abuse of the service, Perlentaucher Medien GmbH will store the ip-address from every sender for three months. In the event a third party can prove that its rights have been violated by the mailing of an article in conjunction with this service, Perlentaucher Medien GmbH will release the identification data for legal prosecution.


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The Wounded
View Single Post
January 26 2009, 01:04 AM
Re: The Wounded
diankra wrote:
So, the BBC played legal tricks like that to get round the ban in news coverage, but still dropped that TNG episode, presumably because it didn't reckon a passing reference in an imported SF series was worth the trouble it might possibly cause.
I agree with you that it was banned in the UK too, not just Ireland. And as you gussed, it wasn't a legal necessity to not show it but a political one. They didn't want to show an episode about such a hot topic.
Sky One meanwhile wanted to be more edgy and showed it, but cut out the line about the IRA.
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Alexandre da Cunha
10 Jul 2009 – 13 Sep 2009
Cost of entry
- Arkwright Road
- London
- United Kingdom
- www.camdenartscentre.org
Travel Information
- 13
- Finchley Road, Hampstead
AboutCamden Arts Centre is proud to present an exhibition of newly commissioned work by London-based Brazilian artist Alexandre da Cunha. His dynamic, large-scale sculptures improvise on the concept of the readymade by reusing everyday objects: job lots from pound shops, surplus fabrics and recycled goods, reflecting on their specific histories and aesthetics. Prior to the exhibition Da Cunha will be artist in residence in Camden Arts Centre's Artists' Studio, developing a new sculptural installation for Gallery 3. He often incorporates plinths or pedestals into pieces, examining classical ideas of presentation and the relationship to where the piece begins or ends. His approach also has a playfulness and humour. In recent work he has collaborated with crafts people such as wool spinners and dyers, transforming materials from their humble beginnings into spectacular objects. Da Cunha's recent solo exhibition at the Vilma Gold Gallery, London in 2008 explored his use of appropriation, showcasing street vendors who transfer images from magazines and other printed media onto t-shirts. Each collage was called a Sampling. Da Cunha's work often deals with the wider concern of the human condition, commenting on the distribution of wealth in his native Brazil.
Art form
Have you been to this event? What do you think? Join the discussion here!
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Gene Pitney joions Rock 'N Roll Heaven.
There will definitely be a tribute on tonight's show.
Gene Pitney joions Rock 'N Roll Heaven.
There will definitely be a tribute on tonight's show.
One of the first DVD's I ever bought was "The Man who Shot Liberty Valance" and the title song was sung by Gene Pitney. Great movie and great song.
Gene Pitney is probably underrated for his contributions to American music...he did many reallt good songs. I'll never forget this one, because it'll always remind me of being separated from loved ones when I was a child:
One of the great uses for whistling in a pop song...Please let me hold you and love you for always and always
"Only Love Can Break A Heart...Only Love Can Mend It Again"...
And another classic from a pretty interesting movie of the same name..."Town Without Pity"...
Thanks BD> I'm finding out that in musical matters, among other things, you are refreshingly wise beyond your tender years...How can we keep love alive
How can anything survive
When these little minds tear you in two
What a town without pity can do
God, grant me the serenity to accept the things I cannot change, the courage to change the things I can, and the wisdom to know the difference.
If Gene's songs don't speak for themselves as far as his talents I have three legendary songs that will prove it...
1. "Rubber Ball"-Bobby Vee
2. "Hello Mary Lou (Goodbye Heart)"-Ricky Nelson
3. "He's A Rebel"-The Crystals
ALL THREE songs were written by Gene Pitney.
Not only that but Gene Pitney played keyboards on the first albums by the Rolling Stones.
Now if that ain't the mark of a musical legend, I don't know what is.
BD...I hope I'm not blowing your cover here...Originally Posted by BDBopper
Folks, do you realize that this guy knows this stuff...that last bit I dodn't know...and at the time he was born, Boy George and Cyndi Lauper and the Go-Go's were topping the charts! I am impressed!
God, grant me the serenity to accept the things I cannot change, the courage to change the things I can, and the wisdom to know the difference.
well thank you Barry. Consider my cover blown LOL
Gene Pitney was inducted into the Rock N' Roll Hall of Fame, the year I graduated from High school. My senior year I was writing entertainment columns for my high school's newspaper. I decided to write about that year's inductees and I was amazed at what Gene Pitney had done in his career. He definitely deserved his induction.
Unofortunately there are so many others that deserve induction but have yet to be inducted and some of them never will because of the arrogance of the board of directors.
If there is one hall of fame that is spot on is the Country music HOF in Nashville. Not only do they induct everyone that deserves induction, they have exhibits that spotlight over genres important to Country music and the Nashville music scene in general.


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The DNS Server service may start without a valid IP address in Windows Server 2008 R2 if you configure the computer to use a dynamic IP address
Article ID: 2028666 - View products that this article applies to.
On This Page
Consider the following scenario:
This issue occurs because of a timing issue between the DNS Server service and the DHCP client.
Upon start, by default, the DHCP client tries to verify whether the previously assigned lease is still valid. In the above described scenario however, it cannot reach the DHCP server, therefore it takes more time to keep the previously used IP Address.
If the DNS service starts while the DHCP client is still validating, it will not find a valid IPv4 address to bind to.
Also, The DNS Server service registers for IP address change notifications to make sure that the service is informed of IP address changes, for example if the DHCP client service decides to keep the previous IPv4 IP address. However, the DNS Server service does not receive the notification if the computer receives an IP address in a certain time period. This certain time period is between when the service starts and when the service begins to listen for the IP address change notification. Therefore, the DNS Server service does not start by using a valid IP address if the computer receives the IP address in this certain time period.
Hotfix informationA supported hotfix is available from Microsoft. However, this hotfix is intended to correct only the problem that is described in this article. Apply this hotfix only to systems that are experiencing the problem described in this article. This hotfix might receive additional testing. Therefore, if you are not severely affected by this problem, we recommend that you wait for the next software update that contains this hotfix.
If the hotfix is available for download, there is a "Hotfix download available" section at the top of this Knowledge Base article. If this section does not appear, contact Microsoft Customer Service and Support to obtain the hotfix.
Note If additional issues occur or if any troubleshooting is required, you might have to create a separate service request. The usual support costs will apply to additional support questions and issues that do not qualify for this specific hotfix. For a complete list of Microsoft Customer Service and Support telephone numbers or to create a separate service request, visit the following Microsoft Web site:
http://support.microsoft.com/contactus/?ws=supportNote The "Hotfix download available" form displays the languages for which the hotfix is available. If you do not see your language, it is because a hotfix is not available for that language.
PrerequisitesTo apply this hotfix, you must be running Windows Server 2008 R2. Additionally, you must have the DNS server role installed.
Registry informationTo use the hotfix, you do not have to change the registry.
Restart requirementYou may have to restart the computer after you apply this hotfix.
Note If you stop the DNS Server service before you install this hotfix, you do not have to restart the computer.
Hotfix replacement informationThis hotfix does not replace a previously released hotfix.
File informationThe global version of this hotfix installs files that have the attributes that are listed in the following tables. The dates and the times for these files are listed in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). The dates and the times for these files on your local computer are displayed in your local time together with your current daylight saving time (DST) bias. Additionally, the dates and the times may change when you perform certain operations on the files.
Windows Server 2008 R2 file information notesImportant Windows 7 hotfixes and Windows Server 2008 R2 hotfixes are included in the same packages. However, hotfixes on the Hotfix Request page are listed under both operating systems. To request the hotfix package that applies to one or both operating systems, select the hotfix that is listed under "Windows 7/Windows Server 2008 R2" on the page. Always refer to the "Applies To" section in articles to determine the actual operating system that each hotfix applies to.
For all supported x64-based versions of Windows Server 2008 R2
Collapse this tableExpand this table
To work around this issue, configure the DNS server to use a static IP address.
Microsoft has confirmed that this is a problem in the Microsoft products that are listed in the "Applies to" section.
For more information about software update terminology, click the following article number to view the article in the Microsoft Knowledge Base:
(http://support.microsoft.com/kb/824684/ )Description of the standard terminology that is used to describe Microsoft software updates
Additional file information
Additional file information for Windows Server 2008 R2
Additional files for all supported x64-based versions of Windows Server 2008 R2
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Article ID: 2028666 - Last Review: October 21, 2010 - Revision: 3.0


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Extremist Groups React to the 9/11 Attacks
St. Louis, Mo.
Under the headline, "Dirty Rotten Arabs and Muslims," the Council's main Web site posts photographs of:
- Robert Khayat ("Syrian Chancellor of Ole Miss. Conducted a jihad against Southern Culture. Black Muslims and Arab Students Welcome!");
- The former Republican senator from Michigan, Spencer Abraham ("This crosseyed Lebanese ex-Senator lost reelection in Michigan due to his support of lax immigration laws. Osama bin Laden says: 'Thanks, Spence!'"); and
- Michael Muhammed ("Allah's Boy") of the black supremacist New Black Panther Party.
Under the photographs, the site adds, "Arab treachery and deviousness have been a scourge since biblical times. Islam is a religion of hatred and vindictiveness."
Sam Francis
Editor for the Council of Conservative Citizens*, Alexandria, Va.
"The blunt and ugly truth is that the United States ... started the war in the name of 'spreading democracy,' 'building nations,' 'waging peace,' 'stopping aggression,' 'enforcing human rights' and all the other pious lies... . What is new is merely that this week, for the first time, the war we started came home... ."
David Duke
President of the European-American Unity and Rights Organization*, Mandeville, La.
"The Government and Media, who are in service of a supremacist state in the Middle East [Israel], rather than the American nation, have made millions across the world despise us. ... [O]ur country now reaps the whirlwind. ... Our masters already plan ... a war on our most basic freedoms... .
"In the days ahead, let us free ourselves from the foreign powers that dominate us and put our love for our America and our people first."
Federation for American Immigration Reform
Washington, D.C.
On its Web site, FAIR reran a highly controversial advertisement featuring side-by-side photographs of Osama bin Laden and former U.S. Sen. Spencer Abraham (R-Mich.) under the headline, "Why Is a U.S. Senator Trying to Make It Easy for Osama bin Laden to Export Terrorism to the U.S.?"
FAIR originally ran the ad in 2000 because Abraham, the only Arab-American in the Senate, was backing legislation to allow more skilled workers visas to work in the United States. The ad was condemned nationally.
Institute for Historical Review
Newport Beach, Calif.
"[T]he jolting impact of the September 11 attacks ... will also encourage growing numbers of thoughtful Americans to see through the lies propagated by our nation's political and cultural elite, and its Zionist allies, to impose their will around the world. ...
"[R]age will grow against those who have subordinated American interests ... to Jewish-Zionist ambitions."
Michael Hill
President of the League of the South*, Monroe, La.
"In part, these events spring from an 'open borders' policy that has for the past four decades encouraged massive Third World immigration and thus cultural destabilization. Hence, these acts of violence were also the natural fruits of a regime committed to multiculturalism and diversity, hallmarks of empire rather than of nation. ...
"[T]his is America's wake-up call to forsake its idolatry and to return to its true Christian and Constitutional foundations."
Bill White
Webmaster for Libertarian Socialist News, Silver Spring, Md.
"The acts committed against the United States today were not 'evil' acts — they were acts that proceeded naturally and organically from U.S. policy, and they were acts of justice... .
"My sense of righteousness and justice knows that these acts are good in an absolute sense — because the natural and good result of evil policies is pain... ."
Richard F. Masker
Self-described "conspiratologist", Hayden Lake, Idaho
"Our New World Order treasonous government for sure knew about the plans for the WTC attack several weeks in advance and the Zionists saw the opportunity they had been diligently waiting for. ... When the planes hit the building the Israeli Mossad operatives used radio controlled detonators to bring the building down... .
"No human being has the mental ability to comprehend the degree of abject hatred that the Jew is capable of displaying toward all other non-Jews."
Norm Olson
Co-founder of the Michigan Militia Corps Wolverines, Alanson, Mich.
Saying large numbers of militia enthusiasts are being "reactivated," Olson said he was contacting President Bush to offer his group's help.
"The President knows that millions of patriots across America are equipped, armed and trained to guard and to defend our land. He is obliged and expected to recognize the citizen militia as its primary guardians. ... If America's enemies are among us, we will find them... ."
Micetrap Distribution*
White power music firm, Maple Shade, N.J.
"[A]lthough it would be illegal for me to publicly call for violence against the Muslims, I know there are many angry people out there and I surely support those that decide (on their own) to strike against these internal enemies by physical violence and damage against their homes, shops and places of religious worship. It is my opinion that we must strike fear into their hearts...
"I had originally planned to use all of my many resources to call for attacks against them, but later decided that this would cause me too many problems... . I believe it is up to us to cleanse our streets of their evil and plotting minds."
William Pierce
Leader of the National Alliance*, Hillsboro, W.V.
"This time ... things didn't go smoothly for the Jews and their U.S. bully boy. ... What happened this week is a direct consequence of the American people permitting the Jews to control their government and to use American strength to advance Jews' interests... .
"[T]he people who flew those planes into the World Trade Center and the Pentagon did it because they had been pushed into a corner by the U.S. government acting on behalf of the Jews... ."
Billy Roper
Deputy Membership Coordinator of the National Alliance*, Hillsboro, W.V.
"The enemy of our enemy is, for now at least, our friends. We may not want them marrying our daughters, just as they would not want us marrying theirs. We may not want them in our societies, just as they would not want us in theirs.
"But anyone who is willing to drive a plane into a building to kill jews is alright by me. I wish our members had half as much testicular fortitude."
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Should the San Diego Chargers Pursue Ex-Bengal Antonio Bryant?
by Chris Eggemeyer
The Cincinnati Bengals shocked the National Football League today by releasing veteran wide receiver Antonio Bryant a mere five months after picking him up from the Tampa Bay Buccaneers and signing hi... Read More »
Who's to Blame? Options, Options, Options
by Michael McMasters
24-25. That's it, folks. That's the final score. Whether you threw something through your television, broke down and cried, or laughed it off with a typical "what do you expect, it's Buffalo" ... Read More »
Dissecting the 2009 Bills Offense
by Danyel Geist
For a human body to acheive any goal, all of its parts need to work together properly. The same thing can be said for professional sports teams. Each player has his own special role, yet cannot fun... Read More »
The X Factor In 2009 Can Be Josh Reed
by Jeremy Juhasz
With all the attention focused on Terrell Owens this offseason, and to a degree, the trade rumors circling around Roscoe Parrish, a Bills veteran wideout has been shushed from the equation... Read More »
Great Plays of the 2008 Buffalo Bills
by Daniel Kolb
It was a year marked with early excitement, but perhaps inevitable disappointment as Buffalo notched a 7-9 record for the 3rd season in a row... Read More »


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European Union foreign ministers called for the lifting of the Gaza blockade and a "credible, independent" inquiry into Israel's interception of a Gaza-bound flotilla.
The call came in a statement released Monday afternoon following a meeting of the EU's Committee on Foreign Affairs in Luxembourg with the foreign ministers of the 27 EU states.
The committee also called for the release of Gilad Shalit or to allow the Red Cross to visit the captured Israeli soldier in Gaza. It also recognized Israel's "legitimate security concerns, including the need to cease all violence and arms smuggling into Gaza."
The EU ministers reportedly want Israel to switch from banning most goods into Gaza to banning a small number of specific goods. Quartet Mideast envoy Tony Blair told the ministers that he believed Israel would ease the blockade within days, according to reports.
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"The Dark Knight Rises" Review and Discussion Thread (spoilers)
View Single Post
July 27 2012, 09:16 PM
Greg Cox
Vice Admiral
Location: Oxford, PA
Re: "The Dark Knight Rises" Review and Discussion Thread (spoilers)
The Mighty Monkey of Mim wrote:
What's inventing something out of thin air is suggesting that Alfred is hallucinating seeing Bruce and Selena at the cafe and ignoring the other evidence of Batman surviving because..."it looked like he didn't have time to escape!" Of course it looked like that, it was supposed to, if it didn't there wouldn't be tension and there wouldn't be a surprise. Theatricality and deception.
Has anybody else been watching the old Green Hornet serial on TCM? Every episode ends with the Hornet apparently dying in a fiery plane crash or something, with no apparent escape.
So clearly Chapters 2 through 13 are fantasies or "open to interpretation."
Last edited by Greg Cox; July 27 2012 at
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Circus Smirkus 2013 Big Top Tour OZ INCORPORATED
Presented by CIRCUS SMIRKUS at Gore Place
July 26 - July 28, 2013
The international, award-winning, traveling youth circus features kids – ages 11 to 18 – on high-wire and trapeze, as clowns, jugglers, acrobats and more. This year's show is "Oz Incorporated." Grab your Ruby Slippers and click your heels together, as Circus Smirkus goes somewhere over the Rainbow with a new spin on the Wizard of Oz. It will take Acrobatic thinking, Highwire Hearts, and Courageous Clowns to embark on this Emerald City Adventure! This time it's all flying monkey business as we cartwheel down the yellow brick road to a new twist in the tale. Pull back the curtain and discover fun for the whole family.
Circus Smirkus has been featured in The New York Times, The Boston Globe, People magazine and more; as well as on the Disney Channel and other major networks. It is the subject of "Circus Dreams," a documentary that has been broadcast on PBS stations nationwide, and won awards at film festivals around the globe, including the 2012 Boston International Film Festival. An exuberant show brings all ages together under the Big Top! Family Fun magazine called Circus Smirkus "one of America's best circuses!"
52 Gore St
Waltham, MA 02453
Admission Info:
Adults (13+): $25
Children (2-12): $20
Under 2: FREE
Phone: 1-877-SMIRKUS
Accessibility Information: Currently, no accessibility information is available for this event.


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Results 1 to 4 of 4
Thread: sketchbook pages I liked
June 6th, 2004 #1
sketchbook pages I liked
Man ... I have to start sketching more, I miss my graphite and colored pencils
Here is stuff from the last few months I liked.
thats my buddie josh on the top right , he drank alot over memorial day weekend (he was blasted when I sketched him LOL)
guy on the right, any guess who?
I spent way too long with this, but i think I learned from it
I did this lastnight for the speedpaint thread but it was in my sketch book, and I liked it
- Similar Threads
- SketchBook: sketchbook pages
- Sketchbook Pages
- SketchBook: pages of my old sketchbook
- A few sketchbook pages.
- Pages from the Sketchbook
Hide this ad by registering as a memberJune 6th, 2004 #2
Wow very well done, I really like that soldier one the best.
And my guess for the guy on the right is Napolean, Bilbo Baggins, Those damn scary Umpa Lumpas from the Chocolate Factory??? Maybe, maybe not. Keep poppin' them artworks out like babies.
Last edited by Sok N. Wett; June 7th, 2004 at 05:14 PM."If you only heard one side of the story, then you must be deaf in the other ear." - Sok N. Wett
Sok's Sketchbook Thread Last Updated November 25
June 7th, 2004 #3
i like the zombie
June 9th, 2004 #4
Sok - haha , it was sposto be N.C.Wyeth lol ... deffently came out like a umpa lumpa though :bash:
phlem117 - thanks!
Anyways, Im thinking of buying a Burne Hogarth book, either "Dynamic Anatomy" or "Dynamic Figure Drawing" or both. Any thoughts?
and theres nothing quite like bad Anatomy , or none at all :eek:
Last edited by eljay; June 9th, 2004 at 01:44 AM.


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I was changing up my podcast habits and decided to subscribe to all of Pantswise and figured I would add "Brian is in You" as well. I then looked for the RSS feed (because I hate iTunes) and couldn't find it on the website, so I figured I would ask in the forum, and low and behold, it was mentioned in the sticky! Thanks Brian
Maybe put it on your website somewhere to though.


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black studded leather 'Snappy' continental wallet
designer's notes
If you're eying this Rebecca Minkoff wallet, you better make it 'Snappy'. The ladies love 'em!
color: Black Smooth, studded leather with silvertone hardware Front features snap removable pop up zip pocket Snap over tab closure Leather and fabric lined Two slit pockets and 14 card slots Measures approximately 8'' wide x 4'' tall closed Leather; Imported; style# 325912701


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Pirates vs. Mandalorians 1.0Jul 6, 2015 Full Version 2 comments
The first full version of Pirates vs. Mandalorians! Fight as the Black Sun Pirates, Galactic Empire, or Mandalorians with new units on new planets against...
In an alternate timeline where the Battle of Endor did not transpire well for the Rebels, fight for power in a new war as the Black Sun Pirates, Empire, or Mandalorians. Featuring two converted factions, graphical enhancements, new nonplayable factions, GCs, and more.
3 comments by Mogenar on Dec 14th, 2014
PvM fans,
It's been a while since I've updated this page with any progress on Pirates vs. Mandalorians. With a busy summer job and a hectic school year, finding time to work on PvM has been difficult.
That being said, I've been working tirelessly on PvM when given the chance, and now I present open beta 0.99 to the community.
Why have there been no other updates? 0.99 is going to be the last version of the open beta. I've spent the last few months combing through the mod, adding and finalizing features I desired in the first true release for PvM. Many of these features include scripting changes, hence why few images have been posted in the past few weeks.
So what's been done?
MDUs are back!
After largely removing them for bug fixing, MDUs are back in the game and ready for use. Particularly for the Pirates and Mandalorians, MDUs have been overhauled to include more useful and interested options. For example, as the image indicates, Mandalorians can now construct a makeshift bunker anywhere on the battlefield with their MDU.
The Mandalorian tech system works!
Getting the technician system to work properly has been a challenge in its own right, partially due to my learning of more of Empire at War's code as I move along with the PvM project. Finally, however, the technician system works as initially intended, with technicians recruitable from any planet in any order. For more information, check out PvM's tutorial, redone for the changes in 0.99.
A bunch of fixes
Of course, PvM couldn't be properly prepared for a full release without mopping up some bugs. A variety of scripting and text errors have been fixed, including one where minor heroes would respawn (forcing a player to fight all Imperial Warlords on the same planet!).
Approaching a full release, I've looked back to see if everything in PvM was up to par and mattered for the whole of the mod. To ensure that every aspect of PvM works as intended, a few things were removed. For example, perhaps at least temporarily, Rav Bralor has been removed, as her hero unit design was bland and lacked a well-defined role. In PvM Warzone, the Warlords presence on Mustafar has been temporarily removed, as this was part of an attempted Warlord base in the past that never saw realization. I will probably try to re-implement this base properly after 1.0.
To everyone who has provided feedback and encouragement, thank you. All of you have helped Pirates vs. Mandalorians get to where it is today. The first non-beta release of Pirates vs. Mandalorians will soon be upon us!
On behalf of the PvM Team,
Sith of Steel/Mogenar
The first full version of Pirates vs. Mandalorians! Fight as the Black Sun Pirates, Galactic Empire, or Mandalorians with new units on new planets against...
Extract to your FoC Mods folder and overwrite all files/folders. This provides a number of UI, balance, and AI fixes.
Provides numerous changes to gameplay, graphics, etc. in preparation for a full release. See the changelog for more details.
That would require inventing a new fighter role for Black Sun, and the faction already has several different types of fighters. I'm also not sure if there's a Supa Fighter model out there I could use.
Are you going to add Prince xizor's skyhook to the mod
PvM takes place after the destruction of Falleen's Fist, so no.
How is progress Mogenar?
Haven't made a whole lot lately. I've been working a full-time job for the past month now, hasn't left much time. I'm debating how much more I want to do with PvM...I want the Mandalorian AI optimized (if it isn't already), but other than that, I'm not sure what I'll be doing.
Could always add a surprise new planet with new features and perhaps on said planet add another non-playable faction (if it were to fit your new time constraints). Perhaps additional planet specific unique units like the thyferra healer. An example being if the Mandalorians take Kamino they can train clone troopers (because after all they are copied from Mandalorians). If the pirates take Nal Hutta they could get access to cheap hut units? I do not know the feasibility of this but they are simply ideas that I had come up with. In the past you had stated as well for future updates in the comments that you would eventually change the pirate star-base and add a new playable faction as well (once you reached 1.0). The mod is your design friend I personally would like to see it continue but if you cannot you cannot I understand. Good luck with the new job and I hope to hear back soon (one last thing if you have steam my account is Charles Cornwallis in-case you ever want to play this or something else).
Kamino already has recruitable EMP troopers and carrier Acclamators, so I probably won't add anything else as special units for that planet. I also probably won't do much Nal Hutta stuff because the original design of criminal units...well, they weren't all that useful. As for changing the Pirate starbase, I'd love to, but I haven't found a model for it. The fourth playable faction is still something very much on my mind, but I'd have to decide which one it is.
At the very least, I intend to optimize the AI, and that should be enough for 1.0.
I'd like to see the Kamino resurgence
I am actually working on an approved addon currently to make the Droid Revolution playable. I might add Kamino but they will not get nearly as much thought and effort as the Droid Rev which I have been working on and off now for a few weeks. I would argue they are 60% done but do not expect a release until around summer due to me being occupied with college classes. In addition I can assure you and others that adding a faction is not as easy as you may think. Lots of coding goes into it so it functions properly.
Before I started the coding myself as demonstrated by my older posts I believed it was easy however there is far more coding in it that I had believed back then(its kind of one of those things that you don't believe until you see it and personally I think the video games coding is rather inefficient). However I do enjoy it and look forward to releasing the addon in the future.
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