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Persistent Organic Pollutants Companies in Belgium
Category: Health & Safety ×
Subcategory: Persistent Organic Pollutants ×
Industry: Oil, Gas & Refineries ×
Location: Europe ×
Location: Belgium ×
Terragon Environmental Technologies Inc.
based in Montréal, QUEBEC (CANADA)
Terragon develops and commercializes innovative technologies and practices needed to enable habitats to treat their waste locally and safely in order to recover valuable resources to be reused at the site where waste is generated. Terragon researches and engineers highly innovative waste treatment systems which anyone can operate safely, economically and without special ...
MEGTEC Systems
based in De Pere, WISCONSIN (USA)
MEGTEC Systems provides environmental compliance solutions that make economic sense. MEGTEC offers a portfolio of proven, high-efficiency technologies including wet electrostatic precipitators, scrubbers and liquid atomization systems for particulate and acid gas control, DeNOx and evaporative gas cooling, regenerative thermal oxidizers (RTOs) for VOC abatement and odor ...
Macrotek Inc.
based in Markham, ONTARIO (CANADA)
With more than 80 years of experience, Macrotek Engineering offers a variety of air pollution control systems to suite a broad range of environmental requirements. Using some of the most innovative and effective technologies available in the industry, Macrotek provides cost-efficient applications for industrial air purification. Our mission is to produce customized ...
Environnement S.A
based in Poissy, FRANCE
Environnement S.A is the leading company in the field of instrumentation for the environment. Ever since its creation in 1978, Environnement S.A has been dedicated to the study, development, manufacture and supply of advanced on-line gas, particulate and water analyzers, using the most recent technologies. Environnement S.A proposes a comprehensive range of continuous ...
Sigma-Aldrich Co., LLC
based in Bellefonte, PENNSYLVANIA (USA)
Sigma-Aldrich is a leading Life Science and High Technology company whose biochemical, organic chemical products, kits and services are used in scientific research, including genomic and proteomic research, biotechnology, pharmaceutical development, the diagnosis of disease and as key components in pharmaceutical, diagnostics and high technology manufacturing. ...
SCFI Group Limited
based in Cork, IRELAND
SCFI provides a sustainable solution for wastewater treatment and sludge disposal with its innovative, unique AquaCritox technology. It delivers complete organic waste destruction that is fully sustainable, environmentally friendly, efficient and cost-effective. AquaCritox is especially suitable for the treatment of sewage, drinking water sludge and industrial organic ...
Microbac Ltd
based in Consett, UNITED KINGDOM
Microbac designs and supplies Wastewater Treatment Plants of all sizes for industrial effluents and sewage. Primarily based around Microbac`s own technology in submerged aerated fixed-film bioreactors or membrane bioreactors and adapted biological cultures, the treatment systems offer many advantages over conventional biological plants, including small footprint, rapid ...
Modern Water - Monitoring Division
based in Cambridge, UNITED KINGDOM
Modern Water's Monitoring division has developed some of the world's most advanced systems for monitoring water quality. We provide market-leading toxicity monitoring systems, trace metal and environmental monitoring systems. The range includes systems for portable, online, and laboratory use. Our toxicity monitoring products, Microtox and Microtox CTM, detect toxins in ...
NILU - The Norwegian Institute for Air Research
based in Kjeller, NORWAY
NILU is an independent research institute founded in 1969. NILU`s environmental building on Kjeller, the outskirt of Lillestrøm and Oslo, became the permanent headquarter in 1994. The institute conducts environmental research with emphasis on the sources of airborne pollution, atmospheric transport, transformation and deposition and is also involved in the ...
In-Situ Oxidative Technologies, Inc (ISOTEC) - Soil & Groundwater Remediation
based in Lawrenceville, NEW JERSEY (USA)
ISOTEC is the most respected full-service environmental remediation firm providing design/build remediation services including chemical oxidation and reduction via injection, soil mixing, and ex-situ treatment. ISOTEC is now part of the G.E.O. Inc. team implementing Gas Thermal Remediation (GTR©) for remediation via in-situ thermal desorption (ISTD). GTR© units heat by ...
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Let's jump in and talk all things Longmire . This week, Walt and his crew were faced with a bizarre campsite murder that implicated various troubled individuals. This storyline turned out to involve More »
Longmire Season 3 Episode 4 "In the Pines" airs Monday, June 23 at 10 PM ET/PT. Episode Synopsis : Episode 4 "In the Pines" – After a wilderness leadership trip takes a dark turn, Walt Longmire More »

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This i a map i made for editor playing.. Install it by unraring and putting the file into your men of war mods folder and thats it !!
Just a big map i made for editor playing . It is not diteiled . Sorry for bad english
a small map i made for editor playing it dosnt have a mission i will add that and multiplayer


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This class is recommended for those who wish to intensify their blood clucose control.
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Britta Lindquist left Sitka six years ago in an attempt to distance herself from the love of her life, Yuri Belikov. Upon her return, she finds Yuri absent and his wife about to deliver a child. When tragedy strikes, Britta suddenly finds herself caring for Yuri's children—and her life intertwining with the man she's tried so hard to forget. But Britta's other great love is for the violin, and her talent is recognized by Brenton Maltese, a conductor from England. The coveted first-chair position in his orchestra could be hers…but what is the cry of her heart? At a crossroads, Britta must determine what her heart truly longs for—and if she's willing to fight for it.
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Below are poems written by poet
Joyzel Mae Sotes. Click the Next or Previous links below the poem to navigate between poems. Remember, Poetrysoup is an environment of encouragement and growth. Thank you.
List of ALL
Joyzel Mae
Sotes poems
Joyzel Mae Sotes
The rainbow isn't clear.
I have a little fear.
Though I'm like a butterfly,
Too far I can fly.
All droplets of tears fall,
In my journey with a perilous hole.
A clash towards death,
Coz' blood is at seethe.
A chasm of perception,
Hope it's just an imagination.
All abhorrent decisions,
Can shatter our emotions.
by: JOYZEL MAE P. SOTES
January 3, 2014


text:
Dallas judge orders life term for child predator
DALLAS (AP) — A judge in Dallas has ordered life in prison for a convicted child sexual predator who violated rules of his civil commitment to a halfway house.
The Dallas Morning News (http://bit.ly/1blr6am ) reports 62-year-old Paul Harvey Andrews was sentenced Tuesday following emotional testimony from one of his victims.
Andrews was convicted in 1975 and 1985 of kidnapping and sexually assaulting children in Dallas County. He was sentenced to 75 years in prison in the 1985 case.
Andrews in 2010 was paroled but was deemed a sexually violent predator. He was sent to a halfway house where administrators say he refused to take prescribed medications, walked out of a sex offender treatment session and didn't properly charge a GPS tracking device.
A manager testified Andrews said he wanted to return to prison.
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38 CFR 8.28 - Application for reinstatement of total disability income provision.
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A total disability income provision which is lapsed may be reinstated if the insured meets the same requirements as those for reinstatement of the policy to which the total disability income provision is attached; except that in no event shall the requirement of a health statement or other medical evidence be waived in connection with the reinstatement of the total disability income provision.
[61 FR 29293, June 10, 1996. Redesignated at 65 FR 7437, Feb. 15, 2000, and further redesignated at 67 FR 54739, Aug. 26, 2002]
Title 38 published on 2014-07-01.
No entries appear in the Federal Register after this date, for 38 CFR Part 8.


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1. Put the popsicle stick in the apples.
2. Line a baking sheet with foil and spray generously with cooking spray, set aside.
3. In a saucepan over medium heat, put sugar and stir constantly for about 6-9 minutes or until the sugar is dissolved or until thermometer reads 235 F.
4. Turn off the heat and carefully stream in heavy cream, as it will bubble a bit, stir until bubbles have gone.
5. Add in vanilla to the caramel sauce.
6. Put the heat on to medium low and cook for another 5 minutes stirring constantly.
7. Turn off the heat and allow to cool for about 3 -4 minutes.
8. Dip the apple in the caramel sauce or spoon the sauce all over the apple to coat well, sprinkle with chopped nuts if using and place on the baking sheet.
9. Allow the caramel to cool and set.
10. Serve with remaining caramel sauce and a scoop of ice cream if desired.


text:
Touching on
topics such as anger at the absent spouse, loneliness, and
disciplining the kids, in addition to many others, this book
from Kregel Publications will encourage its reader and give
solid advice on how to not only survive but be happy while
shouldering much of the day-to-day responsibilities of
child-rearing and household duties. A final chapter written
by Ms. Coroy's husband giving his viewpoint is an
interesting addition to a well-written book that is sure to
help many women keep their sanity and their marriages
intact. I highly recommend Married Mom, Solo Parent by
Carla Anne Coroy!
This book review was a special request
from Gary Cassel for an adult reviewer, Sherri Myers, and is
being submitted under my daughter, Cheyenne Myers',
Reviewer Age:46
Reviewer City, State and Country:
Upper Strasburg, PA USA


text:
Company Overview of Independence Community Bank Corp.
Executive Profile
Charles J. Hamm
Chairman and Chairman of Executive Committee, Independence Community Bank Corp.
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Mr. Charles J. Hamm is the Chairman and Chairman of Executive Committee of Independence Community Bank Corp. He was Executive Vice President of McCann Erikson Worldwide and Vice Chairman of the advertising agency's USA division. Charlie serves on the Board of the Mystic Seaport Museum as well as the Brooklyn Botanic Gardens, Brooklyn Academy of Music. He served on the board of Pratt Institute for 11 years.
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Professor Lucas A. Powe, Jr.
Photo by Barbara Nelson.
Lucas A. "Scot" Powe Jr., a professor of law at the University of Texas Law School and of government at the University of Texas at Austin, will be at BookPeople Monday, May 4, at 7:30 p.m. to discuss and sign his latest book, The Supreme Court and the American Elite, 1789–2008 (Harvard University Press, 2009).
Powe, who clerked for U.S. Supreme Court Justice William O. Douglas in 1970–1971, is a leading historian of the Supreme Court and a First Amendment scholar.
In his latest book, Powe provides a revealing look at the history of the Court and the close ties between its decisions and the nation's politics at the time they were made. He renders fresh judgments on key decisions and shows the ways in which virtually every major Supreme Court ruling suited the wishes of the most powerful politicians of the time.
The story begins with the creation of the Constitution and ends with the June 2008 decisions on the rights of detainees at the Guantanamo Bay detention camp. The history reflects a changing Court, from the country's early struggles over commerce and transport, to the "justifications" of slavery before the Civil War, to a post-New Deal interest in ending segregation, controlling criminal procedure and addressing questions arising from the Cold War.
Powe has written three other books, including The Warren Court and American Politics, and was a principal commentator on 2007's four-part PBS series The Supreme Court. Powe joined the Law School faculty in 1971.
Related link:
The Supreme Court and the American Elite, 1789–2008 discussed on ShelfLife@Texas
Kirston Fortune, Assistant Dean for Communications, (512) 471.7330 or email@example.com.


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Mardel to Offer New Brand of Classroom Tools
"We classify anything that helps teachers manage their classrooms as 'classroom resources,' but the Make a Note brand features decorations and supplies that would be perfect for any home setting as well," King said.
The Make a Note brand is scheduled for release in stores and online early in 2013. Mardel has also hinted that a follow-up brand of office organizations will be available later that year. For more information on this and other Mardel education brands, visit http://www.mardel.com/education.aspx.


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Recent News
Modev Presents: Carolyn Chandler
From the Modev Presents Archive, we are taking a look back at ModevUX 2015. Each week, we chat with the latest ...Read More
Refinement and Wearables Promoted at Google I/O and WWDC, Signaling Maturing Mobile Marketplace
It was bound to happen. Eventually, the mobile industry would reach the point of maturity. Given the lack of zap and ...Read More
Modev Presents: Fuse
Each week, we chat with the latest and greatest people making a difference in the mobile world. Today we spoke to ...Read More
About Us
Who We Are
We're a group of passionate technologists, digital marketers, data scientists, and advocates dedicated to seeing the world transform through technology.
What We Do
We organize experiences that go well beyond knowledge sharing. We help smart people connect, improve and transform at a professional and personal level.
Our Core Values
We measure ourselves based on the experiences that we enable and whether or not the people and industries we serve improve through our actions.


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Meet the Family in Steve Niles' 'The October Faction' [Interview]
Last autumn, IDW launched The October Faction, a new ongoing series by Steve Niles and Damien Worm that tells the story of Fredrick Allan, a retired monster hunter who finds his well-being and family threatened by long-buried secrets. It's a creepy, atmospheric book, filled with new twists on classic horror tropes. With issue #6 arriving in stores next week, we got the chance to sit down with Niles to talk about how this title came to be and what he has planned for the future.


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Registration takes less than 1 minute.
Ocean carriers Mediterranean Shipping Co. and ZIM announced changes to two loops between the East Mediterranean and North Europe.
Maersk Line and Sealand will continue service through common user facilities at the Port of Houston.
French ocean carrier will commence transatlantic operations on a new joint pendulum service with Hamburg Sud and UASC this month.
Ocean carriers Hapag-Lloyd and Maersk announced plans for rate increases on August 1.
A spokesperson for the Port of Oakland said it will hire 500 additional workers to address a shortage in time for peak season in the fall.
Port Lafito offers upgraded facilities and capacity compared to Port-au-Prince.


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38 year old woman | Minneapolis, MN, USA | Seeking women 30-40 within 25 miles
Enjoying the journey.
I believe that kindness, sincerity and a good sense of humor are very important in relationships! I enjoy running, golfing, biking and anything outdoors! Absolutely love getting my hands dirty working in the yard. Travel is important to me and I really appreciate learning about different cultures. Some of my favorite times have been sharing conversations or moments over a cup of coffee or glass of wine. When I think about what centers me, it would have to be my relationships: family, friends (and a partner). Nurturing my relationships is very fundamental to who I am. I have a fulfilling life and have enjoyed the journey, but I very much look forward to finding my other half to build a family and life with.
Cycling, Golf, Running, Skiing, Walking / Hiking, Yoga
I exercise 5 or more times per week.
Biking and running trails, Pat's Tap, Downtown Mpls, Downtown StP, Happy Gnome, Dakota Jazz Club...I always love to explore.
Spending time with loved ones, U2, Van Morrison, Eva Cassidy, Brandi Carlile, Nat King Cole, Amos Lee, Me Talk Pretty One Day, The Alchemist, my camping headlamp, pop culture (guilty pleasure), guacamole, coffee, learning...
I enjoy anything outdoors, backpacking, traveling, spending time with family and friends, pubs, playing games, photography, reading, doing creative projects, listening to live music.
The Presidents Club, The Language of Flowers (for my book club), People Magazine (smut...I know), Star Trib, NYT
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
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To understand the genetic architecture of complex traits and bridge the genotype-phenotype gap, it is useful to study intermediate -omics data, e.g. the transcriptome. The present study introduces a method for simultaneous quantification of the contributions from single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and transcript abundances in explaining phenotypic variance, using Bayesian whole-omics models. Bayesian mixed models and variable selection models were used and, based on parameter samples from the model posterior distributions, explained variances were further partitioned at the level of chromosomes and genome segments.
We analyzed three growth-related traits: Body Weight (BW), Feed Intake (FI), and Feed Efficiency (FE), in an F2 population of 440 mice. The genomic variation was covered by 1806 tag SNPs, and transcript abundances were available from 23,698 probes measured in the liver. Explained variances were computed for models using pedigree, SNPs, transcripts, and combinations of these. Comparison of these models showed that for BW, a large part of the variation explained by SNPs could be covered by the liver transcript abundances; this was less true for FI and FE. For BW, the main quantitative trait loci (QTLs) are found on chromosomes 1, 2, 9, 10, and 11, and the QTLs on 1, 9, and 10 appear to be expression Quantitative Trait Locus (eQTLs) affecting gene expression in the liver. Chromosome 9 is the case of an apparent eQTL, showing that genomic variance disappears, and that a tri-modal distribution of genomic values collapses, when gene expressions are added to the model.
With increased availability of various -omics data, integrative approaches are promising tools for understanding the genetic architecture of complex traits. Partitioning of explained variances at the chromosome and genome-segment level clearly separated regulatory and structural genomic variation as the areas where SNP effects disappeared/remained after adding transcripts to the model. The models that include transcripts explained more phenotypic variance and were better at predicting phenotypes than a model using SNPs alone. The predictions from these Bayesian models are generally unbiased, validating the estimates of explained variances.
Keywords:Bayesian; Body Weight; Feed Intake; Genome; Transcriptome; eQTL; Variance
Large amounts of genomic information generated from Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) microarrays have become available in recent years for many species [1-3]. This genomic information is used to detect polymorphisms that contribute to variation in economically important traits, such as production traits in farm animals [3]. Microarray technology is also used to screen the expression levels of thousands of genes, i.e., the transcriptome [4,5]. Studies have shown that genetic background can have a large impact on differential expression [6]. Integrating genome and transcriptome information can help to elucidate the underlying biology of the genotype-phenotype map, using expression Quantitative Trait Locus (eQTL) mapping [7].
However, in the eQTL approach, associations between SNPs, transcript level, and phenotypes are analyzed individually. This is likely to lead to "missing heritability" [8], because corrections for multiple testing lead to a high false negative rate and multiple SNPs and transcript level that jointly explain the phenotype are ignored [9,10]. Here we propose and demonstrate Bayesian models that model all SNPs and transcript level simultaneously to obtain explained variances by the whole genome and whole transcriptome. In these models, we identify eQTLs as those SNPs whose effects disappear when transcript level are added to the model. Genomic- and transcriptomic-explained variances are further partitioned by chromosome and genome sections to offer a view of the genetic architecture on different aggregation levels.
The choice of Bayesian variable selection (BVS) models was due to its features to separate markers with large/moderate or small effects, and to locate the important regions in the genome or transcriptome which serves a better QTL mapping method because it produces clearer signals for QTL [11]. Furthermore the prediction based on genomic variables using BVS is more accurate even when the prior is not correct [11-14]. It is important to say that simpler methods suffer from "missing heritability" too [15,16].
The aim of this study was to explore the contributions of various sources of variation, such as population structure, SNP variants, and gene expression levels, to a set of growth related traits (body weight, feed intake, and feed efficiency) in mice. These traits are very important, both in terms of agricultural production and for obesity in humans. Bayesian mixed models and Bayesian variable selection models were applied to model pedigree, SNPs and/or gene expressions and to derive explained variances for these components. In addition, they were used to partition of SNPs and gene expression by chromosome and genome sections. To validate the estimates of explained variances, the predictive ability of these models was studied using cross validation.
An M16 × ICR F2 population of 440 mice was available with complete records for body weight at 8 weeks (BW) and 337 records for feed intake (FI) and feed efficiency (FE), measured during the period 3 weeks to 8 weeks [17]. An additional 89 pedigree records were available that described the family structure up to the F0 founder lines. Data was obtained in three batches and the sex of the animals was recorded. At the end of the experiment, the mice were sacrificed and liver tissue was extracted for genome-wide expression profiling. RNA isolation, cDNA synthesis, array hybridization, normalization of probe level intensity, and annotation of data were performed as described in detail by [18]. Genotypes for 1806 highly informative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were available for each animal. These tag-SNPs were used to trace the genomic variation in this F2 population. Density functions of phenotypes are available in Additional file 1 and the whole data were made publicly available at ( http://gbi.agrsci.dk/~pso/BIG_genome_transcriptome/ webcite).
Additional file 1. Figure S3. Distribution of phenotypes of traits Body Weight including 440 animals, Feed Intake and Feed Efficiency including 337 animals each.
Format: DOCX Size: 12KB Download file
The most complete model used describes phenotypes y (BW, FI, or FE) by an intercept μ, environmental effects of batch and sex b, a polygenic effect based on pedigree u, regressions on SNP covariates a, regressions on gene expression covariates g, and a model residual e, as:
where X is the design matrix for batch and sex effects, Z is a design matrix that links polygenic effects to the observed records, W is a matrix with 1806 SNP covariates, and Q is a matrix with 23,698 gene expression covariates. The SNP and gene expression covariates were centered and scaled to unit variance.
Based on work of [19-22], the Bayesian mixed model version assigns normal prior to the vectors u, a, g, and e in (1), i.e., , where is the polygenic variance and A is the numerator relationship matrix based on pedigree information, is the per-SNP explained variance, is the per-gene expression explained variance, and is the residual or environmental variance. These four variances are estimated in the model using flat prior distributions, i.e., . The remaining parameters in (1), μ and b, are assigned flat prior distributions, which is the Bayesian analog of fitting "fixed effects" (unshrunken) estimates. A Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm was applied in the software bayz [23] to obtain samples from the posterior distribution of the model parameters . MCMC algorithms for sampling effects and variances in mixed models have been extensively described, for a general overview see [24]. The Monte Carlo accuracy of the MCMC algorithm was evaluated by correlating repeated estimates for the parameter vectors u, a and g, requiring a correlation >0.999 from repeated MCMC runs, and by computing the effective sample sizes for the variance components using the R Coda package [25].
The explained variance in y from (1) is var(Zu) + var(Wa) + var(Qg) + var(e). To obtain posterior means (PMs) and posterior standard deviations (PSDs) on the explained variances for SNPs and gene expressions, var(Wa) and var(Qg) were evaluated based on the posterior samples for a and g from the MCMC, i.e., as the PM and PSD of var(Wat) values over MCMC cycles, where at is the posterior sample for a from MCMC cycle t. This procedure is not required for the polygenic variance, because Z is a design matrix, unlike W and Q, which are covariate matrices.
The second model used was a Bayesian variable selection model, where the approach of George and McCulloch [26] was followed to fit mixture distributions with small and large variances as the prior distribution for regression coefficients. In model (1), such a mixture prior was applied to SNPs as well as gene expression regression coefficients, with independent parameters and mixture indicators for SNPs and for gene expressions. The basic model of George and McCulloch [26] was further extended to incorporate the variances in the mixture distribution as unknown model parameters, which allows the model to learn the relative importance of SNPs and gene expressions from the data. This variable selection model thus takes the prior distributions for a and g as follows:
where and are the "large" and "small" variances in the mixture distribution for a, and are the "large" and "small" variances in the mixture distribution for g, and and are vectors of 0/1 indicator variables for a and g, respectively, indicating whether the ith element in a or g, respectively, comes from the distribution with large or small variance. The variances were all estimated from the data using unbounded flat prior distributions. The constraints and were applied using a rejection sampler, so that "large" and "small" effects remained identifiable. The priors for the indicator variables were taken as and , where means a Bernoulli distribution for a 0/1 indicator with a probability π for a 1. The parameters were taken as known. The MCMC implementation of this model is relatively straightforward, because conditional on the indicator variables the model remains a mixed model. The updating of the mixture indicators is described in [26]. This model is also run in the software bayz [23], and the Monte Carlo accuracy was evaluated in the same way as the mixed model version.
From the posterior samples for a and g in the variable selection model, explained variances were computed and partitioned by chromosome and by genome section. The variable selection model is more suited to make such a partitioning, because unlike the mixed model version, it allows for different variance contributions per SNP. The explained variances were evaluated in the same way as for the mixed model, by evaluating var(Wat) and var(Qgt) over MCMC cycles t, except that the a and g samples are obtained under the mixture model prior assumptions. The same expressions can be straightforwardly evaluated for parts of the SNPs or gene expressions to obtain explained variances per chromosome and for small windows of SNPs within chromosomes. Variance within a chromosome was computed using a 5-SNP sliding window to obtain a genomic variance profile.
It is difficult to choose an optimal windows size as it depends on extend of LD, marker density and an arbitrary cut-off for what is considered important LD. In the data analyzed here, average R2 between adjacent SNPs was 0.55, and average R2 between SNPs two apart was 0.39, which we considered sufficiently high to warrant computation of variances in a 5-SNP window. To study the relative importance of family structure, SNPs, and gene expressions, six sub models and the complete model (1) were used. These were models that use only pedigree information (PED), only SNP data (SNP), only gene expression data (GEX), SNP + GEX, PED + GEX, PED + SNP, and the complete model PED + SNP + GEX. These models always included sex and batch effects.
The predictive ability of the models was evaluated using an 11-fold cross-validation. For body weight, 440 records were divided randomly in 11 groups, each with 40 individuals. Feed intake and feed efficiency, with 337 records in total, were randomly divided in 10 groups of 30 records and one group of 37 records. The complete model, including all variance parameters, was re-estimated on each set of 10 folds and predictions were computed for the phenotypes in the remaining 11th fold. All predictions from the 11-fold cross validation were collected to compute correlations between predicted and actual phenotypes, and regressions of predicted phenotypes on actual phenotypes, using the whole data set. The slope of the regression lines of predicted phenotypes on actual phenotypes are expected to be 1 if the model produces unbiased predictions, which would validate the estimates of explained variances. The University of Nebraska Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approved all procedures and protocols.
Results and discussion
Table 1 presents estimates of explained variances for the three traits using the seven models considered. The results in Table 1 were obtained using the Bayesian mixed model. We first discuss the models that consider genetic and genomic information, which are the PED, SNP and PED + SNP models. The PED model is the classical polygenic model, using family structure to estimate narrow sense heritability, which yielded estimates of 42%, 53%, and 58% for BW, FI, and FE, respectively. Genomic information alone (SNP model) explained less variance, i.e., 36%, 28%, and 24% for BW, FI, and FE respectively. It is a common finding that SNPs explain less variance than the classical heritability estimates [27,28], which is attributed to causal variants having lower minor allele frequency than the genotyped SNPs [15], insufficient modeling of Identity By Descent by SNPs [16], and incomplete linkage disequilibrium (LD) between causal variants and genotyped SNPs [15]. Combining pedigree and SNP data (PED + SNP model) increased the explained variance above that of using pedigree only, i.e., for BW the PED + SNP model obtained an explained variance of 59%, compared to 42% for the PED model. This phenomenon is particularly common in the analysis of an F2 population, where increased genetic variance in the F2 can be captured by SNPs, but not by pedigree. In the PED + SNP model, the part covered by pedigree decreased compared to the PED only model, showing that SNPs cover part of the family relationships [13,14,29].
Table 1. Explained variance in different models for Body Weight (BW), Feed Intake (FI), and Feed Efficiency (FE)
Overall, explained variances increase by adding gene expression information (GEX; data from liver), i.e., in the most complete model (PED + SNP + GEX) explained variances were 88%, 75%, and 71% for BW, FI, and FE respectively. This confirms the assumption that gene expressions can explain a larger part of phenotypic variance than genetic or genomic information, by capturing environmental, and possibly non-additive, genetic effects through the gene expressions [5,30]. Information on the genetic architecture of these traits is best judged from the relative contributions of genomic and transcriptomic data in the SNP + GEX model.
This model shows that, for these traits, the liver transcriptome contributes a larger portion of explained variance. This is most pronounced for BW, with 18% of explained variance from the genome and 63% from the liver transcriptome. Thus, in this case, the predominant model is that SNPs regulate gene expressions to exert their effect on the phenotype.
Figure 1 shows a decomposition of the explained variances at the chromosome and sub-chromosome level for the models using genomic (SNP) and genomic with transcriptomic (SNP + GEX) data for the trait BW. For the traits FI and FE, see Additional file 2 and Additional file 3 respectively. These results are based on the Bayesian variable selection model to better differentiate between genomic regions contributing more and less variance. The genomic variances at the sub-chromosome level are explained variances in a sliding 5-SNP window. At the chromosome level, chromosome 10 particularly stands out, with a relatively large contribution from the SNPs effects via transcriptome, but only a small contribution from the genome alone in explaining the phenotype. This does not mean there is no important QTL on this chromosome. In fact, there is a large QTL on chromosome 10; however, it is an eQTL whose effect can be captured by gene expressions. Figures 1b and c show the details at the sub-chromosome level, with Figure 1b showing the explained genomic variances when fitting SNPs alone (SNP model), and Figure 1c showing the explained genomic variances when adding gene expressions to the model (SNP + GEX model). The differences between these two graphs show locations of QTLs that regulate the liver transcripts and QTLs that exert their effect on the phenotype through another route. For BW, the main QTLs are found on chromosomes 1, 2, 9, 10, and 11, and the QTLs on 1, 9, and 10 appear to be eQTLs affecting gene expression in the liver. The QTL on chromosome 2 is an intermediate case whose effect is reduced, but does not completely disappear, when adding gene expressions to the model. Thus, this chromosome 2 QTL regulates liver transcripts, but must also have effects on BW through other routes, possibly by regulating genes outside the liver. The chromosome 11 QTL is a clear case of a QTL whose effect on BW does not work via the regulation of liver transcripts. The QTL locations are in agreement with QTLs detected for body weight in other studies [17,31-33]. The same graphs for traits FI and FE are provided as supplementary material. These traits show relatively more cases where QTL effects remain after adding liver transcriptome data, which is in agreement with results in Table 1.
Additional file 2. Figure S1. Decomposition of the proportion of variance explained by SNPs at the level of chromosomes and individual SNPs in two models: the independent model SNP and the conditional model SNP+GEX for Feed Intake. (a) explained variances from SNPs in SNP model (black) and SNP+GEX model (white) in each chromosome. (b) explained variance by individual SNPs in SNP model and (c) SNP+GEX model.
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Additional file 3. Figure S2. Decomposition of the proportion of variance explained by SNPs at the level of chromosomes and individual SNPs in two models: the independent model SNP and the conditional model SNP+GEX for Feed Efficiency. (a) explained variances from SNPs in SNP model (black) and SNP+GEX model (white) in each chromosome. (b) explained variance by individual SNPs in SNP model and (c) SNP+GEX model.
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Figure 1. Decomposition of the proportion of variance explained by SNPs at the level of chromosomes and individual SNPs in two models: the independent model SNP and the conditional model SNP + GEX for Body Weight. (a) Explained variances from SNPs in SNP model (black) and SNP + GEX model (white) in each chromosome. (b) Explained variance by individual SNPs in SNP model and (c) SNP + GEX model.
This method/approach is suitable for gene-level resolution. However, gene-level resolution is highly data dependent, i.e. it requires high marker density and a study population with LD blocks that span small genomic regions. In this work we have used F2 crosses from outbred lines, which has large LD blocks and this kind of data has limited resolution for fine-mapping of QTL.
One may argue that the most complete model is more interesting to investigate genetic architecture and chromosomal/sub-chromosomal variance but as we have shown SNPs and pedigree are largely confounded and they explain about the same variance. This confounded explained variance is getting worse in the case that both Pedigree and SNPs are in one model (PED + SNP model) which is shown in higher confidence intervals of explained variance by pedigree. The model with only omics information (SNP + GEX) is therefore simpler, more accurate and as effective as the model that also uses pedigree information. This is interesting for future applications of omics technologies, because we expect that pedigree information often will be absent.
Figures 2 and 3 present detailed graphs of the genomic variances (left panels) and the distribution of chromosomal genomic values or breeding values [34] of the animals (right panels) for chromosomes 9 and 11, and for models fitting SNP only (top) or SNP + GEX (bottom). Breeding value is defined as the value of an individual as a parent based on sum of its genes effects [34]. Chromosome 9 is the case of an apparent eQTL, showing that genomic variance disappears, and that a tri-modal distribution of genomic values collapses, when gene expressions are added to the model. Chromosome 11 is the case of a QTL that does not regulate liver transcripts. The detailed picture of chromosome 11 shows that adding gene expressions to the model makes the effects of this QTL clearer: genomic variances outside the QTL region reduce, and a clear tri-modal distribution of chromosomal genomic values is seen in the SNP + GEX model, but not in the SNP-only model. Table 2 shows the rank correlations between the predicted values from using pedigree (PED), genomic (SNP), or transcriptomic (GEX) information. Pedigree and genomic values correlate better than pedigree/genomic values with transcriptomic values. This confirms that pedigree and genomic information overlap to a reasonable degree, but this is less true for transcriptomic information.
Figure 2. Map of chromosome 9 for Body Weight, which follows pattern 1 such that the SNPs variance disappears when gene expression is added to the model (left). Distribution of the genetic values in population based on chr. 9 in the SNP and SNP + GEX models (right).
Figure 3. Map of chromosome 11 for Body Weight, which follows pattern 2 such that the SNPs variance remain unchanged when gene expression is added to the model (left). Distribution of the genetic values in population based on chr. 11 in the SNP and SNP + GEX models (right).
Table 2. Rank correlation (Spearman) between individual values predicted from different sources of information pedigree (PED), SNPs markers (SNP), and gene expression signals (GEX) in three traits
The prediction of phenotypes from these models, using cross-validation, is shown in Table 3, showing correlation between predicted and actual phenotypes, and the regression of predicted phenotype on actual phenotype. The scatter plot of predicted versus actual phenotypes is shown in Additional file 4. The results for explained variance and for prediction do not necessarily coincide, because prediction is also affected by the accuracy of the parameter estimates. The results show that predictions from the SNP model are all as good, or better, than from the PED model, while the explained variances from the SNP model were lower (Table 1). This can be explained by the SNP predictions being more accurate than PED predictions. Models including gene expressions show the highest correlations with phenotypes, meaning that models including gene expressions also provide accurate predictions. The regressions of predicted phenotype on actual phenotype are mostly around 1, indicating that the predictions are unbiased and that the explained variances where correctly assessed.
Additional file 4. Figure S4. Comparison of predicted breeding values versus phenotypes in the models using pedigree information only (PED), SNPs information only (SNP) and gene expression information only (GEX) for three traits Body Weight, Feed Intake and Feed Efficiency according to correlation shown in Table 3.
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Table 3. Correlation between predicted and actual phenotypes with different sources of information
With increased availability of various -omics data, integrative approaches are promising tools for understanding the genetic architecture of complex traits. We have developed a complementary approach to the univariate "eQTL" mapping, by considering Bayesian models that fit all genome-wide SNPs and transcript abundances in one model, and that estimate and partition explained variances by chromosome and genome segments. Our results show that, using gene expressions, more of the phenotypic variance can be explained and phenotypes can be better predicted. Predictions were also shown to be unbiased, which validates the assessed explained variances. The improvement of phenotype predictions using gene expression data will be useful for several applications in agriculture and medicine, although it should be assessed on a case-by-case basis as to whether a suitable tissue can be sampled for the gene expression measurements. Partitioning of the explained genomic variance at the level of chromosomes and genome segments showed clear examples of eQTL locations as regions where genomic variance disappears when gene expressions are added to the model. Our study used only gene expressions from the liver, and an obvious further extension is to include expressions from other tissues. The QTLs that did not disappear when transcripts are added to the model may be eQTLs that affect gene expression in a tissue other than liver. The Bayesian model is quite efficient for handling large sets of covariates, and extensions to include multiple sets of expressions will be feasible. We have not provided formal statistical tests in this model, but the Bayesian approach lends itself naturally to obtaining confidence intervals for (differences between) parameter estimates. The estimates of total explained variances from the Bayesian mixed model can also be obtained by a residual maximum likelihood (REML) approach. We verified this, and the Bayesian and REML estimates generally agree. However, using REML it is not feasible to utilize mixture priors to better discriminate between SNPs which contribute more or less variance, and to partition the variances at the sub-chromosome level, which is all straightforward in a Bayesian approach.
Our approach can easily allow up scaling to higher-density arrays, even to whole-genome sequence data with the variance components analysis as it was for gene expression probes in this study.
BW: Body Weight; FI: Feed Intake; FE: Feed Efficiency; SNPs: Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms; REML: Restricted maximum Likelihood; QTL: Quantitative trait loci; eQTL: Expression Quantitative trait loci.
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Authors' contributions
AE developed the data analysis pipeline, performed statistical analyses, interpreted the results and wrote the manuscript. PS and LJ were involved in project design, statistical analyses, interpretation of results and manuscript editing. DP and MA prepared the data for the analysis. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
This research is supported in part by the Quantomics research project that has been co-financed by the European commission within the 7th Framework Programme, contract No. 222664. This work is a part of PhD project scholarship from the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology of Iran.
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Updated: 07/24/2014 11:17 PM
Created: 07/24/2014 6:59 AM WHEC.com
News10NBC is learning new information in the public corruption case involving the husband of Monroe County Executive Maggie Brooks.
Robert Wiesner is one of the four men charged in connection with the multi-million dollar case. His attorney is hoping to get the two charges against Wiesner dropped. Meanwhile, an attorney for Daniel Lynch was able to get five of his 25 counts against him dismissed because of a statute of limitations.
Prosecutors say Wiesner and Lynch, along with John Maggio and Nelson Rivera, were involved in a scheme to rig the bids for several multi-million dollar public projects, then inflated the invoices and pocketed the extra money.
The group will be back in court next month.
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Very good sandwiches, and ribs. The restaurant is small, but the food more than makes up for it. Also on the menu is soup, which is VERY good.
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Giant snow storm went through he Chicago area this week. A whole foot of now in one day loved the fact they provided delivery to the hotel. Ribs were pretty good foe delivery. I'm sure the food is much better if you are it there.
Nick's is a fast food restaurant on Route 53 in Romeoville. Since it's about two minutes from my office, I sometimes find myself picking lunch up there about two or three times a week.
In my opinion, their chili is the absolute best in the world. It has a bit of a sweet taste to it, and I also add...
Wonderful, Tender, Melt In Your Mouth Ribs ! 60'S And 70'S Style Fried Chicken (as opposed to the modern day chicken "strips")And Garlic Bread !
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The city hotel is centrally located, near to the main station, and the Uppsala concert hall and congress centre. It is just a 5-minute walk to Uppsala city centre which offers great sights, shopping and a rich selection of restaurants and...More Info
Situated in Stockholm , this property offers an ideal place of rest and relaxation.More Info
The hotel is located in the northern part of a new, sleek Arch complex, which is ideally positioned next to the Uppsala Travel Centre, which includes the train and bus stations. The city centre is only a 5-minute walk away so guests can enjoy...More Info
This hotel is located in the Hammarby-Sjöstad district, only 200 m from the Hammarby ski slope and close to the lakes Hammarby and Sickla. Stockholm's old town is easily reachable as the Sickla Kaj train stop is only 250 m away. The Globe Arena...More Info
Located in the northwest of Stockholm, this city hotel lies in the picturesque district of Vasastan. Haga Park is to be found close by and it is a short walk to the districts of Odenplan and St. Eriksplan where guests will discover a selection of...More Info
Guests of this hotel will find themselves in the heart of the business district and just around the corner from Stockholm's best shopping, restaurants and nightclubs. The central station is 1.1 km away. Stockholm-Bromma airport is approximately 20...More Info
This business hotel is located only 100 m from Stureplan, in central Stockholm. Here guests will stay in a relaxing oasis in a lively part of Stockholm. The tourist centre and nearest links to public transport networks are all within walking...More Info
This hotel is 150 meters from the Royal Palace in Stockholm's Old Town. The Restaurant Reisen has a la carte menu inspired by Swedish and French cuisine, while the award-winning bar regularly hosts well-known DJs. The Gamla Stan Metro Station is...More Info
This appealing hotel is situated in the centre of the suburb of Solna in the north of Stockholm, with excellent shopping opportunities directly out front. The hotel is very popular with business travellers as is an excellent venue for conferences...More Info
This modern hotel is housed in a large building and conference venue in central Stockholm. It is situated on Wallingatan, a side street of the famous Drottninggatan, in a quiet area, yet close to all the sights and sounds of Stockholm, to ensure...More Info


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Manchester United's 2-1 loss at home to Swansea on the weekend provided a much-needed reminder of how poor the current squad at Old Trafford is. Many of us have been caught up in the whirlwind following Louis van Gaal's arrival, and were thus quick to forget how much was needed to improve the squad.
What is clear is that the team need additions at centre-back and central midfield. Another forward, either a striker or wide player, wouldn't go amiss either.
For much of 2014, Ed Woodward has talked up United's spending ability this summer, but thus far the only deals completed have been for Ander Herrera and Luke Shaw, two good additions but clearly not enough.
With two weeks remaining in the transfer window, United will need to move through the gears quickly in order to make up for the lack of quality in the squad.
Here's a look at five players United should target before the deadline.
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Blog Archive
Night Sky Guide for Summer 2012
Posted by Ray Sanders on 2012/05/11 11:14 CDT
This summer should provide great opportunities for stargazers to view planets, meteor showers, the transit of Venus, and for some, the annular solar eclipse. Check out these highlights of what you can look forward to this summer.
Planetary Radio: Taking Back the Night
Posted by Mat Kaplan on 2012/04/17 03:39 CDT
Planetary Radio for April 16, 2012 features an interview with Scott Kardel of the International Dark Sky Association.
Online Astronomy Course Update
Posted by Bruce Betts on 2012/03/06 11:27 CST
All the archived lectures from my free Introduction to Astronomy and the Solar System course, as well as links to the syllabus and how to watch the lectures live, can be found online.
Infographic: Viewing our universe's colors
Posted by Emily Lakdawalla on 2012/02/14 03:08 CST
An infographic explains in what "colors" of electromagnetic radiation we been able to observe our universe, over the length of the space age.
Checking up on Jupiter and Saturn
Posted by Emily Lakdawalla on 2012/02/10 01:51 CST
It's amateur astronomers, not professionals, who are shouldering the burden of constant monitoring of the weather on Jupiter and Saturn. What's going on these days in the outer solar system?
Bruce Betts' Free Online Intro To Astronomy Course
Posted by Mat Kaplan on 2012/01/31 08:35 CST
Bruce Betts will be returning to the virtual classroom at California State University, Dominguez Hills for an Intro To Astronomy course. The first lecture will be Wednesday, February 8, from 3:00 to 4:30pm Pacific Time.
Today's 365 Days of Astronomy Podcast Offers a Free, Online Astronomy Class!
Posted by Mat Kaplan on 2012/01/26 09:06 CST
The 365 Days of Astronomy Podcast begins this year's effort with an interview with Bruce Betts, who will be starting an online astronomy course. A transcription of the interview is included in this post, as well as a link to the podcast.
Watch this week's Google+ Space Hangout
Posted by Emily Lakdawalla on 2012/01/19 03:12 CST
This week's lineup is a largely astronomical crowd so most of the conversation concerned dark matter and boiling exoplanets and imaging the black hole at the center of our galaxy.
Posted by Ray Sanders on 2011/11/18 10:34 CST
The warm days and cool evenings of fall are giving way to cold days and colder nights. For many amateur astronomers, observing during winter is a bit of a challenge - clouds, dew, ice, and of course, the cold.
Video: Top 5 Awesome Things About the Webb Telescope
Posted by Emily Lakdawalla on 2011/07/15 05:51 CDT
With all the turmoil over the House's cancellation of the James Webb Space Telescope it seems an appropriate time to post this YouTube video.
Posted by Meg Schwamb on 2011/06/08 02:43 CDT
On May 5 and 6, I had a run on the WIYN (Wisconsin-Indiana-Yale-NOAO) telescope, a 3.5 m telescope, the second largest telescope on Kitt Peak in Arizona.
Summer Sights of the Solar System
Posted by Ray Sanders on 2011/06/07 03:23 CDT
What can you expect to see if you look at the night sky this summer (2011)?
Citizen Science projects for Planetary Science: Get Involved! Do Science!
Posted by Mike Malaska on 2011/05/12 05:13 CDT
Citizen Science projects let volunteers easily contribute to active science programs. They're useful when there is so much data it overwhelms computing algorithms (if they exist) or the scientific research team attempting to process it.
Talking Lasers on Aussie Radio
Posted by Ryan Anderson on 2010/05/13 04:35 CDT
Through a crazy random happenstance, I was just interviewed by a friend of a friend of a friend at Australian radio station 'triple j' for a feature on lasers!
Congratulations to the WISE team on a beautiful "First Light" photo!
Posted by Emily Lakdawalla on 2010/01/06 12:51 CST
Congratulations are due to the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) team on their lovely "First Light" image, unveiled at the 215th American Astronomical Society meeting.
Posted by David Seal on 2009/06/02 01:58 CDT
David Seal muses on his time as the mission planner for Cassini, and the history behind its name, and astronomy in Rome.
Posted by Jim Bell on 2009/05/04 12:46 CDT
Jim Bell describes his proposal to join the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Cameras science team.
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Zimmerman contends he lost track of Martin and was returning to his car when he was attacked. But Bahadoor's testimony appeared to suggest Zimmerman was moving away from his vehicle.
O'Mara later confronted her with a post she made on Facebook in which she "liked" a petition that championed the arrest of Zimmerman following the shooting.
A Sanford police sergeant who was the second officer to arrive on the scene also testified. Sgt. Tony Raimondo said he tried to seal a bullet wound in Martin's chest with a plastic bag and attempted mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.
Bubbling sounds indicated air was escaping the teen's chest, Raimondo said. Martin was pronounced dead a short time later.
During Raimondo's testimony, prosecutors showed jurors a photo of a dead Martin face-down in the grass, another of Martin's body face up with his eyes slightly open, and a third of the bullet wound. Martin's father, Tracy Martin, walked out of the courtroom during the testimony.
Wendy Dorival, former coordinator of the Sanford Police Department's neighborhood watch program, testified how she had worked with Zimmerman to set up a watch in his neighborhood.
When asked by prosecutor John Guy if neighborhood watch participants should follow or engage with suspicious people, she said no.
"They are the eyes and ears of law enforcement," Dorival said. "They're not supposed to take matters into their own hands."
Similarly, Donald O'Brien, president of Zimmerman's homeowners association, said it was his understanding that neighborhood watch members are supposed to "stay at a safe distance" and "let the police handle it."
But Dorival said she was impressed with Zimmerman's professionalism and dedication to his community.
"He seemed like he really wanted to make changes in his community, to make it better," she said.
O'Mara told CNN on Tuesday night that defense attorney Don West was trying to bring levity to the proceedings when he began his opening statement Monday with a "knock-knock" joke, but that "it probably should have been rethought."
Asked about Martin's parents leaving the courtroom at a few difficult moments in the proceedings, O'Mara said he understood, but that both sides need to steer clear of "a maneuver or showboating" that could influence jurors.
O'Mara said he wouldn't make a decision about putting Zimmerman on the stand until seeing more of the state's case.
"In this case, they have to prove beyond a reasonable doubt not only that the crime was committed and that it was in fact a crime, but that George didn't do so in self-defense," O'Mara told CNN's Anderson Cooper. "They have to disprove self-defense beyond a reasonable doubt. If I think that they ever get to that burden, then we might consider whether we have to present any case at all."
Follow Kyle Hightower on Twitter at http://twitter.com/KHightower
Follow Mike Schneider on Twitter at http://twitter.com/MikeSchneiderAP


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March 14 -- U.S. solar panel installations grew 76 percent in 2012 to 3.3 gigawatts, representing a tenth of the global market, led by large-scale projects in the desert southwest, according to the Solar Energy Industries Association. In 2013, photovoltaic installations are expected to grow 29 percent to reach 4.3 gigawatts along with 946 megawatts of concentrating solar thermal power, which uses mirrors to focus the sun's energy to drive generators, the Washington-based trade group forecast today in a statement.. >>View Article
U.S. Approves 1,100 Megawatts of Wind, Solar Projects
March 14 --The U.S. approved three renewable- energy projects to be built on federal land in California and Nevada. The two solar farms and one wind project are expected to total 1,100 megawatts of capacity, enough to power more than 340,000 homes, Interior Secretary Ken Salazar said today at a press conference in San Francisco. >>View Artice
'Cloud Computing King' Salesforce To Power Data Centers With Renewables
March 13 -- The software-as-a-service company that Bloomberg Businessweek recently called "a cloud computing king" announced last week that it is "committing to work to steadily increase the amount of renewable energy we use in our data center operations, to reach our goal to be fully powered by renewable energy." >>View Article
Intel Picks Science Fair Winners, Awards $630,000 To Genius High Schoolers
March 13 -- Sara Volz, a 17-year-old high school student from Colorado, received top honors and a $100,000 check Tuesday at a science fair for pioneering a technique to dramatically boost oil yields from algae, a crucial step in the economically viable production of biofuel from the plants. >>View Article
Can Wind, Water And Sunlight Power New York By 2050?
March 13 -- A group of scientists and energy analysts has laid out a path under which New York State could, in theory, eliminate its use of fossil fuels and nuclear power — including for transportation — by 2050. >>View Article
Thanks To PTC Extension, Google 'Actively Looking' To Procure Wind Energy
March 13 -- Encouraged by the extension of the production tax credit (PTC), Google will continue to work with utilities to procure wind energy to power the company's data centers. >>View Article
KLM Is Powering Trans-Atlantic Flights With Used Cooking Oil Biofuel
March 12 -- "It really isn't smelly!" That's the assertion given by KLM to press and passengers on Friday, as the first-ever series of biofuel-powered intercontinental flights was inaugurated. >>View Article
Jobs From Clean Energy An Economic Bright Spot In 2012
March 12 -- Don Lepard, a Chattanooga business executive, recently won a contract from his hometown to install 27,000 wireless, energy-efficient LED streetlights in the city. Lepard moved fast. In the space of a few months, his company, Global Green Lighting (GGL), acquired a vacant 180,000 square foot manufacturing facility in nearby Hixon, Tennessee, brought back production lines from its operations in China, hired 25 people and started making bulbs. >>View Article
Poet To Process Sorghum At Largest Ethanol Plant, Chromatin Says
March 12 -- Poet LLC, the second-largest U.S. ethanol maker by production capacity, agreed to process sorghum from Chromatin Inc. into ethanol at its largest plant. Poet's Chancellor plant in South Dakota will use sorghum from as many as 4,400 acres grown in the state, Chicago-based Chromatin said today in a statement. Terms weren't disclosed. >>View Article
Tesla Arranges to Repay U.S. Loans Five Years Early
March 11 -- Tesla Motors Inc. (TSLA), which received $465 million in U.S. Energy Department loans to develop and build electric cars, will repay the funds five years ahead of schedule in a plan approved by the government. >>View Article
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The joint statement came from leaders who had publicly disagreed on the best ways to fix the world's slumping economy. While the United States had led the way in direct government spending, France and Germany held out for tough new regulations of the financial industry.
French President Nicolas Sarkozy, who had threatened to walk out of the summit if new regulations weren't tough enough, emerged a winner. By regulating hedge funds and cracking down on tax havens, the G-20 is putting the "madness" of deregulation behind and "redefining capitalism," he said.
The deal calls for a common global approach to deal with the "toxic assets" that have ruined banks' balance sheets — something the Obama administration already has proposed.
The $1 trillion in aid includes a $500 billion increase in loan authority for the International Monetary Fund; $250 billion in "special drawing rights" for developing nations; and $250 billion to finance trade deals.
The group will come together again this year, an indication its members don't think they've solved the crisis yet. But, Brown said, "we have begun the process by which it will be solved."


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There are several fantastic things that come with the arrival of a British summer. Periodically warm weather is one of them. Pimm's is another. But a whole lot of people gathering in a field somewhere to watch awesome new music is probably the best of all. It's coming up to festival season, and anyone who's anyone should be scrabbling to get tickets for the event (or events) of their choice. Where you'll have the most fun depends on what sort of person you are, so here's a guide to some of the UK's best music festivals:
For The First Timer:
If you've never been to a festival before, you really have to get tickets for one of the classics. Glastonbury, Reading or Leeds tickets may be impossible to get a hold of, but there are still plenty available for the Isle of Wight Festival, which is another biggie. This year, the island promises to host Bon Jovi, The Killers, Bloc Party and The Script among many others. Book a room in our Isle of Wight hotel to enjoy this epic summer event.
For The Hipster:
The Secret Garden Party was set up as an alternative to mainstream festivals, so is full of people who think of themselves as alternative too. The event, held on the grounds of a Georgian farmhouse, has grown dramatically over the last few years, and now attracts some top talents who want to keep in touch with their roots and perform on more intimate stages. Find a room at our Huntingdon Fenstanton hotel to join the gathering of people in the know.
For The Family:
Latitude festival in Suffolk is a great place to take the kids. Not only will there be some great music, with performances from the likes of the Yeah Yeah Yeahs, Rudimental, Beach House, Kraftwerk and Foals, there'll also be plenty of extracurricular fun going on too. Stay in our Lowestoft hotel and you'll be within easy reach of all sorts of shows and activities involving theatre, art, comedy, cabaret, poetry, politics, dance and literature.
For The Hardcore Partier:
The majority of your time at any festival will be spent in the party spirit. But none party harder than the festival-goers at T in the Park. This legendary Scottish music event is going to be even bigger and better than ever this year, as it celebrates its 20th anniversary. See Rihanna, Mumford & Sons, and The Killers, among many other top acts. Stay in our Kinross hotel and you'll be on the doorstep of the festival. Just make sure you leave yourself a few days to recover after what is guaranteed to be some serious partying.
For The Extreme Sports Fan:
There are few things that go together as well as high-energy music, and adrenaline-fueled extreme sports. If you're a fan of both, you'll love NASS music festival and the Bath & West Showground in July. Sponsored by Relentless and promising the best names in DnB and Dubstep, the festival will have you thoroughly pumped up. Stay in our Glastonbury hotel for the chance to see the top skaters and BMX riders do their worst.
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As Congress wrestles over renewing the Patriot Act's bulk collection of Americans' phone records, federal law enforcement officials are warning that legal authority is also at risk for lesser-known surveillance tools that are even more valuable in fighting terrorism.
Drinking water for 117 million Americans will be protected under new rules shielding small streams, tributaries and wetlands from pollution and development, the Obama administration said Wednesday.
Five senior Taliban leaders released last year from the U.S. prison at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, in exchange for Sgt. Bowe Bergdahl could move freely around the world next week as their one-year travel ban expires.
A revolution of sorts is afoot among adherents of the w […]
After a cameo role as bachelor coach on the latest episode of "The Bachelorette," comedian Amy Schumer has been offered the opportunity to be the leading lady in the next "The Bachelorette" by a top ABC official.
Hardly a week or two goes by without Fox News or some o […]
Watching your favorite TV show. A mid-afternoon snack. Visiting with Grandpa. Taking a ride on your bike and playing with friends. Those are fun things to do and you really hate to quit doing them. But as Grandma says, all good things must come to...
A spokesman for Rick Santorum says the former Pennsylvania senator is running for president.
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Minidoka National Wildlife Refuge
|This article needs additional citations for verification. (March 2012)
|Minidoka National Wildlife Refuge
IUCN category IV (habitat/species management area)
Minidoka National Wildlife Refuge
|United States
|Blaine County, Cassia County, Minidoka County, Power County, Idaho, United States
|Nearest city
|Rupert, Idaho
|42°40′13″N 113°23′22″W / 42.67018°N 113.38944°WCoordinates: 42°40′13″N 113°23′22″W / 42.67018°N 113.38944°W[1]
|20,751 acres (83.98 km2)
|Governing body
|U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Minidoka National Wildlife Refuge is located on the Snake River Plain in south-central Idaho, 12 miles (19 km) northeast of Rupert. It includes about 80 miles (130 km) of shoreline around Lake Walcott, from Minidoka Dam upstream about 25 miles (40 km).
About half of the refuge's acreage is open water and wetlands. In this arid landscape, these resources serve as an oasis drawing numerous wildlife species from miles around. Many species use the bulrush and cattail habitat that lines the lake's small bays. Others use the willows, cottonwoods, and other trees growing near shorelines. The rest of the refuge is low, rolling uplands covered by sagebrush, grasses, and isolated juniper patches among scattered outcrops of basalt. The refuge has a surface area of 20,751 acres (83.98 km2).[2]
The climate is semi-arid with about 11 inches (28 cm) of precipitation per year, much of it falling as snow during the winter. Summers are hot and dry with highly variable rain during thunderstorms. Winters are generally moderate but windy. The elevation is about 4,200 feet (1,300 m).
Undisturbed habitats are critical to colonial nesting birds, especially American white pelican, and molting waterfowl. Nowhere else in southeastern Idaho can such habitat be found in this quantity or quality. The refuge uplands are a mix of rock, sand, and shallow soil habitat that supports a diversity of small mammals, reptiles, and invertebrates. The basalt lava flows provide habitat for some of the more diverse reptile fauna in Idaho.
The Idaho dunes tiger beetle (Cicindela arenicola), a species of special concern, is found on refuge sand dunes, while the Utah valvata, an endangered snail, inhabits the reservoir. Both sage and sharptailed grouse occupy refuge habitat that is becoming increasingly important in the face of petitions to list these species.
More than 100 years ago, settlers on the Oregon Trail passed just south of the refuge; some crossed on an alternate route through the refuge. Today, thousands of visitors come to Lake Walcott State Park, located within the boundary of Minidoka Refuge, to camp, picnic, hike, observe wildlife, hunt waterfowl, boat, and fish. Sensitive wildlife areas are closed to recreational use.
This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service.
- IUCN Category IV
- National Wildlife Refuges in Idaho
- Protected areas of Blaine County, Idaho
- Protected areas of Cassia County, Idaho
- Protected areas of Minidoka County, Idaho
- Protected areas of Power County, Idaho
- Wetlands of Idaho
- Landforms of Blaine County, Idaho
- Landforms of Cassia County, Idaho
- Landforms of Minidoka County, Idaho
- Landforms of Power County, Idaho


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April 10, 2013
Barbeque never goes out of style, no matter what the season. During the cooler weather, you just have to get creative how you fix it. This quick and easy chicken recipe calls for chicken and a few basics, to marry in the slow cooker all day. Then, top with a sweet vinegar slaw and you have yourself a dinner that tastes like you have been slaving away over the grill. Perfect!
Quick and Easy Pulled Chicken Sandwiches
2 pounds skinless, boneless chicken breast
2 cups KC-Style BBQ sauce, divided
1 pound Sweet Vinegar Slaw
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