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43 year old woman | Dublin, OH, USA | Seeking men 25-44 within 50 miles
Prize in a Crackerjack Box!!
Im a fun goofy person who is looking for someone that can make me laugh.. I have taken life so serious thats its time to relax and live alittle. Family is very important to me and you must like kids .my kids are in their teens.. Im not perfect but maybe Im perfect for you . . Im not wanting to date around I want to have something true and meaningful.Im Looking to settle down with someone.. I want my last first kiss... That someone to grow old with and still be in love like the day you met . I understand it takes work and communication Im ready to give 100% are you? What do guys really want? Im confused.. and I thought we were suppose to be the mixed up ones..LOL I did have a more detailed profile but lets face whoooo reads them? Im going to list my basic what Im looking for and what Im not.. READY? Looking for: 1. Someone who wants a real relationship 2. Hard working and loyal 3. Funny (make me laugh) 4. Famly oriented 5. Tall 6. Someone that can carry a conversation 7. Sarcastic (someone who can make a joke and even laugh at themselves) because I will laugh at you.LOL 8. Affectionate ( likes to hold hands, hug, kiss) who can enjoy a night snuggled up watching movies 9. HONEST (no games) 10.Real says what they mean and mean what they say... 11. A man who isnt afraid to show attention and make you feel special Of course theres more but I dont want to overwhelm you :) i am a bigger girl..so if you dont like that body style I'm not for you...... my pictures are current. Not Looking for: 1. HOOKUP!!! No I will not send you nudes and NO I dont want to meet you for fun! 2. Cheater ( If you have a girlfriend or are married NOT interested) that does make you a cheater sorry but the truth is the truth!! 3. HOOKUP did I say that again????? hmmmm so many emails of people looking for sex... if you want that then there are sites out there JUST for that! Jus t google it..LOL 4. Smokers (uness you are a clean clean clean smoker) cant do it... 5. Must be male.... (long story) lol This list I will keep short.... this is me in a nutshell... I can be funny and sweet.. but where does that get ya??? so blunt and to the point seems to work better :) What you see is what you get.. Im not perfect .. heck far from it... I do like to be treated like a lady and with respect ... I mean come on open a door for a woman.(required). )..I grew up in a southern town and men there still tip their hats to the ladys... sooo sweet.... my grandpa always told me if a man doesnt show you the respect that you deserve he doesnt deserve you.... he was a very wise man.... still brought my grandma flowers after 60 years of marriage... and held her hand every moment he could... Just something to think about :)
Coffee and conversation , Cooking , Dining out , Hobbies and crafts , Movies/Videos , Museums and art , Music and concerts , Nightclubs/Dancing , Playing cards , Shopping/Antiques , Travel/Sightseeing
Billiards / Pool, Bowling, Dancing, Other types of exercise, VolleyBall, Walking / Hiking
I exercise 3-4 times per week.
I have Cats, Dogs
I like Birds, Exotic Pets, Fish, Horses
Some other viewpoint
Gameworks, hollywood casino, funny bone ....
Franklin University, Columbus, OH
I love to sit and watch it rain curl up with a good movie or a book or with that special someone..
I love to dance, play pool or darts...Walking in the rain... staying home watching a good movie.
50 shades of grey (dont laugh) lol
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
|What she is looking for
|5'6" (167cms)
|5'8" (172cms) to 6'5" (195cms)
|Body type:
|About average, Athletic and toned, A few extra pounds, Stocky
|Black, Blue, Brown, Grey, Green, Hazel
|Auburn / Red
|Black, Light brown, Dark brown, Blonde, Salt and pepper, Dark blonde, Bald
|No Way
|No Way, Occasionally
|Social Drinker
|Social Drinker
|Executive / Management
|No preference
I have been working in property management for 10 years.. I recently located back to Ohio from Seattle..
|I'll tell you later
|No preference
|Never Married, Widow / Widower, Divorced
|Have kids:
|Yes, and they live at home (3)
|Yes, and they sometimes live at home, No, Yes, and they live away from home, Yes, and they live at home
|Wants kids:
|Not sure
|Probably not, No, but it's OK if my partner has kids
|White / Caucasian
|No preference
|I'll tell you later
|No preference
|Some college
|No preference


text:
The monastery in Armagh began to dominate the Irish church in the 6th century A.D.
Monasteries, with their large population centers, were a key part of early Irish life.
y the middle of the 6th century, monasteries had become not only religious centers but also the cultural and economic bases of most Irish kingdoms. Far from the isolated, peaceful refuges we think of today, they were bustling population centers, wealthy and often involved in the dynastic wars that were a part of Irish life. Many monasteries had their own armies, and abbots frequently led them in battle against monasteries allied with rival kings.
In Europe's Dark Age following the fall of Rome, Christianity was confined to old Roman cities while pagan barbarian tribes set up new kingdoms among the ruins of the Empire. In Ireland's monasteries, scholarship and art flourished, so Ireland became the guardian of scholarship and theology for all Europe. Irish pilgrims brought Christianity and scholarship back to much of the Continent, and by the 8th century no European kingdom thought itself well served unless it had Irish scholars to advise the royal court. The rebirth of civilization in Europe grew on a foundation of Irish scholarship.
Probably the representation of a Celtic god, this early pre-Christian stone sculpture is currently in the cathedral in Armagh.
Two forms of Christianity competed in Europe in the 7th and 8th centuries: an Irish monastic model, decentralized and quite secular with divorce accepted and priests likely to have families, versus a centralized Latin model based on the power of a Pope in Rome who now demanded celibacy from his priests. Rome would be the ultimate winner. As the Latin Church consolidated power, a so-called "reform" movement aimed to curb what it saw as excesses of the Irish church. Ireland became the target of Roman propaganda, labeled an island of barbarians and a center of immoral pagan practices.
In the 12th Century A.D., politics and religion came together to force religious and political change in Ireland. Dermot MacMurrough, the ousted King of Leinster, asked England's King Henry II for help in regaining his kingdom. With the consent of an English Pope and the Archbishop of Canterbury in England, Anglo-Normans first invaded Ireland in 1167. It was the beginning of the end for a uniquely Irish Church.
© 2002 The Educational Broadcasting Corporation. All Rights Reserved.

subset: commoncrawl


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Summary: A Commonsense Guide to Grammar and Usageis just what its name suggests: a straightforward, student-friendly grammar guide. The text's modular lessons break down complex grammatical concepts with plain-language explanations, handy tips, and visual examples thatshow- rather than justtell- students how to recognize, correct, and learn to avoid errors in grammar. With hundreds of exercises in the book and thousands more available online for free atExercise Central, students get ample practice finding and fixing errors in their writing. The text also includes writing coverage and brief documentation guides for MLA and APA, making it a useful reference for a variety of college courses.
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: Speculation:
Mike Komisarek, bounce back year?
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Join Date: Oct 2008
Posts: 4,104
vCash: 500
Originally Posted by
Crash Test Domi
I really think and hope Komisarek is going to bounce back this year. First year with Leafs had a major injury, second year or third year with Leafs was accused of hitting a girl and was just completely lost under Wilson.
He was #1 shutdown guy in Montreal, then came to the circus that is Toronto and flopped miserably, for whatever reasons.
I think playing systems under Carlysle will get him back to his old form, because that run-n-gun style of Wilson he was like a chicken with no head.
Anyone else rooting for him to succeed this time? Because if you saw him Montreal, you know what his potential is. He's always been a team first guy, hence his beatings from Lucic.
It's very possible with the coaching change. It's all on Komisarek to work with Barb on his skating and improve on doing his role.
I think when he tries to do too much he gets overwhelmed. He could prove to be a pretty good shutdown pair with Holzer if that's how the lines end up out of camp.
He's also only played 154 games in the last 3 years, hopefully he is less injured next year.
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Moroccanoil Morrocan Oil Treatment
358 reviews
82% would repurchase
Package Quality: 3.6
Price: $$$$
Package Quality: 3.6
Price: $$$$
INGREDIENTSCyclomethicone, Dimethicone, Argania Spinosa Kernel Oil (Argan Oil), Parfum (Fragrance), Linseed (Linum Usitatissimum) Extract, Butylphenyl Methylpropional, Benzyl Benzoate, Alpha-Isomethyl Ionone, CI 26100 (Red 17), CI 47000 (Yellow 11).
on 1/16/2013 11:43:00 PM
Age: 19-24
Skin: Oily, Medium, Warm
Hair: Brunette, Straight, Coarse
Eyes: Brown
I ABSOLUTELY SWEAR by this product . Being a hairstylist I honestly must say this has got to be one of my most used products (aside from hair spray of course) :P I use this product on almost EACH and EVERYONE of my clients. Weather you have straight to curly hair or fine to course hair . This product is GREAT ! I know alot of people think "Oil is made for ethnic hair" but that is not the case as all people. This Moroccan Oil is made to tame frizz , treat your hair (obviously) , conditions , help keep your hair shiny , and best of all SPEEDS UP THE DRYING PROCESS ! (No way right?) I actually took a Moroccan oil class and the instructor had mention that this oil helps speed up the drying process of your hair =O So thick hair'ed girls who like to blow dry your hair GET THIS PRODUCT I promise you won't regret it . Also a little goes a loooong way with this awesome product :)
on 1/13/2013 1:17:00 PM
Age: 36-43
Skin: Oily, Other, Not Sure
Hair: Brunette, Other, Other
Eyes: Brown
I was hesitant to purchase as I thought this would be heavy on my fine hair. My hairdresser used it and said I only need a small amount (the product sold itself). I have been using for a few weeks just on the midshaft down on my shoulder length hair. AH-MAZ-ING product. I had used some prior to coloring my hair and noticed less hair in the drain.
on 1/13/2013 12:38:00 AM
Age: 19-24
Skin: Dry, Olive, Not Sure
Hair: Brown, Other, Other
Eyes: Brown
I used to really love this product and would buy into the whole expensive crap thinking that it really is making a difference with my hair. However, I recently found out that Argan oil is so much better and you can actually feel the softness of your hair each and every time you apply it. It is so much cheaper too! It's only $3 for a vial that will probably last you for a good month if you use it sparingly (dime size).
on 1/12/2013 4:13:00 PM
Age: 36-43
Skin: Combination, Olive, Neutral
Hair: Brown, Curly, Medium
Eyes: Brown
I am on my third bottle of Morroccanoil and absolutely adore it. Nothing smooths and defines my curls as well. It's a 5 for me, but a few things to keep in mind.
- If you have fine hair or blonde hair, this is not for you.
- If you have straight hair, it's a dry hair finisher and you should use a light hand focused on the ends.
- if you have long, thick, curly coarse hair that soaks up conditioners and oils like a man in the desert sucks down a water bottle this is your HG product
Yes, it can build up, and yes it has silicones, but it works! I wash my hair every 2-3 days and alternate between Prell and Moroccanoil shampoo. This insures my hair stays soft and healthy while avoiding buildup. I use 6-7 pumps on wet out of the shower hair. Comb through. Use 4-5 pumps of the Moroccainoil curl cream. Comb through. That's it. I do not touch my curls til they are dry. Then I gently shake them out a bit. PERFECT natural, wavy curls.
on 1/10/2013 8:50:00 PM
Age: 19-24
Skin: Sensitive, Medium Brown, Not Sure
Hair: Black, Other, Other
Eyes: Brown
I've been using this product as a staple in my hair-care regimen for a fair few years now and I love it.
It smells quite nice, doesn't leave hair looking greasy (unless you go a bit crazy with it), tames dry/frizzy hair, causes hair to dry quicker (as is the way with any oil really), and leaves hair looking beautifully shiny.
A little bit goes a long way and I only need to use a drop for my medium-long hair which isn't overly thick or thin. As a result, a tiny bottle lasts me over a year so although each bottle is pricey, it's good value for money.
I do recommend caution though, if you use too much, it does get too oily.
Overall, i'd recommend this product for dry, frizzy or damaged hair. Not sure how well it would work in oily hair..
on 1/2/2013 4:00:00 PM
Age: 18 & Under
Skin: Combination, Fair-Medium, Neutral
Hair: Brunette, Relaxed, Medium
Eyes: Brown
I just got the Morocconoil treatment as a gift for Christmas. I was super excited because I had been wanting it for a while, but being a student, I had to cut it out of the budget. Anyways, I absolutely LOVE this product. It smells great, doesn't leave a residue, and I found that my hair felt soft and healthier even after the very first use. The only thing I thought was a con to this product was the pump part of the packaging. I found it hard to pump out a little amount at a time, because the pump is fairly ridgid. Otherwise, a great product and I highly recommend it.
on 12/23/2012 8:04:00 PM
Age: 18 & Under
Skin: Acne-prone, Tan, Not Sure
Hair: Brunette, Other, Other
Eyes: Brown
My hair is naturally really frizzy and unmanageable and this oil has helped SO much with taming the frizz, making my hair more manageable, and making my hair appear more shiny and healthy. I will be repurchasing this product for a long time even though it is pricy. it is not super accessible but you can find it at hair/beauty salons or moroccan oil stores. it also smells amazing!
on 12/18/2012 6:31:00 PM
Age: 19-24
Skin: Combination, Fair-Medium, Neutral
Hair: Brunette, Straight, Medium
Eyes: Green
This is by far the best hair serum I have used. You need the smallest amount in you Han and run through the ends of your hair when wet or dry and leaves your hair soft and healthy looking. The tip is never apply too much and it will make your hair look greasy. Will be buying this for life.
on 12/10/2012 7:18:00 PM
Age: 25-29
Skin: Sensitive, Fair, Not Sure
Hair: Red, Other, Other
Eyes: Blue
I LOVE this hair serum. I use a little bit on damp hair before blow drying and styling. It makes my hair smell great and it makes it so silky and smooth. I love that even though my hair is pretty fine using a little on my ends doesn't make my hair greasy and gross. Got this as a gift, but once I run out I would definitely buy this again!
on 12/9/2012 8:12:00 PM
Age: 25-29
Skin: Normal, Medium, Cool
Hair: Brunette, Curly, Fine
Eyes: Green
I love this product - heard great reviews from friends/family so I've been using it for over a year now. It smells fantastic and leaves my hair super soft and shiny if I apply it to damp hair and air-dry. I sometimes apply it to dry hair before straightening, and I find that it really intensifies the look and feel of my hair - and it helps keep its shape (and avoid frizz) for days.
Rather than repurchase (because of the price), I have been using Garnier's Sleek and Shine Moroccan Sleek Oil Treatment, and I find that it is a suitable alternative. I prefer the scent of Moroccanoil, but the results are very similar.
Popular Hair Treatments


text:
This is a fabulous pair of miniature portrait's of mother and child on ivory signed M.Krantz Dresden,Germany. These beautiful portraits have a soft impressionistic appeal that is distinctive to Krantz. The delicate brushwork creates the effect of a painting lost in a dream. The mother and child's features are carefully rendered, with highlights setting off their lovely hair and eyes. Behind the mother's portrait is a lock of golden blonde hair from the child. The paintings are housed in a 3 ¼" x 4 inch oval forest green push button leather case. Each little masterpiece is 2 ½" x 3 inches of perfection.
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Update: Stricker, who's in the field this week for the WGC-Accenture Match Play Championship, has not played since the season-opening Hyundai Tournament of Champions because of a herniated C5 disc, PGATour.com reports.
Recommendation: He finished third at the TOC despite pain that crept down his leg and into his foot. Afterward, an MRI showed the disc problem. Therapy and a cortisone shot have him feeling good enough to return to the tour this week. Stricker, who announced late last season that he would scale back his 2013 schedule, said Tuesday the remainder of his schedule would include the three majors in the U.S., as well as The Players Championship, likely the Shell Houston Open and the John Deere Classic, which he has won three times. He also does not plan to play in the FedEx Cup.
- Sports & Recreation


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Use the equity in your home to pay for all the things you need - and want! Remodel your home, buy a car, pay off bills, take a vacation - the choice is yours. Benefits of this loan include:
To apply for a HELOC limit increase, please call us at 559-437-7700 or 1-800-538-3328, or visit any EECU branch.


text:
Hi there at Audiko, where you can easily get free ringtones for your cell. Today we have a ringtone of "Candy" by Robbie Williams as well as 2472 other ringtones by Robbie Williams. "Candy" is a gorgeous track from the "Take the crown" album that was created by Robbie Williams at their studios together with other 13 tracks. You can listen to all 414 Robbie Williams – "Candy" ringtone variations available here and download it for free directly to your mobile. You can also choose from other 20 albums produced by Robbie Williams for all time. "Candy" is referred to Pop, and you may listen to a huge amount of Pop compilations absolutely for free. And finally, we have collected lyrics for this track and you can view it here as well. So feel free to browse, listen, download ringtones at Audiko.net. Make your phone sound cool!
Robbie Williams - Candy
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text:
YIELD: Makes 4 servings
Preheat oven to 450°F. Toss tomatoes, olive oil, garlic, crushed red pepper, and 1 tablespoon marjoram in large bowl. Place chicken on rimmed baking sheet. Pour tomato mixture over chicken, arranging tomatoes in single layer on sheet around chicken. Sprinkle generously with salt and pepper. Roast until chicken is cooked through and tomatoes are blistered, about 35 minutes. Transfer chicken to plates. Spoon tomatoes and juices over. Sprinkle with remaining 1 tablespoon marjoram.


text:
Reviewed By Cristal L (DELTA, CO) Reviewed for a 2009 Dodge Challenger —6/19/2015 9:41 PM
This product really works and its gives out amazing power and to and really fast shipping
Reviewed By John O (Bennington, NE) Reviewed for a 2014 Dodge Ram —6/2/2015 11:56 AM
Installed the 91 octane tune on my 2014 Ram 1500 and yes I did feel a difference but not a 600 dollar difference. I plan on getting a custom tune from Hemifever tuning to make the thing worth its money. Its cool that you can take off the speed limiter and adjust a lot of things to you needs. I would recommend buying this through Hemifever.com with their tune already preloaded on it instead of just using the diablo pre-set tunes.


text:
January 11, 2013
Participants in last year's Georgia Children's Outdoor Initiative listen during a presentation from a representative of the University of Georgia Jekyll Island 4-H Center. Clayton County Parks and Recreation is now accepting applications for this year's outdoors program.
Stories this photo appears in:
Write an essay, see a turtle
County recreation department accepting 'Children's Outdoor' applications
Twelve Clayton County children will have the opportunity to touch sea turtles and touch hammerhead sharks this summer. It remains to be seen, however, which 12 children will get that opportunity.
Use the comment form below to begin a discussion about this content.


text:
Highlights: 2014 / 2015 Season
Find a show or venue
Order by phone
Your independent guide to the best shows in Kansas City
301 West 13th Street, Kansas City, MO 64105
301 West 13th Street, Kansas City, MO 64105
Move Live on Tour: Julianne Hough & Derek Hough
Jul 27, 2015
Opens Oct 07
Dirty Dancing
Opens Dec 08
Opens Feb 23, 2016
Kinky Boots
Opens Apr 05, 2016
July 27, 2015
You've loved them on Dancing With The Stars and now this brother and sister dance machine heads out on tour once again across the country! These live shows showcase the hottest live dance styles and routines, as well as chances for you to learn some moves and join in. Get ready to dance!
October 7-18, 2015
Long before Dorothy drops in, two other girls meet in the Land of Oz. One, born with emerald green skin, is smart, fiery and misunderstood. The other is beautiful, ambitious and very popular. Wicked follows these two unlikely friends and college roomates grow into very different women: The Wicked Witch of the West and Glinda the Good Witch.
December 8-13, 2015
Dirty Dancing treats you to an unprecedented live experience, exploding with achingly cool music, romance, and above all, sensational dancing. This touring production hews closely to the movie, packing in all its anthemic songs and cheesy one-liners with aplomb. It delivers everything the audiences can hope for - lots of sexy dancing and plenty of rock 'n' roll!
February 23-28, 2016
The record-breaking, Tony Award-winning Broadway phenomenon that tells the story of an unlikely band of underdogs who take on the biggest names in publishing in an "inspirational" (The Hollywood Reporter) fight for justice, is touring the country!
April 5-10, 2016
Kinky Boots is one of Broadway's most successful new musicals, snapping up six 2013 Tony Awards including Best Musical! The uplifting show tells the tale of a failing family-run shoe factory in England whose business trajectory is changed (and saved!) thanks to the influence of a stiletto-wearing drag queen named Lola.
Aug 7, 2015
Sep 19, 2015
Oct 7-18, 2015
Oct 22, 2015
Nov 20, 2015
Dec 8-13, 2015
Feb 23-28, 2016
Apr 5-10, 2016
Please note: The term Music Hall Kansas City as well as all associated graphics, logos, and/or other tradermarks, tradenames or copyrights are the property of the Music Hall Kansas City and are used herein for factual descriptive purposes only. We are in no way associated with or authorized by the Music Hall Kansas City and neither that entity nor any of its affiliates have licensed or endorsed us to sell tickets, goods and or services in conjunction with their events.


text:
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text:
I can't wait until this is the Reds lineup
1B Joey Votto
2B Brandon Phillips
SS Alex Gonzalez
3B Chris Valikia
LF Jay Bruce
CF Drew Stubbs
RF Josh Hamilton
I can't wait until this is the Reds lineup
1B Joey Votto
2B Brandon Phillips
SS Alex Gonzalez
3B Chris Valikia
LF Jay Bruce
CF Drew Stubbs
RF Josh Hamilton
I prefer
1B- Votto
2B- Phillips
SS- Gonzo
3B- Edwin
LF- Dunn
CF- Hamilton
RF- Bruce
Most Vottomatic Player
1. Hamilton
2. Phillips
3. Bruce
4. Encarnacion
5. Dunn
6. Votto
7. Gonzo
8. Catcher?
"There is a great man who makes every man feel small. But the real great man is the man who makes every man feel great." G.K Charleston
I am willing to bet we don't see much of Stubbs and Gonzo in the same line up. Gonzo is out of here at the end of 09, and I would bet Stubbs gets a call up around mid to late 09.
Championships for MY teams in my lifetime:
Cincinnati Reds - 75, 76, 90
Chicago Blackhawks - 10, 13, 15
University of Kentucky - 78, 96, 98, 12
Chicago Bulls - 91, 92, 93, 96, 97, 98
I have a hard time seeing the Reds keep all of their top hitting prospects as left handed hitters. We may see a trade for a Right handed hitter of approximately equal value to a team that needs a left handed bat, (see 2007 Reds for reasons why you don't want your "stars" to all be left handed). That being said, the above teams would/will terrorize right handed pitching.
How about the rotation as well?
I dont wanna burst your bubble but at one time I couldn't wait for Paul Householder, Duane Walker, Eddie Milner, Harry Spillman, Dave Van Gorder, Tom Lawless, Frank Pastore and Paul Moskau to hit the big club in the early 80's. They were the new BRM and there was nothing but good days ahead for the Reds with this cant miss bunch.
The reality is I cant get excited about ANY prospect (Homer included) until they show over a course of time that they can play in the bigs.
"Boys, I'm one of those umpires that misses 'em every once in a while so if it's close, you'd better hit it." Cal Hubbard
C Sardinha
1B Votto
2B Freel
3B Encarnacion
SS Lopez
LF Dunn
CF Denorfia
RF Kearns
This may be why RedsZone has such a hard time with Wayne Krivsky's deals for the likes of Hatteberg and Conine. We love those young guys who come up through our system with decent numbers, like Jim Bowden loves his five-toolers.
Eh i would say there was a time when we could wait to see
C Sardinha
1B Ben Broussard
2B Gookie Dawkins
SS David Espinosa
3B Brandon Larsons
LF Dunn
CF Griffey
RF Kearns
and Ty Howington Rob Bell and an assortment of other interesting arms I am forgetting...
ohh my that makes me depressed
Rob Bell?! Ben Broussard?!
Not with Chris Gruler and Mark Schramek in the organization.
Makes all the routine posts.
Chad Mottola, baby. Can't miss.
I'm just like everybody else. I have two arms, two legs and 4,000 hits."
-Pete Rose
no trades or free agent pick ups??????????
Board Moderators may, at their discretion and judgment, delete and/or edit any messages that violate any of the following guidelines: 1. Explicit references to alleged illegal or unlawful acts. 2. Graphic sexual descriptions. 3. Racial or ethnic slurs. 4. Use of edgy language (including masked profanity). 5. Direct personal attacks, flames, fights, trolling, baiting, name-calling, general nuisance, excessive player criticism or anything along those lines. 6. Posting spam. 7. Each person may have only one user account. It is fine to be critical here - that's what this board is for. But let's not beat a subject or a player to death, please.


text:
Demand continues to grow in suburban rental market
Cinda Bates and her son, Tim Bates, have a story that is very similar to thousands of other homeowners — now renters — in Kane County and around the country.
Cinda Bates and her son, Tim Bates, have a story that is very similar to thousands of other homeowners — now renters — in Kane County and around the country.
Emmanuel Rugamba is on a whirlwind football tour these days. That's a good thing.
Rachael Fara played for a Sports Performance club team this year that struggled like few before it.
Brad Caldwell realizes it will be a season to savor.
Another draft, another Big Ten power forward for the Charlotte Hornets.
Tira Collins loves to cook. "Once I get into my kitchen, wash my hands, put on my headphones and my apron and set up my work station, I get into my zone. I'm in a different world when I am cooking," she explains.
Nestled beyond an immaculately landscaped and inconspicuous entrance stands the home 25 Benedictine monks who live in community with each other and the surrounding communities that they have contributed greatly to for the past century
The 33rd annual Eyes to the Skies Festival returns to Lisle's Community Park July 2-4, with the carnival running July 1-5.
For bacon lovers, this weekend marks one summer festival that cannot be missed.
During the couple of weeks it took us to find another car, since road salt had apparently done irreparable harm to the frame of our old one, we were again impressed with one of the bitter truths about where we live. Without a car, you're pretty much out of luck.
We hold our parents on a pedestal hoping for validation, looking for love and approval. If you are an adult now, and if you are currently struggling to be heard, or are trying to seek approval and respect from others, then you are sort of on the wrong track.
Sunday having been both Father's Day and the first official day of summer makes this the perfect time to check in on what Dad has accomplished since the kids got out of school, and what remains to get done before they go back. This is assuming the regular family vacation(s) are already planned,...
Medicaid cuts would `devistate' nursing home residents
These are incidents reported by the Naperville Police Department:
Naperville police on Friday appealed to the public for help in finding those responsible for causing hundreds of dollars worth of water damage to two houses being built on the city's far southwest side.
When Naperville narcotics detectives capped a five-month-long drug investigation of Jeremy M. McRay by buying a small amount of white powder from him late last summer, they ended up not with cocaine, but with a harmless, floury substance.
A teenager from Naperville's far southeast side remained Wednesday in DuPage County Jail on $150,000 bail, after he allegedly broke into a neighbor's garage and stole a motor scooter, police said.


text:
Crown Royal, Netherlands, Laphroaig, Photo Challenge 2015
Whisky Magazine Issue 36
5th Birthday Issue - Monarch of the Glen - Glenrothes.
Published December 2003.
My Whisky
Keep track of how many bottles of this whisky you own or want. This information is viewable by other visitors.
Not a member? Register and login now
to add this whisky to your collection or wish list.
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text:
Welcome to the latest edition of Minerals Matters.
Whilst the economic picture has certainly improved over the last six months, there have been a number of stops and starts along the way. Data suggests further...more
In an opinion that may help clarify the jurisdictional and pleading requirements for plaintiffs seeking damages and injunctive relief for alleged injuries from vapor intrusion, the federal district court in Minnesota denied a...more
State common law tort claims based on air emissions from a power plant are not preempted by the federal Clean Air Act (CAA), according to the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Kentucky. The court agreed to...more
What is the latest date upon which a private plaintiff must file a claim for personal injury or property damage based on groundwater contamination in North Carolina?
Until recently, the answer to this question appeared...more
Clarifying when expert testimony on alleged diminution in property value becomes legally sufficient to support a so-called "stigma" claim, the Texas Supreme Court struck down a $350,000 jury verdict based on environmental...more
The Southern District of Texas found that negligent misstatement claims filed more than two years after the last alleged misstatement were time-barred and that the applicable statute of limitations was not tolled under...more
In interpreting the scope of the pollution exclusion, one question seems to appear in case after case — what exactly does the pollution exclusion exclude? In State Farm Fire & Casualty Company v. Dantzler, 289 Neb. 1 (2014),...more
Proposed rule changes in the Michigan Agricultural Environmental Assurance Program (MAEAP) have excluded some farmers from MAEAP verification and protection....more
SC19090, SC19091 - FairwindCT, Inc. v. Connecticut Siting Council -
This decision upheld the Siting Council's authorization to a Pullman & Comley client to install wind turbine electrical generation facilities in...more
Scaling back considerably from the October 2012 Term, the United States Supreme Court issued only a few rulings affecting environmental law during the October 2013 Term. With significant pronouncements regarding EPA's Clean...more
A New Jersey federal court recently dismissed an environmental suit against Lockheed Martin, rejecting the plaintiffs' argument that any exposure to particular environmental contaminants is harmful. Leese v. Lockheed Martin...more
This Spring, cases from Florida and Wisconsin reaffirmed the general proposition that a liability insurer's duty to defend must be determined from the specific claims in the underlying complaint against the insured, and not...more
The U.S. Supreme Court's denial of certiorari in Bell v. Cheswick could pave the way for more state common law air pollution tort suits and greater exposure for emitters.
A new wave of state common law air pollution...more
The Eastern District of Louisiana recently denied the Board of Commissioners of the Southeast Louisiana Flood Protection Authority-East's (Plaintiff) Motion to Remand its suit against 92 oil and gas companies back to state...more
During the first six months of 2014, Washington judges issued several notable insurance-related decisions. Some of those decisions were favorable to insurers and could benefit insurers in future insurance claims and lawsuits...more
On July 14, 2014, the Seventh Circuit decided Michigan et al. v. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers et al. (Wood, C.J., writing for a unanimous panel). While the court ultimately affirmed dismissal of the underlying action, the...more
Oregon's 10-year statute of repose may now play a bigger role in environmental lawsuits in the wake of the U.S. Supreme Court's ruling that the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA),...more
The D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals recently dismissed petitions brought by the City of Jersey City, NJ, and various environmental organizations challenging the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission's ("FERC") order granting a...more
In The Aransas Project v. Shaw, the Fifth Circuit reversed a lower court's finding that the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality violated section 9 of the Endangered Species Act through its combined actions and inactions...more
The U.S. Supreme Court has refused to hear the case of Kristie Bell v. GenOn, where the Third Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that the Clean Air Act did not preempt state common law actions seeking damages for air pollution....more
On June 2, 2014, the U.S. Supreme Court announced it would not review a decision by the Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit allowing state common law tort claims against sources of air pollutants. This spells uncertainty...more
The June 9, 2014, Supreme Court ruling in CTS Corp v. Waldburger represents a victory for companies and landowners with legacy environmental liabilities in states with a statute of repose applicable to tort claims. Moreover,...more
The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA), preempts statutes of limitations applicable to state-law tort actions for personal injury or property damage in certain...more
On June 9, 2014, the United States Supreme Court, in CTS Corp. v. Waldburger, ruled that an individual state's statute of repose is not preempted by the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of...more
On June 9, 2014, the Supreme Court ruled in CTS Corp. v. Waldburger et al. that the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA, or the "Superfund" law), which preempts state statutes...more
Find an Environmental Author »
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text:
Don't forget you can also tweet your links to me and I will RT the links to my follower and favourite them. I will also re tweet link you post to Twitter that you post from linky tools too. @clairejustineo #CreativeMondays. By linking up you are giving me permission to maybe feature your post next week...
This weeks pinned posts and featured blogs are-
|Vintage Requiem
|Thrift My Style
|Not Dressed As Lamb
|It Comes Full Circle
|Notes From The S Llife
|Craft Dictator
|Uss Crafty


text:
A monitoring device (20) for monitoring the vital signs of a user is disclosed herein. The monitoring device (20) is preferably an article (25) having an optical sensor (30) and a circuitry assembly (35). The monitoring device (20) preferably provides for the display of the following information about the user: pulse rate; blood oxygenation levels; calories expended by the user of a pre-set time period; target zones of activity; time; distance traveled; and/or dynamic blood pressure. The article (25) is preferably a band worn on a user's wrist, arm or ankle.
1. A method of monitoring a user's vital signs, the method comprising:
deactivating a processor for a deactivation period of 128 to 640 microseconds;
activating an optical sensor during the deactivation period to generate a signal corresponding to the flow of blood through at least one artery of the user;
reactivating the processor to process the signal to obtain an average pulse value of a first set of time periods;
processing the signal to obtain an average pulse value of a second set of time periods, the second set of time periods less than the first set of time periods;
subtracting the average pulse value of the second set of time periods from the average pulse value of the first set of time periods to generate a first filtered pulse data value;
processing the first filtered pulse data value to obtain a first heart rate value;
using the first heart rate value to filter the subsequent average pulse values generated from the digital signal to obtain a real-time heart rate value of the user;
processing the real-time heart rate data of the user for analysis of real-time calories expended by the user and for real-time display of a plurality of the user's vital signs; and
displaying the plurality of user's vital signs on a display member, the display of the plurality of user's vital signs controlled by the user using a control component.
2. The method according to
3. The method according to
4. The method according to
5. The method according to
The Present application is a continuation-in-part application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/388,707, filed on Mar. 24, 2006, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/665,116, filed on Mar. 25, 2005 and which is a continuation-in-part application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/085,778, filed on Mar. 21, 2005, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/613,785, filed on Sep. 28, 2004, now abandoned. The Present Application also claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/843,967, filed on Sep. 12, 2006 and U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/829,679, filed on Oct. 17, 2006.
Not Applicable
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention is related to real-time vital sign monitoring devices. More specifically, the present invention relates to a wrist, arm or ankle band for monitoring a user's vital signs, and a system that uses the monitoring device to display a real-time vital sign of an athlete/player during an event.
2. Description of the Related Art
There is a need to know how one is doing from a health perspective. In some individuals, there is a daily, even hourly, need to know one's health. The prior art has provided some devices to meet this need.
One such device is a pulse oximetry device. Pulse oximetry is used to determine the oxygen saturation of arterial blood. Pulse oximeter devices typically contain two light emitting diodes: one in the red band of light (660 nanometers) and one in the infrared band of light (940 nanometers). Oxyhemoglobin absorbs infrared light while deoxyhemoglobin absorbs visible red light. Pulse oximeter devices also contain sensors that detect the ratio of red/infrared absorption several hundred times per second. A preferred algorithm for calculating the absorption is derived from the Beer-Lambert Law, which determines the transmitted light from the incident light multiplied by the exponential of the negative of the product of the distance through the medium, the concentration of the solute and the extinction coefficient of the solute.
The major advantages of pulse oximetry devices include the fact that the devices are non-invasive, easy to use, allows for continuous monitoring, permits early detection of desaturation and is relatively inexpensive. The disadvantages of pulse oximetry devices are that it is prone to artifact, it is inaccurate at saturation levels below 70%, and there is a minimal risk of bums in poor perfusion states. Several factors can cause inaccurate readings using pulse oximetry including ambient light, deep skin pigment, excessive motion, fingernail polish, low flow caused by cardiac bypass, hypotension, vasoconstriction, and the like.
Chin et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,018,673 discloses a pulse oximetry device that is positioned entirely on a user's nail to reduce out of phase motion signals for red and infrared wavelengths for use in a least squares or ratio-of-ratios technique to determine a patient's arterial oxygen saturation.
Smith, U.S. Pat. No. 4,800,495 discloses an apparatus for processing signals containing information concerning the pulse rate and the arterial oxygen saturation of a patient. Smith also discloses maintaining the position of the LEDs and detectors to prevent motion-artifacts from being produced in the signal.
Another method for using a pulse oximeter to measure blood pressure is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,616,613 to Goodman for a 'Physiological Signal Monitoring System'. The '613 patent discloses processing a pulse oximetry signal in combination with information from a calibrating device to determine a patient's blood pressure.
Chen et al, U.S. Pat. No. 6,599,251 discloses a system and method for monitoring blood pressure by detecting pulse signals at two different locations on a subjects body, preferably on the subject's finger and earlobe. The pulse signals are preferably detected using pulse oximetry devices.
Schulze et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,556,852, discloses the use of an earpiece having a pulse oximetry device and thermopile to monitor and measure physiological variables of a user.
Malinouskas, U.S. Pat. No. 4,807,630, discloses a method for exposing a patient's extremity, such as a finger, to light of two wavelengths and detecting the absorbance of the extremity at each of the wavelengths.
Jobsis et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,380,240 discloses an optical probe with a light source and a light detector incorporated into channels within a deformable mounting structure which is adhered to a strap. The light source and the light detector are secured to the patient's body by adhesive tapes and pressure induced by closing the strap around a portion of the body.
Tan et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,825,879 discloses an optical probe with a T-shaped wrap having a vertical stem and a horizontal cross bar, which is utilized to secure a light source and an optical sensor in optical contact with a finger. A metallic material is utilized to reflect heat back to the patient's body and to provide opacity to interfering ambient light. The sensor is secured to the patient's body using an adhesive or hook and loop material.
Modgil et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,681,454 discloses a strap that is composed of an elastic material that wraps around the outside of an oximeter probe and is secured to the oximeter probe by attachment mechanisms such as Velcro, which allows for adjustment after initial application without producing excessive stress on the spring hinge of the oximeter probe.
Diab et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,813,511 discloses a disposable optical probe suited to reduce noise in measurements, which is adhesively secured to a patient's finger, toe, forehead, earlobe or lip.
Diab et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,678,543 discloses an oximeter sensor system that has a reusable portion and a disposable portion. A method for precalibrating a light sensor of the oximeter sensor system is also disclosed.
Tripp, Jr. et al., U.S. Statutory Invention Registration Number H1039 discloses an intrusion free physiological condition monitor that utilizes pulse oximetry devices.
Hisano et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,808,473, discloses a headphone-type exercise aid which detects a pulse wave using an optical sensor to provide a user with an optimal exercise intensity.
Mathews, U.S. Pat. No. 5,431,170 ("Mathews"), discloses a pulse responsive device, which has a pulse oximetry device (10) attached to a headband (12) and a separate read-out device (14) that may be attached to a glove and worn on the user's hand. Mathews discloses that the read-out device (14) has a digital display and an analogue display, however, Mathews provides no further detail.
Mault et al, U.S. Patent Application Publication Number 2002/0109600 ("Mault") discloses a smart activity monitor ("SAM") which is a pedometer based device which includes an electronic clock, a sensor, entry means for recording food consumption and exercise activities and a memory for storing such information. Mault fails to disclose the details of the display other than to mention that the SAM has a time display, an exercise display and a food display, with the exercise and food displays having a bar-graph style. Mault fails to disclose an optical sensor in detail, and only states that photo-plethysmography may be used to determine the heart rate by a sensor provided on the rear of a wrist mounted SAM.
Kopotic et al, U.S. Pat. No. 6,470,199, discloses a sock for positioning an optical probe.
Yasukawa et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,735,800 ("Yasukawa"), discloses a wrist-worn device which is intended for limited motion about the user's wrist. Yasukawa discloses an optical sensor that uses a blue LED with a phototransistor in conjunction with an analog to digital converter to provide a digital signal to a data processing circuit.
In monitoring one's health there is a constant need to know how many calories have been expended whether exercising or going about one's daily routine. A calorie is a measure of heat, generated when energy is produced in our bodies. The amount of calories burned during exercise is a measure of the total amount of energy used during a workout. This can be important, since increased energy usage through exercise helps reduce body fat. There are several means to measure this expenditure of energy. To calculate the calories burned during exercise one multiplies the intensity level of the exercise by one's body weight (in kilograms). This provides the amount of calories burned in an hour. A unit of measurement called a MET is used to rate the intensity of an exercise. One MET is equal to the amount of energy expended at rest.
For example, the intensity of walking 3 miles per hour ("mph") is about 3.3 METS. At this speed, a person who weighs 132 pounds (60 kilograms) will burn about 200 calories per hour (60�3.3=198).
The computer controls in higher-quality exercise equipment can provide a calculation of how many calories are burned by an individual using the equipment. Based on the workload, the computer controls of the equipment calculate exercise intensity and calories burned according to established formulae.
The readings provided by equipment are only accurate if one is able to input one's body weight. If the machine does not allow this, then the "calories per hour" or "calories used" displays are only approximations. The machines have built-in standard weights (usually 174 pounds) that are used when there is no specific user weight.
There are devices that utilize a watch-type monitor to provide the wearer with heart rate as measured by a heartbeat sensor in a chest belt.
The prior art has failed to provide a means for monitoring one's health that is accurate, easy to wear on one's body for extended time periods, allows the user to input information and control the output, and provides sufficient information to the user about the user's health. Thus, there is a need for a monitoring device that can be worn for an extended period and provide health information to a user.
Further, the viewers of an athletic event have always desired to have information on the athletes' performance during the event. Recently, graphical displays during televised sporting events have included: the trajectory of a hockey puck during a hockey game; the first down line during a football game; the location of birdies, bogeys and eagles for a hole during a golf tournament; and the out of bounds line during a tennis match. Further, informational displays during televised sporting events have included: the speed of a pitch during a baseball game; the speed of a serve during a tennis match; the distance of a drive during a golf tournament; the money won and cards held by a poker player; and the number of punches thrown during a boxing match.
The modern viewer of athletic events demands a greater quantity of information for the performance of the athlete. The modern viewer wants sufficient information of the athlete/player to vicariously participate in the event through the athlete/player.
The present invention provides a solution to the shortcomings of the prior art. The present invention is accurate, comfortable to wear by a user for extended time periods, allows for input and controlled output by the user, is light weight, and provides sufficient real-time information to the user about the user's health. Further, the present invention allows for the transmission of a multitude of the user's real time vital signs to a video display monitor during an athletic event to enhance the viewing enjoyment of the audience.
One aspect of the present invention is a monitoring device for monitoring the health of a user. The monitoring device includes an article, an optical device for generating a pulse waveform, a circuitry assembly embedded within the article, a display member positioned on an exterior surface of the article, and a control means attached to the article.
The article is preferably a band to be worn on a user's wrist or ankle. The article preferably has a minimal mass, one to five ounces, and is flexible so that the user can wear it the entire day if necessary. The monitoring device allows the user to track calories burnt during a set time period, monitor heart rate, blood oxygenation levels, distance traveled, target zones and optionally dynamic blood pressure.
Another aspect of the present invention is a method for monitoring a user's vital signs. The method includes generating a signal corresponding to the flow of blood through an artery of the user. The signal is generated from an optical device. Next, the heart rate data of the user and an oxygen saturation level data of the user is generated from the signal. Next, the heart rate data of the user and the oxygen saturation level data of the user are processed for analysis of calories expended by the user and for display of the user's heart rate and blood oxygen saturation level. Next, the calories expended by the user, the user's heart rate or the user's blood oxygen saturation level are displayed on a display member on an exterior surface of an article, which is controlled by the user using a control component extending from the article.
Yet another aspect of the present invention is a system for real time monitoring of a user's vital sign during a live event within a playing environment. The system includes a monitoring device, a computing device and an electro-optical display. The monitoring device is attached to an arm, wrist or ankle of the user. The monitoring device comprises means for generating a real-time vital sign signal corresponding to the heart rate of the user, and means for transmitting the real-time vital sign signal outside of the playing environment. The computing device is positioned outside of the playing environment. The computing device comprises means for receiving the real-time vital sign signal from the monitoring device, and means for processing the real-time vital sign signal for transmission to and image on the electro-optical display.
Yet another aspect of the present invention is a monitoring device for monitoring the health of a user. The monitoring device includes an article to be worn on the user's wrist, arm or ankle. The monitoring device also includes an optical sensor, a circuitry assembly, a display member and a control component. The optical sensor is disposed on the interior surface of the article. The circuitry assembly is preferably embedded within the annular body of the article. The display member is preferably attached to an exterior surface of the annular body of the article. The control component is disposed on the exterior surface of the annular body of the article. The control component controls the input of information and the output of information displayed on the display member.
Having briefly described the present invention, the above and further objects, features and advantages thereof will be recognized by those skilled in the pertinent art from the following detailed description of the invention when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
As shown in
It is desirous to adapt the monitoring device 20 to the anatomy of the user's arm 72 or even the user's ankle. The strap 96 is preferably composed of neoprene, leather, synthetic leather, LYCRA, another similar material, or a combination thereof. The article 25 is preferably composed of a semi-rigid or rigid plastic with a rubber-like or semi-flex plastic bottom layer for contact with the user's body. The bottom layer of the housing 95 may have a curve surface for contact with a user's body. The article 25 preferably has a mass ranging from 5 grams to 50 grams. Preferably, the lower the mass of the article 25, the more comfort to the user. The article 25 preferably has a thickness ranging from 5 mm to 10 mm, and is most preferably 6.5 mm. The bottom layer 95 a preferably has a thickness ranging from 3.0 mm to 5.0 mm, and most preferably is 3.3 mm. A top layer 95 a preferably has a thickness ranging from 2.0 mm to 5.0 mm, and most preferably is 2.63 mm. A mid-layer 95 c preferably has a thickness ranging from 0.25 mm to 1.0 mm, and most preferably is 0.5 mm. The housing 95 preferably has a width, W, ranging from 30 mm to 50 mm, more preferably from 35 mm to 45 mm, and is most preferably approximately 40 mm. The housing 95 preferably has a length, L, ranging from 40 mm to 65 mm, more preferably from 50 mm to 60 mm, and is most preferably approximately 55 mm. The article 25 preferably has a mass ranging from 5 grams to 50 grams, and more preferably from 10 grams to 40 grams. The light weight of the article 25 provides for more comfort to the user.
The optical sensor 30 is preferably positioned on the interior surface 98 of the housing 95 and electrically connected to the circuitry assembly 35.
The optical sensor 30 of the monitoring device 20 is preferably positioned over the radial artery 77 or ulnar artery 77 a (as shown in
In a preferred embodiment, the optical sensor 30 is a single light emitting diode ("LED") 135 based on green light wherein the LED 135 generates green light (λ˜500-600 nm), and a phtotodetector 130 detects the green light. Yet in an alternative embodiment, the optical sensor 30 is a photodetector 130 and a single LED 135 transmitting light at a wavelength of approximately 900 nanometers as a pulsed infrared LED. Yet further, the optical sensor is a combination of a green light LED and a pulsed infrared LED to offset noise affects of ambient light and sunlight. As the heart pumps blood through the arteries in the user's arm, ankle or wrist, blood cells absorb and transmit varying amounts of the light depending on how much oxygen binds to the cells' hemoglobin. The photodetector 30, which is typically a photodiode, detects reflectance/transmission at the wavelengths (green, red or infrared), and in response generates a radiation-induced signal.
Alternatively, the optical sensor 30 is a pulse oximetry device with a light source 135 that typically includes LEDs that generate both red (λ˜660 nm) and infrared (λ˜900 nm) radiation. As the heart pumps blood through the arteries in the arm, ankle or wrist of the user, blood cells absorb and transmit varying amounts of the red and infrared radiation depending on how much oxygen binds to the cells' hemoglobin. The photodetector 130, which is typically a photodiode, detects transmission at the red and infrared wavelengths, and in response generates a radiation-induced signal.
A preferred optical sensor 30 utilizing green light is a TRS1755 sensor from TAOS, Inc of Plano Tex. The TRS1755 comprises a green LED light source (567 nm wavelength) and a light-to-voltage converter. The output voltage is directly proportional to the reflected light intensity. Another preferred photodetector 130 is a light-to-voltage photodetector such as the TSL260R and TSL261, TSL261R photodetectors available from TAOS, Inc of Plano Tex. Alternatively, the photodetector 130 is a light-to-frequency photodetector such as the TSL245R, which is also available from TAOS, Inc. The light-to-voltage photodetectors have an integrated transimpedance amplifier on a single monolithic integrated circuit, which reduces the need for ambient light filtering. The TSL261 photodetector preferably operates at a wavelength greater than 750 nanometers, and optimally at 940 nanometers, which would preferably have a LED that radiates light at those wavelengths.
In a preferred embodiment, the circuit assembly 35 is flexible to allow for the contour of the user's arm, wrist or ankle, and the movement thereof. The circuitry assembly and display member 40 are preferably separate components electrically connected within the housing 95. In one embodiment, discussed below, the display member 40 is removed and the signal is sent to a device such as a personal digital assistant, laptop computer, mobile telephone, exercise equipment, or the like for display and even processing of the user's real-time vital signs information.
Alternatively, the circuitry assembly 35 includes a flexible microprocessor board which is a low power, micro-size easily integrated board which provides blood oxygenation level, pulse rate (heart rate), signal strength bargraph, plethysmogram and status bits data. The microprocessor can also store data. The microprocessor can process the data to display pulse rate, blood oxygenation levels, calories expended by the user of a pre-set time period, target zone activity, time and dynamic blood pressure. Further, microprocessor preferably includes an automatic gain control for preventing saturation of the photodetector, which allows for the device to be used on different portions of the human body.
The display member 40 is preferably a light emitting diode ("LED"). Alternatively, the display member 40 is a liquid crystal display ("LCD") or other similar display device. As shown in
As shown in
The monitoring device 20 is preferably powered by a power source 360 positioned on the article 25. Preferably the power source is a battery. The power source 360 is preferably connected to the circuit assembly 35 by positive wire 45 a and ground wire 45 b, and the ground wire 45 b and positive wire 45 c are embedded within the article 25. The power source 360 is preferably an AA or AAA disposable or rechargeable battery. The power source 360 is alternatively a lithium ion rechargeable battery such as available from NEC-Tokin. The power source 360 preferably has an accessible port for recharging. The circuit assembly 35 preferably requires 5 volts and draws a current of 20- to 40 milliamps. The power source 360 preferably provides at least 900 milliamp hours of power to the monitoring device 20.
As shown in
A connection wire arrangement 45 is shown in
The monitoring device 20 alternatively has a short-range wireless transceiver 36 b which is preferably a transmitter operating on a wireless protocol, e.g. Bluetooth™, part-15, or 802.11. "Part-15" refers to a conventional low-power, short-range wireless protocol, such as that used in cordless telephones. The short-range wireless transmitter 36 b (e.g., a Bluetooth™ transmitter) receives information from the microprocessor and transmits this information in the form of a packet through an antenna. An external laptop computer or hand-held device features a similar antenna coupled to a matched wireless, short-range receiver that receives the packet. In certain embodiments, the hand-held device is a cellular telephone with a Bluetooth circuit integrated directly into a chipset used in the cellular telephone. In this case, the cellular telephone may include a software application that receives, processes, and displays the information. The secondary wireless component may also include a long-range wireless transmitter that transmits information over a terrestrial, satellite, or 802.11-based wireless network. Suitable networks include those operating at least one of the following protocols: CDMA, GSM, GPRS, Mobitex, DataTac, iDEN, and analogs and derivatives thereof. Alternatively, the handheld device is a pager or PDA.
As shown in
A general method is as follows. The light source 135 transmits light through at least one artery of the user. The photo-detector 130 detects the light. The pulse rate is determined by the signals received by the photo-detector 130. An optical sensor 30 with a photodetector 130 and single LED 135 is preferably utilized. Alternatively, a pulse oximetry device with two LEDs and a photodetector is utilized.
This information is sent to the circuitry assembly 35 for creation of user's real-time pulse rate. The microprocessor 41 further processes the information to display pulse rate, calories expended by the user of a pre-set time period, target zones of activity, time and/or dynamic blood pressure. The information is displayed on a display member or electro-optical display.
In a preferred embodiment, the housing 95 has three control buttons 43 a-c. The control buttons 43 a-c are preferably positioned in relation to the display member 40 to allow the user immediate visual feedback of the user's inputted information. The middle control button 43 b preferably activates and deactivates the article 25. The left button 43 a is preferably used to scroll through the different modes. The right button 43 c is preferably used to input data. The control buttons 43 a-c allow for the user's personal data to be entered and for choices to be selected by the user. The left button 43 a preferably allows for the user's calories burned to be displayed on the display member 40 and for the activity to be reset, and allows for other fitness monitoring features to be displayed.
To activate the article 25, the middle button 43 b is depressed for preferably 0.5 seconds and then released. The display member will appear with a current pulse of the user and a calories burned display. The microprocessor preferably stores the calories burned and accumulates the values for a daily calories burned value and a total calories burned value until the activity is reset.
To enter the user's personal data, the middle button 43 b is depressed for 2 seconds and then released. The user will enter gender, age, mass, height and resting heart rate. Entering the data entails pushing the middle button to select a category (gender, age, . . . ) and then pushing the right or left button to scroll through the available options or to enter a value (e.g. age of the user). The middle button 43 b is pressed again to save the entry. This process is preformed until the user's has entered all of the data that the user wishes to enter into the microprocessor. The display member 40 will then display a heart rate and current calories burned value. A preset resting heart rate for men and women is preferably stored on the microprocessor, and used as a default resting heart rate. However, the user may enter their own resting heart rate value if the user is aware of that value. To access daily calories, the left button 43 a is pushed by the user and the display member 40 will illustrate the value for daily calories burned by the user. If the left button 43 a is pushed again, the value for total calories burned by the user will be displayed on the display member 40. The left button 43 a is pushed again to return to a heart rate value on the display member 40.
The right button 43 c is pushed to scroll through the choices of other output values, which comprises: basal metabolic rate; average heart rate; minimum heart rate; maximum heart rate; fat burn heart rate exercise target zone; cardio burn heart rate exercise target zone; and, summary of daily calories burned. The basal metabolic rate (displayed as "BMR") is an estimate of the total calories burned by the user in one day without exercise, and is based on the user inputted personal data. The average heart rate (displayed as "avHR") is the average heart rate of the user between resets, and is an overall indicator of fitness. The lower the average heart rate, the healthier the heart. The average heart rate is also a measure of the effectiveness of the exercise program employed by the user since a decrease in the average heart rate of the user will indicate the user's fitness has improved. The minimum heart rate (displayed as "mnHR") of the user is typically measured during sleep and periods of relaxation. The maximum heart rate (displayed as "mxHR") is typically measured during intense workouts. The fat burn heart rate exercise target zone (displayed as "fatB") displays a low and high range for the heart rate of the user to optimize fat burning during exercise. The cardio burn heart rate exercise target zone provides a high and low range for the heart rate of the user to optimize cardio conditioning during exercise. The summary of daily calories burned (displayed as "cal") displays the daily calories burned by the user.
In yet an alternative embodiment, an accelerometer, not shown, is embedded within the article 25 and connected to the circuitry assembly 35 in order to provide information on the distance traveled by the user. In a preferred embodiment, the accelerometer is a multiple-axis accelerometer, such as the ADXL202 made by Analog Devices of Norwood, Mass. This device is a standard micro-electronic-machine ("MEMs") module that measures acceleration and deceleration using an array of silicon-based structures.
In yet another embodiment, the monitoring device 20 comprises a first thermistor, not shown, for measuring the temperature of the user's skin and a second thermistor, not shown, for measuring the temperature of the air. The temperature readings are displayed on the display member 40 and the skin temperature is preferably utilized in further determining the calories expended by the user during a set time period. One such commercially available thermistor is sold under the brand LM34 from National Semiconductor of Santa Clara, Calif. A microcontroller that is utilized with the thermistor is sold under the brand name ATMega 8535 by Atmel of San Jose, Calif.
The monitoring device 20 may also be able to download the information to a computer for further processing and storage of information. The download may be wireless or through cable connection. The information can generate an activity log or a calorie chart.
The microprocessor can use various methods to calculate calories burned by a user. One such method uses the Harris-Benedict formula. Other methods are set forth at www.unu.edu/unupress/food2/ which relevant parts are hereby incorporated by reference. The Harris-Benedict formula uses the factors of height, weight, age, and sex to determine basal metabolic rate (BMR). This equation is very accurate in all but the extremely muscular (will underestimate calorie needs) and the extremely overweight (will overestimate caloric needs) user.
The equations for men and women are set forth below:
The calories burned are calculated by multiplying the BMR by the following appropriate activity factor: sedentary; lightly active; moderately active; very active; and extra active.
Sedentary=BMR multiplied by 1.2 (little or no exercise, desk job)
Lightly active=BMR multiplied by 1.375 (light exercise/sports 1-3 days/wk)
Moderately Active=BMR multiplied by 1.55 (moderate exercise/sports 3-5 days/wk)
Very active=BMR multiplied by 1.725 (hard exercise/sports 6-7 days/wk)
Extra Active=BMR multiplied by 1.9 (hard daily exercise/sports & physical job or 2�day training, marathon, football camp, contest, etc.)
Various target zones may also be calculated by the microprocessor. These target zones include: fat burn zone; cardio zone; moderate activity zone; weight management zone; aerobic zone; anaerobic threshold zone; and red-line zone.
Moderate Activity Zone, at 50 to 60 percent of your maximum heart rate, burns fat more readily than carbohydrates. That is the zone one should exercise at if one wants slow, even conditioning with little pain or strain.
Weight Management Zone, at 60 to 70 percent of maximum, strengthens ones heart and burns sufficient calories to lower one's body weight.
Aerobic Zone, at 70 to 80 percent of maximum, not only strengthens one's heart but also trains one's body to process oxygen more efficiently, improving endurance.
Anaerobic Threshold Zone, at 80 to 90 percent of maximum, improves one's ability to rid one's body of the lactic-acid buildup that leads to muscles ache near one's performance limit. Over time, training in this zone will raise one's limit.
Red-Line Zone, at 90 to 100 percent of maximum, is where serious athletes train when they are striving for speed instead of endurance.
Female, 30 yrs old, height 167.6 centimeters, weight 54.5 kilograms.
The BMR=655+523+302−141=1339 calories/day.
The BMR is 1339 calories per day. The activity level is moderately active (work out 3-4 times per week). The activity factor is 1.55. The TDEE=1.55�1339=2075 calories/day. TDEE is calculated by multiplying the BMR of the user by the activity multiplier of the user.
The heart rate may be used to dynamically determine an activity level and periodically recalculate the calories burned based upon that factor. An example of such an activity level look up table might be as follows:
Activity/Intensity Multiplier Based on Heart Rate
For example, while sitting at a desk, a man in the above example might have a heart rate of between 65 and 75 beats per minute (BPM). (The average heart rate for an adult is between 65 and 75 beats per minute.) Based on this dynamically updated heart rate his activity level might be considered sedentary. If the heart rate remained in this range for 30 minutes, based on the Harris-Benedict formula he would have expended 1.34 calories a minute�1.2 (activity level)�30 minutes, which is equal to 48.24 calories burned.
If the man were to run a mile for 30 minutes, with a heart rate ranging between 120 and 130 bpm, his activity level might be considered very active. His caloric expenditure would be 1.34 calories a minute�9.25 (activity level)�30 minutes, which is equal to 371.85.
Another equation is weight multiplied by time multiplied by an activity factor multiplied by 0.000119.
At block 1305, a band pass filter is implemented preferably with two sets of data from the analog-to-digital converter. At block 1305, an average of the values of data samples within each of a first set of samples is calculated by the microprocessor. For example, the values of data samples within forty-four samples are summed and then divided by forty-four to generate an average value for the first set of samples. Next, an average of the values of data samples within a second set of samples is calculated by the microprocessor. For example, the values of data samples within twenty-two samples are summed and then divided by twenty-two to generate an average value for the second set of samples. Preferably, the second set of samples is less than the first set of samples. Next, the average value of the second set of samples is subtracted from the average value for the first set of samples to generate a first filtered pulse data value.
At block 1310, the filtered pulse data value is processed using a heart rate evaluation code to generate a first heart rate value. In a preferred method, the heart rate evaluation code obtains the heart rate by calculating the distance between crossing points of the voltage through zero. Once the first heart rate value is known, then an adaptive resonant filter is utilized to generate a filtered second heart rate value by attenuating interference caused by motion artifacts. At block 1315, a sample delay is computed as the period of evaluated heart rate divided by two.
At block 1320, preferably a two cascade adaptive resonant filter generates a second filtered pulse data value which is processed at block 1310 using the heart rate evaluation code to generate a second heart rate value. Those skilled in the pertinent art will recognize that three, four, or more, cascade adaptive resonant filters may be utilized in generating the second filtered pulse data value. Essentially, the highest and lowest values are disregarded in calculating the filtered second heart rate value. Alternatively, a phase is established and any values outside of the phase are disregarded in calculating the second heart rate value. The filtering is preferably continued during the use of the monitor thereby further refining the heart rate value of the user.
As shown in
Still further, a battery source containing twin AAA batteries is built into a buckle for the straps 26 a and 26 b. The battery holder is preferably similar in appearance to a shoe buckle.
From the foregoing it is believed that those skilled in the pertinent art will recognize the meritorious advancement of this invention and will readily understand that while the present invention has been described in association with a preferred embodiment thereof, and other embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings, numerous changes modification and substitutions of equivalents may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of this invention which is intended to be unlimited by the foregoing except as may appear in the following appended claim. Therefore, the embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or privilege is claimed are defined in the following appended claims.
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Why UW-Eau Claire? What does being a Blugold mean to you? Was it your experiences in the classroom? Your participation in student government or campus organizations? The lifelong friendships you made? The outstanding faculty who took a personal interest in your success? The connection you still feel to UW-Eau Claire years after your graduation? If > Full story.
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Where in the world are you going? The UW-Eau Claire Alumni Association offers a variety of travel opportunities throughout the year. Visit the beautiful Polynesian islands, go on safari in Kenya, take a Grand Canyon train journey or see the best of Europe. Check out the list below — and start packing! Jan. 15-25, 2014 > Full story.
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Summer fun in Door County! Enjoy the fun, adventure and beauty of Door County during an event hosted by the UW-Eau Claire Alumni Association Thursday and Friday, July 25 and 26. You'll stay at Rowley's Bay Resort in Ellison Bay, where activities will include a social hour, storytelling, fish boil and prime rib dinner, and > Full story.
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The McRaith family of Rice Lake is well-represented among the ranks of UW-Eau Claire alumni. Five of the family's seven siblings graduated from UW-Eau Claire as did the spouses of two of them. Pictured clockwise from bottom left are Tim McRaith '01, who received a master's degree in English and teaches at Wisconsin Indianhead Technical > Full story.
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Between January 6th-20th 2015, ACFE UK members were able to vote for their preferred candidates in the election to the Chapter Board.
The result of the elections was the reinstatement of the seven existing members who were seeking re-election, and two new Members, Allan Maund and Michael Fitzgerald, joining the board.
ACFE UK Chapter President Jim Oakes extends his grateful and sincere thanks to all those ACFE members who took time out to cast their votes.
The UK Chapter Board consists of volunteers who make their time available to support UK members through quarterly training and networking events, including our increasingly successful annual conference held on October 1st each year.
2014 Chapter Officers
Jim Oakes CFE CFCI President/Chair
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Board Members
Simon Gunning CFE ACE AME
Steve Hyndman Director (Communications)
Martin Cartwright
David Rosen CFE
Laura Davies ACFS ACFT
Allan Maund
Michael Fitzgerald
Tim Harvey CFE ACFE Events Administrator
Enquiries about joining the ACFE or taking the CFE exam can be addressed to Tim Harvey – click here
ACFE Report to Members – Past Successes, Future Goals: 2013 Year in Review.
With the new year comes an opportunity to look back at the accomplishments of 2013. The ACFE's Report to Members: Past Successes, Future Goals reflects on a year of fighting fraud and supporting the profession around the globe. The Report includes interactive multimedia features and links for easy navigation.
The ACFE Report to Members 2013 is available by clicking here.


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Bobby asks the hard questions
Hawaii's Brent Bielmann lives his life precariously under the lip
And is SURFING's newest senior photographer
Ride shotgun with Wardo as he takes the most unlikely passage to Cabo
The latest misadventure, post "Ward Stories"
Comprised of extras from the feature film, WAY OF THE OCEAN
Asher shows you his way
Eric's back in black (and white)
How good's the frontside board varial @2:27?