text:
Cycling infrastructure
Cycling infrastructure refers to all infrastructure which may be used by cyclists. This includes the same network of roads and streets used by motorists, except those roads from which cyclists have been banned (e.g., many freeways/motorways), plus additional bikeways that are not available to motor vehicles, such as bike paths, bike lanes, cycle tracks and, where permitted, sidewalks, plus amenities like bike racks for parking and specialized traffic signs and signals.
The manner in which the public roads network is designed, built and managed can have a significant effect on the utility and safety of cycling. The cycling network may be able to provide the users with direct, convenient routes minimizing unnecessary delay and effort in reaching their destinations. Settlements with a dense roads network of interconnected streets tend to be viable utility cycling environments.
- 1 History
- 2 Bikeways
- 3 Bikeway Types
- 4 Streetscape modifications to encourage cycling
- 5 Trip-end facilities
- 6 Theft reduction measures
- 7 Bicycle lift
- 8 Integration with public transit
- 9 Bikesharing systems
- 10 Examples of cycling infrastructure
- 11 See also
- 12 References
- 13 External links
A bikeway, or segregated cycling facility, is a lane, route, way or path which in some manner is specifically designed and /or designated for bicycle travel.[1] It comes in various forms and names such as (but not limited to): bike lane, bicycle boulevard, bicycle trail, foreshoreway, greenway, cycle track, sharrow. Some bikeways are separated from motor traffic by physical constraints (e.g. barriers, parking or bollards), but others are separated only by painted markings.
The term bikeway is largely used in North America while in the UK segregated or dedicated cycling facility is preferred. Various guides exist to define the different types of bikeway infrastructure, including UK Department for Transport manual The Geometric Design of Pedestrian, Cycle and Equestrian Routes,[2] the Danish Road Authority guide Registration and classification of paths,[3] the Dutch CROW,[4] the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Guide to Bikeway Facilities, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD), and the US National Association of City Transportation Officials (NACTO) Urban Bikeway Design Guide.[5]
There has been a lot of studies on the safety of all types of bikeways. Proponents say that segregation of cyclists from fast or frequent motorized traffic is necessary to provide a safe and welcoming cycling environment. Opponents point out the increased risk from various types of infrastructure including shared use paths.
Different countries have different ways to legally define and enforce bikeways.
Bikeway controversies[edit]
Controversies have surrounded bikeways, particularly in North America and the United Kingdom. Some detractors argue that one must be careful in interpreting the operation of dedicated or segregated bikeways/cycle facilities across different designs and contexts; what works for the Netherlands won't necessarily work elsewhere. Proponents argue that dedicated bike lanes have been implemented in many cities and are both popular and safe.
Bikeway Types[edit]
Bike Lanes[edit]
Bike lanes, or cycle lanes, are on-road lanes marked with paint dedicated to cycling and typically excluding all motorized traffic.
Bike paths[edit]
Bike paths are paths with their own right of way dedicated to cycling, though in many cases shared with pedestrians and other non-motorized traffic.
Cycle tracks / separated bike lanes[edit]
A physically marked and separated lane dedicated for cycling and typically excludes all motorized traffic with some sort of barrier.
Bicycle superhighways[edit]
Denmark has pioneered the concept of "bicycle superhighways" to increase the speed, safety, and comfort of bicycle commuting. The first route, C99, opened in 2012 between the Vesterbro rail station in Copenhagen and Albertslund, a western suburb. The route cost 13.4 million DKK and is 17.5 km long, built with few stops and new paths away from traffic. "Service stations" with air pumps are located at regular intervals, and where the route must cross streets, handholds and running boards are provided so cyclists can wait without having to put their feet on the ground.[6]
Bicycle boulevards[edit]
A bicycle boulevard is a low speed street which has been optimized for bicycle traffic. Bicycle boulevards discourage cut-through motor vehicle traffic but allow local motor vehicle traffic. They are designed to give priority to cyclists as through-going traffic.
A greenway is a long, narrow piece of land, often used for recreation and pedestrian and bicycle user traffic, and sometimes for streetcar, light rail or retail uses.
A shared use path supports multiple modes, such as walking, bicycling, inline skating and people in wheelchairs.
Streetscape modifications to encourage cycling[edit]
There are various measures cities and regions often take on the roadway to make it more cycling friendly. Aspects of infrastructure may be viewed as either cyclist-hostile or as cyclist-friendly. Measures to encourage cycling include traffic calming; traffic reduction; junction treatment; traffic control systems to recognize cyclists and give them priority; exempt cyclists from banned turns and access restrictions; implement contra-flow cycle lanes on one-way streets; implement on-street parking restrictions; provide advanced stop lines/bypasses for cyclists at traffic signals; marking wide curb/kerb lanes; and marking shared bus/cycle lanes.[7]
Traffic reduction[edit]
Removing traffic can be achieved by straightforward diversion or alternatively reduction. Diversion involves routing through-traffic away from roads used by high numbers of cyclists and pedestrians. Examples of diversion include the construction of arterial bypasses and ring roads around urban centres.
Indirect methods involve reducing the infrastructural capacity dedicated to moving motorized vehicles. This can involve reducing the number of road lanes, closing bridges to certain vehicle types and creating vehicle restricted zones or environmental traffic cells. In the 1970s the Dutch city of Delft began restricting private car traffic from crossing the city centre.[8] Similarly, Groningen is divided into four zones that cannot be crossed by private motor-traffic, (private cars must use the ring road instead).[9] Cyclists and other traffic can pass between the zones and cycling accounts for 50%+ of trips in Groningen (which reputedly has the third highest proportion of cycle traffic of any city). The Swedish city of Gothenburg uses a similar system of traffic cells.[10]
Another approach is to reduce the capacity to park cars. Starting in the 1970s, the city of Copenhagen, which is now noted for high cycling levels, adopted a policy of reducing available car parking capacity by several per cent per year. The city of Amsterdam, where around 40% of all trips are by bicycle,[11] adopted similar parking reduction policies in the 80s and 90s.
Direct traffic reduction methods can involve straightforward bans or more subtle methods like road pricing schemes or road diets. The London congestion charge reportedly resulted in a significant increase in cycle use within the affected area.[12]
Two-way cycling on one-way streets[edit]
One-way street systems can be viewed as either a product of traffic management that focuses on trying to keep motorized vehicles moving regardless of the social and other impacts, such as by some cycling campaigners,[13] or seen as a useful tool for traffic calming, and for eliminating rat runs, in the view of UK traffic planners.[14]
One-way streets can disadvantage cyclists by increasing trip-length, delays and hazards associated with weaving maneuvers at junctions.[7] In northern Europe countries such as the Netherlands, however, cyclists are frequently granted exemptions from one-way street restrictions, which improves cycling traffic flow while restricting motorized vehicles.[15]
German research indicates that making one-way streets two-way for cyclists results in a reduction in the total number of collisions.[16]
There are often restrictions to what one-way streets are good candidates for allowing two-way cycling traffic. In Belgium road authorities can in principle allow any one-way streets in 50 kilometres per hour (31 mph) zones to be two-way for cyclists if the available lane is at least 3 metres (9.8 ft) wide (area free from parking) and no specific local circumstances prevent it.[17] Denmark, a country with high cycling levels, does not use one-way systems to improve traffic flow.[18] Some commentators argue that the initial goal should be to dismantle large one-way street systems as a traffic calming/traffic reduction measure, followed by the provision of two-way cyclist access on any one-way streets that remain.[19]
Junction design[edit]
In general, junction designs that favour higher-speed turning, weaving and merging movements by motorists tend to be hostile for cyclists. Free-flowing arrangements can be hazardous for cyclists and should be avoided.[7] Features such as large entry curvature, slip-roads and high flow roundabouts are associated with increased risk of car–cyclist collisions.[20][21] On large roundabouts of the design typically used in the UK and Ireland, cyclists have an injury accident rate that is 14-16 times that of motorists.[21] Research indicates that excessive sight lines at uncontrolled intersections compound these effects.[20][22] In the UK, a survey of over 8,000 highly experienced and mainly adult male Cyclists Touring Club members found that 28% avoided roundabouts on their regular journey if at all possible.[23] Cycling advocates argue for modifications and alternative junction types that resolve these issues such as reducing kerb radii on street corners, eliminating slip roads and replacing large roundabouts with signalized intersections.[19][24]
Traffic signals/Traffic control systems[edit]
How traffic signals are designed and implemented directly impacts cyclists.[25] For instance, poorly adjusted vehicle detector systems, used to trigger signal changes, may not correctly detect cyclists. This can leave cyclists in the position of having to "run" red lights if no motorized vehicle arrives to trigger a signal change.[26] Some cities use urban adaptive traffic control systems (UTCs), which use linked traffic signals to manage traffic in response to changes in demand.[25] There is an argument that using a UTC system merely to provide for increased capacity for motor traffic will simply drive growth in such traffic.[27] However, there are more direct negative impacts. For instance, where signals are arranged to provide motor traffic with so called green waves, this can create "red waves" for other road users such as cyclists and public transport services.[25] Traffic managers in Copenhagen have now turned this approach on its head and are linking cyclist-specific traffic signals on a major arterial bike lane to provide green waves for rush hour cycle-traffic.[28] However, this would still not resolve the problem of red-waves for slow (old and young) and fast (above average fitness) cyclists. Cycling-specific measures that can be applied at traffic signals include the use of advanced stop lines and/or bypasses. In some cases cyclists might be given a free-turn or a signal bypass if turning into a road on the nearside.[7]
In many places worldwide special signposts for bicycles are used to indicate directions and distances to destinations for cyclists. Apart from signposting in and between urban areas,[29] mountain pass cycling milestones have become an important service for bicycle tourists. They provide cyclists with information about their current position with regard to the summit of the mountain pass.[30][31]
Widening outside lanes[edit]
One method for reducing potential friction between cyclists and motorized vehicles is to provide "wide kerb", or "nearside", lanes (UK terminology) or "wide outside through lane" (U.S. terminology). These extra-wide lanes increase the probability that motorists pass cyclists at a safe distance without having to change lanes.[32] This is held to be particularly important on routes with a high proportion of wide vehicles such as buses or heavy goods vehicles (HGVs). They also provide more room for cyclists to filter past queues of cars in congested conditions and to safely overtake each other. Due to the tendency of all vehicle users to stay in the center of their lane, it would be necessary to sub-divide the cycle lane with a broken white line to facilitate safe overtaking. Overtaking is indispensable for cyclists, as speeds are not dependent on the legal speed limit, but on the rider's capability.
Shared space schemes extend this principle further by removing the reliance on lane markings altogether, and also removing road signs and signals, allowing all road users to use any part of the road, and giving all road users equal priority and equal responsibility for each other's safety. Experiences where these schemes are in use show that road users, particularly motorists, undirected by signs, kerbs, or road markings, reduce their speed and establish eye contact with other users. Results from the thousands of such implementations worldwide all show casualty reductions and most also show reduced journey times.[33] After the partial conversion of London's Kensington High Street to shared space, accidents decreased by 44% (the London average was 17%).[33]
CFI argues for a marked lane width of 4.25 metres (13.9 ft).[7] On undivided roads, width provides cyclists with adequate clearance from passing HGVs while being narrow enough to deter drivers from "doubling up" to form two lanes. This "doubling up" effect may be related to junctions. At non-junction locations, greater width might be preferable if this effect can be avoided. The European Commission specifically endorses wide lanes in its policy document on cycling promotion, Cycling: the way ahead for towns and cities.[34]
Shared bus and cycle lanes are also a widely endorsed method for providing for cyclists. Research carried out by the Transport Research Laboratory (TRL) describes shared bus cycle lanes as "generally very popular" with cyclists.[35] Guidance produced for Cycling England endorses bus lanes because they provide cyclists with a "direct and barrier-free route into town centres" while avoiding complications related to shared-use footways.[36] A French survey found that 42% of cyclists were "enthusiasts" for shared bus-bike lanes, versus 33% who had mixed opinions, and 27% who opposed them.[37] Many cycling activists view these as being more attractive than cycle paths, while others object to being close to bus exhausts,[37] a problem easily avoided through replacing exhaust buses with electric ones.
As of 2003, mixed bus-cycle lanes accounted for 118 kilometres (73 mi) of the 260 kilometres (160 mi) of cycling facilities in Paris.[38] The city of Bordeaux, France, has 40 kilometres (25 mi) of shared bus-bike lanes.[39] The UK city of Bristol, a showcase bus priority corridor, re-allocated 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) of road space, which resulted in more space for cyclists and increased cycling.[40] The opposite happened in London following the removal of a bus lane on the Kew Bridge, despite an overall increase in cycling throughout the city.[41]
In addition, it is arguably easier, politically speaking, to argue for funding of joint facilities rather than separately asking for cycling facilities and bus-only lanes.[42][43] Bus lane proposals often run into opposition from cyclists because creating space for bus lanes generally results in narrowing the other lanes shared by cars and cyclists.[44] Incidentally, the TRL reports that cyclists and bus drivers tend to have low opinions of one another.[35] In some cities, arrangements work successfully with bus companies and cyclists' groups ensure communication and understanding between the two groups of road users.[43][45][46]
Trip-end facilities[edit]
Bicycle parking/storage arrangements[edit]
As secure and convenient bicycle parking is a key factor in influencing a person's decision to cycle, decent parking infrastructure must be provided to encourage the uptake of cycling.[47] Decent bicycle parking involves weather-proof infrastructure such as lockers, stands, manned or unmanned bicycle parks,[48] as well as bike parking facilities within workplaces to facilitate bicycle commuting. It also will help if certain legal arrangements are put into place to enable legitimate ad hoc parking, for example to allow people to lock their bicycles to railings, signs and other street furniture when individual proper bike stands are unavailable.[49]
Other trip end facilities[edit]
Some people need to wear special clothes such as business suits or uniforms in their daily work. In some cases the nature of the cycling infrastructure and the prevailing weather conditions may make it very hard to both cycle and maintain the work clothes in a presentable condition. It is argued that such workers can be encouraged to cycle by providing lockers, changing rooms and shower facilities where they can change before starting work.[50]
Theft reduction measures[edit]
The theft of bicycles is one of the major problems that slow the development of urban cycling. Bicycle theft discourages regular cyclists from buying new bicycles, as well as putting off people who might want to invest in a bicycle.
Several measures can help reduce bicycle theft:
- Bicycle registration to enable recovery if stolen
- Making cyclists aware of antitheft devices and their effective use
- Mounting sting operations to catch thieves
- Offering safe bicycle parking facilities such as guarded bicycle parking (manned or with camera surveillance) or bicycle lockers
- Promoting devices to enable remote tracking of a bicycle's location
- Targeting cycle thieves
- Using Folding bicycles which can be safely stored (for example) in cloakrooms or under desks.
Certain European countries apply such measures with success, such as the Netherlands or certain German cities using registration and recovery. Since mid-2004, France has instituted a system of registration, in some places allowing stolen bicycles to be put on file in partnership with the urban cyclists' associations. This approach has reputedly increased the stolen bicycle recovery rate to more than 40%. By comparison, before the commencement of registration, the recovery rate in France was about 2%.
In some areas of the United Kingdom, bicycles fitted with location tracking devices are left poorly secured in theft hot-spots. When the bike is stolen, the police can locate it and arrest the thieves. This sometimes leads to the dismantling of organized bicycle theft rings, as bike theft generally enjoys a very low priority with the police.
Bicycle lift[edit]
Some cyclists have difficulty climbing steep hills, and devices such as the Trampe bicycle lift, in Trondheim, have been developed to help alleviate this problem.
Integration with public transit[edit]
Cycling can often be integrated successfully with other transport modes. For example, in the Netherlands and Denmark a large number of train journeys may start by bicycle. In 1991, 44% of Dutch train travelers went to their local station by bicycle and 14% used a bicycle at their destinations.[51] The key ingredients for this are claimed to be:
- an efficient, attractive and affordable train service
- secure bike parking at train stations
- a quick and easy bicycle rental system for commuters, the OV-bicycle scheme, at train stations
- a town planning policy that results in a sufficient proportion of the potential commuter population (e.g. 44%) living/working within a reasonable cycling distance of the train stations.
It has been argued in relation to this aspect of Dutch or Danish policy that ongoing investment in rail services is vital to maintaining their levels of cycle use.
An often forgotten major success story is the integration of cycling and public transport is Japan.[52] Starting in 1978, Japan expanded bicycle parking supply at railway stations from 598,000 spaces in 1977 to 2,382,000 spaces in 1987. As of 1987, Japanese provisions included 516 multi-story garages for bicycle parking.[53]
In January 2007, the European parliament adopted a motion decreeing that all international trains must carry bicycles.[54] In some cities, bicycles may also be carried on local trains, trams and buses so that they may be used at either end of the trip. The Rheinbahn transit company in Düsseldorf permits bicycle carriage on all its bus, tram and train services at any time of the day,[55] while in Munich it is strictly forbidden, under threat of calling the police. In France, the prestigious TGV high-speed trains are even having some of their first class capacity converted to store bicycles.[56] There have also been schemes, such as in Victoria, British Columbia, Acadia, and Canberra, Australia to provide bicycle carriage on buses using externally mounted bike carriers.[57][58][59]
In Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, all bus routes have externally mounted carriers for bicycles. All public transit buses in Chicago and suburbs allow up to two bikes at all times.[60][61][62] The same is true of Grand River Transit buses in the Region of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.[63] Trains allow bikes with some restrictions.[61][64] Where such services are not available, some cyclists get around this restriction by removing their pedals and loosening their handlebars as to fit into a box or by using folding bikes that can be brought onto the train or bus like a piece of luggage. The article on buses in Christchurch, New Zealand lists 27 routes with bike racks.
However, there are strong cultural variations in how cycling is treated in such situations. For instance in the Irish university city of Galway, the same town that suggested cyclists dismount and walk across each intersection, the secure parking of bikes is forbidden within the grounds of the central train station. However, cut-price car parking is available for motorists holding a valid train ticket.
Bikesharing systems[edit]
A bicycle sharing system, public bicycle system, or bike share scheme, is a service in which bicycles are made available for shared use to individuals on a very short term basis. Bike share schemes allow people to borrow a bike from point "A" and return it at point "B". Many of the bicycle sharing systems are on a subscription basis.
Examples of cycling infrastructure[edit]
Trans Canada Trail along Coal Harbour in downtown Vancouver, British Columbia
Cycling in Los Angeles, California Cycleway in 1900
See also[edit]
- ^ "Urban Bikeway Design Guide". National Association of City Transportation Officials. Retrieved 30 June 2015.
- ^ Department for Transport: The Geometric Design of Pedestrian, Cycle and Equestrian Routes
- ^ Stiklassificering
- ^ NACTO: Urban Design Guide
- ^ http://www.cykelsuperstier.dk/project
- ^ a b c d e Cycle-Friendly Infrastructure: Guidelines for Planning and Design, Institution of Highways and Transportation, Cyclists Touring Club, 1996.
- ^ Woonerf revisited Delft as an example, Steven Schepel, Childstreet2005 conference, Delft 2005 (Accessed 2007-02-21
- ^ Transport Planning in Groningen, Holland Bicycle Fixation (Accessed 2007-01-27)
- ^ The Impacts of Reallocating Roadspace on Accident Rates: Some Initial Evidence Sally Cairns Note from Road Danger Reduction Forum conference, Leicester, 16 February 1999. (Accessed 2014-03-07)
- ^ DIVV Amsterdam
- ^ Cycling in London Report, May 2008 section 4.6
- ^ Hanka, Matt; Gilderbloom, John (31 January 2008). "Oped: Time to end one-way thinking". The Courier-Journal. Retrieved 2015-01-31.(subscription required)
- ^ way streets "Traffic calming schemes: One way streets, banned turning movements and no entry restrictions". Bury Metropolitan Borough Council. Retrieved 2008-03-26.
- ^ "Ministerieel rondschrijven betreffende de toepassing van het beperkt éénrichtingsverkeer". Belgisch Staatsblad. 1998-11-13., "Circulaire ministérielle relative à l'application du sens unique limité". Moniteur Belge. 13 November 1998.
- ^ Verkehrssicherheit in Einbahnstraßen mit gegengerichtetem Radverkehr, Alrutz, D., Angenendt, W., Draeger, W., Gündel, D., Straßenverkehrstechnik, 6/2002
- ^ Le SUL Cyclistes a contresens dans les sens uniques Groupe de Recherche et d'Action des Cyclistes Quotidiens, Brussels 2006, (Accessed 2007-01-27)
- ^ Collection of Cycle Concepts, Danish Roads Directorate, Copenhagen, 2000
- ^ a b Infrastructure position document, Dublin Cycling Campaign (Accessed 2007-01-27)
- ^ a b Layout and Design Factors Affecting Cycle Safety at T-Junctions, Henson R. and Whelan N., Traffic Engineering and Control, October 1992
- ^ a b Pedal cyclists at dual carriage-way slip roads, M.C. Williams and R.E. Layfield, Traffic Engineering and Control, pp. 597-600, November, 1987
- ^ Accidents at Three Arm Priority Junctions on Urban Single Carriageway Roads Summersgill I., Kennedy J.V. and Baynes D. TRL Report 184, Transport Research Laboratory, 1996.
- ^ Cyclists and Roundabouts-A review of literature, Allot and Lomax, 1991
- ^ Multilane Roundabouts, An Information Sheet, Galway Cycling Campaign, February 2001
- ^ a b c Priority for cycling in an urban traffic control system, Stephen D. Clark, Matthew W. Page, Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds, Velomondial Conference Proceedings, Amsterdam 2000
- ^ Traffic Signal Actuators: Am I Paranoid? John S. Allen, 2003 (Accessed 25 March 2008)
- ^ Assessing the Impact of Local Transport Policy Instruments Susan Grant-Muller (Editor), ITS Working Paper 549, Institute of Transport Studies, Leeds University, April 2000
- ^ Green wave for cycles, Cycle Campaign Network News, No 85, November 2006
- ^ "Holland-Cycling.com - Signposting". Holland-cycling. Retrieved 28 August 2014.
- ^ "Cycling - Pra Loup". Valée Ubaye. Retrieved 25 August 2014.
- ^ "Peak Retreats Alpine activities. From road cycling in a variety of resorts such as Samoens, Les Gets, Vaujany, St Sorlin". Peak Retreats. Retrieved 25 August 2014.
- ^ Legally Speaking - with Bob Mionske: Law of the land
- ^ a b Simon Jenkins (29 February 2008). "Rip out the traffic lights and railings. Our streets are better without them". The Guardian (Guardian News and Media). Retrieved 2008-03-18.
- ^ Cycling: the way ahead for towns and cities, European Commission, 1999
- ^ a b Cycling in bus lanes, Reid S and Guthrie N TRL Report 610, Transport Research Laboratory 2004
- ^ A.10 Bus Lanes and Bus Stops Cycling England design guidelines 2007
- ^ a b La complémentarité entre vélo et transport public Vélocité - la revue du cycliste urbain N° 79, janv. / fév. 2005
- ^ The bicycle's place in town Seminar organised by the Mayor's Office of the 18th District, Paris, September 2004
- ^ A vélo, Mairie de Bordeaux (Accessed 28 October 2007)
- ^ Delivery of the National Cycling Strategy: A review UK Department for Transport March 2005
- ^ Review of procedures associated with the development and delivery of measures designed to improve safety and convenience for cyclists Transport for London, January 2005
- ^ Cycle Network and Route Planning Guide, Land Transport Safety Authority, New Zealand
- ^ a b Mitbenutzung von Busspuren durch Radfahrer, Allgemeiner Deutscher Fahrrad-Club e.V./Bundesministeriums für Verkehr, January 2005. Translated here [1]
- ^ Letter of Objection to Bus lanes on Wilton Road Cambridge Cycle Campaign, September 2003
- ^ Bus Drivers and Cyclists in Harmony, Warrington Cycle Campaign Leaflet, 2006
- ^ Les couloirs bus + vélos VeloBuc (Accessed 22 October 2007)
- ^ Lesson 17: Bicycle Parking and Storage
- ^ Michael Baltes (2005), Integration of bicycles and transit, National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board, p. 39,
The first staffed bicycle parking facility in the United States was opened in Long Beach, California.
- ^ Success is on the cards, London Cyclist, June–July 2009, p. 6
- ^ Guide for Employers: Showers, lockers and drying room, London Cycling Campaign, 13 September 2006 (Accessed 16 August 2007)
- ^ Ton Welleman: The autumn of the Bicycle Master Plan: after the plans, the products in: Proceedings of the 8th VELO-CITY Conference, Basel, 26–30 September 1995
- ^ Cycling for Transportation: The Japanese Example By Paul Dorn (Accessed 2007-01-27)
- ^ Bicycle Access to Public Transportation: Learning from Abroad by Michael Replogle, Journal of the Institute for Transportation Engineers, December 1992
- ^ Article 4a European Parliament legislative resolution on the Council common position on international rail passengers' rights and obligations (5892/1/2006 – C6-0311/2006–2004/0049(COD)) January 2007
- ^ Taking bicycles on the VRR Rheinische Bahngesellschaft AG (Accessed 2007-02-23)
- ^ First class to bike class Cycle Campaign Network News Archive 2006 (Accessed 2007-02-23)
- ^ Bike and Ride
- ^ New Ways to Explore Acadia
- ^ ACTION Buses: Bike and Ride
- ^ http://www.edmonton.ca/transportation/ets/riding_ets/bikes-on-ets-buses.aspx
- ^ a b http://www.yourcta.com/downloads/brochures/biketran.pdf
- ^ Pace Bus - Bicycle Racks
- ^ Bus 'n' Bike
- ^ http://metrarail.com/Special_Promotions/bikes_on_trains.html
External links[edit]
- Media related to Cycling infrastructure at Wikimedia Commons


text:
Mets Try to Find Their Way Without Jose
The expectations for the Mets were set the night of Dec. 4. That's when they found out they were losing shortstop Jose Reyes, who signed with the Miami Marlins for $106 million. Nothing else they did over the winter could change the perception that 2012 is going to be an unsightly debacle.
The reality is this: The Mets, while not likely to contend for much this summer, are not a team devoid of talent. Johan Santana is healthy (they think), David Wright should benefit from Citi Field's reduced dimensions (they hope) and Jason Bay can only get better (they pray).
Lucas Duda, Ike Davis and Jon Niese are among a handful of young players who have shown enough potential for the Mets to believe they are capable of having breakout years. And their bullpen, which was their biggest liability in 2011, is improved.
Frank Francisco is the new closer, while Jon Rauch and Ramon Ramirez give the pen some much-needed depth. Andres Torres, acquired with Ramirez from San Francisco, is a defensive upgrade in center field, though his viability as a leadoff hitter is questionable.
So why the pessimism? On paper, the Mets have the least talented team in what looks to be a tough National League East. And their overall depth is strikingly thin—unless they go from injury-prone to injury-immune, that's a problem.
A reasonable goal, then, is simply to be relevant, to be interesting, to make this season something more than an abject stinker. Here's a look at their projected roster.
Ike Davis, 1B
Useful Information: Davis was on his way to a terrific sophomore season in 2011—he was batting .302 with seven home runs through 36 games—when what seemed a minor ankle injury developed into a soap opera. The injury worsened, his status became a daily source of questions without answers, and he never returned to the lineup. After a bout of valley fever this spring (Valley fever? Yes, valley fever. These are the Mets we're talking about here), Davis appears back to full strength. He's already one of the better defensive first basemen in the NL, and he has a chance to supplant Wright as the face of the franchise.
Useless Information: His father, Ron, a former major-league pitcher, joins him on several road trips every year and cooks for him in a rented condo.
Daniel Murphy, 2B
Useful Information: There are only two things preventing Murphy from emerging as the most consistent hitter in the Mets' lineup: One, his defensive skills are so poor that it's difficult for manager Terry Collins to find a regular spot for him, and two, he keeps getting injured, sometimes because of his poor defensive skills. His .320 batting average last season would have been the fourth-highest in the NL had he made enough plate appearances to qualify, but in early August he injured his knee when he exposed it to an oncoming baserunner while trying to turn a double play. He didn't play thereafter. The Mets need him to stay healthy and provide pop at the top of the order.
Useless Information: Played the role of Santa Claus at the Mets' holiday party.
David Wright, 3B
Useful Information: Once on track to become perhaps the franchise's greatest position player, Wright has seen both his production and the perception of his importance to the Mets decline over the last three seasons. He played in just 102 games last season because of a stress fracture in his back, and his .771 on-base plus slugging percentage was the lowest of his career. At 29 and with a $16 million club option for 2013 still remaining on his contract, Wright is facing the most critical season of his career. If the Mets fall out of contention early, they could elect to trade him before September.
Useless Information: Is trying to sell his Flatiron District bachelor pad for $6.25 million after relocating to the Upper East Side last year.
Ruben Tejada, SS
Useful Information: No Met has bigger shoes to fill in 2012 than Tejada. He won't be the same offensive dynamo that Jose Reyes was, but if he can play above-average defense and continue developing as a hitter, the Mets will feel at least a little better about letting Reyes sign with the Miami Marlins. Still just 22, Tejada hit .284 in 96 games last season, a figure that could improve as he gets older and stronger and settles in as the team's everyday shortstop. Tejada already incurred Terry Collins's wrath for not arriving early for spring training, so it would behoove him to get off to a good start this season.
Useless Information: Nicknamed "El Nino" for his boyish face, Tejada played for his native Panama during the 2009 World Baseball Classic.
Josh Thole, C
Useful Information: In his first full season as the Mets' starting catcher, Thole struggled both to manage the team's pitching staff and to keep those growing pains from affecting him in the batter's box. He became more assertive in his pitch-calling as the season progressed, and he lifted his batting average to .268. He needs to take another step forward in 2012, or he'll cede playing time to backup Mike Nickeas, who is a better defensive catcher than Thole. One area the 25-year-old Thole could improve: his ability to drive the ball. Of his 91 hits last season, just 20 (17 doubles, three home runs) went for extra bases.
Useless Information: Thole learned how to hit inside a barn near his home in rural Breese, Ill.
Lucas Duda, RF
Useful Information: There's no more intriguing player in the Mets' prospective starting lineup than Duda, who has recovered from an infamous 1-for-33 hitting slump to start his career in 2010 to emerge as a possible fixture in the middle of the lineup. He was second on the team last season in on-base percentage (.370) and slugging percentage (.482), and he drove in 50 runs in 301 at-bats. The Mets' decision to move in the fences could benefit Duda and his powerful left-handed stroke.
Useless Information: Notoriously shy and quiet slugger goes largely unnoticed in the clubhouse, despite his lumbering frame.
Andres Torres, CF
Useful Information: Acquired in an offseason trade with the San Francisco Giants, Torres has spent parts of seven seasons in the majors. He's penciled in as the Mets' new leadoff hitter, replacing Reyes there, but when it comes to offense, Torres is likely to be a poor substitute for Angel Pagan, the player for whom he was traded. After a season and a half as a serviceable hitter for the Giants, he batted .221 over 348 at-bats last year.
Useless Information: Will star in an upcoming documentary about his battle with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Jason Bay, LF
Useful Information: Bay has delivered 18 home runs and 104 RBIs since joining the Mets, and if those totals had come during a single season, few would be complaining. But he's about to begin the third season of a four-year, $66 million free-agent deal—one that may go down as one of the franchise's worst. Bay is smart, cordial with the media and well-liked by his teammates. He's a solid defensive left fielder. Those qualities are fairly irrelevant, though, as long as he continues to look so lost at the plate.
Useless Information: Grew up a huge Pearl Jam fan; now exchanges text messages with lead singer Eddie Vedder.
Johan Santana, SP
Useful Information: It's not an exaggeration to say that most of the hopes and fears of the Mets' season rest on Santana's left shoulder. He missed all of 2011 while recovering from a torn anterior capsule, and he's now 33 years old. The Mets insist they will be cautious as he continues to build arm strength, and he's experienced no setbacks during spring training. Even his legendary changeup seems back to form. The Mets have to hope it is: They still owe him $49.5 million over the next two seasons and hold a $25 million club option on him for 2014.
Useless Information: Comes up with a different kind of handshake for each player on the team as he greets them in the dugout before his starts.
R.A. Dickey, SP
Useful Information: The erudite knuckleballer pitched better last year than his 8-13 record would indicate, leading the club in earned-run average (3.28), innings pitched (208 2/3) and walks-and-hits-to-innings-pitched ratio (1.227). In fact, while throwing the most unpredictable pitch in baseball, Dickey has been the Mets' most reliable starter since joining the rotation in May 2010, and because he throws a knuckler, it's possible, even at 36, that he'll pitch another seven years or so. Oh, he also recently climbed Mount Kilimanjaro and is better-read than some literature professors.
Useless Information: Gave England's Prince Harry a tutorial before he threw out the ceremonial first pitch at Citi Field before a game in 2010.
Jon Niese, SP
Useful Information: Niese, 25, has three top-of-the-line pitches: a fastball, a cutter and a looping curveball. Yet he hasn't figured out how to harness them over a full season. He lost his final three starts in 2011—evidence that he tired down the stretch, as he did in 2010—to finish 11-11 with a 4.40 ERA. He's young enough to remain in the Mets' rotation over the next decade, joining highly regarded prospects Matt Harvey and Zack Wheeler, but he first has to show he's learned how to pitch.
Useless Information: Got a nose job during the offseason at the suggestion of former Met Carlos Beltran, who offered to pay for it. Beltran reimbursed Niese for the $10,000 procedure earlier this month.
Dillon Gee, SP
Useful Information: For a while, Gee was the most pleasant surprise of 2011 for the Mets. Without overpowering stuff, he won eight of his first 12 starts and established himself as a viable candidate for the National League Rookie of the Year Award. His success didn't last, though; he finished 13-6 with a 4.43 ERA as opposing hitters figured out his tendencies and his location grew less precise. In particular, Gee has to regain his confidence in his breaking pitches; he eschewed them too often late last season.
Useless Information: Took offseason Pilates classes near his home in Fort Worth, Texas, to improve his strength and conditioning.
Mike Pelfrey, SP
Useful Information: Talk about a fast fall. Santana's absence last year thrust Pelfrey into the role of No. 1 starter for the Mets, and after a fine 2010 season (15-9, 3.66 ERA), it was reasonable to think Pelfrey was ready to accept that challenge. He wasn't. He tumbled to a 7-13 record and a 4.74 ERA, and he spent much of spring training trying to regain the sink on his signature pitch: his…um…sinker. Say this for Pelfrey: He takes the ball every fifth day and is durable, but no one—not even the Mets—should expect more out of him than that.
Useless Information: Pelfrey licks his hand incessantly when he pitches; we counted 89 licks during one game last August.
Useful Information: The Mets made a focused effort to improve the club's corps of relievers during the offseason, adding Francisco to be the new closer and 6-foot-11 right-hander Jon Rauch to compete for the team's setup role. Tim Byrdak, who'll begin the season on the disabled list, is a solid situational lefty, and flame thrower Bobby Parnell, who failed to win the closer job last year, remains the bullpen's biggest enigma.
Useless Information: Right-handed reliever Miguel Batista, 41, is the author of two books: a poetry compilation and a novel about a serial killer.
Useful Information: Justin Turner is the Mets' most valuable and versatile non-starter. He can play second, third and shortstop, and batted .260 last season. Scott Hairston can play first base and fill in at any of the three outfield spots, but his primary job is to provide right-handed power as a pinch-hitter. Nickeas earned his roster spot through excellent catching skills, but his weak hitting (.189 average in 2011) keeps Collins from using him frequently.
Useless Information: Turner is the Mets' most prolific Twitter user (@redturn2), with more than 2,600 tweets and counting.
Write to Mike Sielski at email@example.com and Brian Costa at email@example.com

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Article ID: 188838 - View products that this article applies to.
This article was previously published under Q188838
This article has been archived. It is offered "as is" and will no longer be updated.
The CPU Usage History section on the Performance tab in Task Manager normally displays a frame for each processor. If your computer has more than eight processors, the CPU Usage History shows only eight CPUs and leaves a blank gray space where the other CPU frames should be. It also repaints the screen continuously and the screen becomes unreadable after a period of time.
To resolve this problem, obtain the latest service pack for Windows NT 4.0 or Windows NT Server 4.0, Terminal Server Edition. For additional information, click the following article number to view the article in the Microsoft Knowledge Base:
(https://support.microsoft.com/kb/152734/EN-US/ )How to Obtain the Latest Windows NT 4.0 Service Pack
Microsoft has confirmed that this is a problem in Windows NT 4.0 and Windows NT Server 4.0, Terminal Server Edition. This problem was first corrected in Windows NT 4.0 Service Pack 4.0 and Windows NT Server 4.0, Terminal Server Edition Service Pack 4.
Article ID: 188838 - Last Review: January 11, 2015 - Revision: 4.2


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The Message audio Bible is now available on Bible Gateway! Click to learn more.
3:17 the example. Paul's example is the opposite of what follows in vv. 18, 19. Paul is faithful to the Cross (Gal. 6:14), Christ is his glory (v. 21; cf. v. 3), and his mind is set on heavenly things (vv. 20, 21).


text:
Just Me Paris Hilton by Paris Hilton for Men
designer's notes
Launched by the design house of Paris Hilton in 2006, Just Me Paris Hilton for Men is recommended for casual use.
color: N/A Product Category: Fragrance Design House: Paris Hilton Introduced In: 2006 Recommended Use: casual Fragrance Notes: Amber,Lime, Tangerine, Grass, Clary Sage, Black Currant, Musk, Incense, Lotus, Woods, Moss, Patchouli, Sea Breeze, Clove Allow 1-2 additional shipping days for beauty and fragrance items. This item cannot be shipped outside of the United States. quality material; U.S.A; style# 321952201


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Armed Forces Day & Streets of Mourning
Date: 28 June 2014 Time: 10am - 4pm
Venue: Lancaster Castle
The Lancaster Military Heritage Group have organised a day of events for the whole family on Armed Forces Day, including historic vehicles, jazz bands, wargaming, cadet displays and more. Lancaster University's History Department will be showing the Streets of Mourning Project, where members of the public have the opportunity to look up the names of individuals, street or school to understand the impact of the First World War in the area.
Fee to enter the Castle £2.
Event website: http://www.lmhg.org/#!events/c786
Who can attend: Anyone
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The RL200-AI-50 is a 50 – 120 degree white light RAYLUX illuminator from Raytec which has been designed to be used for color day/night dome cameras to improve the quality of the images. The RL200-AI-50 features platinum technology, Adaptive Illumination™ 10 to 180 degree viewing angles, as well as a fully controllable power supply. The RL200-AI-50 also comes with a 10 year life expectancy rate for long term use, it also features excellent color rendition, LED active life control, even output illumination, plus vandal resistant properties. The RL200-AI-50 is ideal for most applications for saving time and money for the user with high power at a low running cost.
- Distances up to 200m (656ft)
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007 Legends
- Xbox 360
It's been 50 years since James Bond had become the astrological phenomenon he is today, with fourteen official novels, twenty-three films, and twenty-three video games. With that being said, there is so much material to work with, so much influence to be had, and so much brilliance to build upon...and yet, 007 Legends falls flat on its theoretical arse. As Tristan Ogilvie over at IGN worded so...
Read review | Comments(5) | 994d ago
007 Legends
- Xbox 360
When I first caught wind of the rumours circulating Activision's new James Bond title, I must admit that I was completely sceptical. Given their previous failures to produce a decent Bond game, I had no context for being excited or even hopeful that this instalment to the franchise would turn out good. As it pains me to say, I was right. 007 Legends is, at best, an espionage themed Call of Duty...
Read review | Comments(5) | 968d ago
007 Legends
|PC Release Dates
|PS3 Release Dates
|Wii U Release Dates
|Xbox 360 Release Dates
|16 October 2012
|16 October 2012


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Kendra Wilkinson Drops Down to a Size Zero
The former Playboy Playmate posed in bikini during her photo shoot with Life & Style, showing off her newly tiny body. She revealed, "I was a size 2 or 4 before 'Dancing With the Stars' and now I'm a size 0. My waist is still shrinking! When you work out, you produce so much lactic acid, so my body always looks thicker and more muscular. Now that I've had a couple of weeks off, my body is fuller and looks better. I hope I'll look like this forever. But to be honest, I will never be satisfied!"
Wilkinson was very open about her struggle to lose the 60 lbs she gained while pregnant with son Hank and her stint on 'Dancing With the Stars' gave her that final boost to drop the excess weight. Returning to her former size isn't going to stop her from trying for baby number 2 with hubby Hank Baskett.
"Hank loves my new body," Kendra dishes. "He's ready [for another baby], but we're just having fun being young parents to Hank for now," she adds. "But we are having great sex! We're in the crazy-sex stage. Since 'Dancing With the Stars,' I want to get into all the skimpy lingerie!"
"I feel like I look so much better than I used to," she says, "I'm worried about gaining the weight back, but motherhood is worth it." If she does get pregnant, she says she will be more prepared this time. "I'm determined to be healthier and treat my body better."
For more on Kendra's weight loss and baby plans, pick up the latest issue of Life & Style, on newsstands now.
- Filed under:
- Celebrity Weight -
- Photos -
- TV News -
- Kendra Wilkinson
- Friday 27 MayBy Sendai
I'm supposed to be jelous of her? After I stop laughing I'll do my best to be. Nope. Still can't stop laughing. Nope. Not jelous yet. I'll keep trying though.
- Tuesday 31 MayBy mom
Of course they are fake. Porn stars need those and she sure didn't breast feed her baby with all of that silicone.
- Friday 03 JuneBy jen
Who cares?!
Go have another baby Kendra and just go away.
- Friday 10 JuneBy fresheid
This article neglected to mention that her talent level has always been a Zero. WHO CARES!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
- Thursday 16 June
You can put lipstick on a pig, but it's still a pig.
- Friday 17 JuneBy Minx
Who cares about fat women (or men)? The obsession with pregnancy needs to stop. I am sick to death of this baby boom. The world is too overpopulated. Too many consumers. Hollywood needs to stop glorifying pregnancy. They're only doing this so people will have more babies, so they can make dead soldiers out of them.
- Monday 20 JuneBy Debbie
You have to remember that when Kirstie was Kendra`s age, well in her hayday, in the 80`s, she was a babe. Now she`s 60. When you hit your 30`s your body changes. Granted everyone is different, but its true that your metabolism slows, and your weight starts getting around the waist. I used to be skinny, now that I`m almost 50, the weight is hanging on. Kendra, enjoy your body because its only a matter of time!
MORE ABOUT Kendra Wilkinson
Find the latest stories, biography, photos, videos, and more.Read more about Kendra Wilkinson Li
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Is it Brad(ley) and Jen take 2? Jen was spotted out on the town with dreamboat ...
Paris Hilton
After Fairly Legal actress, Sarah Shahi, laid into Paris via Twitter for almost...
Kate Middleton
Kate Middleton is officially a princess. She walked the aisle in an Alexander...
Denise Richards
According to Denise, she's not sure that her estranged ex is completely sober....
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Product Information
Holy Is the Lord by Chris Tomlin - Digital Bass Tab
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Holy Is the Lord digital sheet music. Contains printable sheet music plus an interactive, downloadable digital sheet music file.
* This arrangement contains complete lyrics
* This product is available worldwide
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Hi Lindsay, can you remember which plants you bought for your micro pond? I only ask as my local pond people are in a multi chain thingy and the assistants a bit fey when asked a question! so I shall probably have to buy from the internet. I am assuming they were a dwarf variety of something a bit like a rock garden on land? You must be delighted at how your wonderful project has spurred so many people on to have a go
This is all so inspiring and of course as with Hester's cautionary tale above reminds us of how greatly we can affect natural processes. I have a s I said before newts well (newtlets) really and I have read that they move away from the pond once adult for up to three years and live on land. I wonder if they pop back now and them into the water? does anyone our there know if frogs toads and newts use the pond all year round or like the newts do frogs and toads live on land for much of the time?
Hi Forester2,
interesting about the male frogs wintering at the bottom of your pond. I didn't know that they did that. Do they come out and about at all? I expect that is a silly question but wondered how I would know if I had some at the bottom of my pond. Whenever I clear out the weed with my net I have to rescue and return tiny newts which I am supposing are baby ones but have never found a frog although my husband sees the odd one when he is watering in the area.
Hi Lindsay4,
thanks for that summary of the process as that was going to be my next question. You can see from other responses that we all think your idea and result was/is great. Hopefully you will be enjoying it for many more years to come. I have left some piles of twigs covered in bits of soil and grass near my bigger pond with old roofing tiles and bits and bobs stacked haphazardly in the hope it will provide some winter shelter.
Hi Buddyboy,
thankyou for that I have made a note and will get some of the above so that I can treat my trees in the spring. I will have a good clear up now as you suggest. You have been a great help. thankyou
HI Lindsay4,
I love this and although we have built a much bigger pond in the part of our garden (well almost a sixth really) that is a pond ever time it rains! I am really enthused by your idea. I am wondering if I can create something similar in a part of the garden near my raised vegetable beds; or really anywhere as I so like the idea. I will be pondering on this for a while. I love frogs newts and toads.
HI Buddyboy,
no nothing like that only the spots and with really bad ones the leaf is almost black all over.
I will see if my other half can take a photo of the leaf I have by me here. I have MS so can't hold the camera still enough to get a clear picture but in case I can't get one on the system for you to have a look at thank you very much for your help and I will certainly follow your advice.
Hi Buddyboy, yes more like the bottom one;( that is on the one with leaves left). I have just nipped out to have a look again at the badly affected one and that has leaves like the top and bottom. As far as I can see non of the blistering like the middle photo though? The trees have only been in for 1 and 3 years so am a little worried as I was hoping that they could be treated and recover?They still seem to be putting on growth and wonder if I introduced the problem by pruning the badly affected one at the beginning of last year. It seems to come into leaf fine to start with and the one I put in last year has just started to show a couple of affected leaves this week. Obviously I will clear away; the ground under the trees. Do you know if there is anything I can do now to reduce the damage? Also if you agree with me that it is probably scab I will look up annual treatment to try to eradicate it.
Well I have had a good look at the tree and can find no black markings or mould on the trunk or branches only a few discoloured leaves. There is no evidence of any aphid activity and no stickiness on any of the leaves.
I have noticed a couple of discoloured leaves on my other crab apple , black circles meeting up but no difference in leaf texture. The only thing I saw was one tiny scurrying browny orange insect. I am wondering if it is actually scab?
Is there any benefit in my getting something to spray them with now as the second crab apple produced a great unblemished crop this year and still has all its leaves?
having trouble getting onto the RHS s ite at the moment but thanks for the link Buddyboy.


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YIELD: Makes about 3 cups
In large bowl, combine tomatoes, bread, chocolate, sesame seeds, cinnamon, coriander seeds, black pepper, and cloves. Set aside.
In large, heavy skillet over moderately high heat, heat 2 tablespoons oil until hot but not smoking. Working in about 5 batches and adding 1 tablespoon oil between each batch, fry mulato, pasilla, and ancho chiles until beginning to blister and change color, about 15 seconds per side (do not burn). Using tongs and shaking off excess oil, transfer chiles to large bowl. Add boiling water to cover and let soak until softened, about 45 minutes.
Meanwhile, in same skillet over moderately high heat, heat remaining 2 tablespoons oil until hot but not smoking. Add almonds and sauté until golden, about 4 minutes. Using slotted spoon, transfer to paper towellined plate, reserving oil. Add raisins to oil in skillet and sauté until plump, about 2 minutes. Transfer to paper towellined plate, again reserving oil. Add onion and garlic to skillet and sauté until softened, about 5 minutes. Remove skillet from heat.
Transfer onion, garlic, almonds, and raisins to bowl with tomato mixture. Add 1/2 cup stock. Transfer mixture to food processor and purée until smooth. Return to skillet and set aside.
When chiles have softened, drain, pat dry, and transfer to food processor. Add chipotle and 1/2 cup stock and purée until smooth.
Transfer chile mixture to skillet with tomato mixture. Stir in remaining 1 cup stock, brown sugar, and salt. Set over moderately high heat and bring to simmer, then reduce heat to moderately low and simmer, uncovered, 10 minutes. Let cool, then use to coat turkey or store in refrigerator up to 3 days.


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The Boy Illinois
Song: Coldest Playa Eva
From Julius Caesar, to Don Juan, to Casanova, history is rife with legendary womanizers, but The Boy Illinois just might be the Coldest Playa Eva. On this freshly-released mixtape cut, the Chi-town... More
Posted 5 months ago
Editor's Pick
Featuring: Trae The Truth | Twista
Song: BlackMale
On his last feature, The Boy Illinois assured us that he wasn't trying to Say 2 Much. I think I speak for all the Chicago repper's fans when I say he could stand to make a little more... More
Posted one year ago
Artist: Murph Watkins
Featuring: The Boy Illinois
Song: Avenue
Seeking something mellow and relaxing to rotate while you're "ridin' down the Avenue?" Look no further. The breezy feel of Chi-town buzzmaker Murphy Watkins's latest promo single... More
Posted one year ago
Song: Say 2 Much
Everyone has that one relative or friend who just loves to talk you ear off. No matter what you do you just can't get them off the phone, which seemingly occures at all the worst times. If you... More
Posted 2 years ago
Song: Yer
Despite giving his last solo feature/promo single the ominous title "I Quit," The Boy Illinois has returned with more fresh music for all his fans in the Booth. Yer, the inaugural leak off... More
Posted 3 years ago
Artist: hasHBrown
Featuring: The Boy Illinois | John Dew
Song: Collector's Edition
Fresh off the aptly-named, reader-acclaimed Crazy, Houston, Texas repper hasHBrown returns with a fresh mixtape leak sure to send his stock skyrocketing among fans of gritty underground grooves.... More
Posted 4 years ago
Song: I Quit
Hard at work on the follow-up to February's The Pilot LP, freestyle series alum The Boy Illinois drops off a fresh promo single to tide fans over between projects. Leaked to the 'net in... More
Posted 4 years ago
Artist: John Dew
Featuring: The Boy Illinois
Song: Richman (Remix)
If you were to ask a man on the street whether money buys true happiness, odds are that he'll answer you, without hesitation, in the negative. Then he'll go right back to fretting over his... More
Posted 4 years ago
Song: I'm Illi
The 224th entry in DJBooth.net and StreetAmmo's Exclusive Freestyle Series comes courtesy of The Boy Illinois, the Chi-town native who earned reader acclaim for Cardigan Sweater back in November... More
Posted 4 years ago
Song: Cardigan Sweater
While my wardrobe doesn't currently include a Cardigan Sweater, I may need to make a last-minute addition to my holiday wish list. Not only do they offer an unrivaled combo of warmth, comfort... More
Posted 4 years ago
Sample Text - Sample Link


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If you purchase a Mog 404 High Steer Arm you will need a bolt kit to install the arm. The stock bolt length will not be long enough. It is recommended to also use some type of thread lock on the threads when installing. Bolt kits are sold per arm.
Each Kit includes 6 bolts, 6 washers and 6 lock-washers.