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The program InDeVal was originally developed to help researchers find known regions of insertion/deletion activity (with the exception of isolated single-base indels) in newly determined Poaceae trnL-F sequences and compare them with 533 previously determined sequences. It is supplied with input files designed for this purpose. More broadly, the program is applicable for finding specific target regions (referred to as "variable regions") in DNA sequence. A variable region is any specific sequence fragment of interest, such as an indel region, a codon or codons, or sequence coding for a particular RNA secondary structure.
InDeVal input is DNA sequence and a template file (sequence flanking each variable region). Additional files contain the variable regions and user-defined messages about the sequence found within them (e.g., taxa sharing each of the different indel patterns).
Variable regions are found by determining the position of flanking sequence (referred to as "conserved regions") using the LPAM (Length-Preserving Alignment Method) algorithm. This algorithm was designed for InDeVal and is described here for the first time.
InDeVal output is an interactive display of the analyzed sequence, broken into user-defined units. Once the user is satisfied with the organization of the display, the information can be exported to an annotated text file.
InDeVal can find multiple variable regions simultaneously (28 indel regions in the Poaceae trnL-F files) and display user-selected messages specific to the sequence variants found. InDeVal output is designed to facilitate comparison between the analyzed sequence and previously evaluated sequence. The program's sensitivity to different levels of nucleotide and/or length variation in conserved regions can be adjusted. InDeVal is currently available for Windows in 1 or from http://www.sci.muni.cz/botany/elzdroje/indeval/ webcite.
Additional File 1. InDeVal 1.0 installation version InDeVal is currently available for the Windows platform. Instructions for use can be found in the help files, which are included with the program and are accessible from the Sequence Analysis Window. An installation version of InDeVal 1.0 with accessory files can be obtained by clicking on the link below or by visiting http://www.sci.muni.cz/botany/elzdroje/indeval/ webcite. Running the installation program installs (in addition to system files) an InDeVal program directory that contains the Indeval.exe file, the 7 InDeValHelp.txt files, the InDeValOptions.txt file, the InDeValParams.txt (parameters) file, and a Templates subdirectory containing TemplatePtrnLF.txt and a Vr subdirectory with 28 Poaceae trnL-F variable region files. The program is archived using WinZip® 9.0. WinZip is available from http://www.winzip.com/ webcite. The zipped package has 3.2 MB.
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Gaps caused by insertion and deletion events (indels) are often important features of DNA sequence data, which is widely used in phylogenetic studies [1-13]. Although some authors consider indels to be potentially misleading [1,14], others consider indels to be important characters [8,9,13,15,16] and have argued that treating them as missing data can weaken phylogenetic analyses [3,7,10,17]. Even though it is generally accepted that indels that cannot be unambiguously positioned make confident homology assessment impossible and, therefore, regions that contain them should be excluded from phylogenetic analyses [3,4,6,8], it has been proposed that even these regions are valuable if properly coded [15].
Phylogenetic estimation depends on accurate character homology assessment (sequence alignment) [4,8,18], which is made more difficult by the presence of indels [2-4,6,8,15]. Indel occurrence is context-dependent, and it has been repeatedly reported that indels tend to be found clustered into specific length-variable regions [1,3,5,6,8,19-21]. Accurate assessment of these regions (proper alignment and recognition of relative indel rate, reversals, parallel events, and multiple, overlapping events) is aided by comparison among many sequences from various taxonomic levels [4,8,19].
Sequence comparisons are complicated by the ambiguities gaps introduce into alignments. Finding a target region recognized from one alignment within another can be time consuming and difficult to perform accurately. Because of the limits of computer screen size and human analytical ability, alignments of hundreds of sequences are difficult to evaluate, even when they can be prepared.
Poaceae is one of the largest families of flowering plants and is economically important [22]. Lower-level phylogenies within the family often make use of the largely non-coding plastid sequence between the trnL (UAA) 5' exon and trnF (GAA), hereafter called trnL-F [17,23-28]. As of Apr 2, 2004, the NCBI Entrez Nucleotides database [29] contained 505 Poaceae trnL-F sequences. Comparing indel regions across these sequences can reveal patterns in indel behavior and aid researchers in creating accurate alignments. A discussion of the indel regions in these sequences is being prepared separately for publication.
The program InDeVal was originally developed to help researchers find known indel regions (with the exception of isolated single-base indels) in newly determined Poaceae trnL-F sequences and simultaneously compare them with 533 previously determined sequences (those mentioned above, plus 28 determined by SDSH). It is supplied with input files designed for this purpose. More broadly, the program is applicable for finding specific target regions (referred to as "variable regions") in DNA sequence. A variable region is any specific sequence fragment of interest, such as an indel region, a codon or codons, or sequence coding for a particular RNA secondary structure. The LPAM algorithm, which was specifically designed for InDeVal, is used to find sequence (referred to as "conserved regions") flanking the variable region in the analyzed sequence. InDeVal can find multiple variable regions simultaneously (28 indel regions in the Poaceae trnL-F files). The program's sensitivity to different levels of nucleotide and/or length variation in conserved regions can be adjusted.
Input files
InDeVal uses three types of input files: one conserved region file, separate variable region files for each variable region, and a DNA sequence file (Table 1). The conserved region file contains a template of sequence immediately flanking the variable regions (regions of interest). A variable region file contains messages that indicate which permutation of the variable region is in the analyzed sequence. The sequence file contains a set of sequences to be analyzed with InDeVal. All files are plain text (ASCII). Conserved region and variable region files are in InDeVal-specific formats. Detailed instructions for creating them are in the help files. The sequence file is in FASTA-format.
Table 1. This table summarizes the inputs and outputs for InDeVal. It provides the names of the different InDeVal file types and displays, the number involved in analyzing a single portion of DNA, whether or not they are required for InDeVal function, their basic format, whether or not they are provided with the InDeVal package, when they are produced, and a brief description.
A conserved region file contains at least one template, created by taking a representative sequence, removing the variable regions, and replacing them with variable region file names (2). Multiple (15) templates were used in the Poaceae trnL-F sequences to accommodate single, large deletions that spanned otherwise conserved regions. Treating them the same as the other indels would have resulted in a few large, difficult-to-interpret variable regions. InDeVal performance is improved by designing templates with conserved regions at least 20 bases long on either side of each variable region. However, the program still functions using templates with only one conserved region, conserved regions only 4 bases long, and variable regions flanked by other variable regions (such as clearly distinguishable, adjacent indel regions varying at different rates, which are found in Poaceae trnL-F). Although InDeVal parameters can be adjusted to reflect different degrees of nucleotide and length variation in conserved regions, it is a good idea to use a representative sequence for template design, especially if some conserved regions are short. Additional templates can be designed to accommodate distantly related taxa. (In the Poaceae trnL-F files, separate templates were designed for Pooideae, Ehrhartoideae, and the PACCAD clade).
Additional File 2. Annotated illustrations of InDeVal files and displays This file (386 kB) is a 9-page pdf that contains annotated illustrations and explanations of InDeVal files and displays. The structure and format of the conserved region, variable region, sequence, and output files is illustrated. Annotated screenshots of the Sequence Analysis Window and Variable Region Analysis Window are also included. These illustrations, combined with the InDeVal help files, serve as the InDeVal Manual.
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This file can be viewed with: Adobe Acrobat Reader
A variable region file contains the sequence variations the researcher expects in the region and some output information about each variation (2). In the Poaceae trnL-F files, the output information is the list of taxa with each variation. For coding sequence, the output information could be the amino acids for which the variations code. If the user is interested only in knowing if a particular variation is present, the output could be simply "Yes". Variants not found in the variable region file are also reported by InDeVal. The program works if the variable region file is completely blank (variable regions are all bases found between template conserved regions), but it obviously cannot provide output messages in this case. Symbols can be used in variable region sequence to draw attention to specific features of interest. They are ignored during alignment, but are displayed in the Variable Region Sequence List Box (2). The Poaceae trnL-F variable region files include spacing that emphasizes repeat motifs, hyphens to indicate that an entire variable region has been deleted, and stars to indicate possible inversion sites. InDeVal can help the user create these input files, comparing new sequences to those already included and indicating what adjustments should be made.
Sequence files are in a less stringent FASTA-format (2) and can be in either orientation. They can include spaces, numbers, capital or small letters, IUPAC ambiguity symbols, and carriage returns without disrupting InDeVal function.
A conserved region file (TemplatePtrnLF.txt) and 28 variable region data files, designed from 533 Poaceae trnL-F sequences, are provided with InDeVal. These files are based on the first author's critical examination (to be published elsewhere) of various alignments of these sequences using the web-based programs BLAST 2 SEQUENCES [30] and/or CLUSTAL W multiple alignments [31].
Aligning a sequence with a given template
InDeVal begins by sorting a template's conserved regions by length. It then searches for each conserved region in the analyzed sequence (using LPAM – see below), proceeding from longest to shortest. Found conserved regions are used to limit the search space for future searches (Figure 1).
Figure 1. Limiting search space with found conserved regions This figure shows a schematic diagram of a template with four conserved regions of varying lengths (indicated by colored boxes and labeled CR1–CR4) and an analyzed sequence (indicated by two lines). Conserved regions are searched for in order of length, and each found conserved region limits the search space of future searches.
Sometimes conserved regions are not found or are found at multiple locations within their subsequence. The program records this information and proceeds to the next longest sequence. A conserved region that cannot be aligned is recorded as "not found." A conserved region with multiple possible alignments is recorded as "found", but none of its possible alignments is used to limit the searches for the remaining regions.
This template alignment algorithm preserves the ordering found in the template, giving priority to the alignment suggested by the longer conserved regions, which are assumed to be more reliable. Using the alignment of longer regions to reduce the search space for smaller regions minimizes the probability of finding ambiguous or incorrect alignments.
Length-Preserving Alignment Method (LPAM)
InDeVal uses the LPAM algorithm, designed specifically for InDeVal and described here for the first time, to align the conserved regions within their subsequences. LPAM divides a conserved region into overlapping "words", strings of sequence of a user-defined length. That is, given a 4-base word length, the sequence "caatgt" would be represented as "caat", "aatg", "atgt". (Conserved regions shorter than the word length are found only if they match exactly.) LPAM searches the analyzed sequence for each of these words and notes multiple finds, single finds, and missing words. Each word is allowed one "vote" for a possible alignment, i.e., for the base in the analyzed sequence that begins the conserved region. If the word occurs once, it casts its vote for that alignment. If it occurs multiple times, its vote is divided equally among the possibilities. Words that are not found cast no vote. The alignment that receives the most votes is assumed to be the most probable.
LPAM permits a (user-definable) degree of length variation. A word's possible alignments are evaluated according to whether or not they agree with the most probable alignment for the region as a whole. Suppose, for example, that the most probable ungapped conserved region alignment would begin at base 53. If the tolerance is set to 3, LPAM will allow the first word to begin at any base from 50 to 56, preferring the possibility closest to 53. If the first word in the conserved region sequence has no acceptable alignment, LPAM searches for the first word that does have an acceptable alignment. All bases preceding this first found word are aligned with no gaps. In the above example, if the first and second words are not found and the third word aligns beginning at base 57, the first two bases of the conserved region will be aligned with bases 55 and 56.
Each subsequent base is aligned similarly. If the word it begins has no acceptable alignment, the base is aligned according to the previous acceptable word. If the word it begins has multiple acceptable alignments, the one closest to the previous alignment is chosen. Note that the range of acceptable alignments remains constant; it is a function of the initial voting and does not depend on any of the choices made in aligning individual bases.
The aligned bases from the analyzed sequence are compared with the template conserved region sequence, and a percentage similarity is established. If this is greater than the user-defined cut-off value, the conserved region is listed as found.
InDeVal then checks the most probable alignment that clearly differs from the first. (In the example above, this excludes any alignment beginning at bases 50–56.) If this alignment also yields a percentage similarity greater than the cut-off value, neither is selected, but the region is still considered to be "found" for purposes of measuring similarity to the template (see below).
The LPAM algorithm is able to align conserved regions despite both point mutations and indels. However, deletions in the first or last word of a conserved region are indistinguishable from point mutations (and are interpreted as such). LPAM proved effective in the Poaceae trnL-F sequences, where conserved regions are by definition length-conserved. In 533 sequences, there were only three instances where an indistinguishable mismatch was caused by an indel instead of a point mutation and resulted in misalignment. It is important to design templates so that the ends of conserved regions are not in sequence prone to indel activity.
The alignment suggested by LPAM is not necessarily locally maximal, i.e., there are cases where a slight adjustment of the alignment would produce a higher percentage of matched bases. Furthermore, a number of factors can prevent LPAM from finding a correct alignment. Repetitive sequence, resulting in multiple matches, can be very problematic. InDeVal may not be appropriate for analyzing repetitive sequence, and if it is used for this purpose, templates must be designed with great care. If every word contains a point mutation, the conserved region cannot be found. Indels can cause problems if they are dispersed so that several words are disrupted. In general, LPAM will correctly align regions if the mutations are clustered and the first and last base can be assigned correctly (which will be the case if they have no indels between them and the undisrupted word that will position them). Though hypothetical situations where LPAM would create incorrect alignments are easy to envision, in practice, the algorithm proved able to reliably determine where the conserved regions of a sequence begin and end. This is sufficient for the purposes of InDeVal. It is important to note that even when LPAM does not find a conserved region alignment, a possible alignment is displayed, and the user can rearrange it (to a limited extent) and interpret it.
Choosing the best template
Once conserved regions have been found, InDeVal calculates a "found conserved region score" for each template. Each matched conserved region is given a value equal to the number of bases in that region in the template (regardless of how many individual bases actually matched), and these values are summed to give a score for the template. This prevents a template with a major deletion from being selected over a template with more matching conserved regions (as could happen if the deletion template were a better match at the base-per-base level). Templates with higher scores are ranked above those with lower scores (Figure 2).
Figure 2. Ranking templates This figure shows a schematic diagram of two templates (conserved regions indicated by colored boxes) and two analyzed sequences (indicated by two lines). The first sequence is a better match with Template 1, because it has more conserved region bases in common. The second sequence is a better match with Template 2 (a major deletion template), because it matches a higher percentage of all the conserved regions in the template.
If two templates have roughly equal found conserved region scores (to within a user-selected tolerance), the one with the higher "score percentage" (calculated by dividing the score by the total number of conserved region bases in the template) is ranked higher. This ensures that sequences that actually do have deletions will be matched with deletion templates, even though the templates (theoretically) have an equal number of bases in found conserved regions (Figure 2).
All the templates are ranked in this way and listed in the Template List Box in order. The highest ranked template is automatically selected, and its variable regions are analyzed. The user has the option of comparing the sequence to a template other than the one selected by InDeVal.
Finding the correct variable region sequence
Each variable region is defined as the sequence between two specific conserved regions. If both flanking conserved regions are found, the bases between them are recorded, and the appropriate variable region file is searched for a matching string of bases.
Sequence between two found conserved regions is classified as a confused region if the template indicates that it should contain one or more conserved regions that were not found. Because the variable regions in a confused region are not clearly delimited, InDeVal searches the entire region for each variable region sequence in each applicable variable region file, and all potential matches are recorded. The user is able to select from among these possibilities, rearrange the display to reflect them, and study different sequence interpretations. In this manner, InDeVal is able to deal satisfactorily with most short conserved regions that cannot be found because of point mutations. In the Poaceae trnL-F file, one- and two-base conserved regions were incorporated into adjacent variable region files because they were impossible to find.
A short conserved region will be misaligned if a point mutation prevents it from being found in the proper place and a perfect match is found nearby. If this occurs, it is possible to set the program to disregard conserved regions of this size. (This situation has only been observed for 4- and 5-base conserved regions). The region can then be satisfactorily parsed using the confused region algorithm.
Results and discussion
InDeVal has two output windows (Table 1, 2). The Sequence Analysis Window displays the analyzed sequence broken into conserved and variable regions and lists template information. From this window, the user can load template and sequence files, export the analysis to a text file, set LPAM parameters and warning message options, convert the sequence to its complement prior to analysis, and choose a template other than the one selected by InDeVal. For conserved regions, the template sequence is listed so that it can be compared directly with the analyzed sequence. For variable regions, if the analyzed sequence matches one of the variants in the variable region file, the message for that variant is displayed.
The Variable Region Analysis Window displays the variable region file name, variants proposed by InDeVal, and the sequence and length of the line currently selected in the Sequence Analysis Window (which can be any line from any sequence). The user can request displays of some or all of the sequences in the variable region file.
A text file can be created once the user is satisfied with the display in the Sequence Analysis Window. This file gives information about the sequence and template, lists the positions of the various conserved and variable regions, and shows the entire analyzed sequence. The user can choose whether or not variable region file information is displayed.
InDeVal for the Windows platform is available in 1. The source code for InDeVal in Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 is available in 3. InDeVal analyzes only DNA sequences, but a version for protein sequences could be created using the source code. It would have to be altered to recognize amino acid sequence (all non-nucleotide letters are presently ignored), and an algorithm to recognize frame-shifts would be helpful.
Additional File 3. InDeVal source code The source code for InDeVal in Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 can be obtained by clicking on the link below or by visiting http://www.sci.muni.cz/botany/elzdroje/indeval/ webcite. The files are archived using WinZip® 9.0. The package (61 kB) includes the 32 code files, the InDeVal icon and the bitmap from which it was constructed, and InDeValSourceCodeHelp.txt, a file with advice on orienting within the source code files.
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InDeVal is a program designed to search DNA sequence for target regions and to display information about them. It can find multiple target regions simultaneously and is relatively robust when challenged by conserved region variation and differences among analyzed sequences in length, spanned region, and format. InDeVal differs from other alignment software in that it breaks the analyzed sequence into user-defined units and emphasizes regions that are of most interest to the user. This makes it possible to quickly compare specific features among many hundreds of sequences. An advantage of InDeVal is that, while it can be used to quickly skim and classify hundreds of sequences, it displays all surrounding sequence. Therefore, if at any time questions arise about the initial classification, the researcher can recreate the InDeVal alignment, instantly find the area in question, and study it for alternative explanations.
Availability and requirements
Project name: InDeVal
Project home page: http://www.sci.muni.cz/botany/elzdroje/indeval/ webcite
Operating system(s): Windows Platform
Programming language: Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0
Other requirements: None
License: None
Any restrictions to use by non-academics: No restrictions
Authors' contributions
SDSH planned and oversaw the project, collected the data, prepared the data files, tested the program, and wrote the documentation. JAH suggested the project and designed, wrote, and debugged the program. Both authors read and approved the final manuscript.
The authors wish to thank P Bureš for helpful discussions and advice and three anonymous reviewers for constructive suggestions. This research was undertaken during the graduate studies of SDSH, supported by a US National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship, a US Student Fulbright Grant, and an Honor Society of Phi Kappa Phi Fellowship, and was supported in part by the Ministry of Education of the Czech Republic FRVŠ Project 556-G4 (Phylogenetic analysis of Poa L. on the basis of non-coding cpDNA sequences) and Research Project MSM 143100010 (Spatial and Temporal Biodiversity Dynamics in Ecosystems of Central Europe).
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Hello readers! This is my first column here at TJR Sports so I figured I would introduce myself. I am a 25-year-old journalist based out of Illinois and a lifelong sports fan. I will be focused on college football here for the time being with an emphasis on the Big Ten. I am a massive Northwestern Wildcats fan as I grew up right outside of Evanston and would go to at least one game at Ryan Field every year throughout my childhood. Don't worry, I will do my best to not have that bias shine through. I hope you enjoy my work and feel free to leave me feedback or suggestions. Follow me @JWEngelhardt
The subject of dynasties captivates the imaginations of sports fans and creates great debate about what it requires to truly earn that title.
Are the San Francisco Giants two World Series titles in three years enough? Perhaps the Chicago Blackhawks winning two of the last four Stanley Cups qualifies because of the difficulty of the NHL playoffs?
One thing is for sure, the Wisconsin Badgers' three consecutive Big Ten championships do not equal a dynasty. I always found it odd the national media, and even stations and publications dedicated to the Big Ten, never lauded the accomplishment as a herculean feat or even debated whether the trifecta made the Badgers one of the league's all-time best squads.
But as with most things in life, context and timing determine the narrative. It becomes evident upon closer examination that the empire Wisconsin built was never destined to be more than a footnote in the rich history books of Big Ten football.
Problem 1: The Rose Bowl
It's hard to call a program a dynasty when it had three cracks at the "Granddaddy Of Them All" and failed to win a single one. To be considered a great champion, other champions must be conquered and Wisconsin failed to do that as it fell to TCU, Oregon and Stanford in consecutive Rose Bowls.
While the 2011-12 squad was the best of the Badgers, their best chance to win was in their first attempt at the Rose Bowl when they took on defensive stalwarts and WAC champion TCU.
The matchup against the Horned Frogs was not expected to be a walk in the park as they were ranked No. 3 in the nation – two spots ahead of Wisconsin – and featured future Bengals quarterback Andy Dalton along with a nationally acclaimed defense. But while TCU's notable victories came against Utah and Oregon State that year, Wisconsin was busy knocking off the likes of No. 12 Iowa and then-undefeated No. 1 Ohio St.
The Badgers had the potential to win the game but a failed two-point conversion near the end of the fourth quarter resulted in a 21-19 defeat and proved to be an eerie forecast of what Wisconsin would experience during their championship era.
As previously mentioned, the 2011-12 squad was the best of the bunch but a date against one of the most athletic teams ever assembled proved too much to overcome in Pasadena.
Wisconsin was experiencing the sort of storybook year legends are made of as there was no asterisks (more on that later) and some superstars (more on that too) for the Badgers. Quarterback Russell Wilson was a feel-good story, Montee Ball was an emerging star and the team just won the inaugural Big Ten Championship game against Michigan State in true Hollywood-ending style.
Unfortunately, the Ducks trotted out a nuclear array of offensive weapons featuring De'Anthony Thomas, Kenjon Barner and LaMichael James that led them to a 45-38 win.
The Badgers Rose Bowl woes would continue in 2013 with a loss to Stanford, but honestly, at that point, the chance for a dynasty had been derailed not only from past Rose Bowl defeats, but circumstances that deflated their accomplishments.
Problem 2: The asterisk
It was the 2012-13 season that had the largest asterisk of all for a team that could not seem to avoid them in its three-year run of glory. Dynasty talk flies out the window when a team "wins" its division with a 4-4 conference record and 8-6 overall record, especially when another team in the same division is 12-0.
That was the case last year for Wisconsin who limped into a Big Ten Championship game against Nebraska – a team expected to win in a blowout. Instead, the Badgers blew out the Huskers 70-31. That result, paired with the storyline of Badger icon Barry Alvarez returning to the sideline for the Rose Bowl, still was not enough to savor a season that left Big Ten fans feeling underwhelmed about their Rose Bowl representative.
Ohio St. and Penn St. had clearly outperformed Wisconsin in the regular season but could not compete in the Big Ten title game because of sanctions. Not only did the fact two teams had better records than Wisconsin hurt the public perception of the Badgers, but the stories surrounding the Buckeyes and Nittany Lions were also more compelling.
In one town, you had the return of Urban Meyer showing the start of his crusade to bring SEC-style football to the Big Ten with tremendous results as he went undefeated. In Penn St., Bill O'Brien was shocking the country as he rallied a group of players who had been - to a degree - vilified by association and kicked to the curb to an 8-4 record.
Unfortunately for the Badgers, those storylines overshadowed their journey to three conference championships.
The asterisks started even earlier in the team's run when it technically split the Big Ten title with Michigan State in 2010-11. Had there been a Big Ten Championship game that season, perhaps the Badgers could have staked a larger claim to a dynasty with a win.
Once again it was the outstanding 2011-12 squad that went asterisk free in its season. It was also the only team to boast superstars – another downfall to the Badgers' run.
Problem 3: Starless
Russell Wilson and J.J. Watt were the only two players in three seasons of Wisconsin championship football that became household names. But even then, neither man was a true star at the collegiate level.
Even the other supremely talented players such as Monte Ball were left off highlight reels because of the flashy styles of blinding runs from backs in Oregon or the wide open offense of a Baylor.
It wasn't only on the individual level where Wisconsin was being looked over, but as a team. While the Badgers were stringing together three Big Ten titles, Alabama was busy getting to work on winning three out of four national championships. That's right. Not conference titles, not BCS bowl game appearances, but winning national titles.
Wrong time, wrong place for the Badgers.
Perhaps it is unfair to scoff at Wisconsin's accomplishments. Even with the Rose Bowl losses and asterisks that plagued its run, it is still a team that brings in recruiting classes ranked well below Michigan and Ohio St. and many times Nebraska and still found a way to achieve tremendous success.
If the Badgers truly want to be viewed as a dynasty, they are tasked with the unfair expectation of a fourth consecutive conference title. The national media fully expects Ohio St. to challenge for a national championship and Michigan to go for the roses. If Wisconsin emerges from the conference this year, respect will have been taken whether people wanted to give it or not.
But until that pipe dream is achieved, Wisconsin's empire has only been built tall enough to be seen by those around Madison.

subset: commoncrawl


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You can now invite anyone to meet at your favorite Starbucks.
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26 year old woman | Cranberry Township, PA, USA | Seeking men 22-28 within 40 miles
Hey, my name's Megan - I'm pretty new to the online dating scene, so I'm not really sure what to expect. I'm a few years out of college, and thought this might be a good way to meet new people in the area. Here's a few tidbits about myself. I have 3 siblings, and 2 adorable twin nieces, and I love spending time with my family. My faith is also very important to me, and I enjoy going to Mass every week. I work in safety analysis (I won't bore you with the details of my job, but if you are interested, feel free to ask!), and am currently working towards a masters degree in engineering. I am a motivated, hard working person, and I love learning! I have a pretty laid back personality, and try to live each day to the fullest. I've recently started reffing basketball, which has been an adventure (you get yelled at A LOT haha), but also a lot of fun. I love playing and watching sports, and get really excited for the Olympics every two years. I've run a couple of marathons, but haven't been running quite as much recently. I really enjoy traveling, and have been to a number of countries and states. I don't have the opportunity to travel much with my job, so I like to visit friends and see new places whenever I have the chance. I like to get dressed up and go out every once in a while, but also really like spending nights at home watching movies or playing board games (monopoly is my favorite!). I've been trying to teach myself how to cook, and I try to maintain a healthy lifestyle. I am also left handed! My friends would describe me as fun, kind, and having a positive outlook on life. Anything else you'd like to know, just ask :) I am looking for someone who isn't afraid to be themselves, and who is open, honest, and loyal. I'd like to find someone who shares some of my interests and can help me find some new ones too. Someone who has a good sense of humor (or at least doesn't mind laughing at themselves!), and enjoys having a good conversation. If you're interested, please send me a message! Submitted from mobile
Camping , Cooking , Dining out , Movies/Videos , Exploring new areas , Playing cards , Playing sports , Religion/Spiritual , Travel/Sightseeing , Watching sports , Wine tasting
Basketball, Cycling, Football, Other types of exercise, Running, Skiing, Swimming, Tennis / Racquet sports, VolleyBall, Walking / Hiking, Weights / Machines
I exercise 3-4 times per week.
I don't believe in astrology
Love the ocean and the mountains (especially Myrtle Beach and Colorado). I spent 4 months studying abroad in Australia , and will always have a soft spot in my heart for Perth! I'm new to Cranberry
University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
I'm currently reading the new J.K. Rowling book, The Casual Vacancy. I liked reading Harry Potter growing up, and thought I'd give her new book a try!
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
|What she is looking for
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|5'8" (172cms) to 7'0" (213cms)
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Jennifer Aniston Joins Peter Bogdanovich's Broadway-Themed Film
Jennifer Aniston has officially signed on for Peter Bogdanovich's Broadway-themed movie SHE'S FUNNY THAT WAY, alongside Owen Wilson, The Hollywood Reporter has announced.
Click here to read the original report.
Formerly known as SQUIRRELS TO NUTS, Bogdanovich and Louise Stratten penned the script that follows a married Broadway director (Wilson) who helps a former prostitute become an actress. Red Granite Pictures is financing the film.
Aniston is set to play a therapist whose mother is completing a stint in rehab for alcoholism. The former FRIENDS actress joins Wilson, Jason Schwartzman, Cybil Shepherd, Eugene Levy, and Kathryn Hahn for the comedy.
Production on SHE'S FUNNY THAT WAY is set to kick off this June in New York City. As of now, no theatrical release date has been set by the studio.
The actress is best known for her role as Rachel Green on the beloved sitcom FRIENDS. Aniston has also appeared in such films as THE BREAK-UP, HE'S JUST NOT THAT INTO YOU, THE BOUNTY HUNTER, and HORRIBLE BOSSES.
Peter Bogdanovich began directing plays Off-Broadway and in New York summer theater at just 20. He wrote a series of three monographs on Orson Welles, Howard Hawks and Alfred Hitchcock for the Museum of Modern Art and wrote a classic series of feature articles and profiles for Esquire, including a groundbreaking Humphrey Bogart tribute and definitive pieces on James Stewart, Jerry Lewis and John Ford.
In 1966, he began working in movies first as Roger Corman's assistant on The Wild Angels; within a year, Corman financed Bogdanovich's first film as director-writer-producer-actor with the cult classic Targets, starring Boris Karloff in his last great film role. In 1971, Bogdanovich commanded the attention of both critics and public with The Last Picture Show -- starring then-unknowns Jeff Bridges and Cybill Shepherd, Ellen Burstyn and Cloris Leachman -- a look at small-town Texan-American life in the early 1950s. The film, which was recently designated a National Treasure by The Library of Congress, earned eight Academy Award nominations, including for Best Director and Best Screenplay.
About Author
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text: on Feb 1, 2013 @ 2:30 AMFeb 1, 2013 @ 2:30 AM Published Jailed Pussy Riot member taken to hospital: officialOne of the jailed members of the Pussy Riot rock group, Nadezhda Tolokonnikova, has been taken to hospital for tests at her own wish, a spokeswoman for the Russian prisons service said on Friday. Tolokonnikova "was transferred to hospital for a diagnostic examination based on her own and her lawyer's wishes," the spokeswoman told AFP without giving further details.The activist is serving a two-year sentence at a prison camp in the Mordovia region in central Russia for an anti-Vladimir Putin performance in a Moscow church.One other Pussy Riot member, Maria Alyokhina, is serving her two-year term in the Perm region. The third jailed band member Yekaterina Samutsevich was freed on appeal. vvl-sjw/zak/yad


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Colts Keeping Howard Mudd and Tom Moore as Consultants
By The Colts Corner ,
"They're long-time friends," said Jim Irsay, the Colts owner. "I told them, 'It's business, but be rational. No one is trying to stick it to you. Don't make it 'us against the world' and the big-bad owners. That's not the case. There is uncertainty, but that's life. I'm not going to let anything happen to you that's unjust.'"
The Colts offense should be just as potent as it has always been. I am not sure how much worse Gonzalez is than Harrison, but I can tell you it is not by that much. Austin Collie should provide a spark. Donald Brown will also be a huge lift. The Offensive line is about the same. More of the same. The Colts will make the playoffs and win 12 games.


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New London - AT&T, responding to a complaint by Mayor Daryl Justin Finizio that the company had neglected to file a notifice of intent to close a downtown call center, has delayed by nearly two months a planned relocation of 84 employees to New Haven.
"The city believes the lack of notice may be in violation of federal law," Finizio said in a letter dated July 2 to Randall Stephenson, chief executive of Dallas-based AT&T.
On July 3, AT&T filed a notification indicating that the call center will not be closed until Sept. 1 at the earliest, and William Henderson, president of the local Communications Workers of America union, said Monday that the company told him the closure would occur Sept. 9. The office at 200 State St. originally was slated for closure July 15.
Finizio's letter related to the closure of facilities covered by the Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act. AT&T said it didn't believe a movement of workers to another office at 350 George St. in New Haven fell under the WARN requirement, but decided to file a notice to ensure that it was in compliance with the law.
"All 84 employees currently employed at the New London facility will be offered a position at the New Haven facility, and we believe that this location is within a reasonable commuting distance," AT&T said in its letter to the state Department of Labor.
Henderson said the Labor Department considers a move of 35 miles or less to be a reasonable distance, but the New Haven consolidation will require a commute of about 50 miles.
"AT&T doesn't lay off people, it just makes it hard for them to stay," Henderson said. "The more people who leave, the more jobs they can offshore to a foreign country."
Henderson said he is trying to arrange a meeting between AT&T and state, federal and local officials to discuss the economic impact of the company's proposed move out of New London, where it has maintained an office for more than 70 years. He is hoping that an alternative could be found, such as utilizing space in an AT&T building on Washington Street that has plenty of empty space.
"I think this is a mistake that AT&T is making," Finizio said in a phone interview. "There is no real impending need to do this."
Finizio, in an earlier letter to the company, said it was unconscionable that a company making $13 billion a year in profits would put extra burdens on its workers.
"This move will unduly harm middle class workers who will now have to cover the increased cost of gas in tough economic times," he said in the letter.
U.S. Sen. Richard Blumenthal and U.S. Rep. Joe Courtney also have criticized AT&T's planned move.
Last month, about 30 local members of the Communications Workers of America union, joined by Finizio and state Rep. Ernest Hewett, protested outside the AT&T building, saying they were fighting for their jobs.
At the time, AT&T denied allegations that the local closure was tied to an elaborate plan to send more jobs overseas.
Portion of Ocean Avenue in New London is closed after car snaps utility pole
Once again, there's a few sports parents who could use some decaf
New London middle school to get nearly $3 million to fund new programs
The Rev. Michel Belt set to retire from St. James Episcopal Church later this summer
Eastern Pequot chairman vows to fight new tribal recognition rule
Newly signed state budget changes funding for cities and towns
High Hopes offers equine experience to Camp Harkness campers
Police: Maine man shoots off fireworks mortar tube from top of his head, dies
New London man charged with failing to safeguard gun discharged at middle school
Former East Lyme couple accused in string of residential burglaries
Huge crowds clog region's beaches as holiday weekend draws to close


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City University London Postgraduate
We have a strong tradition of postgraduate education and are located in the heart of London, close to the capital's leading financial, legal, media and medical institutions.
With over 150 taught postgraduate degree courses on offer across five specialist Schools, as well as a range of research degree programmes, City has a wide range of postgraduate study options for you to choose from.
Over one-third of our current student body is studying for a taught or research postgraduate degree and we continue to boast one of the best records in the country for graduate employment. For many years we have provided employment opportunities for graduating students through our strong links with leading companies in sectors from finance to civil engineering to the media.
Whether your interests lie in business & finance, the arts, economics, psychology, sociology, health & nursing, computer science, engineering & mathematics or law we can offer you the postgraduate or research course you need to start your career.
We are a very International University with nearly a third of our students coming from outside the UK, drawn from 160 countries.
Find out how to visit city here www.city.ac.uk/study/postgraduate/visit-us and more about postgrduate study here www.city.ac.uk/study/postgraduate


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by Jessica Goldstein Posted on December 8, 2014
Leo reportedly left a club in Miami with 20 models. Time for a little thought experiment.
by Jessica Goldstein Posted on November 5, 2014
"Sidewalk": like if "10 Hours Walking as a Woman In New York" was a cartoon and covered 100 years.
by Lauren C. Williams Posted on October 23, 2014
Day said she's kept quiet out of fear of getting doxxed or hacked.
by Annie-Rose Strasser Posted on October 15, 2014
Because of Utah's concealed carry laws, the school was unable to assure Sarkeesian that metal detectors and pat-downs would be used to check attendees.
by Ian Millhiser Posted on October 7, 2014
Not so long ago, marriage was defined as a fundamentally sexist institution where the wife was both financially and sexually subservient to her husband.
by Judd Legum Posted on September 27, 2014
The Fox News game plan for extreme sexism.
by Jessica Goldstein Posted on September 23, 2014
Mock Miss America all you want, but there's no dystopia quite so dystopian for women as the world in which we already, actually live. Not even the Miss America pageant.
by Lauren C. Williams Posted on September 18, 2014
AEI defends male gaming culture from the feminists out to destroy it.
by Jessica Goldstein Posted on September 2, 2014
This is news, because it happened to Jennifer Lawrence. But these kinds of violations happen to all kinds of women, all the time.
by Alice Ollstein Posted on August 28, 2014
Just a few hours after Sen. Kirsten Gillibrand (D-NY) went public with accounts of sexual harassment from her fellow lawmakers, a cadre of mostly male reporters took to the airwaves and Internet to question her credibility.


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Political Hay
Budgeting for Terror
Do kvetchers from the big cities have a point?
Among last week's news stories, the budget for the Department of Homeland Security has received continuing attention. New York was notably unhappy at having its counterterrorism grant cut by 40 percent, while other states saw theirs increased. Politicians on both sides of the aisle weighed in -- vociferously.
The allocation cut, said Rep. Peter King, a Republican, "raises very serious questions about the judgment and the sincerity of the department and everything they do." "If they can't get something like this right," he asked, "how can we trust them to get anything right?"
"This administration's approach to Homeland Security can be summed up in one word: incompetence," said U.S. Rep. Carolyn Maloney (D-Astoria) "Earlier this year they were promising smarter funding. It goes to show you that you can't trust this administration to get anything right."
It makes for a near-perfect political storm. Local representatives get to claim national security interests while demanding more money from the federal government, which money will mostly melt away without accountability into the mystic arcana of municipal collective bargaining agreements. Pundits get to make snarky remarks about the relative value of terrorist targets, setting the Wisconsin Dells against the Brooklyn Bridge.
THE CONVICTION THIS PAST WEEK of D.C. sniper John Allen Muhammed reminds us that there have been no major organized terrorist attacks in the U.S. since 9/11. It should also remind us -- no matter how much fun it is to argue over federal money -- how easy it would be for terrorists to reduce the United States to complete ineffectualness as a nation.
Imagine half a dozen crews of Muhammed/Malvo snipers spread out all over the country. Now imagine them given a little operational training so that, at the moment of maximum hysteria, they simply close the trunk of their Chevy Caprice and leave the area, lie low for a while, then resume operations a thousand miles away. Or imagine, as Tom Clancy did vividly in his latest novel, The Teeth of the Tiger, a crew of suicidal terrorists shooting up a modern suburban shopping mall with automatic weapons. Imagine that sort of attack taking place regularly.
It would be so easy, we should be asking -- in sessions full of whip-smart guys and gals in the intelligence sector -- why it hasn't happened. The Palestinians attack Israel this way. The Baader-Meinhof Gang and the Red Army Brigades used to do it in Europe. Why doesn't the wider terrorist world attack us in the same fashion?
THE SIMPLEST ANSWER MAY BE that Osama bin Laden doesn't want to. Would-be Islamic leaders have always cherished the Pan-Arabist vision of a Saladin uniting people across the Middle East with grand, heroic gestures. They need big, grand attacks that play dramatically on the world stage. They have to top what they did the last time.
Osama bin Laden is a drama queen. Post 9/11 history suggests we are fighting him -- insofar as he represents something worth fighting -- in exactly the right way. We have captured his guns, compromised his communications, frozen his money, killed his associates, and made it hard for him to travel. Once in a while, he issues forth from the border fastnesses of Pakistan with an ornate pronunciamento on something or other. We singe his robe with a Hellfire missile once in a while. Sooner or later, one of them won't miss.
Al Qaeda, Hezbollah, and the other terrorist organizations also don't follow the Palestinian example because, well...the Palestinians do it. The Arab world may make a big fuss about "the occupied territories" and "the oppressed Palestinian people," but that's just for foreign consumption. Within the Islamic crescent, the Palestinians count about as much as donkeys. And Saladins don't fight like donkeys.
SO WHO SHOULD GET MORE DOH MONEY? Washington, D.C. or Walla-Walla? The Empire State Building or Old Faithful? The Gateway Arch or North Dakota, where the empty plains stand guard over missile silos? Government being government, the funding won't make much sense, it will be wasted, the audit safeguards won't work very well, and politicians will complain it's not enough.
For my part, I'm thankful that our enemies have either: not realized how easy it would be to hurt us (unlikely); refused to fight us in an effective way because they've got their fantastic noses in the air (possible); have found themselves so busy fighting us overseas that they don't have time to hurt us here. Yes, I know President Bush says this all the time. Doesn't mean he's wrong.
The potentially random nature of effective terror also very strongly suggests the most effective programs will be the big ones: the massive data collection operations, the artificial intelligence analysis of action and communications and movement, and the rapid deployment of special assets when the dots cluster in a certain way.
Are we doing any of these things well? Well, we're doing them.
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25 Easy to Make Homemade Jewelry Crafts
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Repurposed Jewelry Pendant
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Dip into your stash of old brooches and pins to create a Repurposed Jewelry Pendant from Candace Jedrowicz. Jewelry craft ideas don't have to be complicated or expensive - simply use pieces you already have and let your creativity shine through. This is a great excuse to show off an old piece of jewelry that is especially meaningful.
- Pin
- Chain
- Small spacer beads
- Charm
Open the pin back and slide on enough spacer beads to almost fill the pin wire. Close the pin back.
Fold chain in half and slide under the pin wire so a small loop of chain shows. Pass the rest of the chain through the loop and, as you tighten the chain, guide it to the middle of the pin wire between the spacer beads. This is so the chain stays in place.
- Attach a charm to the pin wire between the two strands of chain. This will keep the pin from falling forward.
For a comprehensive video tutorial of this project, check out How to Transform a Costume Jewelry Pin into a Pendant.
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The Hudson Reed Series 130 triple thermostatic shower valve provides a great way to create a neat, minimal finish to your bathroom. This high quality shower valve has been designed to supply water to two separate outlets such as a fixed shower head and a shower handset for example.
Made to a high quality from solid brass with a chrome finish this stylish shower valve incorporates ceramic disc technology for the smooth and accurate control over the flow and temperature of the water. For a safer showering experience this shower valve features a built-in anti-scald device.
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Gelatin supplies 2 important functions in emulsion making. Gelatin functions as a peptizing agent and as a vehicle.
As a peptizer, it prevents silver halide from falling to the bottom of your beaker in one lump or a few large lumps. Instead, gelatin suspends the crystals in a creamy mixture.
As a vehicle, it supplies a viscous "melt" that can be coated and hardened and which remains intact through the processing procedure. It must be transparent and colorless.
If you select a material for emulsion making it must do all of the above. At EK we never found a single polymer that could do all of the above. We found two families of polymers that supplied the features of a peptizing agent and as a vehicle individually. That is about it.
Bill has had some success with the Silanes. I hope this is of use to all of us.


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Stay updated with all the latest happenings at Techjoomla. From news about the developments in your favourite extensions to Tips & Tricks about the Joomla CMS, Framework & Development.
On account of the great feedback & response that we have received for our Joomla Training sessions held in Pune, Maharashtra (India) & requests from many of our clients to provide crash training sessions in other cities in India, we have decided to take our training to a place near you!
With the election air being felt everywhere in the country we feel we should let you take the call on where our next Joomla sessions should be held! So use your right & cast your vote in favor of the city of your choice. :)
The cities featured are given below. Use the Training poll on the home page to cast your vote.
Dont see your city here? Let us know & we'll add it.


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31 Halloween Craft Projects
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Easy as Pizza Pie Costume
By: Heather Mann for Dollar Store Crafts
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Quick, easy Halloween costumes, like this Easy as Pizza Pie Costume from Heather Mann, are great for last-minute Halloween parties! Flavor your pizza costume what whatever toppings you desire!
- 1 Yard each of cream-colored and tan felt (72" wide)
- 1/4 Yard of dark red felt
- 1 Sheet each of black, brown, and green craft felt
- One piece of batting, 24x24"
- Sewing machine
- Hot glue gun
- Velcro
- Cut two triangles out of felt - one tan, one cream-colored; cut one triangle out of batting. My triangles were 18" wide and about 20" long. Adjust measurements to fit your costume wearer.
- Use a bowl to make a neck hole about 3" below the top of the pizza. You will cut a line straight down from the edge of the pizza and cut the hole out. The resulting tabs are the place where the bib will fasten.
- Sandwich batting and felt in the following order: batting on bottom, then tan crust piece face up, then cream-colored top piece face down. Sew around perimeter, leaving a 6" hole on the side of the pizza for turning.
- Turn right-side out, being sure to fully turn the bib pieces. Use a pencil to push corners out, if necessary. Fold 6" unsewn hole under, and topstitch closed. Topstitch around perimeter, if desired, and quilt across the pizza a couple lines if you want.
- Sew Velcro to bib tabs, with scratchy piece facing up on the right tab, and fuzzy piece facing down on the left tab.
- Now for the fun part! Toppings! Cut out your desired toppings. Our pizza was combo-style with pepperoni and veggies. Pepperoni: I traced a large bowl onto dark red felt for pepperoni. Olives: I traced a small saucer and a ramekin with chalk onto black felt to make olives. Mushrooms: I folded brown squares of felt in half and cut out mushroom shapes. Green Pepper: I went for diced green pepper and just cut squares of green felt.
- Hot glue toppings on.
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AITC's fall mini-grant application is now available here.
Check out resources on this month's featured topic - dairy.
Check out our summer regional workshop calendar!
The mission of Agriculture in the Classroom is to educate Virginia's children about the importance of agriculture.
AITC does this through:
AITC is able to achieve its mission due to the generosity of our donors. To learn more about how to support AITC....
Agriculture in the Classroom - Connecting Children to Agriculture


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These photos tell a story about our lives. Even though the children and grandchildren are not in them, they and others in our family are in photos and object in the background of this pictures. Our house is such an important character in our lives. For years we dreamed of having a house. When we rented we always talked about the things we would do, always including walls we would tear down! Our house has been Daniel's canvas. He has done all the remodeling, built lots of the furniture, created the garden, build me beautiful things and given me my wonderful nest.
This has been, in some ways the most difficult period of our lives. So much going on. Daniel's cancer, the accident, my mother moving in. But through it all we have not forgotten that we are blessed. I am reminded of it every time I lift my eyes and see something beautiful that Daniel has created. Our joke is that he is an "artist in residence", our residence!
Life is rich, and messy and complicated. I think beauty is an important reminder that there is always something to come back to. It has accompanied us through all that has happened these last few months. As I write this Daniel and the dog are asleep in our bed, that Daniel built. I look up to see pictures of fathers, grandmothers, sisters, children, and grandchildren and listen for the sounds of my mother sleeping in the other room.
By Daniel's wife, DenisePhotojournalism, Photography, Copywriting2012
Be with dancer Masha for a day, from where she lives, to her dance class to late night performance, documented dancer's day of life, put it in a reversed order.Performing Arts, Photography, Photojournalism2013
Spent 1 week in New York, found 1 thing at a time, photograph 1+ New York.Fine Arts, Photography, Photojournalism2012
Jim Campbell was born in 1956 in Chicago and educated at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, gifted electrical engineer Jim Campbell (as seen in Photo 1) is recognized around the world for his fusion of technology, art, and human relations.Fine Arts, Photography, Photojournalism2012
Henry Evans suffered a brain stem stroke at age 40 that left him paralyzed and mute. Robot maker Willow Garage helps Henry and his wife Jane in a project dubbed Robots for Humanity, which is exploring using a robot as a surrogate for Henry's paralyzed body. Henry controls the robot with minute head movements.
I documented a robot(PR2) test with Henry before a demo for a class from Stanford on a beautiful California afternoon in 2013. And I decided to mix in his story with my photographic series because that was what I was thinking all the time.Photography, Photojournalism2013
Back to the Roots was founded by Alejandro Velez & Nikhil Arora during their last semester at UC Berkeley in 2009. Two months away from graduation, and heading into the corporate world of investment banking & consulting, they came across the idea during a class lecture of being able to potentially grow gourmet mushrooms entirely on recycled coffee grounds. Inspired by the idea of turning waste into wages & fresh, local food, they experimented in Alex's fraternity kitchen, ultimately growing one test bucket of tasty oyster mushrooms on recycled coffee grounds. With that one bucket, some initial interest from Whole Foods & Chez Panisse and a $5,000 grant from the UC Berkeley Chancellor for social innovation, they decided to forget the corporate route, and instead, become full-time urban mushroom farmers!
Inspired by the idea of producing local, fresh food from what was an urban waste stream, Back to the Roots has since grown to create the Grow-Your-Own Mushroom Garden which lets anyone, across the country, grow their own gourmet mushrooms at home as well!Crafts, Photography, Photojournalism2012
Barn, farm, California.Photography2013
2 blocks in Berkeley CaliforniaPhotography2013
There is people who is paid by the national lowest waige to be surround by art from month to month, there is people paid millions to own a piece of art but never look at it, there is a girl waiting to get inspiration, there is a girl opens up her eyes seeing the unknown, and there is an artist under the spotlight, and an artist finding herself in her backyard.Photography, Photojournalism2013
The tower, its scale to people's mind is different.
Some are living around it, some are seeing it, some are in it and some are holding it all day and depending on it.Photography2013
James started gold digging from 16 years old. his fingers are white from soaking in the sand.
He showed me what he had over time, necklaces full of gold and silver rings. When the birds are hearing the sound of wave, James is hearing the sound of heavy metal.Photography2014
The day and night of Yellowstone.Photography2014
Places to sit.Photography2014
I have been working at Speck Design in silicon valley as an industrial designer for 8 years, worked for compaies like Apple,VW, fun small startup peoples too, and I also took the role as a photographer to put up a photo wall for fun. We only have about 30 or so people, but over these years, there are about 100 people standing in front of me, look at me through the lens.
They are industrial designers, mechanical engineers, graphic designers, researchers, interns, design leads, managers, people came together for good design and they are also my friends.
They come and go, but this is what I remember when they looked at me, and each others at the moment.Photography2013
The moist air blended with all the bounced lights creates a giant lens filter for the city. See through it.Photography2015
Spring break falls around 4/08 nation wide in USA. This is a California middle school, left with mark of teens.
by Feng Haoyu


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1857 25C PR65 Cameo NGC....
2013 January 9-14 US Coin FUN Signature Auction - Orlando #1181
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Orange County Convention Center
North/South Building
9400 Universal Blvd.
Orlando, FL 32819
|Printable auction results for all items in the 2013 January 9-14 US Coin FUN Signature Auction - Orlando.
Deeply Toned PR65 Cameo 1857 Quarter1857 25C PR65 Cameo NGC. Not only is this a conditionally scarce coin, it displays magnificent toning that provides a high degree of visual allure. The 1857 quarter is rarely found in proof format with only 15-20 examples believed known. As a Cameo coin, it is even rarer, with the highest PCGS-graded example being a single PR64+. Liberty is toned a shimmering gold color on this example, with iridescent deep teal and vibrant pink highlights near the top of her head and the cap. Those highlights repeat along the outer edges of the coin, with areas of red also present. The reverse displays light gold color primarily, however the outer edges are largely ringed by iridescent teal and orange. Census: 3 in 65 Cameo, 0 finer (11/12).(Registry values: P1) (PCGS# 85553)
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ORLANDO, FLA Microsoft Tech Ed Conference. Microsoft Conference attendees
were plagued with shared computer access issues on the Microsoft prepared
and installed Windows 2000 professional Network which utilized Compaq
Pentium III Deskpros. Attendees were assigned an id# and password from
which they could access e-mail, conference events and web access; unfortunately
it wasn't quite that easy.
Conference Attendees paid $1395 (USD) to attend the annual Microsoft Tech
Ed conference for administrative and development tips, in addition to
viewing the latest cutting edge software and hardware. While the educational
sessions went smoothly and the vendor trade show was a success; user access
to computers was miserable.
sitting at one Windows 2000 desktop we waited a solid five minutes just
to complete the logon process only to find that the wide area network
speeds and feeds were so poor as to make the entire process pointless.
More advanced Win2K users were using the 'NET SEND' command, (which allows
a user to send an immediate pop up window to every user on the network),
to air their concerns. A few examples of user comments include:
At the minimum
this is an embarrassment for Microsoft and should have been resolved prior
to the conference kick off. Even the typical Microsoft fanatics were more
than a little disgruntled.
After chatting with several companies planning their Windows 2000 migration
and/or upgrade, we were told that the problems encountered with the Microsoft
installed and configured network had raised numerous red flags in their
minds, prompting one company to refrain from moving forward until such
a time that a multiple node Windows 2000 network has been proved reliable
and useable.


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Rugby Union
Select a team
Six Nations
- England
- France
- Ireland
- Italy
- Scotland
- Wales
Aviva Premiership
- Bath
- Exeter
- Gloucester
- Harlequins
- Leicester
- London Irish
- London Welsh
- Newcastle
- Northampton
- Sale
- Saracens
- Wasps
The Rugby Championship
- Australia
- New Zealand
- South Africa
Guinness PRO12
- Cardiff Blues
- Connacht
- Dragons
- Edinburgh
- Glasgow
- Leinster
- Munster
- Ospreys
- Scarlets
- Treviso
- Ulster
- Zebre
Top 14
- Bayonne
- Bordeaux-Begles
- Brive
- Castres
- Clermont Auvergne
- Lyon
- Montpellier
- Racing Metro
- Stade Francais
- Toulon
- Toulouse
- Grenoble
- La Rochelle
- Oyonnax
Will Skinner
Quins escape further sanction
Friday 6th January 11:44
Harlequins have escaped further punishment over incidents that took place during their Heineken Cup victory in Toulouse last month.
Skinner banned for two weeks
Thursday 22nd December 15:45
Will Skinner has been handed a two-week suspension after being sent off during Harlequins' Heineken Cup win at Toulouse.
Evans - We can shock Stade
Saturday 6th December 09:33
Nick Evans insists Harlequins will head to Paris with nothing but a win on their minds as they prepare to take on Stade Francais.
Skinner - We can win it
Thursday 9th October 11:05
Will Skinner has told skysports.com there is no limit to what Harlequins can achieve in the upcoming Heineken Cup campaign.
Dowson to skipper Saxons
Wednesday 6th February 11:34
Newcastle Falcons captain Phil Dowson has been selected as captain of the England Saxons.
Quins snap up Skinner
Thursday 11th May 13:03
Harlequins have added Will Skinner to their lengthy list of summer acquisitions.
Tigers put their money on Tom
Thursday 24th November 16:21
Matt Cornwell and Will Skinner have plenty riding on Tom Varndell's England debut.
Will loving back-row battle
Friday 7th October 09:51
Will Skinner revealed his burning desire to hold onto the Leicester number seven jersey.
Rupert Cox's Off Load: Clermont, England Sevens and Jean Deysel come under scrutiny
Rupert Cox shares his highlights from the week's rugby action in his round-up blog.
Hits and tries
The biggest and toughest hits and tackles plus the best tries from the world of rugby union.
Rupert Cox's Off Load: Hurricanes, Toulouse and Nick Williams all come under scrutiny
Rupert Cox shares his highlights from the week's rugby action in his round-up blog.
Experts & Blogs
Phil Edwards
Read the thoughts and opinions of Phil Edwards with skysports.com


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League of Legends is a competitive online game set in an imaginative world. Gamers take the role of a powerful Summoner, calling forth and controlling brave Champions in battle. League of Legends is an action-RPG, combining elements from both strategy and role playing games. Enter the Fields of Justice with your most trusted allies as you fight for your right to rule the world of Valoran.
LOLz is a single-player Zombie defense mod for League of Legends
A visual modification for League of Legends, based on ENBSeries by Boris Vorontsov. Featured : smooth bloom effect, color correction and darker world!
This is modification for League of Legends consisting of complete retexture with custom structures for the map Summoners Rift. The mod only affects the...


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Giambattista Valli
colour block platform sandal
Out of stock
Unfortunately this item is out of stock
Black leather blend sandal pump from Giambattista Valli featuring a square suede toe, a contrasting red ankle strap, a padded satin platform sole in contrasting silver and a chunky suede high heel.
Item ID: 10282790
- Measurements:
- wedge: 5 centimetres, heel: 13 centimetres
- Outer Composition
- Suede 50%
- Lining Composition
- Silk 19%
- Outer Composition
- Leather 40%
- Brand Style ID
- Gbv437
Giambattista Valli's couture-like creations have found a loyal following due to their glamorous yet practical appeal, with the flawless finish of his pieces reflecting years spent honing his skills at renowned Italian fashion houses.
Your order will be shipped directly from the boutique to you. Farfetch ships worldwide using DHL and UPS, and you will be able to track your order at any time. The cost of shipping your order will be calculated at the checkout.
Import duties information
Delivery duties are included in the item price when shipping to all EU countries plus USA, China, Canada, Switzerland, Singapore, Australia, Japan, South Korea, Kuwait, Qatar, U.A.E, Saudi Arabia and Taiwan.This means all import duties are included in your order, so the price you see is the price you pay. You will not receive an additional duty bill from the courier to receive your shipment. If you are ordering from within your own customs zone or country, import duties will not be applicable anyway, however you may have to pay VAT or local Sales Taxes where applicable (for the UK and USA these are included at the checkout).
Delivery duties are not included in the item price when shipping to all other countries. This means you may be liable to pay import duties on receipt of your order.
Free returns pick-up
You have 14 days from receiving your order to return the item to the boutique using our free returns pick-up service. We strongly recommend that you book your free returns pick-up within 7 days of receiving your order to ensure that it arrives back to the boutique in time. Please note for standard orders we can only collect returns from the same country to which your order was delivered. For click and collect orders we can collect your return from the country your order was delivered to and also the country of the original boutique you ordered from. We are unable to accept returns of earrings for hygiene reasons. We are also unable to accept returns of fine Jewellery. Click here to read our full returns policy.


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Our Jewelry Armoire is a full-length mirror with a secret—it opens to hold and organize LOTS of jewelry! No more tangled necklaces and chains, no more missing earrings—they all fit.
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This is being shipped to a P.O. Box
This product has the following shipping restrictions:
Cannot ship to:
*Alaska, Hawaii
*Puerto Rico or other US possession
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Cannot ship via Expedited or Express delivery.
Can only be shipped as an individual package.
$25.00 per month
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© 2015 Seventh Avenue


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Direct locking in the barrel via six large locking lugs results in optimum shooting performance, maximum stability and utmost safety for the hunter. The highest safety demands are met by the enhanced, easy-to-handle 3-position safety SRS — Smooth Roll Safety — which acts directly on the firing pin. A roll on the inside of the safety provides an easy, precise and noiseless operation. The firing pin flange prevents the cartridge from igniting unless the chamber is completely closed. The crisp and clean 2-pound trigger pull promotes very accurate shooting.
The M12 Extreme comes with a rugged grey synthetic stock and soft touch coating for a good grip at all times. Likewise, the anti-slip, large synthetic bolt handle knob is made for fast, reliable repeating loading.
Loading the M12 is easy, either from above via the distinctive wide Mauser loading breach or using the high capacity, detachable staggered magazine. The rifle comes in a variety of standard and magnum calibers from .22-.250 Rem. to .338 Win. Mag., making it an ideal tool for most game on any terrain. The receiver is contoured identically to the Mauser 98, allowing for a variety of scope mounting options.
The M12 rifles will be available in April 2013. Visit our website for more information on the Mauser M12: www.mauser-m12.com.
I called Mauser USA located in San Antonio, Texas to ask the questions you guys have posted here.
They told me that Mauser in Germany makes the Mauser M12. For the wood stock model, retail is $1799 and for the synthetic stock $1499.
Here is the link to the Mauser USA website: http://www.mauserusa.net/Home.home.0.html?&L=1


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It's Getting Steamy in Here!
After months of me promising Steam would be coming to Linux, it's finally here. The early verdict: it's pretty great! The installer is a simple pre-packaged .deb file for Ubuntu (or Xubuntu in my case), and the user portion of the install looks very much like Windows or Macintosh. In my limited testing, I've found the Steam beta to be at least as stable as Desura. I also was impressed with the large number of my Steam games that have Linux versions ready to download and play.
If you were under the impression that Steam was going to be the next Duke Nukem Forever, I'm happy to say that you (and I) were wrong. Steam has finally come to Linux, which has the potential to change the way Linux users play games. It also means fewer reboots into Windows just to shoot a few zombies! Check it out at www.steamforlinux.com.
Shawn Powers is an Associate Editor for Linux Journal. You might find him chatting on the IRC channel, or Twitter
This is a good post. This
This is a good post. This post give truly quality information.I'm definitely going to look into it.Really very useful tips are provided here.thank you so much.Keep up the good works!
I would have liked (and
I would have liked (and expected) to see some performance tests to see if some of the Valve titles run better under Windows or under Linux.
Every Steam user sort of already knows that Steam is available for Linux, I'm curious if it performs better and if Steam is a viable platform with a future for Linux. I'll get around to installing it myself one of these days.
Steam Is BETA?
dai1313 is correct, this article is incorrect.
Actually, steam for linux officially released about a week ago.
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1. In a small cup, mix gelatin and milk. Keep it aside.
2. Place a heavy bottom pan on heat, and pour cream in it.
3. Add sugar and lemon zest. Bring it to a boil.
4. Then, pour gelatin milk mixture in pan. Stir constantly.
5. Remove pan from heat, and stir in vanilla extract. Mix well.
6. In serving glasses, pour the mixture. Let it cool.
7. Cover glasses with plastic sheet, and place it refrigerator for 4 hours.


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Powerful blizzard hits Cape Cod and the islands
A blizzard reduced visibility and dumped wind-whipped snow on Cape Cod and the islands of Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket today, but the storm was expected to have much less impact elsewhere in Massachusetts. (Produced by Anush Elbakyan, Globe Staff)
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Pro golfer problems
Don Bauder 9:15 p.m., June 29
Posted December 4, 2012
A welcome stop on the Alaska visitor's itinerary.
A short jaunt north of Anchorage, Alaska, is the quaint town of Talkeetna, considered the jumping-off point for climbers looking to tackle Mt. McKinley. Talkeetna suddenly swells in size starting in April through July. That's ...


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Live in Spanish Au Pair Needed - 12 months
We are looking for a female Spanish au pair to come and live with us in our beautiful home in Clifton and help us look after our 6 year old daughter and 4 year old son. We are a fun loving but busy family. Both my husband and I work and we need
- Temporary


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Acer unveils new tri-SIM, 4000mAh smartphone, Liquid X2
If you're wondering why you would ever need a smartphone that can house three SIM cards in its body, then you've probably never been to Asia, where dual SIM and now triple SIM devices seem to be flooding the market. Acer has unveiled one of their newest smartphones, and yes, it does have the ability to have three different numbers or carriers in its tiny body. Will the Acer Liquid X2 convince you that you need one in your life?


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Regional Living Wage discussed in Montgomery County
October 9, 2013 - 08:14 am
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WASHINGTON (WJLA) - Officials from D.C., Prince George's County and Montgomery County will talk about their coordinated effort to raise the minimum wage. The proposal would raise the minimum wage to $11.50 an hour.
Fourteen D.C. businesses are now pledging to pay their employees a so-called living wage. The move is in support of councilman Tommy Wells' Living Wage for All D.C. bill.


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Tong X, Li K, Luo Z, Lu B, Liu X, Wang T, Pang M, Liang B, Tan M, Wu M, Zhao J, Guo Y: Decreased TIP30 expression promotes tumor metastasis in lung cancer. Am J Pathol 2009, 174: 1931-1939
SPARC (Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cysteine) in Kidney Disease
Amy Sussman and colleagues at the University of Washington, Seattle found that SPARC may contribute to kidney disease. These findings are presented in the May 2009 issue of The American Journal of Pathology.
Chronic kidney disease is associated with significant injury and loss of podocytes, which are cells crucial for filtering the blood of toxins. SPARC, a counter-adhesive protein, is upregulated in podocytes upon injury.
To define the role of SPARC in kidney disease, Sussman et al examined immune-mediated kidney disease in mice deficient in SPARC as well as in normal mice. They found that hardening of the kidney was reduced in SPARC-null mice compared with normal controls, in part due to maintenance of podocytes. In addition, SPARC-deficient podocytes were more resistant to stress-induced detachment.
Sussman et al "have established a causal role for SPARC in the progression of glomerular disease following immune-mediated injury of the podocyte. [These] findings support a causal role for induction of the matricellular protein SPARC in mediating podocyte loss, thereby accelerating [kidney] injury."
Sussman AN, Sun T, Krofft RM, Durvasula RV: SPARC accelerates disease progression in experimental crescentic glomerulonephritis. Am J Pathol 2009, 174: 1827-1836
Gangliosides May Protect Against Parkinson's Disease
Researchers at the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neuroscience, Tokyo, Japan established the mechanism by which gangliosides may help tre
|Contact: Angela Colmone
American Journal of Pathology


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Today the band unleashes another scorching track from 'Rise To Power'. Loudwire is exclusively premiering the song entitled 'Spoiled'. Get your first listen to the track HERE.Read More
Twitching Tongues
Twitching Tongues recently flew across the Atlantic to perform a string of dates across Europe with fellow SoCal hardcore act, Disgrace. The tour included a June 19th performance at the tenth anniversary edition of Hellfest.Read More
The Black Dahlia Murder
The Black Dahlia Murder have returned with the much-anticipated, new full-length album 'Abysmal'. The world's first look into 'Abysmal' is via the track, 'Vlad, Son of The Dragon,' which is streaming now.Read More
Act of Defiance
In a time of endless sub-genre classifications, Act of Defiance's highly anticipated debut offering simply delivers in-your-face, uncompromising heavy metal. The scathing debut, 'Birth and The Burial', is set for an Aug. 21st release.Read More
Between the Buried and Me
Progressive metal band Between the Buried and Me have premiered the third single from 'Coma Ecliptic'! The track, titled 'Famine Wolf', is streaming now on Metal Injection!Read More
Rivers of Nihil
Rivers of Nihil unveils 'Monarchy', their sophomore full length album. The record will be available worldwide on Metal Blade Records on August 21, 2015. A brand new track, along with pre-order bundles, are available online now.Read More
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"War of Will" Available Everywhere Now. Click HERE to find a store near you!Read More
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Frederic K. Han: A Generous 'Emperor'
Published: June 2, 2002
One night a few years ago, Frederic K. Han called Craig Flinn to go out, but Mr. Flinn was taking his wife out for their anniversary. "In the course of the conversation he asked, `Where are you going?' and I told him," Mr. Flinn said.
"And sure enough," he added, "when we sit down, the maître d' comes over with a fabulous bottle of wine, a gift of the Emperor, as he liked to be called."
Douglas Park became friends with Mr. Han, 45, after meeting him at a wedding. "My idea was one day I'd open up a restaurant and he'd be the perfect maître d'," he said. "He would be a friend with every guest who came through the door."
Bruce Kim, whose sister married Mr. Han, said that as a senior vice president at Cantor Fitzgerald, Mr. Han had to be at work at 7 a.m., but would call his son, Eric, 11, around 7:30.
"Each and every morning he called him. His last words would always be, `I love you, have a good day, be a good boy, and take care of Mom.' "
"I think that kind of like says it all," Mr. Kim said. "He was a man, he was a father and he was a husband, and he said it every morning."


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Gear Review
Roger Ault
Marmot rocks!!!!!
Actually picked this up on geartrade. Just received it today. Been wearing it around in drizzle and gusting winds and temps in low 40's. So far it blocks wind surprisingly well and sheds water well. It has a nice stretchy feel. Breathes great so far but haven't been doing anything strenuous. I have even left it on indoors at work and haven't been uncomfortable by wearing a jacket indoors.
Update 11/30/11: After wearing this several times I have found the wind resistance less than I thought at first. It breathes amazingly well though. It does feel somewhat stretchy but actually stretches little at all.
Weighed my XXL at 1lb 5.4oz.
View More Details on Marmot Approach Softshell Jacket - Men's