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murmbfi HZUU WE L'ITEQCI Fl aoii Jan, 20, 1959 A. s. MOKAY ET AL iETl-IOD FOR TREATING SUBSURFACE FORMATIONS Filed Sept. 14, 1954 wm w v. o +U P Q N v 0 A ma F United States Patent METHOD OF TREATING SUBSURFACE FORMATIONS Alexander S. McKay, Bellaire, Tex., and Edmond F.
Egan, New Orleans, La., assignors to The Texas Company, New York, N. Y., a corporation of Delaware Application September 14, 1954, Serial No. 456,002
9 Claims. (Cl. 1664) This invention relates to a method for treating a subsurface earth formation, formation section, or zone traversed by a well or bore hole and, more particularly, to a method of forcing or injecting a treating fluid into such a formation in such a manner that the injection of all of said fluid will be confined to the particular area desired. The principal object of the invention is the provision of a method of this type by means of which a fluid such, for example, as an acid can be forced into a desired formation such, for example, as an oil section of a permeable formation which formation also contains another fluid or fluids such as water or gas, while providing such accurate control of the fluid to be injected that all of it will pass into the oil section rather than into sections of the formation containing water or gas and without th necessity of using well packers.
Another object of the invention is the provision of a method for rendering substantially uniform the permeability of a subsurface formation or zone traversed by a bore hole in order to provide a good distribution pattern for water-flooding or secondary recovery operations.
This application is a continuation-in-part of our copending application Serial No. 349,924, filed April 20, 1953, now abandoned.
As one example of the application of the invention, it is known to be frequently desirable to force a material such as hydrochloric acid into the oil-containing portion of a formation where the formation consists mainly of a tight limestone. In many instances the oil-bearing section overlies a water-containing section of the formation, and frequently a gas-bearing section overlies the oil section. It is desirable, of course, that the acid be confined to the oil section so that the limestone will be dissolved or opened up to permit the oil to flow into the well. In the past, it has been necessary to provide rather complicated equipment, including flow tubing and packers set both above and below the oil section so that the acid flowing out of the tubing will enter the oil section without passing into the gas or Water section. This is obviously a time-consuming and expensive operation. Furthermore, the packers in the hole cannot control or direct the acid, once it leaves the hole, so as to confine it to the oil section.
As another example, the hydraulic rupturing or fracturing of oil formations has recently come into considerable use, and in this method a liquid under very high pressure is forced into a formation in such a manner that fractures or cracks are formed in the walls of the formation to increase the effective permeability and to permit oil or gas to flow more freely into the well. This operation has also required the use of carefully set packers.
The method to be described has proven to be capable of injecting fluids into formations with such accurate control that it now appears to be practicable for the first time to inject any given amount of fluid into any desired interval or area along the bore hole. This makes it possible to change the permeability or permeability profile of at Wed one which is more desirable. In the case of producing wells, one would presumably wish to increase the permeability opposite the oil-producing zones and to decrease the permeability opposite the water or gas-producing zones. In the case of water injection Wells in a water-flooding or secondary recovery operation, one would adjust the permeability profile so that the Water front would tend to move ahead uniformly at different depths in the oil-containing formation being flooded.
In accordance with the invention, the acid or other treating fluid to be injected into a predetermined formation or section is pumped downwardly in the bore hole through a pipe string to a depth substantially opposite the section into which the fluid is to be injected. Simultaneously therewith two other streams of fluid are pumped downwardly in the bore hole, one of these passing down through a string of tubing to a point below the formation section to be flooded while the other stream passes down through the annulus between the pipe string and the easing. The fluid to be injected into the desired formation or formation section has incorporated in it a substance which will render the fluid identifiable, and this spbgt apce may be a radioagtiy e traceiainthe form of ground carnotite,@ ac ti ggin e 9r t he like. With the three bodies of fluid in the hole, interfaces will exist between the traceable fluid and the fluid therebeneath and also between the traceable fluid and the upper fluid. Means are provided in the form of radiation detectors which can be passed through the bore hole, preferably through the tubing, for locating these interfaces in the bore hole. By adjusting or controlling the pumping rates of the three streams of fluid passing into the bore hole and by following the interfaces between the traceable fluid and the other fluid, the interfaces can be positioned and maintained at depths substantially opposite the upper and lower contacts or formation fluid interfaces in the formation containing the oil section. While the term fluid has been used, it is to be understood that the streams can be either of liquid or gas although liquid will generally be used.
When it is desired to increase the permeability of, say, a limestone formation, one usually injects acid into the formation as has been described. Since many formations have little vertical permeability it may be desirable to adjust the permeability of the formation over short steps of perhaps a few feet each. For example, one might wish to double the permeability of a three-foot interval. To do this the operator would place the two interfaces one at the top and the other at the bottom of this threefoot interval by adjusting the flow rates of the three streams. The acid would be introduced into the threefoot section between the two interfaces and the acid injection rate will be gradually increased in order to keep the two interfaces in their original position as the permeability of this section gradually increases. This process will be continued until the acid injection rate has increased to the amount that corresponds to the desired permeability of this three-foot section.
In the same manner described above in connection with the injection of acid, the permeability of any desired interval or section can be reduced by any desired amount when a suitable diluted plugging agent is used instead of the acid. Such a plugging agent may be a drilling mud, a mixture of bentonite and drilling mud or bentonite and drilling mud as a carrier for, say, ground limestone, cottonseed bulls and the like. The procedure is similar to that already described except that the injection rate of the plugging fluid will gradually be reduced in order to maintain the two interfaces in their original position and the plugging process will be stopped when the injection rate has fallen to the desired value.
In both the acidizing and the plugging processes it is necessary to spread the action over a reasonable amount of time while the positions of the interfaces are etermined by moving the radiation detectors every few minutes. If the permeability change brought about by the injection of acid or plugging material in the time interval that is required to locate the interfaces is too large, it may be necessary to inject the acid or the plugging material in slugs and to follow each slug by a comparatively large amount of other fluid. Each slug of plugging material will be small enough that it will accomplish only a small part of the desired permeability change but the process will be continued until the desired permeability has been attained.
In carrying out the invention in connection with a water-flooding or secondary recovery operation the steps set forth above can be repeated at different depths for injecting any desired fluid into the formation sections or zones; thus acid can be injected into one section to in crease its permeability, a plugging fluid into another section to decrease its permeability and so on, so that the ultimate result will be to render substantially uniform the permeability of the entire formation or zone to be used for water flooding.
Since with this method it is possible to place or spot almost any plugging agent in fluid form exactly where it is needed, the operation will be somewhat simpler when one desires to completely plug off a given section or interval. For example, fractured shale can be plugged with a mixture of drilling mud, ground limestone and cottonseed hulls, this material being injected into the section at gradually reduced rates until the two interfaces continue to spread apart at an extremely low rate of injection.
For a better understanding of the invention, reference may be had to the accompanying drawing in which Fig. 1 is a vertical sectional elevation of a well or bore hole traversing a permeable formation, while Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic vertical elevation showing a slightly modified form of the apparatus of Fig. 1.
Referring to the drawing, a bore hole is illustrated as passing through a formation 12 which may consist of a limestone and which may comprise water, oil and gasbearing sections. These sections are indicated respectively by the reference characters 14, 16, and 18. A formation fluid interface or contact will exist between the water and oil sections of the formation and another formation fluid interface 22 will exist between the oil and the gas-bearing section.
The upper portion of the well is provided with a conventional casing 24 closed at the top by means of a suitable casing head 26. Shown as passing down through the bore hole to a point approximately opposite the oil section 16 is a string of pipe 28 closed at its upper end as indicated at 30. Also extending down through the bore hole and preferably through the pipe 28 is a string of smaller tubing 32, this tubing extending to a point or depth preferably below the formation 12 or at least below the oil-bearing section 16. A pump 34 is connected to the pipe string 28 through a suitable meter 36 and serves to pump downwardly therethrough a treating fluid 38 such as hydrochloric acid to which a tracer such as a radioactive material has been previously added. A pump 40 is connected to the upper end of the tubing 32 through a meter 42 and serves to pump a non-radioactive liquid 44 downwardly into the bore hole through the tubing where it passes from the lower end at a point below the acid 38. An interface 46 will exist between the traceable fluid, i. e., the acid 38 and the liquid 44. The liquid 44 may be drilling mud and may have a higher density than the acid 38, although this is not always essential.
A third pump 46 is connected to the casing head 26 through the meter 48 and serves to pump another stream of non-radioactive liquid 50 downwardly through the annular space between the pipe string 28 and the casing 24 or the walls of the bore hole. The liquid 50 may be oil, having a density less than the acid 38. An interface 52 will likewise exist between the acid 38 and the upper liquid 50. By properly adjusting or controlling the pumping rates of the three liquid streams, the interfaces 46 and 52 can be moved up or down within the bore hole and either closer together or farther apart. By holding the interfaces 46 and 52 opposite the formation fluid interfaces 20 and 22 respectively, the acid 38 will be forced or squeezed into the oil section 16. The liquids 44 and 50 passing into the water and gas sections will confine the acid to the oil section.
Shown as suspended within the tubing 32 on a conductor cable 54 is a plurality, four in this instance, of gamma ray detectors indicated at 56, 58, 6t) and 62. These detectors are arranged in slightly separated pairs as is indicated in the drawing. The cable 54 passes upwardly over a suitable cable-measuring device 64 which will indicate or register continuously the depth of the radiation detectors in the bore hole. The cable then passes to an amplifying and recording device 66 which will record the outputs of the radiation detectors, preferably on am oving tape. If desired, separate recording devices may be used, one for each of the detectors 56, 58, 60 and 62.
As is shown in the drawing, the radiation detectors are connected to the conductor cable 54 in such a manner that the lower detectors 60 and 62 will be slightly sepaarted in a vertical direction and the upper pair of detectors 56 and 58 will be separated from the lower pair so that the mid-points between the two pairs of detectors will be spaced apart by the approximate thickness of the oil section 16.
In operation, the detectors may be run downwardly in the bore hole on the cable 54 to a depth such that the mid-points of the upper pair will be approximately opposite the oil-gas fluid interface or contact 22 and the mid-points of the lower pair of detectors will be approximately opposite the water-oil interface or contact 20. With the radiation detectors positioned in the hole as described, the pumps 34, 40 and 46 are adjusted to control the rates of pumping or injection of the three liquids 38, 44 and 50 so that the liquid interfaces 46 and 52 will be at the same depth or depths as the mid-points between the pairs of detectors 5658 and 69-62. In this position the detectors 56 and 62 will be opposite non-radioactive fluid while the other detectors 58 and 60 will be opposite the radioactive fluid 38, and the latter detectors will therefore have a considerably higher output than the detectors 56 and 62. This will be indicated in the record or records being made at 66. During this period, the radioactive fluid, i. e., the acid 38, will be forced into the oil section 16 while the nonradioactive fluids 44 and 50 will be forced into the water and gas sections 14 and 18 respectively. Since the three liquids are passing into the three sections at controlled rates, the acid 38 will be confined within the boundaries 20 and 22 of the oil section 16, and little, if any, of this acid will pass upwardly or downwardly into the gas or water sections 14 and 18. It is apparent that if packers were used above and below the body of acid 38, these packers would have no control over the flow of the acid after it leaves the bore hole, or, in other words, the acid could pass upwardly past the formation fluid interface 22 into the gas section and downwardly past the oil-water contact 20 into the water section.
Although the apparatus which has been described involves the use of two concentric strings of tubing 28 and 32, it is to be understood that this arrangement is not essential. Thus a somewhat simpler arrangement may be used such as is illustrated in Fig. 2. In this case the larger diameter pipe or tubing 28 is eliminated and the smaller tubing string 32a is shortened so that its lower end is opposite the formation or zone to be treated, for example, the oil section 16. A string of smaller diameter tubing or pipe 70, frequently referred to as a macaroni string, is attached to the outside of the tubing 32a in any suitable manner such as by clamping bands 72, and this string extends downwardly below the tubing 32a far enough so that its lower end will be below the contact plane 20.
If desired, the macaroni string 70 can be terminated opposite the zone 16 to be treated while the tubing 32a can extend down below the zone to be treated. In this case the radiation letectors can be kept at all times within the tubing 32a and will not be in direct contact with the acid.
The operation with the apparatus illustrated in Fig. 2 is substantially the same as that previously described with reference to the apparatus illustrated in Fig. l. The treating fluid is forced by means of pump 34a through the meter 36a and down the tubing string 32a so that it will pass out of the lower end thereof opposite the oil section 16. As is the case with the embodiment previously described, this treating fluid 38 may be made radioactive. At the same time a non-radioactive fluid 44 will be forced as by means of the pump 40a through the meter 42a and downwardly through the small string 70 from the lower end of which it will pass outwardly and into the water section 14, as indicated by the arrows. Simultaneously with the pumping of the fluids 38 and 44 the other non-radioactive fluid 50 will be forced by the pump 46a through the meter 48a and downwardly between the casing 24 and the exterior of the strings 32a and 70. The conductor cable 54 passes down through the tubing 32a and from this cable are suspended the radiation detectors 56, 58, 60 and 62 in the manner previously described. In this case the lower detectors 60 and 62 will hang down below the tubing string 32a but their function will be the same as that already set forth; that is, the detectors 6t) and 62 will, respectively, be above and below the interface 46 while the detectors 56 and 58 will, respectively, be above and below the interface 52 during the injection or treating operation, and as has been described, the operator in observing the responses of the detectors will adjust the pumping rates of the three fluid streams so as to maintain the upper interface 52 opposite the contact plane 22 and the lower interface 46 opposite the contact plane 20.
Although the lower liquid 44 has been described as having a density higher than the intermediate liquid 38 and the upper liquid 50 as having a density lower than the liquid 33, experience has shown that the desired interfaces can be maintained when the three liquids have the same density and even when the lower liquid is less dense than the one above it, providing that substantial flow rates are maintained. Thus, an acidizing operation can be conducted where water is used as the lower liquid 44 and also as the upper liquid 50.
While the invention has been described and illustrated as used in the acidization of an oil section lying between gas and water sections of the formation, it is to be understood that there are many instances where one of these fluids is not present. Thus, the formation may contain water and oil, oil and gas, or water and gas, and the method of the invention is equally applicable in situations of this kind. The principal purpose of the method is, as has been stated hereinbefore, to confine the injection of a particular fluid, such as an acid or a plugging fluid to a particular formation or formation section.
It is also to be understood that instead of utilizing four radiation detectors arranged in vertically separated pairs, as is shown in the drawing, the method can be carried out using a single detector by moving the detector up and down through the tubing 32 while observing the depth of the detector and by noting indications in the log or record that the detector is passing either the lower or the upper interface 46 or 52, respectively. Likewise, two detectors may be used and arranged on the cable 54 so that one detector will be substantially opposite the formation fluid interface 22 While the other will be opposite the interface 20.
Although the invention has been described generally with respect to the selective acidization of an oil formation or section, it is contemplated that the method can be used in many other ways. Recently considerable work has been done in formation fracturing and in such a method a liquid is forced under high pressure into a formation so as to rupture or provide cracks or fractures in the formation to increase its effective permeability and permit an easier flow of gas or oil into a well. The fracturing liquid usually contains sand which serves to fill and prop the fractures or crevices which are formed. It is contemplated in the present case that the treating liquid 38 may be a sand-containing oil or other liquid which it is desired to force into the section 18 to cause fracturing of the formation. The method of doing this would be substantially the same as has been described, or, in other words, the fracturing liquid 38 containing the propping material would be positioned between upper and lower liquids, all under high pressure, and the fracturing liquid containing the propping material would therefore be forced out into the resulting cracks or fractures in section 16. The fracturing liquid 38 could be made radioactive as described with reference to the acid, or, if desired, this liquid could be nonradioactive while both of the liquids 44 and 50 would be radioactive and the method for locating the interfaces 46 and 52 would be substantially that which has been described. Again, the fracturing liquid may be an acid.
While the intermediate liquid 38, i. e., the liquid to be injected into the desired formation or section, has been described as containing the radioactive tracer, it is to be understood that this is not essential and that the intermediate liquid 38 can be non-radioactive while the upper liquid 50 and the lower liquid 44 are made radioactive. It is merely necessary that the liquid at one side of each interface 46 or 52 be radioactive while the liquid of the other side is non-radioactive.
Again, although radioactive materials or tracers have been described as the means for identifying either the intermediate or the upper and the lower liquid streams, it is contemplated that either the intermediate liquid 38 or the upper and lower liquids 50 and 44 can contain a neutron reactive material such, for example, as a boron compound and that the interface between the boron-containing liquid and liquid which does not contain the boron can be located by incorporating Within a radiation detecting instrument housing a small source of neutrons. When neutrons from such a source pass outwardly into the surrounding liquid, gamma rays will be induced in the liquid and their intensity will depend upon whether the liquid contains the boron compound which, as is well known, will absorb a large number of the neutrons before they have a chance to induce gamma rays within the water. A method of this type for use in making an injectivity permeability profile log of a bore hole is disclosed in the copending application of E. F. Egan, Gerhard Herzog and A. S. McKay, Serial No. 463,998 filed October 22, 1954, as a continuation-in-part of Serial No. 349,817, filed April 20, 1953, now abandoned.
In addition to the method of uniformizing a formation or section one may wish to adjust the permeabilities of the various sections in such a way that they would be proportional to the porosities of the sections. This will apply either to permeability and/or porosity variations in a single formation or in different formations when the fluid is being simultaneously injected into more than one formation. This will tend to make the front of the water flood move along at the same rate in the different formations.
Obviously many other modifications and variations of the invention, as hereinbefore set forth, may be made without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, but
7 only such limitations should be imposed as are indicated in the appended claims.
We claim:
1. The method of rendering more uniform the permeability of the sections including too permeable sections and lesser permeable sections making up a predetermined formation traversed by an'uncased well bore hole, each of said sections having upper and lower boundaries, which comprises pumping a first stream oftreating fluid into said bore hole to a depth approximately opposite the section into which it is desired to inject said fluid, said fluid being selected from the. group consisting of acidizing fluids and plugging agent fluids having the property of changing the permeability of said section, simultaneously pumping second and third streams of fluid of a different character into said bore hole above and below the first-named fluid thereby producing interfaces between the body of the first-named fluid and the said second and third fluids respectively, locating 'saiclinterfaces and controlling the pumping rates of the three fluid streams so as to maintain said interfaces substantially opposite the upper and lower boundaries of said section, then changing the depth of the point of introduction of said treating fluid while simultaneously introducing said second and third fluids respectively above and below the treating fluid to establish interfaces at new locations to alter the permeability of another section and repeating said steps to thereby decrease the permeabilities of the too permeable sections While increaisng the permeabilities of the lesser permeable sections so that the perme abilities of the formation sections will be rendered more uniform.
2. The method of accurately injecting a given amount of treating fluid into a predetermined vertical interval of a permeable formation traversed by a well bore, which comprises pumping a metered stream of said treating fluid and introducing the same into said bore hole and into contact with the permeable formation at a depth approximately opposite said interval, simultaneously pumping a second stream of a non-treating, fluid and introducing the same into said bore hole and into contact with said permeable formation at a depth below that of said first named treating fluid introduction, simultaneously pumping a third stream of non-treating fluid and ,introducing the same into said bore hole and into contact with said permeable formation above said first named treating fluid, one of the group consisting of 1) said first named treating fluid and (2) said non-treating fluids containing a tracer material, positioning detecting means for said tracer material in said bore hole opposite the upper and lower extremities respectively of said predetermined vertical interval of the permeable formation, adjusting the pumping rates of said first and second streams to adjust and accurately locate the interface between said first named treating fluid and said non-treating fluid therebelow at said lower extremity, adjusting the pumping rate of said third stream relative to said first stream to adjust and accurately locate the interface between said first named treating fluid and said non-treating fluid thereabove at said upper extremity, and continuing the pumping of all three streams at rates to maintain said interfaces approximately at said upper and lower extremities respectively until the given amount of said first named treating fluid has been introduced into said predetermined vertical interval of the permeable formation.
3. The method as defined in claim 2, wherein said tracer material is a radioactive substance, and the positioning of said detecting means is accomplished by lowering into the bore hole to depth of said vertical interval two interconnected radiation detectors which are vertically spaced from each other a distance approximately equal to the length of said vertical interval.
4. The method as defined in claim 2, wherein said tracer material is a radioactive substance, and the positioning of said detecting means is accomplished by lowering into the bore hole to depth of said vertical interval four interconnected radiation detectors vertically arranged in two pairs, one pair being vertically separated from the otherpair by a distance approximately equal to the length of said vertical interval, and the detectors of each pair being vertically slightly separated from each other.
5. The method as defined in claim 2, wherein said first named treating fluid is an acid for increasing the permeability of said vertical interval of the formation, and wherein the acid injection rate is gradually increased relative to the pumping rates of said second and third streams as the permeability of said vertical interval of the formation increases.
6. The method asdefined in claim 2, wherein said first named treating fluid is a plugging material for decreasing the permeability of said vertical interval of the formation, and wherein the pumping rate of said plugging material stream is graduallyreduced relative to the pumping rates of said second and thirdstreams until finally the said two interfaces tend to spread apart at a low pumping rate of said plugging material stream.
7. The method as defined in claim 2, wherein said first named treating fluid is a liquid containing a propping agent which is thus spotted in the well bore at the desired location, and the resulting fluid column including the said spotted liquid containing the propping agent is then placed under sufiicient pressure to effect fracturing of the formation surrounding the well bore which is contacted by said fluid column, whereby the said liquid containing the propping agent penetrates any fractures formed along said predetermined interval and the propping agent will then maintain open any such fractures formed along the predetermined interval when said pressure is released.
8. The method in the fracturing of a formation traversed by a well bore which comprises spotting a treating fluid containinga propping material within a predetermined vertical extent of the well bore while confining thesaid treating fluid to within the upper and lower boundaries of said vertical extent by the injection of fluid essentially free of propping material into the well bore both above and below the said treating fluid to establish upper and lower interfaces between said treating fluid and said second mentioned fluid within said predetermined vertical extent, and applying sufficient pressure on the resulting fluid column in the well bore to result in fracture of the formation contacted by said fluid column, whereby any introduction of propping material into resulting cracks in the formation is essentially confined to that portion of the formation opposite the said predetermined vertical extent of the well bore.
9. The method in the fracturing of a formation traversed by a well bore which comprises injecting a treating fluid containing a propping material into a well bore intermediate upper and lower bodies of injected fluid essentially free from propping material to establish upper and lower interfaces between the said treating fluid and the said other fluid, locating the said interfaces and adjusting the positions of said interfaces to lie within upper and lower boundaries of a predetermined vertical extent of the well bore, and then applying sufficient pressure to the resulting fluid column in the well bore to result in fracture of any formation, whereby the introduction of propping material into the resulting cracks in the formation is essentially confined to that portion of the formation opposite the said predetermined extent of the well bore.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,259,429 Simmons Oct. 14, 1941 2,450,265 Wolf Sept. 28, 1948 2,524,933 Silverman Oct. 10, 1950 2,596,843 Farris May 13, 1952 2,676,662 Ritzmann Apr. 27, 1954 2,700,734 Egan et al Jan. 25, 1955
Patent Citations
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Stars: Jaume Figueras, Crisol Tuà, Monts Llussà, Àlex Gorina
Votes: 112
19. 15 Years and One Day (2013)
96 min | Drama
Margo is struggling to deal with her son, Jon a rebellious and free-spirited teenager who runs with a bad crowd. After Jon is expelled from school, Margo sends him to live with his ... See full summary »
Writers: Santos Mercero, Gracia Querejeta | Director: Gracia Querejeta | Stars: Tito Valverde, Maribel Verdú, Arón Piper, Belén López
Votes: 529
20. Días de cine (1991– )
60 min | News
Antonio Gasset hosts this show in which recently released movies and DVDs are thoughtfully discussed, in a documentary-like way.
Stars: Antonio Gasset, Cayetana Guillén Cuervo, Henar Álvarez, Elena S. Sánchez
Votes: 135
21. Lucky Star (1997)
110 min | Drama
Marina, a woman with a glass eye, has the bad luck to be the victim of an assault witnessed by Rafael, a goodhearted butcher, who rescues her from her attacker, a man named Daniel. Rafael ... See full summary »
Writers: Álvaro del Amo, Pedro Costa, Ricardo Franco, Ángeles González Sinde, Carlos Pérez Merinero | Director: Ricardo Franco | Stars: Antonio Resines, Maribel Verdú, Jordi Mollà, Elvira Mínguez
Votes: 1,054
22. Felices 140 (2015)
98 min | Comedy, Drama
Writers: Santos Mercero, Gracia Querejeta | Director: Gracia Querejeta | Stars: Maribel Verdú, Antonio de la Torre, Marian Álvarez, Eduard Fernández
Votes: 122
23. The Blind Sunflowers (2008)
98 min | Drama
Ourense, Spain, 1940. Every time that Elena locks the door, she locks her secrets. Her husband Ricardo spend years hidden in his house with his children (Elenita and Lorenzo), trying to ... See full summary »
Writers: Rafael Azcona, José Luis Cuerda, Alberto Méndez | Director: José Luis Cuerda | Stars: Maribel Verdú, Javier Cámara, Raúl Arévalo, Roger Príncep
Votes: 901
24. People in Places (2013)
79 min | Comedy, Drama
A number of different sketches with no correlation.
Writers: Juan Cavestany, Miguel Esteban, Franz Kafka, Nacho Marraco | Director: Juan Cavestany | Stars: Raquel Guerrero, Jorge Cabrera, David Luque, Diego Martín
Votes: 451
25. De tu ventana a la mía (2011)
98 min | Drama
Interwoven emotions and struggles of three women of different generations aiming to build the lives they desire, their own future, love and dreams. All of them lose the love of their lives ... See full summary »
Writer: Paula Ortiz | Director: Paula Ortiz | Stars: Maribel Verdú, Leticia Dolera, Luisa Gavasa, Roberto Álamo
Votes: 223
26. The Mudboy (2007)
103 min | Crime, Drama, Horror
Police try to hunt down a serial killer in 1912 Buenos Aires.
Writers: Jorge Algora, Christian Busquier, Héctor Carré, Lidia Fraga | Director: Jorge Algora | Stars: Maribel Verdú, Daniel Freire, Chete Lera, Abel Ayala
Votes: 487
27. Lisístrata (2002)
89 min | Comedy
411 BC, Sparta and Athens are in a endless war, but Lisistrata, a beautiful woman has an idea to stop the fight, and convinces all the women to do it: no sex until there is peace.
Writers: Aristophanes, Francesc Bellmunt, Ralf König, Joan Ripollés | Director: Francesc Bellmunt | Stars: Maribel Verdú, Juan Luis Galiardo, Javier Gurruchaga, Eduardo Antuña
Votes: 373
28. The Zone (2007)
R | 97 min | Drama, Thriller
Residents of an enclosed neighborhood in the middle of Mexico DF are shocked by a violent crime, and for one resident in particular, young Alejandro, the drama is ratcheted up when he encounters the lone kid who escaped the event and is hiding out within the neighborhood's borders.
Writer: Laura Santullo | Director: Rodrigo Plá | Stars: Daniel Giménez Cacho, Daniel Tovar, Alan Chávez, Carlos Bardem
Votes: 4,145
29. Jericho Mansions (2003)
R | 98 min | Drama, Mystery, Thriller
A murder in an old apartment building leads the superintendent to suspect everyone, and eventually himself, of the murder.
Writers: Harriet Sand, Alberto Sciamma | Director: Alberto Sciamma | Stars: James Caan, Geneviève Bujold, Jennifer Tilly, Maribel Verdú
Votes: 753
30. Corazón de... (1997– )
30 min
Stars: Anne Igartiburu, Alejandra Navas, Jose Toledo, Yolanda Vázquez
Votes: 91
31. Soldadito español (1988)
96 min | Comedy, Drama
Writers: Rafael Azcona, Antonio Giménez Rico | Director: Antonio Giménez Rico | Stars: Maribel Verdú, Juan Luis Galiardo, María Garralón, Luis Escobar
Votes: 56
32. Year of Enlightment (1986)
105 min | Comedy
April, 1940. Manolo, 16 years old, and Jesus, who is just 8, are taken by their older brother Pepe, a lieutenant in the Army, to a sanatorium for children suffering from tuberculosis, ... See full summary »
Writers: Rafael Azcona, Manuel Huete, Fernando Trueba | Director: Fernando Trueba | Stars: Jorge Sanz, Maribel Verdú, Verónica Forqué, Manuel Alexandre
Votes: 316
33. Tuno negro (2001)
R | 110 min | Drama, Horror, Thriller
Students of the university of Salamanca are brutally murdered by a black masked minstrel. Alex, an architecture student who has recently moved to Salamanca discovers a pattern behind the ... See full summary »
Writers: Pedro L. Barbero, Vicente J. Martín | Directors: Pedro L. Barbero, Vicente J. Martín | Stars: Silke, Jorge Sanz, Fele Martínez, Patxi Freytez
Votes: 848
34. Ovejas negras (1990)
84 min
Writer: José María Carreño | Director: José María Carreño | Stars: Maribel Verdú, José Sazatornil, Juan Diego Botto, Gabino Diego
Votes: 10
35. AM - Antes del mediodía (2006– )
150 min | Family, News, Talk-Show
Stars: Leo Montero, Verónica Lozano, Pia Shaw, Barbie Simons
Votes: 14
36. Siete mesas de billar francés (2007)
116 min | Drama
Angela and her young son Guille travel to the big city to see Leo, her father and the boy's grandfather, when he suddenly takes ill. However, they arrive to discover that he has just passed... See full summary »
Writers: David Planell, Gracia Querejeta | Director: Gracia Querejeta | Stars: Maribel Verdú, Blanca Portillo, Jesús Castejón, Víctor Valdivia
Votes: 416
37. ¿Qué fue de Jorge Sanz? (2010)
Creators: Jorge Sanz, David Trueba | Stars: Jorge Sanz, Eduardo Antuña, Antonio Resines, Rosa Boladeras
Votes: 125
38. Stormy Weather (2003)
87 min | Drama, Romance
Writers: Miguel Ángel Fernández, Alicia Giménez Bartlett, Joaquín Górriz | Director: Pedro Olea | Stars: Maribel Verdú, Jorge Sanz, Darío Grandinetti, María Barranco
Votes: 138
39. La estanquera de Vallecas (1987)
106 min | Comedy, Drama, Thriller
Writers: José Luis Alonso de Santos, Gonzalo Goicoechea, Eloy de la Iglesia | Director: Eloy de la Iglesia | Stars: Emma Penella, José Luis Gómez, José Luis Manzano, Maribel Verdú
Votes: 298
40. Dream Kiss (1992)
119 min | Thriller
The gorgeous Margot supports her aged father by seducing men on trains, slipping them a Mickey Finn (a beso de sueño) and robbing them of money and jewelry. One night her victim is a ... See full summary »
Writers: Rafael Moreno Alba, Miguel Postolache | Director: Rafael Moreno Alba | Stars: Maribel Verdú, Juan Diego, Eusebio Poncela, Tony Isbert
Votes: 97
41. Como estrellas fugaces (2012)
95 min | Comedy
Writers: Valentina Capecci, Anna Di Francisca, Giuseppe Furno, Javier Muñoz | Director: Anna Di Francisca | Stars: Héctor Alterio, Eduard Fernández, Serena Grandi, Predrag Manojlovic
Votes: 19
42. 27 horas (1986)
81 min
Writers: Montxo Armendáriz, Elías Querejeta | Director: Montxo Armendáriz | Stars: Martxelo Rubio, Maribel Verdú, Jon San Sebastián, André Falcon
Votes: 164
43. Versión española (1998– )
News, Talk-Show
Veteran Spanish TV show hosted by actress Cayetana Guillén Cuervo with weekly screenings of current Spanish movies. The show's complemented by interviews to the directors, actors, producers... See full summary »
Stars: Cayetana Guillén Cuervo, Eduardo Noriega, Fernando Trueba, José Sacristán
Votes: 51
44. A escena (2009–2013)
Stars: Anna Pérez Pagès, Oriol Broggi, Sergi Belbel, Àlex Rigola
45. Ànima (2009– )
Stars: Toni Puntí, Jofre Font, Júlia Bertran, Txe Arana
Votes: 6
46. Pasapalabra (2000– )
30 min | Game-Show
Stars: Christian Gálvez, Silvia Jato, Constantino Romero, Jaime Cantizano
Votes: 62
47. Divendres (2009– )
Stars: Espartac Peran, Xavi Coral, Tian Riba, Ana Boadas
Votes: 11
48. La punta del iceberg (2015)
Thriller | Post-production
A large multinational company is shaken by the suicide of three employees. The company sends a directive, Sofia Cuevas, to conduct an internal investigation. She discovers an unhealthy work... See full summary »
Writers: José Amaro Carrillo, David Cánovas, Alberto García Martín, Antonio Tabares | Director: David Cánovas | Stars: Maribel Verdú, Álex García, Bárbara Goenaga, Fernando Cayo
49. Página 2 (2007– )
30 min | Talk-Show
Stars: Òscar López, Desirée de Fez, Rosa Montero, Julia Navarro
Votes: 13
50. Buenafuente (2005–2011)
90 min | Comedy, Music, Talk-Show
Stars: Andreu Buenafuente, Miquel Company Costa, Joan Eloi Vila, Edu Soto
Votes: 192

subset: commoncrawl


text:
We created Pandora to put the Music Genome Project directly in your hands
It's a new kind of radio –
stations that play only music you like
I Don't Care
Features of This Trackelectronica influences
r & b influences
mild rhythmic syncopation
heavy use of vocal harmonies
major key tonality
a vocal-centric aesthetic
paired vocal harmony
acoustic rhythm guitars
These are just a few of the hundreds of attributes cataloged for this track by the Music Genome Project.show more
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I had to do this one for my girls you know.
Sometimes you gotta act like you don't care, that's the only way you boys learn.~
This is what I call true Sh¡t. This is so true for so many people out there. Yup, just Got to Love their music for these reasons.


text:
Originally written on Fox Sports Florida | Last updated 12/28/12
NEW ORLEANS -- Most of them lurked in the shadows three years ago when the Gators were last here for the Sugar Bowl. They were on the team but it wasn't their team. The 2009 Florida team that trampled Cincinnati to cap a 13-1 season belonged to a group of upperclassmen led by seniors Tim Tebow and Brandon Spikes. Florida's starting lineup that night featured 16 players on NFL rosters this season. Freshmen such as Frankie Hammond, Jon Bostic and Omarius Hines played in the game but didn't start. Hammond had four tackles on special teams. Running back Mike Gillislee highlighted Florida's freshmen playing in their first bowl game, rushing for a game-high 78 yards on five carries. Kicker Caleb Sturgis made six extra-points and had a field goal. Josh Evans had a tackle. Overall, 10 current Florida seniors played in the victory over Cincinnati with offensive lineman Xavier Nixon, then a true freshman, the only one in the starting lineup at left tackle. They returned to the Superdome...
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Symphony Tour of Homes
Kiawah Island featured on 17th Annual Symphony Tour of Homes
For the past 16 years, the Symphony Tour of Homes has been known for showcasing a wide variety of outstanding residences, each unique in its architectural and interior design, reflecting the varied interests and lifestyles of their owners, and this year is no exception. This year's tour featured an interesting mix of properties, some remodeled and others new, from a small villa to large homes.
On Saturday, November 1, 2014, guests toured these exceptional homes, enhanced by live music provided by CSOL scholarship recipients and Charleston Symphony Orchestra musicians. They also enjoyed a free concert on The Green at Freshfields Village featuring the Charleston Symphony Orchestra, sponsored by the Town of Kiawah Island Cultural Events Fund.
Proceeds from the tour will be used to support the Charleston Symphony Orchestra, as well as providing scholarships for student and professional musicians throughout the Lowcountry.


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So long and welcome
Kennametal Employees Federal Credit Union closed its doors today, Halloween 2014, for good. Kennametal was one of the oldest credit unions in town and held the second most assets. It was approximately one million dollars larger than our credit union. The building will reopen Monday, November 3 as a branch office of Clearview Federal Credit Union, a $900 million plus asset credit union which is headquartered in Moon Township. Clearview Federal Credit Union is approximately three times the size of Commercial Bank and Trust of PA.
The merger of Kennametal with Clearview is not the first merger of credit unions that the area has seen. It certainly won't be the last. At least twenty-seven credit unions have gone out of business in Pennsylvania in the past twelve months. The reasons credit unions choose to merge vary but one common theme is an increased cost of doing business in a highly competitive market that is becoming more and more technological. It has also been difficult for many credit unions to attract volunteers to serve on boards of directors, credit committees and supervisory committees. The Great Recession of 2008 has made it difficult for many credit unions to generate revenue to pay its bills and offer new technologies and services.
While our credit union has seen a decrease in lobby traffic and has experienced many of the same challenges that have caused other credit unions to pursue the merger route, we continue to move forward. While we cannot guarantee that there isn't a merger of our credit union in the future we will do all we can to stay competitive and continue offering the services you require. It is our hope to begin offering first mortgages to our membership beginning in 2015. We also hope to roll out a remote deposit program which will allow you to take a picture of your check with your cell phone and send it to us electronically for deposit into your account. We also hope to make enhancements to our mobile banking program.
The credit union landscape is changing in Latrobe. So as we say farewell to an old friend in Kennametal Credit Union, we welcome Clearview Federal Credit Union to town. We promise to you, our members, that we will stay on our toes. We are here to serve you. Thank you for belonging!
CUNA Mutual Group to discontinue Life Savings Insurance
As we announced in a prior newsletter, CUNA Mutual Group has decided to discontinue its life savings insurance product effective December 31, 2014. The following is the official termination notice:
At CMFG Life Insurance Company, we regularly evaluate our products to ensure we are delivering value to the credit unions and members we serve. Due to a significant decline in demand from credit unions and their members, we have made the difficult decision to exit the Life Savings product currently offered to you through VASCO Federal Credit Union. Life Savings was developed more than 75 years ago and has been in a steady state of decline for the last several years. Life Savings is structured as a monthly policy where the credit union pays the premium for each month, rather than building equity over time.
Per the terms of the group policy issued to your credit union, your Life Savings Insurance will expire on December 31, 2014.
This insurance has been provided at no direct cost to you for eligible deposits. Coverage on existing eligible deposits will cease on January 31, 2015. This means, if you should pass away on or before January 31, 2015, your beneficiaries should submit a claim with your credit union immediately.
We know many of you value the peace of mind and security that life insurance provides. That's why we wanted you to know you can convert your Life Savings coverage to a guaranteed issue Primary Protection Plan, underwritten by CMFG Life. This new policy would provide life insurance coverage up to $3000. If you decide to take advantage of the conversion option, you must apply by January 31, 2015. You will be responsible for premium payments, and your new policy will be effective after you complete the application process. Your premiums will be based on your age at time of application.
Conversion is simple. Just request, complete, and return an application with your first premium payment directly to CMFG Life by January 31, 2015 in order to receive coverage. To request the application, call 855-728-5205 to speak with a fully licensed insurance representative. CMFG Life's staff will review your situation with you and provide guidance to ensure you have the right type and amount of insurance protection for you and your family based on your current and future needs.
The decision to discontinue this product was made by CUNA Mutual Group and not your credit union. We have offered this benefit to members since the credit union's founding in 1967. If you are interested in continuing coverage, please do not contact the credit union. Contact CUNA Mutual Group directly at 855-728-5205.
48th Annual Meeting set for 2015
The 48th Annual Membership Meeting of VASCO Federal Credit Union will be held on Saturday, March 21, 2015 at 9AM at the Fred Rogers Center at St. Vincent College. A complimentary buffet breakfast will be provided. Our 2014 Annual Report will be reviewed and an election of officers will be conducted. Please RSVP at the credit union by March 12, 2015.
2010 Annual Report
Welcome to the 44th Annual Membership Meeting of VASCO Federal Credit Union. Your credit union was founded on September 24, 1967 to serve the employees of VASCO. In the credit union's first month of operations we enrolled seventy-seven members and collected $565.75 in deposits.
The following were elected to the Board of Directors on September 24, 1967:
Joe Healy, President; Stan Falenski, Vice President; Eugene Chinchok, Secretary; Dan Heckel, Treasurer; Bill Albaugh, Director; Howard Keller, Director and Ed Sobota, Director.
A loan limit of $200 was implemented provided that collateral was pledged. If no collateral was pledged the loan limit was $100.
By the end of 1967 there were 456 members and $14,929.55 in assets, including 73 loans totaling $12,567.
In 1968 Dan Heckel resigned his position as treasurer and on July 25, 1968 Annalee Flack was appointed as treasurer to take his place. The treasurer at the time also served as manager of the credit union. Lee would serve the credit union in the position of manager until her retirement in August 1989. Debra Goodman replaced Lee as manager and served the credit union until her retirement in December 2006.
Later in 1968 Joe Healy resigned as president of the credit union and was replaced by Stan Falenski. Stan served as president through his resignation for health reasons on February 12, 1974. Ed Davis was elected president at that time. Also, Skip Skubick was first elected to the Board of Directors in 1974.
Ed Davis served as president until March 24, 1977 when William Sobota was elected president. Leonard Ridilla was first elected to the Board of Directors in 1977. The credit union also celebrated its tenth anniversary in 1977. The credit union grew to 1426 members and $1,851,356 in assets. George Stumpf was elected president of the board on April 10, 1979. Leonard Ridilla was elected president on February 19, 1980. George Stumpf served another period as president beginning April 9, 1985. Leonard Ridilla was elected president on April 5, 1988 and has served the credit union in the capacity of chairman of the board to this date.
By 1989 the credit union has expanded its field of membership and had begun accepting new members from Pennsylvania Container Corporation, Chestnut Ridge Foam, Specialty Spraying and Palmer Motors. We now have forty-five employee groups that we serve.
In 1992 the credit union celebrated its 25th anniversary. A new building was being constructed along Depot Street in Latrobe to house the credit union. We have 1536 members and $7,824,354 in assets. The new office was opened for business on May 10, 1993.
Today your credit union celebrates its 44th anniversary and serves 1973 members and has assets of $20,555,753.
As you may have noticed we have finally updated our website. We will be able to keep you better informed about what is going on with your credit union.
An exciting new feature of the website is a loan application that allows you to complete the application online and send it to us electronically. There is no longer a need to print off a copy and fax it to us or to wait for us to be open so we can mail or fax you an application. We still will need you to provide us with proof of income. You can fax that to us at (724) 537-2530.
Please take a few minutes to explore the website. If you haven't tried online banking yet feel free to check it out. If you are using online banking please consider signing up for e-statements.
And as always if you have any questions or comments please call us at (724) 539-2858.


text: Deals Crowd Factory raises $6.5M to track social media marketing to the dollar January 26, 2011 11:30 AM Matthew Lynley 0 If you're not reaching, engaging, and monetizing customers on mobile, you're likely losing them to someone else. Register now for the 8th annual MobileBeat, July 13-14, where the best and brightest will be exploring the latest strategies and tactics in the mobile space. Social media marketing service Crowd Factory announced today that it has raised $6.5 million in its second round of fundraising led by Storm Ventures. The Crowd Factory service is usually an HTML tag that's dropped into the bottom of a web page that lets visitors share the content with their social networks, including Facebook and Twitter. Crowd Factory tracks where the link is shared and who ends up clicking on it. Users can also drop the tag into email messages and other landing pages. "Every time somebody pushes that link or element out to their social network, we get 10 more people back," said the company's chief executive, Sanjay Dholakia. "We want to be able to track that all the way down to a conversion in terms of pure dollars." Social media marketing companies seem to be a dime a dozen these days — especially those that offer analytics. Crowd Factory hopes to differentiate itself with a number of applications that sync up with the information the service pulls in. For example, the company has a social offer app — which Dholakia called the "Groupon for enterprise" — that encourages site visitors to share the deal with a number of friends in order to receive a larger discount. The company's first round of funding, worth $5 million, was spent on building up the service and introducing a number of apps. The latest round of funding is geared towards marketing Crowd Factory to other major companies. Existing investors Hummer Winblad, Peninsula Ventures and some other angel investors also participated in the round. Crowd Factory has raised $11.5 million in funding to date. The San Francisco, Calif.-based company was founded in 2009, and its clients include HBO, Microsoft and Sony. VB's research team is studying mobile user acquisition... Chime in here, and we'll share the results.


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Virbac C.E.T.™ Oral Hygiene Kit for Pets -- 1 Kit
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Home dental care is as important for your pet as it is for you. A program of oral hygiene and regular professional care can prevent problems that might occur as the result of plaque and tartar buildup. Routine home dental care should be a part of every pet's health care program.
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1849 $1 PR65 NGC. It is fair to say that every Proof Seated Liberty Silver Dollar from the decade of the 1840s is a rarity...
2005 November Dallas, TX Signature Auction #388
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The Garrett - Pittman Gem Proof 1849 Seated Dollar1849 $1 PR65 NGC. It is fair to say that every Proof Seated Liberty Silver Dollar from the decade of the 1840s is a rarity, but most numismatic students today consider this 1849 issue to be the rarest of the rare. Dave Bowers estimated a mintage of just 8 to 12 coins, and today it is probably the case that only six survive. In fact, that is exactly the number of pieces claimed by David Akers when this coin was offered as part of the Pittman Collection. Along with this coin, he recorded the following Proofs: Starr, lot 592; Eliasberg, lot 2216; Kenneth Long, lot 1219; Carter, lot 257; and the coin in a California Specialist's Collection, with prior pedigree not known at this time. Considering that five examples have been offered for sale at auction in the past year, it is entirely possible that seven or eight proofs actually survive. More research in this area is currently taking place. Like most of the Proof Seated Dollars in the 1840s, this example is from the reverse die first used in 1840, and used continuously for Proof examples through 1850. As noted, this is considered the rarest of the Proof dollars from the decade, with Proof mintages remaining extremely small through 1853. Although no explanation has been advanced previously for this diminished production, we must consider that the gold rush may have had something to do with it.
This example is a gorgeous Gem Proof with exceptional aesthetic appeal. It is sharply struck with all design definition fully delineated. The rim is fully defined, broad, and square, with a few fine raised die lines on the top surface of the obverse rim. It is a deeply mirrored proof with slight cameo contrast beneath mottled toning. Splashes and shades of red, lilac, blue, and gold are visible on both sides. A few nearly imperceptible hairlines and blemishes can only be seen with a magnifier.
From The Jack Lee Collection, III(#6990) (Registry values: N10218) (NGC ID# 24ZZ, PCGS# 6990)
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Shelley S. Zawacki-Boggess, 51, of Columbia City, passed away at 4:38 p.m. Wednesday, Dec. 19, 2012, at her home. Born Nov. 10, 1961, in Whitley County, she was the daughter of Bill L. Maloney and Marilyn R. (Yeatts) Maloney-Schafer.
Born and raised in the Churubusco area, she moved to Chicago in 1985 where she lived for 23 years before moving to Florida for two years and finally returning to Whitley County.
Allen Fugate, 86, of Washington Township, died at 9:30 p.m. Tuesday, Dec. 25, 2012, at his home. He was born Oct. 8, 1926, in Jackson, Breathitt County, Kentucky a son of George and Karsan (Miller) Fugate.
His formative years were spent in Kentucky where he completed his education.
During World War II, he served in the U.S. Army. On April 6, 1947, he was united in marriage to Clara Ellen Hawn. They always made their home on the same farm in Washington Township. Mrs. Fugate died Jan. 28, 2010.
Gregory W. Ranly , 65, passed away Sunday, Dec. 23, 2012, at Parkview Regional Medical Center in Fort Wayne. Born in Fort Wayne, Gregory worked as a Advanced Planning Coordinator with Dana for 38 years.
He was a graduate of Central Catholic High School and Purdue University, a U.S. Marine Corps Vietnam veteran, and a member of the American Legion and Fraternal Order of Eagles.
Bryan R. Culp, 31, of Columbia City, died Monday, Dec. 24, 2012, at his home. He was born Oct. 26, 1981, in Fort Wayne, a son of Daniel R. and Vickie S. (Swonger) Culp. His formative years were spent in Laud, Fort Wayne and Columbia City. He graduated from Columbia City High School.
He worked two years at Super Market Services in Fort Wayne, seven years at the Wal Mart Distribution Center in Garrett and since August 2011 at Reelcraft in Columbia City.


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Apple 13-in. Retina MacBook Pro review: Vibrant screen, perfect size?
Good screens come in small packages
When Apple execs debuted the new Mac lineup for the holidays last month, they noted that the 13-in. MacBook Pro was already the best-selling Mac. Both its power and small size have been key to this success.
After spending some time with the new 13-in. MacBook Pro with Retina display, I came away quite impressed. I've been a 15-in. MacBook Pro owner for years, and I initially regarded the smaller screen with skepticism, but this machine has quickly won me over. The killer Retina display in concert with the laptop's light weight and processing power make this computer a compelling package.
With this new model, Apple engineers have basically applied the playbook used for the 15-in. MacBook Pro with Retina display, only in the smaller form factor. (Apple loaned me this particular laptop for review.)
Starting at $1,699, this MacBook Pro is a pound lighter and 20% thinner than the previous generation -- it weighs 3.5 lbs. and is three-quarters of an inch thick when the lid is closed. The reduction in size and weight comes with a few caveats, but sturdiness isn't one of them. Apple's unibody design -- featuring a frame carved from a single block of aluminum -- feels good to the touch, doesn't flex when the laptop is picked up from a corner, and exudes quality.
That quality is especially apparent in the 2560-x-1600-pixel screen, which is so packed with pixels -- 227 pixels per inch in its native resolution -- that you can't really discern them discretely. It's more like looking at a backlit printed page, with vibrant colors, good contrast and text that is sharp so as to still be legible even in smaller font sizes; you really have to see it in person. If you've seen an iPhone or the screen on this year's iPads, you have an idea of how gorgeous the Retina display is.
Of course, that screen comes with a higher price tag compared to other 13-in. MacBook Pros, which start at $1,199. That's something to keep in mind if this is on your -- or someone else's -- holiday wish list.
Specs and hardware details
Let's start from the outside and work our way in.
This latest MacBook Pro offers several modern connectivity ports, but due to size constraints, not the full retinue of them. On the left, next to the MagSafe 2 power connection, are two Thunderbolt ports (Thunderbolt is the wide-bandwidth I/O technology that allows you to connect everything from a display to a hard drive), a USB 3.0 port and a headphone jack. On the right side is another USB 3.0 port, an HDMI port and a SDXC card reader. There are also two mics, which help with noise canceling now that OS X Mountain Lion has dictation built in, and improved stereo speakers. For a laptop this size, the speakers sound pretty good.
As with other Apple laptops, there's also a 720p camera hidden in the black border at the top of the screen, which is great for FaceTime calls to other Macs, iPhones and iPads, as well as Skype and Vidyo sessions. All of the major 802.11 wireless standards are supported, including a/b/g/n, as is Bluetooth 4.0. The full-sized keyboard is backlit, and the brightness adjusts based on ambient lighting conditions. There's also the now-standard glass trackpad, capable of multitouch gestures.
What's missing? Apple has been pushing for an all-digital future for quite some time, and there have been casualties along the way. This round, Ethernet and the optical drive bite the dust, but this has allowed Apple to shave inches and ounces. If you still use CDs or DVDs, and you want a Retina display MacBook Pro, you'll need to buy one of Apple's external SuperDrives for $79. If you need Ethernet, there's a Thunderbolt-to-Ethernet adapter that goes for $29. (Apple offers several adapters, including a Thunderbolt-to-Firewire 800 one.)
The loss of the optical drive also means a slight change to the keyboard layout. The power button is now located where the Eject key used to be, at the upper right of the of the keyboard next to the volume increase key.
Inside, the system architecture is based on Intel's Ivy Bridge chipset, and there are different options depending on how much speed you need. The entry-level model, as noted earlier, starts at $1,699 and is powered by an Intel Core i5 chipset, which operates both processor cores at 2.5GHz but can use Turbo Boost to push the speed to 3.1GHz when needed. For an extra $200, you can upgrade to a 2.9GHz dual-core i7, with a Turbo Boost speed up to 3.6GHz. If you can afford it, I recommend the upgrade.
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Hopefully this goes all the way and gets confirmed by SCOTUS.
A Los Angeles Superior Court judge ruled Tuesday that tenure, seniority and other job protections for teachers have created unequal conditions in public schools and deprive poor children of the best teachers.
In a case that could have national implications for the future of teacher tenure, Judge Rolf Treu sided with a Silicon Valley mogul against some of the most powerful labor unions in the country.
In a 16-page ruling, in the case of Vergara v. California, Treu struck down three state laws as unconstitutional. The laws grant tenure to teachers after two years, require layoffs by seniority, and call for a complex and lengthy process before a teacher can be fired.
David F. Welch, founder of an optical telecommunications manufacturing firm, charged that job protections allow the state's worst educators to continue teaching and that those ineffective teachers are concentrated in high-poverty, minority schools, amounting to a civil rights violation.
Welch's case was argued by a team of prominent attorneys, including former U.S. Solicitor General Ted Olson and Theodore Boutrous, who most recently paired to win a U.S. Supreme Court decision that struck down California's prohibition against same-sex marriage.


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One of our rising star dressage stallions in Australia, has just been put to sleep following complications of colic surgery. San Jose is by the famous dressage stallion, Sandro Hit and was ridden by Matthew Dowsley.
Poor Matthew has had a hard run, his amazing international grand prix mount, Cinderella was put to sleep only a couple of years ago after an inoperable cancer. And now his new hit, San Jose. This horse was unbelievable to watch, so relaxed, so loose, yet with so much electricity in his performances. Such a young and terribly promising stallion, he will be sorely missed by all who knew him and by the Australian dressage breeding community.
San Jose Dead The Horse Magazine