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Left Behind or Left Befuddled: The Subtle Dangers of Popularizing the End Times
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|Format: Paperback
Number of Pages: 176
Vendor: Liturgical Press
Publication Date: 2008
|Dimensions: 8.25 X 5.38 (inches)
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Publisher's Description
The extraordinary success of the Left Behind series by Tim LaHaye and Jerry Jenkins shows that their action/adventure novels have tapped into the American psyche. It has revived our fascination with vivid images of the book of Revelation and other biblical texts: the Antichrist, the mysterious number 666, and people suddenly raptured into the sky by God. But is there something dangerous behind the thinking in these books and how they play out in our world today? In Left Behind or Left Befuddled, Gordon Isaac takes the reader inside the theology behind the series. In clear and accessible prose, Isaac answers many important questions that Christians have about the phenomenon that is Left Behind:
- Is this Vision of the end times really biblical? Why do people have such a powerful response to it? What are alternative ways to think about the end times? How do the books view Catholics and other Christians? What does this Vision of things mean for Israel and the Jewish people? How can we counter the myths proposed in the series as fact?
Gordon Isaac is the Berkshire Associate Professor of Advent Christian Studies in the church history department at Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary in Massachusetts. He is also an ordained Advent Christian minister who has served a number of congregations.
Author Bio / Endorsements
"Fundamentalism is historically an authoritarian and simplistic reaction to the fears evoked by religious, political, social, or economic chaos. Thus, in todays turmoil of postmodernity and globalization, it is not surprising that many Christians seek security from biblical misinterpretations of the second coming of Christ. Since Gordon Isaac, unlike most critics of religious fundamentalism, incisively recognizes this, his book is essential reading for theologians and general readers alike."
-Rev. Gerald A. Arbuckle, SM, PhD, Director, Refounding and Pastoral Development Unit, Catholic Theological Union, Sydney, Australia.
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Forum Post: Most ignorant pompous post ever - made by who else but FractusPhoney
Posted 04/30/2011 03:04:13 EDT
wow dude get a life, who cares?!
Forum Post: Game 7 @ Home... What could go wrong?!
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This is a lock win. 5-0 Bruins easy.
Forum Post: If Bst. wins gm. 6 tonight I will...
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Flood gates open a bit in this game, 5-3 Montreal. Can't see Montreal losing all 3 at home. Game 7 tomorrow
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Lets hope.... HUGE test in Montreal on Tuesday
Forum Post: Tim Thomas was HUGE
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wow what a game, we thought that 2-1 by Mon was game over! Lets hope the last 3 Game 7 losses under clode have taught this team something about closing the deal... In the first round anyways
Forum Post: re-sign ryder
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Forum Post: Hey all you fake Bruins fans, IN YOUR FACE!!!
Posted 04/22/2011 09:51:57 EDT
Why on gods green earth would anyone praise and cheer and wave the pom poms after the 2 stinkers they put up at home??? Sounds like you are the fake fan.
Posted 04/22/2011 09:50:19 EDT
Are you people nuts? Never seen a more reactionary group in my life.It sounds like the Bruins are a game away from advancing to the Cup Finals. Great to see Ryder finally come through last night but t more »
Forum Post: Chris Kelly possible fracture
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Forum Post: What have the Habs done in this series?
Posted 04/19/2011 11:03:09 EDT
Except for beat the Bruins twice in their own barn you are right not much, which begs then question what have the Bruins done this series? more »
Forum Post: Jack Edwards
Posted 04/19/2011 06:18:55 EDT
He has taken his act way too far and lost all of credibility (what little he had left). He'd never be hired for a national gig when he gets fired from NESN. If anyone remembers the Crunch & Munch guy more »
Forum Post: come back
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Forum Post: realistically, what are the chances of the B's winning the 1st round?
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10% more »
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Forum Post: The bottom line
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But when you hire a rookie inept GM who will work for bottom dollar to run your buisness with a flawed philosophy on how to win then it is ownerships fault. People who say ownership doesn't matter bec more »
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In Response to Re: One Word: BELIEVE!: In Response to Re: One Word: BELIEVE! : Wow,you want to call a guy an idiot for refusing to believe a 7 game series is over after 2 games?Even DECENT goaltendin more »
Forum Post: Who Got Me Suspended?
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Forum Post: 1st Round Playoff Dates
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Game 1 14thGame 2 16thGame 3 18thGame 4 21stGame 5 23rdGame 6 26thGame 7 27th more »
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Posted 04/10/2011 02:13:56 EDT
I guess bruins8 is still having a tough time grasping the Hockey NIGHT In Canada theme.... more »
Posted 04/10/2011 02:02:05 EDT
Hearing rumors of Games 1-3 on Thu-Sat-SunThu and Sat both night games and if a Sunday game in Montreal is true I have no idea what time more »
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text:
Geographic Range
Antarctic krill live in the Southern and Indian Antarctic Oceans, in the Antarctic Peninsula region. Their distribution spans the Antarctic Continental Shelf break to the Antarctic Polar Frontal Zone. Areas of particularly high biomass include the Antarctic Coastal Current, near the Antarctic Continent, near Prydz Bay, at northern and western coastal regions of the Antarctic Continent, and the areas where the Antarctic Coastal Current interacts with the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. ("Species Fact Sheet: Euphausia superba (Dana, 1852)", 2013; El-Sayed, 1994; Everson, 2000)
- Biogeographic Regions
- indian ocean
- pacific ocean
Antarctic krill live in open marine waters. Adults are found at depths ranging from surface waters to depths of 350 m; they have occasionally been found as deep as 600 m. They are found in deeper waters during winter months. Larvae begin life near the sea floor and ascend toward the surface as development progresses. ("Species Fact Sheet: Euphausia superba (Dana, 1852)", 2013; Knox, 1994; Siegel, 2013)
- Habitat Regions
- polar
- saltwater or marine
- Aquatic Biomes
- pelagic
- Range depth
- 0 to 600 m
- 0.00 to 1968.50 ft
- Average depth
- 150 m
- 492.13 ft
Physical Description
The body is pink and slightly opaque, with a hard, calcified exoskeleton (also known as a carapace) divided into a cephalothorax (head and thorax fused) and an abdomen. These animals are similar in appearance to shrimp. Antarctic krill have six pairs of thoracic appendages and a pair of antennae. A tail is formed by fusion of the final appendages. There are luminous organs called photophores located near the mouthparts, at the genitals (located on the cephalothorax), and at the base of the abdominal pleopods (which are the forked limbs these animals use for swimming). These photophores produce a blue light. The gills are located ventrally, under the carapace. Adults range from 5-6.5 cm in length and weigh an average of 2 g. Females are slightly larger than males and minor differences in body shape are present between sexes (males have a more elongate body shape, slightly larger eyes, longer antennae and slightly shorter rostrums, for example). Also, mature males have modified endopods called petasmae as the first pair of pleopods. These are used during mating to transfer spermatophores. Females have a tri-lobed structure on the ventral posterior part of their body called the thelycum. In unmated females, this structure is often a bright red color. Spermatophores (small white vesicles), can occasionally be seen attached to it in mated females. ("Species Fact Sheet: Euphausia superba (Dana, 1852)", 2013; Everson, 2000; Hamner and Hamner, 2000; Kawaguchi, et al., 2011; Knox, 1994; "Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba)", 2012)
- Other Physical Features
- ectothermic
- bilateral symmetry
- Sexual Dimorphism
- female larger
- sexes shaped differently
- Average mass
- 2 g
- 0.07 oz
- Range length
- 5.0 to 6.5 cm
- 1.97 to 2.56 in
Krill undergo several larval stages, known as nauplius, metanauplius, calyptopus, and furcilia; molts occur between (and sometimes within) each stage, with each larval stage lasting from 8-15 days. Once eggs have been laid, they sink for about 10 days, as deep as a few hundred to 2,000 m deep. There, they hatch as nauplii, which have only one eye and no body segments or limb buds. Nauplii ascend and enter a metanauplius stage, where limb development begins. As larvae continue to rise, they develop into calyptopes; these reach the surface and begin to feed. After three additional molts, larvae become known as furcilia. The furcilia stage is marked by the development of movable compound eyes, which project from the edge of the carapace. Furcilia develop into juveniles, reaching lengths of 4-10 mm by early winter, with growth slowing down by late March. Juveniles begin to develop gonads during their second year (spring/summer) and begin to spawn at two years of age. ("Species Fact Sheet: Euphausia superba (Dana, 1852)", 2013; Everson, 2000; Hamner and Hamner, 2000; Kawaguchi, et al., 2011; Knox, 1994; Nicol, 2006; Quetin and Ross, 1991)
- Development - Life Cycle
- metamorphosis
Mating involves 5 phases: chase, probe, embrace, flex, and push. First, a male (sometimes more than one at a time) pursues a gravid female. Then, one male probes a female with his petasma (specialized structures found on the first pair pleopods). Male and female then embrace each other, abdomen to abdomen. Spermatophores are transferred as the male flexes his body around the female, forming a T-shaped pair. Hooks on his petasma aid in spermatophore transfer. Rapid spinning occurs during flexing, lasting about 5 seconds, which aids in pushing spermatophores into her thelycum. After flexing, the pair continue to swim together as the male pushes his rostrum and antennae against the female's ventral surface. Finally, the pair detach and swim away from each other. (Kawaguchi, et al., 2011)
- Mating System
- polygynandrous (promiscuous)
All adult female Antarctic krill develop a brood during a reproductive season, with eggs produced periodically and released in several spawning events. Up to four oocytes may undergo vitellogenesis (yolk production) per female. Warmer temperatures may increase spawning and molting activities in females. Females lay their eggs in deep waters, between December and March. Eggs begin development on the sea floor, but it is not known where in the water column they are laid. Eggs sink for approximately 10 days before hatching and entering the larval stages described above. (Cuzin-Roudy, 2000; Kawaguchi, et al., 2011; Knox, 1994)
- Key Reproductive Features
- iteroparous
- seasonal breeding
- gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate)
- sexual
- fertilization
- oviparous
- Breeding interval
- Antarctic krill breed once yearly.
- Breeding season
- Breeding occurs in summer months.
- Range number of offspring
- 4 (low)
- Average gestation period
- 10 days
- Range age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female)
- 2.8 to 3.0 years
- Range age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male)
- 2.8 to 3.0 years
There is no parental investment observed in this species beyond the nutrients involved in gamete production. (Nicol, 2006)
- Parental Investment
- provisioning
- female
The average lifespan of Antarctic krill is 5-7 years. ("Species Fact Sheet: Euphausia superba (Dana, 1852)", 2013; Everson, 2000; Nicol, 2006)
- Range lifespan
Status: wild
- 9 (high) years
- Range lifespan
- Typical lifespan
Status: wild
- 2 to 7 years
- Typical lifespan
Antarctic krill are an obligate schooling species, with schools primarily moving horizontally in the water column, along with currents. Schools may be extremely large, with an average length of 100 m, but may extend to 100 km, with an average thickness of 15 me. Densities may measure 1,0000-100,000 krill per cubic meter, with lower density schools measuring 1 to 100 krill per cubic meter. Schooling in groups of similar body size enables these animals to avoid any one individual being singled out by a predator. (Hamner and Hamner, 2000; Hamner, et al., 1983; Sahrhage, 1988)
- Key Behaviors
- natatorial
- motile
- social
Home Range
These organisms are not known to maintain specific home ranges or defend territories.
Communication and Perception
Krill form dense schools, within which all individuals swim in the same direction, evenly spaced from each other. All individuals in a given school are approximately the same size. An individual will gauge its size in relation to the rest of the school and join or leave as appropriate. Individuals at the front of a school use rheotactic cues, such as turning to face oncoming currents, to communicate while swimming. Vision helps individuals to maintain schools and during feeding. Mechanoreception and olfaction may also play a role in schooling behavior. Chemoreceptors are used to detect amino acids (even at very low levels), which indicate the presence of food sources, and pheromones likely play a role in mating. (Hamner, et al., 1983; Knox, 1994; Strand and Hamner, 1990)
- Other Communication Modes
- pheromones
- Perception Channels
- visual
- tactile
- vibrations
- chemical
Food Habits
Usually, Antarctic krill feed by using their thoracic endopodites to create a watertight feeding basket, which encloses a pocket of food and water. Water is then filtered out laterally by compression-filtration through setae. Phytoplankton remains caught in the feeding basket as water is filtered out, and is brushed forward by the setae into the mouth for ingestion. Antarctic krill are primarily planktivores, but occasionally eat other krill or molted exoskeletons. They are considered the dominant herbivore of the Southern Ocean. During the winter, Antarctic krill rely heavily on ice algae as a food source. They are filter feeders, but do not feed continually, relying on chemical cues to indicate the presence of food particles. (El-Sayed, 1994; Hamner and Hamner, 2000; Hamner, et al., 1983)
- Primary Diet
- algivore
- planktivore
- Animal Foods
- zooplankton
- Plant Foods
- algae
- phytoplankton
- Foraging Behavior
- filter-feeding
Antarctic krill serve as prey to many marine mammals, invertebrates, fishes, and birds. The only anti-predatory adaptation of these krill is their schooling behavior. A disruption to the school may cause mass molting, which can act as a distraction to predators. Krill may also avoid predators by remaining in deep, cold water below the surface. (Hamner and Hamner, 2000; Knox, 1994; Quetin and Ross, 1991)
- Known Predators
- Whales (Order Cetacea)
- Leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx)
- Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii)
- Crabeater seal (Lobodon carcinophaga)
- Baleen whales (Suborder Mysticeti)
- Ross seal (Ommatophoca rossii)
- Fur seals (Family Otariidae)
- Squid (Class Cephalopoda)
- Callianira antarctica (Phylum Ctenophora)
- Bony fishes (Class Actinopterygii)
- Antarctic silverfish (Pleurogramma antarctica)
- Bald notothen (Pagothenia borchgrevinki)
- Albatrosses (Family Diomedeidae)
- Petrels (Family Procellariidae)
- Adelie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae)
- Chinstrap penguin (Pygoscelis antarcticus)
- Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua)
Ecosystem Roles
Antarctic krill play an important role as a primary food source for many animals in the Southern Ocean. They may be parasitized by several organisms, in particular by protozoans in the genus Ephelota. Infected krill become more opaque and whitish in color and are affected with tumors and molting problems, in which parts of their exoskeletons remain attached. (El-Sayed, 1994; Hamner and Hamner, 2000; Knox, 1994; Stankovic and Rakusa-Susczewski, 1996; Takahashi, et al., 2003)
- Ecosystem Impact
- keystone species
- Cephaloidophora pacifica (Class Sporozoea, Phylum Apicomplexa)
- Apostoma sp. (Class Oligohymenophorea, Phylum Ciliophora)
- Ephelota sp. (Class Phyllopharyngea, Phylum Ciliophora)
Economic Importance for Humans: Positive
There have been attempts to use Antarctic krill for human consumption, but this species is used mainly for domestic animal and aquaculture feed. Krill products have pharmaceutical and industrial uses. In particular, chitin may have potential uses in lowering cholesterol levels, and the lipid composition of Antarctic krill may be useful as a nutritional source of fatty acids. The lipids of Antarctic krill are more stable than those of some fishes consumed by humans. Krill digestive proteases can also be injected into humans to reduce pressure on nerve roots between vertebral discs. (El-Sayed, 1994; Everson, 2000)
- Positive Impacts
- food
- source of medicine or drug
- research and education
Economic Importance for Humans: Negative
There are no known adverse effects of Antarctic krill on humans.
Conservation Status
Although this species is currently in no particular danger, it is a concern to some conservation groups. Antarctic krill are essential to the diet of many animals in the Antarctic and the Southern Oceans. A main concern is that krill fisheries may overdevelop in order to feed farmed fish, decreasing the Antarctic krill biomass in the Southern Ocean and potentially endangering other animal species living in the region. Measures being taken to protect Antarctic krill include preventing krill fisheries from expanding, taking regular biomass surveys, and strengthening and funding programs dedicated to monitoring the Antarctic ecosystem. ("AKCP", 2010; "CCAMLR", 2010; "Krill Conservation", 2012)
- IUCN Red List
- Not Evaluated
- US Federal List
- No special status
- No special status
- State of Michigan List
- No special status
Rachel Gierak (author), University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, Alison Gould (editor), University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, Jeremy Wright (editor), University of Michigan-Ann Arbor.
- Pacific Ocean
body of water between the southern ocean (above 60 degrees south latitude), Australia, Asia, and the western hemisphere. This is the world's largest ocean, covering about 28% of the world's surface.
- bilateral symmetry
having body symmetry such that the animal can be divided in one plane into two mirror-image halves. Animals with bilateral symmetry have dorsal and ventral sides, as well as anterior and posterior ends. Synapomorphy of the Bilateria.
- chemical
uses smells or other chemicals to communicate
- drug
a substance used for the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease
- ectothermic
animals which must use heat acquired from the environment and behavioral adaptations to regulate body temperature
- fertilization
union of egg and spermatozoan
- filter-feeding
a method of feeding where small food particles are filtered from the surrounding water by various mechanisms. Used mainly by aquatic invertebrates, especially plankton, but also by baleen whales.
- food
A substance that provides both nutrients and energy to a living thing.
- herbivore
An animal that eats mainly plants or parts of plants.
- internal fertilization
fertilization takes place within the female's body
- iteroparous
offspring are produced in more than one group (litters, clutches, etc.) and across multiple seasons (or other periods hospitable to reproduction). Iteroparous animals must, by definition, survive over multiple seasons (or periodic condition changes).
- keystone species
a species whose presence or absence strongly affects populations of other species in that area such that the extirpation of the keystone species in an area will result in the ultimate extirpation of many more species in that area (Example: sea otter).
- metamorphosis
A large change in the shape or structure of an animal that happens as the animal grows. In insects, "incomplete metamorphosis" is when young animals are similar to adults and change gradually into the adult form, and "complete metamorphosis" is when there is a profound change between larval and adult forms. Butterflies have complete metamorphosis, grasshoppers have incomplete metamorphosis.
- motile
having the capacity to move from one place to another.
- natatorial
specialized for swimming
- native range
the area in which the animal is naturally found, the region in which it is endemic.
- oviparous
reproduction in which eggs are released by the female; development of offspring occurs outside the mother's body.
- pelagic
An aquatic biome consisting of the open ocean, far from land, does not include sea bottom (benthic zone).
- pheromones
chemicals released into air or water that are detected by and responded to by other animals of the same species
- phytoplankton
photosynthetic or plant constituent of plankton; mainly unicellular algae. (Compare to zooplankton.)
- planktivore
an animal that mainly eats plankton
- polar
the regions of the earth that surround the north and south poles, from the north pole to 60 degrees north and from the south pole to 60 degrees south.
- polygynandrous
the kind of polygamy in which a female pairs with several males, each of which also pairs with several different females.
- saltwater or marine
mainly lives in oceans, seas, or other bodies of salt water.
- seasonal breeding
breeding is confined to a particular season
- sexual
reproduction that includes combining the genetic contribution of two individuals, a male and a female
- social
associates with others of its species; forms social groups.
- tactile
uses touch to communicate
- vibrations
movements of a hard surface that are produced by animals as signals to others
- visual
uses sight to communicate
- zooplankton
animal constituent of plankton; mainly small crustaceans and fish larvae. (Compare to phytoplankton.)
2010. "AKCP" (On-line). Antarctic Krill Conservation Project. Accessed March 26, 2012 at http://www.krillcount.org/solutions.html.
Wildscreen. 2012. "Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba)" (On-line). ARKive. Accessed February 23, 2012 at http://www.arkive.org/antarctic-krill/euphausia-superba/#text=Range.
2010. "CCAMLR" (On-line). The Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources. Accessed March 26, 2012 at http://www.ccamlr.org/pu/e/gen-intro.htm.
2012. "Krill Conservation" (On-line). Antarctic and Southern Ocean Coalition. Accessed March 27, 2012 at http://www.asoc.org/issues-and-advocacy/krill-conservation.
Fisheries and Agriculture Department. Species Fact Sheet: Euphausia superba (Dana, 1852). Rome, Italy: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2013. Accessed July 17, 2013 at http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/3393/en.
Budzinski, E., P. Bykowski, D. Dutkiewicz. 1985. Possibilities of processing and marketing of products made from Antarctic krill. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper, 268: 1-46.
Cuzin-Roudy, J. 2000. "Seasonal reproduction, multiple spawning, and fecundity in northern krill, Meganyctiphanes norvegica, and Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba" (On-line). NRC Research Press. Accessed January 31, 2012 at http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/pdf/10.1139/f00-165.
El-Sayed, S. 1994. Southern Ocean Ecology: The Biomass Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Everson, I. 2000. Krill: Biology, Ecology and Fisheries. Oxford: Blackwell Science Ltd.
Hamner, W., P. Hamner. 2000. "Behavior of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba): schooling, foraging, and antipredatory behavior" (On-line). NRC Research Press. Accessed January 31, 2012 at http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/pdf/10.1139/f00-195.
Hamner, W., P. Hamner, S. Strand, R. Gilmer. 1983. Behavior of Antarctic Krill, Euphausia superba: Chemoreception, Feeding, Schooling, and Molting. Science, 220/4595: 433-435. Accessed January 31, 2012 at http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/1690609.pdf?acceptTC=true.
Kawaguchi, S., R. Kilpatrick, L. Roberts, R. King, S. Nicol. 2011. Ocean-bottom krill sex. Journal of Plankton Research, 33/7: 1134-1138. Accessed January 31, 2012 at http://plankt.oxfordjournals.org/content/33/7/1134.full.pdf+html.
Knox, G. 1994. The Biology of the Southern Ocean. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Nicol, S. 2006. Krill, Currents, and Sea Ice: Euphausia superba and Its Changing Environment. BioScience, 56/2: 111-120. Accessed March 26, 2012 at http://www.bioone.org.proxy.lib.umich.edu/doi/pdf/10.1641/0006-3568%282006%29056%5B0111%3AKCASIE%5D2.0.CO%3B2.
Quetin, L., R. Ross. 1991. "Behavioral and Physiological Characteristics of the Antarctic Krill, Euphausia superba" (On-line). Oxford Journals | Integrative & Comparative Biology. Accessed January 31, 2012 at http://icb.oxfordjournals.org/content/31/1/49.full.pdf.
Sahrhage, D. 1988. Antarctic Ocean and Resources Variability. Germany: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Siegel, V. 2013. "Euphausia superba Dana, 1850" (On-line). World Register of Marine Species. Accessed July 07, 2013 at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=236217.
Stankovic, A., S. Rakusa-Susczewski. 1996. Parasitic protozoa on appendages and inside the body of Euphausia superba Dana. Polish Polar Research, 17/3-4: 169-171. Accessed July 18, 2013 at http://polar.pan.pl/ppr17/1996-3-4_169-171.pdf.
Strand, S., W. Hamner. 1990. Schooling Behavior of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) in laboratory aquaria: reactions to chemical and visual stimuli. Marine Biology, 106/3: 355-359. Accessed April 14, 2012 at http://www.springerlink.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/content/w7416461h1554312/fulltext.pdf.
Takahashi, K., S. Kawaguchi, M. Kobayashi, T. Toda. 2003. Parasitic eugregarines change their spatial distribution with the host digestive tract of Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba. Polar Biology, 26: 468-473. Accessed July 18, 2013 at http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00300-003-0511-2#page-1.


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Results 1 to 5 of 5
October 10th, 2002 #1bhop73 Guest
Where do you get your inspiration/ideas from?
I'm just curious (read subject). I have a hard time thinking of what I want to paint/draw. I work in a creative job (web design) so i've thought that this could be part of the problem.. hard to be creative 24/7.
So any thoughts?
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- Ideas on how to motivate while lacking inspiration to create
Hide this ad by registering as a memberOctober 11th, 2002 #2
Just can talk about myself. My main resources are:
* books
* stories/novels written by my partner
* forums like this one
* leafing through magazines
* structures I find in nature
When and where do I get my ideas? When being "idle", i.e. when waking up or falling asleep, taking a shower, watching TV, being stuck in a traffic jam...
So no problem with getting isnpiration but problems to draw all the stuff I have in mind. :p
Imagination is intelligence having fun!
Jester's Sketchbook
Portfolio web site
October 11th, 2002 #3Registered User
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Calvin and Hobbes pretty much narrowed it down....
"-You can't just turn on creativity like a faucet. You have to be in the right mood.
-What mood is that?
-Last minute panic. "
October 12th, 2002 #4~ch8/10_ Guest
Usually from music, music videos, commercials, other artists, and the outside world... dunno. Sometimes it just pops into my head.
October 15th, 2002 #5Registered User
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Everywhere, anywhere and anytime. If all else fails, I just do some totally non related scribbling sketch and something usually gives me an idea even if it's just the way two lines look in relation to other, wierd ideas just pop into my head. If that fails, I look at other peoples art to inspire me to greater heights which usually allows me to be creative pretty quick.


text: Publications Search Results Users may wish to consult What's Included in the Bibliography. Results 1 - 1 Results per page: 25 50 100 Sort by: Pub Date (newest) Title Recent Additions Author Clear All Pub. Year Citation 1995 Emanuel, Linda L. Structured deliberation to improve decisionmaking for the seriously ill. Hastings Center Report. 25, (6), S14-S18. Full Text Options: Worldcat Google Scholar Export Options: RIS EndNote XML [1]


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Walla Walla County
- Nicholas R. Richard, 25, 2141 Leonard Drive, was charged March 2 with second-degree possessing stolen property, second-degree identity theft and second-degree theft. Richard is accused of possessing a stolen checking account number; knowingly obtaining, possessing, using or transferring a means of identification or financial information of another person; and wrongfully obtaining or exerting unauthorized control over miscellaneous merchandise or cash between Feb. 10 and 13.
- Brian Lamprea, 18, 1245 Dakota St., was charged March 5 with second-degree assault, harassment, possession of a pistol by a person from 18-21, two counts of violation of the Uniform Controlled Substances Act and one count of violation of the Uniform Legend Drug Act. Lamprea is accused of pointing a pistol at a person, threatening to kill the person, possessing a pistol in public while under the age of 21; and unlawfully possessing cocaine, hydrocodone and tramadol between Feb. 23 and March 2.
- Devin M. Yeager, 19, 303 E. Oak St., was charged March 7 with second-degree burglary, first-degree theft and second-degree taking a motor vehicle without permission. Yeager is accused of unlawfully entering or remaining in a building with the intent to commit a crime on Jan. 12; wrongfully obtaining or exerting unauthorized control over property belonging to Stephenson Cellars between Dec. 22 and Jan. 12; and intentionally taking, driving away or voluntarily riding in a pickup without the owner's permission on Jan. 11.
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Animated characters abcby Maria Jose Da Luz
American Apparel Zip-up Hoodies and Pullover Hoodies come in a variety of colors and sizes. Complete with kangaroo pocket this stretchy, comfortable fit, unisex cut includes double-stitched cuffs and hem.
Oh, my childhood. :)
well done!
Its on the Front Page congrats;) Parabens
Beautiful work!
That's just clever!
Thank you all, i had loads of fun doing this one!
Great piece, bags of character.
thank you :3
Beautifully rendered, great stuff!
fantastically adorable ^_^
SO cute!!
Thank you all :D
This is fantastic! So cute!
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cute!! :D
Thank you all, glad you like!
So cool and cute!! +1
Thanks juliana!
Phineas begins with a P not an F
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Immunomodulator medicines weaken or
suppress the
immune system.
Immunomodulators are used for
inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that:
Azathioprine and mercaptopurine work to keep people who have Crohn's disease in remission. They are also used to allow the person to stop using corticosteroids.1
Mercaptopurine may be able to prevent Crohn's disease from coming back after surgery. It can at least lengthen the amount of time without disease after surgery. It's likely that azathioprine works as well.1
Both azathioprine and mercaptopurine can treat and heal fistulas.1
Methotrexate works to stop symptoms of active Crohn's disease and to put the disease in remission. It can keep Crohn's disease in remission when taken long term. It is also used to help people who have Crohn's disease stop taking corticosteroids.1
Azathioprine and mercaptopurine work to stop active symptoms of ulcerative colitis. They can also be used to help people who have ulcerative colitis stop taking corticosteroids.1
All medicines have side effects. But many people don't feel the side effects, or they are able to deal with them. Ask your pharmacist about the side effects of each medicine you take. Side effects are also listed in the information that comes with your medicine.
Here are some important things to think about:
Call 911 or other emergency services right away if you have:
Azathioprine and mercaptopurine
Call your doctor if you have:
Common side effects include:
See Drug Reference for a full list of side effects. (Drug Reference is
not available in all systems.)
These medicines can stop your immune system from fighting infection. When you are taking this medicine (and even when you have finished taking it), try not to be around people who are sick. And make sure you talk to your doctor before you get any vaccinations.
These medicines may increase your risk of getting cancer, including lymphoma.
Do not drink alcohol when you are taking these medicines. Combining alcohol with these medicines can increase your risk for liver damage.
Other immunomodulators that may be used for Crohn's disease include mycophenolate mofetil (CellCept), tacrolimus (Prograf), and thalidomide (Thalomid).
Medicine is one of the many tools your doctor has to treat a health problem. Taking medicine as your doctor suggests will improve your health and may prevent future problems. If you don't take your medicines properly, you may be putting your health (and perhaps your life) at risk.
There are many reasons why people have trouble taking their medicine. But in most cases, there is something you can do. For suggestions on how to work around common problems, see the topic Taking Medicines as Prescribed.
Women who use this medicine during pregnancy have a slightly higher chance of having a baby with birth defects. If you are pregnant or planning to get pregnant, you and your doctor must weigh the risks of using this medicine against the risks of not treating your condition.
Do not use this medicine if you are pregnant, breast-feeding, or planning to get pregnant. If you need to use this medicine, talk to your doctor about how you can prevent pregnancy.
Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor if you are having problems. It's also a good idea to know your test results and keep a list of the medicines you take.
Complete the new medication information form (PDF)(What is a PDF document?) to help you understand this medication.
CitationsAmerican Gastroenterological Association (2006). American Gastroenterological Association Institute medical position statement on corticosteroids, immunomodulators, and infliximab in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology, 130(3): 935–939. Available online: http://www.gastro.org/practice/medical-position-statements.
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Press release from CNW Group
Franco-Nevada Files Year-End Disclosure Documents
Wednesday, March 20, 2013
Franco-Nevada Files Year-End Disclosure Documents08:21 EDT Wednesday, March 20, 2013TORONTO, March 20, 2013 /CNW/ - Franco-Nevada Corporation (NYSE: FNV) (TSX: FNV) announced that its Annual Information Form, Consolidated Annual Financial Statements and Management's Discussion and Analysis for the year ended December 31, 2012 have been filed with Canadian securities regulatory authorities. Franco-Nevada has also filed its Form 40-F for the year ended December 31, 2012 with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Copies of these documents may be obtained via www.sedar.com or www.sec.gov (for the Form 40-F).Shareholders may also receive a copy of these documents without charge upon request to Franco-Nevada's Investor Relations Department, Exchange Tower, 130 King Street West, Suite 740, P.O. Box 467, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5X 1E4 or to firstname.lastname@example.com SummaryFranco-Nevada is a gold focused royalty and stream company. The Company has a diversified portfolio of cash-flow producing assets and interests in some of the largest new gold development and exploration projects in the world. Its business model benefits from rising commodity prices and new discoveries while limiting exposure to operating and capital cost inflation. Franco-Nevada has substantial cash with no debt and is generating cash flow from its portfolio that is being used to expand its portfolio and pay monthly dividends. Franco-Nevada's common shares trade under the symbol FNV on both the Toronto and New York stock exchanges.SOURCE: Franco-Nevada CorporationFor further information: please go to our website at www.franco-nevada.com or contact: Stefan Axell Manager, Investor Relations 416-306-6328 email@example.com Sandip Rana Chief Financial Officer 416-306-6303


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RBar Patio Party at Ruth's Chris Clayton with ALIVE Magazine
ALIVE Magazine
Thursday, June 26, 2014 from 6:00 PM to 9:00 PM (CDT)
Date: 06/26/2014
Time: 6-9pm
Kick off patio season in style with a party for ALIVE readers at Ruth's Chris Clayton RBar! A chic, outdoor cocktail party awaits on June 26, complete with $5 specialty Grey Goose cocktails, $3 Kräftig drafts, signature appetizers and entertainment from DJ Trash Talk. Don't procrastinate with your RSVP because only early birds are entered for the chance to win a private patio party for you and 10 guests, complete with complimentary cocktails and appetizers (must be present to win). Go ahead and start your weekend a little early – gather a group of friends and coworkers and head to Ruth's Chris Clayton RBar for one the hottest patio parties in the city!
ALIVE Media Group was founded in October 2002 with the launch of ALIVE Magazine. Started by St. Louis entrepreneurs, the publication aimed to fill a gap in the media landscape, which lacked a magazine providing relevant lifestyle, fashion and culture content to local readers.
With its fresh editorial approach, surprise celebrity covers and eye-catching design, ALIVE quickly become a must-read for St. Louisans looking for the latest information on fashion, entertainment, culture, dining, nightlife, wedding planning and home design. After two years of publishing, ALIVE launched its events division and began producing some of the highest quality and well-attended events in the community. We now produce monthly issue launch parties, custom events for clients and other events for specific segments of our audience. And, with a passion for giving back to St. Louis causes, we incorporate local nonprofits and charities into each of our events.
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I think the Alzheimer's is getting to MikeC...
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Son Goku
Registered User
Join Date: Feb 2003
Location: 439 East District, Mount Paozu
Posts: 1,714
Re: I think the Alzheimer's is getting to MikeC...
Originally Posted by
i always say it is the year that has justy passed about 3 months after the new year as well. I dont think it is that i froget the year, i think it is the fact that is just does not feel like a new year to me
Banks are usually good about taking them for awhile, even though it's the wrong year. Probably because many people do this. Still, my mother for instane was doing this until April or May one year, and people started bawlking, because well they wanted to get payed
Still, when my paternal grandfather got older, he did worse, though it wasn't forgetfullness
At the age of 55, he kept "forgetting" what his age was, so he started subtracting a year each time his birthday swung around :devious: Still, my father was born in 1925, so as to his father, well, they just didn't keep the sorta records on individuals they do now. They probably didn't have a birth certificate to verify anything by
BTW, is today Tuesday 2, or Wednesday in the roundup? Sorry, I just couldn't help myself there
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47 year old woman | Denver, CO, USA | Seeking men 39-52 within 25 miles
Hi! *** UPDATE: My membership expires on November 19 and I will be gone then. My vision for my next chapter is to create an awesome romantic relationship with a special guy. I want to find someone I admire who has the right stuff to complement what I bring to a relationship. My friends tell me I'm loving and supportive, funny, fun, smart, together and loyal. I have tons of energy and self awareness. I enjoy two way conversations and learning new things. I run, play tennis, hike, bike and workout at my club (weights, spin and yoga). I love sharing what I know and learning from others. In a romantic relationship, I like to be, well, romantic! I want to swing on a hammock in the shade while we plan our next adventure. I want hugs, kisses and laughter. I want to feel the giggle underneath the surface before the lol moment erupts! I like banter and flirting and playful competition. I want to feel safe, happy and confident in the decision to date you. I will also appreciate your strengths and goals. What works for me: A man who has the awareness of what a good match for him would be and what doesn't work for him. A man who is open to a relationship because his wounds are healed. An attractive, smart, successful, fit and healthy guy who has friends, interests and high integrity. A man who values women and what gifts the right one could bring to his life. An authentic man who has a witty sense of humor but is rarely crude. A strong but kind hearted guy. A man who is tired of mediocrity. What doesn't work? The opposite of the above! :) Sound good to you? Let's chat to see if we make each other laugh and if there's a spark! Joan
Coffee and conversation , Cooking , Dining out , Movies/Videos , Museums and art , Music and concerts , Exploring new areas , Nightclubs/Dancing , Performing arts , Playing sports , Religion/Spiritual , Shopping/Antiques , Travel/Sightseeing , Video games , Volunteering , Watching sports , Wine tasting
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I exercise 5 or more times per week.
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I'm moving to Cherry Creek so CC, Wash Park and DT are favs. I enjoy running, hiking, biking and skiing in the mts. I am of Irish decent to anything Irish is fun. I love live music and parties. I have vacationed in Europe and across the US
DePaul University, Chicago, IL
Running, SPIN class, tennis, Hiking, Biking, Skiing, Yoga. Going to parties, going on scenic drives, listening to live music.
I am a person who likes anything athletic, especially running, tennis, biking, hiking, skiing. I also enjoy travel, dancing, conversations, listening to all kinds of music and parties.
Running book, tennis book, Eat for Health by Dr. Joel Fuhrman.
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
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I am an HR Consultant for Talent Acquisition
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I am a first generation Irish American (my parents were immigrants). I was raised in an Irish American home with 6 brothers and sisters in the City of Chicago. My Irish heritage is important to me, although I consider myself American. I can do a jig!
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I believe in God, prayer and the inherent goodness of others. I believe we are all one and it's all good!
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I attended DePaul in Chicago and graduated in the Honor's Program in Liberal Arts, Business and Spanish. I am very proud of the fact that I graduated from such a good school on my own dime (working). I am always adding to my fund of knowledge.


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Environmental Issues: Transportation
Less Driving, More Saving
The Economic Benefits of Cutting Car Travel
The commonly held belief that more driving fosters economic growth is simply a myth. Fortunately, the fact that the two are not linked is good news for our pocketbooks, our commutes, and our environment. Efforts to cut driving and reduce traffic are most definitely good for the economy. When we look at efforts to both make our transportation system more efficient—using carpool lanes or more transit—and change land use to reduce theneed to drive—via transit-friendly development and walkable neighborhoods—we see that the economic benefits are significant.
last revised 4/2/2012
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NRDC Gets Top Ratings from the Charity Watchdogs
- Charity Navigator awards NRDC its 4-star top rating.
- Worth magazine named NRDC one of America's 100 best charities.
- NRDC meets the highest standards of the Wise Giving Alliance of the Better Business Bureau.


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Romania – highest share of domestic trips for residents
In 2012, EU28 residents made 1.2 billion trips of one night or more. Almost half of these trips (48 percent) were for holidays and leisure, 35 percent for visits to relatives and friends, 13 percent for business and 4 percent for other reasons. These figures come from an online publication, Tourism trips of Europeans, from Eurostat, the statistical office of the European Union. The highest shares of trips of EU residents within their country (domestic trips) were observed in Romania (95 percent), Spain and Greece (both 92 percent), Portugal (90 percent) and France (89 percent). On the other hand, the largest proportions of trips abroad (outbound trips) were registered by residents of Luxembourg (97 percent), Belgium (78 percent), Malta (60 percent) and Slovenia (55 percent). The average length of stay varied from more than seven nights for residents of Greece (7.5 nights), Cyprus (7.2) and Belgium (7.1) to less than four nights for residents of Latvia (3.1), Finland (3.4), Denmark (3.6) and Hungary (3.7). The average trip length was 5.2 nights.
The same Eurostat data reveal that in all EU28 Member States, the top destination of outbound trips made by residents in 2012 was a neighbouring or nearby country, except for residents of Romania (Italy was the top destination) and the United Kingdom (Spain). Among the top three outbound destinations of trips, Spain was among the top three for residents of eleven Member States, Germany of ten Member States, Italy of nine, France of eight, the United Kingdom of seven and Croatia of four.
Cars were the main means of transport for trips in 2012 for all Member States except for Malta, with the highest shares for residents of Slovenia (84 percent of all trips), Portugal (80 percent), Spain (78 percent), the Czech Republic (75 percent), France (73 percent) and Hungary (71 percent). For buses, the largest shares were registered for residents of Romania (38 percent), Bulgaria (23 percent) and Estonia (21 percent), and for water transport Malta (43 percent), Greece (14 percent) and Estonia (13 percent).


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YIELD: Makes 8 servings
For cake:
Preheat oven to 350°F. Butter an 8"-diameter cake pan. Line with a parchment round; butter parchment. Dust pan with flour.
Pulse hazelnuts and 1 tablespoon granulated sugar in a food processor until finely ground; set aside 2 tablespoons nut mixture. Whisk baking powder, salt, 1 cup flour, and remaining nut mixture in a medium bowl.
Using an electric mixer on high speed, beat 1/2 cup butter and remaining granulated sugar in a large bowl until light and fluffy, about 3 minutes. Add eggs one at a time, beating to blend between additions. Reduce speed to low and mix in dry ingredients. Scrape batter into prepared pan, and sprinkle with reserved nut mixture and raw sugar.
Bake until cake is golden brown and a tester inserted into the center of cake comes out clean, 40–45 minutes. Transfer pan to a wire rack; let cake cool in pan before turning out.
DO AHEAD: Cake can be baked 1 day ahead. Keep wrapped tightly at room temperature.
For sauce and assembly:
Bring granulated sugar, corn syrup, and 2 tablespoons water to a boil in a medium saucepan over medium-high heat, stirring to dissolve sugar. Boil, swirling pan occasionally, until mixture turns a deep amber color, 8–10 minutes. Remove from heat and gradually add cream (mixture will bubble vigorously). Cook over medium heat, stirring occasionally, until smooth, about 2 minutes. Remove from heat and mix in butter and salt.Let cool slightly before serving with cake.
DO AHEAD: Caramel sauce can be made 5 days ahead. Cover and chill. Bring to room temperature before serving.


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Tourists took in the view of tulip fields from a windmill at Keukenhof floral park Thursday in Lisse, Netherlands, near Amsterdam. Keukenhof is a showcase of the Dutch floricultural industry, with an emphasis on flowering bulbs. Keukenhof is open from March 20 to May 18 and is expected to attract more than 800,000 visitors admiring more than 7 million flowers.
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Holland America Line
Book your Holland America Australia cruise in 2015 and 2016 with Cruise Guru and experience our unrivalled first hand knowledge of Holland America, having cruised all over the world on numerous Holland America ships.
Cruise on thems Volendam and the larger ms Oosterdam from Sydney and Auckland, to New Zealand, Asia and theSouth Pacific during our summer months. In addition, the ms Noordam and ms Amsterdam which features the very latest in shipbuilding technology will grace our shores 2015 and 2016 as part of their Grand World Voyages.
To ensure you stay on top of our latest offers view ourHolland America cruise deals.
For international destinations and departures, including Holland America Alaska, America, Asia and Europe, use our Cruise Finder tool to find your ideal cruise, or alternatively contact us for expert assistance in choosing the right cruise to meet your needs.
View photos of the ms Volendam in Sydney or view photos of the ms Oosterdam just after she came out of dry dock a few years ago.


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A mirror array light valve is described comprising a transparent substrate, a plurality of post members arranged in a regular array on said substrate, and a plurality of deflectable square, rectangular, hexagonal or the like light-reflecting elements arranged in a regular array on said post members such that a post member is positioned under a corresponding corner of each element; methods for making the mirror array light valve are also described.
1. A mirror array light valve comprising an array of deformable light reflected elements, each of said elements being supported by a post member extending from a base member, said post member being straight-sided, the joint between said post and said element being at the edge of the element and being confined to a small portion of said edge,
said posts comprising hollow cylinders formed by a self-limiting etching process comprising forming a straight-sided hole in a silicon body, processing the interior surface of said hole to convert to material which is resistant to a silicon etch, and etching away the body of silicon not so converted by said processing.
2. A mirror array light valve according to claim 1 wherein said elements comprise portions etched from a thin layer formed on said silicon body prior to said etching away of said body.
This invention relates to a mirror array light valve adapted for use with e.g., a cathode-ray tube in conjunction with Schlieren optics forming a system for projecting images upon a display screen. 2. Description of the Prior Art
In forming an image pattern corresponding to a cathode-ray pattern for projection, several techniques are employed. One common technique employs a fluorescent screen containing phosphors which are excited at high energy levels in order to produce an image on the screen. Such a system is employed in commercial television. However, the area of utility for such fluorescent screens is limited, and as the area over which it is desired to project a display becomes larger, other systems must be used.
One such system is the oil film eidophor system, in which an external light source is spatially modulated by an oil film the surface of which is rippled by an electron beam in the cathode-ray tube. The oil eidophor system is very complex, expensive, and subject to cathode deterioration due to the presence of the oil film in the vacuum tube.
An alternative to the eidophor system is to employ an array of deflectable mirror elements in conjunction with an external light source; the mirror elements are deflectable in response to the cathode-ray signal. Such systems are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 2,681,380, issued June 15, 1954, and in IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, Volume 13, number 8, August 1970, pages 603-604, both of which describe rectangular edge-mounted mirror elements.
More recently, U.S. Pat. No. 3,746,911, issued July 17, 1973 describes an electrostatically deflectable light valve for use in a large area projection display in which the elements of the array are comprised of a centrally-located post supporting a reflective element, and U.S. Pat. No. 3,886,310, issued May 27, 1975 describes similar electrostatically deflectable light valves in which each element is divided into four wing portions which are oriented so as to be deflectable in four different directions, and which thereby reflect external light to four separate quadrants.
The present invention relates to a novel mirror array light valve comprising (a) a transparent substrate, (b) a plurality of post members arranged in a regular array on said substrate, and (c) a plurality of deflectable square, rectangular, hexagonal or the like light-reflecting elements arranged in a regular array on said post members such that a post member is positioned under a corresponding corner of each element. The invention also relates to methods for making such a mirror array light valve.
A mirror array light valve according to the present invention provides improved image resolution and contrast compared with prior art systems.
The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following more particular description of preferred embodiments of the invention, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 schematically illustrates in cross-section the various stages of a preferred method of making a mirror array light valve according to the invention.
FIG. 2 illustrates an enlarged perspective view of portion of a mirror array light valve according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 illustrates the structure resulting from an alternative process.
FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic showing of a light valve projection system employing a mirror array of the kind shown in FIG. 2.
According to the present invention, the mirror array light valve includes a plurality of deflectable square, rectangular, hexagonal or similar generally symmetrical, tightly packable light reflecting elements arranged in a regular array, with each light reflecting element being supported on a post member, and with the post members being positioned under a corresponding corner of each element. Thus the light reflecting elements are essentially cantilever mounted, resulting in favorable deflection properties for the elements, due to the restricted area occupied by the post member and its location under a corner of the element.
The square shape is preferred for the light reflecting elements in view of human factor requirements and because the square shape is well adapted to provision of a dense rectilinear array for ease of addressing via a raster system, but the rectangular and other shapes are potentially useful.
By the positioning of the supporting post members under corresponding corners of each element, each of the light reflecting elements is rendered deflectable in the same direction, so that the reflected light is directed to a single quadrant. By use of Schlieren optics, light can be blocked in three quadrants, to permit transmission only of the light shifted by the deflection of the light reflecting elements in the mirror array light valve of the invention through the fourth quadrant, thereby significantly reducing background light in the display.
The mirror array light valve of the invention can be prepared by several methods.
In general, first a silicon surface layer is formed on a substrate comprising a transparent vitrous material, such as quartz, sapphire, or spinel. The silicon layer may be an epitaxial, polycrystalline, or amorphous layer formed by chemical vapor deposition of silicon.
By a sequence of treatment steps including resist masking, etching, chemical conversion, and metallization a regular array of elements, supported by corresponding corner-position posts, in the desired pattern, e.g., square, is obtained, as is described in detail below.
FIG. 1 shows a preferred method according to the invention. As illustrated in Step (1) of FIG. 1, a layer of etchable silicon 11, e.g., single crystal silicon, is applied to a transparent substrate 10, e.g., sapphire substantially free of optical distortion, by, e.g., chemical vapor deposition.
Then, in Step (2) an n-dopant diffusion barrier layer 13 is formed on the silicon layer 11. By an n-dopant is meant an element which, in its electronically neutral state, has one more electron in its highest occupied orbital than does the element being doped. With respect to silicon, the n-dopants are phosphorous, antimony, and arsenic. The n-dopant diffusion barrier layer may be thermally grown silicon dioxide, or vapor deposited silicon dioxide or silicon nitride for example.
The barrier layer is then masked with a first resist pattern 15 so that no resist is present in areas 16 corresponding to the desired pattern of the plurality of post members. This is shown in Step (3).
Then, in Step (4), the portions of the barrier layer 13 underlying the areas 16 and thus unprotected by the resist pattern 15, i.e., areas corresponding to the desired post member locations, are removed, e.g., by reactive ion etching. This yields an n-dopant diffusion barrier layer having openings corresponding to the locations at which it is desired to form the plurality of post members. Following this, the resist pattern 15 is removed.
Then, in Step (5), the silicon layer 11 portions unprotected by the barrier layer 13 are etched through to the substrate layer 10 using reactive ion etching to obtain straight sided holes 17 perpendicular to the substrate 10.
In Step (6), an n-dopant, which is preferably phosphorous, is diffused laterally into the silicon layer at the post locations where the silicon layer is not protected by the n-dopant diffusion barrier and where it is desired to form the plurality of post members. By this step, cylindrical layers 18 of n+ -doped silicon are formed in the silicon body 11, in the portions thereof defining the side walls of the holes 17.
The n-dopant diffusion mask 13 is then removed, Step (7). In Step (8), thermal oxide having tubular and flat portions 19p and 19e is grown on the silicon layer 11 at a temperature where the oxidation rate of the n+ -doped silicon is approximately three times that of the undoped silicon. This temperature is preferably about 800� C. This step results in slight narrowing of the holes 17 but, more importantly, a relatively thick cylindrical or tubular post structure 19p of oxide in and at the walls of the holes 17. The posts 19p are continuous with thinner oxide flat portions 19e and form the support for the same in the final structure.
Step (9) is shown in both plan and section (9a) diagrams. In this step, a second resist pattern with the resist areas defining an array of discrete areas 20 arranged such that a corresponding corner of each area is positioned over a location of the silicon layer containing the thermal silicon dioxide cylindrical post 19p previously formed by oxidation of the n+ -doped silicon. The areas 20 shown have the preferred square shape and orthogonal grid arrangement.
Then the thermal silicon dioxide surface layer 13 is (preferably reactive ion) etched to form a plurality of elements 21 therein corresponding to the mask areas 20, arranged in a regular array with a silicon dioxide post 19p under a corresponding corner of each of the silicon dioxide elements. The resist is then removed and the silicon is etched away using an etchant which attacks the silicon but not the silicon dioxide to leave the desired structure, Step (10). A suitable etchant is pyrocatechol ethylenediamine, for example.
Lastly, as shown in Step (11), a thin film of a reflective metal, preferably aluminum, is deposited onto the array to form a plurality of electrically isolated, individually electrostatically deflectable light reflecting elements 23, with a conductive counter-electrode grid 24 of the reflective metal being formed on the substrate surface corresponding to the interstices between the light reflecting elements. Preferably this metallization step is by vacuum deposition. The metal should be as thin as possible, consistent with the desired reflectivity and conductivity, typically about 300 Å. Some of the metal is deposited within the posts as well, but this is of no significant consequence. As set forth below, the Schlieren stop will intercept most of the scattered light resulting from the presence of such structures.
FIG. 2 shows the resulting light valve structure, including the elements 23, the grid 24, and the posts 19p on the substrate 10. In the configuration shown in FIG. 2, the cylindrical posts are hollow and of generally triangular cross-section. They could be solid cylinders as set forth below. In either case, the illustrated triangular shape facilitates placement of the posts near the corner of corresponding element 23. The showing of FIG. 2 is more representative of desirable geometry, while the showings of FIG. 1 and FIG. 3 are distorted to illustrate the various process steps clearly.
Because the cylindrical posts 19p are straight-sided and perpendicular to the substrate, they do not interfere with the deflection of adjacent elements 23 or the formation of the counter-electrode grid 24. Moreover, as will be set forth hereinafter, a preferred optical arrangement for utilization of the light valve structure involves a light path through the substrate 10 and the valve element components 19e to the underside of the reflective elements 23. In such case it is an advantage that the posts are shaped and disposed to allow light applied to the elements through the substrate to be reflected from substantially the entire available reflective area of each element 23.
The straight-sided configuration results from the fact that the posts are formed by wall modification, from the inside outwardly into the mass of undoped silicon; see Step (6). This results in hollow or tubular cylindrical posts. If desired, hole dimensions and oxide growth duration may be made such that the cylinders are vertically filled, or the apertures therein can be filled by appropriate masking and deposition steps with another substance such as chemically vapor deposited silicon dioxide, in either case resulting in solid cylindrical posts.
An alternative method of producing the valve structure is to use a p-dopant such as boron instead of phosphorous to produce p+ -doped sidewalls, and perform the oxidation at 1000� C. FIG. 3 shows the result. An anisotropic etchant such as pyrocatechol ethylenediamine (R. M. Finne and D. L. Klein, J. Electrochem. Soc. 114:965 (1965)) will preferentially dissolve the undoped silicon (not shown) away from the volume 28 under the silicon dioxide valve element 19e' and up to the p+ -doped silicon 19p". The final structure, which is mechanically similar and optically equivalent to that previously described, will be produced with a post 19p' and a silicon dioxide deformable member 19e'. The post 19p' will consist essentially of p+ -doped silicon 19p" coated with thin oxide, continuous with element 19e', in its hollow portion.
FIG. 4 shows the use of the light valve structure in a display. A cathode ray tube 30 has deflection means 31 whereby electron beam 32 is directed to various locations on light valve array 34. Typically, this is done in an overall pattern such as a raster pattern. Concurrently, beam current is modulated by control grid 36, with the result that charges of various amplitudes are placed on the individual array elements. Light passes from the light source, through the Schlieren lens and the face plate of tube 30 to the light valve structure 34. Light reflected from valve structure 34 passes through the projection lens and the aperture 40 of the Schlieren stop 42 to the projection screen; as in conventional Schlieren systems, the stop is located in the focal plane of the projection lens.
However, in the system of the present invention, the stop has a specially shaped aperture to cooperate with the light valve structure of the invention. The placement of the post at the same corner of each and every deflectable light valve element 23 causes light reflected from the deflected elements to be directed toward the same quadrant 44 of the Schlieren stop 42. The stop aperture 40 is located in that quadrant. The stop 42 receives the diffraction pattern caused by the various reflecting structures of the light valve. Light from the undeflected elements 23 and the fixed structures of the light valve, such as the grid 24, are imaged onto the stop in all four quadrants.
By transmitting the light from the deflected elements 23 through only one quadrant, that having the aperture 40, and blocking all other light that is incident on the other quadrants of the stop 42, the contrast ratio is enhanced over that achievable with the conventional stop. Such a conventional stop blocks primarily only the diffraction pattern caused by the undeflected elements. Light diffracted by the finer structures such as the grid passes such conventional stops substantially unblocked.
While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departure from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Patent Citations
Non-Patent Citations
Referenced by
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Picture: Jon Hamm and wife attend the Instyle party at AME during the 35th Toronto International Film Festival 2010 Toronto, Canada - 11.09.10
The much anticipated season four finale of 'Mad Men' aired last night (October 17th 2010) with Jon Hamm'S character 'Don Draper', proposing to his secretary 'Megan', played by Jessica Pare. Elsewhere, audiences witnessed 'Betty Draper' fire the family maid 'Carla', and Peggy Olson bringing in new business to the advertising agency.
However, certain reviews of the episode have highlighted the lack of 'major revelations', especially for a season finale, and MTV News said, "Sunday night's episode of "Mad Men" - the last of season four - couldn't help but be disappointing". In the episode, entitled, 'Tomorrowland', Don somewhat surprisingly asked Megan to marry him while the pair visited Disneyland with his children. However, he used the engagement ring that was given to him by the widow of the man's identity he stole, another reminder of Draper's dark past. It was also revealed that Office Manager Joan did indeed keep the baby, which is to Roger Sterling and not her husband, a storyline that has been the subject of much speculation amongst fans.
However, the finale didn't fulfil expectation according to MTV, who summarised, "While a bad episode of "Mad Men" is still better than most good episodes of just about anything else, Sunday night's finale couldn't help but feel a little hollow".


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Your Saturday is looking lovely with sunny skies and a high near 79. Winds will be from the south at 15 to 20 mph, with gusts as high as 30 mph.
It will be mostly clear tonight with a low around 56 and southern winds around 15 mph.
Visit weather.gov to get an early preview at next week's forecast.


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questionable trafffic ticket from Arezzo
I received a ticket from the Polizia Municpale (Commune di Arezzo) by European Municipality Outsourcing via unregistered mail for the following infraction: ART.7 C 1/14A - The vehicle crossed a limited hours area outside of authorized hours. They give the time and date which coincide with when I was in Arezzo. I never received any notification before this notice, such as ticket on the window, etc. To me this ticket appears fraudulent, is there any way to find out if it is valid. It appears to be like some of the tickets other travelers have received on this helpline that are fraudulent. It also appears that Avis forwarded my name, but so far no sign they have my credit card or have charged to it. Any ideas on this would be appreciated. Thanks


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Hang tight!
Recipe by POOPSIE_PIE
"A splendid French dish. My grandfather brought this to the United States back in the early 1900's and has been the dish of choice in many households since."
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skinless, boneless chicken breast halves
1/4 cup
butter, melted
1 tablespoon
2 tablespoons
cooking oil
1 1/2 teaspoons
garlic powder
1/2 large
onion, finely chopped
I could have given this 5 stars...but only after I made several changes. I left out the onion (not being a big fan) and mixed all other "sauce" ingredients together...I also upped the honey amount to about 1/8 C., used garlic salt instead of powder, onion powder in place of the minced onion, about 1/2 tsp. lemon zest, and pepper to taste. Here's the kicker...i only used 5 breasts. Once I dunked them in the mixture, I poured what was left over the top!! AWESOME!!!!!!!!!!
This was just okay. I followed the recipe exactly, but did scale it down for 1 chicken breast. Maybe that's why the sauce didn't carmelize. The only good thing I can say is that the diced onion smelled good while cooking.
30 Ratings
Don't be fooled by the simplicity of this recipe! The ingredients meld to form a delicious carmelized sauce with a roasted flavor that permeates the chicken breasts. This is so simple and absolutely delicious...I would definitely serve this to guests for an elegant meal. I used fresh garlic in place of the garlic powder (3 large cloves to 12 chicken breasts). Thank you for sharing this family recipe!
This was a wonderful, easy meal to cook. It was light but went perfect with our side dish...french onion soup! Thanks:)
I made this tonight with only 4 chicken breasts and after reading many reviews decided to use minced garlic, 1/8 cup of honey, garlic salt, and kept the onion. The "sauce" did not caramelize AT ALL. It was like juice. I even raised the temperature to 375 and then higher to 400 (I'd taken the chicken out at this point). The sauce started to bubble around the edges but that's really it. The flavor was just ok. My husband and I had to add salt, but it was still just ok. Kinda disappointed I tried. :(
This chicken turned out so juicy & it had a really nice, sweet taste. The flavor was not really pronounced, but with a bit of salt added to it, you can taste the honey mingling with the butter, onions & garlic powder. I would recommend this for a light meal in the evening. It's so easy that even a novice could make it!
This was very good!!! I used legs instead of boneless skinless chicken, still cooked for an hour, and they came out perfect! Amazing how so few ingredients can come together to make a very yummy dish. Thanks for sharing this recipe!
WOW!!!!! I make a lot of chicken, and this may possibly be the best I have ever made! Very delicious, although I will say it was a tad on the dry side (which I kind of assumed would be the case in looking at the cook time). I used fresh garlic rather than the powder, as I generally do. I cannot wait to pass this recipe around to others. One bit of advice would be to line your pan with foil prior to making this - the sauce can get a bit sticky!! Thanks, Keith, I definately give this one two thumbs up!! :)
* Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet.
El Grande Borezo Chicken
Serving Size: 1/12 of a recipe
Servings Per Recipe: 12
Amount Per Serving
Calories: 193
Calories from Fat: 80
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Rapunzel had hair so long that it extended out of her tower down to the ground to her prince. With hair that long, it would have cost Rapunzel her golden crown to get Keratin treatment. Fortunately, with today's Groupon, you can get the benefits of full Brazilian Keratin treatment for 549 AED instead of 1500 AED from Viva Ladies Saloon.
Brazilian Keratin treatment is the latest – and some say the greatest – innovation in the hair straightening arena. This treatment is composed of Keratin (a protein that is found naturally in the hair), vitamins and other healthy ingredients, so it is free from chemical products and completely safe. What you get is hair that is 80% straighter that stays that way for 5 to 6 months. With this Groupon, you will also get 25% off on shampoo and conditioner. You don't even have to worry about parking as this comes free at Viva Ladies Saloon.


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The Interstate Passport is a new framework for block transfer of lower-division general education based on learning outcomes and transfer-level proficiency criteria.
The Passport originated as a grass-roots effort by academic leaders in the WICHE region. While the overarching goal of the project is simple - to eliminate unnecessary repetition of academic work after students transfer - the ramifications of this goal are profound. The Passport is designed to improve graduation rates, shorten time to degree, and save students money. It can also strengthen existing articulation agreements and help institutions in continuous improvement efforts.
All of the Passport elements have been designed by faculty, registrars, institutional researchers, and academic advisors. These individuals have come together in both intra and interstate meetings to develop the new framework that is based on learning outcomes and transfer-level proficiency criteria, rather than credits and courses. To learn more about this project, please follow the links on the menu at left. Please feel free to contact us; we look forward to hearing from you!


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Pentagon grounds entire F-35 fleetFebruary 23,2013
WASHINGTON — The Pentagon on Friday grounded its fleet of F-35 fighter jets after discovering a cracked engine blade in one plane.
The problem was discovered during what the Pentagon called a routine inspection at Edwards Air Force Base, Calif., of an F-35A, the Air Force version of the sleek new plane. The Navy and the Marine Corps are buying other versions of the F-35, which is intended to replace older fighters like the Air Force F-16 and the Navy F/A-18.
All versions — a total of 51 planes — were grounded Friday pending a more in-depth evaluation of the problem discovered at Edwards. None of the planes have been fielded for combat operations; all are undergoing testing.
In a brief written statement, the Pentagon said it is too early to know the full impact of the newly discovered problem.
The F-35 is the Pentagon's most expensive weapons program at a total estimated cost of nearly $400 billion. The Pentagon envisions buying more than 2,400 F-35s, but some members of Congress are balking at the price tag.
Friday's suspension of flight operations will remain in effect until an investigation of the problem's root cause is determined.
The Pentagon said the engine in which the problem was discovered is being shipped to a Pratt & Whitney facility in Connecticut for more thorough evaluation.MORE IN This Just InSafety warning for Full StoryBETHEL Police have made an arrest nearly a week after a hit-and-run accident in which the... Full StoryBENNINGTON A man is accused of crashing his car in Winhall on May 11 and then leaving the scene. Full Story
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This Premier Inn hotel is on Caernarfon Harbour, a 3-minute walk from the town centre, Caernarfon Castle, Segontium Roman fort and the Welsh Highland Railway (for trips into Snowdonia). The Premier Inn Caernarfon is a hotel with comfortable en suite rooms and a Table Table restaurant. You can take the short trip over Britannia Bridge to Anglesey, for Pili Palas Nature World and Sea Zoo. Some rooms can take 2 adults and up to 2 children (under 16 years). The 2 children also get a free full breakfast when accompanied by an adult eating a full breakfast. The full all-you-can-eat breakfast has the expected cooked items, including vegetarian sausages, as well as a wide continental selection.
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The Ciona intestinalis genome is the smallest of any experimentally manipulable chordate, and thus provides a good system for exploring vertebrate evolutionary origins. This Ensembl website presents the sequence data provided by the Kyoto University, with additional Ensembl genebuild (see below).
The current size of the assembly (which includes unmapped scaffolds) is 115Mb, with 78Mb of the assembly mapped to chromosome arms The N50 size is the length such that 50% of the assembled genome lies in blocks of the N50 size or longer. The N50 size of scaffolds is 98.07 kb.
The genome assembly represented here corresponds to GenBank Assembly ID GCA_000224145.1
Other assemblies
- JGI2 (Ensembl release 59)
Gene annotation
The standard Ensembl mammalian pipeline was modified for annotation of the Ciona genome, owing to the lack of genomic information from closely related species. Thus, in addition to aligning known Ciona proteins to the genome sequence (as per the standard pipeline), the large quantities of Ciona-specific cDNA and EST sequences were aligned against the genome and then protein data from other species was used to build additional gene models.
In addition to the coding transcript models, non-coding RNAs and pseudogenes were annotated.
More information
General information about this species can be found in Wikipedia.
|KH, INSDC Assembly GCA_000224145.1, Apr 2011
|Database version
|Base Pairs
|Golden Path Length
The golden path is the length of the reference assembly. It consists of the sum of all top-level sequences in the seq_region table, omitting any redundant regions such as haplotypes and PARs (pseudoautosomal regions).
|Genebuild by
|Genebuild method
|Full genebuild
|Genebuild started
|Aug 2011
|Genebuild released
|Mar 2012
|Genebuild last updated/patched
|Mar 2014
Gene counts
|Coding genes
Genes and/or transcript that contains an open reading frame (ORF).
|Non coding genes
|Small non coding genes
Small non coding genes are usually fewer than 200 bases long. They may be transcribed but are not translated. In Ensembl, genes with the following biotypes are classed as small non coding genes: miRNA, miscRNA, rRNA, scRNA, snlRNA, snoRNA, snRNA, and also the pseudogenic form of these biotypes. The majority of the small non coding genes in Ensembl are annotated automatically by our ncRNA pipeline. Please note that tRNAs are annotated separately using tRNAscan. tRNAs are included as 'simple fetaures', not genes, because they are not annotated using aligned sequence evidence.
|Misc non coding genes
A pseudogene shares an evolutionary history with a functional protein-coding gene but it has been mutated through evolution to contain frameshift and/or stop codon(s) that disrupt the open reading frame.
|Gene transcriptsNucleotide sequence resulting from the transcription of the genomic DNA to mRNA. One gene can have different transcripts or splice variants resulting from the alternative splicing of different exons in genes.
|Genscan gene predictions


text:
Danja Zone speaks after his battle with Daylyt at KOTD's Back to Basics 2 in Los Angeles, CA.
Rap Grid catches up to Chilla after his dope battle with Dizaster at KOTD's "Back 2 Basics 2" in Los Angeles.
Check out some of the most memorable battles that have gone down over the last month.


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I love Alicia Rhodes porn. She would do anything and with that fucking dirty mouth i a British accent.
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I used warm, brown shades on the eyes, some gold sparkles and just a winged liner; a shimmery reddish-pink blush on the cheeks and a bright lip with MAC Proenza Schouler Lipstick in Mangrove;
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Boris Johnson
Don't be blinded by the relentless showmanship and the buffoonish charms of "Boris" the brand. As he heads for parliament once more, it's vital we pay attention to his failure to initiate very much of lasting worth during his tenure as Mayor of London.
The Mayor will not allow himself to be outflanked on national security in a future Conservative leadership contest.
The Mayor has finally woken up to the scale of the capital's air pollution crisis, six years late.
Why it's time to stop the light-touch approach to private rented sector regulation.
His pledge has failed.
The book reads as if it was dictated, not written. All the way through we hear Boris's voice; it's like being cornered in the Drones Club and harangued for hours by Bertie Wooster.
Politicians, both here and across the pond, have written a surprising amount of poetry over the years. Here are some of the best (or worst) bits.
The Mayor of London gave a markedly loyal speech today, among the usual characteristic flourishes. Is defence against Ukip uniting the Tories?
Air pollution in London will haunt the Mayor of London once again, as his appearance at parliament's Environment Committee today marks an annus horribilis for air quality in the capital.
The Thames estuary airport idea has been rejected; the Mayor of London wasted £5.2m on lobbying for it.


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Working hard on my new portfolio!
The website is pretty much done, so now is the time to work on the cases. This one is for the blog www.7daysofgoodness.com.
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Masters of Deception: Escher, Dali and the Artists of Optical IllusionHardback
List price $26.67
Unavailable - AbeBooks may have this title.
Additional formats available
- Format
- Paperback $17.84
- Publisher: STERLING
- Format: Hardback | 320 pages
- Dimensions: 234mm x 280mm x 32mm | 1,660g
- Publication date: 20 August 2005
- Publication City/Country: New York
- Illustrations note: 320+ colour illustrations
- Sales rank: 889,447
Product description
The definitive book of optical illusions featuring works by Escher and Dali. With delightful trickery and visual puns, this book features: colour illustrations throughout; astonishing creations by masters of the art, such as Escher, Dali, and Archimbolo; amazing visual trickery; and an illuminating foreword by the Pulitzer Prize-winning author Douglas R. Hofstadter makes this 320-page, breathtaking collection the definitive book of optical illusions. Rings of seahorses that seem to rotate on the page. Butterflies that transform right before your eyes into two warriors with their horses. A mosaic portrait of oceanographer Jacques Cousteau made from seashells. These dazzling and often playful artistic creations manipulate perspective so cleverly that they simply outwit our brains: we can't just take a quick glance and turn away. They compel us to look once, twice, and over and over again, as we try to figure out exactly how the delightful trickery manages to fool our perceptions so completely. Of course, first and foremost, every piece is beautiful on the surface, but each one offers us so much more. Some, including Sandro del Prete's charming "Window Gazing," construct illusionary worlds where normal conceptions of up, down, forward, and back simply have no meaning anymore. Others, such as Jos De Mey's sly "Ceci n'est pas un Magritte," create visual puns on earlier work. From Escher's famous and elaborate "Waterfall" to Shigeo Fukuda's "Mary Poppins," where a heap of bottles, glasses, shakers, and openers somehow turn into the image of a Belle Epoque woman when the spotlight hits them, these works of genius will provide endless enjoyment and food for thought.
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text:
I would like different panes to appear in different background colors in my tmux session. Is this possible?
Take the 2-minute tour ×
Super User is a question and answer site for computer enthusiasts and power users. It's 100% free, no registration required.
Unfortunately there is no obvious way to do it. I did a bit of research on the matter and what I ended up doing was changing the BASH prompt color instead of the background color. In my case it works well and helps me identify the different panes at a glance. Here are the two most helpful pages that I found on the subject:
Change The Color of My Shell Prompt
Cnange shell background color on ssh
I hope this helps you on your quest for knowledge :-)
Maybe you can change your colors in your


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Young athletes from across the city took part in the annual Active Schools Champion of Champions event at Harl...Posted: 30 Jun 2015
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High CPU usage on scrolling web pages.
I have a problem when scrolling web pages that Xorg uses about 70% cpu usage and the scrolling jerks. This is on a 6600gt PCI-e card with driver version 9625.
Forcing anti-aliasing off brings things back to normal but with really ugly fonts. Why is antialising causing soo much load? I can see the screen painting!. OpenGL apps are fine so I am assuming the driver is installed ok.
Re: High CPU usage on scrolling web pages.
Are you using Xinerama?
If so, you are apparently cursed with this for evermore.
However if not, you probably just need to enable RenderAccel, by adding the line
Option "RenderAccel" "true"
to the Device section of your xorg.conf
Re: High CPU usage on scrolling web pages.
If you are using subpixel hinted antialiasing for your fonts, try turning off the subpixel hinting.
Re: High CPU usage on scrolling web pages.
What browser are you using? If Qt one, like Opera or Konqueror, you can almost get rid of slowness by running this command:
nvidia-settings -a InitialPixmapPlacement=0
I'm using RGB subpixel AA with 'cleartype-like' patches from David Turner.
Forget to say, it's not working with Xgl/beryl :(
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Brisbane Sightseeing Tour and Brisbane River Cruise
- Three-hour morning Brisbane sightseeing tour and river cruise
- China Town, Parliament House, Newstead House and other significant buildings
- City views from Kangaroo Point and Bartley's Lookouts
- Cruise along the Brisbane River
- Pickup from all centrally located Brisbane hotels
Recent Photos of This Tour
What You Can Expect
Brisbane is rich in history and this tour will take you past many historical and significant architectural buildings, including City Hall, Parliament House, St Johns Cathederal, Treasury Casino and China Town.
Visit Kangaroo Point and Bartley's Lookouts for a fantastic bird's-eye view of this subtropical capital.
Your tour will also include the Wheel of Brisbane experience. Located in South Bank and offering 360 degree panoramic views of Brisbane City.
Customer Reviews
December 2014
A worthwhile tour for newbies such as ourselves, Great tour guide, Bob was friendly and very knowledgeable. Fantastic city.
October 2014
Everything about the tour was fantastic. Prompt pick up, friendly guides and bus driver, information and sites we visited were all of interest. River Cruise very enjoyable with morning tea and to finish at the ferris wheel just fabulous where when finished we had time to walk the beautiful beach side walk. All in all wonderful -a great way to see an overall and history of Brisbane. well done Lyn Bibby