text:
A magnetic marker for use with electronic article surveillance (EAS) systems in which a two-directional very high order harmonic response is obtained. The markers comprise two pairs of elongated strips of low coercive force, high permeability material positioned in a tic-tac-toe configuration such that the strips at right angles to an applied field of an EAS system collect and concentrate the lines of flux associated with the field into the strips parallel to the field, the concentrated flux being sufficient to result in a high harmonic response.
1. A marker for use in an electronic article surveillance system of the type in which an alternating magnetic field in an interrogation zone produces remotely detectable magnetization changes in the marker, wherein the marker comprises at least two pairs of strips of a high permeability, low coercive force, magnetic material, both pairs of strips being positioned in substantially the same plane, with the strips of each pair being positioned to be substantially parallel to each other and intersecting with the strips of the other pair and dimensioned so as to overlap and be magnetically coupled therewith, the extent of such overlap being such that less than 25% of the length of each strip extends beyond the side of an intersecting strip of another pair, the strips of a first pair thereby forming flux collectors to concentrate flux from fields extending substantially parallel to the strips of the second pair into the strips of the second pair.
2. A marker according to claim 1, wherein all of said strips are substantially the same dimension.
3. A marker according to claim 1, wherein all of said strips are substantially the same composition.
4. A marker according to claim 1, further comprising at least one section of permanently magnetizable material positioned adjacent to each of said strips, and magnetically coupled thereto such that when so magnetized the detectable response resulting from the marker is altered.
5. A marker according to claim 4, wherein a piece of permanently magnetizable material is positioned over the intersections of said strips.
This invention relates to electronic article surveillance (EAS) systems and markers used therein, and in particular, to such markers in which the magnetization of a piece of magnetic material in the marker is changed by an alternating magnetic field in an interrogation zone to produce detectable signals indicating the presence of the marker.
It is now well known to utilize a piece of low coercive force, high permeability magnetic material as an EAS marker. Such markers were perhaps first disclosed in the French Pat. No. 763,681, issued in 1934 to Pierre Arthur Picard. More recently, it has become relatively well known to use particularly configured pieces, such as elongated strips of high permeability material, in order to enhance the production of very high order harmonics, thereby improving the reliability with which such markers can be distinguished over signals from other articles such as briefcase frames, umbrellas, etc. Such uses are exemplarily set forth in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,665,449, 3,790,945 and 3,747,086. As such elongated strips are generally detectable only when the interrogating field is aligned with the strips, it is also known from such disclosures to provide for multi-directional response by providing multi-directional fields in the interrogation zone and by providing additional strips in an L, T or X configuration. Alternatively, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,074,249 (Minasy), it is proposed that multi-directional response may be obtained by making the strip crescent-shaped. Furthermore, it is known from U.S. Pat. No. 4,249,167 (Purington et al.) to make a deactivatable multi-directionally responsive marker by providing two elongated strips of permalloy arranged in an X configuration with a few hard magnetic pieces adjacent and co-linear to each of the permalloy strips.
While still recognizing that an elongated, or "open-strip" configuration is desired in order to obtain a very high order harmonic response, U.S. Pat. No. 4,075,618 (Montean) discloses that a marker capable of generating very high order harmonics, thereby being operative in a system such as described in the '449 patent, could be made by adding flux collectors to a short strip of high permeability material which is insufficiently long to meet the definition of an "open-strip". Picard also suggests that polar extensions may be provided to increase the sensitivity, while Fearon '945 suggest the use of pole piece coupons to collect flux.
Markers such as disclosed by Elder, Fearon, Peterson, Minasy and Montean in the above patents have all enjoyed certain commercial success. However, the use of the markers has been restricted by the size, and still primarily elongated shape heretofore believed to be necessary.
EAS systems in which the markers of the present invention are particularly useful typically produce within the interrogation zone fields in a variety of directions. For example, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,300,183 (Richardson), such differently directed fields may be produced by providing currents in coils on opposite sides of the interrogation zone which are alternately in-phase and out-of-phase. The resulting aiding and opposing fields at any given location may be appreciably weaker in one direction than another. Accordingly, a given marker may be unacceptable if reliably detectable only when oriented in the direction associated with the strongest fields produced by the EAS system. Preferably, a commercially viable marker would have sensitivity so as to be reliably detectable regardless of how it is oriented in the zone, however, in a practical sense, it is not necessary to detect markers in each and every orientation and/or location in the zone.
Typical EAS systems designed to be used with elongated "open-strip" type markers are the Model WH-1000 and 1200 systems marketed by Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company. For example, such systems typically produce within the interrogation zones magnetic fields alternating at 10 kHz, and having minimum intensities at the center of the zone of approximately 1.2 oersteds (Oe) when the fields generated in coils on opposite sides of the zone are in an opposing configuration and of approximately 2.4 Oe when in an aiding configuration. The receiver portions of such systems process signals from receiver coils positioned within panels adjacent to the interrogation zone, and activate an alarm circuit in the event signals corresponding to very high order harmonics of the applied field are detected.
To compare the performance of various markers, it is convenient to use a test apparatus which generates fields alternating at a predetermined frequency and has controllable strength comparable to those encountered in such EAS systems. The test apparatus should detect signals in accordance with the harmonic characteristics relied upon in such systems and provide sensitivity values, based on a standard marker to ensure valid comparative results.
Such a test apparatus is preferably calibrated against a present commercially available marker such as type WH-0117 Whispertape brand detection strip manufactured by Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company, which is formed of an amorphous metal 6.7 cm long, 1.6 mm wide and 0.02 mm thick and having the following nominal composition (at %): Co:69%; Fe:4.1%; Ni:3.4%; Mo:1.5%; Si:10%; and B:12%, and which is available from Allied-Signal Corporation as type 2705M. Such a marker is inserted parallel with the field of the test apparatus and the gain is adjusted to indicate a standardized sensitivity value of 1.0 at a 10 kHz field of 1.2 oersteds, that being the minimum field strength at which such a marker would be expected to be reliably detected. At a higher field of 1.4 oersteds, a sensitivity of 4.8 was observed when the amorphous marker was similarly aligned.
It has long been desired to minimize the length of such elongated markers. However, short strips do not have sufficient sensitivity to be even marginally acceptable even at a high field strength and even when dimensioned to maximize high order harmonic response. Similarly, when short pieces are further dimensioned with polar extensions proportional to that depicted in FIG. 7 of Picard, in which the length of the center section is about eight times the center width and the overall length about 13 times the center width, the sensitivity is still unacceptable. For example, a 0.02 mm thick ribbon of the amorphous metal described above was cut to provide 2.5 cm long strips 1.6 mm, 0.8 mm and 0.5 mm wide. Also, a 2.5 cm long piece, 1.6 mm wide was provided with polar extensions according to "Picard". Relative sensitivities shown in the following table were then determined using the same procedure described above.
______________________________________ "Picard"marker withpolarextensions (Oe)StrengthField on each end of a 1.6 mm wide strip ##STR1##______________________________________1.2 0.02 0.014 0.034 0.0372.4 0.26 0.18 0.18 0.0173.0 0.46 0.28 0.25 0.025______________________________________
It may thus be recognized that regardless of whether the strips were made very narrow, thus minimizing the demagnetization effects, or were made wider, thus providing a greater total mass, in all cases an unacceptable sensitivity level resulted. While the standardized sensitivity values of 0.02, 0.26 and 0.46 observed at the three field strengths noted above for the "Picard" type marker were superior to that observed for a strip alone, showing that increases in sensitivity do result by adding polar extensions as taught by the prior art, such benefits are still not sufficient to result in even a marginally acceptable marker.
In contrast to the elongated "open-strip"markers described above, wherein a desired high order harmonic response was obtained by keeping the length to square foot of cross sectional area above a certain minimum, and wherein a multi-directional response was suggested by combining such "open-strips" in an "X" or "L" configuration, the marker of the present invention obtains a high order harmonic, multi-directional response without requiring strips of the "open-strip" dimensions to be present. The present marker employs a plurality of short strips in which pairs of the strips are positioned parallel to each other at opposite sides of a closed planar shape, such as a square. Preferably, the ends of each strip are positioned to just overlap with the outside edge of an intersecting strip, however, the strips may also be inset a distance of up to 25% of the overall length, thus forming a "tic-tac-toe" configuration. The intersecting strips are magnetically coupled together. Accordingly, a first pair of pieces adjacent the opposite ends of a second pair of pieces collect and concentrate flux associated with a field parallel to the second pair of pieces within the second pair. Furthermore, with such a configuration, a multi-directional response is obtained, as flux associated with a field at an angle to the first field, and hence parallel the aforementioned first pair of pieces, will now be collected and concentrated by the second pair of pieces.
Each respective pair of pieces may function as flux collectors if appropriately aligned with respect to an external magnetic field, or will alternatively function as switching sections to generate the desired very high order harmonic response so long as the adjacent flux collecting pieces collect and concentrate a significant amount of flux. By so concentrating the magnetic flux, the effective flux density is increased so that the magnetization in switching pieces is very rapidly reversed upon each reversal of the applied field and very high order harmonics are generated at a given applied field intensity. It has also been found that the signals produced by such markers, while containing very high order harmonics upon which detection can be reliably based, also contain various other isolatable characteristics making the markers useful in other systems in which harmonics per se may not be isolated.
The magnetic pieces comprising the present marker preferably have overall lengths in the range between one-half and one and one-half inches (10-40 mm) and widths in the range between one thirty-second and three-sixteenths of an inch wide (0.8 to 4.8 mm), and preferably are formed of thin sheets, foils or ribbons ranging in thickness between 0.5 to 2 mil (0.01 to 0.05 mm). The above dimensions are provided only as a guide, and are not critical. Longer and narrower pairs of pieces behave more like "open-strips", hence the flux gathering benefits of the other pair of pieces become less necessary, however, the marker becomes objectionably large for many applications. Alternatively, while shorter pieces with flux collectors may be better for those applications, size reductions will ultimately preclude the generation of an acceptably detectable signal.
The pieces are desirably formed of high permeability, low coercive force magnetic materials such as permalloy, supermalloy or the like and of analogous amorphous materials such as the Metglas� alloys 2826MB2 and 2705M, etc. manufactured by Allied-Signal Corporation, and the Vitrovac� alloys 6025X, 6025Z-2, etc., manufactured by Vacuumschemelze GmbH.
A marker such as described above is conveniently made dual-status, i.e., reversibly deactivatable and reactivatable by including at least one piece of remanently magnetizable material adjacent the high permeable, low coercive force pieces, which piece when magnetized provides fields which bias the magnetization of the adjacent low coercive force piece to alter the response of the marker resulting from the alternating magnetic field encountered in the interrogation zones.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a deactivatable marker of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of another embodiment of the marker of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of another deactivatable marker, according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 illustrates a method for economically producing the markers of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a partial top view of a sheet containing a number of as yet unseparated markers made according to the method of FIG. 4; and
FIG. 6 is a side view taken along the line 6--6 in FIG. 5.
As shown in the perspective view of FIG. 1, in one embodiment of the present invention the marker 10 comprises a substrate 12 on which are positioned four strips, 14, 16, 18 and 20 respectively, of a low coercive force, high permeability material, such as permalloy. As is also there shown, each of the strips is positioned so as to be magnetically coupled to an intersecting strip near the respective ends. As the operation of the marker is largely dependent upon the extent of magnetic coupling between the intersecting strips, it is desirable that the strips at the points of intersection be positioned as closely together as possible. Accordingly, while the strips may be joined together via a thin layer of adhesive, it is preferred that each of the strips be adhered to the supporting substrate 12 such that no adhesive is at all present between the strips at the respective points of intersection. If further desired, a protective overlayer (not shown) may be added and further adhered to the substrate 12 so as to sandwich the strips therebetween, and further press the strips together at the respective intersections.
In the embodiment of FIG. 1, the marker 10 is further made dual status so as to be selectively deactivatable and reactivatable. Such a feature is provided by including with each of the strips 14, 16, 18 and 20 respectively at least one section, of a remanently magnetizable material such as vicalloy. Thus as shown in FIG. 1, strip 14 is provided with two pieces 22 and 24 of vicalloy, strip 16 is provided with two such pieces 26 and 28, strip 18 is provided with two pieces 30 and 32 and strip 20 is provided with two pieces 34 and 36. In a manner similar to that discussed above, the magnetizable pieces must be magnetically coupled to the adjacent low coercive force, high permeability pieces such that when the magnetizable pieces are magnetized, the external magnetic field associated with the magnetized state of each piece is coupled to the adjacent high permeability piece so as to bias that piece and affect the magnetization reversal of that piece when the marker is exposed to the alternating field typically present in an interrogation zone. Thus each of the magnetizable pieces are desirably positioned on top of the high permeability piece without an intervening adhesive layer, however, such a layer may be present, and the total assembly maintained in position via an adhesively bonded top cover layer (not shown).
In a preferred construction, a marker of FIG. 1 desirably has overall dimensions approximately 1 inch square. Thus the substrate 12 may be provided of a dielectric sheet such as kraft paper, relatively stiff plastic or the like. Each of the high permeability pieces 14 through 20 is desirably a strip of permalloy approximately 1 inch long and 0.1 inch wide, such strips being cut from a sheet of such material 0.6 mils thick. In such a construction, the magnetizable pieces 22 through 36 are small rectangles of vicalloy having approximately the same width (0.10 inch) and a length extending along the length of each of the underlying strips of approximately 0.25 inch. Such chips are readily cut from a sheet of such a material.
The performance of the marker as shown in FIG. 1 is strongly effected by the magnetic coupling at the intersections of the adjoining strips. Thus, the strips may be joined at the respective intersections by a thin layer of pressure-sensitive adhesive or the like. However, it is preferable that the gap resulting from such an adhesive layer be maintained as thin as possible. In a more preferred construction, a layer of pressure-sensitive adhesive may be utilized to adhere each of the respective strips directly to the substrate 12 such that the strips are in intimate physical contact at the intersecting locations without any adhesive or the like separating the respective strips. Furthermore, also not shown in FIG. 1, a top protective layer may be added to both protect the strips, provide a printable surface for suitable customer identification indicia to be added and further, as it may be directly bonded to the substrate 12 to press the respective strips together at the intersections, so as to further improve the extent of magnetically coupling.
In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of a "tic-tac-toe" configuration such as shown in FIG. 1, a series of experiments were performed in which strips of constant length but varying width foils were assembled, with varying amounts of each strip overlapping the ends of the adjacent intersecting strip. Specifically, strips of an amorphous material, type 270 5M obtained from Allied-Signal Corporation, which material has the following nominal composition (at %): Co:69%; Fe:4.1%; Ni:3.4%; Mo:1.5%; Si:10% and B:12%, 0.8 mils thick, were prepared in strips of one inch long and in widths ranging in 0.02 inch increments from 0.02 to 0.12 inch. These strips were assembled in three sets, one set having the ends directly abutting so that there was no material extending beyond the intersections, while the second and third sets had 0.1 inch and 0.2 inch of the material extending beyond the intersections, respectively. Such sample markers were then tested in the aforedescribed apparatus which generates alternating fields at a predetermined frequency and intensities comparable to those encountered in electromagnetic article surveillance (EAS) systems. This apparatus was constructed to detect signals in accordance with harmonic characteristics relied upon in such EAS systems and to provide sensitivity values based on a standard marker to ensure valid comparative results. Such a standard marker is desirably formed of a strip of the same composition, amorphous metal foil, 2 5/8 inches long by 1/16 th inch wide by 0.0008 inch thick.
When such a marker was inserted parallel with the field of test apparatus and the gain was adjusted to a standardized sensitivity, a sensitivity value of approximately 4 volts at a peak field intensity of 2 oersteds was obtained. To provide a direct comparison with the 1 inch long strips used in the samples of the present invention, such a standardized marker was then cut to a length of 1.0 inches and the equivalent sensitivity at a peak intensity of 2.0 oersteds was determined to be 0.08 volts. Similarly, when two such 1 inch long strips were assembled side-by-side and spaced approximately 1 inch apart but without a pair of opposing and magnetically coupled intersecting strips present, the sensitivity of the two strips was not quite double that previously observed, i.e., a sensitivity value of about 0.13 volts was observed. The resultant sensitivities observed for the series of markers of varying widths and varying amounts of overlap are set forth below in Table I. These markers were prepared with each adjacent metal strip being in intimate ohmic contact with the intersecting piece. Furthermore, two markers of each dimension were prepared and each was measured in the test apparatus by first inserting the marker along to have one pair of strips parallel to the applied field, then by removing it, rotating it 98� and inserting it so that the other pair of strips was parallel to the applied field. The measured sensitivity values for all four cases were then averaged. The average results are indicated in Table I.
As noted above, the response of a single elongated strip, such as used in forming the "tic-tac-toe" marker, is known to be extremely sensitive to the extent of elongation, such an extent being generally characterized by the ratio of the length over the square root of the cross-sectional area ##EQU1## Thus, for example, the ##EQU2## ratio for the standardized 25/8 inch long marker is approximately 370, which is known to produce a readily highly detectable signal. In contrast, the 1 inch strip of such a piece has an equivalent ratio of about 140, which is less than that required to produce an adequate signal. The equivalent ratio for the strips in the samples set forth in Table I is there indicated. The effect of providing the flux collectors at right angles may be seen in Table I to raise the corresponding sensitivity from 0.13 up nearly a factor of 5 when the respective strips were inset a distance of 0.02 inch, and nearly a factor of 7 when the strips were positioned with 0 extensions.
TABLE I______________________________________Extension Beyond End of Strips0 0.1" 0.2"Width ofStrips ##STR2## Sensi-tivity ##STR3## Sensi-tivity ##STR4## Sensi-tivity______________________________________0.02 277 1.04 219 0.81 162 0.610.04 188 0.72 147 0.69 106 0.560.06 147 0.85 113 0.69 80 0.580.08 121 0.88 92 0.66 63 0.510.10 103 0.72 77 0.67 52 0.480.12 90 0.86 66 0.64 42 0.43______________________________________
The effect of efficiently coupling the pieces together at the intersections is further set forth in Table II in which 0.06 inch wide one inch strips of the same material as used in the previous examples were assembled with zero extensions at the intersections but in which varying thicknesses of adhesive were provided separating the adjoined pieces. As shown, when as much as 0.010 thick layer of adhesive separated the intersecting pieces, the resultant sensitivity was decreased nearly to the extent noted above, wherein two pieces of the same length were placed one inch apart side-by-side and no intersecting flux collectors were present.
TABLE II______________________________________AdhesiveThickness (inches) Sensitivity______________________________________0 0.850.001 0.460.003 0.350.010 0.22______________________________________
An alternative embodiment to that described in FIG. 1 is set forth in FIG. 2, wherein the four strips 40, 42, 44, and 46 of high permeability, low coercive force material were assembled as noted above with approximately 20% of the entire width of each strip extending beyond the intersections of an intersecting strip. In this embodiment, a single magnetizable element 48, 50, 52 and 54 respectively was positioned at the center of each of the strips 40 through 46. While such a configuration has been found to produce a significant change in the sensitivity of the resultant marker depending upon whether or not the magnetizable elements 48 through 54 are in fact magnetized or not, the change in the resultant response was found not to be as significant as found when two such materials are provided on each strip as shown in FIG. 1.
A yet more desirable embodiment is shown in FIG. 3 wherein elongated strips 56, 58, 60 and 62 are shown assembled on an underlying substrate 64 as in FIG. 1 but wherein magnetizable elements 66, 68, 70 and 72 are positioned at the intersections of each of the respective strips. In an embodiment in which a 0.060 inch wide strips of one inch long amorphous metal as described above were assembled with zero adhesive between the adjoining strips, the sensitivity in a 2 oersted field was observed to be about 0.8 volts, and, the presence of an unmagnetized 3/16 inch square chip of vicalloy at each intersection was found to not result in any observable change in the sensitivity. The same marker, but with one quarter inch square vicalloy chips at each of the four intersections was observed to have a slightly lower sensitivity of 0.49 volts. When the vicalloy chips were magnetized, it was found that the signals from the markers were at least two orders of magnitude less intense.
Mass produced multi-directionally responsive markers of the present invention are desirably made by a series of laminating and slitting operations. Thus, for example, as shown in FIG. 4, rolls 74, 76, 78, 80, 82 and 84 respectively, of high permeability material having the appropriate width and thickness, such as 0.06 inch wide and 0.015 mm thick rolls of permalloy, are provided with a layer of pressure-sensitive adhesive on the bottom surface. The respective rolls 74 and 76, and 78 and 80, are positioned at a center-to-center distance of one inch from each other, with the distance between the rolls 76 and 78 and 82 and 84 being adjusted to control the extent of desired extension at the intersections of the adjacent strips of the markers to be formed. As shown, the material on the rolls 74 through 80 and a support web from roll 90 are passed between rollers 86 and 88, causing the respective strips to adhere to the support web. The rolls 82 and 84 are similarly positioned and in a start-stop operation, the material from those rolls is also adhered to the support. A hopper containing one inch square chips 91 of vicalloy is positioned down-web and suitably activated to thereafter position square of that material as there shown. Markers 92, 94, 96 and 98 were thus formed, albeit not yet separated.
As further shown in the top view of FIG. 5, the resultant laminations may be subsequently separated by shearing along the dashed lines 100, 102, 104 and 106 respectively. In a particularly preferred embodiment, where rolls of the resultant markers are desirably provided, a full cut through the support web 90 may be provided along the cut lines 100 and 102, while the web is left only partially severed along cut lines 104 and 106, thus allowing the resultant markers to be dispersed in roll form and subsequently broken apart while the magnetic material is completely severed at the respective shear lines 104 and 106.
Further details of the resultant strips after the final laminates are formed are shown in the cross sectional view of FIG. 6, taken along the lines 6--6 of FIG. 5. In FIG. 6 it may be seen that the top surface of the metal strips 74, 76, 78, 80 and 82A are covered by a protective top layer 108 which also force the pieces of high coercive force magnetizable materials 91 into close magnetic coupling with the intersecting strips of high permeability, low coercive force material. Likewise, the piece 108 will thus be similarly secured to the underlying support 90 in the regions where no strips occur, resulting in a tightly bonded together, finished construction, having both upper and lower surfaces suitable for the addition of customer indicia.
In the multi-directionally responsive markers described above with regard to FIGS. 4-6, keeper chips 91 are shown to have been placed above the intersections of each of the adjoining strips of low coercive force, high permeability material. When the keeper chips are magnetized, the external field associated therewith prevents the magnetization in the portions of the strips adjacent the keeper chips from reversing, thereby both eliminating any flux collecting action on the part of the strips normal to an applied field of an interrogation zone and appreciably shortening the length of the strips that are parallel to the applied field such that a non characteristic response thus occurs. While such an embodiment is preferably due to the high level of desensitization thus produced, it is similarly within the scope of the present invention that a single or multiple keeper chips may be disposed along the length of each of the elongated strips as set forth in FIGS. 1 and 2.
While the markers described above with regard to the preferred embodiments of the present invention are desirably made of an amorphous alloy of a given composition, it is also within the scope of the present invention that a number of high permeability, low coercive force materials may be used. Thus, for example, a number of amorphous alloys, both iron and nickel based, as well as the cobalt based alloy described above, may be utilized, as may be a large variety of crystalline materials, such as permalloy, supermalloy and the like. Similarly, the material used as the keeper chips may be formed of a variety of permanently magnetizable, yet relatively low coercive force materials. While vicalloy has been described hereinabove as a preferred material, similar chips for desirable markers may be formed of silicon steel, magnetic stainless steels, and the like.
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The test was repeated in small temperature increments, showing how warm a moth thorax must be for maximum flight power about 90 degrees Fahrenheit and that those in the study took off too cool at about 82 degrees Fahrenheit.
Crespo says moths "are well-known for 'scramble competition.' When the female is advertising the pheromone in a field, that pheromone is probably going to be detected by several males, and they're going to try to compete and get to the female first. You can see how it might be advantageous to take off sooner and try to get to the female first."
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"This is about a decision to get up and go: 'This is the right smell. Let's do it,'" Vickers says. "There are neurons that detect the odor, and they feed that information into the brain, and the brain says, 'This is the right odor, this is a female,' and then processes occur that we don't know much about. But the brain sends instructions to the flight muscles to start warming up. The animal responds to this odor by warming itself at a faster rate than if it's exposed to a non-female odor. At some level, we've moved a little step closer to understanding that black box that's evaluating these inputs and internal conditions and deciding to move."
Vickers adds: "Insect flight muscles are among the most metabolically costly in the animal kingdom. In order to fly, you have to use a lot of oxygen and generate the power. The decision to take flight after a female odor is not one that would be taken lightly by the moth because it's expensiv
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Animals are incredible..I have no trouble if you have one or more
Some other viewpoint
Playing the drums, listening to Latin jazz, Michel camilo, Van Van, Alejandro Sanz, Dave weckl band, Pedro mariano from Brazil and more ..cycling Around the hills super and playing soccer.
I love to play the drums, to try a new restaurant, go to the movies, walk around the beach or in the woods, have a great a conversation with a great energy human being (it could be you reading this) I would love to Learn salsa dancing, I
The secret of the secret ...great book..heavy hitters magazine yeaaaaaa is my book too
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
|What he is looking for
|6'4" (193cms)
|5'6" (167cms) to 6'5" (195cms)
|Body type:
|Athletic and toned
|About average, Curvy, Athletic and toned
|No preference
|No preference
|No Way
|No Way
|Social Drinker
|Social Drinker
|Self-Employed / Entrepreneur
|No preference
Car business, and basically all that is related with this industry ....well connected to help and serve others.
|I'll tell you later
|No preference
|Currently Separated
|No preference
|Have kids:
|Yes, and they sometimes live at home (1)
|No preference
|Wants kids:
|I'll tell you later
|Someday, No, but it's OK if my partner has kids
|Latino / Hispanic
|No preference
Diversity is Beautiful ...we all come from the same source.
|Spiritual but not religious
|Christian / Protestant, Jewish, Spiritual but not religious, Christian / Other
Karma works, ...Choose to do good today for a better reward tomorrow..simple isn't ?
|English, Spanish
|Chinese, English, Hebrew, Italian, Japanese, Portuguese, Spanish
|I'll tell you later
|No preference


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Dark Side of the Web How to make Hydrogen Sulfide Gas for Easy Suicide
April 24, 2008
Stop !!!!!!
- a personal message from the publisher of this site.
Someone does care. However it is that you've come to this point, there's a better way than causing yourself harm. Here'a website that will help you put things in perspective. Metnoia


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Florida Virtual Campus is a free online advising website to help students plan and track their education progress from middle school through college. FLVC is a service of the State University System of Florida and the Florida College System. Learn more.
Incoming transient students are those who attend another institution but enroll at St. Petersburg College temporarily. Transient students can get ahead by taking classes at SPC for a much lower tuition rate.
Get started nowIn order to register for classes as a transient student, SPC requires approval from your home institution. Plan ahead so that SPC receives your approved form in time for registration. View class offerings today. View our academic calendar for transient student registration dates.
NOTE: F-1 international students must first submit the F-1 transient student application.
If your home institution has chosen to participate as a Florida Virtual Campus institution, you can complete the process online. Follow the steps below to get started:
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Review the information provided on your approved transient form to determine which option you will need to follow to register:
If you are a degree-seeking SPC student who wishes to take one or more classes at another college or university, please follow these instructions:
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If your chosen host institution is a Florida private college/university, or a college outside the state, follow the steps below to get started:
1. Request a hard copy transient approval form from SPC. There are 2 ways to request and receive your approval form.
a. Forms may be completed and approved by a Student Support Manager at the any of the following campuses:
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Together with your transient student request, provide a copy of the course description(s) from the course catalog at the institution where you plan to enroll as a transient student so that the information may be reviewed to determine whether it meets your degree completion requirements at SPC.
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A collection of news and information related to Wilson Jermaine Heredia published by this site and its partners.
Top Wilson Jermaine Heredia Articles see all
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Monster Mash: Natural History Museum's new $13-million project; more Dennis Hopper art for saleStory | Jan 5, 2011Major project: The Natural History Museum of Los Angeles is planning to build a $13-million entry pavilion that will feature its 63-foot-long fin whale skeleton. (Los Angeles Times) Cultural rebel: More artwork from the collection of the late Dennis Hopper...


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Submission Number:
New York
Initiative Name:
Proposed Consent Agreement In the Matter of DrJays.com, Inc., a corporation, File No. 122 3063
Matter Number:
122 3063
REJECT these consent orders in favor of meaningful consequences for mislabeling actual fur products as "faux." Companies must be held accountable for the products they market. Ignorance should not be a defense.


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They're younger, more often black or Hispanic, report finds
MONDAY, April 6 (HealthDay News) -- The dangers of heavy and regular cigarette smoking are well known, but researchers have now produced an overview of "light" smokers in the United States.
The examination of intermittent or occasional smokers, which the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates make up one of five smokers in the country, is published in a series of studies and articles in a special March issue of Nicotine and Tobacco Research.
Among the findings:
"In order to adequately address the issue of tobacco use in this country, we cannot overlook light and intermittent smokers," Pebbles Fagan, a scientist in the Tobacco Research Branch of the U.S. National Cancer Institute, said in a news release from a sponsor of the research. "Research suggests an impending global pandemic of light smokers, and we must take what this paper outlines and move the agenda forward in advancing research of the full spectr
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RSS 6 deals tagged "christmas-cards"
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Sponsored Deals
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OK, yes, companies pay a little something to be Sponsored Deals. But we don't allow just any old crap in this section. Sponsored Deals are proposed to us by other retailers, manufacturers, and even other daily deal sites. If we find the deal compelling enough that our members will appreciate us bringing it to their attention, we'll feature it here. Believe it or not, we have a reputation to uphold. If your store would like to be considered for this space, please contact us for details. But if your deal is lame, or sketchy, no amount of money will let you buy your way in.
Community Deals
It's whatever you want it to be.
Pretty much, anyway. This is where you find the deals that wooters like you have ferreted out and brought to light. We're thinking it'll turn into a massive database of discounted products from around the Web, constantly expanding to absorb the newest deals from the very moment their prices are slashed, with each deal immediately rated by hordes of savvy voters to spotlight the very greatest deals in the world today. Hey, we can dream, right?
We use a fancy algorithm to determine which deals are catching the most buzz – they're under the Popular tab, which is the default view of this section. You can look for the most popular deals today, this week, or this month. The Fresh tab features the most recently submitted deals, so that's where to look for deals that everybody else doesn't know about yet. And the Search bar does what a Search bar does, only, uh, much wootier! Yeah! Right on!
Ask The Community
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Organic bullets? Vegetarian haggis? Cheap tickets to Antarctica? The best high-performance sweatsocks for under $100? If you're looking for a deal that doesn't appear to show up in our Community Deals section, throw the question to your fellow cheapskates. Or answer a question for one of your fellow cheapskates. Or vote for your favorite questions, or your favorite answers, or… maybe we should call this section "Ask, Answer, Comment On, And Vote In The Community", but that won't fit on the page.


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We couldn't find any jobs that match your search for "personal and household services drivers and movers, germantown, wisconsin"
But don't give up – try one of these search tips:
- Use a more general job title or description. For example, "Sales" instead of "Sales Lead"
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1.0-8178 for x86-64/em64t and x86 updates (01-22-2006)
1 Attachment(s)
The patch attached to this post addresses known problems with the 1.0-8178 NVIDIA Linux x86 and x86-64 graphics driver releases.
To patch 1.0-8178 and install the updated driver, please follow the instructions for your platform below (the steps needed to update the -pkg* packages not shown are analogous to the examples shown below).
The updated 1.0-8178 driver can optionally be repackaged into custom .run packages. To do this, please follow the instructions for your platform below:
If you are interested in more detailed information about the driver updates contained in the cumulative patch, please refer to the posts below for the individual patches and descriptions of the problems they address. If you wish to manually apply these patches or a subset of them, you can do so by following the instructions above, repeating the `patch` command for each patch and substituting each patch's file for the cumulative one's.
Please note: if you have applied the cumulative patch attached to this post, you do not need to apply the individual patches attached to the posts below.
Re: 1.0-8178 for x86-64/em64t and x86 updates
1 Attachment(s)
The attached patch addresses an incompatibility introduced by a power management related change in Linux 2.6.14; please apply this patch if you wish to use ACPI S3 or APM power management with this or a more recent Linux kernel release or if the kernel you're building the NVIDIA kernel module for no longer supports the pm_register()/pm_unregister() interface functions.
Re: 1.0-8178 for x86-64/em64t and x86 updates
1 Attachment(s)
The attached patch adds support for the new vm_insert_page() kernel interface (introduced with Linux 2.6.15-rc5) to the 1.0-8174 NVIDIA Linux graphics driver release. Due to known problems with Linux 2.6.15-rc5 and this new interface, it is recommended that you revert to a stable kernel release or upgrade to Linux 2.6.15-rc6 or a more recent Linux kernel.
Re: 1.0-8178 for x86-64/em64t and x86 updates
1 Attachment(s)
The attached patch works around a bug in older Linux/x86-64 2.6 kernels with broken implementations of the change_page_attr() interface that can lead to kernel panics on Linux/x86-64 systems that either do not support the no-execute page protection feature or on which this feature has been disabled by the SBIOS. Affected is e.g. RHEL4's 2.6.9-5.EL kernel.
While this patch will prevent the kernel panics, the change_page_attr() interface will not be used on these kernels. This can lead to stability problems (see the section on Cache Aliasing in Appendix L. Known Issues of the Linux/x86-64 driver's README (http://download.nvidia.com/XFree86/L...ppendix-l.html) for details)). It is recommended that you upgrade your kernel to the distribution's latest update kernel or to the latest stable Linux 2.6 kernel.
Re: 1.0-8178 for x86-64/em64t and x86 updates
2 Attachment(s)
The two attached patches address incompatibilities with recent pre-release kernels and problems with snapshots of gcc 4.1.
The first patch improves the robustness of the compile tests performed when building the NVIDIA Linux kernel module against warning messages picked up from Linux kernel header files and fixes compile test problems introduced by recent KBUILD changes present in Linux >= 2.6.15-git1. The second fixes a compile failure when building the NVIDIA kernel module against Linux/x86-64 kernels >= Linux 2.6.15-git8.
Please note: the 1453708 update patch will only apply cleanly if the 1423627 (see post #2) and 1427453 (see post #3) update patches have also been applied.
Re: 1.0-8178 for x86-64/em64t and x86 updates
1 Attachment(s)
The attached patch addresses a problem where a series of warning messages of the form below are printed by the NVIDIA kernel module when the host system's CPU does not support the PAT or if the NVIDIA driver's builtin PAT support has been disabled with the nv_disable_pat kernel module option.
NVRM: memory caching type 0x2 not supported for memory space 0!
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The group was formerly the experimental part of the Danish Center of Excellence "Center for Atomic-scale Materials Physics" (CAMP) in collaboration with theorists at the Technical University of Denmark. The SPM group now performs the SPM activities in the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) at the University of Aarhus and Aalborg University, which started in January 2002.
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Mort: Discworld: The Death CollectionHardback Discworld Hardback Library
List price $17.14
You save $4.70 27% off
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Dispatched in 3 business days
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- Publisher: Gollancz
- Format: Hardback | 272 pages
- Dimensions: 138mm x 198mm x 26mm | 334g
- Publication date: 7 November 2013
- Publication City/Country: London
- Sales rank: 3,194
Product description
It is known as the Discworld. It is a flat planet, supported on the backs of four elephants, who in turn stand on the back of the great turtle A'Tuin as it swims majestically through space. And it is quite possibly the funniest place in all of creation...Death comes to us all. When he came to Mort, he offered him a job. After being assured that being dead was not compulsory, Mort accepted. However, he soon found that romantic longings did not mix easily with the responsibilities of being Death's apprentice. Terry Pratchett's hilarious fourth Discworld novel established once and for all that Death really is a laughing matter...
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Author information
Sir Terry Pratchett is a publishing phenomenon. Among his many prizes and citations are the World Fantasy Life Achievement Award, the Carnegie Medal, the BSFA Award, eight honorary doctorates and, of course, a knighthood. In 2012, he won a BAFTA for his documentary on the subject of assisted suicide, 'Terry Pratchett: Choosing to Die'. He is the author of fifty bestselling books but is best known for the globally renowned Discworld series. The first Discworld novel, The Colour of Magic, was published in 1983, and the series is still going strong almost three decades later. Four Discworld novels - Hogfather, Going Postal, The Colour of Magic and The Light Fantastic - have been adapted for television, with more to follow. His books have sold approximately 85 million copies worldwide (but who's counting?), and been translated into thirty-seven languages. In 2007, Terry Pratchett was diagnosed with early onset Alzheimer's Disease. He died in 2015.
Review quote
Mort is the book in thich this now great author moved from being simply just a witty writer to one of the premier fantasy authors of our age...now is the time to find out what all the fuss it about while enjoying this spiffy new cover Starburst


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Democracy News
Latin American Program in the News: Hugo Chavez Legacy Debate Continues About who he was, What he did, What's Next
Mar 12, 2013
"I find it almost impossible to imagine that it won't be Nicolás Maduro," said Cynthia Arnson, director of the Wilson Center's Latin American Program. "He is the only person who has officially been given the blessing of Chavez to carry on his legacy."
Latin American Program in the News: Pese a las expulsiones, EE.UU. esperaria una mejora en las relaciones con Maduro
Mar 12, 2013
"...That was a bucket of cold water for attempts normalize relations..." (in Spanish)
Brazil's leftwing leaders mourn Chavez with not-so-veiled criticism
Mar 11, 2013
Paulo Sotero, director of the Brazil Institute, gives his take on the recent death of Venezuelan president Hugo Chavez and Brazil's reaction.
Latin American Program in the News: Maduro Leans on Chavez's Charisma for Popularity
Mar 11, 2013
"There was a sense that perhaps Maduro was a more pragmatic person, would be amenable to exchange ambassadors. The statement he made Tuesday threw a huge bucket of cold water on those hopes."
From rags to riches to jail; Mexico's top union leader - Mexico Institute in the News
Mar 08, 2013
"This goes way beyond education. It's about sending a signal to other unions in particular that they need to come on board to the government's program," Wood said. "As it has played out, I think it has been a stroke of genius."
Latin American Program in the News: Pese a las expulsiones, EE.UU. esperaría una mejora en las relaciones con Maduro
Mar 08, 2013
Director Cynthia J. Arnson comments on the future of U.S.-Venezuela relations in a post-Chávez era and the likelihood of closer bi-national ties under a Maduro-led administration. (In Spanish)
Latin American Program in the News: ¿Por qué Hugo Chávez ganó la reelección en 2012?
Mar 07, 2013
Speaking in January on Chavez's 2012 re-election and U.S.-Venezuela relations
Latin American Program in the News: Chavez's spirit will guide Venezuela - until leftist unity frays
Mar 07, 2013
"Chavismo is very much going to continue without Chavez, but it will never be the same"
Latin American Program in the News: Washington y la transición política de Venezuela
Mar 07, 2013
"En un momento de tanta emoción en el país por la muerte de Chávez -algo que une a sus simpatizantes- no habría necesidad de crear enemigos extranjeros", dice Cynthia J. Arnson.
Latin American Program in the News: Chavez died of heart attack, says head of security
Mar 07, 2013
"There's really no one who can step into those shoes," Arnson said.


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Honey Singh, who courted controversies for his songs allegedly based on sexual themes, makes his debut as a leading man in Punjabi film "Main Tera Bai Tu Mera Bai". He will display his comic skills alongside Punjabi star Amrinder Gill in the movie and says it is just one-off project.
Speaking about what he calls his reluctant role as an actor, Honey Singh said: "Frankly, I don't think I'm ready to get into acting as yet. I still have a long way to go as a a musician."
Honey Singh had done a cameo in another Punjabi film 'Mirza'. "And when this director-friend of mine, Amit Prasher, offered me the lead in a comedy about two brothers, I refused. But he was hurt. He said, 'Tu doosre ki picture kar sakta, mera nahin?' I had to say yes," he added.
Honey had a ball romancing the burlesque.
"It was fun doing the film. It's out-and-out comedy about two brothers from Canada and their adventures in Punjab. But there's also an underlying message about Indian values and family ties. Hanste-hanste film bahot kuch keh jaata hai (the film has something serious to say amidst the laughter)."
Honey won't be accepting acting offers for now even if "Main Tera Bai Tu Mera Bai" turns into a blockbuster.
"I've just begun to explore the musician in me. It will be a long time before I feel confident to make the jump into acting like Himesh Reshammiya did," says Honey.
Incidentally, producer Sunil Bohra already has plans of buying the rights of "Main Tera Bai Tu Mera Bai" to remake it into Hindi.
Bohra insists he will cast only Honey Singh in the lead.
"He is a natural-born actor with an instinctive flair for comedy. He will rock Bollywood. You mark my words," predicts Bohra.
Do you like this article?
|User Rating
|(6 Votes)
|punjabi_gyal08, fancyqueen, YoYoRockz, Angel-Jot., |Persephone|, AwesomeSauce.
Popular Search Terms: honey singh, honey singh brother images, honey singh songs, honey singh images, www.honey singh photo, honeysingh
I love him so much he's songs are amazing. It will be great if he will take a role in Bohra film
I like his songs. He is talented musician. I hope he does well in life.
Yo Yo Honey singh! Like his album international villager. Looking forward to his movie.
I love him =$ But Bollywood? Mehhh... I'd like to see him in more Punjabi movies first.
I love this man! <3
I so love your songs dude. Waiting to see you on the screen.
Love you loads! :*
i like his songs but i think those are silly allegations cause there are many songs which are sexually explicit than his
One of the pioneers of rap music in India in the 1990s, Baba Sehgal ...
Popular crooner Mika Singh, who has been in the music industry for ...


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Phil Kessel?
View Single Post
Registered User
Join Date: Aug 2009
Location: Toronto
Posts: 7,304
vCash: 500
Originally Posted by
Lion Hound
So here's just a couple of thoughts about this. I don't think it is as bad as some of the people are making it out to be.
The Kessel Pro's:
Elite skater
True sniper
23 years old
Cheaper cap hit
Healthier than Gaborik <--Even with the Cancer.
In adding him, the Rangers get younger. They don't lose speed as Kessel is probably as fast as Gaborik is, and in term of recent production you pretty much get the same guy.
__________________________________________________ _____________________
The Kessel Con's:
Heard from a reliable source that he battled addiction in Boston and was the main reason he was moved. Lot's of places to hide in NY and lots of distractions for people that aren't good with self control. <--I have no idea if this is still true today.
Dissapears for lenghts of time
Might not top out as high offesively
__________________________________________________ _____________________
At the end of the day, if I was GM and knew 100% that his health was ok in regards to the cancer and that his his addiction if true was contained...Then I think Kessel at 5.4 mil for the next 3 years over Gaborik at 7.5 mil for the next three years. I would pull the trigger and not look back.
An all USA top 6 to me is appealing.
What addiction?
You can't just make things up like that and have people believe that they're true. Search "Phil Kessel addiction" on Google and this thread is the only relevant thing that comes up. In markets like Toronto and Boston, do you really think something like this would be kept secret from everyone? And do you think that Burke would have invested so much in him if that had been the case? He signed in Toronto because Boston wasn't willing to offer him as much as he wanted. The only health concerns with him have been cancer and a shoulder injury that caused him to miss training camp and the start of last season.
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Ultimately it will be the insurance company that pays out to whoever filed the suit. I would imagine they had to sue the pilots in order to establish whether they were liable or not for the accident. I thought I read that they found the pilots were not responsible for the accident. Seems like a legal tactic to make sure you have all your bases covered.
If you have a losing record at Reds games, please stop going.
Championships Matter.
24 Years and Counting...
Last edited by The Baumer; 09-08-2009 at 04:32 AM.
Travis Barker seems to be doing fine after walking away from the same plane crash.
I know 2 guys who died in a plane crash, one guy dies with no life insurance, he was the passenger, he had 2 kids and wife. She had to sue the pilots family to get some money to keep her family afloat.
Was it fair?
No... but her husband was dead, she had two kids and no income, the guy flying the plane was rich, not an airline.
Life isn't so simple when you type your opinion from a keyboard.
The family should be upset with the pilot, as well all of you.
Thats how I see it anyways.
Board Moderators may, at their discretion and judgment, delete and/or edit any messages that violate any of the following guidelines: 1. Explicit references to alleged illegal or unlawful acts. 2. Graphic sexual descriptions. 3. Racial or ethnic slurs. 4. Use of edgy language (including masked profanity). 5. Direct personal attacks, flames, fights, trolling, baiting, name-calling, general nuisance, excessive player criticism or anything along those lines. 6. Posting spam. 7. Each person may have only one user account. It is fine to be critical here - that's what this board is for. But let's not beat a subject or a player to death, please.


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Fitness festival promotes wellness in Beloit | Health
Title (Max 100 Characters)
The School District of Beloit is hosting a community event Saturday to promote wellness, according to a release.
The Good to Great Activate Festival is at the Beloit Memorial High School at 1225 Fourth Street and runs from 9:30 a.m. to 1:30 p.m., according to the release.
Event registration starts at 9 a.m. at the BMHS field house entrance, event organizers said. The activities start at 9:30 a.m. with a 2 mile walk/run.
Activity and information stations will be stationed along the walk/run route with each challenge offering a chance to earn raffle tickets for a drawing, according to the release.
BMHS will also host tours and hold student demonstrations from 10 a.m. to 1:30 p.m. of the new cardio and strength center and student lounge, officials said. Demonstrations will highlight new physical education curriculum activities and the Wii Fit Dance System.
A free lunch will be served from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m. in the high school cafeteria, organizers said. Lunch will include turkey chili, minestrone soup, whole grain breads, and a variety of fruits and vegetables.
The festival is sponsored by the School District of Beloit, Kerry Ingredients and Flavors, YMCA, UW-Extension, Beloit Parks and Leisure Services, Stateline Boys and Girls Club, Aramark and the Rock County Health Department.
To get more information about the event or to volunteer at the festival contact Shawn Fredricks at 608-361-3049 or by email.


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"What the world often forgets is that refugees are not failed people even after their birth nations are considered to be failed states. We have dreams and aspirations. We are resilient as a people and we will continue our demand for decency and a place to call home."- Farah Abdullahi, former child refugee, who reached […]CONTINUE READING →
Brussels, 15 June 2015 – At the occasion of the first European Games in Baku, Azerbaijan, Children Win campaign led by Terre des Hommes, as part of the Sport and Rights Alliance, organized the #DrawAttention Cartoon Contest to raise awareness on Human Rights violations before, during and after Mega Sporting Events. The winners of the #DrawAttention contest were announced […]CONTINUE READING →
Migrants children exploited in fishery industry in Thailand Brussels, 11 June 2015 – In the Thai shrimp industry children are severely exploited. Six days a week, ten hours a day. They shell shrimps that end up on the plates of European consumers. Most of the children come from Myanmar, from where they migrate through smugglers. […]CONTINUE READING →


text:
|This article contains content that is written like an advertisement. (May 2015)
|Visual communication & video conferencing
|Chicago, Illinois
Key people
|Tim Hackett (CEO)
Jon Swanson (CTO)
Gary Refka (VP)
|Visimeet Software
Number of employees
|Approximately 30
IOCOM, formerly known as InSORS, is an American technology corporation that develops and markets video conferencing software, Visimeet. Founded in 1998 by Kevin Gleason and Michael Galich, and has an advisory board which includes Edward Zander, former Sprint Nextel executive John Garcia and Ian Foster Though based in Chicago, services are offered worldwide. Users in countries such as Azerbaijan, the United Kingdom, Brazil, and Singapore have benefitted from IOCOM's collaboration and video conferencing services.
The company's primary product, Visimeet, is multi-point conferencing software that gives users the ability to communicate via video, audio and data from laptop computers, large conference rooms, auditoriums, medical facilities, and command centers. Visimeet is a fully scalable program that can be used with off-the-shelf hardware. Users can make use of dedicated Telepresence room or use a laptop for mobility. The product can be used with virtually any Internet-enabled device and is described as being "IP-network centric"[1]
Customers from several industries make use of Visimeet's multi-point video conferencing capabilities and robust collaboration tools. Industries such as education, energy, government, telehealth, and enterprise have found virtual meetings to make meeting and collaboration more efficient and affordable by saving the time and cost associated with travel. Some customers include: ACEnet, Chevron, Rolls-Royce, BP, United States Department of Defense University of Illinois and University of Cambridge. Recently, the National Health Service (NHS) of the United Kingdom applied the IOCOM Grid to link 11 hospitals across the West London Cancer Network, which the NHS said had helped collaboration and meeting attendance and even improved clinical decisions.[2][3] Visimeet has been used heavily in stroke care and Oncology; Visimeet prevents specialists from traveling and allows for more instant consultations.
Its current largest customer collaboration network contains more than 600 global connections, including stations on almost every continent and in international waters.[4] In January 2010, IOCOM lead the "Taking Telepresence Beyond the Boardroom" Panel at the ITEXPO East 2010 conference.[5]
IOCOM recently introduced Visimeet G4 in late 2011. Visimeet is a software application that can be downloaded on the Visimeet website but requires that an account be created prior to use. Video and audio quality are heavily influenced by the device used, IOCOM does not require specific devices but does recommend using an audio device with echo canceling technology. Built-in devices can be used but may not produce the desired quality. Visimeet can be used on a Mac and PC. Visimeet G4 does not require admin rights to be installed.
Visimeet is a subscription based service; there are four subscription levels (Free, Personal, Personal+, and Room) that determine the capabilities available to the user. Users create an account based on their email address; initially the account is under a trial period and free for 30 days and does not require a credit card. The trial gives the user access to all features and meeting tools. After 30 days the account is moved to the Free level. The Free level is available for unlimited use but has restrictions on the tools and features.
Visimeet is presence based software; this requires users to request that other users accept an invitation to be a contact on their Visimeet presence list. The Visimeet application provides a Contact List to users; users can see if their contacts are online and available to connect. Users who have not been added to a contact list cannot invite that user to a meeting or send them an instant message. They can participate in the same meeting if invited by another user with presence with both users or if they know the meeting code.
Meetings are assigned a unique meeting code to protect it from unwanted participants. Each new meeting receives a different code. Scheduled meetings that are set to repeat do not receive a new meeting code; the codes for meetings that repeat remain the same so participants can easily join. Participants can only join a meeting if they are invited or they are given the meeting code. If a participant is unable to join a meeting via Visimeet they can dial into the meeting from their phone and hear all audio. Visimeet's interoperability enables those using an H.323/SIP system to join or be invited to a meeting.
Meeting tools include:
- Desktop/Application Share: transmit a live stream of your desktop or an application to all meeting participants. It can be used to walk through how to use something, a presentation, show pictures, display medical documents, etc.
- File transfer: Upload a file for meeting participants to download to their system.
- Meeting Recorder: The Meeting Recorder records all audio, video, and shared data. Recordings are stored on the server and can be shared by the recording owner with any of their contacts.
- Dialer: Dial a telephone number, H.323 system, or a SIP system to add those individuals to the meeting.
- Meeting Notes: Record notes from the meeting or use as a group chat. All participants can see what is written and save text to a document.
- Moderator: The user that created the meeting or was assigned a moderator can control some of the behavior of participants.
With a paid subscription, meetings do not have a participant or inbound video limit. The only limitations are screen space, CPU, and bandwidth. Video windows are independent and can be moved anywhere, resized, and closed without other participants knowing. Additionally, independent meeting controls allow you to adjust the volume of meeting participants without other participants knowing. If a participant is too loud you can turn their volume down or turn it up if you have difficulty hearing them.
Visimeet is used around the world by a number of industries. These industries include, but are not limited to:
- Government
- Health
- Education
- Research
- Energy
- Small and large businesses
Each organization uses Visimeet in a different way. Many organizations use video conferencing software, such as Visimeet, to keep offsite employees connected with one another. In many fields, Visimeet is used to decrease the dependence on travel and save the time, money, and frustration that comes with it. This includes travel to meet with clients, to collaborate, or to review information. Professors and researchers use Visimeet to collaborate with specialists or for distance learning. Oil rigs that are located off the coast use Visimeet to meet with those onshore and send and receive data. Video conferencing is booming among government agencies looking to trim their budget. Capitals use video conferencing to meet with individuals who do not live in or near the capital or to meet with other agencies. Visimeet has been used by clinics and hospitals for stroke care, end of life care, cancer treatment, and among EMTs. Hospitals find using video conferencing saves money by reducing the amount of travel specialists and doctors must do in order to collaborate or treat patients, and can save lives by providing timely access to expertise at the point of care in an emergency.
- ^ "IOCOM brings different approach to managing videoconferencing". telephonyonline.com. Retrieved July 10, 2009.
- ^ "IOCOM Offers Innovative Visual Communication Solution to UK'S National Health Service". NewsRx. Retrieved October 20, 2008.
- ^ "Success For Tele-stroke Service". European Hospitals. Retrieved July 12, 2010.
- ^ "IOCOM's largest single customer network reaches 600 global connections across five continents". BusinessWire. Retrieved October 20, 2008.
- ^ "IOCOM leads video conferencing discussion at ITEXPO". Benzinga. Retrieved July 12, 2010.


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This Week's Must-Have iOS Apps: Timer, Scalado PhotoBeamer, Quip & More [Roundup]
Kicking off this week's must-have apps roundup is a beautifully simple timer app for the iPhone that could mean you never need to set timers manually again. There's also a terrific app for beaming your photographs to almost any display — without additional hardware or software. Plus lots more.


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Results 1 to 8 of 8
July 13th, 2008 #1Registered User
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Building skills for graphic novels
My background is in architecture and I am interested in writing a graphic novel. I need to develop my illustration skills and was wondering what coursework or studies would best prepare me. I would also like to know what kind of media most artists use to illustrate graphic novels -- is there a predominant type?
Hide this ad by registering as a memberJuly 13th, 2008 #2
Before we go any further, let me ask you what sounds like an obnoxious question but really isn't...
Can you write?
This includes...
Can you visualize from the written word?
Can you entertain, scare the shit out of someone or make them laugh...with just words on paper?
This is as important as the art end, which is no picnic. You also have to be able to determine (on the run) what is best shown visually and what is best text?
Let us know where you stand as honestly as you can, and we'll give as much help as we can...
No position or belief, whether religious, political or social, is valid if one has to lie to support it.--Alj Mary
Ironically, the concept of SIMPLICITY is most often misunderstood by simple-minded people. --Alj Mary
July 13th, 2008 #3
I guarantee you'll get more of the help you need if you open up a sketchbook thread and post some of your work for us.
Anatomy is very important, because the characters are more than often the main focus in a scene (as well as animals and creatures), especially when it's a dramatic angle or pose in movement.
As for media, it's mostly up to preference. Digital is popular because it can be very fast and painless when making many panels and getting printed, but it's also good to work off your strengths.
July 13th, 2008 #4Registered User
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Well, the writing part I'm pretty confident with -- in any case, the topic for the novel is an autobiographical account of a mental disorder. I thought of writing it as a book but a graphic novel seemed more appropriate. So the "research" for the work has already been done . The visual part is where I need the most practice, because most of my drawings are architectural, not human figures, etc. I'll try to get some work up soon.
July 14th, 2008 #5
Agree with Ilaekae. Separate from figures and clothing etc, I would look into how you visualise a scene. You don't necessarily need anatomy if you do stick figures, or other highly abstract work, or do your thing in collage or 3d or a mix or whatever. Think about things like composition, pacing, storytelling, camera angles etc., and how that effects the reader. I would look into Scott McLeods books, Understanding Comics and/or Making Comics if you haven't already. These are a great source for understanding graphic story telling.
Have fun with the project.
check the Tensai Tokyo Sketch Thread (Sketchbook)
check the Tensai Cityscapes Thread (Finally Finished)
Originally Posted by strych9ine
July 14th, 2008 #6
I would add something that for me is extremely important, more even in the kind of subject that you have in mind: practice and develop the hability to draw faces that are different for each character (there are a LOT of people that draws only a kind of woman, only changing the hairdo or eye's colour), than can display subtle emotions (not only happy/sad/angry, but the likes of reflecting, amused, melancholic...) and that are consistent with each character across the pages (I find sometimes difficult to follow a history in that the main character sometimes seems bigger, or younger... that in previous panels)
Of course a good history with (FUNDAMENTAL) good dialogues can overcome any shortcomings in the drawing departament, but if you have a good history and ALSO you are able to make your characters to being credible is even better.
I would give this importance to "character skills" in almost any comic, but in your case, with that kind of intimate subject, I think is even more important
July 14th, 2008 #7
Examining your particular strengths and weaknesses can give you some insight into what medium to use. For example, if your handwriting sucks no matter what you do you may have to resort to digital for at least the lettering. Similarly, if a giant out of control ink blob results when you put pen to paper, digital might be for you.
If you have been using pens and watercolor for twenty years then your strengths may lie in that area.
arttorney's sketchbook, such as it is ... (Occasional nudity.)
arttorney's portfolio
July 14th, 2008 #8
Definitely agreed that it'd be a great idea to open up a sketchbook and get posting some work! It'll help people give you more tailored feedback and suggestions, as well as simply get you drawing!
If you've not been drawing people much for a number of years, I'd say just draw as much as you can. Lifedrawing classes, taking your sketchbook around and drawing people on the bus, whatever - being able to draw people doing things, moving around, going about their business, in a natural way, is so important for comics.
That said, I think the very best thing to do is simply draw some comics! I find drawing comics really different from other kinds of drawing - it's full of its own unique challenges - so I'd say maybe write yourself a short story, like 5 pages, just get in there and do it - you'll learn *so* much from it, it'll acquaint you with the time it takes to do a few pages, and get you trying out some panel layouts and pacing...and you'll be able to post it for lots of great feedback!


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Get to your favorite sites quickly – even if you don't remember the URLs. Type your term into the location bar (aka the Awesome Bar) and the autocomplete function will include possible matches from your browsing history, bookmarked sites and open tabs.
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A data switch includes ingress ports associated with ingress queues (3) and egress ports associated with egress queues (9). The length of the ingress queues (3) is measured, and the level of broadcast packets arriving at the ingress ports is thereby estimated. Based on this estimate it is determined whether or not the level of broadcast packets is excessive, and in this case broadcast storm control is carried out.
1. An arrangement in a data switch having at least one ingress ports and a plurality of egress ports connected by a switching fabric, the arrangement comprising:
at least one ingress queues configured to queue data derived from data packets received at the ingress ports;
a broadcast packet estimation unit configured to determine the length of the at least one ingress queues; and
a broadcast packet control unit having a broadcast storm control mode in which the broadcast packet control unit performs a broadcast storm control operation, the broadcast packet control unit configured to operate in broadcast storm control mode if the obtained measure of the length of the at least one ingress queue rises above a first predetermined level before the data packets are queued in the at least one ingress queue, wherein the broadcast packet control unit is configured to only admit broadcast packets to the at least one ingress queue when not in broadcast storm control mode.
2. The arrangement according to
3. The arrangement according to
4. The arrangement according to
The present invention relates to a data switch and to a method of operating it.
One of the types of data packets which Ethernet switches are required to transmit are broadcast packets, i.e. packets which are to be transmitted from one of the ingress ports to all of the egress ports, except the egress port corresponding to the ingress port ("source port") from which the broadcast packet arrived. Shared memory output queue Ethernet switches cannot sustain excessive levels of broadcast packets, because the memory requirements increase linearly with the percentage of broadcasts in a traffic stream. This means that there is a need to limit the number of broadcasts in the system.
In the case that it is identified that the number of broadcast packets is excessive, it is known to delete selected ones of the broadcast packets, e.g. selectively based on a parameter in the header of the packet defining the importance of the packet. This is referred to as "broadcast storm control" (BSC).
Conventional methods to identify excessive amounts of broadcast packet traffic operate by counting the number of broadcasts per unit time. Once this value rises above a predefined level, BSC is turned on. When the figure drops below the predetermined level (e.g. by a certain amount, so that there is a hysteresis), BSC is turned off. This method suffers from the problem that it requires a counter for explicitly counting the broadcast packets. Additionally, since the count must be worked out per unit time, a timer is required, e.g. to decrement the counter every timer interval.
The present invention proposes a new and useful manner of determining excess levels of broadcast packets, in particular so that BSC can be carried out.
In general terms the invention proposes that the length of the respective queues at the ingress ports is measured, and the level of broadcast packets is estimated, or in some circumstances exactly determined, based on these lengths. The method is motivated by the observation that a broadcast packet takes longer than a normal packet to pass through the switch, and therefore causes the length of the queue to grow. In wirespeed unicast systems with one-to-one traffic flow, broadcast packets are in fact the only types of packets which can cause the ingress queues to lengthen.
From the level of the broadcast packets, a determination is made of whether or not the level is excessive, and in this case BSC can be carried out, for example according to the conventional methods described above. For example, BSC can be carried out whenever the system determines that the length of any of the queues rises above a predetermined level, since the length of that queue provides a measure of the frequency of arrival of broadcast packets (at the corresponding ingress port).
Preferred features of the invention will now be described, for the sake of illustration only, with reference to
Referring to
The Ethernet switch has a packet resolution module 1 including a respective ingress queue 3 for each ingress port. The ingress queues are marked from Rx#0 up to Rx#n−1. The packet resolution module 1 determines a destination list for each packet arriving at a certain ingress port (i.e. a list of the egress ports to which it should be transmitted), and stores this information in the corresponding queue. The destination list for a typical packet is labelled 4 in
The Ethernet switch further includes a queue management module 5 having a scheduler 7 and a respective egress queue 9 for each of the n egress ports. The egress queues are marked from Tx#0 up to Tx#n−1. The scheduler 7 in the queue management module 5 processes packets from each ingress port in a round-robin manner. For each packet the packet details are transmitted into all the egress queues specified in the destination list for that packet. The time taken for this insertion depends upon the amount of parallelism available in the queue management module 5, and is referred to as the scheduler bandwidth, which may be 5 insertions per unit time.
Each of the broadcast packets have to be inserted into each of the egress queues (except the source port), so if a broadcast packet arrives in the ingress queue structure every unit time, the scheduler must have a bandwidth of n−1 to match the ingress bandwidth (even in the absence of other packets). If the scheduler bandwidth is less than this, the ingress queue sizes will increase.
Specifically, suppose that the packet rate at each ingress port is M packets per unit time (0≦M≦1), so that the total number of packets arriving at the switch per unit time is NM. Suppose that the broadcast traffic as a fraction of all traffic is b (0≦b≦1), and that the actual scheduler bandwidth is S per unit time. In this case, the required scheduler rate is NM(1−b)+bNM(N−1) which is equal to NM(1+(N−2)b) per unit time. The difference between the egress and ingress rates is thus NM(1−b)+bNM(N−1)−S, and the rate of increase of the ingress queues is therefore {NM(1−b)+bNM(N−1)−S}/N.
In the embodiment, the packet resolution module 1 is arranged to determine the length of each of the queues, and according to the lengths determine if BSC should be applied. Preferably, the packet resolution module determines that this is the case when it finds that the length of any one of the queues rises above a predetermined level. Alternatively (or additionally), the packet resolution module may determine that this is the case when it finds that the total length of the n queues (i.e. the sum of the lengths of the n queues) rises above this predetermined maximum.
Once BSC has been applied, the packet resolution module 1 continuously monitors whether it must be turned off again. For example, if the BSC was triggered by the length of any one of the queues rising above a predetermined level, the BSC may be removed again in the case that it is found that the length of that queue has now fallen below a second predetermined level. Similarly, in the case that BSC was triggered by the total length of the queues rising above the predetermined level, the BSC may be removed in the case that it is found that the total length of the queues falls below a second predetermined level. In either case, the second predetermined level must be no higher than the first predetermined level, and is preferably lower since this provides a hysteresis.
Although only a single embodiment of the method has been described above, the invention is not limited in this respect and many variations are possible, just as there are many known designs of Ethernet switch. In particular, different Ethernet switches manage their ingress ports in different manners, but the general principle of measuring the lengths of ingress queues and obtaining from them a measure of the proportion of broadcast packets remains valid.
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Coastal Bend garden calendar: 05.21.10
COASTAL BEND - SUMMER GARDEN SEMINARS: The following summer garden seminars will be held at Gill Landscape Nursery, 2810 Airline Road, from 10 to 11 a.m. Saturday "Summer Color & Flowers" with Debbie Pinkerton; May 29 "Summer Lawn Care" with DeAnna Baumgartner; June 5 "Garden Bugs: The Good, The Bad and the Ugly" with James Gill; June 12 "Crape Myrtles -- Selection and Care" with Chuck Sodek. Free. Information: 992-9674.
RAINWATER HARVEST: Rainwater harvesting seminar is from 10 a.m. to noon Saturday in the Visitors Center of the South Texas Botanical Gardens & Nature Center, 8545 S. Staples St. Cecelia Ray Hawkins will teach storage methods to take advantage of rainy spells, catching and saving freshwater for landscapes, vegetable gardens or greenhouses. Cost: $7; $3.50/members. Information: 852-2100.
CONTAINER GARDENING: The "Container Gardening" seminar begins at 2 p.m. Sunday at Turner's Gardenland, 6503 S. Padre Island Drive. Free. Information: 991-9002.
PLUMERIA MEETS: Plumeria Society meets at 7 p.m. Wednesday at the Garden Senior Center, 5325 Greely Drive. Curator for the Plumeria Society of South Texas, Frank Eicholz will discuss "Organic Gardening." Social gathering begins at 6:30 p.m. Free. Information: 361-729-7034.
BONSAI MEETING: Bonsai Society meets at 7 p.m. Thursday at the Garden Senior Center, 5325 Greely Drive. Yvonne Padilla and Beverly Kemper will discuss "Driftwood Phoenix Graft." Free. Information: 992-0009.
ART IN THE GARDENS: The annual Art in the Gardens, a partnership between the South Texas Botanical Gardens & Nature Center and Art Center of Corpus Christi, will be from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. May 29-30 at the gardens' grounds, 8545 S. Staples St. Artist applications are being accepted. Information: 884-6406.
PLANTS SEMINAR: "Butterfly Gardens & Plants" will be presented at 2 p.m. May 30 at Turner's Gardenland, 6503 S. Padre Island Drive. Free. Information: 991-9002.
NATURALIST TRAINING: South Texas Master Naturalists will train the next class of interns starting in September. Information: Grace Lopez at 852-1020.
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Natural herb insect repellents can be made by processing hot peppers and/or garlic with water in a blender, straining out the pulp and diluting heavily with water. Keep handy to spray with a pump sprayer as needed.
-- Jan Shannon
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