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What is disclosed is a method that consists of constructing a bit-serial decoding table for a list of variable length codewords without the use of a binary decoding tree, and decoding using the decoding table, in a bit serial fashion, a bitstream encoded using those variable length codewords.
1. A method comprising:
constructing a bit-serial decoding table for a list of variable length codewords without the use of a binary decoding tree; and
decoding using said decoding table, in a bit serial fashion, a bitstream encoded using said variable length codewords.
2. A method according to claim 1 wherein said constructing comprises:
fetching a codeword composed of a plurality of bits for each symbol in said Huffman list;
scanning one of said bits for said codeword; and
processing said bit into said table.
3. A method according to claim 2 wherein scanning and processing repeat until the last bit of the codeword is scanned.
4. A method according to claim 3 wherein if the last bit of the codeword is reached, a terminator is set in said table.
5. A method according to claim 2 wherein fetching, scanning and processing are repeated for every codeword in the Huffman list.
6. A method according to claim 2 wherein constructing includes:
initializing, prior to any constructing, said table as an array of entries, each entry indexed by an address, each entry having two fields—a termination flag field and a next node_number/symbol field, said table having twice the number of entries as the number of codewords in said Huffman list; and
setting a global counter equal to one prior to said constructing.
7. A method according to claim 2 wherein said processing includes the generating of said indexing address.
8. A method according to claim 7 wherein said address is generated as the sum of twice a current node_number and the value of said scanned bit.
9. A method according to claim 8 wherein said current node_number is set to zero when each new codeword is fetched.
10. A method according to claim 9 wherein if the least significant bit of said codeword has been scanned then setting the next node_number/symbol field of the entry indexed by said generated address equal to the symbol corresponding to that codeword from said Huffman list; and
setting the termination flag field of the entry indexed by said generated address to one indicating that the next node_number/symbol field contains a decoded symbol.
11. A method according to claim 9 wherein if the least significant bit of the codeword has not been reached, then if termination flag field of the entry indexed by said generated address is null:
setting the next node_number/symbol of the entry indexed by said generated address equal to said counter value;
setting the termination flag field of the entry indexed by said generated address equal to zero;
setting said current node_number equal to said counter;
incrementing said counter by one; and
scanning next bit of said codeword.
12. A method according to claim 9 wherein if the least significant bit of the codeword has not been reached, then if termination flag field of the entry indexed by said generated address is not null:
setting said current node_number equal to the value of the next node_number/symbol field of the entry indexed by said generated address; and
scanning next bit of said codeword.
13. A method according to claim 1 wherein decoding includes:
setting a node_number variable equal to zero; and
fetching the first bit of said codeword.
14. A method according to claim 13 wherein decoding includes:
generating an indexing address equal to the sum of twice said node_number and the value of said fetched bit.
15. A method according to claim 14 wherein if the termination flag field of the entry indexed by said generated address is equal to one, then reading out the next node_number/symbol field of the entry indexed by said generated address as the decoded symbol.
16. A method according to claim 14 wherein if the termination flag field of the entry indexed by said generated address is not equal to one, then setting the node_number equal to the next node_number/symbol field of the entry indexed by said generated address;
fetching the next bit in the bitstream; and
repeating the generation of said indexing address.
17. An article comprising a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon which when executed causes:
constructing a bit-serial decoding table for a list of variable length codewords without the use of a binary decoding tree.
18. A system comprising:
a processor, said processor configured to serially decode variable length codeword encoded data; and
a memory coupled to said processor, said memory configured to store instructions and data relating to said decode, said decode performed using a stored table, said table constructed without use of a binary decoding tree.
19. An apparatus comprising firmware adapted to construct a bit-serial decoding table for a list of variable length codewords without the use of a binary decoding tree.
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates generally to data compression. More specifically, the invention relates to data compression for image processing and other such applications.
2. Description of the Related Art
Image compression techniques can be classified as either "lossy" or "lossless". With lossless compression, the original image prior to compression can be exactly recovered when the compressed image is decompressed. Consequently, lossless techniques, whose compression ratios depend upon the entropy of an image, do not achieve high compression ratios and, since they preserve a high percentage of original image information, are computationally expensive. By contrast, lossy compression schemes provide only an approximation of the original image. Thus, with lossy compression, greater compression ratios can be achieved but with loss in image quality compared to lossless techniques. One such lossy technique referred to as "predictive coding" (also called Digital Pulse Code Modulation (DPCM) which is well-known in the art) predicts the value of a successive pixel (pixels are color components related by spatial row, column position) by linearly combining the properties of already processed neighboring pixels. An error pixel is defined as the difference between the original image pixel and the corresponding predicted pixel. The error pixel is first quantized and then binary encoded. Traditionally, the binary encoding involves either using a fixed-length code or variable-length code which encodes the quantized error pixel (value). Variable-length coding is used in image/motion compression techniques such as JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group), MPEG (Motion Pictures Experts Group) and H.261. In the variable-length encoding situation, quantized error values will have different lengths based upon the number of bits needed to represent the value in binary. Thus, often, both a run-length (i.e., the length of the code to follow or the number of consecutive zeroes or ones) and the code itself must be encoded. Strictly variable-length code is difficult to decode and inefficient to implement in a parallel processing architectures since there are no predefined boundaries between codewords. Variable-length encoding is inherently serial in nature, where decoding is usually done one bit at a time, since there is a wide possible variation in the lengths of the quantized error codes.
The implementation of such computationally intensive techniques demands more VLSI circuitry than is suitable for digital cameras and portable, small devices desiring image compression. One method developed for the decoding of variable length codes is the construction of a "decoding tree." Thus, in popular variable length coding schemes such as Huffman coding, after a Huffman encoding list (which specifies how and with what lengths data is to be coded) is developed, a corresponding decoding tree is also constructed and then somehow stored in memory. Starting from the root, the tree may be traversed through its branches until a leaf (terminal node) is encountered. The terminal node indicates that the codeword is fully decoded, such that the corresponding symbol may be read out. This process restarts at the root for each such potential codeword.
The construction of such decoding trees is resource intensive and can cost valuable time. Further, a key problem in the implementation of such methods is how to most efficiently store the decoding tree from which codewords may be decoded. Thus, there is a need for simpler technique to implement bit-serial decoding while reducing the complexity and resource use of that in traditional decoding tree techniques.
A method comprising constructing a bit-serial decoding table for a list of variable length codewords without the use of a binary decoding tree, and then decoding using that decoding table, in a bit serial fashion, a bitstream encoded using the variable length codewords.
The objects, features and advantages of (e method and apparatus for the present invention will be apparent from the following description in which:
FIG. 1 is a flow diagram according to one embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a flow diagram according to one embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 3 shows an exemplary set of BSD table entries that may be constructed according to one embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 4 is a flow diagram for decoding according to one embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 5 is a system diagram of one embodiment of the invention.
Referring to the figures, exemplary embodiments of the invention will now be described. The exemplary embodiments are provided to illustrate aspects of the invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. The exemplary embodiments are primarily described with reference to block diagrams or flowcharts. As to the flowcharts, each block within the flowcharts represents both a method step and an apparatus element for performing the method step. Depending upon the implementation, the corresponding apparatus element may be configured in hardware, software, firmware or combinations thereof.
Variable length coding schema, such as Huffman coding, are often designed to provide a unique combination or bit sequence such that no code is the subset prefix of another code. Thus, Huffman encoded data may be serially decoded, but to do so, requires the construction of a decoding table.
The memory mapped table for bit serial decoding, labeled BSD, is a table that specifies by bits and nodes an addressing as well as decoding scheme that is specifically suited for a particular set of codewords. The BSD (Bit Serial Decoding) table is constructed from the Huffman codeword list without reference to any binary decoding tree. This avoids having to construct the tree and then having to store the tree in order to develop a decoding table. The methodology for directly constructing a decoding table without resorting to a binary decoding tree or similar mechanism, is outlined in FIG. 1.
FIG. 1 is a flow diagram according to one embodiment of the invention.
Firs, the BSD table is initialized (block 110). This involves setting a terminator flag for each address in the table where the ending bit of a codeword is reached. The BSD table contains, for each address, a terminator flag and a second field specifying a component (referred to as the "node number") for the next look-up address for the codeword or the symbol represented by the codeword. The procedure shown in blocks 130-160 repeats until there are no more codewords to process (checked at block 120).
In this procedure, each bit is scanned in every codeword in a sequential manner (block 130). Since most codes such are Huffman have prefix exclusivity, the sequence is most efficiently handled starting from the most significant bit to the least significant bit. As each bit is scanned, a check is performed to see if that bit is the last in the particular codeword being processed (checked at block 140). If it is not the last bit, then the bit is processed to form a new table entry having a zero termination flag (block 150). If the scanned bit is the last bit in the codeword, then the termination flag is set in the table (block 160) and the symbol is written to the table.
FIG. 2 is a flow diagram according to one embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 describes one possible methodology for processing the bits in a particular codeword and roughly corresponds to a exemplary discussion of the operation of blocks 150 and 160 from FIG. 1.
The BSD table, which will store the decoding sequence and symbols from the variable codewords, would have dimensions of 2 by 2*N, where N is the number of symbols encoded. In one embodiment, the table will have two fields-a codeword/next node number field and a termination flag field-for each address. A termination flag value of zero indicates a non-termination while a value of one indicates that the codeword is completely resolved such that the corresponding symbol may be read out. FIG. 2 essentially describes a means to generate values for these fields in conjunction with an offset addressing scheme, where the input bit provides an offset value (either zero or one) to a base address. The BSD table will be represented in FIG. 2 by BSD[I] [J], where I represents the table address and ranges from 0 to 2*N−1, and where J represents the field being indexed (i.e., either the termination flag field (1) or the codeword/next node number field (0)) and ranges from 0 to 1.
First, according to block 210, all of the termination flag fields BSD[I][1] in the table are initialized to null (no value) since there is no a priori assignment of certain fields being termination fields or not. For each different variable codeword list, the termination flags may vary in distribution. A tracking variable "Counter" is initially set to 1 (block 220). A second variable, "Current_Node," that tracks which node number is currently being accessed, is set to zero (block 230). Node zero represents the starting point from which decoding for a codeword proceeds.
The codeword is scanned bit-by-bit in a serial fashion with each bit from the codeword becoming the value of the variable "Input_Val" (block 240). The table is indexed by computing the value Current_Node*2 +Input_Val and this is assigned to the variable "Address" (block 250). The codeword bits are processed into the table BSD until the least significant bit (LSB) of the codeword is read out. A check whether a particular bit is the LSB is performed at block 255.
If the LSB has been reached, then the symbol can be written out to the table. To accomplish this, the field BSD[Address][0] is filled with the symbol (or alternatively, an index to a symbol table) that the codeword represents (block 257). Also, the termination flag field BSD[Address][1] is set equal to one (block 259), indicating that the symbol can be read out of BSD[Address][0], and that no more bits comprise the codeword. In constructing the table, the next codeword/symbol may then be processed (block 271).
If the LSB has not been reached (checked at block 255), then there are still bits in the codeword that need to be processed. As will be detailed in the example below, more than one codeword may share the same sequence of two or more bits. Thus, it is possible that the processing of a previous codeword/symbol into the table already resulted in a value (the "next" node component of the address to which decoding should progress) being assigned to the field BSD[Address][1]. Thus, the unknown condition, whether BSD[Address][1] is null or not, is tested (block 260). If BSD[Address][1] is not null, then the Current_Node variable is set equal to the value of BSD[Address][0] (block 270). The next bit in the codeword is then fetched (block 240), with processing for the current bit essentially bypassed (i.e., no resulting table write) and a new Address is computed (block 250) using the new Current_Node value read out from the table.
If BSD[Address][1] is null (checked at block 260), then a value needs to be written in accordance with which next node is to be indicated therein. The variable "counter", which tracks the next node component throughout the processing and is not reset between codewords. Rather than compute the actual next node in a binary tree sense, which is completely avoided, the methodology presented herein allows the next node number to be sequentially assigned. The variable "Counter" is used for this function.
Accordingly, the field BSD[Address][0] is written with the value of "Counter" (block 280). Since the bit is not the LSB, there is no termination when the address is indexed during decode and hence, the field BSD[Address][1] is written with a zero value (block 282). This indicates that the value in the BSD[Address][0] is the next node component of the next address to be indexed in the table and should not be confused with a symbol encountered upon codeword termination. So that the next address can be computed, the Current_Node is set to equal to the counter value (i.e., the newly assigned next node component becomes the new current node component)(block 284). The Counter variable is then incremented for future use (block 286).
Processing flow proceeds from either block 286 or block 270 back to block 240. Thus, for each bit in a codeword, blocks 255 through 286 are repeated. When the codeword LSB has been reached, the next codeword may be read out from the Huffman list and processed (block 271). For each new codeword in the list, the processing is repeated with Current_Node reset to zero (i.e., the default starting location)(block 230). In the manner described above an entire bit-serial decoding table such as that shown in the example of FIG. 3 may be constructed.
FIG. 3 shows an exemplary set of BSD table entries that may be constructed according to one embodiment of the invention.
For example, consider the following Huffman variable length codeword and symbol list:
Table 1 above is an exemplary Huffman coded list for eight symbols "a" through "h". Huffman coding is variable length coding in that each codeword may have a different length. In the conventional methodology, a binary decoding tree would be created that maps out each code in binary tree with leaf nodes containing the symbols represented by the path (codeword). After such a decoding tree is created, it is typically traversed to create a decoding table. The conventional methodology must not only create the binary tree, but store it as well. In the present invention, the use of a binary tree is completely avoided. By applying the methodology described in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, a decoding table may be obtained directly from a Huffman codeword list such as that shown in Table 1 above. Such a table is shown in FIG. 3. The stored table would include the address and the two fields labeled "output" which includes a Next Node_Number/Codeword field and a termination flag field.
Referring to Table 1 above, the symbol "a" is designated to have a codeword "00". To construct the decoding table to reflect this, referring to FIG. 2, the following would result:
Block 210: All BSD[I][1] set NULL
Block 220: Counter=1
Block 230: Current_Node=0
Block 240: Input_Val=0 (i.e., the most significant bit of "00")
Block 250: Address=0*2+0=0
Block 255: LSB not reached, proceed to block 260
Block 260: BSD[0][1] =NULL, proceed to block 280
Block 280: Set BSD[0][0] =1, indicating the next node
Block 282: Set BSD[0][1] =0, indicating no termination
Block 284: Set Current_Node=1
Block 286: Set Counter=Counter+1
Block 240: next Input_Val 0 (LSB of codeword "00")
Block 250: Address=1*2+0=2
Block 255: LSB reached, proceed to block 257
Block 257: BSD[2][0] ="a", symbol corresponding to codeword "00" in Table 1
Block 259: Set BSD[2][1] =1, indicating a termination.
In a like manner, each codeword in the list and its corresponding symbol can be processed in the BSD table. If the methodology described in FIG. 2 is employed, the BSD table of FIG. 3 results. Referring to FIG. 2, when each new codeword is processed, the Current_Node variable is reset to 0, while the Counter variable is not reset, but rather, continues with whatever value it held at the end of processing the previous codeword.
When decoding a sequence of bits that represent one or more codewords, and thus symbols, the decoding is performed in a serial fashion with the BSD table being accessed during the decode. FIG. 4 describes the decode process, which is a series of table look-ups.
FIG. 4 is a flow diagram for decoding according to one embodiment of the invention.
When decoding a bitstream that is the result of Huffman coding a set of symbols, the Node_Number component of the BSD table indexing address is set to zero (block 410). Then, the first bit (most significant bit) in the codeword is fetched (block 420). The table is indexed using an offset mechanism, and accordingly, the offset component of the address is set equal to the input bit (1 or 0 in decimal) (block 430). The address is based upon a combination of the Node_Number component and the offset component. Specifically, the address for indexing is the offset plus twice the Node_Number component (block 440). This address is used to access the BSD table and get either the appropriate symbol or the value of the next Node_Number component for the next address to be computed. To determine whether the addressed table entries contain a symbol or the Node_Number component of the next table address, the termination flag field BSD[Address][1] is examined (block 450). If the termination flag is 1, then the field BSD[Address][0] is the symbol (since a termination flag of 1 indicates the ending bit of a codeword) (block 480), or alternatively an index to a symbol table. If the termination flag BSD[Address][1] is 0, then the codeword has more bits remaining to be decoded, and thus, the Node_Number component of the next computed table address resides in BSD[Address][0] rather than a symbol (block 460). Since there are more bits in the codeword in this case, the next bit of the same codeword is fetched (block 470). Processing continues with the newly fetched bit becoming the value of the offset component of the next table address (block 430). When the end of a codeword is reached (checked at block 450), that is when the termination flag BSD[Address][1] is 1, then the decoding process is reset with the Node_Number component being reset to zero (block 410).
To illustrate, consider the decoding of a Huffman bitstream "11100100". Assuming the Huffman list in Table 1 above was used to encode this bitstream and a decoding table BSD shown in FIG. 3, this stream may be decoded, using the methodology of FIG. 4, as follows:
Block 410: Node_Number=0
Block 420-440: Offset=Input Value "1"; Address=0*2+1=1
Block 450: Look up BSD[1][1]=0, so no termination
Block 460: Look up BSD[1][0]=2; new Node_Number=2
Block 470: Next Input Value=1
Block 430-440: Offset=Input Value=1; Address=2*2+1=5
Block 450: Look up BSD[5][1]=0, so no termination
Block 460: Look up BSD[5][0]=4; new Node_Number=4
Block 470: Next Input Value=1
Block 430-440: Offset=InputValue=1; Address=4*2+1=9
Block 450: Look up BSD[9] [1]0; so no termination
Block 480: Look up BSD[9][0]=5; new Node_Number=5
Block 430-440: Offset=InputValue=0; Address=5*2+0=10
Block 450: Look up BSD[10][1]=1; so codeword termination
Block 480: Look up BSD[10][0]="f"; decoded symbol=f
Block 410: Reset Node_Number =0;
Block 430-440: Offset=Input Value=0; Address=0*2+0=0
Block 450: Look up BSD[0][1]=0, so no termination
Block 460: Look up BSD[0][0]=1; new Node_Number=1
Block 470: Next Input Value=1
Block 430-440: Offset=Input Value=1; Address=1*2+1=3
Block 450: Look up BSD[3][1]=1; codeword termination
Block 480: Look up BSD[3][0]="b"; decoded symbol=b
Block 410: Reset Node Number=0
Block 420: Next Input Value=0
Block 430-440: Offset=Input Value=0, Address=0*2+0=0
Block 450: Look up BSD[0][1]=0, so no termination
Block 460: Look up BSD[0][0]=1; new Node_Number=1
Block 470: Next Input Value=0
Block 430-440: Offset=Input Value=0; Address=1*2+0=2
Block 450: Look up BSD[2][1]=1; codeword termination
Block 480: Look up BSD[2][0]="a"; decoded symbol=a
Thus, the bitstream "11100100" is decode as the sequence of symbols "fba". Referring back to the Huffman list, one can verify that 1110 is "f", 01 is "b" and 00 is "a", showing that the decoding table and the methodology of FIG. 4 give accurate results.
FIG. 5 is a system diagram of one embodiment of the invention.
Illustrated is a computer system 710, which may be any general or special purpose computing or data processing machine such as a PC (personal computer), coupled to a camera 730. Camera 730 may be a digital camera, digital video camera, or any image capture device or imaging system, or combination thereof and is utilized to capture an image of a scene 740. Essentially, captured images are processed by an image processing circuit 732 so that they can be efficiently stored in an image memory unit 734, which may be a RAM or other storage device such as a fixed disk. The image contained within image memory unit 734 that is destined for computer system 710 may be compressed through use of a variable length code such as Huffman coding. In most digital cameras that can perform still imaging, images are stored first in such a compressed form and downloaded later. This allows the camera 730 to capture the next object/scene quickly without additional delay.
The image processing circuit 732 carries out image compression and including variable length or Huffman encoding. When a compressed and encoded image is downloaded to computer system 710, it may be decoded and then rendered to some output device such as a printer (not shown) or to a monitor device 720. Decoding of image data may be achieved using a processor 712 such as the Pentium™ processor (a product of Intel Corporation) and a memory 711, such as RAM, which is used to store/load instruction addresses and result data.
In one embodiment, the decoding table may be generated directly from the original Huffman list using a software application running on computer system 710. The application(s) used to perform the decoding table generation and/or actual decoding after download from camera 730 may be from an executable compiled from source code written in a language such as C++. The instructions of that executable file, which correspond with instructions necessary to decode the image, may be stored to a disk 718 or memory 711. Disk 718 or memory 711 may also store the decoding table once generated. Further, such application software may be distributed on a network or a computer-readable medium for use with other systems. In another embodiment, the decoding table can also be generated directly in the firmware with a relatively small code size.
When the user or application desires/requests a download of images, the encoded image data in the image memory unit, are transferred from image memory unit 734 to the I/O port 717. I/O port 717 uses the bus-bridge hierarchy shown (I/O bus 715 to bridge 714 to system bus 713) to temporarily store the data into memory 711 or, optionally, disk 718. Computer system 710 has a system bus 713 which facilitates information transfer to/from the processor 712 and memory 711 and a bridge 714 which couples to an I/O bus 715. I/O bus 715 connects various I/O devices such as a display adapter 716, disk 718 and an I/O port 717, such as a serial port. Many such combinations of I/O devices, buses and bridges can be utilized with the invention and the combination shown is merely illustrative of one such possible combination. The encoded image data may be decoded using the methodology of FIG. 4 and the decoding table and then rendered onto monitor 720. The elimination of a decoding tree for the purpose of decoding the image increases the speed and efficiency of the decoding process.
The exemplary embodiments described herein are provided merely to illustrate the principles of the invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. Rather, the principles of the invention may be applied to a wide range of systems to achieve the advantages described herein and to achieve other advantages or to satisfy other objectives as well.
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text: No recent wiki edits to this page. Carnelian is still trying to put his hand on the fragment of the stone amethyst that Granch lost. The link between the Prince Topaz and Amethyst is becoming greater. The prince wants to convince his sister to change her mind and join the ranks of the princess rather than encouraging the fortress Opal.Amethyst go with the young princess Emerald to try to retrieve the fragment that seeks Carnelian. The final battle is brewing in the two camps. Dark Opal is still planning awaiting the final battle . He is talking to Sardonyx who questions D.O. who says he knows Garnet's mind and strategy. Sardonyx questions that since Opal has never defeated him.Carnellian is off to do wo knows what gether or retrieve we don't know just yet.Meanwhile we see Amethyst talking to Topaz about trying to convince his sister to join them. The two embrace and are spied on by princess emerald.Who sees that Amethyst's gem is in trouble the and Citrine with her help find that a piece of the true amethyst is in Opal's land.Amethyst andher friends get ready for the big battle and leave for D.O's land. At the House of Opal the Varn have come for their payment even though the bothched the job. Dark Opal does not wish to pay and as payment as per the contract they take Sardonyx with hem but they are all driven out by Opal using his magic to banish them all.Amethyst and Emerald arrive but are seen by Carnellian riding an inefficient snow mobile since there is no snow. He uses a gun and knocks them out of the sky. At Castle Amethyst they plans for the big battle are talked about however frustrated lady emerald yells at Citrina for not telling the generals who her mother is and now is quite insane. Lady Emerald is seen singing like a little girl and is talking to her father;s vizier but se is mad and kills him in her outburst it seems.Little Emerald is revived and sees the dragon about to attack an unconcious Amethyst. Carnellian has eath guns and grenades and fights the dragon who he sees has the amethyst gem. .Carnellian retrieves the gem and leaves with it. Prince Topaz returns home only to be stopped and looks to be arrested by the troops per his sisters command..

subset: commoncrawl


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Rated 3.8 out of 5 by 436 reviewers.
Rated 4 out of 5 by MM18 Convenient location Nice alternative to staying in Manhattan. Quiet, convenient. December 14, 2012
Rated 4 out of 5 by Nad1 A nice hotel, good location I stayed for one night on a weekend trip to New York. A very convenient location, close to Metro, nice rooms, good service. Will definitely stay again in the future. December 12, 2012
Rated 5 out of 5 by Gstar GREAT ROOM Loved the comfy king bed and beautiful bathroom. The maids were very helpful . one suggestion is maybe an auto check in so we don't have to wait in line forever behind people who don't have a room and are wasting time arguing over room prices. December 5, 2012
Rated 2 out of 5 by NOTimpressed111 location First time staying in NYC location was great for what we needed. Had problems with the keys and had to make 3 trips down to get a key that would open the door. After a long day of traveling this was a pain luckly the only elevator working didn't need a key to activate. The employees are very friendly and speak each time you meet them. Our bed was made each day and towels replaced but the floor was never vacumed. No drawers to put clothes away was very unhandy. Two days we were there only 1 elevator out of 4 worked. There aren't ice machines on every floor and our soda machine did not work. Reported this on Tuesday and it was not fixed 5days later. Had to take the elevator to second floor to get both ice and soda. We waited over twenty minutes for it to stop on our floor. Staff was not concerned and every single guest was complaining! For the price and being a Sheraton ALL elevators should be working! We will stay here again because of the location but know not to expect much. December 2, 2012
Rated 4 out of 5 by Ron6464 Nice Surprise We visit our son frequently in Brooklyn and have stayed at another hotel brand in Brooklyn at twice the cost and less value. We have tried airbnb with bad results. The Autoclub recommended the Sheraton and we are very happy we booked it. Great location for us. Nice quiet rooms. Good people. We now know where to stay when we come back. November 30, 2012
Rated 5 out of 5 by Metzy Excellent hotel Came to NY to watch basketball at the Barclay Center. The hotel location was great for that. It is also a block from the subway for easy access to all of New York. Friendly and helpful staff. We would stay there again. November 24, 2012
Rated 4 out of 5 by ADF68 Brooklyn is a choice over Manhattan College hoops at the Barclay Center and theater/dinner in New York provided for a perfect weekend by staying at the Sheraton in Brooklyn. Convenient to subway made the travel between venues a breeze. November 23, 2012
Rated 5 out of 5 by Rondad33 Wonderful hotel, great staff Stayed two days recently on family visit. Everyone we met had a smile and a friendly, helpful attitude. Could not have been nicer. The room was plenty large enough by NY standards, and exeptionally clean. Location was very convenient near the approaches to Manhattan. Parking was available on the street. Overall, a very positive experience. Would definitely stay here again and recommend it to others. November 15, 2012
Rated 3 out of 5 by henry55 Hotel is noisy. bring ear plugs....the door self closing mechanisms slam every door so hard and loud,it may as well be in your room. November 8, 2012
Rated 5 out of 5 by kak818 Home away from home This past weekend I was stuck in Brooklyn due to the hurricaine. If I had to be stuck away from home, I could not think of a better place to have it happen. The staff here extended my reservation without question when I knew I would be there for a few days. They had a hotel full of frustrated people and Marie and her staff (Marie especially) could not have handled things more calmly and with more kindness. As things started to unfold I wondered how the hotel would hold up and we never lost power and they did have food and drinks for everyone. Marie and her staff really should be commended. This just reiterates why I always stay at the Sheraton Brooklyn when I travel to NY if at all possible. Thank you for making something very tolerable out of a bad situation. November 1, 2012
Rated 3 out of 5 by TandJ dinning room What a nice suprise for tired tourists that the hotel food was at a very nice level of preperation and menu was varied! October 26, 2012
Rated 5 out of 5 by Rashmi Brooklyn stay Excellent stay and services. October 24, 2012
Rated 1 out of 5 by Steve49 No Hot Water! Hotel informed us after checkin that hot water was unavailable - a situation that lasted for two days. As our stay was for three days, our first time in New York, and we were very disappointed. On checkout, we asked for some adjustment in the charges, which were made after some negotiation with the staff on duty. October 21, 2012
Rated 4 out of 5 by Dorowine Restaurant does not match hotel quality Our party of 5 ate dinner at the Grubsteak Restaurant, and although the server was very nice, and the manager solicitous, the experience was a C-. There was loud techno-rock music playing in the half empty room, which was a huge disconnect from the tablecloth, roses, silver setting (although our tablecloth had a noticeable red wine stain from a previous occupant.) We asked the manager twice if he could turn down the awful music and he said he would 'see what he could do.' Huh? The music stayed the same volume throughout. The service was very very slow (15 minutes to get our drinks, 30 minutes to get our first course) even though the place was not nearly full. I think our waitress, kind but unschooled, might have been serving the whole room. The manager mostly chatted up the customers, without actually doing something constructive and helpful. There was no check-back, even though there had been a mix up on the original order. The total for our group of 5 was $227.00 for average food and minimal service. The following day, we had breakfast at the IHOP nearby, and had impeccable service by a cheerful staff. We all remarked on the difference! October 21, 2012
Rated 3 out of 5 by Raymond Recent stay issues During a recent trip to New York including a stay at the Sheraton TriBeca and in Brookly, I was disappointed with the level at Brooklyn. Three issues really put a negative tone to our Brooklyn stay. 1) Cold water on departure morning of October 8th 2) I was charged for a bottle of water that said complementary 3) a storage cost for luggage while we toured during. Seems like a bit of nickel and diming to detriment of the staff ( I would normally have tipped) October 21, 2012
Rated 3 out of 5 by Scharfy Poor location and tight quarters This hotel is newer and clean. That is the best I can say about it. The Sheraton should have spent a little more money and found a better location. It is in a horrible neighbohood which is not convenient to anything. I would never recommend that women staying alone stay here. The restaurant in the hotel had the worst customer service, or lack thereof, and every customer dining at the same time we were agreed. The continental breakfast on the club floor left alot to be desired. Powdered eggs with a green hue were enough to make one sick. I think the hotel could at least spend $50.00 on a waffle iron and provide a waffle station. The club lounge was rarely stocked with water. I even saw a few small bugs smashed on one of the curtains next to our table. I would most definitely NEVER stay here again. October 19, 2012
Rated 1 out of 5 by Mondo40 Needs better organization 1)Registration man (Bellman) disorganized,confused and lacked information. It took half hour to register 2)Club lounge staff (only 1 person for a lot of people)disorganized.Poor food quality. 3)Sunday pool attendant arrived at 11.30.Patrons milling around and no one giving info.4)Requested extra robe arrived the following day5)Angie promised 4000 extra points.So far not added to account.Other problems: Hotel cars (Taxis)incredibly expensive-Restaurant ?Grubber closed Sunday at 1P.M. ?? Friday:not hot water the whole afternoon.Understand the problem but no one could give info. October 17, 2012
Rated 2 out of 5 by Jeannette19 Think twice before staying here. 1.We arrived on a Friday,early evening, for a weekend family wedding in Brooklyn. We found there was no hot water to shower before going to the family dinner. All they said was sorry we are waiting on a part. 2. In order to reach your floor you must insert your room key into a slot in the elevator before pushing the floor button....Good luck trying to do that before the door closes unless you are the first person on. If you are on a lower floor you will end up riding up and down the elevator several times before you are able to arrive on your floor. The staff is well aware of this problem but says there is nothing they can do about it. 3. DON'T use the hotel's car service. They make up prices and many don't know how to get where you want to go. ( We took 2 cars to the family dinner leaving from the hotel, going to the same place at the same time. one car charged $25 the other $35 and the more expensive car also had no idea how to get where we wanted to go and pulled over and spent 8 min looking at his map even after we told him WE had printed direction. The ride back was only a cost of $20) When we told the hotel about this all the said was " That's just not right" and literally shrugged their shoulders at us. 4. If you wish to speak with a manager upon leaving don't even try. We were told they don't arrive until 2pm....Which of course is well after check out. October 17, 2012
Rated 2 out of 5 by coldandwet1 cold showers no hot water. computers printers non-working October 16, 2012
Rated 4 out of 5 by LEZLEE1 NO HOT WATER! We were only there one night for the Barbra Streisand concert. Would have loved to shower before concert but had no hot water. Then had driver pick us up at 6:30 A.M. next morning to head back to airport to catch flight and still no hot water. Could not shower or wash hair, good thing I was there for recreation. It would have been a nightmare if we were there for business! October 15, 2012
Rated 4 out of 5 by Random Convenient and Clean The hotel was fine, but there was a problem in having no hot water the entire time we were there. This has happened before so this is an ongoing problem. They did not attempt to adjust our bill, nor offer an apology upon check out. Hotel is very clean and convenient to the Barclay's Center. The staff is good but the lack of hot water is not fun! Good breakfast on the club floor. October 15, 2012
Rated 1 out of 5 by Cline No hot water! Major fail. no hot water. October 15, 2012
Rated 2 out of 5 by Marge2412 Too many problems 1 not easy to get local cars or taxis 2. Water shut down during day 3. Food was awful. 4. Hotel could not break $100.00 bill October 15, 2012
Rated 3 out of 5 More communication between management and guests needed. On Thursday 10/11 we were notified that there would be repairs to the boilers and no hot water would be available from 1PM to 3 PM. When I attempted to use the "hot water" prior to going to sleep I was shocked to learn that it was cold. My husband called the front desk and was informed that repairs would not be complete for 24 hours. We had an early flight back to Florida and had to leave without showering. Had my husband not called to inquire we would never have known. More communication required. Additionally, the room was not kept clean, i.e. carpet was dirty (actually pieces of debris). I was told upon check out that we would be credited with 2,000 points ... that was all that could be done. I will think twice before making hotel reservations in Brooklyn, NY next time. October 15, 2012
Rated 1 out of 5 by Jnottoohappy Sharaton Brooklyn No hot water. Food was not good quality. Stafff was pleasent, but not well trained. Overall, the worst SPG experience I have ever had. This property is not up to SPG standards. October 15, 2012
Rated 4 out of 5 by sacmankurtk Club lounge was a zoo. We stayed four nights . The location was convenient to subway lines into Manhattan and Brooklyn Heights. The Club Lounge only had one overworked and distressed lady to do the work of at least two. Last Monday, there was a shortage of food and drink due to 45 people who swarmed the room though not having appropriate lounge pprivileges. This is the busiest Sheraton club lounge I have visited. It needs more staff to handle the morning surge of guests. Also, it needs a better screening system, to keep out people who walk through the door with legitimate club lounge guests. No newspapers in this lounge too! October 14, 2012
Rated 1 out of 5 by Baloo One of the worst hotel experiences I have ever had The room was OK and they kept it clean, but overall, this is one of the worst hotels I have ever stayed in, in relation to the price. Maybe *the* worst. The restaurant is terrible. The quality of the food would embarrass a chain diner. The service is even below that level. On some days, it took the servers up to 20 minutes (no exaggeration) to notice us at the bar or at a table. Of course, they did notice us when we came in. It's not such a busy place. They just couldn't be bothered to come over. They were too busy chatting with each other or texting on their phone. The food usually took a very long time to arrive, and when it did, it was usually very badly cooked and lukewarm. There is a "club lounge" there that you can go into and get what they euphemistically call "hors d'œuvres" - really just little pieces of cheese and crackers, dried out veggies and sometimes some overcooked noodles with some greasy meat, but that is usually gone fast and the staff doesn't bother to go down into the kitchen and replenish it. They are more busy harassing selected guests who they think don't look like they belong there by rudely interrogating them about their room number - while access to the "club lounge" is by room key card only anyway! They have a laundry service there. When you want to use it, you fill out a card and you can tick an option "in by 10pm back by 7am". But when you tick that and drop it off at 9pm, you are informed that the laundry will be back "maybe" the next night, more likely the following day. Near the end of my stay, the hot water boilers broke down and we were informed by letter that unfortunately, for the next 24h there would only be "80-85 deg warm" water. That added insult to injury - the water was 55 deg cold. We were also informed that we could make appointments to take a shower at the hotel next door - the next open appointment would be in about 3-4h! The lady at the front desk told me "this is New York, just deal with it". So I did - by checking out and escaping to the hotel next door. Which is run by the same corporation and shares the same terrible restaurant - but at least they had warm water. I have to mention though that some of the front desk staff were very friendly and did their best to help the guests with the many inadequacies of this terribly run hotel, but it was also obvious that they themselves were very frustrated and overwhelmed with the whole situation. October 14, 2012
Rated 5 out of 5 by bxcop13 WOW!!! THIS PLACE ROCKS!!!!..WAS TREATED BEYOND ROYALTY...THE STAFF IS THE ABSOLUTE BEST I HAVE EVER EXPERIENCED AND Ms. KUPFER WAS OUTSTANDING TO ME AND MY WIFE!! WE WILL DEFINATELY STAY THERE AGAIN AND AGAIN !!! THANK YOU SO MUCH!!! October 13, 2012
Rated 1 out of 5 by Antonio Location, location & ......location The location is ideal, with many subway lines to Manhattan and walking distance to the new Barclay Center. Unfortunately, its location is also a curse, as the electronic/dub step music from the rooftop bar permeates the pores of the hotel until 3 am, making it impossible to sleep. When we arrived (on Friday am), we discovered (as others have said) its next to impossible to secure a room upgrade (NB As a Platinum SPG member, this is the first time I have not been upgraded in 2 + years). The action in the bar also explains why the elevators are so slow (we waited for 10 minutes on two occasions on Saturday). Its because the hotel dedicates 2 of its elevators to the bar, including the service elevator, forcing its own staff to use the public lifts! Housekeeping was pretty iffy - we had to ask for everything! The staffing in the SPG lounge was spotty - they opened late & were inattentive when supplies ran out! The final straw came on Sunday, when after a night with zero sleep, there was no hot water to be had! We checked out early (a first!) and went to another hotel! (Mid-level management did not adequately respond to service concerns, another signal that all is not right @ the Sheraton Brooklyn). October 10, 2012
Rated 1 out of 5 by Manju this hotel has zero our stay was one of the worst one's we have ever had at a Sherton. We got up to no hot water on Sat 10 6 2012, the responce that was given was unacceptable. Tried to get breakfast on Monday and was told no you can not we have to many groups therefore you must eat the buffet. Having esophageal cancer and only being able to eat not fried foods. Which is what was on the buffet, was one more thing that was totaly unacceptable. Unpon leaving the Sherton they had charge me for each bottle of water at 3.50 for the small bottle at that. The room was never cleaned correctly, dirty dishes were not taken from the room and the trash was not taken either. We had to ask for clean towels on the first day of our stay as they only had two. There were 3 of us in the room of which they new. So were we happy NO October 10, 2012


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Book Search
Probability Foundations of Economic Theory
First published in 1994. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company....
Published February 18th 2014 by Routledge
Individualism and the Social Order
The Social Element in Liberal Thought
Series: Routledge Frontiers of Political Economy
Liberalism is typically misconceived as a philosophy of individualism, which cannot accept that man exists in society and that man's values are shaped by that society.This book attempts to identify the role of community and society in the political and social thought of leading liberal social...
Published September 12th 2012 by Routledge
Order and Control in American Socio-Economic Thought
Social Scientists and Progressive-Era Reform
Series: Routledge Frontiers of Political Economy
The Progressive Era is generally regarded as a period of extraordinary social, political, and economic change, affecting virtually every aspect of American life. In the last decades of the nineteenth century, American social scientists, drawing on their experiences with the German social welfare...
Published January 16th 2012 by Routledge
John Maynard Keynes: Critical Responses
Series: Critical Responses
John Maynard Keynes, heralded in his own time by the press as "our greatest living economist", is acknowledged as one of the most influential thinkers of the 20th Century. This set presents contemporary responses to Keynes and provides a range of reviews, academic assessments and scholarly essays...
Published March 19th 1998 by Routledge


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You can now invite anyone to meet at your favorite Starbucks.
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33 year old man | San Francisco, CA, USA | Seeking women 25-36 within 30 miles
No one has ever loved anyone the way everyone wants to be loved. -Mignon McLaughlin
Let's be honest here! I have been looking thru profile after profile trying to get a glimpse at someone I might be interested in, and in turn hoping she will be interested in me. But I see the same thing over and over. I love camping! I love hiking! I love going out to new restaurants! I want someone honest. I want someone genuine, caring, together etc etc. Ya well, we all want these things, and we all believe ourselves to have these qualities. Some of us maybe more than others but we have no idea thru a few words written on a profile, or even thru a quick insecurely written email if the person we are trying to connect to isn't just another future regret. I don't know if I am writing this in an attempt to set myself out from the crowd, or maybe I just need to rant a little. I'm not really sure. What I am sure of is that I am a great guy, an interesting guy that isn't going to creep you out or make things awkward. I can't tell you if we will be compatible, or if you are going to want to spend long days on the beach watching the sun go down while starring into my eyes. But I will be myself, I will show up on time and I will be honest, because let's face it without honesty we are never going to really connect with anyone. So if you've gotten this far and you still want to shoot me an email please do so because I would love to hear from you and after that who knows.
Camping , Coffee and conversation , Cooking , Dining out , Movies/Videos , Museums and art , Music and concerts , Exploring new areas , Performing arts , Playing sports , Travel/Sightseeing , Wine tasting
Billiards / Pool, Bowling, Dancing, Golf, Other types of exercise, Skiing, Swimming, Walking / Hiking
I exercise 3-4 times per week.
I like Dogs
Very Liberal
Ferry Building, AT&T park, Tahoe, Pacifica, Swig, Brainwash, Cobb's Comedy Club, just about any restaurant in the city,
Meeting new people trying new food. cooking, I love cooking! I enjoy going out to the theater but can have a good time relaxing at home with a book or movie and some take-out.
I generally spend my time climbing, snowboarding and surfing. I use to be a windsurfing instructor and look forward to getting back into that. As for daily things, I enjoy a glass of wine, dinner, a movie, plus great conversation can go a long way.
I recently read the Mistborn trilogy by Brandon Sanderson and The Wheel Of Time series by Robert Jordan. But I am currently reading Guns Germs And Steel by Jared Diamond and Manufacturing Consent.
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
|What he is looking for
|6'2" (187cms)
|5'0" (152cms) to 6'1" (185cms)
|Body type:
|Athletic and toned
|Athletic and toned
|No preference
|Dark blonde
|No preference
|I'll tell you later
|No preference
|Social Drinker
|No preference
|I'll tell you later
|No preference
|$50,001 to $75,000
|$35,001 to $50,000, $50,001 to $75,000, $75,001 to $100,000, $100,001 to $150,000, $150,001+
|Never Married
|No preference
|Have kids:
|Wants kids:
|Not sure
|Definitely, Someday, Not sure
|White / Caucasian
|No preference
|Spiritual but not religious
|No preference
|I'll tell you later
|No preference


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Guys On Ice
June 11, 2015 - July 19, 2015Fort Atkinson
You've seen them. Little wooden shanties sitting on lake ice. Puffs of smoke rising from chimney pipes. On a quiet day, maybe the static of a tinny radio filters through plywood walls, across the frozen tundra, back to shore. In a cold world, on a cold day, on a frozen lake, these little signs of life are all most people know of a secret culture that thrives right here amongst us. Well wonder no more as we bring you Fred Alley's wildly popular tale of the secret world of ice fishermen. GUYS ON ICE spends a day in the life of Marvin and Lloyd – fishing buddies and home grown philosophers. This Wisconsin favorite gets the full Fireside treatment that will keep you laughing from start to finish. Don't miss this side-splitting musical comedy, guaranteed to thaw out your funny bone with songs like "The Wishing Hole," Ode to the Snowmobile Suit," "Fish is a Miracle Food," and "The One That Got Away."
Event Date Detail
Jun 11, 2015 - Jul 19, 2015
Luncheon Matinees Wed, Thur, Sat & Sun with arrival at 10:30am. Evening Dinner Theatre Thur & Sat with arrival at 5pm. Sun Midday arrival at 2:30pm.
Occurs Weekly Every: Sun,Wed,Thu,Sat
Performing Arts Type
- Theatre
- Disabled Access


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Similar Physical Therapist Employment Opportunities
Physical Therapist / PT and Physical Therapist Assistant / PTA
Details: MOBILITY PLUS REHABILITATION SERVICES, INC. PHYSICAL THERAPIST Qualifications: Bachelor degree or higher in Physical Therapy. Licensed in the State of Michigan. Purpose: Provides and supervises physical therapy services and acts as a consultant to other physical therapists, physicians, other rehabilitation team members (internal and external). Responsibilities: Reviews referring medical information prior to the initial assessment. Evaluates patient status using accepted standards of practice. Consult with other professionals to develop an interdisciplinary treatment plan when indicated outlining patient goals and objectives. Reviews patient progress and updates the treatment plan on a monthly basis, or more frequently if warranted. Implements the treatment plan. Renders direct services. Completes required treatment and billing documentation on a timely basis. Provides training and education to family members/ significant others. Directs and supervises assigned aides. Fosters and maintains effective professional relationships with other therapists and aides, patients, family members. Participates in committee meetings. Assists with administrative duties such as program development, updating policy and procedure manuals, scheduling, monitoring supplies/ equipment, etc. Keeps abreast of current standards of practice. Preforms related duties, as requested. Reporting Relationships: Reports directly to the Administrator. Supervises Physical Therapy Aides. PHYSICAL THERAPY ASSISTANT Qualifications: Graduate of a two year P.T.A. program recognized by the State of Michigan. Maintain an active membership in the American Physical Therapy Association. Purpose: The primary responsibilities of the physical therapy assistant are to perform treatments and related duties, in any setting, assigned by the physical therapist. The P.T.A. works under the supervision of a P.T., and that a P.T. must be readily available to the P.T.A. Responsibilities: Accept responsibility for the patient's personal care, safety and environment during treatment. Follow established procedures and observe safety precautions in the use and application of all physical therapy modalities such as heat, cold, traction, water, sound, massage, and electrical stimulation. Provides patient and family instruction for home programs. Modify treatment procedures as indicated within established plan of care and report changes to P.T. Measure and record standardized tests such as goniometry, dynamometry, manual muscle test, and isokinetic testing. Maintain accurate clinical records and confer with physicians in regard to patient's status, plan of care, and progress. Maintain professional dignity and standards. Participate in inter-departmental training programs. Is available to assist other staff members with treatments as needed. Maintain safe and current practices in treatment and equipment care. The physical therapist assistant MAY NOT perform the following independently: Interpret referrals from physicians. Perform evaluations without the Physical Therapist. Establish or alter the plan of care. Discharge patient. Reporting Relationship: Reports directly to the assigned licensed/ registered therapist. Supervises no other person
Physical Therapist - PT
Details: Physical Therapist - PT - Physical Therapist - PT - Physical Therapist - PT This Physical Therapist - PT will work in a dynamic multi-disciplinary home health setting Physical Therapists' will treat patients with various levels of medical complexity in the comforts of their own home This will provide Physical Therapists with a wide range of expertise and career development. Monday - Friday 8am to 4 pm Mileage Reimbursement Laptop Provided Cell Phone Provided
Physical Therapist/PT
Details: Ardor Health is currently looking for a Physical Therapist for a Outpatient Facility . Ardor Health Solutions, a leader in Rehab staffing services is looking for a Physical Therapist to join our team and continue to represent a company committed to providing excellence. Ardor Health Solutions offers our therapists the best opportunities to continue personal growth while expanding your professional portfolio. Take the first steps to joining a team that is making a difference by calling 1-855-GO-ARDOR and speak to an Ardor Ambassador to get started.
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Ancora Tech., Inc. v. Apple, Inc., 2013 WL 4532927 (N.D. Cal. Aug. 26, 2013). In this patent law case, the plaintiff moved to review the bill of costs previously awarded to the defendant. The court weighed the costs under 28 U.S.C. § 1920, which lists several enumerated costs that may be awarded under FRCP 54(d). The standard of review was whether the conduct could be construed as making copies or exemplification. The court ruled that costs associated with TIFF and OCR conversion, printing documents, and deposition transcripts are reasonably within the enumerated categories of § 1920 costs. However, the court was very narrow in its interpretation: costs associated with the storage of electronic documents and visual aids were not permissible. The court further discussed that costs requested to be covered must be fully defined; therefore, costs labeled with ambiguous terms were not recoverable. The court lowered the costs of the case accordingly.
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Planning for the 4th annual Effingham Oktoberfest is under way, said incoming Chamber of Commerce President Dinah King, and it is going to be the biggest Oktoberfest yet.
Effingham Cadet Squadron of the Civil Air Patrol (CAP) recently received donations from the Effingham County Board of Commissioners and SM Promotions of Rincon.
The Effingham County Chamber of Commerce paid tribute at its annual meeting Thursday to two leaders the community lost in 2012.
The Effingham branches of Live Oak Public Libraries kicked off the annual summer reading program June 1 with a special celebration at the Rincon Library. Activities included arts and crafts, stories, face painting, bubble play and more.
Family Promise of Effingham volunteers are sporting new t-shirts to get the word out that "falling asleep in church is such a blessing."
Local BB&T bank employees delivered help by the bagful to the United Way of Effingham County.
The Civil War Experience in Rincon attracted several hundred people last month, which organizers considered a good turnout for a first-time event.
After a yearlong closure and almost $750,000 spent on upgrades, the Evans County Public Fishing Area reopened Saturday with an influx of 37 young anglers - and about as many parents and grandparents - at the start of National Fishing and Boating Week.
Dozens of people lined up outside the new Goodwill retail store in Rincon in anticipation of its grand opening Thursday morning.
Barbara Meyers has been chosen as the chief executive officer of Gateway Behavioral Health Services, succeeding Dr. Frank Bonati, who will retire after 10 years with Gateway. Meyers will assume her new role effective July 1.
Bonnie Rachael is accustomed to smiles and tears of joy.
Memorial Day is an occasion to remember the soldiers and service members who didn't make it home, but also the families who mourn their loss, Lt. Col. (ret.) Doug Andrews said.
Ranie Harper of Rincon made a very special delivery for Memorial Day. She sent 260 homemade cards to the 1st Battalion, 214th Field Artillery, which is in the midst of a year-long deployment to Afghanistan.
The Effingham Sunrise Rotary Club presented a $500 check to Frank Patterson, the Boy Scout district commissioner for Effingham County.
Air Force Airman 1st Class Alexander J. Sheridan graduated from basic military training at Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland in San Antonio, Texas.
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After five months of training, Leadership Southeast Georgia announces the 2015 graduating class. Leadership Southeast Georgia is a regional program to equip and empower community leaders to effectively work promoting positive growth while improving the quality of life in the Southeast Georgia Coastal Region.
The Lowcountry Down Syndrome Society announces the annual Camp Buddy summer camps in Effingham County and Chatham County will be held during the months of June and July. These educational and therapeutic camps are designed to help children with Down syndrome, ages 3-13, retain information they learned during the previous school year.
Jean Vaught knows something about homelessness. It is one of the reasons she is committed to its effects and causes.
The Effingham Chamber of Commerce announces its plans for the 2015 Chamber annual meeting, to be held Thursday at 7 p.m. at Effingham County High School.
U.S. Border Patrol agent Bryan E. Tice graduated from Border Patrol basic academy in Artesia, N.M.
Second Lt. Ryan P. Tice has graduated from the Air Force undergraduate combat systems officer training at Naval Air Station Pensacola (Fla.).
Army Pvt. Jasmine M. Sherffield has graduated from basic combat training at Fort Jackson, Columbia, S.C.
Rev. Lloyd Dees of Effingham County has been named the chairman of the Coastal Regional Commission's Area Agency on Aging. Rev. Dees' post is a two-year term. At the April 28 first quarterly meeting of the AAA, director Dionne Lovett discussed the outcome of three General Assembly bills that affect Georgia seniors. Two passed and another will take additional advocacy efforts for the next session.
Before an audience that filled nearly every available seat in the Effingham County Recreation and Parks Department Gymnasium, Effingham Community Orchestra presented its "The Americans" concert May 3. The concert featured several patriotic pieces and included many other selections, all by American composers.
He goes by Father Martino, in homage to St. Martin de Porres, who dedicated his life to working with the poor and seeking harmony. The Rev. Nguyen Thong Ba, in reality, is a Vietnamese immigrant who offered his never-ending gratitude for the American servicemembers who fought and died in his homeland decades ago.
Air Force Airman Joseph W. Farmer graduated from basic military training at Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland, San Antonio, Texas.
Life Scout Garrett Fish and fellow Scouts from Troop 691 along with adult volunteers supported Garrett with his Eagle Scout project at the Effingham County Animal Shelter.
When the Effingham Health System moved its emergency room as part of its $30 million modernization plan, officials had in mind what to do with the old ER.
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The Southwest Oklahoma City Public Library's Penn Ave. Literary Society hosts its next discussion at 6:30 p.m. on Thursday, July 9, at the library. This month's discussion will be on the novel "The Art Forger" written by B.A. Shapiro, which tells the story of a young artist who discovers information about the largest unsolved art heist in history.
Copies of each month's book are available at the library's Information Desk, and registration is not required to attend any of the talks, which generally take place on the second Thursday of the month.
The group is for ages 18 and up.
The super is real and the real is super at the Southwest Oklahoma City Public Library's Real-Life Superhero Camp, at 5:30 p.m. on Thursday, July 9. Registration is not required in advance to attend, so come on out and bring your friends with you!
This will be a come-and-go event for all ages, which features crafts and activities related to some of the world's real-life heroes, from firefighters to police officers and more. We can't wait to have a super good time with all of you!
Do you enjoy building things and having hands on experiences? Do you enjoy the creative process? The Southwest Oklahoma City Public Library is taking local youngsters on a continuing "Lego Quest," with the next adventure set for 4:30 p.m. Tuesday, July 7.
Participants will use a variety of Legos to make a unique creation and complete three special quests they'll learn about when they arrive at the program. The program is recommended for ages 5 to 12 and registration is required in advance to attend. All supplies will be provided by the library.
The program materials are provided thanks to the support of the Oklahoma Department of Libraries and Institute of Museum and Library Services.


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The Air Force is developing an on-orbit reprogrammable digital waveform generator for GPS satellites.
"There is a need to develop a digital waveform generator that can be reprogrammed only from the GPS Ground Control Segment with new waveform generation routines while the satellite is in orbit," according to the Phase I small business innovation research solicitation.
GPS waveforms use selective availability to induce errors for civilian receivers attempting to use the data, as well as anti-spoofing to prevent false GPS signals. These waveforms contain two methods for denial of accuracy to civilian receivers: Selective Availability and Anti-Spoofing. S/A is the injection of intentional errors into the waveform to decrease precision, while A/S uses an encryption method to decrease the likelihood of false signals.
Waveform generation is becoming more complex as the GPS system matures, according to the solicitation. Currently, there is no practical way to modify the waveform generation routine on-board the satellite.
The ORDWG will be capable of modifying all current L1 pseudo-random noise codes, produce up to 10 different code signals, change the navigation message data rates, combine PRN codes and navigation messages with no losses or interference, and meet or exceed current applicable GPS specification requirements.
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2 CFR 176.110 - Evaluating proposals of foreign iron, steel, and/or manufactured goods.
(a) If the award official receives a request for an exception based on the cost of certain domestic iron, steel, and/or manufactured goods being unreasonable, in accordance with § 176.80, then the award official shall apply evaluation factors to the proposal to use such foreign iron, steel, and/or manufactured goods as follows:
(1) Use an evaluation factor of 25 percent, applied to the total estimated cost of the project, if the foreign iron, steel, and/or manufactured goods are to be used in the project based on an exception for unreasonable cost requested by the applicant.
(2) Total evaluated cost = project cost estimate (.25 × project cost estimate, if paragraph (a)(1) of this section applies).
(b) Applicants or recipients also may submit alternate proposals based on use of equivalent domestic iron, steel, and/or manufactured goods to avoid possible denial of Recovery Act funding for the proposal if the Federal Government determines that an exception permitting use of the foreign item(s) does not apply.
Title 2 published on 2014-01-01.
No entries appear in the Federal Register after this date, for 2 CFR Part 176.


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8 The Transition to Parenthood ."
Growing Up Global: The Changing Transitions to Adulthood in Developing Countries . Washington, DC: The National Academies Press,
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The haunting song of the world's biggest animal, the blue whale, is getting deeper, researchers have discovered.
Underwater recordings of the giant endangered mammals have revealed that the tone of their rhythmic pulses and moans has become steadily lower as their population have slowly recovered after nearly being wiped out by whaling.
Marine biologists believe the changes offer a new insight into blue whale culture as entire populations alter the tone of their songs as they grow in numbers.
Professor John Hildebrand, a blue whale expert at Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California in San Diego, has used recordings of blue whales since the 1960s to track the changes in their songs.
He found that in 1962 blue whale calls were at a frequency of around 22Hz, well below the range of human hearing, but last year had decreased even further in frequency to around 15Hz.
He said: "This is giving us an insight into the culture of blue whales as they are clearly listening to each other's songs and changing them.
It takes a conscious decision to make the calls deeper, so it is a reflection of what is going on in the population.
"These animals have a finite lung capacity, so their songs are a trade off between frequency and volume.
"They can either make the song really loud or really deep.
"As their numbers have slowly increased after the devastation caused by whaling, they are having to communicate over smaller distances so their songs don't need to be as loud and they can make them deeper."
The findings are the latest to offer a glimpse into the mysterious world of these majestic creatures.
Blue whales, which can grow up to 110 feet in length, are notoriously shy and difficult to study.
Before large-scale hunting, the global blue whale population was thought to have been around 200,000 animals, but numbers fell to just a few hundred by the 1960s when a hunting ban was introduced.
The population has since recovered to around 4,500 animals.
Professor Hildebrand has also discovered that blue whales in different parts of the world use different "dialects" in their songs.
Only the males sing and it is thought they are attempting to attract mates or to communicate to other males during the mating season.
But other researchers believe whale song is a more complicated form of communication than simply trying to attract a female.
Professor David Rothernberg, a musician and philosopher at the New Jersey Institute of Technology, has spent the past three years attempting to communicate with whales through his own musical instruments.
Using hydrophones linked to microphones he has played his clarinet and saxophone to a range of whale species, including the most vocal of all sea mammals the humpback whale.
He claims the whales responded to his music and interacted with him in an underwater "jam" session.
In a new book, Thousand Mile Song, he details his journey to play music with the whales and includes some recordings of the interactions.
He said: "For me, I felt like they could recognise the music I was making and were responding to that.
"There was a very special interaction with a humpback and he seemed to change his song so that by the end it was hard to tell which was the clarinet and which was the whale.
"These are incredibly social animals and they seem to change their songs regularly. When one of them innovates, this gets picked up by the rest of the population and they all start singing in the same way."


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Housing Information
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Housing at the MRS is simple, rustic, neighborly and fun. Seasonal camp housing is composed of 37 individual cabins of varying sizes and amenities, some with cooking facilities. To request housing at the MRS please submit a housing request form. The charges for housing and food service are listed in schedule of user fees.
Como Creek runs through the middle of the housing area at the MRS
Mountain Pine Beetle Attacks
Over the past decade the Mountain Pine Beetle (Dendrocthonus ponderosae) has killed millions of pine trees from New Mexico to the Yukon Territory, as a result of an unprecedented explosion in their numbers. The causes behind the beetle outbreak has been the topic of...


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BOSTON (AP) — Three friends of Boston Marathon bombing suspect Dzhokhar Tsarnaev pleaded not guilty Friday to charges they hindered the investigation into the deadly attack.
Authorities allege that the friends went to Tsarnaev's dorm room at the University of Massachusetts-Dartmouth three days after the bombings, soon after the FBI posted photographs of the two bombing suspects, Tsarnaev and his older brother. The friends are accused in an indictment of removing several items from the room, including Tsarnaev's laptop computer and a backpack containing fireworks.
One friend, Robel Phillipos, 19, of Cambridge, was indicted last month on two counts of lying to authorities while he was being questioned. His lawyers declined to comment after the brief arraignment in U.S. District Court but said in a statement that Phillipos "had nothing to do whatsoever with the Boston Marathon bombing or destroying any evidence."
"In the end, it will be clear that this prosecution should never have been brought in the first place," attorneys Derege Demissie and Susan Church said in the statement.
Authorities allege that Tsarnaev, 20, and his brother Tamerlan, 26, ethnic Chechens from Russia, planned and carried out twin bombings near the finish of the marathon on April 15. Three people were killed and more than 260 were injured. Tamerlan Tsarnaev died in a gunbattle with police as authorities closed in on the brothers several days after the bombings.
Dias Kadyrbayev and Azamat Tazhayakov, both Kazakhstan nationals, are both charged with obstruction of justice and conspiracy to obstruct justice.
Continue reading this story on the...


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Bradley Classic Kicks Off Two-Meet Weekend for Mizzou XC
Performances will continue tomorrow with the Pre-National Invitational
Mizzou XC to Take on Pre-National Invite on Saturday
The teams will face 14 of the top-ranked teams in the nation in Terre Haute, Ind.
Tigers XC in Minnesota for 29th Annual Roy Griak Invitational
The teams will see their first nationally-ranked competition on Saturday
Men Sweep at Forest Park XC Festival
Both teams took home wins from the Forest Park XC Festival on Friday
Tigers XC Stay Close to Home for Second Meet
The teams will be in St. Louis on Friday for the Forest Park XC Festival
High School: 2010 and 2011 3200m Sectional Champion ... named Female Athlete of the Year... placed fourth at 2010 Cross Country state meet ... placed nineteenth at 2009 Cross Country All-State meet ... Cross Country All-State 2009, 2010 ... Cross Country All-Conference 2008, 2009, 2010 ... Cross Country Team State Champions in 2009 ... Cross Country Team State Runners-up in 2010 ... Track and Field Team State Runners-up in 2009 ... Nike Midwest Regional Team Champions ... team placed eighth at nationals... high school coach - Joe Parks and Steve Currins ... club - Palatine XC Club ... high school PRs - 1600m, 5:06; 3200m, 10:49; 3 miles, 16:44; 5k, 18:05 ... All-Academic senior ... eight time member of Honor Roll.
Personal: Daughter of Gregory & Sharon Brown ... wants to study Communication Disorders at MU ... born September 24, 1992, in Des Plaines, Ill.
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text: Spray a medium-sized oven-proof dish with cooking spray. Place slices from 20 oz. can of pineapple on bottom of dish. (You may make more than one layer or use the sides, if needed.) Sprinkle evenly with 1 cup shredded Cheddar cheese. Combine the 1/3 cup reserved pineapple juice, 2/3 cup sugar, and 1/2 cup flour in a small bowl. Stir until completely blended. Combine about 1 cup butter cracker crumbs with 1/2 stick melted butter or margarine. Sprinkle the buttered crumbs over the top of the pineapple and sauce mixture. Bake at 350 degrees for about 20 minutes, or until bubbly and browned on top. This is a dish that looks elegant with any menu and goes particularly well with ham or pork chops. I love to serve it to guests and wait for compliments! They are always impressed!!!


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EMBA Faculty
Powerful Teaching from the Best in the Business
Bloch Executive MBA students learn from world-renowned faculty with impressive records of business, research, and teaching excellence.
Bloch School faculty bring richly diverse and impressive backgrounds and come from top schools across the country. They are also award-winning scholars, authors, and educators with international reputations. Bloch faculty love what they do, and it shows. They are highly-accessible and engaged, offering Bloch Executive MBA students a stimulating and collaborative learning environment.
A sample of EMBA program faculty include:
Dr. Gary Baker
Senior Fellow, Bloch School Midwest Center for Nonprofit Leadership
Ph.D., University of Missouri-Kansas City
Gary Baker, Ph.D., is an adjunct professor in the Bloch Executive MBA program. Previously, he was the director of community building initiatives, senior fellow and adjunct professor of the Midwest Center for Nonprofit Leadership. He also serves as a senior research and teaching assistant for an urban core business research project in partnership with Professor Michael E. Porter, Harvard Business School. He has been involved in numerous professional and civic leadership roles during his career including 18 years as the president and CEO of Crittenton, a children's psychiatric hospital and family mental health program. Previously, he was director of youth development and manager of planning and support services for the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation. He also facilitated numerous planning projects for various nonprofits in the greater Kansas City area. He received his B.A. in psychology with a double major in business from Baker University and holds an M.P.A and a Nonprofit Fund Raising Professional Certificate from the Bloch School. Baker is also a graduate of the Senior Executive Program at the state and local level from the John F. Kennedy School of Government located at Harvard University. He holds an Interdisciplinary Ph.D. with emphasis in nonprofit entrepreneurship and urban education from the University of Missouri-Kansas City.
Dr. Lee Bolman
Professor of Leadership
Ph.D, Yale University
Lee Bolman, Ph.D., is professor in the Bloch Executive MBA Program who holds the Marion Bloch Missouri Chair in Leadership at the Henry W. Bloch School of Management at the University of Missouri-Kansas City. Bolman's teaching and writing over the last three decades has explored the intersection of organizations and leadership. Dr. Bolman favors the space and freedom to develop an argument that writing books offers as opposed to writing articles, and his primary interest is in writing for managers and students of management, trying to distill the products of management scholarship into clear, succinct and practical lessons for leadership. Bolman has written numerous books on leadership and organizations, including How Great Leaders Think: The Art of Reframing (expected August, 2014) and Reframing Organizations: Artistry, Choice and Leadership (5th ed., 2013), both with Terry Deal, and Reframing Academic Leadership (2011), with Joan Gallos. His B.A. in history and Ph.D. in organizational behavior are from Yale University.
Chuck Connely
Associate Professor of Finance and Real Estate
M.B.A., University of Missouri-Kansas City
Charles ("Chuck") C. Connely, IV, CCIM, CPM, is an associate teaching professor of finance for the Bloch Executive MBA program. He is also managing director of EPR Financial Services, a subsidiary of EPR Properties (formerly Entertainment Properties Trust). With more than twenty years of investment banking experience, Connely previously served as managing director of KPMG LLP's Corporate Finance Group and vice president of corporate finance with George K. Baum & Company. He also served as the General Manager - Vice President of Butler Real Estate, a division of Butler Manufacturing Company (Blue Scope Steel Company). Connely currently serves on the Board of Directors of Epiq Systems, Inc., a public integrated technology solutions company for the legal profession, and on the Board of Directors for the Rehabilitation Institute of KC Foundation, which provides medical rehabilitation, employment placement and disability services. Connely has an M.B.A. and B.B.A. (with distinction) from the University of Missouri-Kansas City. He is also a graduate of the Stonier Graduate School of Banking at Georgetown University.
Dr. David Donnelly
Dean | Professor of Accountancy
Ph.D., University of Illinois
David Donnelly, Ph.D., is the Bloch School Dean, a Bloch Executive MBA professor, and professor of accounting at the Henry W. Bloch School of Management at the University of Missouri-Kansas City. Donnelly is a past member of the board of directors of the Accounting Programs Leadership Group (APLG) and a current member of the board of directors of the Federation of Schools of Accountancy (FSA). He also serves on several other committees of the American Accounting Association, the APLG and the FSA. Dean Donnelly's research interests include behavioral judgment and decision-making as it relates to organizational performance, job satisfaction and stress. Most recently his research has examined how behavioral factors lead to dysfunctional audit behaviors and turnover. He is a graduate of the University of Illinois (Ph.D.) and Kansas State University (B.S. and M.B.A).
Doranne Hudson
Executive in Residence and Visiting Instructor
M.B.A., Harvard University
Doranne Hudson is an assistant professor the Bloch Executive MBA Program, as well as Executive-in- Residence and Associate Teaching Professor at The Bloch School at UMKC. Her teaching, which has won several awards, focuses on Leadership. Hudson's corporate experience includes nearly 25 years of marketing and general management at Gillette and Hallmark Cards, where she was a senior vice-president and corporate officer. Her current research and teaching interests include organizational influence and political agility, leading change, networks and social capital, and leader values. She is a consultant and speaker on these and other leadership topics. Hudson received a B.A. in psychology from Duke University, and an M.B.A. from Harvard University, cum laude.
Dr. Sandra Kruse-Smith
Executive Coach
Ph.D., Capella University
Sandra Kruse-Smith, Ph.D.,is the Executive Coach for the Bloch School Executive MBA program. In that capacity she helps current and emerging leaders improve their professional presence, define their brand, sharpen their communication skills, and apply leadership theory to real-time workplace challenges. Dr. Kruse-Smith began her career as one of the first female managers at the Honeywell Kansas City plant, then left to start her own consulting company that has provided communications assessment, consulting and coaching services for more than 25 years. Dr. Kruse-Smith holds a B.A. in English and Education from UMKC, an M.A. in Communications from Temple University in Philadelphia, and a Ph.D. in Organization and Management from Capella University.
Jeanie Latz, J.D.
Adjunct Professor of Strategic Management
J.D., University of Missouri-Kansas City
Jeanie Latz is an adjunct professor for the Bloch Executive MBA program. She is a senior executive with substantial experience in publicly-held and not-for-profit organizations serving as Executive Vice President and Chief Legal Officer of Great Plains Energy, an energy holding company (NYSE;GXP) responsible for internal affairs including corporate governance, SEC compliance, human resources, internal auditing and procurement. She also served as Corporate Secretary to the Board of Directors and committees of the Board. Latz is a managing partner of Midcap Advisors consulting with middle-market companies. Latz is actively engaged in the community serving on the boards of several foundations and organizations. Latz holds her undergraduate and J.D. degrees from the University of Missouri.
Clancy Martin
Associate Professor of Business Ethics Associate Professor of Philosophy, College of Arts and Sciences
Ph.D., University of Texas-Austin
Clancy Martin has published multiple books focusing on business ethics and the history of morality, including the business ethics textbooks Honest Work (Oxford University Press) and Above the Bottom Line (Wadsworth Publishing); Love, Lies, and Marriage (Farrar Straus & Giroux, forthcoming); The Philosophy of Deception (Oxford University Press, forthcoming); and the novel How to Sell (Farrar Straus and Giroux). Martin studies 19th and 20th Century European philosophy after Kant, the intersections of philosophy and literature, and the ethics of advertising and selling. He has founded or co-founded several entrepreneurial ventures, including the Quikset Company. Martin regularly consults and provides programs in business ethics for corporations and organizations around the world. He is one of "The Ethics Professors" on NPR's Walt Bodine Show.
Clancy Martin is the resident philosopher in the Bloch Executive MBA program, and he embeds his ethical curriculum in courses throughout the Bloch Executive MBA.
Phil Needles
Adjunct Professor
M.B.A,, University of Pennsylvania
Phil Needles is an adjunct professor for the Bloch Executive MBA Program and is currently serving as Dean of Business and Entrepreneurial Initiatives Division at the Montgomery County Community College. Needles previously served as Dean of the Institute for Business and Information Technology at Bellevue College in Bellevue, Washington He also served as Assistant Dean for Strategy and Planning at UMKC's Bloch School of Management and also as Programs Manager for UMKC's Institute for Entrepreneurship and Innovation. Phil Needles received his MBA with majors in Strategic Management, Entrepreneurial Management, and Operations Management from The Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania, and his BBA summa cum laude from the University of Miami with degrees in Entrepreneurship and Finance.
Dr. William Self
Assistant Professor of Leadership and Organizational Behavior
Ph.D., University of California, Berkeley
William Self, Ph.D., is an assistant professor of leadership and organizational behavior at the University of Missouri-Kansas City's Henry W. Bloch School of Management. Self has taught organizational behavior, leadership, ethics, cross-cultural management, negotiations, and power and influence. His research and consulting interests include organizational culture, leadership, social networks, and the management of diverse and global teams. Self's research has been published in top academic journals, including Leadership Quarterly and the Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. He is a member of the Academy of Management, the Society for Personality and Social Psychology and the International Society for Justice Research. Self has an A.B. from Harvard University and a Ph.D. from the Walter A. Haas School of Business at the University of California, Berkeley.


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The International Business Times reports that three detectives investigating the killing of Oscar Pistorius's girlfriend Reeva Steenkamp have flown to Apple's HQ in Cupertino to seek assistance in accessing the athlete's iPhone.
Prosecutors want to access its SMS and WhatsApp messages as evidence for the trial.
South African police have been struggling to gain access to the phone for months, one of several handsets found in the double-amputee athlete's Pretoria villa on the night he shot girlfriend Reeva Steenkamp.
Pistorius has claimed that he cannot remember the passcode …
Evidence from a second mobile phone found in the villa reportedly revealed that Pistorius had been accessing pornography on the night of the killing.
[The phone] suggests that he looked at the material while Steenkamp was present in the building, on Valentine's Day 2013.
The document goes on to state that this evidence paints a picture in "direct contrast to that of a loving couple spending their time together."
South African police had reportedly asked the FBI to authorise Apple to unlock the phone, but that this has not yet happened, and the matter is now urgent as the murder trial begins on Monday.
Pistorius has admitted shooting Steenkamp through a bathroom door, but says that he did so believing her to be an intruder. Prosecutors will argue that he deliberately shot her following an argument.
The fact that even police were unable to bypass the passcode lock is testament to the security of iPhones, though law enforcement officials would of course have an easier time with an iPhone 5s, simply needing to obtain a court order to use a fingerprint to unlock the phone.
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19 Responses to "South African police take Oscar Pistorius's iPhone to Apple after failing to crack passcode"
"easier time with an iPhone 5s, simply needing to obtain a court order to use a fingerprint to unlock the phone."
Not true…passcode is still needed after 48 hr without using touch id or a reboot!
And it may take greater than 48 hrs to obtain a court order.
"Reeva Steenkamp, shot dead by Oscar Pistorius" Can you say that despite the fact he wasn't deemed guilty yet??
They shouldn't be asking the FBI, they should ask NSA they have all the info already
He can't remember his passcode, riiiiiiight…. Hope this scumbag gets some serious jailtime.
the NSA can probably bypass it in a matter of seconds
Assuming the phone was confiscated on the 15th February 2013 the iOS that was on the phone was 6.1.1 or previous OS . There was a security flaw on these operating systems to bypass the passcode. http://youtu.be/oBnoymPE0dc
It is so simple to get into an iDevice if there is a jailbreak available for it. Simply just jailbreak it and use a third party program to install a deb of 'Plan-B' tweak. Once it is installed, reboot the iDevice and view the details of the package online on what is the default password. I have personally used Plan B and it has worked great. Its the only way to get into the phone unless you can install afc2add and then view and modify the corresponding file where the passcodes are stored.
For this to work, there has to be a jailbreak available and I highly doubt you can actually install a deb without afc2add as I don't think without this specific tweak/system tweak it will allow third party programs to view files and content of an iDevice.
If you really want help and Apple is no help, use Saurik. Ask Saurik or creators of jailbreaks to create a private version of the jailbreak for whatever firmware the iDevice is on (you can use f0recast for that from ih8sn0w.com) and then jailbreak with that private jailbreak. Only request the jailbreakers to add the package afc2add by default. And possibly get them to use redsn0w method to jailbreak the device with DFU mode because otherwise you will need the passcode in order to get into the jailbreak and launch a specific app that it injects whilst trying to jailbreak. Once you have afc2add just go into the filesystem and manually remove the passcode file or just install plan-b and get into the phone.
Its really not that hard…
Our company performs Device Seizure Analytics – we copy the memory of cell phones for civil and criminal matters, and I can tell you that you do NOT need the password in order to MIRROR the entire contents of an iPhone.
One simply makes what is known as a "Physical Copy" of the iOS device, or any cell phone with the exception of one brand, and the investigators work from that, reviewing and culling information that is now delivered to the client or agency that hires us, on a outboard hard drive.
Even the low end products that are sold in the form of "USB sticks" typically don't need the password to get in and access the goods. In this case SMS, email, photographs, browser contents and history, etc. are easily accessed on a locked phone any day of the week.
And they sent 3 Detectives to do this? The 5s is isn't THAT heavy last time I checked. Maybe the police wanted to come to the US for other reasons, but certainly one does not need to knock on Apple's door in Cupertino, California just to make a copy of the defendant's iPhone.