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Fans are invited to join Colorado State's record-breaking volleyball team on Thursday, Jan. 30, as the team holds its annual banquet to celebrate the season and its seniors.
Jan. 10, 2014
Register Online | 2012 Banquet Photo Gallery
FORT COLLINS, Colo. - Fans are invited to join Colorado State's record-breaking volleyball team on Thursday, Jan. 30. The team will hold its annual end-of-season banquet, which will celebrate the season's successes and honor its three departing seniors.
The celebration will take place at the Lory Student Center Theatre (500 University Ave.), on the campus of CSU. The night will begin with a social at 6 p.m., followed by dinner and a program. Included in the program is the presentation of team awards, speeches from each senior, a live and silent auction, and more.
The Rams set a program and Mountain West record by winning their first 27 matches of the season en route to a 28-2 overall record. The team went 19-1 in conference play, winning their fifth consecutive title and advancing to their 19th straight NCAA tournament. CSU's three seniors - Cayla Broadwater, Michelle Smith and MW Player of the Year Samantha Peters - plus the entire volleyball team and coaching staff will be in attendance at the banquet.
Those interested in attending the event can purchase tickets online. The cost is $30 for members of the Ram Club or Head Coach Tom Hilbert's NETwork group, and $35 for non-members. For questions, call (970) 491-2063.
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Buy Tickets NYFF52 Revivals
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As Martin Scorsese has put it, there will be no future for cinema if we don't preserve its past. These wondrous films are in serious need of attention, and each one is here to discover… or re-discover. Read more »

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Forestry Company Held in Contempt for Third Time in SPLC Suit
A federal judge has warned an Arkansas forestry company that he will rule against it if company representatives continue to intimidate workers interested in joining an SPLC class action lawsuit accusing the company of cheating foreign guestworkers out of pay.
U.S. District Judge William J. Haynes Jr. issued the warning to Superior Forestry Service Inc. as he held the company in contempt of court for a third time. Future misconduct, he said in the July 28 decision, will be met with the "ultimate sanction" of default judgment. Haynes also sanctioned the company by barring it from presenting evidence to dispute the workers' claims for damages.
Superior was held in contempt after a company labor recruiter showed up at a meeting in Mexico between plaintiff lawyers and workers interested in the lawsuit — violating a court order and ultimately intimidating workers who might join the lawsuit to recover unpaid wages.
"Superior has repeatedly shown they would rather push these workers into the shadows than defend their business practices in the light of a courtroom," said SPLC legal director Mary Bauer. "Fortunately, the court has shown it will not tolerate the company's attempts to bully workers who have joined or want to join the suit."
Superior has been held in contempt previously for failing to properly notify field supervisors of previous court orders, in effect allowing them to threaten guestworkers who might join the lawsuit. The company was also held in contempt for failing to immediately instruct employees about the provisions of a court order.
The SPLC lawsuit includes more than 2,000 past and current guestworkers who were recruited from Mexico and Central America to plant pine seedlings for Superior. They entered the country legally under H-2B guestworker visas.
The SPLC has filed a number of lawsuits to stop the abuse of guestworkers. Its 2007 report Close to Slavery documents rampant wage violations, recruitment abuses, seizure of identity documents and squalid living conditions. Guestworkers, whose visas do not allow them to change jobs, typically have little recourse if they are exploited.
Also serving as legal counsel in the case are the Immigrant Advocacy Program of the Legal Aid Justice Center and Farmworker Justice.
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India's Project 17-A Stealth FrigatesFeb 23, 2015 00:33 UTC
In July 2006, "India Orders 3 More Krivak III/Talwar Class Frigates" noted that the Talwar/Krivak Class were better described as modern multi-role designs, given the presence of contemporary classes with far better stealth features. The follow-on Project 17/ Shivalik class program offered improvements in that area, with 3 ships ordered and the possibility of more too follow.
In December 2006, India Defence reported that India was looking to acquire up to 7 more frigates with stealth improvements, plus some level of joint development and technology transfer. The Request for Information (RFI) was reportedly issued to about 12 international firms, mostly in Europe and Russia. These "Project 17A" ships could be worth up to 45,000 crore (INR 450 billion, about $9.23 billion as of June 2009), according to a recently-approved budget. Further reports appear to be confirming 100% construction in India, however, even as they clarify an extended timeline for design and delivery…
- Project 17-A [updated]
- Contracts and Key Events [updated]
- Additional Readings


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43 year old man | Del Valle, TX, USA | Seeking women 30-40 within 50 miles
iam a nice person caring loving understanding outgoingfunny be with that special someone.treat her with love and respect.
IHello my name is jesse I'm 40 years old with 3 loving children. Most people describe me as very outgoing big personality and always have a smile on my face no matter what the situation is. I love to cook and I love the outdoors, I'm looking for someone I can spend the rest of my life with someone with a big heart someone who is positive and motivated in life someone with a great personality.I like to go out to a movie go out to eat spend time with family and hang out at home have friends over for a BBQ try new things.I am verey much like all kinds of art work like to help with the dishes like helping around the house .I make friends with who ever I meet I talk to anyone that is friendly with me I am a nice goinig kind of guy easy to get along with funny and like to joke around in a good way.I'm a hard worker been at my job for 13 years .I also like all kind of music movies and be romantic and cuttle up .If your that kind of preson nice and sweet ..Email me .I can tell you more about me thank you ..Jesse
Other types of exercise, Running, Swimming, Walking / Hiking, Weights / Machines
I exercise 1-2 times per week.
I have Dogs, Fish
Middle of the Road
Go out to eat and to a movie shoping maybe spend time with family and friends make BBQ at home with friends cook cuddle with that one sweetheart
I would love to be with her and huge and kiss her walk atnight and hold her hand and tell her how much I care about her
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
|What he is looking for
|5'7" (170cms)
|5'6" (167cms) to 5'7" (170cms)
|Body type:
|Slender, About average, Athletic and toned
|Black, Brown, Green, Hazel
|Black, Light brown, Dark brown
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|Social Drinker
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|Artistic / Creative / Performance, Executive / Management, Financial / Accounting / Real Estate, Medical / Dental / Veterinary / Fitness, Sales / Marketing, Self-Employed / Entrepreneur
|$25,001 to $35,000
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|Yes, and they sometimes live at home
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|Asian, Latino / Hispanic, Native American, Pacific Islander, White / Caucasian
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|High school, Some college


text:
is it a silly idea?
sets like 'The Boudoir' and 'Venetian Room' come with really nice textures.
and some of the RH sets, like the Stateroom.
and the mfd textures.
the chalet and jardin textures.
the easter egg textures are for the dinosaur egg, those textures would make nice throw pillows.


text:
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Recurrent pelvic infections may be caused by:
Some women who have been infected with
chlamydia develop a "hypersensitive response" when
they are exposed to the bacteria again. A second infection can cause more
irritation and damage to the pelvic organs that is worse than the first
The risk of
infertility increases with each episode of
pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).
CitationsPaavonen J, et al. (2008). Pelvic inflammatory disease. In KK Holmes et al., eds., Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 4th ed., pp. 1017–1050. New York: McGraw-Hill.Paavonen J, Schwartz D (2003). Pelvic inflammatory
disease. In SA Morse et al., eds., Atlas of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS, 3rd ed., pp. 141–157. Edinburgh:
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November 23, 2010
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Sarah Marshall, MD - Family Medicine & Kirtly Jones, MD - Obstetrics and Gynecology
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Posted October 18, 2004 and updated on April 15, 2009
Why is Surviving Christmas rated PG-13?
Official MPAA Rating: Surviving Christmas is rated PG-13 for for sexual content, language and a brief drug reference.
Please read our content details for this movie to help determine if it is suitable for members of your family. We also encourage you to check our full review and our movie information page.


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1/2 pound rhubarb, finely chopped (about 2 cups)
- 1 1/4 cup sugar
- 1/2 cup water
- 1/4 cup mint leaves, packed
- Seltzer water
1. In a large room-temperature saucepan, combine the rhubarb and sugar. Allow the rhubarb to macerate for about 45 minutes, stirring once or twice.
2. Place the saucepan over high heat and add the water. Bring to a boil and lower heat to simmer. Cook for 15 minutes or until the rhubarb is soft and falling apart. Remove from heat.
3. Add the mint and allow to cool. Once cool, strain the mixture through a mesh sieve, pushing against the solids with a wooden spoon or ladle Pour into a jar or other storage container and refrigerate. The syrup will keep in the refrigerator for about 1 week.
4. To make a rhubarb soda, pour 3 tablespoons of syrup into a tall glass. Add ice and seltzer. Stir with a long spoon and garnish with some fresh mint leaves. Adjust the amount of syrup to your taste.
Makes 1 cup syrup
Originally published in Organic Gardening Magazine, April/May 2014 as Simply Fresh: Rhubarb.
Photo: Mathew Benson


text:
Southport Heating, Plumbing & Geothermal, your one-stop shop for heating, air conditioning, plumbing and geothermal, whether residential, commercial or new construction. Our centralized location makes us easily accessible to homeowners and developers in the Kenosha, Racine, Waterford and Milwaukee areas. Since 2005, Southport has been the industry leader for premier indoor comfort service, repair, maintenance and installation.
Homeowners and business owners know Southport is the company to call when their heating, air conditioning, or plumbing systems are making them uncomfortable or costing them money on high utility costs.
From beginning to end, we promise to treat you with the highest caliber of honest and courteous service.
Our technicians are:
As a member of ABC of Wisconsin, Southport's workforce participates in an accredited apprenticeship program qualifying us to perform sheet metal, pipefitting, and control work.
We deliver 100% satisfaction, guaranteed, and proudly stand behind our promise to:
Southport is building a new home in Raymond, WI just off the I-94 corridor opening at the end of the year. This new headquarters will help us to better serve all our customers in south eastern Wisconsin and northern Illinois with the best possible service.


text: Maybe, I misunderstood what you are asking. I think I once read somewhere that the F3's shutter/ meter in A mode is capable of much longer exposures than the official spec.s suggest. In any case it's an awesome, capable , and tough as nails camera....congratulations on the purchase. I have one if you have questions or need help comparing with your purchase. Also make sure you have a good battery. When the F3's battery is dying it's obvious....the shutter doesn't immediately respond or is a little eratic. That being said, the battery seems to last forever, plus there is a mechanical back-up release. Here's a helpful site with a 'users manual' and other good info. : http://www.mir.com.my/rb/photography...nual/index.htm


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Project Ideas for All Occasions From Paper to Fabric
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Bunny Plastic Canvas Coasters
By: Kathryn Rubinstein for Kreinik
We are adding the craft to your Craft Projects.
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Click here to view your Craft Projects.
Need some quick decorations for an Easter party, spring birthday party, or even a women's tea party? You can make these coasters in a jiffy - stitch as many as you need!
Find this craft and more Plastic Canvas projects at "16 Free Patterns for Plastic Canvas."
- 10-count plastic canvas
- DMC embroidery floss as listed in color key
- Kreinik Very Fine #4 Braid as listed in color key
- Embroidery needle
- Scissors
- White flexi-foam
- Craft glue
Download the color chart here. (pdf)
- Cut rectangles of plastic canvas, each 38 threads by 49 thread.
- Follow the chart and use full 6-strands of floss for all cross stitches and Hungarian stitches. Use Very Fine #4 Braid doubled in the needle for all cross stitches using metallic threads. Work bunnies first.
- When each bunny is complete, add straight-stitch totes. Fill in background with Hungarian Stitches.
- Finishing: Trim canvas edges smooth. Finish edges with whip or overcast stitches. Trim off excess floss thread. Optional: cut pieces of foam each slightly smaller than coasters. glue foam backing to wrong side of each coaster.
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jmmarshall42 05823 43
Jan 02, 2013
This is so cute, great for Easter. My grandkids love rabbits.
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This is a terriffic web site
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The Penghu County government has come up with incentives aimed at encouraging travel agencies to bring more foreign tourists to the outlying island, a county government spokesman said yesterday. According to Penghu Tourism Bureau Director Hung Tung-lin (洪棟霖), the county government has allocated NT$600,000 (US$18,000) to promote the program, which is designed to increase the island's profile among foreign tourists. Travel agencies will be given monetary incentives ranging from NT$1,000 per tourist to NT$150,000 per tour group, depending on the number of foreign tourists and scale of tour they have organized to Penghu, Hung said. He expressed the hope that the program would help push local tour operators to organize more international charter flights to Penghu on a regular basis.
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Taiwan Quick Take: Penghu to pay for tourists
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Press release from Business Wire
New Emerson Network Power Offering Provides On-Site Managers to Ensure Availability of Data Center Infrastructure

 Mosaic Site Services eliminates complexity of supervising multiple vendors with system-level experts who handle all infrastructure service needs

Thursday, August 16, 2012
New Emerson Network Power Offering Provides On-Site Managers to Ensure Availability of Data Center Infrastructure10:00 EDT Thursday, August 16, 2012 COLUMBUS, Ohio (Business Wire) -- Emerson Network Power, a business of Emerson (NYSE: EMR) and a global leader in optimizing availability, capacity and efficiency of critical infrastructure, today announced the launch of Mosaic Site Services, an integrated solution that addresses growing customer demand for a single on-site facilities manager with the technical expertise to handle all infrastructure service needs within a data center. Mosaic Site Services, currently available to customers in the United States, enables enterprise data center managers to take advantage of expertise and innovation from Emerson Network Power. The on-site Mosaic Site Services managers are specially trained to manage critical support services in order to deliver high availability; optimize space, power and cooling capacity; maximize efficiency; and reduce costs. With Mosaic Site Services, customers are assigned a service manager who personally oversees the preventive, corrective, diagnostic and engineering change services for their contracted equipment, which eliminates the complexity and risk of supervising multiple service vendors. This service model enables data center managers to focus on their core business and delegate power and cooling infrastructure responsibilities to trained specialists. "Emerson Network Power has long been providing the individual offerings that are part of the Mosaic Site Services package, but has now put it all together to simplify data center operation and administration for our customers," said Frank Bibens, president, Emerson Network Power Systems Global Services. "We have a 'customer first' mentality, and Mosaic Site Services is just one way that we are giving customers what they've asked for — an integrated solution on one contract with a dedicated, on-site expert to oversee all data center infrastructure service needs." This integrated approach to data center infrastructure management services provides several key benefits: Applying system-wide knowledge identifies possible availability issues during all phases of the data center life cycle — more extensive than viewing service from the component level. Coordination of preventive maintenance and emergency services by an infrastructure expert reduces the risk of errors that can occur when separate service providers are unaware of other service underway. Utilizing the on-site manager's expertise in monitoring and around-the-clock alarm management helps customers avoid nuisance alarms and provides fast response to equipment problems. The on-site manager serves as the single point-of-contact, accountable for infrastructure availability and coordination of all related service activities, including scheduling execution, documentation, risk management, and ongoing follow-up. By having a manager on site and backed by Emerson Network Power, customers gain access to the industry's best practices regarding availability, efficiency, safety and compliance — practices identified during its commissioning of more than 80 data centers and support of thousands more. Customers also receive service support through Emerson's trained technicians and field engineers certified by the InterNational Electrical Testing Association (NETA). For more information on other Emerson Network Power technologies and services, visit www.EmersonNetworkPower.com. About Emerson Network Power Emerson Network Power, a business of Emerson (NYSE: EMR), delivers software, hardware and services that maximize availability, capacity and efficiency for data centers, healthcare and industrial facilities. A trusted industry leader in smart infrastructure technologies, Emerson Network Power provides innovative data center infrastructure management solutions that bridge the gap between IT and facility management and deliver efficiency and uncompromised availability regardless of capacity demands. Our solutions are supported globally by local Emerson Network Power service technicians. Learn more about Emerson Network Power products and services at www.EmersonNetworkPower.com. About Emerson Emerson (NYSE: EMR), based in St. Louis, Missouri (USA), is a global leader in bringing technology and engineering together to provide innovative solutions for customers in industrial, commercial and consumer markets around the world. The company is comprised of five business segments: Process Management, Industrial Automation, Network Power, Climate Technologies, and Commercial & Residential Solutions. Sales in fiscal 2011 were $24.2 billion. For more information, visit www.Emerson.com. For EmersonMike Slatin, email@example.com


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product details-Tab
Herbal Supplement
for Natural Blood Glucose Health*
GlucoCare® is a clinically researched herbal formula which supports normal pancreatic cell function. Used as part of your diet, it helps maintain healthy blood sugar and lipid levels already within their normal range.*
The Himalaya DifferenceFounded in 1930. Worldwide in 76 countries. 80,000 sq. ft. R&D with over 100 physicians and scientists. 1,214 published clinical trials on Himalaya products. Seed-to-shelf, 700 acres of clean and green farmland. Patents: 3 granted, 25 pending.
100% natural formulation contains NO yeast, wheat, corn, dairy products, preservatives or ingredients of animal origin.
Proprietary Herbal Blend: guggul (oleo-gum-resin), gymnema (leaf), Indian kino tree (wood), licorice (root), [Casearia esculenta Roxb.] (root), jambolan (seed), shatavari (root), boerhavia (root), Indian sphaeranthus (flower), Indian tinospora (stem), tribulus (fruit), phyllanthus amarus (whole plant), Malay bush beech (bark), levant cotton (seed), shilajeet (mineral pitch), bitter melon (fruit), pepper (fruit), holy basil (whole), Indian abutilon (root), turmeric (rhizome), [Rumex maritimus Linn.] (seed), aloe vera (leaf).
*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent and disease.
Safety sealed outer shrinkwrap and printed inner seal. Do not use if either seal is broken. Keep out of direct light and away from children. Consult your healthcare professional if pregnant or nursing.
© The Himalaya Drug Company
Take 2 capsules twice daily with meals. Allow several weeks for full benefits and lasting results.


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Showing 1-5 of 5 items found in Events
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Al Sear Jazz Festival
The Al Sears Jazz Festival is an annual jazz festival that takes place in the Fall in Chandler Park. Free to the public, enjoy great music all three days with music also Saturday evening. More information can be found at the Al Sears Jazz Festival Website.
Gazebo Art Festival
The Gazebo Art Festival is held on the outdoor grounds of Chandler Park in downtown Macomb! This setting is a wonderful place for the public to view art, chat with artist and enjoy live performances and music from the Al Sears Jazz Music Festival. There will also be activities and fun for children!
Schuyler County Fair
Join in the fun in Rushville for the Schuyler County Fair! Events include talent contest, Little Miss & Mr. and Queen pageants, tractor pull, harness races, demo derby, livestock shows, food and much more! And don't miss the live performance by country singer Dustin Lynch.
Brown County Fair
Fun and entertainment for all. Events include Queen pageant, horse races, tractor pull, demo derby, food, carnival rides, livestock, and expo building displays. The Whistle Stop Depot Museum and Ferguson School will be open each evening. Live music featuring Brown County's very own Madd Hoss Jackson.
CITY:Mount Sterling
Adams County Fair
Held annually at the Mendon Fairgrounds outside of Quincy, IL. 2014 dates are from July 29-Aug 4th. For more information, contact the office at 217-936-2230. The County Fair includes a carnival, grandstand events, and horse shows every day. Livestock exhibitors and domestic arts exhibits. Admission: $7 Thurs, Fri, Sun, & Tues. $10 Sat, Mon, & Wed.
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text:
A computer assisted radiation therapy machine is disclosed. The machine includes a rotatable gantry having a radiation source portion which is rotatable about a patient treatment couch. Geometric and dose parameters of the machine for defining a prescribed treatment plan of radiation are stored in the memory of the computer. A readout and display means is provided for displaying the geometric and dose parameters of the defined radiation treatment plan. Editing and updating capability are provided for editing and updating the treatment plan with the cumulative radiation dose administered to each portal and the total cumulative dose administered to the patient. Each parameter of a proposed treatment plan is compared with permissible ranges of machine parameters stored in a memory to verify that the proposed treatment is within the permissible range of the machine.
Claims available in
Description (OCR text may contain errors)
United States Patent 1191 Pavkovich COMPUTER ASSISTED RADIATION THERAPY MACHINE [75] Inventor: John M. Pavkovich, Palo Alto, Calif.
[73] Assignee: Varian Associates, Palo Alto, Calif.
[22] Filed: Nov. 27, 1970 [2]] Appl. No.: 93,331
[52] US. Cl 235/151, 250/615, 444/1 [51] Int. Cl A6ln 5/01 [58] Field of Search 235/l5l, 61.6 H,
. 1451 Jan. 1, 1974 Primary ExaminerEugene G. Botz Attorney-Stanley Z. Cole and Leon F. Herbert 5 7 ABSTRACT A computer assisted radiation therapy machine is disclosed. The machine includes a rotatable gantry having a radiation source portion which is rotatable about a patient treatment couch. Geometric and dose parameters of the machine for defining a prescribed treatment plan of radiation are stored in the memory of the computer. A readout and display means is provided for displaying the geometric and dose parameters of the defined radiation treatment plan. Editing and updating capability are provided for editing and I Refelfllces Cited updating the treatment plan with the cumulative radia- UNITED STATES PATENTS tion dose administered to each portal and the total cu- 3,591,806 7 1971 Brill er al. 250/615 x mulative dose administered to the Patient Each P 2 943 205 9 0 Kazan et 1 250 95 UX rameter of a proposed treatment plan is compared 3,100,843 8/1963 Foster 250/95 X with permissible ranges of machine parameters stored in a memory to erify the proposed treatment IS within the permissible range of the machine. 831,597 l/l970 Canada 235/l5l I 9 Claims, 4 Drawing lFigures DIGITAL CASSETTE TAPE UNIT 28 Z B E J M E M 0 R Y CEN T RA L i P R0 C E SSDR ANALDG/ DIGITAL C 0 N V E RTE RS DIGITAL T0 ANALOG CON VER T E R5 SE N SONS i1 CONTROL LINES II AC H I N E I N T E R FACE L:
- '11111111111111 Ionsunou SAFETY 46 1115111001 RELAY +v PATENTEO JAR I I974 SHEET 1 OF 3 MACHINE CONSOLE CENTRAL PROCESSOR ANALOG/DIGITAL CONVERTERS SENSORS A CONTROL LINES MACHINE INTERFACE DIGITAL CASSETTE TAPE UNIT 28 {RADIATION ION BUTTON SAFETII 46 INTERLOCK RELAY 45 2 INVENTOR JOHN H. PAVKOVICH ATTORNEY PATENTEDJAH H974 3.783.251 sum 2 or a @ART T READ IN PATIENT RECORD READY SET CONSOLE READY WRITE OUT PATIENT RECORD ENABLE BEAM FIG.3A
PATENTED JAN 1 i974 SHEET 30$ 3 YES RRENT CLINAC N z 0 TOTO TREATMENT DATA BUFFER TRANSFER CU DATA INCLUDI WEDGE RAD/D nom S E I DISABLE BEAM DISABLE BEAM FIG.3B
COMPUTER ASSISTED RADIATION THERAPY MACHINE DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART Heretofore, the mechanical setup of a radiation therapy machine has been automated for decreasing the setup time and improving the accuracy of the mechanical setup for a radiation therapy treatment. In the prior machine, the desired positional information for the mechanical setup of the machine was punched into cards according to a prescribed plan of treatment. A deck of cards representing the setup for the prescribed plan of treatment was fed into a card reader. The output of the card reader was fed to control circuits for sequentially controlling the mechanical motion of the various movable parts of the machine for geometrically positioning the machine according to the prescribed plan of treatment. A four digit visual display was provided for displaying the position of each of the mechanically movable elements of the radiation therapy machine.
While the aforecited automated radiation therapy machine substantially decreased the setup time and improved the accuracy of the setup, it did not include means for automatically maintaining an updated read ing of cumulative radiation dose delivered to a patient through a prescribed radiation portal nor did it automatically maintain a cumulative total of radiation administered to a given patient.
The prescribed treatment plan for a patient, in the prior machine, could be edited and updated by punching a new set of punched cards. However, mistakes could be made by the keypunch operator and these mistakes would be incorporated into the treatment plan to be administered to the patient.
It is desired to obtain an improved automated radiation therapy machine which automatically verifies a proposed plan of treatment against a range of permissible values to prevent setting up or editing a treatment plan which is not in conformance with a predetermined range of permissible values for each parameter of a treatment plan.
SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT INVENTION The principal object of the present invention is the provision of an improved automated radiation therapy machine. V s
One feature of the present invention is the provision of means for automatically editing and updating a patients treatment plan with the cumulative total of radiation dose, if any, administered to the certain patient.
Another feature of the present invention is the same as the preceding featurewherein the means for automatically editing and updating the patients treatment plan includes a programmed general purpose computer.
In another feature of the present invention, cathode ray tube keyboard terminal or a teletype terminal is interactively coupled to a general purpose computer for editing, reading out, and displaying the updated treat ment plan. I
In another feature of the present invention, information defining a radiation treatment plan for a given patient is stored in a first memory means, such as a magnetic tape cassette paper tape or magnetic disc. This information is transferred into the memory of the computer and the computer reads the stored information, upon command, to a readout and display terminal having the capability for updating the treatment plan information stored in the computer.
In another feature of the present invention, information is stored defining permissible ranges of values for a treatment plan of machine parameters and the corresponding parameters of a proposed treatment plan are compared against the stored range of permissible values to derive an interlock output if the value of a proposed machine parameter is outside the range of permissible values to derive an interlock output if the value of a proposed machine parameter is outside the range of permissible values. The interlock output is employed to prevent transfer of the proposed treatment parameter into the treatment plan for the patient.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Referring now to FIG. I, there is shown a computer controlled radiation therapy machine incorporating features of the present invention. The radiation machine such as a CLINAC radiation therapy machine model 4 or 35, commercially available from Varian Associates, or a TljERATRON automatedgobalt 60 radiation machine made by Atomic Energy of Canada Limited of Ottawa, Canada, includes a couch 2 having a table portion 3 which receives the patient to be treated. The couch 2 is rotatable about a vertical axis 4 by means of a turntable 5 which the couch 2 is affixed. The couch includes an elevator portion 6 for translating the couch in the vertical direction Z. In addition, the couch includes motorized drives for translating the table 3 in the lateral Y direction and longitudinal X direction. A control pendant 10 is connected to the couch 2 via suitable cable for manual control of the various portions of the radiation machine I and for allowing automatic control of the radiation machine 1 by the computer.
A generally C-shaped gantry 8 is rotatable by 359 about a horizontal ads 9. The gantry 8 is rotatably sup ported from a stand 11. A source of radiation, such as a linear accelerator producing a high energy electron beam which is directed against an X-ray target, produces a beam of X-rays emanating from a collimator head portion 12. As an alternative, in the case of the cobalt machine, the cobalt serves as a source of X-ray radiation, and is housed within the collimator head portion 12. The X-rays are directed out of the radiating head portion 12 in a beam having; an axis l3'which intersects the gantry axis of rotation 9 at a position identified as the isocenter 14, which is also intersected by the turntable axis 4.
The head portion 12 includes two sets of movable beam defining jaws, as of lead, which are movable to define the length L and thickness; T of the field of the X-ray beam as collimated by the beam defining jaws. The source 12 is enclosed in a barrel shaped collimator housing 15. The source housing 15, along with beam defining jaws, are rotatable about the beam axis 13. The gantry 8 includes a beam stopping portion 16 disposed along the X-ray beam axis 13 and holding an X-ray absorbing material, such as lead, for stopping and absorbing the X-ray beam.
A digital computer 18, such as a Varian Data Machine Model 620/i general purpose digital computer, is coupled to the radiation therapy machine 1 via the intermediary of a control cable 19 and an interface 21. The computer 18 includes a core memory portion 22 interconnected to a central processor 23 which includes the address and arithmetic units. Sixteen channels of analog-to-digital converters 24 are provided for converting analog output signals derived from the radiation therapy machine 1 to digital form which are in turn fed into the central processor 23 for use therein and for use in the memory 22. Eight channels of digitalto-analog converters 25 are provided for converting digital output signals from the central processor 23 into analog signals which in turn are fed into the radiation therapy machine 1 via the intermediary of the interface 21. Sensor and control lines 26 are provided for sensing and controlling functions of the radiation therapy machine via the interface 21. A machine console 27 is coupled to the radiation therapy machine 1 and to the computer 18 via the machine interface 21.
The Varian data machines 620/i computer 18 is a system oriented digital computer. It has a total memory capacity of 12,388 words of 16 or 18 bits and is plug-in expandable. The memory is magnetic core with 1.8 microseconds full cycle and 700 nanoseconds access time. The arithmetic is parallel, binary, fixed points, 2s complement. It has seven addressing modes and over one hundred standard instructions. In addition, to the standard equipment which comes with the Varian 620/i computer, the computer 18 includes, a 620/i expansion chassis, two 620/i memory modules providing an extra 8,192 words, a 620/i-17 optional package, a 620/i-l paper tape reader, an acquisition and control unit, and the 620/i machine interface 21.
The 620/i-l7 optional package contains hardware multiply/divide, extended addressing, real time clock, power fail/restart, and eight level priority interrupts. The 620/i-51 accessory is a high speed paper tape reader which provides for rapid means to load the memory should a program be lost or scrambled for some reason. It is an input device only and will not punch. It reads at 300 characters per second.Theacquisition and control unit contains the following: 7 or 12 bits plus sign programmable sample-and-hold, 16 channels or multiplexed analog-to-digital conversion 24, and the eight channels of 9 bit plus sign digitaltoanalog converters 25 plus 16 sense and eight control lines 26. In addition, the acquisition and control unit contains the BCD registers and controller for the BCD information available from the radiation machine 1.
A digital cassette tape unit 28, such as a model 100 COMPUCORDER available from Datatronics, Inc. of Rochester, New York, is coupled by suitable cables to the central processor 23 for reading digital data, stored in the patients individual cassette, into the central processor 23 and memory 22. In addition, outputs from the processor 23 are recorded back into thepatients cassette via the tape unit 28. A cathode ray tube/keyboard terminal 29, such as a model ALPHA 103A CRT/keyboard terminal, commercially available from Beehive Medical Electronics, Inc. of Salt Lake City, is coupled to the central processor 23 via cable 31 for displaying data read from the memory 22 through the central processor 23 and for controlling certain operations of the radiation therapy machine 1 via the computer 18.
The CRT terminal 29 forms the major input-output device for the computer 18 and includes an alpha numeric display. It has a standard typewriter keyboard and four way cursor control. In addition, it has an 1 1 inch CRT screen with 20 lines and 40 characters per line. The CRT terminal 29 has type-over capability using the cursor as well as line-erase and screen-clear. It has its own internal character generator with 64 characters ASC Il set. A remote slave cathode ray tube (CRT) 32 is provided for remote data observation. A standard ASR 33 teletype unit is coupled to the central processor 23 via suitable cables to provide a hard copy printout and to serve as a backup input for the CRT/keyboard terminal 29 and for the paper tape reader accessory of the computer 18.
Referring now to FIG. 2 there is shown one of the circuits for generating an analog positional signal determinative of the position of one of the variable parameters of the radiation machine 1, such as: gantry angle G; housing angle, H; couch position in the X, Y and Z directions, etc. The positional signal circuit of FIG. 2 includes a potentiometer 34, as of 10 k ohms, attached to the drive shaft 35 via mechanical coupling 36. Drive shaft 34 generates the motion of the parameter being controlled, such that a full-scale motion of the parameter being varied or controlled results in generating a full scale +10 volts to -10 volts analog output derived from the pickoff 37 of the potentiometer 34. IS volts and +15 volts, respectively, are applied to opposite ends of the potentiometer 34 through trimming potentiometers 38 and 39 provided at the ends of the potentiometer 34. The trimming potentiometers 38 and 39 provide for calibration of the range and the end points for each positional output readout. One turn 0.25 percent linearity, 0.095 percent resolution potentiometers 34 are utilized on the beam collimator jaws, and position indicators. Ten turn 0.1 percent linearity, 0.019 percent resolution potentiometers 34 are provided for each of the other analog positional readouts.
Each of the motorized control motions of the radiation machine 1 is driven by a shunt-wound dc motor 40 operated by an SCR controller 41. With exception of the gantry rotation controller, each controller is openloop providing full output in response to a 6-volt dc signal, decreasing to 0 output at 0.5 volts dc (10.5 dead band volts). The gantry speed control is closed loop, speed regulated, full speed output in response to a 12- volt dc input, against with 10.5 dead band volts. The turntable drive is equipped with a brake which is engaged when the input voltage of the motor controller is zero. The couch longitudinal and lateral motions have switch actuated electric clutches engaging their respective drives.
Control of each motion of the radiation therapy machine l is obtained by direct digital control. Positions of each of the eight analog motions are sampled, by sampling the output of each potentiometer 34, every 50 milliseconds, l0 microseconds required for each sample. Sampling is controlled by the central processor 23 and is effected through the interface 21 to the positional control circuits of FIG. 2 coupled to the drive 35 for each of the driven elements of the radiation therapy machine 1. The driven motions are sufficiently fast so as to alter their feedback from zero to full scale in seconds. Assuming a 12-bit plus sign analog-tvdigital converter output will vary a maximum of one leastsignificant bit in 3.6 milliseconds, allowing observation of at most four least-significant bit changes at every reading.
Each patient has in his file a digital tape cassette. For treatment of a patient, his cassette is loaded into the tape unit 28 and a command from the keyboard termi nal 29 causes the tape to be read into the central processor 23and stored in the memory 22 of the computer 18. The information transferred from the cassette to the memory 22 of the computer 18 includes the patients identification number, his name, the diagnosis of his condition, the portal definition of eight separate radiation treatment portals, each including an identification number 1-8 and a definition of the quantities, G, 8,, X, Y, Z, H, L, T, and dose for each of the defined portals, whether the individual treatment will involve arc therapy, and if so the start and stop gantry angles G, and the rads per degree, and information as to which, if any wedge is to be employed and whether blocks are to be employed. Wedges serve to shape the intensity of the radiation beam, and blocks serve to protect certain portionsof the patient being treated for radiation emanating from the beam. In addition, information stored in the memory 22 from the patients cassette, includes a sequence of how the portal definitions are to be administered, i.e., the treatment plan, the monitored cumulative dose per portal, and the total cumulative dose for the patient.
Once this information has been stored in the computer 18, the keyboard terminal 29 is actuated for displaying desired information from the memory 22 on the display of the keyboard terminal 29. On a proper command from the keyboard terminal 29, the central processor 23 causes to be displayed, from the memory 22, on the cathode ray tube display 29, the next treatment to be given. For example, a certain radiation portal is defined on the visual alphanumeric CRT display, with the prescribed" set points for the quantities of G,S,X,Y,Z,H,L,T, etc. Opposite the prescribed values for the aforementioned quantities, which define the treatment to begiven, is displayed the corresponding present position of each of the settings of the radiation therapy machine 1. Positional values are obtained from the output of the positional circuits of the type shown in FIGL 2 as converted to digital form via the analog-todigital converters 24 and as sent to the display tube of the keyboard terminal 29, from the central processor 23; Upon depressing the proper command button on the machine control pendant 10, the central processor 23 causes the actual positional'signal to be monitored and to be compared with the prescribed positional signal to derive error signals which are fed to the controllers for causing the radiation therapy machine 1 to take the positions defined by the treatment plan being exe cuted.
An anti-collision program is stored in the memory 22 and the central processor, in conformance with the program, continually checks for the possiblity of a collision between the gantry 8 and the couch 2. If imminent collision is determined, an anti-collision subroutine is executed to avert the collision. The radiation machine is positioned in accordance with the predetermined prescribed plan. The geometric set points can be achieved in less than 30 seconds because all of the geometric motions of the radiation machine are obtained simultaneously.
As each of the geometric parameters achieves its set point, the set point value is displayed on the cathode ray tube opposite the corresponding prescribed value for the treatment plan being executed. Thus, all the set point valuesfor the quantities G, S, X, Y, Z, H, L and T are achievedautomatically and presented automati cally. The planned values for dose,time, rads per degree, stop angle, wedge and blocks are displayed but these adjustments are made manually from the machine console 27. Each of the manual adjustments from the machine console 27 has a BCD positional output signal generator of conventional design coupled thereto in the conventional manner. As the manually adjustable parameters are set, the: corresponding positional value. is fed into the computer 18 and presented on the display adjacent the planned value. Each wedge and block is separately coded with electrical connections and electrical connections are made to these coded connections for feeding an input signal to the computer 18 corresponding to the particular wedge or block employed. Thus wedge and block information is also fed to the computer and presented on the display 29.
The computer 18 is programmed to compare the prescribed value for all of the aforementioned geometric and other machine parameters against the set point values achieved for each of the adjustable parameters. If all of the prescribed values do not conform to the set point values, the computer 18 generates an interlock output signal which is fed via the machine interface 21 to actuate a relay 45 which opens a circuit in the machine console 27 and prevents energizationof the radiation ON" button 46 in the machine console 27 such that the beam of radiation cannot be turned onto the patient until. all of the actual set points values for the variable parameters of the radiation machine conform to the prescribed values. This greatly reduces the probability of the operator making a mistake and delivering a dose of radiation to the patient which is not called for by the prescribed treatment plan. Tolerances in the mechanical settings can be built into the system to com-- pensate for uncertainties in patient positioning on the treatment couch 2.
The radiation head portion 12 of the radiation therapy machine 1 includes a dosimeter 20 for monitoring the dose of radiation actually administered to the patient. The output from the dosimeter is continually monitored by the computer 18 throughout the treatment. The measured radiation dose per treatment is stored in the memory 22 of the computer and displayed on the CRT/terminal display 29. In addition, the computer updates the patient treatment plan status information stored in the memory 22 by updating the portal status portion of the treatment plan to include the eumulative total of radiation dose administered through the particular portal just administered and the total dose administered to the patient. The status information is also updated to include which treatments in the sequence of treatments has been administered and which numbered treatment is to be administered next.
The treatment plan portion of the patients treatment plan information stored in the memory 22 is also updated by the computer by entering a mark such as an asterisk under the number of the portal definition just administered in the sequence of portal numbers which defines the treatment plan sequence.
After the treatment is terminated an interlock signal goes to the computer 18 from the radiation machine 1. This interlock signal prevents the computer from performing any functions other than printing out the updated portal definition information for the portal just administered. The print out is on the teletype 33. The print out includes the complete portal definition of prescribed and present positions of the elements, etc., together with present date, time, cumulative dose for this portal and the grand total of dose administered to the patient.
After the print out, the operator types the command END at the keyboard terminal which commands the computer 18 to readout all the updated treatment plan information, portal definition information, etc., relating to this patient from the memory 22 back into the individual patients tape cassette via the tape deck unit 28.
Any detail of the prescribed overall radiation treatment plan or any one of the prescribed parameters of an individual portal descriptions can be easily changed during the course of treatments. The operator pushes an EDIT button on the CRT keyboard terminal 29 and types in the appropriate change at the keyboard. Two levels of edit capability are incorporated. Certain major changes, such as overall treatment plan, can only be initiated by supervisory personnel with a special access key which serves to complete an interlock circuit in an interface between the CRT/keyboard terminal 29 and the central processor 23. If the therapist desires periodic examination before certain treatments can be administered to the patient, he can require that some one of supervisory rank be present at a given treatment by typing in an appropriate legend in the overall treatment plan.
Any proposed new machine parameter for a change in a treatment plan or portal definition is compared by the computer 18 against the respective permissible ranges for that parameter stored in the memory 22. If the proposed value of the parameter is within the permissible range the change is entered and the treatment plan. or portal definition stored in the memory 22 is thus edited.
If the proposed change in parameter is not within the permissible range of values, an error message is displayed on the CRT display 29 and the proposed parameter change is not entered.
The computer assisted radiation machine 1 also in cludes a simulator mode of operation. In the simulator mode the radiation therapy machine is manually controlled by the operator from the pendant 10 to position the geometric machine parameters for a certain treatment to be administered. The final settings of the machine are monitored by the respective positional output signals and define portions of a complete portal definition. Upon a command the operator causes the computer 18 to transfer the manually set machine parameters into the memory 22 to establish a portal definition in a treatment plan of information stored for that patient in the memory 22. Subsequently this portal definition is completed by the operator and becomes a part of the patient treatment plan to be transferred to his cassette in the manner as previously described above. A computer program flow chart the aforedescribed computer program is shown in FIG. 3.
Since many changes could be made in the above construction and many apparently widely different embodiments of this invention could be made without departing from the scope thereof, it is intended that all matter contained in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.
RELATED CASES The simultaneous motion and anti-collision program are described and claimed in copending U.S. application Ser. No. 93,327 filed Nov. 27, 1970, now U.S. Pat. No. 3,720,817. The feature of verifying the prescribed treatment plan against the actual settings of the radiation machine is disclosed and claimed in copending U.S. application Ser. No. 93,332 filed Nov. 27, 1970, both applications are assigned to the same assignee as the present invention.
What is claimed is:
1. In a radiation therapy apparatus, couch means for supporting a patient to receive radiation, radiation source meansfor applying radiation to the patient, means for supporting and moving said radiation source means around said couch means, means for storing information defining geometric and radiation dose parameters of the radiation machine for defining a prescribed radiation treatment to be administered to the patient, means for reading out of said storage means and displaying to an operator the geometric and dose parameters defining the prescribed plan of radiation treatment, means for deriving an output representative of the dose of radiation actually administered to the patient from said source means in carrying out the defined plan of treatment, means for automatically editing and updating said storage means with the derived dose output by adding the derived dose output to the cumulative total of previously derived dose outputs, if any, administered to the patient and stored in said storage means, to obtain an updated cumulative total radiation dose output in said storage means.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said means for displaying and reading out of said storage means the parameters of a prescribed plan of treatment includes, means for reading out the edited and updated cumulative total radiation dose output from said edited and updated storage means.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said storage means and said editing and updating means includes, a programmed general purpose computer.
4. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein said readout and display means includes, cathode ray tube terminal means interactively coupled to said general purpose computer means.
5. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein said readout and display means includes, teletype terminal means interactively coupled to said programmed general purpose computer means for printing out the edited and updated treatment plan parameter stored in said storage means.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said means for deriving an output representative of the dose of radiation actually administered to the patient includes, dosimeter means disposed in the beam of radiation administered to the patient.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 including, programmed general purpose computer means having a memory portion, and wherein said storage means for storing the geometric and dose parameter information defining a prescribed radiation treatment plan includes said mem ory of said computer means, and including second information storage means for storing geometric and dose parameter information defining a prescribed radi ation treatment plan for a given patient, means for reading the treatment plan information stored in said second storage means into said memory portion of said computer means, means for recording information in said second information storage means, and said computer means being programmed to read the edited and updated treatment plan information from said memory portion of said computer to said recording means for recording the updated treatment plan information in said second information storage means.
8. The apparatus of claim 7 wherein said second storage means includes, an information storage tape medium.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein, said storage means also includes means for storing information defining permissible ranges of values of treatment plan parameters for radiation treatment plans to be administered to the patient, means for comparing a proposed radiation treatment plan parameter against the respective parameter of the range of permissible values to'derive an interlock output if the valve of the proposed machine parameter is outside the respective range of permissible parameter values, and means responsive to the interlock output to prevent transfer of the out-ofrange proposed machine parameter into the prescribed set of treatment plan parameters stored in said storage means.
Patent Citations
Referenced by
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Carr, Calthes lead St. Joe's over Fairfield, 78-70
BRIDGEPORT, Conn. (AP)—Tasheed Carr and Pat Calathes each scored 18 points and St. Joseph?s defeated Fairfield 78-70 Friday night.
Fairfield had an early 18-8, hitting eight of their first 12 shots in the first 7 minutes, before St. Joe's went on a a 34-10 run to end the half. The Hawks (5-4) took a 42-28 lead into the break, after holding Fairfield scoreless for over 3 1/2 minutes.
Fairfield battled back in the second half, cutting St. Joseph?s lead to 69-64 with 2:18 remaining, but a jumper by Carr and a 3-pointer by Rob Ferguson sealed the game for the Hawks.
Mike Evanovich scored 18 points to lead Fairfield (2-8) and Anthony Johnson chipped in 16.
It was the Hawks ninth consecutive win over Fairfield, which has lost 19 consecutive games against teams from Philadelphia.


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Protest over cuts to The Ride
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Colonels open season tonight against Evansville Reitz
Even though his team has come out on the short end of the last three meetings with Evansville Reitz, Henderson County coach Clay Clevenger has enjoyed the season-opening series between the intrastate rivals.
"It's a fun game. It's fun to prepare for a quality opponent like that," said Clevenger, who enters his sixth season as the Colonels' head coach. "They're always going to be a challenge and from a coaching standpoint I like a challenge. It's a great high school football atmosphere when we play them — one of the best that I've been a part of."
Reitz returns to Colonel Stadium for the annual Hall of Fame Game tonight at 7 p.m. At halftime, the 25th class of the Henderson County Sports Hall of Fame will be introduced.
Henderson County has not defeated Reitz since this series resumed in 2009. Of course, the Colonels have plenty of company. The Panthers have lost only five games in the last three seasons, which included an undefeated state championship season in 2009 and a state semifinal appearance in 2010.
Reitz won last year's game 21-20 in overtime in Evansville when the Colonels elected to go for the win with a two-point conversion and quarterback Hunter Comer was stopped on the 2-yard line. Comer had scored on a fourth-down run moments earlier to pull the Colonels within one.
Henderson County did turn the ball over four times in last year's contest at the Reitz Bowl.
"Ball security will be important. Last year, the fumbles killed us," Clevenger said.
Comer, who threw for one touchdown and rushed for another in last year's game, is back to lead the Henderson County offense. He threw four touchdown passes in last week's scrimmage at Owensboro Catholic, but that doesn't necessarily mean there's a big shift in Henderson County's offensive philosophy.
"I think we can hurt people with our passing game when they overplay the run," Clevenger said. "Our bread and butter is going to be running the football, just like it has been."
Experienced personnel at the skill positions gives Clevenger greater comfort in his play calling, he said.
Reitz also returns its main offensive weapon in senior running back Ke'Andre Vaughn, who rushed for 59 yards on 18 carries last year. "He's as explosive as any back we'll see all year. They'll probably give him the ball 20 to 25 times," Clevenger said.
Quarterback Drew Johnston takes over the starter's role after being the backup the last two years. "He runs the option well," Clevenger said.
Webster County also opens its season tonight as the Trojans host Hopkins Central at 7:30 p.m. in Scotty Vance's debut as the Trojans' head coach. Webster and Hopkins Central won just one game apiece last season.
Tonight's Reitz-Henderson County game is scheduled to be televised on a tape-delay basis by WTVW-7 (Cable 8) at 10 p.m.


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A method is described that involves detecting the presence of a pairing partner. Prior to establishing a paired relationship with the pairing partner, a user is prompted to verify himself/herself. In response to the user properly verifying himself/herself, the paring partner is paired with. The pairing includes invoking a remote storage protocol that contemplates a network between the partners to establish on a first of the partners access to non volatile storage resources for general use. The non volatile storage resources are located on a second of the partners. The second of the partners is a handheld device that provides wireless cell phone service, wireless Internet service and music playback service.
1. A method performed by a partner of a pair of paring partners to establish a paired relationship between the partners, comprising:
detecting the presence of a pairing partner device as a consequence of said pairing partner device being locally connected to said partner through a local connection, said local connection bounded by only one transmission end and only one reception end for communications headed in a particular direction;
prior to establishing a paired relationship with said pairing partner device, prompting a user to verify himself/herself;
pairing with said pairing partner device in response to said user properly verifying himself/herself, said pairing including said pairing partners authenticating each other by passing a unique pass code between said pairing partners over said local connection, said unique pass code agreed to between said pairing partners before said detecting;
invoking a remote storage protocol between said pairing partners to establish on a first of the pairing partners access to non volatile storage resources through said local connection for general use, said non volatile storage resources located on a second of the pairing partners, said remote storage protocol designed to provide access to remote storage over a network having multiple nodal hops.
2. The method of
3. The method of
4. The method of
5. The method of
6. The method of
7. The method of
8. A handheld device, comprising:
a) a wireless wide area network interface, said wireless wire area network interface to transport cell phone communications and Internet communications;
b) a local interconnect interface to transport information between two devices only over a local connection bounded by only one transmission end and only one reception end for communications headed in a particular direction;
c) a non volatile storage resource;
d) a processing unit;
e) remote storage access protocol program code, said remote storage access protocol program code to perform a method when processed by said processing unit that includes providing access to said non volatile storage resource for general use through said local interconnect interface, said remote storage protocol of said remote storage access protocol program code designed to provide access to remote storage over a network having multiple nodal hops;
e) pairing protocol program code, said pairing protocol program code to perform a method when processed by said processing unit that includes:
prompting said handheld device's user for identity verification information;
if said verification information is correct, pairing said handheld device with a pairing partner through said local interconnect interface;
said pairing including engaging in the passing of a unique pass code with said pairing partner, said pass code agreed to beforehand by said handheld device and said pairing partner.
9. The handheld device of
10. The handheld device of
11. The handheld device of
12. The handheld device of
13. The handheld device of
14. A computing system, comprising:
a) a processing unit;
b) non volatile storage resources containing:
i) pairing authentication program code that engages in the passing of a unique pass code with a pairing partner, said unique pass code agreed to between said computing system and said pairing partner;
ii)wireless network interface program code that, when processed by said processing unit, causes a first method to be performed that includes:
establishing a connection to said pairing partner in conformance with a wireless network connection establishment protocol over a local I/O port that sends/receives information to/from said pairing partner, said connection bounded by only one transmission end and one reception end for communications headed in a particular direction;
iii) remote file access protocol program code that, when processed by said processing unit, causes a second method to be performed that includes:
providing access to remote storage resources on said pairing partner available through said I/O port and said connection, said remote storage resources available for general use by said computing system
said remote file access protocol of said remote file access protocol program code designed to provide access to remote storage over a network having multiple nodal hops.
15. The computing system of
prompting a user of said computing system to provide identity verification information as a condition precedent to performing said second method.
16. The computing system of
17. A computing system, comprising:
program code that when processed by a digital processing device of said computing system causes a method to be performed, said method including:
detecting the presence of a pairing partner;
prior to establishing a paired relationship with said pairing partner, prompting a user to verify himself/herself; and,
pairing with said pairing partner in response to said user properly verifying himself/herself, said pairing including engaging in the passing of a unique pass code with said pairing partner over a local connection between said pairing partner and said computing system bounded by only one transmission end and one reception end for communications headed in a particular direction, said pass code agreed to beforehand by said computing system and said pairing partner, said pairing including invoking a remote storage protocol between said pairing partner and said computing system to establish on one of said computing system and said pairing partner access to non volatile storage resources located on the other of said computing system and said pairing partner for general use, the other of said computing system and said pairing partner being a handheld device that provides wireless cell phone service, wireless Internet service and music playback service, said remote storage protocol designed to provide access to remote storage over a network having multiple nodal hops.
18. The computing system of
19. The computing system of
20. The computing system of
21. The computing system of
The field of invention relates generally to computing systems and more specifically to a pairing and storage access scheme between a handheld device and a computing system.
The continued increase in semiconductor processing performance along with the continued decline in the cost of semiconductor devices has resulted in the emergence of "high tech" consumer products such as handheld devices capable of providing, among other things, cell phone communications, Internet communications and entertainment applications. The iPod™ and iPhone™ products offered by Apple, Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. are a good example. The iPod™ is a handheld entertainment device that couples non-volatile storage and processing resources to store and playback entertainment files (e.g., music files). The iPhone™, like the iPod™, includes the ability to store and playback entertainment files—but also—possesses additional capabilities such as cell phone and Internet communications.
The computing systems architecture of this arrangement, shown simplistically in
In operation, iTunes™ or iPhone™ specific application software 203 running on the PC 200 is able to download/upload entertainment files, calendaring information, contact information, etc. to/from the iPhone™'s 202 non volatile storage resources. Note that, like
However, architecturally speaking, note that the informational flow between the PC 200 and the iPhone™ 202 crosses the proprietary network 209. Thus, from the perspective of the PC 200, the iPhone™ is reachable only through the proprietary network 209 (even though it is actually locally connected through the USB 201). However, a drawback of this approach is that, currently, only iTunes™ or iPhone™ specific application software 203 is able to use the non volatile storage resources of the iPhone™. Said another way, unlike an iPod™, an iPhone™ cannot be used as a generic memory stick capable of storing "any" kind of information that the user might desire to store.
The present invention is illustrated by way of example and not limitation in the figures of the accompanying drawings, in which like references indicate similar elements and in which:
The iTunes™/iPhone™ software 318 can continue to use its legacy protocol for reaching the external storage resources 304 (i.e., operate as in the system of
Thus, as shown in
In an alternative approach, a quasi-permanent connection could be made to exist between the PC 300 and iPhone 302 (e.g., that is established as part of an initial pairing sequence when the iPhone is first plugged into the USB port). Once the connection is established, the network interface 317 simply forwards remote access commands issued by interface 316 over the connection (i.e., no connection establishment phase is performed between the invocation of the network interface 317 by the remote file access interface 316 and the sending of remote file access commands over the USB).
Remote file access protocols are known in the art. Examples include Common Internet File System (CIFS), Server Message Block (SMB) and Samba SMB. Typically, a remote file access protocol will effect a client-server relationship where the client issues requests to the server (typically store or read commands for specified items of data). According to one approach, when accessing the storage resources of the iPhone™, the PC 300 behaves as the client and the iPhone™ behaves as the server. Thus, for instance, the PC's remote file access protocol 316 will issue store commands with associated data and read commands identifying specific data to the network interface 317, which, subsequently, packages these commands into the appropriate format (e.g., a data packet) for transport through the artificial network on the USB 301.
Note that the diagram of
When an iPhone™ 302 is plugged into the PC's USB port 206, 306 notification of a plug-in event reaches the pairing routines 322, 323 which discover each other and execute an authentication scheme to verify that a correct or trusted iPhone™ 302 is plugged into the PC 300, and contra-wise, that the iPhone™ 302 is plugged into a correct or trusted PC 300. Here, in order for the pairing routines 322, 323 to recognize a known or trusted partner, a registration process is typically performed between the two the first time the PC 300 and iPhone™ 302 are ever connected to one another. The registration process may involve, for example, the generation of a unique passcode or key that the two partners agree will be used to verify identity during subsequent plug-in events.
According to one embodiment of the system shown in
According to another embodiment, consistent with the idea that general memory stick like usage of the iPhone™'s storage resources 304 is made available upon a plug-in event, the pairing routines 322, 323 are migrated to the remote file access layers 316, 315. As such, the authentication procedures that take place between the PC 300 and iPhone™ 302 during a plug-in event are executed from the remote file access layers 316, 315 rather than the "closed" iTune™/iPhone™ specific software 318, 314.
Another advancement observed in
That is, for example, if a user holding an operative iPhone™ walks into the same room as the PC, the PC 300 and iPhone™ 302 can be paired with one another through the WLAN. Here, the pairing routines detect the presence of the pairing partner through notification arising out of their respective WLAN interfaces. Integrating or otherwise coupling the pairing routines with the remote file access layers 316, 317 permits the automatic availability of remote storage services offered by the iPhone™ to the PC 300 simply by, for instance, a user holding the iPhone™ 302 and walking into the same room as the PC 300.
Here, a security issue presents itself. What happens if a third person who inappropriately is in possession of the iPhone™ walks into the same room as the PC? Here, the machines 300, 302 trust each other—but the user is not trustworthy. If the machines 300, 302 implement an automatic pairing relationship, the untrustworthy user now has access to the data stored on the iPhone™. Since the iPhone™ storage resources have been opened up to store non-iTunes™/iPhone™ specific data, potentially, highly confidential/sensitive information may now be stored on the iPhone™.
Accordingly, an embodiment includes enhancing the pairing schemes to force the user to identify himself/herself as part of the pairing process. For instance, the user may have an associated password. When the user walks into the room with the iPhone™, the pairing routines cause a window to be displayed to the user (on the PC and/or the iPhone™) that requests the user to enter his/her password. If the correct password is provided, the pairing schemes are permitted to form a communicative relationship between the two machines 300, 302. According to one embodiment, the user is given the option as to whether or not the pairing schemes are to perform user authentication/verification as part of the machine pairing process. Note that the addition of user authentication to machine pairing can also be applied to direct, physical connection over the USB 301 as well.
It should be emphasized above that the iPhone™'s other functions (e.g., cell phone communications, Internet communication, media playback through the iPhone™'s earphones, etc.) can be continuously operable before, during and after the aforementioned pairing sequences or attempted pairing sequences.
The iPhone™ is viewed, more generally, as a handheld device.
Handheld device 600 may also include a digital processing system 603 to control the digital RF transceiver and to manage the voice, digital data and/or media signals. Digital processing system 603 may be a general purpose processing unit, such as a microprocessor or controller for example. Digital processing system 603 may also include a special purpose processing device, such as an ASIC (application specific integrated circuit), FPGA (field-programmable gate array) or DSP (digital signal processor). Digital processing system 603 may also include other devices, as are known in the art, to interface with other components of handheld device 600. For example, digital processing system 603 may include analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters to interface with other components of handheld device 600. Digital processing system 603 may include a media processing system 609, which may also include a general purpose or special purpose processing device to manage media, such as files of audio data. The digital processing system 603 may also include memory resources for storing program code and data that is processed by a processing unit.
Handheld device 600 may also include a storage device 604, coupled to the digital processing system, to store data and/or operating programs for the handheld device 600. Storage device 604 may be, for example, any type of solid-state or magnetic memory device including non volatile storage such as FLASH memory or a hard disk drive. Program code processed by the digital processing system is typically stored in storage device 604.
Handheld device 600 may also include one or more input devices 605, coupled to the digital processing system 603, to accept user inputs (e.g., telephone numbers, names, addresses, media selections, etc.) Input device 605 may be, for example, one or more of a keypad, a touchpad, a touch screen, a pointing device in combination with a display device or similar input device. Additional input devices may be instantiated to provide, for instance, a local, physical I/O such as a USB.
Handheld device 600 may also include at least one display device 606, coupled to the digital processing system 603, to display information such as messages, telephone call information, contact information, pictures, movies and/or titles or other indicators of media being selected via the input device 605. Display device 606 may be, for example, an LCD display device. In one embodiment, display device 606 and input device 605 may be integrated together in the same device (e.g., a touch screen LCD such as a multi-touch input panel which is integrated with a display device, such as an LCD display device). Examples of a touch input panel and a display integrated together are shown in U.S. published application No. 20060097991. The display device 606 may include a backlight 606 a to illuminate the display device 606 under certain circumstances. It will be appreciated that the handheld device 600 may include multiple displays.
Handheld device 600 may also include a battery 607 to supply operating power to components of the system including digital RF transceiver 602, digital processing system 603, storage device 604, input device 605, microphone 605A, audio transducer 608, media processing system 609, sensor(s) 610, and display device 606. Battery 607 may be, for example, a rechargeable or non-rechargeable lithium or nickel metal hydride battery.
Handheld device 600 may also include audio transducers 608, which may include one or more speakers, and at least one microphone 605A.
Handheld device 600 may also include one or more sensors 610 coupled to the digital processing system 603. The sensor(s) 610 may include, for example, one or more of a proximity sensor, accelerometer, touch input panel, ambient light sensor, ambient noise sensor, temperature sensor, gyroscope, a hinge detector, a position determination device, an orientation determination device, a motion sensor, a sound sensor, a radio frequency electromagnetic wave sensor, and other types of sensors and combinations thereof. Based on the data acquired by the sensor(s) 610, various responses may be performed automatically by the digital processing system, such as, for example, activating or deactivating the backlight 606 a, changing a setting of the input device 605 (e.g. switching between processing or not processing, as an intentional user input, any input data from an input device), and other responses and combinations thereof.
In one embodiment, digital RF transceiver 602, digital processing system 603 and/or storage device 604 may include one or more integrated circuits disposed on a printed circuit board (PCB).
Processes taught by the discussion above may be performed with program code such as machine-executable instructions that cause a machine that executes these instructions to perform certain functions. In this context, a "machine" may be a machine that converts intermediate form (or "abstract") instructions into processor specific instructions (e.g., an abstract execution environment such as a "virtual machine" (e.g., a Java Virtual Machine), an interpreter, a Common Language Runtime, a high-level language virtual machine, etc.)), and/or, electronic circuitry disposed on a semiconductor chip (e.g., "logic circuitry" implemented with transistors) designed to execute instructions such as a general-purpose processor and/or a special-purpose processor. Processes taught by the discussion above may also be performed by (in the alternative to a machine or in combination with a machine) electronic circuitry designed to perform the processes (or a portion thereof) without the execution of program code.
It is believed that processes taught by the discussion above may also be described in source level program code in various object-orientated or non-object-orientated computer programming languages (e.g., Java, C#, VB, Python, C, C++, J#, APL, Cobol, Fortran, Pascal, Perl, etc.) supported by various software development frameworks (e.g., Microsoft Corporation's .NET, Mono, Java, Oracle Corporation's Fusion, etc.). The source level program code may be converted into an intermediate form of program code (such as Java byte code, Microsoft Intermediate Language, etc.) that is understandable to an abstract execution environment (e.g., a Java Virtual Machine, a Common Language Runtime, a high-level language virtual machine, an interpreter, etc.) or may be compiled directly into object code.
According to various approaches the abstract execution environment may convert the intermediate form program code into processor specific code by, 1) compiling the intermediate form program code (e.g., at run-time (e.g., a JIT compiler)), 2) interpreting the intermediate form program code, or 3) a combination of compiling the intermediate form program code at run-time and interpreting the intermediate form program code. Abstract execution environments may run on various operating systems (such as UNIX, LINUX, Microsoft operating systems including the Windows family, Apple Computers operating systems including MacOS X, Sun/Solaris, OS/2, Novell, etc.).
An article of manufacture may be used to store program code. An article of manufacture that stores program code may be embodied as, but is not limited to, one or more memories (e.g., one or more flash memories, random access memories (static, dynamic or other)), optical disks, CD-ROMs, DVD ROMs, EPROMs, EEPROMs, magnetic or optical cards or other type of machine-readable media suitable for storing electronic instructions. Program code may also be downloaded from a remote computer (e.g., a server) to a requesting computer (e.g., a client) by way of data signals embodied in a propagation medium.
The PC 300 of
The one or more processors 701 execute instructions in order to perform whatever software routines the computing system implements. The instructions frequently involve some sort of operation performed upon data. Both data and instructions are stored in system memory 703 and cache 704. Cache 704 is typically designed to have shorter latency times than system memory 703. For example, cache 704 might be integrated onto the same silicon chip(s) as the processor(s) and/or constructed with faster SRAM cells whilst system memory 703 might be constructed with slower DRAM cells. By tending to store more frequently used instructions and data in the cache 704 as opposed to the system memory 703, the overall performance efficiency of the computing system improves.
System memory 703 is deliberately made available to other components within the computing system. For example, the data received from various interfaces to the computing system (e.g., keyboard and mouse, printer port, LAN port, modem port, etc.) or retrieved from an internal storage element of the computing system (e.g., hard disk drive) are often temporarily queued into system memory 703 prior to their being operated upon by the one or more processor(s) 701 in the implementation of a software program. Similarly, data that a software program determines should be sent from the computing system to an outside entity through one of the computing system interfaces, or stored into an internal storage element, is often temporarily queued in system memory 703 prior to its being transmitted or stored.
The ICH 705 is responsible for ensuring that such data is properly passed between the system memory 703 and its appropriate corresponding computing system interface (and internal storage device if the computing system is so designed). The MCH 702 is responsible for managing the various contending requests for system memory 703 access amongst the processor(s) 701, interfaces and internal storage elements that may proximately arise in time with respect to one another.
One or more I/O devices 708 are also implemented in a typical computing system. I/O devices generally are responsible for transferring data to and/or from the computing system (e.g., a networking adapter); or, for large scale non-volatile storage within the computing system (e.g., hard disk drive). ICH 705 has bi-directional point-to-point links between itself and the observed I/O devices 708.
It is believed that processes taught by the discussion above can be practiced within various software environments such as, for example, object-oriented and non-object-oriented programming environments, Java based environments (such as a Java 2 Enterprise Edition (J2EE) environment or environments defined by other releases of the Java standard), or other environments (e.g., a .NET environment, a Windows/NT environment each provided by Microsoft Corporation).
In the foregoing specification, the invention has been described with reference to specific exemplary embodiments thereof. It will, however, be evident that various modifications and changes may be made thereto without departing from the broader spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims. The specification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense.
Although the presentation has repeatedly referred to the iPhone™ it should be understood that the claims that follow are not to be construed as being directly solely to iPhone™ products.
Patent Citations
Non-Patent Citations
Referenced by
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There are usually a couple of obsessions that I have each season that I generally don't get around to until near the end (I'm not really sure why that is but sometimes it just takes me a minute, ok?). This go around it's the plaid jacket! I have been admiring this fabulous piece of outerwear for quite some time on others but could never seem to find just the right one for me! And while plaid obviously can be worn year round, there is something about this trend that rings more true in the cooler months.
Well… as a self-proclaimed Zara-aholic, I should have known that Zara would come to the rescue! I found this fabulous jacket on online (and on sale) and decided to give it a try. I love the simple print and classic tartan colors. While today's plaid offers many versatile styling options, I decided to keep this look very casual and basic, using the primary colors of the jacket to compliment the rest of my look.
**(Clearly, I was goofing around on this photo!!)**
The cool thing about this jacket (and plaid in general) is that it is can be dressed up or down. (In fact, I have a cute navy dress that I already see myself wearing this with!!)
What I'm Wearing: Zara Jacket (similar here and here), Nordstrom Rack Tee, Zara Skinny Jeans (similar here), Fergie Boots (here), Urban Expressions Clutch (here), Necklace from Arden B., Bracelets from JT Posh and The Boulevard at Southend.
Where Am I: Lakepoint Center
I know we are all sick of winter right now but what trends are you still trying to get in before it's over?


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Radius Restaurant is South Franklin Circle's public restaurant, where diners enjoy a menu featuring Executive Chef Ian H. Thompson's seasonally inspired, classically grounded, progressive cuisine as well as quality spirits served in casually elegant surroundings.
Classically trained Ian H. Thompson spent three years as Chef du Cuisine at fire food and drink working with legendary Cleveland chef Doug Katz, and then went on to open Provenance and Provenance Café at the newly reopened Cleveland Museum of Art. Learn more about Chef Ian's Radius Restaurant cuisine.
Radius serves dinner
Tuesday-Saturday 5:00–9:00 p.m.
Sunday Brunch is served
11:00 a.m.–1:30 p.m.
For reservations,
please call: (440) 247-1334


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1 Park near North Java, New York
Java Center, New York 2.64 miles SW
Gainesville, New York 7.94 miles SE
North Java, New York (map) | (585) 457-9644
Sites: 100 | Latest Rate: $75.00 | 19 Reviews
|Clean Restrooms:
|Clean Showers:
Jun 2014 - $75.00
This is a fun, kid oriented park. The water park is pretty cool, and the beach is a legit SAND beach (been here 2 days, I must've made about 47 sand castles already). I have found the staff to be very friendly, helpful, and just downright chipper! This is a well-kept park and its quite popular in the summer. If it's not at 100% capacity it's only a couple sites shy. Lots and lots of cabins, lots of trees though some of the tent areas are in the open. We have a pull-through site (U4). This section is just adjacent to the water park, which is awesome because this place is hilly! Not all sites are but the top half of the park is all on a slope. It wasn't too bad getting level, but bigger rigs may have a some difficulty (my camper is 37'). The roads are gravel, as are the pads for your RV. The park does have golf cart rentals, which are popular, so book in advance. My rating of 8 (8.5 really) could have been a 9 if it weren't for the price of the site and visitors, and the hilly nature of the park. (The hills aren't AWFUL and didn't bother us as it gives some character to the park but others may find it difficult). So if you got kiddos and are looking for a fun kid friendly joint, this place works! - User3768
Jul 2013 - $70.00
There are new owners this year. WiFi did not work except at the top of the hill near the store. Will avoid weekends in future due to overcrowding. This is obviously because park has so much to offer and nothing against staff or park--just a heads up because it is not relaxing and is hard to get in and out of sites on the weekend. Premium sites are obviously easier to maneuver. Top$$$. - jaycoman80
Aug 2012 - $70.00
This park is great for kids, but not so much for adults. The staff was great and helpful. The cost per night for a full hookup is high in my opinion as the sites are not that large. Our Wi-Fi was in and out all 3 days and we were close to the front of the park. We will go back just for the kids, the water park is top of the line and the kids loved it, but if it is just my wife and I we would never come here just to camp. One thing that really bothered us is that they charge ten dollars a person (over age 3, I believe it was) for visitors to come to your site. At 70 dollars a night we found this very high, we had two friends who live close stop in for dinner with their five year old daughter and it cost 30 dollars, they were only here for 2 hours and did not use any of the park's features. - littleb


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