text:
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Journey through Malaysia
This fascinating journey takes us through the jungle landscape of western Malaysia to cosmopolitan Singapore. We walk through tea plantations in the Cameron Highlands, take a riverboat through Taman Negara National Park and admire the towering architecture of the capital Kuala Lumpur. Along the way we explore idyllic Penang and the beaches and tropical rainforests of Tioman Island.
Tour Highlights
- Penang - Wander through the streets of old Georgetown
- Cameron Highlands - Visit a tea factory and plantation in this old colonial hill station
- Taman Negara National Park - Discover the flora and fauna of virgin rainforest by boat and on foot
- Tioman Island - Relax on the tropical beaches of this tiny island with time for relaxing and swimming
- Kuala Lumpur and Singapore - Explore these contrasting cosmopolitan cities
1Join tour in Penang; afternoon walk through Georgetown
2In Penang Island; explore by public bus; free afternoon
3Drive colonial hill station of Cameron Highlands
4In Cameron Highlands, visit tea plantation and local market; free afternoon for walks
5Drive to Kuala Tembeling; take boat along river to Taman Negara National Park
6In Taman Negara, free day to explore jungle
7Drive via Batu caves to Kuala Lumpur; orientation walk
8In Kuala Lumpur, explore city; afternoon excursion to Malacca
9Bus and local ferry to Tioman Island
10On Tioman Island, free day with option for snorkelling
11On Tioman Island, free time; taxis to Singapore; evening option to take night safari
12Tour Ends in Singapore
Tour notes
Each departure date has it's own dedicated tour note, detailing all you need to know about that tour. Whether you've already booked, or weighing up your options, please choose carefully the relevant itinerary for you.
We have the following different versions of the Explore Malaysia tour available at present.
Please select a date:
Customer rating:
Explore Malaysia based on 4 ratings. Read reviews
Explore Malaysia based on 4 ratings. Read reviews
Why Book this tour
Malaysia is one of the least visited in the South East Asian region and this holiday is planned to showcase the diversity of the Malay Peninsula. You will journey form north to south and really experience everything from an ancient Chinatown in Penang to the jungles of Taman Negara to the tropical beaches of Tioman Island. Along the way you will find the people as diverse as the landscape and architecture - ethnic Malay, Thai, Indonesian, Indian, Chinese and Arabic people truly make Malaysia the melting pot of Asian cultures.
|Included meals
TransportBus, Boat, Taxi, Ferry
Accommodation2 nights Comfortable Hotel
9 nights Standard Hotel


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Ravens FB Leach on collision course to stardom
Updated: February 1, 2013, 6:02 AM ETAssociated Press
(Edits photos. With AP Photos. AP Video.)
By DAVID GINSBURG
AP Sports Writer
NEW ORLEANS -- Vonta Leach's job is to get involved in a collision so Ray Rice won't.
The Baltimore Ravens are in the Super Bowl in part because of Leach's ability to pave a path for Rice to follow. If that involves sticking his helmet into the chest of a 300-pound defensive lineman, then so be it.
"It's just my job," said Leach, a three-time Pro Bowl fullback. "Everybody's got to do their ...
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Stores »
So cute for working dog-lovers!
Just what your desk needs…the kitchen sink! Drip Clips dangle magnetically from their little faucet in a splashy, random fashion until you need them.
We are a community of shoppers sharing our best finds from across the web.
© 2015 ThisNext, Inc. ThisNext is a member of BUZZMEDIA Entertainment, a division of BUZZMEDIA.
Create your own free digital magazine at our new site Glossi.com


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Raanjhanaa is a 2013 Indian romantic drama film, directed by Anand L. Rai and written by Himanshu Sharma.
The film is produced by Krishika Lulla under the banner Eros International and written by Himanshu Sharma. Wikipedia
Initial release: June 21, 2013 (India, United Kingdom)
Director: Aanand Rai
Music composed by: A. R. Rahman
Producer: Krishika Lulla
Screenplay: Himanshu Sharma


text: http://forums.androidcentral.com – I notice it is hard to detect the screen on note 2. I would like to use the swipe on screen edge function on certain app like switchapps to switch between apps. But it is hard to make note 2 detect while swiping the phone edge. anyone know how or any solution to make swipe on screen edge works? (HowTos)


text:
Why is The Aristocats rated G?
Official MPAA Rating: The Aristocats is rated G for
Violence: Slapstick antics are used throughout, and violent depictions are portrayed humorously. Dogs chase a man on a motorbike and later bite him. A car chase causes property damage and dangerous situations. A basket of cats is tossed into a ditch. Characters are in peril from a speeding train and a near drowning. Character are kidnapped, trapped and threatened with farm implements. A character is locked in a trunk and shipped to a distant city.
Sexual Content: A man's pants fall down and his underwear is exposed. Characters' mistaken marital status is called scandalous. Cats cuddle and hold tails.
Language: A mild French expletive is uttered. Female characters are referred to as a dame or chicks.
Alcohol / Drug Use: Drinking champagne is mentioned. Characters are secretly given sleeping pills. A goose is depicted as drunken. A man drinks alcohol.
Other: The movie includes some politically incorrect cultural depictions.


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Verbund rejects capital call for Italy's Sorgenia
VIENNA/MILAN, Feb 3 (Reuters) – Austria's Verbund
has rejected its partly owned Sorgenia unit's call for funds,
jeopardising the chances that talks with creditor banks on a
debt standstill will succeed.
The loss-making Italian energy company, controlled by
holding company CIR, is trying to negotiate freezing
repayments on almost 1.8 billion euros ($2.4 billion) of debt
until June.
Austria paves way for Slim Telekom Austria takeover
VIENNA (Reuters) – Austria is open to Carlos Slim's America Movil (AMXL.MX: Quote, Profile, Research, Stock Buzz) taking a majority stake in Telekom Austria (TELA.VI: Quote, Profile, Research, Stock Buzz), the head of the state holding company said, paving the way for a long-awaited move by the billionaire investor.
Rudolf Kemler said it was a "secondary question" whether Slim, who is keen to reduce his dependence on the increasingly regulated Mexican market, bought a majority of Telekom Austria as long as the Austrian government kept at least 25 percent.
Austrian Foreign Minister Kurz to push EU-Balkan ties
VIENNA (Reuters) – Austria's new Foreign Minister Sebastian Kurz will champion European Union membership for qualifying Balkan countries when he meets EU counterparts next week, he told Reuters on Friday.
It will be the first formal meeting of EU foreign ministers for Kurz, just 27 and a rising star in the People's Party who got the top foreign policy job last month in a cabinet reshuffle after September elections.
Carlos Slim consolidates stakes in Telekom Austria
VIENNA, Jan 16 (Reuters) – Mexican telecoms tycoon Carlos
Slim has agreed to consolidate his company and family stakes in
Telekom Austria, clarifying his position in the eyes
of regulators that monitor when stakeholdings become large
enough to trigger takeover bids.
Slim's America Movil will own 26.8 percent of
Telekom Austria after buying a 3.14 percent stake from a family
foundation, enough to veto big decisions at the Austrian firm
but below the 30-percent mandatory takeover offer threshold.
Emerging Europe central banks shrug off tapering fears
VIENNA, Jan 15 (Reuters) – Emerging European countries are
casting a wary eye on capital flows as the United States starts
to unwind stimulus but see no urgent need to adjust monetary
policy, central bankers from the region said on Wednesday.
Expectations that the U.S. Federal Reserve would begin to
scale back – or "taper" – extraordinary economic stimulus first
hit markets in May, prompting many investors to pull funds out
of emerging markets seen as risky.
Removal of chemical weapons from Syria delayed: watchdog
VIENNA (Reuters) – The removal of deadly toxins from Syria under an international effort to rid the nation of its chemical arsenal will likely miss a December 31 deadline, the global chemical arms watchdog said.
Bad weather and shifting battlefronts in Syria's civil war have delayed the delivery of essential supplies to sites where the toxins are being prepared to be sent to Latakia port, the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) said.
Vienna Philharmonic revokes honors to Nazis
VIENNA (Reuters) – The famed Vienna Philharmonic orchestra has revoked awards it made during Hitler's rule to six leading Nazis, as it quietly responds to criticism of the way it has dealt with its past.
The symbolic move, decided in October but not publicly announced, follows the Philharmonic's publication earlier this year of details of its conduct during the Nazi era, which it revealed for the first time.
Carlyle ventures into Europe's ailing refining sector
VIENNA (Reuters) – Private equity giant Carlyle Group (CG.O: Quote, Profile, Research, Stock Buzz) made a surprise foray into Europe's struggling refining sector by teaming up with Swiss trading house Vitol VITOLV.UL to co-own refining, storage and distribution assets in Switzerland and Germany.
Carlyle, which has $185 billion globally under management, and Vitol, the world's largest oil trader, launched on Thursday a 50/50 venture Varo Energy, which bought 45 percent in Germany's 260,000 barrels per day Bayernoil refinery from Austrian group OMV (OMVV.VI: Quote, Profile, Research, Stock Buzz).
Austria's Freedom aims to enlarge Eurosceptic bloc
VIENNA (Reuters) – A core of six Eurosceptic parties is aiming to win over another four right-wing parties to create a new political group in the EU parliament, the leader of Austria's Freedom Party said.
In the run up to May's EU-wide elections to the parliament, momentum is building to create a grouping of nationalist parties which would entitle members to more office space and support staff as well as EU funds for meetings and publicity.
Austrian govt accord boosts bank levy surcharge-sources
VIENNA, Dec 12 (Reuters) – The coalition accord struck by
Austria's two big parties on Thursday calls for increasing a
bank levy surcharge that the country imposed last year, two
sources familiar with the agreement said.
Austria launched a special bank levy in 2011 to help recoup
costs of propping up the sector during the financial crisis. The
underlying levy, originally supposed to last until 2017, raises
around 500 million euros ($690 million) a year.


text:
Originally written on IT IS HIGH, IT IS FAR, IT IS caught | Last updated 8/13/12
Some of you top baseball insiders have probably heard about the incredible mental and physical regime that Yankee 3B Eric Chavez undergoes during games in order to keep his frail, injury-prone body from deteriorating. It rivals the intellectual gymnastics that Alphonso maintains on a daily basis in order to keep up his finely honed bloggery.Did you know that on the day of a Yankee game...Prior to the event, Chavez denies himself food, water, intercourse and sleep for 12 hours, while wearing a suit made entirely of aluminum foil. He assumes a zen-like position and continually moves his frame in a steady angular fashion, never changing the routine. He does this outside of the stadium in front of a sign that says, Rudy the Mechanical Man. He generally supplements his income to the tune of $35 per day.During games, Chavez must constantly keep his body at a temperature of 85 degrees (F). Between innings, he packs himself in salted ice, breathing oxygen through a hose, with an I.V. that r...
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Prices and availability are subject to change from the time and date that you print this page.
7/5/2015 2:07:14 AM. For Customer Service, please call 800.606.6252
Pickup Check store pickup options
evergreens. No green thumb required. Tall spiky faux bundle enhances fresh arrangements or thrives green on its own year-round.
Details and Dimensions
artificial grass bunch. 34"H
- Modern decorative botanical
- Made in China
Overall DimensionsHeight: 34"
Return/Exchange Policy
At CB2, we stand behind the quality of our products and want every purchase to be a positive experience. We will do our best to make things right if you are not satisfied.
non-furniture items
We will accept returns and exchanges of non-furniture items if they are returned within 90 days of customer receipt, a valid proof of purchase is provided, and items are returned in good condition (unused and unwashed).
stock furniture, rugs and rug pads
If you are not satisfied with your Stock furniture, rug or rug pad purchase, you must contact us within 7 days of delivery or pickup to arrange a return. The item must be returned within 30 days of delivery or pickup. The item will be inspected upon return, and a refund amount will be determined based on its condition. For furniture orders placed online, please call us at 800.606.6252. For orders placed through a store, please contact the store where the sale originated.
special order upholstery
We require a 50% deposit for all Special Order upholstery. This deposit is nonrefundable after a 72-hour change/cancellation window. These items are made to your specifications and cannot be returned or exchanged.
our designers recommend
beehive glass vase$9.99reg. $14.95free shipping eligible
cylinder vase$21.95free shipping eligible
white artificial allium flower stems$4.95 - $7.95free shipping eligible
spin glossy vase$89.95free shipping eligible
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cambric blue vase$29.95free shipping eligible
ai large bud vase$8.95free shipping eligible
facet vase$24.95free shipping eligible
puckr tall copper vase$39.95free shipping eligible
seraph wall hanging$169.00free shipping eligible
ansa white vase$49.95free shipping eligible


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You can now invite anyone to meet at your favorite Starbucks.
Limited-time feature
29 year old woman | San Diego, CA, USA | Seeking men 29-35 within 50 miles of Surprise, AZ
Active within 24 hours
Pleased to meet you
Hey.....I'm just a hardworking and well educated small town girl. I'm not into drama. I enjoy a meaningful conversation and the little things in life. The big, fancy things are cool too. My faith is very important to me, life is chaotic and unfulfilling without it. At this point in my life I'm looking for a structured relationship. I'm looking for someone honest and real. PS: Huge sports fan (especially anything Wisconsin, and could be persuaded to cheer for "your" NHL team).
Alumni connections , Camping , Coffee and conversation , Business networking , Cooking , Dining out , Gardening/Landscaping , Hobbies and crafts , Movies/Videos , Museums and art , Music and concerts , Exploring new areas , Nightclubs/Dancing , Performing arts , Playing cards , Playing sports , Religion/Spiritual , Shopping/Antiques , Travel/Sightseeing , Volunteering , Watching sports , Wine tasting
Aerobics, Swimming, VolleyBall, Walking / Hiking, Weights / Machines, Yoga
I exercise 3-4 times per week.
I have Cats
I've got a black cat, he plays fetch (yes, I ride a broom and cast spells).
Shea32, StandUpLive Scottsdale...
University of Wisconsin–Stout, Menomonie, WI
Yoga, arts and crafts, animals, aromatherapy, meditation/hypnosis, a good conversation, massages, a good book, mint tea, being a social butterfly, the great outdoors
Yoga, hiking, hiking, hiking, anything outside, sports, the arts, movies, music, networking
Dracula, and some self-improvement books, and some Christian devotionals (no I am not a bible thumper, but I love my Baby J)
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
|What she is looking for
|5'7" (170cms)
|5'10" (177cms) to 6'5" (195cms)
|Body type:
|Athletic and toned
|Slender, About average, Athletic and toned
|Black, Blue, Brown, Grey, Green, Hazel
|Auburn / Red
|Black, Dark brown
|No Way
|Social Drinker
|Social Drinker
|Medical / Dental / Veterinary / Fitness
|Artistic / Creative / Performance, Medical / Dental / Veterinary / Fitness, Self-Employed / Entrepreneur, Education / Teacher / Professor, Technical / Science / Computers / Engineering, Architecture / Interior design
Renal Registered Dietitian (previously an Eating Disorder Dietitian).
|$50,001 to $75,000
|$100,001 to $150,000, $150,001+
|Never Married
|Never Married, Divorced
|Have kids:
|Yes, and they sometimes live at home, No, Yes, and they live away from home, Yes, and they live at home
|Wants kids:
|Definitely, Someday
|White / Caucasian
|Black / African descent, East Indian, Latino / Hispanic, Middle Eastern, Native American, White / Caucasian
German and Irish...and a bit bohemian
|Christian / Protestant
|Buddhist / Taoist, Christian / Catholic, Christian / Protestant, Hindu, Jewish, Spiritual but not religious, Christian / Other
WELS Lutheran
|Graduate degree
|Bachelors degree, Graduate degree, PhD / Post Doctoral
UW-STOUT (and I wasn't in doubt)


text:
The Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) announced on April 22, 2014, that video relay services (VRS) will now be available in Canada for deaf people who communicate in American Sign Language (ASL) and Langue des signes québécoise (LSQ). Video relay services enable callers to use the services of a sign language interpreter through the Internet. The interpreter interprets spoken English into sign for the deaf caller, and voices into English the signs of the deaf caller.
"Many Canadians who are Deaf, hard of hearing or speech impaired learn American Sign Language or Langue des signes québécoise early in life," Peter Menzies, Vice-Chairman of Telecommunications, and Chairman of the hearing panel.
"In many cases, neither English nor French is their first language. Video relay service will make it possible for them to communicate in sign language with ease, whether it's to make a doctor's appointment, speak to a friend or make any other type of call. At the same time, we are taking the necessary steps to ensure that this service is introduced in an efficient manner and as quickly as possible."
Users will require their own high-speed Internet service and a device connected to the Internet such as a smartphone, tablet, computer, or videophone. Additional services such as call display and voicemail will be billed at rates similar to those charged by other service providers.
An independent administrator will be created to supervise the implementation and provision of video relay services and ensure that the views of users are taken into account during the decision-making process. The CRTC will review the video relay service three years after it has been launched to determine whether the service is efficiently meeting the needs of Canadians.
The CRTC is requiring that VRS become available to deaf, hard of hearing or speech impaired as early as the fall of 2015. The VRS service is offered at no charge, but users must sign up to use it. People who want to use the service can use their own phone number to access VRS. An estimated 20,000 Canadians will be the primary users of VRS.
Deaf Canadians have been lobbying for VRS services for several years. BC VRS has posted a brief video on the struggle to bring VRS services to Canada on YouTube.


text:
However, if asked to bet whether right-wing apoplexy will grow or shrivel, the smart money obviously has to say the former.
At the same time, the smart money has long been on the Muslim Brotherhood.
The new GOP "It Boys" who, despite long odds, are starting to attract the smart money.
"money bet by those in the know," 1926, from smart (adj.). The same phrase earlier meant "money paid to sailors, soldiers, workers, etc., who have been disabled while on the job" (1690s), from a noun derivative of smart (v.). Also "money paid to obtain the discharge of a recruit" (1760), hence "money paid to escape some unpleasant situation" (1818). Sometimes in legal use, "damages in excess of injury done."


text:
MS patches Excel security flaws
updated 06:55 pm EST, Wed March 15, 2006
Excel flaws patched
Microsoft today confirmed that its recent Excel X update and its Office 2004 v11.2.3 updates address five separate security flaws in its Excel spreadsheet software. The Office flaws, reported by Microsoft earlier this week, are dubbed as "high-critical" by security firm Secunia and affect most versions of the Office software suite; however, a sixth "routing slip" vulnerability does not affect Mac users, a Microsoft spokesperson told MacNN. The vulnerabilities may allow execution of arbritary code on a users' systems and could be exploited by malicious people to compromise users' systems -- especially if the users has administrative privileges on the local machine, according to Microsoft's documentation.
"If a user is logged on with administrative user rights, an attacker who successfully exploited this vulnerability could take complete control of an affected system. An attacker could then install programs; view, change, or delete data; or create new accounts with full user rights. Users whose accounts are configured to have fewer user rights on the system could be less affected than users who operate with administrative user rights."
The company recommends that users apply patch or not open files from untrusted sources. Along with the security patches, the Office 2004 v11.2.3 brings new features to Entourage users, such as Spotlight and Sync Services support.
In recent weeks, Apple has come under fire for its own security flaws and this week issued a second security update after reports that the initial security update was inadequate and incomplete (and to address bugs introduced by the previous patch). Yet another iTunes/QuickTime vulnerability was reported earlier this week and has yet to be patched by Apple.


text:
A library for basic 2D affine transformations
A small JS Library for doing affine transformations and (coming soon) other simple transformations
I need for a bigger project.
affine and
polygon are currently the two exports.
For your convenience, this project is stitched into one JS file,
affine.js. The stitched file provides a way of requiring components. Here's an in-browser example:
npm install -g affine
require 'affine' rot_left = MathPI / 4rot_right = -MathPI / 4go_big = 24go_small = 0.50.25 # rightComposing a transform A with another, A' # desctructively replaces A with A'(A) t = rot_leftcopytrightComposeWith rot_righttrightComposeWith go_bigtrightComposeWith go_small square = polygonfactoryunitSquaresquaretransform t # square should be the same, as the 4 affines # cancel each other out. consolelog square
.js and
.json files are auto-generated. Please edit the appropropriate
.coffee files and run
cake build before committing.


text:
Originally written on Waiting For Next Year | Last updated 12/12/12
After seven seasons with the Indians, it appears that Roberto Hernandez (Carmona) will not be back again. After a wild off-season that saw his true identity revealed, and a mostly down 2012 when he finally did appear in some games, Hernandez is reportedly close to signing with the Tampa Bay Rays. #Rays close to signing RHP Roberto Hernandez (former Fausto Carmona). Depth for rotation or pen — Marc Topkin (@TBTimes_Rays) December 12, 2012 Hernandez had some moments with the Tribe and gave fans a spectacular 2007 that he was never able to live up to in subsequent years. He battled control issues despite having pretty spectacular movement the entire time. In the end Hernandez lost 69 times compared to 53 wins in his seven seasons. He started 153 games and pitched nearly 1000 innings. It will be interesting to see what kind of career Hernandez is able to create for himself from this point forward. Will it be in the rotation or will he go back to his roots as a rookie and hit the bullpen? One thing's for sure, it won't be in Cleveland anymore. [Related: Newest Indians pitcher Trevor Bauer in videos]
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text:
School Overview
|School Membership(s)School Assoc.
|National Association of Independent Schools (NAIS)
State or regional independent school association
Southern Association Of Colleges And Schools (SACS)
|Grades Offered
|Grades Prekindergarten - 12
|Year Founded
Student Body
|Total Students
|708 students
|Student Body Type
|% Students of Color
State avg.: 18%
|Students by Grade
Academics and Faculty
|Total Classroom Teachers
|75 teachers
|Student : Teacher Ratio
National avg.: 13:1
|% Faculty w/Advanced Degree
|Number of AP Courses
|16 courses
|Matriculation DataMatric. Data
|Link to Matriculation Data
|Classroom Dress Code
(Uniform Dress Code - Khaki pants/Plaid Skirt)
Finances and Admission
|Admission Deadline
|None / Rolling
|Admissions Director
|Courtney Williamson
|Admissions Associate
|Courtney Williamson
|Total Sports Offered
|16 sports
|Baseball, Basketball, Bowling, Cheering, Cross Country, Football, Golf, Ice Hockey, Soccer, Softball, Swimming, Tennis, Track and Field, Volleyball, Weightlifting, WrestlingBaseball, Basketball,
Bowling, Cheering,
Cross Country, Football,
Golf, Ice Hockey,
Soccer, Softball,
Swimming, Tennis,
Track and Field, Volleyball,
Weightlifting, Wrestling,
Nearby Schools:
- School Location Miles Students Grades
NashvilleThe Oak Hill School
4815 Franklin Pike
Nashville, TN 37220
(615)297-6544(Christian)0.2 mi | 512 students | Gr. PK-6
NashvilleFather Ryan High School
700 Norwood Drive
Nashville, TN 37204
(615)383-4200(Roman Catholic)1 mi | 928 students | Gr. 9-12
NashvilleOur Savior Lutheran Academy
5110 Franklin Pike
Nashville, TN 37220
(615)833-1500(Lutheran Church -- Missouri Synod)1.4 mi | 97 students | Gr. NS-8
NashvilleMontessori Centre
4608 Granny White Pike
Nashville, TN 37220
(615)673-0897Montessori School1.7 mi | 1 students | Gr. KG
NashvilleLipscomb Academy
3901 Granny White Pike
Nashville, TN 37204
(615)966-6409(Church of Christ)2 mi | 1265 students | Gr. PK-12
School Reviews
Area Statistics
Rental Market Monitor
More ArticlesJobs in Private Schools, Opinion, Why Private School, Paying For It, Pre_elementary


text:
Becoming homeless is not something anyone plans. It can happen without warning, caused by a divorce, domestic violence, or a job suddenly lost … like Erika, who came to Crossroads with her daughter, Brittni, on a bitter January night, feeling scared and unsafe. Erika and Brittni, who was seven at the time, were living in a van because they had no place to call home.
Erika is like many of the people who come to Crossroads. By the time they come to us, they have exhausted their access to other sources of help. They are tired, frightened and desperate.
At Crossroads, Erika started to feel hopeful for the first time in a long time. "First, Crossroads made sure we were safe," she says. "We stayed in their temporary housing until our case manager found us an affordable apartment. Then, with their help and support, I began to put my life back together."
After receiving vocational counseling, Erika enrolled in Crossroads' four-month copy and print training program. "It was a lot like going to a job. I came in early on the bus so I could start practicing what I'd learned. Ray Oleaga, my instructor, was fantastic!"
"I am optimistic about my future," adds Erika. "Half of getting somewhere is doing something and trying."
"I'll be moving over the summer! Once I completed the training program with you all and got this job, my father was pretty well convinced that I was serious about making some real changes in my life and has invited me to move into the family home! I'm THRILLED!!!"
Your ongoing support can help more individuals like Erika, a mom determined to provide a sense of normalcy for her daughter, Brittni, who is now bringing home A's and B's from school. That's what your support gives a family or individual at Crossroads – hope for the future and an opportunity for a better life.
Crossroads Rhode Island | 160 Broad Street | Providence RI 02903 | 401.521.2255 | Directions


text:
Registrar's Notes – June 17, 2013
June 17, 2013
2013-2014 Tuition
At the June 12 meeting, the Board of Trustees set tuition for the coming year. The tuition/fees page and the tuition calculator have been updated on the Registrar's Office website to reflect the new rates that will go into effect fall semester.
Fall 2013 tuition invoices will be sent to students the week of August 2.
June Commencement RSVP
There are just a few days left for June 2013 graduates to RSVP for the commencement ceremony. Graduates planning to attend need to reserve their tickets no later than Wednesday, June 19. The RSVP form can be found in GoWMU. Reserved tickets can be picked up in the WMU Bookstore at Textbook Alley.
If available, two additional tickets will be handed out on a first-come, first-served basis beginning at 11 a.m., Friday June 28 at the Miller Auditorium Ticket Office.
Reserved Seating
Reserved seating allows departments to allocate seats to specific populations of students; keeping seats saved for students who need them the most. Detailed information on reserved seating can be found on the Banner Training Website at: https://wmich.edu/sit/training/banner/index.html.
It is the perfect time to add reserved seating to Spring 2014 sections. To do so, please submit the Reserved Seating Worksheet found on the Registrar's Office website under "tools for schedule builders". http://www.wmich.edu/registrar/faculty-staff/builders/index.html
Let me know if you have any questions about reserved seating, or if you would like to explore ways reserved seating can be used in your department to help manage course demand.
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- Friday, August 16—Summer II session ends
- Tuesday, August 20—Final grades due at noon
- Tuesday August 27 to Friday, August 30—Fall Welcome


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Welcome to the home of E.R.A.M: Electronic Remote Accountability Monitoring
ERAM has been developed and patented as a red flag technology utilizing sobriety recognition through different rapid eye techniques in order to identify when an individual may be under the influence. Increased accountability for those struggling with substance abuse and instant tangible results for the case manager allows for an efficient and productive alternative to incarceration.
Thanks for visiting eRam online!


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A technique which enables the use of a low cost non-linear power amplifier to generate a wideband composite signal, such as in cellular mobile telephones (CMTs), personal communication systems (PCSs), and other multi-channel wireless system. A constant envelope signal is generated from a wideband composite signal comprised of a combination of many narrowband modulated signals. The technique involves adding one or more out-of-band artifact signals that accurately offset the amplitude variations of the wideband composite signal. The constant envelope signal is then fed to a high power amplifier, and, prior to radio transmission the amplified signal is filtered to remove the out-of-band artifact signals. As a result, only the desired composite signal having any required envelope variations is provided to the antenna, while at the same time, only a constant envelope signal is fed through the power amplifier.
1. A transmitter for processing signals in a multiple mobile subscriber unit wireless communication system comprising:
wideband digital combiner means, tier combining a plurality, n, of channel signals which are to be transmitted to a plurality of the mobile subscriber units, to produce a wideband composite digital signal, x(t), consisting of the n channel signals spaced apart in frequency, the wideband composite digital signal x(t) having an envelope that varies over time and a predetermined bandwidth;
artifact signal generating means, connected to receive the wideband composite digital signal, for generating an out-of-band artifact digital signal, a(t), which offsets the amplitude variations of the wideband composite digital signal, the artifact digital signal having frequency components that fall in a bandwidth outside of the predetermined bandwidth of the wideband composite digital signal;
summing means, connected to add the wideband composite digital signal x(t) and out-of-band artifact digital signal a(t), to produce a constant envelope digital signal, h(t);
digital-to-analog (D/A) conversion means, connected to receive the constant envelope digital signal, h(t), and to provide a constant envelope analog signal;
upconverter meters, connected to the D/A converter, for upconverting the constant envelope analog signal to a radio frequency (RF) to produce a constant envelope RF signal;
a high power amplifier, connected to receive the constant envelope RF signal, and to provide a power amplified RF signal;
RF filtering means, connected to receive the power amplified RF signal, for filtering components of the power amplified RF signal corresponding to the out-of-band artifact signal, to provide a wideband composite transmit signal; and
an antenna, for receiving the wideband composite transmit signal from the filtering means, and for providing a wide band wireless composite signal to the plurality of mobile subscriber units.
2. A transmitter as in claim 1 additionally comprising:
a plurality of modulation means, connected to receive a plurality of subscriber signals which are to be transmitted to a plurality of mobile subscriber units, for providing the plurality, n, of channel signals to the wideband digital combiner means, each channel signal having a predetermined channel bandwidth.
3. A transmitter as in claim 2 additionally comprising:
time division multiplex means, disposed between the plurality of modulation means and the wideband digital combiner n-leans, for interconnecting any one of the channel signals to the wideband digital combiner means.
4. A transmitter as in claim 1 wherein the RF filtering means comprises:
a first bandpass filter placed in the signal path after the power amplifier, to pass only the desired in-band frequencies containing the channel signals directly to the antenna;
a second bandpass filter place in the signal path after the power amplifier, to pass the out-of-band artifact signals; and
an impedance-matched artifact load, connected to the second bandpass filter, for receiving and terminating the out-of-band artifact signals.
5. A transmitter as in claim 1 wherein the artifact signal generating means comprises:
means for ascertaining the amplitude and phase of a series of samples of the wideband composite digital signal; and
means for determining the amplitude and phase of a series of artifact samples that, when added to the series of samples of the wideband composite digital signal, produces a series of samples having a constant envelope.
6. A transmitter as in claim 5 wherein the means for determining the amplitude and phase of a series of artifact samples produces a series of artifact samples such that the phase difference between successive artifact samples is constant.
7. A transmitter as in claim 5 wherein the means for determining the amplitude and phase of a series of artifact samples produces a series of artifact samples in which each artifact sample comprises a plurality of phasors at different frequencies, all the artifact samples comprising the same number of phasors, the phase difference between respective phasors of successive artifact samples being constant, whereby the artifact digital signal has a constant center frequency.
This invention relates generally to multichannel wireless communication systems, and in particular to a multichannel transmitter which offsets variations in the envelope of a composite transmitted signal by adding out-of-band artificer signals.
The providers of certain multiple-access communications systems, such as wireless cellular mobile telephone (CMT) and personal communication systems (PCS), prefer to employ base station transmitter and receiver equipment that is as flexible as possible in terms of the channel coverage provided by a particular transceiver site. This is true for CMT systems deployed in rural areas, where signal traffic may be concentrated along a roadway, as well as for systems deployed in densely populated areas, where a fixed-in-advanced channel capacity may be inadequate.
Such characteristics are also desirable whenever relatively large, secure, and protective structures are not necessarily available or cost effective. For example, in certain PCS systems as now being proposed, a large number of small coverage areas, or cells, will be necessary. In these PCS system, wireless base station equipment may be deployed in cells as small as 500 feet in diameter.
One way to resolve these difficulties is to implement a base station transceiver using high speed analog-to-digital (A/D) and digital-to-analog (D/A) converters, together with efficient digital filtering algorithms such as the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). In the receiver section, a forward FFT-based filter bank analyzer, or so-called channelizer, separates the incoming signal energy into multiple ones of the desired channels. On the transmit side, an inverse FFT-based filter bank synthesizer, or so-called combiner, outputs a composite frequency-modulated signal representative of the contents of the combined channel signals. In this manner, relatively compact, lightweight, inexpensive, and reliable digital integrated circuits may be used to cover the entire channel capacity offered by the communication service provider.
For a more detailed description of such a system, please refer to a copending U.S. patent application of Carney, R., and Williams, T., entitled "Transceiver Apparatus Employing Wideband FFT Channelizer with Output Sample Timing Adjustment and Inverse FFT Combiner for a Multichannel Communication Network" filed Apr. 8, 1994 and given Ser. No. 08/224,754.
Unlike prior art base stations, such a wideband digital base station is capable of receiving or transmitting on any number of channels at any instant in time. While this provides maximum flexibility and a certain number of other advantages in designing a multichannel wireless communication system, it also poses a number of unique problems.
In particular, consider that the individual signals may use modulation schemes that do not exhibit a constant amplitude envelope, such as amplitude modulation (AM), or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). Even when constant envelope modulation schemes, such as frequency modulation (FM), frequency shift keying (FSK), or phase shift keying (PSK) are used on the individual channel signals, the composite waveform generated by the combiner cannot be guaranteed to exhibit a constant envelope. This is because the composite signal generated is a sum of digital channel signals having non-deterministic phases, and because the channel signals may be activated independently of each other. The composite signal thus does not exhibit a constant amplitude envelope over time, regardless of the modulation used. Rather, at best, the composite signal can be predicted to have a uniformly random phase distribution and a Rayleigh probability density amplitude envelope.
The resulting Rayleigh-distributed envelope has undesirable high peak-to-average power requirements that place demanding linearity and dynamic range requirements on the transmit signal path. These requirements are especially acute for the high-power amplifier component which must typically be placed between the up converter which follows the combiner and the antenna. Because of this phenomenon, for example, a 50 Watt transmit amplifier may actually be required to handle 250 Watt signals for short periods of time. That is, the instantaneous peak power output must typically be about five (5) times the average power output, and the power amplifier design must achieve this with minimal distortion to the individual channel signals and without creation of in-band or out-of-band spurious tones.
While it is possible to design a power amplifier which has sufficient linearity to achieve this result, the amplifier is decidedly more complex in design, less efficient, and more expensive than would otherwise be required.
It would be preferable if the signal to be transmitted had an amplitude envelope with as constant a probability, density as possible. This would then permit a lower cost, non-linear power amplifier to be used. Indeed, if it were possible to allow for absolutely no variations in transmit power, that is, if an exactly constant envelope signal could be provided, then the power amplifier could be designed to run in a saturation region, and simply hard-limit the transmit waveform.
In addition, there should not be any undesirable residue frequencies, or spurious tones, created which would otherwise not be removed prior to signal transmission. Although unused in-band frequencies might be permitted to contain residual signal artifacts by design, it is unlikely that regulatory agencies would approve of the use of such techniques.
Briefly, the invention is a technique to generate a constant envelope signal from a wideband composite signal comprised of a combination of many narrowband modulated signals. The technique involves adding one or more out-of-band artifact signals that accurately offset the amplitude variations of the wideband composite signal, thereby generating a constant envelope signal. The added artifact signals are such that there is little degradation in the quality of the spectral purity of the desired in-band frequencies. The constant envelope signal is then fed to a high power amplifier prior to radio transmission. Before transmission, this amplified signal is filtered to remove the out-of-band artifact signals, so that only the composite signals are provided to the antenna.
More particularly, to generate the set of artifact signals, the invention operates on the complex-valued composite signal output by a wideband digital combiner. One or more artifact signals of the necessary amplitude, phase, and out-of-band frequency are then added to the composite signal, resulting in a signal having a constant envelope characteristic.
To generate these artifact signals from the samples of a complex-valued digital composite signal, an in-phase and quadrature (I and Q) coordinate transform or similar device first determines the instantaneous phase and amplitude of the samples of the composite signal. The phase and amplitude vectors required to impart a constant power envelope to the composite signal are then determined. These artifact vectors are then digitally added to the composite signal.
The invention has several advantages. First, the power amplifier no longer needs to exhibit extreme linearity, or excessive dynamic range characteristics, and can actually be designed to clip to some extent, since the waveform that it amplifies has a constant envelope.
Secondly, the transmit filters placed in the signal path after the power amplifier pass the desired in-band frequencies directly to the transmit antenna, while insuring the out-of-band artifact signals are passed to an impedance-matched dummy load. The residual artifacts created by the envelope-shaping technique thus pass through the power amplifier, but are not passed through the antenna. The signal passing through the power amplifier thus has a constant envelope characteristic, although the signal actually transmitted does not.
For a fuller understanding of the advantages provided by the invention, reference should be had to the following detailed description together with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a wideband digital transceiver that makes use of an out-of-band artifact signal generator according to the invention;
FIG. 2A through 2F arc phasor diagrams illustrating how the artifact generator determines the amplitude and phase of one or more artifact signals;
FIG. 3 is a detailed block diagram of one possible implementation of the artifact generator; and
FIG. 4 is a detailed block diagram of another possible implementation of the artifact generator.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a multichannel wireless digital base station according to the invention. The base station consists of a receiver section 10, a transmitter section 20, and a base station control processor (controller) 40.
The receiver 10 consists of a receive antenna 11, a frequency downconverter 12, an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter 14, digital channelizer 16, a first time division multiplex (TDM) bus 17, a plurality of digital demodulators 18-1,18-2, . . . , 18-m (collectively, demodulators 18), and a transport signal encoder 19.
The transmitter 20 includes a transport signal decoder 21, a plurality of digital modulators 22-1, 22-2, . . . ,22-m, (collectively, modulators 22), a second TDM bus 23, a combiner 24, an out-of-band artifact signal generator 25, an adder 26, a digital-to-analog (D/A) converter 27, a frequency upconverter 28, a power amplifier 28, a pair of diplexed band-pass filters 30-1 and 30-2, and a transmit antenna 32.
In operation, the base station exchanges radio frequency (RF) signals with a number of mobile or portable subscriber terminals (mobiles) 41-1, 41-2 (collectively, mobiles 41). These RF signals typically include voice and/or data channel signals which are modulated onto one or more carrier signals. The base station couples these channel signals to the public switched telephone network (PSTN), such as via a Mobile Telephone Switching Office (MTSO). The particular RF modulation used may be in accordance with any one of a number of different air interface standards, including frequency modulation (FM), as specified by the well known Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS) standard, time division multiple access (TDMA) such as specified by the IS-54B standard, code division multiple access (CMDA) as in the IS-95 standard, or other modulations as those specified by the European Global System Mobile (GSM) standard, personal communication system (PCS) standards, or the like.
The present invention is concerned with a technique for minimizing the peak-to-average variance of a composite signal generated by the transmitter high power amplifier (HPA) 29. However, a brief description of the receiver 10 will assist in understanding the invention.
In operation, RF signals frown the mobiles 41 are received at the receive antenna 11, and forwarded to the wideband downconverter 12. The downconverter 12 translates the center frequency of the RF signals received at the antenna 11 to an intermediate frequency (IF) within the bandwidth of the A/D converter 14. The downconverter 12 may actually use several stages of mixers, amplifiers, and bandpass filters, as is well known in the art.
The downconverter 12 is wideband in the sense that it covers a substantial portion of the bandwidth available to the wireless service provider who is operating the base station. For example, if the air interface implemented by the base station is IS-54B, the downconverter 12 may process as much as a 12.5 MegaHertz (MHz) bandwidth in the 800-900 MHz range. This bandwidth contains a composite signal that may include as many as 416 active channel signals, each having an approximately 30 kilohertz (kHz) bandwidth. Usually, one-half of the channels are reserved for transmitting signals and one-half for receiving. Thus, in the IS-54B example being described, there are typically two-hundred-eight (208) channels processed by the receiver 10 and 208 channels processed by the transmitter 20.
The digital signal output by the A/D converter 14 is then forwarded to the digital channelizer 16. The digital channelizer 16 is essentially a bank of digital filters, which separate the down converted composite signal to a plurality, n, of individual digital channel signals. In the case of the IS-54B example, the digital channelizer 16 can thus be considered to be a bank of 208 digital filters, with each filter having a 30 kHz bandwidth.
The digital channelizer 16 may implement the filter bank using any of several different filtering techniques, such as described in Crochiere, R. E., and Rabiner, L. R., Multirate Digital Signal Processing (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1983), Chapter 7, pp. 289-400. The channelizer 16 may, for example, use a convolutional digital filter 160 followed by a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) 161. A co-pending United States patent application entitled "Transceiver Apparatus Employing Wideband FFT Channelizer with Output Sample Timing Adjustment and Inverse FFT Combiner for a Multichannel Communication Network" filed on Apr. 8, 1994 and given Ser. No. 08/224,754 describes several particular embodiments of the digital channelizer 16 in greater detail.
Regardless of the implementation of the channelizer 16, however, it provides a number, n, of individual digital channel signals, wherein each of these n outputs represents the signal in one of the channels received from one of the mobiles 41.
The digital channel signals at the output of the channelizer 16 are then provided over the time division multiplex (TDM) bus 17 to the plurality of digital demodulators 18. The demodulators 18 are each programmed to remove the modulation on one channel signal, as specified by the air interface standard being implemented. There typically is not a one-to-one correspondence between the number, m, of demodulators 18, and the number, n, of channel signals. For example, the demodulators 18 may each be a digital signal processor (DSP) programmed to process a number, such as 24, of the channel signals at the same time.
The base station controller 40, using the TDM bus 17 and suitable read and write access control signals, manages access by the n individual digital channel outputs to the m demodulators, such as by assigning a time slot to each channel.
The outputs of the demodulators 18 representing the audio and/or data signals originated by the mobiles 41 are then forwarded to the transport encoder 19. The encoder 19 reformats the demodulated signals as telephone signals suitable for transmission to a local Mobile Telephone Switching Office (MTSO). The demodulated signals may be reformatted according to any one of a number of well-known time multiplex telephone signal transport protocols, such as the so-called T1 or E1 span. The encoded signals are then processed by the MTSO in a known fashion, to ultimately complete a connection from the mobile subscriber units 41 to a desired destination, such as another telephone subscriber who is connected to the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN).
To set up each connection, the base station controller 40 must exchange certain control information with the MTSO. For example, a mobile unit 41 wishing to place a call indicates this by signaling the base station on one or more control signal channels.
The base station controller 40 forwards this request for access to the MTSO. Upon receiving an indication from the MTSO that the connection can be made, the base station controller 40 then performs a number of steps, to insure that the appropriate data path through the TDM buses 17 and 23 are enabled to support communication with between the newly enabled mobile 41 and the MTSO.
As mentioned above, the present invention is in the manner in which the transmitter 20 generates out-of-band artifact signals to offset variations in the envelope of a composite signal. Turning attention now to the transmitter 20 in more detail, digitized voice and/or data signals received from a signal source, such as the MTSO, are provided to the transport decoder 21, which removes the transport signal formatting to provide a plurality of channel signals.
The channel signals are then coupled to a number of digital modulators 22-1, 22-2, . . . , 22-m (collectively, modulators 22) that modulate the channel signals according to the desired interface standard. Ultimately, these modulated signals are then each coupled to one of the n inputs of the combiner 24. As was true in the receiver 10, the TDM bus 23 permits any one of the modulators 22 to be connected to any one of the n signal inputs of the combiner 24.
Although each modulator 22 typically processes multiple channel signals, each such channel signal is typically assigned one or more unique time slots on the TDM bus 23.
The digital combiner 24 combines the n channel signals appearing at its inputs to produce a composite digital signal x(t) representing the n channels to be transmitted. In a sense, the function of the combiner 24 is the inverse of the channelizer 16. That is, the combiner 24 generates a composite synthesized signal consisting of the channel signals, evenly spaced apart in frequency.
The digital combiner 24 consists of an inverse FFT 242, and deconvolutional digital filter 241, which provide the composite digital signal x(t). Further details of the operation of the inverse FFT 242 and deconvolutional filter 241 are not necessary here, as they are discussed in detail in the co-pending patent application.
The composite signal x(t) is then processed by the out-of-band artifact signal generator 25, to identify one or more artifact signals, ax (t). These artifact signals are then added to the composite signal, x(t), by the adder 26, to provide an envelope-adjusted composite signal, h(t). The envelope-adjusted signal h(t) is forwarded to the D/A converter 27 and then to the frequency upconverter 28. The upconverter 28 translates the intermediate frequency composite signal to the desired radio frequency bandwidth. For example, in the IS-54 implementation being discussed, this frequency band is in the range of 800 to 900 MHz.
At this point the signal is fed to the high power amplifier 29, which provides a power amplified signal to the diplexed bandpass filters 30-1 and 30-2. The first bandpass filter 30-1 has a passband which passes only the in-band channel signals. The second bandpass filter 30-2 passes the out-of-band artifact signals to the impedance-matched artifact load 31. The diplexed transmit filters 30 thus pass the desired in-band transmit frequencies directly to the transmit antenna 32, while insuring that all out-of-band artifact signals are passed directly to the impedance-matched artifact load 31. As a result, the desired channel signals are passed through the power amplifier with the desired constant envelope characteristic, while the waveform transmitted by the antenna 32 does not have the constant waveform, but only the actually desired modulation since the out-of-band artifacts are split off before they reach the transmit antenna 32.
The out-of-band artifact signal generator 25 generates one or more out-of-band artifact signals, ax (t), which together have a net phase and amplitude to accurately offset the envelope variations of the in-band composite waveform x(t). To understand the operation of the artifact signal generator 25 in more detail, consider that the in-band composite signal, x(t), output by the combiner 24 is comprised of n narrowband signals, each of which can be represented by a complex sinusoid having an associated amplitude, Ai, and phase, φi. The n individual baseband channel signals at the input to the combiner 25 can thus be expressed as:
Channel 1: A1 cos [φ1 (t)]
Channel 2: A2 cos [φ2 (t)]
Channel n: An cos [φn (t)]
and the composite waveform, x(t), as: ##EQU1## where Ai and φi are the amplitude and phase, respectively, of the channel signal number i, and ωi is the center frequency of the channel assigned to signal i.
Turning attention to FIG. 2A, there is shown a complex-plane representation of the individual signal phasors, A1, A2, . . . , An. The circle 50 represents the unit circle. FIG. 2B illustrates a vector addition of the n carrier phasors, and FIG. 2C illustrates the resulting and composite signal x(t). This wideband composite signal x(t) does not exhibit a constant envelope over time. Instead, this signal has a uniformly random phase and a Rayleigh amplitude probability density.
FIGS. 2D, 2E, and 2F illustrate exemplary samples x(0), x(1), and x(2) of the composite signal x(t) taken at time 0, time 1 and time 2, respectively. As is evident from these figures, the composite signal x(t) exhibits amplitude modulation over time although the discrete signals which comprise the composite waveform may have no amplitude modulation individually.
An artifact phasor, a(t) is necessary to provide a vector sum to the composite transmit waveform x(t) such that the resultant signal h(t), that is, the signal to be applied to the high power amplifier 29, has a constant amplitude envelope. All of the components of the artifact phasor a(t) must be out-of-band in frequency and will vary considerably in amplitude. The artifact phasor a(t) must also advance in phase with each time sample to remain out-of-band in frequency while simultaneously placing the composite phasor sum to a constant value, as represented by the unit circle 50.
Such a situation is illustrated in FIG. 2D. The required artifact vector, a(0), is analogous to a complex-valued digital signal sample such that when added to the in-band composite signal sample, x(0), the result is a third complex-valued sample h(0), that has an amplitude equal to the amplitude of the unit circle 50.
Similarly, artifact vectors a(1) and a(2) are added to signal samples x(1) and x(2), to produce h(1) and h(2), also with amplitudes on the unit circle 50.
The net phase of the artifact vectors must also advance from sample to sample. As shown in FIG. 2D and subsequent-in-time FIGS. 2E and 2F, there is a differential phase component which must be added to subsequent artifact vectors a(1), a(2), . . . , to insure that the overall artifact signal a(t) exhibits the desired out-of-band frequency characteristic.
In other words, the frequency of the artifact signal a(t) must be controlled. Ideally, its frequency remains outside of the transmit frequency band, but inside of the Nyquist sampling bandwidth of the D/A converter 27 (FIG. 1).
At certain points in time, however, the artifact signal a(t) may itself be comprised of two or more out-of-band phasors whose net or sum is equal to the desired value of the artifact phasor a(t). For example, assume that the composite signal x(t) has a 5 MHz bandwidth consisting of signal energy ranging from 2.5 to 7.5 MHz (baseband), and that x(t) is sampled at a 20 MHz sampling rate. In that instance, the artifact phasor or phasors must be placed out-of-band, between DC and 2.5 MHz or between 7.5 and 10 MHz, to both avoid aliasing as well as interference with the in-band signals.
In practice, it is desirable for the out-of-band artifact signal a(t) to only include frequencies as close as possible to DC or 10 MHz, as such components will be easier to remove by the diplexed bandpass filters 30. In other words, the rolloff of the bandpass filters 30 (FIG. 1) need not be as sharp if the artifact frequencies are so selected.
The required phase calculation for each artifact vector is thus straightforward, since a fixed phase advance for each contiguous time sample results in a fixed artifact frequency product. For example, if it is desired to create an artifact phasor at a 9 MHz frequency, assuming that the sampling rate from the combiner 24 is the aforementioned 20 MHz, the artifact phasor must advance exactly ##EQU2##
or 162� for each sample. Similarly, a 1 MHz artifact phasor will advance 18� from sample to sample.
This phase calculation is thus done in advance, typically via a simple look-up table, once the desired frequencies of the out-of-band artifacts have been determined.
The artifact amplitude calculation is also straightforward. Given that an artifact phase is determined by knowing the sample index, then the artifact amplitude is determined by simple vector subtraction, as shown in FIG. 2D. The amplitude and phase of the composite signal at t=0 is already known--the advancing phase of the artifact phasor defines a direction of the artifact signal a(t). In the example illustrated in FIG. 2D, it will be assumed that the artifact phasor being constructed. A1 (t), is a 1 MHz artifact phasor. Thus the unit circle 50 defines the desired amplitude of the vector sum of the composite x(0) and artifact a(0) phasors. Thus, with the only known being the amplitude of the artifact phasor a(0), it may be solved for by vector subtraction.
If the unit circle 50 is not in line with the direction of the artifact phasor a1 (0), then a second artifact phasor, a2 (t), at a different frequency is used, such as at 9 MHz, so that the net sum of the two artifact phasors a1 (0) and a2 (0) is on the unit circle 50. The net sum of the two artifact phasors a1 (0) and a2 (0) are then used as the sample, a(0) of the artifact signal.
FIG. 3 illustrates one possible hardware implementation for the artifact signal generator 25, consisting of a half band filter 60, a time delay 61, a digital adder 62, a coordinate transform 63, an artifact vector generator 64, and a second half band filter 65.
In operation, the artifact generator 25 accepts the composite signal x(t) in the form of complex valued in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) samples. The samples are fed along two paths as shown. In the upper path, the samples are first subjected to a complex-to-real value conversion, by a process of digital interpolation and upconversion by the haltband filter 60, in a manner that is known in the art. The complex I and Q samples are thus transformed to a real-valued samples at twice the input rate.
The time delay unit 61 is then used to apply a compensating delay of (L-N) samples, to time-align the upper path samples with the lower path samples. The real-valued upper path samples are then summed with the lower path artifact samples using the digital adder 62 (adder 26 of FIG. 1). The resulting data is then applied to the D/A converter 27.
In the lower path, the complex valued samples are processed to determine the required artifact signal. First, a coordinate transform 63 changes the samples from I and Q form to amplitude and phase form. Following that conversion, the artifact generator 64 calculates the out-of-band artifact vector(s) as described above in connection with FIGS. 2D through 2F. This function may be implemented using a field programmable gate array or other programmable digital device. The complex artifact signal samples are then transformed to a real-valued signal using the second halfband filter 65.
FIG. 4 shows a slightly different embodiment of the artifact signal generator 25 and adder 26. A time delay unit 70 performs the same function as the time delay unit 61 (FIG. 3); a coordinate transform 72 performs the same function as coordinate transform 63 (FIG. 3); and an artifact generator 73 performs the same function as the artifact generator 64 (FIG. 3). In this arrangement, the complex-valued I and Q samples of the composite signal x(t) are first summed with the complex artifact signals using a complex digital adder 71. The result of this addition then undergoes conversion to a real intermediate frequency using a halfband filter 74.
It can thus now be understood how a wideband waveform comprised of multiple narrowband signals which does not exhibit a constant envelope over time may be transmitted using a low cost, non-linear power amplifier 29. This is accomplished through the addition of one or more out-of band artifact signals a(t) having the necessary net phase and amplitude characteristics to accurately offset the variations of the composite waveform x(t) to bring it to a relatively constant amplitude envelope signal, h(t). Any undesirable artifact frequencies falling out-of-band are removed through filter 30-2 at the output of the power amplifier. The in-band frequencies arc passed to the transmit antenna 32 when the out-of-band frequencies are transmitted to the impedance-matched artifact load 31. As a result, any residual artifacts created by the envelope shaping technique pass through the power amplifier 29 and to the artifact dummy load 31.
While we have shown and described several embodiments in accordance with the present invention, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited thereto, but is susceptible to numerous changes and modifications as known to a person skilled in the art, and we therefore do not wish to be limited to the details shown and described herein but intend to cover all such changes and modifications as are obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art.
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Historical Traveler Reviews Hotel Ca' Formenta Venice
A hotel that opened their arms and heart!
Fantastic, Warm, Welcoming, staff, setting and hotel. Not too far and not too close which gave permission for a traveler to enjoy and reflect, how very perfect! The staff was so helpful that we considered them almost like family! Infact, after leaving we stayed a week with my family in Sicily and as a gift to thank my family, we arranged for them to stay at Hotel Ca Formenta. My family in Sicily is so very special and the gift of Hotel Ca Formenta was special ~ a perfect match! Thank you to all staff and especially Marco and the wonderful person that set Breakfast up every morning!
Lovely Hotel
We recently stayed at Hotel Ca Formenta and I am pleased to agree with the other reviewers. We had a lovely clean well furnished room. The breakfast was a good start to the day and the staff were very friendly. The other reviews will tell you that it is in a convenient location which is very true. One thing we did make use of and that was a free water taxi from the hotel to the island of Murano. It takes you directly to the famous glass works where you can see stage by stage the way they make the chandeliers etc and the showrooms are amazing. Obviously for providing the taxi they would like you to buy something and they do tend to follow you around. We had a look round Murano and I did return to buy a little something before we were provided with a water taxi back to the hotel. A very good four night break in Venice.
Good location - nice hotel
We booked this hotel through Expedia based on their review and those from this site. We arrived on the Friday evening and left early afternoon on the Monday. The location was excellent, as we could get the Alilaguna (water bus) from the airport to the Arsenale stop which was only 2 mins from the hotel. We could also get the No 1 water bus from the same stop which took us all the way down the Grand Canal or to Lido Island. San Marco was indeed only a 10 minute stroll (but a good 40 minute queue to get into the Basilica!) A slight down-side to our stay was that we had a ground floor room (301), which because of all the marble floors etc, meant that we did hear some noise when the staff were setting up breakfast early in the morning. Having said that, it did stop us sleeping in too late and missing valuable time seeing the wonderful sights of Venice. The room was very clean and well furnished, with an excellent maid service. If I was being picky, I could say that the room was a little bit tight for space, but as we wern't planning on spending too much time in the room, it didn't really matter. I would certainly recommend this hotel - the staff were all very nice and it is a very good base to explore from.
Very pleasant stay
We booked a room at this hotel, site unseen, based on other Trip Advisor reviews. It turned out to be a good choice. The hotel was situated right on the grand canal and convenient to most places. Best of all (and unlike other hotels we stayed at in Italy) the room was dark and quiet, with comfortable beds. I would definitely stay there again.
2 vaporetto stations from San Marco
A fine hotel. Rooms with view on the lagon. We slept in room 106, first floor with 2 windows. No bath but private shower. Very quiet. About 15 minutes walking to San Marco or 5 minutes by vaporetto (2 stations).
You should buy a ticket for 3 days vaporetto (Alilaguna not included) : 22 euros.
When you arrive at Venezia Airport, you need to take a shuttle (3 minutes), then a vaporetto named "Alilaguna" that drives you to Arsenal station (1 hour, 10 euros=about 12$). The hotel is about 2 minutes walking from that station Arsenal. If you want to take a water-taxi, that's MUCH more expensive. In that case, find friends (max 8 or 16) in rthe airport and share the taxi all together.
No restaurant in the hotel. The breakfast is fine (ham, cheese). There are 2 typic restaurants via Garibaldi near the hotel (5 minutes walking) where we had great supper : Giorgone and Osteria all'ombra.
You need to reserve 1 or 2 days before.
The staff is very helpful. If you arrive late in the evening or by night, someone will welcome you.
The hotel is a little expensive but fine.
Nice hotel, away from the crowds
Nice hotel. Near a vaporetti stop. Quiet. Good breakfast. Clean room.
No problems, just an easy, pleasant stay.
A Venetian Jewel
A great little hotel (only 14 rooms and 2 storeys)with a warm welcoming and very friendly staff. Although officially a 3 star but definitely more like a four star. Rooms very clean, nicely decorated and with good facilities (especially the walk in shower) A great position - away from the hustle bustle but a relaxing 10 minute walk from St.Mark's Square.
Avail yourself of the appetizing breakfast before setting off on the day's explorations. Try and visit during Carnivale as some of the sights and costumes are amazing and St Mark's Square bustles with concerts and entertainers. If Venice Revisited then I would stay at the CA'Formenta again.
Lagoon View, Few Tourists, Local Eateries, 8-Minute Stroll To San Marco
We stayed six nights in a Lagoon View room at this friendly, fourteen bedroom hotel in mid October 2003 and three star it definitely was not - much more like a four star establishment !!! In fact, while talking to Marco (the Manager) we learned that the Formentas sister hotel (Panorama which overlooks an Esso filling station and waterbus stop (very romantic) and is rated as a four star Hotel on the luxurious, celebrity infested Lido) is not of such a high specification as the Formenta. The blurb on Formentas website says that it has just been refurbished - this is not strictly true - the ancient building which the hotel uses, has been refurbished and this is because the hotel is actually almost brand new and has only been open for about a year. Just because the hotel is new - dont get the idea that everything is stainless steel and plastic - because it is not. The hotel has been furnished with a great and traditional Venetian flair - with sympathetic furnishings and famous Murano glass covered lighting. The hotel has all the mod cons hidden away most effectively - even a well stocked mini-bar in the room at non rip-off prices (i.e. bottle of beer at 2 Euros) - Full air-conditioning throughout the hotel - Satellite TV in the room (great for BBC World and CNN in English for our morning news, as all Newspapers are a day in arrears). Because the Formenta does not have its own Ristorante (and therefore only gets its three stars) we were more than happy to explore the surrounding eateries which are all frequented by local Venetians and highly recommended by Formentas caring and attentive small group of friendly staff. However, the Formentas breakfast gives a really broad choice from a choice of breads and pastries, cold meats and cheeses, p�t�s, cereals, yoghurts, fresh fruit (but avoid the Italian fruit juices). The location of this hotel gave us the best of both worlds - far enough away from the madding crowds, which plague every square foot of San Marco - but near enough to stroll the eight minutes (over seven bridges) down the famous Riva degli Schiavoni which is the main, wide, popular tourist drag, which runs along the front of the Castello, overlooking the Lagoon. There are plenty of local sites in the Castello well worth visiting, from the impressive architecture surrounding the Arsenale (naval dockyard), the Public Gardens, including the San Pietro Basilica (Venices Cathedral prior to San Marco) with its leaning Campanile, and the various Emergency Services (Hospitals, Fire Brigade, Police, Army and Navy) who rush around in high powered speed boats leaving Gondoliers weeping in their fast wakes.In conclusion, the Formenta is only two bridges away from the main all routes (including the Airport Alilaguna) waterbus stop at Arsenale, or a brief stroll from the Giardini waterbus stop. The relatively inexpensive, local eateries are full of Venetians. There are Supermarkets, Delicatessens, Greengrocers and Bakeries all nearby for supplies (and unique souvenirs). A short stroll away from San Marco to experience the glitz and 9 euro cups of coffee during the day and live evening classical performances around the thankfully pigeon-free square (as they go to roost at night).
Great place...friendly staff
The Hotel Ca Formenta is listed at a 3 star hotel, but felt more like a 4 star hotel with 5 star service. The rooms were remodeled, so our room felt new and luxurous. Our room had access to a balcony where you can enjoy sitting outside eating breakfast while absorbing the beauty city of Venice. The staff is first rate. Everyone we encountered was extremely nice and friendly. It's always nice to walk into your hotel greeted with a friendly smile. The hotel is located one stop past San Marco Square on the water bus. The location is very good. It's a good 10 minute walk to San Marco Square, but far enough so it's quiet and peaceful throughout the day. Don't take a water taxi (as recommended on their website). Catch the water bus. It'll save you over 35 Euros (depending on how many are in your party). What's the rush anyway...you're in Venice.
Great hotel, kind people
This 3 star hotel is new and its location just one stop off san marco square is ideal. The views from infront of the hotel,on the main water way, look toward all the beautiful domes and towers that you just can't see if you are staying right around san marco. Breakfasts were very good and the people could not have been kinder. For three men on a vacation from work it could not have been better. Special thanks to Marco and Roberta.
TripAdvisor Reviews Hotel Ca' Formenta Venice
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I've got $1,200 and I want to build a gaming computer. If that amount isn't enough for the outline I've written below I can easily wait a couple of weeks and add several hundred dollars to the budget.
What I'm looking to use the computer for is primarily mmo's. I want to be able to turn graphics to full on most things I play in the next several years. (I know it wont be possible on everything.) GW2 I want to be able to turn to full graphics for certain. I may also play some more graphicly intensive single player games in the future (Elder Scrolls, etc) and I'd like to have graphics on those things set to max if possible.
If anyone can help me put together a parts list in this budget I'd greatly appreciate it. Here's the basic outline of what I'm shopping for:
-----Case (With minimum of 2 expansion bays, partial transparency so I can rig LEDs inside)
As for peripherals all I need right now is a surge protector, and that can be tacked on top of the $1,200.
Also while I'm at it, I do plan on buying a monitor in the next few weeks. I don't really understand the differences between monitors. Will I be okay buying one of the $300 27" monitors listed at http://www.squidoo.com/gaming-monitors?
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Elite Member
Joined: 12/19/10
To answer some of your questions:
650W would be enough for a nice GPU (basically any save the dual-GPU models), any CPU, and probably upwards 10 HD's (SSDs are less than 5W each, standard HD's less than 20W peak and closer to 10W average - with most drives coming in well below these numbers, but going heavy on it makes for good thumbrules when sizing up a power supply).
Most CPU/Heatsinks will come with a small bit of rather generic thermal paste. The difference between the generic stuff, and the premium stuff (something like Arctic Silver), and toothpaste is basically 1-2F total. You don't need the premium stuff unless you looking to do some on-the-edge extreme overclocking where every degree counts.
Most CPU's do not come with a heatsink (OEM or Bulk), or if they do (retail box) come with a rather poor one. I would plan on going ahead and buying a new one. You don't need anything fancy really - a ~$30 decent heat pipe air cooler will perform well on up to moderate overclocks.
I have never had any problems installing Windows 7 based on the amount of RAM installed. RAM is usually dual channel (and depending on the motherboard, occasionally 3 or 4 channel) - you always want your memory to be in multiples of this, meaning that is also how many slots you'd need to keep free for future upgrades, if that's what your considering. RAM is so cheap today, and so underutilized in a typical computer, that there really isn't much reason to not go ahead and fill your sockets.
For factory overclocked video cards - for the overclock, generally, no it isn't worth it. Factory overclocks are typically pretty mild. For the most part that is something you can do yourself with a software utility for free. However, there are a couple of other reasons to consider one. The first is that factory OC'ed cards usually come with better slot coolers, and often beefier power circuitry. They also typically get cherry-picked GPU dies which lend themselves better to OCing, and can often be OCed even further than the factory clock rates. In general, if it's the same price, or you require the specific cooler that comes with the card, then go ahead. But in general I advise against spending extra money on a factory overclock.
Most motherboards have built-in sound cards, and most have digital output (often TOSLINK). If you are an audiophile, and your 1kW sound system is very accurate, you may want to get a discrete card just for better sound quality. Onboard sound is usually pretty decent for video games, but if your trying to listen to uncompressed audio or something high fidelity it's something you can notice a difference with. Good advice for this is try the onboard sound, since it's there anyway, and if you want something better, you can add in a discrete card later without much trouble.
Most quality cases will come with fans pre-installed in the correct locations. For the most part, you just need a modest (80mm or better) inlet in the front, and another in the rear, and that provides adequate cooling for most builds. The more the merrier though - it basically comes up to your tolerance for noise, and maybe some other factors (video card selection has a big impact on this).
Video capture - plan on using an additional device, either your PCI card or something similar. This isn't a very common option.
Motherboards typically have one ethernet port, many have two.
All in all shouldn't be too hard to do on $1,200. I'll leave that part up to people who like shopping.
Thanks for the reply, you knocked out all of my questions pretty quick there. I edited the OP to get rid of the questions and make it more simple to read.
I've been doing some researching and shopping around and so far the closest build I've been able to find for my budget comes from http://www.mmorpg.com/discussion2.cfm/thread/363510/Need-help-building-a-gaming-desktop-.html
That thread is a month old though, some of the links have died, and I know hardware advances fast enough that there are probably better options out there by now. So again, if anyone would be kind enough to help me put together a more up-to-date parts list I would really appreciate it.
Elite Member
Joined: 12/19/10
My normal take on monitors:
Don't believe any marketing hype or go off spec sheets. If at all possible go out and look at one (even if you just buy the same model online later). Almost all the "specs" are totally made up, because there is no standard for measureing a lot of that. Something as simple as Pixel Response time gets totally trashed into a meaningless number when it can be anywhere form 2ms to 15ms depending on what color you start with and how you measure it (This post goes into excruciating detail about something that seems so simple a concept: http://www.xbitlabs.com/articles/monitors/display/response.html - although the actual monitors they measure are no longer relevant).
Every eye is different, and what looks good to one person may be totally unacceptable to another. Each monitor type, style, and technology all have different strengths and weaknesses - some have faster response, some have better viewing angles, some have richer colors, some have better contrast - but no single one is superior in every aspect. What looks good to you is what is ultimately the only important factor, and the only way you are going to know that is to go down and look at them. Or at the very least, you can get an impression about what the different technology types bring to the table and what you tend to prefer.
Thanks for the info about monitors. I'll probably go check out what they've got in places like Best Buy here pretty soon and see what I like.
Using that other thread and a bit of shopping I've put together a partial list:
-----Power Supply
All I'm missing now (I think) is these four items:
Originally posted by InfusedEMP
You can save a few dollars by getting a different optical drive:
Shipping costs are real costs, too, and promo codes are nice.
The 750 W version of that power supply is actually cheaper than the 650 W version:
You don't need the extra 100 W, but it won't hurt, and saving $10 is nice.
On your budget, you presumably want a Core i5-3570K. If you don't have unusual motherboard needs and aren't planning on seeing if you can overclock the processor far enough to fry it (as opposed to a more moderate overclock), then you don't need to buy an unduly expensive motherboard. So here, have a combo deal:
I haven't added up the price tag to see how much space you have for a video card, but you're probably looking at somewhere around Radeon HD 7870 or GeForce GTX 660 territory. For the former, this is a nice deal:
For the latter, the best route is to grab one in a combo deal with the power supply:
For a case, this is on shell shocker special right now:
$75 before a $30 rebate. If you miss the sale, it's far less tempting at $100 or whatever.
If you miss that, then I'd try this:
Or better yet, in a combo deal with different memory, instead of the memory that you linked:
Same specs and a good brand, so it's equivalent memory.
Thanks a lot for the info and links, that was a big help!
Here's what I've got so far. After doing more research or hearing any suggestions I may change some things.
-----Motherboard / CPU - $329.98
-----750W Power Supply - $99.99
Before tax and shipping that's coming out to $1,097.90
You should be aware that the case is a very short term sale. As in, hours, not days. So if that's the case you want, you need to grab it before the sale ends.
You'll also need an OS license.
Ouch, yeah that wont do then, I need to get the money into the bank so I can spend it online and that won't be happening within a few hours. I'll have to keep searching for a case.
I've got a windows xp oem disc and a windows 7 upgrade disc so I'm good to go on the OS.
I've been doing some research and it turns out that graphics card is extremely large, 11.69" long. I've discovered that a lot of cases can't hold a card that big. I'm considering this case:
From the dimensions it looks like it should hold the card but I have no way of really knowing. I've read that some people have had to bend or cut drive bays out of the way to accomidate the card. It's a long shot to ask, but does anyone happen to know if that card will fit in this case without the bays getting in the way?
I'm also going to buy a bay i/o panel. I can't seem to find any decent ones on newegg, but I found this one that has everything I want on it on another website:
I don't know that I trust that brand, but it's a nice looking panel, much nicer looking than anything newegg has to offer. Does anyone know where I could find a similar bay i/o panel of a trustworthy brand? Or is that brand trustworthy?
The price on the video card I linked has also gone way up since I linked it. How about if you wait until you have the money and are ready to buy parts before picking the exact parts? Otherwise, prices will change again.
Novice Member
Joined: 9/24/04
"If it ain't broke...hit it harder."
All of the monitors you listed in the OP look fine.
Core-i5 3570k is the best value for power users.
I lean towards the nVidia 6-series cards - 660 or 670 is you have room left in the budget.
Do not get that WD Green drive. You should get a 1 or 2 TB WD Black, especially if you ever decide that you want to add a second one and build an array. Or...you can skip the SSD and seperate drive altogether and get...
The Antec Nine-Hundred is a good solid gaming case.
Memory. Cas latency can be a confusing topic for people. Just know that lower is better and faster memory with higher latency is a waste of time.
System board vendor is a matter of preference. Just make sure you get a Z77 chipset and the rest of the features that you want. Don't pay more for a board just because it looks cool or because it says "For Gamers" or some BS. The ASROCK Z77 Pro 4 has a decent price and the features that you need.
Get a Blu-ray player. Blu-ray movies on one of those 27" monitors you are looking at = phenomenal.
Power Supply...not sure why everyone goes overkill on wattage. You could technically run the above rig on a 450 watt high efficiency psu with no issues.
Originally posted by benit59
1) You mention the GeForce GTX 660 and GTX 670, and then link a card that is neither. The GTX 660 and 670 are decent values for the money, but the GTX 660 Ti is not. A Radeon HD 7950 is better for about the same price. Alternatively, a Radeon HD 7970 and GeForce GTX 660 are a lot cheaper than a GTX 660 Ti, but not much slower.
2) The idea of getting an SSD is that you put everything where speed particularly matters on the SSD. You only put stuff on the hard drive where it doesn't matter that the hard drive is slow. So the extra speed of a WD Caviar Black doesn't help you much.
And no, no, no. Don't get a Velociraptor. That would constitute paying more than an SSD would cost, for mere hard drive performance. Sure, it's very fast for a hard drive. But if you're looking to buy a car, then buying a tricycle instead isn't going to cut it, even if it's very fast for a tricycle. And especially if it's more expensive than the car would have been.
3) Memory latencies are in number of clock cycles. Thus, 800 MHz with CAS 4 is the same latency as 1600 MHz with CAS 8 or 2400 MHz with CAS 12. Regardless, CAS latency is only a small fraction of total memory access latency. The performance difference beween the memory you link and a $40 kit that is 1600 MHz, CAS 9 would basically amount to a rounding error.
4) AsRock's naming scheme is that "Pro" means low end and "Extreme" means mid-range to upper mid-range. If you want a low end motherboard, then go ahead. But you'd be better served by getting a motherboard a notch up in a combo deal with the processor, where the combo discount covers the difference in price so that you end up getting a better motherboard for the same price.
5) Blu-Ray players are a pure waste of money for the overwhelming majority of computers. If you're going to watch Blu-Ray movies on your computer (which is not the same as watching Blu-Ray movies on some other device, DVD movies on your computer, NetFlix on your computer, YouTube on your computer, or various other combinations), then sure, get a Blu-Ray player. Otherwise, it's just paying $50 too much for a device that will be identical for your use to a simple $17 DVD burner.
6) Corsair's CX V2 line is fine for a severe budget system. It's the sort of power supply you might get on a $500 budget. But it's not appropriate for a $1200 budget. While the original poster surely doesn't need a 750 W power supply, the reason I linked that one is that, at the time, I didn't see any good deals on one of somewhat lower wattage. Today, you could grab this:
Originally posted by Quizzical
Aww that's horrible. Well, I can at least go ahead and order everything else and keep shopping for a video card, or shell out the extra cash to get that one. I didn't think about the sale going off that quick, I was taking my time researching stuff.
Novice Member
Joined: 10/28/02
Here you go, if you haven't ordered anything yet you might take a look at this:
They've got 3 systems put together, a low priced one around 500$, a mid priced one at about 1000$ and a high end one for about 2000$. The 1000$ one is quite nice really and if you're wanting to spend 1200$ it'd still leave you within budget to get a UPS or nice surge protector.
I'm ordering the parts this evening when I get home from work. Due to the sales going off on a couple things I'll be spending an extra $80 sadly, but it couldn't be helped due to my work schedule (14 hour days lately, not much time left for shopping and researching.) If anyone has any last suggestions on changing up any of the listed parts I'd love to hear them before I hit the purchase button tonight.
So you can see why I hate it when someone posts a link to "here's what some site came up with a few months ago". You can see how much prices change in a few days; over the course of a few months, it's much, much worse. Even if a build was a good deal when the site posted it (which often isn't the case), it's vanishingly unlikely that it will still be so a few months later.
If you'd like to bring the price back down:
Basically the same SSD as you linked above, but from Mushkin rather than Corsair. It's the same SSD controller and firmware, and likely but not necessarily the same NAND flash.
Different DVD burner that happens to have free shipping today.
Different Radeon HD 7870 that happens to be on sale today. Personally, I'd undo the factory overclock, as I don't trust PowerColor to make a premium card.
Combo deal with the same power supply and a different case. The case isn't as nice as the one before, but it's still decent and it sure is cheaper.
Thanks for the suggestions. Is that PowerColor card basically the exact same thing as the HIS IceQ card but with an extra dvi port? Would there be any noticable performance differences if they were compared? There aren't many reviews on newegg for the PowerColor card, vs lots of reviews on the HIS IceQ card.
It's the same bin of the same GPU chip. The video memory is likely identical as well; at the very least, it's the same capacity at the same speed. The PCB, heatsink, fan, VRMs, and various other components are likely to be different, which can affect power consumption, noise, and reliability, but not performance.
Based on previous reputation, I'd regard HIS as being a little more likely to produce a high quality card than PowerColor. But only a little, and I wouldn't pay an extra $30 for the HIS card, as it's likely that you'd never notice the difference. It's really just a case of, given a bunch of roughly equivalent products, you buy the one that happens to be on sale today.
When a card is relatively cheaper for a while, lots of people buy it, and then it gets lots of reviews because of that. Other than EVGA fanboys, most people prefer to buy a relatively cheaper SKU of a card, unless they're paying a little more for what is clearly a premium SKU.
Novice Member
Joined: 10/28/02
Sorry, Quizzical, for posting a link to three viable bulks that are only just over a month old. They're good builds and I was working under the assumption that it's not difficult to comparison shop on new egg. Next time I will refrain from attempting to be helpful. ;P