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- Christina Tosi's Recipe for Perfecting an At-Home Mango Smoothie Us Weekly - 17 minutes ago
Christina Tosi took some time off from the judges' panel at MasterChef to share her delicious and refreshing at-home mango juice recipe with … More »Christina Tosi's Recipe for Perfecting an At-Home Mango Smoothie
- Drummer for Journey in jail on rape charges in Oregon Reuters - 29 minutes ago
By Shelby Sebens PORTLAND, Ore. (Reuters) - Journey drummer Deen Castronovo was in jail in Oregon on Tuesday on charges of rape and sexual assault, court officials said. Castronovo made an afternoon court appearance where a Marion County Circuit Judge did not set bail for his release, court officials said. Castronovo, …
- 'House of Cards' Adds Neve Campbell as Series Regular The Hollywood Reporter - 33 minutes ago
Season four of the Netflix political drama is expected to return in 2016.
- Donald Trump Sues Univision for $500 Million, Slams NBC: "They Are Weak" Us Weekly - 50 minutes ago
- Dildo Flag Creator Rips CNN Over ISIS Gay Pride Gaffe The Wrap - 1 hour 22 minutes ago
A CNN report on Sunday went viral when an international reporter mistook a dildo-covered flag for an ISIS banner during coverage of London's Gay Pride Parade. Now the flag's creator has unloaded on the cable news network over the gaffe. "But how could a report so hysterical and so clearly false possibly get onto the air, …
- An older, wiser Schwarzenegger returns in 'Terminator: Genisys' Reuters - 1 hour 31 minutes ago
By Piya Sinha-Roy LOS ANGELES (Reuters) - Arnold Schwarzenegger may be older but that does not stop him from destroying his younger self, as the former governor of California returns to one of his most recognizable roles in "Terminator: Genisys." The film, out in theaters on Wednesday, opens a new chapter for the "Terminator" …
- Snowden Teaser Shines A Light on "The Most Wanted Man In The World" TV Guide - 1 hour 51 minutes ago
This article, Snowden Teaser Shines A Light on "The Most Wanted Man In The World", originally appeared on TVGuide.com. The first teaser for Oliver Stone's Edward Snowden biopic has arrived, and it gives the first hint of Edward Snowden's background before he became the National Security Agency contractor we now know.
- Trump's pageant woes mount with TV and contestant drop-outs Associated Press - 2 hours 8 minutes ago
NEW YORK (AP) — Fallout from outspoken Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump's remarks about immigrants from Mexico continued to dog him Tuesday as a TV company backed by Mexican billionaire Carlos Slim said it was scrapping a project in development with him and Mexico announced it won't be sending a contestant …
- Rooney Mara in Negotiations to Star in David Fincher's HBO Series 'Utopia' (Exclusive) The Wrap - 2 hours 20 minutes ago
After successful collaborations with David Fincher on "The Girl With the Dragon Tattoo" and "The Social Network," Oscar-nominated actress Rooney Mara is in advanced negotiations to star in the director's upcoming HBO series "Utopia," an individual familiar with the project has told TheWrap. Fincher will direct every episode …
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'The Big Bang Theory' Recap: Penny and Sheldon Fall in Love With Each Other?!Thu, Feb 26, 2015 11:48 PM PST
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You can now invite anyone to meet at your favorite Starbucks.
Limited-time feature
35 year old woman | Atlanta, GA, USA | Seeking women 27-40 in Georgia, United States
Hopeless romanitc trying 2 find true love n a lesbian world.I want someone 2 hang out w/ &make me smile & I believe and cherish smal
I want a girl that wants to eventually settle, not immediately but someone who is going to stand by my side thru the good bad and indiff. Someone who believes in doing the small things, someone who is sweet and caring and not selfish. Someone who takes care of themselves and their home and appreciates fashion, going out occasionally and def date night dinners. I believe in chivalry and respect for women, just need to find the girl that appreciates all of that. I am a very outgoing person, I don't trust easily, I believe in god and attend church regularly and am looking for someone to attend with me, my faith and church is a HUGE part of my life and I would like to meet someone that feels the same way. I am active and sporty, I go to the gym several times a week its a good stress reducer. I work in the medical field. I love to travel and just spend time with the person I care the most about. I am very family oriented and I love my family with all my heart and I am not willing to be back in the closet so if you are not out completely please do not reply to this add. I am not looking for a one night stand or to be a 3rd party with a str8 couple so please DO NOT waste my time or yours by replying. I am not into playing games with people I am a very open and honest person, and to me that is a great thing because honesty may hurt but it prevents distrust. I am tired of all the drama and I just want someone normal to get to know and perhaps date on a more serious level, I am 35 and not into all these games that people like to play. I know my soul mate is out there somewhere, just have to find her :-). I am not the easiest person to get along with and I have my faults but don't we all, but at the end of the day its about accepting and loving someone for everything they are. I believe in true love, I believe that you can spend the rest of your life with one person, and I want to find that person, I want them to be sitting in the rocking chair beside me when I am 80 on the front porch watching our grand-kids play, and is also going to be there when I take my last breath. I firmly believe in all this and if I have to wait years to find this person then that's what I plan on doing. Please understand the definition of dating I am not a uhauler
Camping , Coffee and conversation , Cooking , Dining out , Fishing/Hunting , Gardening/Landscaping , Movies/Videos , Music and concerts , Nightclubs/Dancing , Playing cards , Playing sports , Religion/Spiritual , Shopping/Antiques , Travel/Sightseeing , Watching sports
Baseball, Basketball, Bowling, Football, Other types of exercise, Soccer, Swimming, VolleyBall, Walking / Hiking, Weights / Machines
I exercise 1-2 times per week.
Don't display my sign
I have Dogs
I have a dog whom I adore and I am allergic to cats
I enjoy the Riverside area bars and also the restaurants there, I also enjoy the San Marco area. I also travel to Atlanta alot and have a place in Midtown.
I enjoy a variety of foods, and I am really into fashion. I like all sorts of movies. I love my dog.
I like to take walks in the park or on the beach with my dog. I honestly just like to chill and spend quality time with the people I care about the most.
The Voice (student bible), Joel Osteen Every Day is a Friday (its an amazing book)
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
|What she is looking for
|5'9" (175cms)
|5'4" (162cms) to 5'6" (167cms)
|Body type:
|About average
|Slender, About average, Curvy, Athletic and toned, A few extra pounds
|Black, Blue, Brown, Grey, Green
|Dark brown
|Black, Light brown, Dark brown
|Yes, but trying to quit
|No Way, Occasionally, Daily, Yes, but trying to quit
|Social Drinker, Regularly
|I'll tell you later
|Medical / Dental / Veterinary / Fitness
|I'll tell you later
|No preference
|Never Married
|Never Married
|Have kids:
|No preference
|Wants kids:
|White / Caucasian
|Latino / Hispanic, Middle Eastern, Native American, Pacific Islander, White / Caucasian
|Christian / Other
|Christian / Catholic, Christian / Protestant, Christian / Other
I attend church on a regular sunday basis, if I am not in town I do my best to stream it online. My faith and religion are very important to me and I am looking for that in someone as well.
|Associates degree
|Associates degree, Bachelors degree, Graduate degree, PhD / Post Doctoral

subset: commoncrawl


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Date: 10/30/2011
Time: 8:00 PM - 10:00 PM
Location: Hilton San Diego Bayfront
Cost: Conference fees apply
Landscape Architecture Alumni Reunion: ASLA Annual Meeting & Expo 2011
ASLA Annual Meeting & Expo, October 30 - November 2
Alumni Reunion, Sunday, October 30, 8-10 PM
Hilton San Diego Bayfront, 1 Park Boulevard, San Diego, CA 92101
Free for all meeting registrants. Meeting badge required.
Alumni reunion for University of Minnesota Department of Landscape Architecture hosted by department head, Lance Neckar.
More information: http://www.asla.org/2011meeting
Disability Options:
To request disability accommodations, please contact Laura Walton, College of Design, at email@example.com or 612-626-6385.


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Zippy Coleslaw
|Grated cabbage
|5 Cup (80 tbs) (White Cabbage)
|Skim milk
|2 Tablespoon
|Grated green bell pepper
|1 Cup (16 tbs)
|Prepared horseradish
|1 Teaspoon
|Grated carrot
|1 Cup (16 tbs)
|1 Clove (5 gm), minced
|Plain non fat yogurt
|1⁄3 Cup (5.33 tbs)
|White pepper
|1⁄2 Teaspoon
Place cabbage, green pepper, and carrot in a mixing bowl.
Combine yogurt, skim milk, horseradish, garlic, and white pepper.
Toss the cabbage mixture with the yogurt mixture.
Variations â– For a slaw with a mustard-flavored dressing, place cabbage, green bell pepper, and carrot in a mixing bowl.
Add 1 grated onion.
Toss with a dressing of 4 tablespoons nonfat mayonnaise, 3 tablespoons nonfat yogurt, 3 tablespoons cider vinegar, 1 tablespoon Dijon mustard, 1 teaspoon sugar, and 2 teaspoons celery seed.
Thin dressing with skim milk if necessary.
â– Place cabbage, green bell pepper, and carrot in a mixing bowl.
Toss with a dressing of 1/2 cup nonfat sour cream, 1/4 cup plain nonfat yogurt, 1 tablespoon cider vinegar, 1/2 teaspoon dry mustard, and 1/4 teaspoon paprika.


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|gum arabic
A gum exuded by various African trees of the genus Acacia, especially A. senegal. Gum arabic is used in the preparation of pills and emulsions, in the manufacture of adhesives and candies, and as a thickener and stabilizer of colloids. Gum arabic consists mostly of a mixture of oligosaccharides and heavy glycoproteins.


text:
Now in its twentieth year Boxfresh celebrates with an anniversary collection designed by Burro. Standout pieces include a bib-front cobalt blue shirt, a jersey fishtail parka, long-length striped mohair knit and T-shirts featuring the iconic Burro plectrum pocket. The mainline includes an archive collection of T-shirt prints and an extended collaboration with cult illustrator Pete Fowler. Key looks include zip-through quilted nylon tops and a tech nylon hooded jacket with off-centre ...
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Wolf Creek a Total Waste of Time
Just saw the Australian movie "Wolf Creek" on DVD. I had heard nothing but good things about it. People said it was one of the best horror / thriller movies they had seen in a long time. It was a pile of poop. Not only did nothing happen in the film, but you totally cannot sympathize with any of the characters. They are all lame, unmotivated, and with zero survival instinct. I try to remember that it is losely based on a true events. But that doesn't help. Bad is bad, even when its real.
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I tried to warn you!
True. But let's be honest... it wouldn't have stopped me. I am a total whore. I will watch anything.
Oh my chickens, this post is old!


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Starting & Managing
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Loans to purchase a business
by msilver5464, Window Shopper
- Created: November 6, 2011, 11:18 pm
I am looking to purchase an exisiting business that I have been personally working at since 1996. The owner has told me that he is getting too old to keep up with the business and said that he wants to sell it. Since 1996, I have learned about the area, know all the customers, know all of the police, fireman, and EMTs, mayors, and councilmen. I work with all the schools, private and public by offering them discounts should they make orders with us.All of the receipes came from my grandfather who orginally owned the pizzeria/restaurant until he sold it to the owner that I work for. Since I know all the receipes, know the customers, and have been managing the business since 1996, I feel it is the right move for me to purchase this restaurant back from the current owner.I heard that people who are disabled may quaify for loans better than people without a disability, is that correct?
phanio | Contributor | 11/29/2011 - 8:12 pm
There are some programs for disabled individuals - but, know this, you still have to qualify for the money - and that means solid credit, collateral and cash flow. Why not ask the owner to finance it? If you could come up with a little down payment - then finance the rest from the owner - making the payments to him instead of a bank. He gets a monthy income plus he earns the interest on the loan and if he believes in you and the business - he should be ok with it. You can make the small down payment, finance the rest say for 7 years with a 4 or 5 year balloon payment. When the balloon comes due in say 4 or 5 years, you will be established as the business owner and would have a much better chance of getting a loan from the bank to pay off the remaining 2 or 3 years of the loan. My suggestion and probably your easiest way to get a loan these days, is to ask the owner to finance it and you can own and run the business while the business makes the payments to the current owner. Best of luck!
kmurray | Community Moderator | 11/7/2011 - 11:08 am
Hi Michael, Check out our resources about buying an existing business. In addition, our blog post, "The Legal Steps to Buying a Business," on our Business Law Advisor blog. You may also find our post entitled "Disabled Entrepreneurs" useful. To find loans and grants that you may qualify for, use our Loans and Grants Search Tool.
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Last year Washington has seen some of the lowest points they've ever seen in sports. Let's recap sport by sport.
The Washington Nationals
March 16, 2007: The Washington Nationals are predicted one
expert bandwagon jumper to be the worst team in the history of baseball.
What happened? They play .500 ball after May 9th, finished 4th in the NL east, and didn't even lose 90 games. They spoil the New York Mets playoff hopes, manage to pull their record at RFK stadium to 122-121 over three seasons, and then sling some moves for high ceiling prospects in the off-season. They open the 2008 season on Sunday Night Baseball on ESPN in a new stadium.
The Washington Capitals
November 22, 2007: The Washington Capitals fire head coach Glen Hanlon after beginning the season 6-14-1, the franchise's worst start in 26 years.
They are 12-7-4 since the start, and aren't actually that far out of a playoff spot. They signed fan favorite and handsome devil Alexander Ovechkin to a 13-year contract worth $124 million. According to the Washington Post, Ovechkin doesn't have an agent, so no one is taking anything off the top. Why don't more big time athletes do this? Will having an agent negotiate for you really get you more than a 10% raise over what you could have negotiated for yourself? I have my doubts.
The Washington Redskins
November 27th, 2007: Redskins safety Sean Taylor is shot in his Miami home during a break-in. He dies the next day. To say he was the fan favorite doesn't do it justice. He was the Redskins. How he played, for better or for worse, the team went. He was that team's soul. He was also their most talented player. A Joe Gibbs timeout botch gives the Buffalo Bills a chip-shot field goal to win the next game.
The Redskins go on to win their next 4 games, including a couple with Todd Collins behind the wheel. They embarrass the Dallas Cowboys in their season finale, and clinch a playoff berth.
The Washington Wizards
April 2, 2007: All-star Caron Butler breaks his hand. Three days later All-star Gilbert Arenas tears his meniscus. They both miss the remainder of the season and are swept out of the playoffs by their hated rivals the Cleveland Cavaliers.
November 9, 2007: The Wizards open the season 0-5. Gilbert is noticeably gimpy.
November 21th, 2007: Gilbert Arenas undergoes another surgical procedure to repair his meniscus. He isn't sure when he'll play again.
January 14, 2008: The Wizards (now 20-16) beat the Celtics (now 30-6) and the big green machine. For the second time. In 3 days. This time in Boston. What now, chumps??
Also, I was lucky enough to be in the Verizon Center on Saturday night when we beat them, and I was among some pretty esteemed company…
So what's it mean?
As bad as it every got, we're a stronger city for it. I don't think it will ever get worse than the week following Sean Taylor's death, so I think I can safely say that 2008 will be better. And for the Nationals, 2012 is looking like a realistic World Series date. Let's go get 'em.
now lets hope the DC Sports Bog can comeback from that lame top 5 list they had today
How about the Georgetown Hoyas?
Scroll down to "Go Georgetown" entry:
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A player made one of my favorite posts of the year on B.net forums and got a Blue reply that pointed out the blindingly obvious.
We like knowing when you feel that improvements can be made, though, so thank you for the feedback (seriously). We'll make sure it gets passed along to our developers.
So Paragon levels should add whatever bonus each of us is too lazy to obtain on our gear? Well, that would be convenient.
Since I *have* taken the trouble to add Pickup Radius to my character's gear (since most of them are not Spin2Win Barbs and thus actually need to get health orbs to survive), but don't have the budget to add massive DPS, I'd like my Demon Hunter's Paragon Levels to more Dex and critical hit damage. Kthx!
That said, I think there is some merit to Paragon levels adding more… something. With punctuated equilibrium, perhaps. I think it would be cool if the bonuses varied a bit over time; say if you get 2% MF/GF per level instead of 3%, and then every 5th or 10th you get 5 or 10 extra right there. Same end result, but more fun in the presentation. I've seen other players suggest 1% Pickup Radius and/or Faster Run every 10th Paragon level, and of course the request to make all or some of the Paragon level attribute rewards manually-assignable is a common one.
Do you guys want to tinker with the Paragon level bonuses or are you happy with the system as it is?
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Anyone have a good BiS list for Enhance for Throne of Thunder? Both Normal and Heroic would be apreciated. Been trying to find a solid one for a couple of days, but nothing at all, not even at EJ. Or maybe im not searching hard enough...
Originally Posted by Lewor
Thank you, apreciated.


text:
What others say
Very interesting & vivid exposition of cutting edge technologies. A delight also for young people to inspire one to take R&D as a career.
- Dr Arabinda Mitra (Adviser and Head for International Cooperation, India DST).
An excellent tour of how science will transform our daily lives in the future. Very inspirational.
- Dr Max Kennedy (Ministry of Science & Innovation, New Zealand).
A step into the future. Very good technology integration. Very impressed.
- Prof Pascal Bovet (State Councilor, Switzerland).
I am always impressed by the combinaton of talents, imagination and technological advances that Singapore always offer.
- Mr Raymond Benjamin (Secretary General, ICAO).
I am deeply impressed by your creativity.
- Professor Klaus Müllen (Director of Max Planck Institute For Polymer Research, Germany).
Interesting ideas and prototypes.
- Dato Dr Rosli Mohamed (Secretary General of Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Malaysia).
The world will be a better place because of these transformative innovations.
- Dr Steven Schachter (Professor of Neurology, Harvard Medical School).
A*STAR is one of the most amazing and successful applied research centres I've ever been to.
- Mr Enis Erkel (Consultant, Vice President for Research and Development, Koç University, Turkey).
29 May 2014
Visit by Dr Steven Schachter, Chief Academic Officer, Center for Integration of Medicine and Innovative Technology (CIMIT).
9 July 2014
Visit by Hon. Gail Gago MLC, Minister for Science and Information Economy (Australia) and her delegates.
Institute for Infocomm Research (I2R)
Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICES)
Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC)
Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE)
Institute of Microelectronics (IME)
National Metrology Centre (NMC)


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Netball partner fires up Dennis
- From: The Daily Telegraph
- August 17, 2012
FEISTY netballer Mo'onia Gerrard plays her best against New Zealand when she's calm and composed and has a world crown to prove it.
But the world champion netballer reckons a few of her text messages are just the trick to fire up Wallaby partner Dave Dennis for his Bledisloe Cup debut tomorrow night.
"I always give him a big rev up before the game," Gerrard revealed ahead of the rugby showpiece in Sydney.
"I do it via text messages and I give him plenty. They are fighting words.
"It fires him up. He loves it."
Dennis, who plays flanker for NSW, was promoted to the Wallabies ranks this year and will be playing his first game against New Zealand at ANZ Stadium.
Australia haven't won the Bledisloe Cup since 2002 and need to win at home to be a realistic chance of breaking the drought in this years three-match series.
Dennis doesn't have to go far for pointers on how to beat Kiwis in sport, with Gerrard boasting a strong track record of beating the Silver Ferns in netball.
"She knows how to win, that's for sure" Dennis said of this partner who played a key role in beating New Zealand for the world netball crown in Singapore last year.
"Mons advice is to just play my own game and get really stuck in, don't sit back."
Rugby is in Gerrard's blood with brother Mark and cousin Wycliff Palu both Wallabies and teammates of Dennis.
It caused some uncomfortable moments for Dennis when, as a young NSW squad member, he first started dating Gerrard.
But many years on the athletic pair are now a perfect match, able to understand the demands of each others sporting lives.
"We know when to give each other support and encouragement, or even a bit of space after a loss," Dennis said.
Losses won't be entertained when Gerrard fires off a text to Dennis tomorrow, however.
The NSW Swifts netballer will be absent from the stands at ANZ Stadium to be at the wedding of another high-profile sporting couple - Australian netball centre Kim Green and Australian cricketer Trent Copeland.
"But I'll be ducking out to see the scores for sure," Gerrard said.
Gerrard said there is no nothing like facing off against New Zealand to get the blood pumping and to bring out the best in an athlete.
"There is such a lot of pride on the line when an Australian team takes on New Zealand and visa versa," she said.
"There is nothing quite like it. And it seems to bring out the best in every athlete."


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Yakshi Fragrances Roll-On Fragrance Evening Gardenia -- 0.33 fl oz
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text:
Originally written on Fox Sports | Last updated 2/9/12
NEW YORK - SEPTEMBER 04: Philipp Petzschner of Germany returns a shot against Juan Carlos Ferrero of Spain during day five of the 2009 U.S. Open at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center on September 4, 2009 in the Flushing neighborhood of the Queens borough of New York City. (Photo by Julian Finney/Getty Images)
Philipp Petzschner will open Germany's Davis Cup first-round series with Argentina against Juan Monaco. In the second singles Friday, Florian Mayer will play David Nalbandian. Mayer is Germany's top-ranked player at No. 21, while Nalbandian is No. 84. Petzschner is ranked 56th and Juan Monaco is Argentina's leading player at No. 23. Tommy Haas makes a Davis Cup comeback when he teams with Petzschner to face Juan Ignacio Chela and Eduardo Schwank in Saturday's doubles, with the reverse singles on Sunday. Germany is without Philipp Kohlschreiber because of an illness.
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text:
A thin film thickness measuring device is disclosed. The device includes an illuminator, a receiver and a beam deflector. The illuminator provides a collimated input light beam along an input axis. The receiver includes a lens and a diaphragm having a pinhole located at a focal point of the lens and receives a collimated output light beam along an output axis parallel to the input axis. The beam deflector is translatable at least along a scanning axis parallel to the input axis. The beam deflector directs the input light beam towards a sample and the output light beam from the sample towards the receiver.
1. A thickness measuring device for measuring the thickness of thin films on a sample, the device comprising:
a stationary illuminator for providing a collimated input light beam along an input axis;
a beam deflector for directing said input light beam towards said sample and for directing and collimating an output light beam from said sample, said beam deflector comprising a collimating lens which receives at least said output light beam and two-dimensional translation means for translating said beam deflector along a first scanning axis parallel to said input axis and along a second scanning axis perpendicular to said first scanning axis; and
a stationary receiver for receiving said collimated output light beam along an output axis parallel to said input axis.
2. A device according to claim 1 and wherein said beam deflector additionally comprises a first beam deflecting element for deflecting said input light beam at an angle of incidence towards said sample and a second beam deflecting element, different from said first beam deflecting element, for deflecting a light beam reflected at an angle from said sample along said output axis, wherein said objective lens receives said output light beam from said second beam deflecting element.
3. A device according to claim 1 and wherein said beam deflector additionally comprises a first mirror for deflecting said input light beam from said input axis to said second scanning axis, a second mirror for deflecting said input light beam from said second scanning axis to said sample, a third mirror deflecting a reflected light beam from said sample to said second scanning axis, and a fourth mirror for deflecting said reflected light beam from said second scanning axis to said output axis.
4. A device according to claim 2 and wherein said first and second beam deflecting elements are mirrors.
5. A device according to claim 2 and wherein said first beam deflecting element is a beam splitter and said second beam deflecting element is a mirror.
6. A device according to claim 5 wherein said receiver additionally comprises a spectrophotometer and wherein said collimating lens additionally focusses said input light beam on said sample.
7. A device according to claim 2 wherein said device is an ellipsometer, wherein said illuminator comprises a light source, a polarizer and a compensator, wherein said receiver comprises an analyzer, and wherein said polarizer and analyzer are rotatable.
The present invention relates to systems and methods for non-destructive quality control in general and to optical systems and methods for measuring the thickness and index of refraction of thin films, in particular.
Optical measuring instruments are typically utilized in the microelectronic industry for non-contact, non-destructive measurement of the thickness of thin films. Two main systems are utilized, spectrophotometers (or reflectometers) and ellipsometers. The following U.S. Patents represent the prior art:
For ellipsometers: U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,166,752, 5,061,072, 5,042,951, 4,957,368, 4,681,450, 4,653,924, 4,647,207 and 4,516,855.
For spectrophotometers: U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,181,080, 5,159,412, 5,120,966, 4,999,014 and 4,585,348.
The two prior art systems are illustrated in FIGS. 1A and 1B, respectively, to which reference is now made. The spectrophotometer utilizes the fact that light beams reflected off thin fill boundaries, will interfere one with another. Specifically, the spectrophotometer of FIG. 1A measures the reflectance of selected points of a sample 10 as a function of the light wavelength, usually in the visible or near UV spectral ranges. Computer analysis of the detected spectral reflection function, especially its minima and maxima, provides the thickness, and in some cases, also the index of refraction of the measured film.
The spectrophotometer typically includes a transmitter 12 with a light source and appropriate optics, a beam splitter 14, an objective lens 16, a tube lens 18 and a receiver 20 which includes optical and electronic means for measurement of light intensity as a function of the input light wavelength. The transmitter 12 produces a collimated light beam 22 which is deflected by the beam splitter 14 and focused on the sample 10 by the objective lens 16. The reflected beam, labeled 24, is collected by the microscope imaging optics (lenses 16 and 18) on a spectroscopic measurement unit within the receiver 20.
In order to measure a multiplicity of points on the sample 10, sample 10 is placed on an x-y stage 26. X-Y stage 26 is typically very precise and heavy and, as a result, moves very slowly.
The spectrophotometers have difficulty measuring structures with very small reflectance, such as thin films on glass substrates, because the relatively low brightness of traditional white light sources does not provide a sufficient signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Spectrophotometers also have difficulty measuring films with unknown or unrepeatable dispersions of optical constants, such as amorphous silicon.
Despite these limitations, the spectral photometry method is at present widely used in industry because the instrumentation for this method is easily combined with optical microscopes and can utilize conventional microscope optics.
Ellipsometers measure changes in the polarization of light caused by reflectance from the test surface. These changes, characterized as amplitude and phase changes, are very sensitive to the thickness and optical properties of thin films.
A prior art ellipsometers is illustrated in FIG. 1B. It includes a transmitter 30 which includes a light source and appropriate optics, a polarizer 32, an optional compensator (phase retarder) 34, an analyzer 36 and a receiver 38 with a photo-detector and appropriate electronics. The polarizer 32 polarizes the light beam 40 produced by light source 30. The reflected light beam, labeled 42, passes through the analyzer 36 before reaching the receiver 38. If the compensator 34 is used, it may be located either between the polarizer 32 and the test sample 10 or between the sample 10 and the analyzer 36.
The ellipsometers method requires oblique illumination, i.e. an angle of incidence Θ between an incident light beam 40 and a normal 44 to the sample 10 must be greater than zero. The angle between a reflected light beam 42 and the normal 44 is equal to the angle of incidence Θ. The angle of incidence Θ should be close to the Brewster angle ΘB of the substrate. In practice, the angle of incidence Θ ranges from 45� to 70�.
Because ellipsometers measure two polarization parameters (amplitude and phase), both of which are independent of the light intensity, they are quite accurate and can also measure ultra thin films of the size of 0-100 Å. However, since ellipsometers require oblique illumination as well as a highly collimated light beam, their use for high spatial resolution measurements in dense patterned structures is rather difficult.
There are two basic types of fully automated ellipsometers. Null-ellipsometers (NE) provide the most accurate thickness measurements but they require at least several seconds per measuring point. Rotating-analyzer ellipsometers (RAE) provide very high speed measurements (portions of a second per measuring point), but their sensitivity and accuracy are usually less than those of null-ellipsometers.
For all of the prior art instruments, the opto-mechanical apparatus is complicated, large and heavy, and thus, the x-y stage 26 is translated between measurement points, coming to a complete stop before measurement begins. The time between measurements depends on the mass of the x-y stage 26 and on the positioning accuracy requirements and may take at least several seconds (sometimes up to several tens of seconds). This limits the speed with which a thickness mapping can occur, especially during inspection of large size substrates such as 8" VLSI silicon wafers, 18"�18" LCD glass panels, etc.
The footprint, or space on the floor which each machine utilizes, is typically at least twice the size of the x-y stage 26 due to its translation.
Furthermore, the prior art measuring devices are utilized for measuring once a deposition process has been completed. They cannot be utilized for in-process control, since wafer handling and other mechanical movements are not allowed within a vacuum chamber.
Other measuring instruments are also known, one of which is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,826,321. The '321 patent presents a system similar to an ellipsometer. However, in this system, a mirror is utilized to direct a plane polarized laser beam to the thin film surface at the exact Brewster angle of the substrate on which the thin film lies.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to overcome the limitations of the prior art.
There is therefore provided apparatus for thickness measurement which performs scanning, thereby providing fast multiple measurements on the whole surface of the inspected object. The apparatus includes a beam deflector for deflecting a light beam to and from the surface while maintaining a predetermined angle of incidence and reflection.
Specifically there is provided, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a device for measuring the thickness of thin films on a sample which includes a) an illuminator for providing a collimated input light beam along an input axis, b) a receiver for receiving a collimated output light beam along an output axis parallel to the input axis, and c) a beam deflector, translatable at least along a scanning axis parallel to the input axis, for directing the input light beam towards the sample and the output light beam from the sample towards the receiver. The receiver includes a lens and a diaphragm having a pinhole which is located at a focal point of the lens.
Additionally, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the beam deflector can be one- or two-dimensional. In the one-dimensional case, the beam deflector includes a) a first beam deflecting element which deflects the input light beam towards the sample, b) a second beam deflecting element which deflects a light beam reflected from the sample along the output axis, and c) an objective lens which collimates the reflected beam. The collimated beam is the output light beam.
In the two-dimensional case, the beam deflector translates along the scanning axis and along a second scanning axis perpendicular to the third axis. The beam deflector preferably includes four mirrors and an objective lens. The first mirror deflects the input light beam from the input axis to the second scanning axis. The second mirror deflects the input light beam from the second scanning axis to the sample. The third mirror deflects a reflected light beam from the sample to the second scanning axis. The fourth mirror for deflecting the reflected light beam from the second scanning axis to the output axis. The objective lens is operative to collimate the reflected beam.
Moreover, in accordance with one preferred embodiment of the present invention, the device is an ellipsometer. The receiver additionally includes an analyzer and a photodetector and the first and second beam deflecting elements are mirrors. The illuminator includes a light source and a polarizer. The illuminator or the receiver can optionally include a compensator.
In accordance with an alternative preferred embodiment of the present invention, the device is a spectrophotometer. In this embodiment, the receiver additionally includes a spectrophotometric detector, the first beam deflecting element is a beam splitter and the second beam deflecting element is a mirror. In addition, the beam deflector additionally comprises a lens for focusing the input light beam on the sample after deflection by the beam splitter.
The apparatus of the present invention may be incorporated within equipment, such as cluster tools, for film deposition.
There is also provided, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, apparatus for measuring thin film thickness and for acquiring an image of an area to be measured. The device includes a) an illuminating unit for providing a collimated input light beam along an input axis, b) a receiver for receiving a collimated output light beam along an output axis parallel to the input axis and c) a beam deflector, translatable at least along a scanning axis parallel to the input axis, for directing the input light beam towards the sample and the output light beam from the sample towards the receiver. The input light beam is preferably formed of at least one of coherent and incoherent light and impinges on the sample at a desired angle of incidence. The receiver includes a) a first imaging lens, b) a grating located at a focal point of the first imaging lens at an angle to an axis of the output light beam equivalent to the angle of incidence, the grating having a pinhole located on the axis of the output light beam, c) at least one photodetector for detecting generally coherent light received through the pinhole, d) a second imaging lens and e) a camera for receiving incoherent light from the area to be measured as deflected by the grating and as imaged by the second imaging lens.
Additionally, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the device includes apparatus for measuring an actual angle of incidence which may vary from the desired angle of incidence. The apparatus for measuring utilizes optical elements forming part of the illuminator and receiver. The apparatus for measuring preferably includes a position sensing device.
Moreover, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the device is incorporated within a cluster tool having a vacuum chamber in which the sample is held. The vacuum chamber preferably includes a cover having glass plates incorporated therein at an angle perpendicular to axes of the beams impinging on and reflecting from the sample. The glass plates extend parallel to the scanning axis.
Finally, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the device includes a polarizer, analyzer and optional compensator which are generally located close to the sample.
The present invention will be understood and appreciated more fully from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the drawings in which:
FIGS. 1A and 1B are schematic illustrations of a prior art spectrophotometer and a prior art ellipsometer;
FIG. 2 is a schematic side view illustration of an optical measuring device having a one-dimensional scanning device incorporated therein, constructed and operative in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic top view illustration of an optical measuring device having a two-dimensional scanning device incorporated therein, constructed and operative in accordance with a second preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a partial schematic, partial block-diagram illustration of an ellipsometric in-process thickness monitor utilizing the principles illustrated in FIG. 2;
FIG. 5A is a side view schematic illustration of a beam deflector cooperating with a vacuum chamber, the beam deflector forming part of the monitor of FIG. 4;
FIG. 5B is a schematic illustration of an illumination unit and part of the beam deflector of FIG. 5A, both forming part of the monitor of FIG. 4;
FIG. 5C is a schematic illustration of a detection unit and part of the beam deflector of FIG. 5A, both forming part of the monitor of FIG. 4; and
FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of a spectrophotometer having a one-dimensional scanning device incorporated therein, constructed and operative in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
Reference is now made to FIGS. 2 and 3 which schematically illustrate an optical measuring device having one and two-dimensional scanning devices, respectively, constructed and operative in accordance with preferred embodiments of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a side view and FIG. 3 is a top view.
In FIGS. 2 and 3, the optical measuring device is an ellipsometer. This is by way of example only; the principles of the present invention can also be implemented in a spectrophotometer, as illustrated in FIG. 6, described in detail hereinbelow.
The ellipsometer of FIG. 2 typically comprises a stationary illuminator 50, a stationary detector 52, a translating beam deflector 54, and a stationary support 56, such as a stage, ring, etc., for holding a sample 57.
The illuminator 50 typically comprises of elements similar to those of the prior art. Therefore, similar elements have similar reference numerals.
Specifically, the illuminator 50 typically comprises transmitter 30 which includes a laser light source, a polarizer 32 and an optional compensator (phase retarder) 34. As in the prior art, the laser light source, with its associated optics (not shown), produces a highly collimated laser light beam.
The beam deflector 54 typically comprises two mirrors 72 and 74 and a first objective lens 75. Mirror 72 provides the desired angle of incidence Θ to input light beam 58 by deflecting beam 58 by an angle β=90+Θ. Mirror 74 deflects a light beam 64, reflected from the sample 57, to a beam 65 along a direction parallel to the X scanning axis. First objective lens 75, whose focal plane is at the plane of sample 57, typically collimates beam 65, thereby producing a collimated reflected beam 60.
To effect scanning, only the beam deflector 54 is translated along the X-axis. The movement of the beam deflector 54 generally does not affect the measurement quality of the ellipsometer since the input and output light beams 58 and 60 are highly collimated and parallel to the scanning axis.
Because beam deflector 54 only comprises the mirrors 72 and 74 and objective lens 75, it is lightweight and therefore, its translation is fast, on the order of the measurement time. The support 56 is stationary, therefore, the device of the present invention has a minimal footprint of the size of the sample 57.
It is noted that the direction changing effected by mirrors 72 and 74 changes the polarization state of the light. These undesired changes must be separated from the desired polarization changes caused by the sample 57. If the optical parameters of the mirrors are stable, the undesired changes do not vary and thus, they can be measured and accounted for when interpreting the measurement of the sample 57.
It is further noted that reflection from the mirrors 72 and 74 may be not fully specular. Typically, some depolarized scattered light is also produced. While the percentage of scattered light is very small relative to the specular light (1:1000 or even less, depending on the quality of the mirror surface), the scattered light could limit the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the system and thus, limit the measurement accuracy.
In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the detector 52 typically comprises scattered light reducing elements in addition to the standard analyzer 36 and receiver 38. The scattered light reducing elements typically are a second objective lens 76 and a diaphragm 77, located at the focal plane of objective lens 76 and having a pinhole 78, and a condenser 79.
The analyzer 36 is typically placed within the collimated light beam 60, between objective lenses 75 and 76. Since pinhole 78 is placed at the center of the image plane which is the focal plane of lens 76, it acts as an aperture stop, allowing only the collimated portion of light beam 60 to pass through. Thus, the pinhole drastically reduces the widely scattered depolarized light introduced by the mirrors. Condenser 79 collects the light from the pinhole 78 and provides it to receiver 38.
For a pinhole 76 of 50 μm in diameter and a lens focal length of 30 mm, the angular aperture of the detector 52 is less than one mrad. For optical configurations having six or fewer mirrors between the polarizer 32 and the analyzer 36, the resultant intensity of scattered light reaching the detector 38 is less than 10-3 % of the polarized light which is the minimum necessary for accurate ellipsometric measurements.
Receiver 38 typically comprises a photo-detector and appropriate electronics. Although not shown, the detector 52 can also include the compensator 34, located before the analyzer 36.
The ellipsometer of FIG. 3 provides two-dimensional scanning with a two-dimensional scanning unit 80. The remaining elements are similar to those of FIG. 2 and therefore, have similar reference numerals.
Scanning unit 80 typically comprises a beam deflector 82 (see FIG. 2) similar to beam deflector 54, which slides along X-axis rails 84. The X-axis rails 84 are attached together and to carriages 90, forming an X-axis unit 86 which, in turn, translates along Y-axis rails 88 via the carriages 90.
Scanning unit 80 typically also comprises mirrors 92 and 94 (see FIG. 3) which deflect beams between the X- and Y-axes. Specifically, mirror 92 deflects the input beam 58 tom the Y-axis to the X-axis, producing beam 96 which is parallel to the X-axis. Mirror 94 receives beam 98, the output of the beam deflector 82, along the X-axis and deflects it towards the Y-axis, producing thereby reflected beam 60.
It is noted that the scattered light reducing elements 76-79 are efficient for a number of mirrors, as long as none of the mirrors are located very close to either the object or image planes.
Reference is now made to FIGS. 4 and 5A, 5B and 5C which illustrate an in process thickness monitor. FIG. 4 is a partial schematic, partial block-diagram illustration and FIGS. 5A-5C are schematic illustrations of the elements of the monitor of FIG. 4.
The monitor of FIG. 4 is operative to measure the thickness of thin films within deposition equipment such as cluster tools. A cluster tool is a large vacuum system which consists of several chambers, each performing a specific deposition process on a single silicon wall ("single wafer processing"). An internal robot transfers each wafer from chamber to chamber without breaking the vacuum, thus several deposition processes may be carried out before the wafer is removed from the cluster tool.
The present invention is typically installed on a cool-down vacuum chamber to which each wafer is brought for one-two minutes after each deposition process. It thus measures the film thickness after each deposition.
In accordance with the present invention, the in-process monitor comprises a coherent and an incoherent imaging unit and an angle of incidence measuring unit, portions of whose optical paths are identical. The coherent imaging unit is utilized for ellipsometric measurements and thus, is similar to that described hereinabove with respect to FIG. 2. The incoherent imaging unit is typically operative for pattern recognition.
The monitor comprises an illumination unit, labeled 100, a detection unit, labeled 102, a beam deflector, labeled 104, and support 105, similar to support 56.
Since a vacuum must be maintained, all of the elements of the monitor, except the support 105 and the sample 57 on it, must exist outside of the vacuum chamber, labeled 108. This is shown in FIGS. 4 and 5A.
In accordance with the present invention, built into a cover 110 of vacuum chamber 108, along the direction of the X-axis, are two stationary glass plates 112 operative to enable the light beam to reach the sample 57 from outside the chamber. To minimize the influence plates 112 have on optical measurements, the planes of their surfaces are located perpendicular to the path of optical beams 59 and 64.
The glass plates 112 are mechanically strong enough to withstand the pressure difference between the vacuum within chamber 108 and the atmospheric pressure outside of it. The plates 112 are made from stress-free glass of about 5 mm thick and their aspect ratio (width/length) is about 1:50. The resultant induced birefringence is negligible and therefore, the plates generally do not affect the optical measurements.
Beam deflector 104 (see FIG. 5A) typically comprises focusing lens 150 and objective lens 152, two mirrors 154 and 156 and X-axis translation apparatus 153 (see FIG. 4), such as a linear motor.
During ellipsometric measurements, focusing lens 150 focuses the polarized and collimated light beam, labeled 158, onto the surface of sample 57 and the objective lens 152 collimates the divergent beam 64 into the reflected beam, labeled 159. An important fact to note is that lenses 150 and 152 are thin, simple lenses made of stress free glass to reduce to zero their birefringence. They may also be located between the mirrors 154 and 156 and the sample 57.
The two mirrors 154 and 156 are similar to mirrors 72 and 74 of FIG. 2 and are operative to direct the light beam to and from the sample 57 at the desired angle of incidence Θ in the Y-Z plane and to deflect the light beam between the X- and Y-axes, as shown in FIG. 4.
Thus, the light beam 59 always impinges on the sample 57 at the desired angle of incidence Θ, even though the beam deflector 104 is translated along the X-axis.
The illumination unit 100 is detailed in FIG. 5B and typically comprises a light source unit 120, a quarter wave plate (QWP) 122, a polarizer 124 and a compensator 126.
The light source unit 120 typically comprises two coherent light sources 130 and 132 for ellipsometric measurements and one incoherent light source 134 and a condenser 136 for incoherent imaging. The condenser 136 collimates the output of light source 134.
Illumination unit 100 also comprises two beam splitters 138 for combining the light from the three light sources 130, 132 and 134 onto a single path 139. Beam-splitters 138 typically are dichroic or polarizing. If they are polarizing, the planes of polarization of the two lasers 130 and 132 are set to be orthogonal.
The two coherent light sources 130 and 132 are laser diodes which produce highly monochromatic and collimated light for ellipsometric measurements. Laser 130 has a wavelength lambda-- 1 in the visible spectral range, preferably within the range of 630 to 680 nm, and laser 132 has a wavelength lambda-- 2 in the near infra-red (IR) spectral range, preferably within the range of 810 to 830 nm. The visible light is preferable for measuring such films as silicon dioxide, silicon nitride and other dielectric layers. The IR light is preferable for silicon layers (poly-silicon, amorphous silicon and the like). Under IR light, the silicon layers are almost transparent and their optical parameters are generally repeatable between processes.
The incoherent light source 134, used during-pattern recognition, can be any suitable light source, such as a high brightness LED, quartz-tungsten lamp, xenon arc lamp, etc. Its specific range should preferably be narrow, for example of 780�20 nm.
During imaging operations, the incoherent light source 134 is operative and it, together with the focusing lens 150, the and the condenser 16 form an incoherent illuminator whose light beam forms an incoherent light spot on the surface of sample 57. The size and divergence of the incoherent light beam must be sufficient to illuminate the desired field of view, e.g. about 1 mm in its shortest dimension, at any position of the beam deflector 104 along the X-axis.
The quarter-wave plate (QWP) 122, useful for ellipsometric measurements, is oriented with its optical axis at an angle of �45� relative to the planes of polarization of the lasers 130 and 132 and transforms their linear polarization to a circular one. The QWP 122 should be achromatic throughout the utilized spectral range of 630 to 830 nm. Suitable achromatic QWPs are manufactured, for example, by Meadowlarc Optics company, USA.
The polarizer 124 and compensator 126 have associated therewith motor drives 140 and 142, respectively. Although not shown, motor drives 140 and 142 typically operate with precise angular encoders. Since most ellipsometric measurement algorithms do not require rotation of the compensator, a manual driving mechanism (for alignment only) may alternatively be used instead the motor drive 142.
For the two wavelength configuration of the present invention, the polarizer 124 is achromatic. A suitable polarizer is a Glan-Thomson polarization prism. For a single wavelength configuration in the red spectral range, a sheet polarizer, such as the HN38S type from Polaroid Corporation of the USA, is suitable. For all polarizers, an extinction ratio of more than 105 is required for reaching the thickness measurement accuracy required in microelectronic deposition process control.
The detection unit 102 (FIG. 5C) typically comprises a two-dimensional image acquisition system (pan of the incoherent imaging unit), an ellipsometric detector unit (part of the coherent imaging unit) and an angle of incidence measurement unit.
The ellipsometric detector unit of detection unit 102 is comprised of elements similar to those of the ellipsometer of FIG. 2, but extended to operate with the two wavelengths, lambda-- 1 and lambda-- 2. The ellipsometric detector unit operates with the objective lens 152 and typically comprises the analyzer, labeled 160, its associated motor 162, an imaging lens 164, a diaphragm 165 having a pinhole 166, a condenser 168, two independent photo-detectors 170 and 172, two band pass spectral filters 174 and 176 and a beam splitter 178. The analyzer 160 is similar to polarizer 124 and is therefore, achromatic for the two wavelength configuration.
Since, as in the embodiment of FIG. 2, the pinhole 166 is located at the image plane of the optical imaging system (lenses 152 and 164) which is the focal plane of lens 164, only that portion of the light reflected from the surface of sample 57 which is the size of pinhole 166 will come through pinhole 166. Condenser 168 collects the light and focusses it onto the photo-detectors 170 and 172.
The beam splitter 178 splits the incoming beam into two beams, each having the appropriate wavelength, lambda-- 1 and lambda-- 2.
The photo-detectors 170 and 172 detect, via the filters 174 and 176 respectively, the intensity of light of the two wavelengths lambda-- 1 and lambda-- 2, respectively. For most applications, the photo-detectors are silicon photovoltaic detectors, such as the S5591 manufactured by Hamamatsu Photonics U.U. of Hamamatsu City, Japan. If necessary, more sensitive but more expansive photo-multipliers may be used.
It is noted that the present invention allows simultaneous measurement of two wavelengths which enables the measurement of two pairs of ellipsometric parameters, the amplitude parameter psi and the phase parameter delta. As a result, four parameters of the thin fill structure, e.g. thickness and index of refraction of each of two layers, can be simultaneously determined. Such a measurement is useful when two different layers are deposited on the sample 57 in one deposition cycle.
Since lenses 152 and 164 are designed to be generally free of aberrations in the two wavelengths lambda-- 1 and lambda-- 2, the spatial resolution of the monitor of the present invention depends only on the size of pinhole 166 and on the point spread function of the coherent imaging system. The point spread function is defined by the F-stop of the coherent imaging system and is generally quite small. Practically, the thickness measurements are carried out on scribe lines, pads or special test areas which are not less than 50 μm wide and therefore, a pinhole size of 20-40 μm and an F# of 5-6 is acceptable.
It is noted that a circular pinhole produces an elliptical measurement spot, with an aspect ratio of 1/cosΘ. If this is unacceptable, the shape of pinhole 166 has to be asymmetrical to compensate.
The two-dimensional image acquisition system typically operates in conjunction with the incoherent image illuminator and utilizes the objective lens 152 located on the beam deflector 104. The image acquisition system typically comprises the imaging lens 164, the diaphragm 165 with the pinhole 166, a magnifying lens 180, a mirror 182, an optional band pass filter 184 and a high resolution, area charge coupled device (CCD) 186. For the purposes of the image acquisition system, the diaphragm 165 is made from a grating 167 which has the pinhole 166 therein. The grating 167 does not affect the ellipsometric measurements.
The surfaces of sample 57 and grating 167 are respectively located in the focal planes of lenses 152 and 164. The lenses 152 and 164 typically have the same focal length, thereby providing an optical magnification M of 1X.
As is known in the art, if the object plane is tilted relative to the imaging axis (the axis of the reflected beam 64), the image plane is also tilted relative to the optical axis (the axis of a beam 188) from the analyzer 160. However, the extent of the tilting of the image plane is a function of the magnification, as described by the Scheimpflug equation:
tgΘ'=M�tgΘ, (1)
where Θ is the angle of incidence and Θ' is the tilt angle of the image plane.
In the monitor of FIG. 5, the grating 167, tilted by the angle Θ relative to axis 188, is the imaging plane for the imaging system of lenses 152 and 164 and is the object plane (or intermediate image plane) for the imaging system of lens 180.
Since the magnification M of the monitor is 1, the object plane (sample surface) and the image plane are tilted at the same angle Θ relative to their optical axes. Unfortunately, when the image plane is thus tilted, only a portion of it can be focussed on the CCD 186.
In order to force the image plane to be perpendicular to the optical axis, thereby ensuring that the entire image plane is focussed on the CCD 186, the grating 167 is aligned along the intermediate image plane. The grating 167 is chosen so that only the first diffraction maximum is utilized for imaging to the CCD 186. For example, for lambda-- 3=780 nm, Θ=70� and a grating frequency 1200 cycles/mm, the image plane of a diffracted beam 190 is almost perpendicular to the optical axis. Therefore the image plane may be enlarged by the magnifying lens 180 without the above-described Scheimpflug problem.
The magnifying lens 180 is placed in the direction of the first diffraction maximum for the wavelength lambda-- 3 of the incoherent illuminator. The lens 180 provides magnification, of at least 5X, which is strong enough for recognition of the test areas on the wafer.
Mirror 182 directs the diffracted beam 190 towards the CCD 186 which is located at the image plane of magnifying lens 180. The high resolution CCD 186, such as the TM-6CN CCD manufactured by Puinix America Inc. of Sunnyvale, Calif., USA, transforms the image to a video signal.
If lasers 130 and 132 operate at the same time as the incoherent light source 134, the optional band pass filter 184 ensures that only light from the incoherent illuminator is used for imaging.
If the incoherent light is not monochromatic, the difffraction of grating 167 will produce spectral dispersion. In this case, the numerical aperture of lens 180 has to be high enough to collect most, if not all, of the diffraction beams within the entire spectral range. In order to achieve high image quality, the lens 180 should be corrected for the chromatic aberrations in the spectral range of the incoherent light.
The quality of the obtained image depends strongly on the F-stops (F#) of the objective and imaging lenses 152 and 164 and the aberrations that they produce. For a focal length for lenses 152 and 164 of about 30 mm and a beam diameter of about 5 mm, the F# is about 6, a value which is used for high quality photography and other applications.
The lens 180 is a high quality microscope grade objective lens and therefore, does not significantly affect the final image quality. The grating 167 also does not significantly affect the image quality because its spatial frequency in the image plane (1200/5X=240 cyc/mm) is significantly greater than the Nyquist frequency of the CCD (about 50 cyc/mm). Therefore the above two-dimensional image acquisition system provides the high spatial resolution needed for accurate pattern recognition.
For the two-dimensional image acquisition system, the pinhole 166 serves to locate the measurement spot in the image of the sample 57. Since the pinhole 166 is located at the intermediate image plane (grating 167) and since it allows light to pass through it, rather than being reflected toward the CCD 186, the pinhole 166 appears as a sharp dark point in the image produced by the CCD 186. Thus, when viewing the CCD image, the location of the measurement spot is immediately known, it being the location of the dark spot.
It is noted that the pinhole 166 performs three functions: 1) it reduces the scattered light from the mirrors 154 and 156; 2) it provides high spatial resolution; and 3) it provides an indication of the location of the measurement spot in the image of the area being measured.
The angle of incidence measurement unit provides feedback about the actual angle of incidence Θ for situations when the surface of the sample 57 is not absolutely flat.
The angle of incidence measurement unit typically comprises the objective lens 152, a beam-splitter 194, a spectral filter 196 and a position-sensitive detector (PSD) 198, such as the S2044 detector manufactured by Hamamatsu Photonics U.U. Beam splitter 194 provides a portion of reflected beam 159 to the PSD 198 via the spectral filter 196.
Since the measurement point on the sample 57 is in the focal plane of objective lens 152 and since the PSD 198 is in the far field of this lens, any change in the angle of reflection (equal to the angle of incidence on the non-flat surface of sample 57) displaces the light spot on the PSD 198 and may be accurately measured off the light spot is centered on the PSD 198, the angle of incidence is the expected angle of incidence Θ, typically of 70�. If the spot is below or above the central location, the actual angle of incidence is larger or smaller, respectively, than Θ. The relationship describing the extent of the skew with the change in the actual angle of incidence is calibrated prior to operating the monitor. The ellipsometers measurements are then interpreted, by a data processor (not shown), in light of the actual angle of incidence.
It is noted that most supports typically comprise means (not shown) for keeping the top surface of sample 57 in a fixed position, such as by vacuum or electrostatic clamping, an auto-focus mechanism. Once such systems have been actuated, the only reason for beam displacement on the PSD 198 is the deviation in the angle of incidence.
Reference is now made to FIG. 6 which illustrates a spectrophotometer designed in accordance with the principles of the present invention. Thus, the spectrophotometer comprises a light source 200, a beam deflector 202, a support 204 holding a sample 208, and a detector unit 206.
The beam deflector 202 typically comprises a objective lens 210, a beam splitter 212 and a mirror 214. From the light source 200, the beam splitter receives a light beam 209, parallel to the surface of the sample 208, and deflects it toward the sample 208, via lens 210. The sample 208 is located in the focal plane of lens 210. The reflected light beam (not labeled) is collimated by lens 210, passes through beam splitter 212 and is deflected by mirror 214 along an axis parallel to the surface of sample 208.
Since light beams 209 and 211 are parallel to each other and to the surface of sample 208, the movement of the beam deflector 202 in the X direction does not affect the measurements of the detector unit 206.
As in the embodiments of FIGS. 2 and 3, detector unit 206 typically comprises an imaging lens 218, a diaphragm 220 having a pinhole 222 and a condenser 224. Detector unit 206 additionally comprises a spectrophotometric detector 226. Elements 218-224 reduce the scatter due to mirror 214 and provide a useful beam to the spectrophotometric detector 226.
It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to what has been particularly shown and described hereinabove. Rather the scope of the present invention is defined by the claims which follow:
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This is probably outdated to you guys but I just got a modded Xbox last week and I want to apply this trainer. I patched it then reset my Xbox and went...games...Halo-TRAINED. and it just doesnt work. It loads up but after the Bungie logo it just freezes.
Gettin This Trainer To Work...
Started by Eric88 , Jan 22 2005 07:09 PM
2 replies to this topic
Posted 22 January 2005 - 07:09 PM
Posted 22 January 2005 - 09:30 PM
it justs freezes? you have the dvd in the drive, and you just see the ring but no menu? or it actually FREEZES? if so wait a bit and the menu should come up
Posted 18 August 2005 - 02:43 AM
sort of the same prob but when i click both joy sticks down then the game freezes during the game plzz help
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Rip Currents
Rip Current Risk Easing Along Jersey Shore
The rip current risk is easing along the New Jersey coast as Hurricane Cristobal moves deeper into the North Atlantic after a week that saw the death of a swimmer.
Warm Wednesday: Heat & Humidity Remind Us It's Still August
Another sultry day is in store for the Delaware Valley on Wednesday. Under mostly sunny skies, temperatures are once again expected to reach 90.
Sunny Stretch, Warming Up
High pressure is firmly in control across the northeast, and we expect to see lots of sunshine this week.
Concern Over Rip Currents Has Beach Patrols Down The Shore On Alert
Beach patrol in Atlantic City reported 48 rescues Tuesday, but they do note that today wave size is decreasing.
Rip Currents Still A Concern At Jersey Shore
Swimmers were being urged Saturday to remain along beaches protected by life guards and to follow their instructions.
Rip Current Warning For South Jersey Beaches
This is the last weekend for beaches to be guarded in Wildwood, and lifeguards have their work cut out for them.


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LONDON — British visual artist and filmmaker Sam Taylor-Johnson has been signed to direct the movie version of erotic best-seller "50 Shades of Grey," producers have announced.
Taylor-Johnson, whose only previous feature was the 2009 John Lennon biopic "Nowhere Boy," promised she would "honor the power" of the book, which has sold millions of copies and spawned countless imitators.
The announcement was made Wednesday by Universal Pictures and Focus Features. Producer Michael De Luca said Taylor-Johnson's "unique ability to gracefully showcase complex relationships dealing with love, emotion and sexual chemistry make her the ideal director" for the story of the S&M-tinged romance between a young student and an enigmatic billionaire.
"50 Shades" author E.L. James tweeted that she was "delighted and thrilled" by the choice.
The 46-year-old director, previously known as Sam Taylor-Wood, is one of Britain's best-known visual artists. Her works include a video portrait of David Beckham sleeping that hangs in London's National Portrait Gallery. She also made "Crying Men," a compilation of Hollywood actors in tears.
In 2012 she married "Kick-Ass" star Aaron Johnson, whom she met when he played the young Lennon in "Nowhere Boy." Both adopted the surname Taylor-Johnson.
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Recruitment of 20000 III Grade Teachers in Rajasthan – 2013
Online applications are invited from eligible candidates to appear in the competitive examination for direct recruitment of III Grade Teachers in Education Department of Rajasthan.
Vacancies :
Post – I level (Class I-V) – Total Vacancies 11000
Post – II level (Class VI – VIII) – Total Vacancies 9000
Minimum Qualification :
For Post – I level (Class I-V)
(i) Higher Secondary or Equivalent with minimum 50% marks AND 2 year Diploma in Elementary Education
(ii) RTET (Rajasthan Teachers Eligibility Test) Pass
For Post – II level (Class VI – VIII)
(i) Graduate and Diploma in Elementary Education OR Graduate with 50% marks and B.Ed.
(ii) RTET (Rajasthan Teachers Eligibility Test ) Pass
(Note – Please read detailed notification to see more options in educational qualification criteria. )
Age Limit : 18 – 35 years (as on 01-01-2014) . Relaxation for reserved categories as per Govt. rules.
How to apply : Eligible candidates can apply online through any nearest E-mitra Kiosk or C.S.C. (Jan Suvidha Kendra). Candidates can also apply online from their own computer through www.examtgt.rajasthan.gov.in by depositing application fee on any E-mitra Kiosk or Jan Suvidha Kendra.
Online Applications will be accepted from 14-08-2013 t0 04-09-2013. The application fee can be deposited till 02-09-2013.
More Details : We strongly recommend you to read detailed notification before proceeding to application. The detailed notification / advertisement can be downloaded from this address –
Related Jobs
- Recruitment for Vocational Instructors, Assistants & Other – Sep 2014
- Vacancies of Teachers In Haryana Schools (HSTSB) – September 2014
- Vacancies of Various Posts of Teachers In DoE Delhi – August 2014
- Central University of Rajasthan Vacancies of Project Asstt. – July/Aug 2014
- Vacancies of Various 525 Posts of Teachers In North DMC – July/Aug 2014


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I am sold on Triumphs after seeing this...
View Single Post
Joined: Mar 2009
Location: 505
Oddometer: 1,810
Originally Posted by
I wasn't knocking the 800xc, it's a great bike. I was more trying to point out that if you are swayed by a slick video, then almost any bike/manufacturer can sell you.
But while the 800xc is one of the more dirt capable adv bikes, these talented guy could have gotten to all the same places an gotten pretty much the same shots on any similarly modded vStrom, Tenere, MultiStrada or even a Versys, given the same type of tires. Yes, a 21" wheel, more travel and higher ground clearance helps, but for these guys, they would not be deal breakers.
Yes, rims would be bent and the bikes would be thoroughly damaged, just like the XC's likely were, but the script would still have been followed and video would have made with perhaps just a little more tape ending up on the cutting room floor.
As far as looking good, I'd lean towards the Multistrada Pikes Peak, but behold...
Too bad the locations were faked.
Good points, although I bought months before this movie came out. This was just well documented confirmation I made the right choice. Now I've been included (I think by the dealership) in a Icon mail listing...Keep getting all this cool swag
Damn IT!!!
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Classic Christmas Toys You Can No Longer Afford
Everything old is new again.
I'm kinda surprised that the Furby is a hot toy this year. I was too old for it when it first came out, but I remember the madness (like seeing a dude selling one on a corner near the mall in town).


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Party's over folks... Universal is not renewing HD-DVD contract
View Single Post
L4D & DoW2 ftw!
Join Date: Jul 2004
Location: Denmark
Posts: 3,143
Re: Party's over folks... Universal is not renewing HD-DVD contract
Originally Posted by
Oh well, looks like SD DVDs and pirate WMV-HD rips are the way forward for most.
Alot of the films available on Blu-Ray that I would consider collectable stink in comparison to the HD-DVD versions, and if you look at the write ups for alot of the releases they get slated.
How is this more consumer friendly, also considering BD 1.1 players are not far from extinction.
What's going to happen when the general public running non-upgradeable 1.1 players try and use 2.0 releases?
Will they work fine, but just lack certain features?
Will they have to release a 1.1 version , and one 2.0 ?
For something claiming to be in the consumer's interests, leaves too many unknowns.
Are we going to get some sort of mass outcry when people bitch newer titles don't work?
Sure for the most stubborn HD DVD fanboys that will probably be the reaction. For most movie lovers and newcomers to HDM (99% of the targetgroup you're referring to as "the most") the answer will be Blu-ray and most are just happy that the format war is over now. Lol you're totally blowing this thing up. I can't help but you view youself as one giant HD DVD fanboy
1.1 and 2.0 players will clearly be the norm after seeing the CES announcements. A wide range of manufactuers has announced at least one player to be available in the near future. ALL players will play the movie itself, which is what the majority of the customers out there are interested in IMO. 95% of the players will support PiP in mid-2008 consisting of PS3 and the mentioned newly announced players. Some of these 95% will have the 2.0 profile spec which will allow for very special features like playing a flash/adventure like game while playing a movie, playing trivial games, downloading subtitles, downloading new trailers etc., but 2.0 movies WILL PLAY FINE on ALL players. They will never be more than ONE SINGLE VERSION of a movie in regard to the profile spec., the features you have with the more advanced players will just not greyed out / not available if you have an inadequate player. Granted they should have made a finalized spec from the beginning, but this is really the only disadvantage to Blu-ray that will disappear in time and will not matter for the FAR majority of the customers when informed correctly by the store salesmen and if they just do a very minimal of research before they purchase. Sorry HD DVD boys, the war is over and those of you who resort to SD DVD and piracy even though you love HDM are pathetic IMO
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The National Weather Service has confirmed that it was a tornado that hit the ground in Faribault County on Friday. The EF-0 rated twister was on the ground for about four miles near the town of Kiester. The tornado had wind speeds of 75-miles-an-hour, and tore down three barns and several outbuildings and sheds, as well as knocking down some power poles. No injuries were reported.
Kiester Tornado Confirmed


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HSBC "lift" by Grey London
Agency: Grey London
Rating: 5.0
By Maisie McCabe, campaignlive.co.uk, Tuesday, 29 April 2014 04:45PM
The car brand will use the sponsorship to promote its range of cars, including the Mirage, the ASX, the Outlander diesel and Outlander PHEV (Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle), and the Shogun.
Golley Slater created the idents, which end with a voice over saying: "Mitsubishi – changing perceptions with Documentaries on 4."
Paul Williams, Glenn Saitch and Richard Daughton wrote and art directed the idents.
Guy Soulsby directed them through The TV Production Office. Media planning and buying was by Manning Gottlieb OMD.
Kate Woodward, the general manager of communications at Mitsubishi Motors in the UK, said: "This sponsorship is a key part of Mitsubishi Motors in the UK's continued growth, building on the success of 2013 and launching a sustained period of Broadcast activity for the first time since 2009."
The activity is Mitsubishi's first TV sponsorship since 2011 and follows the car brand becoming the "fastest growing mainstream car manufacturer in the UK" in 2013, according to a spokeswoman.
Documentaries on 4 kicks off this evening with 'Mr Drew's School For Boys' at 9pm.
This article was first published on campaignlive.co.uk
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Agency: Grey London
Rating: 5.0


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Making Spring Grove a sustainable community where residents, visitors and businesses thrive is the vision of Spring Grove Area Past, Present and Future, Inc., (SGA*PPF). For some time, this organization has been "hibernating," however, after some informal conversations regarding Spring Grove's future, it was realized there was a need for a more formal community-wide plan of action that would involve and engage multiple groups, organizations and businesses in the community. These goals aligned with this long-standing area nonprofit organization and it was determined that reviving this organization would be the logical next step.
The Spring Grove City Council got some bad news on Tuesday, June 16. Police Chief Paul Folz reported the engine on the department's nine-year-old SUV squad had let go during a high-speed response, in all likelihood breaking a timing chain.
Stroll the streets of Spring Grove and one might just hear bits and pieces of Norwegian being spoken; attend a Sons of Norway meeting and it's likely one will hear even more spoken.
The nature of public input on public building projects sparked debate among Houston County commissioners last week.
The school year was nearly complete and the Spring Grove seniors were itching to complete their high school careers and look to the future of continuing their educations. Post-secondary education is expensive; any little extra boost is beneficial in helping pay for college costs.
The Spring Grove Police Department now has computers mounted within their vehicles. This computer system is something the entire county is working toward transitioning all vehicles to, but the Spring Grove Police Department is the first department in Houston County with 100 percent utilization.
After conducting five public hearings, the Houston County Planning Commission voted to recommend approval for three "conditional use" and two "interim use" permit applications.
Houston County commissioners split their votes by a now-familiar three-two margin on Tuesday, June 9.
Flag Day was observed on Sunday, June 14, across the country. It is not a day filled with parades or cotton candy and live music. Instead, it is a day that is more quietly celebrated in many areas.
An agreement has been reached to transfer ownership of the parent company of the Spring Grove Herald to a local couple, Paul and Heather Gray of Spring Grove.
On June 12, state lawmakers returned to St. Paul in order to approve spending provisions for K-12 education, environment and agriculture, and jobs and energy during a one-day special legislative session.
Summer brings thoughts of more relaxed days for children; days they can fill lazily without school schedules or homework. These types of days are just made for grabbing a good book and venturing outside to a shady tree or climbing in a swaying hammock or cuddling up in a cozy bed and reading and taking off on an adventure.
Last year, the 23-year-old Spring Grove native rode a bicycle across the state of Wisconsin — traversing 247 miles while pedaling from Milwaukee to La Crosse. This summer, he's set himself a much bigger goal.
The Boy Scouts of America Troop 55 of Spring Grove received $522 in Merchants Bank's 5-4-5 event for area nonprofit organizations, according to Teresa Fegyak, who is coordinating the event for Merchants.


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Originally written on Fox Sports | Last updated 11/2/11
The new-look Jets have been an instant hit in hockey-mad Winnipeg. There are packed crowds, team flags waving from cars and players have their routine errands turned into autograph signings. A month into the season, players were still buzzing over an opening night homecoming scene ripped straight from a playoff game. Amid the buzz, though, the Jets are just 4-6-1 and near the bottom of the Eastern Conference standings. It's a reminder of a franchise that made one postseason appearance overall and failed to post a winning record in their final four seasons as the Atlanta Thrashers. Not everything about the transition has been easy for the Jets. The Jets are still stuck in the Southeast Division are in the midst of a seven-game road trip.
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Three Lee County residents arrested for alligator poaching
LEE COUNTY - Three Lee County residents were arrested for alligator poaching last week in Glades County, according the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission.
FWC officers found a man retrieving an alligator from a canal off County Road 731, which is south of Rainey Slough. Upon inspecting the man's truck, officers found three loaded rifles, four pieces of fresh alligator meat and two live hatchling alligators. The officers found three butchered alligator carcasses near the canal.
Joshua J. Todd, 18, of Alva; Natalee M. Grant, 18, of Lehigh Acres; and a 17-year-old juvenile were charged with seven misdemeanor counts of taking and possessing American alligators. All three were booked into the Glades County jail.
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A few PS3 questions
View Single Post
April 3 2009, 07:14 PM
Rear Admiral
Location: Jefferson City, MO
Re: A few PS3 questions
dkehler wrote:
The PS3 is still the measuring stick that all of the Blu-Ray players are compared to. I believe it is still the fastest player available in terms of loading.
I can attest to this. When I got my second HDTV for the upstairs, I bought a stand alone blu-ray player. It takes forever and month of Sundays to boot up and to actually get where you can play a movies, whereas the PS3 comes up pretty fast. Compared to the stand alone, it almost seems instantenous. Ok it's not that fast, but it will seem that way comparitively speaking.
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Lab-Raised Heart (video)
When Packing On Pounds, Location Counts
Lungs, Taste, and Asthma
Building a Lung
Sniffle, Sneeze, Urrp: Time for Colds and Flu
Remodeling Hearts With Stem Cells
Synthetic Windpipe Transplant Boost For Tissue Engineering
Living Band-Aid Beats Like A Heart (video)
Have a Heart (video)
Growing a Heart (video)
Engineering Lung Tissue (video)
by Ashlee Vance
Using a protein found in silkworm moth cocoons, researchers at Tufts University in Boston are developing a range of biodegrada...
The sun kickstarts a process that converts a vitamin D precursor into the active form your body needs.
An excerpt from Jeffrey A. Lieberman's book Shrinks.
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I wonder how many people Ive made uncomfortable when I have NOT intended to.Maybe I should keep these things in mind. Hell, maybe we ALL should.
I wonder how many people Ive made uncomfortable when I have NOT intended to.Maybe I should keep these things in mind. Hell, maybe we ALL should.
If we all did that it would be very "uninteresting" around here.
Apart from the odd E-Tumbleweed. Or E-Ghost.
Its our differences that makes the world an interesting place, and thats reflected on this site perfectly.
Keep spouting...EVERYBODY!!
But we shouldnt take life so seriously sometimes.
A little courtesy never killed anyone, either!
reply to post by OneManArmy
Mate, that was good.
You should keep at it.
reply to post by OneManArmy
That was really good!
reply to post by boymonkey74
its not everyday and when they stare i feel like i can sense them being startled by my presence.
my only logical explanation is their fear that i'm some mad rapist hobo
I do stand out, I am big , with white hair
I personally can't stand people staring at me. It has irritated me for as long as I can remember.
maybe some of these people are not normal either because when i look at them i feel like there is something else looking back at me.
HOWEVER, I would also like to ask about the opposite phenomenon: I notice that when I'M walking around a city or even driving, i often look at the faces of just about everyone who i notice.. this is hardly even a conscious thing, but stems from a people-watching hobby that I've had since childhood haha. but what i notice, is that no one seems to do the same..? like they were living their life looking through a funnel and everything else has been deemed negligible..


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Harry Potter and the Lesson of Acceptance
I was in fifth grade when J.K. Rowling released Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone in the U.S. I didn't read it until the seventh grade, but I tore through the first few books and became one of those kids who couldn't wait until the next edition came out. Through seven novels, Harry Potter taught my generation a lot—and does so for millions of kid readers all over the world to this day. Researchers recently revealed that Harry Potter taught us much more than the rules of Quidditch.
As reported in The New York Times, the Journal of Applied Psychology recently published a study revealing that story-reading can affect how kids feel about currently stigmatized groups in our society, from immigrants to homosexuals. Specifically, kids who "read stories about characters from a culture similar to their own cooperating with characters from an unfamiliar culture, they later display fewer stereotypes, and more positive attitudes, about the people belonging to the dissimilar group."
This is exciting news not only for readers of Harry Potter, but any book that captures similar situations. Kids can learn to be more compassionate, accepting, and tolerant through reading. If that's not a reason raise a reader, I don't know what is.
Read with your kids or find other fun activities using Parents' activity finder.
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And so it begins. The zucchini onslaught. Please send zucchini recipes, STAT! In fact, it's almost Sneak Some Zucchini onto your Neighbor's Porch Day. (Although that usually works better at night.) See, at this time of year, at least here in Pennsylvania, zucchini plants are in super production mode, and we gardeners often find ourselves with… [read more]
Zucchini Recipes: Zucchini Shepherd's Pie
July 20, 2014 by 26 Comments


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Cents-ible ways to save in the Capital Region
LivingSocial: Take 20% off site-wide, through Sunday
Take 20 percent off your next LivingSocial.com voucher purchase when you use code STARS20 at checkout. The promotional code is valid through Sunday. The maximum discount is $20. [Read More]
Birthday freebies: 80-plus things you can get for free on your birthday
Before you blow out the candles on your next birthday cake, make sure you don't blow your chance at a windfall of freebies — meals, makeup, high-value coupons and gargantuan glasses of beer — bestowed by restaurants and retailers simply because you were born. Family and friends aren't the only ones ready to spoil you on […] [Read More]
Two new Lay's Potato Chip coupons
There are two new Lay's Potato Chip coupons to print today, perfect way to save on snack for your weekend barbecue: The first, use zip code 90201 (Cali.): The second, use zip code 77477 (Texas): To change the zip code, sign in to your Coupons.com account (top right corner) and adjust the location under "profile". [Read More]
Target Cartwheel: 50% off outdoor summer toys
Check out the great Target Cartwheel deals available through Saturday, July 4: Click the image above to load one or all of the deals to your Cartwheel account. Flash the barcode to the cashier and save yourself a bundle. [Read More]
Fresh Market Fourth of July deals
Check out the great deals to be had at Fresh Market this Fourth of July weekend: [Read More]
New $.75/1 Little Debbie Snack coupon
Visit Hopster.com to clip and print a new coupon good for $.75/1 Little Debbie Family Pack or Big Pack coupon. This printable will double nicely. [Read More]
LocalFlavor: Take $4 off any purchase, all weekend long
Head over to LocalFlavor.com (formerly DoubleTakeDeals) where you can snag an already-discounted voucher for $4 less with code SAVE4. The site features half-price deals at Capital Region restaurants, entertainment venues and more. Some offers tend to go quick, so act fact. I think this Jericho Drive-In deal may be my favorite: Includes admission for 2 […] [Read More]
Organic, all natural and gluten-free coupon roundup
Here is a list of the newest organic, all natural, gluten-free and otherwise health-conscious coupons. A big thanks to Jennifer Schreiner at Inspiring Savings for crafting such a great list. Newest Natural & Organic Coupons $3.00 off PediaSure SideKicks Smoothie Mix $1.00 off any 3 Gerber Graduates Puffs $1.00 off any 3 Gerber Graduates Meals or Sides […] [Read More]
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