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MEASURE FOR MEASURE ∗ WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE 1 by William Shakespeare PERSONS REPRESENTED. VICENTIO, Duke of Vienna. ANGELO, Lord Deputy in the Duke's absence. ES- CALUS, an ancient Lord, joined with An- gelo in the deputation. CLAUDIO, a young Gentleman. LUCIO, a Fantastic. Two other ∗ PDF created by pdfbooks.co.za 2 like Gentlemen. VARRIUS, a Gentleman, Servant to the Duke. PROVOST. THOMAS, friar. PETER, friar. A JUSTICE. EL- BOW, a simple Constable. FROTH, a fool- ish Gentleman. CLOWN, Servant to Mis- tress Overdone. ABHORSON, an Execu- tioner. BARNARDINE, a dissolute Pris- oner. ISABELLA, Sister to Claudio. MARI- 3 ANA, betrothed to Angelo. JULIET, beloved by Claudio. FRANCISCA, a nun. MIS- TRESS OVERDONE, a Bawd. Lords, Gentlemen, Guards, Officers, and other Attendants. 4 SCENE: Vienna ACT I. SCENE I. An apartment in the DUKE'S Palace. [Enter DUKE, ESCALUS, LORDS, and ATTENDANTS.] 5 DUKE. Escalus,– ESCALUS. My lord. DUKE. Of government the properties to unfold, Would seem in me to affect speech and discourse; Since I am put to know that your own science Exceeds, in that, the lists of all advice My strength can give you: then no more remains But that to your suffi- ciency, as your worth is able, And let them 6 work. The nature of our people, Our city's institutions, and the terms For common jus- tice, you are as pregnant in As art and prac- tice hath enriched any That we remember. There is our commission, From which we would not have you warp.–Call hither, I say, bid come before us, Angelo.– [Exit an Attendant.] What figure of us think you he will bear? 7 For you must know we have with special soul Elected him our absence to supply; Lent him our terror, drest him with our love, And given his deputation all the organs Of our own power: what think you of it? ESCALUS. If any in Vienna be of worth To undergo such ample grace and honour, It is Lord Angelo. [Enter ANGELO.] 8 DUKE. Look where he comes. ANGELO. Always obedient to your grace's will, I come to know your pleasure. DUKE. Angelo, There is a kind of char- acter in thy life That to th' observer doth thy history Fully unfold. Thyself and thy belongings Are not thine own so proper as to waste Thyself upon thy virtues, they on thee. Heaven doth with us as we with torches 9 do, Not light them for themselves: for if our virtues Did not go forth of us, 'twere all alike As if we had them not. Spirits are not finely touch'd But to fine issues: nor nature never lends The smallest scruple of her excellence But, like a thrifty goddess, she determines Herself the glory of a cred- itor, Both thanks and use. But I do bend my speech To one that can my part in him 10 advertise; Hold, therefore, Angelo; In our remove be thou at full ourself: Mortality and mercy in Vienna Live in thy tongue and heart! Old Escalus, Though first in question, is thy secondary: Take thy com- mission. ANGELO. Now, good my lord, Let there be some more test made of my metal, Before so noble and so great a figure Be stamped 11 upon it. DUKE. No more evasion: We have with a leaven'd and prepared choice Proceeded to you; therefore take your honours. Our haste from hence is of so quick condition That it prefers itself, and leaves unques- tion'd Matters of needful value. We shall write to you As time and our concernings shall importune, How it goes with us; and 12 do look to know What doth befall you here. So, fare you well: To the hopeful execution do I leave you Of your commissions. ANGELO. Yet give leave, my lord, That we may bring you something on the way. DUKE. My haste may not admit it; Nor need you, on mine honour, have to do With any scruple: your scope is as mine own: So to enforce or qualify the laws As to your 13 soul seems good. Give me your hand; I'll privily away: I love the people, But do not like to stage me to their eyes: Though it do well, I do not relish well Their loud applause and 'aves' vehement: Nor do I think the man of safe discretion That does affect it. Once more, fare you well. ANGELO. The heavens give safety to your purposes! 14 ESCALUS. Lead forth and bring you back in happiness. DUKE. I thank you. Fare you well. [Exit.] ESCALUS. I shall desire you, sir, to give me leave To have free speech with you; and it concerns me To look into the bottom of my place: A pow'r I have, but of what strength and nature I am not yet instructed. 15 ANGELO. 'Tis so with me.–Let us with- draw together, And we may soon our satis- faction have Touching that point. ESCALUS. I'll wait upon your honour. [Exeunt.] 16 SCENE II. A street. [Enter Lucio and two Gentlemen.] LUCIO. If the duke, with the other dukes, come not to composition with the King of Hungary, why then all the dukes fall upon the king. FIRST GENTLEMAN. Heaven grant us its peace, but not the King of Hungary's! 17 SECOND GENTLEMAN. Amen. LUCIO. Thou concludest like the sanc- timonious pirate that went to sea with the ten commandments, but scraped one out of the table. SECOND GENTLEMAN. Thou shalt not steal? LUCIO. Ay, that he razed. FIRST GENTLEMAN. Why, 'twas a com- 18 mandment to command the captain and all the rest from their functions; they put forth to steal. There's not a soldier of us all that, in the thanksgiving before meat, do relish the petition well that prays for peace. SECOND GENTLEMAN. I never heard any soldier dislike it. LUCIO. I believe thee; for I think thou never wast where grace was said. 19 SECOND GENTLEMAN. No? A dozen times at least. FIRST GENTLEMAN. What? in me- tre? LUCIO. In any proportion or in any lan- guage. FIRST GENTLEMAN. I think, or in any religion. LUCIO. Ay! why not? Grace is grace, 20 despite of all controversy. As, for example;– thou thyself art a wicked villain, despite of all grace. FIRST GENTLEMAN. Well, there went but a pair of shears between us. LUCIO. I grant; as there may between the lists and the velvet. Thou art the list. FIRST GENTLEMAN. And thou the velvet: thou art good velvet; thou'rt a three- 21 piled piece, I warrant thee: I had as lief be a list of an English kersey as be piled, as thou art piled, for a French velvet. Do I speak feelingly now? LUCIO. I think thou dost; and, indeed, with most painful feeling of thy speech. I will, out of thine own confession, learn to begin thy health; but, whilst I live, forget to drink after thee. 22 FIRST GENTLEMAN. I think I have done myself wrong; have I not? SECOND GENTLEMAN. Yes, that thou hast, whether thou art tainted or free. LUCIO. Behold, behold, where Madam Mitigation comes! I have purchased as many diseases under her roof as come to– SECOND GENTLEMAN. To what, I pray? 23 FIRST GENTLEMAN. Judge. SECOND GENTLEMAN. To three thou- sand dollars a year. FIRST GENTLEMAN. Ay, and more. LUCIO. A French crown more. FIRST GENTLEMAN. Thou art always figuring diseases in me, but thou art full of error; I am sound. LUCIO. Nay, not, as one would say, healthy; 24 but so sound as things that are hollow: thy bones are hollow: impiety has made a feast of thee. [Enter BAWD.] FIRST GENTLEMAN. How now! which of your hips has the most profound sciatica? BAWD. Well, well; there's one yonder arrested and carried to prison was worth five thousand of you all. 25 FIRST GENTLEMAN. Who's that, I pray thee? BAWD. Marry, sir, that's Claudio, Signior Claudio. FIRST GENTLEMAN. Claudio to prison! 'tis not so. BAWD. Nay, but I know 'tis so: I saw him arrested; saw him carried away; and, which is more, within these three days his 26 head to be chopped off. LUCIO. But, after all this fooling, I would not have it so. Art thou sure of this? BAWD. I am too sure of it: and it is for getting Madam Julietta with child. LUCIO. Believe me, this may be: he promised to meet me two hours since, and he was ever precise in promise-keeping. SECOND GENTLEMAN. Besides, you 27 know, it draws something near to the speech we had to such a purpose. FIRST GENTLEMAN. But most of all agreeing with the proclamation. LUCIO. Away; let's go learn the truth of it. [Exeunt Lucio and Gentlemen.] BAWD. Thus, what with the war, what with the sweat, what with the gallows, and 28 what with poverty, I am custom-shrunk. How now! what's the news with you? [Enter CLOWN.] CLOWN. Yonder man is carried to prison. BAWD. Well: what has he done? CLOWN. A woman. BAWD. But what's his offence? CLOWN. Groping for trouts in a pecu- liar river. 29 BAWD. What! is there a maid with child by him? CLOWN. No; but there's a woman with maid by him. You have not heard of the proclamation, have you? BAWD. What proclamation, man? CLOWN. All houses in the suburbs of Vienna must be plucked down. BAWD. And what shall become of those 30 in the city? CLOWN. They shall stand for seed: they had gone down too, but that a wise burgher put in for them. BAWD. But shall all our houses of re- sort in the suburbs be pulled down? CLOWN. To the ground, mistress. BAWD. Why, here's a change indeed in the commonwealth! What shall become of 31 me? CLOWN. Come, fear not you; good coun- sellors lack no clients: though you change your place you need not change your trade; I'll be your tapster still. Courage; there will be pity taken on you: you that have worn your eyes almost out in the service, you will be considered. BAWD. What's to do here, Thomas Tap- 32 ster? Let's withdraw. CLOWN. Here comes Signior Claudio, led by the provost to prison: and there's Madam Juliet. [Exeunt.] 33 Scene III. The same. [Enter PROVOST, CLAUDIO, JULIET, and Officers; LUCIO and two Gentlemen.] CLAUDIO. Fellow, why dost thou show me thus to the world? Bear me to prison, where I am committed. PROVOST. I do it not in evil disposi- tion, But from Lord Angelo by special charge. 34 CLAUDIO. Thus can the demi-god Au- thority Make us pay down for our offence by weight.– The words of heaven;–on whom it will, it will; On whom it will not, so; yet still 'tis just. LUCIO. Why, how now, Claudio, whence comes this restraint? CLAUDIO. From too much liberty, my Lucio, liberty: As surfeit is the father of 35 much fast, So every scope by the immod- erate use Turns to restraint. Our natures do pursue,– Like rats that ravin down their proper bane,– A thirsty evil; and when we drink we die. LUCIO. If I could speak so wisely un- der an arrest, I would send for certain of my creditors; and yet, to say the truth, I had as lief have the foppery of freedom as 36 the morality of imprisonment.–What's thy offence, Claudio? CLAUDIO. What but to speak of would offend again. LUCIO. What, is't murder? CLAUDIO. No. LUCIO. Lechery? CLAUDIO. Call it so. PROVOST. Away, sir; you must go. 37 CLAUDIO. One word, good friend.–Lucio, a word with you. [Takes him aside.] LUCIO. A hundred, if they'll do you any good. Is lechery so lookeed after? CLAUDIO. Thus stands it with me:– Upon a true contract I got possession of Julietta's bed: You know the lady; she is fast my wife, Save that we do the denunci- 38 ation lack Of outward order;: this we came not to Only for propagation of a dower Re- maining in the coffer of her friends; From whom we thought it meet to hide our love Till time had made them for us. But it chances The stealth of our most mutual en- tertainment, With character too gross, is writ on Juliet. LUCIO. With child, perhaps? 39 CLAUDIO. Unhappily, even so. And the new deputy now for the duke,– Whether it be the fault and glimpse of newness, Or whether that the body public be A horse whereon the governor doth ride, Who, newly in the seat, that it may know He can com- mand, lets it straight feel the spur: Whether the tyranny be in his place, Or in his emi- nence that fills it up, I stagger in.–But this 40 new governor Awakes me all the enrolled penalties Which have, like unscour'd armour, hung by the wall So long that nineteen zo- diacs have gone round And none of them been worn; and, for a name, Now puts the drowsy and neglected act Freshly on me; 'tis surely for a name. LUCIO. I warrant it is: and thy head stands so tickle on thy shoulders that a milk- 41 maid, if she be in love, may sigh it off. Send after the duke, and appeal to him. CLAUDIO. I have done so, but he's not to be found. I pr'ythee, Lucio, do me this kind service: This day my sister should the cloister enter, And there receive her appro- bation: Acquaint her with the danger of my state; Implore her, in my voice, that she make friends To the strict deputy; bid her- 42 self assay him; I have great hope in that: for in her youth There is a prone and speechless dialect Such as moves men; beside, she hath prosperous art When she will play with rea- son and discourse, And well she can per- suade. LUCIO. I pray she may; as well for the encouragement of the like, which else would stand under grievous imposition, as for the 43 enjoying of thy life, who I would be sorry should be thus foolishly lost at a game of tick-tack. I'll to her. CLAUDIO. I thank you, good friend Lu- cio. LUCIO. Within two hours,– CLAUDIO. Come, officer, away. [Exeunt.] 44 SCENE IV. A Monastery. [Enter DUKE and FRIAR THOMAS.] DUKE. No; holy father; throw away that thought; Believe not that the dribbling dart of love Can pierce a complete bosom: why I desire thee To give me secret harbour hath a purpose More grave and wrinkled than the aims and ends Of burning youth. 45 FRIAR. May your grace speak of it? DUKE. My holy sir, none better knows than you How I have ever lov'd the life re- mov'd, And held in idle price to haunt as- semblies Where youth, and cost, a witless bravery keeps. I have deliver'd to Lord Angelo,– A man of stricture and firm abstinence,– My absolute power and place here in Vi- enna, And he supposes me travell'd to Poland; 46 For so I have strew'd it in the common ear, And so it is received. Now, pious sir, You will demand of me why I do this? FRIAR. Gladly, my lord. DUKE. We have strict statutes and most biting laws,– The needful bits and curbs to headstrong steeds,– Which for this four- teen years we have let sleep, Even like an o'ergrown lion in a cave, That goes not out 47 to prey. Now, as fond fathers, Having bound up the threat'ning twigs of birch, Only to stick it in their children's sight For terror, not to use, in time the rod Becomes more mock'd than fear'd; so our decrees, Dead to infliction, to themselves are dead; And lib- erty plucks justice by the nose; The baby beats the nurse, and quite athwart Goes all decorum. 48 FRIAR. It rested in your grace To un- loose this tied-up justice when you pleas'd; And it in you more dreadful would have seem'd Than in Lord Angelo. DUKE. I do fear, too dreadful: Sith 'twas my fault to give the people scope, 'Twould be my tyranny to strike and gall them For what I bid them do: for we bid this be done When evil deeds have their 49 permissive pass And not the punishment. Therefore, indeed, my father, I have on An- gelo impos'd the office; Who may, in the ambush of my name, strike home, And yet my nature never in the fight To do in slan- der. And to behold his sway, I will, as 'twere a brother of your order, Visit both prince and people: therefore, I pr'ythee, Supply me with the habit, and instruct me 50 How I may formally in person bear me Like a true friar. Moe reasons for this action At our more leisure shall I render you; Only, this one:–Lord Angelo is precise; Stands at a guard with envy; scarce confesses That his blood flows, or that his appetite Is more to bread than stone: hence shall we see, If power change purpose, what our seemers be. 51 [Exeunt.] SCENE V. A Nunnery. [Enter ISABELLA and FRANCISCA.] ISABELLA. And have you nuns no fur- ther privileges? FRANCISCA. Are not these large enough? 52 ISABELLA. Yes, truly; I speak not as desiring more, But rather wishing a more strict restraint Upon the sisterhood, the votarists of Saint Clare. LUCIO. [Within.] Ho! Peace be in this place! ISABELLA. Who's that which calls? FRANCISCA. It is a man's voice. Gen- tle Isabella, Turn you the key, and know his 53 business of him; You may, I may not; you are yet unsworn: When you have vow'd, you must not speak with men But in the presence of the prioress; Then, if you speak, you must not show your face; Or, if you show your face, you must not speak. He calls again; I pray you answer him. [Exit FRANCISCA.] ISABELLA. Peace and prosperity! Who 54 is't that calls? [Enter LUCIO.] LUCIO. Hail, virgin, if you be; as those cheek-roses Proclaim you are no less! Can you so stead me As bring me to the sight of Isabella, A novice of this place, and the fair sister To her unhappy brother Claudio? ISABELLA. Why her unhappy brother? let me ask; The rather, for I now must make 55 you know I am that Isabella, and his sister. LUCIO. Gentle and fair, your brother kindly greets you: Not to be weary with you, he's in prison. ISABELLA. Woe me! For what? LUCIO. For that which, if myself might be his judge, He should receive his punish- ment in thanks: He hath got his friend with child. 56 ISABELLA. Sir, make me not your story. LUCIO. It is true. I would not–though 'tis my familiar sin With maids to seem the lapwing, and to jest, Tongue far from heart–play with all virgins so: I hold you as a thing ensky'd and sainted; By your re- nouncement an immortal spirit; And to be talk'd with in sincerity, As with a saint. ISABELLA. You do blaspheme the good 57 in mocking me. LUCIO. Do not believe it. Fewness and truth, 'tis thus: Your brother and his lover have embraced: As those that feed grow full: as blossoming time, That from the seedness the bare fallow brings To teeming foison; even so her plenteous womb Expres- seth his full tilth and husbandry. ISABELLA. Some one with child by him?– 58 My cousin Juliet? LUCIO. Is she your cousin? ISABELLA. Adoptedly, as school-maids change their names By vain though apt af- fection. LUCIO. She it is. ISABELLA. O, let him marry her! LUCIO. This is the point. The duke is very strangely gone from hence; Bore many 59 gentlemen, myself being one, In hand, and hope of action: but we do learn By those that know the very nerves of state, His giv- ings out were of an infinite distance From his true-meant design. Upon his place, And with full line of his authority, Governs Lord Angelo: a man whose blood Is very snow- broth; one who never feels The wanton stings and motions of the sense. But doth rebate 60 and blunt his natural edge With profits of the mind, study, and fast. He,–to give fear to use and liberty, Which have for long run by the hideous law, As mice by lions,–hath pick'd out an act, Under whose heavy sense your brother's life Falls into forfeit: he ar- rests him on it; And follows close the rigour of the statute To make him an example; all hope is gone. Unless you have the grace 61 by your fair prayer To soften Angelo: and that's my pith Of business 'twixt you and your poor brother. ISABELLA. Doth he so seek his life? LUCIO. Has censur'd him Already; and, as I hear, the provost hath A warrant for his execution. ISABELLA. Alas! what poor ability's in me To do him good. 62 LUCIO. Assay the power you have. ISABELLA. My power! alas, I doubt,– LUCIO. Our doubts are traitors, And make us lose the good we oft might win By fearing to attempt. Go to Lord Angelo, And let him learn to know, when maidens sue, Men give like gods; but when they weep and kneel, All their petitions are as freely theirs As they themselves would owe them. 63 ISABELLA. I'll see what I can do. LUCIO. But speedily. ISABELLA. I will about it straight; No longer staying but to give the Mother No- tice of my affair. I humbly thank you: Com- mend me to my brother: soon at night I'll send him certain word of my success. LUCIO. I take my leave of you. ISABELLA. Good sir, adieu. 64 [Exeunt.] 65 ACT II. Scene I. A hall in ANGELO'S house. [Enter ANGELO, ESCALUS, a JUSTICE, PROVOST, Officers, and other Attendants.] ANGELO. We must not make a scare- 66 crow of the law, Setting it up to fear the birds of prey, And let it keep one shape till custom make it Their perch, and not their terror. ESCALUS. Ay, but yet Let us be keen, and rather cut a little Than fall and bruise to death. Alas! this gentleman, Whom I would save, had a most noble father. Let but your honour know,– Whom I believe 67 to be most strait in virtue,– That, in the working of your own affections, Had time coher'd with place, or place with wishing, Or that the resolute acting of your blood Could have attain'd the effect of your own purpose, Whether you had not sometime in your life Err'd in this point which now you censure him, And pull'd the law upon you. ANGELO. 'Tis one thing to be tempted, 68 Escalus, Another thing to fall. I not deny The jury, passing on the prisoner's life, May, in the sworn twelve, have a thief or two Guiltier than him they try. What's open made to justice, That justice seizes. What knows the laws That thieves do pass on thieves? 'Tis very pregnant, The jewel that we find, we stoop and take it, Because we see it; but what we do not see We tread 69 upon, and never think of it. You may not so extenuate his offence For I have had such faults; but rather tell me, When I, that cen- sure him, do so offend, Let mine own judg- ment pattern out my death, And nothing come in partial. Sir, he must die. ESCALUS. Be it as your wisdom will. ANGELO. Where is the provost? PROVOST. Here, if it like your honour. 70 ANGELO. See that Claudio Be executed by nine to-morrow morning: Bring him his confessor; let him be prepard; For that's the utmost of his pilgrimage. [Exit PROVOST.] ESCALUS. Well, heaven forgive him! and forgive us all! Some rise by sin, and some by virtue fall: Some run from brakes of vice, and answer none, And some condemned for 71 a fault alone. [Enter ELBOW, FROTH, CLOWN, Of- ficers, &c.] ELBOW. Come, bring them away: if these be good people in a commonweal that do nothing but use their abuses in common houses, I know no law; bring them away. ANGELO. How now, sir! What's your name? and what's the matter? 72 ELBOW. If it please your honour, I am the poor duke's constable, and my name is Elbow; I do lean upon justice, sir, and do bring in here before your good honour two notorious benefactors. ANGELO. Benefactors! Well; what bene- factors are they? are they not malefactors? ELBOW. If it please your honour, I know not well what they are; but precise villains 73 they are, that I am sure of; and void of all profanation in the world that good Chris- tians ought to have. ESCALUS. This comes off well; here's a wise officer. ANGELO. Go to;–what quality are they of? Elbow is your name? Why dost thou not speak, Elbow? CLOWN. He cannot, sir; he's out at el- 74 bow. ANGELO. What are you, sir? ELBOW. He, sir? a tapster, sir; parcel- bawd; one that serves a bad woman; whose house, sir, was, as they say, plucked down in the suburbs; and now she professes a hot- house, which, I think, is a very ill house too. ESCALUS. How know you that? ELBOW. My wfe, sir, whom I detest 75 before heaven and your honour,– ESCALUS. How! thy wife! ELBOW. Ay, sir; who, I thank heaven, is an honest woman,– ESCALUS. Dost thou detest her there- fore? ELBOW. I say, sir, I will detest myself also, as well as she, that this house, if it be not a bawd's house, it is pity of her life, for 76 it is a naughty house. ESCALUS. How dost thou know that, constable? ELBOW. Marry, sir, by my wife; who, if she had been a woman cardinally given, might have been accused in fornication, adul- tery, and all uncleanliness there. ESCALUS. By the woman's means? ELBOW. Ay, sir, by Mistress Overdone's 77 means: but as she spit in his face, so she de- fied him. CLOWN. Sir, if it please your honour, this is not so. ELBOW. Prove it before these varlets here, thou honourable man, prove it. ESCALUS. [To ANGELO.] Do you hear how he misplaces? CLOWN. Sir, she came in great with 78 child; and longing,–saving your honour's reverence– for stew'd prunes; sir, we had but two in the house, which at that very distant time stood, as it were, in a fruit dish, a dish of some threepence; your honours have seen such dishes; they are not China dishes, but very good dishes. ESCALUS. Go to, go to; no matter for the dish, sir. 79 CLOWN. No, indeed, sir, not of a pin; you are therein in the right; but to the point. As I say, this Mistress Elbow, being, as I say, with child, and being great-bellied, and longing, as I said, for prunes; and having but two in the dish, as I said, Master Froth here, this very man, having eaten the rest, as I said, and, as I say, paying for them very honestly;–for, as you know, Master Froth, I 80 could not give you threepence again,– FROTH. No, indeed. CLOWN. Very well; you being then, if you be remember'd, cracking the stones of the foresaid prunes,– FROTH. Ay, so I did indeed. CLOWN. Why, very well: I telling you then, if you be remember'd, that such a one and such a one were past cure of the thing 81 you wot of, unless they kept very good diet, as I told you,– FROTH. All this is true. CLOWN. Why, very well then. ESCALUS. Come, you are a tedious fool: to the purpose. What was done to Elbow's wife that he hath cause to complain of? Come me to what was done to her. CLOWN. Sir, your honour cannot come 82 to that yet. ESCALUS. No, sir, nor I mean it not. CLOWN. Sir, but you shall come to it, by your honour's leave. And, I beseech you, look into Master Froth here, sir, a man of fourscore pound a-year; whose father died at Hallowmas:–was't not at Hallowmas, Mas- ter Froth? FROTH. All-hallond eve. 83 CLOWN. Why, very well; I hope here be truths: He, sir, sitting, as I say, in a lower chair, sir;–'twas in the 'Bunch of Grapes', where, indeed, you have a delight to sit, have you not?– FROTH. I have so; because it is an open room, and good for winter. CLOWN. Why, very well then;–I hope here be truths. 84 ANGELO. This will last out a night in Russia, When nights are longest there: I'll take my leave, And leave you to the hearing of the cause; Hoping you'll find good cause to whip them all. ESCALUS. I think no less. Good mor- row to your lordship. [Exit ANGELO.] Now, sir, come on; what was done to 85 Elbow's wife, once more? CLOWN. Once, sir? there was nothing done to her once. ELBOW. I beseech you, sir, ask him what this man did to my wife. CLOWN. I beseech your honour, ask me. ESCALUS. Well, sir: what did this gen- tleman to her? CLOWN. I beseech you, sir, look in this 86 gentleman's face.–Good Master Froth, look upon his honour; 'tis for a good purpose.– Doth your honour mark his face? ESCALUS. Ay, sir, very well. CLOWN. Nay, I beseech you, mark it well. ESCALUS. Well, I do so. CLOWN. Doth your honour see any harm in his face? 87 ESCALUS. Why, no. CLOWN. I'll be supposed upon a book his face is the worst thing about him. Good then; if his face be the worst thing about him, how could Master Froth do the con- stable's wife any harm? I would know that of your honour. ESCALUS. He's in the right. Consta- ble, what say you to it? 88 ELBOW. First, an it like you, the house is a respected house; next, this is a respected fellow; and his mistress is a respected woman. CLOWN. By this hand, sir, his wife is a more respected person than any of us all. ELBOW. Varlet, thou liest; thou liest, wicked varlet: the time is yet to come that she was ever respected with man, woman, or child. 89 CLOWN. Sir, she was respected with him before he married with her. ESCALUS. Which is the wiser here, Jus- tice or Iniquity?–is this true? ELBOW. O thou caitiff! O thou varlet! O thou wicked Hannibal! I respected with her before I was married to her? If ever I was respected with her, or she with me, let not your worship think me the poor duke's 90 officer.–Prove this, thou wicked Hannibal, or I'll have mine action of battery on thee. ESCALUS. If he took you a box o' th' ear, you might have your action of slander too. ELBOW. Marry, I thank your good wor- ship for it. What is't your worship's plea- sure I should do with this wicked caitiff? ESCALUS. Truly, officer, because he hath 91 some offences in him that thou wouldst dis- cover if thou couldst, let him continue in his courses till thou knowest what they are. ELBOW. Marry, I thank your worship for it.–Thou seest, thou wicked varlet, now, what's come upon thee; thou art to con- tinue now, thou varlet; thou art to continue. ESCALUS. [To FROTH.] Where were you born, friend? 92 FROTH. Here in Vienna, sir. ESCALUS. Are you of fourscore pounds a-year? FROTH. Yes, an't please you, sir. ESCALUS. So.–[To the CLOWN.] What trade are you of, sir? CLOWN. A tapster; a poor widow's tap- ster. ESCALUS. Your mistress' name? 93 CLOWN. Mistress Overdone. ESCALUS. Hath she had any more than one husband? CLOWN. Nine, sir; Overdone by the last. ESCALUS. Nine!–Come hither to me, Master Froth. Master Froth, I would not have you acquainted with tapsters: they will draw you, Master Froth, and you will 94 hang them. Get you gone, and let me hear no more of you. FROTH. I thank your worship. For mine own part, I never come into any room in a taphouse but I am drawn in. ESCALUS. Well, no more of it, Master Froth: farewell. [Exit FROTH.] –Come you hither to me, master tapster; 95 what's your name, master tapster? CLOWN. Pompey. ESCALUS. What else? CLOWN. Bum, sir. ESCALUS. 'Troth, and your bum is the greatest thing about you; so that, in the beastliest sense, you are Pompey the great. Pompey, you are partly a bawd, Pompey, howsoever you colour it in being a tapster. 96 Are you not? come, tell me true; it shall be the better for you. CLOWN. Truly, sir, I am a poor fellow that would live. ESCALUS. How would you live, Pom- pey? by being a bawd? What do you think of the trade, Pompey? is it a lawful trade? CLOWN. If the law would allow it, sir. ESCALUS. But the law will not allow 97 it, Pompey: nor it shall not be allowed in Vienna. CLOWN. Does your worship mean to geld and splay all the youth of the city? ESCALUS. No, Pompey. CLOWN. Truly, sir, in my poor opin- ion, they will to't then. If your worship will take order for the drabs and the knaves, you need not to fear the bawds. 98 ESCALUS. There is pretty orders be- ginning, I can tell you. It is but heading and hanging. CLOWN. If you head and hang all that offend that way but for ten year together, you'll be glad to give out a commission for more heads. If this law hold in Vienna ten year, I'll rent the fairest house in it, after threepence a bay. If you live to see this 99 come to pass, say Pompey told you so. ESCALUS. Thank you, good Pompey; and, in requital of your prophecy, hark you,– I advise you, let me not find you before me again upon any complaint whatsoever, no, not for dwelling where you do; if I do, Pom- pey, I shall beat you to your tent, and prove a shrewd Caesar to you; in plain dealing, Pompey, I shall have you whipt: so for this 100 time, Pompey, fare you well. CLOWN. I thank your worship for your good counsel; but I shall follow it as the flesh and fortune shall better determine. Whip me? No, no; let carman whip his jade; The valiant heart's not whipt out of his trade. [Exit.] ESCALUS. Come hither to me, Mas- ter Elbow; come hither, Master Constable. 101 How long have you been in this place of constable? ELBOW. Seven year and a half, sir. ESCALUS. I thought, by the readiness in the office, you had continued in it some time. You say seven years together? ELBOW. And a half, sir. ESCALUS. Alas, it hath been great pains to you!–They do you wrong to put you so 102 oft upon't. Are there not men in your ward sufficient to serve it? ELBOW. Faith, sir, few of any wit in such matters: as they are chosen, they are glad to choose me for them; I do it for some piece of money, and go through with all. ESCALUS. Look you, bring me in the names of some six or seven, the most suffi- cient of your parish. 103 ELBOW. To your worship's house, sir? ESCALUS. To my house. Fare you well. [Exit ELBOW.] What's o'clock, think you? JUSTICE. Eleven, sir. ESCALUS. I pray you home to dinner with me. JUSTICE. I humbly thank you. ESCALUS. It grieves me for the death 104 of Claudio; But there's no remedy. JUSTICE. Lord Angelo is severe. ESCALUS. It is but needful: Mercy is not itself that oft looks so; Pardon is still the nurse of second woe: But yet,–Poor Claudio!– There's no remedy. Come, sir. [Exeunt.] 105 SCENE II. Another room in the same. [Enter PROVOST and a SERVANT.] SERVANT. He's hearing of a cause; he will come straight. I'll tell him of you. PROVOST. Pray you do. [Exit Servant.] 106 I'll know His pleasure; may be he will relent. Alas, He hath but as offended in a dream! All sects, all ages, smack of this vice; and he To die for it! [Enter ANGELO.] ANGELO. Now, what's the matter, provost? PROVOST. Is it your will Claudio shall die to-morrow? ANGELO. Did not I tell thee yea? hadst 107 thou not order? Why dost thou ask again? PROVOST. Lest I might be too rash: Under your good correction, I have seen When, after execution, judgment hath Re- pented o'er his doom. ANGELO. Go to; let that be mine: Do you your office, or give up your place, And you shall well be spared. PROVOST. I crave your honour's par- 108 don: What shall be done, sir, with the groan- ing Juliet? She's very near her hour. ANGELO. Dispose of her To some more fitter place; and that with speed. [Re-enter Servant.] SERVANT. Here is the sister of the man condemned Desires access to you. ANGELO. Hath he a sister? PROVOST. Ay, my good lord; a very 109 virtuous maid, And to be shortly of a sis- terhood, If not already. ANGELO. Well, let her be admitted. [Exit Servant.] See you the fornicatress be remov'd; Let her have needful but not lavish means; There shall be order for it. [Enter Lucio and ISABELLA.] PROVOST. [Offering to retire.] Save your 110 honour! ANGELO. Stay a little while.– [To ISABELLA.] You are welcome. What's your will? ISABELLA. I am a woeful suitor to your honour, Please but your honour hear me. ANGELO. Well; what's your suit? ISABELLA. There is a vice that most I do abhor, And most desire should meet the blow of justice; For which I would not 111 plead, but that I must; For which I must not plead, but that I am At war 'twixt will and will not. ANGELO. Well; the matter? ISABELLA. I have a brother is condemn'd to die; I do beseech you, let it be his fault, And not my brother. PROVOST. Heaven give thee moving graces. ANGELO. Condemn the fault and not 112 the actor of it! Why, every fault's con- demn'd ere it be done; Mine were the very cipher of a function, To find the faults whose fine stands in record, And let go by the ac- tor. ISABELLA. O just but severe law! I had a brother, then.–Heaven keep your hon- our! [Retiring.] 113 LUCIO. [To ISABELLA.] Give't not o'er so: to him again, entreat him; Kneel down before him, hang upon his gown; You are too cold: if you should need a pin, You could not with more tame a tongue desire it: To him, I say. ISABELLA. Must he needs die? ANGELO. Maiden, no remedy. ISABELLA. Yes; I do think that you 114 might pardon him, And neither heaven nor man grieve at the mercy. ANGELO. I will not do't. ISABELLA. But can you, if you would? ANGELO. Look, what I will not, that I cannot do. ISABELLA. But might you do't, and do the world no wrong, If so your heart were touch'd with that remorse As mine is to 115 him? ANGELO. He's sentenc'd; 'tis too late. LUCIO. [To ISABELLA.] You are too cold. ISABELLA. Too late? Why, no; I, that do speak a word, May call it back again. Well, believe this, No ceremony that to great ones 'longs, Not the king's crown nor the deputed sword, The marshal's truncheon nor 116 the judge's robe, Become them with one half so good a grace As mercy does. If he had been as you, and you as he, You would have slipp'd like him; But he, like you, would not have been so stern. ANGELO. Pray you, be gone. ISABELLA. I would to heaven I had your potency, And you were Isabel! should it then be thus? No; I would tell what 117 'twere to be a judge And what a prisoner. LUCIO. [Aside.] Ay, touch him; there's the vein. ANGELO. Your brother is a forfeit of the law, And you but waste your words. ISABELLA. Alas! alas! Why, all the souls that were were forfeit once; And He that might the vantage best have took Found out the remedy. How would you be If He, 118 which is the top of judgment, should But judge you as you are? O, think on that; And mercy then will breathe within your lips, Like man new made. ANGELO. Be you content, fair maid: It is the law, not I, condemns your brother: Were he my kinsman, brother, or my son, It should be thus with him;–he must die to- morrow. 119 ISABELLA. To-morrow! O, that's sud- den! Spare him, spare him! He's not pre- pared for death. Even for our kitchens We kill the fowl of season: shall we serve heaven With less respect than we do minister To our gross selves? Good, good my lord, be- think you: Who is it that hath died for this offence? There's many have committed it. LUCIO. Ay, well said. 120 ANGELO. The law hath not been dead, though it hath slept: Those many had not dared to do that evil If the first that did the edict infringe Had answer'd for his deed: now 'tis awake; Takes note of what is done; and, like a prophet, Looks in a glass that shows what future evils,– Either now, or by remissness new conceiv'd, And so in progress to be hatch'd and born,– Are now to have 121 no successive degrees, But, where they live, to end. ISABELLA. Yet show some pity. ANGELO. I show it most of all when I show justice; For then I pity those I do not know, Which a dismiss'd offence would after gall, And do him right that, answering one foul wrong, Lives not to act another. Be satisfied; Your brother dies to-morrow; be 122 content. ISABELLA. So you must be the first that gives this sentence; And he that suf- fers. O, it is excellent To have a giant's strength; but it is tyrannous To use it like a giant. LUCIO. That's well said. ISABELLA. Could great men thunder As Jove himself does, Jove would ne'er be 123 quiet, For every pelting petty officer Would use his heaven for thunder: nothing but thunder.– Merciful Heaven! Thou rather, with thy sharp and sulphurous bolt, Splits the unwedgeable and gnarled oak Than the soft myrtle; but man, proud man! Dress'd in a little brief authority,– Most ignorant of what he's most assured, His glassy essence,– like an angry ape, Plays such fantastic tricks 124 before high heaven As makes the angels weep; who, with our spleens, Would all themselves laugh mortal. LUCIO. O, to him, to him, wench: he will relent; He's coming; I perceive 't. PROVOST. Pray heaven she win him! ISABELLA. We cannot weigh our brother with ourself: Great men may jest with saints: 'tis wit in them; But, in the less, foul pro- 125 fanation. LUCIO. Thou'rt i' the right, girl; more o' that. ISABELLA. That in the captain's but a choleric word Which in the soldier is flat blasphemy. LUCIO. Art advised o' that? more on't. ANGELO. Why do you put these say- ings upon me? 126 ISABELLA. Because authority, though it err like others, Hath yet a kind of medicine in itself That skins the vice o' the top. Go to your bosom; Knock there; and ask your heart what it doth know That's like my brother's fault: if it confess A natural guilti- ness such as is his, Let it not sound a thought upon your tongue Against my brother's life. ANGELO. She speaks, and 'tis Such sense 127 that my sense breeds with it.– Fare you well. ISABELLA. Gentle my lord, turn back. ANGELO. I will bethink me:–Come again to-morrow. ISABELLA. Hark how I'll bribe you. Good my lord, turn back. ANGELO. How! bribe me? ISABELLA. Ay, with such gifts that heaven 128 shall share with you. LUCIO. You had marr'd all else. ISABELLA. Not with fond shekels of the tested gold, Or stones, whose rates are either rich or poor As fancy values them: but with true prayers, That shall be up at heaven, and enter there, Ere sunrise: prayers from preserved souls, From fasting maids, whose minds are dedicate To nothing tem- 129 poral. ANGELO. Well; come to me To-morrow. LUCIO. [Aside to ISABELLA.] Go to; 'tis well; away. ISABELLA. Heaven keep your honour safe! ANGELO. [Aside.] Amen: for I Am that way going to temptation, Where prayers cross. 130 ISABELLA. At what hour to-morrow Shall I attend your lordship? ANGELO. At any time 'fore noon. ISABELLA. Save your honour! [Exeunt LUCIO, ISABELLA, PROVOST.] ANGELO. From thee; even from thy virtue!– What's this, what's this? Is this her fault or mine? The tempter or the tempted, who sins most? Ha! Not she; nor doth she 131 tempt; but it is I That, lying by the vio- let, in the sun Do, as the carrion does, not as the flower, Corrupt with virtuous season. Can it be That modesty may more betray our sense Than woman's lightness? Hav- ing waste ground enough, Shall we desire to raze the sanctuary, And pitch our evils there? O, fie, fie, fie! What dost thou? or what art thou, Angelo? Dost thou desire 132 her foully for those things That make her good? O, let her brother live; Thieves for their robbery have authority When judges steal themselves. What! do I love her, That I desire to hear her speak again And feast upon her eyes? What is't I dream on? O cunning enemy, that, to catch a saint, With saints dost bait thy hook! Most dangerous Is that temptation that doth goad us on To 133 sin in loving virtue: never could the strum- pet, With all her double vigour, art, and nature, Once stir my temper; but this virtu- ous maid Subdues me quite.–Ever till now, When men were fond, I smil'd and wonder'd how. [Exit.] 134 SCENE III. A Room in a prison. [Enter DUKE, habited like a Friar, and PROVOST.] DUKE. Hail to you, provost! so I think you are. PROVOST. I am the provost. What's your will, good friar? 135 DUKE. Bound by my charity and my bless'd order, I come to visit the afflicted spirits Here in the prison: do me the com- mon right To let me see them, and to make me know The nature of their crimes, that I may minister To them accordingly. PROVOST. I would do more than that, if more were needful. [Enter JULIET.] 136 Look, here comes one; a gentlewoman of mine, Who, falling in the flaws of her own youth, Hath blister'd her report. She is with child; And he that got it, sentenc'd: a young man More fit to do another such offence Than die for this. DUKE. When must he die? PROVOST. As I do think, to-morrow.– [To JULIET.] I have provided for you; stay 137 awhile And you shall be conducted. DUKE. Repent you, fair one, of the sin you carry? JULIET. I do; and bear the shame most patiently. DUKE. I'll teach you how you shall ar- raign your conscience, And try your peni- tence, if it be sound Or hollowly put on. JULIET. I'll gladly learn. 138 DUKE. Love you the man that wrong'd you? JULIET. Yes, as I love the woman that wrong'd him. DUKE. So then, it seems, your most of- fenceful act Was mutually committed. JULIET. Mutually. DUKE. Then was your sin of heavier kind than his. 139 JULIET. I do confess it, and repent it, father. DUKE. 'Tis meet so, daughter: but lest you do repent As that the sin hath brought you to this shame,– Which sorrow is always toward ourselves, not heaven, Showing we would not spare heaven as we love it, But as we stand in fear,– JULIET. I do repent me as it is an evil, 140 And take the shame with joy. DUKE. There rest. Your partner, as I hear, must die to-morrow, And I am go- ing with instruction to him.– Grace go with you! DUKE. Benedicite! [Exit.] JULIET. Must die to-morrow! O, in- jurious law, That respites me a life whose 141 very comfort Is still a dying horror! PROVOST. 'Tis pity of him. [Exeunt.] SCENE IV. A Room in AN- GELO'S house. [Enter ANGELO.] 142 ANGELO. When I would pray and think, I think and pray To several subjects. Heaven hath my empty words; Whilst my inven- tion, hearing not my tongue, Anchors on Isabel: Heaven in my mouth, As if I did but only chew his name; And in my heart the strong and swelling evil Of my concep- tion. The state whereon I studied Is, like a good thing, being often read, Grown sear'd 143 and tedious; yea, my gravity, Wherein–let no man hear me–I take pride, Could I with boot change for an idle plume, Which the air beats for vain. O place! O form! How often dost thou with thy case, thy habit, Wrench awe from fools, and tie the wiser souls To thy false seeming! Blood, thou art blood: Let's write good angel on the devil's horn, 'Tis not the devil's crest. 144 [Enter Servant.] How now, who's there? SERVANT. One Isabel, a sister, desires access to you. ANGELO. Teach her the way. [Exit SERVANT.] O heavens! Why does my blood thus muster to my heart, Making both it unable for itself And dispossessing all the other 145 parts Of necessary fitness? So play the fool- ish throngs with one that swoons; Come all to help him, and so stop the air By which he should revive: and even so The general, subject to a well-wished king Quit their own part, and in obsequious fondness Crowd to his presence, where their untaught love Must needs appear offence. [Enter ISABELLA.] 146 How now, fair maid? ISABELLA. I am come to know your pleasure. ANGELO. That you might know it, would much better please me Than to demand what 'tis. Your brother cannot live. ISABELLA. Even so?–Heaven keep your honour! [Retiring.] 147 ANGELO. Yet may he live awhile: and, it may be, As long as you or I: yet he must die. ISABELLA. Under your sentence? ANGELO. Yea. ISABELLA. When? I beseech you? that in his reprieve, Longer or shorter, he may be so fitted That his soul sicken not. ANGELO. Ha! Fie, these filthy vices! 148 It were as good To pardon him that hath from nature stolen A man already made, as to remit Their saucy sweetness that do coin heaven's image In stamps that are for- bid; 'tis all as easy Falsely to take away a life true made As to put metal in restrained means To make a false one. ISABELLA. 'Tis set down so in heaven, but not in earth. 149 ANGELO. Say you so? then I shall pose you quickly. Which had you rather,–that the most just law Now took your brother's life; or, to redeem him, Give up your body to such sweet uncleanness As she that he hath stain'd? ISABELLA. Sir, believe this, I had rather give my body than my soul. ANGELO. I talk not of your soul; our 150 compell'd sins Stand more for number than for accompt. ISABELLA. How say you? ANGELO. Nay, I'll not warrant that; for I can speak Against the thing I say. Answer to this;– I, now the voice of the recorded law, Pronounce a sentence on your brother's life: Might there not be a charity in sin, To save this brother's life? 151 ISABELLA. Please you to do't, I'll take it as a peril to my soul It is no sin at all, but charity. ANGELO. Pleas'd you to do't at peril of your soul, Were equal poise of sin and charity. ISABELLA. That I do beg his life, if it be sin, Heaven let me bear it! You granting of my suit, If that be sin, I'll make it my 152 morn prayer To have it added to the faults of mine, And nothing of your answer. ANGELO. Nay, but hear me: Your sense pursues not mine: either you are ignorant Or seem so, craftily; and that's not good. ISABELLA. Let me be ignorant, and in nothing good But graciously to know I am no better. ANGELO. Thus wisdom wishes to ap- 153 pear most bright When it doth tax itself: as these black masks Proclaim an enshielded beauty ten times louder Than beauty could, displayed.–But mark me; To be received plain, I'll speak more gross: Your brother is to die. ISABELLA. So. ANGELO. And his offence is so, as it appears, Accountant to the law upon that pain. 154 ISABELLA. True. ANGELO. Admit no other way to save his life,– As I subscribe not that, nor any other, But, in the loss of question,–that you, his sister, Finding yourself desir'd of such a person, Whose credit with the judge, or own great place, Could fetch your brother from the manacles Of the all-binding law; and that there were No earthly mean to 155 save him but that either You must lay down the treasures of your body To this suppos'd, or else to let him suffer; What would you do? ISABELLA. As much for my poor brother as myself: That is, were I under the terms of death, The impression of keen whips I'd wear as rubies, And strip myself to death, as to a bed That longing have been sick for, 156 ere I'd yield My body up to shame. ANGELO. Then must your brother die. ISABELLA. And 'twere the cheaper way: Better it were a brother died at once Than that a sister, by redeeming him, Should die for ever. ANGELO. Were not you, then, as cruel as the sentence That you have slandered so? ISABELLA. Ignominy in ransom and free 157 pardon Are of two houses; lawful mercy Is nothing kin to foul redemption. ANGELO. You seem'd of late to make the law a tyrant; And rather prov'd the sliding of your brother A merriment than a vice. ISABELLA. O, pardon me, my lord! It oft falls out, To have what we would have, we speak not what we mean: I something 158 do excuse the thing I hate For his advantage that I dearly love. ANGELO. We are all frail. ISABELLA. Else let my brother die, If not a feodary, but only he, Owe, and suc- ceed by weakness. ANGELO. Nay, women are frail too. ISABELLA. Ay, as the glasses where they view themselves; Which are as easy 159 broke as they make forms. Women! Help heaven! men their creation mar In profiting by them. Nay, call us ten times frail; For we are soft as our complexions are, And cred- ulous to false prints. ANGELO. I think it well: And from this testimony of your own sex,– Since, I suppose, we are made to be no stronger Than faults may shake our frames,–let me 160 be bold;– I do arrest your words. Be that you are, That is, a woman; if you be more, you're none; If you be one,–as you are well express'd By all external warrants,–show it now By putting on the destin'd livery. ISABELLA. I have no tongue but one: gentle, my lord, Let me intreat you, speak the former language. ANGELO. Plainly conceive, I love you. 161 ISABELLA. My brother did love Juliet; and you tell me That he shall die for it. ANGELO. He shall not, Isabel, if you give me love. ISABELLA. I know your virtue hath a license in't, Which seems a little fouler than it is, To pluck on others. ANGELO. Believe me, on mine honour, My words express my purpose. 162 ISABELLA. Ha! little honour to be much believed, And most pernicious purpose!–Seeming, seeming!– I will proclaim thee, Angelo; look for't: Sign me a present pardon for my brother Or, with an outstretch'd throat, I'll tell the world Aloud what man thou art. ANGELO. Who will believe thee, Isabel? My unsoil'd name, th' austereness of my life, My vouch against you, and my place 163 i' the state, Will so your accusation over- weigh That you shall stifle in your own re- port, And smell of calumny. I have begun, And now I give my sensual race the rein: Fit thy consent to my sharp appetite; Lay by all nicety and prolixious blushes That ban- ish what they sue for: redeem thy brother By yielding up thy body to my will; Or else he must not only die the death, But 164 thy unkindness shall his death draw out To lingering sufferance: answer me to-morrow, Or, by the affection that now guides me most, I'll prove a tyrant to him. As for you, Say what you can, my false o'erweighs your true. [Exit.] ISABELLA. To whom should I complain? Did tell this, Who would believe me? O 165 perilous mouths That bear in them one and the self-same tongue Either of condemna- tion or approof! Bidding the law make court'sy to their will; Hooking both right and wrong to the appetite, To follow as it draws! I'll to my brother: Though he hath fallen by prompture of the blood, Yet hath he in him such a mind of honour That, had he twenty heads to tender down On twenty bloody 166 blocks, he'd yield them up Before his sis- ter should her body stoop To such abhorr'd pollution. Then, Isabel, live chaste, and, brother, die: More than our brother is our chastity. I'll tell him yet of Angelo's re- quest, And fit his mind to death, for his soul's rest. [Exit.] 167 ACT III. SCENE I. A Room in the prison. [Enter DUKE, CLAUDIO, and PROVOST.] DUKE. So, then you hope of pardon from Lord Angelo? 168 CLAUDIO. The miserable have no other medicine But only hope: I have hope to live, and am prepar'd to die. DUKE. Be absolute for death; either death or life Shall thereby be the sweeter. Reason thus with life,– If I do lose thee, I do lose a thing That none but fools would keep: a breath thou art, Servile to all the skiey in- fluences, That dost this habitation, where 169 thou keep'st Hourly afflict; mere'y, thou art death's fool; For him thou labour'st by thy flight to shun, And yet runn'st toward him still. Thou art not noble; For all the accom- modations that thou bear'st Are nurs'd by baseness. Thou art by no means valiant; For thou dost fear the soft and tender fork Of a poor worm. Thy best of rest is sleep, And that thou oft provok'st; yet grossly 170 fear'st Thy death, which is no more. Thou art not thyself: For thou exist'st on many a thousand grains That issue out of dust. Happy thou art not; For what thou hast not, still thou striv'st to get; And what thou hast, forgett'st. Thou art not cer- tain; For thy complexion shifts to strange effects, After the moon. If thou art rich, thou art poor; For, like an ass whose back 171 with ingots bows, Thou bear'st thy heavy riches but a journey, And death unloads thee. Friend hast thou none; For thine own bowels, which do call thee sire, The mere effusion of thy proper loins, Do curse the gout, serpigo, and the rheum, For ending thee no sooner. Thou hast nor youth nor age, But, as it were, an after-dinner's sleep, Dreaming on both: for all thy blessed youth 172 Becomes as aged, and doth beg the alms Of palsied eld; and when thou art old and rich Thou hast neither heat, affection, limb, nor beauty, To make thy riches pleasant. What's yet in this That bears the name of life? Yet in this life Lie hid more thousand deaths: yet death we fear, That makes these odds all even. CLAUDIO. I humbly thank you. To sue 173 to live, I find I seek to die; And, seeking death, find life. Let it come on. ISABELLA. [Within.] What, ho! Peace here; grace and good company! PROVOST. Who's there? come in: the wish deserves a welcome. DUKE. Dear sir, ere long I'll visit you again. CLAUDIO. Most holy sir, I thank you. 174 [Enter ISABELLA.] ISABELLA. My business is a word or two with Claudio. PROVOST. And very welcome. Look, signior, here's your sister. DUKE. Provost, a word with you. PROVOST. As many as you please. DUKE. Bring me to hear them speak, where I may be conceal'd. 175 [Exeunt DUKE and PROVOST.] CLAUDIO. Now, sister, what's the com- fort? ISABELLA. Why, As all comforts are; most good, most good, in deed: Lord An- gelo, having affairs to heaven, Intends you for his swift ambassador, Where you shall be an everlasting leiger: Therefore, your best appointment make with speed; To-morrow 176 you set on. CLAUDIO. Is there no remedy? ISABELLA. None, but such remedy as, to save a head, To cleave a heart in twain. CLAUDIO. But is there any? ISABELLA. Yes, brother, you may live: There is a devilish mercy in the judge, If you'll implore it, that will free your life, But fetter you till death. 177 CLAUDIO. Perpetual durance? ISABELLA. Ay, just; perpetual durance; a restraint, Though all the world's vastidity you had, To a determin'd scope. CLAUDIO. But in what nature? ISABELLA. In such a one as, you con- senting to't, Would bark your honour from that trunk you bear, And leave you naked. CLAUDIO. Let me know the point. 178 ISABELLA. O, I do fear thee, Claudio; and I quake, Lest thou a feverous life shouldst entertain, And six or seven winters more respect Than a perpetual honour. Dar'st thou die? The sense of death is most in apprehension; And the poor beetle that we tread upon In corporal sufferance finds a pang as great As when a giant dies. CLAUDIO. Why give you me this shame? 179 Think you I can a resolution fetch From flowery tenderness? If I must die, I will en- counter darkness as a bride And hug it in mine arms. ISABELLA. There spake my brother; there my father's grave Did utter forth a voice! Yes, thou must die: Thou art too noble to conserve a life In base appliances. This outward-sainted deputy,– Whose set- 180 tled visage and deliberate word Nips youth i' the head, and follies doth emmew As fal- con doth the fowl,–is yet a devil; His filth within being cast, he would appear A pond as deep as hell. CLAUDIO. The precise Angelo? ISABELLA. O, 'tis the cunning livery of hell The damned'st body to invest and cover In precise guards! Dost thou think, 181 Claudio, If I would yield him my virginity Thou mightst be freed? CLAUDIO. O heavens! it cannot be. ISABELLA. Yes, he would give it thee, from this rank offence, So to offend him still. This night's the time That I should do what I abhor to name, Or else thou di- est to-morrow. CLAUDIO. Thou shalt not do't. 182 ISABELLA. O, were it but my life, I'd throw it down for your deliverance As frankly as a pin. CLAUDIO. Thanks, dear Isabel. ISABELLA. Be ready, Claudio, for your death to-morrow. CLAUDIO. Yes.–Has he affections in him That thus can make him bite the law by the nose When he would force it? Sure it is no 183 sin; Or of the deadly seven it is the least. ISABELLA. Which is the least? CLAUDIO. If it were damnable, he, be- ing so wise, Why would he for the momen- tary trick Be perdurably fined?–O Isabel! ISABELLA. What says my brother? CLAUDIO. Death is a fearful thing. ISABELLA. And shamed life a hateful. CLAUDIO. Ay, but to die, and go we 184 know not where; To lie in cold obstruction, and to rot; This sensible warm motion to become A kneaded clod; and the delighted spirit To bathe in fiery floods or to reside In thrilling regions of thick-ribbed ice; To be imprison'd in the viewless winds, And blown with restless violence round about The pendent world; or to be worse than worst Of those that lawless and incertain 185 thought Imagine howling!–'tis too horrible! The weariest and most loathed worldly life That age, ache, penury, and imprisonment Can lay on nature is a paradise To what we fear of death. ISABELLA. Alas, alas! CLAUDIO. Sweet sister, let me live: What sin you do to save a brother's life Nature dispenses with the deed so far That it be- 186 comes a virtue. ISABELLA. O you beast! O faithless coward! O dishonest wretch! Wilt thou be made a man out of my vice? Is't not a kind of incest to take life From thine own sis- ter's shame? What should I think? Heaven shield my mother play'd my father fair! For such a warped slip of wilderness Ne'er is- sued from his blood. Take my defiance: 187 Die; perish! might but my bending down Reprieve thee from thy fate, it should pro- ceed: I'll pray a thousand prayers for thy death,– No word to save thee. CLAUDIO. Nay, hear me, Isabel. ISABELLA. O fie, fie, fie! Thy sin's not accidental, but a trade: Mercy to thee would prove itself a bawd: 'Tis best that thou diest quickly. 188 [Going.] CLAUDIO. O, hear me, Isabella. [Re-enter DUKE.] DUKE. Vouchsafe a word, young sister, but one word. ISABELLA. What is your will? DUKE. Might you dispense with your leisure, I would by and by have some speech with you: the satisfaction I would require is 189 likewise your own benefit. ISABELLA. I have no superfluous leisure; my stay must be stolen out of other affairs; but I will attend you awhile. DUKE. [To CLAUDIO aside.] Son, I have overheard what hath passed between you and your sister. Angelo had never the pur- pose to corrupt her; only he hath made an assay of her virtue to practise his judgment 190 with the disposition of natures; she, hav- ing the truth of honour in her, hath made him that gracious denial which he is most glad to receive: I am confessor to Angelo, and I know this to be true; therefore pre- pare yourself to death. Do not satisfy your resolution with hopes that are fallible: to- morrow you must die; go to your knees and make ready. 191 CLAUDIO. Let me ask my sister par- don. I am so out of love with life that I will sue to be rid of it. DUKE. Hold you there. Farewell. [Exit CLAUDIO.] [Re-enter PROVOST.] Provost, a word with you. PROVOST. What's your will, father? DUKE. That, now you are come, you 192 will be gone. Leave me a while with the maid; my mind promises with my habit no loss shall touch her by my company. PROVOST. In good time. [Exit PROVOST.] DUKE. The hand that hath made you fair hath made you good; the goodness that is cheap in beauty makes beauty brief in goodness; but grace, being the soul of your 193 complexion, shall keep the body of it ever fair. The assault that Angelo hath made to you, fortune hath conveyed to my un- derstanding; and, but that frailty hath ex- amples for his falling, I should wonder at Angelo. How will you do to content this substitute, and to save your brother? ISABELLA. I am now going to resolve him; I had rather my brother die by the 194 law than my son should be unlawfully born. But, O, how much is the good duke deceived in Angelo! If ever he return, and I can speak to him, I will open my lips in vain, or dis- cover his government. DUKE. That shall not be much amiss: yet, as the matter now stands, he will avoid your accusation; he made trial of you only.– Therefore fasten your ear on my advisings; 195 to the love I have in doing good a rem- edy presents itself. I do make myself be- lieve that you may most uprighteously do a poor wronged lady a merited benefit; re- deem your brother from the angry law; do no stain to your own gracious person; and much please the absent duke, if peradven- ture he shall ever return to have hearing of this business. 196 ISABELLA. Let me hear you speak fur- ther; I have spirit to do anything that ap- pears not foul in the truth of my spirit. DUKE. Virtue is bold, and goodness never fearful. Have you not heard speak of Mari- ana, the sister of Frederick, the great soldier who miscarried at sea? ISABELLA. I have heard of the lady, and good words went with her name. 197 DUKE. She should this Angelo have mar- ried; was affianced to her by oath, and the nuptial appointed: between which time of the contract and limit of the solemnity her brother Frederick was wrecked at sea, hav- ing in that perished vessel the dowry of his sister. But mark how heavily this befell to the poor gentlewoman: there she lost a no- ble and renowned brother, in his love to- 198 ward her ever most kind and natural; with him the portion and sinew of her fortune, her marriage-dowry; with both, her combi- nate husband, this well-seeming Angelo. ISABELLA. Can this be so? Did Angelo so leave her? DUKE. Left her in her tears, and dried not one of them with his comfort; swallowed his vows whole, pretending, in her, discov- 199 eries of dishonour; in few, bestow'd her on her own lamentation, which she yet wears for his sake; and he, a marble to her tears, is washed with them, but relents not. ISABELLA. What a merit were it in death to take this poor maid from the world! What corruption in this life that it will let this man live!–But how out of this can she avail? 200 DUKE. It is a rupture that you may eas- ily heal; and the cure of it not only saves your brother, but keeps you from dishon- our in doing it. ISABELLA. Show me how, good father. DUKE. This forenamed maid hath yet in her the continuance of her first affection; his unjust unkindness, that in all reason should have quenched her love, hath, like 201 an impediment in the current, made it more violent and unruly. Go you to Angelo; an- swer his requiring with a plausible obedi- ence; agree with his demands to the point: only refer yourself to this advantage,–first, that your stay with him may not be long; that the time may have all shadow and si- lence in it; and the place answer to con- venience: this being granted in course, and 202 now follows all. We shall advise this wronged maid to stead up your appointment, go in your place; if the encounter acknowledge it- self hereafter, it may compel him to her rec- ompense: and here, by this, is your brother saved, your honour untainted, the poor Mar- iana advantaged, and the corrupt deputy scaled. The maid will I frame and make fit for his attempt. If you think well to carry 203 this as you may, the doubleness of the ben- efit defends the deceit from reproof. What think you of it? ISABELLA. The image of it gives me content already; and I trust it will grow to a most prosperous perfection. DUKE. It lies much in your holding up. Haste you speedily to Angelo; if for this night he entreat you to his bed, give him 204 promise of satisfaction. I will presently to Saint Luke's; there, at the moated grange, resides this dejected Mariana. At that place call upon me; and despatch with Angelo, that it may be quickly. ISABELLA. I thank you for this com- fort. Fare you well, good father. [Exeunt severally.] 205 Scene II. The Street before the Prison. [Enter DUKE, as a Friar; to him, ELBOW, CLOWN and Officers.] ELBOW. Nay, if there be no remedy for it, but that you will needs buy and sell men and women like beasts, we shall have all the 206 world drink brown and white bastard. DUKE. O heavens! what stuff is here? CLOWN. 'Twas never merry world since, of two usuries, the merriest was put down, and the worser allowed by order of law a furred gown to keep him warm; and furred with fox on lamb-skins too, to signify that craft, being richer than innocency, stands for the facing. 207 ELBOW. Come your way, sir.–Bless you, good father friar. DUKE. And you, good brother father. What offence hath this man made you, sir? ELBOW. Marry, sir, he hath offended the law; and, sir, we take him to be a thief too, sir; for we have found upon him, sir, a strange picklock, which we have sent to the deputy. 208 DUKE. Fie, sirrah, a bawd, a wicked bawd; The evil that thou causest to be done, That is thy means to live. Do thou but think What 'tis to cram a maw or clothe a back From such a filthy vice: say to thyself– From their abominable and beastly touches I drink, I eat, array myself, and live. Canst thou believe thy living is a life, So stinkingly depending? Go mend, go mend. 209 CLOWN. Indeed, it does stink in some sort, sir; but yet, sir, I would prove– DUKE. Nay, if the devil have given thee proofs for sin, Thou wilt prove his. Take him to prison, officer; Correction and in- struction must both work Ere this rude beast will profit. ELBOW. He must before the deputy, sir; he has given him warning: The deputy 210 cannot abide a whoremaster: if he be a whoremaster, and comes before him, he were as good go a mile on his errand. DUKE. That we were all, as some would seem to be, Free from our faults, as faults from seeming free! ELBOW. His neck will come to your waist, a cord, sir. CLOWN. I spy comfort; I cry bail! Here's 211 a gentleman, and a friend of mine. [Enter LUCIO.] LUCIO. How now, noble Pompey? What, at the wheels of Caesar! Art thou led in tri- umph? What, is there none of Pygmalion's images, newly made woman, to be had now, for putting the hand in the pocket and ex- tracting it clutched? What reply, ha? What say'st thou to this tune, matter, and method? 212 Is't not drowned i' the last rain, ha? What say'st thou to't? Is the world as it was, man? Which is the way? Is it sad, and few words? or how? The trick of it? DUKE. Still thus, and thus! still worse! LUCIO. How doth my dear morsel, thy mistress? Procures she still, ha? CLOWN. Troth, sir, she hath eaten up all her beef, and she is herself in the tub. 213 LUCIO. Why, 'tis good: it is the right of it: it must be so: ever your fresh whore and your powdered bawd–an unshunned conse- quence:; it must be so. Art going to prison, Pompey? CLOWN. Yes, faith, sir. LUCIO. Why, 'tis not amiss, Pompey. Farewell; go, say I sent thee thither. For debt, Pompey? or how? 214 ELBOW. For being a bawd, for being a bawd. LUCIO. Well, then, imprison him: if imprisonment be the due of a bawd, why, 'tis his right: bawd is he doubtless, and of antiquity, too: bawd-born. Farewell, good Pompey. Commend me to the prison, Pom- pey. You will turn good husband now, Pom- pey; you will keep the house. 215 CLOWN. I hope, sir, your good worship will be my bail. LUCIO. No, indeed, will I not, Pom- pey; it is not the wear. I will pray, Pom- pey, to increase your bondage: if you take it not patiently, why, your mettle is the more. Adieu, trusty Pompey.–Bless you, friar. DUKE. And you. LUCIO. Does Bridget paint still, Pom- 216 pey, ha? ELBOW. Come your ways, sir; come. CLOWN. You will not bail me then, sir? LUCIO. Then, Pompey, nor now.–What news abroad, friar? what news? ELBOW. Come your ways, sir; come. LUCIO. Go,–to kennel, Pompey, go: [Exeunt ELBOW, CLOWN, and Officers.] What news, friar, of the duke? 217 DUKE. I know none. Can you tell me of any? LUCIO. Some say he is with the Em- peror of Russia; other some, he is in Rome: but where is he, think you? DUKE. I know not where; but whereso- ever, I wish him well. LUCIO. It was a mad fantastical trick of him to steal from the state and usurp 218 the beggary he was never born to. Lord Angelo dukes it well in his absence; he puts transgression to't. DUKE. He does well in't. LUCIO. A little more lenity to lechery would do no harm in him: something too crabbed that way, friar. DUKE. It is too general a vice, and sever- ity must cure it. 219 LUCIO. Yes, in good sooth, the vice is of a great kindred; it is well allied: but it is im- possible to extirp it quite, friar, till eating and drinking be put down. They say this Angelo was not made by man and woman after this downright way of creation: is it true, think you? DUKE. How should he be made, then? LUCIO. Some report a sea-maid spawned 220 him; some, that he was begot between two stock-fishes.–But it is certain that when he makes water, his urine is congealed ice; that I know to be true. And he is a motion un- generative; that's infallible. DUKE. You are pleasant, sir, and speak apace. LUCIO. Why, what a ruthless thing is this in him, for the rebellion of a codpiece 221 to take away the life of a man! Would the duke that is absent have done this? Ere he would have hanged a man for the getting a hundred bastards, he would have paid for the nursing a thousand. He had some feel- ing of the sport; he knew the service, and that instructed him to mercy. DUKE. I never heard the absent duke much detected for women; he was not in- 222 clined that way. LUCIO. O, sir, you are deceived. DUKE. 'Tis not possible. LUCIO. Who, not the duke? yes, your beggar of fifty;–and his use was to put a ducat in her clack-dish: the duke had crotch- ets in him. He would be drunk too: that let me inform you. DUKE. You do him wrong, surely. 223 LUCIO. Sir, I was an inward of his. A shy fellow was the duke: and I believe I know the cause of his withdrawing. DUKE. What, I pr'ythee, might be the cause? LUCIO. No,–pardon;–'tis a secret must be locked within the teeth and the lips: but this I can let you understand,–the greater file of the subject held the duke to be wise. 224 DUKE. Wise? why, no question but he was. LUCIO. A very superficial, ignorant, un- weighing fellow. DUKE. Either this is envy in you, folly, or mistaking; the very stream of his life, and the business he hath helmed, must, upon a warranted need, give him a better procla- mation. Let him be but testimonied in his 225 own bringings forth, and he shall appear to the envious a scholar, a statesman, and a soldier. Therefore you speak unskilfully; or, if your knowledge be more, it is much darkened in your malice. LUCIO. Sir, I know him, and I love him. DUKE. Love talks with better knowl- edge, and knowledge with dearer love. LUCIO. Come, sir, I know what I know. 226 DUKE. I can hardly believe that, since you know not what you speak. But, if ever the duke return,–as our prayers are he may,– let me desire you to make your answer be- fore him. If it be honest you have spoke, you have courage to maintain it: I am bound to call upon you; and, I pray you, your name? LUCIO. Sir, my name is Lucio; well known to the duke. 227 DUKE. He shall know you better, sir, if I may live to report you. LUCIO. I fear you not. DUKE. O, you hope the duke will return no more; or you imagine me too unhurtful an opposite. But, indeed, I can do you little harm: you'll forswear this again. LUCIO. I'll be hanged first! thou art deceived in me, friar. But no more of this. 228 Canst thou tell if Claudio die to-morrow or no? DUKE. Why should he die, sir? LUCIO. Why? for filling a bottle with a tun-dish. I would the duke we talk of were returned again: this ungenitured agent will unpeople the province with continency; spar- rows must not build in his house-eaves be- cause they are lecherous. The duke yet would 229 have dark deeds darkly answered; he would never bring them to light: would he were re- turned! Marry, this Claudio is condemned for untrussing. Farewell, good friar; I pr'ythee pray for me. The duke, I say to thee again, would eat mutton on Fridays. He's not past it; yet, and, I say to thee, he would mouth with a beggar though she smelt brown bread and garlic. Say that I said so.–Farewell. 230 [Exit.] DUKE. No might nor greatness in mor- tality Can censure 'scape; back-wounding calumny The whitest virtue strikes. What king so strong Can tie the gall up in the slanderous tongue? But who comes here? [Enter ESCALUS, PROVOST, BAWD, and Officers.] ESCALUS. Go, away with her to prison. 231 BAWD. Good my lord, be good to me; your honour is accounted a merciful man; good my lord. ESCALUS. Double and treble admoni- tion, and still forfeit in the same kind? This would make mercy swear and play the tyrant. PROVOST. A bawd of eleven years' con- tinuance, may it please your honour. BAWD. My lord, this is one Lucio's in- 232 formation against me: Mistress Kate Keep- down was with child by him in the duke's time; he promised her marriage: his child is a year and a quarter old come Philip and Jacob; I have kept it myself; and see how he goes about to abuse me. ESCALUS. That fellow is a fellow of much license:–let him be called before us.– Away with her to prison. Go to; no more 233 words. [Exeunt BAWD and Officers.] Provost, my brother Angelo will not be altered, Claudio must die to-morrow: let him be furnished with divines, and have all charitable preparation: if my brother wrought by my pity it should not be so with him. PROVOST. So please you, this friar hath 234 been with him, and advised him for the en- tertainment of death. ESCALUS. Good even, good father. DUKE. Bliss and goodness on you! ESCALUS. Of whence are you? DUKE. Not of this country, though my chance is now To use it for my time: I am a brother Of gracious order, late come from the see In special business from his holiness. 235 ESCALUS. What news abroad i' the world? DUKE. None, but that there is so great a fever on goodness, that the dissolution of it must cure it: novelty is only in request; and as it is as dangerous to be aged in any kind of course as it is virtuous to be con- stant in any undertaking. There is scarce truth enough alive to make societies secure; but security enough to make fellowships ac- 236 curst: much upon this riddle runs the wis- dom of the world. This news is old enough, yet it is every day's news. I pray you, sir, of what disposition was the duke? ESCALUS. One that, above all other strifes, contended especially to know him- self. DUKE. What pleasure was he given to? ESCALUS. Rather rejoicing to see an- 237 other merry, than merry at anything which professed to make him rejoice: a gentleman of all temperance. But leave we him to his events, with a prayer they may prove pros- perous; and let me desire to know how you find Claudio prepared. I am made to un- derstand that you have lent him visitation. DUKE. He professes to have received no sinister measure from his judge, but most 238 willingly humbles himself to the determina- tion of justice: yet had he framed to him- self, by the instruction of his frailty, many deceiving promises of life; which I, by my good leisure, have discredited to him, and now he is resolved to die. ESCALUS. You have paid the heavens your function, and the prisoner the very debt of your calling. I have laboured for 239 the poor gentleman to the extremest shore of my modesty; but my brother justice have I found so severe that he hath forced me to tell him he is indeed –justice. DUKE. If his own life answer the strait- ness of his proceeding, it shall become him well: wherein if he chance to fail, he hath sentenced himself. ESCALUS. I am going to visit the pris- 240 oner. Fare you well. DUKE. Peace be with you! [Exeunt ESCALUS and PROVOST.] He who the sword of heaven will bear Should be as holy as severe; Pattern in him- self to know, Grace to stand, and virtue go; More nor less to others paying Than by self-offences weighing. Shame to him whose cruel striking Kills for faults of his 241 own liking! Twice treble shame on Angelo, To weed my vice and let his grow! O, what may man within him hide, Though angel on the outward side! How may likeness, made in crimes, Make a practice on the times, To draw with idle spiders' strings Most pond'rous and substantial things! Craft against vice I must apply; With Angelo to- night shall lie His old betrothed but de- 242 spis'd; So disguise shall, by the disguis'd, Pay with falsehood false exacting, And per- form an old contracting. [Exit.] 243 Act IV. Scene I. A Room in Mari- ana's House. [MARIANA discovered sitting; a Boy singing.] SONG Take, O, take those lips away, That so sweetly were forsworn; And those 244 eyes, the break of day, Lights that do mis- lead the morn: But my kisses bring again Bring again; Seals of love, but seal'd in vain, Sealed in vain. MARIANA. Break off thy song, and haste thee quick away; Here comes a man of com- fort, whose advice Hath often still'd my brawl- ing discontent.– [Exit BOY.] [Enter DUKE.] 245 I cry you mercy, sir; and well could wish You had not found me here so musical: Let me excuse me, and believe me so, My mirth it much displeas'd, but pleas'd my woe. DUKE. 'Tis good: though music oft hath such a charm To make bad good and good provoke to harm. I pray you ,tell me hath anybody inquired for me here to-day? much upon this time have I promised here to meet. 246 MARIANA. You have not been inquired after: I have sat here all day. [Enter ISABELLA.] DUKE. I do constantly believe you.–The time is come even now. I shall crave your forbearance a little: may be I will call upon you anon, for some advantage to yourself. MARIANA. I am always bound to you. [Exit.] 247 DUKE. Very well met, and welcome. What is the news from this good deputy? ISABELLA. He hath a garden circum- mur'd with brick, Whose western side is with a vineyard back'd; And to that vine- yard is a planched gate That makes his open- ing with this bigger key: This other doth command a little door Which from the vine- yard to the garden leads; There have I made 248 my promise to call on him Upon the heavy middle of the night. DUKE. But shall you on your knowl- edge find this way? ISABELLA. I have ta'en a due and wary note upon't; With whispering and most guilty diligence, In action all of precept, he did show me The way twice o'er. DUKE. Are there no other tokens Be- 249 tween you 'greed concerning her observance? ISABELLA. No, none, but only a repair i' the dark; And that I have possess'd him my most stay Can be but brief: for I have made him know I have a servant comes with me along, That stays upon me; whose per- suasion is I come about my brother. DUKE. 'Tis well borne up. I have not yet made known to Mariana A word of this.– 250 What ho, within! come forth. [Re-enter MARIANA.] I pray you be acquainted with this maid; She comes to do you good. ISABELLA. I do desire the like. DUKE. Do you persuade yourself that I respect you? MARIANA. Good friar, I know you do, and have found it. 251 DUKE. Take, then, this your compan- ion by the hand, Who hath a story ready for your ear: I shall attend your leisure; but make haste; The vaporous night ap- proaches. MARIANA. Will't please you walk aside? [Exeunt MARIANA and ISABELLA.] DUKE. O place and greatness, millions of false eyes Are stuck upon thee! volumes 252 of report Run with these false, and most contrarious quest Upon thy doings! Thou- sand 'scapes of wit Make thee the father of their idle dream, And rack thee in their fancies!–Welcome! how agreed? [Re-enter MARIANA and ISABELLA.] ISABELLA. She'll take the enterprise upon her, father, If you advise it. DUKE. It is not my consent, But my 253 entreaty too. ISABELLA. Little have you to say, When you depart from him, but, soft and low, 'Re- member now my brother.' MARIANA. Fear me not. DUKE. Nor, gentle daughter, fear you not at all; He is your husband on a pre- contract: To bring you thus together 'tis no sin, Sith that the justice of your title to 254 him Doth flourish the deceit. Come, let us go; Our corn's to reap, for yet our tithe's to sow. [Exeunt.] 255 SCENE II. A Room in the prison. [Enter PROVOST and CLOWN.] PROVOST. Come hither, sirrah. Can you cut off a man's head? CLOWN. If the man be a bachelor, sir, I can: but if he be a married man, he's 256 his wife's head, and I can never cut off a woman's head. PROVOST. Come, sir, leave me your snatches and yield me a direct answer. To- morrow morning are to die Claudio and Barnar- dine. Here is in our prison a common execu- tioner, who in his office lacks a helper; if you will take it on you to assist him, it shall re- deem you from your gyves; if not, you shall 257 have your full time of imprisonment, and your deliverance with an unpitied whipping; for you have been a notorious bawd. CLOWN. Sir, I have been an unlawful bawd time out of mind; but yet I will be content to be a lawful hangman. I would be glad to receive some instruction from my fellow-partner. PROVOST. What ho, Abhorson! Where's 258 Abhorson, there? [Enter ABHORSON.] ABHORSON. Do you call, sir? PROVOST. Sirrah, here's a fellow will help you to-morrow in your execution. If you think it meet, compound with him by the year, and let him abide here with you; if not, use him for the present, and dismiss him. He cannot plead his estimation with 259 you; he hath been a bawd. ABHORSON. A bawd, sir? Fie upon him; he will discredit our mystery. PROVOST. Go to, sir; you weigh equally; a feather will turn the scale. [Exit.] CLOWN. Pray, sir, by your good favour,– for, surely, sir, a good favour you have, but that you have a hanging look,–do you call, 260 sir, your occupation a mystery? ABHORSON. Ay, sir; a mystery. CLOWN. Painting, sir, I have heard say, is a mystery; and your whores, sir, being members of my occupation, using painting, do prove my occupation a mystery: but what mystery there should be in hanging, if I should be hanged, I cannot imagine. ABHORSON. Sir, it is a mystery. 261 CLOWN. Proof. ABHORSON. Every true man's apparel fits your thief: if it be too little for your thief, your true man thinks it big enough; if it be too big for your thief, your thief thinks it little enough; so every true man's apparel fits your thief. [Re-enter PROVOST.] PROVOST. Are you agreed? 262 CLOWN. Sir, I will serve him; for I do find your hangman is a more penitent trade than your bawd; he doth oftener ask for- giveness. PROVOST. You, sirrah, provide your block and your axe to-morrow four o'clock. ABHORSON. Come on, bawd; I will in- struct thee in my trade; follow. CLOWN. I do desire to learn, sir; and 263 I hope, if you have occasion to use me for your own turn, you shall find me yare; for truly, sir, for your kindness I owe you a good turn. PROVOST. Call hither Barnardine and Claudio. [Exeunt CLOWN and ABHORSON.] One has my pity; not a jot the other, Be- ing a murderer, though he were my brother. 264 [Enter CLAUDIO.] Look, here's the warrant, Claudio, for thy death: 'Tis now dead midnight, and by eight to-morrow Thou must be made im- mortal. Where's Barnardine? CLAUDIO. As fast lock'd up in sleep as guiltless labour When it lies starkly in the traveller's bones: He will not wake. PROVOST. Who can do good on him? 265 Well, go, prepare yourself. But hark, what noise? [Knocking within.] Heaven give your spirits comfort! [Exit CLAUDIO.] By and by!– I hope it is some pardon or reprieve For the most gentle Claudio.– Welcome, father. [Enter DUKE.] DUKE. The best and wholesom'st spir- 266 its of the night Envelop you, good provost! Who call'd here of late? PROVOST. None, since the curfew rung. DUKE. Not Isabel? PROVOST. No. DUKE. They will then, ere't be long. PROVOST. What comfort is for Clau- dio? DUKE. There's some in hope. 267 PROVOST. It is a bitter deputy. DUKE. Not so, not so: his life is par- allel'd Even with the stroke and line of his great justice; He doth with holy abstinence subdue That in himself which he spurs on his power To qualify in others: were he meal'd With that which he corrects, then were he tyrannous; But this being so, he's just.–Now are they come. 268 [Knocking within–PROVOST goes out.] This is a gentle provost: seldom when The steeled gaoler is the friend of men.– How now? what noise? That spirit's pos- sess'd with haste That wounds the unsisting postern with these strokes. [PROVOST returns, speaking to one at the door.] PROVOST. There he must stay until 269 the officer Arise to let him in; he is call'd up. DUKE. Have you no countermand for Claudio yet, But he must die to-morrow? PROVOST. None, sir, none. DUKE. As near the dawning, Provost, as it is, You shall hear more ere morning. PROVOST. Happily You something know; yet I believe there comes No countermand; 270 no such example have we: Besides, upon the very siege of justice, Lord Angelo hath to the public ear Profess'd the contrary. [Enter a Messenger.] DUKE. This is his lordship's man. DUKE. And here comes Claudio's par- don. MESSENGER. My lord hath sent you this note; and by me this further charge, 271 that you swerve not from the smallest arti- cle of it, neither in time, matter, or other circumstance. Good morrow; for as I take it, it is almost day. PROVOST. I shall obey him. [Exit Messenger.] DUKE. [Aside.] This is his pardon, pur- chas'd by such sin, For which the pardoner himself is in: Hence hath offence his quick 272 celerity, When it is borne in high author- ity: When vice makes mercy, mercy's so extended That for the fault's love is the of- fender friended.– Now, sir, what news? PROVOST. I told you: Lord Angelo, belike thinking me remiss in mine office, awakens me with this unwonted putting-on; methinks strangely, for he hath not used it before. 273 DUKE. Pray you, let's hear. PROVOST. [Reads.] 'Whatsoever you may hear to the contrary, let Claudio be executed by four of the clock; and, in the afternoon, Barnardine: for my better satis- faction, let me have Claudio's head sent me by five. Let this be duly performed; with a thought that more depends on it than we must yet deliver. Thus fail not to do your 274 office, as you will answer it at your peril.' What say you to this, sir? DUKE. What is that Barnardine who is to be executed in the afternoon? PROVOST. A Bohemian born; but here nursed up and bred: one that is a prisoner nine years old. DUKE. How came it that the absent duke had not either delivered him to his lib- 275 erty or executed him? I have heard it was ever his manner to do so. PROVOST. His friends still wrought re- prieves for him; and, indeed, his fact, till now in the government of Lord Angelo, came not to an undoubtful proof. DUKE. It is now apparent? PROVOST. Most manifest, and not de- nied by himself. 276 DUKE. Hath he borne himself penitently in prison? How seems he to be touched? PROVOST. A man that apprehends death no more dreadfully but as a drunken sleep; careless, reckless, and fearless, of what's past, present, or to come; insensible of mortality and desperately mortal. DUKE. He wants advice. PROVOST. He will hear none; he hath 277 evermore had the liberty of the prison; give him leave to escape hence, he would not: drunk many times a-day, if not many days entirely drunk. We have very oft awaked him, as if to carry him to execution, and showed him a seeming warrant for it: it hath not moved him at all. DUKE. More of him anon. There is written in your brow, Provost, honesty and 278 constancy: if I read it not truly, my ancient skill beguiles me; but in the boldness of my cunning I will lay myself in hazard. Clau- dio, whom here you have warrant to exe- cute, is no greater forfeit to the law than Angelo who hath sentenced him. To make you understand this in a manifested effect, I crave but four days' respite; for the which you are to do me both a present and a dan- 279 gerous courtesy. PROVOST. Pray, sir, in what? DUKE. In the delaying death. PROVOST. Alack! How may I do it? having the hour limited; and an express command, under penalty, to deliver his head in the view of Angelo? I may make my case as Claudio's, to cross this in the smallest. DUKE. By the vow of mine order, I war- 280 rant you, if my instructions may be your guide. Let this Barnardine be this morning executed, and his head borne to Angelo. PROVOST. Angelo hath seen them both, and will discover the favour. DUKE. O, death's a great disguiser: and you may add to it. Shave the head and tie the beard; and say it was the desire of the penitent to be so bared before his 281 death. You know the course is common. If anything fall to you upon this, more than thanks and good fortune, by the saint whom I profess, I will plead against it with my life. PROVOST. Pardon me, good father; it is against my oath. DUKE. Were you sworn to the duke, or to the deputy? PROVOST. To him and to his substi- 282 tutes. DUKE. You will think you have made no offence if the duke avouch the justice of your dealing? PROVOST. But what likelihood is in that? DUKE. Not a resemblance, but a cer- tainty. Yet since I see you fearful, that neither my coat, integrity, nor persuasion, 283 can with ease attempt you, I will go further than I meant, to pluck all fears out of you. Look you, sir, here is the hand and seal of the duke. You know the character, I doubt not; and the signet is not strange to you. PROVOST. I know them both. DUKE. The contents of this is the re- turn of the duke; you shall anon over-read it at your pleasure, where you shall find 284 within these two days he will be here. This is a thing that Angelo knows not: for he this very day receives letters of strange tenour: perchance of the duke's death; perchance entering into some monastery; but, by chance, nothing of what is writ. Look, the unfold- ing star calls up the shepherd. Put not yourself into amazement how these things should be: all difficulties are but easy when 285 they are known. Call your executioner, and off with Barnardine's head: I will give him a present shrift, and advise him for a better place. Yet you are amazed: but this shall absolutely resolve you. Come away; it is almost clear dawn. [Exeunt.] 286 SCENE III. Another Room in the same. [Enter CLOWN.] CLOWN. I am as well acquainted here as I was in our house of profession: one would think it were Mistress Overdone's own house, for here be many of her old cus- 287 tomers. First, here's young Master Rash; he's in for a commodity of brown paper and old ginger, nine score and seventeen pounds; of which he made five marks ready money: marry, then ginger was not much in request, for the old women were all dead. Then is there here one Master Caper, at the suit of Master Threepile the mercer, for some four suits of peach- coloured satin, 288 which now peaches him a beggar. Then have we here young Dizy, and young Mas- ter Deepvow, and Master Copperspur, and Master Starvelackey, the rapier and dagger man, and young Dropheir that killed lusty Pudding, and Master Forthlight the tilter, and brave Master Shoetie the great trav- eller, and wild Halfcan that stabbed Pots, and, I think, forty more; all great doers in 289 our trade, and are now 'for the Lord's sake.' [Enter ABHORSON.] ABHORSON. Sirrah, bring Barnardine hither. CLOWN. Master Barnardine! You must rise and be hanged, Master Barnardine! ABHORSON. What ho, Barnardine! BARNARDINE. [Within.] A pox o' your throats! Who makes that noise there? What 290 are you? CLOWN. Your friend, sir; the hangman. You must be so good, sir, to rise and be put to death. BARNARDINE. [Within.] Away, you rogue, away; I am sleepy. ABHORSON. Tell him he must awake, and that quickly too. CLOWN. Pray, Master Barnardine, awake 291 till you are executed, and sleep afterwards. ABHORSON. Go in to him, and fetch him out. CLOWN. He is coming, sir, he is com- ing; I hear his straw rustle. [Enter BARNARDINE.] ABHORSON. Is the axe upon the block, sirrah? CLOWN. Very ready, sir. 292 BARNARDINE. How now, Abhorson? what's the news with you? ABHORSON. Truly, sir, I would desire you to clap into your prayers; for, look you, the warrant's come. BARNARDINE. You rogue, I have been drinking all night; I am not fitted for't. CLOWN. O, the better, sir; for he that drinks all night and is hanged betimes in 293 the morning may sleep the sounder all the next day. [Enter DUKE.] ABHORSON. Look you, sir, here comes your ghostly father. Do we jest now, think you? DUKE. Sir, induced by my charity, and hearing how hastily you are to depart, I am come to advise you, comfort you, and pray 294 with you. BARNARDINE. Friar, not I; I have been drinking hard all night, and I will have more time to prepare me, or they shall beat out my brains with billets: I will not consent to die this day, that's certain. DUKE. O, Sir, you must; and therefore I beseech you, Look forward on the journey you shall go. 295 BARNARDINE. I swear I will not die to-day for any man's persuasion. DUKE. But hear you,– BARNARDINE. Not a word; if you have anything to say to me, come to my ward; for thence will not I to-day. [Exit.] DUKE. Unfit to live or die. O gravel heart!– After him, fellows; bring him to the 296 block. [Exeunt ABHORSON and CLOWN.] [Enter PROVOST.] PROVOST. Now, sir, how do you find the prisoner? DUKE. A creature unprepar'd, unmeet for death; And to transport him in the mind he is Were damnable. PROVOST. Here in the prison, father, 297 There died this morning of a cruel fever One Ragozine, a most notorious pirate, A man of Claudio's years; his beard and head Just of his colour. What if we do omit This reprobate till he were well inclined; And satisfy the deputy with the visage Of Ragozine, more like to Claudio? DUKE. O, 'tis an accident that Heaven provides! Despatch it presently; the hour 298 draws on Prefix'd by Angelo: see this be done, And sent according to command; whiles I Persuade this rude wretch willingly to die. PROVOST. This shall be done, good fa- ther, presently. But Barnardine must die this afternoon: And how shall we continue Claudio, To save me from the danger that might come If he were known alive? DUKE. Let this be done;– Put them in 299 secret holds; both Barnardine and Claudio. Ere twice the sun hath made his journal greeting To the under generation, you shall find Your safety manifested. PROVOST. I am your free dependant. DUKE. Quick, dispatch, and send the head to Angelo. [Exit PROVOST.] Now will I write letters to Angelo,– The 300 provost, he shall bear them,–whose contents Shall witness to him I am near at home, And that, by great injunctions, I am bound To enter publicly: him I'll desire To meet me at the consecrated fount, A league be- low the city; and from thence, By cold gra- dation and well-balanced form. We shall proceed with Angelo. [Re-enter PROVOST.] 301 PROVOST. Here is the head; I'll carry it myself. DUKE. Convenient is it. Make a swift return; For I would commune with you of such things That want no ear but yours. PROVOST. I'll make all speed. [Exit.] ISABELLA. [Within.] Peace, ho, be here! DUKE. The tongue of Isabel.–She's come 302 to know If yet her brother's pardon be come hither: But I will keep her ignorant of her good, To make her heavenly comforts of de- spair When it is least expected. [Enter ISABELLA.] ISABELLA. Ho, by your leave! DUKE. Good morning to you, fair and gracious daughter. ISABELLA. The better, given me by so 303 holy a man. Hath yet the deputy sent my brother's pardon? DUKE. He hath released him, Isabel, from the world: His head is off and sent to Angelo. ISABELLA. Nay, but it is not so. DUKE. It is no other: Show your wis- dom, daughter, in your close patience. ISABELLA. O, I will to him and pluck 304 out his eyes! DUKE. You shall not be admitted to his sight. ISABELLA. Unhappy Claudio! Wretched Isabel! Injurious world! Most damned An- gelo! DUKE. This nor hurts him nor profits you a jot: Forbear it, therefore; give your cause to Heaven. Mark what I say; which 305 you shall find By every syllable a faithful verity: The duke comes home to-morrow;– nay, dry your eyes; One of our convent, and his confessor, Gives me this instance. Al- ready he hath carried Notice to Escalus and Angelo, Who do prepare to meet him at the gates, There to give up their power. If you can, pace your wisdom In that good path that I would wish it go, And you shall have 306 your bosom on this wretch, Grace of the duke, revenges to your heart, And general honour. ISABELLA. I am directed by you. DUKE. This letter, then, to Friar Pe- ter give; 'Tis that he sent me of the duke's return. Say, by this token, I desire his com- pany At Mariana's house to-night. Her cause and yours I'll perfect him withal; and he 307 shall bring you Before the duke; and to the head of Angelo Accuse him home, and home. For my poor self, I am combined by a sa- cred vow, And shall be absent. Wend you with this letter: Command these fretting waters from your eyes With a light heart; trust not my holy order, If I pervert your course.–Who's here? [Enter LUCIO.] 308 LUCIO. Good even. Friar, where is the provost? DUKE. Not within, sir. LUCIO. O pretty Isabella, I am pale at mine heart to see thine eyes so red; thou must be patient: I am fain to dine and sup with water and bran; I dare not for my head fill my belly; one fruitful meal would set me to't. But they say the duke will be here to- 309 morrow. By my troth, Isabel, I loved thy brother. If the old fantastical duke of dark corners had been at home, he had lived. [Exit ISABELLA.] DUKE. Sir, the duke is marvellous little beholding to your reports; but the best is, he lives not in them. LUCIO. Friar, thou knowest not the duke so well as I do: he's a better woodman than 310 thou takest him for. DUKE. Well, you'll answer this one day. Fare ye well. LUCIO. Nay, tarry; I'll go along with thee; I can tell thee pretty tales of the duke. DUKE. You have told me too many of him already, sir, if they be true: if not true, none were enough. LUCIO. I was once before him for get- 311 ting a wench with child. DUKE. Did you such a thing? LUCIO. Yes, marry, did I; but I was fain to forswear it: they would else have married me to the rotten medlar. DUKE. Sir, your company is fairer than honest. Rest you well. LUCIO. By my troth, I'll go with thee to the lane's end. If bawdy talk offend you, 312 we'll have very little of it. Nay, friar, I am a kind of burr; I shall stick. [Exeunt.] SCENE IV. A Room in AN- GELO'S house. [Enter ANGELO and ESCALUS.] 313 ESCALUS. Every letter he hath writ hath disvouched other. ANGELO. In most uneven and distracted manner. His actions show much like to mad- ness; pray heaven his wisdom be not tainted! And why meet him at the gates, and re- deliver our authorities there? ESCALUS. I guess not. ANGELO. And why should we proclaim 314 it in an hour before his entering that, if any crave redress of injustice, they should ex- hibit their petitions in the street? ESCALUS. He shows his reason for that: to have a dispatch of complaints; and to de- liver us from devices hereafter, which shall then have no power to stand against us. ANGELO. Well, I beseech you, let it be proclaim'd: Betimes i' the morn I'll call you 315 at your house: Give notice to such men of sort and suit As are to meet him. ESCALUS. I shall, sir: fare you well. [Exit.] ANGELO. Good night.– This deed un- shapes me quite, makes me unpregnant, And dull to all proceedings. A deflower'd maid! And by an eminent body that enforced The law against it!–But that her tender shame 316 Will not proclaim against her maiden loss, How might she tongue me? Yet reason dares her–no: For my authority bears a so cre- dent bulk, That no particular scandal once can touch But it confounds the breather. He should have liv'd, Save that his riotous youth, with dangerous sense, Might in the times to come have ta'en revenge, By so receiving a dishonour'd life With ransom of 317 such shame. Would yet he had liv'd! Alack, when once our grace we have forgot, Noth- ing goes right; we would, and we would not. [Exit.] 318 SCENE V. Fields without the town. [Enter DUKE in his own habit, and Friar PETER.] DUKE. These letters at fit time deliver me. [Giving letters.] The provost knows our purpose and our plot. The matter being 319 afoot, keep your instruction And hold you ever to our special drift; Though sometimes you do blench from this to that As cause doth minister. Go, call at Flavius' house, And tell him where I stay: give the like no- tice To Valentinus, Rowland, and to Cras- sus, And bid them bring the trumpets to the gate; But send me Flavius first. PETER. It shall be speeded well. 320 [Exit FRIAR.] [Enter VARRIUS.] DUKE. I thank thee, Varrius; thou hast made good haste: Come, we will walk. There's other of our friends Will greet us here anon, my gentle Varrius. [Exeunt.] 321 SCENE VI. Street near the City Gate. [Enter ISABELLA and MARIANA.] ISABELLA. To speak so indirectly I am loath; I would say the truth; but to accuse him so, That is your part: yet I am advis'd to do it; He says, to 'vailfull purpose. 322 MARIANA. Be ruled by him. ISABELLA. Besides, he tells me that, if peradventure He speak against me on the adverse side, I should not think it strange; for 'tis a physic That's bitter to sweet end. MARIANA. I would Friar Peter.– ISABELLA. O, peace! the friar is come. [Enter FRIAR PETER.] PETER. Come, I have found you out a 323 stand most fit, Where you may have such vantage on the duke He shall not pass you. Twice have the trumpets sounded; The gen- erous and gravest citizens Have hent the gates, and very near upon The duke is en- tering; therefore, hence, away. [Exeunt.] 324 ACT V. SCENE I. A public place near the city gate. [MARIANA (veiled), ISABELLA, and PE- TER, at a distance. Enter at opposite doors DUKE, VARRIUS, Lords; ANGELO, ES- 325 CALUS, LUCIO, PROVOST, Officers, and Citizens.] DUKE. My very worthy cousin, fairly met;– Our old and faithful friend, we are glad to see you. ANGELO and ESCALUS. Happy return be to your royal grace! DUKE. Many and hearty thankings to you both. We have made inquiry of you; 326 and we hear Such goodness of your justice that our soul Cannot but yield you forth to public thanks, Forerunning more requital. ANGELO. You make my bonds still greater. DUKE. O, your desert speaks loud; and I should wrong it To lock it in the wards of covert bosom, When it deserves, with char- acters of brass, A forted residence 'gainst the tooth of time And rasure of oblivion. 327 Give me your hand, And let the subject see, to make them know That outward courte- sies would fain proclaim Favours that keep within.–Come, Escalus; You must walk by us on our other hand: And good supporters are you. [Enter PETER and ISABELLA come forward.] PETER. Now is your time; speak loud, and kneel before him. 328 ISABELLA. Justice, O royal duke! Vail your regard Upon a wrong'd, I'd fain have said, a maid! O worthy prince, dishonour not your eye By throwing it on any other object Till you have heard me in my true complaint, And given me justice, justice, justice, justice! DUKE. Relate your wrongs. In what? By whom? Be brief: Here is Lord Angelo 329 shall give you justice. Reveal yourself to him. ISABELLA. O worthy duke, You bid me seek redemption of the devil: Hear me yourself; for that which I must speak Must either punish me, not being believ'd, Or wring redress from you; hear me, O, hear me here! ANGELO. My lord, her wits, I fear me, 330 are not firm: She hath been a suitor to me for her brother, Cut off by course of justice. ISABELLA. By course of justice! ANGELO. And she will speak most bit- terly and strange. ISABELLA. Most strange, but yet most truly, will I speak: That Angelo's forsworn, is it not strange? That Angelo's a mur- derer, is't not strange? That Angelo is an 331 adulterous thief, An hypocrite, a virgin-violator, Is it not strange and strange? DUKE. Nay, it is ten times strange. ISABELLA. It is not truer he is Angelo Than this is all as true as it is strange: Nay, it is ten times true; for truth is truth To the end of reckoning. DUKE. Away with her!–Poor soul, She speaks this in the infirmity of sense. 332 ISABELLA. O prince! I conjure thee, as thou believ'st There is another comfort than this world, That thou neglect me not with that opinion That I am touch'd with madness: make not impossible That which but seems unlike; 'tis not impossible But one, the wicked'st caitiff on the ground, May seem as shy, as grave, as just, as absolute, As Angelo; even so may Angelo, In all his 333 dressings, characts, titles, forms, Be an arch- villain; believe it, royal prince, If he be less, he's nothing; but he's more, Had I more name for badness. DUKE. By mine honesty, If she be mad, as I believe no other, Her madness hath the oddest frame of sense, Such a dependency of thing on thing, As e'er I heard in madness. ISABELLA. O gracious duke, Harp not 334 on that: nor do not banish reason For in- equality; but let your reason serve To make the truth appear where it seems hid And hide the false seems true. DUKE. Many that are not mad Have, sure, more lack of reason.–What would you say? ISABELLA. I am the sister of one Clau- dio, Condemn'd upon the act of fornica- 335 tion To lose his head; condemn'd by An- gelo: I, in probation of a sisterhood, Was sent to by my brother: one Lucio As then the messenger;– LUCIO. That's I, an't like your grace: I came to her from Claudio, and desir'd her To try her gracious fortune with Lord An- gelo For her poor brother's pardon. ISABELLA. That's he, indeed. 336 DUKE. You were not bid to speak. LUCIO. No, my good lord; Nor wish'd to hold my peace. DUKE. I wish you now, then; Pray you take note of it: and when you have A busi- ness for yourself, pray Heaven you then Be perfect. LUCIO. I warrant your honour. DUKE. The warrant's for yourself; take 337 heed to it. ISABELLA. This gentleman told some- what of my tale. LUCIO. Right. DUKE. It may be right; but you are in the wrong To speak before your time.– Proceed. ISABELLA. I went To this pernicious caitiff deputy. 338 DUKE. That's somewhat madly spoken. ISABELLA. Pardon it; The phrase is to the matter. DUKE. Mended again. The matter;– proceed. ISABELLA. In brief,–to set the needless process by, How I persuaded, how I pray'd, and kneel'd, How he refell'd me, and how I replied,– For this was of much length,– 339 the vile conclusion I now begin with grief and shame to utter: He would not, but by gift of my chaste body To his concupisci- ble intemperate lust, Release my brother; and, after much debatement, My sisterly remorse confutes mine honour, And I did yield to him. But the next morn betimes, His purpose surfeiting, he sends a warrant For my poor brother's head. 340 DUKE. This is most likely! ISABELLA. O, that it were as like as it is true! DUKE. By heaven, fond wretch, thou know'st not what thou speak'st, Or else thou art suborn'd against his honour In hate- ful practice. First, his integrity Stands with- out blemish:–next, it imports no reason That with such vehemency he should pursue Faults 341 proper to himself: if he had so offended, He would have weigh'd thy brother by him- self, And not have cut him off. Some one hath set you on; Confess the truth, and say by whose advice Thou cam'st here to com- plain. ISABELLA. And is this all? Then, O you blessed ministers above, Keep me in pa- tience; and, with ripen'd time, Unfold the 342 evil which is here wrapt up In countenance!– Heaven shield your grace from woe, As I, thus wrong'd, hence unbelieved go! DUKE. I know you'd fain be gone.–An officer! To prison with her!–Shall we thus permit A blasting and a scandalous breath to fall On him so near us? This needs must be a practice. Who knew of your intent and coming hither? 343 ISABELLA. One that I would were here, Friar Lodowick. DUKE. A ghostly father, belike. Who knows that Lodowick? LUCIO. My lord, I know him; 'tis a meddling friar. I do not like the man: had he been lay, my lord, For certain words he spake against your grace In your retirement, I had swing'd him soundly. 344 DUKE. Words against me? This's a good friar, belike! And to set on this wretched woman here Against our substitute!–Let this friar be found. LUCIO. But yesternight, my lord, she and that friar, I saw them at the prison: a saucy friar, A very scurvy fellow. PETER. Bless'd be your royal grace! I have stood by, my lord, and I have heard 345 Your royal ear abus'd. First, hath this woman Most wrongfully accus'd your substitute; Who is as free from touch or soil with her As she from one ungot. DUKE. We did believe no less. Know you that Friar Lodowick that she speaks of? PETER. I know him for a man divine and holy; Not scurvy, nor a temporary med- dler, As he's reported by this gentleman; 346 And, on my trust, a man that never yet Did, as he vouches, misreport your grace. LUCIO. My lord, most villainously; be- lieve it. PETER. Well, he in time may come to clear himself; But at this instant he is sick, my lord, Of a strange fever. Upon his mere request,– Being come to knowledge that there was complaint Intended 'gainst Lord Angelo,– 347 came I hither To speak, as from his mouth, what he doth know Is true and false; and what he, with his oath And all probation, will make up full clear, Whensoever he's convented. First, for this woman– To jus- tify this worthy nobleman, So vulgarly and personally accus'd,– Her shall you hear dis- proved to her eyes, Till she herself confess it. 348 DUKE. Good friar, let's hear it. [ISABELLA is carried off, guarded; and MARIANA comes forward.] Do you not smile at this, Lord Angelo?– O heaven! the vanity of wretched fools! Give us some seats.–Come, cousin Angelo; In this I'll be impartial; be you judge Of your own cause.–Is this the witness, friar? First let her show her face, and after speak. 349 MARIANA. Pardon, my lord; I will not show my face Until my husband bid me. DUKE. What! are you married? MARIANA. No, my lord. DUKE. Are you a maid? MARIANA. No, my lord. DUKE. A widow, then? MARIANA. Neither, my lord. DUKE. Why, you are nothing then:–neither 350 maid, widow, nor wife? LUCIO. My lord, she may be a punk; for many of them are neither maid, widow, nor wife. DUKE. Silence that fellow: I would he had some cause To prattle for himself. LUCIO. Well, my lord. MARIANA. My lord, I do confess I ne'er was married, And I confess, besides, I am 351 no maid: I have known my husband; yet my husband knows not That ever he knew me. LUCIO. He was drunk, then, my lord; it can be no better. DUKE. For the benefit of silence, would thou wert so too! LUCIO. Well, my lord. DUKE. This is no witness for Lord An- gelo. 352 MARIANA. Now I come to't, my lord: She that accuses him of fornication, In self- same manner doth accuse my husband; And charges him, my lord, with such a time When I'll depose I had him in mine arms, With all the effect of love. ANGELO. Charges she more than me? MARIANA. Not that I know. DUKE. No? you say your husband. 353 MARIANA. Why, just, my lord, and that is Angelo, Who thinks he knows that he ne'er knew my body, But knows he thinks that he knows Isabel's. ANGELO. This is a strange abuse.–Let's see thy face. MARIANA. My husband bids me; now I will unmask. [Unveiling.] This is that face, thou cruel Angelo, Which once thou swor'st 354 was worth the looking on: This is the hand which, with a vow'd contract, Was fast be- lock'd in thine; this is the body That took away the match from Isabel, And did sup- ply thee at thy garden-house In her ima- gin'd person. DUKE. Know you this woman? LUCIO. Carnally, she says. DUKE. Sirrah, no more. 355 LUCIO. Enough, my lord. ANGELO. My lord, I must confess I know this woman; And five years since there was some speech of marriage Betwixt my- self and her; which was broke off, 356 Partly for that her promis'd proportions Came short of composition; but in chief For that her reputation was disvalued In levity: since which time of five years I never spake with her, saw her, nor heard from her, Upon my faith and honour. 357 MARIANA. Noble prince, As there comes light from heaven and words from breath, As there is sense in truth and truth in virtue, I am affianc'd this man's wife as strongly As words could make up vows: and, my good lord, But Tuesday night last gone, in his garden-house, He knew me as a wife. As this is true, Let me in safety raise me from my knees, Or else for ever be confixed here, 358 A marble monument! ANGELO. I did but smile till now; Now, good my lord, give me the scope of jus- tice; My patience here is touch'd. I do perceive These poor informal women are no more But instruments of some more might- ier member That sets them on. Let me have way, my lord, To find this practice out. DUKE. Ay, with my heart; And punish 359 them to your height of pleasure.– Thou fool- ish friar, and thou pernicious woman, Com- pact with her that's gone, thinkst thou thy oaths, Though they would swear down each particular saint, Were testimonies against his worth and credit, That's seal'd in approbation?– You, Lord Escalus, Sit with my cousin; lend him your kind pains To find out this abuse, whence 'tis deriv'd.– There is another friar 360 that set them on; Let him be sent for. PETER. Would lie were here, my lord; for he indeed Hath set the women on to this complaint: Your provost knows the place where he abides, And he may fetch him. DUKE. Go, do it instantly.– [Exit PROVOST.] And you, my noble and well-warranted cousin, Whom it concerns to hear this mat- 361 ter forth, Do with your injuries as seems you best In any chastisement. I for a while Will leave you: but stir not you till you have well Determined upon these slanderers. ESCALUS. My lord, we'll do it throughly. [Exit DUKE.] Signior Lucio, did not you say you knew that Friar Lodowick to be a dishonest per- son? 362 LUCIO. 'Cucullus non facit monachum': honest in nothing but in his clothes; and one that hath spoke most villainous speeches of the duke. ESCALUS. We shall entreat you to abide here till he come and enforce them against him: we shall find this friar a notable fellow. LUCIO. As any in Vienna, on my word. ESCALUS. Call that same Isabel here 363 once again [to an Attendant]; I would speak with her. Pray you, my lord, give me leave to question; you shall see how I'll handle her. LUCIO. Not better than he, by her own report. ESCALUS. Say you? LUCIO. Marry, sir, I think, if you han- dled her privately, she would sooner confess: 364 perchance, publicly, she'll be ashamed. [Re-enter Officers, with ISABELLA.] ESCALUS. I will go darkly to work with her. LUCIO. That's the way; for women are light at midnight. ESCALUS. Come on, mistress [to ISABELLA]; here's a gentlewoman denies all that you have said. 365 LUCIO. My lord, here comes the rascal I spoke of, here with the Provost. [Re-enter the DUKE in his friar's habit, and PROVOST.] ESCALUS. In very good time:–speak not you to him till we call upon you. LUCIO. Mum. ESCALUS. Come, sir: did you set these women on to slander Lord Angelo? they 366 have confessed you did. DUKE. 'Tis false. ESCALUS. How! Know you where you are? DUKE. Respect to your great place! and let the devil Be sometime honour'd for his burning throne!– Where is the duke? 'tis he should hear me speak. ESCALUS. The duke's in us; and we 367 will hear you speak: Look you speak justly. DUKE. Boldly, at least. But, O, poor souls, Come you to seek the lamb here of the fox, Good night to your redress! Is the duke gone? Then is your cause gone too. The duke's unjust Thus to retort your manifest appeal, And put your trial in the villain's mouth Which here you come to accuse. LUCIO. This is the rascal; this is he I 368 spoke of. ESCALUS. Why, thou unreverend and unhallow'd friar, Is't not enough thou hast suborn'd these women To accuse this wor- thy man, but, in foul mouth, And in the witness of his proper ear, To call him vil- lain? And then to glance from him to the duke himself, To tax him with injustice? Take him hence; To the rack with him!– 369 We'll touze you joint by joint, But we will know his purpose.–What! unjust? DUKE. Be not so hot; the duke Dare no more stretch this finger of mine than he Dare rack his own; his subject am I not, Nor here provincial. My business in this state Made me a looker-on here in Vienna, Where I have seen corruption boil and bub- ble Till it o'errun the stew: laws for all 370 faults, But faults so countenanc'd that the strong statutes Stand like the forfeits in a barber's shop, As much in mock as mark. ESCALUS. Slander to the state! Away with him to prison! ANGELO. What can you vouch against him, Signior Lucio? Is this the man that you did tell us of? LUCIO. 'Tis he, my lord. Come hither, 371 good-man bald-pate. Do you know me? DUKE. I remember you, sir, by the sound of your voice. I met you at the prison, in the absence of the duke. LUCIO. O did you so? And do you re- member what you said of the duke? DUKE. Most notedly, sir. LUCIO. Do you so, sir? And was the duke a fleshmonger, a fool, and a coward, 372 as you then reported him to be? DUKE. You must, sir, change persons with me ere you make that my report: you, indeed, spoke so of him; and much more, much worse. LUCIO. O thou damnable fellow! Did not I pluck thee by the nose for thy speeches? DUKE. I protest I love the duke as I love myself. 373 ANGELO. Hark how the villain would gloze now, after his treasonable abuses! ESCALUS. Such a fellow is not to be talked withal. Away with him to prison!– Where is the provost?–Away with him to prison! lay bolts enough upon him: let him speak no more.–Away with those giglots too, and with the other confederate companion! [The PROVOST lays hands on the DUKE.] 374 DUKE. Stay, sir; stay awhile. ANGELO. What! resists he?–Help him, Lucio. LUCIO. Come, sir; come, sir! come, sir; foh, sir! Why, you bald-pated lying rascal! you must be hooded, must you? Show your knave's visage, with a pox to you! show your sheep-biting face, and be hanged an hour! Will't not off? 375 [Pulls off the Friar's hood and discovers the DUKE.] DUKE. Thou art the first knave that e'er made a duke.– First, Provost, let me bail these gentle three:– Sneak not away, sir[To Lucio.]; for the friar and you Must have a word anon:–Lay hold on him. LUCIO. This may prove worse than hang- ing. 376 DUKE. What you have spoke I pardon; sit you down.–[To ESCALUS.] We'll borrow place of him.–[To ANGELO.] Sir, by your leave. Hast thou or word, or wit, or impu- dence, That yet can do thee office? If thou hast, Rely upon it till my tale be heard, And hold no longer out. ANGELO. O my dread lord, I should be guiltier than my guiltiness, To think I 377 can be undiscernible, When I perceive your grace, like power divine, Hath look'd upon my passes. Then, good Prince, No longer session hold upon my shame, But let my trial be mine own confession: Immediate sentence then, and sequent death, Is all the grace I beg. DUKE. Come hither, Mariana:– Say, wast thou e'er contracted to this woman? 378 ANGELO. I was, my lord. DUKE. Go, take her hence and marry her instantly. Do you the office, friar; which consummate, Return him here again.–Go with him, Provost. [Exeunt ANGELO, MARIANA, PETER, and PROVOST.] ESCALUS. My lord, I am more amazed at his dishonour Than at the strangeness of 379 it. DUKE. Come hither, Isabel: Your friar is now your prince. As I was then Advertis- ing and holy to your business, Not chang- ing heart with habit, I am still Attorney'd at your service. ISABELLA. O, give me pardon, That I, your vassal, have employ'd and pain'd Your unknown sovereignty. 380 DUKE. You are pardon'd, Isabel. And now, dear maid, be you as free to us. Your brother's death, I know, sits at your heart; And you may marvel why I obscur'd myself, Labouring to save his life, and would not rather Make rash remonstrance of my hid- den power Than let him so be lost. O most kind maid, It was the swift celerity of his death, Which I did think with slower foot 381 came on, That brain'd my purpose. But peace be with him! That life is better life, past fearing death, Than that which lives to fear: make it your comfort, So happy is your brother. ISABELLA. I do, my lord. [Re-enter ANGELO, MARIANA, PETER, and PROVOST.] DUKE. For this new-married man ap- 382 proaching here, Whose salt imagination yet hath wrong'd Your well-defended honour, you must pardon For Mariana's sake: but as he adjudg'd your brother,– Being crim- inal, in double violation Of sacred chastity and of promise-breach, Thereon dependent, for your brother's life,– The very mercy of the law cries out Most audible, even from his proper tongue, 'An Angelo for Claudio, 383 death for death.' Haste still pays haste, and leisure answers leisure; Like doth quit like, and measure still for measure. Then, An- gelo, thy fault's thus manifested,– Which, though thou wouldst deny, denies thee vantage.– We do condemn thee to the very block Where Claudio stoop'd to death, and with like haste.– Away with him. MARIANA. O my most gracious lord, I 384 hope you will not mock me with a husband! DUKE. It is your husband mock'd you with a husband. Consenting to the safe- guard of your honour, I thought your mar- riage fit; else imputation, For that he knew you, might reproach your life, And choke your good to come: for his possessions, Al- though by confiscation they are ours, We do instate and widow you withal To buy you a 385 better husband. MARIANA. O my dear lord, I crave no other, nor no better man. DUKE. Never crave him; we are defini- tive. MARIANA. Gentle my liege–[Kneeling.] DUKE. You do but lose your labour.– Away with him to death!–[To LUCIO.] Now, sir, to you. 386 MARIANA. O my good lord!–Sweet Is- abel, take my part; Lend me your knees, and all my life to come I'll lend you all my life to do you service. DUKE. Against all sense you do impor- tune her. Should she kneel down in mercy of this fact, Her brother's ghost his paved bed would break, And take her hence in horror. 387 MARIANA. Isabel, Sweet Isabel, do yet but kneel by me; Hold up your hands, say nothing,–I'll speak all. They say, best men moulded out of faults; And, for the most, become much more the better For being a little bad: so may my husband. O Isabel, will you not lend a knee? DUKE. He dies for Claudio's death. ISABELLA. [Kneeling.] Most bounteous 388 sir, Look, if it please you, on this man con- demn'd, As if my brother liv'd: I partly think A due sincerity govern'd his deeds Till he did look on me; since it is so, Let him not die. My brother had but justice, In that he did the thing for which he died: For Angelo, His act did not o'ertake his bad intent, And must be buried but as an intent That per- ish'd by the way. Thoughts are no subjects; 389 Intents but merely thoughts. MARIANA. Merely, my lord. DUKE. Your suit's unprofitable; stand up, I say.– I have bethought me of another fault.– Provost, how came it Claudio was beheaded At an unusual hour? PROVOST. It was commanded so. DUKE. Had you a special warrant for the deed? 390 PROVOST. No, my good lord; it was by private message. DUKE. For which I do discharge you of your office: Give up your keys. PROVOST. Pardon me, noble lord: I thought it was a fault, but knew it not; Yet did repent me, after more advice: For tes- timony whereof, one in the prison, That should by private order else have died, I 391 have reserved alive. DUKE. What's he? PROVOST. His name is Barnardine. DUKE. I would thou hadst done so by Claudio.– Go fetch him hither; let me look upon him. [Exit PROVOST.] ESCALUS. I am sorry one so learned and so wise As you, Lord Angelo, have still 392 appear'd, Should slip so grossly, both in the heat of blood And lack of temper'd judg- ment afterward. ANGELO. I am sorry that such sorrow I procure: And so deep sticks it in my peni- tent heart That I crave death more willingly than mercy; 'Tis my deserving, and I do en- treat it. [Re-enter PROVOST, with BARNAR- 393 DINE, CLAUDIO (muffled) and JULIET.] DUKE. Which is that Barnardine? PROVOST. This, my lord. DUKE. There was a friar told me of this man:– Sirrah, thou art said to have a stub- born soul, That apprehends no further than this world, And squar'st thy life according. Thou'rt condemn'd; But, for those earthly faults, I quit them all, And pray thee take 394 this mercy to provide For better times to come:–Friar, advise him; I leave him to your hand.–What muffled fellow's that? PROVOST. This is another prisoner that I sav'd, Who should have died when Clau- dio lost his head; As like almost to Claudio as himself. [Unmuffles CLAUDIO.] DUKE. If he be like your brother [to 395 ISABELLA], for his sake Is he pardon'd; and for your lovely sake, Give me your hand and say you will be mine; He is my brother too: but fitter time for that. By this Lord Angelo perceives he's safe; Methinks I see a quick'ning in his eye.– Well, Angelo, your evil quits you well": Look that you love your wife; her worth worth yours.– I find an apt remission in myself; And yet here's 396 one in place I cannot pardon.– You, sirrah [to Lucio], that knew me for a fool, a cow- ard, One all of luxury, an ass, a madman; Wherein have I so deserved of you That you extol me thus? LUCIO. Faith, my lord, I spoke it but according to the trick. If you will hang me for it, you may; but I had rather it would please you I might be whipped. 397 DUKE. Whipp'd first, sir, and hang'd after.– Proclaim it, Provost, round about the city, If any woman wrong'd by this lewd fellow,– As I have heard him swear himself there's one Whom he begot with child,–let her appear, And he shall marry her: the nuptial finish'd, Let him be whipp'd and hang'd. LUCIO. I beseech your highness, do not 398 marry me to a whore! Your highness said even now I made you a duke; good my lord, do not recompense me in making me a cuck- old. DUKE. Upon mine honour, thou shalt marry her. Thy slanders I forgive; and there- withal Remit thy other forfeits.–Take him to prison; And see our pleasure herein exe- cuted. 399 LUCIO. Marrying a punk, my lord, is pressing to death, whipping, and hanging. DUKE. Slandering a prince deserves it.– [Exeunt Officers with LUCIO.] She, Claudio, that you wrong'd, look you restore.– Joy to you, Mariana!–Love her, Angelo; I have confess'd her, and I know her virtue.– Thanks, good friend Escalus, for thy much goodness There's more behind 400 that is more gratulate. Thanks, Provost, for thy care and secrecy; We shall employ thee in a worthier place.– Forgive him, An- gelo, that brought you home The head of Ragozine for Claudio's: The offence par- dons itself.–Dear Isabel, I have a motion much imports your good; Whereto if you'll a willing ear incline, What's mine is yours, and what is yours is mine:– So, bring us 401 to our palace; where we'll show What's yet behind that's meet you all should know. [Exeunt.] 402
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