text:
GUNNM Martian Memory
Manual Translation by thomas7g
Version: 1.2 | Updated: 01/10/00 | Printable Version
GunnmTranslatedManual v. 1.2, 1/10/2000 by thomas7g This FAQ is done by email@example.com. This is for personal use only. This document is ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. It is not to be sold, in whole or in part, without my expressed permission. GUNNM: MARTIAN MEMORY is a trademark of BANPRESTO c YUKITO PRODUCTIONS INC c BANPRESTO 1998 c JUMP COMICS c EA Greetings! Here is some linguistic help for American fans of Gally/Alita. This is not a FAQ, or even a guide. It is meant as a translation of the manual booklet accompanying the game. Though my Japanese is extremely rudimentary, the translation is as faithful as possible to the original manual. But some of this IS based on "experience" rather than translation. And I admit I could have screwed the translation at times. If anyone could spot any errors, I would appreciate hearing from you. (If you do note an error, please let me know WHERE in this manual it is. This is fairly big.) But in the mean time... Here are some bracketing conventions I use in this FAQ: <...> means press a button on the controller [...] the translation of some label or choice written in Japanese on the screen. __ Guide (chapter) heading. Note: "" should appear as a "bullet" or dot. Some translators screw this up. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ GUNNM MANUAL TRANSLATION ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ---------------------------------------------------------------- (cover) The big Kanji character in the upper left of the cover is called "GUN" (actually JU) which means "gun". The big Kanji on the right is "MU" meaning "dream". GUN + MU =Gunnm (the last "u" is dropped) or simply "Gun Dreams." I believe it means "dreams a gun has", rather than someone dreaming of guns. Between the two in red is "KASEI NO KIOKU" which means "Martian Memories." The tiny red characters across the word "GUNNM" is just "gunmu" again spelled an alternate way. Underneath in white letters - "explanation booklet" In the triangle - "Please keep in mind this game has violence and grotesque expressions." At the bottom left- c YUKITO PRODUCTIONS INC c JUMP COMICS c EA c BANPRESTO 1998 ---------------------------------------------------------------- (pg1) CONTENTS Guide 1 WORLD OF GUNNM 2 Guide 2 HOW TO START THE GAME 4 Guide 3 HOW TO USE THE CONTROLS 6 Guide 4 HOW TO ADVANCE IN THE GAME 8 Guide 5 STATUS SCREEN 10 Guide 6 DECKMEN 12 Guide 7 BATTLE MODE 16 Guide 8 MOTORBALL 20 Guide 9 CHARACTERS APPEARING IN THE GAME 22 Guide 10 ITEM LIST 24 ---------------------------------------------------------------- (pg2) WORLD OF GUNNM ZERAM AND SCRAPIRONTOWN Separated above the earth by 3000 meters, constantly floating in the sky is an utopian city (Zeram) and below, another city built on its expelled trash (Scrapirontown). Within these two, the world of Gunnm takes place. Why, in the middle of a junkyard, would anyone want to live in that world? Underneath Zeram existence itself becomes formidable. This story begins in Scrapirontown. ---------------------------------------------------------------- (pg3) IDO AND ENCOUNTER WITH DESTINY The winds blow the smell of oil and iron around an artificial creation, a city(Scrapirontown) where people dwell between scrap and machine. In this town human beings and cyborgs live mixed-in together. Within there lives a "mostly cyborg, tuning and maintenance" cyberne doctor named Ido. One day, he came out of the town and in a mountain of scrap found a cyborg girl asleep for hundreds of years and brought her back to life. That cyborg girl who lost her memory is the heroine of this story. ---------------------------------------------------------------- (pg4) HOW TO START THE GAME HOW TO BEGIN THE GAME Press the open button on the Playstation. Put the CD in and turn on the power. The Playstation logo appears, then the Banpresto, Ea, and finally the title screen appears. TITLE SCREEN At the title screen you should see a blinking message that says in Japanese: PLEASE PRESS THE START BUTTON When you see this message press <start button>, two choices will appear in the main menu: [START GAME] [OPTIONS] Use the direction pad to select either, then press <circle>. 1) GAME START When you select [GAME START] you will go to the [LOAD] screen. Please go to page 5 for further instructions. 2) OPTION If you choose [OPTIONS] you will get the following choices: MESSAGE SPEED SLOW [ ][ ][ ][ ][ ] FAST SOUND [STEREO] [MONO] ---------------------------------------------------------------- (pg5) HOW TO ACCESS THE MEMORY CARD If you have a memory card you can save your game. Each game save data uses 1 memory card block. You can store a maximum of 3 game saves per memory card. If your character dies during the game you can load in a previously saved game. LOAD SCREEN When you enter the [LOAD] screen you should see the following choices: [START AT BEGINNING] [MEMORY CARD 1] [MEMORY CARD 2] [CANCEL] 1) START AT BEGINNING This allows you to start a game at the beginning. After you select it you will get a message asking "Do you want to start a new game?" And the following selections will appear: [YES] or [NO] Select the left choice to start an new game. 2) MEMORY CARD 1 If you choose [MEMORY CARD 1] you will get a listing of the saved games on that card. MEMORY CARD 1 MEMORY CARD 1 FILE1......[name of file]......[game time] FILE2......[name of file]......[game time] FILE3......[name of file]......[game time] [CANCEL] The name of the file list the place where you saved the game at. The game time lists the total time you've been playing the game. Originally the file name says [NO DATA PRESENT] until you actually save a game. Select an option and press <circle>. After you select a file it will ask you to confirm: [YES] or [NO] Select [YES] to load the game. 3) MEMORY CARD 2 Uses the same load screen as memory card 1. 4) CANCEL Returns you to the title screen. You can also press <X> to cancel. ---------------------------------------------------------------- (pg6) HOW TO USE THE CONTROLS The direction pad allows you move your character around. R1 is sometimes called the action shift key. Select button allows you to switch between normal and battle modes. Start button allows access to the status screen. USING CONTROLS IN NORMAL MODE <direction pad> Moves Gally around the world. In the status window the dpad changes selection. <circle> talk inquire choose selection message advise(continue) <X> Choose cancel in the status window. <R1> Holding down <R1> while using the Dpad makes Gally run. <R2> jump <start button> enter status screen (to change equipment, use items, etc.) <select button> turns on battle mode (must register as a hunter-warrior first) ---------------------------------------------------------------- (pg7) USING CONTROLS IN BATTLE MODE Normal Attacks: <direction pad> Moves Gally around. She will always face the enemy. <circle> block <square> punch <X> kick <R1> (with d-pad) quick step <R2> jump <R2+DPAD> big jump <DPAD>(twice) Pressing twice in any direction changes Gally's direction. Special Attacks: <L1> lock-on to a target <L1> (with d-pad) to switch lock-on to a different enemy <circle, square, fires missile when locked-on to an enemy. or X> <triangle> plasma attack (-requires specific bodies only) <start button> enter status screen (to change equipment, use items, etc.) <select button> turns off battle mode ---------------------------------------------------------------- (pg8) HOW TO ADVANCE IN THE GAME EXPLANATIONS OF THE SCREENS WORLD MAP SCREEN This is the satellite view of the area. Places you can go to are represented by red dots. As you play more places (and red dots) appear on the map. You can go to a new place by moving the crosshairs with the direction pad onto the place you want to go to. Press <circle>. LOCAL MAP SCREEN This is your normal view. It is an overhead view of Gally and her surroundings. In this view you roam around her world, interact with characters, and when necessary fight. There are several readouts on the screen. They are: 1) Energy Gauge - shows her current amount of health. It is generally in the upper left of the screen. When Gally is attacked she loses energy and the bar inside the gauge shrinks. When she is healthy the bar is green. When she down to about 60% the bar turns yellow and the box around it takes on a yellow tinge. When she reaches a critical level the bar turns red and the box takes on a red tinge. When it reaches zero (all black) she dies. There is a numerical readout to the right of the gauge which shows the exact amount of energy and her maximum energy. 2) Plasma Gauge - shows how much plasma she has available. This blue gauge is just below the health gauge. During the game at times Gally obtains a cyborg body capable of "plasma energy" attacks. Performing a plasma attack uses up plasma. The numerical gauge to the right shows her current amount next to her maximum. When Gally is using a non-plasma type body this gauge is not available. 3) Battle Mode indicator - When Gally is in "battle mode" in the upper right of the screen the words "BATTLE MODE" appears. Gally can only fight when she is in battle mode. However she cannot change weapon, missile or leave the area while in battle mode. Note: she can still change her part(accessory) in battle mode, when she gets them. Also a green triangle appears on the ground in front of Gally indicating the direction she's attacking. 4) Enemy Gauge - When an enemy is nearby and active, a gauge appears at the bottom of the screen. It is similar to Gally's health gauge. If she is fighting multiple enemies, multiple gauges appear along the screen's bottom. When she has targeted an enemy, its corresponding gauge is highlighted in green and a red circle appears around that enemy. 5) Missile - In the center of the screen topmost edge appears a picture of the optional missile weapon she has equipped. Below it is a readout showing how many she is carrying. ---------------------------------------------------------------- (pg9) FLOW OF THE GAME - The game begins at Ido's home/clinic. From there you travel around town talking to people, fighting bad guys, and eventually defeating the boss to get to the next level. Flowchart- 1) Ido's Complete Equipment Management and Maintenance - This is Ido's (and Gally's) home and cyborg clinic. This where you begin. Here you can rest and rejuvenate yourself when needed. You can also save your game here. 2) Conversation Information Gathering - Talk with various people around town. Just move Gally near them and press <circle>. 3) Factory 33 - This is wear you can register as a "hunter- warrior," check the wanted list, cash in kills for money, buy items and also save game. You can also enhance Gally's cyborg body here for a fee. 4) Battle - Enter battle mode and kill, kill, kill. 5) Boss Battle - defeat your rival. 6) Next Development - Go to the next part of the story... ---------------------------------------------------------------- (pg10) STATUS SCREEN ABOUT THE STATUS SCREEN - You access this screen when you hit pause during the game. It is subdivided into several boxed in sections called windows. Going along the left side, at the top there is a "character graphic" of Gally, below which is the "MENU SELECT" window. (I'll explain how to use it in a second.) Along the right side, on the top is Gally's money (in "chips"). Below that, in the center is the big "EQUIPMENT" window. At the bottom of the screen is her "STATUS PARAMETERS" window. The EQUIPMENT window lists different things depending on what choice you make in the menu select window. When you first enter the status screen it translates to the following: BODY: [the cyborg body her head is attached to] WEAPON: [the weapon she is using] MISSILE: [the secondary weapon she has equipped] PART: [the accessory she has equipped] Here is the translation of what's in the menu select window: [ITEM] [WEAPON] [MISSILE] [PART] [OPTION] [LOAD] [RETURN] You can use the cursor to change selection in the menu select window. The selections available are explained below in more detail: ITEMS - when you select ITEM, this the equipment window lists Gally's inventory. She can carry a maximum of 120 items. (However missile items only take up only one slot each. e.g. 45 molotov cocktails only takes one slot.) She can carry an assortment of health and plasma recharge packs, weapons, missiles, and parts. You can use or equip items here. Use the direction pad and <circle> to select an item. Once you select an item, the top of the equipment window changes to list the following options: [USE] [DISCARD] [get INFO] USE You can "use" items at any time even in battle. You can recharge your health, or plasma. Parts can also be changed at any time. But you can only change weapons or missiles when you are not in battle mode. After you select this, you will be asked to confirm. [YES] is on the left, [NO] is on the right. DISCARD Be careful. This throws away an item permanently! After you select this, you will be asked to confirm. [YES] is on the left, [NO] is on the right. INFO Displays what each item does. In Japanese of course. Or press <X> to get info. ---------------------------------------------------------------- (pg11) WEAPONS - When selected the equipment menu lists just her inventory of weapons. Otherwise it works similar to when you select ITEMS. This option is only available outside of battle mode. MISSILES - When selected the equipment menu lists just her inventory of missiles. Otherwise it works similar to when you select ITEMS. Missiles are Gally's secondary weapon. It includes projectiles, guns, and throwable items. This option is only available outside of battle mode. See the translation of page 18 for more info. PARTS - When selected the equipment menu lists just her inventory of accessories. Otherwise it works similar to when you select ITEMS. Parts are accessories that increase Gally's abilities. They can raise her maximum energy level, or increase her attack damage. This option IS available in battle mode also. OPTION - Almost the same as the option screen at the beginning of the game. You can still select message speed and change sound. However the options for sound are switched [MONO] is now on the left, [STEREO] on the right. Also the next line I couldn't translate. It says something like "maku of battle time appearance:off/on" LOAD - Sends you to the LOAD screen. (see pg5) RETURN - Returns you to the game in progress... STATUS PARAMETERS This window at the bottom of the status screen displays Gally's vital statistics. It lists the following: HEALTH: [current level / max] PLASMA: [current level / max] ATTACK: [attack power] DEFENSE: [defense strength] The window is interactive. As you select an item, weapon or part, the window will show the change (in blue numbers) if you use or equip the item. ---------------------------------------------------------------- (pg12) DECKMEN USING DECKMEN A typical deckman looks like a metal cylinder with fat cheeks and lips, and bolts for eyes. Comes with one robot hand. When outdoors they come equipped with a small base with feet. These perform the interface for the Factory and its services. They can let you save, or sell you items, enhance your body or cash in your bounties. FACTORY-33 The authority center of Scrapirontown. Inside there are 6 cylinders, each with a deckman inside. #1 handles game saves, #2 handles hunting results, #3 gives you fighting results, #4 is the items shop, #5 is the weapons shop, and #6 is the cyberne. Cylinders 1, 2, and 3 are on the left side. Cylinders 4, 5, and 6 are on the right. Just walk up to a cylinder and press <circle>. The first cylinder you should go to is cylinder-3. There you can register as a "hunter-warrior." Please see pages 13-15. BEING A HUNTER-WARRIOR Hunter-warriors are essentially bounty hunters. Check reward listing at FACTORY- 33. Then go hunt down the criminals and terminate them. Return to Factory-33 to receive cash (in chips) for each kill. There you can also spend your money on weapons, items, or body enhancements. USING THE REWARD LIST Once you register as a hunter-warrior, you can go to Factory-33 and talk to the "netman," the robot in the center of FACTORY-33. It will show you the reward list, a listing of all the criminals wanted by FACTORY-33. It displays their name, height, weight, DNA code, and picture. It also lists the reward for each criminal. ---------------------------------------------------------------- (pg13) These following pages describe the functions of each FACTORY-33 cylinder. 1) GAME SAVE When you come here you can save your game. First you will be presented with a window listing the following: [MEMORY CARD1] [MEMORY CARD2] [CANCEL] After choosing a memory card, you will be presented with the save screen, which works similar to the load screen. Choose a data slot to save your game. You will see a message asking if you want to save. [YES] [NO] After the game saves, press cancel or <X> repeatedly until you return to the deckman. 2) HUNTING RESULTS You come here to receive cash (in chips) for each enemy you kill. Each enemy type will be listed as well as how many. The total cash will be added to your account listed in the upper right corner. Press <circle> to exit. 3) FIGHTING RESULTS This deckman will give you a running tally of all the enemies you killed in the game. In order to access this menu, when you first talk to the deckman you have to choose the second reply (the one with the question mark). You can use the direction pad to scroll up and down the list. Press <circle> when done. When Gally first comes to FACTORY-33 she must register as a hunter-warrior. Come to Cylinder-3 to register. The deckman will give her a brain bar code and then she can go hunting! ---------------------------------------------------------------- (pg14) 4) ITEM SHOP At the item shop you can buy non-weapon items. Basically it sells repair kits which heal Gally, Plasma Supplies which replenish her Plasma levels, or (latter in the game) parts which she can equip to increase her ability in battle. 5) WEAPONS SHOP The weapon shop offers weapons to increase the damage she can deliver in battle. There are two types of weapons: blades and missiles. Although she can fight very well bare handed, she increases her attack power if she carries some sort of blade or knife. The second type, missiles, includes any throwable item, missile or ammo (guns). Missiles items are one-use only items (except guns which use up ammo). However you can buy as many as you have funds for. When using the shop, there are three selections to choose from: [BUY] [SELL] [EXIT] BUY Select "buy" and the store lists what it has to sell and the cost of each item. Use the direction pad to scroll down the list. Press <circle> to select an item to buy. If the item is a missile-type item, then a message will ask you how many do you wish to buy.Move the cursor to add or subtract from the quantity. They deckman will then list the price and ask if you wish to purchase the item. [YES] [NO] Select yes and the item will be placed in your inventory. If it is equipable, another message will ask if you want to equip it. Select [YES] or [NO] again. Press <X> to exit the buy screen. SELL Select "sell" and a list of YOUR items appear. Operating the "Selling" menu is similar to the "buying" menu. Items will sell for half the its original cost. Also certain items are not sellable. Select [YES] or [NO] to confirm sale. EXIT Select "exit" and press <circle> to leave the menu. You can also press <X>. ---------------------------------------------------------------- (pg15) 6) CYBERNE The Cyberne can replenish Gally's health and plasma or give her a tune-up. A tune-up increases one of her parameters, either Maximum Health Energy, Attack Power, or Defense Strength. You can see her current stats at the bottom of the screen. HEALTH: [current health] MAXIMUM HEALTH: [max. health] PLASMA: [current plasma level] ATTACK: [attack power] DEFENSE: [defense strength] When you first enter the Cyberne, move the direction pad then press <circle> to select one of 3 options: [BODY RECOVERY] [TUNE-UP] [EXIT] BODY RECOVERY This allows Gally to replenish her health or plasma. There are two choices: HEALTH ENERGY Selecting this will restore Gally's health to her maximum. PLASMA LEVEL Selecting this will replenish her plasma energy to maximum. TUNE-UP This will permanently increase the abilities of her current cyborg body. You can have multiple upgrades to each attribute, but the cost of each successive upgrade increases also. There are three choices: HEALTH TUNE-UP This increases her maximum amount of health energy. It also replenishes her health to the new maximum and also replenishes her plasma to full too. ATTACK TUNE-UP Increases the damage she can inflict with her attacks. DEFENSE TUNE-UP Decreases the damage done by each attack the enemies make. ---------------------------------------------------------------- (pg16) BATTLE MODE BASIC TACTICS ABOUT BATTLE MODE Whether in the local map or in a building, you can change into battle mode at any time. But when you switch from normal mode into battle mode the controls for movement are different. Here are the explanations for basic movement to combinations. ABOUT THE PANZER KUNST (armored arts) The Panzer Kunst, an ancient Martian martial art, is achieved by only the most advanced of human cyborgs. It is said it is the most powerful of fighting techniques. BASIC MOVEMENT R2 + forward forward flip R2 + backward back flip R1 + direction key step movement square punch X kick circle guard R2 button jump direction key twice change direction direction key twice target change (toward enemy) ---------------------------------------------------------------- (pg17) ABOUT ATTACKING Combat is done by mostly two buttons and the direction key. You can modify her actions by using the <R1> button. BARE HANDED These are her attacks when bare handed. square punch X kick forward + square Spin Elbow R1 + square Hertze Haeon (circumference crush brunt fist) square + X at same time Hinter Sense (back scythe) R1 + X Splash Kick triangle plasma attack BLADE EQUIPMENT These are her attacks when equipped with a normal blade. square cut X kick forward + square backspin cut forward + X backspin diagonal kick R1 + square Hertza Haeon square + X at same time Hinter Sense (back scythe) R1 + X Splash Kick triangle plasma cut VARIATION EQUIPMENT When using the variation handle of a long blade in hand, it allows baton attacks. (Butterfly Damascus Blade) square double thrust X kick forward + square Korean Bamboo Cut forward + X backspin diagonal kick R1 + square double cut square + X at same time Hinter Sense (back scythe) R1 + X Splash Kick triangle plasma double cut FIGHTING STANCE DIRECTION When Gally is attacked from behind, rather than turning around and then attacking, she can instead attack backwards. Press the direction key toward the enemy and press <X>. Gally will do a kick attack backwards, then turn around to face the opponent. ---------------------------------------------------------------- (pg18) MISSILE Use the <L1 button> to launch a missile attack. Hold <L1> to achieve a "lock- on". Maintain hold on <L>. Use the direction key to switch the lockon to a different enemy if needed. Press <circle, square or X> to throw a missile. This uses up the missile item. You will need more than one if you plan to attack again. PLASMA ATTACK Some of Gally's cyborg bodies are capable of using plasma attacks. These are powerful attacks that consume plasma energy each time they are used. You must have plasma to do a plasma attack. Use the <triangle button> to make a plasma attack. MAGNETIC BARRIER This releases a burst of energy around Gally. All enemies next to her will be heavily damaged. Press <triangle+ circle> to do a magnetic barrier. This moves consumes Plasma. ---------------------------------------------------------------- (pg19) COMBINATION By timing well and continually pressing the <X> and <square> buttons you can put out a combination. You can also add the <R1> and the direction key to make a colorful combination. EXAMPLE left punch <square> + right punch < square > + middle kick <X> + backspin diagonal kick <forward+X> ABOUT OPPORTUNITY If Gally blocks immediately before the enemy makes an attack, she can initiate a powerful counter attack. Press <circle> just before the enemy makes an attack. The block will not only stop the attack, it will stun the enemy. As he staggers, quickly press an attack button to initiate her most powerful attack. punch button Wiruherun Haoen (devastating brunt fist) kick button Doraiforan Sense (continual whirlpool attack scythe) plasma button Center Bolt DEPENDING ON SHIFT BUTTON TO CHANGE MOVEMENT When attacking and also when moving, using the action button, <R1> will enhance the action. It can add power to an attack or give you a quick movement. While holding <R1> press one of the following buttons: movement button step movement punch button Hertza Haeon kick button Splash Kick plasma button Plasma Sting ---------------------------------------------------------------- (pg20) MOTORBALL ABOUT MOTORBALL It's described as a cross between baseball and motorsports (actually its cyborg professional wrestling with roller derby), it is the entertainment for the inhabitants of Scrapirontown. Players fight their way up through stages to become champion. HOW TO ENTER Inside the motorball circuit building there is a gray cylinder with a deckman inside. Go up to him and press <circle>. From there you can enter a game. Or save your data. STAGE SELECT When you begin each Motorball match, you select any stage you have access to. At first you go to stage one. As you clear each stage, you will be given access to the next higher stage. You can also repeat any stage. ---------------------------------------------------------------- (pg21) EXPLANATION OF THE SCREEN >From the start of the match you have 180 seconds to eliminate the other players. If you can victory is yours. 1) In the upper left corner is a energy gauge measuring Gally's health. When it reaches 0 you lose the match. 2) In the center top is the timer. When it reaches 0 you lose the match. 3) Upper right is the speed indicator. 4) Enemy Motorballer. Red ring indicates Gally's current target. 5) Gally, the player's character. 6) Lower right is the attack level gauge. USING THE CONTROLS The direction pad moves you around. <X> and <R2> is jump. <square> is attack, <R1> changes target selection. Maneuver Gally near the enemy. Hold the attack button down to build power. Release to attack. Holding too long damages Gally. Defeat all the enemies before the timer runs out to win. MOTORBALL TUNE-UP After the match, you will be returned to your trailer. There you can ask Umba(fat guy in babysling) for a tune up. His services are the same as the cyberne. ---------------------------------------------------------------- (pg22) CHARACTERS APPEARING IN THE GAME (Japanese can be translated to in various ways to english. The following names are not misspelled.) GALLY The Story's heroine. Except for her brain, her cyborg body is completely comprised of machine. Suffering from amnesia, with Ido she starts a new life in Scrapirontown. She uses the Panzer Kunst. IDO DAISUKE A cyberne doctor who opens a clinic in Scrapirontown. There, in a neglected scrap storehouse, he succeeded in reviving Gally. FOGIR FORE (FOGIA FOA) Comes from Alhambra, a fishing village on the western coast. A master against the cyberne frame, this flesh and blood human is equaled in fighting ability against battle cyborgs. ---------------------------------------------------------------- (pg23) JASUGUN (JASHUGAN) Absolutely the most powerful and therefore called "Emperor," he is the Grand Champion of Motorball. Uses the most advanced on earth fighting skill (machine klatsch). MAKAKU The bounty that no hunter warriors can bring in. In reality he is the "head" only, the body was stolen from someone else. DEN The huge cyborg that aspires to burn Zeram to the ground. This being actually resides as part of Nova's son's (Kaos') body. His huge armor self is actually a puppet he manipulates. DESTY NOVE (DESTY NOVA) Self styled "professor." This mysterious former citizen exiled from Zeram. He performs experiments on living humans in order tame an individual's "conquest of Karma." This insane genius scientist has created a generation of numerous monsters. ---------------------------------------------------------------- (pg24) ITEM LIST WEAPONS Dagger Double-edged blade, 20cm. Aseimi Knife Single-edged blade, 18cm. Made from stainless steel made light. Kukuri Knife Uniquely shaped single-edged blade. Long length, 30cm. Damascus Blade Not for sale. Received latter in the story. Esdoc Blade Forged from Damascus Steel. Esdoc has the blade made for her. B-Damascus Blade Not for sale. Also received latter in the story. Bowie Knife Single-edged, 25cm. Cyberball Knife Sharp single-edged knife. Combat Knife Originally used by the military. A practical knife with a single-edged design. RECOVERY ITEMS Repair Kit Restores 200 health. Hi-Repair Kit Restores 1000 health. Plasma Supply Restores 100 plasma energy. ---------------------------------------------------------------- (p25) MISSILES Molotov Cocktail Burns enemies. More effective against living-type enemies. Electromag.Needle Discharges three needles per use. Electrifies enemies. More effective against cyberne -type enemies. Ereki Teru (Electric Light?) Creates a big explosion at a distance. Electrifies enemies. More effective against cyberne-type enemies. Missile-Bee Makes possible multiple lock-ons. Enkera(Firefly) Creates a big explosion at a distance. Tuned Gun Once you have a lock-on, you can fire 3 times in succession. Tuned Gun Bullets The Tuned Gun needs these to fire. PARTS Commando Parts Striking power up. Shock Absorber Defense strength up. Generator Unit Maximum Restoration Up. Plasma Sub Unit Reduces plasma consumption. Plasma Unit Largely reduces plasma consumption. Clear Sight Raises missile striking power Laser Sight Speeds lock-on raises missile striking power, ------------------------------------------------------------------------ That's all the translation. If you want more info, the GunnmFAQ will have more information including a moves list, a complete item list (including items not in the manual), and how to fight the Bosses. I'm also working on a walkthrough that translates alot of the story. If you want either, contact me at email@example.com. (remove "NEVERSPAM_") I would also appreciate any comments or corrections. THANKS


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Former policewoman turned celebrant Julie Elliott is especially qualified to offer kind and wise words, drawing from her own extraordinary experiences.
Broadcast date: Tuesday 30 October 2012
Julie Elliott's years as a policewoman, and her own tumultuous life, have helped prepare her for her work as a celebrant.
During her years with Queensland Police, she saw people at their best and at their worst.
Her work put her right up close to the tragic and very public case of Daniel Morcombe, who was abducted whilst waiting for a bus in 2003.
Julie was a bit burned out when she left the police force, but since then some wonderful things have happened in her life.
Interview first broadcast March 2012
You can either listen to each Conversations interview by clicking on the audio or you can download each interview as an mp3 by right clicking on the blue heading under the audio.
To subscribe to the Conversations podcast, paste http://www.abc.net.au/queensland/conversations/conversationspodcast.xml into your podcasting application or visit our podcasting page.
Sarah presents Conversations from 22 June to 24 July.
Richard will be away from Conversations for 3 months.
Three new playlists - curated by the producers of Conversations.

subset: commoncrawl


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Westbrook fire destroys one home, injures a resident | VIDEO
A fire Thursday afternoon sent one person to the hospital and left a mobile home in Westbrook Mobile Home Court, off St. Joseph Avenue in Evansville, gutted and destroyed.
According to officials with the Perry Township Fire Department, the fire is under investigation, but may have been the result of cooking in the kitchen.
Shortly after 5 p.m. Thursday, firefighters were dispatched to a reported fully-engulfed structure fire at 6109 Rockford Drive in Westbrook Mobile Home Court.
The home's four residents made it out of the home, but the mother suffered burns to her arm and was transported to Deaconess Hospital. Their identities were not released Thursday evening.
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VIEWS: 4 PAGES: 6 CATEGORY: Business POSTED ON: 8/30/2010 Public Domain
Spread-SpectrumAudio Watermarking: Requirements, Applications, and Limitations Darko Kirovski and Henrique Malvar Microsoft Research One Microsoft Way, Redmond, WA 98052, USA Abstract - Watermarking has recently been adopted as a technology of choice for many applications related to e-commerceof audio content. We present a brief summary of a set of spread-spectrum watermarking techniques for effective covert communica- tion over an audio signal carrier. Watermark robustness is enabled using redundant spread-spectrum for prevention against de-synchronization attacks. We improve wa- termark inaudibility by detecting and not watermarking blocb of audio where a spread spectrum sequence, if added to the frequency spectrum, would be audible. Finally, we overview the security limitations of our technology with respect to parameter selection and position it with respect to three main applications of watermarking: ( U ) content screening, (b) tracing unlicensed content distribution, and (c) robust metadata. 1. INTRODUCTION Music watermarking schemes rely on the imperfections of the human auditory system (HAS) [l]. Commonly, data hiding techniques explore the fact that the HAS is insensitive to small amplitude changes in the frequency domain [ 2 ] , [3]. Data modulation is usually carried out using: spread-spectrum (SS) [2] or quantization index modulation (QIM) [4]. Advantages of S S and QIM watermarking include: (i) testing for WMs does not require the original and (ii) it is difficult to extract the hidden data using statistical analysis under certain conditions [SI. In addition, S S watermark (WM) detection is exceptionally resilient to attacks that can be modeled as time- and frequency-axis scaling with fluctuations [6]. In this paper, we overview a SS audio watermarking technology that uses several techniques to alleviate the two main disadvantages of straightforward applications of both S S and QIM: (i) it is robust with respect to common signal processing attacks which take advantage of the knowledge of the marking and detection algorithms, (ii) WM detection is self- synchronous, and (iii) it has improved WM imperceptibility mechanisms. In this paper, we describe a redundancy coding S S that prevents desynchroniza- tion attacks 171. We show how WM inaudibility can be improved by detecting and not watermarking blocks of audio where a S S sequence, if added to the frequency spectrum, would be audible. Next, we discuss the robustness and reliability of WM detection. Finally, we quantify the security limitations of our technology and posi- tion it with respect to the main applications of watermarking. 2. SPREAD-SPECTRUMWATERMARKING Let us denote as 2 the original signal vector to be watermarked. It represents a block of samples from an appropriate invertible transformation on the original sig- nal. The corresponding watermarked vector is generated by: F=.Z+G, where the WM G is a sequence of elements wi (chips) with two equiprobable values, i.e. wi E {-A,+A}, generated independently with respect to X . WMs are generated using a pseudo-random bit generator (PRG) initiated using a secret key. WM magnitude A is set based on the HAS sensitivity to amplitude changes. A correlation detector performs the test for the presence of the WM: ( , ; c = F.G = + G). 6= 2 .G+ W. = 2 . NA* ; w+ (1) 0-7803-7025-2/0 1/$10.00 02001 EEE. 219 where N is vector cardinality, and correlation between vectors ii and 5 is defined as ii.S=&vi. Since the original clip i can be modeled as a Gaussian random vector: I = ( , L L ~ , O , ~ ) ,A ,. a normalized correlation test can be presented as: N >> ~ ~ C 1 - + t3 = - p -N(O,O, l f i ) '- = N A ~ A where p = 1 if WM is present and p = O otherwise. The optimal detection rule is to d!eclare WM present if Q > T . The choice of threshold T controls the trade-off tetween false alarm and misdetection probability. Probability that Q > T is equal to: (3) jV+- Several techniques for significantly improving the basic SS watermarking have been presented in [l], [2], [3], [6]. We have selected SS as a backbone of our mark- ing technology because QIM has a number of deficiencies that are difficult to sur- pass. The most important is that the QIM quantizer set needs to be pseudo-randomly shifted for every marked element. In case this is not done, a simple histogram of the content would clearly reveal the quantizer values. This would lead towards a low- noise obfuscation of the marked data that would prevent the detector to identify the \VMs. Such pseudo-random shifts introduce additional sensitivity of QIM to desyn- chronization attacks (e.g., StirMark [7]), that are substantially more difficult to han- dle in QIM than in SS (see next Section). One significant deficiency of both SS and QIM,is that by breaking a single player (debugging, reverse engineering, or the sensitivity attack [SI), one can extract the secret data (the key iG used to generate the SS sequence or the hidden quantizers in QIM) and recreate the original (for SS) cr create a new copy that will induce the QIM detector to treat it as unmarked. 3 ROBUST SS WATERMARK DETECTION . In the developed watermarking system, vector I is composed of the dB magni- tudes of several frames of a modulated complex lapped transform (MCLT) [9]. After addition of the WM, we generate the timedomain marked audio signal by combin- ing the vector j with the original phase of I , and passing those modified frames to the inverse MCLT. WM amplitude A is set to 1dB. We have passed the "golden ears test" at A = l S d B [lo]. For the typical 44.lkHz sampling, we use a length-2048 MCLT. Only the coefficients within -2-7kHz (coefficients indexed 200-700) are nmked and only the audible magnitudes in the same subband are considered during detection. In order to quantify the audibility of a particular frequency magnitude, we use a simple psycho-acoustic frequency masking model (PAFM) [ll]. 3.1 PREVENTION OF DE-SYNCHRONIZATIONATTACKS The correlation metrics from Eqn.2 is reliable only if majority of detection chips 'vi are aligned with those used in marking. Thus, a malicious attacker can attempt to desynchronize the correlation by time- or frequency-axis scaling within the loose bounds of acceptable sound quality. To prevent from such attacks we use a multi- test methodology that adds redundancy to the WM chip pattern to enable a reliable correlation metric in the presence of scale modifications. Robustness from de- synchronization attacks is provided in two steps. - Step 1. REDUNDANT ENCODING In the first step, we provide resilience against fluctuations in playtime and pitch bending (wow-and-flutter) of up to a fixed parameter W O ~ which describes the maximum fluctuation magnitude independently along any of these two dimensions. As common standard values for wow-and-flutter 220 for modern turntables are significantly below wof = 0.01, we have adopted this value as our robustness limit. We represent an SS sequence as a matrix of chips w = { w , } , i = l . . ~ , j = l . . j E , where @ is the number of chips per MCLT block and A is the number of blocks of 4 chips per WM. Within a single MCLT block, each chip w, is spread over a sub- band of F, consecutive MCLT coefficients. Chips embedded in a single MCLT block are then replicated along the time axis within TI consecutive MCLT blocks. An example of how redundancies are generated is illustrated in Figure 1 (with pa- rameters F, =3, i = l e . @ ,T j =3, j =l..A). Widths of the encoding regions 4 , i = 1..@ are computed using a geometric progression: where SF is the width of the decoding region (central to the encoding region) along the frequency axis and wof' 2 wof is the desired robustness to fluctuated pitch scal- ing. Similarly, the length of the WM & in groups of constant T~ =T,, ;=I,.,?,, MCLT blocks watermarked with the same SS chip block is delimited by: &Towof '<To -S,, where ST is the width of the decoding region along the time- axis. Lower bound on the replication in the time domain T, is set to 1OOms for robustness against cropping or insertion. MCLT Block of Figure 1. Illustration of Frequency Magnitudes A TIME , geometrically progressed redundancies applied to SS chips within a single freq- spectrum block and along the time-axis. Each region is encoded with the same bit, whereas the detector integrates only the center locations of each region. If WM length of &T, MCLT blocks does not produce satisfactory correlation convergence, additional MCLT blocks ( A > & ) are integrated into the WM. Time- b axis replication T I , j > ; for each group of these blocks is recursively computed using a geometric progression (corresponding to Eqn.4). Within a region of &Tj samples watermarked with the same chip w i j , only the center SFST samples are integrated in Eqn.2. It is straightforward to prove that such generation of encoding and decoding regions guarantees that regardless of induced limited wof 5 wof' , the correlation test is performed in perfect synchronization. Typical redundancy parame- ters are: (i) constant replication along time axis 8-16 MCLT blocks and ( i i ) geomet- rically progressed replication along the frequency axis is such that typically 50-120 chips are embedded within the target subband 2-7kHz. Step 2. MULTIPLE CORRELATION TESTS - The adversary can combine wow-and-flutter with a stronger constant scaling in time and frequency. According to SDMI's test requirements [lo], constant scaling of up to ct < 0.1 along the time axis and c < 0.05 along the frequency axis can be performed on an audio clip with f relatively preserved fidelity with respect to the original recording. Resilience to static time- and pitch-scaling is obtained by performing multiple correlation tests as follows: 22 1 (1) pointer=O (2) load a buffer with MCLT coefficients from consecutive L ( l + c t ) MCLT blocks starting from pointer ( L denotes WM length in MCLT blocks). (:3) for timascaling = -ct to +ct with step wof ' / 2 (4) for frequencyscaling = -cf to +cf with step wof'l2 (5) correlate buffer with WM scaled according to timenscaling frequency.scallng and (6) if WM found pointer+= L else (pointer++ ; goto (2)) In a typical implementation, for wof' = 0.02, in order to cover ct = 0.1 and c = 0.05 the WM detector computes 105 different correlation tests. The search step f along the time axis equals ST,which is a parameter typically between 1 and 4 MCLT blocks. Note that the main incentive for providing such a mechanism to enable synchronization is the fact that the adversary really cannot move away from the select constant time and frequency scaling more than wof ' / 2 within the length of the WM as such a change would induce intolerable sound quality. If the attacker is within the assumed attack bounds, the described mechanism enables the detector to conclude whether there is a WM or not in the audio clip based on the S S statistics firom Eqn.2 and regardless of the presence of the attack. 01 0 08 Figure 2. An example of audibility of 0 08 a S S WM when embedded in the fre- OM quency domain. The black plot denotes B 002 a single MCLT block of time domain E o sample of the original recording, while - the grey line denotes the corresponding E 00.' 2 004 marked recording with audible noise 0 08 prior to the signal peak. 0 08 01 0 500 4000 1500 2000 2500 -000 3500 4000 4096 time domain samples of a single MCLT block 3.2 ENHANCED INAUDIBILITY OF S S WATERMARKS SS WMs can be audible when embedded in the MCLT domain even at low magnitudes (e.g. A = IdB ). This can happen in MCLT blocks where certain part of t!he block (up to 10ms) is quiet whereas the remainder of the MCLT block is rich in audio energy. Since the SS sequence spreads over the entire MCLT block, it can cause audible noise in the quiet portion of the MCLT block (see Figure 2 ) . To alleviate this problem, we detect MCLT blocks with dynamic content ac- cording to a certain empirically determined criteria and do not embed the WM in them. Fortunately, such blocks do not occur often in audio content; on a large benchmark set we identified up to 5 < 5% of MCLT blocks per WM as potential hazard for audibility. By not marking these blocks, the corresponding correlation is bound to a lower expected value p = 1- { (Eqn.2) which causes a minor distraction in detector's decision. The detection of dynamic content is performed on a T=4096- large MCLT block using the following algorithm: ('I) Compute the energy E(a,b) of the signal y(a,b) in each of the following 15 subintervals: y ( i T / 8 , ( i + l ) T / 8 ) , i=0..7 and y((2i+l)T/16,(2i+3)T/16), i=0..6. (21 If there exists E ( a , b ) l ~ and E(O,T)-E(a,b)Lx, do not WM the MCLT block; where , xo,x,are empirically determined parameters. 222 4. DETECTOR ROBUSTNESS AND RELIABILITY We have designed an audio marking system using the techniques described in Section 3. Reference implementation of our technology on an x86 platform requires 32 KE3 of memory for code and 100 KE3 for the data buffer. WMs are searched as- suming maximum wof =0.02, which results in -50 tests per search point. Real-time WM detection under these circumstances requires about 15 MIPS. WM encoding is an order of magnitude faster, with smaller memory footprints. While image watermarking techniques can be tested with the Stirmark tool [7], a similar benchmark has not been developed to date for audio. Thus, we have tested our proposed watermarking technology using a composition of functions from common PC-based sound editing tools (reverb, echo, denoising, filtering, wow-and- flutter, time and pitch scaling, etc.) and malicious attacks, including all tests defined by the SDMI [ 101. In a benchmark dataset (jazz, classical, rock, instrument solos), there were no errors, and we estimated the error probability (false alarm and misde- tection) to be below per clip. The estimations were based on Eqn.3, the result- ing ox and N for each WM, and the offsets to the Eqn.3 caused by non- watermarking certain MCLT blocks. Most importantly, error probabilities decrease exponentially fast with the increase of WM length (see Eqn.3), so it is easy to design a system with error probabilities below lo-" per single correlation test. - 5. SUMMARY TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS Although the technology is robust with respect to signal processing attacks that may leverage on the knowledge of the algorithms, it is still arguable whether it can be used in all copyright protection scenarios for audio signals. We discuss the limita- tions of our technology with respect to the three main applications of watermarking: CONTENT SCREENING. Under this scenario, the copyright owner marks the original content 2 with a WM G and non-restrictively distributes the marked con- tent ji to the Internet. A client downloads the marked content and tries to play it on a computing device. The media player first tries to find a WM in the content, and if it succeeds, the media player verifies whether the user has fulfilled her e-commerce act. Although such an application would enable a number of business models for the copyright owners, it turns out that enabling such a protection system is difficult because of the following requirements: All-platform standard. All audio players in the world need to perform content screening because a platform which does not enforce screening would prevail in the market as the most appealing to consumers. As a consequence, all operating systems and hardware in the world need to suppress unauthorized players from talking to soundcard drivers. Global enforcement of content playing rules has al- ready been a target of the industry through the involvement with the SDMI [lo]. Secret hiding at the client. For symmetric watermarking (e.g. SS and QIM), the secret hidden by the copyright owner must be present in the detector (i.e. client). Disclosure of the secret enables an adversary to recreate the original from the marked content and. After breaking a single client, all other clients are enabled to play the content as unprotected. Since tamperproof operating systems and hard- ware are not likely to be built in the nearest future, this puts a strong bound on the applicability of watermarking. Even if such systems are built, the adversary can conclude the hidden secret using the inevitable sensitivity attack (of complexity O(N)) without breaking the detector [SI. One way of solving this problem is to develop asymmetric watermarking mechanisms, where the detection (public) key is client-specific, it does not reveal any information about the encoding secret (private key), yet it is able to detect the embedded private secret in marked media. 223 Media collusion. The adversary can perform media averaging to extract the en- coded secret. Successful launch of such an attack assumes that the attacker: (i) has large amount of media marked with the same secret j j , =Zc +S,i =l..c and ( i i ) knows the exact location of the WM in each instance. The optimal estimation of 3 is computed as: = sigri(Cr=,9,) which yields an estimation error probability: ~. . Considered averaged MCLT coefficients typically range within ay [6,15]. To E create a 90% estimate of the WM, the adversary needs to collude between 60 and 340 (depending on oy different audio clips. One approach to solving this prob- ) lem is to create a unique WM for each media clip. In this case, the PRG used to generate the SS sequence, would be seeded using a unique ID (hash) for each song and all its modifications that stay within the bounds of perceptually similar. TRACING UNLICENSED DISTRIBUTION. Secret hiding at the client is not a requirement, if watermarking is used as a copyright verification tool. In this sce- nario, the user records an audio clip, marks it with her secret WM and distributes it using traditional channels. The user also has a search engine that is searching for all possible broadcasts or posts (on the Internet or radio stations) of the owned recorded content. In general, the hidden secret can be used as a proof of authorship. For this application, it is important that the user deploys solutions that would prevent the media collusion attack. In this case, the root of the security of the system is the abil- iiiy of the watermarking scheme to sustain all possible signal processing attacks which may use the information about the marking and detection algorithms but which cannot have access to the WM decoder and its output. ROBUST METADATA. Many applications (not necessarily copyright enforce- r e n t ) can benefit from having a method for encoding and decoding robust metadata in an audio clip. Due to file conversion, compression, and other drastic format changes, it is important that the metadata remains in the audio clip intact as its inte- gral part. As the removal of the metadata does not benefit any entity, the WMs in this case need to be robust only to common sound editing procedures [lo]. ACKNOWLEDGMENT We thank Dr. Fabien A.P. Petitcolas for suggestions that helped improve this paper. References Katzenbeisser S., Petitcolas, F.A.P., (eds.): Information Hiding Techniques for Steganography and Digital Watermarking. Artech House, Boston (2000). Cox, LJ., Kilian, J., Leighton, T., Shamoon, T.: A secure, robust watermark for multimedia. In: Information Hiding Workshop, Cambridge, UK, (1996). Swanson, M.D., Zhu, B., Tewiik, A.H., Boney, L.: Robust audio watermarking using perceptual masking. Signal Processing, 66 (1998), 337-355. Chen, B., Wornell, G.W.: Digital watermarking and Information embedding using dither modula- tion. In: Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing, IEEE (1998) 273-278. Su, J. IC, Girod, B.: Power-spectrum condition for energy-efficient watermarking. In: Int. Conf. Image Processing, IEEE (1999). Kirovski D., Malvar H.: Robust Spread-SpeCtrumAudio Watermarking. In: ICASSP, IEEE (2001). Anderson, R.J., Petitcolas, F.A.P.: On the limits of steganography. IEEE J. Selected Areas in Communications 16 (1998) 474481. Linnartz, J.P., and van Dijk, M.: Analysis of the sensitivity attack against electronic watermarks in images. In: Information Hiding Workshop, (1998). Malvar, H.S.: MCLT and its application to audio processing. In: ICASSP, IEEE (1999). The Secure Digital Music Initiative. Call for Proposals, Phase I. Website at http://www.sdmi.org. Malvar, H.S.: Auditory masking in audio compression. In: Greennebaum K. (ed.): Audio Anec- dotes. Kluwer, New York (2000). 224
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Camino de Santiago
Has anyone done the last 100 miles of the camino de santiago? if so, where did you start? where to stay along the way (non-hostels) my group is planning on going but we feel we cannot do the whole 500 miles due to time and physical capabilities...thanks in advance for sharing


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UEX Internship Course - Liberal Arts Career Institute (LACI)
Why take the LACI course?
This course is designed for interns who prefer not to pay the full summer tuition for a comparable university course (particularly students who pay out-of-state or international tuition rates) and whose employers require credit to participate in the internship, though the student does not need credit for her degree plan.
In the fall and spring, this course is designed for students who do not have access to a credit course but whose employers require credit for the internship.
Course Description
LACI: Credit Internship Course (LA 110wb through UEX) is a one-credit, web-based course designed to complement your internship experience. Assignments will be completed each week and uploaded to our online course site, Canvas. Assignments include journals, resume writing, evaluations and a final paper. Course communications are also managed via Canvas by email.
Liberal Arts Career Institute internship courses can be repeated in different semesters/summer sessions in conjunction with new/different internships. In addition, you can register for a Liberal Arts Career Institute internship course more than once in a given semester or during the summer in conjunction with separate internships (i.e., if you have more than one internship, you can enroll in the course more than once in conjunction with different internships).
Summer 2015: Download UEX LA 110wb Syllabus
Fall 2015: Download UEX LA 110wb Syllabus
Spring 2016: Check back with us in October
Student Eligibility
- Currently-enrolled, degree-seeking student in an accredited 2- or 4-year college or university
- Twelve or more credit hours by the start of the semester or summer in which you register for the internship course
- In good academic standing (above 2.0 GPA, not on academic probation) at home institution
- Not on scholastic or disciplinary dismissal at home institution
- For those who have taken any of the LACI internship courses in a previous semester, you earned a passing grade in each course (you have never failed a LACI internship course)
Internship Site Eligibility
The internship site may be local to your home institution or anywhere around the world.
Internship eligibility is reviewed on a case-by-case basis; however, following are general requirements. The internship must (1) provide direct and daily supervision and guidance; (2) provide regular access to the supervisor; (3) assign meaningful projects; and (4) provide a professional, established working environment with a strong learning component (home-office sites and virtual/work from home or "in the field" internships are not eligible for the course).
Hours Requirement
During the fall and spring semesters, you must intern a minimum of 10 hours per week for a minimum of 12 weeks between the first and last class day. Fall 2015 dates are August 26-December 4, 2015.
During the summer term, you must intern a minimum of 14 hours per week for a minimum of 9 weeks between the first and last class day. Summer 2015 dates are June 4-August 14, 2015.
Course Credit
This course is offered on a credit/no credit basis. Please see the course syllabus to explore the grading policy and credit structre. The credit awarded is UT Austin Liberal Arts lower-division elective credit through University Extension (UEX). Transfer of credit is solely at the discretion of your home institution.
Fall 2015 Application Deadlines
You must complete all steps in the application process (see details in How To Apply section) by the application deadlines. If you do not complete one or more application step by the application deadline, the course will be officially closed, your application will be cancelled and you will not be eligible to participate in the internship course. Please note that all deadline times are listed in Central Time (time in Austin, Texas).
- The application deadline for completing steps 1-4 for UT students and 1-6 for non-UT students is: Monday, August 31, 2015 at 4:00 PM
- The final course-payment step for all applicants is: Tuesday, September 1, 2015 at 4:00 PM
Fee Information & Refund Policy
The LACI Credit Internship Course has an administrative fee of $40 and a course fee of $260, for a total of $300. These fees do not include access to University of Texas at Austin services.
Payment deadlines and the course fee refund policy for the fall 2015 semester are as follows. Please note that all deadline times are listed in Central Time (time in Austin, Texas).
- Administrative Fee: The $40 administrative fee is due upon approval of Step 1 (Application Part A); this fee is nonrefundable.
- Course Fee: The $260 course fee is due by September 1, 2015 at 4:00 PM; this fee is refundable by the date listed below.
- Refund Policy: The $260 course fee is refundable in full if a request to cancel your application is received in writing (by email or fax) by September 1, 2015 at 4:00 PM; please send your request to Amira Sounny-Slitine at firstname.lastname@example.com or by fax to 512-471-7903. Once the refund deadline has passed, your course fee is no longer refundable.
Course Withdrawal and Incompletion Policies
Course Withdrawal Policy: Course withdrawal is available in extraordinary circumstances. Petitions with accompanying documentation are reviewed on a case-by-case basis and solely at the discretion of the course instructor. When approved, students can withdraw from the course at any time before the last class day with no recorded grade (pass or fail). For example, a medical withdrawal with medical documentation will result in a course cancellation rather than incomplete fail grade. If course withdrawal approval is not granted, you may leave the course and receive a failing grade. A course withdrawal is not eligible for a refund of course-related fees.
Incompletion Policy: In order to successfully complete this course, you MUST complete the internship. If you leave the internship before the end date; are let go from the site; or fail to complete the required number of hours, you will automatically fail the internship course. If the employer lets you go for reasons beyond your control, you will not automatically fail this course; we will work with you in such cases. An incompletion of the internship course is not eligible for a refund of course-related fees.
How to Apply
This course has a multiple-step application and payment process. Step 1 must be completed first. Once your Application Part A (Step 1) is approved, you will be given access to the Administrative Fee payment site (Step 2). Once your payment is made you can continue the application process in no particular order as long as all steps are completed by the application deadline. After making your final course fee payment (prior to the deadline), you will receive an official enrollment notification and access to Canvas, our online course software.
|UT Austin Students
|Non-UT Austin Students
|Step 1: Complete Application Part A [online here].
|Step 1: Complete Application Part A [online here].
|Step 2: Once your Application Part A is approved, you will be given access to the $40 Administrative Fee payment site. Once you have successfully completed Application Part A and you have paid your Administrative Fee, you will be given access to the next application steps (3-4).
|Step 2: Once your Application Part A is approved, you will be given access to the $40 Administrative Fee payment site. Once you have successfully completed Application Part A and you have paid your Administrative Fee, you will be given access to the next application steps (3-6).
|Step 3: You and your internship supervisor will complete and submit Application Part B, including the internship learning agreement.
|Step 3: You and your internship supervisor will complete and submit Application Part B, including the internship learning agreement.
|Step 4: You will submit a copy of the official internship offer letter/email from your employer.
|Step 4: Non-UT Austin students will submit your official transcript from your current home institution.
|Step 5: Once you have completed steps 1-4, you will be given access to the $260 Course Fee payment site.
|Step 5: You will submit a copy of the official internship offer letter/email from your employer.
|Step 6: You will submit the Identification Verification Form that has been notarized by a public notary or by a member of the Liberal Arts Career Services staff on the UT Austin campus.
|Step 7: Once you have completed steps 1-6, you will be given access to the $260 Course Fee payment site.
Contact Us
Amira Sounny-Slitine, LACI Course Coordinator
Liberal Arts Career Services, The University of Texas at Austin
2304 Whitis Ave Stop G6200, Austin, TX 78712-1508
512.471.7900 | firstname.lastname@example.com


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Red Carpet
Last Night's Look: Love It or Leave It?We can't stop talking about Taylor Swift's floral frock, Olivia Palermo's sequin topper and more outfits that stars were just spotted in. Check them out, then vote – fashion-forward or fashion fail?
Credit: Charles Sykes/Invision/AP
Updated: Saturday Jun 08, 2013 | 06:00 AM EDT
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Religious Freedom Wins in Mississippi
In a victory for religious freedom, last week Mississippi Governor Phil Bryant (R) signed into law the state's Religious Freedom Restoration Act. The Mississippi law… Read More
In a victory for religious freedom, last week Mississippi Governor Phil Bryant (R) signed into law the state's Religious Freedom Restoration Act. The Mississippi law… Read More
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The Most Appropriate Use of 'Freebird' Ever
During Sunday afternoon's meeting between the Oakland Raiders and the Kansas City Chiefs, there was an unwelcome guest on the field.
During Sunday afternoon's meeting between the Oakland Raiders and the Kansas City Chiefs, there was an unwelcome guest on the field.
That's the name of Skynyrd's new album.
And a happy birthday to one of the founding and last original members of Lynyrd Skynyrd.
Less than a year after opening for business -- and just two months after a local paper deemed its barbecue the best on the Las Vegas strip -- Lynyrd Skynyrd BBQ & Beer has filed for Chapter 11.
October 20, 2012 is about 3 weeks away. It's a date Lynyrd Skynyrd fans know because it'll mark 35 years since a plane crashed in rural Mississippi, leaving Ronnie Van Zant, Steve Gaines, Cassie Gaines, and several others dead.
And while it appeared to put an end to the rise of a southern rock band on the cusp of greatness, Lynyrd Skynyrd, itself, did not die in that crash. It lived on.
But now, 35 years later, Skynyrd's heritage and legacy is being called under the carpet.
Lynyrd Skynyrd have a pretty good feel for their audience, so it should come as no surprise that their latest video, 'Last of a Dyin' Breed,' gives the viewer a fair share of bikers, babes, and tips of the hat to their southern roots.
He would have turned 60 years old today, born on July 19, 1952 in Jacksonville, Florida.
As 105.7 The Hawk works its way through the A-Z Anthology, we've spent some time looking into the back stories of some of rock's most famous anthems.
The southern rocker was born on February 27, 1960 in Jacksonville, Florida.
Wishing Gary Rossington a very happy belated birthday.


text:
A transvenous implantable medical device adapted for implantation in a body, and which is particularly adapted for use in a vessel such as the coronary sinus or cardiac great vein. The implantable medical device may take the form of a lead or catheter, and includes an extendable distal fixation member such as a helix. In one embodiment, the fixation member is a helix constructed of a shape memory metal or other super-elastic material. Upon deployment, the helix assumes a predetermined helix shape larger than the diameter of the lead body diameter. The helix functions to wedge or fix the lead within the vessel in a manner that does not impede the flow of blood through the vessel. The helix may be retracted for ease of repositioning and/or removal. In one embodiment of the invention, the fixation member may be advanced using a stiffening member such as a stylet. In another embodiment, the helix is coupled to a coiled conductor such that rotation of the conductor extends or retracts the helix. According to yet another aspect of the invention, a helix lumen including a flexible fluid-tight seal may be utilized to house the helix when it is in the retracted position.
1. An implantable medical device (IMD) adapted for implantation within a body, comprising:
an elongated body having a proximal end and a distal end, the distal end including an inner lumen;
a helix residing within the inner lumen and adapted to be extended beyond the distal end of the elongated body, at least a portion of the helix having a diameter that is larger than the diameter of the elongated body when the helix is extended to aid in affixing the helix in an implantation; and
a fixation assembly coupled to a proximal end of the helix and including a coupling member having a stylet interface slot wherein selective engagement with and rotation of the coupling member via the stylet interface slot, in a respective predetermined direction causes the helix to be extended and retracted, the fixation assembly being adapted to allow for retraction of the helix such that the helix re-assumes a compressed configuration within the inner lumen.
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18. A method of retaining an implantable medical device (IMD) at a desired implant site within a body, wherein the IMD includes an elongated body having a distal end including a lumen, and an expandable helix residing within the lumen and having a coupling member coupled with a proximal portion of the helix, the method comprising:
guiding the distal end of the IMD to the desired implant site;
inserting a removable stylet through the elongated body to engage the coupling member;
advancing the helix beyond the distal end by actuating the stylet so that the helix expands, and wherein at least a portion of the helix has a diameter larger than the diameter of the elongated body to aid in affixing the helix.
19. The method of
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retracting the helix into the lumen; and
moving the distal end of the elongated body.
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28. The method of
29. A medical lead adapted for implantation within the coronary sinus, comprising:
a lead body having a distal end that defines an inner recess;
an expandable helix residing within the inner recess that is adapted to be advanced outside the inner recess, at least a portion of the helix being capable of expanding to have a diameter that is larger than the diameter of the lead body to aid in affixing the helix; and
a coupling member affixed to a proximal portion of the helix and including a stylet receiving slot, wherein selective engagement with and rotation of the coupling member via the stylet receiving slot allows the helix to be advanced.
30. The medical lead of
31. The medical lead of
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This invention relates to the field of body implantable medical device systems; and in particular, to a body implantable medical device system that includes an expandable helix and that is particularly designed for implantation into a vessel of the body.
Modern electrical therapeutic and diagnostic devices for the heart, such as pacemakers, cardiovertors, and defibrillators, require a reliable electrical connection between the device and a region of the heart. Typically, a medical electrical lead is used for the desired electrical connection.
One type of commonly-used implantable lead is a transvenous lead generally taking the form of an elongated, substantially straight, flexible, insulated conductor. This type of lead is positioned through the venous system to attach to, and/or form an electrical connection with, the heart at the lead distal end. At the proximal end, the lead is typically connected to an implantable pulse generator. Because this type of lead may be placed through the venous system, electrical contact with the heart can be accomplished without requiring major thoracic surgery.
The specific design of a transvenous lead is generally dictated by the region of the heart in which it will be used. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,402,330 to Lindemans discloses a body implantable lead in which the lead body has a J-curve including a distal electrode with a permanent bend. This curve allows the lead to be readily positioned within, and connected to, the right atrium.
While the lead described in the '330 patent has been found acceptable for pacing the right atrium, a need exists for a similar transvenous medical electrical lead adapted for use in the left atrium. Such leads have been difficult to develop for a number of reasons. For example, minor blood clots are often caused by implanted objects placed within the vascular system. Should lead implantation cause blood clots to develop within the left side of the heart or associated vasculature, the direction of blood flow could cause these clots to be carried to the brain, causing stroke and other tissue damage. Thus, at present, chronic transvenous leads may not be safely implanted within the left side of the heart.
Despite the difficulties with lead placement, there remains a great need to be able to electrically stimulate and/or sense the left side of the heart since it accounts for the majority of the heart's hemodynamic output. For this reason, various pathologies may be better treated through stimulation on the left side of the heart. For example, in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, electrical stimulation of both the right and left sides of the heart has been shown to be of major importance to improve the patient's well-being and to manage heart failure. See, for example, Cazeau et al., "Four Chamber Pacing in Dilated Cardiomyopathy," PACE, November 1994, pgs. 1974-79. See also Brecker and Fontainem, St. et al., "Effects Of Dual Chamber Pacing With Short Atrioventricular Delay In Dilated Cardiomyopathy," Lancet November 1992 Vol. 340 p1308-1312; Xiao H B et al., "Effect Of Left Bundle Branch Block On Diastolic Function In Dilated Cardiomyopathy," Br. Heart J 1991, 66(6) p 443-447; and Fontaine G et al, "Electrophysiology Of Pseudofunction," C. I. Meere (ed.) Cardiac pacing, state of the art 1979, Pacesymp, 1979 Montreal.
At present, there are several techniques for implanting a lead to the left side of the heart. For example, a median sternotomy, an intercostals approach, or, in a more limited procedure, a sub-xiphod approach may be used to place a lead on the external surface of the heart. These procedures, however, involve major surgery, which may be painful and dangerous for the patient, as well as extremely costly. The sub-xiphod approach, moreover, only permits limited access to the anterolateral surface of the left ventricle as well as to the left atrium.
An alternative approach involves electrically accessing the left atrium through the coronary sinus. Many catheter designs are available to facilitate lead placement in the coronary sinus. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,423,772 to Lurie, et. al. discloses a coronary sinus catheter having three sections. Each section has varying degrees of flexibility, with the proximal reinforced section being stiffer than an intermediate section, and the intermediate section being stiffer than a softened tip section. The catheter includes a curve extending from the intermediate section and continuing into the softened tip section, where the radius of curvature decreases. One drawback to such a design, however, is that the particular shape of the curve is not ideally suited for electrically accessing the left atrium. In addition, such a catheter is relatively complicated to manufacture because of the braid or other means that is required to reinforce the proximal section. Finally, such a catheter does not permit introduction of a stylet to assist in the placement of the catheter into the coronary sinus.
Another design is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,161,029 to Spreigl, et al. This design utilizes a balloon-expandable or self-expanding stent-like electrode that is deployed within the coronary sinus to distribute the electrode surface area over a wide area and to maintain the distal lead end in place. However, this type of lead is difficult to re-position or remove, as may be necessary to improve thresholds, to increase intrinsic signal amplitudes, or to replace the lead in the case of chronic problems such as lead failure or infection.
Yet another lead design is discussed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,006,122 to Smits. The disclosed lead utilizes a bent fixation ring positioned adjacent to a distal coronary sinus electrode. The ring, which is formed of a pliable material, is adapted to wedge or fix the lead within the coronary sinus in such a manner that the electrode is pushed against the vessel wall without impeding blood flow through the vessel. One of the drawbacks of this particular design is the inability to re-position and/or remove the electrode as may be required for any of the reasons discussed above.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,129,394 to Mehra describes a method and apparatus for sensing in vivo blood pressure proportional to the left ventricular pressure for detecting ventricular tachyarrhythmias or the cardiovascular status in congestive heart failure, and/or for adjusting the rate of a pacemaker. A lead with a pressure sensor near its distal end is placed transvenously through the coronary sinus and located in the coronary vein.
When in place, an inflatable balloon proximal to the pressure sensor may be used to acutely occlude the coronary vein until the sensor position is stabilized by the growth of fibrous tissue. According to this mechanism, the sensor may not be used for approximately six weeks until fibrous tissue has formed. After that, the lead may not be easily re-positioned or removed.
Other types of lead systems employ a shape memory-metal or other super elastic material designed to make the leads easier to deploy and affix. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,913,147 to Fahlstrom, et. al. describes a lead including one or more components formed of a shape-memory metal. These components are designed to have a first shape when at body temperature, and a second shape when at a different predetermined temperature. Such a component may be disposed at the distal lead end to assist in providing a reliable mechanical and electrical connection to the heart when the component changes shape. For example, this type of component may be disposed in proximity to the electrode to assume a first shape permitting easy introduction of the lead through a vein, and a second shape such as a curve that is adapted to maintain the electrode at a predetermined position within the heart or vascular system. In one disclosed embodiment of the device, the lead includes an extendable, non-expanding helix that remains smaller than the inner diameter of the lead lumen following deployment.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,522,876 to Rusink describes a lead for use with a pacemaker in a pacing system, the lead having at least one electrode and a helical fixation member at the lead distal tip. The helical member, which is adapted to be affixed to heart tissue, is composed of shape-memory metal. The helix is encapsulated within a mannitol or other dissolvable member in a shrunken state so that the helix diameter is less than the diameter of the lead casing. When the dissolvable member is dissolved by body fluids, the helix is released to assume an expanded diameter that is greater than the electrode diameter. When the helix is embedded into the heart wall, the helical coils are displaced radially away from the outer edge of the tip electrode so that the damage to the heart tissue immediately proximate to the tip electrode is minimized. One disadvantage of this system is that the helix is not retractable once it is deployed. Moreover, the design is adapted for use in the right ventricular or right atrial cardiac wall.
What is needed, therefore, is an improved lead adapted for use in the coronary sinus, middle and great cardiac veins, or another vessel that is both easy to deploy, and that may be readily removed and/or re-positioned.
It is thus an object of the present invention to provide a medical electrical lead that is suitably shaped to provide an electrical connection through the coronary sinus to one or both of the left chambers of the heart.
A still further object of the present invention is to provide a medical electrical lead having an electrode positioned so that when the lead is implanted into the coronary sinus, the electrode is positioned against the coronary sinus wall.
A still further object of the present invention is to provide a medical lead having a fixation method that may be extended and retracted to allow positioning and re-positioning of the lead.
A still further object of the present invention is to provide a medical lead having a fixation helix constructed of shape memory metal or other super elastic material that, upon extension, increases in diameter to the vessel wall, securing the lead in position.
A still further object of the present invention is to provide a medical electrical lead having an electrode that may be positioned along a selected portion of the coronary sinus wall in a manner that minimizes the restriction of blood flow through the coronary sinus.
These and other objects are accomplished through the present invention. In one embodiment, the present invention comprises an implantable medical device (IMD) such as a transvenous lead or catheter specifically designed for implantation within the body. While the inventive IMD and associated method of positioning the IMD may be used within a chamber of the heart such as the right ventricle, the invention is particularly suited for use in any body vessel, including the coronary sinus and cardiac great vein. The lead of the present invention includes an expandable fixation member such as a helix that may function as a pacing/sensing or a defibrillation electrode. The fixation member may be constructed of a shape memory metal or other super elastic material, and functions to wedge or fix the device within the coronary sinus or other vessel so that the fixation member is pushed against the vessel wall. The fixation member includes a central lumen so that the flow of blood through the vessel is not impeded. In alternative embodiments, the fixation member may be used for positioning only, as with defibrillation electrodes and/or sensors that are carried on a lead body. Alternatively, the current expandable fixation member may be usefully employed with any elongated implantable medical device, including catheters.
In one embodiment, the fixation member may be advanced using a stiffening member such as a stylet. The stiffening member is rotated to impart rotation to a helix in a manner that advances or retracts the helix. In another embodiment, the helix is coupled at a proximal end to a coiled conductor. Rotation of a proximal end of the conductor serves to extend or retract the helix. According to yet another aspect of the invention, a helix lumen including a flexible fluid-tight seal may be utilized to house the helix when it is in the retracted position. Additional aspects of the current invention will become apparent from the detailed description of the invention and the drawings.
The lead 10 of
With continued reference to
The embodiment of
Fixation assembly 26 may be retained within helix sleeve 46 by means of a substantially cylindrical helix seal 70 which may be formed of molded silicone rubber. Helix seal 70 is provided with a helical lumen or channel 72 extending from front to back, through which helix 28 is able to pass. Helical lumen 72 in helix seal 70 may be initially sealed at the distal end 76. When helix 28 advanced into helix seal 70 from the back, helix seal 70 guides helix 28 forward, such that the pointed tip of helix 28 pierces point 76 of lumen 72. When helix 28 is screwed back out, the resiliency of silicone rubber seal 70 is such that lumen 72 effectively seals itself. This self-sealing arrangement is believed to be advantageous in that it prevents body fluids from entering electrode and fixation assembly 26.
Helix 28 may be advanced and retracted using an embodiment of stylet 24 having a flattened tip 25. Rotation of the stylet imparts rotation to the helix assembly, causing the straightened helix to advance or retract. Upon exiting the distal end of the lead, the helix expands into a helical shape that makes solid contact with the vessel wall. The embodiment of fixation assembly and stylet illustrated in
Transvenous implantation of lead 10 may be accomplished using conventional lead introduction techniques. During the implantation procedure, stylet 24 is used to provide stiffness to lead body 12, facilitating manipulation of lead 10 through the patient's venous system. Helix 28 is maintained in its most retracted position until the distal end of lead 10 including fixation assembly 26 is brought into contact with the desired coronary sinus, great vein, or other stimulation site. Since helix 28 is contained completely within the electrode and fixation assembly 26, it is prevented from damaging tissue as lead 10 is advanced through the venous system.
Once the desired electrode positioning is achieved, stylet 24 is rotated in the appropriate direction to cause helix 28 to advance through helical channel 72 within helix seal 70, eventually piercing a sealed portion at the distal end of helical channel 72 in the manner discussed above. Continued rotation of helix 28 will cause further advancement, so that helix 28 extends to its full diameter, engaging the endocardial vessel wall. In this way, electrode and fixation assembly 26, and in particular, helix electrode 28, is secured in contact with the desired stimulation site. To later remove or re-locate the lead, helix 28 can be released without significantly damaging the cardiac tissue by rotating stylet 24 in the opposite direction. Helix 28 re-assumes a compressed configuration when retracted within the lead inner lumen.
Yet another embodiment of a helix as may be employed with the current invention is shown in commonly-assigned U.S. Pat. No. 4,570,642 to Kane et al. hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. According to this embodiment, the helix is fixed on a member slidably located within a chamber of the distal end of the pacing lead. A cylindrical stylet is employed to distally advance the slidable member within the chamber. This, in turn, exposes the fixation helix so that it may be screwed into the myocardium by rotation of the entire lead body.
Although the lead of
In yet another embodiment of the current lead system, the lead body carries a sensing device such as sensor 110 (
Many other types of sensors may be carried on a lead configured according to the current invention. Such sensors may measure O2 saturation, temperature, flow, impedance, stroke volume, pH, and/or any of the other types of physiologic measurements known in the art. These sensors may be deployed, positioned and firmly anchored in the coronary sinus, middle and/or great cardiac vein, or another vessel using the current invention.
Although a specific embodiment of the invention has been disclosed, this is done for purposes of illustration only, and is not intended to be limiting with regards to the scope of the invention. It is contemplated various substitutions, alterations and/or modifications may be made to the disclosed embodiment without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Such modifications may include substituting elements or components that perform substantially the same function in substantially the same way to achieve substantially the same result as those described herein.
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text: Today the first poster was revealed for Summit Entertainment's P2 (trailer), which hits theaters November 9. The story centers on a corporate climber (Nichols) who gets stuck working late on Christmas Eve and finds herself the target of an unhinged security guard (Bentley). With no help in sight, the woman must overcome physical and psychological challenges to survive. Alex Aja (High Tension, Hills Have Eyes) produced.


text:
Augusto Pinochet
Gen. Augusto Pinochet Ugarte, the brutal dictator who repressed and reshaped Chile for nearly two decades, died on Dec. 10, 2006, at the Military Hospital of Santiago.
News about Augusto Pinochet, including commentary and archival articles published in The New York Times appear below.
In Chile's National Stadium, Dark Past Shadows Copa América Matches
The stadium, which was used as a prison camp after the 1973 military coup that overthrew Chile's Marxist president, is the site of six games in the Copa América soccer tournament.
June 19, 2015, Friday
Pasado del Estadio Nacional en Chile, una sombra sobre la Copa América
El Estadio Nacional, sede de seis juegos de la Copa América, tal vez sea la arena deportiva más infame del mundo.
June 19, 2015, Friday
Facing Justice in the Court of Memory
Exposure and shame are powerful deterrents to future abuses by tyrannical regimes.
April 16, 2014, Wednesday
Memories of Chile
How one country emerged from dictatorship to become a success story in a region riven by ideological divides.
February 21, 2014, Friday
A Chilean Dictator's Secret Book Collection: Heavy on Napoleon, Light on Fiction
General Augusto Pinochet Ugarte, known for his brutal 17-year rule, amassed about 50,000 volumes for his private library, using public money.
January 10, 2014, Friday
Chile Recalls Coup With Flurry of Events and New Openness
The weeks leading up to the anniversary of the Sept. 11, 1973, military coup that brought Gen. Augusto Pinochet to power have been marked with an avalanche of events and media coverage.
September 9, 2013, Monday
9/11: The Day Everything Changed, in Chile
It was Claudio Jimeno, and not I, who fought by Allende's side and who was taken prisoner and tortured and never seen again.
September 8, 2013, Sunday
Focus on Healing Arts After Kidnapping Conviction
Tomás Cassella, a former Uruguayan Army colonel who was extradited to Chile in 2006, has become a reiki master, but is living in legal limbo as he appeals his case.
March 30, 2013, Saturday
Pinochet Tried Defying Defeat, Papers Show
Newly published American documents indicate that the Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet sought to use military force to annul the referendum that ended his rule.
February 24, 2013, Sunday
Echoes of a Debate
In Chile, controversy over the movie "No" is reminiscent of debates here over "Lincoln" and "Zero Dark Thirty."
February 13, 2013, Wednesday
A Notorious Symbol
Gen. Augusto Pinochet Ugarte, who seized power of Chile on Sept. 11, 1973, in a bloody military coup, died on Dec. 10, 2006.
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Did you know that Google Play offers a bunch of free episodes? Well, it's true. Find out what you own for the cost of nothing....
- published: 18 Jun 2015
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William Bradley "Brad" Pitt (born December 18, 1963) is an American actor and film producer. Pitt has received four Academy Award nominations and five Golden Globe Award nominations, winning one Golden Globe. He has been described as one of the world's most attractive men, a label for which he has received substantial media attention.
Pitt first gained recognition as a cowboy hitchhiker in the road movie Thelma & Louise (1991). His first leading roles in big-budget productions came with A River Runs Through It (1992), Interview with the Vampire (1994), and Legends of the Fall (1994). In 1995, he gave critically acclaimed performances in the crime thriller Seven and the science fiction film 12 Monkeys, the latter earning him a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor and an Academy Award nomination. Four years later, Pitt starred in the cult hit Fight Club. He then starred in the major international hit Ocean's Eleven (2001) and its sequels, Ocean's Twelve (2004) and Ocean's Thirteen (2007). His greatest commercial successes have been Troy (2004) and Mr. & Mrs. Smith (2005). Pitt received his second and third Academy Award nominations for his leading performances in The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (2008) and Moneyball (2011). In addition, Pitt owns a production company, Plan B Entertainment, whose productions include The Departed (2006), which won the Academy Award for Best Picture, and Moneyball, which garnered a Best Picture nomination.