text:
I moved house - and a thief hijacked my identity
Paul Ticher, an IT consultant knows someone tried to steal his identity earlier this year.
Being you, being me
Impersonation, the fastest rising form of fraud, is all too easy to commit, writes Jason Deign
Cash p2
New pensions a bad deal for women
Stakeholders, supposedly the last word in pension planning, have been dismissed as sexist.
Tempest in a test tube for insurers
Insurers are at loggerheads with an influential committee of MPs over their enthusiasm for genetic testing.
Cash p5
Stakeholder 'not for the low paid'
Experts fear small savers face benefit trap, says Maria Scott.
Cash p6
Want a tax break? Be a sperm donor
Highly-paid employees who bump up their incomes with freelance earnings will be able to use the stakeholder pension to boost their retirement fund.
Save your boss £50,000. Tell him to set up a pension
Firms are muddled over stakeholders, says Maria Scott.
Cash p7
It's location, location - and relocation
A company moving in can do wonders for prices, writes Graham Norwood.
Cash p8
What's the catch?
Paramount Bank personal loans.
Cash p9
Justice for Dredd
The British artists behind the US superhero are at last winning acclaim, says John Windsor, and their work is still cheap
Cash p10
What to do when the holiday's over
Steven Weatherby is keeping an eye on the future while enjoying his time out, writes Margaret Dibben
Cash p12
Quick help for homeowners as lending rates come down.
Cash p13
Victims of violence forced to battle for 'stingy' payouts
The compensation system is under increasing fire, says Colin Cottell.
Your life - or your money
Insurance can now be an each way bet, reports Jill Insley.
Cash p14
Make tracks away from trackers
Markets are increasingly volatile; falling prices, globalisation and intensifying competition are making it harder for companies to increase profits.
Exeter Chameleon Life-stage Isa
Contact 0800 807 807
Cash p17
Passport, tickets... and form E111
Tracey Boles on how to get free health care abroad.
Cash p18
Insured for sickness - but not death
Has your bank, building society or insurer treated you badly? We seek justice for our readers.


text:
We spent the first half of our honeymoon at this hotel. We were very impressed on arrival, we were offered cool drinks and several key members of staff introduced themselves to us before we were whisked off to our room. They had made a special effort to cater for my husband's food allergy which was appreciated.
We paid for a hill top villa, ours was probably the lowest of all within this price range but it did seem to be a little more private (nearly all the villas are overlooked by the spa at the top of the resort) The accommodation was of a very high standard and looked beautiful. We were welcomed with a honeymoon cake, fresh fruit, pink champagne and a lovely full bath.
The standard of cleaning was a minor let down. Whilst the room wasn't dirty there were little grubby bits on the floor in places and odd smear marks on some of the windows, it wouldn't have been hard to avoid this! Similarly we weren't very impressed by housekeeping. The lounger cushions by the pool were put away in the evenings (except for a day when they forgot!). On a few days housekeeping didn't visit us until around 4pm, this is not ideal if you want to spend the day in your villa with no outdoor towels and an unclean pool. Similarly, the cover on the gazebo bed was never changed and was increasingly covered in little lizard poops!
The buggy service which you cannot live without was generally very good with buggys arriving within 10 minutes, on a couple of occasions we were waiting for nearly half an hour though, again a minor issue which the hotel could have easily dealt with! The drivers were lovely and friendly though!
The biggest disappointment for us was the in resort dining options. The restaurants are priced along the same lines as fine dining establishments in the uk which we were prepared for, unfortunately the food doesn't match up. One evening I ordered a chicken dish and my husband sushi. My dinner came out half an hour before his and we were forced to eat separately. On top of this, my chicken was slightly bloody in the centre and we were charges for a more expensive sushi dish than we ordered. This kind of service is appalling from a cheaper restaurant let alone one with the prices we were charged!!
Despite this we did enjoy our stay, the spa is amazing, the beach beautiful and clean and the rooms of a high standard. I have left such a detailed review as a lot of this minor issues that left us with a bad feeling could be so easily rectified.
- Official Description (provided by the hotel):
- Discover Seychelles' best kept secret – a tropical amphitheatre of treetop villas circling the idyllic white smile of Mahé's Petite Anse bay. Descend down lushly forested paths to the secluded powder-sand beach or rise to the dramatic heights of the contemporary spa, cantilevered off the hillside with views that stretch forever. The villa interiors are inspired by rustic Seychellois and French colonial style. Simple, whitewashed timber slat walls allow our carefully curated collection of objets d'art to sing. The verandah, day bed pavilion, and infinity plunge pool set off unencumbered views of tropical greenery, the white sand enclosed in the bay, and the azure waters of the Indian Ocean. With only 67 villas and suites raised on stilts amongst mango, jackfruit and cinnamon trees on a 180-hectare site nestled in the natural amphitheatre of Petite Anse, the resort is a haven of untouched nature and peaceful isolation. From castaway days to vibrant Creole nights, bask in the cultural and culinary essences of the Seychelles infused with legendary Four Seasons care.Treehouse villas have their own private infinity pool cleverly integrated into vast wooden terraces, indoor and outdoor showers and large ocean-view baths. Journey to wellness at the hilltop spa where yoga and invigorating treatments await. Relaxation next to the white powder sands and azure waters is taken to the next level by a beach service tailored to make your time in the warm Seychelles climate as comfortable as possible, while recreation activities bring fun and adventure to those looking to try something new. "Kids for All Seasons" will keep young guests entertained, allowing parents to spend private moments together. ... more less
- Reservation Options:
- TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Booking.com, Expedia, Hotels.com, Travelocity, Escapio, Odigeo, TripOnline SA and Priceline so you can book your Four Seasons Resort Seychelles reservations with confidence. We help millions of travelers each month to find the perfect hotel for both vacation and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.
- Also Known As:
- 4 Seasons Resort Seychelles
- Four Seasons Resort Seychelles Hotel Baie Lazare
- Four Seasons Seychelles
- Four Seasons Baie Lazare
- Four Seasons Resort Seychelles Mahe Island

subset: commoncrawl


text:
(based on 26 reviews)
of respondents would recommend this to a friend.
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road gloves
By st
from florida
About Me Avid Cyclist
See all my reviews
Comments about Louis Garneau Air Gel Pro Gloves - Nashbar Exclusive:
I like them because there are no straps to contend with and they stay on the hand just fine.
Bottom Line Yes, I would recommend this to a friend
Was this review helpful? Yes / No
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Comment on this review
By Bad hands
from Charleston, sc
Very comfortable except for the little tab in the middle of the wrist which is scratchy and annoying. Nice padding.
Buy small or don't buy at all
By Colin the Irish
from Northwest Hills CT
About Me Casual/ Recreational
I have very large hands which makes finding cycling gloves a pain. These gloves fit quite well initially. Once I started riding and sweating they quickly started to not fit so well. They do seem well constructed but by a size smaller than you would normally. Then they might fit properly for the entire bike ride not just the 30 seconds before
Bottom Line No, I would not recommend this to a friend
Amazing Comfort
By SweetFeriend
from Reno Nevada
I appreciate Nashbar Customer Satisfaction...I purchased the riding glove from Nashbar due to the excellent price. First time I put the gloves on the seam on top of glove pulled apart. Knowing the usual quality of LG products I knew this was a fluke. Called Nashbar and returned gloves with NO hassle. I received my new LG gloves with great satisfaction. They are amazing riding gloves. I enjoy the comfort! Price is unbeatable. Thanks Nashbar...I am spreading the word about the great products and price you offer.
Good Gloves
By John Greer
from Lockport, IL
About Me Commuter
Have only had these for two months. Havn't really tested them yet. No hand fatigue after 12 miles. I can't compare them, because they're my first pair of fingerless padded cyclist's gloves. I like them so far.
By Friendswood - Al B
from Friendswood, TX
About Me Competitive Cyclist
My family got these for me for Christmas. I've been having tingling in my hands for a while and only the cheap holy gloves helped. The expensive ones never did.These gloves rock. Long rides with no tingling. there is great padding in the palms.I love them so much, I bought a 2nd pair. I highly recommend them.My only complaint is that they fit tight (however, this might be a plus). When taking off my first pair after getting them they stretched so much, it ripped just a little. I'm more careful now. Again, I love them and bought a 2nd pair.
Really Nice Riding Gloves/ Had to return do to Defect
I have been using LG products for 1 year now. This is the first item (gloves) I purchased with a defect. This is no way Nashbar's fault. I have never had an issue with Nashbar or anything they sell. I returned the defective gloves and are waiting to hear back about the return. It has been 7 days since I returned. No email if they have received the returned product.If not for the defect in the hem of gloves I would gives a Five star rating.
excellent comfortable
By x
from fla
No finger wedgies
By Mo
from Mission Viejo, CA
I ride on the road and mostly on the hoods, not in the drops. After about 30 miles on rougher roads I notice soreness on the knuckle at the base of my index finger, between the index finger and thumb of my left hand only. Other than that they are comfortable with no finger wedgies I normally get with other gloves.
Quality usually cost more
By Jim at Foxx Brothers Racing
from Forbush, NC
These are pricey gloves but sometimes quality cost more. This is one of those times.
Item No. »
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text:
A method and apparatus for encrypting and decrypting data using a transform which is a function of input data and a basis. After the input data is received, the basis is generated from key values specifying characteristics of a cellular automata space of at least one cell and at least one rule of interaction for the at least one cell. Using the generated basis, the input data is transformed into encrypted or decrypted data.
1. A method of encrypting data using a transform which is a function of input data and a basis, the method comprising the steps performed by a computer of:
a. receiving the input data;
b. generating the basis from key values specifying characteristics of a cellular automata space of at least one cell and at least one rule of interaction for the at least one cell; and
c. transforming the input data into encrypted data using the basis.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the transforming step includes a substep of:
transmitting the encrypted data to a receiver.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the generating step includes a substep of:
evolving the at least one cell using the key values and the at least one rule of interaction.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein the generated basis is one of a plurality of classes of bases, each class having a basis type and defining an element value.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein the element value for a first class of the plurality of classes of bases is one, zero, or negative one.
6. The method of claim 4 wherein the element value is a weighted sum of values in selected ones of the cells during intervals of said evolution.
7. The method of claim 4 wherein the element value is an average of the cells having a selected value.
8. The method of claim 4 wherein the element value is computed following the steps of:
selecting the key value;
dividing the input data into segments;
calculating reconstruction weights, wherein an element of said input data is determined using the reconstruction weights from other elements of said input data;
transforming an initial data value into reconstructed data using the reconstruction weights; and
comparing said reconstructed data to the input data.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein the input data is a digital image.
10. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of storing the key values in memory.
11. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of transmitting the key values to a receiver.
12. A method of decrypting data using a transform which is a function of input data and a basis, the method comprising the steps performed by a computer of:
a. receiving the input data;
b. generating the basis from key values specifying characteristics of at least one cell and at least one rule of interaction of the at least one cell; and
c. transforming the input data into decrypted data using the basis.
13. The method of claim 12 wherein the transforming step includes a substep of:
storing the decrypted data.
14. The method of claim 12 wherein the generating step includes a substep of:
evolving the at least one cell using the key values and the at least one rule of interaction.
15. The method of claim 14 wherein the generated basis is one of a plurality of classes of bases, each class having a basis type and defining an element value.
16. The method of claim 15 where the element value for a first class of the plurality of classes of bases is one, zero, or negative one.
17. The method of claim 15 wherein the element value is a weighted sum of values in selected ones of the cells during intervals of said evolution.
18. The method of claim 17 wherein said input data is a digital image.
19. The method of claim 15 wherein the element value is computed following the steps of:
selecting the key value;
dividing the input data into segments;
calculating reconstruction weights, wherein an element of said input data is determined using said reconstruction weights from other elements of said input data;
transforming an initial data value into reconstructed data using said reconstruction weights; and
comparing said reconstructed data to said input data.
20. The method of claim 15 wherein the element value is an average of the cells having a selected value.
21. The method of claim 14 further comprising the step of storing said key values in memory.
22. The method of claim 14 further comprising the step of transmitting said key values to a receiver.
23. An apparatus for encrypting or decrypting data using a transform which is a function of input data and a basis, the apparatus comprising:
a. a receiver receiving the input data;
b. a processing module, connected to the receiver, generating the basis from key values specifying characteristics of at least one cell and at least one rule of interaction of the at least one cell; and
c. said processing module transforming the input data into encrypted or decrypted data using the basis.
The present invention relates to data encryption/decryption, and, in particular, to applying a cellular automata transform to data encryption/decryption.
Data is encrypted, that is, scrambled, for security during transmission or storage. Several encryption techniques using dynamic systems have been developed in recent years.
For example, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,048,086, M. Blanco and D. Reed taught a system that uses dynamic systems to generate pseudo-random numbers which are combined, in an XOR operation, with the plain text to form the encrypted message. The seed of the pseudo-random number is the encryption key.
S. Wolfram taught the use of a particular cellular automaton, known as Rule 30, to generate pseudo-random numbers. Proceedings of Crypto '85, pp 429-432. The encryption key is only the initial state of the cellular automaton. Additionally, P. Guan taught the use of an invertible dynamical system for encryption. "Cellular Automata Public-Key Cryptosystems," Complex Systems 1, 1987. During the encryption phase the dynamical system is run in the forward direction. Decryption involves running the inverse of the dynamical system on the encrypted message.
J. Kari has also described an encryption technique that uses reversible dynamical systems. J-P, Delahaye, "Les Automates," Pour La Science, pp 126-134, 1991.
Lastly, H. Gutowitz described a system using irreversible dynamical systems, involving either or both forward and backward iteration, in some aspects of the encryption and decryption process. U.S. Pat. No. 5,365,589.
None of these conventional techniques employs a transform in which input data is encrypted/decrypted using a basis. Further, one primary limitation of these conventional cryptographic techniques is the complexity of the encryption and decryption processes. In the implementations that use pseudo-random numbers, for example, the quality of the generated numbers, as pertaining to their true randomness, cannot by fully guaranteed. The ones that use forward and backward iteration of reversible and irreversible dynamical systems involve complicated arithmetic operations. As will be explained below, the present invention uses a transform that involves a huge library of cryptographic keys derived from a family of cellular automata.
To overcome the limitations of the existing technology the present invention applies a cellular automata (CA) transform for data encryption/decryption. In accordance with the disclosed method, a computer receives input data, generates a CA basis from a combination of key values, and transforms the input data into encrypted data using the CA basis.
Decrypting of encrypted data is performed by a computer that receives encrypted data, generates a CA basis from a combination of key values, and transforms the encrypted data using the basis into decrypted data using the CA basis.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory and are intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed.
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute part of this specification. These drawings illustrate several embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention.
FIG. 1 is an illustration of three-cell neighborhoods in a CA lattice;
FIG. 2 is an illustration of the application of a local rule of interaction to a three-cell CA neighborhood;
FIG. 3 shows the iteration of CA cell states at four time intervals;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an apparatus for computing the CA transform according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flow diagram for CA encoding of data according to a prefered implementation of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is an illustration of a CA key and CA key values according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a flow chart showing the CA transform using an S-basis according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is an illustration of a data string used to explain the S-bases according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 illustrates examples of 7 basis types according to the present invention; and
FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing data encryption and decryption using the CA transform according to a preferred implementation of the present invention.
Reference will now be made in detail to the present preferred embodiments of the invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Cellular automata (CA) are dynamic systems in which space and time are discrete. The cells, which are arranged in the form of a regular lattice structure, have a finite number of states. These states are updated synchronously according to a specified local rule of interaction. For example, a 2-state 1-dimensional cellular automaton will consist of a set of cells (sites), each of which can take value 0 or 1. Using a specified "rule," the values for all cells are updated simultaneously in discrete time steps. An example of a rule is the expression that the value of each cell at a specific time interval is equal to the sum of the values of its immediately adjacent neighbor cells at the previous time interval. With a k-state automaton, each cell can take any of the integer values between 0 and k-1.
In general, the rule governing the evolution of the cellular automaton willencompass r sites up to a finite distance away. Thus, such a cellular automaton is a k-state, r-site neighborhood CA.
A CA-based technology offers a favorable computational environment for encrypting and decrypting data in real time. The greatest advantage is that the underlying computational procedure uses Boolean computation, the natural language of computers, and thus does not devour time and computional resources by performing complicated floating point computations. The computational simplicity translates into extremely fast data processing speed. FIG. 1 illustrates an eleven cell lattice 100 with cells 110a-k some of which are grouped in three exemplary cell "neighborhoods" 120a-c as shown by dashed lines. Each neighborhood 120a-c comprises a one-dimensional CA space. The state of each cell 110a-k is given by the Boolean variable a. When the state is on, a≡1; otherwise it is off and a≡0. The quantity ait represents the state (Boolean) of the i-th cell, at discrete time t, and whose two neighbors are in the following states: ai-1t and ai+1t. One of ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate that there are many possible lattice configurations and groupings of cell neighborhoods.
In general, the present invention implements a rule that will be used to synchronously calculate the state ait+1 from the state of the cells in the neighborhood at the t-th time level. The cellular automaton evolution is expressible in equation 1:
ait+1 =ℑ(ai-1t, ait, ai+1t) (1)
where ℑ is a Boolean function defining the rule.
There are eight possible cell values combinations for each neighborhood in a dual-state 3-site neighborhood automaton. These configurations are:
in which Cn is the Boolean value generated by the rule given the n-th configuration. There are 2n possible configurations for an n-site dual-state automaton.
Each rule for a one dimensional, dual-state, 3-site automaton, for example,the neighborhoods 120a-c, can be described by an eight-digit binary number.When specifying the rule of interaction for a CA, this binary number is used interchangeably with its decimal equivalent. There are, for example, 28 (or 256) possible distinct CA rules in one dimension with a two-state, three-site neighborhood.
FIG. 2 illustrates application of a rule (to be described below) over one time interval for a one dimensional CA. The variables at each cell may take values 0 or 1. The eight possible states of three adjacent cells are given in the left hand column and constitute the configurations C0 -C7 set forth above. The right hand column gives the result of the application of the rule for the time evolution of the CA by giving ait the value to be taken by the central cell 110f of the three cellsat the next time interval.
If a particular rule is applied to the dual-state three-cell neighborhood value combination listed above, a set of "configurations" C0 -C7result. For example, application of the rule known as the "modulo two" rule, that is, where the value of a cell at a particular time interval is the modulo two sum of the values of its two neighbors at the previous timeinterval results in the configurations shown in FIG. 2. Those skilled in the art know that this CA rule can be referred to by its Wolfram notation.In Wolfram notation, a CA rule number is assigned based on the decimal equivalent of the binary number C0 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7. For example, rule number 90 is the decimal equivalent of the binary number 01011010.
In general, for a k-state/r-site CA, there are k k.spsp.r rules and the evolution is expressible in equation 2:
ait+1 =ℑ(ai-mt, ai-m+1, t . . . , ai+mt)(2)
where m=(r-1)/2 (note that equation (2) assumes that r is an odd integer. If there are N cells in the entire one-dimensional CA space, there are a total of kN possible initial configurations with which to start the evolution of the CA space. Furthermore, if the CA is run over T discrete time intervals, the number of boundary (at the left and right boundaries) configurations possible is k2T.
For certain applications of the present invention, boundary configurations,the assumptions dictating which cells are neighbors of cells at the edge ofa CA lattice, are derived from the evolving lattice (cell states change over successive time intervals) by imposing a periodic (cyclic) condition.A cyclic boundary condition means that cells on the left 110d and right edges 120c of a CA lattice are considered neighbors for purposes of the application of the rule of interaction.
Since there are kk.spsp.r rules, the number of ways we can evolve a k-state/r-site/N-cells CA over T time steps is of the order kk.spsp.r+N+2T
FIG. 3 illustrates the evolution of cell states over four time intervals. In this example, a different rule, Wolfram rule 203, is applied to a two-state, three-site neighborhood in a four-cell lattice using cyclic boundary conditions. The first row represents the cell states in their initial configuration. The second, third, and fourth rows represent cell state values after the first, second, and third application of the CA Wolfram rule 203, respectively.
The preferred implementation of the present invention uses a CA transform to encrypt and decrypt data. This CA transform is specified in equation 3: ##EQU1##
The function f is defined in a physical space of lattice grid i using basisA and associated transform coefficients c. The variable k is an index that refers to the CA space of a lattice grid. The elements Aik of basis Aare generated from the states of the CA cells aik. Each element Aik is generated according to specified characteristics described below.
Equation 3 represents a mapping of the function f (in the physical domain) into c (in the CA space) using the basis A to define the mapping. A strength of this invention is the huge number and varied nature of the bases that can be generated. The basis A comprises the building blocks used to construct the function f. The building blocks possess a plurality of shapes, which will be explained further below. The coefficients c measure the size of each basis required to reconstruct f. Thus, in equation (3), f represents, for example, data; c represents an encoded version of the same data (e.g., encrypted data); and basis A represents the function used to encode the data. The manner in which the present invention implements this transform will be explained in greater detail below.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a preferred CA transform apparatus 400 in which the CA transform represented by equation (3) may be implemented. Other apparatus types, for example, general purpose computers, may be usedto implement the CA transform represented by equation (3).
Apparatus 400 is comprised of a receiver 402, an input device 405, a programmed control interface 404, control read only memory ("ROM") 408, control random access memory ("RAM") 406, process parameter memory 410, processing unit PU 416, cell state RAM 414, coefficient RAM 420, disk storage 422, and transmitter 424. Receiver 402 receives data from a transmitting data source for realtime (or batch) processing of informationsuch as satellite imagery or encrypted transmissions. Alternatively, data awaiting processing by the present invention (e.g., archived images) are stored in disk storage 422.
The present invention performs information processing according to programmed control instructions stored in control ROM 408 and/or control RAM 406. Information processing steps that are not fully specified by instructions loaded into control ROM 408 may be dynamically specified by auser using an input device 405 such as a keyboard. In place of, or in orderto supplement direct user control of programmed control instructions, a programmed control interface 404 provides a means to load additional instructions into control RAM 406. Process parameters received from input device 405 and programmed control interface 404 that are needed for the execution of the programmed control instructions are stored in process parameter memory 410. In addition, key values needed to compute a CA transform and any default process parameters can be preloaded into processparameter memory 410. Transmitter 424 provides a means to transmit the results of computations performed by the CA transform apparatus and process parameters used during computation.
The preferred apparatus 400 consists of at least one module 412 comprising a processing unit (PU) 418 and a cell state RAM 416. Module 412 is a physical manifestation of the CA cell. In an alternate embodiment more than one cell state RAM may share a PU.
The transform apparatus 400 shown in FIG. 4 can be readily implemented in parallel processing computer architectures. In a parallel processing implementation, processing units and cell state RAM pairs, or clusters of processing units and cell state RAMs, are distributed to individual processors in a distributed memory multiprocessor parallel architecture.
FIG. 5 is a flow diagram showing the steps common to performing informationprocessing using the present invention. First, a process type is specified (step 502). The process type indicates the specific type of applications to which the present invention will be directed. It can be preprogrammed in control ROM 408, determined dynamically from user input via the user interface 404, or read from a software control program loaded into controlRAM 406.
When performing one category of process types, the present invention transforms physical signals received by receiver 402 or stored in memory (disk storage 422). Encryption/decryption is one example of this category of process types.
Once a process type has been determined (step 502), the relevant process parameters are entered (step 504). The process parameters may vary for each process type. The process parameters, like the selection of the process type, can be preloaded or established dynamically.
For information processing applications, such as data encryption/decryption, relevant parameters are specified including the encoding error which will be zero for most cryptographic applications and the maximum time allowed for encoding.
A gateway key is specified either by a user or by choosing from among preloaded gateway key values stored in control memory (step 506). These gateway key values are described in detail below.
Using the specified gateway key (step 506), CA transform bases are generated (step 508). The computations required to generate the CA bases are performed by the PU 416. CA transform coefficients, in the form of encoded data, are computed by the PU 416 (step 510) as well.
Any computed CA transform coefficients may optionally be stored in memory 420 or transmitted via a transmitter 424 (step 512). The gateway key that was specified (step 506) and used to generate the CA transform basis (step508) are also either stored in memory 410 or transmitted via transmitter 424.
The preferred implementation uses a CA transform (gateway) key 600 consisting of a set of key values 602-620 illustrated FIG. 6. This key 600contains the building blocks, or parameters, necessary to fully specify a CA transform for a particular information processing application. The key values 602-620 include:
Key value 1 (602) specifies a rule of interaction of the cells within a defined neighborhood, for example rule 90 (discussed above).
Key value 2 (604) specifies the number of states allowed for each cell. Forexample, a binary cell has two states.
Key value 3 (606) indicates the number of cells within each neighborhood. FIG. 1 illustrates several three-cell neighborhoods.
Key value 4 (608) defines the total number of cells in the entire lattice. FIG. 3 illustrates a four cell lattice.
Key value 5 (610) defines the initial configuration of the cells. The cell state initial configuration include, for example, the values of the four cells in lattice 302 of FIG. 3 at time interval zero (t=0).
Key value 6 (612) defines the boundary configuration of cells. For many applications, a cyclic boundary configuration yields the best results.
Key value 7 (614) specifies the geometric structure of the CA lattice. For example, CA lattice 302 has cells arrayed in a line segment.
Key value 8 (616) specifies the dimensionality of the CA lattice. CA lattice 302, for example, is a one-dimensional lattice.
Key value 9 (618) specifies the type of the CA transform. Representative types of CA transforms include standard orthogonal, progressive orthogonal, non-orthogonal, and self-generating transforms. Each of these transform types is discussed in detail below.
Key value 10 (620) specifies the CA basis type, also discussed in detail below.
The selection of the key values 602-620 governs the properties of the CA transform. In most applications of the present invention, some of the key values 602-620 will be fixed (e.g., key values 3, 4, and 7) for certain classes of information processing problems. One of ordinary skill in the art will be able to vary the key values to achieve optimum performance fora particular information processing application within an application class.
Using the present invention to transform an input data sequence using a CA transform produces an encoded data sequence of CA transform coefficients. The techniques available for generating these transform coefficients are divided into two domains: orthogonal and nonorthogonal.
An orthogonal transform can be characterized by the way the coefficients are generated. A progressive orthogonal approach or the standard orthogonal method may be used. The progressive approach begins with computing the first coefficient using the entire input function. The errorintroduced by using this single coefficient to reconstruct the original function is then determined. Subsequently, the second coefficient is determined using the residual error as an input function. A new error is obtained when the two coefficients are used to reconstruct the original function. Next, the third coefficient is calculated using the new residualerror. The process is continued until the residual error is zero for all the data points. If the transformation is truly of the orthogonal kind, there will be the same number of transform coefficients as there are data points by the time the residual error is equal to zero.
In the standard orthogonal method, the entire input function is used in determining all of the transform coefficients. The transformation error iszero if none of the coefficients is quantized, that is, none have been approximated, and every coefficient is used in the reconstruction of the input data. Orthogonal transformation permits the determination of transform coefficients without the need for elaborate and complex matrix inversion procedures.
Nonorthogonal transforms include the self-generating CA transform. The inherent similarity that exists in different parts of a given data sequence, self-similarity, can be exploited in a compact encoding of the data by using CA S-bases (discussed below). In certain instances it is possible, starting from an arbitrary or random function, to achieve an accurate reconstruction of the encoded data, via an iterative transformation called self-generation.
Self-generation may not be guaranteed regardless of the magnitude of the error allowed in the self-similar transformation of the data. The present invention embodies two types of self-generation: (1) strong self-generation and (2) weak self-generation. Strong self-generation is characterised by the ability to recover encoded data using a CA transform by application of an S-basis starting from an initial arbitrary sequence. Self-generation is weak when the recovery of the encoded data can only be achieved from a specified initial data set.
In CA transforms, the chief attraction of weak self-generation is the ease with which convergence during decoding can be guaranteed by the CA selection process in the encoding phase of the data processing. For applications requiring weak self-generation, only CA gateway values which ensure convergence to the given data, starting from a specific initial setare used. The initial set may be formed by simply assigning the same constant value for all data points.
A CA basis is characterized by one (or a combination) of the following features:
1. The method used in calculating the bases from the evolving CA lattice.
2. The orthogonality or non-orthognality of the basis.
3. The window size of the bases. Windows define regions in the basis where the values are non-zero. If the window size exceeds the number of cells inthe lattice then the basis is non-windowed.
4. The method used in calculating the transform coefficients ck.
Several basis classes may be used with the CA transform of the present invention. The first class of bases is referred to as the β-class. Elements in this class are comprised of the integers -1,1 for non-windowedand -1,0,1 for windowed.
Next is the ρ-bases whose elements are generated from the CA cell density of the evolving CA space. The CA cell density is the number of cells attaining a specified state or the number of times a given state hasbeen attained by a specified cell. Therefore, ρ-bases always have integer values and are suitable for encryption and lossless data encoding.
A third class of bases, μ-bases, are generated from the CA cell density of the evolving CA space for multiple cells divided by a number corresponding to at least a subset of the total number of cells. The μ-bases have floating point elements.
S-bases, a fourth class, can be windowed or non-windowed. In a windowed S-basis a subset of the basis elements is set equal to zero. The transformcoefficients consist of scaling parameters that connect segments of data with other segments of the same data.
FIG. 7 is a flow diagram of the steps for computing an S-basis CA transformusing the present invention. First, a set of CA key values are randomly selected (step 640). The input data is divided into segments (642). In general, the segments may overlap. The overlapping of segments will yield a greater fidelity in encoding at the expense of an increased number of parameters and increased encoding time. The next step is to calculate a set of weights such that using these weights, the value of a given reconstructed data point is a weighted sum of the entire data sequence (step 644). Starting with an initial data value, CA transform the data using an S-basis and the weights computed at step 646. Next, compare the reconstructed data sequence is compared with the original data sequence (step 648). The reason for reconstructing the data during the encoding process is to ensure the repeated application of the S-basis CA transform will actually converge to the original data. If the reconstruction error (the difference between the data sequence being encoded and the reconstructed data sequence that resulted from transformation) using the selected key is acceptable (step 650), then the computed weights comprise the S-basis; otherwise return to step 644 and calculate a new set of reconstruction weights. Repeat steps 646-650 until a gateway key producinga suitable reconstruction error has been found.
Consider the data string, F, shown in the upper portion of the FIG. 8. Thisdata string is subdivided, for example, into 4 equal segments labelled f1, f2, f3, f4. In the figure, the data segment f4, is multiplied by a scaling parameter λ14 that definesa mapping from segment f4 to segment f1, and the result is used as the transform coefficients for the segment f1. The scaling parameter is calculated by minimizing the error involved in the S-basis CAtransform using, for example, a least square error technique. The functionsused to link every data point on the segment f1 with each point of thescaled data segment λ14 ƒ4 are the S-bases. Similarly, the segment f3 is generated from the scaled version of data in segment 2 (i.e., λ32 f2). Once this association has been made, between different segments of the partitioned data, only the scaling parameters, and the keys used in generating the S-bases, need be stored or transmitted. The original data can be reproduced, with some error (whose magnitude depends on the degree of self-similarity and self-generation) by repeated application of the S-bases transformation to the various parts of the data.
There is an infinite number of ways by which the basis Aik can be expressed as a function of the CA cell states a≡ait, (i,t=0,1,2,•••N-1). Examples of these are enumerated below for a dual-state CA. One of ordinary skill in the art will recognizethat there are many more types of bases than the examples provided below.
In several of the example basis types, there are variable parameters in some of the formulas for these bases. In such cases, there are multiple sub-bases, each with unique characteristics and capable of being used solely (or in groups) as transform bases. FIG. 9 illustrates examples of all 7 basis types given the CA state, aik.
A type 1 basis falls under the β class of CA bases. The CA state at cell i, at time k, is represented by aik. The value of the CA basis element Aik is 1 if the CA state of cell aik is 1 (on), otherwise the corresponding CA basis element is -1, as explained in equation 4 where aik is the state of the CA cell i at time t=k.
Aik =2aik -1 (4)
A type 2 basis is an example of a ρ class of CA bases. The correspondence between the value of a basis element and a cell state follows Table 1 below. For example, following equation 5 when cell aik is 1 and cell aki is 1, the basis element Aik is 1.
Aik =(2aik -1)(2aki -1) (5)
TABLE 1______________________________________CA basis element value for type 2 bases.CA state of CA state of Value of Basis Elementaik aki Aik______________________________________1 1 10 0 11 0 -10 1 -1______________________________________
A type 3 basis is an example of a ∞ class of CA bases. In a type 3 basis the value of the basis element Aik corresponds to the average number of cells that have a value of 1 in a specified range of cells and may be represented by equation 6.
Aik =μik μki (6) ##EQU2##
1≦nw ≦N-2.
This equation implies that there are (N-2) different ways of generating type 3 bases.
A type 4 basis are examples of the ρ class of CA bases. A type 4 basis element Aik is computed using equation 7 from the density a CA cell i, at time k, multiplied by the density of a CA cell k at time i.
Aik =ρik ρki (7)
ρik =2aik -1+ρik -1
ρi0 =2aik -1
A type 5 basis element, like a type 4 basis, is the product of two cell densities; however, in a type 5 basis each cell density is modulated priorto multiplication. Modulation, in this sense, means periodically resetting the cell density value to zero once a threshold has been exceeded. Equation 8 explains the computation of type 5 basis elements:
Aik =ρik ρki (8)
ρik =2aik -1+ρik -1 mod Lw
ρi0 =2aik -1 mod Lw
in which Lw >=2 is an integer.
There are as many ways of generating a type 5 basis as are the selection ofLw.
A type 6 basis is another example of the p class of CA bases. In a type 6 basis the value of the basis element corresponds to the product of the average CA cell densities, as explained in equation 9.
Aik =μik μki (9)
μik =μik-1 +aik /σk
μi0=a ik /σk
A type 7 basis is generated by windowing the result obtained in computing abasis element value using any of the foregoing six basis types. Thus, a type 7 basis may be a member of either the β, μ, or ρ class ofCA bases. Setting basis element values to zero outside of a compact region of support is the windowing operation used to produce a type 7 basis. Thisis explained further below in equation 10:
Aik =δu A*uk (10) ##EQU3##
where A* is the basis obtained using the non-windowed types such as type 3 explained above. Type 7 bases are orthogonal for a large class of CA rulesand initial/boundary configurations. Those skilled in art will recognize that there are many other types of bases including, for example, two-dimensional or multi-dimensional bases.
For certain kinds of data archival or data transmission purposes, the encoding error must be zero. One example is data encryption applications. CA transform bases which are capable of lossless encoding include both windowed and non-windowed β- and ρ-types. The transform coefficients have to be non-quantized integers, otherwise errors due to floating-point calculations may result during the decoding phase. In encryption applications, the focus is on data security. If a message is encoded using the present invention, a code breaker must contend with searching through different key values such as rules, initial configurations, boundary configurations, window sizes, and types of CA bases. The odds against code breakage increase tremendously as the number of states, cellular space, neighborhood, and dimensionality increase.
An implementation of the present invention for CA transform based data encryption is illustrated in FIG. 10. Unencrypted data 802 shown in integer format 804 is fed into CAT encoder 806. A CA transform key 808 (including key value) is selected to generate encrypted data 810 shown in integer form 812. key values of key 808 used by the CAT encoder 806 to generate encrypted data 810 are provided in Table 2.
TABLE 2______________________________________Key values used for CAT data encryption shown in FIG. 10.______________________________________Key Vallue Name Key ValueCA Ruld of Interaction 186Number of States Per Cell 2Number of Cells Per 3NeighborhoodNumber of Cells Per Lattice 8Initiall Configuration 11101010Bounda y Configuration CyclicCellular Space Structure Line SegmbntDimensi nonality of CA Space 1DType of CA Transform Progressive OrthogonalType of CA Basis Type 7 (Type 3, with a window size and averaging length of 8 cells)______________________________________
The integer representation of the encrypted data 812 illustrates that without knowledge of the key values and CAT process used to encrypt the data, the relationship between the unencrypted data 804 and the encrypted data 812 would not be apparent to an unauthorized recipient.
To decrypt encrypted data 812 this encrypted data is fed into CAT decoder 814. Key 816 with identical key values to key 808 must be used by CAT decoder 814 to recover the original unencrypted data 818.
The present invention thus discloses efficient means to exploit the CA transform for data encryption/decryption.
Persons of ordinary skill will recognize that modifications and variations may be made to this invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the general inventive concept. This invention in its broader aspects istherefore not limited to the specific details or representative methods shown as described.
Patent Citations
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East Greenwich Photo & StudioRead MoreSince 1976, East Greenwich Photo & Studio's Soozie Sundlun has captured photos of eminent figures such as Ray Charles, Tony Bennet, Barack Obama, and Jon Bon Jovi. In addition to snapping shots at her studio, she meets her subjects on location and applies a photojournalistic style to wedding photography. Sundlun's studio even offers video transfer services and videography.50 Cliff StreetEast Greenwich, RI US
Worcester Photo StudiosRead MoreWorcester Photo Studios unveils a picture-snapping emporium to customers and photographers alike. Inside the 10,000-square-foot facility, a dozen shooting areas surround sessions in a wide range of settings, and mammoth bay doors grant access to larger-than-life props, such as cars, boats, and scale replicas of downtown Worcester. For shutterbugs lacking their own home base, the studio offers a membership program that includes use of its spaces; in the future, the studio plans to install a classroom, salon-style stations, and a kitchen set, complete with fully functioning appliances and a fully functioning Emeril Lagasse.90 May StreetWorcester, MA US
Cooksey PhotoRead MoreThough Lauren Cooksey started out with just a Salvation Army camera in hand and three children in tow, the photographer and single mother was determined to fulfill her dream of achieving a successful career in her chosen art. Her talent and sheer willpower paid off; today, Lauren continues to snap shots under the moniker Cooksey Photo and has even enlisted one of those aforementioned toddlers, Tracy, to join her mission. With 20 years of industry experience behind them, the mother-daughter photography team captures candid images of individuals and families, crafting prints with warm, sepia tones brushed with custom color. During photo shoots, the duo uses handmade sets and props to coax out the personality of each baby, graduating high schooler, or beloved mannequin. Afterward, they select the best image to edit before dressing it up with daubs of digital color. Finished prints from a family session spruce up a lonely end table, or a print from a pet photo shoot can enliven a mantel in a doghouse. The new in-home studio, which opened in June 2011 is also child-friendly.25 Elm Hill Rd.Vernon, CT US
Charleen's Portrait StudioRead MoreThe moment you walk in the door you know you have made the right choice. Charleen's Portrait Studio prides themselves on making you feel right at home and will work with you to create a beautiful portrait for you during your special occasion or milestone. Come in relax and let us help you creative a one of kind portrait.179 Hartford PikeDayville, CT US
Simply K StudiosRead MoreKelly and Kathy's friendship first began in high school, staying strong throughout their college years in Virginia and an eventual move back to Connecticut. Kelly's passion for photography led her to establish her own studio, and Kathy's business and education degrees directed her to teaching—though she never gave up on her childhood dream of becoming an artist. With Simply K Studios, the duo finally combined their respective experiences and industry savvy into a lifestyle photography venture, documenting weddings, senior portraits, infants, and families. The shutterbug pair tries to capture each client's one-of-a-kind character during sessions, which typically travel to a nearby location or homecoming game reenactment of personal significance. Their prints, digital slideshows, and packages make for prime scrapbooking fodder as they transfer memories to tangible forms.137 Main StWethersfield, CT US
Portrait SimpleRead MoreDuring shoots at Portrait Simple?a studio specialized in child, infant, maternity, and family portraits?skilled photographers snap an unlimited number of poses in front of a choice of backgrounds and provide the convenience of instant printing. Sessions can take any size group, accommodating families and close-knit juries. Models don simple duds without heavy patterns or logos and can tote props such as sports equipment or special blankies. After striking jubilant, winsome, or wrathful poses, guests sit down with the photographer to select images to turn into prints.1500 New Britain AveWest Hartford, CT US


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Government influence tops managers' worry list
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Fund managers' top worry for 2014 is the extent to which government action is still driving investment markets, according to a survey from consultancy Towers Watson.
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Levi is in need of a massage for his ailing back, but hopes it's covered by his insurance. He heads over to his neighbourhood massage parlour and ends up with an attractive masseuse, which is always a bonus. She relieves his aches and pains and both call it a day... or do they?


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The only thing Mississippi native J. Fred Knobloch has ever worked in is music, he says. It's a good thing he's really good at it.
World-renowned classical guitarist Rodrigo Rodriguez will be in concert at 7 p.m. Saturday, July 13, at Flat Creek Baptist Church in Gainesville.
Nationally acclaimed arborist, champion tree hunter and hemlock hero Will Blozan will be the keynote speaker at Save Georgia's Hemlocks' annual meeting and members picnic Sunday, July 14, at Lake Winfield Scott.
BlueBilly Grit, the 2012 winner of Telluride Bluegrass Festival, has returned to Georgia to play packed houses and festivals throughout the South including the inaugural North Georgia Bluegrass Jam at the Habersham Mill Complex in Clarkesville.
Dingo Race Productions LLC will host two cycling events - one Flowery Branch on July 13 and one in Oakwood on July 14.
Tracey Wimpy pulled a handful of her freshly picked green beans from her basket and weighed them out for a customer Saturday morning at the Dahlonega Farmers Market.
From monoplanes to biplanes and helicopters to jets, the 45th annual Cracker Fly-In on Saturday would have had something for aircraft enthusiasts, collectors and restorers, young and old - if the weather had permitted.
"Headwaters: Didja Hear?" a community play by and about the people from Northeast Georgia, is entering its seventh and final year in the Sautee Nacoochee Center's historic gymnasium.
As Northeast Georgia's active senior population grows, a local restaurant has agreed to provide a venue for the 50-plus age bracket to meet, mingle, dine and dance to a DJ or band.
Bluegrass music and classic rock tunes will reverberate from inside The Crimson Moon Cafe in Dahlonega this weekend.
Perpetual e-Motion, a Maine-based duo playing a cross of traditional, jazz and world music, will be in concert from 6-8 p.m. Sunday, July 7, at Inman Perk Coffee on the downtown Gainesville square.
A special raffle on Friday, July 5, during the Music Pickin' on the Porch at InsideOut Sautee will benefit the Charles Smithgall Humane Society and Animal Shelter.
A God and Country Rally will be at 11 a.m. Sunday, July 7, at Flat Creek Baptist Church, 5504 Flat Creek Road, in Gainesville.
Independence Day has arrived and several places will explode with excitement this weekend as fireworks light up the skies of Northeast Georgia. If you are looking to celebrate with firepower, check out the following locales and head out for some fun.
A Suches tradition will continue Thursday, July 4, unless rain causes the event to be rescheduled for the weekend, according to its website.
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An array of aircraft from small Cessnas to biplanes as well as a Lockheed Electra A-12, made famous in films about Amelia Earhart, will touch down for the annual Cracker Fly-In next weekend in Gainesville.
For the past two summers, Chicopee Woods Elementary School fourth-grade teacher Amy Berra has participated in the Pam Ware summer community theater program. And for those who watch her and her fellow thespians, she has this advice.
For one night only, The Temptations will step into the Atlanta Botanical Garden, A Smithgall Woodland Legacy in Gainesville and sing their Motown classics.
Hearing the acoustic sounds of a six-string instrument will filter through the air at InsideOut Sautee during its First Friday Music Pickin' this weekend.
Michael Ash has always had a love for art.
As crafting a piece of pottery requires a steady, skillful hand, designing the surface of such artwork requires similar handiwork.
As the surrounding woods call to outdoorsmen and women, area nature guides will answer with monthly Smithgall Second Saturday Hike.
For more than 50 years, members of the American Legion Paul E. Bolding Post 7 have been providing Hall County with a Fourth of July celebration to honor those who have served in U.S. military.
A rite of passage for children is attending summer camp, but not all kids get to experience it. Challenged Child & Friends wants to change that.
Grab a lawn chair and blankets or reserve a table to hear the patriotic sounds stream from the instruments of the Northwinds Symphonic Band next week.
The jungle will be jumping as Bagheera the Panther and Baloo the Bear try to convince the human boy Mowgli to join the human civilization in the Disney version of "The Jungle Book."
A full-length, modern-day drama of tragedy and hope will take centerstage as the LiveYes Productions presents "The Two to Blame."
Art enthusiasts willing to travel to see a new piece of work may trek across Cumming to experience art in a new way.
This summer the Mason-Scharfenstein Museum of Art at Piedmont College will showcase the work of the late Lenn Redman of Chicago, a prolific caricaturist and animator who was also a poet, author, teacher, and civil rights activist.
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Spirit of Tasmania operates sailings across Bass Strait between Melbourne, Victoria and Devonport, Tasmania.
The twin ships depart from both ports at 1930, arriving at 0600 the following morning. During periods of high demand, Spirit of Tasmania also operates day sailings, departing from each port at 0900 and arriving the same day at 1800.
Vehicles, including those with trailers and caravans, are accommodated. Passengers can load their cars full of luggage and holiday gear, kennels can be booked for pets, and cyclists can bring their bikes.
There are a variety of accommodation options available including Deluxe Cabins, Twin/Four Berth Cabins, and Ocean Recliners. All cabins come equipped with a private ensuite, air conditioning/heating, bedding, towels, soap, and a 220-volt socket.
Dining and entertainment options include The Leatherwood Restaurant showcasing Tasmania's finest produce, The Captain's Table, Lavender Cafe, The Spirit Bar, games arcade, kids' playroom and cinema showing the latest movies.Visit Website


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About This Listing
Modern and well-furnished room in a beautiful and cozy apartment inhabited by a young couple. The house is in a green area near the historic center of the city. It is equipped with many comforts: Wi-Fi, satellite TV and kitchen facilities.
Space where guests can cook their own meals
Towels, bed sheets, soap, and toilet paper
Space where guests can cook their own meals
Towels, bed sheets, soap, and toilet paper
Central heating or a heater in the listing
In the building, free or for a fee
In the building, free or for a fee
Continuous access in the listing
Breakfast is provided.
The listing can accommodate a gathering of 25 or more attendees
Easy access to the building and listing for guests in wheelchairs
Private or Shared
Free, in the building or nearby
Posted emergency information and resources
The Space
Double room in newly renovated apartment near the historic center of the city consists of a beautiful kitchen with all mod cons, living area with satellite TV and internet access. Bathroom with bathtub and washing machine.
Cosy house, inhabited by a young couple. We provide towels if necessary. The price of the room includes a hearty breakfast.
The apartment is located in a small building surrounded by greenery near a city park. On foot you can reach the Arena Santa Giuliana where plays most of the concerts of Umbria Jazz. In the area there are restaurants, bars, tobacconists, pizzerias, and supermarkets and communal swimming pool. The neighborhood is quiet and well connected with the railway station and the city center.
Easy-stay parking free. There is the possibility to keep the bikes.
Guest Access
Guests have use of the kitchen including washing machine. They can also use the living room including satellite television. The apartment also has free wifi.
Interaction with Guests
During the stay I and Amedeo we are available both for information about the city and to help the guests to satisfy the demands. We live in this apartment and our aim is to give guests an enjoyable and familiar experience.
The Neighborhood
I love my neighborhood because there are many green areas, although it's in the city. It's quiet and well served. There are bars, restaurants and supermarket.
I live in an area built in the '50s where they live families and college students.
Getting Around
To get to the old town there are buses every 10 minutes and takes about 7 minutes to reach Piazza Italia. Another possibility are the sliding scale, an example of alternative mobility, reached on foot in 10 minutes.
It's easy to find free parking under the house.
The connection from the airport to the city is made with the ACAP shuttles. The bus stop at the airport is located opposite the main entrance of the terminal. The cost of the return ticket is 14 €, 8 € one way.
For those arriving by train I advice buses G and A, which can be taken to the station square, and in a few minutes stops near the house.
Other Things to Note
In the house there is a gentle and affectionate cat. Obviously, it is subjected to veterinary checks periodically.
My guests should feel at home.
Smoking is permitted, but not in the bedroom.
No pets are allowed
From Jul 14 - 16, 2015 the minimum stay is 1 night.
40 Reviews
Laura and Amedeo were absolutely wonderful hosts and a lovely couple. Knowledgable about their town and its events, and very eager to suggest fun things for us to see/do. Easy to find parking near the flat, very comfortable room and a delightful home-made breakfast. Close to the stop for the 10 minute bus to the centre, and 2 minutes from a supermarket. Overall a great stay, and if we return to Perugia, Lauras is where we will stay!
We did have a very good stay at Laura in Perugia and the neighborhood was nice and clean. The contact before and during our stay between us and Laura was very good. We experienced a warm reception. The room was nice, clean and very nice decorated and also information about Perugia was available. The included breakfasts was very well prepared. One point of attention! We did miss a picture of an Amsterdam building at the wall banners in the room
Alloggiare presso la casa di Laura è stata davvero la scelta azzeccata per questo weekend fuori porta! La casa e la stanza sono molte pulite e curate; la colazione al mattino tradizionale, semplice e buona composta da yogurt, té, succo di frutta, marmellata, fette biscottate e una dolce focaccia (nella giornata di domenica Laura ha cucinato una deliziosa torta al cioccolato e marmellata!). La posizione è ottima poiché in 15 minuti a piedi si raggiunge il centro storico della città (dopo un primo km di strada in salita, sono presenti le scale mobili) ed inoltre, è possibile parcheggiare gratuitamente l'auto sotto casa. Laura e il suo ragazzo sono una coppia molto tranquilla, disponibile a dare consigli e per nulla invadente. In sintesi, consiglio vivamente di alloggiare presso la loro abitazione!
Laura e Amedeo sono stati molto ospitali, la stanza è carina e pulita.
Grazie di tutto,
Siamo stati ospitati un fine settimana in questo carinissimo appartamento, vicino al centro storico di Perugia, da (website hidden) e il mio ragazzo ci siamo trovati benissimo: la camera è spaziosa e molto luminosa e gli altri ambienti, soprattutto la cucina, ben organizzati. La casa è accogliente e Laura e il suo compagno molto disponibili a dare informazioni sia su luoghi da visitare che per i trasporti. Colazione buonissima, con dolci fatti in casa preparati la sera prima o la mattina stessa. Insomma ci siamo trovati benissimo, e lo consiglio a tutti quelli che vogliono visitare Perugia e dintorni e che vogliono sentirsi a casa.
P.s. Sergey, il gatto, è tenerissimo e coccolone.
L'accoglienza è stata bella, propretari gentilissimi e disponibili. Il posto vicinissimo al centro, raggiungibile o a piedi o con massimo due fermate di autobus. La stanza è accogliente e pulita, insomma, tutto apposto. La mattina ampia e buona (website hidden) siamo trovati molto bene e di sicuro, semmai dovessimo tornare a Perugia, sceglieremo sicuramente questa stanza
We had a wonderful stay with Laura! The room was very clean and comfortable and cute! You share the bathroom, but it was spotlessly clean and free of clutter. No problem at all!
Laura and her boyfriend were very nice too. We cooked dinner in their fully equipped kitchen and used their nice wine glasses!
The whole apartment is very comfortable.
About the Host, Laura
Hi I'm Laura,
I work on projects for local development and environmental sustainability. I love traveling and know new cultures, prefer to plan together with my partner every aspect of the trip.
Todis S.r.l.Todis is a supermarket at cheap pricesVia della Pallotta Perugia Umbria 06126
Emi supermercato Via Palermo, 1Emi is a well-stocked supermarket.Via Palermo Perugia Umbria 06126
Gatto NeroGood food at reasonable prices. You can find pizza and daily specials. there is the possibility of take-away food.Via della Pallotta Perugia PG 06126
Conad Via della Pallotta, 35Conad is is a small supermarket with a nice delicatessen counter.Via della Pallotta Perugia Umbria 06126
Tabaccheria Aprile PaoloThis shop not only sells cigarettes, but has recently also opened the bar.Via della Pallotta Perugia Umbria 06126
Farmacia Pallante AnnaPharmacyVia dei Filosofi Perugia Umbria 06121
Il CircolettoThe specialty of Circoletto restaurants is pizza. They also make traditional Italian dishes. In summer its nice to eat in their outdoor seating.Via Leonardo Da Vinci Perugia PG 06100
Accipizza Di De Dio NicodemoThis pizzeria makes home delivery service. Open for lunch from Monday to Friday from 11.30 to 14.30 every day and in the evening from 17.30 to 22.30.Via dei Filosofi Perugia Umbria 06126
Gimo spuntino peruginoIts a small place where you can choose from a wide range of sandwichesVia dei Filosofi Perugia Umbria 06121
Orto BotanicoIn the faculty of agriculture you can visit the medieval garden. It is a lovely place especially in spring.Via San Costanzo Perugia Umbria 06126
Giardini del FrontoneIts a public park, in the summer time there is a open air cinema.Viale Roma Perugia Umbria
Piscina Universitaria - Accademia Del NuotoItis a sports center with swimming pool open from morning until evening during the summer timeVia della Pallotta
San PietroSan Pietro is a church of the Gothic period.Via Borgo XX Giugno Perugia
Ristorante Culturale l'officinaCreative dishes attentive to local tradition. It has an excellent selection of wines.Borgo XX Giugno Perugia Umbria
Via Cesare Beccaria, 11Shop which sells local and organic productsVia Cesare Beccaria Perugia Umbria 06121
Arena Santa GiulianaDuring Umbria Jazz inside Arena Santa Giuliana there is the festivals main stage.Via Baldassarre Orsini Perugia Umbria 06121
Gelateria Gambrinus / Ice - Cream di Carloni Matteo & C. sasdelicious Italian gelatoVia Luigi Bonazzi Perugia Umbria 06121
Pasticceria SandriHistoric cafè of Perugia. High quality confectionery. There is the possibility of doing a brunch at a cost of 10 Euros.Corso Vannucci Perugia Umbria 06123
Antica Salumeria Granieri AmatoTipical Italian street food with panino con porchetta (pork sandwich)Piazza Giacomo Matteotti Perugia Umbria
Civico 25Great food based on the seasonality of products, young and friendly staffVia Viola Perugia PG 06122
Osteria a PrioriUmbrian cuisine with local products. The restaurant also offers the opportunity to purchase wine, oil and other delicacies.Via dei Priori Perugia Umbria 06123
La Bottega di PerugiaIt s a small place, with the best street food! Many sandwiches with salami and cheese!Piazza Francesco Morlacchi Perugia PG 06123
Non C'era in centroThe fried mixed vegetables are excellent. In the menu there are burgers, pasta dishes and torta al testo (typical Umbrian sandwich)Via Bartolo Perugia PG 06122
Cioccolato Augusta Perusia SasItis the best artisan chocolate shop in the cityVia Pinturicchio Perugia Umbria


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I'm trying to create a report in Access 2003 that lists all children for each individual in a single concatenated string. Allen Browne's ConcatRelated() looked promising.
So I copied the code into a module, compiled it from the debug menu (nothing happened) and made a query:
SELECT Moms.MomID, Moms.MomLast, ConcatRelated("KidFirst","Kids","MomID =" & Kids.MomID)
FROM Kids INNER JOIN Moms ON Kids.MomID = Moms.MomID;
And I get an error that says "Undefined function 'Concatrelated' in expression.
What has gone wrong? The only place I deviated from the directions was to type "ConcatRelated" in the module name.


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Heart-Shaped Pendant with Customized Hebrew Name in Sterling Silver
This 925 sterling silver pendant features the Hebrew name 'Avital' in the center of heart outlined shape. The name appears in a modern cursive font and can be customized to feature any Hebrew name. Read more
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Product Description
This pendant is made of 925 sterling silver and the Hebrew lettered name 'Avital' is featured at the center of a heart outline shape. A twisted rope chain is connected to the pendant with a teardrop-shaped loop. This elegant number can be customized to feature any Hebrew name. The design of the final product is dependent upon the name engraved, so the design may differ slightly from the above image.This modern and charming item can make a very personal birthday or wedding anniversary gift.
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Carhartt Sandstone Carpenter Pants - Carhartt Brown WB136 has a blanket lining in body, quilted-nylon lining in sleeves, corduroy-trimmed collar with under-collar snaps for optional hood and left-chest pocket with zipper closure. Carhartt Sandstone Carpenter Pants - Carhartt Brown features inside pocket, two lower-front pockets, snap-adjustable cuffs and waist, pleated bi-swing back enhances movement, triple-stitched main seams, back length: large regular: 26 inches. This Womens Carhartt WB136 contains 12-ounce, firm-hand, 100% ring-spun cotton duck
- 12-Ounce 100% cotton sandstone duck
- High rise sits at the waist
- Full through hip and thigh
- Triple-Stitched mains seams
- Side utility bands, ruler pocket and double utility pocket
- Straight leg openings
- Carhartt label sewn on right back pocket
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text:
With summer officially underway, here are five Ravens who will feel the heat when training camp begins in July.
Joe Flacco, QB – He's directing a new offense and is coming off a disappointing season in which he threw 22 interceptions. Outwardly, nothing seems to faze Flacco. But there's no doubt the microscope will be on him in 2014. He needs to set the tone with a strong camp.
Gary Kubiak, offensive coordinator – With an impressive track record as an offensive coordinator, the early feedback on Kubiak's offensive system has been nothing but positive. But if the offense sputters, even during preseason, guess who will get much of the blame? With Kubiak's job, that comes with the territory.
Haloti Ngata, DT – He wants to finish his career with the Ravens, but they could save $8.5 million on the salary cap by cutting him next offseason. If Ngata wants a new cap-friendly deal like Terrell Suggs got, Ngata needs a healthy and productive 2014.
Bernard Pierce, RB – Coming off shoulder surgery, and with Ray Rice likely facing an early-season suspension, Pierce will be expected to step up in September, when the Ravens face the Bengals, Steelers, and Brown in their first three games.
Ray Rice, RB - The reasons he's facing heat are obvious. Rice is lighter and seems focused. But will Rice look quicker and elusive with the pads on during preseason? And will time away from the team during his anticipated suspension set Rice back?
RELATED: [Harbaugh thinks hearing "8-8" will motivate Ravens]


text:
Yesterday, blogger Pundit Pete made his way into the the daily White House press briefing to ask Press Secretary Jay Carney about the broken promises of Obamacare and reminded him that the law has never been a popular one. Pete's wife, who he calls Citizen Caryn, lost her previously held health insurance as a result of Obamacare and now their family is paying $3600 more for a new plan.
In order to avoid the security risks associated with the Obamacare exchanges, and find a plan in which she could still keep he doctor of many years, she now pays about double her previous premium.
Naturally, Carney stuck to his script by repeating talking points about "millions" of new people being covered as a result of Obamacare.
PETE: Why won't he listen to the American people?
MR. CARNEY: You obviously haven't seen the data because the majority of Americans do not in any poll want it repealed. The majority supports fixing it and improving it, not repealing it. I would ask you to check your data.
Secondly, the President made that pitch. Republicans in Congress fought it tooth and nail. It went to the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court upheld it. It was the principal argument in a presidential election. The President won reelection.
And again, Republicans are free to make the repeal argument. My point was simply that when you go to individuals and you ask them, do you want quality, affordable health insurance, or do you want the insurance company to tell you that you're not going to get coverage for that condition you have because the fine print says you can't. In fact, your sister, we're going to charge her double even though you have identical medical histories because she's a woman --
PETE: Well, my wife is getting charged double now because she lost her insurance.
MR. CARNEY: Well, again, I don't know the circumstances with your wife. And what I can tell you is that the Affordable Care Act provides quality, affordable health insurance to millions of people. They are -- million are --
PETE: But that's not true. More people have lost their insurance because of the act right now than have been -- didn't have insurance and have signed up. That is a fact.
MR. CARNEY: Okay, well, you're entitled to your facts, sir.
The video embed autoplays, so I won't embed it in this post but you can watch the exchange here.
|Katie Pavlich is the Editor at Townhall.com. Follow her on Twitter @katiepavlich. She is a New York Times Best Selling author. Her new book Assault and Flattery: The Truth About the Left and Their War on Women, will be published on July 8, 2014.
"Mamas, don't let your babies grow up to be brainwashed government dependents. Buy this book!" says Michelle Malkin.
"This is a thorough and gutsy book that should help set history straight." - Mark Levin
Buy Katie's book today and help us keep the pressure on the Left.
Author Photo credit: Jensen Sutta Photography


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Lira steady, forint falls after diverging rate moves
LONDON, July 23 (Reuters) – The lira steadied below
one-month highs on Tuesday after a relatively modest interest
rate hike by Turkey's central bank, while the Hungarian forint
hit four-week lows after a rate cut and the promise of more to
Turkey's central bank has been acting in recent weeks to
shore up the currency, whch has fallen on global fears about the
withdrawal of U.S. stimulus and by domestic political tensions.
The world of sovereign bond guarantees
Just as Hungary is worrying foreign investors with a plan to help households laden with foreign currency mortgages – likely to prove expensive for its banks – its trade bank has come up with an interesting structure for a planned bond.
State-owned Eximbank has been holding a roadshow this week for a two-part bond, with one part of the bond guaranteed by the World Bank's risk insurance arm, Miga.
Turkey, Ukraine firms among emerging debt flashpoints
LONDON, July 19 (Reuters) – Bonds of Turkish banks,
Ukrainian state firms and central European miners were among the
worst performers in a recent sell-off in emerging debt and
investors are on alert for further price falls or even defaults.
The emerging corporate debt market has boomed in recent
years, with the volume of outstanding debt passing $1 trillion
last year and record issuance seen in the first half of 2013.
Without Turkish rate rise, foreign investors may cut losses and run
LONDON, July 11 (Reuters) – Foreign investors sitting on
losses of 5-15 percent in Turkey are likely to cut and run
without a swift and substantial interest rate rise to stabilise
the plunging lira.
Foreign fund managers have yanked around $3 billion from
Turkish stocks and bonds since the last week of May, central
bank data shows, reversing only a tiny part of the investment
inflows the country has received in recent years.
Greek stock switch to emerging market status may have silver lining
LONDON, July 10 (Reuters) – Twice-bailed-out Greece may not
relish its impending switch to the world of emerging markets,
but the move should bring with it new risk-seeking investors.
Index compiler MSCI said last month it would downgrade
Greece to emerging market status from November, citing weak
market access and the small number of Greek stocks that met the
criteria for inclusion as a developed market.
Politics: the unquantifiable risk that is rising in emerging markets
Political risks appear to be rising in emerging markets, but how do you measure them?
Protests in Egypt – leading to the ousting of a second president in as many years- Turkey and Brazil have caught investors on the hop this year, causing the kind of market volatility that emerging market bulls had been saying were a thing of the past.
Emerging market borrowers left stranded as yield tide turns
LONDON, July 2 (Reuters) – Developing countries that did not
take advantage of historically low yields by selling
international bonds in the first half of 2013 are finding
themselves left high and dry as borrowing costs rise.
Emerging market borrowers sold more than $200 billion of
bonds between January and July, a record-breaking streak that
culminated in April with the startling sight of Rwanda issuing a
10-year dollar bond at a yield of less than 7 percent.
In turbulent times, frontier stocks hold on to long-haul investors
LONDON (Reuters) – Hard to enter and hard to leave, frontier stock markets from Bulgaria to Pakistan have attracted investors who are in for the long haul, keeping them clear of the worst of the markets storm.
While these less-developed emerging markets suffer from a lack of liquidity, with buyers and sellers struggling to match up at times, that can be a bonus when nervous investors are dashing for the exits elsewhere.
Bangladesh to delay debut intl bond till after election-c.bank
LONDON, June 21 (Reuters) – Bangladesh will delay launching
a debut international dollar bond until after the country's
upcoming elections, its central bank governor said on Friday.
The south Asian country is one of many frontier economies
which have issued or planned international debt in the past
couple of years, to capitalise on investors' search for
higher-yielding assets.
Shares and bonds rocked by U.S. Fed comments
LONDON, June 20 (Reuters) – Stocks and bond prices plunged
and debt insurance costs soared in a general flight from
emerging markets on Thursday, after the U.S. Federal Reserve
laid out a timetable for turning off the taps on its $85
billion-a-month bond-buying programme.
The MSCI emerging stock index was down by over 3.3
percent, hitting its lowest level since July 2012 and heading
for its biggest one-day fall since Oct 2011, with weekly losses
of more than 6 percent, as U.S. 10-year Treasury yields
surged to 15-month highs.


text:
Hi, well my new case came in today and the short version is: I carefully placed all the components, power supply, mobo, video card into the new case, reconnected all the cables (double-checked everything)... apparently I did mix up the power and reset button cables, but the only thing I see wrong with that is the reset button turns the computer on and the power button apparently has no function for now. Anyway, I tried connecting my usually DVI to monitor, no signal at all. I connected HDMI to a LCD TV, nothing, I connected one of the old little blue monitor cables to the monitor from before straight from the mobo to the monitor, no signal (the video card is out at this point).
So --> Video Card to Monitor via DVI = no signal
So --> Video Card to LCD TV via HDMI = no signal
So --> MOBO to Monitor via "little blue" VGA? cable = no signal
So --> MOBO to LCD TV via HDMI = no signal
Ideas, where might I have gone wrong somewhere?
I was very careful during the entire "transplant," but I am not beyond considering that something might have been damaged.
Any help is appreciated, thanks either way.
It is a Gateway Model SX2840, was in a small form factor case originally, moved to a regular desktop size case I had and now to this new, bigger case.
Minor details:
- my secondary HDD failed recently (It was a Seagate, which had failed before a few years back and was a brand new replacement, few more years I've had this one and it failed again.
- unrelated to failure, my cat spilt a glass of milk near the OPEN side of the case and some drips did make in there, I immediately shut it down cleaned up anything I saw, waited a few hours and turned it back on, all has been working fine for over a week. (this incident IS mostly what prompted me to get a new case with a proper side panel.
- I have never "changed" power on/off connectors before, I just carried over the old ones always, but this time, as I stated above, I did use the ones which came with this case and obviously got a few wrong though I took pictures of the original color scheme and labeling and positioning.
- not sure what other relevant info there could be --- any monitor just remains blank, no signal.
Some of this info regarding the Video Card has changed, I have been using an HD7950, but all the original gateway processor and memory and such is untouched
Windows Performance
Processor Intel® Core™ i3 CPU 530 @
Memory (RAM) 6.00 GB
Graphics AMD Radeon HD 6700 Series
Gaming graphics 3803 MB Total available graphics memory
Primary hard disk 487GB Free (918GB Total)
Windows 7 Home Premium
Model SX2840
Total amount of system memory 6.00 GB RAM
System type 64-bit operating system
Number of processor cores 2 Storage
Total size of hard disk(s) 2315 GB Disk partition (C:) 487 GB Free (918 GB Total) Disk partition (D:) 1201 GB Free (1397 GB Total)
Display adapter type AMD Radeon HD 6700 Series
Total available graphics memory 3803 MB
Dedicated graphics memory 1024 MB
Dedicated system memory 0 MB
Shared system memory 2779 MB
Display adapter driver version 8.961.0.0
Primary monitor resolution 1440x900
DirectX version DirectX 10


text:
Attendees of a meeting on the Kathryn Dam Monday at the Barnes County Highway Department considered possible future changes to the dam, said Rodger Berntson, a Barnes County representative to the board. More in Friday's issue of the Times-Record.
Valley City Fire Department Chief Gary Retterath and Ken Astrup, General Manager of Dakota Plains in Valley City, display one of the four struts recently purchased by the fire department.
A $2,000 contribution from Dakota Plains and a matching contribution from Land O Lakes assisted the VCFD with the purchase.
More in Friday's Times-Record.
A new Chinese restaurant in Valley City is a step closer to opening with the addition of a sign bearing the restaurant's name: Kirin House.
The restaurant could be open as early as next month, according to manager Allen Chen, who is currently working with contractors on finishing touches on the old Pizza Hut building on Main Street, Valley City.
Although LaMoure/Litchville-Marion 138-pound senior Damien Bentz and senior 126-pounder Wesely Wendal scored pins at Lisbon on Thursday night, Loboe wrestling came away with a 63-12 defeat.
Read this story in Friday's Times-Record.
The Hi-Liner Hall of Fame Committee seeks nominations for the induction class of 2014, the Committee announced Thursday.
Valley City State University announces the resignation of head volleyball coach Susan Kolbow, effective Jan. 29.
Milnor High School senior guard/forward Briton Bussman has chosen to continue his education and basketball career at Valley City State University, VCSU announced Thursday. Bussman helped lead Milnor, who won the 2013 Barnes County Basketball Tournament at VCSU in December and are currently 12-0 and ranked No. 1 in North Dakota Class B, to the Class B State title last season.
Valley City High School senior outside hitter Madison Taylor has committed to Lake Region State College in Devils Lake, N.D., Lake Region State announced Tuesday.


text:
Quotes & Info
|COCO > SEC Filings for COCO > Form 8-K on 5-Nov-2012
|All Recent SEC Filings
Other Events
On November 1, 2012, Corinthian Colleges, Inc. (the "Company," "Corinthian," "we," "us" or other similar terms) received a letter from the U.S. Department of Education ("ED") regarding the Company's composite score for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2011 (the "ED Letter").
As previously disclosed, in order to remain eligible to participate in the federal student financial aid programs ("Title IV Programs"), institutions must satisfy specific standards of financial responsibility. Each fiscal year, the Company submits its annual audited financial statements to ED to demonstrate compliance with the financial responsibility standards, and ED calculates a "composite score" for the Company. If an institution has a composite score of 1.5 or above, it receives unconditional approval. If the composite score is 1.0 to 1.4 (the "Zone"), an institution may continue to participate in Title IV programs for up to three years, but is subject to additional monitoring and reporting procedures. If an institution's composite score falls below the minimum threshold level of 1.0 or is in the Zone for more than three consecutive years, the institution may be subject to additional monitoring and reporting procedures, and also be required to post a letter of credit in favor of ED in order to continue to participate in the Title IV Programs.
For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2011, the Company's calculations showed that it had a composite score of 2.1, excluding a $203.6 million goodwill impairment charge it took in 2011. As previously disclosed, that calculation has been subject to interpretive uncertainty regarding the appropriate treatment of the goodwill impairment charge and certain other items. The Company communicated with ED reviewers in early 2012 who questioned (1) the appropriate treatment of the goodwill impairment charge we took in fiscal 2011, (2) whether other intangible assets on our balance sheet at June 30, 2011 should have been expensed for purposes of the composite score, and (3) whether $5 million the Company had posted as security deposits with landlords should have been characterized as intangible assets. In connection with these discussions, the Company provided ED with detailed explanations of its views regarding the appropriate treatment of these items in the calculation of the composite score.
While the Company continues to believe its calculations regarding the 2011 composite score are correct, the ED Letter from the San Francisco/Seattle Participation Division of ED has taken a contrary position with regard to the treatment of the goodwill impairment charge and the security deposits as described in items (1) and (3) above, and has calculated the Company's composite score for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2011 to be 0.9. The Company has requested, and ED officials have agreed, to meet and discuss these issues.
Relative to the fiscal 2011 composite score, the ED Letter outlines the means whereby the Company can continue to meet ED's alternative standards of financial responsibility by either (1) agreeing to become provisionally certified, accepting cash monitoring level 1 (which the Company believes would not materially negatively affect its cash flow), and posting an irrevocable letter of credit equal to 10% of the Title IV Program funds received by Corinthian during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2011 (calculated by ED to be $175.7 million), or (ii) remaining unconditionally certified and posting an irrevocable letter of credit equal to 50% of the Title IV Program funds received by Corinthian during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2011 (calculated by ED to be $878.5 million). The Company believes these amounts may have failed to account for refunds made during fiscal 2011, and therefore may overstate the Company's total Title IV revenue during the year. Either amount would be required to be posted no later than January 14, 2013, subject to possible extension. Provisional certification status would not limit the Company's access to Title IV Program funds, but would subject the Company's institutions to closer review by ED and could limit the addition of new programs and locations.
In addition, subsequent to filing its fiscal 2011 financial statements with ED, the Company completed its fiscal year ended June 30, 2012. The Company's preliminary calculations (using the same methodology as it has historically) show its composite score for the 2012 fiscal year to be 1.5. The Company communicated this calculation to ED, and requested that ED now rely on this more recent fiscal year. However, the Company has not yet filed its 2012 annual compliance audits and financial statements with ED (which are required to be filed no later than December 31, 2012), and ED will not consider the Company's 2012 financial responsibility until all such audits and financial statements are filed. The Company expects to file these financial statements with ED within several weeks. In its correspondence of November 1, ED committed to "expedite the review of [the Company's] FYE June 30, 2012 annual audit submission when it is submitted and accepted" and may "redetermine" Corinthian's financial status based upon its review of such submission.
Additionally, the Company's senior credit facility requires the Company to maintain a composite score of no less than 1.5. The Company has provided the correspondence it received from ED to the lenders in its credit facility and is in ongoing discussions with them. We continue to believe ED's determination is incorrect and are seeking reconsideration of the calculation by ED. If the Company cannot persuade ED to reconsider the position in the ED Letter, or if ED fails to re-determine the Company's financial status based on its 2012 composite score calculation, the Company would be required to post a letter of credit as described above. No assurance can be given that the Company would be able to post a letter of credit if required, and the failure to do so could cause the Company's 92,000 students to lose access to federal student financial aid. The Company's lenders could also consider the failure to maintain a composite score of no less than 1.5 to be a default under the credit agreement. Any of such occurrences could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition and results of operations.
The Company appreciates ED's commitment to conduct an expedited review of the Company's fiscal 2012 audit submission, which the Company expects to make within several weeks. If ED completes its expedited review of the Company's audit in a timely manner and determines the Company to have a composite score of 1.5 or higher, ED may reassess whether it would require the Company to post a letter of credit or be subject to other conditions. No assurances can be given that ED will agree with the Company's calculations or that the Company will not be required to post the letter of credit as described above.