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Modeling, Simulation and Control of Nonlinear Engineering Dynamical SystemsSpringer Netherlands 2008; US$ 209.00
Presentation of recent advances and perspectives in nonlinear dynamics and control from different high level departments of the world universities Suitable as supplemental reading during the courses guided by the authors of the chapters (papers) from different countries Highly innovation material oriented on theory and application of engineering... more...
Classical MechanicsSpringer 2012; US$ 169.00
Classical MechanicsSpringer 2012; US$ 169.00
Ordinary Differential Equations and Mechanical SystemsSpringer International Publishing 2014; US$ 149.00
This book applies a step-by-step treatment of the current state-of-the-art of ordinary differential equations used in modeling of engineering systems/processes and beyond. It covers systematically ordered problems, beginning with first and second order ODEs, linear and higher-order ODEs of polynomial form, theory and criteria of similarity, modeling... more...
Applied Non-Linear Dynamical SystemsSpringer International Publishing 2014; US$ 189.00
The book is a collection of contributions devoted to analytical, numerical and experimental techniques of dynamical systems, presented at the International Conference on Dynamical Systems: Theory and Applications, held in ?�d?, Poland on December 2-5, 2013. The studies give deep insight into both the theory and applications of non-linear dynamical... more...
Bifurcation And Chaos In Nonsmooth Mechanical SystemsWorld Scientific Publishing Company 2003; US$ 305.00
This book presents the theoretical frame for studying lumped nonsmooth dynamical systems: the mathematical methods are recalled, and adapted numerical methods are introduced (differential inclusions, maximal monotone operators, Filippov theory, Aizerman theory, etc. more...
Nonlinear Dynamics of a Wheeled VehicleSpringer-Verlag New York Inc 2006; US$ 269.00
Provides an overview of the theory of stability analysis and its applications. This monograph focuses on various methods for analyzing wheeled vehicle behavior. It provides both basic and advanced knowledge of the subject. It emphasizes stability analysis of wheeled vehicles and their systems. more...
Nonsmooth Dynamics of Contacting Thermoelastic BodiesSpringer 2009; US$ 169.00
Deals with the study in contact mechanics, treating the nonsmooth dynamics of contacting bodies. This book covers topics that examine non-steady dynamic phenomena which are determined by key factors that is heat conduction, thermal stresses, and the amount of wearing. It considers the importance of the inertia factor on par with thermal stresses. more...
Classical MechanicsSpringer 2012; US$ 109.00
Smooth and Nonsmooth High Dimensional Chaos and the Melnikov-Type MethodsWorld Scientific Publishing Company 2007; US$ 189.00
This book focuses on the development of Melnikov-type methods applied to high dimensional dynamical systems governed by ordinary differential equations. Although the classical Melnikov's technique has found various applications in predicting homoclinic intersections, it is devoted only to the analysis of three-dimensional systems (in the case... more...


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Votto needs a day off but with Phillips out how can you do it?
Votto needs a day off but with Phillips out how can you do it?
Votto looked so good for a while, and now he looks lost.
If only we had someone to drive in Cozart these days.
entire offense outside of Jay is struggling
Boom goes the dynamite. :d
Rounding third and heading for home...
Big home run there! 3-0 Reds! Bruuuuuuce!
and i couldnt be anymore right LOL
Now I let Arroyo finish it
A bomb to right by Bruce!!! 3-0 Reds!
I'm bringing Arroyo back now.
This is the ol Left Hander rounding third and heading for home.
Reds are eternally down in the count on each AB tonight. Can't score with Choo and Votto 0 for the world.
Never mind. Jay makes it 3-0. Awwwriiight!
"You only have to bat a thousand in two things; flying and heart transplants. Everything else you can go 4-for-5."
-Beano Cook
What's gotten into Jay Bruce vs LHP???
Rounding third and heading for home...
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Date: 1871
Description: Aftermath of Peshtigo fire on October 8, 1871. Devastated landscape with deer carcass in foreground. The Peshtigo fire razed the small town of approximatel...
Date: 1923 ca.
Description: A street gathering of people interested in using war-salvaged explosives for a land clearance program.
Description: Interior view of the Stephenson Public Library. Library furniture, bookshelves, a picture display and a door are visible. A note on the cardboard backing r...
Date: 1918 ca.
Description: Elevated view of two women working in a large vegetable garden. A long building, perhaps a barn, and a smaller building are on the left. In the background...
Date: date unknown
Description: Triptych panoramic view of Marinette lumber district, with M & M Box Company factory in the center.
Date: 1910 ca.
Description: Elevated view of a streetcar going down North Main Street. Raiche Drugstore sits on the right corner.
Photographs of Public Libraries in Wisconsin
Date: 1920 ca.
Description: A winter scene showing two men standing behind the blade, on either side of the cab, of a Caterpillar Wausau-Plow Snow V-Plow. They are removing snow from...
Date: 1895-09-05
Description: Matthew H. Stephenson, his wife Julia Hebert Stephenson, and their son William Clinton pose with produce samples from the Menomonee River Boom Company gard...
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Date: 1951-12-10
Description: Peshtigo Fire Cemetery marker, shown on the site.
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Date: 1897 ca.
Description: Group of railroad employees standing in the doorway of a store.
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For its 2014-15 Opening Night Concert, the Los Angeles Philharmonic paid loving tribute to film composer John Williams. In this DVD, awestruck fan Gustavo Dudamel leads the orchestra, joined by Itzhak Perlman and other guests, for a stirring set full of movie magic. Also on Blu-ray
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text:
A dual vibrating beam force transducer having an electrostatic drive system. The transducer comprises a body having first and second generally parallel beams, coupled together at their ends. First and second electrodes are positioned adjacent to but not in contact with the respective beams. A drive circuit causes an oscillating voltage to be applied to the electrodes. The beams are thus subjected to electrostatic forces that cause the beams to oscillate in a vibration plane containing both beams. The mechanical resonance of the beams controls the oscillation frequency, such that the frequency is a function of a force exerted along the beams. An embodiment is also described in which the drive means is coupled directly to one of the beams.
1. In a vibrating beam force transducer of the type comprising a body including first and second generally parallel beams coupled together at their ends, the improvement comprising first and second electrodes positioned adjacent to but not in contact with the first and second beams, respectively, and drive means electrically coupled to the electrodes for causing an oscillating voltage to be applied to the electrodes such that the beams are subjected to electrostatic forces that cause the beams to oscillate 180� out of phase with one another in a vibration plane containing both beams, whereby said oscillating voltage has a frequency that is a function of a force applied lengthwise along the beams.
2. The improvement of claim 1, wherein the electrodes lie in said vibration plane.
3. The improvement of claim 2, wherein each electrode is positioned on the opposite side of its associated beam from the other beam.
4. The improvement of claim 1, wherein each electrode comprises upper and lower electrode portions positioned on opposite sides of the associated beam in a direction normal to the vibration plane, the electrode portions being positioned such that the beam is not centered between the electrode portions, such that when a voltage is applied to the electrode portions, the beam is attracted towards a position centered between the electrode portions.
5. The improvement of claim 1, wherein said oscillating voltage includes a steady state component, whereby said frequency of the oscillating voltage is the same as a frequency of oscillation of the beams.
6. A vibrating beam force transducer for measuring a force exerted between the first and second structures, the transducer comprising first and second bodies, each body comprising a beam extending between first and second end sections, the bodies being positioned such that each body has one end section connected to each structure, and such that the beams are parallel and adjacent to one another but not in contact with one another, the transducer further comprising means for applying a periodic voltage to one of the bodies, to thereby produce a periodic electrostatic force between the beams to drive the beams into resonant vibration at a frequency that is a function of an axial force applied along the beams by the structures.
The present invention relates to force transducers and, in particular, to a force transducer having a pair of mechanically coupled vibrating beams.
Dual vibrating beam force transducers, similar to those described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,372,173 and 4,724,351, have found use in many devices, including accelerometers, pressure transducers and scales. The transducers generally have the form of a double-ended tuning fork, with a pair of beams extending between a pair of common mounting pads. When used in an accelerometer, for example, the acceleration is converted into a tensile or compression force along the axis of the beams, producing a change in the resonant frequency of the vibrating beams. The frequency change is used as a measure of the acceleration.
Dual vibrating beam force transducers are usually made from crystalline quartz, a feature that allows the transducer to be driven piezoelectrically. However, when the transducer is made from a nonpiezoelectric material, such as silicon, the resonator must be driven by some other means. U.K. Patent No. 2,162,314 describes a miniature double-ended tuning fork transducer that is thermally driven. However, the frequency at which such a transducer can be driven is inherently limited by the thermal time constants involved.
The present invention provides a dual vibrating beam force transducer that includes an electrostatic drive system, to thereby permit the transducer to be driven over a wide range of drive frequencies. In a preferred embodiment, the transducer comprises a body having first and second generally parallel beams, coupled together at their ends. First and second electrodes are positioned adjacent to but not in contact with the respective beams. A drive means is electrically coupled to the electrodes, and causes an oscillating voltage to be applied to the electrodes. The beams are thus subjected to electrostatic forces that cause the beams to oscillate 180� out of phase with one another, in a vibration plane containing both beams. The mechanical resonance of the beams controls the frequency of the drive circuit/electrode/beam combination, such that the vibration frequency is a function of the tension or compression force exerted along the beams. The electrodes may lie in the plane of the beams, such that when the transducer is used in a micromachined device, the beams and electrodes can be etched from a single crystalline layer. An embodiment is also described in which the drive means is coupled directly to one of the beams.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a first preferred embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 2--2 of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the use of the force transducer in a micromachined accelerometer.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a second preferred embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a third preferred embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 6--6 of FIG. 5.
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a fourth preferred embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram of a drive circuit.
A first preferred embodiment of the force transducer of the present invention is illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2. The transducer 10 comprises a body 12 having a double-ended tuning fork configuration, a pair of electrodes 14 and 16, and a drive circuit 18 electrically coupled to the electrodes and the body. Body 12 comprises generally parallel beams 20 and 22 connected at their ends to mounting pads 24 and 26 through outrigger sections 30 and 32 respectively. Body 12 may comprise either a conductive material such as a metal, or a dielectric material such as silicon.
Mounting pads 24 and 26 are connected to structures 40 and 42, respectively, such that the structures can apply a compression or tension force directed along the lengthwise axes of beams 20 and 22. Drive circuit 18, described in greater detail below, causes an oscillating voltage to be applied to electrodes 14 and 16. When the electrodes have a voltage applied to them, they cause movement of charge (in the case of a conductive body 12) or the polarization of charge (in the case of a dielectric body 12) within beams 20 and 22, resulting in an attractive force between electrode 14 and beam 20, and an attractive force between electrode 16 and beam 22. These attractive forces are created regardless of whether the electrodes are charged positively or negatively with respect to body 12. Thus an oscillating voltage of frequency f applied to the electrodes would cause beams 20 and 22 to vibrate at frequency 2f, towards and away from one another, 180� out-of-phase. A bias voltage greater than the peaks of the oscillating voltage is therefore added to the oscillating voltage so that the beams 20 and 22 vibrate at the frequency f. This is generally the preferred resonance mode for a double-ended tuning fork transducer, because stresses coupled into outriggers 30 and 32 and mounting pads 24 and 26 tend to cancel, resulting in little loss of mechanical energy to structures 40 and 42.
Drive circuit 18 and elecrodes 14 and 16, in combination with beams 20 and 22, form an oscillator that oscillates at frequency f, the frequency of oscillation being controlled by the mechanical resonance of beams 20 and 22 at frequency 2f. Thus axial forces directed along the beams by structures 40 and 42 change the resonant frequency 2f, and thereby provide a measure of the force exerted by the structures on body 12. Drive circuit 18 produces an output signal on line 44 at frequency f, and this frequency is converted into a measure of force by frequency measurement circuit 46.
FIG. 3 schematically illustrates the use of transducer 10 in an accelerometer. The accelerometer shown in FIG. 3 includes proof mass 50 coupled to support 52 by flexure 54. Flexure 54 permits proof mass 50 to rotate, with respect to support 52, about hinge axis HA that passes through the flexure, normal to the plane of the drawing in FIG. 3. Force transducer 56 of the present invention is connected between proof mass 50 and support 52 adjacent to hinge axis HA. Thus an acceleration along sensitive axis SA causes proof mass 50 to rotate about the hinge axis, resulting in either a compression or tension force on force transducer 56. For a micromachined accelerometer formed from silicon, force transducer 56, and the associated electrodes shown in FIG. 1, may be formed by the etching of an epitaxial layer created on the upper surface of a silicon wafer. In a similar manner, flexure 54 can be formed by creating an epitaxial layer on the lower wafer surface, and using such layer as an electrochemical etch stop.
A second preferred embodiment of the force transducer of the present invention is shown in FIG. 4. The transducer comprises body 60 and electrodes 62 and 64. Body 60 has a double-ended tuning fork configuration, and includes beams 70 and 72 coupled together at their ends by outriggers 74 and 76 and respective mouting pads 80 and 82. Mounting pad 80 is connected to structure 84 that may comprise an accelerometer support member, while mounting pad 82 is attached to structure 86 that may comprise an accelerometer proof mass. Electrodes 62 and 64 are also attached to structure 84, and are cantilevered outward from the structure, such that electrode edges 90 and 92 are positioned adjacent to the outwardly facing surfaces of beams 70 and 72, respectively.
The cantilevered support for electrodes 62 and 64 makes it unnecessary for the electrodes to be attached to proof mass 86, thereby avoiding interference with proof mass movement. The electrodes are coupled to a drive circuit, as shown in FIG. 1. In a silicon micromachined device, body 60 and electrodes 62 and 64 are preferably formed from a single epitaxial layer grown on the surface of a silicon wafer, with structures 84 and 86 being formed from the original wafer material. For example, a P-type wafer can be used to form structures 84 and 86, and an N-doped epitaxial layer can be used to form body 60 and electrodes 60 and 62. The coplanar design shown in FIG. 4 is preferred, since it permits both the electrodes and the double-ended tuning fork body to be fabricated simultaneously from a single layer.
A third preferred embodiment of the invention is shown in FIGS. 5 and 6. The transducer comprises double-ended tuning fork body 100 that may be identical to body 12 shown in FIG. 1. Body 100 comprises beams 102 and 104 connected between mounting pads 106 and 108 via outriggers 110 and 112, respectively. Mounting pads 106 and 108 are connected to structures 120 and 122, respectively. A total of four electrodes 131-134 are positioned about beams 102 and 104. Electrodes 131 and 133 are positioned above and below beam 104, and are spaced outwardly from beam 104, such that the beam is positioned inwardly with respect to line 136 that is drawn between the centers of electrodes 131 and 133. Beam 102 is similarly positioned such that it is positioned inwardly with respect to line 138 that is drawn between the centers of electrodes 132 and 134. All electrodes are connected to receive a common drive voltage from the drive circuit.
When a voltage is applied to electrodes 131-134, beams 102 and 104 are pulled outwardly, away from one another, towards lines 136 and 138 respectively. In effect, the electrostatic forces between the electrodes and beams cause each beam to attempt to position itself centrally between the adjacent elecrode pair. Thus this arrangement produces beam driving forces that are contained entirely within the plane of body 100, as with the embodiments shown in FIG. 4. Electrodes 131-134 may be supported by extending them outwardly from the beams and towards mounting structure 120, in the manner generally similar to that shown in FIG. 4. For this embodiment, a total of five layers are required to form the body/electrode structure: one layer for body 100, two layers for the electrodes, and two sacrificial layers between the electrodes and body 100, to position the electrodes spaced from the beams.
The arrangement shwon in FIGS. 5 and 6 may be modified by eliminating electrodes 133 and 134. A periodic voltage on the remaining electrodes 131 and 132 still produces a periodic driving force in the plane of the body, but it also produces a transverse periodic force which may excite spurious modes in the beams. However it will often be possible to design the transducers such that the frequencies of such spurious modes are outside the bandwidth of the desired mode. The spurious modes can then be avoided by suitable design of the drive circuit.
FIG. 7 illustrates a further embodiment of the invention, in which the electrostatic force driving the beams is created by applying a voltage directly to one of the beams. The embodiments as shown in FIG. 7 includes identical bodies 140 and 142 and drive circuit 144. Body 140 includes beam 150 that extends between mounting pads 152 and 154, while body 142 comprises beam 160 that extends between mounting pads 162 and 164. Mounting pads 152 and 162 are connected to structure 166, while mounting pads 154 and 164 are connected to a second structure 168. Bodies 140 and 142 are aligned such that beams 150 and 160 are parallel to one another, and spaced apart from one another by a small gap.
In the illustrated embodiment, body 140 is grounded, and body 142 is connected to drive circuit 144, for receiving a periodic voltage from the drive circuit. Such voltage causes a periodic attraction between the beams that drives them into resonance, in a manner similar to those of the embodiments described above. The very narrow beam spacing allowed by micromachining processes (e.g., focused ion beam milling), and the fact that both transducer beams are integrally connected to the same structures, means that much of the advantage of having the beams connected directly to one another via outriggers and mounting pads are retained. The closeness of the beams required to get good cancellation of torques at the beam ends also has the effect of allowing one to generate a large driving force with a low driving voltage.
A suitable embodiment for the drive circuit of the present innvention is shown in FIG. 8. The drive circuit includes amplifiers 150 and 152, output buffer 154, and automatic gain control (AGC) circuit 156. In FIG. 8, the resonating structure is represented in block 158 by a series combination of a capacitor, an inductor and a resistor, shunted by a capacitor. The electrodes are coupled to the input terminal of amplifier 150 by line 160, amplifier 150 operating as a current-to-voltage converter, with the output voltage being out-of-phase with the input current. Ampifier 150 sums a bias current from a steady voltage source 170 and resistor 172 with the current from block 158. The output of ampifier 150 is coupled to the input of amplifier 152, which operates as a variable gain voltage inverter, the amount of the gain being controlled by a control signal on line 164 from the AGC circuit. The ouput of amplifier 152 on line 166 is connected to output buffer 154, and is fed back to resonating structure 158.
For all of the embodiments described above, the drive can be provided at a much higher frequency than could a thermal drive. The electric field created by the electrostatic drive is highly confined to the space between the electrodes and beams, so that extensive shielding is not required. A person skilled in the art can, of course, produce other drive arrangements that are modifications of the embodiments presented. For example, the electrode and beam may be given like charges, in which case the driving force will be repulsive rather than attractive. The disadvantage of repulsive arrangements is that they produce more leakage of fields than in the attractive case. The roles of the beams and electrode may be reversed, either in the sense of physical positioning, such as placing the beams to the outside of a drive electrode, or in the sense of materials, such as making the transducer body and beams from a conductor, and the electrodes from a dielectric material. For all embodiments, the electrode shape and size may be adjusted to optimize driving the desired resonant mode. In addition, separate drive and sense electrodes may be provided, rather than combining both functions into a single electrode as in the described embodiments; for example, in FIG. 1, each of electrodes 14 and 16 could be divided lengthwise into a central portion comprising a drive electrode and interconnected end portions comprising sense electrodes. Referring to FIG. 8, the drive electrodes would be connected to line 166, while the sense electrodes would be connected to line 160.
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text:
Watch These Animals Playing Tetherball — Daily Distraction
Tetherball is tons of fun, and not only for big brothers trying to embarrass their siblings.
Tetherball is tons of fun, and not only for big brothers trying to embarrass their siblings.
Cats are easily scared, we all know that, but even a cat shouldn't be quite so spooked by something that moves .... soooooooo ... sloooooooowly ......
Well, perhaps "playing" isn't the most accurate term.
'Just married' has met just plain stupid.
Three NFL teams (the Broncos, Chiefs and Saints) remain undefeated heading into the sixth week of the 2013 season, while four (the Steelers, Jaguars, Giants and Buccaneers) are still looking for their first win. Here are the storylines we're following this week:
Kids and their hatred of vegetables ... it's a tale as old as spinach.
Kids love balloons, and who can blame them. But it's always fun to watch them learn what happens when your balloon goes POP!
What the smell is Deborah Cipriani thinking?
Babies, as everyone knows, are rather delicate creatures. And these dogs have the required gentle touch.
Odds are this waitress will never get a better tip.
Why do we make our canine pals do things like this?
For some dogs, bath time is AAHHH THE WORST THING EVER. Not these dogs.


text:
Last day to request a refund
of any type
An additional registration fee of $25 will be added to the total amount due.
Last day to register children and youth
Last day to purchase lodging on campus and pre-purchased meal plans
Last day to purchase a ride on our shuttle
Full registration: $250 per person
Individual days:
Bible Hour (9-10 a.m.):
Convocation (10:30-11:30 a.m.):
Evening Worship (7 p.m.)
Communion & Commissioning Service (Friday, 10:30 a.m.-noon): No charge
Full Registration: $150 per person
Morning Only (8:30 a.m.-noon, Tuesday through Friday): $75
Partial program-registration scholarships are available based on need. Please see instructions on the registration page, or e-mail our office at email@example.com for more information.
*On-campus lodging capacity is limited. We encourage early registration, as we may fill up by July.
Single room plus meal package: $350 per person
Double room (with roommate) plus meal package: $325 per person
Ages 13-17: Double room (with roommate) plus meal package: $150 per person
Ages 6-12: Double room (with roommate) plus meal package: $125 per person
Ages 0-5: Double room (with roommate) plus meal package: No charge
Monday dinner-Friday lunch: $150
Ages 13-17, Monday dinner-Friday lunch: $150
Ages 6-12, Monday dinner-Friday lunch: $70
Ages 0-5, Monday dinner-Friday lunch: No charge
Breakfast: $9
Lunch: $12
Dinner: $15 (*Thursday dinner: $20)
Breakfast: $5
Lunch: $6
Dinner: $6.50
*Shuttle runs Monday between 9 a.m. and 9 p.m. and Friday morning to mid-afternoon.
Single person one way: $25
Single person round trip: $50
Party of two or more one way: $40
Party of two or more round trip: $75


text:
- Listen Live
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- On-Air
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Please pray for my husbands mental health to be restored. He has abandoned me and his unborn child. Please pray for God to give me wisdom and his will to be done in our relationship. Please pray for me to find a job.


text:
So after much fighting and wondering why he shows no interest in our son he tells me that he wants a paternity test because he doesnt believe me that its his son. I cannot believe he would do this, it makes me sick. I told him I couldnt be with him as long as he believed that.
Father wants a paternity test....cannot believe this
Liam Alan Waste
Due March 29, 2013
we have had complications because he hasnt tried getting a job or anything and i knew he had thought this once but i thought we had moved on from it. Last night i asked what his problem was and he said he wants to be 100% and that hell be there for me when he knows. Problem is i cant have a paternity test till my son is born so I told him he isnt welcome in the birth room.
Liam Alan Waste
Due March 29, 2013
I'd be hurt and angry, but I'd also give it to him, just to shut him up. Otherwise, he will bring it up for the next 18+ years and throw it in your face at every fight. Plus, imagine the satisfaction you'll have at proving yourself right (NOT that you should have to!!) Just my opinion. That does suck though, and I'm sorry he's being that way!
Just take the test and when it shows proof that it's his, rub it in his face and tell him to grow up.
I don't really know you both but some boys get wierd when they try to comprehend fatherhood.
I plan to get the test but I seriously dont think I could ever let this go. Im so hurt.
Liam Alan Waste
Due March 29, 2013
well im sure he is scared but its bullshit that I have to do this on my own
Liam Alan Waste
Due March 29, 2013
He's probably just insecure about things right now and all you have to do is make sure he knows you love him and stayed faithful. I wouldn't take offense to it because he's probably scared about all of this and he's entitled to his express his emotions just like you are.
My DH questioned as well because it took us so long and then he was visiting family when I announced to him. He didn't realize it takes sometimes longer then 2 weeks to find out.
Honey mine ask me for the same thing too. I told him sure i have nothing to hide. It just helps me more when we go to court for child support and custody. He hasn't taking interest. The other day he stopped by my house just to see how I was doing. He notice I was doing fine he then left. Am letting him think that everything is ok but he just doesn't know what's coming for him. If I were you I would do it. It does hurt but in the end if you guys end up going to court for anything that will be great evidence and it will help you a lot.
You can have a paternity test while pregnant.
However, why spend the money right now just to please him? You should be mad, it is very insensitive of him to say such a thing while you're pregnant, especially if he has no reason to doubt that he is the father. He sounds immature. *hugs*


text:
Volunteers Organize Cleanups After Riots Damage Streets, Stores
Large groups of people are gathering in West Baltimore to clean the city following the violence Monday night.
Crews Remain On Scene Of Gaithersburg Plane Crash
Searching for clues, investigators remain at the scene where a jet crashed into a Montgomery County home. Rick Ritter reports on how investigators are digging deeper into the pilot's past.
Study: Chesapeake Cleanup Would Bring $22B To Region
Setting a dollar amount on the Chesapeake Bay. A new study released Monday compiled the numbers.
Volunteers Act As Oyster Nannies In Inner Harbor Cleanup Effort
It's an investment of time and effort, but the payoff of a cleaner bay is still far from certain.
Lawmakers Urge Court To Block Chesapeake Cleanup
A group of 39 lawmakers is urging a federal court to block the Obama administration's plan to clean up the Chesapeake Bay watershed, describing it as an unjustified power grab.
Md. Event Touts USDA Chesapeake Bay Cleanup Effort
The U.S. Agriculture Department is kicking off a Chesapeake Bay watershed cleanup program with an event in the Baltimore suburb of Cockeysville.
Residents Of 26th Street Collapse Could Be Displaced For 40 Days
Cleanup continues statewide in the wake of this week's severe weather. Damage includes a street collapsing, swallowing cars onto train tracks below.
Cleanup Begins After Retaining Wall Collapse Swallows Several Cars On 26th Street
Catastrophic landslide. There is incredible new video of a block-long collapse along E. 26th Street onto CSX railroad tracks below.
Challenge To Chesapeake Cleanup Tests EPA Power
Maryland is joining three other jurisdictions in supporting the Obama administration's plan to clean up the Chesapeake Bay watershed, seeking to counter an election-year legal challenge by farmers and 21 attorneys general that could shape future U.S. environmental policy.
Bay Foundation: 2 Amicus Briefs Back Cleanup
The Chesapeake Bay Foundation says more friend-of-the-court briefs have been filed in support of a massive restoration of the estuary.
Project Clean Stream Kicks Off Around Maryland
Some major spring cleaning! But these Marylanders aren't getting their homes in order, they're working on something even bigger.
Prince George's Partners With SHA For Litter Blitz
The Prince George's County Department of Public Works and the State Highway Administration are joining forces to fight littering.


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29 year old man | Collingswood, NJ, USA | Seeking women 24-29 within 50 miles
Those who can't laugh at themselves leave the job to others.
Well, Hello! Im usually very blunt and honest so what do you need to know about me upfront? First, I am a Yankees fan! Yes I said Yankees fan. Second, Im super fun to be around and act like a dork once in a while. Thirdly, I was married for two years :( If any of these things bother you or is a turn off right away there are plenty of profiles on here for you :) However, I doubt you'll meet someone like me... If you asked my friends to describe me, the term "Fun" is often used. I know how to speak my mind and get what I want, but I do so with a smile. I've been known to assess first impressions quickly and generally do not waiver from my initial conclusion. I'm considered a very generous person in all aspects of my life. I've been told that I'm smart, very outgoing, confident and yet sensitive, although I also tend to be a bit modest too. I'm looking for a woman who shares my views on life, family and friends and is ready for all I can offer. I love to travel and be spontaneous and most likely while you're reading my profile I will be somewhere cool if i am not at the office. Any woman who can keep up with me is my kind of girl and who knows If everything works out with you, we can say we just met at a Starbucks....
Coffee and conversation , Cooking , Dining out , Music and concerts , Exploring new areas , Travel/Sightseeing , Watching sports , Wine tasting
Baseball, Football, Golf, Hockey, Skiing, Tennis / Racquet sports, Weights / Machines
I exercise 3-4 times per week.
I have Dogs
Middle of the Road
I try to make it up to manhattan whenever I can, Puerto Morelos, San Francisco and Caramel are just a few places I enjoy visiting.
Northeastern University, Boston, MA
Dining out, can this a favorite thing? I play guitar, so music interests me allot. I am also outdoorsy, so fishing, boating and golfing are also my favorites.
Besides working in business, I love to use my hands, If i am not working on the house i will be working on my classic car. However, if it's a nice day and I don't feel like working I love to golf or just enjoy something new and interesting..
I have to start reading again, for the most part its just magazines and the paper, yes I read the paper..
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Local Philadelphia Hospital
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text:
The latest data available on the state distribution of R&D performance are for 1997.[25] These data cover R&D performance by industry, academia, and Federal agencies, as well as Federally funded R&D activities of nonprofit institutions. The state data on R&D cover 52 records: the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and "other/unknown" (which accounts primarily for R&D for which the particular state was not known). Approximately two-thirds of the R&D that could not be associated with a particular state is R&D performed by the nonprofit sector. Consequently, the distribution of R&D by state indicates primarily where R&D is undertaken in Federal, industrial, and university facilities.
In 1997, total R&D expenditures in the United States were $211.3 billion, of which $199.1 billion could be attributed to expenditures within individual states; the remainder was "other/unknown." (See appendix table 2-20.) The statistics and discussion below refer to state R&D levels in relation to the distributed total of $199.1 billion.
R&D is concentrated in a small number of states. In 1997, California had the highest level of R&D expenditures performed within its borders ($41.7 billion, representing approximately one-fifth of U.S. total). The six states with the highest levels of R&D expendituresCalifornia, Michigan, New York, New Jersey, Massachusetts, and Texas (in descending order)accounted for approximately half of the entire national effort. The top 10 statesthe six states listed above plus (in descending order) Pennsylvania, Illinois, Washington, and Marylandaccounted for approximately two-thirds of the national effort. (See appendix table 2-20.) California's R&D performance exceeded by a factor of three the next-highest state, Michigan ($14.0 billion). After Michigan, R&D levels decline relatively smoothly to approximately $7.4 billion for Maryland. The 20 highest-ranking states in R&D expenditures accounted for about 86 percent of the U.S. total; the lowest 20 states accounted for 4 percent.
States vary widely in the size of their economies owing to differences in population, land area, infrastructure, natural resources, and history. Consequently, variation in the R&D expenditure levels of states may simply reflect differences in economic size or the nature of their R&D efforts. A simple way of controlling for this "size effect" is to measure each state's R&D level as a proportion of its gross state product (GSP). (See appendix table 2-52.) As with the ratio of industrial R&D to sales, the proportion of a state's GSP devoted to R&D is referred to as R&D "intensity." Overall, the Nation's total R&D to GDP ratio in 1997 was 2.6 percent in 1997. The top 10 states with regard to R&D intensity were (in descending order) New Mexico (6.7 percent), the District of Columbia (5.3 percent), Michigan (5.1 percent), Massachusetts (5.0 percent), Maryland (4.8 percent), Washington (4.4 percent), Idaho (4.4 percent), New Jersey (4.1 percent), California (4.0 percent), and Rhode Island (3.7 percent). New Mexico's high R&D intensity is largely attributable to Federal support (provided by the Department of Energy) for the Sandia National Laboratories and Los Alamos National Laboratory FFRDCs in the state.[26]
States have always varied in terms of the levels and types of industrial operations they contain. Thus, they vary as well in the levels of R&D they contain by industrial sector. One measure of such variation among states is the extent to which their industrial R&D is in the nonmanufacturing sector as opposed to the manufacturing sector. Among the top 10 states in 1997 in industrial R&D performance, California, New Jersey, New York, Massachusetts, and Washington all had relatively high levels of R&D in the nonmanufacturing sector (25 percent or more of the total). (See figure 2-14.) Michigan, Texas, Pennsylvania, Illinois, and Ohio had lower levels of R&D in nonmanufacturing, as a percentage of the total.
The traditional way to analyze trends in R&D performance is to examine the amount of funds devoted to basic research, applied research, and development. (See sidebar, "Definitions.") These terms are convenient because they correspond to popular models that depict innovation occurring in a linear progression through three stages: (1) scientific breakthroughs from the performance of basic research lead to (2) applied research, which leads to (3) development or application of applied research to commercial products, processes, and services.
NSF uses the following definitions in its resource surveys. They have been in place for several decades and are generally consistent with international definitions.
The simplicity of this approach makes it appealing to policymakers, even though the traditional categories of basic research, applied research, and development do not always ideally describe the complexity of the relationship between science, technology, and innovation in the real world.[27] Additionally, many analysts argue that the distinctions between basic research and applied research are becoming increasingly blurred. Nonetheless, these general categories are generally useful to characterize the relative expected time horizons and types of investments.
The United States spent $37.9 billion on the performance of basic research in 1998, $51.2 billion on applied research, and $138.1 billion on development. (See figure 2-15.) These totals reflect continuous increases over several years. In particular, since 1980 there has been a 4.7 percent annual increase, in real terms, in basic research; a 3.9 percent increase in applied research; and a 3.4 percent increase in development. As a share of all 1998 R&D performance expenditures, basic research represented 16.7 percent, applied research 22.5 percent, and development 60.8 percent. These shares have not changed very much over time. For example, in 1980 basic research accounted for 13.9 percent, applied research 21.7 percent, and development 64.3 percent.
In 1998, basic research expenditures reached $37.9 billion. (See text table 2-1.) The annual growth rate of basic research performance has changed over time, but not as dramatically as total R&D. This annual rate, adjusted for inflation, had an average as high as 5.2 percent between 1980 and 1985; the growth rate slowed to 4.4 percent between 1985 and 1994 and increased to 5.0 between 1994 and 1998.
In terms of support, the Federal Government has always provided the majority of funds used for basic research. (See figure 2-16 and appendix table 2-9.) The Federal share of funding for basic research as a percentage of all funding, however, has droppedfrom 70.5 percent in 1980 to a 53.4 percent ($20.2 billion) in 1998. (See figure 2-17.) This decline in the Federal share of basic research support does not reflect a decline in the actual amount of Federal support, which grew 3.1 percent per year in real terms between 1980 and 1998. Rather, it reflects a growing tendency for the funding of basic research to come from other sectors. Specifically, from 1980 to 1998, non-Federal support for basic research grew at the rate of 7.4 percent per year in real terms.
With regard to the performance of basic research in 1998, universities and colleges (excluding FFRDCs) accounted for the largest share47.8 percent ($18.1 billion). Their performance of basic research has increased, on average, 4.6 percent annually in real terms since 1980. When the performance of university-administered FFRDCs is included, the academic sector's share climbs to 55.0 percent. In 1998, the Federal Government provided 62.1 percent of the basic research funds used by the academic sector. Non-Federal sourcesincluding industry, state and local governments, universities and colleges themselves, and nonprofit organizationsprovided the remaining 37.9 percent.
Applied research expenditures were $51.2 billion in 1998. Applied research is performed much more by nonacademic institutions. These expenditures have been subject to greater shifts over time, as a result of fluctuations in industrial growth and Federal policy. Applied research experienced an average annual real growth of 7.2 percent between 1980 and 1985, followed by very low growth of 0.8 percent between 1985 and 1994; the rate of growth rose again to 6.8 percent between 1994 and 1998. Increases in industrial support for applied research explains this recent upturn. Industrial support accounted for 65.6 percent ($33.6 billion) of the 1998 total for applied research; Federal support accounted for 28.0 percent ($14.3 billion).
During the 1980s, Federal support for applied research was intentionally deemphasized in favor of basic research. Even with the current administration's greater willingness to support generic/precompetitive applied research, Federal funding in 1998 for applied research was only 70.8 percent of that for basic research ($14.3 billion versus $20.2 billion, respectively), as reported by research performers.
With regard to performance, 69.9 percent (accounting for $35.8 billion) of the Nation's applied research was performed by industry and industry-administered FFRDCs in 1998. Federal sources funded 28.0 percent ($14.3 billion) of the Nation's applied research.
In the same year, most of the Nation's nonindustrial applied research was performed by universities and colleges and their administered FFRDCs ($7.9 billion) and the Federal Government ($5.4 billion). With regard to Federal intramural applied research, in FY 1998 23.6 percent was performed by DOD, another 23.4 percent by HHS, and 11.5 percent by NASA.[28] Total Federal applied research performance has been remarkably level for more than 30 years, experiencing only a 0.6 percent average annual growth, in real terms, since 1966.
Expenditures on development in 1998 totaled $138.1 billion. Most R&D expenditures are on development. Therefore, historical patterns of development expenditures mirror historical patterns of total R&D expenditures. From 1980 to 1985, development grew on average by 7.0 percent per year in real terms as increasingly larger shares of the national R&D effort were directed toward R&D supported by DOD (which tends to be approximately 90 percent development). (See figure 2-18.) Between 1985 and 1994, on the other hand, development in real terms grew at an average annual rate of only 0.4 percentfrom $74.5 billion in 1985 to $103.1 billion in 1994. Between 1994 and 1998, annual growth was back up to 5.7 percent in real terms, to $138.1 billion in 1998of which 75.8 percent was supported by industry and 23.4 percent by the Federal Government.
In terms of performance, industry (including industrial FFRDCs) accounted for 89.9 percent ($124.1 billion) of the nation's 1998 development activities. The Federal Government accounted for 6.4 percent ($8.8 billion), and all other performers account for 3.7 percent ($5.2 billion).
R&D Continues to Fare Well Despite Fiscal Austerity
Reducing the deficit has been an overriding goal of Congress and the Clinton Administration. To gain a better understanding of the difficulty involved in accomplishing this objective, it is helpful to split total Federal spending into two categories"mandatory" and "discretionary." Certain program expendituresincluding those for Social Security, veterans' benefits, Medicare, Medicaid, and interest on the national debtare considered mandatory items in the Federal budget. That is, the government is already committed by law to finance those programs at certain levels and cannot cut them without a change in the law through an act of Congress. In contrast, discretionary items, including R&D programs, do not enjoy the same level of protection from budget-cutting proposals; the Federal Government does not have to, or is not already committed by law to, finance such programs at particular levels.
In FY 2000, mandatory programs (including interest on the national debt) are expected to account for 67 percent of total Federal outlays. (See appendix table 2-22.) Despite the vulnerability of R&D as a component of discretionary spending, Federal support for R&D has received bipartisan support and has fared well during the fiscal austerity of the past two decades. (See figure 2-19.) For example, an examination of R&D as a percentage of the total Federal budget reveals the following:
Among fields receiving Federal research support, life sciences garner the largest share of basic and applied research obligations. (See appendix table 2-47.) In FY 1999, an estimated $8.3 billion was obligated for basic research in the life sciences (which includes the biological, medical, and agricultural subfields)nearly half the basic research total of $16.9 billion. This level of funding has grown steadily since the mid-1980s, although growth in real terms was stagnant from 1993 to 1995 (consistent with the growth pattern for all of HHS, the major funding agency for life sciences). By preliminary estimates, Federal support for basic research in the life sciences has grown rapidly between FY 1997 and FY 1999(averaging 6.2 percent per year in real terms. (See figure 2-20 and appendix table 2-47.)
DOE is the largest provider of funding for basic research in the physical sciences. According to preliminary estimates, DOE provided $1,358 million of a total of $3,305 million in FY 1999; NASA provided $972 million, and NSF provided $551 million (devoted to a wide variety of fields). Federal support for basic research in the physical sciences grew in real terms from 1985 to 1991, then declined from 1991 to 1996, and has since been rising again. (See figure 2-20.)
Life sciences received the largest Federal support for applied research: an estimated $6.1 billion in FY 1999 (38 percent of the $16.1 billion total). Engineering received the next largest share, with $4.3 billion in obligations (27 percent of the total). In real terms, Federal support for applied research in the life sciences has grown substantially between 1985 and 1999 (from $3.3 billion to $5.3 billion in constant 1992 dollars. Federal support for applied research in mathematics and computer sciences has experienced particularly strong growth over the same period, from $402 million to nearly $1.3 billion in 1992 dollars. In contrast, Federal support for applied research in engineering, psychology, social sciences, and other sciences has grown very little or decreased slightly in real terms over the same period. Environmental sciences showed moderate growth between 1985 and 1999, from $898 million to nearly $1.4 billion in 1992 dollars. Federal support for applied research in the physical sciences, however, showed a decline in real termsfrom $1.6 billion to $1.1 billion in 1992 dollars. On the other hand, Federal support for the physical sciences had been rising since its low of $966 million (in constant 1992 dollars) in 1966.
Considering basic and applied research together, the growth of Federal support for research the life sciences vis-à-vis research in other fields is even more pronounced. (See figure 2-20.) In terms of rates of growth, Federal support for research in mathematics and computer sciences has grown rapidly as well.[29]
A challenging, open-endedyet promisingmethod of classifying R&D expenditures, in various sectors in addition to academia, is by field of science. Such classification, applied to historical data, indicates how R&D efforts in various fields of science and engineering have grown in economic importance over time. This information is potentially useful for science policy analysis and for planning and priority-setting. Moreover, scientists and engineers themselves can benefit from information about how R&D expenditures in various fields of science and engineering have evolved over time. For example, such information might influence decisions by scientists and engineersand science and engineering studentsabout taking on new research endeavors or exploring new career opportunities.
Classification of academic R&D by field of science is provided in detail in chapter 6 of this report. The only additional sector for which extensive data by field exist is the Federal Government. Industrial R&Dwhich represents three-quarters of all R&D performed in the United Stateshas not been subdivided by field of study, for three reasons: (1) Unlike research performed by universities and Federal agencies, much of the research by private firms is confidential (for obvious reasons), and the provision of such information might compromise that confidentiality; (2) most private companies do not have the accounting infrastructure in place to compile such statistics, so any efforts on their part to provide this additional information could be significantly burdensome to them; and (3) much of the R&D carried out by industry is interdisciplinary, especially at the development stage (e.g., the development of a new vehicle would involve mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, and other fields)which in many cases might make the splitting of R&D by field somewhat arbitrary. Therefore, the collection of such data is unlikely.
Nonetheless, some analysis along these lines, wherever possible, could shed light on overall levels of R&D support for general lines of inquiry. The analysis that follows circumvents this problem by grouping fields with standard industrial categories, creating nine general categories of R&D that can be associated with fields of science and engineering and with related industrial categories.
In this section, R&D is categorized into three broad areas; each area is associated with academic fields of study and with industrial end-products that tend to be associated with those fields. For easier data interpretation, all academic and Federal fiscal year data were converted to calendar year data so they would be comparable to data pertaining to industry categories (which are collected and provided on a calendar year basis). Furthermore, all dollar amounts in this section are in real (constant 1992) terms, thereby allowing the analysis to focus on effects that are independent of inflation.
Three categories of R&D were identified that could be associated primarily with chemistry and chemical engineering. (See figure 2-21 and appendix table 2-49.) These categories exclude chemistry associated with medicine, which was included instead under the broad category of life sciences. The largest of these categories, by far, is company-funded R&D in industrial chemicals and other chemicals (but not drugs and medicines). In real terms, expenditures in this category grew from $6.1 billion in 1985 to $7.7 billion in 1990 and then eventually declined, on average, to $6.3 billion in 1997only slightly higher than the level 12 years earlier. The next two categories were much smaller. Federal obligations for research in chemistry and chemical engineering remained at roughly $1 billion (in constant 1992 dollars) throughout the 1985--96 period. The smallest categoryacademic R&D (not Federally funded) in chemistry and chemical engineeringgrew steadily in real terms, from $223 million in 1985 to $361 million in 1996.
R&D in the broad area of the life sciences is characterized by strong and fairly-continuous real growth in its three largest categories. (See figure 2-22 and appendix table 2-50.) The largest category, Federal obligations for research in the life sciences, increased from $8 billion in 1985 to $11 billion in 1996. Company-funded R&D in drugs and medicines grew dramatically in real terms, from $4 billion in 1985 to $10 billion in 1997. Likewise, academic R&D (not Federally funded) in the life sciences and bioengineering/biomedical engineering grew continuously, from $3 billion in 1985 to $5 billion in 1996. Real growth in R&D also occurred in development expenditures by HHS and the Department of Veterans Affairs. With regard to food and other agricultural products that are also associated with life sciences, real growth occurred in the relatively small levels of development expenditures by USDA (from $41 million to $77 million between 1985 and 1996), but very little real change occurred in company-funded R&D in food, kindred, and tobacco products (which grew from $1.4 billion to $1.6 billion between 1985 and 1997).
Although seven categories of R&D fall under this broad area, two clearly dominate the others in terms of the magnitude of their expenditure levels. (See figure 2-23 and appendix table 2-51.) The largest area, by 1997, was company- funded R&D in electrical equipment, which held steady at close to $10 billion (in constant 1992 dollars) throughout 1985--92, after which it doubled to more than $20 billion by 1997. The second-largest category in 1997company-funded R&D in office, computing and accounting machinesremained at or above $10 billion between 1985 and 1992 as well. It then fell sharply in 1993 to below $5 billion but recovered between 1995 and 1997; by 1997 it represented more than $11 billion in R&D. The third-largest category, Federal obligations for research in mathematics and computer science, grew from $745 million in 1985 to nearly $1.5 billion in 1996. Federal obligations for research in electrical engineering (not Federally funded) declined from $813 million to $601 million over the same period. Three small academic categoriesR&D in mathematics, computer science, and electrical engineeringeach nearly doubled in real terms between 1985 and 1996.


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Mark your calendars! The fall season kicks off in September!
CBS will be comedy-free on Mondays for the first time in decades, and Bradley Cooper will recur on the Limitless adaptation.
Most of CBS's shows will be back, but one big franchise might be dead.
CBS All Access will give users access to most of the network's current programming as well as classics from its vault.
Break out your day planners, because things are getting messy at CBS thanks to the addition of Thursday Night Football.
Plus: Two and a Half Men, The Millers, and new comedy The McCarthys won't debut until after football season.
Plus: CBS announces its season finale dates, Patton Oswalt is gonna be an Agent of S.H.I.E.L.D., and George R.R. Martin wants to make a Game of Thrones movie.
Yes, even Two and a Half Men. Sorry.
Plus: LeBron James is officially an executive producer now, Hank Azaria will be a pain in the ass on Ray Donovan, and a just-offed Originals star has already lined up a new role.
Plus: The cast of Arrested Development will visit Inside the Actor's Studio, David Tennant wants more time as the Doctor, and The Rock wants to be your alarm clock.
Nearly all of your multi-camera comedy and procedural drama favorites will return in the third week of September.
Elsewhere, Mondays are mostly new and Wednesdays and Sundays are as familiar as ever.
The network has ordered new seasons of 14 of its primetime series.
Which of The Eye's shows are getting the super-sized season-ending treatment?
Also coming to The Eye: rookie drama Golden Boy and spring editions of Survivor and The Amazing Race.
Putting aside ratings for a moment, which network instantly gives you a good or bad feeling just from hearing its name?
Plus: USA orders a lawyer reality show, Fox orders a celebrity diving show, and Veep adds one annoying boss.
America's Most-Watched Network" is conducting business as usual, debuting nearly all of its new and returning shows during official Premiere Week.
2 Broke Girls will drive Monday's comedy block, while Vegas is paired with the NCISes and Sherlock Holmes lands on Thursdays.
Plus: The finales of Blue Bloods and CSI:NY and the premiere of USA's Common Law.
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Abstract Matter
AboutWilliam Staite Murray's stoneware pottery Julian Stair, artist and writer. Book online or call 01223 748100
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Australia dramas and actors storm into the Monte Carlo TV Festival
Michael Idato Three home grown dramas - Ten's Secrets & Lies, Nine's Love Child and the ABC drama Anzac Girls - have been nominated for awards at the prestigious festival.
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Home and Away joins Logie's Hall of Fame, but highlights a stunning lack of female inductees
Michael Idato The long-running Seven Network soap opera Home and Away has been inducted into the TV Week Logie Hall of Fame.
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Batman star Ben Affleck hid his family's slave-owning past in TV documentary
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Grammar goof?
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Michael Idato No sooner had the new Star Wars movie trailer been unveiled the internet imploded with theories of an apparent resurrection of Darth Vader.
The Force Awakens
Star Wars: The Force Awakens new trailer gives first look at older Han Solo
Michael Idato The new trailer for Star Wars: The Force Awakens reintroduces some very familiar characters, and hints at plot details in the eagerly awaited reboot.
Elizabeth Olsen
Avengers: Age of Ultron's Elizabeth Olsen talks about Star Wars, superheroes and 'the stance'
Michael Idato Actress Elizabeth Olsen is preparing for life as a Marvel superhero: "I'm not sure how it's gonna all unfold."
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Michael Idato For decades Marvel lived in the shadow of its rival, DC Comics - until Iron Man came to the rescue.
End in sight for long-running television drama Downton Abbey
Michael Idato For all great stories and great characters the time comes to say goodbye.
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Bizarre game show
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Game of Thrones season 5 leak topples HBO's house of cards, exposes weakness of drip-feed TV
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Staggering result
Furious 7 clocks $US800 million at box office, racing towards $US1 billion line
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Networking: news from the TV and film industries
Michael Idato The controversial HBO documentary Going Clear: Scientology and the Prison of Belief has set a ratings record in the US.


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You can now invite anyone to meet at your favorite Starbucks.
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38 year old woman | Bronx, NY, USA | Seeking men 35-45 within 60 miles
It's not that complicated-really
Since you are going to take the time and actually read this, I will write a little bit about myself. No, I do not love to exercise, it has not grown on me yet. However, I do walk a lot everyday (single working mother living in the city), and I am trying to do Pilates (again). That counts, right? No fine wine necessary, the $10 bottle will do. I like beer too. Eating is one of life's important physical pleasures, and I enjoy it. I thank life for my metabolism and the no need to diet. So no, I will not be ordering salad. I will love to visit every single country in this world. Even Azerbaijan, which I just found out about its existence a few weeks ago. You may Google it after you are done reading my profile. ;) Anyways, I still think I am good in geography. I like some adventure and taking chances...well, on the odds are in my favor. Haaa!! Because, why would I go white water rafting class III IV with two kids? And I must say, we enjoyed every second of it! Oh, I have also dive with sharks and manta rays. Home and movies are perfectly fine with me. Now, when it comes to men... I am attracted to a straight-up honest man whose actions and words match. You must be an enlightened grown-up with integrity and genuine kindness, who likes having a good time. I want to laugh with you, so please be ready to do so at the right moments. See, it's not that complicated.
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
|What she is looking for
|5'5" (165cms)
|5'8" (172cms) to 6'5" (195cms)
|Body type:
|Slender, About average, Athletic and toned
|No preference
|Light brown
|No preference
|No Way
|No Way
|Social Drinker
|Social Drinker
|I'll tell you later
|No preference
|I'll tell you later
|No preference
|Never Married, Divorced
|Have kids:
|Yes, and they live at home (2)
|Yes, and they sometimes live at home, Yes, and they live away from home, Yes, and they live at home
|Wants kids:
|No, but it's OK if my partner has kids
|No, No, but it's OK if my partner has kids
|Latino / Hispanic
|Latino / Hispanic
|I'll tell you later
|No preference
|English, Spanish
|English, Spanish
|Associates degree
|No preference


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|Major League Baseball
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Interleague Preview from The Sports Network
Sunday, April 20th (All times eastern)
Seattle Mariners (7-10) at Miami Marlins (8-10), 1:10 p.m.
Probable Starting Pitchers: Seattle - Brandon Maurer (0-0, 0.00) Miami - Kevin Slowey (0-0, 4.38)
(SportsNetwork.com) - Right-hander Brandon Maurer makes his first outing of 2014 on Sunday afternoon when the Seattle Mariners visit the Miami Marlins to close out a three-game series at Marlins Park.
Maurer gets the call thanks to a spate of injuries on the Seattle pitching staff, which has seen hurlers James Paxton and Blake Beavan put onto the 15- day disabled list, along with All-Star Hisashi Iwakuma.
Maurer made 22 appearances in his rookie season -- including 14 starts -- in 2013. He was 3-8 in those starting assignments with a 6.20 earned run average.
In four games at Triple-A Tacoma this season, he's posted a 2.16 ERA.
"Just try to go out there and throw my best, not look too much into it opportunity-wise," Maurer said. "Just go out there and try to win a ballgame."
Miami hands the ball to Kevin Slowey while hoping he can match the effort put out on Saturday by Henderson Alvarez, who tossed a two-hit shutout in the Marlins' 7-0 triumph.
It was Miami's seventh straight interleague victory and Seattle's fifth straight loss.
Slowey, meanwhile, gets the call in place of Brad Hand, who's struggled as a starter. He made four relief outings to begin the season after going 1-6 in 14 starts for Miami last season.
He's 2-2 in five career starts against the Marlins while with Minnesota.
On Saturday, Alvarez (1-2) didn't issue a walk and struck out four in his third career shutout and complete game. He also went 1-for-2 at the plate with an RBI and a run scored.
"You can tell in the first inning, he came out and his [velocity] was up, 94-95," Miami manager Mike Redmond said. "I think for him that was a good sign. You could just sense his intensity and the way he was executing his pitches. You could tell he was on a mission tonight. He was going to do everything he could do to win that ballgame, and he did."
Marcell Ozuna hit a three-run home run and drove in four, while Casey McGehee also drove in a run for the Marlins, who have won three of four.
Roenis Elias (1-2) gave up six runs -- four earned -- on eight hits with five walks and five strikeouts in 5 2/3 innings for the Mariners, who have dropped five straight and seven of eight.
This is the Mariners' first trip to Miami since 2008 and their first- ever visit to Marlins Park. Miami holds a 5-4 edge in the all-time series.
Powered by The Sports Network.


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Its the supermarket age people buy more than they need and end up throwing away half of it. Like that all over the developed world not just Israel. People buy food, people throw away food but there are of course homeless people but people throwing away stuff they don't need rather than give it to the homeless thats how it works everywhere.
If selected for publication, it will appear as soon as possible on Haaretz.com.


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Morningstar Articles
Wed, 21 Mar 2012
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Given the difficulty of timing interest - rate moves, author Rick Ferri recommends a diversified blend of high-quality bonds , high-yield credits, and a touch of TIPS .
Financial planner Mark Balasa and Morningstar's Christine Benz and David Blanchett tackled viewers' most pressing retirement questions, from determining savings rates and income needs to planning for Social Security and maximizing retirement accounts .
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Samuel Kuffour
|Personal information
|Full name
|Samuel Osei Kuffour
|Date of birth
|3 September 1976
|Place of birth
|Kumasi, Ghana
|1.78 m (5 ft 10 in)
|Playing position
|Youth career
|Fantomas Kumasi
|King Faisal Babes
|Senior career*
|Bayern Munich
|→ 1. FC Nuremberg (loan)
|→ Livorno (loan)
|→ Ajax (loan)
|Asante Kotoko
|National team
* Senior club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only.
Samuel Osei Kuffour (born 3 September 1976) is a Ghanaian retired professional footballer who played as a defender.
Known for his great physical power, he is best remembered for his time with Bayern Munich, whom he represented for over a decade, winning a total of 17 major titles, and playing in nearly 250 official matches.
Kuffour appeared with the Ghanaian national team in the 2006 World Cup, as well as in four Africa Cup of Nations.
Club career[edit]
Born in Ghana, Kuffour was brought to Europe by Torino F.C. in 1991 aged just 15, after playing junior football for local teams in his native country. He joined FC Bayern Munich in 1993 from the Italian club. After a season-long loan spell with 1. FC Nuremberg in the second division, he made his breakthrough with the Bavarians.
Kuffour spent 11 seasons with Bayern, raising from the youth teams to be a prominent first-squad member who lifted the UEFA Champions League with the club. He was an integral part of the squad that won the 2000–01 Champions League, also scoring the winning goal in the 2001 Intercontinental Cup, being subsequently named man of the match.[1] Also in that year, he finished second in African Footballer of the Year's voting, repeating the feat accomplished in 1999.[2]
Kuffour was also part of the Bayern team which lost to Manchester United due to two late goals in the 1999 UEFA Champions League Final, famously beating the ground in frustration afterwards, a gesture that endeared him to Bayern supporters. He also became the youngest defender of all-time to score in the Champions League, at the age of 18 years, 61 days during the match against FC Spartak Moscow on 2 November 1994, which ended in a 2–2 draw.[3] Kuffour made over 60 UEFA Champions League appearances, the most by any African player ever,[citation needed] also being one of the most decorated African players of all time.
After eleven seasons in Munich and 175 Bundesliga appearances, Kuffour left Bayern in the summer of 2005, and signed a three-year deal with A.S. Roma in a free transfer, thus returning to Italy.[4] He made 21 appearances in his debut season, having spent a period of the season away on international duty and, in his second year, was loaned to UEFA Cup competitor and fellow Serie A team A.S. Livorno Calcio.
In August 2007, Kuffour had an unsuccessful trial with Premier League side Sunderland, with a view to a permanent move. However, manager Roy Keane confirmed he would not be joining the club, in a post match interview after Sunderland's defeat to Liverpool.[5]
On 28 January 2008, AFC Ajax received Kuffour on a six-month loan contract, with an option for two more seasons. He was released following a lack of form, and was also deemed surplus to requirements by Roma boss Luciano Spalletti, thus becoming a free agent.
In August, it was thought that Kuffour had joined Russian Premier League side FC Khimki. However, it was announced on 10 September, by his agent, that he had retired from professional football with immediate effect.[6] Kuffour rejected the news and stated his desire to continue his career; on 26 January 2009, he was linked to Major League Soccer side Chicago Fire S.C. – the CEO of US-based Sports to Develop Destitute claimed he was helping the player finalise the deal.[7]
In April 2009, Kuffour finally returned to active, and came back to his homeland after a 19-year absence, penning a three-month deal with Asante Kotoko FC.[8] He retired from football only three months after, however.
International career[edit]
A Ghana international for 13 years, Kuffour won his first cap as a 17-year old in a game against Sierra Leone on 28 November 1993. He had previously been part of every national team – junior, youth and Olympic level – and became the full squad's captain at the age of 23.
Kuffour burst onto the international scene at age 13. At junior level, he was a member of the Ghana side that won the 1991 FIFA U-17 World Championship in Italy and the one that was runner-up to Nigeria in the 1993 FIFA U-17 World Championship in Japan. At youth level, he appeared with the team that finished second to Brazil during the 1993 FIFA World Youth Championship in Australia.
Olympicwise, Kuffour became the youngest Olympic Football Champion of all-time, when he collected bronze at the 1992 Olympics just before his 16th birthday. He was also a member of the squad that reached the quarterfinals at the same level in 1996.
Kuffour also made one appearance for his country at the 2006 FIFA World Cup finals, against Italy. After a costly mistake in that first match, a 0–2 loss, he was dropped for the next three games as Ghana bowed out in the round-of-16 against Brazil.
On 12 January 2007, the Confederation of African Football voted Kuffour as a member of the Top 30 African Players of All-Time.
- Bayern Munich
- Bundesliga: 1996–97, 1998–99, 1999–2000, 2000–01, 2002–03, 2004–05|
- DFB-Pokal: 1997–98, 1999–2000, 2002–03, 2004–05; Runner-up 1998–99
- DFB-Ligapokal: 1998, 1999, 2000, 2004
- UEFA Champions League: 2000–01; Runner-up 1998–99
- Intercontinental Cup: 2001
- UEFA Super Cup Runner-up: 2001
- Roma
- Coppa Italia Runner-up: 2005–06
- FIFA U-17 World Championship: 1991; Runner-up 1993
- Summer Olympic Games: Bronze medal 1992
- FIFA U-20 World Cup: Runner-up 1993
- African Footballer of the Year Runner-up: 1999, 2001
- FIFA All-Star Defender
- Top 30 Best African Players of All-Time: Member[9]
- BBC's African Footballer of the Year: 2001[10]
- Ghana Footballer of the Year: 1998, 1999, 2001
- Youngest Olympic Football Champion of all-time (15 years, 11 months, 4 days)[11]
- Youngest defender of all-time to score in the UEFA Champions League: Bayern 2–2 Spartak Moscow, on 2 November 1994 (18 years, 61 days)
- Most appearances by an African player in the UEFA Champions League
- Ghana Athlete of the Year: 2001
Faith/Life after football[edit]
In 2003 Kuffour revealed to the BBC, in an interview for the 'Heart and Soul' documentary,[12] that he wanted to be a priest or a missionary when he retired from football. In the interview, he also spoke about the surprised reaction of some German players as he prayed before games, while also addressing the support he received from fellow Ghanaian Christians, especially those living in Munich.
In the same interview, Kuffour also talked about the death of his daughter Godiva, in a drowning accident in January that year. He explained that his Christian faith gave him the courage to face the future.
On 8 February 2015, Kuffour was shaved as he vowed on live TV within the Supersports studios following the Black Stars failure to win the AFCON 2015 as he predicted.[13][14]
- ^ "Kuffour gives Bayern World Club victory". BBC Sport. 27 November 2001. Retrieved 31 March 2012.
- ^ "Kuffour cries foul". BBC Sport. 18 April 2002. Retrieved 31 March 2012.
- ^ "UEFA: Competition Facts". UEFA.com.[dead link]
- ^ "Roma capture Kuffour". UEFA.com. 8 June 2005. Retrieved 31 March 2012.
- ^ Buckingham, Mark. "Black Cats snub Kuffour". Sporting Life. Retrieved 31 March 2012.
- ^ "Former Bayern star Kuffour retires from football". ESPN Soccernet. 10 September 2008. Retrieved 31 March 2012.
- ^ "Kuffour set to move to America?". Ghana Soccernet. 26 January 2009.[dead link]
- ^ "Sammy Kuffour finally joins Asante Kotoko". Ghana Web. 16 April 2009. Retrieved 31 March 2012.
- ^ "Top 30 Best African Players of All-Time". CAF Online.[dead link]
- ^ "Kuffour receives BBC award". BBC. 15 April 2002. Retrieved 31 March 2012.
- ^ "Matches, players, victories, goals". FIFA.com. 10 August 2004. Retrieved 31 March 2012.
- ^ "Ghanaian footballer Sammy Kuffour tells BBC he wants to be a priest". BBC. 10 April 2003. Retrieved 31 March 2012.
- ^ "Kuffour's hair shaved on live TV". http://allsports.com.gh. All Sports. Retrieved 9 February 2015.
- ^ Dovia, Selorm Yaw (8 February 2015). "Sammy Kuffour given clean shave on live tv". graphic.com.gh. Retrieved 9 February 2015.
External links[edit]
- Samuel Kuffour at fussballdaten.de (German)
- Samuel Kuffour at National-Football-Teams.com
- 2001 Intercontinental Cup gallery
- 1976 births
- Living people
- Ghanaian Christians
- Ghanaian footballers
- Association football defenders
- King Faisal Babes players
- Asante Kotoko F.C. players
- Bundesliga players
- 2. Bundesliga players
- FC Bayern Munich II players
- FC Bayern Munich footballers
- 1. FC Nürnberg players
- Serie A players
- A.S. Roma players
- A.S. Livorno Calcio players
- Eredivisie players
- AFC Ajax players
- Ghana international footballers
- 2006 FIFA World Cup players
- 1996 African Cup of Nations players
- 1998 African Cup of Nations players
- 2000 African Cup of Nations players
- 2002 African Cup of Nations players
- 2006 Africa Cup of Nations players
- Olympic footballers of Ghana
- Olympic bronze medalists for Ghana
- Footballers at the 1992 Summer Olympics
- Footballers at the 1996 Summer Olympics
- Olympic medalists in football
- Ghanaian expatriate footballers
- Expatriate footballers in Italy
- Expatriate footballers in Germany
- Expatriate footballers in the Netherlands
- Ghanaian expatriates in Italy
- Ghanaian expatriates in Germany
- Ghanaian expatriates in the Netherlands


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chlorine dosing Companies in Croatia
Gaffey Technical Services Ltd
based in Accrington, UNITED KINGDOM
Gaffey Technical Services Ltd, established in 1986, is a leading company in the field of commercial pool water treatment. A reputation of commitment to quality in both product and service to our clients has ensured a firm place in the market. A wide range of knowledge and experience of the latest technology demonstrates the commitment we have to our clients, enabling ...
Blue I Water Technologies
based in Rosh Ha`ayin, ISRAEL
Blue I Water Technologies provides innovative Water Quality Control systems for a wide range of municipal and industrial applications. Our mission is to provide accurate systems that offer unprecedented reliability, maintainability, and ease of use. Blue I has pioneered a new method of implementing colorimetric chlorine measurement that is reliable and simple to maintain ...
PreCom Water Technologies
based in UNITED KINGDOM
PreCom Water Technologies has a number of years experience in the design, installation and commissioning of water treatment systems. As every industry requires special design criteria and specifications, each of our systems are designed to meet the requirements of our customers production processes. We are able to provide you with total solutions for your water treatment ...
based in Saint Just Saint Rambert, FRANCE
EUROTAB TECHNOLOGIES manufactures high-compression rotary tablet presses and has expertise in multi-layer techniques. Our machines can put into tablet form products such as salt, chlorine, detergents, food & vegetable component or any other type of powder. Development of specific technologies of compression and assistance to the formulation. Presses for the transformation ...
Achromatic Limited
based in Stirlingshire, UNITED KINGDOM
Achromatic Limited is a specialist organization that offers substantial expertise in the areas of process monitoring and control systems. The company`s main areas of activities are in the water, wastewater and process water industries. The company is also active in gas analysis, detection and control systems and operates in many industries including water, oil & chemical ...
based in Kållered, SWEDEN
Supplier of environmentally related equipment to the shipping industry. Products of Oily Water Treatment focus on removing oil in water before being discharged in to the nature. The newly certified 15 ppm Bilge Water Separator, JOWA 3 Sep OWS is approved according to MEPC 107(49). JOWA AB is also one of the world`s largest supplier of Oil Discharge Monitoring and Control ...
EUWA H.H. Eumann GmbH
based in Gärtringen, GERMANY
EUWA H.H. Eumann GmbH is mainly involved in the field of fresh water treatment for the beverage industry and looks back to more than 40 years of experience in that field. EUWA water treatment plants are used around the world, guaranteeing a stable and good water quality.
Global Environmental Solutions Ltd. (GES)
based in ISRAEL, ISRAEL
GES is an international leader in the design and construction of Sea Water Desalination and industrial and municipal Water and Wastewater Treatment plants and facilities worldwide. With vast experience of over 30 years GES provides full scope of process engineering, construction and operation services to municipal and industrial customers around the world.
Aquaco Water Recycling Limited
based in East Peckham, UNITED KINGDOM
Aquaco designs and supplies grey water recycling and rainwater harvesting systems for residential homes, multi-residential, commercial and institutional applications.Aquaco also offers waste water treatment equipment for industrial applications.
Aqualogy UK
based in Bristol, UNITED KINGDOM
Aqualogy is the global technology and solutions division of Agbar, one of the world`s largest water and waste water management companies offering solutions spanning the entire water cycle. In the UK Aqualogy are dedicated to providing innovative water related products and services from around the world to utility, commercial and industrial customers. With a focus on ...


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"This Valentine's Day card was the perfect card to use for a pregnancy announcement! The quality of the card stock was 10x better than other purchases I've made from other retailers. The colors were also vibrant!"
"Gorgeous card! I think I should've limited what I wrote on the back though, so I could've written more to folks! Loved/Love the card!"
"The Tiny Prints designer was great about altering the template so that my picture worked with the LOVE and the other text. I have gotten lots of good comments back from people who received the card!"
"I absolutely LOVE this card! The card (Being three layers when folded) was a little thick for the 'Special' envelopes that were available to accommodate a square card without paying extra postage. I could barely get them into the envelopes, thankfully I only ordered 10 so it was not so bad."
"I used it as a Valentines Day catd with a picture of my family and I. I got so many compliments from friends and family."


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YIELD: Makes about 1 cup
Melt 1 tablespoon butter in a small saucepan over medium heat. Add shallots and a pinch of salt and pepper; stir to coat. Stir in vinegar, reduce heat to medium-low, and cook until vinegar is evaporated, 3-4 minutes. Reduce heat to low and continue cooking shallots, stirring frequently, until tender and translucent, about 5 minutes longer. Transfer shallot reduction to a small bowl and let cool completely.
Meanwhile, fill a blender with hot water to warm it; set aside. Melt remaining 1 cup butter in a small saucepan over medium heat until butter is foamy. Transfer butter to a measuring cup.
Drain blender and dry well. Combine egg yolks, lemon juice, and 1 tablespoon water in warm, dry blender. Purée mixture until smooth. Remove lid insert. With blender running, slowly pour in hot butter in a thin stream of droplets, discarding milk solids at bottom of measuring cup. Continue blending until a smooth, creamy sauce forms, 2-3 minutes. Pour sauce into a medium bowl. Stir in shallot reduction and tarragon and season to taste with salt, pepper, and more lemon juice, if desired. DO AHEAD: Can be made 1 hour ahead. Cover and let stand at room temperature.


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Participants at the Color Me Rad 5K run held at Rundle Park in Edmonton on July 3, 2015. Color Me Rad is loosely based on the Hindu Festival of Colors, otherwise known as Holi.
Great travel photos from around the world
In today's world of cruise ship travel, it is easy to forget how life-changing boarding a steamer once was.
The medieval Belgian town of Bruges attracts hordes of day-trippers, but don't let that keep you away. While the ultimate sight is the quaint town itself...
Belgium's vibrant capital has become even more interesting as the hub of the European Union.
Avoid the tourist traps and boring cities, and soak in the places that are worth the journey.


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Dell OptiPlex 755 SFF Core 2 Duo 4GB RAM 160GB HDD DVD-RW Windows 7 Professional Computer with Keybo - 755SFF160GB
|This Dell desktop computer is ready for use right out of the box. It has been refurbished by a Microsoft Registered Refurbisher. It contains a 160GB hard drive, 4GB of RAM, an Intel Core 2 Duo processor, a DVD-RW drive, and Windows 7 Professional Operating System (64-bit version). This unit comes with a keyboard and mouse. We offer a 1-year warranty for parts and labor only. Shipping charges are covered for any replacement unit or item within the first 45 days. After 45 days, customer is responsible for any return shipping charges.
Customer Reviews of Dell OptiPlex 755 SFF Core 2 Duo 4GB RAM 160GB HDD DVD-RW Windows 7 Professional Computer with Keybo
good conditions6/19/2013
good conditions
Excellent little machine12/11/2012
This is a great little business machine. Its small form makes it easy to fit under the monitor or anywhere on or around your workstation. It has a fast multi-core processor and plenty of memory for handling your business applications. The DVD-RW reads and writes both DVDs and CDs. It comes with Windows 7 Professional which will run any program you throw at it. It's very quiet and unobtrusive.


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Mr. Paper Bag Head Shia LaBeouf has yet another thing that he doesn't want to make him famous. This newly surfaced video show young Indiana Jones himself freestyle rapping with friends (we assume they are his friends).
It's yet another layer on the onion that is Shia. The young actor has already met with controversy, bad movies and yelling about dream realization. This is just one more side to him.
This weekend at CEO 2015, the fighting game tournament got a little intense. Not the actual gameplay, mind you, but the pre-show. Watch competitive player Kenneth "Stone Cold" "K-Brad" Bradley enter the, er, ring for an Ultimate Marvel vs Capcom 3 match. I kid you not, he knocks a dude out.
Another player, Dieminion, took a much stealthier approach to his entrance:
Dude's like a ninja!