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A method and system for integrating external functions into an application environment. The system includes an application environment, and a predetermined interface for communicating with an external function library. External functions offered by the external function library are integrated into the application environment such that they can be used in a formula as if they were native functions. According to another embodiment, an application environment is provided which implements pass by asynchronous-access-mechanism variables, and enables an external function to have access to a user interface object after the function has returned from an invocation.
1. A system for implementing an asynchronous access passing mechanism between a client and an external function, comprising:
a client operative to couple an access mechanism object with a user-interface object in an application program, and operative to pass to an external function a reference to the access mechanism object;
the client being operative to communicate events associated with the user-interface object to the access mechanism object, and operative to change a value of the user-interface object upon request from the access mechanism object;
the external function being operative to determine a first user-interface object value via the access mechanism object and being operative to indicate to the access mechanism object a second user-interface object value; and
the client being operative to determine the second user-interface object value from the access mechanism object and to reflect the second user-interface object value in the user-interface object coupled to the access mechanism object.
2. A system according to claim 1, further comprising the access mechanism object having a predetermined interface, and the client and the external function are operative to communicate with the access mechanism object via the predetermined interface.
3. A system according to claim 1, wherein the predetermined interface comprises an OLE interface.
4. A system according to claim 1, wherein the external function is operative to initiate a thread, the thread being operative to communicate with the access mechanism object.
5. A system according to claim 2, wherein the access mechanism object includes a scope indicator, and the external function is operative to determine the scope of the access mechanism object via the scope indicator.
This invention relates generally to application environments which include an application editing environment and an application execution environment, and more particularly relates to a method and system for integrating external functions, in a seamless manner, into such an application environment.
Graphical application environments are becoming increasingly popular. An application environment typically includes an editing environment, which is used to create and modify an application, and an execution environment, which is used to run the application created in the editing environment. Examples of graphical application environments include database application environments which are used to create and execute front-end applications for querying and/or updating a database, and forms application environments which are used to create and execute forms applications for inputting and outputting data.
To simplify the creation of the user interface of the application, application environments typically allow drag-and-drop selection of the various user interface components (sometimes referred to as "objects"), such as text fields, radio buttons and checkboxes. To implement functionality in the user interface, the application environment provides a formula command language. The application developer can write a formula with the formula command language and specify that when the application is running in the application execution environment, the formula be executed upon the occurrence of a certain event, such as when a particular field obtains focus, or loses focus. The formula command language typically has a relatively simple syntax, and frequently includes the ability to invoke functions which provide certain predefined functionality, such as, for example, a Logarithm function for calculating logarithms, or a StringCompare function for comparing two strings. Thus, the overall functionality provided by the command language is in part dependent upon the number and type of functions which can be invoked from a formula.
For example, a particular input field of an application may require a user to enter a valid date. The developer of the application can write a formula which will be executed when a user tabs out of (i.e., the cursor is moved from) the input field, and which determines whether the data entered by the user is a valid date. To determine if the data constitutes a valid date, the formula may invoke a date function which accepts a string in `mm/dd/yy` format, and which returns true if the string contains a valid date, and false if it does not. If the user-entered data is not a valid date, the formula could display a message, sound a beep, and/or prevent the user from leaving the input field.
Even from the relatively simple example presented, it is apparent that the variety and power of the functions which can be invoked in a formula play an important role in the overall functionality that an application can provide. Most application environments provide a predetermined set of functions for use in their environment (referred to herein as "native functions"), and additional functions are provided only when new versions of the application environment are released. The inability to easily integrate add-on functions to an existing release inhibits the vendor of the application environment and third-party providers from providing functions which can exploit niche markets, or meet new demands required by rapidly changing environments.
Although some application environments do allow invocation of functions which are external to the application environment, the external functions must be invoked in a manner which is different from invoking native functions, and the developer must understand and be aware of these differences, increasing the difficulty of using external functions. While application environments provide online help for native functions, such as a list of function arguments, no such help is provided for external functions. In general, there is no effort to integrate the external functions into the application environment such that they appear, to an application developer, to be native functions.
For example, in the NOVELL�INFORMS� forms application environment, a developer can invoke external functions, but InForms provides no mechanism for integrating an external function into the application environment such that the developer can determine the names of available external functions, the functionality which is provided, or the parameters which the function requires. Thus, to use an external function, the developer must know the name of the external function library, the name of the function, and the parameters required by the function.
Another disadvantage of conventional application environments is their inability to verify that a formula which invokes an external function is syntactically correct. Because the external functions are not integrated into the application environment, any calls to the external functions cannot be checked to ensure that the correct number and correct types of parameters are being passed. If the function call is not syntactically correct, the external function will not be able to provide the desired functionality, resulting in the application working incorrectly, or possibly even terminating unexpectedly when the function is invoked. The inability to verify, during development, that the call to the external function is syntactically correct can decrease a developer's desire to use external functions.
Yet another problem with the use of external functions in conventional application environments is that an external function can affect the value of a user interface object, such as a text field, only during the invocation of that function. That is, the data associated with a particular user interface object which are passed to a function can be changed by the function only during the invocation of the function, and once the function returns, the function can no longer affect the data. It would frequently be helpful if a developer could establish a continuous `binding` or `tie` between a user interface object and a particular function, such that the data associated with an object in the user interface could be continually monitored by the function.
It is apparent that an application environment that can integrate external functions into the environment such that they are as easy for a developer to use as are native functions, which can perform syntax checking of external function calls, and which can bind a user interface object to an external function even after a call to the external function has returned would be highly desirable.
It is one object of this invention to provide a method and system for integrating external functions into an application environment.
It is another object of this invention to provide an application environment which can syntax check calls to external functions.
It is yet another object of this invention to provide an application environment which, upon request, displays the function signature of external functions which have been integrated into the application environment.
It is still another object of this invention to provide a method and system which simplify the development of external functions for use in an application environment.
It is still another object of this invention to provide an application environment which, upon request, can provide help information about external functions which have been integrated into the application environment.
It is yet another object of this invention to provide a method and system for binding a user interface object to an external function for a period of time greater than the function invocation call.
Additional objects, advantages and other novel features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description that follows and, in part, will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon examination of the invention.
To achieve the foregoing and other objects and in accordance with the purposes of the present invention as described above, a method and system are provided for integrating external functions into an application environment. The system includes a client module which has a predetermined interface and is operative to interact with one or more different external function modules which have the predetermined interface. The client module communicates with the external function module via the predetermined interface, and determines which external functions are provided by the external function module. The external function module communicates attributes of the functions, such as function prototypes of the available external functions, to the client module. The client module maintains the attributes in a symbol table for use in displaying function name and parameter information to a developer, and for syntax checking.
The client module is a component of an editing environment, and the editing environment is operative to communicate the attributes of the external functions in the symbol table, such as the function name, parameters and a brief description of the function, to a developer using the editing environment. From these displayed attributes, the developer can incorporate a call to an external function into a formula which is associated with a user interface component, or object, in the application being developed. Through the use of the function attributes in the symbol table, the editing environment can determine if the function invocation of the external function is syntactically correct. If the syntax of the function call is incorrect, for example, the wrong number or types of parameters are being passed to the external function, the editing environment can return a syntax error alerting the developer to the syntax problem.
According to one embodiment of this invention, the predetermined interface includes the external function module having a registration function which can be invoked by the client module. The client module passes an enumeration function to the registration function of the external function module. The external function module calls the enumeration function once for each external function offered by the external function module, and includes in the call function prototype information and short help information. The external function module also preferably has a help function which the client module can invoke upon request by a developer for help information regarding an external function. The help function can return information explaining the usage and providing examples of a particular external function offered by the external function module. The client module can display this information to a developer of the editing environment.
According to another embodiment of this invention, parameters to external functions can be defined as pass by asynchronous-access-mechanism (AAM). An AAM variable is used when an external function must have access to the variable even after the call to the external function has returned. An execution module of the application environment includes an Asynchronous Event Manager (AEM) which maintains AAM variables, and creates the binding between a particular user interface component, or object, and the respective external function. By binding the data in a user interface component to an AAM variable, the data can be continually updated without requiring interaction by the user.
The method and system according to this invention enable the integration of external functions into an application environment in a seamless manner such that the external functions appear to be native functions to the application environment. Thus, a vendor of an application environment can provide additional functions for use in the application environment without having to wait for a new release of the application environment. Third party developers can also enhance an application environment by providing packages of external functions to users of the application environment. New needs can be quickly met with new functions without having to wait for or rely upon the vendor of the application environment.
Still other objects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in this art from the following description wherein there is shown and described a preferred embodiment of this invention, simply by way of illustration, of one of the best modes contemplated for carrying out the invention. As will be realized, the invention is capable of other different obvious aspects all without departing from the invention. Accordingly, the drawings and description will be regarded as illustrative in nature and not as restrictive.
The accompanying drawings incorporated in and forming a part of the specification, illustrate several aspects of the present invention, and together with the description serve to explain the principals of the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a computer environment in which the present invention can be carried out;
FIG. 2 shows a window with several user interface components of an application developed in an application environment utilizing the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating various modules of an editing environment according to one embodiment of this invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow diagram illustrating a process for establishing the editing environment shown in FIG. 3, according to one embodiment of this invention;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating various modules of an execution environment according to one embodiment of this invention; and
FIGS. 6 and 7 are flow diagrams illustrating a process for executing a formula containing an external function according to one embodiment of this invention.
Reference will now be made in detail to preferred embodiments of the invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like numerals indicate the same elements throughout the views.
Referring to FIG. 1, the system and method of the present invention can be carried out on computer 20, which can comprise a conventional computer running a conventional operating system, such as MICROSOFT WINDOWS, OS/2, or UNIX, and having conventional components such as random access memory (RAM), one or more read-only memories (ROMs), and other components typically used in a conventional computer. Application environment 22 comprises an editing environment and an execution environment. Application 24 is an example of an application developed in application environment 22.
The method and system according to this invention can be embodied as an article of manufacture by configuring the method and system as a program on storage device 26, or other persistent storage media. According to another embodiment of this invention, the system is embodied as a special purpose apparatus by storing executable instructions suitable for carrying out the invention in a RAM or ROM, or a combination of both, in computer 20.
FIG. 2 shows the user interface of application 24. In the embodiment illustrated herein, application environment 22 is a forms generation application environment; however, it is apparent that the invention has utility in any type of application environment which offers a command, or scripting language which includes the ability to invoke functions. Examples of such application environments are NOVELL INFORMS, JETFORM's forms product, and SYMANTEC's FormFlow product.
Application 24 includes various user interface components, or objects, such as field 29 in which a user of application 24 enters a state code, and field 28 in which a user enters a phone number. As an example of the use of a function, a developer of application 24 can use the formula command language of application environment 22 to create a formula which, when executed, invokes a function which determines what postal code is associated with a particular address. The formula can be specified to be executed when field 29 loses focus (i.e., when the cursor leaves field 29), at which time a GetPostalCode function is invoked. The parameters passed to the GetPostalCode function can be the address data from field 27, the city data from field 31, and the state data from field 29. The GetPostalCode function could utilize this information and access a file, or database, containing postal codes sorted by street addresses. The GetPostalCode function could then return the appropriate postal code and insert the postal code in field 30. In practice, as the user tabs from field 29 to field 30, the postal code would immediately appear in field 30, eliminating the need for the user to enter the postal code, and eliminating the possibility that the user could enter the wrong postal code information. If no postal code is available for the given address, city, and state, the formula can display an error message indicating an error in a particular field.
Another example of the use of a function might be with respect to field 28, where the user of application 24 enters a phone number. The developer of application 24 could create and associate a formula with field 28 which invokes a ValidatePhoneNumber function when field 28 loses focus. The phone number the user entered in field 28 would be passed to the ValidatePhoneNumber function, which ensures that a 10 digit number was entered, and that the area code and exchange are valid. If any of these conditions are not met, an error can be returned and an error message can be displayed to the user.
It is apparent that the capability of a formula command language to invoke functions greatly enhances the functionality which can be provided by application 24, and that the number and variety of available functions can distinguish one application environment over another. Typically, when an application environment is released, it contains certain native functions which can be used in formulas. However, conventional application environments either do not allow additional (referred to herein as "external") functions to be used with the application environment, or only allow the use of such external functions in a very limited manner. For example, if application environment 22 did not contain a ValidatePhoneNumber function, and did not allow the use of external functions, a developer must either choose another application environment, or attempt to use the formula command language to implement rudimentary phone number validation functionality. Even in conventional application environments which do allow the invocation of external functions, the application environment does not integrate the external functions such that the developer can easily determine what external functions are available. Thus, the developer must be aware of what external functions are available and understand precisely how to invoke such external functions, without any help from the application environment.
Another significant problem associated with the lack of integration between an application environment and external functions is the inability of the application environment to syntax check calls to the external functions. Because the application environment is unaware of the number and types of parameters which the external function expects, it is unable to determine if a formula is invoking an external function properly. Thus, it is only during the actual execution of the formula, in the run-time execution environment, that any problems with the function invocation will be uncovered. Such run-time validation can result in erroneous data, and/or termination of the application.
The method and system according to one embodiment of this invention provides a mechanism for integrating external functions into an application environment such that the external functions appear as native functions. A developer can determine, in the application environment, what external functions are available, and the function prototype of each external function. Further, upon request, the application environment can return more detailed help information about the external functions. The application environment can also syntax check calls to the external functions, and notify the developer of any syntax problems.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating an editing environment according to one embodiment of this invention. A client module such as edit module 46 contains the functionality necessary to establish an editing environment in which an application, such as application 24, can be developed.
Window 60 shows an example of a user interface of the editing environment which a developer uses to develop an application, such as application 24. It is apparent that window 60 is a relatively simple example of a user interface in such an editing environment, and that the user interface of a full-featured editing environment would likely include multiple windows. According to one embodiment of this invention, to begin the integration of external functions into the editing environment, the developer first selects an Open External Function Library menu item (not shown) from File menu 60. Edit module 46 then scans the appropriate disk drive for external function modules, such as libraries, for example by searching for files with a particular extension such as ".dll". Edit module 46 presents to the developer a dialog box containing a list of the external function libraries it finds, and the developer can select one of the external function libraries in the list, such as external function library 50, via a user selection device, such as a mouse.
Although the external function module will be referred to as a library, such as a dynamic link library in the Microsoft Windows environment, it is apparent that the external function module could take any form which allows an external process, such as edit module 46, access to functions within the external function module at run-time.
To integrate the external functions of an external function library into the application environment, a predetermined interface exists between edit module 46 and external function library 50. The predetermined interface can comprise both edit module 46 and external function library 50 containing certain functions having predetermined function prototypes, or signatures, such that edit module 46 and external function library 50 can communicate with each other. According to one embodiment of this invention, the predetermined interface includes external function library 50 containing the following functions:
RegisterDLLFunctions--identifies external function library 50 as supporting the function registration protocol. This function, when invoked, communicates information about each external function it wishes to register by calling the EnumerateProc function, discussed below, which is passed as a parameter to RegisterDLLFunctions.
GetFunctionHelp--upon request, passes edit module 46 help information relating to a particular external function which can be displayed as part of the on-line help system of edit module 46. The name of the external function for which help is needed is passed as a parameter to GetFunctionHelp. Edit module 46 contains the following function for invocation by external function library 50.
EnumerateProc--invoked during registration by external function library 50 to provide information identifying the external functions offered by external function library 50. The information passed to edit module 46 identifies the external function library, and for each available external function specifies the function signature, or prototype (e.g. return type, calling convention, function name, parameter list and type information), as well as short form help information. Edit module 46 stores this information in symbol table 36, preserving the information for use in validating and executing calls by application 24 to the respective external functions.
An example of one syntax for passing the function signature of an external function to edit module 46 is to pass a string containing the function prototype information in the following format: (<return type>, <calling convention>, <function name>, (<parameter list>), <short help info>). For example, the string used to register an external function which obtains the current temperature may appear as "BOOL PASCAL GetCurrentTemp (AAMINTERFACE *paamTemp) Retrieves current temperature". The function signature information contained in this string will be parsed by edit module 46 and stored in symbol table 36. By parsing, it is meant that the various components of the string are separated from each other and stored in symbol table 36 for later use. For example, row 38 contains the symbol table information of the GetCurrentTemp function. Field 40 contains the name of the external function, field 41 contains the return type of the external function, field 42 contains a number which indicates the number of parameters required by the GetCurrentTemp function. Field 43 contains the only parameter required by the GetCurrentTemp function, a pointer to an integer. Field 44 contains short help information which can be displayed in window 60 to concisely describe the functionality provided by the GetCurrentTemp function.
According to another embodiment of this invention, a developer can request additional help information regarding a particular external function, such as by pressing the F1 function key while the name of the external function is highlighted. Edit module 46 can invoke GetFunctionHelp 58 in external function library 50 to obtain a detailed block of help information regarding the external information. This help information can then be displayed by edit module 46 to the developer.
After edit module 46 has parsed the strings containing the external function prototypes and loaded symbol table 36 with such information, edit module 46 preferably makes the names of the external functions available to the developer. For example, edit module 46 can add the names of the external functions to a function menu viewable by a developer using the editing environment. As seen in window 60, Function menu 62 contains a list of functions which are native to the application environment, such as the "COS" (cosine) and "LOG" (logarithm) functions, as well as the external functions which have been integrated into the application environment such as the "GetPostalCode" external function and the "GetCurrentTemp" external function. As a developer highlights a particular function name, such as at Function menu item 64, edit module 46 preferably displays the function prototype information and a brief description of the function in message area 66, allowing a developer to quickly ascertain what the function does, and what is required to invoke the function from a formula.
According to one embodiment of this invention, the allowable values for the various components of the function prototype information are as follows. <Return type> may be any base type in the C language, such as int, long, char, float, and double. The <calling convention> may be either PASCAL or CDECL. The <function name> is the name of the external function being called. External functions are preferably not compiled as C++ entry points, since this would make referencing a function by name impossible across compiler implementations. The <parameter list> can be C base types. Arguments can be passed by value, by reference, or by asynchronous access mechanism (AAM). Passing by AAM will be discussed in greater detail below.
Referring now to FIG. 4, a method for integrating external functions into an application environment according to one embodiment of this invention is disclosed. FIG. 4 will be described with reference to FIG. 3 for purposes of clarity. At block 82, a developer selects a particular external function library to be integrated into the editing environment. At block 84, edit module 46 initiates the requested external function library, such as external function library 50, through the use of a system command suitable for invoking a library, such as the LoadLibrary function. At block 86, edit module 46 determines whether external function library 50 contains the RegisterDLLFunctions function. This can be determined through the use of a system function such as GetProcAddress. At block 88, if edit module 46 determines that the external function library does not contain the RegisterDLLFunctions function, then edit module 46 determines that this is not a suitable external function library and at block 89 stops.
According to one embodiment of this invention, even if the external function library does not contain a RegisterDLLFunctions function, a developer can still write formulas using functions from the external function library, but no syntax checking will be performed, nor will the pass-by-AAM mechanism be available. If the address to the RegisterDLLFunctions function was obtained, then at block 90, edit module 46 invokes RegisterDLLFunctions function 52 and passes to RegisterDLLFunctions function 52 a function pointer to the EnumerateProc function 48. At block 92, external function library 50 invokes EnumerateProc function 48 once for each external function contained in external function library 50. For each external function to be registered, RegisterDLLFunctions function 52 passes a string describing the function prototype of the respective external function. At block 94, edit module 46 parses the function prototype string and builds the respective entry in symbol table 36. At block 96, edit module 46 enters the name of the registered external function in Function menu 62 so the information relating to the registered external function can be easily accessed by a developer.
Although a particular predetermined interface between edit module 46 and external function library 50 has been discussed for purposes of illustration, it is apparent that the interface could differ substantially from the interface shown, and remain within the scope of the present invention. Suitable interfaces include those which enable edit module 46 and external function library 50 to communicate the relevant external function prototype information between the two modules.
The editing environment discussed above is used by a developer to create and/or modify an application, such as application 24. To run application 24, an execution environment is necessary which interprets the formulas in application 24 and invokes the appropriate functions, both native and external, and creates the binding between a particular user interface component, or object, in application 24 with a respective call to an external function. FIG. 5 shows an execution environment according to one embodiment of this invention. A client module such as execution module 72 is responsible for interpreting and executing the formulas associated with various objects in application 24. Although edit module 46 is shown in FIGS. 3 and 5 as being a different module from execution module 72, it is apparent that a single client module could provide functionality provided by the individual edit and execution modules 46, 72. When a user runs application 24, execution module 72 invokes the appropriate formulas associated with application 24 at the appropriate time. For example, a formula can be associated with a particular field such as field 28 such that when a user tabs from field 28 to field 33, a formula containing calls to native and/or external functions is executed to verify or validate the data contained within field 28.
The data in a particular user interface component, or object, such as field 28, can be passed as a parameter to a native or external function. Execution module 72 handles not only the interpretation and execution of formulas, and the invocation of functions within the formulas, but also binds any user interface objects used in a function call to the data returned by the function. In other words, execution module 72 will pass the data contained in a user interface object to a function, and after the function returns, compare the data that was returned by the function to the data that was passed to the function. If the data has changed, execution module 72 will update the user interface object with the new data. According to one embodiment of this invention, execution module 72 supports pass-by-value parameters, pass-by-reference parameters, and pass-by-asynchronous access mechanism (AAM) variables. Pass-by-value and pass-by-reference parameters are well known to those skilled in the art, as are methods to implement such variables in an application environment. In most programming languages, an invocation of a function can affect a variable passed to that function only during the life of the function call. A pass-by-AAM mechanism allows a user interface component, such as temperature field 120, to be exposed to an external function even after the external function has returned.
In order to implement pass-by-AAM variables, the application environment and external function must support a pass-by-AAM mechanism. According to one embodiment of this invention, execution module 72 achieves a pass-by-AAM mechanism with an asynchronous event manager (AEM). A parameter to an external function can be denoted as a pass-by-AAM variable, for example, by prefixing the variable with special characters, such as "&". For each pass-by-AAM variable, asynchronous event manager 76 instantiates an access mechanism object, such as access object 102. According to one embodiment of this invention, access object 102 preferably is a separate library, such as a dynamic link library (DLL). Access object 102 preferably contains six functions, or methods, as set forth below.
SetValue--this method is invoked by external function thread 118 and accepts a pointer to the value to be stored in the application interface object. The value is communicated by this method to execution module 72 via asynchronous event manager 76. Execution module 72 compares the value to the existing value in the object, and if different, updates the object with the new value.
GetValue--this method is invoked by external function thread 118 and returns a pointer to the value currently in the application interface object. This value is preferably cached in the AAM, with update operations being handled by the AEM managing this AAM.
GetScope--this methods is invoked by external function thread 118 and returns a BOOLEAN flag indicating whether or not the application interface object is still "in scope" and available for operation. If the application interface object is not in scope, external function thread 118 will release its hold on this AAM.
SetScope--this method is called by execution module 72 to maintain the scope of the application object. The scope can be set to TRUE or FALSE. Setting the scope to FALSE does not cause the AAM to clean up or unload, nor does it affect the reference count of the AAM. It does cause the AAM to return "out of scope" errors on methods invoked while the scope flag is FALSE.
HoldObject--this method is called by both execution module 72 and external function thread 118 to register themselves as requiring the services of the AAM.
ReleaseObject--this method is called by both execution module 72 and external function thread 118 to unregister their interest in the AAM. When the AAM's reference count reaches zero it may unload itself. Calling ReleaseObject also causes the scope flag to be set to FALSE.
For each pass-by-AAM parameter, execution module 72 passes to the external function a pointer to an AAMINTERFACE object. The precise mechanism for implementing an AAMINTERFACE object can differ across implementations, but, for example, can comprise a class definition with overloaded GetValue and SetValue methods for each type of variable supported, or can be a COM object with an OLE interface, and the GetValue and SetValue methods would interact with the OLE variant data type. OLE technology is known to those skilled in the art, and is described in detail in Inside OLE, second edition, by Kraig Brockschmidt, available from Microsoft Press, which is hereby incorporated herein by reference. For each pass-by-AAM parameter, external function library 50 preferably initiates a separate external function thread such as external function thread 118, which can communicate through method invocation with access object 102. In this way, even after the external function has returned, external function thread 118 maintains the ability to update the interface object in application 24 through access object 102.
An example can be described with reference to temperature field 120. To enable application 24 to continually display the current temperature in application 24, a developer could invoke GetCurrentTemp 54 with a pass-by-AAM variable which is associated with temperature field 120. Upon determining that the variable is a pass-by-AAM variable, asynchronous event manager 76 instantiates access object 102. Execution module 72 invokes the GetCurrentTemp function 54 in external function library 50, passing a pointer to an AAMINTERFACE object. GetCurrentTemp function 54 processes an external function thread 118 and returns. External function thread 118 can be run-time bound to access object 102 in various ways, such as via the Object Linking Embedding (OLE) binary standard. Access object 102 can be implemented as a COM object, for example.
External function thread 118 invokes SetValue method 104 and GetValue method 106 to set and retrieve, respectively, the value associated with field 120 in application 24. External function thread 118 calls GetScope method 108 to determine whether text field 120 is still "in scope". According to another embodiment of this invention, instead of using a GetScope method, GetValue method 106 and SetValue method 104 return status codes indicating whether or not text field 120 is in scope. If text field 120 is not in scope, external function thread 118 does not otherwise interact with access object 102.
FIGS. 6 and 7 are flow diagrams illustrating the process by which execution module 72 interacts with external function library 50 and application 24, according to one embodiment of this invention. At block 126, execution module 72 executes a formula associated with field 120. At block 128 execution module 72 determines that the formula includes a call to GetCurrentTemp function 54 in external function library 50. At block 130, execution module 72 initiates external function library 50, whose name was stored as part of the formula by edit module 46, and at block 132 external module 72 attempts to obtain the address of GetCurrentTemp function 54. Obtaining a function address can be achieved through the use of conventional operating system functions, such as GetProcAddress, or other suitable system calls.
At block 134 execution module 72 builds the parameter list required for the call to GetCurrentTemp function 54, and sets up the stack in preparation for invoking GetCurrentTemp function 54. Because execution module 72 interprets formulas, the stack must be prepared dynamically prior to invoking GetCurrentTemp function 54, as is necessary with other interpretive languages. Mechanisms for preparing a stack at run time typically involve invoking a function written in assembly language which can manipulate a program's stack in preparation for a function call. Such functions and mechanisms for run-time manipulation of a stack are known to those skilled in the art. At block 136 execution module 72 determines whether any of the parameters passed to GetCurrentTemp 54 are pass-by-AAM parameters. If not, then at block 138 execution module 72 invokes the external function. At block 140 the external function returns and execution module 72 determines which parameters passed to the external function have changed, and updates the appropriate user interface objects in application 24 with any changed values. At block 144 execution module 72 frees any memory required to invoke the external function.
If, at block 136, a parameter is being passed-by-AAM, then at block 150 execution module 72 instantiates an access object, such as access object 102, for each pass-by-AAM parameter. At block 152, execution module 72 invokes GetCurrentTemp function 54. GetCurrentTemp function 54 executes and initiates a separate command thread, such as external function thread 118 to interface with access object 102. At block 156, GetCurrentTemp function 54 executes and returns. At block 158, execution module 72 determines which parameters have changed and updates the appropriate user interface objects, such as field 120, with the changed parameter. Even though GetCurrentTemp function 54 has returned, field 120 can still be updated and otherwise manipulated by external function thread 118 via access object 102 and asynchronous event manager 76. This allows an external function to be bound to an interface object in application 24 for the life of the interface object, rather than only during the life of the function invocation. At block 160, external function thread 118 communicates with asynchronous event manager 76 via access object 102. To change a value of text field 120, external function thread 118 invokes SetValue method 104. SetValue method 104 can then invoke one or more functions in asynchronous event manager 76 to notify it that external function thread 118 changed the value of text field 120. Asynchronous event manager 76 can then invoke GetValue method 106 to retrieve the updated value, and at block 162 changes field 120 with the new value. At block 164 execution module 72 invokes ReleaseObject method 114 to indicate that AEM 76 no longer requires access object 102. External function thread 118 likewise invokes ReleaseObject method 114 and access object 102 can terminate.
The foregoing description of a preferred embodiment of the invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed. Obvious modifications or variations are possible in light of the above teachings. The embodiment was chosen and described in order to best illustrate the principals of the invention and its practical application to thereby enable one of ordinary skill in the art to best utilize the invention in various embodiments and with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims appended hereto.
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Project Runway News
On episode 11 of Project Runway , the designers had to pair up to create three separate but cohesive looks made from items in storage units. Here are my rankings for all of the individual looks from last night. Don? More »
In episode ten of Project Runway , the designers had to find a stranger on in Washington Park to be their model/client/muse for a makeover challenge. While on the whole I think the designers had an underwhelming sho More »
In episode nine of Project Runway , the designers had to use American Girl dolls as inspiration to create a look for a fashionable and modern young girl. This challenge was so much fun and there were a lot of happy More »
From the producers of Project Runway, skilled teen and tween fashion designers will showcase their gift for style in the new competition series Project Runway: Threads. Read More... http://feedproxy.google.com/~ More »
It's that time of year again time to check out the Project Runway finale collections at Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week and guess which ones are finalists, which ones are decoys, and who will be named the winner. Project More »
Baubles and bling help inspire the designers in a couture challenge. Read More... http://tvrecaps.ew.com/recap/project-runway-season-13-episode-7/
In episode seven of Project Runway , the designers had to create a look to showcase valuable diamond pieces. While overall there were a lot of good designs, some were hardly worthy of their accompanying bling. Here More »
When you put 15-plus outsized personalities in close quarters and have them compete against one another, you're guaranteed some conflict -- it's a tried and true reality TV formula. But after a few boring seasons, i More »
On episode six of Project Runway , the designers had to work in pairs to create an alternative wedding dress and a look for the same bride for the reception. The looks had to be cohesive and fashion forward, but of More »
On episode five of Project Runway , the designers had to create a look for Heidi to wear at the 2014 Creative Arts Emmys. Some of the red carpet looks the designers had planned were so bad, Heidi gave them another c More »

subset: commoncrawl


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CorpCast Episode 7: Better Know a Judge: the Honorable Mary M. Johnston of the Delaware Superior Court
CorpCast Episode 4: Better Know a Judge: Vice Chancellor J. Travis Laster of the Delaware Court of Chancery
CorpCast Episode 3: Preview of Business Divorce CLE at 2015 ABA Business Law Section Spring Meeting
Insights and Strategies on Class Action Litigation from General Counsel and Chief Legal Officers
CorpCast Episode 1: Sections, 204, 205 and In re Numoda
Uncovering the "Why" in FCPA Compliance Issues
SullCrom Sees Litigation Boom Despite Waning Credit Crisis
Karl Rove's Efforts to "Buy" Courts Harmed America, Says Legendary Attorney
How Did The NFL Get This So Wrong?
Recognition of Foreign Judgments in the United States (VIDEO)
Blecker: GM Recalls Show Need for Harsher Penalties for "Red Collar" Criminals
Polsinelli Podcasts - Be Careful What you Put in Writing - What Companies Need to Know About Document Retention
An Overview of the 2014 Class Action Survey
Two-Pronged Approach to Defending Lawsuits – Interview with Dominic Picca, Member, Mintz Levin
Class Action Trends – Interview with Stephen Gulotta, Managing Member, Mintz Levin's New York Office
Bill on Bankruptcy: Detroit Judge Might Lose Grip on the Case
Class Action Litigation Reform – Interview with Dan Pascucci, Member, Mintz Levin
Spitzer "Disappointed" in Wall Street's Regulators
Unique Privacy Concerns for Mobile Apps
Common Employment Law Mistakes for Small, Start-Up and Growing Companies
Next week the California Supreme Court will hear argument in Fluor Corporation v. Superior Court, a case which raises (again) the question whether an insurer must provide coverage for third party claims arising from injuries...more
The Florida Supreme Court has accepted for review a First District decision holding that Florida's state insurer of last resort, Citizens Property Insurance Corporation, is not immune from a statutory bad faith failure to...more
In Patel v. American Economy Ins. Co., — F. Supp. 2d. —, 2014 WL 1862211 (N.D. Cal. May 8, 2014), the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California granted the insurer's motion for partial summary judgment,...more
Two recent New York federal court decisions – 433 Main Street Realty, et al. v. Darwin National Assurance Co., No. 14-cv-587 (NGG) (VMS) (E.D.N.Y. Apr. 22, 2014) and County of Orange v. The Travelers Indemnity Co. No....more
Honesdale Volunteer Ambulance Corp. Inc. v. Am. Alternative Ins. Corp., CIV.A. 3:11-1488, 2014 WL 1203317 (M.D. Pa. Mar. 24, 2014) -
Middle District of Pennsylvania grants summary judgment on bad faith claim where...more
In June 2013, the Governor of Oregon signed into law Senate Bill 814, which created sweeping reforms on environmental claims handling regulations and available remedies for insureds facing liability for cleanup of...more
As a secured lender, you take a security interest in your borrower's inventory and/or equipment and then perfect under applicable law. To further protect the value of the collateral supporting your loan, you confirm your...more
Sellers of existing residential property are required by California law to make various disclosures to a prospective buyer. [See generally Disclosures In Real Property Transactions, published by the California Department of...more
If a party in litigation has a default judgment entered against it, can its insurance company still file a motion to intervene and use the same defenses that would have been available to the insured if not procedurally barred...more
Policyholders in New York and New Jersey presently have no private right of action against insurance companies for alleged violations of each state's respective statutory claim handling guidelines – New York's Unfair Claim...more
The United States District Court for the Western District of Texas in Austin recently held that an insurer's timely payment of an appraisal award bars the insured's extra-contractual tort claims. Michels v. Safeco Ins. Co. of...more
On January 29, 2013, the Maryland Court of Appeals issued a decision that your title company can now be sued for negligent title searching, and for preparation of an incorrect or incomplete title commitment. This duty of...more
Does a title company owe a tort duty of care to its customer when conducting a title search? And, if such a duty exists and is breached, is a title insurance company vicariously liable for the title company's negligent title...more
The California Supreme Court recently ruled, in a case involving environmental damage at a State controlled waste site, that multiple insurers, who provided coverage to the State at different periods between 1964-1976, are...more
In PPI Technology Services, LP v. Liberty Mut. Ins. Co., 2012 WL 130389 (S.D. Tex. Jan. 17, 2012), the Southern District of Texas held that there was no "occurrence" of covered "property damage" arising from underlying claims...more
Capital Finance is very pleased to announce that Terry S. Kaplan, Esq. has become associated with our firm as a consulting expert witness specializing in Financial Institution Bond, Title Insurance and Escrow litigation...more
The Michigan Supreme Court heard oral argument to consider whether MCL 600.5839, the statute of repose, for "any action" against architects, engineers, or contractors to recover damages for "any injury to...more
Proper procedures and checks to ensure you maintain corporate formalities can help prevent anyone from "piercing the corporate veil" and suing you individually....more
An appropriate review of your construction and business insurance policies can minimize your risk in the event of a lawsuit....more
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1908-D $10 No Motto MS66 PCGS. CAC....
2009 April-May Cincinnati, OH (CSNS) US Coin Auction #1124
|Sold for:
|Not Sold
|Auction Ended On:
|Apr 30, 2009
|Item Activity:
5 Internet/mail/phone bidders
501 page views
Duke Energy Center
|Printable auction results for all items in the 2009 April-May Cincinnati, OH (CSNS) US Coin Auction.
The 1908-D No Motto, however, is much more challenging in higher grades. Garrett and Guth comment in their Encyclopedia of U.S. Gold Coins: "This issue is within the top third of the most difficult dates to obtain in gem grades. Most of the original mintage did not survive in high grade, and the novelty of the new design had worn off, so few were saved."
The two authors also note that the issue is underrated, stating that it "does not command the respect it deserves." They suggest that since most of the known Mint State survivors are poorly struck with subpar luster, even the finer examples suffer. The present Premium Gem deserves better. Though the hair over Liberty's ear is a trifle softly defined, the detail on the eagle's feathers is sharp. Generally wheat-gold surfaces have warm and inviting luster with hints of peach and orange at the margins. A single graze is noted on Liberty's cheek and a planchet flaw follows the lower left obverse rim, but neither of these flaws unduly influences the top-notch eye appeal. Population: 5 in 66, 0 finer (3/09).(Registry values: N10218) (NGC ID# 28GH, PCGS# 8854)
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Service and Handling Description: Coins & Currency (view shipping information)
Sales Tax information | PCGS Guarantee of Grade and Authenticity | Terms and Conditions
Revised Edition by James L. Halperin, Mark R. Borckardt, Mark Van Winkle, Jon Amato, and Gregory J. Rohan, with special contributor David W. Akers
The Coinage of Augustus Saint-Gaudens is an issue-by-issue examination of these two artistically inspired series of gold coins.
Each date and mintmark is reviewed with up-to-date information, much of which has never been previously published. The book is based on
two extraordinary collections: The Phillip H. Morse collection and the Dr. and Mrs. Steven L. Duckor collection.
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Made this image in photoshop. This is the ultimate developer/programmer truth.
Interrupt with care..
This Is Why You Shouldn't Interrupt a Programmer – The Slightly Disgruntled Scientist
Since @kevin_rudds_cat suggested it, I also made a two-column A4 sized PDF version. Update: So after being retweeted several hundred times and being …
Source: This Is Why You Shouldn't Interrupt a Programmer – The Slightly Disgruntled Scientist
What if I want to make a game? Where to find game assets
HTML5 is the perfect technology if you want to make a game and today we will tell you where to find the best game assets!
Source: What if I want to make a game? Where to find game assets
Unity Focus: Remastering République with Unity 5 | Game Development Tools & Tech | Develop
Guides to game development tools and technology
Source: Unity Focus: Remastering République with Unity 5 | Game Development Tools & Tech | Develop
The sinking of the Titanic. A Unity 5 Experience.
This is something I put together to see if I could create an experience of being on board the RMS Titanic. I created this to coincide with 103rd anniversary of the Titanic disaster.
Here's a video of the experience:
This is all Unity 5, with realtime global illumination (GI). This was pretty tricky because I wanted the ship to eventually sink and go beneath the water, but with pre-calculated indirect GI, it was impossible to move the ship into the water. So what I did, was move the water, onto the ship! The result is very effective.
Try it out for yourself! can you survive the sinking? Check it out here. This is the Unity webplayer, not WebGL. The WebGL version is coming soon.
Unity 5 – Global Illumination & Reflection Tutorial
Unity 5 – Realistic Lighting Demo Scene
A War Photographer Embeds Himself Inside a Video Game
The Last of Us Remastered is a post-apocalyptic video game released earlier this year on PlayStation 4 with an in-game Photo Mode, which freezes the game and lets players shoot, edit and share photographs of their achievements. TIME assigned conflict photographer Ashley Gilbertson to use the Photo Mode to document the game's protagonists as they […]
The Midway Oasis – Oculus Rift VR Game
My Oculus Rift DK2 arrived recently, and so I had to dive in and create something. I ended up creating this strange sort of surreal and dreamlike island – which, as it turns out, is a sort of purgatory that you must escape.
The game is called "The Midway Oasis". It takes place on a strange island, that has more to it than meets the eye.
Here's a link to the app on the Oculus VR showcase (where you can download and try it out):
Look around to move the aim sphere – this is where you'll go to when you press the SpaceBar.
The sphere must be green to travel to it. If it's red, it means its too far away, or on an inverted steep surface.
To avoid having to turn your head 180 degrees, you can press the Left and Right Arrows to turn your body 90 degrees.
Pick up the dream spheres by going close enough to them that the aim sphere turns light blue.
The Midway Oasis is a mystifying experience. At its core, this is an exploration game, where you must arrive at a seemingly abandoned island in the middle of nowhere, with towering rocks, massive floating towers, rickety buildings, narrow bridges supported by splintered beams, and hints of an ancient presence. But what is this place?
Welcome to the Midway Oasis, lost wanderer.
As you have washed up here, you have clearly had a turn of fortune. For better, and for worse.
Undoubtedly, you have no recollection of your journey here. You just know that you are here, and not much else.
This island does that do you.
Others have come before you, having cast their dreams upon these shores.
And they have found the way home.
They have left behind their dreams for you to find.
If you seek redemption, you must find all the dream spheres, whereby the exit portal at the peak of the Great Tower will open.
Listen to the wind.
It whispers an ancient tale.
You will not be judged harshly, for you have been compassionate when those around you were lost in their own darkness.
They will follow you home.
ExtroForge – Indie Game
So, after years of doing freelance development for a countless number of clients, I've finally decided to put a team together to produce something of my own. I'm proud do announce that development of the game "ExtroForge" is underway.
Extroforge is a game in very early development, in which you create a base, fortress or city, build vehicles, and then take them into battle against other players. Up to 32 players can play, on 2 teams. Once the game begins, the race is on to secure resources, find a home for your base and begin building. As you refine your resources, you build greater and more complex structures, and eventually vehicles that you can use to explore the world, and ride into battle.
A complete game, or round, will take anywhere from 10 minutes, to 2 hours to completely play out. Think of combining MineCraft, PlanetSide, and an RTS game like Command & Conquer, and you'll have a good idea of what Extroforge feels like.


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The UK's fastest-growing regional news network
See the full forecast for your area.
Sponsored by Britelite.
Home Deal Sport Article
Dover boss Chris Kinnear is trying to eradicate the Crabble fear factor after Bishop's Stortford became the latest side to inflict a home defeat on Whites.
Whites led 2-0 at half-time but went down 3-2 on Saturday to suffer their six defeat in 10 home Skrill South games.
Kinnear said: "It's disappointing. In the first half we played out of our skins and we looked all right for five or six minutes in the second half. But once they got one goal, the team went into panic mode and it's hard to stop that.
"We had several chances and we pulled them apart but it changed at 2-0. They slung an extra man up front and gambled.The lads were gutted after. There was only one side in it (in the first half) but it was one of those where a little bit of fear crept in."
He added: "Over the last three years, it's been hard at home and we've got to solve that. It's been the same for the last three or four managers.
"There shouldn't be (fear for the players) but possibly there is. We've got to solve that and learn to kill games off. We needed to be a bit boring and win 2-0 on Saturday but we were still pushing forward and they hit us on the break."
Dover still aren't halfway through their league fixtures, so the four points separating them from the Skrill South play-offs doesn't worry Kinnear.
He said: "I think it will change a lot. We've had a good season and we've played a lot of games already, so we've got to be careful we don't over-react."
Click here for more sport from Deal.
Click here for more news from around the county.


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NEW!Now you can comment & reply on customer reviews. Simply click "comment" below any review.
Overall great
I went swimming for the first time in 7 years the other day and had a great time. It wasn't perfect--the cords to attach the shirt to the pants were kind of long and there wasn't anyway to shorten them except to tie a knot in them. Even then the shirt would go up a bit if I was just standing in the water. And the hood seemed a bit big in the back, I guess to accommodate those of us with a lot of hair. Still, like I said, it enabled me to swim for the first time in ages, and that was great!
Pikesville, MD
Size: Feels true to size
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Great for the No-Sun bathers
I use my new modest swim suit to swim in an outdoor pool. I bought it because I need to keep my skin protected from the sun and this suit is perfect for that. The suit fits me really tight, but I decided that if I wore a regular suit no one would be fooled about my size, so I just went for it. I don't swim, I do water exercise with foam dumb bells. There is no "drag" in the pool for what I do and it actually fits pretty well. It is very well made and the material is nice and thick. I recommend it with the slight reservation that mine is really snug so I would say it fits a little small. But the fabric stretches and covers me completely!! Yippee!
Marcia M.
Stone Mountain, GA
Size: Feels too small
swim suit
Asalamu alaykum,This was wonderful. I especially liked and APPRECIATED the side clips so the top doesn't slip up and the pull string across the ankles so keep everything where it's supposed to be.
I want to wear all day long!
Wear this to have a relaxing day at the beach, poolside or at a waterpark. Will keep you modest and prevent sun-burn. This is super comfy, dries fast and looks athletic. Fit is loose and modest, this hood doesn't give you a headache like some out there, but can fall back during rigorous exercise.
Excellent material; Light, Comfortable, Does not cling, Dries fast!I am 5'' 3" and 150 lb. I ordered a medium. The measurements are very true to the measurements on the size chart on the Alsharifa site.The Medium fit me well but I found the top too long & had to cut it shortI really liked the fitting & cut of Sportivia and Malibu, but their hoods were too tight Laguna's hood is very comfortable.Overall an excellent product It is modest & smart & I feel comfortable wearing it in public.
loved it
I really liked it, I liked the material and the clips on the pants to keep the long blouse in its place.I founded my size in Alsharifa website to make sure it fits right.Tried it in water it work great. But you have to remember not to dry it in the dryer it will stretch
Jacksonville, FlL
exactly as expected
im happy with my purchase . it fits exactly as the picture shows. the only reason i give 4 not 5 stars is the top pull up when im in water so i need to keep push it down
new jersy
OMG, how COMFORTABLE!!!!!!!!
I had been putting off swimming because of many reasons. This suit fixes all those reasons. First, the black part of the hood acts like sunglasses. You can see through it but the sun's rays don't damage the skin (I have a spot on my cheek they are checking for melanoma and can't have the sun on my face.) Second, I have a strange body shape because I had a double mastectomy and have large thighs that make it hard to put on a regular suit . This fixes that problem. Third, I am unable to pull a regular suit off my skin after it is wet. This, I bought big enough so that it just basically falls off when I want it to. There are tags at the sides of the suit to connect the top and bottom so it doesn't fall off in the water. I also have diabetic arm and leg sores that are not contagious, but this suit covers them, so I don't have to worry about other people's reactions to my diabetic looking skin (lymph filled bumps). Because I am now also temperature sensitive, this suit also acts sort of like a wet suit, kind of, keeping in my own heat when it feels like the water may be getting a bit cools. The only thing I will need to fix with my sewing machine is the arm and leg length. I am only 5 foot 9 inches, and this, of course, is for a much taller person.
Karen Chaya
Riverside, CA
Alsharifa makes the best swimsuits
I normally wear an extra large, but I buy 2x for the extra modesty. My 2x Alsharifa Laguna Swimsuit provided a comfortable fit. It dries fast and upon getting out of the water, you will get the intial cling of the pants & the it quickly falls away. My second Alsharifa swimsuit and I would definitely reccomend to all!
Modest swimwear
Tight around the neck, otherwise it's beautiful. Love the coverage.
Bathing Beauty 😉
Pittsburgh PA
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Located in Canton Michigan, Alsharifa™ swimwear is a one-stop destination for fashionable modest clothing. With shipping all across the world, Alsharifa's wide customer base translates into a broad range of designs, prints, and cuts. This includes Islamic swimwear, accessories, hijabs, and more.
Alsharifa's mission is to bring its customers the best value on swimwear and other modest clothing lines. Double paneled tops, invisible zippers, and internal drawcords prevent the suit from riding up in the water. And its unique swimwear material does not cling to the wearer's skin, even when wet. These features and more are designed to give the customer the maximum security when wearing modest swimwear. So she feels comfortable in and out of the water.


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College Photos
Manziel injured, returns as A&M upset; Baylor, Tech still unbeaten; SMU wins, TCU falls
Photo: Soobum Im/Soobum Im-USA TODAY Sports
Auburn 45, Texas A&M 41: Johnny Manziel went down with an injury for the second game in a row. Playing through pain, Manziel returned and nearly pulled off another remarkable rescue. The loss showed just how vulnerable A&M's defense is against the run. Auburn rushed 60 times for 379 yards and added 236 yards passing. The loss overshadowed huge games by Manziel (506 total yards, 5 TDs) and Aggies receiver Mike Evans (11 catches for 287 yards and 4 TDs).
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does it malfunction only with one mag or does it do it for all of them? also you could drop an email to s&w. I'm sure they'll have a fix for you. aj b
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Showing Suppliers 1 - 4 of 4
Grainger Industrial Supply (305 Products)
Address: 425 Warren Ave. Branch 616, Portland, ME
Business Type: Distributor
Description: Grainger helps customers save time and money by providing them the right products to keep their facilities up and running. Grainger's customers are 2.0 million businesses and institutions in 157 countries. While each customer has a unique facility to operate and a different problem to solve, our... (more)
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Address: 1000 Riverside Street, Portland, ME
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Carnival Capers
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This page has been viewed 28 times this month, and 890 times total.
Carnival CapersCarnival Capers (1932) - Oswald the Lucky Rabbit Theatrical Cartoon Series
This page has been viewed 28 times this month, and 890 times total.
- Oswald the Lucky Rabbit Theatrical Cartoon Series
- Walter Lantz Productions
- Distributed by: Universal Pictures
- Cartoon Characters: Oswald the Lucky Rabbit, Unamed girlfriend, Peg Leg Bully.
- Originally Released in 1932.
- Black & White
Cartoon Summary:
Oswald and his girl enjoy the carnival, but a bully tries to spoil their fun.
Submit Additional Information:
Do you have anything to add to this page? Have we made any mistakes... or do you ahve any additional information about Carnival Capers? If so, we would love to hear from you. Please send us a quick note with your additions or corrections to this page, and we will make the corrections as soon as possible!Report Errors / Submit Additional Information
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Much Delayed Southern Pacific Brewing Company Hosting Two New Year's Preview Parties
The Mission brewpub is going to fully open by late January, finger crossed.
The Mission brewpub is going to fully open by late January, finger crossed.
See a slideshow of the final dinner in the series, cooked by chef Christopher Kostow.
Both restaurants are borrowing the Italian tradition for tasting menus this week.
Plus: Now's a good time to invest in whiskey; and Bataligate tops this year's biggest food scandals, all in our morning news roundup.
See his Potrero Hill balcony view, too!
Several area restaurants are getting jolly this holiday season with the traditional Italian feast.
Also, Sidebar wine tavern has closed.
Today Grub Street learns of two just-announced New Year's Eve plans from Tartine HQ. First, over at Bar Tartine, chef Nick Balla tells us he'll be doing a special, one-off dinner that combines both his love of Japanese cuisine (he...
The FDA approved a new hangover pill today!
Doing one of the things she does best, Ms. Tablehopper offers up a few ideas for where to eat out when your boss is paying and he/she suggests your department go out for a festive dinner this year for the...
Or, just follow the action on Twitter if you can't afford it.
Lots of gifts and treats on sale this weekend.
It's time to figure out exactly how far you can go while still maintaining a level of professional dignity.
The Westin St. Francis originally built theirs in 2005, and it's showing a little bit of wear.
The pickup dates are December 23 and 24 at Flour + Water.
They're calling them their "oh crap I need stuff to bring to Thanksgiving dinner but I'm out of time" kits, and Hapa Ramen is selling them at their Ferry Building stand which is out in front today, one day...
Oh, Mary. We love you.
The Cooking Channel star will make a network TV appearance with some low-cal T-give alternatives.
Be extra thankful on Thanksgiving Day at the vegan cafe.
Look for MSF's "Insanely-Involved-But-Totally-Worth-It" gravy recipe.


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Privacy and Cookies
French investigators are citing the deviation from its flight plan by a Proteus Airlines Raytheon Beech 1900D as the underlying cause of its fatal mid-air collision with a Cessna F177 RG light aircraft last year.
All 12 passengers and two crew were killed on the 1900D (F-GSJM) when it hit the single occupant Cessna (F-GAJE) over the Bay of Quiberon in north west France in July 1998 following an unplanned deviation by the airliner.
Operating as flight 706 from Lyon Satolas to Lorient in Brittany, the Proteus aircraft deviated from its filed flightplan to allow passengers to view the passenger liner, Norway, (previously France) moored in the Bay of Quiberon.
The impetus for the move appears to have come from a passenger on board the 1900D, who was standing in the cockpit doorway and directing the pilots down to the Norway, prompting the crew to abandon instrument flight rules (IFR).
As the aircraft was exiting its requested 360° turn around the ship, it hit the descending Cessna at an altitude of 2,000ft and virtually at right angles, banking slightly to the left.
In its report, the Bureau Enquetes d'Accidents (BEA) says: "This collision was mainly due to the absence of any visual detection by all crew of any other aircraft in non-controlled 'See and Avoid' G-class airspace.
"The fact that the Cessna 177 had its transponder switched off also meant that Lorient air traffic control (ATC) was unable to identify the aircraft on its screens or warn the Beechcraft of its close proximity".
Harsh criticism is made by the BEA of the 1900D captain's decision to abandon instrument flight rules (IFR) operation and adopt VFR procedures, even though this was approved by Lorient ATC.
"The Proteus Airlines company manual explicitly says that VFR operations are not allowed when transporting fare paying passengers and that the Captain must ensure the commercial flight plan is strictly adhered to," says the report.
"Implicit in company guidelines is the fact that during critical phases of the journey, crew members must only be preoccupied with what is happening during that flight and not be distracted by any other incident, no matter what it is".
The BEA strongly recommends that the DGAC make IFR operations mandatory for revenue passenger flights, unless it is found absolutely necessary to abandon them and that safety is "systematically prioritised" by pilots even if commercial or profit motives are otherwise apparent.
Key to avoiding any such future fatal accidents, adds the BEA, is the immediate implementation by the French CAA (DGAC) of dedicated IFR air space and the installation of traffic alert and collision avoidance system (TCAS) equipment on all aircraft involved with transporting the public.
The latter measure must take place as soon as possible, says to the accidents bureau, although it is due to come into effect in Europe anyway during next year. As it happens, the Cessna 177 was operating with its transponder switched off, so that the 1900D's BF Goodrich-supplied TCAS 1 system (which provides only traffic information and not resolution advice) would not have detected the smaller aircraft in any case.
Transponders are recommended by the BEA for inclusion on all aircraft. It made a similar recommendation following February's incident when an Airbus A320 collided with a non-transponder equipped glider near Montpellier.
The Cessna 177 had such a transponder, but its 70-year old pilot elected not to use the equipment. The BEA comments: "The Aeronautical Manual states that any aircraft with an altitude reporting transponder, must, in the absence of any ATC instruction, have the transponder set to Code 7000 and activate the 'altitude report' function at all times".
Accordingly, the BEA recommends that all general aviation pilots familiarise themselves with the Aeronautical Manual's VFR and transponder instructions, as well as ensuring that such transponders are always active, unless security reasons dictate otherwise.
Despite permission being granted by Lorient ATC for the Proteus airliner to leave its plotted course and descend from FL50 to 3,700ft, both pilots appear to have been distracted by the standing passenger behind them as well as by the liner itself in the bay.
Their subsequent decision to descend to 2,000ft under VFR without clearance exacerbated the danger.
Furthermore, the 1900D was in contact with Lorient approach control, while the light aircraft was receiving airport flight information system (AFIS) advice from nearby Quiberon control - meaning the crews had no opportunity to be aware of each others' presence by radio monitoring. The Cessna pilot also died in the incident.


text:
Aesthetics and MusicHardback Continuum Aesthetics
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Additional formats available
- Format
- Paperback $41.31
- Publisher: Continuum International Publishing Group Ltd.
- Format: Hardback | 258 pages
- Dimensions: 142mm x 221mm x 25mm | 386g
- Publication date: 29 August 2007
- Publication City/Country: London
- Illustrations note: 1, black & white illustrations
Product description
The Continuum Aesthetics Series looks at the aesthetic questions and issues raised by all major art forms. Stimulating, engaging and accessible, the series offers food for thought not only for students of aesthetics, but also for anyone with an interest in philosophy and the arts. Aesthetics and Music is a fresh and often provocative exploration of the key concepts and arguments in musical aesthetics. It draws on the rich heritage of the subject, while proposing distinctive new ways of thinking about music as an art form. The book looks at: The experience of listening Rhythm and musical movement What modernism has meant for musical aesthetics The relation of music to other 'sound arts' Improvisation and composition as well as more traditional issues in musical aesthetics such as absolute versus programme music and the question of musical formalism. Thinkers discussed range from Pythagoras and Plato to Kant, Nietzsche and Adorno. Areas of music covered include classical, popular and traditional music, and jazz. Aesthetics and Music makes an eloquent case for a humanistic, democratic and genuinely aesthetic conception of music and musical understanding. Anyone interested in what contemporary philosophy has to say about music as an art form will find this thought-provoking and highly enjoyable book required reading.
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Author information
Andrew Hamilton is Lecturer in Philosophy at the University of Durham, UK.
Review quote
'A gifted philosopher, music critic and jazz performer, Andy Hamilton has produced a book which leaves neither the philosophy nor the music out. He guides us deftly through the aesthetics of Kant and Adorno without neglecting the reality of music as sound and rhythm, improvisation and composition, showing in an unusually open-minded, lively way - and in philosophical depth - how aesthetic experience is universal and human.' Professor John Skorupski, St Andrews University, UK
Table of contents
1. Aesthetics and music in ancient Greece; 2. The concept of music; 3. The aesthetic of form, the aesthetic of expression, and "Absolute Music": Aesthetics of music in the late 18th and 19th centuries 4. The sound of music; 5. Rhythm and time; 6. Adorno and modernism: Music as autonomous and "social fact" 7. Improvisation and composition.


text:
A Jewish member of Fatah was nominated for a spot on the party's Revolutionary Council on Saturday, the Palestinian news agency Ma'an reported.
Dr. Uri Davis told Ma'an that one of Fatah's weakest attributes has been its failure to establish ties with international parties, movements and human rights organizations, and promised to step up efforts, if elected.
Born to Jewish parents in Jerusalem, Davis describes himself as a Palestinian Hebrew. Read the full story at HAARETZ.com.
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text:
Opening Ceremony's All Occasion Coat features a detachable scarf as well as a detachable hood, giving you a variety a styling options#1511
Alexandre Herchcovitch, brazilian fashion designer, colaborates with Melissa, and brings us this brilliant plastic oxford shoe. Love it.#1510
These dress socks from Seize sur Vingt manage to add just the right dose of fun to a staid menswear staple, without venturing into tacky territory.#1509
Nudie Jeans Co. has a great little section explaining why it's important to wear your unwashed denim for at least 6 months before their first wash. For denim purists.#1506
I like the vivid hue and architectural shape of the Michael Kors Debutante Cutout Wedge.#1505
This grey Trudeau briefcase by Want is a great alternative to black or tan. Pair with your smartest skinny suit.#1504
A. Kurtz goes moves beyond military-inspired caps and ventures into cold weather with the Radar Rib Brian Cap#1503
Loving this amazing graphic duffle bag by Aussi line LIFEwithBIRD. In punched up, lightweight canvas, it can seamlessly go from work to after-hours party to weekend getaway, all without missing a beat.#1502
Cool draped jersey dress by H Chalayan. "A modern translation of a classic kimono silhouette."#1491
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Feeling blue about your wintry pallor? Try a satin finish in a rich jewel tone. The sapphire hue of Ingwa; melero's Dita dress sparkles against pale, winter skin#1489
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Vivienne Tam redesigned Mickey & Minnie's clothes for a celebration of the Year of The Mouse (okay..rat, really) at Hong Kong Disneyland. Mickey and Minnie are looking mighty hip!#1484
If you still don't know how to wear a boy cardigan, Scotch & Soda has you covered. This one comes as a shirt-and-cardi combo.#1482
My new favorite layering piece is this Kiki de Montparnasse garter tank. Pair the semi-sheer cotton tank with a structured pencil skirt for a high/low look, or a high-waisted pant.#1481
Maison Martin Margiela's barbed wire ring from his fall-winter 2008-09 show. We can't get enough of him, can we?#1477
Springtime is calling... cute and cheery yellow "Two Attendants" trench coat by Penguin.#1469
Cleanse in style! The famed Bliss Spa's steep clean moisturizer adds the perfect moisture to your face to the morning. With a teensy bit of retinol, it not only moisturizes - it clears skin too!#1467


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text: GamesBeat Cel-shaded Lilith cosplay from Borderlands (gallery) September 19, 2012 10:00 AM Sebastian Haley 0 Gaming is in its golden age, and big and small players alike are maneuvering like kings and queens in A Game of Thrones. Register now for our GamesBeat 2015 event, Oct. 12-Oct.13, where we'll explore strategies in the new world of gaming. Costuming comes in all forms (and quality), but this Borderlands cosplay earns both awesome and ingenuity points. German cosplayer "Kuro-chan" recently shared the images to her DeviantArt page after debuting it at the Connichi anime and manga convention in Germany. To top off the superb attention to detail, Lilith (along with Mordecai and a bandit who appear in a couple of shots) have hand-drawn lines on their skin, à la Borderlands' graphic novel-esque aesthetics. Lilith even comes equipped with a Maliwan Hellfire assault rifle. Schön! [vb_gallery id=533701]


text:
Top Definition
"Nizzee" is the substitue word for "nigga", used for clean versions of rap songs on the radio.
by Tha Gr8t 1 October 26, 2003
2 more definitions
Emerging rap artist Nizzie (aka Young N.Y.N.E.), has his eye on the prize when it comes to his career in the music industry. He is a lyricist that combines his love for music and unique perspective on life with thought provoking words and images. Nizzie has created his first single, "My Jam (Hey DJ)". In 2010 "My Jam" was awarded with the Auddy Platinum Music Award. Nizzie's youtube page (www.youtube.com/itsyaboynizzie) has also reached success ranging everything from freestyles, to video blogs.
Nizzie's song "My Jam" won the Auddy Platinum Award.
by Prince of the Queen City June 26, 2010
An italian male who tries to be guido but fails. Unlike other italians, a nizzie is not tan, nor extremely good looking, or guido. He achives bulky muscles by juicing, although he will deny it. A nizzie swears that he is hot, everyone wants him, he's tan, and buff, although none of those are actually true.
EW! Look at Nizzie! He's soo pale!
There goes that Nizzie again, buying steroids.
That Nizzie is a poor excuse for an italian.
There goes that Nizzie again, buying steroids.
That Nizzie is a poor excuse for an italian.
by kuhim August 23, 2005


text:
@corvak: As a retailer, they have bullied and attempted to bully many publishing houses, the Big Five included, into various (non-profitable for the authors involved) programs by such tactics as: removing buy buttons, disabling search meta-tags for specific items, creating abnormally long shipping times, etc. Amazon has also tried to bully publishing houses, the ones who have 'opted in' on their pricing.
Not to mention the working conditions that many of their employees out at the distro centers have to deal with; most inhumaine and some actively dangerous.
I'm a little pressed for time right now to go through and cite my sources, but a quick google search will point towards Amazon's sour dealings with practically everyone involved with their corporation, save the stockholders.