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The Official Guide to the TOEFL IBTMixed media product McGraw-Hill's Official Guide to the TOEFL Ibt (W/CD)
List price $38.92
Unavailable - AbeBooks may have this title.
- Publisher: McGraw-Hill Contemporary
- Format: Mixed media product | 374 pages
- Dimensions: 216mm x 274mm x 26mm | 821g
- Publication date: 1 August 2009
- Publication City/Country: London
- Edition: 3, Revised
- Edition statement: 3rd Revised edition
- Sales rank: 32,027
Product description
This is the official guide from the makers of the TOEFL to ensure your exam success! "The Official Guide to the TOEFL[registered] iBT" is the leading guide to the most widely accepted English-language proficiency test in the world - the TOEFL test. Written by ETS, the makers of the test, this book includes two real full-length TOEFL tests for practice, as well as explanations of every section of the test and information on what is expected of you for every speaking and writing task. You will learn how to construct your answers and integrate the four skills needed to demonstrate academic English-language proficiency: reading, listening, speaking and writing. The accompanying CD-ROM provides on-screen interactive versions of both real TOEFL tests in the book, just like the one you will encounter on test day.
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Author information
Educational Testing Service (ETS), based in Princeton, New Jersey, is a private, nonprofit organization devoted to educational measurement and research, primarily through testing. ETS develops and administers millions of achievement tests each year in the United States and 180 other countries. These include the TOEFL(R), GRE(R), Praxis(R), and other standardized tests.
Table of contents
1. Introducing the TOEFL iBT All about the TOEFL Test How to Use This Book All About the TOEFL iBT Test Preparation Tips from ETS Registering for the TOEFL iBT Questions Frequently Asked by Students 2. TOEFL iBT Reading TOEFL iBT Reading Passages TOEFL iBT Reading Questions Improving Your Performance on TOEFL iBT Reading Questions Reading Practice Sets 3. TOEFL iBT Listening TOEFL iBT Listening Materials TOEFL iBT Listening Questions How to Sharpen Your Listening Skills Listening Practice Sets 4. TOEFL iBT Speaking Introduction to the Speaking Section Speaking Question Types Strategies for Raising Your TOEFL Speaking Score TOEFL iBT Speaking Score Rubric Frequently Asked Questions about TOEFL Speaking 5. TOEFL iBT Writing Introduction to the Writing Section The Integrated Writing Task The Independent Writing Topics 6. Authentic TOEFL iBT Practice Test 1 7. Authentic TOEFL iBT Practice Test 2


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continued Back in Thursday's Class A meet, CBA indeed took second in the team competition with 375.5 points, trailing West Genesee, who finished on top with 375.5 points. Fayetteville-Manlius was eighth with 166 points.
Schmitt pulled away from the field. In the 100 butterfly, she finished in 57.10 seconds, with Lexy McCauley second in 1:04.38. Later, in the 100 backstroke, Schmitt won in 59.30 seconds.
Fletcher needed 1:56.79 to win the 200 freestyle and also prevailed in the 500 freestyle in 5:16.09. Coughlin would cruise to first place in the 100 breaststroke in 1:05.93 after she won the 200 IM in 2:14.05, a race where McCauley (2:21.91) was third.
Schmitt, Coughlin, Bowman and Catalano needed 1:54.29 to hold off WG (1:56.34) in the 200 medley relay, and in the 400 freestyle relay McCauley, Schmitt, Fletcher and Coughlin blazed to victory in 3:42.49. Fletcher and McCauley helped Catalano and Kendall Sangster finish fourth (1:45.74) in the 200 freestyle relay.
F-M's Pechacek, got second place (5:21.29) behind Fletcher in the 500 freestyle and was fourth (2:01.14) in the 200 freestyle, where should later take fifth in the overall sectional race in 2:01.27.
J-D would clean up in the Class B meet, where Kalie Coyne won twice. Coyne took the 200 IM in 2:13.96 and the 100 butterfly in 59.10 seconds as Hair prevailed in the 100 breaststroke in 1:09.95. Hair, Coyne, Pusey and Farchione combined to win the 200 medley relay in 1:54.60.
Alden Coyne took second in the 500 freestyle (5:35.96) and third in the 200 freestyle (2:05.64), with Farchione third in both the 100 backstroke (1:04.45) and 200 IM (2:25.81) and Pusey was fourth in the 50 freestyle (26.86 seconds).
Hair took third in the 100 freestyle in 56.56 seconds, with Amanda Behan fourth in 57.27 seconds as Behan added a sixth in the 50 freestyle. Hayley Schultz swam to fifth in the 100 butterfly in 1:06.80, just ahead of Morgan Gunther (1:06.97) in sixth.
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Thread: Girl underwater
May 11th, 2004 #1
Girl underwater
im still trying to figure out the background for this piece, i want it to be underwater and rustic, the girl i will start on a little later, for now i just overlayed a skeliton placeholder. any advice is welcom. i think my biggest problem is tightening up detail. it looks way cartoony right now and my end goal is realistic.
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Hide this ad by registering as a memberMay 11th, 2004 #2Registered User
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If you want to give the perception of being underwater, you have to ignore the warm end of the palette. The longer wavelengths get filtered out in water first (red first, then orange, yellow, etc.) So you're going to want to get rid of the brownish-reddish-yellow tones if the scene is deep underwater. Unless there's some sort of artificial light which'll add those tones back in.
The scene is looking very interesting. Looks like there's a good story behind it. I look forward to seeing some progress pics. Good luck.
May 16th, 2004 #3
Underwater, cool. Can't help you much on the background other than keep working on it and render the snot out of it. When it comes time to the girl, be sure her hair looks like its underwater and have floating thing all around.
May 17th, 2004 #4
looks good. I dont know if this helps but you might want to blur out the background a bit in the distance and add some particles all over the place. I've found that even the cleanest pool has some shit floating around...damn swimming babies.
bad is good and good is only okay...
May 17th, 2004 #5
I like the concept.
I would recommend trying to implement texture into the background to get rid of the slick effect, and make it look old. As stated before, floating particles couldn't hurt either.
Maybe try add in some coral-type of underwater organisms as well.


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Arroz Verde
2 Oct 2010
|Jalapeno chilies
|3 , diced
|Canned tomatillos
|16 Ounce, drained (1 Can)
|1 Clove (5 gm) (Large Clove)
|Ground cumin
|1⁄4 Teaspoon
|Chicken broth
|1 1⁄2 Cup (24 tbs)
|Vegetable oil
|2 Tablespoon
|Finely chopped onion
|1⁄2 Cup (8 tbs)
|Long grain rice
|1 Cup (16 tbs)
|Chopped fresh cilantro
|1 Tablespoon
|Sliced jalapeno chilies
|2 Tablespoon
Place the chiles, tomatillos, garlic and cumin in a blender or food processor, add 1 cup of the broth, and puree the mixture until it's smooth.
Add additional broth to make 2 cups of liquid.
In a heavy skillet, heat the oil over medium-high heat, add the onion, and saute until it's soft, 2 to 3 minutes.
Add the rice and saute for a couple of minutes, or until the rice starts to turn opaque.
Bring the broth mixture to a boil in a saucepan and add the rice.
Reduce the heat, cover, and simmer until all the liquid is absorbed, 20 to 30 minutes.
Remove the pan from the heat and lightly toss the rice with the chopped cilantro, garnish with the jalapenos, and serve hot.
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Arroz Verde Recipe


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The glomeruli (say "gluh-MAIR-yuh-lee") are tiny blood vessels in the kidneys. They help move blood across the membrane of the kidney to filter wastes from the bloodstream.
|Healthwise Staff
|Primary Medical Reviewer
|E. Gregory Thompson, MD - Internal Medicine
|Specialist Medical Reviewer
|Tushar J. Vachharajani, MD, FASN, FACP - Nephrology
|Current as of
|May 8, 2013
WebMD Medical Reference from Healthwise


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At least 36 were reported killed after a passenger ferry carrying 189 people capsized in central Philippines Thursday. What causes ferry accidents, and how can they be prevented?
The Syrian-Kurdish city of Kobane is important for the Kurds, ISIS, and the US for different reasons.
A photo of a little boy studying in an unlikely place goes viral in the Philippines, and attracts help from the local social welfare office.
The Global Peace Index has just released results for 2015. Four countries made the most improvement.
US says it is ready to walk away from a bad nuclear deal and Iran warns it will take the old path if the other side breaches the deal.
Egypt sentenced 509 people to death in 2014, up from 109 in 2013, according to Amnesty International.
IS has decapitated two civilian women due to allegations of sorcery.
An Indiegogo campaign raising $1.8 billion to pay off Greece's debts has received donations from more than 13,500 people.
World record-holding pole vaulter Renaud Lavillenie of France jumps in front of the Eiffel Tower as he stands on the roof of a boat on the Seine River after a news conference in Paris, Thursday. Lavillenie will attend the IAAF Diamond League athletics meeting at the Stade de France Stadium in Saint-Denis near Paris on July 4.
The Global Peace Index has just released results for 2015. Four countries made the most improvement.
French taxi drivers on Thursday blocked roads to train stations and airports in Paris and other cities in a nationwide protest against ride-hailing company Uber. But two US cities offer possible paths to compromise.
Iran sent nuclear equipment to Sudan, a classified Saudi memo released by WikiLeaks says. There have been no previous reports of Iran sending nuclear equipment to Sudan.
British police arrested general Karenzi Karake at the request of Spain, where he is wanted in connection with war crimes.
Dual nationals who fight for terrorist groups or engage in terrorism-related conduct will automatically lose their Australian citizenship, under a new law.
Pakistan's prime minister has called for emergency measures and the army has been deployed to set up medical centers.
Pope Francis continues to make strong, controversial statements on Christianity, society, and politics, this time turning his gaze on the weapons industry.
2020 Olympic events nominated: Eight new sports are vying for inclusion in the 2020 Summer Olympics. What sport will get the nod and why?
The town of Yulin in southern China hosts a dog-meat festival, sparking outcry and activism around the world.
Pope Francis criticized the world's major powers for allowing mass incarceration and execution of Jews, Armenians, Christians, Roma, and homosexuals during a visit to Turin, Italy.
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The premiere of Bella Thorne's new movie "Blended" was held at the TCL Chinese Theatre this week. Bella was supported at the premiere by her "Shake It Up" co-star and BFF Zendaya Coleman.
Bella and Zendaya opted for totally different styles at the premiere! Bella sported a gorgeous gown while Zendaya went with a crop top and 3/4 pants!
Whose red carpet look do YOU love the most? Take our poll!
Plus, let us know if you see "Blended" in theaters!


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BeauCoo, The Social Style And Shopping Network For Women, Comes To Android
BeauCoo, the Calgary, Canada-based startup that wants to make it easier for women to discover new styles, brands and stores and shop for clothes online by matching them with other women who have a similar body type, just launched its Android app. The service started out as an iPhone app and recently expanded to the web. Read More
Conde Nast Leads $20M Round In Boutique Marketplace Farfetch, Its Third E-Fashion Investment In 4 Weeks (Updated)
Update: And in true old media fashion, the investment has now been formally announced by Conde Nast itself, some 15 hours after the news broke. The investment will be used for Farfetch to enter into new markets (geographical and otherwise). José Neves, founder and CEO of Farfetch notes: "This investment will fuel our entry to new markets while assisting our growth in existing ones. Our… Read More
Singapore Fashion Retailer Inverted Edge Takes $1.6M Funding
A Singaporean fashion retail site has secured $1.6 million (S$2 million) in funding from a government-backed group of VCs. When it launches next month, the e-tailer, called Inverted Edge, will carry a consignment of goods from 36 Asia-Pacific designers, according to CEO, Debra Langley. The funding it received was from the Singapore National Research Foundation (NRF), Incuvest, Accel-X and… Read More
Business Of Fashion Gets $2.1M Seed Funding From Index, LVMH And More For Its No-Nonsense B2B Fashion Blog
We've seen a lot of fashion tech and fashion e-commerce startups pick up steam in the form of users, revenues, and venture backing. But because content remains king, less tech-heavy sites, working in the area of amassing intelligent data, are also growing: Business of Fashion, a London-based B2B blog that chronicles the ins and outs of the fashion industry, is today announcing that it… Read More
Berlusconi Outed As Investor In Square Clone Payleven While Rocket Internet's Zappos Clone Zalando Hits Breakeven
A double-dose of details today about the normally secretive e-commerce startups incubated by the Samwer bothers-backed Rocket Internet. Silvio Berlusconi was outed as one of the key investors in Square clone Payleven; and Zalando, inspired by Zappos in the U.S., is reporting 2012 net sales of €1.15 billion and reaching breakeven in its core markets of Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Read More
German Fashion Moodboard Startup Stylight Secures "Significant" Multi-Million Euro Series B From ProSiebenSat.1's SevenVentures
Munich, Germany-based online fashion moodboard startup, Stylight, has secured a multi-million euro investment from SevenVentures, the venture subsidiary of media company ProSiebenSat.1. The exact amount has not been disclosed. ProSiebenSat.1 operates 29 TV stations across Europe — and this reach will also benefit Stylight, as the startup said the company will give it "extensive… Read More
BeauCoo, The Mobile Fashion Network For Women, Expands To The Web
The Calgary, Canada-based fashion network BeauCoo, which aims to connect women with other women who share a similar body type to make online and offline shopping more social, fun and practical, launched as a mobile-only service late last year, but the team has now decided to also embrace the web. BeauCoo, which raised a $1.1 million seed round led by Zinc Ventures last September, is launching… Read More
Glossybox, The Samwer Brothers' Birchbox Effort, Opens Its Lid: $72M In Funding And 2M Boxes Shipped
Rocket Internet is sometimes known for being reticent on how its vast e-commerce portfolio is progressing, but that appears to be slowly changing. Today the company put out its first numbers for Glossybox, its beauty box effort that looks a lot like Birchbox. Read More
Samwer's Rocket Internet Picks Up Its First Luxury Goods Investor: PPR Puts $13M Into Lamoda And Dafiti's Holding Company
Another new chapter is opening up for Rocket Internet, the incubator started and run by the Samwer Brothers in Germany. The company is today announcing that PPR, luxury and sport & lifestyle group, is taking a €10 million investment in Bigfoot I, the Rocket holding company that controls Russian fashion commerce site Lamoda, South American fashion site Dafiti and also has a stake in… Read More
Everlane Goes Black In Protest Of Black Friday; Buy Your Disruptive Cashmere On Saturday
Everlane, one of the wave of vertically-integrated sites that is changing the way that fashion is made and sold, is today disrupting something else. In protest against the over-the-top consumerism that is Black Friday — where smartphone-equipped shoppers look for incremental sales/parking/stock advantages over those less savvy — Everlane is opting out. The site is going dark on… Read More
Kickstarter Record Breaker, USA Underwear Maker Flint And Tinder Gets $850K Seed Round From Zappos' Tony Hsieh, Lerer And David Tisch
Hold on to your pants: the rush to fund innovative fashion companies that are building out their businesses online continues apace. Flint and Tinder, a maker of premium, made-in-the-USA men's underwear that first had its debut on Kickstarter, has now raised a seed round of $850,000 from an impressive list of investors, including Tony Hseih and Fred Mossler from Zappos; Lerer Ventures… Read More
Software Is Eating The Fashion World And The VCs Are Going Shopping
Over the last couple of years a new trend amongst startups has been towards addressing incumbent industries. And there are few such traditional sectors as the world of fashion. Hence we've seen a great deal of activity in the space. We've seen the rise of apps to measure our bodies for clothes and personalise our fashion shopping experience. We've even seen fashion startups… Read More
JP Morgan Invests 'Significant Double Digit Millions' In Another Rocket Internet Fashion Site, Asia's Zalora
Less than a month after reportedly sinking $40-80 million into Lamoda, Rocket Internet's "Russian Zappos", JP Morgan is investing once again in the Samwer brothers and their vision for a global e-commerce operation: the latest is Zalora, Rocket Internet's fashion site based in Singapore and operating across seven countries in South East Asia. The investment comes just… Read More
Fab Axes Sign-Up Requirement For Its Design Shop, Admits User Experience Sucked (But Did Help It Get 7M Users)
Big news and a big admission for online designer shop Fab.com as it continues to scale up and make itself more user-friendly: For the first time, the site is letting people browse its online shop without having to log in, putting the online shop in line with the company's mobile app experience. The registration requirement has helped the company pick up 7 million registered users… Read More
Diane von Furstenberg Models Wear Google Glass On The Catwalk
We were talking with the New York fashion community about postponing New York Fashion Week for a few days while we ran Disrupt, but they just wouldn't listen. What's more, Sergey Brin and Google sent a bunch of Google Glass devices to Diane von Furstenberg (a famous designer) who outfitted her gamine charges with some of the most sought-after tech in the nerdosphere. Also… Read More
Rocket Internet's 'Blitzkrieg': JP Morgan Invests In Russian Fashion Site Lamoda; $40-80M Reported
Less than a month after JP Morgan put investments into two Rocket Internet-baked fashion sites modelled on Zappos — an undisclosed investment into Zalando and $45 million in Brazil's Dafiti, the bank is taking an equity stake in a third Rocket Internet fashion business. Lamoda.ru in Russia, a site with 5 million unique users and 500,000 "loyal customers," is… Read More
Science-Backed 'Baby Birchbox' Wittlebee Makes Its First Acquisition: Cottonseed Clothing
Wittlebee, a "Birchbox for babies" backed by LA's Science incubator, is diving deeper into the products that form the core of its subscription-based kids' clothes service: today it is announcing its first acquisition, the baby clothesmaker Cottonseed Clothing Company. Terms of the deal were not disclosed. The acquisition will mean that Wittlebee becomes the… Read More
Badass LA Fashion Site Nasty Gal Picks Up A Badass $40M From Index Ventures For World Domination
Nasty Gal, a site dedicated to selling "badass", "unapologetically sexy" female fashion, has picked up a cool $40 million Series B round from Index Ventures, just five months after the VCs were the sole backers in its first, $9 million round. The LA-based company — which had sales of $28 million in 2011, is on track to make $128 million in 2012 says Forbes, and… Read More
Zalando, The Samwer Zappos Clone, Closes Another Round, Adds JP Morgan, Quadrant Capital As Backers
Zalando, the shoe and fashion e-commerce site originally started as a clone of Zappos by the Samwer brothers, is gearing up for another phase of growth. The company today announced that it has closed another round of funding, adding J.P. Morgan Asset Management and Quadrant Capital Advisors as its newest backers. As with past rounds of financing — and as with many other Samwer… Read More
Mobile 'Personal Shopping Assistant' Swirl Exits Stealth With 30K Stores Signed On, $6M In Backing
Add one more startup to the hopefuls looking to corner the market for location-aware offers for shoppers: Swirl Networks today exits stealth mode with a website and free iOS app to help people find the best fashion deals closest to them, lead them to physical stores to make purchases, and then share that experience with others. It may be a crowded space, but Swirl is one to watch: it is… Read More


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32 year old woman | Oak Lawn, IL, USA | Seeking men 30-40 within 50 miles
Active within 3 days
Well here I am...I'm ready if you are!
Here is a little bit about Khadija...I am a fun, loving, caring, playful, outgoing mail carrier that enjoys going out to dine, going to the movies and lounges sometimes. There are so many more places that I would love to show my face in but no one to do it with. Everything that is positive that comes to mind... that's me! What I am looking for is someone who matches the person that I am. When I grow as a person so should he. I do go to church, so having someone to share that with is a plus. I will never force religion upon a person so don't worry! No one is perfect, but if the lines of communication can stay open we can be perfect for each other. I don't like judgmental people because we all have flaws...either you're in or out. I'm just ready for that old fashion love. I would love to be married one day with kids and I know that things don't happen over night but if we're not on the same page it will never work. Just know that the relationship that I obtain I would love to work towards a future...if we are compatible. I would love to have a relationship with endless possibilities. If you can see me walking by your side as your mate and not behind you then feel free to email me. By the way I am not on here to play games or looking for some random hookups or for a one night stand, so if that's what you're looking for DO NOT EMAIL ME WITH THAT BS!!!!!
Coffee and conversation , Cooking , Dining out , Movies/Videos , Museums and art , Music and concerts , Exploring new areas , Religion/Spiritual , Shopping/Antiques , Travel/Sightseeing , Wine tasting
Baseball, Basketball, Bowling, Football, Walking / Hiking
I exercise 5 or more times per week.
I have Cats
Middle of the Road
I love playing darts and just spending time at home
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
|What she is looking for
|5'1" (154cms)
|5'7" (170cms) to 6'11" (210cms)
|Body type:
|No preference
|No preference
|Dark brown
|No preference
|No Way
|Yes, but trying to quit
|Social Drinker
|Social Drinker
|Political / Govt / Civil Service / Military
|No preference
I am employed by the USPS.... mail carrier
|I'll tell you later
|No preference
|Never Married
|Never Married, Widow / Widower, Divorced
|Have kids:
|Wants kids:
|Black / African descent
|No preference
|Christian / Other
|No preference
|No preference
|Some college
|No preference


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33 year old woman | Floresville, TX, USA | Seeking men 28-37 within 60 miles
Active within 24 hours
It would be so awesome to have that Brick and Chani connection. 🚹🚺
I want to be able to get along with my guy ; like we've know each other for forever. What I really want is chivalry and an intelligent guy. A guy with the wit of Bill Murray is Soooooooo attractive! About me... I say random things, I love the different, intellectual minds and creativity. I love my family very much and spend time with them when I can. My grandmother was the heart soul of us and taught us the true meaning of family. I LOVE: -Indie music/Indie movies! My favorite band is Green Day; they introduced me to rock :) -Art -Open minded people -Creativity -Optimists -The different -I don't believe hair, makeup or clothes make a woman a woman because at the end of the day that stuff is tampered with and what remains is the real her. THAT'S the REAL search. The kind of guy I'm looking for would share the same qualities as I do but not identical...why would you want to date yourself? I'm NOT looking for a guy who is... 1. Already a dad (I'd like to start a family with my future husband when we're ready) 2. A smoker 3. Egotistical/tries to put people down 4. Cowboys or hunters (just not my type :)) 5. A drinker 6. An atheist (I could never be with someone who doesn't believe in God). 7. An artificial guy...anyone just looking for a pretty face will most likely end up calling it quits. I truly want a guy who's a gentleman, MATURE but also a kid at heart, a guy who loves his family and thinks of the other person. I know it's a LONG shot, but I'm giving it a try.
Coffee and conversation , Dining out , Hobbies and crafts , Movies/Videos , Museums and art , Music and concerts , Exploring new areas , Nightclubs/Dancing , Performing arts , Shopping/Antiques , Video games , Wine tasting
I exercise 3-4 times per week.
I like Cats, Other
I've owned hamsters, fish and rabbits in the past. I don't currently own any animals though.
Movies/theaters, restaurants (no certain ones in particular), art, music, I have a collection of drawings I've done in the past, I especially love abstract art, Pandora, cheesecake! :)
My favorite movie is Lost In Translation, I like Tim Burton movies, Pixar movies, movies w/good morals. I LOVE rock music but also Hip Hop and RB, Oldies, some Tejano, ANTM, American Idol (auditions), Adult Swim, Freasier, Face Off, Intervention.
I like to go out, either for a night on the town or for shopping, watching movies, going to concerts, checking out new places/stores; for movies: fav actors are Jonah Hill, Steve Carell,Michael Cera, Helena Bohnam Carter, Charlice Theron.
"Angels: God's Secret Agents" by Billy Graham.
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
|What she is looking for
|5'6" (167cms)
|5'9" (175cms) to 6'5" (195cms)
|Body type:
|Slender, About average, Athletic and toned
|No preference
|Black, Light brown, Dark brown
|No Way
|No Way
|Social Drinker
|Social Drinker, Moderately
|Law enforcement / Security / Military
|No preference
|I'll tell you later
|$35,001 to $50,000, $50,001 to $75,000, $75,001 to $100,000, $100,001 to $150,000, $150,001+
|Never Married
|Never Married
|Have kids:
|Wants kids:
|Definitely, Someday
|Latino / Hispanic
|Latino / Hispanic
I come from a Hispanic family but also Spaniard background, which explains the light skin ;). We're off to a good start if you truly understand the George Lopez jokes.
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The Eagles-Vikings game has been postponed.
It will be played on Tuesday at 8 p.m.
I can virtually guarantee that no NFL game has ever been played on a Tuesday. In fact, I am positive.
I don't like this. Now the Eagles have two extra days to prepare, but we also have a very short week to prepare for the Dallas Cowboys.
I still think we're going to win both games and finish 12-4.
But Tuesday Night Football?
C'mon NFL. Let the boys play on a Monday.
Tuesday is just... awkward.
In my 21 years on this planet, I cannot ever remember an Eagles game being suspended.
In fact, the only Philadelphia sporting event I can ever remember being suspended was the greatest game of my life.
Game 5 of the 2008 World Series.


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Flat Head Syndrome in Babies
SIDS Campaign Resulting in Many Flat Heads
by Moms
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According to The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery, flat head syndrome can lead to more ear infections, which, in turn, can result in language disorders and learning disabilities. The researchers have seen a 49 to 54 percent increase in these types of ear infections. If a baby appears to develop a flat head, special helmets can help reshape the skull. To see some of our tips for keeping your tot's head round, just click here.
Did your lil one develop a flat head due to sleeping on his back?
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5 years
my daughter slept on her back until she could roll over & didn't have any problems with flat head. Though I'm sure she would have slept more soundly on her stomach I would have never forgiven myself had something happened....sometimes safety overrules convenience.
MissSushi 5 years
My daughter had a very very very flat head. It wasn't flat enough for her doctor to think any measures needed to be taken, but she did admit that it was borderline.. I don't think i will do back sleeping with the next baby barring any complications. Her head is still very flat, although it has started to round out since she started sleeping on her stomach and side, but since no one in our family has a flat head like that, im hoping its not going to be permenant. When she was younger it was alarmingly flat and very wide at the top.. ugh. I wasn't happy about it, but she didn't fully turn her head when she slept, it was straight to to the ceiling. The doctor kept telling me it was a milestone she had to reach but i don't really put much stock in that, most babies are turning thier heads right home from the hospital. My husband has torticollis, so anon makes me wonder if that might be a problem we are suffering from.. She still doesn't fully turn her head even when sleeping on her stomach, its very much a limited range. I'm going to bring it up again.
5 years
My daughter had a neck condition called torticollis which prevented her from turning her head - that combined with back sleeping led to a flat spot (plagiocephaly). It was VERY noticeable, to the point that her whole face was actually crooked. She had a helmet for 5 months starting at age 9 months and now it looks great. It was a very difficult decision to make, but in her case we really had to do it. There are also worries that TMJ jaw problems may be due to this as well. The helmet is a pain (has to be scrubbed 5 times a day), but she adapted to it within a day or two and it was really no big deal.
Akpril 5 years
No. I was really worried about this. My dad talked with an engineer who creates the helmets, who told him that while the helmets help reshape the head, they don't get it back to the exact shape it should be and it leads to different pressures on the brain. My baby slept on his back, but I made sure he wasn't laying on the back of his head whenever he was awake. It worked out really well for me. People often tell me my baby has a beautiful head, which is kind of a weird compliment!


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Articles tagged harry connick, jr.
1 Jan 1995 // 1:03 AM
As I was watching the aseptically insipid 'Summer Catch', I confess, my mind wandered. And I got to thinking, has Freddie Prinze, Jr. ever made an unarguably good movie?"READ more
1 Jan 1995 // 1:03 AM
A balls-out stupid summer comedy where no one cares about special effects or plots making sense or even about characters winning or losing is not a bad thing. It is, rather, a representative thing.READ more
1 Jan 1995 // 1:03 AM
It's full of pratfalls, sight gags, and irreverence toward 'I Love Lucy', Nazis, body piercing, a very unlucky cow, and a dog. Fortunately, Zucker executes them all like a ringmaster.READ more
1 Jan 1995 // 1:03 AM
Pearl Harbor's endorsement of military ideals and barely submerged nostalgia for the war's anti-Japanese racism only abates for a half hour of stunningly rendered shoot-em-up as the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and its surrounding airfields takes place.READ more
1 Jan 1995 // 1:03 AM
The fact that Hardball's Conor is white means nothing, of course, except that he's one in a long line of white characters who become 'better people' because they meet adorable, courageous, noble, and/or doomed minority characters.READ more
1 Jan 1995 // 1:03 AM
Beware films packing the one-two punch of Freddie Prinze, Jr. as romantic lead and supermodels as objects of toilet humor.READ more
Colette Carr "Static" (video) (Premiere) // Music
House of Blondes "First of July" (audio) (premiere) // Music
Digisaurus 'No More Room For Love' (EP stream) // Music
Eszter Balint 'Airless Midnight' (album stream) (premiere) // Music
PopMatters is on a short summer publishing break. We resume Monday, July 6th.
// Announcements
"PopMatters is on a short summer publishing break. We resume Monday, July 6th.READ the article


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The Carved and Slipped Surfaces of Matt Repsher
An interest in architecture and geometric design combine in the forms and surfaces of Matt Repsher's vessels, jars, mugs, bowls, and sculptures. From the choice of clay — a red bricklike body — to the carved ornamentation, Repsher gives a nod to these influences. In today's post, an excerpt from the October 2013 issue of Ceramics Monthly, Matt explains his process for carving and decorating his surfaces with slip.- Jennifer Harnetty, editor.


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Here are the Premier League news headlines: Mark Clattenburg left off Premier League list for third straight week — The Mail Steven Gerrard is cleared to win his 100th cap against Sweden — BBC Sport Premier League continues to maximise … Continue reading
Sitting in 13th position in the Premier League, Liverpool's season so far has been one of impressive draws against Chelsea and Manchester City, two league wins against Reading and Norwich, and a mixed bag of other results. If we haven't … Continue reading
What an excellent day in the Premier League today — especially the end-to-end action in the Arsenal versus Fulham and Aston Villa against Manchester United matches. In case you missed any of the match highlights, here they are for US … Continue reading
Seven matches today. No early kick-off due to teams needing more rest from the Champions League and Europa League matches in mid-week. So, instead, we have six matches being played at once at 10am, and then the late kick-off between … Continue reading
We had a few surprise results on Saturday on a day where there were we had a change at the top of the table. Here are the match highlights from Premier League Saturday, gameweek 10 of the 2012-13 season: Manchester … Continue reading
Seven Premier League matches today. Each of them are excellent match-ups in what promises to be an excellent day. With the clocks changing in the UK last week, and the US not changing theirs until tomorrow, all of the games … Continue reading
It wasn't a day of sensational matches, but there surely were some spectacular goals on gameweek 9 of the 2012-13 Premier League, the Saturday edition. Here are the match highlights from all of the matches (video highlights are available for … Continue reading
For all of you awake to watch the early kick-off today, I applaud you. While the bandwagon fans will be asleep and waiting for Sunday's Chelsea-Manchester United match, the hardcore fans will up and ready for Aston Villa against Norwich … Continue reading
After an entertaining Saturday yesterday, today's two matches are of upmost importance. First up is the Tyne-Wear derby between Sunderland and Newcastle United. It's been yonks since Sunderland have beaten the Geordies, so the pressure is on the Black Cats … Continue reading
The defending Premier League Champions have provided uneven and perhaps even worrying performances fixture after fixture in all competitions this season. Not since the second half of the Community Shield win over Chelsea, had City looked in command of a … Continue reading
Sunderland's trip to the Etihad Stadium on Saturday afternoon was not very rewarding. Aleksandar Kolarov contributed a goal and an assist as Manchester City dominated the match, earning a 3-0 victory over the visiting Black Cats. The hosts made a … Continue reading
Just as we're getting back into the swing of Premier League action again, an international break beckons. The next Saturday we'll have filled with Premier League matches is two weeks away, so savor today as much as you can. Six … Continue reading
Today's one of those rare Premier League Saturdays when all of the big clubs in the division are playing on the same day. Arsenal kicks things off against Chelsea at 7:45am ET/12:45pm BST in a match that will be another … Continue reading
Sometimes you just want to see the highlights all over again. For others, you may have had a busy day and didn't get a chance to watch the Premier League matches. Whichever boat you're in, here are the match highlights … Continue reading
It's back! After a lengthy two week delay, the Premier League returns to rescue us from the boredom of international break. But alas, a lot of the focus today will be on the silly handshake between John Terry/Ashley Cole and … Continue reading
Which Premier League club is the biggest spender in the last decade? You may be surprised by the results. According to a recent survey by Deloitte, Premier League clubs have spent more than £4.4bn on players since the transfer window was … Continue reading
Free agent Michael Owen is being pursued by both Sunderland and Stoke City. Both Premier League clubs are trying to land his signature. While his best years are past him, he's still the type of clinical striker who would be … Continue reading
It won't go down as the most memorable of Premier League Saturday's but it was certainly entertaining to watch — with Norwich's comeback against Tottenham, QPR looking dangerous against Manchester City, an action-packed game in Wales between Swansea and Sunderland, goals … Continue reading


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Information is compiled by the Union-Bulletin staff from the official logs and records of the agencies listed below. Readers with any information on these or other crimes should call the local police or county sheriff's department. By law, victims of crimes may request through law enforcement agencies that their names not be released to the media. Theft and vandalism reports were filed Wednesday and today unless otherwise noted.
Thefts, Burglaries
WW Police
Hastings, 617 S. Ninth Ave. An unidentified man reportedly stole two game consoles, leaving the boxes and security devices behind: Employees also told police the man stole a pack of Magic game cards.
WW County Sheriff
200 block of East Third Street, Prescott. Gems, jewelry, collector knives and Viking antiques reportedly stolen from residence.
CP Police
300 block of North College Avenue. Vehicle prowl reported.
MF Police
200 block of Poplar Street. Vehicle reportedly stolen.
700 block of Mill Street. Mail reportedly stolen from mailbox.
Umatilla County Sheriff
Sunquist Road, Milton-Freewater. GPS navigation units stolen from two vehicles.
Stephens Road, Milton-Freewater. Items reported stolen from residence.
Columbia County Sheriff
100 block of Columbia School Road, Dayton. Old thermostat reportedly stolen during burglary.
WW Police
West Chestnut Street and Chase Avenue, Tuesday. A 30-year-old man reported he was assaulted by multiple gang members at roughly 3:30 a.m., Tuesday. The victim reported his assailants forcibly took his wallet and cell phone.
WW Police
Veterans Memorial Golf Course, 2001 E. Rees Ave. Vandals moved tee markers, and damaged benches and flags at the golf course. Vandals also reportedly walked on frost-covered greens, damaging the grass.
WW County Sheriff
26000 block of Ice Harbor Drive, Burbank. Mailbox struck by vehicle.
WW Police
720 Ricky Lane, Tuesday. A New Year's Eve festivity turned violent when a 22-year-old man allegedly crashed the party. According to police reports, officers responded to the listed address multiple times before the fight broke out. Early News Year's Day an uninvited transient man arrived and began picking a fight, according to partygoers, who detained the man until police arrived. Police stated this morning the intoxicated party crasher was bleeding from the head when officers arrived. Witnesses also showed officers a .32-caliber Iver Johnson revolver and a single round believed to belong to the 22-year-old. The man was arrested for disorderly conduct and cleared at Providence St. Mary Medical center before being taken to jail.
Umatilla County Sheriff
County Road, Milton-Freewater. A concerned citizen reported "hearing a young girl screaming on her road."
Elliot Road near Birch Creek Road, Milton-Freewater. A landowner reported someone dumped garbage on their property. Insurance papers were among the items thrown away.
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When Santa makes his list and checks it twice to find out who's naughty or nice, he won't be able to avoid the true fact that in the 21st century, the mainstream media —- which influences public opinion —- loves to reward bad behavior.
Just ask the cast of "Jersey Shore."
But sometimes being naughty can be nice. Especially when it's played for laughs. Which is why the incomporable Betty White —- who is well into her 80s —- was tapped by the Associated Press as entertainer of the year.
Everybody's favorite sassy grandma is without peer at being so naughty it's nice.
Some entertainers try too hard to be naughty:
Lindsay Lohan in and out of rehab and jail is tired. But it makes the mainstream media go ga-ga over covering it.
Speaking of ga-ga, how naughty is Lady GaGa anyway?
Let's let cranky old codger Andy Rooney of "60 Minutes" tackle that one:
"You ever wonder why celebrities always want to be naughty? When you're a child, it's cute sometimes when you're naughty. But not when you're supposed to be a grown up. Morley Safer is never naughty. Although him slipping that ecstasy into my Ovaltine was a little kinky. There's this Lady GaGa, who is a singer of sorts, I guess. She always tries to be naughty. And that's not always nice. Especially when she wore that meat dress. Even though a veal cutlet strategically placed was involved, it wasn't my idea of being naughty. Celebrities get angry when people wear fur —- and I don't understand why the fur didn't fly when Lady GaGa showed up looking like she was dressed by Sam the Butcher from the Partridge Family."
Cut to Charlie Sheen, who went berserko grande in a hotel room with a hooker. Charlie still thinks he's living in the 1980s and partying like t's 1999. Sorry, Charlie, the naughty boy image went out with the Bangels and the Rubik's Cube. You know your bad boy days are behind you when even cougars won't be seen with you for photo ops. Maybe if you got a Justin Bieber hair-do….
The writers and performers of "Saturday Night Live" think they're naughty —- but the show's relentless homoerotic sketches have worn as thin as the scripts offered to Mel Gibson. To "SNL": There's a difference between being cutting edge and cutting the cheese. No matter how your slice it, your sketches, which start off with promise but never seal the deal, stink.
Brett Favre thought he was being naughty when he sent obscene pictures of himself to that sports reporter hot chick who posed for Playboy. It didn't help when she told him that now she understands what is meant when they say football is a game of inches, and that he was always a yard short of making a first down. Brett thought it would be nice if he finally retired from being naughty. Wait, he just announced that he's coming out of retirement to be naughty again. No, he retired again. Wait, he's going to play at being naughty for one more year….
While still in the sports department, the InterWeb when Rex Ryan, the over-bearing coach of the New York J-E-T-S Jets, Jets, Jets, and his foot fetish video made with his wife a few years back, went viral. Naturally, during what was supposed to be a news conference about the team's upcoming game against Da Bears, questions turned to his naughtiness when it comes to feet.
This is not a naughty. There is no such category called Too Much Naughty Information. Well, maybe until now.
It makes sense then that in a game almost two week ago, a Jets asistant coach on the sideline tripped a Miami Dolphins player running down the sideline on a kickoff.
The Ryan Express foot fetish has spread all over the Jets coaching staff. No wonder why the team is called Gang-Green.
They can't wait for the other shoe to drop so they can see nekkid toes.
Ryan's favorite urban legend sports-related quote: "Say it ain't Toe, Joe"
Rex's favorite musical number: "Fetish Entertain You"
Ryan's favorite TV character: "Arch-ie Bunker"
Rex's favorite trendy food: "Toe-fu"
What he is seeking treatment for: "Athlete's Foot in Mouth Disease"
Headline used when he is responsible for team losing a game: "Ryan De-Feets His Purpose"
Meanwhile, at the other end of the spectrum, is it possible to be too nice?
Ask President Obama. People think he's a nice guy but he has a job approval rating hovering around 45 percent.
Now Bill Clinton was naughty —- and comics are still having a nice time picking apart his peccadilloes.
Clinton. Naughty. Economy was as healthy as his appetite for junk food.
Just saying.
Naughty wannabe of the year: Bristol Palin for going all taxi dancer on "Dancing with the Stars": Sorry, Unwed Mama Grizzly, naughty abstinence is a contradiction in terms.
Finally, there's Elmo. Elmo from "Sesame Street"? Yes, that Elmo. The perv. He made that naughty (supposedly) kiddie music video with the deliciously naughty Katy Perry. OK, there was nothing naughty about it except for the Gestapo Parent Association ("What about the Children!?") who got it banned from the kiddie show because they thought Katy showed too much cleavage.
First of all there is no such thing as too much cleavage —- but that's beside the point. The so-called parent watchdog group were worried that, what?, their two-year-old was going to stare at Katy's cleavage and say "Mama?"
Hey, it's not like Elmo asked Katy to tickle him.
Now that would have been naughty.


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Monday, April 30, 2012
This weekend was pretty much a wash. Well, not a TOTAL wash. Friday I stayed WITHIN GOAL!! It was exciting and I was MOTIVATED and EXCITED to continue on Saturday. And I did! I did EXCELLENTLY on Saturday... until about 10:00 pm. Then my fat girl broke through. I ate four servings of cookies and was on the war path to eat more. I don't even remember everything I ate, but it was a lot. Probably about 2800 calories (I can't remember, so that is an approximate estimate). I bounced back Sunday with renewed fervor, and stayed nearly within goal. I was about 200 calories over, which is not too shabby. I still had a net loss this weekend of a couple of pounds, so I guess it's all good.
But I do need to realize that the weekends are going to be the hardest for me. The weekends are where my success will hinge. I can absolutely get down to about 280 doing exactly what I am doing right now, but I won't get any further than that unless I buckle down on the weekends as well. That being said... I'm NOT at 280 right now and that IS somewhere I want to be. I'm not going to worry too much about weekend failure for now. I have a lot of work to do and it would be easiest if I could stick to a healthy schedule for the weekdays and let myself have a little more freedom on the weekends. I have plans to only drink pop on the weekends and I have plans to up my calories for the weekends by about 300. For now, anyway.
I'm sitting at 329.4 this morning, which is SO MUCH higher than I want to be, but five pounds down from Wednesday. Most of that is water, I'm aware. I'm also aware I have more water to lose, so I'm getting my cup and filling it up 8 times today. And today I am going to get a workout in. I'm determined. This evening I am going to work out for a half hour program on my elliptical and it is going to be fabulous. Hard, but fabulous. I have 15 pounds to lose this month and 15 pounds to lose next month if I am going to make my goal. It is absolutely possible, but I need to add exercise or I won't make it. I know myself and I know I can lose about 10 pounds a month by eating correctly (including the weekends). So in order to make this HARD but possible goal of being under 300 by July 1, I NEED to add exercise. It's boring, but it WILL work.
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Wonderful ideas from a wonderful family. A good book for laying the groundwork for simplifying ones life. So much information, so many fantastic insights, I love this book.Published 6 months ago by Alana L. Tompkins
Well written ,informative, and on target thoughts on what we need to be doing to crawl out of the way things are, in this country, and what we are creating on our precious earthPublished on June 18, 2008 by MARY BRATTON
I picked up this book because I like the "Newman's Own" product line and was interested in hearing about how the Newman's actually live their lives. Read morePublished on January 15, 2008 by Fierce Hugs
This is a great practical book. It's written by Nell Newman (Paul Newman's daughter) and discusses briefly her company Newman's Own. Read morePublished on July 11, 2007 by Joshua D. Brown
I love this book!! I try and read it often to refresh myself on the contents. I was impressed that the book was printed on recycled paper, a percentage of the profits go to charity... Read morePublished on February 20, 2007 by Amazon Customer
There's some rubbish going around that there are two rigidly defined, black-and-white categories of people in the USA: conservative Republicans who don't care about the... Read morePublished on September 24, 2006 by Wynne L.
I'm not a die-hard eco-liver, but I like to be good to the environment where I can. This book gave a lot of good ideas for just that. Read morePublished on July 25, 2006 by Drew Rhoades
The book may not have all that much to offer to those of us walking the talk environmentally, but it has great value as a book to give as a gift to someone who could use some... Read morePublished on May 28, 2006 by Elizabeth


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A method for inhibiting the ability of a biomaterial to sorb cationic antimicrobials comprising treating the surface of said biomaterial with a cationic polysaccharide.
1. A method for treating a hydrogel biomaterial comprising contacting the surface of said hydrogel biomaterial with a cationic polysaccharide to inhibit the ability of the hydrogel biomaterial to sorb cationic antimicrobials.
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The present invention is directed to the surface treatment of medical devices including ophthalmic lenses, stents, implants and catheters. In particular, the present invention is directed to a simple, low cost method of modifying the surface of a medical device to decrease its capacity to sorb cationic antimicrobials.
Medical devices such as ophthalmic lenses can generally be subdivided into two major classes, namely hydrogels and non-hydrogels. Non-hydrogels do not absorb appreciable amounts of water, whereas hydrogels can absorb and retain water in an equilibrium state.
Hydrogels are widely used as soft contact lens materials. It is known that increasing the hydrophilicity of the contact lens surface improves the wettability of the contact lenses. This in turn is associated with improved wear comfort of contact lenses. Additionally, the surface of the lens can affect the overall susceptibility of the lens to deposition of proteins and lipids from the tear fluid during lens wear. Accumulated deposits can cause eye discomfort or even inflammation. In the case of extended wear lenses (i.e. lenses used without daily removal of the lens before sleep), the surface is especially important, since extended wear lenses must be designed for high standards of comfort and biocompatibility over an extended period of time.
Both daily-wear lenses and extended-wear lenses need to be periodically cleaned and disinfected. Formulating multipurpose solutions that not only clean and disinfect but are also ophthalmically compatible has proven to be a significant technical challenge. It has also been found that some contact lenses become less ophthalmically compatible with repeated cycles of wearing and cleaning. While the presence of lipid and protein deposits are important factors in predicting comfort, the presence or absence of these deposits alone fails to account for the observation that fresh contact lenses are typically more comfortable in the eye than lenses that have undergone one or more cleaning/disinfection cycles. Thus the cleaning and disinfection cycle appears to cause lenses to become progressively less comfortable, and the reduction in ocular comfort appears not to be attributable to imperfect cleaning.
In the area of contact lens wetting/conditioning solutions, it has been found that polyelectrolytes can bind to a lens surface of opposite charge and form polyelectrolyte complexes. Such polyelectrolyte complexes have commercially been demonstrated to give more comfortable lens materials because of the greater adsorption of surface bound water. Examples of materials useful for forming such polyelectrolyte complexes are taught in U.S. Pat. No. 4,321,261 to Ellis et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 4,436,730 to Ellis et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,401,327 to Ellis et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,405,878 to Ellis et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,500,144 to Potini et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,604,189 to Zhang et al; U.S. Pat. No. 5,711,823 to Ellis et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,773,396 to Zhang et al.; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,872,086 to Ellis et al.
The following references provide examples of typical contact lens care solutions. British Patent 1,432,345 discloses contact lens disinfecting compositions containing a polymeric biguanide and a mixed phosphate buffer.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,758,595 to Ogunbiyi et al. disclosed that a contact-lens solution containing a polyaminopropyl biguanide (PAPB) has enhanced efficacy when combined with a borate buffer. Such solutions are compatible with both non-soft and soft-type lenses, and are adaptable for use with virtually any of the commonly known disinfecting techniques, including "cold" soaking under ambient temperature conditions, as well as with high temperature disinfecting methods. These disinfecting and preservative solutions are especially noteworthy for their broad spectrum of bactericidal and fungicidal activity at low concentrations coupled with very low toxicity when used with soft-type contact lenses. Ogunbiyi et al. stated that biguanide polymers in the higher molecular weight ranges usually demonstrate lower toxicity levels than the lower molecular weight materials.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,453,435 to Raheja et al. discloses a preservative system that comprises a combination of chlorhexidine and the biguanide polymer polyhexamethylene biguanide. This preservative system, used in commercial products for rigid-gas-permeable lenses, was found to exhibit a combination of improved efficacy and relatively low eye irritation.
Compositions containing PAPB and borate, or other non-phosphate buffers, have been commercialized in various products, but at levels of about 1 ppm or less for use with soft contact lenses. It is generally desirable to provide the lowest level of a bactericide possible, while maintaining the desirable level of disinfection efficacy, in order to provide a generous margin for safety and comfort.
Some of the most popular products for disinfecting lenses are multipurpose solutions that can be used to clean, disinfect and wet contact lenses, followed by direct insertion (placement on the eye) without rinsing. The ability to use a single solution for contact-lens care is an advantage. Such a solution, however, must be particularly gentle to the eye because some of the solution will be on the lens when inserted and will come into contact with the eye.
Contact lens solutions that qualify as a "Chemical Disinfecting Solution"do not require rubbing to meet performance criteria set by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) under the Premarket Notification (510 k) Guidance Document For Contact Lens Care Produce, May 1, 1997, for destroying bacteria and fungi. However, they would generally require a more efficacious or stronger antimicrobial than a solution that requires rubbing. It is generally true that the stronger the bactericidal effect of a solution the more likely that it may exhibit toxic effects or adversely affect lens-wearer comfort. In fact, many very efficacious bactericides used in other contexts, such as mouthwashes, cosmetics, or shampoos, while being sufficiently safe for use in such products, are too toxic for ophthalmic use, especially for use with soft lenses because of the above-mentioned tendency of soft lenses to bind chemicals and the sensitivity of eye tissues. Similarly, the concentrations of certain bactericides may need to be within lower limits in solutions for use with soft contact lenses than in other products or in solutions for other types of lenses, especially when such solutions are not rinsed from the contact lens before placing the lens in the eye. Thus one way to decrease ocular irritation is to use a lower concentration of antimicrobial in solution, provided that the concomitant decrease in antimicrobial efficacy is acceptable. It would also be desirable to decrease ocular irritation without decreasing the concentration of antimicrobial in solution or its disinfecting efficacy.
Certain antibacterial agents have been found to be more compatible with contact lenses and exhibit less binding on lens surfaces. In one case, it was found that chlorhexidine, a biguanide, binds to soft lens material seven times less than benzalkonium chloride, but the presence of proteinaceous oily tear-film deposits on a lens can double the amount of chlorhexidine absorbed on the lens compared to a clean lens. U.S. Pat. No. 4,354,952 discloses very dilute disinfecting and cleaning solutions containing chlorhexidine or its salts in combination with certain amphoteric and non-ionic surfactants. These solutions were found to reduce the amount of binding of chlorhexidine on hydrophilic soft contact lenses.
Thus it would be desirable to inhibit the extent to which contact lenses, especially hydrogel contact lenses, progressively sorb antimicrobials during repeated cleaning/disinfection steps. Inhibiting sorption of antimicrobials by the contact lens during the cleaning/disinfection step would then decrease the amount of antimicrobial available to be desorbed from the contact lenses into the tear film when the lenses are returned to the wearer's eyes. Such an improvement would enhance the long-term comfort of biomaterials (such as contact lens materials) that must be periodically cleaned and disinfected.
This invention provides a method for cleaning and disinfecting biomaterials that have the ability to reversibly sorb cationic antimicrobials. These biomaterials appear to accumulate antimicrobials when they are in contact with a solution having an antimicrobial concentration sufficient to drive sorption of the antimicrobial to the biomaterials. Then when the biomaterials contact an aqueous solution having lower antimicrobial concentrations, they desorb the antimicrobial over a period of time as the positively charged, ionically bound antimicrobial is released from the lens by displacement from endogenic ions in the tear film. The antimicrobial sorption behavior of hydrogel materials is of particular interest because hydrogels are commonly used as biomaterials, especially as contact lens materials.
This invention provides a method for inhibiting the ability of a biomaterial to sorb cationic antimicrobials. In one embodiment, the method of the invention comprises treating the surface of the biomedical material with a cationic polysaccharide. The surface of the biomaterial is preferably at least slightly anionic.
In another embodiment of the invention, the surface of the biomaterial may carry a net neutral charge or a net cationic charge, and the biomaterial may be treated with a linking agent to initially coat the surface of the biomaterial in order to present a net anionic charge prior to the treatment with the cationic polysaccharide.
Thus the invention provides a method for inhibiting the ability of a biomaterial to sorb antimicrobials comprising binding a cationic polysaccharide to the surface of the biomaterial. As used herein, the term "binding" refers to forming a relatively stable complex or other relatively stable attraction between the surface of a biomaterial and a polysaccharide with or without the addition of a linking agent, and is not limited to a particular mechanism. Thus "binding" may involve covalent bonds, hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions or other molecular interactions that enable the cationic polysaccharide of the invention to form a relatively tenacious surface coating on a biomaterial. While not to limit the scope of the present invention by a recitation of theory, the method of inhibiting the deposition of the antimicrobial on the lens by cationic polysaccharide appears to be related to the polycation being bound to available anionic sites on the biomaterial because of its greater charge density, thus preventing the sorption of the lower molecular weight, cationic antimicrobials. Additionally, or potentially, if the cationic antimicrobial is sorbed to the anionic biomaterial, it is possible that the cationic polysaccharide will displace the cationic antimicrobial because of its greater binding efficiency caused by its greater charge density. Both situations would thus lower the concentration of sorbed cationic antimicrobial on a biomaterial.
The method may further comprise treating the surface of the biomaterial to provide a net anionic charge on the surface before contacting said surface with said cationic polysaccharide. In one embodiment of the method of the invention, the biomaterial carries a net anionic surface charge and no intermediate treatment step is needed to modify the surface charge before binding said polysaccharide to the surface of the biomaterial. In another embodiment, the method includes contacting the surface of the biomaterial with a linking agent.
The method may employ different mechanisms for binding the cationic polysaccharide on the surface of the biomaterial. Examples of binding mechanisms include bonds such as ionic interactions, hydrogen-bonded interactions, hydrophobic interactions and covalent interactions. If the cationic polysaccharide is bound to the surface of the biomaterial through ionic interations, those ionic interactions are suitably between oppositely charged ionic groups on the biomaterial and the cationic polysaccharide contained in an aqueous solution. If the surface of the biomaterial has a net negative charge, that negative charge may be derived from at least one selected from the group consisting of carboxylate groups, sulfonate groups, sulfonate groups, phosphate groups, phosphinate groups and phosphonate groups. The cationic charge on the cationic polysaccharide may be derived from ammonium groups, quaternary ammonium groups, sulfonium groups, phosphonium groups, and other positively charged functional groups.
The method of the invention may also bind the cationic polysaccharide to the surface of the biomaterial through hydrogen-bonding interactions. These hydrogen-bonding interactions may occur between hydrogen-bond accepting surfaces and hydrogen-bond donating solutions, or between hydrogen-bond donating surfaces and hydrogen-bond accepting solutions. Examples of hydrogen-bond accepting groups include pyrrolidone groups, N,N-disubstituted acrylamide groups and polyether groups. Examples of suitable polyether groups include poly(ethylene glycol) or poly(ethylene oxide. Examples of suitable hydrogen-donating groups include carboxylic acids, phosphoric acids, phosphonic acids and phenolic groups.
The cationic polysaccharide may also attach to the surface of the biomaterial through interactions between hydrophobic sites on the biomaterial surface and interacting hydrophobic groups on the cationic polysaccharide. Covalent interactions may also exist between the biomaterial surface and the water-soluble cationic polysaccharide such that the cationic polysaccharide is bound to the biomaterial surface.
The biomaterial may be an ophthalmic lens, for example an intraocular lens or a contact lens. If the biomaterial is an ophthalmic lens, the lens is preferably fabricated from a material having a net anionic surface charge, either by bulk inclusion of anionic sites or by surface treatment.
Examples of useful cationic polysaccharides include those polysaccharides derived from the families based on cellulosics, guar gum, starch, dextran, chitosan, locust bean gum, gum tragacanth, curdlan, pullulan and seleroglucan. Of particular interest are the cationic polymers derived from cellulosic materials. It is believed that the degree of inhibition activity is related to the strength of the ionic bonding between the polymeric surface coating and the lens surface. Thus, stronger bonds are believed to enhance the desired inhibition effects.
The invention also provides a solution for disinfecting and/or cleaning contact lenses. The solution preferably comprises from about 0.1 to about 20 ppm of a biguanide antimicrobial; 0.05 to 2.5 weight percent of a buffer such as borate, phosphate, citrate, bicarbonate, tromethamine and mixtures thereof; 0.01 to 15 weight percent of a surfactant such as a poloxamer, poloxamine, polysorbate-20 and tyloxapol. Alternatively, the maximum concentration of the buffer in solution is an amount sufficient to provide the necessary buffering action while maintaining acceptable solution tonicity.
The solution further comprises one or more tonicity adjusting agents selected from the group consisting of inorganic salts, low molecular weight polyols, mono- and di-saccharides in concentration sufficient to provide solution osmolality of from about 200 to about 400 mOsm/kg.
The solution of the invention preferably comprises from 0.2 to 10 ppm of a biguanide antimicrobial; 0.1 to 1.5 weight percent of a buffer; 0.1 to 5 weight percent of a surfactant; and one or more tonicity adjusting agents in concentration sufficient to provide solution osmolality of 250 to 350 mOsm/kg.
The solution of the invention more preferably comprises from 0.3 to 5 ppm of a biguanide antimicrobial; 0.15 to 1 weight percent of a buffer; 0.4 to 2 weight percent of a surfactant; and one or more tonicity adjusting agents in concentration sufficient to provide solution osmolality of 280 to 320 mOsm/kg.
Examples of biomaterials useful in the present invention are taught in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,908,906 to K�nzler et al.; 5,714,557 to K�nzler et al.; 5,710,302 to K�nzler et al.; 5,708,094 to Lai et al.; 5,616,757 to Bambury et al.; 5,610,252 to Bambury et al.; 5,512,205 to Lai; 5,449,729 to Lai; 5,387,662 to K�nzler et al. and 5,310,779 to Lai; which patents are incorporated by reference as if set forth at length herein.
Rigid gas-permeable (RGP) materials typically comprise a hydrophobic cross-linked polymer system containing less than 5 wt. % water. RGP materials useful in accordance with the present invention include those materials taught in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,826,936 to Ellis; 4,463,149 to Ellis; 4,604,479 to Ellis; 4,686,267 to Ellis et al.; 4,826,936 to Ellis; 4,996,275 to Ellis et al.; 5,032,658 to Baron et al.; 5,070,215 to Bambury et al.; 5,177,165 to Valint et al.; 5,177,168 to Baron et al.; 5,219,965 to Valint et al.; 5,336,797 to McGee and Valint; 5,358,995 to Lai et al.; 5,364,918 to Valint et al.; 5,610,252 to Bambury et al.; 5,708,094 to Lai et al; and 5,981,669 to Valint et al. U.S. Pat. No. 5,346,976 to Ellis et al. teaches a preferred method of making an RGP material.
The invention is applicable to a wide variety of contact lens materials, and anionic contact lens materials, either rigid or soft, are particularly preferred. Hydrogels comprise hydrated, cross-linked polymeric systems containing water in an equilibrium state. Such hydrogels could be silicone hydrogels, which generally have a water content greater than about five weight percent and more commonly between about ten to about eighty weight percent. Such materials are usually prepared by polymerizing a mixture containing at least one silicone-containing monomer and at least one hydrophilic monomer. Applicable silicone-containing monomeric units for use in the formation of silicone hydrogels are well known in the art and numerous examples are provided in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,136,250; 4,153,641; 4,740,533; 5,034,461; 5,070,215; 5,260,000; 5,310,779; and 5,358,995.
In particular regard to contact lenses, the fluorination of certain monomers used in the formation of silicone hydrogels has been indicated to reduce the accumulation of deposits on contact lenses made therefrom, as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,954,587, 5,079,319 and 5,010,141. Moreover, the use of silicone-containing monomers having certain fluorinated side groups, i.e. —(CF2)—H, have been found to improve compatibility between the hydrophilic and silicone-containing monomeric units, as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,387,662 and 5,321,108.
Other non-silicone hydrogels used for extended wear applications are also applicable, provided that surface attachment of the cationic polysaccharide can be achieved. Rigid gas-permeable lenses are of interest because many of these materials utilize methacrylic acid units for wetting. These acid units generate an anionic surface that can complex a cationic polysaccharide.
Surface coating materials useful in the present invention include cationic polysaccharides, for example cationic cellulosic polymers. Specific examples include cellulosic polymers containing N,N-dimethylaminoethyl groups (either protonated or quaternized) and cellulosic polymers containing N,N-dimethylamino-2-hydroxylpropyl groups (either protonated or quaternized). Cationic cellulosic polymers are commercially available or can be prepared by methods known in the art. As an example, quaternary nitrogen-containing ethoxylated glucosides can be prepared by reacting hydroxyethyl cellulose with a trimethylammonium-substituted epoxide. Various preferred cationic cellulosic polymers are commercially available, for example water-soluble polymers available under the CTFA (Cosmetic, Toiletry, and Fragrance Association) designation "Polyquaternium-10". Such polymers are commercially available under the trade name of UCARE� Polymer from Amerchol Corp., Edison, N.J., USA. These polymers contain quaternized N,N-dimethylamino groups along the cellulosic polymer chain.
The cationic cellulosic component may be employed in the compositions at about 0.01 to about ten (10) weight percent of the composition, preferably at about 0.02 to about five (5) weight percent, with about 0.05 to about one (1) weight percent being especially preferred. Suitable cationic cellulosic materials have the following formula:
Wherein R1 R2 and R3 are selected from H, derivatives of C1-C20 carboxylic acid, C1-C20 alkyl groups, C1 to C3 monohydric and dihydric alkanols, hydroxyethyl groups, hydroxypropyl groups, ethylene oxide groups, propylene oxide groups, phenyl groups, "Z" groups and combinations thereof. At least one of R1, R2, and R3 is a Z group.
The nature of the "Z" groups is:
R′, R″ and R′″ can be H, CH3, C2H5, CH2CH2OH and
x=0-5, y=0-4, and z=0-5
X−=Cl−, Br−, I−, HSO4 −, CH3SO4 −, H2PO4 −, NO3 −
U.S. Pat. No. 5,645,827 to Marlin, et al. (incorporated by reference as if set forth at length herein for a discussion of cationic polysaccharides) discloses the use of compositions comprising a cationic polysaccharide in combination with an anionic therapeutic agent, for example, hyaluronic acid or its salt, which is a known demulcent for the treatment of dry eye. European Application 088770 A1 to Marlin et al. discloses cationic cellulose polymers to deliver cationic therapeutic agents, especially for the treatment of glaucoma.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,436,730 and 5,401,327 to Ellis, et al. (which are incorporated by reference as if set forth at length herein) disclose the use of cationic cellulosic derivatives in contact-lens treating solutions, including the combination of a cationic cellulose polymer and an ethoxylated glucose such as glucam.
Optionally, one or more additional polymeric or non-polymeric demulcents may be combined with the above-named ingredients. Demulcents are known to provide wetting, moisturizing and/or lubricating effects, resulting in increased comfort. Polymeric demulcents can also act as a water-soluble viscosity builder. Included among the water-soluble viscosity builders are the non-ionic cellulosic polymers like methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, and carboxymethyl cellulose, poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone), poly(vinyl alcohol) and the like. Such viscosity builders or demulcents may be employed in a total amount ranging from about 0.01 to about 5.0 weight percent or less. Suitably, the viscosity of the final formulation is 2 to 200 cps. Comfort agents such as glycerin or propylene glycol can also be added.
The solution used to treat the contact lenses in accordance with the invention contains a disinfecting amount of one or more cationic antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial agents are defined as organic chemicals that derive their antimicrobial activity through a chemical or physiochemical interaction with the microbial organisms. Examples of cationic antimicrobials include those generally employed in ophthalmic applications and include, but are not limited to, quaternary ammonium salts such as benzalkonium halides, biguanides such as free bases or salts of alexidine and chlorhexidine, hexamethylene biguanides and their polymers, polyquaterniuml, cytolytic peptides such as dermaseptin, ceropin and melittin, and combinations of the foregoing. The salts of alexidine and chlorhexidine can be either organic or inorganic and are typically gluconates, nitrates, acetates, phosphates, sulfates, halides and the like. The preferred antimicrobial is biguanide and the preferred biguanide is the hexamethylene biguanide commercially available from Zeneca, Wilmington, Del. under the trademark Cosmocil™ CQ. Generally, the hexamethylene biguanide polymers, also referred to as polyaminopropyl biguanide (PAPB), have molecular weights of up to about 100,000.
If used in the subject solution, the antimicrobial agent should be used in an amount that will at least partially reduce the microorganism population in the formulations employed. Preferably, a disinfecting amount is an amount that will reduce the microbial bioburden by two log orders in four hours and more preferably by one log order in one hour. Most preferably, a disinfecting amount is an amount that will eliminate the microbial burden on a contact lens when used in regimen for the recommended soaking time (FDA Chemical Disinfection Efficacy Test-July, 1985 Contact Lens Solution Draft Guidelines). Typically, such agents are present in concentrations ranging from about 0.1 to about 0.5% (w/v), and more preferably, from about 0.00003 to about 0.05% (w/v).
The aqueous solutions employed in this invention may contain, in addition to the active ingredients described above, one or more other components that are commonly present in ophthalmic solutions, for example, buffers, stabilizers, tonicity agents and the like, which aid in making ophthalmic compositions more comfortable to the user. The aqueous solutions of the present invention are typically adjusted with tonicity agents to approximate the tonicity of normal lacrimal fluids which is equivalent to a 0.9% solution of sodium chloride or 2.8% of glycerol solution. The solutions are made substantially isotonic with physiological saline used alone or in combination; otherwise, if simply blended with sterile water and made hypotonic or made hypertonic, the lenses will lose their desirable optical parameters. Correspondingly, excess salt or other tonicity agents may result in the formation of a hypertonic solution that will cause stinging and eye irritation. An osmolality of about 250 to 350 mOsm/kg is preferred, more preferably 280 to 320 mOsm/kg.
The pH of the present solutions should be maintained within the range of 5.0 to 8.0, preferably about 6.0 to 8.0, more preferably about 6.5 to 7.5; suitable buffers may be added, such as borate, phosphate, citrate, bicarbonate, tromethamine and mixtures thereof. Borate buffers are preferred, particularly for enhancing the efficacy of PAPB. Generally, buffers will be used in amounts ranging from about 0.05 to 2.5 weight percent, and preferably from 0.1 to 1.5 percent, and more preferably, from 0.15 to 1 weight percent.
In addition to buffering agents, in some instances it may be desirable to include sequestering agents in the present solutions in order to bind metal ions, which might otherwise react with the lens and/or protein deposits and collect on the lens. Ethylene-diaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and its salts (disodium) are preferred examples. They are usually added in amounts ranging from about 0.01 to about 0.2 weight percent.
The solutions employed in the present invention can be prepared by a variety of techniques. One method employs two-phase compounding procedures. In the first phase, about 30 percent of the distilled water are used to dissolve the cationic polysaccharide by mixing for about 30 minutes at around 50� C. The first-phase solution is then autoclaved at about 120� C. for 30 minutes. In a second phase, alkali metal chlorides, sequestering agents, preservatives and buffering agents are then dissolved in about 60 percent of the distilled water under agitation, followed by the balance of distilled water. The second-phase solution can then be sterilely added into the first-phase solution by forcing it through a 0.22 micron filter by means of pressure, followed by packaging in sterilized plastic containers.
As indicated above, the present invention is useful for improving comfort and wearability for extended-wear contact lenses. For that purpose, compositions for use in the present invention may be formulated as eye-drops and sold in a wide range of small-volume containers from 1 to 30 ml in size. Such containers can be made from HDPE (high density polyethylene), LDPE (low density polyethylene), polypropylene, poly(ethylene terepthalate) and the like. Flexible bottles having conventional eye-drop dispensing tops are especially suitable for use with the present invention. The eye-drop formulation of the invention used by instilling, for example, about one (1) or three (3) drops in the eye(s) as needed.
The present invention is also useful as a component of a cleaning, disinfecting or conditioning solution. The invention may also include surfactants, either amphoteric or non-ionic, that are known to be useful components of conditioning and/or cleaning solutions for contact lenses. Examples of suitable formulations for cleaning and/or disinfecting solutions are taught in U.S. Pat. No. 5,858,937 to Richard and Heiler, which is incorporated by reference as if set forth at length herein.
This example illustrates the binding effect of the cationic cellulosic polymer onto hydrophilic contact lenses. Three Surevue� lenses (manufactured by Johnson & Johnson, New Brunswick, N.J.) in three different solutions were submitted for comparison by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) analysis. Solution 1, for comparison, was a Blank Borate-Buffered Saline. Solution 2 was Solution 1 with 0.1% Polymer JR. Solution 3, for further comparison, was ReNu� MPS (manufactured by Bausch & Lomb, Rochester, N.Y.). The lenses were treated overnight, and then removed from the vials and desalinated in HPLC grade water in a static fashion for a minimum of 15 minutes. All lenses were cut with a clean scalpel on a clean glass substrate. The samples were dried, sectioned and placed on a clean substrate. Three 50�50 μm topographical images were acquired for each side (anterior and posterior) of the lenses using AFM. The AFM used in this study was the Dimension 3000 and was operated in ContactMode. The AFM works by measuring nano-scale forces (10−9N) between a sharp probe and atoms on the lens surface. The resulting AFM images showed that the anterior and posterior surfaces of the lenses stored in Blank Borate-Buffered Saline (Solution 1) as well as ReNu� MPS (Solution 3) showed no significant topographical change. The anterior and posterior surfaces of the lenses stored in Polymer JR solution (Solution 2) showed a significantly different topography. The surface is covered with a thin film, with multi-sized and shaped voids covering both anterior and posterior surfaces. These voids had an average depth of 40�10 nm. These void-like anomalies were not present in the lenses stored in Solution 1 or Solution 3. The voids had an effect on the Root Mean Square (RMS) roughness for the lenses stored in the Polymer JR solution.
The RMS surface roughness was calculated using the Nanoscope software (shown in Table below). The lenses stored in Solution 1 or Solution 3 had a smoother anterior and posterior surface compared to the anterior and posterior of lenses stored in the Polymer JR solution.
The AFM results shown above indicate that the cationic cellulosic polymer (Polymer JR) has an effect on the morphology of the lens surface, indicating a thin film covering with large multi-shaped and sized voids on the anterior and posterior side of the lens.
Example 2 evaluates whether the addition of a cationic polysaccharide, Polymer JR, to a preserved solution could reduce the uptake of that preservative into Surevue� contact lenses. Two preservatives were studied: alexidine and PHMB. UV analysis was carried out.
Method and Materials
UV-VIS absorbance spectra of the samples were determined on a Perkin Elmer Lambda 9 UV-VIS-NIR Spectrophotometer. The slit width utilized in the instrument resulted in a beam size of 10 mm high by 2 mm wide at the sample intercept. Quartz micro-cuvettes with a pathlength of 10 mm and a pathwidth of 4 mm were utilized to accommodate the small sample volumes. The appropriate solution was used in both cuvettes for the background run and in the reference cuvette for the sample scans.
The Perkin Elmer Lambda 9 UV-VIS-NIR Spectrophotometer was set up to the conditions shown below in Table 2.
Two buffers are examined with their compositions listed below:
Phosphate Buffer
0.016% sodium Phosphate (monobasic)
0.066% sodium Phosphate (dibasic)
0.88% Sodium Chloride
Borate Buffer
1.0% Boric Acid
0.4% Sodium Chloride
0.11% Sodium Borate
Results and Discussion
UV analysis was used to measure the absorbance of control alexidine and PHMB solutions. Both preservatives had a λmax=235 nm. There were two control alexidine solutions. The first control solution contained alexidine only, at 0.004%. It had an absorbance of 1.43. The second control solution contained alexidine at 0.004% and Polymer JR at 0.1%. It had an absorbance of 1.67. Twelve Surevue� lenses were added to 10 mls of each control solution. After a four-hour soak, the UV absorbance was measured again. The control solution containing only alexidine and 12 Surevue� lenses had an absorbance of 0.13. The control solution containing alexidine, Polymer JR and twelve lenses had an absorbance of 0.28. There were also two control PHMB solutions. The first control solution contained PHMB at 0.002% and Polymer JR at 0.1%. It had an absorbance of 1.2. The second solution contained PHMB only. It also had an absorbance of 1.2. Twelve Surevue� lenses were added to 10 mls of each control solution. After a four-hour soak, the UV absorbance were measured again. The control solution containing only PHMB and 12 Surevue� lenses had an absorbance of 0.23. The control solution containing PHMB, Polymer JR and twelve lenses had an absorbance of 0.46. Table 3 converts the UV absorbance to micrograms in the presence of twelve lenses in the 10 ml of solution.
The results showed that the addition of Polymer JR to a preserved solution reduced the uptake of PHMB and alexidine into Surevue� lenses.
Many other modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in light of the teachings herein. It is therefore understood that, within the scope of the claims, the present invention can be practiced other than as herein specifically described.
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Inexpensive and convenient place to stay in West Chester
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June 29, 2015
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We stayed overnight in a 2BR suite with young kids (ages 2
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If you are staying in the Cincinnati area then this is the hotel for you. It is clean and the staff is friendly. We stayed in a two bedroom, two bath suite which is perfect for my family to have privacy and still be together in a living room. It is close to Kings Island and the Sports Complex downtown. Breadfast and the Social are both great and free! Give it a try!
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Greece Seeks Criminal Charges for 9 Far-right MPs
ATHENS, Greece— Greek judges have asked Parliament to allow the prosecution of another nine lawmakers from the Nazi-inspired Golden Dawn party, which is being investigated for alleged criminal activities.
Approval of the request would mean that all 18 of the party's lawmakers face charges of running a criminal group. Greek Parliamentarians enjoy immunity from prosecution, which can only be lifted by a parliamentary vote.
So far, nine Golden Dawn MPs have been prosecuted, six of whom — including leader Nikos Mihaloliakos — were jailed pending trial. Prosecutors are waiting for the parliamentary vote so they could proceed against the other nine.
The crackdown on the extreme right-wing party started after last year's fatal stabbing of an anti-fascist musician by a Golden Dawn supporter in Athens.


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TV Info
CategoryReality TV
Starring :Lindsay Lohan
Lindsay Lohan's OWN Reality Show NOT CanceledApril 17, 2014 08:04:23
Lindsay Lohan's reality show is not canceled despite reports saying so. It is a matter of point of view because OWN never planned to order beyond eight episodes, the last of which will air on Sunday, April 20.
The report of cancellation first came from Mail Online which claimed that poor ratings were to blame. What initially thought to be a show/documentary turned out to be a "meltdown." Oprah Winfrey reportedly was tired of hearing her stories from other media outlets and was disappointed that she never told her about it on "Lindsay".
Rosie O'Donnell: Lindsay Lohan's Reality Show Is a TragedyApril 16, 2014 02:04:05
Rosie O'Donnell is no fan of "Lindsay". In fact, the TV personality has blasted the show, taking to Twitter on Sunday, April 13 to express her opinion, "The Lindsay show is a tragedy - on every level - I hope one day she gets sober for real and watches these episodes - n sees what we all do."
The reality show that airs every Sunday on OWN captures Lindsay Lohan's attempt to stay sober after completing her rehab stint last summer. It follows the former Disney star as she reunites with friends and family all the while trying to build her new life while living in the spotlight.
Lindsay Lohan Admits to Drinking Alcohol Again on Reality ShowApril 08, 2014 12:04:50
Lindsay Lohan indeed has a long road to sobriety. As captured on "Lindsay" cameras, the troubled star relapsed after completing her rehab stint last summer. In the latest episode of the docu-series aired Sunday, April 6 on OWN, the former Disney darling finally admitted to drinking alcohol again.
Lindsay's life coach got a tip from Lindsay's mom, Dina Lohan. She denied it at first, insisting, "I was not drinking. And this is something I don't feel comfortable discussing on camera," but later confessed that she drank again after jumping into a new relationship the month before.
First Trailer for Lindsay Lohan's OWN Docu-Series Shows the Tension During the FilmingMarch 05, 2014 01:03:19
OWN has finally released the first trailer for a Lindsay Lohan docu-series. As revealed before, the production didn't go smoothly and it's captured on camera. At one point in the video, director Amy Rice says they're not able to shoot because Lindsay has locked them out of her apartment.
Learning this, Oprah Winfrey decided to take the matters into her own hands. "This is exactly what everybody said was going to happen and I believed differently," she says in the trailer. She later tells Lindsay, "My truth is I really do want you to win...If that isn't what you want, I'm OK with that, you know? I will tell these guys to pack up and leave today."
Lindsay Lohan's Docu-Series Gets Premiere Date, Oprah Winfrey Admits LiLo Is Difficult to Work WithJanuary 10, 2014 04:01:46
OWN has set a premiere date for Lindsay Lohan's documentary series. Billed as an eight-episode reality series, the show that follows the former Disney star since she's released from rehab will debut Sunday, March 9 at 10 P.M.
Oprah Winfrey put a lot of trust in the troubled starlet. Scoring the first interview with Lohan after her 90-day court-mandated rehab, the former daytime talk show queen reportedly offered LiLo $2 million for the docu-series.


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Morgan Lewis Smith
|Morgan Lewis Smith
March 8, 1822
Oswego County, New York
|December 29, 1874
(aged 52)
Jersey City, New Jersey
|United States of America
|Years of service
|Brigadier General
|Commands held
|8th Missouri Volunteer Infantry
Morgan Lewis Smith (March 8, 1822 – December 29, 1874) was a Union general in the American Civil War.
Smith was born in Oswego County, New York. In 1843 he settled in Indiana, and later had some military experience in the United States Army. At the outbreak of the Civil War he raised the 8th Missouri Volunteer Infantry, of which he was elected Colonel in 1861. He commanded a brigade at the capture of Fort Donelson, and performed well at Shiloh. At these two battles his losses included only dead and wounded, none missing or captured. This was a testimony to Smith's leadership, considering other commands lost thousands to skulkers and prisoners during both battles.[1] In mid-May Smith was transferred to command the 1st Brigade in William T. Sherman's division. Smith's brigade took an active part in the siege of Corinth being the lead brigade in the fight for Russell's House and the attack on the double log house.
In July 1862 he was made a brigadier general of volunteers and served under Sherman in the Vicksburg Campaign. At the Battle of Chickasaw Bayou he received a severe wound, from which he would not recover until October 1863. He rejoined the Army of the Tennessee before Chattanooga.
He led his division in the battle of Chattanooga, and in the following year's Atlanta Campaign. During the Battle of Atlanta he temporarily commanded the XV Corps when John A. Logan assumed command of the Army of the Tennessee after James B. McPherson's death. He returned to command his division at the battle of Ezra Church but was soon forced to leave active field command due to complications from his wound received at Chickasaw Bluffs.[2] Afterwards he was placed in charge of Vicksburg. General Sherman said of M.L. Smith, "He was one of the bravest men in action I ever knew."
After the Civil War Smith served as U.S. Consul in Honolulu, Hawaii. He died at Jersey City, New Jersey. His brother, Giles Alexander Smith, was also a noted Union general.
See also[edit]
- This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
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