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Australia's haunted Monte Cristo Homestead
It's not so bad in the sunshine….
Rather lovely in fact. But the Monte Cristo Homestead is said to be the most haunted house in Australia.
The homestead/estate is located in the town of Junee in New South Wales. It was built by Australian pioneer Christopher William Crawley in 1885.
Mr. Crawley clawed his way up from a poor struggling farmer to a succesful local entrepreneur. He raised his family in this beautiful two-story home.
Mr. Crawley died in 1910. It is said that Mrs. Crawley only left the Monte Cristo house two times in the decades following her husband's death!
The widow Crawley passed away in 1933 but the home remained in the family until 1948. The property was then left in the care of absentee caretakers and quickly fell into disrepair.
In 1963 the property was purchased by Reg and Olive Ryan who then spent the next few decades restoring the house to its former glory.
The original house, grounds and outbuildings now operate as a museum/tourist attraction.
Come have a look inside the main house….
The décor seems to be frozen in time, but the home was actually in complete ruins in the decades after the Crawley family left and it had to be totally rehabed. It seems that the caretakers during that 20 year period were derelict in their duties and vandals invaded and destroyed the house.
But you'd never know that from these photos.
A ghostly Mrs. Crawley – grieving and unsettled – is rumored to haunt the house. But there are also multiple reports of strange lights, disembodied sounds, and even unexplained animal mutilations on the property. *shiver*
These strange occurrences are attributed to several incidents that took place on the grounds including the murder of a former caretaker in the house, and the imprisonment of a mentally ill man for many years in the on-site dairy.
Also, a maid fell to her death from the home's balcony; a boy reportedly died in a stable fire; and a child was apparently "dropped" down the stairs in the main house and died.
This place is CREEPY!
You can take a room by room virtual tour of Monte Cristo Homestead when you click on the highlighted link.
You may also like...
7 Responses to Australia's haunted Monte Cristo Homestead
I ain't scared of no ghost.lol "ghostbusters"
I believe this was the house featured so prominently in the TV mini-series The Thornbirds. I've got to check to see if it's on Netflix.
The Thornbirds house? Would love to know about that too Barbara, as I read the book and have seen the movie a few times. I want some of the furniture in this creepy house. All those deaths in one place seems out of balance!
Scary history and rumors aside, I really like this house, particularly the entryway. The only thiing that looks creepy is the bedroom with the extremely patterned wallpaper and the creepy doll in the chair.


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An interest in fashion also seems to beget an assumption of selfishness and mean-spiritedness.
A society which is willing to accept increasing levels of violence is a society that will beget more of it.
The Oscars also like down-and-out characters and misunderstood geniuses, both of which tend to beget low-talkers.

subset: commoncrawl


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Sinister Tombs Haunted House in Eastview recently donated more than $15,000 in costumes to Kosair Charities.
Gary Harbin of the Kentucky Teacher Retirement System spoke at The Elizabethtown Hardin LaRue Retired Teacher Association's meeting.
The Goldenrod Homemakers met Sept. 11 at the Hardin County Extension Office. Club members answered roll call to name your favorite fall recipe.
Alice Bennett gave the lesson on "What Every Woman Should Know About Money." She also was the hostess.
The club will meet in October at the Hardin County Extension Office with Nadine Bush as hostess and Mary Martin as lesson leader.
The Vine Grove Woman's Club celebrated the grand opening of the Community Lending Library on Oct. 2. The hours of operation are from 8 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Monday through Friday. Visitors are invited to exchange, borrow or donate books. There is an extensive variety as well as a children's section. The next meeting is at 7 p.m. Nov. 6 at Vine Grove City Hall. Light refreshments will be served. New members are welcome. For information, call Donna Betson, 877-7066.
The Elizabethtown High School Class of 1957 held its 55th class reunion the weekend of Oct. 12. On Friday afternoon, a potluck, hosted by Cliff and Carolyn Horn, was held at a pavilion at Sportsman Lake. On Saturday, lunch was at Back Home and some classmates attended the showing of a Don Knotts movie at the State Theater. Saturday evening, dinner was at Stone Hearth and afterward classmates spent time reminiscing. Sunday morning, several attended a farewell breakfast at Panera. Approximately 20 classmates, along with spouses or friends, attended some or all of the events.
At the October meeting of the Central Kentucky Art Guild, two local artists were named Artist of the Month. In the professional category, Martha Jean Hollenbeck was selected for her watercolor and acrylic painting, "Clouds". In the intermediate category, Elsie Hall won for her pastel painting, "Look to the Clouds". Hall's painting will hang at Cobbler's Café in Elizabethtown. For information on the art guild, visit centralkyartguild.com.
Noel and Margaret Galloway will celebrate their 80th birthdays from 2 to 5 p.m. Oct. 27, 2012, at Tunnell Hill Baptist Church, 734 Tunnel Hill Church Road, Elizabethtwon.
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MONTERREY, Mexico (AP) — The remains of Mexican-American music star Jenni Rivera were headed back to the United States after being identified by her family, state officials said Thursday.
The Nuevo Leon state government announced that it had released the remains. State security spokesman Jorge Domene said earlier in the day that Rivera's family had made a positive identification but there would a delay of several days while DNA tests were completed. The government did not immediately explain the discrepancy.
Officials also said that two state police officers had been arrested on suspicion of stealing unspecified items from the scene of the plane crash that killed Rivera Sunday.
The Nuevo Leon state government said authorities also found images of the scene on the smartphone of one of the officers while trying to determine how the Mexican media obtained photographs of the secured site, including images of body parts and personal documents.
Investigators searched the homes of the officers who secured the crash site and found victims' belongings in two homes. The government said it then arrested the two officers.
The officers belong to a new state police force designed to be more effective and less corrupt.
Mexico's top transportation official said Tuesday that the plane carrying Rivera plunged almost vertically from more than 28,000 feet and hit the ground in a nose-dive at a speed that may have exceeded 600 mph.
Continue reading this story on the...


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Bahá'í Faith in Pakistan
|Part of a series on
|Bahá'í Faith
|Central figures
|Key scripture
|Holy sites
|Other topics
The Bahá'í Faith in Pakistan begins previous to its independence when it was part of India. The roots of the Bahá'í Faith in the region go back to the first days of the Bábí religion in 1844,[1] with Shaykh Sa'id Hindi who was from Multan.[2] During Bahá'u'lláh's lifetime, as founder of the religion, he encouraged some of his followers to move to the area that is current-day Pakistan.[3]
In 1921 the Bahá'ís of Karachi elected their first Bahá'í Local Spiritual Assembly.[2] In 1923, still as part of India, a regional National Spiritual Assembly was formed for all India and Burma which then included the area now part of Pakistan.[4] By 1956 Bahá'í local assemblies spread across many cities,[5] and in 1957, East and West Pakistan elected a separate National Bahá'í Assembly from India and later East Pakistan became Bangladesh with its own national assembly.[4] Waves of refugees arrived in 1979 due to the Soviet Union invasion of Afghanistan and the Iranian Revolution in Iran.[6][7]
The Bahá'ís in Pakistan have the right to hold public meetings, establish academic centers, teach their faith, and elect their administrative councils.[8] However, the government prohibits Bahá'ís from travelling to Israel for Bahá'í pilgrimage.[9] The World Christian Encyclopedia estimated over 78,000 Bahá'ís lived in Pakistan in 2000[10] and over 92800 in 2005[11] though Bahá'ís claimed less than half that number.[9]
Early period[edit]
The roots of the Bahá'í Faith in the region go back to the first days of the Bábí religion in 1844.[1] Four Babis are known from India in this earliest period — it is not known from what sub-region most of them came from but at least some of them were known as Sufis and some termed Sayyid.[12] The first was Shaykh Sa'id Hindi — one of the Letters of the Living who was from Multan then in India.[2][13] Basir-i-Hindi was a member of the Jalalia sect who also converted in this early period from the region which later became Pakistan. After embracing the Babí religion, Hindi set out to Iran but learned that the Báb had been confined to the hills of Azerbaijan and made his way to Fort Tabarsi where he was one of four Indians listed among the 318 Bábís who fought at the Battle of Fort Tabarsi.[2][14] After that he went to Nur and met Bahá'u'lláh and later moved to Luristan where he worked in the court of the governor of Luristan, Yaldram Mirza. When the governor learned he was a Babí he was killed.[2]
Early Bahá'í period[edit]
During Bahá'u'lláh's lifetime, as founder of the Bahá'í Faith, he encouraged some of his followers to move to India.[3] After first visiting Mumbai, India, Jamal Effendi visited Karachi in 1875 on one of his trips to parts of Southern Asia.[2] His trips included Lahore, Sialkot, Jammu, Kashmir, Ladakh.[2] Following the passing of Bahá'u'lláh, the leadership of the religion fell to `Abdu'l-Bahá and he in turn sent further representatives to the region — followers who travelled to the region included both Persians and Americans and included Sydney Sprague and Mirza Mahmood Zarghaní.[2][15]
On instructions from `Abdu'l-Bahá, Zarghaní stayed in Lahore for most of 1904 and subsequently travelled to nearby regions.[2] During his stay Zarghaní became acquainted with Muhammad Iqbal. There is information that an American Bahá'í was in Lahore about 1905; little is known except that he became sick with cholera but recovered under care from a Bahá'í, Mr. Kaikhosru, who came from (then named) Bombay to nurse him but himself died of the disease.[16]
The first Bahá'í to settle in current-day Pakistan may have been Muhammad Raza Shirazi who became a Bahá'í in Mumbai in 1908 and settled in Karachi.[2] As early as 1910 the national community in India/Burma was being urged to visibly distinguish itself from Islam by the Bahá'í institutions of America.[17] Jamshed Jamshedi moved from Iran to Karachi in 1917 and Mirza Qalich Beg translated the Hidden Words into Sindhi.[2] National coordinated activities across India began and reached a peak with the first All-India Bahá'í Convention which occurred in Mumbai for three days in December 1920.[15] Representatives from India's major religious communities were present as well as Bahá'í delegates from throughout the country. In 1921 the Bahá'ís of Karachi elected their first Bahá'í Local Spiritual Assembly.[2]
Growth and challenges[edit]
In 1923, still as part of India, a regional National Spiritual Assembly was formed for India and Burma which then included the area now part of Pakistan.[4] Martha Root, an American Bahá'í, visited Karachi and Lahore in 1930[16] and again in 1938 when she stayed for three months and supervised the publication of her book titled Tahirih — the Pure.[2] She died about a year later.[18] The Bahá'ís of Karachi obtained land for a cemetery in 1931.[19] Mirza Tarazullah Samandari, later appointed as a Hand of the Cause — a distinguished rank in the religion —, visited the area several times; he first visited the region in 1930, and then again in 1963, 1964, 1966, and in 1993 travelling to many cities. From 1931 to 1933, Professor Pritam Singh, the first Bahá'í from a Sikh background, settled in Lahore and published an English language weekly called The Baha'i Weekly and other initiatives. A Bahá'í publishing committee was established in Karachi in 1935. This body evolved and is registered as the Baha'i Publishing Trust of Pakistan. In 1937, John Esslemont's Bahá'u'lláh and the New Era was translated into Urdu and Gujarati in Karachi.[2][20] The Committee also published scores of Bahá'í books and leaflets in Urdu, English, Arabic, Persian, Sindhi, Pushtu, Balochi, Gojri, Balti and Punjabi and memorials including those marking the centenaries of the declaration of the Báb and Bahá'u'lláh.[21]
The Local Spiritual Assembly of Quetta was formed in 1943 by Bahá'ís from Mumbai and Iran while the Local Spiritual Assembly of Hyderabad was also formed in 1943 by Bahá'ís from Karachi. A spiritual assembly was elected for the first time in Jammu in 1946. Bahá'ís from Karachi were among those to help elect the local spiritual assemblies in Sukkur and Rawalpindi in 1948. Further local assemblies were formed in Sialkot in 1949, Multan, Chittagong, and Dhaka in 1950, Faisalabad in 1952, Sargodha in 1955, and Abbottabad, Gujranwala, Jahanabad, Mirpurkhas, Nawabshah, and Sahiwal by 1956 thus raising the number of local spiritual assemblies to 20. Hand of the Cause Dorothy Beecher Baker spoke at a variety of events in India extending her stay twice to speak at schools – her last public talk was in Karachi in early 1954.[22] Meanwhile a Muslim émigré from near Lahore, Fazel (Frank) Khan, moved to Australia where he was asked to present the teachings of Islam at a Bahá'í school and was so affected by the class that he and his family converted to the Bahá'í Faith in 1947.[23] On two later occasions Fazel visited his home village and endeavoured to teach them his new religion. On the first visit there was no response, but during the second visit a cousin converted in the town of Sialkot.[24] On the other hand a fatwa was issued in Sialkot against the Bahá'ís.[25]
Plans for an independent national assembly for Pakistan began as early as spring 1954.[26] A regional convention in Karachi in 1956 had 17 delegates.[27] With independence from India proceeding, the Bahá'ís of East and West Pakistan elected a separate Bahá'í National Spiritual Assembly from India in 1957,[2][4][28] witnessed by Hand of the Cause Shu'á'u'llah 'Alá'í.[29] The Bahá'ís elected to this first national assembly included Isfandiar Bakhtiari, Chaudhri Abdur Rehman, Faridoon Yazameidi, A.C. Joshi, M.H. IImi, Abdul Abbas Rizvi, M.A. Latif, Nawazish Ali Shah, and Mehboob Iiahi Qureshi. Joshi in particular was then the Chairman of the national assembly and had been elected to assemblies since 1947 and eventually in other institutions.[28] The new national assembly saw to the publishing of a history of the Bahá'í Faith in Pakistan in 1957.[30] In 1960 when Mason Remey made his unsuccessful claims for leadership, a small group of Bahá'ís in Pakistan accepted his claims and published some materials from 1965 through 1972 but have not been active since then.[31] This Hereditary group never formed a significant group around the world.[3] In 1961 the national assembly held a reception to honor the dedication of the Bahá'í House of Worship in Australia by inviting Australian and other diplomats as well as judges of Pakistani courts, business leaders and college professors[32] while the local assembly of Sukkur hosted a regional summer school.[33] In 1962 one was hosted by the local assembly of Quetta.[34] In 1963 the Universal House of Justice, the international governing body of the Bahá'ís, was elected and all nine members of the Pakistani National Spiritual Assembly participated in the voting.[35] In 1964 Hand of the Cause Tarázu'lláh Samandari visited Bahá'ís and social leaders in Dacca, East Pakistan at the time.[36] From 1946 through the 1980s the Bahá'í publishing trust published a variety of works oriented to youth.[37]
Multiplying interests, growth, and refugees[edit]
Since its inception the religion has had involvement in socio-economic development beginning by giving greater freedom to women,[38] promulgating the promotion of female education as a priority concern,[39] and that involvement was given practical expression by creating schools, agricultural coops, and clinics.[38] In Pakistan 1967 was a year of multiplying activities. The Bahá'í youth of Karachi sponsored a youth symposium on world peace,[40] the community at large elected a woman to the national assembly,[41] for the first time elected a local assembly in Rahim Yar Khan,[42] and held a reception for a Bahá'í from the Sokoine University of Agriculture in Morogoro with guests including executive engineers, attorneys, businessmen and industrialists, doctors, press representatives, bankers and university students.[43] In 1972 the assembly of Karachi held an observance of United Nations Day which over one hundred people attended. Talks presented dealt with the elimination of racial discrimination.[44] Also in 1972 the government of Pakistan invited the National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís to send a delegate to participate in a Conference of the Religious Minorities.[45] By 1974 there were Bahá'ís that were members of the Bhil tribe in Thatta.[46] In 1975 Bahá'ís held meetings for the International Women's Year[47] and a seminar on "Education in Pakistan."[48] In 1976 Bahá'ís were invited to participate in a week long celebration of minorities.[49] Later Bahá'ís and non-Bahá'ís gathered to commemorate Letter of the Living Táhirih[50] and a Bahá'í was acknowledged as part of the delegation from Pakistan to an Asian conference on religion and peace by the chief Muslim delegate late in the conference.[51] In 1977 membership of the Bahá'ís reached the state of Kalat[52] and Tharparkar.[53] The 1977 winter school gathered 250 Bahá'ís[53] while 1978's gathered 350.[54] In 1978 conditions in Afghanistan, including the Soviet invasion, lead to many Afghan Bahá'ís being arrested in that country and many fled to Pakistan.[6] Iranian Bahá'ís also fled to Pakistan from Iran in 1979 due to the Iranian Revolution.[7] In 1979 the New Day Montessori School was established with ten students but would grow in time to three hundred and most of the students were not Bahá'ís.[2][55][56] At this time Bahá'ís report there were 83 assemblies amongst many hundreds of places Bahá'ís lived which included three district centers and there were 47 delegates to the national convention.[57] In winter 1979–80 Zahida Hina gave a speech on the life and works of Táhirih at a women's conference.[58] In spring 1980 for the International Year of the Child the local assembly of Hyderabad organized an event that showcased children's art, essays, singing and quiz competitions,[59] and the topic of the elimination of racial prejudice was a theme in Bahá'í gatherings in several cities.[60] In the summer an institute and a seminar were held for children and youth covering a variety of topics including "The Role of Baha'i Youth during Political Upheavals."[61] That fall and winter further gatherings were held, this time commemorating the United Nations Day (which highlighted the Commission for Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities) and a talk by a professor of Superior Science College (see Government Colleges affiliated with the University of Karachi) which encouraged discussion on the elimination of prejudices.[62] Before spring 1981 the youth of Karachi organized a conference recapitulating many of the same themes of games, quizzes, a poster contest and round of prayers.[63] Come April and May there was a broad attempt at engaging several interest groups from primary and secondary schools, universities and colleges, professional publishers and the general public through a radio broadcast.[64] Still that spring, president of Pakistan, Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, wrote an executive order categorizing the Bahá'í Faith as a non-Muslim religion.[65] That December the Bahá'ís again held an observance of United Nations Day in several cities that received press coverage from print and radio.[66] Representatives of the Muslim, Christian, Hindu, Zoroastrian and Bahá'í communities gathered for a symposium in the fall of 1982 with the theme, "The Increasing Social Unrest in the World Today and its Solution" while presentations were made to judges and lawyers about the Persecution of Bahá'ís in Iran.[67] Still in the fall a women's conference brought together sixty non-Baha'i women who were wives of judges, university professors, headmistresses and teachers to hear talks.[68] And in January 1983 a multi-faith presentation covered "the need of religion" on World Religion Day held in Karachi.[69] In February and April Bahá'ís gathered for regional school sessions in Karachi, Quetta, Rawalpindi and Sibi.[70] In August assemblies were formed for the first time in Sialkot, near Lahore, and Multan, the birthplace of Letter of the Living, Sa'id-i-Hindi.[71] In September a symposium on Táhirih was held with presentations including Sahar Ansari, a professor of Urdu at the University of Karachi and Zahida Hina with the attendance of noted Pakistani poet, Jon Elia.[72] Also in September a Bahá'í women's group decided to provide treats to students at a government school for physically and mentally handicapped children which evolved into the first set of volunteers helping in the school ever had.[73] The religion entered a new phase of activity when a message of the Universal House of Justice dated 20 October 1983 was released.[74] Bahá'ís were urged to seek out ways, compatible with the Bahá'í teachings, in which they could become involved in the social and economic development of the communities in which they lived. Worldwide in 1979 there were 129 officially recognized Bahá'í socio-economic development projects. By 1987, the number of officially recognized development projects had increased to 1482. From December 1984 through July 1985 more than ten vocational or tutorial schools had been set up in several cities and run by Bahá'ís or Bahá'í assemblies.[75] Also in the early 1980s, Bahá'ís in Pakistan started social and economic development projects like small-scale medical camps.[76] In the middle 1980s Iranian Bahá'í refugees who had come to Pakistan began to arrive in other countries.[77][78] The office attending to the refugees attracted visitors from governments and institutions including members of the United Nations High Commission for Refugees (LSHCR) in Islamabad and Lahore; an official from the Ministry of Justice of the Nelherlands; a delegation from Finland that included the Ambassador from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ambassador of the Embassy of Finland in Tehran, and three senior officials of the Finnish government; and the Australian Immigration Officer from Canberra.[79] In 1985 the Universal House of Justice published The Promise of World Peace and in 1986 and the assembly of Hyderabad used the occasion of the International Year of Peace to sponsor a symposium on world peace and present the document to attendees.[80] In 1989 Bahá'ís from Karachi moved to and elected the first local assembly in Muzaffarabad[2] while Bahá'ís from Quetta sponsored a week long series of student competitions that were run in 11 schools in Baluchistan – each day different activities were run; The Elimination of Prejudice, national songs, a quiz game, and a drama contest were among the events held.[81] In 1998, when the Taliban authorities in Afghanistan arrested many Bahá'ís, many fled to Pakistan but many were able to return by 2002.[6]
Modern community[edit]
The religion has continued to grow – in 1990 several individuals converted from Ahmadiyyah to the Bahá'í Faith and formed an assembly.[82] The Pakistani Bahá'í community currently had the right to hold their public meetings, establish academic centres, teach their religion, and elect their administrative councils.[8] Indeed government officials have occasionally attended events at Bahá'í centres.[83] However, the government prohibits Bahá'ís from travelling to Israel for Bahá'í pilgrimage.[9] The government of Pakistan also voted against the United Nations resolution Situation of Human Rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran in 19 December 2001 raised in response to the Persecution of Bahá'ís in Iran.[84] In 2003 a series of youth collaborations highlighted internal developments in the community using the Ruhi Institute process.[85] Indeed nearly 1000 individuals have participated in Ruhi training by 2004,[86] and classes have continued through 2007.[87] In 2004 the Bahá'ís of Lahore began seeking for a new Bahá'í cemetery.[88]
By 1999 the number of Bahá'ís in the country was around 19,000; circa 2001 that number rose to some 30,000 adherents.[9] The World Christian Encyclopedia estimated over 78,000 members of the religion in the country in 2000[10] and over 92800 in 2005.[11]
See also[edit]
- ^ a b "The Bahá'í Faith -Brief History". Official Website of the National Spiritual Assembly of India. National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of India. 2003. Archived from the original on 14 April 2009. Retrieved 2009-04-04.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q "History of the Bahá'í Faith in Pakistan". Official Webpage of the National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of Pakistan. National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of Pakistan. 2008. Retrieved 2009-04-12.
- ^ a b c Momen, Moojan; Smith, Peter. "Bahá'í History". Draft A Short Encyclopedia of the Baha'i Faith. Bahá'í Library Online. Retrieved 2009-04-04.
- ^ a b c d Hassall, Graham. "Notes on Research on National Spiritual Assemblies". Research notes. Asia Pacific Bahá'í Studies. Retrieved 2008-12-21.
- ^ Compiled by Hands of the Cause Residing in the Holy Land. "The Bahá'í Faith: 1844–1963: Information Statistical and Comparative, Including the Achievements of the Ten Year International Bahá'í Teaching & Consolidation Plan 1953–1963". pp. 47, 51, 107.
- ^ a b c "Bahá'í Faith in Afghanistan". Unofficial Website of the Bahá'ís of Afghanistan. Afghan Bahá'ís. Retrieved 2009-04-12.
- ^ a b Chun, Lisa (2008-07-16). "Message of Persecution – Fairfax doctor recalls Iranian persecution of father, members of Bahá'í faith.". Arlington Connection.
- ^ a b Wardany, Youssef (2009). "The Right of Belief in Egypt: Case study of Baha'i minority". Al Waref Institute. Archived from the original on 15 March 2009. Retrieved 2009-04-04.
- ^ a b c d compiled by Wagner, Ralph D. "Pakistan". Synopsis of References to the Bahá'í Faith, in the US State Department's Reports on Human Rights 1991–2000. Bahá'í Academics Resource Library. Retrieved 2009-04-12.
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External links[edit]


text:
September 16, 2014
RSX BASE 2006 - Better throttle response, better engine tone slightly deeper, probably a horse power boost of like 1hp. VERY good performance filter
Cary, North Carolina
September 16, 2014
Awsome look and great fit and finish.
Cahill, new York
September 16, 2014
I have been using K&N products for about 15 years and haven't been disappointed yet.
Richard Wells
Los Gatos California
September 16, 2014
I just want to let you guys know I own a 2002 Jeep Wrangler and I recently had to get it smogged but the decal wore off so I need to get a new one. Let me tell you, the word is out. I'm telling everyone I know. Your customer service is outstanding. Miles ahead of the rest. This is why I purchased this for my 2013 Honda Civic and as soon as you make one for my 2013 Honda CRF 250L I'll be purchasing one for it as well. Please let Brenda O. know, perfection at its best. Keep doing what it is you do.
Thank you.
Kevin Kadowaki
Frazier Park, California
September 15, 2014
The filter does what it is designed to do, it filters oil. It is easy to install and to replace. The rubber gasket on the front and back end of the filter are working and easy to remove. The only thing that I've noticed is that the rubber gasket will collapse of you torque the inner oil filter cover. This did not seem to affect the working of the filter.
Tucson, Arizona
September 15, 2014
The K&N Air Filter that I recently purchased for my 2004 Toyota Celica GT has been an incredible upgrade! Since the K&N upgrade my Celica GT has gained improvements in both acceleration, and over all gas mileage! Also, judging by both sound & feel the engine is without question running the way it was intended! Thank you K&N for making such an amazing product!
Ricky DiPietro
Concord, New Hampshire
September 15, 2014
Best choice when you need to replace your stock air filter.
Better and smoother throttle response.
I always put a K&N in every vehicle I own.
Mark Kapitan
September 15, 2014
You had me at K&N. I've used them for years on my cars and race bikes. I had been trying to get an air filter for my '14 Cherokee from the day I brought it home in Jan. It's true that my NEW car runs noticeably better since I put it in. Mileage seems to be improved and I can't wait for a road trip to get a good read .
Bill Bastek
Southington, Connecticut
September 15, 2014
Improved Performance
Mike Rumsey
Madison, Indiana
September 15, 2014
Another great experience! K&N products are the best, no other filter goes into my car. And, I always buy direct from the source.
Terrence Ridge
Moon Township, Pennsylvania
September 15, 2014
Love the tone it gives!! My Si opens up faster in the higher RPMs.
September 15, 2014
Easy, fast to clean and lubricate the filter...
Edward Ilowiecki
New York
September 15, 2014
Great product, really increased the performance of my HD Street Bob.
Oahu, Hawaii
September 15, 2014
Great filter fast shipping. Will buy from again.
September 15, 2014
When I bought this filter I was a bit skeptical of its claims. But after installation I am amazed. I own a 2002 Honda 954RR with 33,000+ miles and after replacing the filter it was as though I bought a turbocharger. Acceleration increased quite a bit. I will never buy another brand or recommend any but K&N.
Christopher P.
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
September 14, 2014
Enjoying throttle response and little more horsepower.
Farrell Chester
Shiprock, New Mexico
September 13, 2014
I purchased a K&N air filter for my HD. I was surprised that after 3 fill ups my gas mileage has increased about 5 mpg. I have used your products on other vehicles and will continue to buy them.
Steve Gasper
September 13, 2014
Great product! I put this filter in my step dad's beat up GMC while he borrowed it to me and I loved it and so did he. Easy to install, clean, and recharge. Great air flow and performance. This is the only brand filter I will use on engines.
Bryan Erickson
Two Rivers, Wisconsin
September 13, 2014
Great product! I put this filter in my beat up Ford and loved it. Easy to install, clean and recharge. Great air flow and performance. This is the only brand filter I will use on engines.
Bryan Erickson
Two Rivers, Wisconsin
September 13, 2014
Great product! I installed this cold air filter on my Pontiac and I really loved it. So much fun to get on it. Easy to install, clean and recharge. Great air flow and performance. This is the only brand filter I will use on engines.
Bryan Erickson
Two Rivers, Wisconsin
September 13, 2014
Great product! Put this filter in my Saturn and I loved it. Easy to install, clean, and recharge. Great air flow and performance. This is the only brand filter I will use on engines.
Bryan Erickson
Two Rivers, Wisconsin
September 13, 2014
Great product! Bought this filter for my friend's Hyundai that he lets me borrow and he loves it. Easy to install, clean and recharge. Great air flow and performance. This is the only brand filter I will use on engines.
Bryan Erickson
Two Rivers, Wisconsin
September 13, 2014
Great product! Bought this filter for my mom's landlord's riding mower and he loves it. Easy to install, clean and recharge. Great air flow and performance. This is the only brand filter I will use on engines.
Bryan Erickson
Two Rivers, Wisconsin
September 13, 2014
I have had K&N air filters on all my vehicles over the years. This is the first Aircharger Kit. It was installed on a 2012 Nissan Titan 5.6L V-8 engine. The enclosed instructions were very precise and it took me a little under 2 hrs. to complete. This kit can be installed by a novice mechanic, and expect no surprises, as I had none. Performance after installation definately improved, very little acceleration required to cruise speed. Although it's too early to tell, I expect better gas mileage if it's anything like my other K&N filters.!
Mike Williams Sr
September 13, 2014
My Suzuki Swift is now reborn with the K&N air filter. Runs great, better than ever before. Have more power, revs lighter and faster... Feels a lot more alive:-) Thanks K&N for doing such a great job. Two thumbs up!
Prague, Czech Republic
September 13, 2014
Have installed K&N in my Ford Fiesta 2009. Now runs like new. Fuel efficiency has improved almost 10%. Have also installed in my Toyota Mark X which is aV6. Better performance and fuel economy. Great product.
Davy D.
September 13, 2014
Your product is very great. It is very simple to install. I can feel the power difference it gave my 2013 impala. And gotta say I am loving it. I don't have more to say but, this is worth buying.
Rodale Curley
Bloomfield, New Mexico
September 12, 2014
Works great. It's helped my gas mileage.
Victorville, California
September 12, 2014
My new K&N Air Intake on my '13 Challenger R/T is simply fantastic! The Hemi seems to run with no more restrictions like the factory one did. I absolutely love it and it's Cali legal!!!
Dave Willis
San Diego, California
September 12, 2014
Just put the filter in, but was always pleased with their performance in the past. Hat is great
Fred Hesser
September 12, 2014
Really nice. Makes the black intake really POP. Will use this on any other intake I get from K&N.
September 12, 2014
Timely shipping-super well packaged-easy install-truck breathes better now. Thanks for a quality USA made product. I'm now a fan.
Larry Rowell
Freeport, Maine
September 12, 2014
Very satisfied.
Randy Fitzgerald
September 11, 2014
At first the filter didn't fit the stock air box on my 1996 mitsubishi 3000GT correctly, but after messing with it for 5 minutes it worked fine and I can feel the engine breathing better. I would definitely recommend it.
Funkstown, Maryland
September 11, 2014
Great product. Definitely worth the money. The cleaning spray worked REALLY good. It took ALL of the dirt out of my filter. The oil bottle was easy to use and perfectly distributed oil throughout the filter.
Saiful Chowdhury
September 11, 2014
Excellent as usual from K & N.
Janna Whitworth
September 11, 2014
Part shipped as promised and actually got here a day ahead of schedule. This is the 4th K&N Filter I have had on a vehicle but the first for a motorcycle. Fit perfect and I could feel a slight difference in performance but specifically at the fuel pump in my opinion after a few tanks. Thanks.
J.D. Price
Leavenworth, Kansas
September 11, 2014
I love mine on my F-350 diesel 4x4 gave me a little more pep and roughly 2mpg. Easy to clean. I have many K&N products, only way to go
Leroy johnson
Willows, California
September 11, 2014
Perfect fit, and great performance
West Coast Racing
Austin Texas
September 11, 2014
Fit perfectly in the holder. The filter wasn't as deep as the original equipment unit but I wasn't concerned about that since I knew your filter would have enhanced flow. I doubt that I will see any performance improvement but I am hoping that I see a slight fuel economy improvement. Nice product.
James Amigh
September 11, 2014
Increased fuel and power - the Flowmasters love it and my truck wants to just go and go. I am sorry I waited so long to get it.
September 11, 2014
Directions to change could not have been simplier, so easy a non mechanic can easily do it.. The replacement restored new life to my engine. I am happy to see you now have cabin air filters. I will be ordering those next for both our vechiles.
Tim Irons
Toms River, New Jersey
September 11, 2014
It fits perfect on my Passat.
Ioannis Kaldelis
Athens Neo Iraklio, Greece
September 11, 2014
Excellent product in design and performance! Can notice the difference. Highly recommended.
Paul West
Butler, Pennsylvania
September 10, 2014
Fast shipping and all parts including washers were included. Instructions easy to follow. A little louder than expected but ok. Nice clean look.
Rodney Kingham
September 10, 2014
I have two identical Honda 400EX quads, one of my quads has a K&N air filter the other had a stock Honda filter. Last fall we went on a 100 mile trail ride with two other couples on some very dry and extremely dusty dust trails. With six machines traveling together the dust in the air was thick.
This spring as I readied my quads for the season I cleaned my air filters as directed and could not believe the amount of dirt that came out of the K&N filter compared to the stock filter which caused me to believe that much of the dust had past through the stock filter. I immediately ordered another K&N filter for my other quad.
They are now truly identical quads.
Brad Malwin
September 10, 2014
Fitted this kit to my 2004 VZ 1 tonner and absolutely love it. Throttle response has improved greatly. The car starts easier and runs better now that it can actually get some air into it. To anyone considering this kit, do yourself a favour and get one. You won't regret it. And it looks sweet too. Good job K&N, big thumbs up from me.
Darwin, Australia
September 10, 2014
Excellent product ! Been using K&N filters in all my motorcycles since mid 1980s, and now all our cars & trucks. Almost immediately after taking out Ford provided factory filter in my 2013 F250 Super Duty 6.7L diesel, and replacing it with K&N replacement, I saw (thru on-board computer) my MPG increase, more responsive and easier throttle control, and slightly smoother auto-transmission shifts. K&N has never disappointed me in any of their products. Thanks !
R. Cromby
San Antonio, Texas
September 10, 2014
Bought a brand new 2014 Honda Accord V-6. Replaced the original air filter with a K&N filter. Never would have imagined how simple it was to change. It took me less than 3 minutes to take out the original and put in the K&N one.
Ricardo T. Fernandez
Edinburg, Texas
September 10, 2014
I've had K&N air filters in almost all the vehicles I have owned. This one is no different. The first drive after installation, you immediately notice improved throttle response. Fuel economy increase is noticeable as well. The computer in my truck continuously calculates your average MPG. I reset it right after I installed the K&N. I've noticed a 2-3 MPG increase on the highway, and 1-2 MPG better in town.
Steven Black
Waynesboro, Virginia
<< Prior
Continue with more testimonials >>


text:
A method of controlling flow includes treating a region of a surface to have a non-wettable surface characteristic or a wettable surface characteristic in the region.
1. A method of controlling liquid flow into a channel comprising first and second spaced opposed surfaces, comprising:
treating a first region of the first surface to have a wettable surface characteristic;
treating a first region of the second surface to have a wettable surface characteristic, the first region of the second surface being opposite the first region of the first surface;
treating a second region of the second surface, adjacent the first region of the second surface, to have a non-wettable surface characteristic;
dispensing the liquid into said channel between the first surface and the second surface; and
controlling flow of the liquid within said channel, including repelling the liquid in the second region of the second surface by the non-wettable surface characteristic.
2. The method of
3. The method of
curing the liquid adhesive to a solid state.
4. The method of
5. The method of
treating a second region of the first surface, adjacent the first region of the first surface, to have a non-wettable surface characteristic, the second region of the first surface being opposite the second region of the second surface,
wherein controlling flow of the liquid includes repelling the liquid in the second region of the first surface by the non-wettable surface characteristic.
6. The method of
7. The method of
8. The method of
9. The method of
10. The method of
11. A method of controlling flow of a liquid adhesive, comprising:
treating a patterned region of a surface to have a non-wettable surface characteristic or a wettable surface characteristic in said patterned region;
dispensing the liquid adhesive onto the surface, wherein said dispensing the liquid adhesive onto the surface covers one or more contacts as a liquid encapsulant, the patterned region forming a flow control surface for the liquid encapsulant, wherein said contact is a bond pad; and
attaching a wire to the bond pad prior to dispensing the liquid encapsulant;
wherein said dispensing the liquid encapsulant includes covering the wire with the liquid encapsulant.
12. The method of
13. The method of
14. The method of
curing the liquid encapsulant to a solid state.
15. The method of
16. The method of
17. The method of
18. The method of
Fluid flow control is an issue for many applications. One application, for example, is control of adhesive flow in packaging of micro-electro-mechanical structures (MEMS). Another illustrative application in which adhesives are used is that of inkjet pen or cartridge assembly, where adhesives may be dispensed through needles. Other exemplary applications for which precise pattern control of fluid deposition on a surface is desirable include fabrication of biological or chemical sensors, ink-jet printed OLED displays, nanoparticle deposition for conductive traces, and organic or inorganic electrics. Good spatial control of deposition of the drops and later migration or diffusion may be useful in producing good quality electronic devices.
Features and advantages of the disclosure will readily be appreciated by persons skilled in the art from the following detailed description when read in conjunction with the drawing wherein:
In the following detailed description and in the several figures of the drawing, like elements are identified with like reference numerals.
In one exemplary embodiment, surface modification, e.g. surface topography and surface area modification, is used to modify surface wettability to substantially stop adhesive flow at a specific desired location, or as a means to flow the adhesive farther into a capillary channel from the initial point of entry than would otherwise occur with no surface modification.
For clarity in illustration, region 24A is shown in
A second non-wetting region adjacent to region 24A but on the opposite wall 22 would increase the likelihood of discrete capillary adhesive flow stoppage. An exemplary second non-wetting region is indicated in phantom as 22A in
Further, wetting surface treatments can be used to "propel" or drawn the adhesive 30 further into long and/or flow constrictive geometries. In this case, a surface treated region 22A and/or 24A (shown in phantom in
Suitable surface treatment techniques can be used for each surface that is to be treated. Exemplary techniques, including chemical vapor deposition, plasma and/or wet etches, chemical (patterned self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), plasma ashing and laser surface modifications, can be employed to provide the desired surface properties of wetting or non-wetting, depending on the material to be provided with increased adhesive flow control. One exemplary laser surface treatment is done by laser ablation. Exemplary substrates having surfaces to be treated include polyimides, plastics such as PEN or PET or Liquid Crystal Polymer (LCP), PTFE (Teflon™), titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide, parylene and glass.
The laser mask 130 is designed to pattern certain areas on the substrate 10.
One feature of an exemplary embodiment of a flow technique is that the surface modification may not have to be permanent. In an exemplary embodiment, the surface modification may only provide adhesive flow control assistance up until the point of adhesive curing, e.g. by thermal, UV or other curing technique. Beyond that point in time, the adhesive will essentially not flow again, and the surface modification's only additional function is to provide a good adhesive-to-surface bonding interface.
An example of a surface-modified flow system is illustrated in
To protect the bond wires 222, a bead 230 of encapsulation adhesive is dispensed in liquid form over the wires 222. The encapsulation adhesive is to encapsulate the bond pads, but not creep into the nozzles, e.g. advancing no further than dashed boundary 234 toward the resistor-nozzle column. It is also desired that the adhesive bead 230 have a specific height, defined by the encapsulant final free-surface 230A for proper nozzle wiping routines in the printer system in which the printhead is used.
The advancement of the encapsulant bead toward the nozzles can be controlled by a patterned non-wetting surface treatment, e.g. at surface region 240. The difference in wettability between the two surfaces combined with the viscosity of the adhesive, which can be controlled by formulation and temperature, controls the height and shape of the adhesive bead. In this example, the region 240 is surface treated to have a non-wetting surface characteristic. In one embodiment the substrate surface is naturally wetting to the adhesive being dispensed. Alternatively or in addition, both wetting and non-wetting, patterned surface treatments can be used in conjunction to provide an encapsulation beam placement and height control. Also, the area where adhesive is desired may be treated with a treatment that increases wetting, and that area surrounded with a treatment that decreases wetting, thereby substantially confining the adhesive to the desired area. As adhesive is dispensed, the height of the adhesive bead in the z-direction increases because it is confined in the x-y direction.
A race-track surface modification illustrated in
The portions 258 of the surface adjacent to the region 254 can be surface treated to have a non-wetting, hydrophilic surface characteristic.
In this exemplary embodiment, wetting entrance regions 256 are formed on the substrate surface from a substrate edge to the race-track region 254 to provide a wicking entrance for adhesive dispensed on one or both of the substrate surfaces. The fluidics provide for a "self-centering" effect during thermal curing of the adhesive. In one example of a self-centering effect, eutectic solder "solder-bumps" can be provided on one or more gold-patterned substrates and when the solder is melted, it "wets" to the adjacent gold pads or ring and not to the surrounding field, such that a strong self-centering occurs as capillary forces dominate, the bonding completes and the bond material solidifies. This "solder effect" for the dispensed adhesive can yield parts that are centroidally located within �1.0 μm to each other. It also has the benefit of creating a ring seal that can be exploited to keep either liquid or gas, either "in" or "out" of the cavity surrounded by the racetrack region 254.
As an example of a laser surface treatment, in one experiment a 248 nm wavelength KrF excimer laser with an energy density of 100 mJ/cm2 and firing 25 pulses at a frequency of 200 Hz was used to roughen a polyimide substrate, resulting in a decreased wetting of the surface for L4 adhesive from Loctite Corporation. Using the same laser system but changing the energy density to 200 mJ/cm2 and firing just 5 pulses resulted in a increased wetting of the surface for the L4 adhesive from Loctite Corporation.
Extremely non-wetting nanotextured coatings with a surface topography with roughness on the nanometer scale is the basis of the "lotus effect." With surface roughness on the proper scale, drops cannot overcome the surface tension of the fluid to wet the surface.
Nano-textured, non-wetting surface pretreatment of a coating on a substrate can be combined with a laser processing step that "erases" the non-wetting properties of the coating. This combined process enables patterning a substrate's wettability in order to facilitate deposition of organic and inorganic materials on selected areas of a substrate, thereby allowing patterning for fabrication of microelectronic devices. In one exemplary embodiment, this process can be used for depositing organic light emitting diode (OLED) materials in individual pixels on a plastic display, and depositing organic dielectrics onto the appropriate areas of a TFT or other device.
This technique can be useful in situations in which precise pattern control of fluid deposition on a surface is desirable, including, without limitation, biological or chemical sensors, ink-jet printed OLED displays, nanoparticles deposited for conductive traces, organic or inorganic electronics and the like.
Low-cost electronic devices can be fabricated, wherein electronic materials are deposited onto a substrate using inkjet fluid jetting technology. The materials are carried in solvents that form droplets on the surface, and the solvents are later removed. One obstacle in producing good quality electronic devices is achieving good spatial control of where the drops are deposited and also controlling later migration or diffusion of the drops and materials. As device dimensions become smaller, these difficulties increase.
Laser patterning can be used to increase the wettability of the surfaces; controlling the location of non-wetting surface areas may also be beneficial. In an exemplary embodiment, super-non-wetting nanostructured surfaces are combined with laser patterning to control wetting and non-wetting areas on a substrate, thereby allowing very high spatial definition, e.g. in low-cost electronic devices. Super-non-wetting surfaces can be considered those with a contact angle greater than 150 degrees. The patterning pre-treatment provides enhancement of inkjet-based low-cost electronics feature resolution and also for lower cost processing techniques such as simple dip processing.
Exemplary films that may be used for low cost electronics are Poly (ethyleneterephthalate) (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), and Kapton™ Polymide. These materials have inherent levels of affinity to the solvents used for low cost electronics, and can still be partially wet by the solvents used in low cost electronics. Such solvents include Tolulene, MEK (Methyl Ethyl Ketone), THF (Tetrahydrofuran), dichloromethane, and acetone. Laser patterning the surfaces increases the affinity of the electronic material containing solutions, thereby allowing preferential deposition. With microelectronic devices, in some embodiments, exclusion of the electronic materials from selected areas may be equally significant as selected deposition in desired areas. Laser patterning complements the use of non-wetting surfaces. A sheet of a non-wetting nanostructure substrate can be patterned with a laser to control wetting areas. The regions targeted by the laser will undergo surface modification to become wetting, leaving the rest of the substrate non-wetting.
Super-non-wetting nanotextured coatings may have a surface roughness characterized by a peak to peak period on the order of 100 nm or less, preferably 50 nm or less. Exemplary coatings are commercially available, e.g. NANO-CARE™ or NANO-PEL™ coatings from Nano-Tex, LLC. There are also super hydrophilic coatings that provide a surface that, for some applications, will spread water out to a few mono-layers, which behaves as no water is present.
With surface roughness on the proper scale, drops cannot overcome the surface tension of the fluid to wet the surface. Essentially, the contact area is reduced to only very small areas of contact. Various mechanisms can be used to achieve this type of super-non-wetting coating. One approach is to apply a coating of TiO2 (titanium dioxide) that has roughness on the nanometer scale described above. Since the structure of the coating is well below visible light wavelengths, no deterioration of optical properties is observed. Another successful application is to chemically treat the surface with solvents that roughen the surface, or to treat the surface with a coating that roughens the surface.
After the nano-textured nonwetting surface pretreatment is applied to the surface of a polyester film, such as PEN (poly-ethylenenapthalate) or PET (Poly-ethyleneterephthalate), a subsequent laser processing step modifies the surface roughness in certain areas, such as, by way of example only, the pixel areas for OLEDs. The laser treatment modifies the surface so that the roughness is no longer on the nanometer scale, but in the micrometer scale. This increase in roughness will allow the fluid to contact a greater surface area and will "erase" the effect of the non-wetting coating. Experiments have shown that although surface treatments that produce roughness on the nanometer scale result in non-wetting properties, the micron scale of roughness produced by laser pretreatment actually increases wetting behavior above the default value for some materials. Pre-treated contact angles on polyester films for deionized water may be between 45� and 55� whereas contact angles for treated films approaches 180� and may be more than 150�, almost totally non-wetting. This substantial variation in wettability creates high selectivity for adhesive application.
This laser treatment may use an excimer, YAG, YLF, or other laser. The pattern may be formed by using a laser mask or a scanning galvo head. A range of roughnesses can be achieved by varying the laser fluence, shot count, focus, etc.
After this treatment, the fluid (for example, organic or inorganic electronics materials suspended in a solvent) can be applied to the surface using, for example, a dip tank, spin coater, or ink jet printhead, and the suspended particles will be patterned on the area where the non-wetting coating has been modified without substantially being patterned on the area with the unmodified non-wetting coating.
This process can be used, for example, for depositing OLED materials in individual pixels on a plastic display, depositing organic dielectrics onto the correct areas of a TFT.
An exemplary embodiment of a surface treatment process is shown in
A patterned region, e.g. region 304, of the surface is treated by a laser beam 320 (
A fluid 310 is deposited onto the surface of the substrate (
The process provides an ability to selectively modify the wettability of a substrate in a desired pattern. The process enables work with a wider range of wettabilities between treated and untreated areas of a substrate. Use of laser treatment by itself yields less of a difference in wettability between treated and untreated areas then is achieved using the disclosed process. For example, toluene deposited on an indium tin oxide (ITO) film on glass has a contact angle of approximately 70 degrees. ITO is a conducting oxide, and is useful for printed displays because it is one of the best transparent conductors available. Laser treatment can reduce that contact angle to approximately 5 degrees (completely wetting). This gives a "wettability-delta" (change in contact angle between treated and untreated areas) of about 65 degrees. This may or may not be enough to confine the fluid to just the patterned areas for certain applications. By using a process as described herein, the wettability-delta can be substantially favorably changed by increasing the contact angle of the non-laser-treated state to 130 degrees or higher.
In combination with laser patterning, this process allows patterning of electronic devices with size scales below the level limited by normal drop-size limitations imposed by the current ranges of interfacial tensions and surface energies.
This increased range of wettability states and device spatial resolution may, for example, be used in a biological or chemical sensor to cause the test material to settle on top of the sensor region, or to cause ink-jet printed OLED materials to land in the pixel areas, to form a consistent trace width for nanoparticles deposited for conductive traces, and to pattern inorganic dielectrics in the gate region of a TFT.
Although the foregoing has been a description and illustration of specific embodiments of the invention, various modifications and changes thereto can be made by persons skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention as defined by the following claims.
Patent Citations
Non-Patent Citations
Referenced by
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Consuelo Mack WealthTrack - August 12, 2011
Financial Thought Leader James Grant explains why he believes the Federal Reserve's easy money policies will wreak havoc on the economy and markets. The dangers of inflation creep and how to protect yourself against it are the focus of this week's Consuelo Mack WealthTrack.
CONSUELO MACK: This week on WealthTrack, while Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke reassures us that "inflation is not a problem," our Financial Thought Leader guest strenuously disagrees. Author, historian, columnist and contrary-minded editor of Grant's Interest Rate Observer, Jim Grant, on why even a little inflation is a dangerous thing, next on Consuelo Mack WealthTrack.
Hello and welcome to this edition of WealthTrack. I'm Consuelo Mack. Federal Reserve Bank Chairman Ben Bernanke has told us on numerous occasions that we need not worry about inflation and that he views recent increases in commodity prices as "transitory," and predicts they will "eventually stabilize." As far as most of us are concerned, stabilization, if not reversal can't come soon enough. Just about everywhere you look, the cost of basics- food, energy, medical and rent- are going up. Those headlines about record highs being set in commodity prices including wheat, corn and cotton and accelerating prices of oil and gas are hitting home. Gasoline prices at the pump have surged more than a dollar a gallon over the past seven months.
Then there is the purchasing power of our currency. As you can see from this chart, provided to us by crack technical market analyst Louise Yamada, the dollar has been in a two year decline versus the currencies of its major trading partners. Yamada expects the value of the dollar to continue to weaken. But what about the broad measures of inflation? What are they showing? Depends upon which one you look at. The chart we are about to show you comes to us courtesy of this week's Financial Thought Leader guest. He is James Grant, editor of Grant's Interest Rate Observer, a self-described "independent, value oriented and contrary minded journal of the financial markets." It also happens to be a must read among top professional investors. This chart, which Grant titles "Inflation Webcast" compares the government issued consumer price index, which as you can see has been rising gradually since early 2009, to what's called the "Billion Prices Daily Online Price Index," a real-time index created by two MIT professors. As Grant's reported, web-monitored prices jumped by 3.2% over the 365 days ended April 4th, considerably higher than the government's 2.1% rise in the CPI over the 12 months ended in February. And according to MIT, inflation has picked up considerably over the last six months.
But what really sticks in Grant's craw is that the Federal Reserve feels that 2% inflation is not only acceptable, but desirable. Au contraire says Grant, who says what he calls inflation creep is downright dangerous. I asked him why.
JIM GRANT: Well, yesteryear, not so long ago, in the '50s and '60s- that is 1950s and '60s- there was a little fashion for the idea of just a little bit of inflation, 2 or 3%, some of these theorists thought, would be just what we needed. It would impart a lilt to our economy; it would make everyone feel a little bit more prosperous. You get up the morning with a little spring in your step because everything was getting higher, and this was called "creeping inflation", and some of the advocates were of most learned segment of the provisorial class.
So this idea gained wide circulation, and no little credence, but it was met tellingly by the most orthodox central bankers as rank heresy. As a fellow of the Atlanta Federal Reserve, in fact, the president of that regional Federal Reserve Bank named Malcolm Bryan, and Malcolm Bryan regarded the premeditated creation of inflation by the Fed as an act of moral affront. It was a sin in his view, and he spoke in terms of… he spoke it with almost an evangelical fervor against it. So fast forward to the present day, which is not so far forward in the scheme of time, and creeping inflation by another name has been instituted as official policy. We call it "inflation targeting". Monetary masters seek 2% a year, which in their self-delusion, they think they can deliver.
CONSUELO MACK: So what is wrong with a little inflation, and especially given the fact that we've just gone through a period of financial crisis, as a matter of fact, where inflation-- there were eight consecutive months at one point of declining prices, and if the Fed's, one of the Fed's primary mandates is price stability, if, in fact, prices are declining, don't you want to goose the pump a little bit, or prime the pump, and actually get prices so they're relatively stable?
JIM GRANT: Well, I think one thing to ask is what do we mean, or what should we mean by this phrase "price stability", which is so often heard and glibly spoken? And let us suppose that the modern world has delivered a kind of cornucopia, that with the addition of 200 or so million willing new hands in one country in Asia, and another couple of hundred willing, new eager hands, another country that the world's labor force expands, that digital technology further makes us productive, and that the world supply curve, as the economists say, shifts benignly, that is to say at a given level of prices, there is more stuff for sale. More things more cheaply priced is, in fact, what you find when you walk into Costco or Wal-Mart. I'm astounded at the sheer volume of merchandise and its accessibility. So that's one observation.
So that's every-day low prices, right? It's every day low and lower prices. Explain again, Mr. Fed, what's wrong with that, is what many Americans spend all weekend looking for, right? And we are meant to understand our Fed, experts tell us, that this is somehow dangerous. So I would ask us all to reconsider if stable prices in a time of rising productivity growth and of profound historic expansion of the world's productive apparatus, if stable prices ought not to mean Wal-Mart kind of every-day low and lower prices. So I think the Fed I think does not believe that. So to give us stable prices, it would have to create more credit to compensate for the Wal-Mart effect in retail, right? So it's creating the dollars with which to lift the price level from what it would otherwise be, and in so lifting, it affects a widespread distortion of prices and structures in the economy.
CONSUELO MACK: But Jim, the other side of that Walmartization of consumer prices, and I can see that is considered to be a good thing, the other side of that is the Walmartization of wages. Address the issue of wage deflation.
JIM GRANT: It's hard to find good work at a good wage, and a lot of people in this country are hurting, and it will be of little or no comfort then to know that their lot has frequently been the lot of people in a time of great economic and technological upheaval. Late in the 19th century was a time much like ours in that it was a time of almost miraculous advances and productive technology. Just imagine how much more efficient the world suddenly became with the advent, for example, of electricity, telephone, and telegraph. It was a world of wonder, and in this world of wonder many people were displaced from work; fewer people were necessary to produce what had been produced before these advances in technique and technology, and the people who were displaced had to find something else. They found it, and society moved on, the country improved, got richer. We are phenomenally richer than we were then. Again, this is a little sermonette that will please no one who is looking for-- you know, this is not to patronize anyone who is suffering by saying that before you, have others gone just like you, but that happens to be the fact.
CONSUELO MACK: Let's talk about inflation, and the fact that you were talking about this inflation creep, which you believe is dangerous, and the fact is that the Federal Reserve, and Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke, has targeted, and quite openly said that he's targeted 2% inflation, and that they, the Feds, seem to feel, and a lot of the financial community seems to feel as well, that 2% inflation, it's benign, and that inflation really isn't an issue, and they don't see any signs of inflation. Man, woman on the street, I see lots of signs of inflation. Are the statistics wrong, is their interpretation wrong? I mean, what do you think the given inflation rate is right now?
JIM GRANT: Sometimes I think that our experts make an easy thing hard. I would define inflation not as too much money chasing too few goods, which is arbitrary, but too much money,


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Teen Mom
Maci Bookout's 21st Birthday Bash: Check Out How The Teen Mom Celebrated — Flashback! (PHOTOS)
We've watched ;Teen Mom ;star ;Maci Bookout ;grow up before our very eyes. When she turned 21 on August 10, the teen mom celebrated in style at Butter NC. ;
It's nice to see Maci getting to have some fun after all she's been through! Click through to see some photo highlights from the party!


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Professor Linda S. Mullenix, who holds the Rita and Morris Atlas Chair in Advocacy at the University of Texas School of Law, has been invited to deliver a paper on Class Action Settlements at a legal conference in Milan, Italy on September 25–26, 2008. The Conference on Collective Settlements, sponsored by the University of Milan, follows legislation in 2007 that, for the first time, allows class action litigation in Italy.
Italy is the first nation in the European Union to pass such legislation, a significant development in European law. The conference will bring together distinguished legal scholars from Europe and the United States to discuss how group and class actions are implemented in different legal systems. Papers produced for the conference will be published by the University of Bologna.
In addition to addressing settlements in class action litigation, Professor Mullenix will also discuss class actions procedures, potential abuses of settlement classes, due process protections for class members, and the heightened scrutiny of class action settlements in the U.S. after the Class Action Fairness Act of 2005.
"In class actions, settlements are very important because class actions almost never go to trial," Mullenix said. "When you talk about class action litigation in the U.S., you are really talking about the processes by which they are settled."
With a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation, Professor Mullenix was Scholar-in-Residence at the Bellagio Study and Conference Center in Bellagio, Italy, in 2002. She was also the Fulbright Distinguished Senior Chair in Law at the University of Trento, Italy, in 2007, and she has maintained an ongoing relationship with the legal community in Italy.
"The class action rule has been in the U.S. since 1938, so we have seventy years of experience," Mullenix said. "There is no other country that has anything like that length of experience in state and federal courts. For other countries embarking on or formulating class actions there is much to be learned from the American experience, both positive concerning resolving class actions as well as negative in addressing problems and abuses."
Professor Mullenix recently published the second edition of her casebook on Mass Tort Litigation, which was the culmination of twelve years of research, and currently teaches both Mass Tort Litigation and Current Issues in Class Action Litigation at the University of Texas School of Law.
Related link:
Media contact: Kirston Fortune, UT Law Communications Office, (512) 471-7330, or email@example.com


text: Home The Library will be closed on Friday, July 3 and Saturday July 4 for Independence Day. It will reopen at 10 am on Monday, July 6. Click here to see changes in interlibrary loan policy. Teen Tuesdays Click on slide to see the Teen Summer Newsletter. Adult Summer Reading 2015 For more information about the Adult Summer Reading Program, click on slide or call 203-385-4164.


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Topic Page
News and Features
The very idea that we—as atomized individuals—could play a significant part in stabilizing the planet's climate is objectively nuts.
How climate denial became second nature to the new Republican Party.
The state's form of austerity politics is a massive experiment in unraveling US democracy.
Time is too short to allow our divisions to keep us from building the kind of coalitions that will safeguard life on earth.
For more than two decades, impoverished indigenous people have been seeking restitution from the oil giant for polluting their region.
After a dozen years of foot-dragging, regulators are doing something about the toxins.
Encryption is a better safeguard of our civil liberties than the law.
Conservatives explore cutting benefits behind a high-tech facade.
Trying to bring extinct species back to life is the latest symptom of ecological anxiety.
According to a new IMF study, we're subsidizing the digging of our own graves.


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Public Meetings Set to Discuss Trustee-Area Voting
The Hart School District has held two of five planned community meetings to allow for public input and comment on the California Voter Rights Act (CVRA) process and the district's planned change to trustee-area voting, from the current at-large system. Parents and community members are invited to attend any meeting and no reservation is required. The two meetings held were on November 6, 2014, at Sierra Vista Junior High School and on November 17, 2014, at Placerita Junior High School. A Spanish translator was available at both these meetings. The three remaining meetings will all be from 6 – 7:30 pm as follows: November 20, 2014, at Arroyo Seco Junior High School multi-purpose room, 27171 N. Vista Delgado Dr. Valencia, 91354; December 2, 2014 at Rio Norte Junior High School library, 28770 Rio Norte Dr. Valencia 91354 and December 3, 2014 at Castaic Middle School multi-purpose room, 28900 Hillcrest Pkwy. Castaic, 91384. Two proposed trustee-area scenarios will be displayed and explained and parents and community members will have an opportunity to review and comment during each meeting. District staff will collect input and share with the Governing Board prior to the approval of the final map and voting areas are selected. The two maps are similar in that they would split the Hart School District service area into five voting areas, each with roughly the same population. This does not have any impact on current school boundaries. The Governing Board approved a resolution to initiate the process to transition from an at-large election system to a by trustee-area election system, as a result of concerns about potential exposure to litigation under the CVRA. District staff, the demographer who created the two scenarios and District legal counsel will be present at the meetings to answer questions regarding this new process and the maps. The new system of voting areas is due to be in place in time for the next district board election in November 2015.
Padres Unidos del Distrito Hosted Successful Parent Workshop
Nearly 50 parents from Hart High School, Placerita Junior High School, Rio Norte Junior High School and Valencia High School spent an evening in a parent workshop designed to share strategies on how to talk and motivate children in school and in the home. This very engaging and interactive evening was conducted entirely in Spanish. Hart Governing Board member Gloria Mercado-Fortine provided a warm welcome to the group and participated with the parents in all the activities. Hands-on engaging activities included inside/outside circle and pair-share. Parents also practiced positive communication skills and were given the "magic words" of when/then (en Espanol, cuando/entonces) for setting appropriate boundaries for teens. Eugenia "Gennie" Zualaga presented the workshop and facilitated the activities. Zualaga holds a Bachelor of Science in Behavioral Science and a master's degree in special education. She has more than 12 years of experience collaborating with students, parents and school officials in the overall educational needs of children in the community at large. Zualaga is currently an elementary school teacher working with children with special needs for the Saugus Union School District. "Parents benefitted not only from the expertise of Gennie, but also from the opportunity to learn with parents who share the same concerns and hopes for their children," Jill Shenberger, director of special programs, said. "The Hart District looks forward to the opportunity to continue to support our Spanish speaking parents through Padres Unidos del Distrito this spring."
Canyon High Seniors Participated in Canyon Economic Summit
Canyon High School seniors enrolled in economics this semester participated in an economic summit in the Canyon High gym earlier this week. This program is a world trade simulation where the students debate world issues and experience the costs and benefits of trading. Students have been gearing up for this event all semester, which culminated with interactive activities, including trading and buying resources for their country, making bank loans and participating in other interactive business activities. The program is a 13-lesson program designed around core high school economic content that focuses on the complexities of trade and globalization. Under the direction of Maria Cooper, Canyon High economics and government teacher, approximately 160 students participated this semester. Economics is a required class for seniors with some taking it next semester. They will have the opportunity to participate in this program, as well. Cooper has coordinated this program at Canyon since 2007.
Student Leaders Participate in DFYIT Leadership Summit
The Drug Free Youth In Town (DFYIT) program held a leadership summit for 65 DFYIT Club officers from 13 local schools earlier in November. Students participated in teambuilding, learned marketing strategies for their campuses and developed facilitation skills, in addition to networking with fellow DFYIT leaders. The City of Santa Clarita, Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department, Los Angeles County Fifth Supervisorial District, and the Hart School District have teamed up to bring this anti-drug program to Santa Clarita. DFYIT is a free, school-based, voluntary, anti-drug club for junior high and high school teens. In DFYIT, teens thrive, drug free, in a club run by kids, for kids. More than 1,500 students throughout the Hart School District have taken the pledge and are dedicated to a healthy lifestyle and more are joining every day. Local speaker and life coach Dan Williams motivated the students with a very inspirational presentation.
Contact for more information: Gail Pinsker, Public Relations Officer,
firstname.lastname@example.com, 661.259.0033 x 227
William S. Hart Union School District website: www.hartdistrict.org
Check out previous issues: http://www.hartdistrict.org/index.php/blogs/wgie


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Welcome to visitors from Christchurch and Canterbury
The data
My first chart lists all 1833 schools, showing which organisations are providing their Bible lessons (if any). It also shows which syllabuses they are using and gives background information such as ethnic makeup and school roll. See this on ALL SCHOOLS.
The second chart lists schools which have dropped out of religious instruction, with comments from the principal on their reasons. See this on WHY BIBLE LESSONS STOPPED.
The third chart is designed for journalists or anyone else who wants to study their own region. It has the same info as "ALL SCHOOLS", sorted by regional council areas. It's at SCHOOLS BY REGION.
The review
If you know the name of the religious instruction course at your school and want to know the type of material it has, turn to a review. I've read sample lessons from three of the main syllabuses, interviewed a dozen of the people involved. Here's THE REVIEW.
If you'd like to read the sample lessons for yourself, read SYLLABUS SAMPLES.
My background
When they heard about this survey, a number of people asked about my background. Here's WHERE I'M COMING FROM
My thanks to all the people who helped in this survey, including many who don't share my goal of stopping Bible in schools, but gave me good information all the same. I hope it changes your mind; it changed mine ... the Connect syllabus was far better than I expected. I'd recommend people use it, but in Sunday schools, not in schools.
David Hines, February 2014
(09) 376-6583


text: Charlene R. Ogle, age 68 of Melrose, died peacefully surrounded by her family on Thursday, March 7, 2013 at her home in Melrose, Minnesota. A memorial service will be held at 11 a.m. Monday, March 11 at St. Paul's Lutheran Church in Melrose with Rev. Kevin Mann officiating. Inurnment will take p...Read More


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Reports of domestic violence in North County on the rise
"It's more obsessive, possessive, emotional blackmail," she said. "With physical (violence) they don't want to go forward because they know we'll go to parents, police."
Sister Claire Frawley, founder of St. Clare's Home, added that law enforcement is also doing a better job of arresting abusers.
In the past, she said, "women were abused and (officers) would come and they'd leave. Now, they have to do something, men are taken into custody."
Still, she said, many women are afraid to report violence. "It's a frightening situation. They're afraid (they'll) be killed."
Four to six domestic violence cases have resulted in homicide over the last four years, Torres said. Three of those involved temporary restraining orders filed against the abusers, he said.
"Domestic violence continues to be a serious problem for all communities and a high priority for our department," said Lynn Diamond, spokeswoman for the Carlsbad Police Department. "It's important to (emphasize) that people need to report incidents of domestic violence."
"Substance abuse is a significant factor" in the rise of such incidents, Torres said.
According to Frawley, substance abuse hurts victims in more ways than one.
"Generally, (victims are) in a situation where their partner's on drugs and becomes violent," Frawley said. "Some of them then try to escape the pain by turning to drugs -- it's a very complex issue."
Root agreed. "(Substance use) eases the drama in your mind," she said. "In actuality it doesn't, but for that one moment you feel better about yourself, about what happened, about everything."
Root, who has now received almost two years of assistance at Saint Clare's, said treatment has given her the strength to start breaking free from her history of emotional and physical abuse.
"Today, I can hang up the phone," she said. "I can walk away."
Root said treatment has helped her move on: She is going back to school and will be moving into transitional housing. Still, she worries about her 7-year-old son, who she says has become aggressive because he has grown up around abuse.
"It carries through, it does," she said, adding that she is working to change his attitude while he's still young. "I want that to change now, before he has a girlfriend. I don't want it to carry on."
Contact staff writer Sarah Wilkins at (760) 740-3524 or firstname.lastname@example.com .
Domestic violence resources
- Saint Clare's Home: (760) 741-0122; www.stclareshome.org
- Center for Community Solutions: (760) 747-6282; www.ccssd.org
- North County Family Violence Prevention Center: (760) 798-2835
- Women's Resource Center: (760) 757-3500; www.womensresourcecenter-wrc.org
- San Diego County Domestic Violence Hotline: (888) DVLINKS (385-4657); www.dvlinks.org
- Indian Health Council Inc.: (760) 749-1410; www.indianhealth.com
- San Diego County Sheriff's Domestic Violence Unit: (858) 974-2496; www.sdsheriff.net/CID/services_domesticviolence.html
- Community Resource Center: (760) 753-1156 or Hotline (877) 633-1112; www.communityresourcecenter.org
- Camp Pendleton Family Services; www.mccscp.com
- Palomar Pomerado Health Sexual Assault Response Team: (760) 739-2150; www.pph.org