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Stubbs is playing LF and Valaika is at SS. They are the only 2 Reds in the starting line up today.
Stubbs is playing LF and Valaika is at SS. They are the only 2 Reds in the starting line up today.
Games are won on run differential -- scoring more than your opponent. Runs are runs, scored or prevented they all count the same. Worry about scoring more and allowing fewer, not which positions contribute to which side of the equation or how "consistent" you are at your current level of performance.
Stubbs and Valaika both struck out their 1st at bats.
Stubbs has struck out, walked, walked, and scored. Valakia is 1-2 with a single and a two-out RBI.
Peoria up 6-0. Watson in to pitch.
Watson gets 2 quick outs and then loads the bases. A 2 out double makes it 6-2 in the T6. Watson strikes out Rodriquez to end the 6th.
Stubbs infield hit and RBI. 10-3 B8.
Stubby has a blog on the AFL. Here is his 1st blog.
Arizona Fall League Kicks Off
Greetings everyone from Peoria, AZ! I'm Drew Stubbs, and I'll be leading this blog for the Cincinnati Reds. Before I get into our brief time so far out here, I'll tell you a little about myself. I grew up in the small town of Atlanta, TX. That's right, Texas and not Georgia. It is located in extreme northeast Texas, just south of Texarkana, and I wouldn't expect you to have heard of it unless you've been through the area. I was drafted by the Reds out of the University of Texas in the first round of the '06 draft. Prior to joining the Reds, I helped the Longhorns win a National Championship in 2005. I think my college teammates and I agree that that was the greatest experience of our lives...truly amazing. Since being in pro ball, I have 2 and a half seasons under my belt that have spanned places from Billings, MT to Louisville, KY. You definitely get to experience a whole lot of different scenery while climbing through the minor leagues. Joining me here on the Peoria Javelinas from the Reds are infielders Chris Valaika and Justin Turner, pitchers Carlos Fisher, Robert Manuel, Sean Watson, and Pedro Viola, and infielder/outfielder Sean Henry. I'm sure at some point you will hear from all of these great guys.
I have been in Arizona only a handful of days now, since Oct. 1, and I've already experienced the heat that it is known for. Thankfully, we've had a few days that have offered a break in temperature, but for the most part it has been pretty steamy. We just played our first game of the Fall League today, Oct. 7, but we have been working out as a team for the past 5 days. The workouts have been efficient and brief as we've gotten our work done by around lunch time each day. I think we prepared ourselves well because we were able to get a win against the Surprise Rafters in the league opener. Our pitching was sharp, and our offense put up plenty of runs to supply a nice lead for us. Hopefully, we'll be able to continue our success during the next month and a half.
Outside the field, it's been really laid back for my Reds teammates and I. We all live together in a large house about 5 minutes from the Peoria complex. It's been a little hectic at times trying to get everyone on the same page most of the time, but things have been great overall. Since games have now started, our days should be filled a little more and won't leave us with as much down time.
Well guys, this concludes my first week blog, but I'll be back next week to continue. Please feel free to ask any questions or drop a line or two. Until next time, have a great week!
Drew Stubbs
Here is the link. http://aflreds.mlblogs.com/
Henry,Valaika and Turner in the line up today. Viola gets the nod on the bump.
Am interested to see how it goes for Viola. After a rough start in the bullpen, he was close to sensational this year after being converted to a starter late in the season.
I'm interested about Viola, as well. He's a very interesting prospect, imo. He kind of came out of nowhere last year, and just as people started to suspect that 2007 was just a flash in the pan, he turned it on again. The big question I have about him is whether he was used as a starter simply because the Reds wanted him to get more innings or because the Reds really think he projects well as a starter.
Pedro had a good 1st inning. In the 2nd he gave up a couple of doubles and a 3 run bomb. The Javs trail 4-0.
Henry 0-1 K
Valaika 1-1 1B
Turner 1-1 1B
Last edited by Redman15; 10-08-2008 at 04:07 PM.
Board Moderators may, at their discretion and judgment, delete and/or edit any messages that violate any of the following guidelines: 1. Explicit references to alleged illegal or unlawful acts. 2. Graphic sexual descriptions. 3. Racial or ethnic slurs. 4. Use of edgy language (including masked profanity). 5. Direct personal attacks, flames, fights, trolling, baiting, name-calling, general nuisance, excessive player criticism or anything along those lines. 6. Posting spam. 7. Each person may have only one user account. It is fine to be critical here - that's what this board is for. But let's not beat a subject or a player to death, please.


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I have nothing against gyms and enjoy them myself quite often, but as the weather improves outdoor activities can be a better way to keep in shape.
What is really nice about this idea is that you can fit such activities into your dailay routine to save money and be environmentaly concious as well. Make no mistake, at today's gas prices it costs a dollar just to start your car. I always enjoy noting a person wearing gym gear who drives six blocks to a store. Walking would provide additional low impact exercise and save money. It would also reduce emissions.
The same can be said for the fleet of SUV's that idle for 30 minutes in front of grade schools each day just to drive Junior home two blocks!
Several other ideas would have a similar positive effect on both your carbon footprint and save money. A bicycle is a very desirable form of transportation in the warmer months. Many smaller city yards can be mowed with a hand lawn mower rather than burning fuel or electricity.
You may also find outdoor dance classes. These events are usually free, lots of fun, and held at parks such as Fort Totten Park in Queens.
The bottom line is that we all need gyms today because we no longer take part in many common activites that our parents enjoyed. My suggestions are just a start. I'm sure you can find many other alternatives each day to burning energy and creating polution.
Now if you excuse me I'm going to walk to dinner

subset: commoncrawl


text:
The Wealthy Rap Moguls List of 2012
Forbes released a list dubbed The Forbes Five earlier this week revealing the wealthiest of Hip-Hop's moguls.
Diddy, already predicted by the magazine to become the first Hip-Hop artist to become a billionaire, took the top spot on the list with a net worth of $550 million. Helped by his investments in Ciroc, and the Sean John and Enyce clothing lines, the Bad Boy label head is also expected to pull in a considerable amount of money with his forthcoming music channel Revolt.
Jay-Z came in second with an estimated net worth of $460 million. The Roc Nation head sold his Rocawear clothing label back in 2007 for $204 million and his 10-year $150 million deal with Live Nation continues to line his pockets. His investment portfolio also includes stakes in the New Jersey Nets, the 40/40 Club chain,cosmetics company Carol's Daughter and an ad firm called Translation.
Rounding out the bottom three are Dr. Dre with $270 million, Birdman with $125 million, and 50 Cent who has amassed a $110 million fortune. Most of Dre's treasure chest was accrued recently due in part to his company, Beats Electronics with Interscope chief Jimmy Iovine. Birdman owes most of his success to his label Cash Money and its subsidiary label Young Money, which collectively feature some of the hottest rap acts in Hip-Hop right now.
By Kim Taylor of YoRaps.com
Related articles
- Diddy beats Jay-Z, as Forbes' richest hip hop artist (canada.com)
- Diddy, Jay-Z Leads Forbes Wealthiest Hip Hop Artist List, DId Your Favorite Rapper Make The Cut? (clutchmagonline.com)
- Who is the Richest Man in Hip-Hop? (thehollywoodgossip.com)


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A client player performs a query to a nameserver against a network map of Internet traffic conditions. The query is made asking for a particular service (e.g., RTSP) via a particular protocol (TCP) in a particular domain. In response, the nameserver returns a set of one or more tokens, with each token defining a machine or, in the preferred embodiment, a group of machines, from which the player should seek to obtain the stream. The player may then optionally perform one or more tests to determine which of a set of servers provides a best quality of service for the stream. That server is then used to retrieve the stream. Periodically, the client player code repeats the query during stream playback to determine whether there is a better source for the stream. If a better source exists, the player performs a switch to the better stream source "on the fly" if appropriate to maintain and/or enhance the quality of service. Preferably, the client player publishes data identifying why it selected a particular server, and such data may be used to augment the network map used for subsequent request routing determinations.
1. An apparatus, comprising:
a processor;
a media player;
a program code module comprising code executable by the processor to carry out the following method steps:
receiving a list of a set of servers, wherein the set of servers is identified by a content delivery network (CDN) map generating process;
issuing a request to each of the set of servers and receiving a response to the request, and using data associated with the response from each of the set of servers to identify a given server in the set of servers;
as a media stream is being received from a first server and rendered by the media player, determining whether the media stream is acceptable according to a given metric;
if the media stream is not acceptable, and as the media stream continues to be received, taking a given action to initiate delivery of the media stream from the given server, wherein the given action includes the steps of: (a) creating a buffer; (b) receiving from the first server and caching in the buffer advanced portions of the media stream; (c) issuing a request to the given server to initiate delivery of the media stream at a given offset; and (d) rendering the advanced portions of the media stream;
receiving the media stream from the given server; and
when the given offset is reached, rendering in the media player the media stream received from the given server.
2. The apparatus as described in
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This application is based on and claims priority from provisional application Ser. No. 60/205,636, filed May 18, 2000, and assigned to the assignee of this application.
1. Technical Field
The present invention relates generally to high-performance, fault-tolerant content delivery in a content delivery network (CDN).
2. Description of the Related Art
Streaming media is a type of Internet content that has the important characteristic of being able to be played while still in the process of being downloaded. A client can play the first packet of the stream, and decompress the second, while receiving the third. Thus, an end user can start enjoying the multimedia without waiting to the end of transmission. Streaming is very useful for delivering media because media files tend to be large particularly as the duration of the programming increases. Indeed, for live events, the file size is, in effect, infinite. To view a media file that is not streamed, users must first download the file to a local hard disk—which may take minutes or even hours—and then open the file with player software that is compatible with the file format. To view streaming media, the user's browser opens player software, which buffers the file for a few seconds and then plays the file while simultaneously downloading it. Unlike software downloads, most streaming media files are not stored locally on a user's hard disk. Once the bits representing content are used, the player typically discards them.
Streaming media quality varies widely according to the type of media being delivered, the speed of the user's Internet connection, network conditions, the bit rate at which the content is encoded, and the format used. In general, streaming audio can be FM quality, but, given typical bandwidth constraints, streaming video is poor by TV standards, with smaller screens, lower resolution, and fewer frames per second. The source for streaming media can be just about any form of media, including VHS or Beta format tapes, audio cassettes, DAT, MPEG video, MP3 audio, AVI, and the like. Prior to streaming, the content must first be encoded, a process which accomplishes four things: conversion of the content from analog to digital form, if necessary; creation of a file in the format recognized by the streaming media server and player; compression of the file to maximize the richness of the content that can be delivered in real-time given limited bandwidth; and, establishing the bit rate at which the media is to be delivered. Content owners typically choose to encode media at multiple rates so that users with fast connections get as good an experience as possible but users with slow connections can also access the content.
Non-streaming content is standards-based in the sense that the server and client software developed by different vendors, such as Apache server, Microsoft Internet Explorer, Netscape Communicator, and the like, generally work well together. Streaming media, however, usually relies on proprietary server and client software. The server, client, production and encoding tools developed by a streaming software vendor are collectively referred to as a format. Streaming media encoded in a particular format must be served by that format's media server and replayed by that format's client. Streaming media clients are often called players, and typically they exist as plug-ins to Web browsers. Streaming media clients are also often capable of playing standards-based non-streaming media files, such as WAV or AVI.
The three major streaming media formats in use today are: RealNetworks RealSystem G2, Microsoft Windows Media Technologies ("WMT"), and Apple QuickTime. RealSystem G2 handles all media types including audio, video, animation, and still images and text. RealSystem G2 and QuickTime support SMIL, an XML-based language that allows the content provider to time and position media within the player window. To deliver the media in real time Real and QuickTime use RTSP, the Real Time Streaming Protocol. RTSP is an application-level protocol designed to work with lower-level protocols like RTP (Realtime Transport Protocol) and RSVP (Resource Reservation Protocol) to provide a complete streaming service over the Internet. To stream in WMT's Advanced Streaming Format, content providers typically must have Microsoft NT 4 Server installed. WMT does not support SMIL or RTSP but has its own protocol that it calls HTML+Time. Apple QuickTime recently has added the capability to serve streaming media. QuickTime can support a number of formats including VR, 3D, Flash, and MP3.
From a network perspective, traditional approaches to streaming Internet content involve transmitting a streaming signal from a source to a device known as a splitter (or repeater, reflector or mirror), which, in turn, replicates the source signal into multiple signals. Each of the multiple signals is the same, and each is sent on to a different destination. By cascading splitters in a tree-like fashion, a single source stream can be replicated into thousands or more identical copies. In this manner, a large number of viewers on the Internet can receive the same streaming signal simultaneously
It is also known in the art to deliver streaming media (and HTTP-based Web content) using a content delivery network (CDN). A CDN is a network of geographically distributed content delivery nodes that are arranged for efficient delivery of digital content (e.g., Web content, streaming media and applications) on behalf of third party content providers. A request from a requesting end user for given content is directed to a "best" replica, where "best" usually means that the item is served to the client quickly compared to the time it would take to fetch it from the content provider origin server.
Typically, a CDN is implemented as a combination of a content delivery infrastructure, a request-routing mechanism, and a distribution infrastructure. The content delivery infrastructure usually comprises a set of "surrogate" origin servers that are located at strategic locations (e.g., Internet network access points, Internet Points of Presence, and the like) for delivering copies of content to requesting end users. The request-routing mechanism allocates servers in the content delivery infrastructure to requesting clients in a way that, for web content delivery, minimizes a given client's response time and, for streaming media delivery, provides for the highest quality. The distribution infrastructure consists of on-demand or push-based mechanisms that move content from the origin server to the surrogates. An effective CDN serves frequently-accessed content from a surrogate that is optimal for a given requesting client. In a typical CDN, a single service provider operates the request-routers, the surrogates, and the content distributors. In addition, that service provider establishes business relationships with content publishers and acts on behalf of their origin server sites to provide a distributed delivery system. A well-known commercial CDN service that provides web content and media streaming is provided by Akamai Technologies, Inc. of Cambridge, Mass.
CDNs may use content modification to tag content provider content for delivery. Content modification enables a content provider to take direct control over request-routing without the need for specific switching devices or directory services between the requesting clients and the origin server. Typically, content objects are made up of a basic structure that includes references to additional, embedded content objects. Most web pages, for example, consist of an HTML document that contains plain text together with some embedded objects, such as .gif or .jpg images. The embedded objects are referenced using embedded HTML directives. A similar scheme is used for some types of streaming content which, for example, may be embedded within an SMIL document. Embedded HTML or SMIL directives tell the client to fetch embedded objects from the origin server. Using a CDN content modification scheme, a content provider can modify references to embedded objects so that the client is told to fetch an embedded object from the best surrogate (instead of from the origin server).
In operation, when a client makes a request for an object that is being served from the CDN, an optimal or "best" edge-based content server is identified. The client browser then makes a request for the content from that server. When the requested object is not available from the identified server, the object may be retrieved from another CDN content server or, failing that, from the origin server.
A "best" content server for a particular client may not remain that way for a given time period. In the context of streaming content delivery, for example, the notion of "best" can change very quickly given the relatively large size of most streams (and the near-infinite size of all live streams). Thus, in many cases, the "best" server for a given client player receiving a given stream is likely to change before the stream is finished.
It would be desirable to enable a client player to identify a best server dynamically and, when appropriate, to enable the player to selectively switch from one server to another during the process of downloading and outputting a given stream or other large file.
A client machine includes a media player provisioned to perform a query to a CDNSP nameserver having a network map of Internet traffic conditions. In a preferred embodiment, the query is a DNS SRV lookup and includes an identification of the client player. The query is made asking for a particular service (e.g., RTSP) via a particular protocol (TCP) in a particular CDNSP domain. In response, the nameserver returns a set of one or more tokens, with each token defining a machine or, in the preferred embodiment, a group of machines, from which the player should seek to obtain given content (e.g., a stream). The player may then optionally perform one or more tests to determine which one of a set of returned servers provides a best quality of service for the content delivery. That server is then used to retrieve the content. Periodically, the client player code repeats the DNS SRV query during playback to determine whether there is a better source for the stream. If so, the player is controlled to switch to the better stream source "on the fly" if appropriate to maintain and/or enhance the quality of service. Preferably, the client player publishes data back to the CDNSP identifying the results that were obtained during the testing process. This data provides the CDNSP with feedback regarding why the client player selected a particular server. Such data may then be used to augment the network map that is used by the CDNSP for subsequent request routing determinations.
The foregoing has outlined some of the more pertinent features of the present invention. These features should be construed to be merely illustrative. Many other beneficial results can be attained by applying the disclosed invention in a different manner or by modifying the invention as will be described. Accordingly, other features and a fuller understanding of the invention may be had by referring to the following Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment.
High-performance content delivery is provided by directing requests for web objects (e.g., graphics, images, streaming media, HTML and the like) to the content delivery service network. In one known technique, known as Akamai FreeFlow Streaming content delivery, content is first tagged for delivery by the tool 106, which, for example, may be executed by a content provider at the content provider's web site 115. For streaming content, the initiator tool 106 converts URLs that refer to streaming content to modified resource locators, called ARLs for convenience, so that requests for such media are served preferentially from the CDN instead of the origin server. For example, the tool prepends each streaming URL with a string containing a CDN domain and, optionally, additional control information. For the URL rtsp://www.foo.com/movie.mov, for example, the corresponding ARLs may look like as follows:
Of course, the above formats are merely illustrative. When an Internet user visit's a CDN customer's site (e.g., origin server 115) and selects on a link to view or hear streaming media, the user's system resolves the domain in the ARL to an IP address. In particular, because the content has been tagged for delivery by the CDN, the URL modification, transparent to the user, cues the Internet's standard Domain Name Service (DNS) to query a CDN name server (or hierarchy of name servers) 104 to identify the appropriate media server from which to obtain the stream. The CDN typically implements a request-routing mechanism (e.g., under the control of maps generated from the monitoring agents 109 and map maker 107) to identify an optimal server for each user at a given moment in time. Because each user is served from the optimal streaming server, preferably based on real-time Internet conditions, streaming media content is served reliably and with the least possible packet loss and, thus, the best possible quality. Further details of a DNS-based request-routing mechanism are described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,108,703, which is incorporated herein by reference.
As described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,665,726, which is also incorporated herein by reference, live streaming can be further enhanced by having the CDN send multiple copies of the same stream over different routes from a CDN entry point to the optimal streaming server at the edge of the Internet. These copies are then combined to form one complete, original-quality stream, which is sent from the streaming server to the end users.
Each subscribing region, then, simultaneously receives multiple copies of the streamed content. These copies have been sent via separate routes over the Internet, so congestion resulting in dropped packets is unlikely to impact each copy of the stream equally. As described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,665,726, each region preferably has a mechanism to recreate in real time an original version of the stream as sent to the entry point. In this way, the technique compensates for the inherently faulty Internet and inherently lossy UDP transport protocol. The reassembly mechanism within each region makes the original, verbatim stream available to every streaming media server within that region. When a user clicks on a CDN-tagged stream, the stream is delivered from the optimal edge node (and, in particular, that node's streaming media server) identified by the CDN's request-routing mechanism. If the CDN maps a user to a node in a region which has not subscribed to that broadcast stream (which, for example, is true for the first connection served from that region), the region automatically notifies the set reflectors and subscribes to that stream.
A "best" content server for a particular client may not remain that way for a given time period. In particular, the notion of "best" can change very quickly given the relatively large size of most streams (and the near-infinite size of all live streams). Thus, in many cases, the "best" server for a given client player receiving a given stream is likely to change before the stream is finished. The present invention provides a method for enabling a client player to identify a best server dynamically and, in addition, to selectively switch to that server to receive the stream or portions thereof. In one embodiment, the present invention is implemented a streaming media client or player, which may be a plug-in to a web browser. The streaming media client is receiving a media stream from a given server, as generally described above. The invention enables the browser and, in particular, the media client, to identify an optimum streaming server for the stream in the first instance and, if appropriate, to selectively switch from a first server to an optimum streaming server "on the fly" so that it continues to receive the best possible service.
With reference to the illustrative
As will be illustrated in more detail below, preferably each token is a construct that can be used by the requesting client browser to find a preferred machine within a given CDN region. To give an example, the first token may be of the form "y5q.kamai.net" where the "kamai.net" domain identifies the CDNSP domain and the "y{x}q" portion is, in effect, an instruction to an CDNSP nameserver to identify a set of lower level nameservers in the specified CDN region number 5. The lower level nameservers would then be queried to identify a particular "best" server. Of course, the token itself may point directly to the lower level nameservers or to a particular server within a given region. Thus, as can be seen the client player initiates a query to a first or top level nameserver (the DNS SRV name server) and receives, in response, one or more tokens. A given token can then be passed back by the client player to a second or lower level nameserver to obtain a list of servers within a given CDN region from which the desired stream may be obtained. By passing the client player IP address in the initial request, the top level nameserver can provide more accurate mapping of the request to a CDN region best able to service the request.
Returning to
Once the fastest responding server is selected, the client connects to it and sends a usual command, e.g., the RTSP DESCRIBE command. According to the invention, the server testing process preferably also builds and sends an extra header that contains the IP address of the machine(s) tested, the timings of the OPTIONS experiment(s), and other data. The following is a representative data structure:
As noted above, typically the fastest responding server to the OPTIONS test will be the best server to stream the requested data to the user. This also gives the system a chance to re-assign the stream, e.g., via a redirect message. If the fastest responding server is indeed the correct server to stream from, then the X-CDNSP-Times header can be ignored by the server. Another function provided by the present invention is the ability of the client player (namely, the code running in that player) to identify a "better" source for a stream being received and to switch to that source "on the fly," i.e., while the stream is being received and rendered on the client. The decision process 308 is used to determine whether the player should switch servers mid-stream. Because it is likely there will be some cost to switching (e.g., perhaps a short interruption in service), a client should only switch servers if it is not getting an acceptable stream from the first server. The decision process 308 makes a decision regarding whether the stream being received is "acceptable," e.g., a stream that is not currently being thinned by the server, or some other metric. As used herein, "acceptable" does not necessarily mean acceptable quality. It can also mean acceptable from a stream management point of view. For example, the client could be actually told by the server that the stream is unacceptable, e.g., if the server knows it is to be taken down soon (for a software update or other servicing). It could also declare a stream unacceptable if new advertising or newer content (e.g., a fast breaking news story) becomes available. These examples, of course, are merely representative.
If the decision process determines that another server is a better source than a current source, control is passed to the stream switch process 310, which is the process that makes the actual switch from one server to another. The particular technique used for switching from a first server to a second server typically is media type-dependent and any convenient technique may be used. Thus, for example, assume a stream being received has a length of 5:00 minutes and the client player is processing the stream from a first server at an offset of 2:35 when a decision is made to change to a second server. The stream switch process 310 may then cause the second server to begin sending the stream at an offset of 2:45 and, at the same time, send appropriate instructions to terminate the stream from the first server. The stream switch process thus has the capability of picking the server it likes "least" and instructing that server to cease transmission at a given point. In another alternative, once the stream switch process 310 decides to make a switch, it creates an internal buffer and causes that buffer to be filled with advance portions of the stream (e.g., by instructing the first server to deliver packets faster than those packets can be rendered or by instructing the player to slow down the rendering process). The switch process 310 then causes the first server to cease transmission and request that the new server begin the stream at a given offset. At this point, the pre-cached data in the buffer is rendered until the given offset is reached and the new data is received. As appropriate, the stream switch process includes the capability to match data packets from first and second servers to enable a substantially seamless switch to the new stream source. Voice streams can be synched before a switch by snipping out and putting in minute bits of silence between words. Of course, the above are merely exemplary as any convenient switching technique may be implemented.
Thus, as summarized in the flowchart of
The following is an illustrative embodiment for an Apple QuickTime media player.
The SRV nameserver that receives this query then has several important pieces of information:
As an example, assume that a user at IP address 18.104.22.168 is requesting a stream from the host a40.q.kamai.net. The SRV query might then be of the following representative format:
Based on the then-current network map, assume that the best region is region 5, followed by region 3, and then region 2 and region 7 at equal ability. In such case, the SRV name server will return the following representative data (with the particular references being merely exemplary):
Once the client (and, in particular, the client player) receives this list of servers, it contacts each one and requests an "OPTIONS" from each one. The response from each server is timed, and the "fastest" server may be selected as the "best" server from which to proceed. Once the fastest responding server is selected, the client connects to it and sends the usual DESCRIBE command. In addition to this, the X-CDNSP-Times: header preferably is added containing the timings of the OPTIONS experiment.
After the Connection is Established
At this point, the client is speaking to the best server. As noted above, the client player may selectively switch from one stream to another, either seamlessly or with as minimal of a break as possible. With that ability, if a client does a SRV lookup periodically, it can learn which set of servers is currently best and switch to a server that is better than the one it is currently receiving the stream from.
In combination with the inventive method, a given server itself can elect at any time to send the client to a better place via the RTSP REDIRECT command. This command allows for a redirect to happen at a particular time count, which should allow the player to resume the stream where it left off elsewhere without missing any data.
As noted above, when the client player sends a query to the nameserver, that server performs a lookup against a map of current Internet traffic conditions. The CDNSP generates the map in any convenient manner. The following is a representative technique, which should not be taken by way of limitation. To prepare for generating this map, mapping agents (e.g., one per CDN server region) may collect the following information: (a) IP blocks (a list of IP address blocks currently in use in the Internet), (b) load (per-IP block measurements of the amount of web load currently being handled by the CDN, (c) communication costs (e.g., a table listing the measured communication cost for each {IP block, CDN server region} pair, and (d) capacity (e.g., an aggregate server and network capacity of each CDN server region).
In particular, a combination of different methods may be used to put together the list of IP blocks representing all of the leaf networks (e.g., endpoint LAN's on the global Internet): BGP peering, harvesting information from network registration databases (e.g., RIPE, APNIC and ARIN), and random traceroutes into very large blocks (e.g., UUNET). The load on the CDN generated by each IP block may be determined by gathering and aggregating measurements from the CDN content servers. One or more different communication costs may be used to determine the cost of communication between an IP block and a CDN server region: network health of server region (e.g., a binary metric indicating that the region is up or down), ASPATH length between the block and the server region (e.g., as supplied by BGP), round trip time (RTT) between the region's mapping agent and a given point in the IP block, packet loss rate between the region's mapping agent and the given point in the IP block, geographic distance, and perhaps others. These metrics may be combined into a single cost metric for each IP block, server region pair, with the priority, or weighting, of each individual metric set to be proportional to its position on the list. Two types of capacity measurement are typically made: total server capacity in each region and physical network capacity in each region. The server capacity is determined from the number of servers currently up in a region. Physical network capacity is determined with packet pair measurements. Region capacity may be calculated as a given function (e.g., the minimum) of these two measurements.
The map associates each IP block to an optimal CDN server region. One technique for generating the map involves identifying a number of candidate regions for each IP block (e.g., based on the {IP block, server region} communication costs), generating a bipartite graph using all of the measured and collected network information (e.g., with one side of the graph representing each of the IP blocks and the other side representing CDN server regions), and then running a min-cost flow algorithm on the graph. Each IP block node is labeled with its measured load, which is treated as the "flow" coming from that node. Running the algorithm results in an optimal assignment of IP block load to server regions. This assignment is the map, which is generated periodically by the CDNSP and then delivered to the nameservers that respond to the client player queries.
Many of the functions have been described and illustrated above as discrete programs. One of ordinary skill will appreciate that any given function, alternatively, may comprise part of another program. Thus, any reference herein to a program should be broadly construed to refer to a program, a process, an execution thread, or other such programming construct. Generalizing, each function described above may be implemented as computer code, namely, as a set of computer instructions, for performing the functionality described via execution of that code using conventional means, e.g., a processor, a computer, a machine, a system, or other apparatus.
While the present invention has been described in the context of an RTSP stream-based protocol, one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the functions and features described may also be used for other types of content. A particular example would be HTTP over TCP/IP, wherein the given content of interest is a large HTTP object. In such case, the various processes described above may be modified as appropriate to implement the described functionality. Thus, for example, the stream switch process would be modified to incorporate appropriate routines for handling the file switch. As in the stream-based embodiment, the code may be built into a browser, a plug-in, an applet, or other codebase.
Having thus described my invention, the following sets forth what I now claim.
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text: The Screen Overlay wiki last edited by Jagged85 on 11/05/14 05:54PM View full history PlatformsMagnavox Odyssey more or less required the screen overlay to play the actual game. Because the system did not contain any real CPU or logic chip nor real graphics as we know them today. Take for example their Skiing game. Forget the ability for the system to create the path, all the system could create is the person (which was a pong paddle). The path of the ski course was printed on the overlay. Without the overlay the screen will just be black except for the paddle.Vectrex games did not require screen overlays in order to play the game. For the vectrex games the overlays were more to enhance the player's experience. The system was capable of displaying all the graphical elements to play the game but everything was only one color, white. The overlay provided color to games. Pole Position is good example of this 'enhancement'. The system was able to display the car,the road, the landscape in the distance, the other cars on the road you get the idea. With the screen overlay, the landscape was had a blue skyline with green mountains. The road was a brown dirt like look to it. Also some Vectrex overlays at the bottom displayed a quick guide of what the controller buttons do. you can see from the image that button 1 is 1st Gear, 2 is 2nd Gear and 3 & 4 are used for gas.ArcadesSpace Invaders (with color overlay in cabaret & cocktail arcade cabinets)Arcade games in the 1970s also used screen overlays to an extent, to simulate color graphics for a monochrome game. The most famous example is Space Invaders, which used a color overlay over its monochrome graphics to simulate color graphics.


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An old pro decodes the blind quotes and leaks surrounding the turmoil in the White House foreign policy team.
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Hostelworld "meet the world" by Lucky Generals
Rating: 5.0
By John Reynolds, marketingmagazine.co.uk, Thursday, 21 March 2013 11:34AM
The 2013 report by WPP questioned 62,250 respondents across 10 markets including the UK and US.
It asked contributors to name the global brands with the most "Vibe" (Visionary, Inspiring, Bold and Exciting) attributes.
The research revealed technology brands are making the most powerful connections with consumers, as they accounted for six out of the top 10 places in the ranking.
WPP said that by achieving high levels of "cultural traction", the top 10 brands were ensuring they stay more relevant to consumers.
2013 marks the first time that Added Value, the WPP-owned global brand development and marketing insight consultancy, has carried the research out globally. Last year it carried out the research in the US.
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This article was first published on marketingmagazine.co.uk
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Rating: 5.0
Agency: Grey London
Rating: 5.0


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February 4th, 2011, 08:03 PM
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Tripping furnace limit switch/ not enough air flow
This is a long post. I believe giving all of the relevant information will better enable good responses.
My 2800 ft^2 house in Massachusetts built in 97 uses a Bryant 383KAV 80%, 154KBTU/hr input, 2 zone (pressure side only dampered)gas furnace, model #383KAV060155.
I have come to realize that when I run only on one zone and the system has to run for a while to reach thermostat setpoint (like on a cold morning, when I wake up and turn on/crank up the 2nd floor zone only) then the limit switch in the heat exchanger will trip prior to setpoint being reached. This creates a 3-3 code. The burners shut down, the blower will keep runnning as it should to cool the heat exchanger (so theres non heated air blowing out of the registers). The temp of the heat exchanger drops and then the burners relight and eventually the setpoint is reached or the process repeats until the setpoint is reached. Because the process will repeat until the setpoint is reached, it is not readily apparent there's a problem.
I've done some investigating to arrive at this and I believe the root cause is an inadequate duct system for running this furnace on only one zone. When only the 1st floor damper is open the system will run for about 7 minutes, 2nd floor damper only open then it will only run for about 4 minutes (this is in Jan/Feb), both dampers open it will run for at least a half hour, possibly indefinitely. The limit switch is a 160F. I've replaced it. I've also measured the temp in the duct just before the dampers. If both dampers open then it will go up to 154F, only one damper open then it will go to 160F and the limit trips. The temperature rise per the raying plate on furnace is supposed to be 50 to 85. 70room + 85 = 155 Max< 160. Further leads me to believe inadequate airflow.
I also checked out 2 neighbors houses. neighbor A has same furnace, different larger house, different duct work. He has no problem and air at damper is only ~130F. I checked out neighbor B's house. I told neighbor B of my problem and he said he hadn't experienced it. Anyway neighbor B has identical furnace and house. I measured temp at closed damper and I saw it reach 160F just like on mine, and then whaddya know, the burners shutdown, blower kept blowing and same 3-3 code. he has same issue and didn't even know it.
If I run the furnace temporarily with the door removed to the blower compartment (unrestricted air supply, door safety bypassed) then it runs fine and temps are fine.
I replaced the motor run capacitor (not a start capacitor, this is a PSC motor) to eliminate the cap as a possibility. New motor is like $400+. Won't replace that unless I'm 98% sure and I'm inclined to think it's running the same as when it was new.
I should mention that I've replaced the filter and its very non restrictive and none of the outlets are blocked. The blower speed for heat is the 2nd highest of 4 available. 1st reserved for AC use. Switching to the A/c highest speed doesn't stop the limit from tripping. I also "clocked" the meter to confirm that the unit wasn't being supplied excess gas.
At this point I'm pretty convinced that the root cause is that the ductwork doesn't allow the stock blower to push enough CFMs to adequately dissipate the heat produced, at least not for when only one damper is open (the majority of time).
MY QUESTION IS: what are my options for preventing the tripping without replacing the furnace with a smaller unit? Are their higher speed blower units available (if so from where)? Any ideas?
Thanks for any help.
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February 4th, 2011, 09:38 PM
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You may want to investigate your zoning dampers. You may need to reduce the minimum opening so it isn't so restrictive on just one zone. A zone dampered system can be difficult to get to work correctly because of the massive changes that could take place for different duct combinations.
If it works with the blower door open, you may either be just on the edge of enough airflow, or perhaps the return air is more restrictive than the pressure side. Try removing your return grills with the blower door closed. Is this enough of an improvement for it to work? If so, is it easy to add any more return openings somewhere?
If the return duct itself is too small, you could change just that to a larger one, or put in another opening in the return duct somewhere near the furnace. Should be rather easy to cut a rectangle in your return duct and then put the metal back with metal tape if it didn't work out.
Where are your return ducts compared to the pressure ducts? Best to put them on the same floor with similar square areas as the amount of pressure vents on that floor. If the furnace is in the basement, it may suck the basement door closed if there is excess return air compared to pressure vents. You may need to undercut the door if it works OK with the basement door open.
A 150 KBTU furnace is rather huge. If well insulated, that sounds too large unless you have a lot of windows or a big one story house. A furnace this big probably has the largest blower you can have (generally 1 HP).
Most modern furnaces are designed to push against up to 0.5" of water column. Some older ones were limited to 0.3". Some new ones can go up to .75 or even 1", but best to make the ducts bigger, slow the air down, and cut down the BTU. You could buy a magnehelic gauge, drill a hole in the duct work at the furnace at the input (between filter and blower) and output sides (past heat exchanger, before zone dampers), and measure that static pressure when dampered down to one zone. A gauge with two inputs would be easiest (return on one side, pressure on the other). A single port gauge will measure again ambient atmosphere, so you'll have negative pressure on the return side and positive on the output side. You add those two absolute values together to get the overall external static pressure drop.
Kent, WA
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February 5th, 2011, 07:05 PM
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Mark, thank you for your detailed response.
The zone dampers are the opposed blade, shutter type, not the circular disk type. There is no mimimum opening so I don't think I can alter it. If it were a disk I suppose I could remove material from the center to create a bypass, but it is small blades. I suppose I could remove the dampers altogether but I don't consider that acceptable. I want two zones.
The return trunk is a large rectangular one in the basement next to the 2 pressure trunks all leading to the furnace. The return trunk eventually connects to a trunk in the attic via panned joist cavities to a vertical trunk . There are two registers on the first floor, connected to the basement return trunk by panned 2X10 joist cavites. On the 2nd floor there are also two return registers. These are in the ceiling, are connected to the trunk in the attic by way of 12" flex duct.
The return registers on both floors are located somewhar near the center of the floor plan. The much smaller pressure registers are located around exterior walls. I believe this is correct method.
All of the interior doors are undercut. Your comment about the potential of basement door being sucked shut is ironic. When I first moved in that used to happen. I found that the return trunk as it connected to the furnace was not properly sealed. I sealed it, then no more door being sucked closed, also no more outside air being sucked through rim joist fiberglass insulation. Although I clearly decreased the return air by forcing the blower to suck it from the registers via the ductwork instead of additionally pulling on the unheated, unfinished basement.
I am now just beginning the long term project of finishing a large portion of the basement. Eventually in order to heat the basement, I will be adding branches to the main trunks including connecting a return register. That will have a similar effect to your suggestion of adding a register directly to the return trunk.
I believe my furnace is oversized. I think that is the problem. Even if the ductwork were adequate, a furnace this size is larger than it needs to be for my 2800ft^2 house. The blower motor is .75Hp. It's supposed to be .2" "Certified External Static Pressure"/1770 CFM when in heating mode and .50" CESP/2055 CFM when in cooling mode per Bryant manual.
I have been considering making and using a water manometer. I think I'd have to hook it up above the A coil though. Not sure how much that will affect the comparison of the measurement to the Factory CESP.
Someone else has suggested considering changing the burner orifice size. Do you have an opinion on that?
Thanks again for any information.
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February 5th, 2011, 07:22 PM
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I don't know enough about gas furnaces to know if there is a way to reduce their btu output via orifice changes. On an oil furnace, that would work. I didn't think you could do that, and orifices were only for different fuels to get the right fuel-air mixture. Even finding a way to shutdown one of the burners would probably work.
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February 5th, 2011, 09:13 PM
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I install many zone systems and in the heating cycle they can be very finicky. Your ductwork is sized for your total system. When one zone is closed you can only move 1/3 1/2 1/4 of the total airflow depending on your setup. You could oversize each zone to account for the increased airflow when one zone closes. The problem with this is when all zones are open you keep the cfm's but decrease velocity. This can be a problem. Without proper velocity the air leaving the outlets will not be able to reach the far side of rooms and you will have more hot and cold spots. It is virtually impossible to have both with a standard zone system. You can accomplish this with a modulating zone system where the zone and bypass dampers open and close based on static pressure. No zone will ever truly close. These are far more expensive and need no maintenance.
Your system is fine operating the way it is. It will do the same thing in the cooling cycle if setup properly. When a zone is closed it should increase run time while cycling the system until it satisfies.
My suggesting is to decrease the output pressure of the gas valve. This will increase runtime but decrease cycling. There is a large round screw on the gas valve that hides another screw underneath. Turn the second srew counter clockwise and you will be able to visibly see the size of the flames decrease. Do not drop it too much or you will have problems with the flame sensor or with burners not igniting. Its best to use a manometer and stay within the specs of the system but you can do it by sight. No more than a half turn at a time. This is not hard to do, anyone can do this. Damn my fingers hurt. Sorry for rambling.
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February 5th, 2011, 09:15 PM
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Oh and sue is right you can block off one of the orifice's. I've bought caps and sealed them off on furnaces with a bad cell in a heat exchanger for customers who couldn't afford to replace the system or the exchanger. With a furnace that size where I live in a house that size i could cap two of them. You can get a cap at an appliance part store.
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February 8th, 2011, 03:26 PM
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Buddylee, thanks for your response. I have some specific questions I'm hoping you can respond to although I'm hoping that anyone else reading will feel free to put their 2 cents in too.
Sounds like you work as an HVAC tech, is that right? What better source for this.
You said "Your system is fine operating the way it is" you feel that way despite the fact that the limit frequently trips and I get an error code? Could you please explain? Is it just a matter of, if you have a dampered system this is quite common and the house still gets up to heat anyway so no big deal, don't be bothered by it? But shouldn't I be concerned about the furnace's life being shortened by this?
You suggest decreasing the gas pressure. If I do that should I reduce the orifice size also? The table in the Bryant manual which is geared towards adjusting for different altitudes, gives an orifice size with a gas pressure. These are selected based on specific gravity of fuel and of altitude. If I decrease the pressure but stay within the specs of the system as you suggest, is it a given that the efficiency won't be drastically affected?
You mentioned capping off a burner or two. Appliance stores in my area and those I've looked at online don't sell heating system parts. I've looked at online companies that do sell heating system parts and have not found one yet that carries caps or orifices for that matter. Do you (or anyone else reading this) know of any online sources that carry these? I'm sure a local Bryant distributor won't sell any parts to me.
What do you think of the idea of adding a basement supply register to increase flow/ deal with the problem?
Thanks again for any additional information. It's great that people are willing to help like this.
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February 8th, 2011, 05:43 PM
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Ok first off I don't want to mislead you when I said "your furnace is fine operating this way". You want to try and solve this issue but it is definitely no emergency. Many people feel that they should not operate equipment when there is the slightest fear of something wrong. But you don't have to worry about that. There is a chance that the heat exchanger continuously overheating and cooling will increase expansion and contraction which could leads to premature failure. That is why the limit switch is there to begin with. It keeps the system from getting dangerously hot. however it will turn off the gas supply long before damage can be done. It Is an automatic reset switch to eliminate nuisance tripping caused by dirty air filters, closed registers and temporary air flow issues. You wouldn't want to have to manually reset it or call someone out every time something like this happens.
You could in theory leave it this way and it could last for 30 years but why take the chance. Most of the zone control systems I install have a discharge air sensor mounted between the supply and return before the bypass damper. We can set the zone control board to monitor this temp. and turn the gas supply off before it gets hot enough to trip the high limit switch. Reducing the chance or damage or system lockout. This also happens when the air temp gets to cold. It will shut down the compressor and warm the coil before it allows the coil to freeze. Some brands have a limit sensor in the blower compartment, that is set lower than the high limit, this will shut the burners down if the hot air coming in is above the temp that would allow the heat exchanger to overheat.
Let me know what type of zone controller you have installed and I may be able to help just by changing a setting or two. Also you said that only the pressure side was dampered. Is there no bypass damper between the supply and return air sides of the system? If not the zone dampers should be the modulating type and controlled by static pressure in the duct work. Sometimes if like you said there is a basement or a two story area or any area where extra air is not an issue the bypass will run there as a waste area. in this case all the extra air will not return to the system but into the heated area of the house. This is the easiest to fine tune as you are not dumping the hot air back into the furnace. If there is a bypass damper it may be opening to much or not enough. These systems are hard to fine tune. Some have taken numerous visits.
I don't recommend capping an orifice because you do not change the temperature in the heat exchangerf cells that are still in use. You can drop the gas pressure without changing the orifice size. If you lower pressure and then increas the size of the orifice you are right back where you started. Changing to a larger blower will not help. Your blower has multiple speeds. it should be set at low or medium for heating. If you raise the blower speed it will drop the temp. in the heat exchanger but will then increase the static pressure and force more hot air through the bypass and still force the system off. They probably raise the blower speed to help it run a little longer before shutting down. In the cooling cycle this is not as noticeable. I have one system out there with 4 zones the largest being four rooms the smallest being one room. There is no possible way I could balance that system to be able to heat only that one room without having this same issue. To compensate the d.a.t.s. i mentioned is the best option. I try to design them all to have this capability. but each brand of controller has their own way of doing this.
Give me a little more info, even a picture or two and I could possibly point you in the right direction.
Just so you know using the d.a.t.s. to monitor the air temperature will still shut down the burners so technically it will be soing the exact same thing only at a lower temperature. So in my opinion the waste area outlet is the best to use but not as efficient since the hot air or cold air aren't being put directly back into the system which cycles the system more frequently but continues moving air across a hot exchanger or cold coil. But any engineer or tech. will tell you that a system is least efficient at startup. So opinions on this change drastically and rapidly. just like the do on programable t-stats and setting the system higher or lower when away.
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February 8th, 2011, 06:23 PM
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Oh and you ask about efficiency, if you lower gas pressure you are burning less fuel. Just think about a two stage furnace. it will burn less fuel but run longer cycles. If the temperature differential is not to great this will be more efficient. If the temp differential is large this will be less efficient. I see that you are an engineer so I'm sure you have had these debates yourself about run time, inout output and the overall goal. An electric furnace is rated at 100% efficiency since no heat is lost but it still costs more to operate than a 90% efficiency gas furnace.
No two situations are identical so I couldn't say with total confidence that it would help with efficiency but I also know that you have a furnace that is to large for the area it serves which is also wasting energy. Every day I talk to people about increased seer ratings, eer rating and afue ratings to help them make a decision on what type of equipment to install and when you account for payback period, my answer changes from day to day. In a well sealed house a high efficiency system will save less money albeit at the same rate than it would in an old drafty house. So I sell the higher end systems more on their increased comfort humidity control and features more than I push the dollars saved. After all your comfort is worth more than the 6 bucks a month you may save.
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February 9th, 2011, 09:33 PM
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Thanks for the new responses.
There is no bypass damper. The damper system is called Trol a Temp by Honeywell. Here's a link to a PDF I found on the web that describes it.
Page 24 describes what I have. There is no temp sensor or pressure sensor. The damper is either fully open or fully closed and is a function of whether the thermostat is calling for heat for that zone.
My two thermostats are Honeywell Mercury Switch non programable.
I've also attached a Jpeg File of photos of the system with details.
Given this added information what do you think is my best bet, add a return, lower gas pressure or something else?
Thanks for any additional input.
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'County Agency News' Archives
Larimer Master Gardeners on deadheading and
The Art of deadheading By: Charleen Barr Colorado State University Extension Master Gardener in Larimer County Many gardeners do not realize deadheading is an art rather than a chore. Some chores that are tedious for one gardener may seem pleasant to another, but deadheading flowers just requires a positive attitude. When deadheading, gardeners are tending their garden in a most intimate way. Deadheading a flower refreshes a plant's appearance, controls seed dispersal, ... Full Story
The Sheriff talks Budget
Budget 101 There are tough times ahead for Larimer County government in terms of financing all of the mandated services the county must perform and the non-mandated services that enhance the quality of life that the citizens have come to expect. With the shrinking property taxes that support most of county government, and the decline in sales tax that funds much of the jail and some other county services, the county is having to tighten its belt even further. The county departments and ... Full Story
Sheriff's office explains wildland fire role
Wildland Fires Several newspaper articles and anonymous comments in "RH Line" of the Reporter Herald regarding the Round Mountain Fire in the Big Thompson Canyon prompt me to write this. It is obvious that the sheriff's role and responsibility for wildland fire suppression is generally not understood. Recent statutory changes further muddied the waters on the jurisdictional issues involved. By Colorado statute, the sheriff has always been the "fire warden" for the unincorporated ... Full Story
Beware door-to-door con artists
The Larimer County Sheriff's Office would like to caution residents against door-to-door con artists. These itinerant criminals known as "Travelers" and "Gypsies," generally appear in the summertime and are often members of one family. Annually these professionals collectively make millions of dollars off the vulnerability of older or unsuspecting Coloradoans. A FRAUD ALERT! supplied by the State of Colorado Office of the District Attorney offers these observations on ... Full Story
Larimer County Parks Advisory Board, July 13
AGENDA Tuesday, July 13, 2010, 5:30 - 8:30 p.m., Bison Visitor Center, 1800 South County Road 31, Loveland, CO 5:30 REGULAR MEETING OPENING – 5 minutes Meeting called to order by Chair Approve minutes of last meeting Review Agenda and enclosures 5:35 BOARD MEMBER REPORTS–if any 5:40 PUBLIC COMMENT: Items not on the agenda 5:45 GENERAL INFORMATION: (Questions – 5 min.) § Natural Resource Events for July. See ... Full Story
Volunteer Ranger Assistant Training Deadline and
What did you want to be when you grew up? Do you dream of being outdoors, chatting with visitors, enjoying wildlife and helping the environment? Did you think you would grow up to be a park ranger? It's not too late! You can become a Volunteer Ranger Assistant and help park and natural area rangers accomplish much of their important work. As a Volunteer Ranger Assistant you will be an ambassador for natural areas and open spaces. Volunteer Ranger Assistants (VRAs) are a friendly ... Full Story
Appointments to Larimer County Boards
Larimer County, Colorado - The Board of Larimer County Commissioners this week made several appointments to citizen Boards. They are: Board of Adjustment: Paul Devenny, Jeffrey – Fort Collins Carol Dowding – Loveland Board of Health: Christopher McKinney – Loveland Environmental Advisory Board: Ryan McShane, Kate Muldoon, Jarrett Tishmack - Fort Collins Earlie Thomas – LaPorte Evelyn King – Loveland Extension Advisory Committee: Trena Anastasia, ... Full Story
Armed Robbery Suspect in Custody
Press release from Larimer County Sheriff's Department On June 23, 2010, in a joint effort investigators from the Larimer County Sheriff's Office along with detectives from the Thornton Police Department and in conjunction with the Johnstown Police Department and the Weld County Sheriff's Office SWAT Team arrested Jason Edward Sisler, a 35-year-old Johnstown man, on a charge of Aggravated Robbery, a class three felony. This arrest is in connection with a robbery that occurred June 17, 2010, ... Full Story
Larimer County Open Lands Advisory Board June Meeting
The Larimer County Open Lands Advisory Board meeting, scheduled for 5:00 p.m. on Thursday, June 24, 2010, has been cancelled. The next meeting will take place on Thursday, July 22, 2010 at the Loveland Municipal Building at 500 East Third St. in Loveland. All meetings are open to the public.
Additional Meningitis case confirmed
The Larimer County Department of Health and Environment reports that another case of meningococcal disease in a Fort Collins area resident has been confirmed. The affected individual is also associated with the two hockey teams in Division C of the adult league that played at EPIC (Edora Pool and Ice Center) on June 9 at 7:15 PM. The person had left for a family vacation to Montana on June 12. According to Dr. Adrienne LeBailly, director of the Larimer County Health Department, the ... Full Story


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'Vital Interest'
Asked on NBC whether the mission in Libya was vital to U.S. interests, Gates said: "No, I don't think it's a vital interest for the United States, but we clearly have interests there and it's a part of the region, which is a vital interest for the United States."
HUH? YES, but NO


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Tito Edwards is happily married and manages Catholic websites for the new evangelization that Pope John Paul II and then Cardinal Ratzinger, now Pope Benedict XVI, has asked for in the third millennium. After a lifetime of living a nominal Catholic life, he reverted completely to his childhood faith that began on the eve of the funeral of Pope John Paul II. He manages BigPulp.it and The American Catholic.
Stacy Trasancos is a mother of seven and a former research scientist turned homemaker, writer, editor, and educator. She earned a PhD in Chemistry from the Pennsylvania State University in 1999 and a MA in Dogmatic Theology from Holy Apostles College and Seminary in 2014. She is the author of Science Was Born of Christianity: The Teaching of Fr. Stanley L. Jaki. Visit her website for more information on her writing, teaching, and life in the Adirondack Mountains.
Senior Editor
Diane McKelva is an American writer and essayist living in the Southern United States. She shares stories that compel her readers to challenge their potential in life. Her work often reflects her Catholic faith, and frequently examines issues surrounding moral and ethical dilemmas, injustice, conflicts within humanity, and resilience of the human spirit. She is a contributor to numerous religious and secular publications such as Catholic Online, The National Catholic Register, Shalom Media, The Tennessee Register, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, and the Pittsburgh Tribune Review, to name a few. Her editing and creative writing talent has been utilized by such clients as US Steel, Focus Magazine, Hilton, Bayer, The University of Pittsburgh, San Jose Museum of Art, Def Jam Records, Nashville Business Journal, Marathon Oil Corporation and country music artists. She also provided work for the late Senator John Heinz (R-PA). Read more about Diane here.
Managing Editors
Chelsea Zimmerman is the editor-in-chief for Catholic Lane and a managing editor at Ignitum Today. She often writes and speaks about life issues and Catholic spirituality. She has been featured on EWTN's Life on the Rock. Her website is Reflections of a Paralytic.
Anthony S. Layne was born in Albuquerque, New Mexico and raised in Omaha, Nebraska. He served briefly in the U.S. Marine Corps and attended the University of Nebraska at Omaha as a sociology major while holding a variety of jobs. Tony was a "C-and-E Catholic" until, while defending the Faith during the scandals of 2002, he discovered the beauty of Catholic orthodoxy. He currently lives in Denton, Texas, works in the home-mortgage industry in Dallas, participates in his parish's Knights of Columbus council, and bowls poorly on Sunday nights. Along with Catholic Stand, he also contributes to New Evangelization Monthly and occasionally writes for his own blogs, Outside the Asylum and The Impractical Catholic
Anabelle Hazard is a practicing Catholic, non-practicing attorney, happy homeschooler, penniless novelist (of Catholic novels Sand and Water and Fireflies Dance), and long-winded blogger at Written By the Finger of God.
Media Editor
Susan Anne is a cradle Catholic born and raised in eastern Ohio where she attended the Franciscan University of Steubenville. Afterwards, she moved to the greater D.C. area, and attended Christendom College. It was there that she gained knowledge of Church Doctrine, teachings of the Fathers, and Tradition. Residing in rural New Hampshire, Susan is a full-time homeschooling mother to ten beautiful children.
Graphics Editor
Birgit Jones is a 50-something cradle Catholic who is passionate about the Church and the prolife movement. A graduate of Brescia University, she has employed her Bachelor of Art degree in pursuits ranging from Executive Director of Right to Life groups to Field Representative to Congressman Ron Lewis (R-KY).
She has been married to her Catholic convert husband, Rick, for 40 years. They have four children and eight living grandchildren (all age eleven and under). Their frequent visits eliminate any fear of an empty nest! Birgit can also be found on her personal blog Designs By Birgit and Facebook fan page Designs By Birgit, where she utilizes her advertising and public relations experience to promote Life through her pro-life memes.


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NASA's first man on Mars will never come home again
- From: The Daily Telegraph
- October 29, 2010
IT could be the biggest dead-end job ever. NASA is looking for volunteers to fly to Mars - the snag is that you would never come back.
It is actively investigating the possibility of humans colonising worlds such as the Red Planet.
The settlers would be sent supplies from Earth but would go on the understanding that it would be too costly to bring them home.
NASA revealed yesterday that it has already received more than $1 million to start work on the project at its Ames Research Centre in California.
Centre director Pete Worden, who claimed humans could be living on Mars by 2030 despite the inhospitable conditions, said: "The human space program is now aimed at settling other worlds. Twenty years ago you had to whisper that in dark bars or get fired."
Mr Worden told a conference in San Francisco that he had discussed the potential for one-way trips to Mars with Google co-founder Larry Page.
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Submit an inspirational pool for consideration for the 2016 Venice Architecture Biennale.
Search our directory of architecture firms to find the right architect for your project.
Apply for the A+ membership advantage today.
The Australian Institute of Architects is the peak body for the architectural profession in Australia, representing 12,000 members. The Institute works to improve our built environment by promoting quality, responsible, sustainable design. Through its members, the Institute plays a major role in shaping Australia's future.
2014 National Architecture AwardsShelter@Rainforest by Marra + Yeh Architects (East Malaysia) Photo – Brett Boardman
2014 National Architecture AwardsNorth Bondi Surf Life Saving Club by Durbach Block Jaggers with Peter Colquhoun (NSW) Photo – Anthony Browell
2014 National Architecture AwardsThe Commons by Breathe Architecture (Vic) Photo – Andrew Wuttke
2014 National Architecture AwardsBalmain Apartment by Durbach Block Jaggers (NSW) Photo – Anthony Browell
Projects involving the adaptive reuse of heritage and other older buildings are the big winners at the Australian Institute of Architects' 2015 Tasmanian Architecture Awards. Read more.
Victoria's top architecture firms came together to recognise the state's best, at the Australian Institute of Architects' 2015 Victorian Architecture Awards. Read more.
More News & Media
© 2014 Australian Institute of Architects
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NBC's tape-delay coverage of the 2012 Summer Olympics was widely panned by social media users, who were subject to spoilers from sites such as Twitter.
But the network's strategy may be the wave of the future.
The London Olympics garnered record ratings. And a significant number of people who viewed live streams of events during the day also tuned in during prime time to watch the semi-produced coverage, said Dick Green, the former chairman of CableLabs, the Louisville-based research and development consortium of cable TV companies.
"I thought that was the best coverage of the Olympics that I've ever seen," Green said last week at a video-programming conference at the University of Colorado at Boulder. "It looks to me like this is a new direction, the new way video is going to go."
He acknowledged that the Olympics had special characteristics because it was a live event, but believes more programming will be delivered in multiple formats.
The half-day conference, organized by the Silicon Flatirons Center for Law, Technology and Entrepreneurship, also featured a discussion with Chet Kanojia, chief executive of Aereo, a New York-based startup with a potentially disruptive technology platform.
Backed by billionaire media executive Barry Diller, Aereo's micro-antenna technology allows consumers to easily watch and record content from over-the-air channels online in high-definition. The service is currently only available in New York City and costs $80 a year, the amount many pay-TV subscribers pay a month.
Kanojia said the company is in discussions to sign on premium content from programmers such as Starz, which would give Aereo's subscribers access to both live and on-demand programming.
During a panel discussion about sports programming, executives from ESPN, News Corp. and Time Warner Cable said the economics of the pay-TV business don't support a la carte service, which would allow consumers to only pay for the channels they want to watch.
"It's one of those things that we constantly debate, 'gosh, wouldn't that be great for the consumer,' " said Melinda Witmer, an executive vice president at Time Warner. "But at the end of the day, the reality of how do we actually pay for the phenomenal content that's created in this country doesn't work so well when you start taking it apart."
Andy Vuong : 303-954-1209 or fb.com/byandyvuong


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By 2007, Hagel was giving speeches on the floor of the Senate opposing the counterinsurgency strategy and surge of troops in Iraq.
Salahaddin is an internal province of Iraq, and its force was tailored for counterinsurgency.
He oversaw the crafting of a manual to educate the U.S. military in the politico-military tangles of counterinsurgency.
Military power applied in guerrilla warfare in support of the established government.


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New Jersey gay marriage
Latest news on the NJ gay marriage bill and referendum
N.J. Politics Roundup: Group linked to Clinton attacks Christie; Democrats debate gay marriage bill
By Brent Johnson | NJ Advance Media for NJ.com
December 12, 2013, 7:00AM
A collection of political news from the Statehouse and around New Jersey Full story »
Gay marriage is baaaack!: Editorial
By Star-Ledger Editorial Board
December 12, 2013, 6:30AM
This time, no safe harbor for discrimination Full story »
N.J. Assembly Democrats not on board with state Senate gay marriage bill
By Matt Friedman | NJ Advance Media for NJ.com
December 11, 2013, 10:52AM
While gay marriage is currently permitted in New Jersey, it's based on a state Superior Court judge's decision, and some want to secure the right of same-sex couples to marry by writing it into the law books so a higher court cannot overrule it. Full story »
N.J. Politics Roundup: Senate panel to take up gay marriage bill; Menendez gets engaged
By Brent Johnson | NJ Advance Media for NJ.com
December 11, 2013, 7:00AM
A collection of political news from the Statehouse and around New Jersey Full story »
N.J. Senate panel to take up gay marriage bill
By Matt Friedman | NJ Advance Media for NJ.com
December 10, 2013, 6:41PM
Gay marriage has been permitted in New Jersey since the Gov. Chris Christie's administration in October dropped its appeal of a Superior Court decision to legalize it. However, advocates have debated as to whether to let the judicial precedent stand or write it into state law. Full story »
Fired gay N.J. teacher gets backing from largest gay rights group
By Alex Napoliello | NJ Advance Media for NJ.com
December 10, 2013, 10:30AM
The Human Rights Campaign said Michael Griffin "served his school, and more importantly his students well for 12 years...only to be fired for making a commitment to the person he loves." Full story »
Pennsylvania Catholic school fires gay N.J. teacher for applying for marriage license
By Alex Napoliello | NJ Advance Media for NJ.com
December 09, 2013, 9:12AM
Michael Griffin was told by the school he worked at that his actions contradict the terms of his teaching contract. Full story »
Law, religion experts discuss gay marriage at Har Sinai Temple in Pennington
By Bridget Clerkin | For The Times of Trenton
December 05, 2013, 10:17PM
Experts in law and religion discussed the "new era" of gay marriage in the country and what it means for New Jersey and neighboring Pennsylvania. Full story »
For same sex couples in Mercer County, their changing place in society was event most worth celebrating
By Nicole Mulvaney | For NJ.com
November 16, 2013, 6:30AM
Douglas Bauer and Lewis Rossi, who met at a bar in Manhattan's Greenwich Village, have been together 34 years. Full story »
Gay marriage set to become legal in Illinois
By The Associated Press
November 06, 2013, 8:43AM
Under the legislation, which Democratic Gov. Pat Quinn has vowed to sign, couples could start tying the knot in June. Full story »
Election 2013: Where Chris Christie and Barbara Buono stand on the issues
By Star-Ledger Staff
November 05, 2013, 7:00AM
From education to the environment to gay marriage, where Republican Gov. Chris Christie and Democratic state Sen. Barbara Buono stand on the issues in New Jersey's gubernatorial election Full story »
Anti-gay marriage group helps Democratic state senator
By Matt Friedman | NJ Advance Media for NJ.com
November 04, 2013, 2:10PM
Troy Stevenson, executive director of Garden State Equality – the state's largest gay rights organization" called the flyer "disgusting" and said he wants Van Drew to "disavow it." Full story »
Legislative leaders consider not writing gay marriage into N.J. law, for now at least
By Matt Friedman | NJ Advance Media for NJ.com
November 01, 2013, 6:30AM
At issue, lawmakers and gay rights advocates say, is that gay couples have more rights under the court ruling than they would under the bill that Democrats passed in 2012, which Gov. Chris Christie promptly vetoed Full story »
Justice Patterson, in rare break with Christie, says yes to gay marriage
By Salvador Rizzo | The Star-Ledger
October 31, 2013, 6:30AM
Justice Anne Patterson, who usually agrees with Gov. Chris Christie, stunned observers with her vote for gay marriage Full story »
Christie-Buono race, gay marriage, and more: Talkin' politics with Star-Ledger experts
By Star-Ledger Staff
October 28, 2013, 11:00AM
A live chat with the Star-Ledger Statehouse Bureau in another edition of Talkin' Politics Full story »
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Our men are dying at the hands of enemies abroad and friends at homeNick Cohen: The awkward question for those who want an immediate ceasefire in Lebanon is what will happen if the Iranians order Hizbollah to start fighting again.
Comment p11
The voices of the innocent must be heard above the din of warRowan Williams: The UN continues to deliberate about what kind of resolution might be possible to support and effect a ceasefire in Lebanon.
Tyrant who stands between peace and catastropheHenry Porter: Curbing the martial and political aims of President Ahmadinejad of Iran should be the paramount concern of Western leaders.
Comment p25
Patience, the surest weaponLeader: It was the best of timing, it was the worst of timing. Tony Blair was on a visit to the US just as Israel's war with Hizbollah ran out of control. Britain's position on the crisis was as one with America's and the Prime Minister was there to show it.
Comment p26
Why are we crucifying Mel Gibson?Mary Riddell: The actor's drink-fuelled outburst was odious but should not blind us to other, more dangerous, zealots.
What we still don't understand about HizbollahThis week, world terrorism expert Robert Pape will share with the FBI the findings of his remarkable study of 462 suicide bombings. He concludes that such acts have little to do with religious extremism and that the West must engage politically to halt the relentless slaughter.
Comment p27
Your lettersWhere is today's Keynes? | Stop belabouring Barts | The truth about adoption | Save our right to swim | The real perils of mobile phones | A message from our sponsors | If Shakespeare had been Muslim | Give a frog a bad name
Scandal of our neglected childrenThe big issue: special needs
Comment p28
Hull was hell, but not any longerTristram Hunt: When, in 2003, the Idler magazine compiled its list of 'crap towns', Hull was the runaway winner. But humility has now returned with Hull's leaders rediscovering their urban heritage.
From Posh to Paxo - bullies are everywhereCristina Odone: Bullies are not confined to the professional or academic worlds. Just look at your family and friends.
They're leaving on a jet plane, damn them
Stephen Bayley: Once, flying was an exotic experience; now, not only is it mundane, but the damage it does to the environment is insupportable.
Tommy, we can hear you ... loud and clearRuaridh Nicoll: On the day he is finally put to rest, someone is going to have to sing 'My Way' over Tommy Sheridan.