text:
An alert device is provided which initiates an alarm if a person wearing the device ceases normal movement. The device includes a movement sensor having at least one mercury switch which generates a signal when the mercury shifts in response to movement. The device also includes a microcomputer to receive the mercury switch input signals--the microcomputer being programmed to distinguish between inputs indicative of normal wearer movement and inputs which may represent a wearer in duress. Preferably, the motion sensor provides three mercury switches oriented to sense movement in three normal planes.
1. A device for warning when a person has ceased normal movement comprising:
a housing;
power supply means coupled to the housing;
means coupled to the housing and operably connected to the power supply means for selectably initiating a warning;
switch means operably connected to the power supply means; and
means connected to the power supply means and warning means for sensing and analyzing movement of a person wearing the device and for enabling operation of the warning means if normal movement ceases, including--
mercury switch means having at least two switches, each switch having structure defining an enclosure, at least a pair of electrical contacts disposed in the enclosure, and a pool of mercury shiftably disposed in the enclosure for electrically connecting and disconnecting the contacts upon motion of the person, the two switch enclosures being skewed relative to each other,
a microcomputer operably connected for receiving separate inputs from each of said two mercury switches, the microcomputer being programmed for determining normal movement from the switch inputs, normal movement being programmed as requiring at least two switches to connect and disconnect electrically within less than about a 30 second period.
2. The device according to claim 1, said movement sensing means being operable for enabling operation of the warning means unless the mercury switch means makes an electrical connect and disconnect within less than about a 30 second period.
3. The device according to claim 1, the warning means comprising a piezoelectric horn.
4. The device according to claim 1, the mercury switch means comprising three switches each having an axis of movement of mercury within an elongated enclosure, the three axes being disposed generally 90� to each other.
5. The device according to claim 1, said switch means being operable between three positions--a first position to disconnect the power supply means; a second position to immediately enable operation of the warning means to initiate a warning; and a third position to enable the movement sensing means to selectably control operation of the warning means.
6. The device according to claim 1, the power supply means and movement sensing means being disposed within the housing and the housing being generally hermetically sealed.
7. The device according to claim 1, each enclosure defining a general plane of movement for the mercury between two ends.
8. The device according to claim 7, each enclosure being cylindrical and having a pair of contacts at each end.
9. The device according to claim 7, the plane of movement of each switch being skewed relative to each other to monitor movement in two planes.
10. The device according to claim 9, the two planes of movement being oriented about 90� relative to each other.
11. In a safety device adapted for wearing by a person which initiates an alarm when the person ceases normal motion the improvement comprising:
a motion sensor having at least two mercury switches each comprising an enclosure, a pool of mercury shiftably received in the enclosure, and at least one pair of electrical contacts in the enclosure, the mercury being responsive to motion by shifting in the enclosure to electrically connect and disconnect the contacts, the motion sensor including a microcomputer coupled to each mercury switch for receiving a separate input from each mercury switch when the contacts of the respective switch are connected, the microcomputer being programmed for initiating the alarm if an input is not received from two switches within about a 30 second period.
12. The device according to claim 11, the microcomputer being programmed for initiating a first alarm if an input is not received from at least two mercury switches within about a 23 second period and for initiating a second alarm if an input is not received from at least one mercury switch within about a 7 second period following the 23 second period.
13. The device according to claim 11, each mercury switch having an elongated enclosure with a pair of electrical contacts at each end.
14. The improvement according to claim 11, the mercury switches each having a plane of movement of the mercury within the enclosures, the planes being skewed relative to each other.
15. The device according to claim 14, including a third mercury switch having a plane of movement, the three planes being oriented generally 90� to each other for sensing motion in three normal planes.
16. In a safety device adapted for wearing by a person which initiates an alarm when the person ceases normal motion, the improvement for determining when normal motion ceases, comprising:
a pair of switches, each switch being operable to generate a signal in response to motion in a plane of movement, the two planes of movement being skewed to each other;
a microcomputer coupled to each switch for receiving separate signals from each switch, the microcomputer being programmed for initiating an alarm if signals are not received from each switch within a certain time period.
17. The apparatus according to claim 16, including a third switch responsive in a plane of movement, the three planes of movement being oriented about 90� to each other.
18. The apparatus according to claim 16, each switch comprising a mercury switch having structure defining an enclosure, at least a pair of electrical contacts disposed in the enclosure, and a pool of mercury shiftably disposed in the enclosure for electrically connecting and disconnecting upon motion of the person.
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a motion sensor worn by a person having at least one mercury switch for detecting motion of the person to initiate an alarm when normal motion ceases.
2. Description of Related Art
Personal alert devices (often called "PASS" units in the industry) are known which are worn by persons working in hazardous environments. In a hazardous environment, a worker might be overcome by elements in their environment such as smoke, fumes, heat, electrical shock, or falling debris. It is desirable to sense when a person has been disabled or is in duress and to generate a warning signal so that the person can be located and rescued. Typical users of such personal warning devices include firemen, petrochemical workers, miners, electricians, sewage engineers, nuclear power plant workers, and military personnel.
While such personal warning devices are known, all such current devices are deficient in a number of respects. The most typical problems of known personal warning devices are that they either initiate a false alarm when the wearer is continuing normal activity, or they fail to initiate an alarm when the wearer becomes disabled. Further, all of these personal warning devices are unable to distinguish between many types of normal working activity and duress situations.
Most known personal alarm systems use one of two types of motion sensors. The first type of motion sensor uses a cantilevered lever which is fixed at one end and has a contact at the movable end. The lever may be either a rigid clapper or a spring. A mating contact surrounds the movable end of the cantilever lever. Thus, normal motion is supposed to periodically establish contact between the movable end and surrounding mating contact. This design must have a sufficiently rigid lever that when oriented in various axes the lever does not establish electrical contact due to gravity and inadvertently become inoperative (i.e. giving a false indication of normal activity). Unfortunately, such a rigid lever prevents detection of slow changes in motion (possibly normal activity). The spring-type of cantilevered lever often fatigues with time and use, thus changing its operating characteristics. The spring-type of lever also does not provide uniform repeatable contact closure resistance and severe shock to motion sensor can cause the spring or its mating contact to be physically damaged.
The second common type of motion sensor incorporates a movable ball which rolls in an enclosure such as a cylinder or sphere. Wearer motion is detected when the ball shorts electrical contacts in the enclosure as it rolls about. A variation of this type of motion sensor fixes a piezoelectric material to the enclosure such that electrical voltages are produced when the ball moves. Such ball sensors are very sensitive to small movements and do not provide an easy mechanism for discriminating between normal motion and a possible duress situation.
As can be appreciated, known personal warning systems all incorporate motion sensors which are not always reliable and dependable. Further, such personal warning systems are largely ineffective in distinguishing between many types of normal activities and duress situations.
The personal warning system of the present invention largely solves the problems associated with known personal alarms by providing a movement sensor which is not only reliable and accurate, but also is capable of distinguishing between most types of normal movement and duress situations. Broadly speaking, the device includes a housing, a power supply, a warning mechanism, and a switch for activating the power supply. The movement sensing mechanism includes a mercury switch means having an enclosure, a pair of contacts disposed in the enclosure, and a pool of mercury shiftably disposed in the enclosure for electrically connecting and disconnecting the contacts upon motion of the person. Preferably, the switch mechanism includes three mercury switches generally aligned in three normal planes for detecting motion in three axes. Thus, the switches can determine when motion has ceased in one plane, i.e. when the mercury pool in the mercury switch quits moving to connect and disconnecting from the contacts.
In a preferred embodiment, the movement sensing mechanism includes a microcomputer connected for receiving inputs from the mercury switches. The microcomputer can be programmed for distinguishing between normal movement and a duress situation, based upon inputs from the mercury switches. For example, normal movement can be defined and programmed as requiring both ends of one of the three switches to connect and disconnect electrically at least once within a thirty second period. If such connection/disconnection sequence is not made within the programmed interval by all three switches, the warning mechanism will be activated.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a personal warning device in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a portion of the circuit board incorporated in the personal warning device hereof, illustrating the three mercury switches;
FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram showing the interface between the mercury switches, microcomputer, and warning system of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of the main run program of the microcomputer;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of the timer interrupt service routine;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of the Sound Alarm routine; and
FIG. 7 is a flow chart depicting the motion detection subroutine.
Turning now to the drawings, a personal alert device 10 in accordance with the present invention is illustrated. As shown in FIG. 1, the device includes a housing 12 with a clip 14 for attaching the device to a person. Mounting switch 16 is mounted to the housing 12 and preferably is a two motion switch which requires a push and turn movement to position the switch out of the off position. The switch is three positioned for operating in the off, on, and automatic modes. On the front of the housing 12, is a piezoelectric horn system 18 comprising a piezo sounder within an acoustic enclosure.
Turning now to FIG. 3, an electrical schematic of the sensing mechanism is illustrated and broadly includes a switch circuit 20, microcomputer 22 and horn system 24. In more detail (left hand side of FIG. 3), the switch circuit 20 includes three mercury switches 31-33. FlG. 2 illustrates the mounting of the mercury switches 31-33 in more detail on circuit board 36. Each mercury switch 31-33 is a double switch-type packaged in a cylindrical or crescent-shaped tubular enclosure 38 (FIG. 2). Each enclosure 38 is elongated and includes a pool of mercury 40 shiftably disposed therein. As can be seen from comparing FIGS. 2 and 3, one end of each mercury switch 31-33 includes a pair of contacts 41, 44 (e.g. hot contact and ground contact), while the other end also includes a pair of contacts 46, 48 (hot and ground). FIGS. 2 and 3 show the ground contacts 44 operably interconnected to the ground.
As can be appreciated from FIG. 2, each mercury switch 31-33 is oriented so that its pool of mercury 40 moves along a certain axis defined by the geometry of the enclosure 38. It will be appreciated that if the enclosure 38 is circular or crescent-shaped, the pool of mercury 40 would be moving generally along a plane of movement. The plane of movements are generally perpendicular to each other as can be seen from FIG. 2. Thus, the mercury pools 40 are responsive to movement of the circuit board 36 in approximately three normal planes.
Returning to FIG. 3, the microcomputer section 22 is largely self-explanatory from the circuit diagram, and of course the principal component is the microprocessor 50 (e.g. Motorola MC 1468705F2CS). Ports 51-56 (PAO-PA5) are operably interconnected to the hot contacts 42 and 46 as shown in FIG. 3. For example, port 51 is connected to contact 42 in mercury switch 32, while port 52 is connected to the opposite end hot contact 46 in mercury switch 32. A power supply 58 is illustrated schematically to power the lead lines to ports 51-56 across resistors 60 (e.g. 47 ohms). In the preferred embodiment, the power supply 58 is a conventional nine volt battery, stepped down (not shown) to supply a regulated five volt power source.
LED 62 is connected to the microprocessor 50 (port PB1) and is controlled to indicate battery state. Hysterisis sensor 64 is powered at 66 at nine volts, while lead 68 interconnects the switch 16 with the microprocessor 50 (port PC1) for enabling the automatic mode. An external clock circuit 69 provides timing to the microprocessor 50, as shown.
The horn system 24 includes the piezo sounder 70 powered at plus nine volts from the battery as at 72. The driver circuit denoted by the block 74 is operably connected to the microprocessor 50 at port 76 (PB0) and drives the piezo sounder 70 through op amp 78.
FIGS. 4-7 illustrate flow charts for the programming of the microprocessor 50. In general overview, the object of the programs is to initiate an alarm if "valid motion" is not detected within the switch circuit 20. In the preferred embodiment, if such "valid" motion is not detected within a 23 second period, a prealarm chirp sounds, and if after an additional 7 seconds "valid" motion has not occurred, the full alarm sounds. Thus, the alert device 10 is programmed to sound a full alarm if "valid" motion is not detected within a 30 second period.
FIG. 4 illustrates the flow chart for the main program. As shown, on power up ports are reset and an internal processor self test initiated. The system initialization includes defining the I/0 ports and setting the timer value at 225 decimal ticks. For the microprocessor 50, setting the timer value at 225 gives 16 interrupts per second. The system initialization also includes enabling the interrupt function--thus, every 1/16 second a jump occurs to the Timer Interrupt Service routine of FIG. 5.
As shown in FIG. 4, after initialization, the main continuous loop sets timing counters and samples the motion sensors to determine if "valid" motion has occurred. Thus, the Downtime counter is set at 23, 23 seconds being the period chosen for initiating the pre-alarm chirp if valid motion has not occurred. The Timeout flag and Valid Motion flags are also reset, the Timeout flag indicating whether the system has entered the 7 second prealert state. The main program then reads the motion sensor by sampling the three mercury switches 31-33 and determines whether "valid" motion has occurred. The switch read and valid motion determination is illustrated in more detail in FIG. 7.
Broadly speaking, FIG. 7 illustrates that valid motion is defined as requiring one of the three mercury switches 31-33 to make and break its contact at each end at least once within the period (the initial period being defined as 23 seconds). Thus, turning to the left hand portion of FIG. 7, the first mercury switch 31 is sampled and the presence of a signal at one of the ports 53, 54 determines which end of the switch 31 is connected by the presence of a mercury pool 40. The status of which end of the switch 31 is closed is stored. On subsequent loops the "valid motion" decisional block tests the opposite end contacts for connection. For example, if in mercury switch 31 the first sample determines connection between contacts 42, 44 (FIG. 2) this status is stored. On subsequent loops contacts 46, 48 of switch 31 are sampled (via port 54) for connection (i.e. the mercury pool 40 shifted).
As illustrated in FIG. 7, if the opposite side contact closes, the valid motion flag is set and the status of the second switch, mercury switch 32, is read. If the opposite side contact is not closed, the valid motion flag is not set and the loop continues to read the second switch. As can be seen from FIG. 7, switches 2 and 3 (mercury switches 32-33) are progressively read in the same fashion.
It can be appreciated that "valid motion" for each switch 31-33 is thus defined as the transit of the pool of mercury 40 from one side of the mercury switch to the other side within the period. If "valid motion" is detected for a mercury switch, the valid motion flag is set.
Turning to the decision loop at the bottom of FIG. 7, it can be seen that the valid motion flag is read and action taken accordingly. In the preferred embodiment, at least one mercury switch must indicate valid motion (i.e. valid motion flag set) to enter the "yes" loop. If the valid motion flag is set, then the Downtime and Timeout flags are reset, and the valid motion flag is reset. If the valid motion flag is not set, then the "no" loop is entered and the three switches 31-33 are continuously sampled for valid motion during the period.
Turning now to FIG. 5, the Timer Interrupt Service routine is illustrated. The Timer Interrupt Service routine is entered every 1/16 of a second from the main program of FIG. 4 to continuously read the Downtime and Timeout flags. The timer is first reloaded and time count decremented so that 16 ticks equals one second. The setting of switch 16 then determines whether the "on" or "auto" loops are entered. In the "on" position, the Timeout and Downtime flags are cleared and Downtime counter reset. The "on" flap is set such that at the jump to the Sound Alarm routine the piezoelectric horn 70 will enunciate.
In the "auto" position, the "on" flag is first cleared and a decision is made as to whether the Time Count is equal to zero. If the Time Count is equal to zero, then one second has passed and Downtime is decremented (starting from 23). If the Time Count does not equal zero, then the jump is made to the Sound Alarm routine.
As can be seen from FIG. 5, Downtime is decremented and the jump made to the Sound Alarm routine until Downtime equals zero. If Downtime equals zero, then the Timeout flag is sampled and the decision loops as shown in FIG. 5 prior to the jump to the Sound Alarm routine. Thus Timeout flag simply indicates whether the initial 23 second period is in effect.
Turning to the Sound Alarm routine of FIG. 6, a comparison of FIGS. 5 and 6 is useful. With the switch 16 in the "on" position, the "on" flag is set (FIG. 5), and when the Sound Alarm routine is entered, the piezo horn 70 is turned on as indicated in FIG. 6. If the switch 16 is in the "auto" position of FIG. 5, it is similarly seen that when Downtime equals zero and the Timeout flag is set, the Down flag is set. After the jump to the Sound Alarm, the piezo horn 70 is turned on. In the event Downtime is equal to zero, but the Timeout flag is not set (FIG. 5), this indicates that the device 10 is in the prealert stage and therefore the Downtime value is set at 7 before the jump is made to Sound Alarm. Note from FIG. 6 that with the Timeout flag set, the piezo horn 70 is sounded, although it is operated during the 7 second pre-alert at a "chirp" and not full alarm.
The alert device 10 of FIG. 1 has two operating modes depending on the position of switch 16--"on" and "auto." In the "on" condition the microprocessor 50 is enabled such that the piezo horn 70 is almost immediately actuated.
In the "auto" mode of operation, the mercury switches 31-33 are continuously sampled and the microprocessor 50 run to determine if valid motion is present. As can be seen from FIGS. 2-3, active movement of a worker will cause the pools of mercury 40 to establish electrical connects and disconnects between the contacts at each end of the enclosures 38. That is, each pool of mercury 40 shorts the electrical contacts 42-44 at one end, and movement or a change of direction by more than 90˜ causes a short of electrical contacts 46, 48 at the other end of the particular mercury switch. Because the three mercury switches are mounted approximately 90� relative to each other (X-Y, X-Z, and Y-Z planes), motion is sensed in three planes when an electrical connect and disconnect is made in each plane.
Broadly speaking, the alert device 10 when worn by a person generates an alarm when "normal" or "valid" motion of the wearer ceases. The microcomputer section 22 monitors the output of the switch circuit and when the microcomputer section 22 determines that "valid" or normal motion is not present, then the piezo sounder 70 is activated.
In the preferred embodiment "valid" motion is defined as requiring any of the mercury switches 31-33 making and breaking contact at each end at least once within the chosen time period (initial period of 23 seconds). In an alternative embodiment, the microprocessor may be programmed so that "valid" motion requires more than one of the mercury switches 31-33 to make and break contact at each end. Such reprogramming might be desirable depending on the intended field use of the alert device 10.
Another viable alternative embodiment uses only one mercury switch, instead of three. However, such an alert device 10 would only be able to sense valid motion in one plane. The use of three planes of motion sensing enables the alert device 10 to distinguish between normal worker activity and secondary movements for any position of orientation of the alert device. For example, if the worker is overcome by smoke or fumes and is laying on the floor, the worker might continue heavy breathing. Such heavy breathing could induce motion detection in one plane and possibly two planes (successive connects and electric disconnects of one or two of the mercury switches 31-33). However, the mercury switches might not indicate valid motion. As can be appreciated from FIG. 7, contact closures at only one end of one or two mercury switches, such as might be expected from the motion induced by heavy breathing, is not programmed as valid motion and the piezo sounder 70 will be activated. While the piezo sounder 70 is the preferred warning mechanism, an electrical mechanical warning device might be used, or a telemetry mechanism for remote alarm might be incorporated.
The motion sensing mechanism of the present invention incorporating one or more mercury switches is advantageous in many respects. First, the mercury switches not only provide a very low electrical resistance contact, but also are able to detect changes in velocity in a given plane of motion. Further, by using three mercury switches, the device 10 is able to detect motion in three perpendicular planes. Use of a microcomputer in conjunction with three mercury switches enables the alert device 10 of the present invention to distinguish between normal activity of the wearer and abnormal movement which might be indicative of a duress situation. Advantageously, the mercury switches are not only sufficiently sensitive to prevent false alarms, but also are also shock resistant, relatively temperature independent, reliable, small and inexpensive. Therefore, the motion sensor having a mercury switch in accordance with the present invention represents a significant advance over known personal alert devices.
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subset: commoncrawl


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Articles tagged dark unknown
31 Mar 2010 // 10:00 PM
Top Berlin spinner crafts a mix with seamless transitions, rising tension, and an exceptional finale.READ more
//Mixed media
Colette Carr "Static" (video) (Premiere) // Music
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"PopMatters is on a short summer publishing break. We resume Monday, July 6th.READ the article


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white oblong pill with imprint west - ward with either 232 or 292 below it it is scored on one side sorry for not posting right I'm new at this
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What is this pill - with 'WEST-WARD 232' imprint?
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What is this pill - with 'west ward' imprint?
cant find this pill anywhere. west ward 986 purple an gray. Are all west ward pills antidepressents
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While doing my daughters laundry, I found 2 white oblong pills with WEST-WARD & 292 (looks like)?
I need to find out what type of pills they are and what they're used for.
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What is the pill West-Ward on one side and a scored line on the other side?
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ANNAPOLIS, Md., July 23 /PRNewswire-FirstCall/ -- PharmAthene, Inc. (NYSE Amex: PIP), a biodefense company developing medical countermeasures against biological and chemical threats, announced today that it has completed the sale of $3.9 million of its common stock and warrants to a single existing institutional investor in a registered public offering. The offering was previously announced on July 20, 2010.
Under the terms of the purchase agreement, PharmAthene sold an aggregate of 2,785,714 newly issued shares of its common stock at $1.40 per share and warrants to purchase an aggregate of 1,323,214 shares of its common stock at an exercise price of $1.63 per share, the closing price of PharmAthene's common stock on July 19, 2010. The warrants will be exercisable beginning on January 23, 2011 and will expire on January 23, 2017.
The Company intends to use the net proceeds of the offering for general corporate purposes.
Roth Capital Partners, LLC served as sole placement agent for the offering. Noble Financial Capital Markets served as the Company's financial advisor in connection with the offering.
The securities described above are being offered by PharmAthene pursuant to a registration statement previously filed and declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission. This press release shall not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy, nor shall there be any sale of these s
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Steak Tartar
31 Aug 2009
Thesteak tartare can be prepared with cooked and minced beef fillet or rump steak. Served along with a spicy blend of onions and capers with worcestershire sauce, the steak tartare is flavored with herbs and best served with green salad.
|Lean minced fillet/Rump steak
|1 Pound (Best Fillet)
|To Taste
|Freshly ground black pepper
|To Taste
|Olive oil
|1 Teaspoon
|1 Small, finely chopped
|1 Tablespoon
|Worcestershire sauce
|1 Teaspoon
|Finely chopped parsley
|1 Tablespoon
|1 Small
Season the steak with plenty of salt and freshly ground pepper.
Add the oil, onion, capers and Worcestershire sauce and mix everything very thoroughly.
Separate the egg and mix the white into the meat.
Arrange the steak mixture in a mould on a large plate and sprinkle with the freshly chopped parsley.
Make a small well in the centre and place the egg yolk in it.
Mix the yolk into the steak at the dining table, and serve the tartare with a raw spinach salad.
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Steak Tartar Recipe


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NREL's Public Relations Office works with media outlets on news stories about the laboratory and renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies. You may subscribe to receive new NREL releases by email or via RSS feed.
2015 News Releases
June 15, 2015
NREL Partnerships to Help the Grid Accommodate More Renewable Energy
The Energy Department's National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) announces five new partnerships that will award up to $6.5 million in federal funds to technical teams throughout the country. The cost-shared projects with industry, universities, and other stakeholders will address the challenge of enabling the nation's electric grid to handle increasing amounts of renewable energy.
June 8, 2015
NREL, Clemson University Collaborate on Wind Energy Testing Facilities
Two of our nation's most advanced wind energy research and test facilities have joined forces to help the wind energy industry improve the performance of wind turbine drivetrains and better understand how the turbines can integrate more effectively with the electrical grid.
June 4, 2015
NREL's Economic Impact Tops $872 Million
The economic impact of the Energy Department's National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) was $872.3 million nationwide in fiscal year 2014, according to a study by the University of Colorado Boulder's Leeds School of Business.
May 16, 2015
Winners for NREL's 25th Solar and Lithium Ion Car Races
Sixty-three teams from 17 Colorado middle schools gathered at Dakota Ridge High School in Littleton today for the 25th Annual Junior Solar Sprint and Lithium Ion Battery car competitions. The day's event drew nearly 200 students eager to show and race the solar- and lithium ion-battery powered vehicles they designed and built. The trophy for fastest solar powered model car was given to students from Stargate School (Thornton), "SG Solar 2." The trophy for fastest lithium-ion powered model car was given to students from Bell Middle School (Golden), "BMS 2 Battery."
May 14, 2015
NREL Supports China PV Investment and Financing Alliance to Open Capital for Solar Deployment
The Energy Department's National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and the China PV Investment and Finance Alliance (CPVFA) have formed a collaboration with the goal of opening wide-scale and diverse sources of investment for solar photovoltaic (PV) asset development in China.
May 7, 2015
NREL Staff Recognized for Top Innovations as Lab Celebrates Record Patent Year
Today during its annual Innovation and Technology Transfer Awards ceremony, the Energy Department's National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) recognized the professionals behind the lab's greatest innovations from the past year. NREL also celebrated the 43 U.S. patents issued in fiscal year 2014 (FY14), which is the largest number in lab history—nearly three times more than the previous year.
May 4, 2015
INL and NREL Demonstrate Power Grid Simulation at a Distance
The Energy Department's National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and Idaho National Laboratory (INL) have successfully demonstrated the capability to connect grid simulations at their two labs for real time interaction via the Internet. This new inter-lab capability enables the modeling of power grids in greater detail by allowing software and equipment anywhere in the world to establish a real-time connection to the unique facilities and capabilities available within the DOE national laboratory complex.
April 29, 2015
NREL Announces Participants for Executive Energy Leadership Program
The Energy Department's National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has selected 21 leaders to participate in its 2015 Executive Energy Leadership program (Energy Execs), which empowers executives to integrate clean energy solutions in their communities.
April 27, 2015
NREL Report Estimates Market Potential of Shared Solar and Discusses Relevant Securities Regulations
Analysis from the Energy Department's National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) finds that by making shared solar programs available to households and businesses that currently cannot host on-site photovoltaic (PV) systems shared solar could represent 32 to 49 percent of the distributed photovoltaic market in 2020.
April 14, 2015
NREL Releases Report Describing Guidelines for PV Manufacturer Quality Assurance
The Energy Department's National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has released an updated proposal that will establish an international quality standard for photovoltaic (PV) module manufacturing. The document is intended for immediate use by PV manufacturers when producing modules on an industrial scale so they can increase investor, utility, and consumer confidence in PV system performance.
April 6, 2015
NREL Fills Key Leadership Role for Energy Systems Security and Resilience
Dr. Erfan Ibrahim has joined the Energy Department's National Renewable Energy Laboratory as director of Cyber Physical Systems Security and Resilience for NREL's Energy Systems Integration directorate. This critical area of research and development addresses the challenges of integrating clean energy sources into the national energy infrastructure.
March 31, 2015
Industry-backed Best Practices Guides Aim to Lower Financing Costs for Solar Energy Systems
The Solar Access to Public Capital (SAPC) working group has released new best practices guidelines for solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, with the goal of increasing investor confidence in the long-term viability of PV systems. The guides — SAPC Best Practices in PV System Installation and SAPC Best Practices in PV Operations and Maintenance — were developed by SAPC subcommittees, each involving dozens of solar and finance entities.
March 19, 2015
NREL Director Announces His Retirement
Dr. Dan E. Arvizu today announced that he intends to retire at the end of September from his role as the Director and Chief Executive of the Energy Department's (DOE) National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) in Golden, Colorado.
March 9, 2015
NREL Tool Finds Effective Behind-the-Meter Energy Storage Configurations
The Energy Department's (DOE) National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has used the Battery Lifetime Analysis and Simulation Tool (BLAST) to confirm that energy storage for demand-charge management can deliver attractive economic benefits. The analysis paired recent utility rate structures with historic data on solar photovoltaic electricity generation and commercial facility loads to evaluate 6,860 unique scenarios. The results revealed that, in the absence of incentives, small battery systems reducing peak demand by 2.5 percent offer the most attractive return on investment.
February 26, 2015
NREL Refines Method to Convert Lignin to Nylon Precursor
A new study from the Energy Department's National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) demonstrates the conversion of lignin-derived compounds to adipic acid, an important industrial dicarboxylic acid produced for its use as a precursor to nylon, plasticizers, lubricants, polyesters, and other popular products and chemicals.
February 12, 2015
Testing at NREL Aids Solar Power in Hawaii
Inverter load rejection overvoltage (LRO) tests completed by the Energy Department's National Renewable Energy Laboratory as part of a cooperative research agreement with SolarCity have proven so successful that a testing partner, Hawaiian Electric Companies (HECO), has proposed to double its hosting capacity for solar energy.
February 11, 2015
NREL Takes First In-Depth Look at Solar Project Completion Timelines
The Energy Department's National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has gathered and analyzed data for more than 30,000 solar photovoltaic (PV) installations across the United States to better understand how interconnection regulations align with actual project completion timelines. The findings indicate that interconnection process delays are common, and can range from several days to months. Streamlining the application review and final authorization processes can ultimately benefit utilities and solar consumers by reducing the time and cost associated with going solar.
February 4, 2015
New Incubator Network to Help Clean-Energy Entrepreneurs
The Energy Department's National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) have launched the Clean Energy Incubator Network. The program, funded by the Energy Department, aims to improve the performance of clean energy business incubators, connect critical industry and energy sector partners, and advance clean energy technologies emerging from universities and federal laboratories.
January 21, 2015
NREL Reports Examine Economic Trade-offs of Owning versus Leasing a Solar Photovoltaic System
Two new reports from the Energy Department's National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) examine the economic options customers face when deciding how to finance commercial or residential solar energy systems. NREL analysts found that businesses that use low-cost financing to purchase a photovoltaic (PV) system and homeowners who use solar-specific loans can save up to 30 percent compared with consumers who lease a PV system through a conventional third-party owner.
January 20, 2015
NREL Releases the 2013 Renewable Energy Data Book, Detailing Increases in Installed Capacity
The newly released 2013 Renewable Energy Data Book illustrates United States and global energy statistics, including renewable electricity generation, renewable energy development, clean energy investments, and technology-specific data and trends. The Data Book is produced and published annually by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) on behalf of the Energy Department's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy.
January 19, 2015
NREL Scientist Brian Gregg Named AAAS Fellow
Brian Gregg, a scientist at the Energy Department's National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), has been named a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). AAAS cited Gregg for "distinguished contributions to the field of solar photoconversion, particularly for developing a unified understanding of the photoconversion mechanism in the various cell types."
2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | 1999 | 1998 | 1997 | 1996 | 1995


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Ibragim Todashev father says his son was killed 'execution style'Comment
The father of a Chechen immigrant killed while being interrogated by the FBI about his ties to a Boston Marathon bombings suspect says agents killed his son "execution style."
'French kiss,' now officially given word in French dictionaryComment
After centuries of lacking a French word for the sloppy Gallic export "to French kiss," a verb has finally been given its rightful place in the French dictionary.
American Sgt. Robert Bales was 'crazed' when he attacked Afghanistan villageComment
Staff Sgt. Robert Bales was "crazed" and "broken" when he slipped away from his remote southern Afghanistan outpost and attacked mud-walled compounds in two slumbering villages nearby.
U.S. drone strikes in Pakistan kills Pakistani Taliban leaderComment
A suspected U.S. drone strike Wednesday killed the No. 2 commander of the Pakistani Taliban, Pakistani intelligence officials said, although the militant group denied he was killed.
Pope Francis braves the rain to greet audienceComment
The rain hasn't stopped Pope Francis--he braved the rain to greet crowds at his weekly general audience in St. Peter's Square.
Chinese authorities rescue newborn boy from sewer pipeComment
Chinese firefighters have rescued a newborn boy from a sewer pipe below a squat toilet, sawing out an L-shaped section and then delicately dismantling it to free the cocooned baby, who greeted the rescuers with cries.
EU ends Syria arms embargoComment
The European Union has ended its arms embargo to Syria's outgunned rebels just as top U.S. and Russian diplomats try to persuade Syria's opposition and President Bashar Assad's regime to attend peace talks in Geneva.
Malaysia ferry capsizes, 21 people missingComment
An overloaded ferry capsized after hitting rocks in a remote river in Malaysia's part of tropical Borneo island on Tuesday.
Crisis in Syria: U.S., allies ask UN to take action on SyriaComment
The Unites States, Qatar and Turkey have asked the U.N.'s top human rights body to hold an urgent debate on the ways to end the civil war in Syria, and to hold accountable those responsible for killing thousands of civilians.
British soldier killer was arrested in 2010 in Kenya, has militant linksComment
A suspect in last week's savage killing of a British soldier on a London street was arrested in Kenya in 2010 while apparently preparing to train and fight with al-Qaida-linked Somali militants, an anti-terrorism police official said.
Oscar Pistorius fined for unpaid taxesComment
Oscar Pistorius was audited and fined for unpaid taxes after having to declare his assets during his bail hearing. He is charged with premeditated murder for the Valentine's Day shooting death of girlfriend Reeva Steenkamp.
Kevin Dahlgren, accused of killing family in Czech Republic arrested in D.C. airportComment
Police say an American man suspected of killing a family of four in the Czech Republic has been arrested in the D.C. area.
President Obama national security speech welcomed abroadComment
President Barack Obama's speech on the use of drones and the fate of Guantanamo prisoners was largely welcomed Friday in two key countries affected by the policies- Pakistan and Yemen.
British fighter jet diverts plane coming from Pakistan to EnglandComment
A British fighter jet was launched to divert a civilian plane carrying nearly 300 passengers from Pakistan to England after an incident on board, British officials said Friday.
Heathrow Airport runways temporarily shut down after emergency landingComment
A British Airways jet made an emergency landing at London's Heathrow Airport after developing a technical fault after takeoff. TV footage showed smoke streaming from one of the engines.
Benghazi attacks: Five men under surveillance in Libya, believed to be terroristsComment
Five men are under round-the-clock U.S. surveillance in Libya, wanted for questioning in the attack last year on the diplomatic mission in Benghazi, Libya.
Iraq bombings: Car bombs kill at least 40 in Baghdad, BasraComment
A wave of car bombings across Baghdad's Shiite neighborhoods and in the southern city of Basra killed at least 40 people on Monday, striking at market places and crowded bus stops during the busy morning hours, officials said.
Crisis in Syria: Sec. of State Kerry heads to Syria to press peaceComment
Secretary of State John Kerry is heading back to the Middle East this week to press his case for peace talks between Syrian rebels and President Bashar Assad's regime amid increasing signs the new U.S. strategy to halt the war is being undermined by Russia.
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The desire to capture the intersections and overlaps of love and consumer capitalism isn't new—after all, Fitzgerald packed The Great Gatsby's doomed romance with God-like billboards, lethal cars, and semi-famous lady golfers nearly a century ago. But in the last fifty-odd years, love, consumer goods, and entertainment have become even more inseparable, making love heavily mediated and harder than ever to locate, let alone describe. But good literature can still shed light on the naked heart beating beneath pop culture's skin. The following writers have done just that, deconstructing and illuminating the intersections between information overload and twenty-first century romance.
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Welcome to Stella & Rose's Books
The premier source for rare and out of print books, especially childrens and illustrated books. Both shops are open seven days a week - we look forward to seeing you, or you can buy online!
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Snorri the Seal by Frithjof Saelen
When I was very young, even before I could read, I was enthralled by the story of a vain little seal called Snorri. In the late 50s my big sister Elspeth had been been given the book, "Snorri the Seal" as a prize at her primary school when she was seven years old and I suppose that as she grew out of it, so I grew into it, and became as fascinated by the pictures contained within as Snorri was by...
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Visionaire No. 17 – Gold
"The alternative small run publication has often dazzled, always relentlessly focused on changing the way we look at the printed page. Looking haughtily over its shoulder to fleur's flair, Visionaire rolls up its sleeves, cups its hands to its mouth, flexes it muscles and whispers, "The eyes have it." - David Bowie This particular issue of the highly collectible, multi-format, luxury art and fashion publication based in New York City, with its heavily embellished, gilded and incredibly ornate cover, was inevitably going...


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Prehistoric Pottery at Hovenweep National Monument
By Tom Yoder
The archaeological remains at Hovenweep National Monument near the Colorado/Utah Border offer many mysteries that archaeologists are working on to find out more about these enigmatic prehistoric tower sites. KSJD's Tom Yoder talks with archaeologist Jonathan Till about the latest research completed on pottery from Hovenweep, and what it tells us about its 13th century inhabitants.
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Delve into the world of motion graphics, keying, and compositing in After Effects CC. In this course, Ian Robinson lays out six foundations for becoming proficient with After Effects, including concepts such as layers, keyframe animation, and working with 3D. To help you get up and running with the program, the course begins with a project-based chapter on creating an animated graphic bumper. Next, explore the role layers play in compositions and find out how to add style to your projects using effects and graphic elements. Last, see how to build 3D objects with CINEMA 4D Lite, as well as stabilize footage, solve for 3D cameras, and paint in graphics with the Reverse Stabilization feature.
Whenever you're finished with a project, you should probably archive. Archiving in After Effects is a relatively straightforward process. The advantage of using the archiving tools is the fact that you can generate a searchable document that'll help you more easily find your files after you finish working with a project. So archive this project, let's go up under the File menu and go to Dependencies. Let's choose Collect Files. In the Collect Files dialog box, the very first pull down says all.
Let's go ahead and click on that. You have a couple different options. You can collect all the files that you imported in your After Effects project. Or, if you imported more than you think you need, you can just choose For All Comps. Then, you'll only deal with the footage that you actually used in any of your compositions. If you had a composition selected in the Project panel, you could choose For Selected Comps. Or if you have something in the render queue, you could say for the queued cobs. Now this option at the bottom will archive only the project. It won't copy any of the source files.
That can be helpful if you know that your footage of lives on a different drive and all you're trying to do is just get a copy of the project. I'll leave ours set for All Comps. You can also generate a report only. But to better understand reports, we'll explain that after we complete the archiving process. The next thing we should check out is down here towards the bottom left corner. The Collect Files function will tell you exactly how many files will be collected, and how much space they're going to take up on your hard drive. It even keeps track of how many effects were used. This is extraordinarily helpful when you're not sure if you have all the same effects on different systems.
For example, if you had third party plug ins associated with this project, you would figure that out here. Now let's go down, and click the Comments button. This is where you want to write as much information as possible about your project. This way, it'll automatically get added into a report once we collect all the files. This gives you a simple text document, or a text file, that your system can easily search. I recommend definitely adding comments any time you use the collect files function. Let's click OK. Now we can click Collect.
When we go to Collect, it's going to ask us where we'd like to collect this footage. Now, just for the sake of this example, I'm going to collect it right onto the Desktop. Notice it'll name it the same name as your project, and just add the word Folder. That's fine by me, so I'll just go ahead and click Save. Now once the project's saved, your computer should open up to the folder that was created. Now, let's look at this text file that was generated. I'll double-click on the text file. Ad in here, notice it's a simple text report.
It gives me the name of the project, when it was created, where the files were located. Exactly which compositions were collected, the number of files, how much space. It's a full rundown. This is an excellent resource. The biggest thing that I love is the fact that it lists every single effect that was used in the project. Again, this is really helpful when you're using third party filters. Now, I'll go ahead and close this project, and we'll just jump back into the finder one last time. Notice the folder that collected the file has the After Effects project and it has a footage folder.
Where everything is organized the way I had it set up in my original source project. So in here, we'll have a nice self-contained project that's easy enough to archive. Go ahead and just make sure you choose the first major overarching folder, and that's the project that you'll archive.
Find answers to the most frequently asked questions about After Effects CC Essential Training .
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YIELD: Makes 12 muffins
Preheat the oven to 375°F. and butter well twelve 1/2-cup muffin tins. In a bowl whisk together the cornmeal, the flour, the sugar, the baking powder, the baking soda, and the salt. In another bowl whisk together the eggs, the yogurt, and the butter, add the flour mixture, and stir the batter until it is just combined. Fold in the raspberries gently, divide the batter among the muffin tins, and bake the muffins in the middle of the oven for 20 minutes, or until a tester comes out clean. Let the muffins cool in the tins on a rack for 3 minutes, turn them out onto the rack, and let them cool completely. The muffins may be made 1 day in advance and kept in an airtight container.


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1/2 Day Barcelona Foodie Tour Guide? Pepito Tours?
Anyone use the Pepito Tour for any short private walking tours of Barcelona (found in RS Book)? I wanted a quick but full-immersed food Tapas tour crawl in Barcelona with a "local" before my RS tour starts and thought I might try this guy. Anyone have any similar suggestions?


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Ross McCormack has ruled himself out of Scotland's crunch 2010 FIFA World Cup South Africa™ double-header against Macedonia and the Netherlands at Hampden next month.
The Cardiff striker sustained a grade two tear to his hamstring in Saturday's draw with Blackpool. The injury will keep him out for anything between three and eight weeks which makes the 5 September game against Macedonia almost impossible and the Dutch match four days later unlikely.
"I think it pretty much rules me out of the next Scotland games now," McCormack told the Scottish Sun today on his 22nd birthday.
It'll be difficult watching the lads playing in the games but hopefully they can get the results we need.
"It'll be difficult watching the lads playing in the games but hopefully they can get the results we need.
"I knew I'd done my hamstring as soon as I overstretched. I'm so disappointed about it but I'm going to take my time with things. I had this injury with my other hamstring last season and you've got to be careful.
"I'll work hard and hopefully come back as quickly as I can but I won't come back earlier than I should. It's hard that I can't do well for Cardiff or Scotland for the next few weeks.
"I'd been playing well so far this season. For the first game I was on the left of midfield and did really well. Then against Blackpool I was just off the front two and it was going good."


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The family of Aqsa Mahmood, 20, from Pollokshields, Glasgow, spoke out as a desperate hunt was under way to save the life of a Scottish-educated hostage whose life is under threat from ISIS terrorists.
The man, who is not being named by The Herald out of respect for the wishes of his family and the Foreign Office, has been threatened by the same man who killed US journalists Steven Sotloff and James Foley. "Every possible option" is being considered by the UK Government to save him and other hostages, including air strikes.
Prime Minister David Cameron said: "We have faced down threats like this before and will do again."
Ms Mahmood's parents Khalida and Muzaffar spoke out after their daughter appeared to have made comments on social media calling for a repeat of the murder of soldier Lee Rigby. She has married a militant fighter.
The couple said: "We still love you, Aqsa, but we now have to put your family, your brother and sisters first as you have betrayed us, our community and the people of Scotland. You have torn the heart out of our family and changed our lives forever. Please come home."
First Minister Alex Salmond added: "One person being drawn into that circle of evil is one too many so we're very concerned about it."


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Official Flight Simulator X Feedback Thread
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Registered User
Join Date: Oct 2007
Location: Canada
Posts: 151
Re: Flight Simulator X Full Version Feedback Thread
hmm well i finally tried to use 174.74beta drivers for xp today and when ever im in full screen mode i get massive stutters........when i'm in windowed mode no problems..........i 've trouble shooted the last 2 hours and tried turning settings down, different aircraft, different weather and can't play in full screen mode only windowed. the stutters are to many in a row to even play properly.
i noticed a new feature "frame rate render ahead". i tried that at 0, 3, 7 and no help there.
i also deleted the fsx cfg file after also to rebuild it self again (as was mentioed a few posts above).
i guess back to 169.21.
i even turned down the settings in full screen mode to get high frame rates....i was in the 70's to 100's and still massive stuttering.
my vent for the day.
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Watch Singin' in the Rain Online – Free Streaming 2012 Full Movie on Putlocker. This film has one particular highlight after another. Just about all the numbers are great–the title tune, "Make 'Em Laugh", "Beautiful Girl", "Good Morning" on and on. My two favorites are two brief ones: "Fit as being a Fiddle" which has unbelievable dancing from Kelly and O'Connor and "Would You?" at the end. Kelly is not that very good acting (he in no way was) but his dancing is superb; Reynolds (only 19 when she did this) is beautiful, energetic and full of lifestyle; Hagen is uproarious as Lamont (she was nominated for an Academy Award–she should have won!) and O'Connor is just good as Cosmo (his "Make Em' Laugh" variety has astounding dancing).
|Singin' in the Rain (1952)
|Rating: 8.4/10 (114,604 votes)
Director: Stanley Donen, Gene Kelly
Writer: Adolph Green (story), Betty Comden (story)
Stars: Gene Kelly, Donald O'Connor, Debbie Reynolds, Jean Hagen
Runtime: 103 min
Rated: Approved
Genre: Comedy, Drama, Musical
Released: 11 Apr 1952
|Plot: A silent film production company and cast make a difficult transition to sound.
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A 4-bolt main 454 ci V8 engine and 700R4 4-speed automatic transmission power this impressive 2-door hot rod. Shortened and de-roofed, it features a... More
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This custom Plymouth Coupe has an all steel body. The power comes from a Corvette LT1 drivetrain with an automatic transmission. For added comfort,... More
One of a kind 1962 Plymouth Sport Fury Golden Commando. Two-door hardtop. 2004 or 2005 late-model 5.7 hemi with full computer controlled factory fuel... More
Fuel injected Indy Cylinder Hemi. 4-speed trans. Dana 60 3:54 posi rear end. Power steering. 4 wheel power disc brakes. Completely rebuild. Decor package.... More
1932 Plymouth Street Rod. National Show Winner! $89,900. This outstanding all steel Southern street rod took Harold Roundtree of L & H Rod Shop 2... More


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ANTLR Changelog
New in version 4.5January 23rd, 2015
- Bug Fixes:
- Excess token consumption during recovery
- exception when importing grammar
- Generated tokenNames field in lexers is useless
- Maven build has test failures due to order of token types
- Suppress warning 109 for matching options during import
- Parser.getTrace()
- exception when importing grammar
- ANTLRInputStream.getSourceName() has @NotNull annotation, but returns null
- deprecate ErrorType.ALL_OPS_NEED_SAME_ASSOC
- Multiline comments along with token declaration in lexer
- NullUsageProcessor not compatible with java>6
- Cannot start a new lexer mode right after some comments comment
- Docstring for TokenStreamRewriter is incorrect
New in version 4.4 (July 17th, 2014)
- Bug Fixes:
- NullPtr and bad tree parse upon parser rule ref in lexer rule in combined grammar (#661)
- Specifying an unknown target crashed the tool. (163ec98)
New in version 4.3 (July 10th, 2014)
- Features:
- Parser profiler (#583)
- Tool/Runtime version mismatch detection (#572, #601, #634, #635)
- Improvements:
- Improved support for additional targets (#554, #566, #569, #609, #610)
- Add clearDFA() method to easily clear the DFA cache (#584)
- Improved documentation
- Bug Fixes:
- Fix issue with tokens named ATN (#561)
- Fix generated JavaDoc for listener and visitor methods for context objects created by labeled alternatives in a rule (#543)
- Fix errors in support for parsing off-channel tokens (#544, #622, #626)
- Fix references that alias the enclosing rule name (#571)
- Fix issues with use of (#542)
- Fix issues with unsupported and/or ignored semantic predicates (#588, #590)
- Allow multiple actions and/or predicates to appear at the end of alternatives in a left-recursive rule (#625)
- Fix bugs in infrequently used IntervalSet code (#623)
- Fix issues with file encoding handling (#563, #618)
- Breaking Changes:
- Within an embedded action or semantic predicate, references to the enclosing rule can no longer be written as $ruleName. Instead, use the special symbol $ctx to refer to the enclosing rule. Parsers already generated from grammars prior to this change are not affected, but the grammar will need to be updated prior to generating code with ANTLR 4.3. This change was required as part of correcting #571.
- IntervalSet.getMinElement now returns the first element, even if that element is negative. Code which relied on this method to return a non-negative value even if the set contained negative values will need to be updated.
New in version 4.2.2 (April 7th, 2014)
- Bug Fixes:
- Improve the handling of grammars containing multiple explicit references to EOF (#531, #534, #537, #539)
- Improve the ability of generated parsers to report localized errors in the presence of semantic predicates (#529, #530, #533, parrt/antlr4#134, #538)
- Other minor fixes and cleanup (#528, #532, #538, #540)
New in version 4.2.1 (March 27th, 2014)
- Bug Fixes:
- Fix the ParserRuleContext which is returned by the parser interpreter when parsing starts with a left-recursive rule (#461)
- Fix the accessor methods generated for rules where multiple alternatives use the same label (#433)
- Add new warning and error messages to help users (#472, #489, #500)
- Fix lexer action execution in the middle of rules (#469)
- Fix bug in adaptivePredict for certain left recursive rules (#509)
- Other smaller fixes (#474, #495)
New in version 4.2 (February 5th, 2014)
- Features:
- XPath-like syntax for selecting parse tree nodes
- Parse tree pattern matching using concrete syntax
- LexerInterpreter and ParserInterpreter are much more powerful and now part of the runtime library (details)
- Improvements:
- Improved left-recursion elimination algorithm in the Tool (#268, #303, #313, #314, #355)
- Substantial performance improvements for grammars containing left-recursive rules (#97, #192, #300, #400, #401)
- antlr4-maven-plugin now prints proper error messages, and is now compatible with Eclipse m2e out-of-the-box (#319, #342)
- A new annotation processor verifies correct use of @NotNull and @Nullable at compile time, and is available through Maven separately from the rest of ANTLR 4 in the new antlr4-annotations artifact (#434, #435) Note: This feature is only available for Maven users; not as part of the standalone ANTLR downloads.
- Initial support for Java 8 (#337, #430)
- The Tool supports grammar files in UTF-8 encoding with a byte order mark, a common default for text editors on Windows systems (#175)
- Bug Fixes:
- Many other bug fixes
New in version 4.1 (July 1st, 2013)
- Resize ANTLRInputStream.data after reading a file with fewer characters than bytes
- Fix ATN created for non-greedy optional block with multiple alternatives
- Support Unicode escape sequences with indirection in JavaUnicodeInputStream (fixes #287)
- Remove the ParserRuleContext.altNum field (fixes #288)
- PredictionContext no longer implements Iterable
- PredictionContext no longer implements Comparable
- Add the EPSILON_CLOSURE error and EPSILON_OPTIONAL warning
- Optimized usage of closureBusy set (fixes #282)
New in version 4.0 (January 22nd, 2013)
- Updated PredictionContext Javadocs
- Updated Maven site documentation
- Minor tweaks in Java.stg
New in version 3.5 (January 8th, 2013)
- Improve error reporting and recovery for STRAY_BRACKET, fixes antlr/antlr3#42
- Do not write output files if errors were reported, fixes antlr/antlr3#61
- Fix AST operator on labeled set of terminals e.g. x=(A|B)^
- Fix labeled set of terminals with rewrite e.g. x=(A|B) -> $x


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Cppcheck is a static analysis tool for C/C++ code. Unlike C/C++ compilers and many other analysis tools it does not detect syntax errors in the code. Cppcheck primarily detects the types of bugs that the compilers normally do not detect. The goal is to detect only real errors in the code (i.e. have zero false positives).
Download Now! Version 1.69 for Windows
Clients and plugins
Cppcheck is integrated with many popular development tools. For instance:
- Code::Blocks - integrated
- CodeDX (software assurance tool) - integrated
- CodeLite - integrated
- CppDepend 5 - integrated
- Eclipse - Cppcheclipse
- gedit - gedit plugin
- Hudson - Cppcheck Plugin
- Jenkins - Cppcheck Plugin
- Mercurial (Linux) - pre-commit hook - Check for new errors on commit (requires interactive terminal)
- Tortoise SVN - Adding a pre-commit hook script
- Visual Studio - Visual Studio plugin
Other static analysis tools
Using a battery of tools is better than using 1 tool. Therefore we recommend that you also use other tools.
Cppcheck focus on bugs instead of stylistic issues. Therefore a tool that focus on stylistic issues could be a good addition.
Cppcheck tries very hard to avoid false positives. Sometimes people want to detect all bugs even if there will be many false warnings, for instance when they are working on a release and want to verify that there are no bugs. A tool that is much more noisy than Cppcheck might be a good addition.
Even tools that have the same design goals as Cppcheck will probably be good additions. Static analysis is such a big field, Cppcheck only covers a small fraction of it. No tool covers the whole field. The day when all manual testing will be obsolete because of some tool is very far away.
- Out of bounds checking
- Memory leaks checking
- Detect possible null pointer dereferences
- Check for uninitialized variables
- Check for invalid usage of STL
- Checking exception safety
- Warn if obsolete or unsafe functions are used
- Warn about unused or redundant code
- Detect various suspicious code indicating bugs
- …
- Cppcheck-1.69 2015-05-01
- Cppcheck-1.68 2015-01-03
- Cppcheck-1.67 2014-10-18
You can read the manual or download some articles.
You are welcome to contribute. Help is needed.
- Testing
- Pick a project and test it's source with latest version. Write tickets to Trac about issues you find from Cppcheck.
- Developing
- Pick a ticket from Trac, write a test case for it (and write a comment to the ticket that test case has been created). Or pick a test case that fails and try to fix it. Make a patch and submit it to Trac either inline if it is small, or attach it as a file.
- Marketing
- Write articles, reviews or tell your friends about us. The more users we have, the more people we have testing and the better we can become.
- Design
- Invent new good checks and create tickets to Trac about them.
- Integration
- Write a plugin to your favorite IDE or create a package for your distribution or operating system.
- Technical Writer
- Write better documentation for the bugs we find. Currently only a few bugs have any documentation at all.


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We've all used machine translators at one point or another. They're fast, free, and simple to use. However, the quality of the results are oftentimes not quite up to par. There are even websites devoted to the completely off the wall results that can come from using a machine translator. No matter how great machine translators are at providing a fast and easy solution for translation, the truth of the matter is that machines are not able to process all of the intricacies, variables, and creativity of human language accurately.
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Anandah Beach Resort
Category: Hotels & Resorts
Location: Takua Pa, Phang Nga
Anandah Beach Resort, the wonderful destination in the south of Thailand, along a serenely private beach, mingled with varied...
There is a wide variety of Phuket accommodation that caters for all requirements. Whether it is a luxury 5 star hotel on the beach, a backpacker style guest house in one of the party areas, or a villa that you are looking for there is plenty to choose from on the island.
Pricing varies across the island with the west coast traditionally being higher than the east although this trend is changing with the introduction of high end villas for rental in the eastern coastal areas in recent years. Lower cost accommodation suitable for budget travellers can normally be found in the west coast towns of Kata, Karon and Patong.
Prices also vary according to the season and some great bargains can be had during the rainy season when quite often there can be weeks of no rain at all.


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COMPLETE TRAP PULLING SYSTEM $5,000. Call Harvey 305-797-0595 or 305-296-2908More info Email a friend
PRIVATE DOCKAGE up to 46'. Excellent dock with covered deck area. Wash house & bath, laundry facilities & 1 stored item in fenced lot included. Annual rate. Call Emil @ (305) 731-3386More info Email a friend
Carolina Skiff Specialists All sizes & models: Sea Fox, Bennington pontoons & Blue Wave. Check our prices last. We're in Ft. Myers! (239) 267-0725More info Email a friend


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|Table of Contents
|Vol. 38, No. 1, 2004
Issue release date: January–February 2004
|Section title: Original Paper
Brushing Abrasion of Softened and Remineralised Dentin: An in situ StudyAttin T. · Siegel S. · Buchalla W. · Lennon Á.M. · Hannig C. · Becker K.
Department of Operative Dentistry, Preventive Dentistry and Periodontology, Georg August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
Received: 3/13/2003
Accepted: 6/12/2003
Published online: 12/29/2003
Issue release date: January–February 2004
Number of Print Pages: 5
Number of Figures: 0
Number of Tables: 1
ISSN: 0008-6568 (Print)
eISSN: 1421-976X (Online)
For additional information: http://www.karger.com/CRE
The aim of the present in situ study was to evaluate the effect of different periods of intra-oral remineralisation on the susceptibility of softened dentin to toothbrushing abrasion. Groups of 6 human dentin specimens (A–F) were recessed in the buccal aspects of intra-oral appliances which were worn for 21 days by 11 volunteers. The samples were demineralised twice a day extra-orally in the acidic beverage Sprite Light (pH 2.9) for 90 s. Subsequently, the dentin specimens were brushed at different times. Specimen A was brushed immediately after demineralisation. Specimens B–E were brushed after the intra-oral appliances had been worn for various periods in the mouth: specimen B for 10 min, C for 20 min, D for 30 min and E for 60 min. Specimen F was not brushed (control). After 21 days, dentin wear was measured with a profilometer. The following values (means ± standard deviation) were recorded (µm): A, 23.6 ± 16.7; B, 37.9 ± 29.7; C, 31.8 ± 26.5; D, 18.5 ± 10.5; E, 15.3 ± 11.6; F, 12.6 ± 6.7. There was a statistically significantly increased dentin loss for groups A, B and C as compared to the controls (U test: p < 0.05). However, after intra-oral periods of 30 and 60 min, wear was not significantly higher than in unbrushed controls. It is concluded that for protection of dentin surfaces at least 30 min should elapse before toothbrushing after an erosive attack.
© 2004 S. Karger AG, Basel
Prof. Dr. T. Attin
Department of Operative Dentistry, Preventive Dentistry and Periodontology
Georg August University Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40
DE–37075 Göttingen (Germany)
Tel. +49 551 392884, Fax +49 551 392037, E-Mail email@example.com
Received: March 13, 2003
Accepted after revision: June 12, 2003
Number of Print Pages : 5
Number of Figures : 0, Number of Tables : 1, Number of References : 36
Caries Research (Journal of the European Organization for Caries Research (ORCA))
Journal founded 1967 by Y. Ericsson; edited 1970–1987 by K.G. König; 1987–1994 by J.M. ten Cate; 1994–2000 by J. Tenovuo
Vol. 38, No. 1, Year 2004 (Cover Date: January-February 2004)
Journal Editor: R.P. Shellis, Bristol
ISSN: 0008–6568 (print), 1421–976X (Online)
For additional information: http://www.karger.com/journals/cre
Received: 3/13/2003
Accepted: 6/12/2003
Published online: 12/29/2003
Issue release date: January–February 2004
Number of Print Pages: 5
Number of Figures: 0
Number of Tables: 1
ISSN: 0008-6568 (Print)
eISSN: 1421-976X (Online)
For additional information: http://www.karger.com/CRE


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Utility making sewer pipe progress in rural DeSoto County
When the DeSoto County Regional Utility Authority does a job, no one usually knows it did anything: That's the reality when your best work -- such as wastewater-flow lines and pump stations -- must be buried underground, erected in remote areas or obscured by landscaping.
But before the work is finished, there's plenty of dirt flying, as at the rural DeSoto area west of Delta View Road south of Walls where 18,000 feet of 21-inch pipe is being laid this week by Aberdeen-based Eutaw to connect with the Johnson Creek Interceptor.
Across west DeSoto near Walls, south of Delta View Road, there's work going on at several sites. Motorists whiz by, unmindful of all the pipes -- or even the eight pillar-like wells along U.S. 61 south of Church Road pumping 1,400 gallons of water a minute to de-water the site of the Johnson Creek Influent Pump Station and Force Main, alone a $4 million project.
On one section of the creek to the east, 60-inch casings for huge pipes await installation under Baldwin Road by the S.J. Louis firm; it's part of a 15,000-foot stretch to U.S. 61 that is being paid for by federal stimulus funds.
Under construction or under advertisement by DCRUA are some $29,000,000 in wastewater-related projects throughout the county reflecting more than 10 years of planning and development.
"We have a tremendous amount of work going on right now, probably more than another county agency, outside of a Katrina-type emergency," said DCRUA executive director Bill Austin.
The nearby Lake Forest Wastewater Treatment plant, west of Miss. 301, and the Twin Lakes treatment facility were acquired by DCRUA from Horn Lake. While the pipe being laid is new, these two plants are antiquated and plans call for both to be closed once the authority constructs the Johnson Creek Waste- water Treatment Facility, said Tracy Huffman, director with the Waggoner engineering firm in Hernando, which advises DCRUA.
In late May, the go-ahead came for bids on the Twin Lakes Pump Station and Force Main project. The estimated $2 million project is intended to hasten offline status for the Twin Lakes wastewater plant.
All the pipe work is part of a grand design for a "backbone" system that once completed, "we can expand and add to as need dictates," Huffman said. "The initial goal is to consolidate into the regional system the older and larger facilities that cannot meet stringent environmental regulations."
The vision is the Johnson Creek plant eventually will serve the entire west side of the county. About 90 percent of the funding for the estimated $12 million to $14 million project is in hand, with the remainder is expected from federal and state sources in early 2011. Once the funds are there and work starts, completion could come in 12 to 18 months.
"But when Congress will act, we don't exactly know," Austin said. "From the House side there was $2 million approved; from the Senate there's $12 million. Now it's all before a conference committee. But the main thing is, we got funds from both sides approved, and that's important."
The vista from Delta View Road to the south reveals an area "that's now developable, for housing, for businesses, for jobs, because of these pipelines," said Huffman.
Austin put it this way, quoting a veteran DeSoto official of long ago: "Progress follows the sewer lines."
-- Henry Bailey: (901) 333-2012
They can dig it
Crews on DCRUA wastewater projects, including those down and dirty 20 feet deep in a trench box to protect against wall collapses, are trying to get as much done before the fall rainy season. But now it's the summer sizzle season.
"We had to shut down about 2:30 yesterday. The heat index must have been 120," said Steve Camizaro of Vicksburg, a Pickering engineer observing construction west of Delta View Road south of Walls.
But there's no rushing ahead of quality: "It's got to be super-safe, and one joint at a time and on grade," said Huffman. "It's time-consuming and equipment-heavy."
It's like that when you're building for 50 years into the future. These lines will be gravity lines, the most desired and most capable of serving the most people. When demand and funds allow, these lines will be the norm instead of lines for water forced along by electric power at plants subject to breakdowns and maintenance costs.
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Zilli Brunch & Fish Fry @ Boerner*
Boerner Botanical Gardens (113347), Wisconsin Reservations
|Year Round Sunday Brunch10:00am – 1:00pm Every Sunday
|Seasonal Fish FryFriday Fish Fry – 5:00pm – 8:00pm
Early Bird Special – 5:00pm – 6:00pm
January 9, 2015 – April 17, 2015
For availability or reservations, call (414) 525-5619
Zilli Hospitality Group welcomes you to Boerner Botanical Gardens to experience fine cuisine amid a spectacular natural setting. Introducing ZHG's Friday night fish fry with family-style Wisconsin favorites and our Sunday champagne brunch year-round. The Garden Room's floor-to-ceiling windows bring the beauty of this horticultural showplace right to your table every time of year. Also available for private event rentals. We offer Sunday Brunches and Friday Fish Fries seasonally.


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Gwyneth Paltrow: I'm Raising Apple and Moses Jewish
Has Gwyneth Paltrow had a divine intervention?
During a recent appearance on NBC's Who Do You Think You Are?, the 38-year-old actress revealed that she plans to raise her two children as Jewish. (She and Coldplay frontman Chris Martin are parents to Apple, 7, and Moses, 5.)
PHOTOS: Gwyneth's surprise BFFs
Just last year, Paltrow admitted that being raised both Jewish and Christian "was such a nice way to grow up," but later added: "I don't believe in religion. I believe in spirituality. Religion is the cause of all the problems in the world."
VIDEO: Gwyneth exclaims: "I'm a lush!"
On Tuesday's episode, a genealogy expert informed Paltrow that religion passes through the matriarchal line, which means that she would not be considered a true Jew in religious laws since her mother, Blythe Danner, is a Christian. (Her father, the late producer/director Bruce Paltrow, was Jewish.)
PHOTOS: Gwyneth Paltrow through the years
Paltrow's husband, 34, also has a Christian background. "Miss Paltrow may just want to follow traditions that she did as a child," the expert said, "like observing the Sabbath, keeping a kosher home and celebrating holidays."
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#052 LCA Mechanism Planning Method - 1 : Differences between Hand Operations and Mechanisms
We have so far explained about air cylinders and linear motion guides as the representative machine elements for actuators and slide guides. Before proceeding on to explaining more wide variety of machine elements, concepts of mechanism will be explained.
(1) Differences between hand operations and mechanisms
Design and development concepts for assembly machinery (jig fixtures, semi-automatic machines, fully automatic machines) generally originated from hand operated assembling work. But it can be said that it is virtually impossible to perfectly replicate the movements of manual operations with mechanisms. It is not a good idea to attempt to imitate perception sensors, controls by brain, joints with multiple degrees of freedom, and handling with soft fingers of humans with mechanisms.
Mechanisms are suitable for the movements characterized by the following.
Therefore, the exact movements of hand operations are not to be replicated, though the concept is based on such, but the aim is to replace the hand operations with mechanical elements utilizing the characteristics 1~4.
(2) Fundamental Structure of Machinery (LCA)
Machines are the means to convert materials and parts (INPUT) into desired products (OUTPUT). The [Fig.1] is the fundamental structure. The Mechanisms apply assembling, machining, and moving operations to the (INPUT) and turn them into (OUTPUT).
The actuators (Drive Section) process the Energy, and the Information is processed by a controller (Control Section) to logically operate the mechanism.
All parts of machines are comprised of mechanisms but the most important mechanism is the section that creates the added value of (OUTPUT), and is called in a narrow sense the "Mechanism".
- #196 Design Image Training - 12: Structure of Hoisting Mechanism
- #195 Design Image Training - 11: Hoisting Mechanism
- #194 Design Image Training - 10: Pick and Place Parts Drawings - 2
- #193 Design Image Training - 9: Pick and Place Parts Drawings
- #192 Design Image Training - 8: Pick and Place Mechanism - 2


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Next Act's 'Irma Vep' haunted by earlier version
In the second act of Charles Ludlam's madcap "The Mystery of Irma Vep," now on stage at Next Act Theatre, a frightened Lady Enid (a cross-dressed John McGivern) turns to housekeeper Jane Twisden (a cross-dressed Norman Moses) and pines for the protective presence of Nicodemus, her faithful manservant.
With the twitch of a smile and a twinkle in his eye, Moses' ordinarily prim Jane make clear that calling Nicodemus on stage just then simply isn't possible. »Read Full Article(1)
This is the final weekend for most Milwaukee County Parks pools
Milwaukee County Parks pools will begin closing after this weekend as lifeguards begin heading back to campus.
Deep-well pools will remain open through Sunday. Those are the pools in Hales Corners, Holler, Jackson, Kosciuszko, McCarty, Oak Creek Parkway, Sheridan, Washington and Wilson parks. »Read Full Article(4)


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Viewers: in countries Watching now:
Unix for Mac OS X Users unlocks the powerful capabilities of Unix that underlie Mac OS X, teaching how to use command-line syntax to perform common tasks such as file management, data entry, and text manipulation. The course teaches Unix from the ground up, starting with the basics of the command line and graduating to powerful, advanced tools like grep, sed, and xargs. The course shows how to enter commands in Terminal to create, move, copy, and delete files and folders; change file ownership and permissions; view and stop command and application processes; find and edit data within files; and use command-line shortcuts to speed up workflow. Exercise files accompany the course.
Now that we've seen how to change the standard output to go to a file, I'd like to see how to direct input from a file that is instead of using our standard input which would be our keyboard, the things that we type into the command line, we are going to use input from a file. Notice that I'm inside my User directory and I'm inside unix_files. These files are in the Exercise Files as well. The one I'm going to be using to start with is this fruit file. You will remember what's in there. It's just a list of fruit, all right, a bunch of unordered fruit with duplicates in there as well.
So what I'm going to do is I'm going to use the sort and we saw that we could do fruit.txt. Essentially what this is doing when we call that is providing as argument fruit.txt which the sort function then uses as its standard input. So it's already doing what we're talking about for us, but I want to show you the way that we can do it all the time, sort of universally for any command that takes input, even if the input is just from the keyboard. We can then use this less than sign. That's the opposite of what we used for output. It's facing the other direction, pointing to the left.
What we are saying is take this fruit.txt file, use that as your input, and send it to the sort command. Use it as if we had actually typed those commands in there. And you will see that it gives us back through the results. Now those results are still coming to our screen. We are not redirecting those right now. We are focused just on directing the input. Let's try another one, wc < lorem_ipsum.txt. So there you see. Now it's using the contents of that and passing it into wc to count it. Notice that it doesn't show the file name anymore, which it did before when we called it the other way, right.
When we call it this way, it actually uses that file name. So this is providing the file as an argument. This is providing that file as input that's being passed to this command. It is a subtle difference. Let me show you one way that maybe a little more obvious. Let's say that we echo, a mathematical expression, (3*4) + (11*37). Okay, so I've just got a simple expression and I'm going to output that to a file. I'll call it calculation.txt. We know how to redirect our output.
Now I'm going to use bc, the calculator that we used in the last chapter. Before we used it from the command line, but instead I'm going to say hey, instead of using what I type, instead take the contents of this file and pass those into bc, and bc happily takes those and returns a result to us. So I think it's a pretty straightforward thing, but there are two important points that I want to make sure you understand. One is that we can both redirect the input and the output. So let's say for example, if I do sort < fruit.txt, the output right now is going to come to my screen.
If instead I want it to go somewhere else, well then I need to direct it as well, sorted_fruit.txt. Okay, see what it's going to do? The input is the fruit.txt; the output is the sorted_fruit.txt. It's the same thing as if we actually had sort and we piped in fruit.txt) > sorted_fruit.txt. All right, that works exactly the same. It has the exact same results. The parentheses aren't necessary though because we always put the input first.
Right, it's always the input, then the output. So I just wanted to see that you can use them together and also that the input always needs to come before the output. I also want to make another point here that the arguments to these always have to be files. Okay, it's very important. We're working with files when we talk about this. You can't for example do sort < cat fruit.txt, right. That's going to read the file? No. We want the file itself, not what we get when we read the file piped into it. It says no such file or directory is cat.
It's expecting a file or a directory to be passed in there. Same thing if we say lorem_ipsum.txt piped into wc as output, right. This won't work either because in this case it expects it to have output and the file on its own doesn't have any output. We have to cat the file to have output and then we need to pipe it into a file. The receiver has to be a file. If I just do wc, not word count, that's actually a file called wc and it happily does it. ls -la and there we see we have a file called wc at the bottom.
Okay, so I just want to make sure that you understand the thing going in using the less than sign needs to be a file and the thing that's coming out of the greater than sign needs to also be a file. All right, so let's go ahead and remove that. The last thing, let's just show you if we use unique case an example. Let's take our sorted_fruit. txt now and let's output it to unique_sorted_fruit.txt. Okay, so that works and it should have sorted it. cat unique_sorted_fruit.txt. So we went through several steps to get that sorted_fruit doing it this way, right.
And we know that there is an option for sort that would let us do all in one step and make it unique. Certainly could use that. But what I am interested in really making point about is the way that we sort of use these files as intermediaries, right. We took a file, we sorted it, we saved it to a file. Then we take that sorted file, we passed that into unique, and we saved that off as another file. It would be great if instead we could take the output from one command and send it straight to another command without a file, right. We can't do that with these operators because these operators are expecting this and this to both be files.
Instead we need another tool to do that. We call that the pipe. That's what we will look at in the next movie.
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You won't be able to dismiss this by usual means (escape or click button), but you can close it programatically based on user choices or actions.
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"I was under a time crunch, so I literally just used one of the templates available, I would normally change things, colors, etc. but did not have time. My order came quickly, and I was completely satisfied with the quality and design of my invitation. Very easy and effortless process!"
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