text:
A composition useful in combatting gum disease including:
(a) a gel component including (i) about 0.1-10% by weight of hydrogen peroxide; (ii) about 0.05-5.0% by weight of a water-dispersible copolymer of acrylic acid cross-linked with polyallyl sucrose; (iii) about zero to about 2.0% by weight of a nonionic cellulose stabilizer; (iv) a neutralizing agent selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, triethanolamine, diisopropylamine and ammonia in an amount sufficient to raise the gel pH to about 3-6.0; and (v) purified water;
(b) a paste component including (i) about 2-60% sodium bicarbonate; (ii) about 1-6% of a salt selected from the group consisting of NaCl, MgCl2, MgSO4, Na2 SO4, and K2 SO4 ; (iii) about 2-60% of a humectant selected from the group consisting of glycerin, sorbitol, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, an ethoxylated lower fatty alcohol, a propoxylated lower fatty alcohol and mixtures thereof; (iv) about 0.1-5% of a thickener stabilizer selected from the group consisting of cellulose gum, magnesium aluminum silicate and mixtures thereof; (v) about 1-30% of a stabilizing polishing agent selected from the group consisting of bentonite, titanium dioxide, silica, magnesium, oxide and mixtures thereof; and (vi) purified water; the paste component and gel component being combined immediately prior to use.
1. A composition useful in combatting gum disease comprising:
(a) a gel component comprising (i) about 0.1-10% by weight of hydrogen peroxide; (ii) about 0.05-5.0% by weight of a water-dispersible copolymer of acrylic acid cross-linked with polyallyl sucrose; (iii) about zero to about 2.0% by weight of a nonionic cellulose stabilizer; (iv) a neutralizing agent selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, triethanolamine, diisopropylamine and ammonia in an amount sufficient to raise the gel pH to about 3-6.0; and (v) purified water;
(b) a paste component comprising: (i) about 2-60% sodium bicarbonate; (ii) about 0-6% of a salt selected from the group consisting of NaCl, KCl, MgCl2, MgSO4, Na2 SO4 and K2 SO4 ; (iii) about 2-60% of a humectant selected from the group consisting of glycerin, sorbitol, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, an ethoxylated lower fatty alcohol, a propoxylated lower fatty alcohol and mixtures thereof; (iv) about 0.1-5% of a thickener stabilizer selected from the group consisting of cellulose gum, magnesium aluminum silicate and mixtures thereof; (v) about 1-30% of a stabilizing polishing agent selected from the group consisting of bentonite, titanium dioxide, silica, magnesium oxide and mixtures thereof; and (vi) purified water; said paste component and gel component being combined immediately prior to use.
2. The composition of claim 1, wherein said gel component comprises about 3.0-6.5% hydrogen peroxide; about 1-3% of said copolymer; and about 0.3-1.5% of said neutralizing agent.
3. The composition of claim 2, wherein said paste component comprises about 20-40% of said sodium bicarbonate; about 2-4% of said salt; about 15-255 of said humectant; about 1.0-2.0% of said stabilizer; and about 1.5-20% of said stabilizing polishing agent.
This application is a divisional application of U.S. application Ser. No. 745,993, filed June 17, 1985 (now U.S. Pat. No. 4,687,663, the full disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference), which was a continuation-in-part application of U.S. application Ser. No. 737,157, filed May 23, 1985 (now abandoned), which in turn was a continuation-in-part application of U.S. application Ser. No. 471,188, filed Mar. 1, 1983 (now U. S. Pat. No. 4,528,180 the full disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference).
This invention relates to a dental preparation useful in the treatment of gum disease, to a method of storing and delivering such preparation to a use point and to an article for the storage and delivery of such preparation.
It has long been recognized that the combination of hydrogen peroxide solution with sodium bicarbonate and table salt has an excellent curative and preventive effect on gum disease caused by bacterial infection. Dr. Paul H. Keyes has advocated use of this combination to the dental profession and to the public at large based on his work of more than 25 years on the subject, which has shown that upon daily and diligent topical application of these materials, gum disease may be effectively controlled. On the basis of his recommendations, many dentists urge their patients to use the Keyes procedure (substantially as described e.g. in S. Elder: "An Alternative To Gum Surgery" Modern Maturity, Aug.-Sept. 1980 pp. 31-32).
Dr. Keyes advocates that a quantity of solid sodium bicarbonate be placed in one hand, and that the toothbrush held in the other hand, be dipped into a hydrogen peroxide -table salt solution and then transferred to the bicarbonate and applied to the teeth and gums. Upon contact with the gums, the hydrogen peroxide is exposed to the enzyme catalase, which is always present in the buccal cavity, and is attached thereby resulting in the release of active oxygen. The combination of the active oxygen and the sodium bicarbonate together with table salt destroys the bacteria responsible for gum disease. Unfortunately, hydrogen peroxide and sodium bicarbonate may not be premixed, as they immediately react and are thereby rendered ineffective against gum disease. In addition, hydrogen peroxide is unstable and therefore difficult to store for prolonged periods of time. Finally, mere dipping of the toothbrush in a hydrogen peroxide solution does not insure delivery of a sufficient amount of hydrogen peroxide to the teeth and gums. These factors are responsible for the fact that use of the Keyes procedure is extremely awkward, inconvenient and messy. Another disadvantage stems from the fact that, the mixture of hydrogen peroxide and sodium bicarbonate has a very unpleasant taste. For these reasons, patients have shown extreme reluctance to follow this procedure, especially on a daily basis, as would be required for effective gum disease control. As a result, the benefits which the Keyes procedure affords have largely been left unrealized.
Accordingly, it is an object of this invention to eliminate the above disadvantages associated with use of the Keyes procedure by providing a dental preparation incorporating the active constituents of the Keyes procedure that has pleasant taste and is neat and convenient to use, and a method for using such preparation that permits contact between hydrogen peroxide and sodium bicarbonate only shortly before use and, therefore, assures maximum effectiveness against gum disease.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a dental preparation incorporating the active constituents of the Keyes method and a method for using such preparation that permits a sufficient, consistent and reproducible amount of hydrogen peroxide to be delivered to the use point.
It is yet another object of this invention to provide an article for the storage and delivery of this improved dental preparation which makes its use neat and convenient and which prevents contact between hydrogen peroxide and sodium bicarbonate prior to application.
In accordance with the present invention, hydrogen or urea peroxide is dissolved in a nontoxic gel for use in combination with a separately stored but substantially simultaneously dispensed paste containing sodium bicarbonate, table (or another suitable) salt, and, preferably, additional cleansing, anticaries and polishing agents as well as an effective concentration of flavoring substances. Each of the gel and paste are loaded either into separate collapsible containers which are connected by means of a common orifice (as in FIG. 1), or which have substantially adjacent orifices (as in FIG. 2), or in separate compartments of a single container (as in FIGS. 3 or 4). Alternatively, the gel and paste may be loaded in separate compartments of a two-compartment pressurized container (as in FIG. 5) or a mechanically actuated pump, as in FIG. 6.
Upon substantially simultaneous squeezing of the containers, in much the same way as common toothpaste tubes (or upon actuating of the pressurized container or pump), controlled quantities of the gel and paste can be simultaneously released onto the toothbrush and immediately applied to the teeth and gums. Control of the peroxide, salt, and NaHCO3 quantities delivered may be thus effected by specification of the opening of the orifice and the active ingredient concentration in each tube (or pump compartment). As described above, when the brush is applied to teeth and gums, immediate mixing of the products takes place followed by the rapid evolution of active oxygen and carbon dioxide. At the same time, the effervescence accompanying release of active oxygen activates the flavor contained in the bicarbonate paste and produces a lasting highly refreshing taste in the mouth which is unlike any other flavor provided by existing toothpastes or gels.
Another advantage afforded by the present invention, as compared with the Keyes procedure, is that a greater and more consistent amount of peroxide is delivered to the use point.
Yet another advantage stems from the tendency of the present composition to cling to the gum tissues and thus provide them with the full benefit of substantially all of the composition applied to the gums.
Gelling agents suitable for use in preparation of the peroxide gel in accordance with this invention should be nontoxic and neutral to the peroxide to assure its stability. In addition, they should be preferably sensitive to external electrolytes, such as those contained in the sodium bicarbonate paste, in order to make peroxide immediately available to the oral tissues. A gelling agent suitable for use with the present invention is a copolymer of acrylic acid cross-linked with polyallyl sucrose, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,798,053 issued on July 2, 1957 and assigned to B. F. Goodrich Inc. Other gelling agents resulting in stable hydrogen (or urea) peroxide gels suitable for use in the present invention include those described in British Pat. No. 827,331, i.e, organic polymeric acid colloids including polyuronic acids, carboxypolymethylene compounds and polyester resins containing three carboxyl groups, such as partially hydrolized polyacrylates or polymethacrylates and copolymers thereof; and those described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,639,574 issued on Feb. 1, 1972 to Schmolka, i.e., polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene block copolymers, which, according to Schmolka, may be used in the preparation of stable, firm hydrogen peroxide gels. Preferred are water-dispersible copolymers of acrylic acid cross-linked with about 0.75 to about 1.5% of polyallyl sucrose and neutralized with triethanolamine, NaOH or another alkalizing agent, as taught in U.S. Pat. No. 3,499,8441/ issued on Mar. 10, 1970 to Kibbel et al. For purposes of the present invention, Kibbel's acrylic copolymer may be preferably combined with an anionic or non-ionic surfactant, such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,130,5012/ issued on Dec. 18, 1978 to Lutz et al. Such surfactants are not essential for the formation of a stable hydrogen peroxide gel in accordance with this invention, but may be added to facilitate distribution and rapid penetration of the active oxygen throughout the area to be treated. A particularly preferred gelling agent for the purposes of the present invention is that described by Kibbel, supra. This gelling agent may but does not have to be modified by the addition of a suitable amount of non-ionic cellulose gum such as hydroxyethyl- or hydroxypropyl-cellulose or hydroxypropyl-methyl-cellulose in order to improve the physical stability of the gel, especially when subjecting it to stress such as that resulting from squeezing of the collapsible tubes, or pumping action.
The most preferred gelling agents are marketed under the trademark CARBOPOL 941 and 1342 by Goodrich. Carbopol 941 does not need neutralization for gelling (and preferably is not neutralized in this invention) because it gels readily in the presence of hydrogen donors. Carbopol 941 has proved to have greater long term physical stability (also believed to be due to hydrogen bonding). Although Carbopol 1342 has just become available on the market and its composition and characteristics have not been fully disclosed, it is claimed by the manufacturer that this acrylic acid copolymer (even through it needs to be neutralized) displays satisfactory long term stability comparable to that of Carbopol 941.
Gels made from these agents do not need any cellulose additive as a stabilizer, because they are thixotropic (and also pseudoplastic).
Not only is Carbopol 941 the most preferred gelling agent for non-neutralized gels, it is also most preferred for neutralized gels along with Carbopol 934, 940 and 1342.
The hydrogen peroxide gel may then contain the following ingredients in the following amounts - H2 O2 : about 0.1-10.0% and preferably about 3.0-6.5%; Acrylic acid copolymer: about 0.05-5.0% and, preferably, about 1.0-3.0%; nonionic cellulose gum (optional): about 0-2.0% and, preferably, about 0.3-1.5%; neutralizing agent (triethanolamine, diisopropanolamine, NaOH, KOH): an amount sufficient to raise the gel pH to about 3.0-6.0; NaOH is preferred. The balance is purified (distilled or deionized) water.
If a non-neutralized gelling agent is used, the aforementioned gel may contain about 2-80% and preferably about 20-60% by weight of a polyol selected from the group consisting of glycerin, sorbitol (70% solution) polypropylene glycol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, ethoxylated or propoxylated lower (C2 -C5) fatty alcohols and mixtures thereof. The preferred polyol is glycerin. The amount of the water is decreased so that the total adds up to 100% by weight. The pH need not be controlled but falls between about 2 and 4.
The sodium bicarbonate paste contains sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride (or another suitable salt although the salt may be omitted, if desired), purified (distilled or deionized) water, a thickener/stabilizer such as cellulose gum and or magnesium-aluminum silicate, as essential ingredients and, most preferably, it also contains a polishing/stabilizing agent, such as bentonite, silica, titanium dioxide, magnesium oxide or mixtures thereof (the first three and their mixtures are preferred). In order to disperse the "chalky" taste imparted mostly by the bicarbonate and enhance the taste and plasticity of the paste, a bodying agent is added, such as sorbitol, glycerin and/or a glycol. In addition, if the paste (in combination with the gel) is to displace toothpaste completely, additional cleansing agents, such as calcium sulfate, calcium phosphate, hydrated aluminum oxide, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, and magnesium silicate or mixtures thereof can be added. A fluorine-containing compound is also preferably included for its anti-caries activity. Suitable fluorine-containing compounds are NaF, Na-monofluorophosphate, KF, potassium monofluorophosphate, sodium fluorosilicate, sodium fluorozirconate, etc. (with NaF being most preferred). Finally, a foaming agent such as sodium lauryl sulfate (most preferred), sodium N-lauroyl sarcosinate, sodium coconut monoglyceride sulfonate, sodium N-methyl-N-palmitoyl lauride or a nonionic surfactant such as a polysorbate (e.g., Tween 60 or 80 manufactured by ICI Americas, Wilmington, Delaware) or poloxamer or mixtures thereof, which also enhances the peroxide-bicarbonate-salt action, may be added. Flavoring agents, such as sodium saccharin, or other artificial sweeteners, peppermint or spearmint or other flavors are preferably added to further curb the unpleasant taste. Finally, methyl, butyl and/or propyl paraben, sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate or mixtures thereof are preferably added as preservatives, with methyl and propylparaben being most preferred. Use of a coloring agent is optional.
The constituents and quantities for the bicarbonate paste are as follows:
sodium bicarbonate: about 2-60% and preferably 20-40%;
salt: about 0-6%, preferably about 1-6% and most preferably about 2-4% of NaCl (preferred) or KCl, MgCl2, MgSO4, Na2 SO4 or K2 SO4 or mixtures thereof;
humectant: about 2-60% and preferably, 15-25% consisting of glycerin, sorbitol propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, ethoxylated or propoxylated lower fatty alcohols and mixtures thereof;
thickener-stabilizer: nonionic cellulose gum--about 0.1-5% and preferably 1.0-2.0%; or magnesium aluminum silicate or mixtures thereof in the same proportions;
stabilizer/polishing agent/cleanser: total about 1-30%, preferably about 1.5-20%; these preferably include one or more of: bentonite--about 0.5-7.5%; silica--about 0.1-8.0%; titanium dioxide--about 0.1-8.0%; and/or magnesium oxide--about 0.2-8.0%; preferably, about 1.5-5.0; 0.5-6.0; 0.5-3.0; and 0.5-3.0 percent, respectively.
fluorine-containing compound: sufficient to yield 200 to 3,000 ppm and preferably 1,000 to 2,000 ppm fluorine;
foaming agent: about 0.1-2.5%; preferably about 0.2-0.5%;
additional polishing agents: total about 1-30%, preferably about 5-20%;
flavoring agent(s): to taste, preferably 0.1-2%;
preservatives: about 0.05-0.5%.
The balance is purified water. A coloring agent may be added. The paste and the gel are preferably used in substantially equal proportions, by volume.
If urea peroxide is used in the gel, the bicarbonate paste composition does not change. The gel composition will be as follows:
urea peroxide: about 2-25%, preferably about 8-12%;
acrylic copolymer: about 0-3.5, preferably about 1-3%;
glycerin: balance.
The other polyols described above are reactive with the urea peroxide and should not be used.
The gel and paste combination may be simultaneously dispensed from separate collapsible tubes preferably made of plastic, or a plastic/metal laminate (to avoid reaction with H2 O2) and enhanced flavor retention), such as tubes 1 and 2 shown in FIG. 1. The tubes are fitted with a Y-shaped conduit 3 which provides them with a common orifice 6. Conduit 3 may also be made of plastic (preferably by injection molding) and is preferably detachably but snugly attached to mouths 4,5 of tubes 1,2 so that it may be removed for cleaning. For additional convenience and in order to ensure dispensation of substantially equal amounts of the gel and paste, the tubes themselves may be held together, e.g., by banding or creaming, along corresponding dorsal sides, shown in FIG. 1, or, preferably, along corresponding ventral sides (see, e.g., FIG. 3A).
Alternatively, the two tubes may be constructed to have a common (preferably flat) sidewall portion 26 as shown in FIG. 2. In the latter case, the Y-shaped conduit may be unnecessary, if the mouths 24,25 of tubes 21,22 are sufficiently close so that sufficient quantities of the gel and paste may be simultaneously dispensed directly on the toothbrush. Conventional toothpaste or medicament tubes may be thus used after one of their side walls and the corresponding portion of their head structure are permanently deformed (e.g. by application of pressure) to a substantially flat surface.
A third alternative packaging method involves loading each of the gel and paste into separate compartments of the same collapsible tube, joined by a common orifice, as shown in FIG. 3. Composite tube 31 has compartments 32, 33 separated by divider 34 which is firmly attached along substantially diametrically opposed portions 35, 36 of the sidewall 37, and corresponding portions 38,39 of head structure 40. Divider 34 may be glued or welded to sidewall 37 and head structure 40 of tube 31 during manufacture of the latter. Divider 34 is preferably provided with protruding portion 41, which extends into the mouth 42 of tube 31 until its edge is substantially flush with rim 43 of mouth 42. Thus, divider 34 forms with sidewall 37 two separate compartments 32,33 of substantially the same volume for storage of the gel and paste, respectively.
In another alternative packaging method, the two tubes are "concentric" as shown in FIG. 4A. Inner tube 401 lies within and parallel with outer tube 402.
The mouths of the tubes 401 and 402, designated as 405 and 404 in FIG. 4, abut at the same point. Tube 401 is fastened on to tube 402 at the mouth by protrusion 406 (shown in enlargement in FIG. 4B, which is a cross-section of the embodiment of FIG. 4A taken along 4B--4B). Protrusions 406 are inserted in a groove of mouth 404 of tube 402. The material contained in tube 402 can still pass through the available space between mouth 404 of outer tube 402 and mouth 405 of inner tube 401. Engagement of pins 406 in the groove secures the inner tube 401 on the other tube 402.
The closure 407 of the tube-within-a-tube (which can screw on the outer tube or simply be held by pressure) arrangement may but does not have to be equipped with an interior protrusion 408 to fit in the inner tube in order to prevent premature intermixing of the two components at the mouth of the tube. Because of the pseudoplastic quality of the gel and/or the memory of the plastic tube, however, such intermixing is not likely to occur. The tubes are filled from the bottom and are (subsequently) sealed together by conventional techniques.
Other alternative packaging arrangements are disclosed in FIGS. 5 and 6. Pressurized container 501 in FIG. 5 is provided with two compartments 502 and 503 and two spouts 504 and 505. The internal pressure of the compartments is maintained by pressurized nitrogen, at the bottom 506 of each compartment. Operation of the mechanical actuator 507 (by pressing downwards) actuates valves 508 and 509 which release the contents of the compartments through the spouts (channels) causing the upwardly slidable sealing disks 510 and 511 (guided by members 512, 513) to move up along the compartments (due to the nitrogen being under pressure). Similar (but conventional) pressurized containers are manufactured for example by American Can Company. A dual compartment container, as described above, would be a modification of the existing containers.
In an alternative pump embodiment depicted in FIGS. 6 and 7 a pressurized container 601 is provided with two compartments 602 and 603, and two spouts 604 and 605 for dispensing the gel and paste. Located within the tube 605 is a first piston 606 which is held in place by the upper surface of the contents within compartment 603 and a tubular extension 607 fitting within the lower portion of spout 605. A spring 608 is under compression and is held in position by the upper conical surface 609 of piston 606 and an inner shelf 601 of the spout 605. Lower pistons 611 and 612 are positioned within the lower portions of compartments 602 and 603 respectively so as to follow the dental material upwardly as it is being dispensed into the spouts 604 and 605 and eventually into nozzle 613. The upper part of container 601 has a reduced diameter to encircle the nozzle 613 and provide for a sliding engagement. Outer cap member 614 is threadedly engaged as at 615, with outer surface of nozzle 613 to effectively seal the container and prevent inadvertent dispensing of dental material as well as a pin 616 which fits snugly into open end of nozzle 613.
In operation, and with cap 614 removed, the user will depress a push button lever 617 (seen in FIG. 7) located outside the container 601. Lever 617 has substantially flat elongated member 618 which projects between spouts 604 and 605 and presses against wall 619 which bridges both spouts. Lever 617 is pivoted about pivot pin 620 affixed to inner wall of container 601. As lever 617 is depressed, member 618 will force spouts 604 and 605 downwardly and subsequently spring 608 as well as piston 606 will be lowered to phantom position (as seen in FIG. 6) causing dental material to flow upwardly within extension 607 and spout 605, mixing with material in spout 604 and through nozzle 613 to the bristles of a toothbrush. As the lever is released, the spring 608 will force nozzle 605 upwardly to its original position against conical portion 621 to container 601. The vacuum created will cause piston 606 to raise upwardly and concomitantly cause lower piston 612 to travel upwardly the distance of the expelled dental material. A spring clip 621 slideably engages inner surface of compartment 603 to allow piston to travel upwardly but be prevented from movement downwardly. Description of compartment 602 and spout 604 with its accompanying component parts operate in a like manner as described above.
The particular packaging arrangement used is not important. Those skilled in the art will be able to fashion several obvious modifications of the containers described herein by way of illustration.
Tubes, such as those suitable for use in accordance with the present invention are usually extruded around a cylindrical mandrel, cut into tube segments of suitable length, fitted with head structures and then filled from the bottom and pressed and/or welded closed, substantially as described in, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 4,060,179 issued on Nov. 29, 1977 to McGhie, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
In the case of the tube-within-a-tube embodiment of the present invention, the outer tube is provided first but it is not closed at the end opposite to that of the closure. The inner tube (also open-ended at the corresponding end) is inserted and fastened to the mouth of the outer tube. The two tubes are then filled and sealed together. A similar tube-within-a-tube arrangement has been proposed and described in U.S. Pat. No. 1,566,218 of Leland and issued on Dec. 15, 1925, incorporated here by reference.
The invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples which are designed merely to illustrate the present invention and not to limit its scope.
In these examples, a hydrogen peroxide gel containing 3-6.5% hydrogen peroxide by weight, useful for simultaneous administration with a sodium bicarbonate paste is prepared as follows:
______________________________________Ingredients______________________________________Hydrogen peroxide, 35% aqueous solution 14.3 parts(5% H2 O2 in final gel)Purified water 84.45Copolymer of acrylic acid crosslinked with 0.51% by weight of polyallyl sucrose having5.8 allyl groups per molecule (CARBOPOL 934made by B. F. Goodrich Chemical Co., Akron,Ohio)Hydroxyethyl cellulose 0.5Triethanolamine 0.25______________________________________
The gel is prepared by combining the hydrogen peroxide solution with the purified water, followed by the gradual addition of CARBOPOL 934. Upon thorough dispersion of the copolymer hydroxyethyl cellulose is slowly added and dissolved. Finally, triethanolamine is added, forming a clear, homogeneous, stable and viscous gel having a pH of 3.4.
______________________________________Ingredients______________________________________Hydrogen peroxide, 35% aq. solution (3.5% H2 O2 10.0 partsin final gel)Distilled or deionized water 88.9Acrylic acid copolymer 0.6CARBOPOL 940 (Goodrich)Hydroxyethylcellulose 0.5Sodium hydroxide, 10% solution q.s. pH 3.8-4.0______________________________________ Preparation: same as that of Example 1.
______________________________________Ingredients______________________________________Hydrogen peroxide, 35% (3.5% H2 O2 10.0 partsin final gel)Distilled or deionized water 89.0Acrylic acid copolymer - 0.7CARBOPOL 941 (Goodrich)Hydroxypropylcellulose 0.3Sodium hydroxide, 10% solution q.s. pH 3.8-4.0______________________________________
Preparation: same as that of Example 1.
______________________________________Ingredients______________________________________Hydrogen peroxide, 35% (4.0% H2 O2 11.5 partsin final gel)Distilled or deionized water 86.65Acrylic acid copolymer - 0.75CARBOPOL 934 (Goodrich)Sodium laurylsulfate, dentifrice grade 0.50Hydroxypropylcellulose 0.6Sodium hydroxide, 10% solution q.s. pH 3.5-4.5______________________________________
The hydrogen peroxide solution is combined with the distilled or deionized water. Sodium laurylsulfate is added under constant agitation and dissolved. Gradually, CARBOPOL 934 is added and dispersed. Hydroxypropylcellulose is added in increments and dissolved. When the mixture is homogeneous, sodium hydroxide is added slowly to the desired pH level and viscosity.
______________________________________Ingredients______________________________________Hydrogen peroxide, 35% (6.0% H2 O2 17.14 partsin final gel)Distilled or deionized water 81.76Acrylic acid copolymer - 0.70CARBOPOL 940 (Goodrich)Hydroxyethylcellulose 0.40Sodium hydroxide, 10% solution q.s. pH 3.5-4.0______________________________________
Preparation: same as that of Example 1.
______________________________________Ingredients______________________________________Hydrogen peroxide, 35% (3.0% H2 O2 8.58 partsin final gel)Distilled or deionized water 89.22Acrylic acid copolymer - 0.70CARBOPOL 934 (Goodrich)Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 0.65Nonionic surfactant PLURONIC F 127 0.85(BASF Corp., New Jersey)Sodium hydroxide, 10% solution q.s. pH 3.5-4.5______________________________________
Preparation: same as that of Example 4.
The sodium bicarbonate paste is prepared as follows:
______________________________________Ingredients______________________________________Deionized water 31.94 partsSorbitol 70% solution, USP 20.0Cellulose gum - CMC 7MF (Hercules) 1.44Sodium saccharin 0.20Magnesium aluminum silicate - VEEGUM F 1.17(made by R. T. Vanderbilt Co.,Inc., Norwalk, Conn.)Sodium bicarbonate, fine powder 40.00Sodium chloride 4.00Sodium lauryl sulfate - dentifrice grade 0.30Peppermint/Spearmint Flavor 0.75Methyl paraben, USP 0.15Propyl paraben, USP 0.05______________________________________
Glycerin and propylene glycol are combined in a first container with agitation. Cellulose gum is added and dispersed thoroughly throughout the mixture. Saccharin, methylparaben and propylparaben are added to the required amount of purified water in a separate container and heated to dissolve. VEEGUM is added and the mixture is agitated until uniform. The contents of the first container are slowly added to the second container and the final mixture is agitated thoroughly until uniform. Flavoring agent, sodium lauryl sulfate and coloring (if desired) are added and the paste is agitated at moderate speed until uniform. Entrapped air is removed by degassing in a vacuum vessel. Further homogeneity may be obtained by milling, if necessary.
______________________________________Ingredients______________________________________Deionized water 33.43 partGlycerin 10.00Propylene glycol 10.0Cellulose gum - CMC 7MF (Hercules) 1.45Sodium saccharin 0.20Magnesium aluminum silicate - VEEGUM F 1.17Sodium bicarbonate, fine powder 25.00Dicalcium phosphate dihydrate 13.50Dicalcium phosphate, anhydrous 1.50Sodium chloride 2.50Sodium lauryl sulfate, dentifrice grade 0.30Methylparaben, USP 0.15Propylparaben, USP 0.05Peppermint/Spearmint Flavor 0.75FD & C Blue No. 1, 0.1% solution q.s.DS & C Yellow No. 6, 0.1% solution q.s.______________________________________
Paste containing fluoride:
______________________________________Ingredients______________________________________Deionized water 33.51Sorbitol, 70% solution 20.00Sodium saccharin 0.20Cellulose gum CMC 7MF (Hercules) 1.54Magnesium aluminum silicate - VEEGUM F 1.17Sodium fluoride 0.33Methyl paraben, USP 0.15Propyl paraben, USP 0.05Calcium sulfate 10.00Sodium bicarbonate 25.00Sodium chloride 2.00Hydrated aluminum oxide 5.00Peppermint/Spearmint Flavor 0.75Sodium lauryl sulfate 0.30______________________________________
Procedure: Same as that of Example 8.
______________________________________Composition 10-AHydrogen peroxide, 35% aqueous solution (4.0% H2 O2 11.5in final gel)Distilled water 86.6Acrylic acid copolymer - Carbopol 934 (Goodrich) 1.5Sodium lauryl sulfate, dentifrice grade 0.1Hydroxypropyl cellulose 0.3Sodium hydroxide, 10% solution q.s. pH 3.0-4.5Composition 10-BHydrogen peroxide, 35% (4.0% H2 O2 in final gel) 11.5Distilled water 88.0Acrylic acid copolymer (Carbopol 934, 940, 1.5941, or 1342)Sodium hydroxide, 10% solution q.s. pH 3.0-4.5Composition 10-CHydrogen peroxide, 35% (4.0% H2 O2 in final gel) 11.5Distilled water 46.0Glycerin, anhydrous 40.0Acrylic acid copolymer - Carbopol 941 2.5______________________________________
Composition 10-A: same as listed in Example 4
Composition 10-B: same as in Example 4 except that sod. lauryl sulfate and hydroxypropyl cellulose were omitted. The composition including Carbopol 1342 has not been actually made.
Composition 10-C: The glycerin and water were combined and heated to 50�-60� C. Very slowly, Carbopol 941 was added under constant agitation.
When a clear gel had formed and no undissolved lumps remained, the gel was cooled to 25� C. and the hydrogen peroxide was added. Agitation was maintained until the mixture became homogeneous. The gel was de-aerated in a vacuum vessel.
______________________________________Composition 11-AGlycerin 25.0Cellulose gum CMC 7MF (Hercules) 1.54Deionized water 32.71Magnesium aluminum silicate Veegum (R. T. Vanderbilt) 1.10Sodium saccharin 0.60Sodium chloride 2.0Methyl paraben 0.15Propyl paraben 0.05(Sodium hydroxide solution 10%, q.s. pH 8.0-8.5,may be added, if necessary for pH adjustment)Sodium fluoride 0.22Bentonite 4.0Titanium dioxide 2.0Silica 4.0Sodium bicarbonate 25.0Flavor (spearmint) 1.0Sodium lauryl sulfate 0.3Color (FDC Blue No. 1) q.s.______________________________________
The cellulose gum was added to the glycerin and dispersed thoroughly.
In a separate vessel, the parabens, sodium saccharin and sodium chloride were dissolved in water at 60�-70� C. To the clear solution was added the Veegum and the mixture was agitated until uniform. The pH of this solution was determined to be 8.0-8.5 (and adjusted, if necessary).
The gum dispersion was added to the Veegum solution and agitated until uniform.
To the blend were added the powders, bentonite, TiO2, silica, NaHCO3, and NaF, under vigorous agitation.
To the paste were added flavor, sodium lauryl sulfate and color.
The finished paste is milled and degassed in a vacuum vessel.
______________________________________Composition 13-A______________________________________Urea peroxide (35% H2 O2 equivalent) 10.0 parts by weightGlycerin, anhydrous 90.0______________________________________
Method: Urea peroxide is slowly added under agitation to the anhydrous glycerin until a clear gel is formed which has s suitable consistency for filling into collapsible tubes.
______________________________________Composition 13-B______________________________________Urea peroxide 10.0Acrylic acid copolymers - Carbopol 941 1.5Glycerin, anhydrous 88.5______________________________________
The method is the same as that for 13-A except the urea peroxide and Carbopol 941 are both added to the glycerin solution.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate that many additions, deletions, modifications and substitutions are possible within the spirit of the present invention and the scope of the following claims.
Patent Citations
Non-Patent Citations
Referenced by
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Original Image


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The hypnotic wonder of fast cars slowed down
Richard Morris's supercar photography has been featured here on Jalopnik before. It turns out he shoots, edits, and produces video too. This is his showreel for 2011. His images of a Lotus on a B road, an Ariel Atom on a racetrack—or vice versa!—have a way of wishing away office partitions for an endless spring… »

subset: commoncrawl


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Sports » Page 6
Sticky seats? California ballparks get creative to conserve
California's ballparks are experimenting with all sorts of different ways to cut back on water use amid the state's historic drought.
Warriors go small, even Finals
The Golden State Warriors got faster and played a little harder to even the series 2-2.
Pro wrestling luminary Dusty Rhodes dead at 69
The charismatic bleach-blond Texan billed himself as "The American Dream" and won millions of fans during a long career in professional wrestling.
Klinsmann sets U.S. on path to higher goals
After stunning wins over two European superpowers, coach Juergen Klinsmann's "get-tough" policy of taking on the world's best appears to be vindicated.
Friday's Sports Minute
A look at some of the big sports headlines making news today, Friday, June 12.
Armstrong: I'm portrayed as 'cycling's Voldemort'
The disgraced cycling star will still ride parts of this year's Tour de France for charity despite not feeling very popular in the world of sport.
Baseball, softball apply for 2020 Olympic Games
The sports hope to earn back the spot they lost after 2008.
All tied up: Saad's winner helps even series
The story of the Stanley Cup finals continues to be the power of one.
How well do Warriors 'fans' know their team?
There's bandwagon fans, and then there's people who don't know Stevie Nicks and Lindsey Buckingham are from Fleetwood Mac and not the NBA.
Thursday's Sports Minute
Here's a look at some of the big sports stories making headlines today, Thursday, June 11.
French Open 'grunts' set to music
You'll never listen to tennis the same way again.
American Medical Association adopts youth sports concussion policy
The policies are intended to lower the risk of brain injuries and call for prompt diagnosis and medical care.
NBA Finals: Top 5 plays of Game 3
LeBron James and the Cleveland Cavaliers are halfway to the first championship in franchise history.
FIFA to kick off Blatter succession process in July
Scandal-hit FIFA will hold an extraordinary executive committee meeting to discuss the election to replace president Sepp Blatter, who announced his resignation last week.
Wednesday's Sports Minute
A look at some of the big sports stories making headlines today, Wednesday, June 10.
WATCH: John Oliver's FIFA challenge
The "Last Week Tonight" host makes good on his promise.
Need a ride? Call a Dolphin
Call for an Uber driver and you may get a Dolphin ... a Miami Dolphin.
MLB: Swanson taken first overall
The Arizona Diamondbacks have used the first overall pick in the Major League baseball draft to take slugging Vanderbilt shortstop…
Lightning strikes to take series lead
Tampa Bay shrugged off beat the Blackhawks 3-2, giving them a 2-1 lead in the Stanley Cup Final.
Americans bring Women's World Cup to life
The United States rose to the top of the "Group of Death" with a 3-1 win over Australia in front of a raucous crowd.


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TV Info
Episode PremiereAugust 23, 2008
DistributorCartoon Network, Viz Media
GenreAnimation, Action, Adventure
Show Period2002 - 2008
Production CompanyStudio Pierrot Co. Ltd.
Cast and Crew
DirectorHayato Date
Main Cast
- Steve Blum
- Maile Flanagan
- Steve Staley
- Nana Mizuki
- Kentaro Ito
- Yasuyuki Kase
- Koichi Tochika
- Akiko Koike
- Rumi Ochiai
- Naoki Sakata
- Nozomu Sasaki
- Richard Cansino
- Mary Elizabeth McGlynn
- Liam O'Brien
- Robbie Rist
- Stephanie Sheh
Additional Cast
- Julia Fletcher
- Troy Baker
- Peter Doyle
Naruto is stopped in his tracks by the second evil ninja, Jiga. Hinata rushes in to help, only to have Jiga threaten harm to Naruto if she doesn't reveal Princess Haruna's whereabouts. But Hinata resists the threats and begins to fight!


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Main Phone Number
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Dukane Seacom Locator Beacons
Dukane Seacom is the world's leading supplier of FAA qualified high-impact underwater acoustic beacons to the commercial airline industry. The Dukane Seacom underwater acoustic beacons are used on the majority of the global aircraft fleet, NASA, worldwide military, helicopter operators, offshore oil industries, maritime/shipping, oceanographers and marine biologists. Additional products include custom acoustic locating systems, beacon test equipment, and underwater receiving systems.
With over 30 years of acoustic beacon design and manufacturing experience for the commercial and military markets, the Dukane Seacom beacons are designed to provide outstanding performance and reliability the aviation and maritime industries require.
DK Series Underwater Acoustic Beacons carry the tradition of the N15F210B, but with the addition of an extended useful life. These beacons are designed and certified to
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and can operate to a depth of 20,000 feet.
Test Sets and Overhaul Kits are also available to verify operation and perform in-field maintenance. Dukane Seacom also offers complete overhaul and repair service for the acoustic beacon products. Please
contact us
for specific repair/overhaul questions. The DK100/DK130 beacons are sealed units and must be sent back to Dukane for overhaul exchange. The DK120/DK140 beacons, have a field replaceable battery. To determine when your battery is due for replacement, locate the expiration date (the RBB date) on the label. Replacement batteries and battery change tooling can be ordered from our distribution partner.
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certified to the new 90-day operating life requirement, is now available. This beacon provides a minimum of 90 day underwater operating life and is certified to
TSO-C121b & TSO-C142a and ESO ETSO-C121b & ETSO-C142a
. An exchange program is available to upgrade existing 30-day DK-Series to the new 90-day beacon. Please contact our distribution partner for details.
Learn more»
Dukane Seacom now offers
90-Day Marine
beacons as well, the DKM502/90. Qualified to the same environments as its predecessor, it offers 90 days of underwater operating life.
Radiant Power Corp will soon complete development activities on our newest line of acoustic beacons, the DK180. The DK180 will be certified to TSO-C200 for Airframe Low Frequency Beacons.
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Media 100 update adds HD playback, new codec, more
updated 02:35 pm EST, Mon March 14, 2005
Media 100 HD 10.1
Media 100 has announced the release of . Version 10.1 now includes a new Media 100 software codec and other key enhancements that make the 10-bit-uncompressed Macintosh-based system "even more powerful and unique" for projects that use HD, SD, or require real-time mixing of different codecs in the same timeline. Key New Features of version 10.1 include a new Media 100 software codec, QuickTime V out support, and real-time HD playback for flip, flop and color effects using a draft mode. Media 100 HD is available now, with the Version 10.1 software expected to be available this week. Pricing for complete Media 100 HD system configurations is available from Media 100's resellers and depends upon SD and HD editing requirements and the amount of high-speed media storage required.


text:
Originally written on Fox Sports | Last updated 11/5/12
The new chairman of the Grizzlies said he ''fully understands'' that the people of Memphis really own the NBA team, even though he's the controlling owner. Robert J. Pera introduced himself Monday morning along with the new chief executive officer of Memphis Basketball, LLC, the group that bought the Grizzlies from Michael Heisley for $377 million in a sale finalized last week. The 34-year-old former Apple engineer who started his own communications technology company in 2005 described himself as an NBA ''super fan.'' ''I believe it's the greatest sport in the world just from a fan perspective, from a player's perspective,'' Pera said. ''Memphis as a city, it's unbelievable. The people have been great. I can tell the community is really special, and those two things combined I consider myself very, very fortunate. Probably the luckiest man in the world right now.'' The Grizzlies' new owners held the news conference in the lobby of the FedExForum and it was open to the public. The...
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Amnesty Internation's verdict on Nigeria's rights human record: Situation deteriorating, worrisome
Barring the unforeseen, the 2012 report of Amnesty International on the state of the World's Human Rights will be launched on May 24. The 400-page document containing reports in 155 countries, has given a damning verdict on Nigeria's record.
The police continued to commit human rights violations, including unlawful killings, torture and other ill-treatment, and enforced disappearances. The justice system was under-resourced and riddled with delays. Prisons were overcrowded; the majority of inmates were pre-trial detainees, some held for many years. Approximately 920 people were on death row, many sentenced after unfair trials. No executions were reported. The security situation in the Niger Delta deteriorated during the year. Human rights defenders and journalists continued to face intimidation and harassment. Violence against women remained widespread and the government failed to protect the rights of children. Forced evictions continued across the country.
President Umaru Musa Yar'Adua died in May following a long illness, and was succeeded by Goodluck Jonathan, his deputy, who had been acting President since February.
The Chairman of the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC), Prof Maurice Iwu was removed in April and replaced in June with Prof Attahiru Jega. Elections were scheduled for January 2011, then postponed to April 2011.
Widespread political violence linked to the 2011 elections led to the deaths of dozens of people. Among those killed were candidates, their family members, and supporters.
On December 31, at least 13 people were killed and many more injured when a bomb exploded inside the Sani Abacha military barracks in Abuja, the Federal Capital Territory (FCT).
Plateau State
Between January 17 and 20, more than 300 people were killed in religious and ethnic violence in and around the Tin City of Jos, the Plateau State capital; over 10,000 people were displaced and thousands of shops and homes were destroyed. On March 7, more than 200 people, including women and children were killed by armed men when the villages of Dogo Nahawa, Zot, and Ratsat were attacked. Homes and properties were razed, and thousands displaced.
At least three bombs exploded in and around Jos on December 24 , killing 80 and injuring many. The bombings triggered further violence in and around the city, leaving dozens dead and many injured. Several buildings were also torched.
A Presidential Advisory Committee established in February to investigate the violence reported to President Jonathan in August. He pledged to implement the Committee's recommendations, but the report was not made public. The findings of earlier investigations into violence in 2008 had not been published by the end of 2010.
Boko Haram
Between July and December, more than 30 people were killed in Borno State by people believed to be members of the sect commonly known as Boko Haram. Many of the attacks targeted the police. Six people were killed on December 24 when suspected Boko Haram members attacked two churches in Maiduguri, the Borno state capital.
Hundreds of soldiers were deployed to Borno in October. On November 22, a police spokesperson announced that more than 170 people had been arrested by the police in the preceding six weeks. Many were transferred to Abuja; by the end of the year most remained in police detention and had yet to be produced in court.
On December 31, the police announced they had arrested additional 92 suspected members of the sect.
Members of Boko Haram also carried out attacks in Bauchi and Yobe states, killing at least five policemen. In September, a group of suspected Boko Haram members attacked Bauchi Federal Prison and freed over 700 inmates. At least 123 of the inmates were said to be mebers of the dreaded sect.
A committee set up in August 2009 to investigate the Boko Haram crisis of July 2009 in which over 700 people died did not make their findings public throughout 2010. In April, the High Court, Borno state ordered the police to pay compensation in the case of Alhaji Baba Fugu, who was extrajudicially executed in police custody during the 2009 crisis. An appeal by the police against the decision had not been heard by the end of the year.
Abia State
Criminal gangs kidnapped scores of people, including children, in Abia state, sometimes for a ransom as little as N10,000 ( about $65). According to the Nigerian Medical Association (NMA), 21 doctors were kidnapped. On September 29, the army was deployed to Abia state. On October 12, the Joint Task Force (JTF), made up of troops from the army, navy, air force and the mobile police, announced that they had killed 172 suspected members of kidnapping gangs in shoot-outs, and arrested 237. Non Governmental Organisation (NGOs) estimated that hundreds of people were killed by security forces in Abia state in 2010.
Unlawful killings and
enforced disappearances.
In February, senior government ministers called for reform of the Nigeria Police and an improved complaints mechanism. However, no further action was taken.
Widespread disregard for human rights and due process within the police force continued. Hundreds of people were killed by the police in 2010. Many were unlawfully killed before or during arrest in the street or at roadblocks, or subsequently in police detention. Many other people disappeared after arrest. A large proportion of these unlawful killings appeared to be extra-judicial executions. Most perpetrators remained unpunished. In May, an NGO- th Legal Defence and Assistance Project (LEDAP) estimated that in 2009, at least 1,049 people had been killed by the police.
Police officers at a checkpoint in Ilorin, Kwara state, shot and killed a nursing mother and her eight-month-old baby in January. Four police officers were arrested.
In April, police opened fire at protesters in Ajegunle, Lagos, killing four people. They had been protesting at the death of one Charles Okafor, who died after police beat him during a raid on a viewing centre where he had been watching a football match.
In June, Assistant Superintendent of Police, Boniface Ukwa, was shot dead by policemen at a roadblock in Enugu. He was off duty and not in uniform. The police subsequently claimed that he was killed in a shoot-out with kidnappers.
The police were ordered to pay compensation in some cases, including that of Kausarat Saliu, a three-year-old-girl shot dead in April 2009 at a roadblock in Lagos, while travelling with her parents in a commercial bus.
Torture and other ill-treatment.
Police routinely tortured suspects, including children. In March, the then Attorney-General and Minister of Justice of the Federation formally accepted the draft National Anti-Torture Policy. No further action was taken.
Detainees were regularly held by the police for longer than the constitutionally guaranteed 48 hours before being brought before a judge, often for weeks and even months.
Shete Obusoh and Chijioke Olemeforo were arrested by police officers from the Special Anti-Robbery Squad on October 4 and spent 17 days in police detention before being taken to court and remanded in prison on October 21. They alleged being hung from the ceiling in the police station and beaten with gun butts and machetes while in cutody.
Justice system
Seventy per cent of Nigeria's nearly 48,000 prison inmates were pre-trial detainees. Many had been held for years awaiting trial in appalling conditions. Few could afford a lawyer and the government-funded Legal Aid Council had only 122 lawyers for the whole country.
At the end of 2010, most justice sector reform bills were still pending before the National Assembly. A Bill strengthening the National Human Rights Commission made progress but had not been sent for Presidential assent by the end of the year.
The courts continued to be riddled with delays.
In August, the Federal High Court in Port Harcourt ordered the police to produce Chika Ibeku, declaring his detention without charge or bail unlawful. It took three months before the court issued the order and began serving the named police officials. The habeas corpus application had been filed by the Nigeria Bar Association Human Rights Institute in May 2009.
Death penalty
No fewer than 920 people were on death row, including eight women, 10 prisoners over the age of 70, and more than 20 who were under 18 at the time of the offence. No executions were reported. Many death row inmates were sentenced to death following blatantly unfair trials or after spending more than a decade in prison awaiting trial.
Following meetings of the National Council of States (NCS) and the National Economic Council (NEC) in April and June, chaired by the President and his deputy respectively, state governors announced their intention to review all cases of death row inmates and to sign execution warrants in order to reduce prison congestion.
Niger Delta
The improved security situation brought about by the presidential amnesty granted to members of armed groups in 2009 had deteriorated by the end of 2010. Armed groups and gangs kidnapped dozens of oil workers and their relatives, including children, and attacked several oil installations. The security forces, including the military, continued to commit human rights violations in the Niger Delta, including extra-judicial executions, torture and other ill-treatment, and destruction of homes.
On December 1, following clashes between the JTF and an armed group in Delta state, the JTF razed the nearby community of Ayokoromo. At least 120 homes were destroyed. The JTF claimed nine villagers were killed but community leaders and NGOs put the death toll at 51, including women and children.
In January, the Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta (MEND) called off its ceasefire, which had been in place since October 2009. In March, two bombs exploded in Warri, Delta state, killing at least one person. In October, three car bombs exploded at the Eagle Square, Abuja, disrupting Nigeria's Independence Day anniversary celebrations and killing 12 people. MEND claimed responsibility.
In January, two workers at Chevron's gas plant, Escravos, in Delta state, were shot dead. Members of the JTF, who had been guarding the facility, allegedly drove past and opened fire as the workers were leaving the plant. Chevron paid the families of the two men compensation, but did not accept any responsibility for the killings.
Pollution and environmental damage caused by the oil firms continued to have a serious impact on the people living in the Niger Delta. Laws and regulations to protect the environment were poorly enforced. Government agencies responsible for enforcement were ineffective and, in some cases, compromised by conflicts of interest. Communities in the Niger Delta frequently had no access to vital information about the impact of the oil industry on their lives.
•On May 1, crude oil from a leaking pipe from an offshore platform of ExxonMobil's Qua Iboe oilfield reached the shores of the Ibeno community, Akwa Ibom state.
Violence against women
Violence against women remained pervasive, including domestic violence, rape and other forms of sexual violence by state officials and private individuals. The authorities consistently failed to exercise due diligence in preventing and addressing sexual violence by both state and non-state actors, leading to an entrenched culture of impunity.
Maryam Mohammed Bello and Halima Abdu were presented in court in February and remanded in prison after spending one year in police detention in Maiduguri, where they said they were repeatedly raped. Both women became pregnant while in police custody. The women were eventually bailed in October.
Children's rights
By the end of the year, 12 of the 36 states still had not passed the Child Rights Act. Children were routinely detained with adults in police and prison cells. Only one of the country's three remand homes was functioning. It was overcrowded, with approximately 600 children held in facilities designed for 200.
Government provision for homeless and vulnerable children remained inadequate with over one million street children across the country.
By the end of 2010, no investigation had been carried out into the violent clash involving the Kala-Kato Islamic sect on December 29, 2009 in Bauchi, which left at least 38 people dead, 22 of them were children. Many were reportedly shot by the police.
Freedom of expression
Human rights defenders and journalists continued to face intimidation and harassment. Several human rights defenders and journalists were threatened and beaten by police and security forces, and at least two were killed in suspicious circumstances. By the end of 2010, the Freedom of Information (FoI) Bill first presented in 1999, had not been passed by the National Assembly.
In March, the Shari'a Court in Magajin Gari, Kaduna, ordered the Civil Rights Congress (CRC) to stop its online forum from debating the amputation of the right hand of Mallam Bello Jangebe 10 years earlier.
On April 24, Edo Sule Ugbagwu, a senior judiciary correspondent with The Nation newspaper, was killed in Lagos by unknown gunmen. By the end of the year, no one had been brought to justice for his killing.
On December 29, human rights activist Chidi Nwosu was shot dead by unknown gunmen in his house in Abia State. He was President of the Human Rights, Justice and Peace Foundation and was known for his work against corruption and human rights abuses.
Forced evictions
Forced evictions continued throughout country. They were carried out without genuine consultation, adequate notice and compensation or alternative accommodation. More than 200,000 people remained at risk of forced eviction in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, as a result of the state government's plans to demolish the city's Waterfront communities.
On December 23, at least one person died and several others were injured when armed police officers opened fire during a forced eviction in Makoko community in Lagos. The police, attached to the Lagos State's Environmental Task Force, were accompanying the Kick Against Indiscipline (KAI) Brigade, to demolish structures in the area. It was the second time in 2010 that Makoko residents faced eviction from their homes. In April, the KAI had forcibly evicted hundreds of people from their homes in Makoko.
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What Boko Haram and NADECO have in common
As we watched troubled President Goodluck Ebele Jonathan in his black kaftan with black cap behind the distraught emir of Kano last week, it was ... Full story


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Term: 2014 —2017
Karl Stern joined Quinn Emanuel's Houston Office in 2014. Karl has had over 30 years of extensive experience, trying cases to juries, courts, and arbitrators within state and federal courts throughout the U.S. and before domestic and international arbitral tribunals. Many of his cases deal with complex transactions in the energy industry, which include joint ventures, international gas investments, gas and power trading and marketing, and the development, acquisition, sale and ownership of oil, gas, renewable energy, and power assets. Karl's cases also involve mergers and acquisitions, finance, corporate, LLC, and partnership governance, and shareholder rights. The Best Lawyers in America has recognized Karl Stern in the practice areas of business litigation, alternative dispute resolution, and antitrust.


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For unto us a (grand)child is born, unto us a (granddaughter) is given!
Please welcome Miss Devin Torino-Margolis, born this 21st day of August, 2010, in New York City (in the same hospital where I, Steve, was born, lo these 73 years ago).
Devin enters this world weighing five pounds, seven ounces, in excellent fighting trim with all of the necessary and expected female-human appurtenances. Mother, Jenny, has a very slight fever, but is otherwise as well as a c-section leaves one. Father, Dr. Ben, is shuttling madly between nursery and wife's bedside. Otherwise, all is well.
Excellent news, Steve, and welcome to baby Devin! Glad to hear all is well.
Congrats Steve. Glad to read that Mom and Baby are doing fine. I have several myself and one great granddaughter. I love them all.
More congratulations from the Northern Plains!
"Placement is power" -- seen in an article by Stephen A. Camp
(RIP, Mr. Camp; you will be remembered, and missed)
Congrats Steve! A great feeling isn't it. Just got a new one 10 days ago! )
Bruce, Life Member: NRA, NCRPA, GRNC, GOA
Naval Air Museum Barbers Point
"I personally think we developed language because of our deep inner need to complain."--Jane Wagner
"The saddest aspect of life right now is that science gathers knowledge faster than society gathers wisdom."
-Isaac Asimov
Great news!
1911 Buyer's Reference Guide Revised 2009-12-26
Guns, Guns, and More Gosh Darn Guns(My Blog)
Congratulationsm Grand Children are great,
Now tell us what hideaway gun you have for her?
Originally Posted by barnesrl
Congrats Steve! A great feeling isn't it. Just got a new one 10 days ago! )
My congratulations to you, as well!
Originally Posted by TOF
Congratulationsm Grand Children are great,
Now tell us what hideaway gun you have for her?
Not now. All in good time. And not while they still live in New York City, either.
(But for certain, it'll be in .45 ACP.)
Congratulations Steve. Best wishes to your new and improved family.
Congradualtions on your grandchild and the new mom. May she be healthy her whole life and bring many years of joy to you and your wife.
Grand children are a parents revenge on thier children for the grey hairs given.
Congrats Steve. Hope all continues well for mother and child.
Originally Posted by tony pasley
Grand children are a parents revenge on thier children for the grey hairs given.
True, Tony...
Take 'em to the zoo and have a wonderful time. Then fill 'em full of sugar and hand 'em back to the parents.
But instead, I intend to teach her to shoot.
Congratulations...hope you get to hold her soon.
My grand daughter is 5 she is a horse rider with pink saddle and her own pink rifle and pink cammo outfits.
Well, I've got five years to catch up.
Forum Rules


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Gratitude – The Key That Opens the Gateway to Abundance
"Gratitude unlocks the fullness of life. It turns what we have into enough, and more. It turns denial into acceptance, chaos to order, confusion to clarity. It can turn a meal into a feast, a house into a home, a stranger into a friend." ~ Melody Beattie
10 Food Facts That May Surprise You
From the color of foods to their fat content and nutritional value, there are facts about what we consume, their origin and manufacture which is not common knowledge and rarely promoted as truth. Here are 10 food facts that still surprise the majority.
The Giza Pyramids – Unravelling the Mystery
Over the course of my life (I am sixty-five) there have been many theories as to how the pyramids at Giza had been constructed. Most of those theories have been proffered by Egyptologists, but others outside of archaeology have also theorized as to how they were constructed. One of the most inspired and intriguing theories of recent times was put forward by Jean-Pierre Houdin some years ago.
The Evidence That Consciousness Creates Reality: Welcome To The Matrix
Does consciousness create the material world? Before we answer this question, it's important to first go into what the material world is actually composed of at a fundamental level. "Reality" is not simply made of tiny physical pieces, like a bunch of marbles or tiny little bowling balls. Molecules are made out of atoms, and atoms are made out of subatomic particles such as protons and electrons which are 99.99999% empty space and electrical spin.
What is Enlightenment?
My most passionate plea is for you to wake up to your true self as pure awareness. We have all heard it said that you are not a human being having a spiritual experience, but instead, you are a spiritual being having a human experience. Yet you are not a being of any kind, spiritual or physical.
Do We Plan Our Lives Before We Are Born?
The theory that we plan our lives was something I had never heard of before 2011. Up until that point, I could not have even imagined such a thing. Even after hearing about it 3 years ago, it took me quite a long time to let this concept into my paradigm.
Karma Cleanse
When we hear the word karma, we often hear it in the context of having done something "bad" and its consequence of justice served, well-deserved. This is a rather small vision of what karma actually is.
A clearer short explanation is that the word karma in Sanskrit principally means action…and as we know, because we dont live in a vacuum, every action has its resulting reaction hence creating a circle of cause and effect.
10 Qualities Every Human Being Should Have
"I decided, very early on, just to accept life unconditionally; I never expected it to do anything special for me, yet I seemed to accomplish far more than I had ever hoped. Most of the time it just happened to me without my ever seeking it." ~ Audrey Hepburn
10 Reasons to Love Your Homeopath
Lots of people who swear by homeopathic medicines, but a small group thinks they should be banned. In the book "Think Like a Freak", authors Steven Levitt and Stephen Dubner tell us that the three hardest words in the English language are "I don't know." These three words are the reason for arguments against homeopathy.
Turning Adversity Into Alchemy
"All adversities are here to help you. They can become instruments of your progress." ~ Swami Rama
Would you return a really expensive gift from a friend that you've coveted for ages? What about the opportunity to uncover one of your own personal assets, long hidden by years of accumulated dust and wanton negligence? As odd as it seems, adversity is as valuable as any material gain, and more potent than power or prestige. You can turn a huge upset in life into pure gold.
'What is Love?' – Why We Need to Reframe the Big Questions
Sometimes, I come across a piece of information, a statement or happening from around the world that knocks me for six. An event that signals the direction in which humanity is heading. The sort of harbinger that I like to imagine Orwell, Huxley or Bradbury used as inspiration. While the media fixes its lens firmly upon the latest war zone, little alarm bells are ringing in our living rooms.
30 Life Changing Lessons to Learn from Thích Nh?t H?nh
When I think of Thích Nh?t H?nh, words like – stillness, love, compassion, peace and oneness, come to mind. And even though these are some really beautiful and powerful words, they somehow can't really express the beautiful, pure and loving feelings that I get from reading Thích Nh?t H?nh's books and watching his beautiful videos.


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Environmental Issues: Oceans
Oceans Main Page
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- Restoring the San Joaquin River
Revitalizing communities, resurrecting salmon populations, and catalyzing change in California water management
- In the 1940s, a giant dam nearly killed California's San Joaquin River and its legendary salmon run. A court ruling could bring the river back to life, restoring the salmon fishery, providing clean irrigation water for farms and improving drinking water quality for millions of Californians.
- Picturing Smart Growth
Visions for Sustainable Communities Across America
Cities and towns across the country are embracing smart growth as a better solution to meet the needs of their growing populations. Smart growth principles accommodate growth and development while saving open space, revitalizing neighborhoods and helping cool the planet. See visions created through photo-editing software for how 70 communities across the country could apply smart growth principles to improve their streets and neighborhoods.
- Whale Songs in the City
Whales have been recorded singing near New York harbor, but noise pollution and shipping traffic put them at risk
- Whales have been recorded singing near New York harbor, but noise pollution puts them at risk.
- New Orleans Environmental Quality Test Results
- Results of NRDC's monitoring for mold, contaminated soil, particulates and other substances of health concern in the New Orleans area following Hurricane Katrina.
For additional policy documents, see the NRDC Document Bank.
For older publications available only in print, click here.
Get Updates and Alerts
Oceans on Switchboard
NRDC experts write about the growing risks to the health of our oceans on the NRDC blog.
Recent Oceans Posts
- Offshore Drilling: Dirty, Dangerous, and Unnecessary
- posted by Franz Matzner, 5/14/15
- New York Assembly Passes Strong Microbeads Bill to Reduce Plastic Pollution
- posted by Ali Chase, 4/29/15
- Members of Congress Take Action to Protect Coastal Communities from Risky Offshore Drilling and Worsening Climate Change Impacts
- posted by Alexandra Adams, 4/22/15
NRDC Gets Top Ratings from the Charity Watchdogs
- Charity Navigator awards NRDC its 4-star top rating.
- Worth magazine named NRDC one of America's 100 best charities.
- NRDC meets the highest standards of the Wise Giving Alliance of the Better Business Bureau.


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"A super fudgy and chewy chocolate cookie. To make milk sour, add two teaspoons of vinegar to a cup of milk and let it sit for five minutes."
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2 2/3 cups
all-purpose flour
1 teaspoon
baking soda
1/2 teaspoon
1/2 cup
1/2 cup
1 1/2 cups
brown sugar
2 teaspoons
vanilla extract
4 (1 ounce) squares
unsweetened chocolate, chopped
1 cup
sour milk
Beautiful recipe. Delicious, as well as super easy to make. I added some orange zest and juice because I had no vanilla on hand and sprinkled icing sugar on top for decoration. I'm looking forward to making it exactly to recipe next time for pure chocolatey goodness. Thanks!
These are easy, good cookies. The problem is, there isn't a lot of flavor. I'd recommend adding some sort of chips to the batter - chocolate, peanut butter, mint, etc.
7 Ratings
Despite what other reviewers said, these weren't chocolatey enough for me. Still after my first tray full, they were a great way to use up leftover chips. I mixed some dough with mint chips, some with butterscotch and some with chocolate chips and walnuts and cooked up the rest of the batch. Not bad.
These are more of a cake-y cookie. After trying the first batch that came out I was tempted to put the dough in a deep pan and bake like a cake or make muffins... I don't know if something didn't go well or that's the way they should be. Flavor was OK.
These have a good chocolate flavor.
* Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet.
Fudgy Chocolate Drops
Serving Size: 1/96 of a recipe
Servings Per Recipe: 96
Amount Per Serving
Calories: 52
Calories from Fat: 25
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Kabila came to power in May 1997 following a Uganda- and Rwanda-sponsored rebellion against former dictator Mobutu Sese Seko. Kabila's hold over the army has grown increasingly tenuous in recent months, with some troops reportedly threatening to revolt over pay demands. Young recruits make as little as $10 a month.
After the shooting, state television broadcast an appeal for calm by presidential aide Eddy Kapend. Local journalists witnessed Kapend being escorted by Angolan soldiers, who in recent months have played a dominant role in Kabila's alliance of Congolese and foreign troops.
The conflicting reports on Kabila's death came hours after witnesses described gunfire around his home. A presidential helicopter later landed at Kinshasa's main hospital, a government official who witnessed the event said, adding there were unconfirmed reports that the aircraft was carrying Joseph Kabila, who had apparently been injured.
The Life of a Rebel
The elder Kabila has been fighting a civil war since August 1998, when rebel forces backed by his former allies, Rwanda and Uganda, turned against him. In the war's early stages, the rebels reached the outskirts of Kinshasa before being turned back by Kabila's army, which is now supported by Angola, Namibia and Zimbabwe.
Speaking from Brussels, Kin-Kiey Mulumba, a spokesman for one of the main rebel movements, insisted Kabila was dead. The shooting proved that the Congolese people wanted a change, he said, denying that rebels had anything to do with it.
"Something big happened in our country this afternoon. People want change," he said Tuesday.
The world community initially welcomed Kabila, who many hoped would be an improvement over Mobutu's decades-long rule, which left his nation desperately broke and with an infrastructure that barely functioned.
But Kabila quickly alienated himself, inviting close friends and
relatives into the government, angering investors and obstructing a
U.N. investigation of reports that his rebel army had slaughtered
thousands of Hutu refugees.


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Need to know: CV cliches Why you can`t find a jobHF interviews
Australian retailers are rushing to establish themselves on the internet, hoping to stem the leakage to overseas websites as consumers take advantage of a strong Australian dollar.
But that backfired this week when the websites of Australia's two leading department stores, David Jones and Myer, crashed during promotional sales offering steep discounts.
A shopper backlash was also sparked when a so-called "Click Frenzy" 24-hour sale, involving big name brands such as Toys R Us and Pumpkin Patch, saw its website fail for several hours on Tuesday night because of the large numbers of people logging in for bargains.
Australian retailers may have little to cheer about this Christmas with a new survey showing consumers are set to tighten their purse strings in the lead-up to the biggest gift-giving season.
Business information company Dun & Bradstreet's Consumer Credit Expectations Survey for the December quarter found that half of Australian households were less likely to spend on non-essential items in coming months and 56% of Australians were concerned about their financial security. The survey of 1,216 people also found almost a third of households were more likely to put saving above spending than they were 12 months ago.
That's bad news for businesses looking to Christmas "to drive an uplift in sales," Danielle Woods, general manager at Dun & Bradstreet, said in a statement.
Australians with a sweet tooth who are desperate to try Maria Sharapova's candy line, Sugarpova, don't have long to wait.
Deal Journal Australia can reveal department store David Jones Ltd. will carry the brand exclusively for six months from its local launch which will occur during the summer of tennis, which peaks at the start of the Australian Open on January 14, 2013.
After losing to top seed Victoria Azarenka in the final of the China Open on Sunday, Sharapova confirmed Sugarpova would launch in Australia, but didn't specify details. "Next year will be a really big step in us going into different markets," she told reporters in Beijing.
Australia's corporate regulator said Tuesday it's examining an aborted 1.65 billion Australian dollar (US$1.69 billion) takeover approach received by upmarket department store chain David Jones from a U.K. entity that drove large movements in its share price.
"Consistent with its usual practice, ASIC is looking at potential issues regarding disclosure and trading in David Jones stock both by domestic and international parties," said the Australian Securities & Investments Commission, or ASIC, in a statement.
David Jones said Monday EB Private Equity has withdrawn its proposed 1.65 billion Australian dollar (US$1.69 billion) takeover approach.
David Jones said in a statement EB Private Equity had said in a letter that recent publicity around its proposal made it difficult to proceed.
The upmarket department store operator said it had requested on Friday further information from EB Private Equity and offered to discuss the proposal.
"In the light of today's advice of a withdrawal of the proposal, no discussions are anticipated," David Jones said.
This post has been updated.
Four hours after announcing the receipt of an unsolicited approach, department-store retailer David Jones revealed the interested party is U.K.-based EB Private Equity.
EB Private Equity's identity was revealed on a U.K. finance blog which reported that the group lobbed a 1.1 billion pound (US$1.7 billion) for the prominent Australian department store chain David Jones.
"EBPE's proposal is said by EBPE to be A$1,650 million for a 100% acquisition of David Jones and described in the letter received by the Company as being based upon "$850 million of equity provided by the EBPE led consortium, $450 million of lending provided by a syndicate of banks and investment institutions and $450 million in residual equity for the existing David Jones shareholders, a portion of this residual equity shall be underwritten," David Jones' statement to the Australian Securities Exchange said.
Christmas may have come early for Australia's discretionary retailers, thanks to a long-anticipated takeover approach for upmarket department store chain David Jones.
Apart from sending the target's shares up 16% it also helped Myer, JB Hi-Fi and Harvey Norman shares jump 2-5% in early trade.
Investors shouldn't be getting too excited though: details of the offer are scant. All they know is that a "non-incorporated" entity from the U.K. has written an "unsolicited" letter to the company expressing an interest in making a mystery-sized bid.
Macquarie analyst Greg Dring reckons David Jones could be a leveraged buyout candidate thanks to its exposure to Australian real estate.
The broker said that the dramatic decline in the retailer's fiscal-2012 earnings has created a pricing dynamic whereby shareholders could realize value by selling out to LBO players such as private equity.
Mr. Dring pointed out David Jones owns its flagship Sydney and Melbourne stores which carry a book value of around 460 million Australian dollars (US$449 million), but that Macquarie estimates may be worth A$750 million.
The trading outlook may be bleak for upmarket Australian department store David Jones in the near term, but that doesn't mean it will be left on the hanger to gather dust.
According to Bank of America Merrill Lynch, prospective suitors might want to look past the lax retailing environment on focus on David Jones's potential as a property play.
A series of profit downgrades pinned on fragile consumer confidence and a strong Australian dollar attracting customers to the Internet has driven down David Jones shares to a point where the valuation makes the company an interesting takeover candidate.
Department store David Jones has certainly rocked one boat enough to be tossed aboard.
The retailer has been part of Goldman Sachs' Structural Leaders model core portfolio — a long-term, long-only, low-turnover portfolio of ideas which are poised to earn superior returns due to competitive advantages and management of environment, social and governance (ESG) issues — since its inception in November 2010.
Deal Journal Australia is an up-to-the-minute take on the deals and deal makers that shape the Australian landscape, including mergers and acquisitions, capital raisings, private equity and debt markets. In short, wherever money changes hands. Deal Journal Australia is updated throughout each trading day with exclusive commentary, analysis, data, news flashes and profiles. The Wall Street Journal's Gillian Tan is the lead writer, with contributions from other Journal and Dow Jones reporters and editors. Send news items, comments and questions to email@example.com.
Content engaging our readers now, with additional prominence accorded if the story is rapidly gaining attention. Our WSJ algorithm comprises 30% page views, 20% Facebook, 20% Twitter, 20% email shares and 10% comments.
FINS has become a part of DHI in order to improve your job search experience. eFinancialCareers will provide you with the best possible service, the best job opportunities and editorial content and the best talent. With our long track record of helping finance professionals develop their career, from graduating to landing top positions in the industry, we will continue to deliver.
For technology jobs outside the financial industry users can visit Dice.com


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Ryan M. Brock, 17, a senior at Valley City High School and a member of Our Savior's Lutheran Church in Valley City, was named an Eagle Scout of Honor Friday, May 30 at the church.
He is the son of Terence Brock and Dalene Brock, Valley City.
Ryan's positions in Troop 560 include Patrol Leader, Assistant Senior Patrol Leader and Senior Patrol Leader. Offices held in Order of the Arrow include Chapter Vice Chief, Chapter Chief, Founders Award Committee Chair and Secretary of Chapter.
More in Tuesday's Times-Record.
This Sunday marked the one-month milestone of missing North Dakota State College of Science student Andrew Sadek. Sadek, who was enrolled at the NDSCS Wahpeton Campus, is the son of John and Tammy Sadek and a native of Rogers, N.D. Currently, no new leads in the case have led to Sadek's whereabouts.
NDSCS Campus Police are continuing to work closely with other law enforcement agencies on any and all leads related to Sadek's disappearance. The safe return of Sadek to his parents, friends and the NDSCS community remains the focus of this ongoing investigation.
An accident near Fingal early Monday claimed the life of a Wisconsin man.
The accident occurred on Highway 32, 10 miles south of I-94 near Fingal. The driver, a 56-year-old male, was northbound on Highway 32 and entered a curve. While negotiating the curve, the SUV crossed the southbound lane and partially drove off the west shoulder, according to Sergeant Tom Herzig of the North Dakota State Patrol. The driver steered to the right and overcorrected. The vehicle slid sideways into the east ditch and rolled. The driver was pronounced dead at the scene.
The driver was not wearing a seatbelt.
If George Sinner (D-NPL) wins the U.S. Representative race, the first thing he plans to do in Washington, D. C., is invite some of the opposing freshmen party members to discuss what it would take to cooperate.
A new Valley City Barnes County Library Foundation should look at working with the newly established Sheyenne Valley Community Foundation, members of a library foundation recommendation committee decided Friday. More in Monday's issue of the Times-Record.
Barnes County Commissioner Phil Leitner has decided to run for a second term on the commission, first taking office in 2010. Leitner, a resident of Valley City, said Friday he is running for another term to the elected position because, "I have a passion for public service, and I find the work I've done on the commission to be be very rewarding. It's very interesting work and I have the time to dedicate myself to the position and see things through." More in Monday's issue of the Times-Record.
Valley City High School held its graduation ceremony for the 84-member class of 2014 Sunday at the Hi-Liner Activity Center. More in Monday's Times-Record.
Pictured, from left, Hi-Liner senior Austen Meyer won this year's Ace Award and a Senior Award; junior Jake Miller took home the Gold Glove, Big Stick and Most Valuable Player Awards; senior Austin Berg received the Mr. Hustle Award and a Senior Award; sophomore Ethan Zeltinger is the Most Improved.
Hi-Liner senior Danica Diegel signed a letter of intent on Friday to attend and play softball for North Dakota State College of Science in Wahpeton.
Pictured from left, North Dakota State College of Science head softball coach Megan Johnson, Diegel with father Paul (left) and mother Tanya (right), and NDSCS's assistant softball coach.
East No. 3 Enderlin-Maple Valley's Class B State run in Minot took a turn for the dramatic with Friday's 16-14 loss to defending champion East No. 5 Central Cass — in which the Falcons nearly rallied from a 7-2 deficit — and Saturday's sixth-inning sac fly that gave West No. 1 Westhope/Newburg/Bottineau the 1-0 Third-Place Game win.
"It's not the outcome we wanted, but I'm sure it was a good pair of games for the fans," said Falcon assistant coach Neva Hamre on Saturday. "It's hard to play the next day after a game like that."


text: ''It will be easy to succeed with the Study Guide for ECONOMIC PRINCIPLES: A CONTEMPORARY INTRODUCTION, Eighth Edition. This Study Guide, by John Lunn of Hope College, includes chapter outlines, definitions of all terms, a bonus section with supplemental material, and a variety of true-false, multiple-choice, and discussion questions with answers. ''Edition/Copyright: 8TH 09


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Rad Or Bad: Fendi's Nordic Twists
Your turn: Are you digging this 'do or do you think it's too harsh?
Photo: Maria Valentino/MCV Photo
Please upgrade your browser for the best Refinery29 experience. Read more.
With summer's 'round-the-clock heat and the constant desire to be in or at least near some body of water, it's time to switch gears with how we handle our tresses. This season is all about sweating, swimming, and keeping our hair off the back of our necks. So let us turn to some A-list women who know no bounds when read
The Pride spirit has been the ringing from the rooftops in the U.S. lately thanks to the momentous SCOTUS ruling, and it seems like it's wafting over to our friends across the pond, too — but not in the way you might expect. While gay marriage has been legal over there for some time now (those Brits, always one step read


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Whenever the Saratoga Springs football team needed a big play, Leejay Pollacchi was there.
Pollacchi rushed for two touchdowns, returned a punt for a touchdown and intercepted a pass at the goal line to help the Blue Streaks defeat Guilderland 49-7 in last Friday's Empire Division game in Saratoga Springs.
Leejay has certainly been one of our key players all year, said Saratoga coach Terry Jones.
There were two critical moments in the game where Guilderland (2-4 division, 2-5 overall) let a possible upset slip out of its grasp. The first came in the first quarter when Pollacchi returned a punt 78 yards for a touchdown to give Saratoga (6-0, 6-1) a 14-0 lead, and then the Dutchmen fumbled the ensuing kickoff to give the Blue Streaks prime field position. Quarterback Collin Mulholland capped the short drive early in the second quarter with a four-yard touchdown pass to Joey Moore to make the score 21-0.
"We moved Leejay into returning punts three or four weeks ago, and he's really taken to it," said Jones. "That punt return was all him."
The second critical moment came midway through the second quarter. Guilderland drove deep into Saratoga territory, but the series ended when Pollacchi intercepted a Ryan Smith pass at the goal line after Bobby Falcone tipped the ball in the air for what would have been the Dutchmen's first touchdown.
"That really hurt because we were about to put it in," said Guilderland coach Dan Penna. "A Saratoga defender knocked into our receiver (Falcone), which put the ball in the air."
The Blue Streaks capitalized on Pollacchi's interception, as they drove deep into Guilderland territory on the ensuing series. Pollacchi finished the drive with a 15-yard touchdown run to give Saratoga a 28-0 lead.
Guilderland tried to get back in the game. Smith engineered a last-minute drive that ended with a six-yard touchdown pass to Falcone to cut Saratoga's lead to 28-7 at halftime, but the Blue Streaks limited the Dutchmen to less than 10 total yards of offense in the second half to make certain Guilderland wouldn't pull off a comeback.
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Guinness PRO12
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Top 14
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Brian O'Driscoll
O'Driscoll on the spot
Tuesday 21st April 08:54
Former Lions captain Brian O'Driscoll answers questions put to him by readers of Sky Sports Magazine.
BOD backed to lead Lions
Thursday 9th April 11:17
Brian O'Driscoll is the obvious choice to lead the Lions, according to Leinster coach Michael Cheika.
BOD scoops Six Nations gong
Friday 27th March 16:57
Ireland's Grand Slam-winning captain Brian O'Driscoll has been named Player of the Six Nations.
Henson admits Wales failings
Sunday 22nd March 14:06
Gavin Henson feels Wales' fourth-placed finish in this year's Six Nations was just what they deserved.
Skipper leads nervy Irish
Saturday 28th February 19:33
Ireland emerged from a scrappy Six Nations clash with England with a 14-13 victory at Croke Park, thanks to skipper Brian O'Driscoll.
BOD as excited as ever
Wednesday 28th January 20:16
Ireland captain Brian O'Driscoll insists he heads into the 2009 RBS Six Nations as excited to be leading his country than ever.
Contepomi back for Leinster
Wednesday 10th December 10:50
Argentina fly-half Felipe Contepomi could return to the Leinster line-up for the Heineken Cup Pool 2 clash with Castres on Friday night.
BOD targets cup redemption
Tuesday 2nd December 08:55
Brian O'Driscoll is hoping that he will get the chance to set the record straight for Ireland at the World Cup.
Kidney - We'll be a target
Monday 1st December 18:59
Declan Kidney has said Ireland's draw for the 2011 World Cup will make them a target of sides looking to cause an upset.
O'Driscoll credits strength
Saturday 22nd November 19:22
Ireland skipper Brian O'Driscoll insisted his men were determined not to be bullied out of the game against Argentina.
Dempsey - Let's do it for BOD
Thursday 13th November 15:25
Girvan Dempsey says Ireland are determined to mark Brian O'Driscoll's 50th Test as captain with a maiden win over New Zealand.
BOD relishing Earls link-up
Thursday 6th November 19:15
Brian O'Driscoll has expressed his delight at the influx of young talent in the Ireland squad ahead of Saturday's Test against Canada.
O'Driscoll to lead Ireland
Wednesday 22nd October 13:41
Brian O'Driscoll has been appointed Ireland captain after coach Declan Kidney unveiled a squad of 41 for the autumn internationals.
Fitness hope for O'Driscoll
Tuesday 21st October 10:34
Leinster coach Michael Cheika has backed Brian O'Driscoll to be fit in time for Ireland's autumn internationals.
O'Driscoll's Lions ambition
Monday 13th October 10:35
Brian O'Driscoll has spoken of his desire to be a part of the British and Irish Lions tour of South Africa later this season.
O'Driscoll - We need a break
Friday 13th June 13:26
Ireland captain Brian O'Driscoll believes European teams tour the southern hemisphere too frequently.
O'Driscoll keen for Mortlock test
Wednesday 11th June 15:32
Ireland captain Brian O'Driscoll says he cannot wait to test himself against Australian counterpart Stirling Mortlock on Saturday.
BOD plans expansive game
Tuesday 10th June 08:56
Ireland captain Brian O'Driscoll is looking forward to the chance to "run with the ball" when his side clash with Australia.
Special test for Irish
Friday 6th June 13:40
Ireland captain Brian O'Driscoll admits it is a special challenge trying to earn a first ever victory over New Zealand.
O'Driscoll back for Ireland
Tuesday 3rd June 07:54
Brian O'Driscoll is to captain Ireland for their one-off Test match against New Zealand in Wellington on Saturday.
Rupert Cox's Off Load: Clermont, England Sevens and Jean Deysel come under scrutiny
Rupert Cox shares his highlights from the week's rugby action in his round-up blog.
Hits and tries
The biggest and toughest hits and tackles plus the best tries from the world of rugby union.
Rupert Cox's Off Load: Hurricanes, Toulouse and Nick Williams all come under scrutiny
Rupert Cox shares his highlights from the week's rugby action in his round-up blog.
Experts & Blogs
Phil Edwards
Read the thoughts and opinions of Phil Edwards with skysports.com


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NUK Orthodontic Narrow Neck Silicone Nipples support seamless switching from breast to bottle. It features the Silicone Body Vent that was designed to reduce the amount of air baby swallows during feeding. 2 Pack.
The dot bottles with their plastic nipple rings do not hold these narrow nipples. Also, the slow flow nipples that come with the dot bottles allow the mild to flow too quickly for my baby. The narrow nipples work very well.


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Representatives from the National Security Agency will provide information on the Agency mission and on the application process for their jobs and internships. Presented by the LBJ School of Public Affairs.
If you need an accommodation to participate in this event, please contact the sponsor listed above or the UT Law Special Events Office at firstname.lastname@example.com no later than seven business days prior to the event.


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Make Up Wishlist – February 2014
Make Up Wishlist – February 2014
I've just received a Bourjois haul from Asos and another MAC one from yesterday's technique but I still want more make up. I know you can understand me. Especially base products, since some months I'm really trying to achieve the "flawless face" effect.
So this is my Make up Wishlist in February 2014.
I'm so in love with TheBalm Mary-Lou Manizer that I can't really stay away from the new highlighter Cindy-Lou Manizer. Then, Hourglass put out these amazing Ambient Lighting blushes; after the Ambient Lighting Palette I just can't get enough of this stuff. So Diffused is in my wishlist too. Highlighter again, but this time with a liquid texture: I read so many positive reviews about Becca Shimmering Skin Perfector. And now foundations and bases. Giorgio Armani Luminous Silk is the top-notch and I finally found out my skintone match (n°2), so I'm waiting for some discount code. Then Bourjois. Bourjois, Bourjois! My kingdome for Bourjois! This brand is really good at bases, indeed. I'm deeply in love with Healthy Mix and Healthy Mix Serum foundations (n°51 for reference) and I'm also really impressed by the new 123 Perfect CC Cream (thanks a lot Beatrice for your sample <3). I'm dying to try the 123 Perfect foundation also. Real Techniques Expert Face brush is in my wishlist from ages. An Amazon order is arriving soon, I guess… Last but not least, lips. I tried the new Rihanna Viva Glam and I really like it, I'll get it next time. Everyone is talking about these Lime Crime Velvetines, I know I'd love Pink Velvet…
What about your make up wishlist at this moment?
4 Responses to "Make Up Wishlist – February 2014"
Mary Lou-manizer *-*
Il Cindy Lou mi piacerebbe moltissimo vederlo dal vivo! *_*
Le velvetline le sto tenendo d'occhio da un po'
SoColorful anch'io, non vedo l'ora che arrivi anche da noi!
AllAroundlove è senza dubbio il miglior illuminante mai provato


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PIMS - University of British Columbia
The University of British Columbia PIMS site office is located in the Earth Sciences Building at the University of British Columbia (Map | Contact).
Current Events
- 10-Jun-15
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Western International Workshop on Harmonic Analysis and PDE
Scientific Event
- 17-Jun-15
A Conversation with Donald Knuth
A Conversation with Donald Knuth  more››
Scientific Event
- 29-Jun-15
- 9-Jul-15
PIMS Symposium on the Geometry and Topology of Manifolds
Scientific Event
- 29-Jun-15
- 24-Jul-15
Math Summer School for Elementary Math Teachers
The Pacific Institute for the Mathematical Sciences and the Department of Mathematics at UBC and SFU will be offering a 4-week Math Summer School for elementary school teachers this summer. The summer school will run from Monday June 29th to Frida  more››
Educational Event
- 9-Jul-15
Math Biology Seminar: John MacKenzie
A Computational Method for the Coupled Solution of Reaction-Diffusion Equations on Evolving Domains and Surfaces: Application to a Model of Cell Migration and Chemotaxis  more››
Scientific Event
- 23-Oct-15
PIMS/ UBC Distinguished Colloquium: Yakov Sinai
TBC  more››
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Hugh C. Morris Lecture: David Aldous (Berkeley)
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PIMS Workshop on Nonlocal Variational Problems and PDEs
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Two Weeks in Vancouver - A Summer School for Women in Math
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