text:
A method and apparatus is provided for determining workpiece drift from its nominal or intended position. The apparatus includes two proportionate sensors, each of which gives an output reading that depends upon how much of the sensor beam is blocked by an edge of the workpiece. A computer can calculate positional drift based upon these readings. Also disclosed is a method for aligning proportionate sensors to be parallel to one another.
1. A method of accurately positioning a substrate within a semiconductor processing apparatus, the method comprising:
loading a reference substrate onto a robot;
moving the robot with the reference substrate to a nominal robot position at a positioning station;
recording reference substrate data from a sensor at the positioning station while the robot is at the nominal robot position;
loading a process substrate onto the robot;
moving the robot with the process substrate to the nominal robot position at the positioning station;
recording process substrate data from the sensor at the positioning relating to the process substrate at the positioning station;
calculating a substrate drift of the process substrate relative to the reference substrate; and
compensating for the substrate drift in subsequent robot movement of the process substrate.
2. The method of
3. The method of
4. The method of
5. The method of
6. The method of
7. The method of
8. The method of
9. The method of
10. The method of
11. The method of
12. The method of
calculating first drift parameters from the process substrate data recorded while the leading edge of the process substrate partially blocks each of the at least two proportionate sensors; and
calculating second drift parameters using the additional process substrate data recorded while the trailing edge of the process substrate partially blocks each of the at least two proportionate sensors.
13. The method of
14. The method of
15. The method of
16. The method of
17. The method of
calculating linear deviation Δ of an interception point of the process substrate edge relative to the reference substrate interception point for each of the at least two proportionate sensors;
calculating a lateral spacing ƒ of each sensor from an axis of robot translation; and
calculating the drift parameters (x, y) from the linear deviations Δ, ƒ and the substrate diameter d.
18. The method of
wherein (p1−p1′) is equal to a distance the substrate has moved along a direction parallel to the sensor longitude between a position in which a leading edge of the substrate intercepts the sensor and a position in which a trailing edge of the substrate intercepts the sensor at the same point.
19. The method of
where Imax and Imin represent maximum and minimum sensor lengths blocked by the substrate, Vmax and Vmin represent the output value of the sensors when Imax and Imin are blocked, Vref indicates the sensor output value when the substrate is at the nominal position, and V indicates the sensor output value when the process substrate is at the nominal substrate position.
20. The method of
wherein d represents the substrate diameter, ΔL and ΔR are the substrate deviations of the two sensors, and fL and fR are the lateral spacing from left and right sensors, respectively to an axis of robot translation.
21. The method of
moving the robot with the reference substrate to the nominal robot position;
rotating the reference substrate through an angle θ;
calculating an xg displacement resulting from rotating through the angle θx using the formula for x in
obtaining a value g by substituting the value of xg obtained into the following formula:
22. The method of
where ΔR indicates a compensating change along the translation axis Δθ indicates a compensating change in rotational position, g is calculated from the formula of
23. The method of
24. A system for accurately positioning a workpiece during movement thereof, the system comprising:
a positioning station comprising at least two proportionate sensors aligned parallel to one another, each sensor producing an output inversely proportional to a sensor beam area blocked by the workpiece; and
a computer instructing a robot to move the workpiece into a position at the positioning station wherein at least two of the sensors have their sensor beams partially blocked by an edge of the workpiece, the computer programmed to
read outputs from the sensors,
calculate a positional drift relative to an expected workpiece position, and
adjust a robot position to compensate for the positional drift.
25. A method of orienting at least one sensor for determining a position of a substrate, comprising:
placing a sensor within a processing system in an initial orientation;
moving the substrate to a plurality of substrate positions;
collecting data from the sensor at the plurality of substrate positions; and
adjusting the sensor from the initial orientation based upon the data collected by the sensor.
26. The method of
27. The method of
28. The method of
29. The method of
30. The method of
31. The method of
in a first iteration, moving the substrate to a first position wherein a front edge of the substrate blocks a back portion of the sensor beam and moving the substrate along a direction of translation to a second position wherein a trailing edge of the substrate blocks a front portion of the sensor beam, the back portion and the front portion equaling a total area of the sensor beam;
in at least a second iteration, moving the substrate along the direction of translation to a different set of first and second positions wherein the back portion and the front portion equal the total area of the sensor beam.
32. The method of
33. The method of
34. The method of
35. A method of orienting a sensor beam to have a longitudinal direction of the beam parallel to a translation direction of a substrate positioning device, the method comprising:
(a) determining a general translation direction of a robot end effector, to which the substrate is attached for transport;
(b) installing a sensor system comprising a transmitter, which produces the sensor beam with a cross-section length and thickness, wherein the length is substantially larger than the thickness and having a direction along the length that is defined as a longitudinal direction, and a receiver which measures a maximum analog voltage, νmax, when a full intensity of the sensor beam reaches the receiver and also measures a linearly decreasing voltage as the sensor beam is increasingly blocked by the substrate and smaller portions of the sensor beam reach the receiver;
(c) placing the substrate onto the end effector,
(d) moving the substrate to a centering station at a position pi where the sensor beam is blocked, in part, by a leading edge of the substrate, and the receiver indicates a voltage, ν1 −,
(e) moving the substrate to a position pi′ along the translation direction where the sensor beam is blocked, in part, by a trailing edge of the substrate and the receiver indicates a voltage of νi′, such that νi′=νmax−νi;
(f) repeating steps (d) and (c) for at least i={1, 2};
(g) calculating a value ƒi for all i, where ƒi is a function of a distance moved between positions pi and pi′; and
(h) rotating the sensor system ƒi is not constant within a predetermined tolerance for all i and repeating steps (d)-(h).
36. The method of
37. The method of
38. The method of
where d is a diameter of the wafer and (pi−pi′) is the distance moved between positions pi and p'i.
39. The method of
40. The method of
41. The method of
42. The method of
43. The method of
44. The method of
45. The method of
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates generally to correcting positional change (drift) of a workpiece from a nominal position, and more particularly to setting up an apparatus and using the apparatus to detect and correct substrate drift in a semiconductor processing system.
2. Description of the Related Art
A robot is commonly used to transport a substrate, such as a silicon wafer, from one location to another in semiconductor processing equipment. For example, wafers must be transported from a storage cassette and a wafer holder inside the processing chamber. The robot includes an end effector to pick up the wafer from the cassette, transfer and place the wafer into the processing chamber and then transfer the wafer back into its storage cassette after processing is complete.
The wafer must often be placed with great accuracy. A typical wafer 10 and a susceptor 12 for holding the wafer within a single-wafer processing chamber are shown in the diagram in FIG. 1. For a wafer with a diameter of 200 mm, the pocket on the susceptor, into which the wafer fits, has a diameter only slightly larger, such as 201 mm. There is a very small clearance 14, only 0.5 mm in the illustrated case, between the edge of the wafer 10 and the edge of the susceptor pocket. It is important that the wafer be centered in the pocket and not touch the sidewalls thereof. If the wafer has contact with the sidewalls of the pocket, local temperature changes occur, resulting in temperature gradients across the wafer. This can cause non-uniformity in process results, as most semiconductor processing depends critically on temperature. Similarly, uncentered wafers can be damaged during placement in a number of different handling situations.
The wafer does not normally change position with respect to the end effector during wafer transport. Errors in final placement of the wafer, known as "wafer drift," are due mainly to variations in wafer position in the cassette at pickup, i.e., the end effector attaches to each wafer at a slightly different location. Therefore it is necessary to correct the position of the wafer before it is placed onto the wafer holder.
Often standalone stations are established for locating the center of a wafer before being picked up again by the robot, such that centered placement on the robot end effector is assured. Unfortunately, such systems require separate drop-off and pick-up operations which consume valuable processing time. It is therefore advantageous to correct the wafer's position "in line" or en route. One way this correction is made is by altering the drop-off point for the wafer transfer robot based on measurements of the wafer position after it is removed from the cassette.
In the prior art, there are many ways to measure the position of the wafer on the robot before the wafer is placed on the susceptor or other destination. It is desirable to avoid contact with the wafer, so optical systems are widely used. A light beam is shone onto a wafer, and sensors detect either a reflected beam or a portion of a transmitted beam when the robot is at a known position. Sensor data is used to determine the wafer position.
Most methods used to to correct the wafer position are based on optical through beam sensors that generate an ON/OFF switching output signal. A typical ON/OFF type optical sensor consists of a transmitter and a receiver. The transmitter generates an optical ray (which may be within the visible spectrum), which is picked up by a receiver. If the beam is blocked by an object between the transmitter and the receiver, such as a wafer, the output signal state of the sensor changes, for example from OFF to ON. Most of these sensors are made with lasers. In systems for measuring wafer position, when a wafer edge crosses the beam path, the sensor state changes and a register is triggered to record the wafer's position. Since the change in sensor state is synchronized with the recording of the wafer position, it is possible to determine the position of the wafer based on the time of wafer state change, the speed of robot movement, and the recording of the robot position. The actual wafer position is thus calculated and the subsequent placement operation uses this actual wafer position.
The accuracy of the optical measurements depends, in part, on how well the position of these optical components are known. Currently, these systems are positioned using mechanical means, which are not always accurate. Moreover, typical in line wafer centering systems are rather complex and require many sensors accurately positioned.
A need exists for a simple and reliable system for properly positioning workpieces, such as wafer, in robotic transfer.
In satisfaction of this need, the present invention provides a system and method for determining an amount of a workpiece's drift from its intended position and for correcting the same prior to placement at a destination. Furthermore, the present invention provides a method for setting up and calibrating an optical system particularly useful for the positioning method.
In accordance with one aspect of the invention, a method is provided for accurately positioning a substrate within a semiconductor processing apparatus. The method includes loading a reference substrate onto a robot and moving the robot with the reference substrate to a nominal robot position at a positioning station. Reference substrate data is recorded from a sensor at the positioning station while the robot is at the nominal robot position. A process substrate is loaded onto the robot, and the robot is moved with the process substrate to the nominal robot position at the positioning station. Process substrate data is recorded from the sensor, relating to the process substrate at the positioning station. Drift of the process substrate relative to the reference substrate is calculated. In subsequent robot movement of the process substrate, compensation is made for this calculated drift.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a system is provided for accurately positioning a workpiece during movement thereof. The system includes a positioning station that, in turn, includes at least two proportionate sensors aligned parallel to one another. Each sensor produces an output inversely proportional to a sensor beam area blocked by the workpiece. The system also includes a computer that instructs a robot to move the workpiece into a position at the positioning station where at least two of the sensors have their sensor beams partially blocked by an edge of the workpiece. The computer is additionally programmed to read outputs from the sensors, calculate a positional drift relative to an expected workpiece position, and adjust a robot position to compensate for the positional drift.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a method is provided for orienting at least one sensor for determining a position of a substrate. The method includes placing a sensor within a processing system in an initial orientation. The substrate is moved to a plurality of substrate positions and data is collected from the sensor at the plurality of substrate positions. The sensor is then adjusted from the initial orientation based upon the data collected by sensor. In the illustrated embodiment, this process is used to ensure that each of a plurality of sensors is aligned parallel to a direction of substrate translation during the orientation process, and thus each of the sensors are aligned parallel to one another.
The method and apparatus to correct wafer drift of the present invention will now be described with respect to preferred embodiments; however, the method and apparatus of the present invention are not limited to the illustrated tool. Rather, the method and apparatus may be used in any tool or environment in which it is necessary to place a workpiece in a position with a high degree of accuracy. Moreover, the skilled artisan will readily appreciate that the formulas and specific sequences of operation described herein are merely exemplary and that variations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Exemplary Process Tool
An exemplary wafer processing tool is depicted in FIG. 2A. Wafers 210 are transferred by a robot 214 from load lock chambers 220, 222. The robot 214 includes an end effector 224, which can take the form a paddle, fork, Bernoulli wand, suction device, gripper, etc. In the illustrated embodiment, the robot 214 is located in a wafer handling or transfer chamber 225 between the load lock chambers 220, 222 and a process chamber 226, and includes two end effectors. A first end effector comprises a paddle for transfer from or to the cassettes and a second end effector comprises a fork or Bernoulli wand for transfer from or to the hot process chamber. Wafers 210 are moved among a wafer support or susceptor 212 (within the process chamber 226), cool down stations 216, 218 and the load lock chambers 220, 222 in accordance with a preferred order of operations to be described below. Wafer processing is conducted on susceptor 212 within reaction chamber 226. Wafer staging (before processing) and cool down (after processing) are conducted at the cool down stations 216 and 218. In the exemplary tool, correction for drift is preferably performed in the wafer handling chamber 225, between the load lock chambers 220, 222 and the cool down stations 216, 218, preferably near the cool down stations 216, 218.
Exemplary Sequence of Transfer
The preferred sequence of operations of the tool described above is shown in the flowchart of FIG. 3. Reference is also made herein to the exemplary processing tool of FIG. 2A. The sequence illustrated by the flowchart presumes that a wafer is present on the susceptor in the reaction chamber when the sequence of the flowchart is initiated. First, as shown in step 300, the paddle of the robot picks up a raw (unprocessed) wafer from a cassette in one of the load lock chambers 220, 222. Next, the wafer is moved through the wafer handling chamber and a wafer centering operation is performed, as shown in step 305. Centering (or more generally positioning) is described in more detail below with respect to
In step 310, the paddle places the centered wafer on the first cool down station 216, which serves as a staging area in the described sequence. The end effector 224 is employed to remove a heated wafer from within the reaction chamber (step 320) and moves the wafer to the other cool down station 218 (step 330). Note that, as illustrated in
Next, the end effector 224 moves to the first cool down station 216, where it picks up the raw wafer left by the paddle in step 310, and then moves the wafer onto the susceptor 212 in the reaction chamber 226 (step 340). The paddle of the robot then removes the processed wafer from cooling station 218 (step 350) and another centering or positioning operation (step 360) is performed prior to and placing the wafer in a cassette within the other load lock chamber 220 (step 370). At this point, a cycle has been completed; as at the beginning of the cycle, a wafer is in the reaction chamber. Thus, as at the beginning of the cycle, the paddle picks up a raw wafer from load-lock 222 (step 300), the wafer centering or positioning operation is again performed (step 305), and the centered raw wafer is placed on cooling station 216 (step 310).
As noted above, a centering step is preferably carried out prior to placing the raw wafer on the cool down or staging station 216. Thus, the sensors used in the centering step are preferably placed in the vicinity of cool down station 216. Another set of sensors can also be placed at the other cool down station 218 for centering prior to taking a processed wafer back to the load lock cassettes. However, these are only examples, and the centering step may be conducted at other locations. The skilled artisan will appreciate that the centering operation may be conducted in other process tools and at other stages of a processing sequence. For example, centering may be conducted just prior to placing the wafer into the reaction chamber. In a batch processing system, centering may be useful during loading of a wafer boat prior to processing. The details of the placement and orientation of the sensors in the exemplary reaction chamber are described below.
Preferred Proportionate Sensor System
Thus, when an object 30 partially blocks the beam, if the location of the sensor 19 is known, it is possible to determine the location of the object edge by measuring the voltage output. An output of 0 indicates that the entire beam is eclipsed; an output of 5 indicates that the edge has not intercepted the beam; an output of 2.5 volts (half the maximum output) indicates that the edge is located 5 mm (half the beam length) from the front end of the beam; an output of 3.0 volts indicates that the edge is located 6 mm from the front end of the beam; etc.
A preferred arrangement of two such sensors 19 is shown in FIG. 6. Each sensor 19 comprises a transmitter 20 that transmits a ribbon-like laser beam 24 in the direction of a receiver 22. The laser beam is oriented with its long dimension (10 mm in the illustrated embodiment) along a longitudinal direction 28, which coincides with the desired line of robot translation in normal operation. As discussed below, the robot can deviate from this translation direction during operation. The two sensors 19 are installed such that the edge of a silicon wafer 30 at a wafer centering station partially intercepts the laser beams 24 at some point along the wafer trajectory while carried by the robot end effector. At that point, only unblocked portions 26 of the transmitted laser beams 24 reach the receivers 22. The centering or positioning mechanism uses the readings of the sensors 19, compares these readings to readings expected if the wafer 30 had been properly positioned on the robot end effector, and the difference is used to adjust the wafer position prior to placement at its next destination. As noted, the preferred position drift calculation and adjustment process is discussed below in more detail with respect to FIG. 11.
System Set-Up, Including Sensor Alignment
Simple though the positioning method described herein is, its accuracy is based on an important assumption, that the axes of two optical sensors are parallel to each other and to the robot's translation axis. These sensors can installed on the tool housing using mechanical fixtures to make the planes of cases housing each LTBS system parallel to one another and to a best guess for the translation axis of the robot. In order to improve the accuracy of measurements made with these systems, the present invention provides a method of simply and accurately ensuring that the long axes of the laser beams and the normal translation direction of the wafer robot are all parallel using the sensors themselves.
This sequence of movements in steps 510 and 520 is repeated for at least a second iteration, wherein the wafer is moved 530 to a position p2 different from p1, and voltage ν2, is determined. The wafer is then moved 540 to a second position p2 where ν2′=νmax−ν2′. Two such iterations, showing positions, p1, p1′ and p2, p2′, are shown in the schematic plan views of
If the sensor is aligned parallel to the direction of the robot movement, the measured distance (p1−p1′) should be the same for each iteration i. As will be appreciated, any function that depends upon this measured distance can be used to determine whether the sensor is parallel to the direction of robot translation. In the illustrated embodiment, the term ƒi is calculated and compared for each iteration i because ƒ is a measure of the lateral spacing of the sensors that will be used in the preferred calculations of the wafer position during operation. This can be seen in the
Using the known wafer diameter, d (in mm.), and the positions, p1, p1′, p2, p2′ (in mm.), as determined in steps 510-540 above, the parameters ƒ1, ƒ2, are calculated according to the equation:
The process of
The example outlined in the foregoing discussion and in
Referring back to
The nominal centering position, at which both sensors are only partially blocked by the reference wafer, may be obtained via an iterative process. For example, the robot may be used to move the reference wafer to a predetermined position at the centering station. If both sensors are unblocked at the predetermined point, the robot may be incrementally advanced (R increased) in the translation direction. If both sensors are completely blocked, the robot may be withdrawn along the line of translation. These steps may be repeated until both sensors are simultaneously partially blocked by the wafer.
It is not necessary that the two sensors be blocked to the same degree. For example, in the present embodiment, in which the sensors output an analog voltage within a range of 0 V to 5.0 V, the left sensor may output 2.0 V, while the right sensor outputs 3.0 V, due to imperfect installation of the sensor systems.
The voltages obtained at this nominal centering position are used as reference voltages Vref for each sensor, which will later be employed in the calculation of wafer drift, while the position of the robot is used as the nominal centering position in the later assessment of wafer drift during operation. The nominal centering position is preferably selected such that 0.5 V<Vref<4.5 V. More preferably, the nominal centering position is such that 2.0 V<Vref<3.0 V for each sensor. Most preferably, the reference wafer edge intercepts each sensor near the center of the sensor length, such that Vref is close to 2.5 V, because such a nominal centering position results in a greater likelihood that slightly decentered wafers will partially eclipse both sensors during operation. At this point, Vref is close to 2.5 V. These preferred voltage levels can be prorated, as a percentage of maximum voltage, for different proportionate sensors. The reference voltages represent the location that the wafer edge is expected to intercept the sensor when the wafer is in the "nominal wafer position" at which the wafer is properly centered upon the end effector.
If linear translation does not find a position at which both sensors are partially blocked with 0.5 V<Vref<4.5 V, then the sensors are parallel but longitudinally offset by too great an amount. Preferably, the sensors are reset and the process of
Furthermore, the wafer may optionally then be advanced to a second nominal centering position at which the two sensors are simultaneously and partially blocked by the trailing edge portion of the reference wafer. An iterative process similar to that described above may be employed to obtain the second nominal wafer position. This position and the reference voltages obtained from the sensors may also be used in the later assessment of wafer drift during operation. It will be understood that, in operation, either the front edge of the wafer or the trailing edge or both can be used to determine wafer drift.
Referring again to
Calculation of Wafer Drift Using Leading Edge Sensor Data
The device has been fully calibrated once the steps of assessing sensor alignment and obtaining nominal centering position and reference voltages described above have been completed. The device may now be used to assess the drift of objects from the nominal position during operation, such as wafers removed from the load lock cassettes to be processed in the reactor.
Referring to
If both sensors are partially blocked at the nominal centering position (return a value between 0.1 V and 4.9 V) then it is possible to assess the drift of the wafer from the nominal position. The voltage output VL and VR are read 620. If the wafer has drifted from the expected or nominal wafer position upon the robot end effector, the sensors indicated a deviation from the Vref recorded for each sensor. Since the wafer geometry is known to be the same as that of the reference wafer, this deviation can be used to calculate the linear distance that the wafer has drifted from the nominal wafer position, and this drift can be compensated by moving the robot such that the wafer is placed in a manner to compensate for the drift. The skilled artisan will appreciate a number of ways in which this drift and compensating movements can be calculated. The formulas given below are merely exemplary.
The deviation in voltage readings are used to calculate 630 offsets αL and αR. ΔL and ΔR represent the linear deviations from the nominal wafer position, as measured longitudinally along the sensors (see FIG. 12). ΔL and ΔR maybe obtained from the following equation:
This linear deviation of the wafer edge intercepts with the sensors is then used to calculate 640 the positional drift of the wafer. The drift is represented by parameters (x1, y1). The values of x1 and y1 may be calculated from the following equations:
Wafer Position Determination
Referring again to
The parameter g represents the distance between the reference wafer in the nominal centering position and the coordinate system origin (pivot of rotation of the robot). This is measured/calculated because the robot parameter R, which is presumed known at all times, is measured relative to the tip of the end effector and not to a centered wafer position. In the preferred embodiment, the parameter g is preferably obtained in the following manner. The reference wafer is placed at the centering station and is rotated through a small angle θ with respect to the position of the robot. This small rotation creates an artificial drift that can be calculated as described above for the calculation of wafer drift during operation. The value of lateral induced drift xg is then obtained using the equations for s and x above. The value of g can then be determined by substituting the value of xg obtained into the following formula:
If reference values were obtained at the trailing edge portion of the reference wafer during the calibration process, the wafer to be processed may instead or additionally be advanced to the second nominal centering position, at which the sensor voltages are recorded.
The device determines the values x2 and y2 using the sensor voltages obtained at the trailing edge of the wafer in the manner described above, except that, in the equations employed, fL and fR need to be exchanged, ΔL and ΔR need to be exchanged, and the sign of ΔL, ΔR, and y needs to be changed, because of the geometry of the round wafer.
The drift of the wafer calculated using the trailing-edge values is represented by (x2, Y2). If both leading edge and trailing edge data are collected, the measured drifts at both edges can be compared. The calculated drift should at least approximately coincide. If this is the case, (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) may be optionally averaged, and the resulting (xavg, yavg) may be used as the measure of wafer drift. If only the trailing edge data is employed, the wafer drift is taken as (x2, Y2).
Adjustment for Wafer Drift
Referring again to
Rd and θd represent changes to the robot position incurred during a "dance" to ensure interception of a drifted wafer's edge with both sensors.
Correction of drift may alternatively be performed at the centering station or at any other location. An example thereof is adjustment at to staging or cool down station just before wafer drop-off. For drift compensation at a location other than the centering station, it is determined how far the robot has extended or retracted (change in R) from position g. This extension or retraction is represented by the value δ. The compensation parameters ΔR and Δθ at this extended/retracted position are calculated by substituting (g+δ) for g in the above equations.
It is preferable that all measurements, both during calibration and during the determination of wafer drift, be taken a number of times and the results averaged, in view of the nature of analog sensors and the high sensitivity of laser sensors. The number of measurements which should be taken for any value depends on the field conditions and the analog input boards used, as well as the averaging method adopted for the application. Furthermore, all quantities employed in the equations above are based on the SI unit system.
One advantage of the method of wafer sensor alignment is that the approach has been derived and proven rigorously in mathematics and is not empirical. The calculation requires only a minimum number of independent variables that are easy to measure accurately, ensuring that the result is accurate. The method is reliable. It does not require complicated software or complicated mechanical adjustments. The hardware is all commercially available, inexpensive, compact and easy to install. The method is flexible because drift is detected and corrected by comparison to a designated reference wafer, rather than absolute wafer position measurements which are heavily reliant upon the robot, its position and its spatial relation to fixtures in the tool. The method does not require any particular transport robot; nor any real-time signal acquisition. Existing wafer processing equipment can be easily retrofitted with the system. The system can be scaled to different wafer sizes and can be used in applications requiring the sorting of wafers or aligning of wafers according to flat or notch orientation. The system could also be used to detect the roundness of a wafer or the dimensions of a wafer, such as its diameter.
Notch/Flat Detection
Today's SEMI standard calls for wafers with one notch or flat. If desired, the system described herein can be arranged to accommodate wafers with notches or flats at the front edge or trailing edge of the wafer. If a notch or flat is at the front edge, the trailing edge of the wafer can be used in determining wafer drift. If the notch or flat is at the trailing edge of the wafer, the front edge of the wafer can be used in determining drift.
More preferably, the wafers are arranged such that neither the notch nor flat interferes with either the front or trailing edge when properly oriented. If the notch or flat does interfere with calculation, then the wafer is misoriented. The wafer is therefore preferably returned to the cassette from which it came and is not further processed.
The device can also determine that the wafer is misoriented; for example, a misoriented flat or notch may have been sensed. According to the SEMI standards, wafers normally have one flat or notch. As noted in the previous paragraph, it is preferable to arrange the system such that the flat or notch does not interfere with the operation of the sensors at either the leading edge or the trailing edge of the wafer, when properly oriented. However, because of the variations in position within the cassette which were described above, in some cases the flat or notch may be present in the sensor path.
If both leading edge and trailing edge data are collected, the measured drifts at both edges can be compared. The calculated drift should at least approximately coincide. However, if the wafer a flat or notch was present at one of the sensors at the leading or trailing edge, (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) will be considerably different. Thus, if the difference between (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) is within a specified range (for example, less than about 0.5 mm) then no flat or notch was sensed. On the other hand, if the difference between (x1, y1) and (x2, Y2) is not within the specified range (in the present embodiment, greater than about 0.5 mm), then a flat or notch has been sensed at either the leading or trailing edge, and the wafer is removed to the original cassette and not further processed.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various omissions, additions and modifications may be made to the processes described above without departing from the scope of the invention, and all such modifications and changes are intended to fall within the scope of the invention, as defined by the appended claims.
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Gear Review
I always love Beal Top Gun
I love Beal Top Gun! My old one lasted long. Until the end, they did not get stiff, fuzzy, fat, etc. The rope always feeds very smoothly with Grigri as well. It even came with a nice rope bag! I am glad that I got a good deal at Backcountry.
View More Details on Beal Top Gun II 10.5mm Dry Cover Rope

subset: commoncrawl


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$50 goes a long way with these green gifts – good for all your loved ones, they're stylish, sustainable, and will have your recipients thanking you for months to come…
2 Comments
December 14, 2007 at 5:34 pm
dang! the AUM bag is on backorder.
thanks for the list!
December 13, 2007 at 3:41 pm
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If anyone would like company information you can go to http://www.jointhesolution.com/razmataz.


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Q4 HotelNew York, USA
It's real close to the subway which make my life much more easier. The hostel is modern style and the room is really good. I think it's the best room for dormitory I have ever paid for so far. They provide the towel, but you have to ask from the reception and also free kitchen which is big.
Apple Hostels of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia, USA
At first it's hard to find the hostel because it's in the small alley, but when I start discovering around there, there are many bars, shops for you. I like that hostel is really close to the must see attraction. It's in the old city district and I think it's really great. Inside the hostel also good. They will change the password for the main door everyday and you have to have password for your own room. The bathroom is always clean and they have (free)kitchen and washing machine(5$) for us.
Duo Housing DCWashington DC, USA
I like the idea that no one wears shoes in the hostel and the manager tell us to stay there and make myself at home. I really like that. it is the clean place and I don't know why, but I feel like I was home there. I feel safe and have privacy.


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NHL Daily Fix: Another great Pavel Datsyuk goal, no hearing for Cooke
More NHL: Scores | Standings | Odds | Fight-O-Meter | League Leaders | Rumors
The NHL Daily Fix is your morning wakeup call with news and notes for the day's hockey action.
Morning Buzz
• Ho hum. Just Pavel Datsyuk scoring another crazy-good goal, this one from almost directly behind the cage.
• This shouldn't come as a surprise, but Matt Cooke won't be facing a supplemental discipline hearing for the incident with Erik Karlsson on Wednesday night. (Ren Lavoie)
Here is video and details on the injury to Karlsson if you missed it; a lacerated Achilles. Ouch! (Eye on Hockey)
• Pay Ryan O'Reilly the money? Well, here's a counter argument from Adrian Dater why the Avalanche were right to not give him more. (Denver Post)
• Remember a few years ago, when the Canadiens were starting Jaroslav Halak with success and then shipped him out to turn the franchise over to a young and seemingly-not-ready Carey Price? Price has matured a lot since then. Doesn't look like such a bad move, does it? (Montreal Gazette)
• Injury corner: The Devils placed Dainius Zubrus on the IR and recalled Andrei Loktionov. (Newjersey.com)
• One of the surprising players across the league this season, Toronto's Matt Frattin, is also headed to the IR and is expected to miss at least a week. (Globe and Mail)
• In Colorado, defenseman Erik Johnson is joining Gabriel Landeskog on the indefinitely injured list with the dreaded head injury. (Denver Post)
Thursday schedule
New York Islanders at New York Rangers (7 ET)
Toronto at Carolina (7 ET)
Montreal at Florida (7:30 ET)
Washington at Tampa Bay (7:30 ET)
Phoenix at Nashville (8 ET)
Colorado at Minnesota (8 ET)
For more hockey news, rumors and analysis, follow @EyeOnHockey and @StubitsCBS on Twitter, subscribe to our YouTube account and like us on Facebook.


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Category Archive
'Station wagons': 417 Posts
Hemmings Find of the Day – 1969 Ford Falcon Futura station wagon
Forty-five years of regular use anywhere on this planet will take its toll, even in California, where we East Coasters like to imagine cars naturally remain pristine no matter what. And, indeed, as we can see from the photos, this California black-plate 1969 Ford Falcon Futura station wagon for sale on Hemmings.com has taken a lickin', but keeps on a-tickin', rust-free and in running, driving condition. From the seller's description:
302 V8, C4 automatic transmission, I've owned this car since 1997 and made many improvements: rebuilt heads, rebuilt carb., new wheel bearings, brakes, brake cylinders, master cylinder, water pump, hoses, rebuilt radiator, fuel pump, flushed fuel tank, electronic ignition, good tires. I have extra parts including hood, tailgate, bumpers, grill. Yes a few scratches and small dents, but this car is solid with no rust problems, great American iron. This car is licenced and has current tags with the desireable black California plates and would make a great surf rod or Dad & Son project. I've driven this car coast to coast twice and wouldn't hesitate to do it again.
See more Fords for sale on Hemmings.com.
Caseville, Michigan, 1965
About all we know of the Foodliner IGA in Caseville, Michigan, other than what we see in this August 1965 photo that we came across on GrayFlannelSuit, is that it's no longer there, replaced by a parking lot. Of note: While we've become accustomed to four-doors and station wagons far outnumbering two-doors in most depictions of everyday life across America in the Fifties and Sixties, two-doors seem to dominate the photo. What do you see here?
Hemmings Find of the Day – 1964 Ford Country Sedan
We're often left guessing why the original owners of certain cars with unusual or unexpected configurations ordered the cars that way, but it's no stretch of the imagination to see why drag race photographer Lloyd King bought this 1964 Ford Country Sedan now for sale on Hemmings.com with a Z-code 390 and painted burgundy. Aside from the obvious attraction of a big-block V-8 in a station wagon, this Country Sedan also appears largely unrestored, down to King's business lettering on the doors. From the seller's description:
Factory Z code 390 300HP with 3 speed/overdrive transmission. Mostly detailed engine compartment but could use a little more. Just had carburetor rebuilt and Pertronix ignition installed. New battery, cap, rotor, wires, etc. Runs great. No smoke at all. No leaks either. Transmission shifts fine but has a small leak. Overdrive doesn't always work though. Interior is near mint with no rips or tears anywhere. Original plastic is still on the rear seat. Fronts were on but dried up. Dash has no cracks.Headliner is perfect. Rear compartment is excellent. Some dash lights not working . Everything else works.Has aftermarket Tachometer and oil pressure guage. There is no rust on this car. Body has 80 percent original vintage burgundy paint. There are a few areas where someone did small repairs and did not do very nice blend job. Right front hood, both door front tops (had mirror holes) and a few places on the right side were redone. I placed a magnet on every panel and couldn't find any filler. Car starts, runs, drives and stops fine. Updated 15″ steel wheels with dog dish caps. This was used by legendary race photographer, Lloyd King to travel to the races. He and his wife towed a trailer. It was also in the Eastern Pennsylvania Race Museum for some time.
See more Fords for sale on Hemmings.com.
Hemmings Find of the Day – 1968 Ford Country Squire
Who needs a brand-new SUV or crossover when there's cars like this 1968 Ford Country Squire for sale on Hemmings.com? It'll do your third-row seating one better with dual facing rear seats, it's got power aplenty with a four-barrel 390 V-8, and it appears rather solid inside and out, with just some trim pieces yet to install and some detailing yet to undertake. It could be hauling kids to soccer practice in no time flat. From the seller's description:
No winter driving and stored in heated garage! Private Sale of a 1968 Ford Country Squire Wagon from South Carolina. 390 4 Barrel Carb / Big Block V8 Engine, Automatic Transmission C6, Power Steering, Power Disc Brakes, Factory Air Conditioning, Power Rear Window, Power Headlights, Stereo. Body is in very good condition, including the under carriage. Tires in good condition.Trim panel pieces are in possesion of the owner and are available for inspection and use by purchaser.The vehicle is waiting for that special person to give it the TLC it deserves. This vehicle can be ready to hit the road in only a few days time.
See more Fords for sale on Hemmings.com.
Hemmings Find of the Day – 1986 Audi 5000CS Avant
Not often do we come across the term "practical" when reviewing collector car ads. Then again, not all that many collector cars have all-wheel drive and big ol' cargo spaces like this 1986 Audi 5000CS Quattro Avant for sale on Hemmings.com, a car that appears remarkably well preserved and that has recently undergone quite a bit of work to keep it on the road. Bonus, in addition to its turbocharged engine, it has the five-speed transmission, so it doesn't exactly sacrifice performance for all of its practicality. From the seller's description:
I am the second owner of this vintage Audi all-wheel-drive wagon with manual transmission, locking differentials, and 2.2L turbo 5 cylinder engine — the engine that won multiple Group B rally championships and Pikes Peak hill races. This may be the only wagon of its vintage and type with a manual transmission in Canada. The car is great fun to drive and was restored by Mark Motors of Ottawa in 2010. I have had the car for just over three years and have done additional work to it. It is in excellent condition and is an efficient, fun, and practical car to own. The car is extemely capable in the snow and has locking centre and rear differentials. It is also super-efficient on the highway and gets 5L/100KM in highway driving between Ottawa and Montreal and 7.5L/100KM in the city.
Some of the work done recently to the car: * Repainted in original color by Mark Motors of Ottawa in their Audi/Porsche painting facility * New springs and suspension * New headliner * New gas tank and fuel accumulator * New oil cooler and lines (for turbo) * New radiator * New alternator * New brakes and brake accumulator * New exhaust * New clutch linkage * More updates available and full service history
The car is bone stock with no upgrades. It comes with stock rims with Conti all-seasons plus winter aluminum rims with Conti winter tires are also available. Both sets of tires have less than 7,500 miles on them each. This car is driven daily and has been a joy to own. I have recently purchased a truck and simply don't have room in the driveway for both vehicles.
See more Audis for sale on Hemmings.com.
Hemmings Find of the Day – 1959 Opel Olympia Caravan
Much of the hard work has already been done on this 1959 Opel Olympia Caravan for sale on Hemmings.com, a car that's still with its original owner and that has been apart for its restoration since the late 1970s. Since then, the owner has done the body and paint work, rechromed the trim, and apparently collected the necessary parts to put it all back together. Basket cases – particularly those involving uncommon cars – tend to be more of a headache than they're worth, but this Opel seems rather far along and the original owner seems to have been particularly devoted to doing this car up right. From the seller's description:
I"m the original owner and started restoring about 36 yrs ago, has been in storage all these years, Paint job is new at that time and is in excellent condition. All brite parts have been replated as shown in photos. Replaced engine with factory new 1969 opel engine, 23,900 miles is what is on this engine. Electrical system was changed to 12 volts, there is a stainless steel muffler and tail pipe. The car will need rediator recore and brake work, have original tool kit and jack, Also includes extra windshield with minor damage (small stone chip), box of extra misc. parts. I will state that I just turned 80 and its time to sell. Egine was shut off 36 yrs ago and hasn't run since, also include the original dealer parts book and service manual.
See more Opels for sale on Hemmings.com.
Hemmings Find of the Day – 1955 Ford Country Sedan
Not as flashy as the country club-rolling Country Squire, but not as basic as the handyman special Ranch Wagon, the Country Sedan represented the Customline range in Ford's station wagon lineup to appeal to middle-class suburban households, and outsold its brethren combined. This particular 272-powered 1955 Ford Country Sedan for sale on Hemmings.com, appears to have survived its formative years of grocery store runs, potlucks, and summer vacations, in need of only a refurbishment and not a total restoration. From the seller's description:
Out of hibernation, having been stored in a climate controlled warehouse as part of a collection, I have meticulously refreshed it, inclusive of, but not limited to, all fluid replacements (oils, brake fluid, ATF, antifreeze (correct green), new fuel w/filter, carburetor overhaul, new distributor cap, points, rotor, ignition wires, spark plugs, belts, thermostat, chassis lubrication, brake inspection/ clean and adjust, repack wheel bearings, new hood insulation, new high flow dual exhaust mufflers providing for a delightful exhaust note, Exide 6 volt battery with high cold cranking amps, and new 6 volt backup electric fuel pump. I'm sure I missed something here.
Nicely "shod" with matching, almost new Coker two and three quarter inch whitewall radial tires, it tracks and drives effortlessly, assisted by factory power steering.
Powered by a original mileage, matching numbers, 272 cubic inch, 170 horsepower Y Block V8, it starts, runs, and shifts smoothly (Fordomatic) on the highways and country roads, with no unusual noises, smoke or vibrations. It's a joy to drive. Its engine, driveline, and suspension are very original, and I believe the mileage of 57,029 miles to be original. There are no major oil leaks whatsoever, and the engine, transmission and differential appear very tight.
Refinished at some point in its history, the paint shows very nicely, with no real indication as near as I can ascertain of previous body damage. A small amount of surface rust is beginning to show at the base of the tail gate (bubbling); however, is not evident on the interior portion or edge of the gate as is so typical of these wagons. It appears to be possibly poor body prep in this area when refinished.
Stainless trim and the chrome bumpers are in excellent shape. The hood ornament and tops of the door handles have some pitting, but have polished up very nicely when the car was professionally detailed.
The rocker panels, quarters, doors, frame and floors appear to be very solid, with some evidence a a previous minor repair to two body mounts and inner rocker face. Undercarriage surface only rust, given its age exists, however is not a problem.
Its original and fun contrasting red and white interior (seats, door panels, visors etc.) is in magnificent condition, with no tears or splits. Its headliner, dash board, floor covering, steering wheel, controls and gauges are in excellent condition. Glass is in excellent shape, with no clouding, bubbling or chips, and all the windows (roll down and rear sliding quarter) function nicely.
All the controls and electrical function normally (lights, turn signals, heater fan, switches, choke, gauges, wipers, etc), with the exception of the fuel gauge, which is occasionally lazy in its operation.
See more Fords for sale on Hemmings.com.
Group of four mid-1980s Dodges somehow collectively have less than 200 miles
Photos courtesy Mecum Auctions.
Among the hundreds of street rods, muscle cars, and other collector cars that crossed the Mecum auction block in Dallas this past weekend, four in particular stood out not for their selling prices but for their odometers. Collectively, the four, all mid-1980s front-wheel-drive Dodges, sold for less than a typical first-generation Camaro and have racked up just 162 miles.
The highest-mileage example of the quartet, a 1984 Dodge Mini Ram, was customized into a Streamliner conversion van – complete with fold-out bed, mini-closet, built-in cooler, running boards, and map lights galore – by Mark III. Though presumably intended for touring and road trips, the Mini Ram showed just 71 miles. It sold for $7,000.
Among the other three in the grouping, a 1988 Dodge Colt Vista station wagon with 41 miles on its 2.0-liter overhead-camshaft four-cylinder and automatic transmission sold for $8,000; a 1987 Dodge Daytona, also with an automatic transmission and just 22 miles, sold for $9,000; and a 1986 Dodge Lancer with the five-speed manual transmission and 28 miles sold for $5,500.
Mecum noted that all four came from Kirk Jackson Motors in Lockhart, Texas, but didn't elaborate on how all four remained in pristine condition with so few miles. Kirk Jackson Motors recently went out of business and its phone line has been disconnected.
A carefully preserved, time-capsule… 1979 Honda Civic CVCC Wagon?
1979 Honda Civic Wagon. Images courtesy Specialty Cars Limited.
By the late 1970s, Japanese automaker Honda had hit its stride in the United States, earning a reputation for affordable, dependable and fuel-efficient cars. As with many other imports, Hondas were prone to tinworm in states where road salt was a winter fact of life; thanks to this, and to the inexpensive car's perceived "disposable" nature, few well-preserved, low-mileage examples of first generation Honda Civics exist today. When one cropped up as a Hemmings Find of the Day (since sold), it was time to take a closer look.
The Honda Civic in question was a station wagon variant, built for the 1979 model year and equipped with the fuel-efficient, 63-horsepower, 1.5-liter Compound Vortex Controlled Combustion (CVCC) engine, which Honda had debuted in the U.S. in 1975. Fuel efficient, it was also particularly clean burning, thanks in part to its stratified-charge design, which utilized a second (smaller) combustion chamber, fed by a second (smaller) intake valve, that burned a slightly richer mix than that supplied to the cylinder itself through a conventional intake valve. It was the flame from the precombustion chamber that ignited the air and fuel mixture in the main cylinder, resulting in more complete combustion (and hence, lower emissions) than conventional engine designs. Ensuring the correct distribution of air and fuel to each precombustion chamber and cylinder was the job of a three-barrel carburetor, specially developed for the Honda CVCC engine by Keihin.
Initially, Honda claimed fuel economy of 49 miles per gallon highway, based upon home market testing of the Civic hatchback. By 1979, the EPA rated a five-speed manual transmission-equipped Civic hatchback at 31 MPG city and 44 MPG highway (33 MPG combined), which was significantly better than the fuel economy from American cars like the Ford Pinto (22 MPG combined) and Chevrolet Chevette (29 MPG combined). The survivor example pictured here, recently sold by Specialty Cars Limited, was equipped with the optional Hondamatic two-speed semi-automatic transmission, which lowered the fuel economy to a combined 28 MPG per EPA estimates, and surely didn't aid the Honda's acceleration.
That negative aside, the car was said to wear its original paint and carry its original tires, which had gone well beyond their useful service life. Per John Kuhns of Specialty Cars Limited, only the car's battery and a slave cylinder had been changed, although the AM/FM/8-track and rear speakers looked to be in-period add-ons. Originally sold through a Honda dealership in Greensburg, Pennsylvania, the car was recently inherited by the granddaughter of the car's original (and sole) owner; aside from that, not much is known about the car's history. How it remained so well preserved, or why it racked up less than 254 miles per year over its three-and-a-half decade life, will likely remain a mystery.
It was advertised for $11,900 or best offer. John advised that the car sold for $11,000 to a Canadian dealer who had acquired it for a specific client. That's more than double the car's original price of $4,909, including the Hondamatic transmission; whether it will be driven regularly or added to an existing collection is unknown, but the market for clean, original (and, preferably, low-mileage) Japanese cars is growing. Though this Civic Wagon surely won't appeal to all collectors, those with a passion for Japanese cars from the 1970s will appreciate it as a piece of automotive history, and a window to the not-too-distant past.
Oldsmobile Super 88 Fiesta sells for $77,000 at station wagon-centric auction
Photos courtesy Sheridan Auction Services.
While a one-off fiberglass-bodied Dodge concept car took center stage at last week's Mitchell Car Museum liquidation sale, the core of the auction was made up of the station wagons that Don Mitchell – "Michigan's station wagon king" – produced, including the 1958 Oldsmobile Super 88 Fiesta that sold for $77,000.
Assembled by William F. Mitchell in the 1990s to pay tribute to the many accomplishments of his father, Don Mitchell (as well as another relative who founded the Mitchell Car Company in Racine, Wisconsin), the Mitchell Car Museum in Owosso, Michigan, understandably included about a dozen station wagons among its 30 or so vehicles and uncompleted bodies. Yet when William Mitchell died in April at the age of 87, the rest of the Mitchell family decided that the costs of running the museum outweighed its benefits, prompting the auction this past Wednesday.
Like all of the station wagons and station wagon bodies at the sale, the Oldsmobile Super 88 Fiesta four-door hardtop wagon might have been assembled by one of Detroit's Big Three, but the body originated with Ionia Manufacturing, a company that Mitchell, a trained engineer, oversaw. Mitchell began offering station wagon bodies through Ionia and its related coachwork companies as early as 1938, starting with woodie station wagons before eventually offering all-steel wagons from the late 1940s through the mid-1960s.
The description for the Fiesta, one of 5,175 such hardtop wagons that Oldsmobile built that year (8,498, including the Dynamic 88 line), didn't contain any provenance for the wagon – William Mitchell obtained cars for the museum from around the country – but noted that a 305hp 371-cu.in. Rocket V-8 with 38,500 miles powered it, and that it came equipped with power steering, power brakes, tinted glass, and an AM pushbutton radio.
The centerpiece of the auction, the 1954 Dodge Granada, typified Don Mitchell's experiments with fiberglass as a body material. Sitting on a regular production Dodge chassis and powered by a 150-hp, 241-cu.in. Dodge Red Ram Hemi V-8, the concept car uses a one-piece body, an advancement over how other fiberglass production and concept cars of the day were assembled from multiple fiberglass pieces . The Granada topped the auction, selling for $228,800.
Among the other cars from the museum's location, a 1948 Pontiac Streamliner Wagon and a 1949 Buick Roadmaster Wagon sold for $165,000 each; a 1904 Mitchell B2 Runabout sold for $137,500; a 1911 Mitchell Model T Touring sold for $110,000; a 1949 Buick Super Estate Wagon sold for $93,500; a 1919 Mitchell C Cab Truck sold for $88,000; a 1908 Mitchell Model I 5 Passenger Touring sold for $78,100; a 1953 Packard Caribbean Convertible sold for $71,500; a 1954 Dodge Coronet Sierra sold for $66,000; a 1950 Buick Roadmaster four-door Woodie Wagon and a 1953 Buick Roadmaster four-door Woodie Wagon sold for $55,000 each; a 1957 Continental MK II sold for $53,900; a 1951 Buick Roadmaster four-door Woodie Wagon sold for $48,400; a 1908 Mitchell Model H Runabout sold for $46,200; a 1919 Mitchell 3 Passenger Coupe sold for $44,000; a 1956 Continental MK II sold for $40,700; a 1963 Buick Invicta Wagon sold for $36,300; a 1962 Oldsmobile Dynamic 88 Fiesta four-door Wagon sold for $30,800; a 1955 Buick Special EST Wagon and a 1953 Kaiser Golden Dragon four-door sold for $28,600 each; a 1970 Rolls Royce Silver Shadow Saloon sold for $22,000; a 1917 Mitchell D 40 Jr five-Passenger Touring sold for $18,700; a 1961 MUTT M151 Truck sold for $14,300; a 1983 Cadillac Seville sold for $11,000; and a 1955 Willys Military Utility Vehicle sold for $6,325.
For full results from the Mitchell Car Museum auction, visit SheridanAuctionService.com.


text: Painted Gnomes Allowed To Roam On Oakland Utility Poles January 31, 2013 Over the past year, small, elfin creatures started springing up all around Oakland, Calif., on the base of utility poles. The local utility had vowed to remove them but now says the paintings can stay. Listen Loading… 4:47 Playlist Download Embed Embed Close embed modal <iframe src="http://www.npr.org/player/embed/170781602/170782126" width="100%" height="290" frameborder="0" scrolling="no">


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Originally written on The Other Paper | Last updated 5/6/13
J.R. Smith's less than robust performance during the New York Knicks 102-95 loss to the Indiana Pacers in the Game 1 of their playoff series at Madison Square Garden Sunday did little to quell the rumors that the NBA's Sixth man of the Year was out partying at Manhattan's 40/40 Club Saturday night. Photos and videos of the Knicks guard were posted on the Internet showing Smith draining a bottle of some sort of libation while enjoying the Mayweather fight the night before the opening game. Smith was a dismal 4-of-15 and 2-of-6 from outside the arch in 34 minutes of play. After the Pacers had their way with him for most of the game, Smith finally showed a little defense and went after who else — his detractors. Smith denied he was "clubbing" on Twitter and the @team wish Instagram posted this "Official NBA Bandwagon Transferal Form" and a warning for all of his haters. First an for most I wasn't clubbing before the game so y'all can kill that. Don't try an find reasons when I miss shots! #HopOff — JR Smith (@TheRealJRSmith) May 5, 2013 Here y'all go! instagram.com/p/Y8wDhltfPe/ — JR Smith (@TheRealJRSmith) May 5, 2013 An entertaining series just got even better. Keep those tweets and Instagrams coming J.R.
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A body was found just off a path near Ingra Street and E. Fireweed Lane Thursday evening, said Anchorage police.
At 4:49 p.m. a dog walker called police reporting the body lying near the intersection. The caller said the body was frozen, said Dani Myren, police spokeswoman.
Police are awaiting autopsy results. Myren said it's too early in the investigation to speculate on a cause of death.
The body was the second found in the Chester Creek Trail area in the past two weeks. The trail is just a few blocks away from where the man was found Thursday.
On Feb. 1, a woman also walking her dogs west of 19th Avenue and C Street, about a mile away, spotted the body of 39-year-old Thomas Evan lying in the creek and called police. The cause of death is still under investigation, according to police, although foul play is not suspected.
In December, two women were found dead from exposure just days apart.
Reach Tegan Hanlon at email@example.com or 257-4589.
By TEGAN HANLON


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Jacob Adam Bell
Position: G
Height: 6-5 Weight: 300 lbs.
Born: March 2, 1981 in Cleveland, OH
High School: St. Ignatius
College: Miami (OH) (school history)
Drafted by the Tennessee Titans in the 5th round (138th overall) of the 2004 NFL Draft.
Weighted Career AV (100-95-...): 35 (2712th overall since 1950)
Let people know you like this site. Sponsor this page for $5. Your message will replace this ad.
Output includes all games from 1920 to 2014.


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Up for sale is this beautiful 1969 Buick GranSport 400 Convertible. The vehicle has undegone a full rotisserie restoration in 2009 by the previous... More
This Gran Sport is a two owner car that looks like new and has won numerous awards. When it was actively campaigned from 1997-2009... More
1969 Buick Gran Sport Convertible. Stage One 400 cubic inch. Totally stock. Numbers matching. Build sheet. All refurbished parts NOS. Starship Enterprise Ram Air. Rare Dual Stage... More
1969 Buick Gran Sport GS 400, Fully documented Canada built car in true mint condition - as new in all aspects - all original -... More
Cameo Cream, All Black Interior, Brand New Cloth Top and Vinyl boot cover. Stage One Ram Air Hood (functional) 400 cu.in. motor with Holly 4-... More


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Updated 10/21/2014
This trendy 21-and-over establishment attracts a diverse and discerning crowd to a somewhat quiet stretch of India Street with its solid seasonal fare and understated midcentury vibe. At the center of the intimate, award-winning interior is a chandelier made of stainless steel tubes cut to reveal soft, twinkling lights. Chef Kathleen Wise covers the gamut of comfort food from Belgian-style fries and marinated olives to organic macaroni and cheese, juicy roasted chicken, and a fish of the day paired with mushrooms and bitter greens. Cocktails are just as creative and seasonal as the cuisine; in hot weather the Starlite Mule in a copper cup is the perfect way to cool off. Brunch is served on Sundays.
3175 India St., San Diego, California, 92103, United States
Website: www.starlitesandiego.com
Restaurant Details:
Updated 10/21/2014
No Thanks


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American Idol
Must Listen: Stefano Langone's Pre-Idol Hip-Hop Tracks!
You may not be able to tell from Stefano Langone's star turns singing Stevie Wonder and Simply Red on American Idol, but the guy's got some serious chops bringing the hooks to hip-hop songs. Stefano can belt out a rap chorus like nobody's business!
If you don't believe us, just check out these pre-Idol tracks with Stefano singing the high notes to local hip-hop artist P.Smith's rhymes. We're especially all about the song titled "Success" — which also just happens to be a subject Stefano knows a little something about nowadays.
If you're digging these tracks, well guess what? They're totally downloadable! So get to it.
Source: The Seattle Times
"Lovesick" by P. Smith feat. Stefano Langone
"Days Like This" by P. Smith feat. Stefano Langone
"Summer, Winter, Spring, Fall" by P. Smith feat. Stefano Langone
"Success" by P. Smith feat. Stefano Langone


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Anyone interested in going in on a group ticket purchase to the Bills game Sunday Oct 21st, sign up below. There are sevaerl different ways we can go: via Ravens FO, via Bills ticket office, or via a connection or in Buffalo.
Brokers' fees? No way!
Printable View
Anyone interested in going in on a group ticket purchase to the Bills game Sunday Oct 21st, sign up below. There are sevaerl different ways we can go: via Ravens FO, via Bills ticket office, or via a connection or in Buffalo.
Brokers' fees? No way!
I'm in
I'm sure Rick wants to go . . . . I'll tell him to check out this thread this evening.
I would be interested in the details but more interested in a San Fran game on 10/7. Thank you,
We're newbies to this board but my husband & I are definitely interested. We've made hotel reservations already, just so we'd have them.
BTW...heard the team will be staying at the Hyatt downtown Buffalo. Don't know how reliable that is. Anyone else heard anything?
My boss is a Buffalo native and she's been giving me tips. The stadium is about 10-15 mins. outside of Buffalo but easily accessible. She's the one that recommended I stay at the Hyatt because that's where the visiting teams have stayed in the past. She said Niagara Falls is about 30-45 mins. away, but she recommends getting your passport and seeing it from the Canadian side. It's supposed to be prettier.
Welcome, Jessica. We look forward to tailgate partying with you & husband at Rich Sadium.
Your boss is right on. Niagara Falls, NY is a dump. Ever see the movie "Canadian Bacon", as John Candy escapes from Canada back to the motherland of the smokestacks of Niagara Falls? If not: rent the movie.
Doubtful that we'll be able to get a large block of tickets at SF. I would expect a lot fewer participants for SF than Buffalo, which is one hour cheap flight or a six+ hour drive. I'll give it a shot with the 49rs ticket office and open a another thread re 49rs game.
As to details on Buffalo: you can fill in the blanks. All we do here is post the opportunity to get tix together and tailgate party.
I am definitely interested in tickets for Buffalo.
Denise (hdbike1)
p.s. to all, enjoy the beautiful weekend it looks like we are finnally getting!!!! :thumbup:
"she recommends getting your passport and seeing it from the Canadian side"
Its a good idea to get your passport but as of right now you dont need it to drive or walk into or out of canada or mexico. (its only needed for air or boat travel right now) In 2008 you will need it to drive or walk. Just an FYI.
I'm new to this site. Will someone fill me in on how this works for the Buffalo trip. Does someone get a block of tickets and we buy from that person? Do we make all our own hotel and air reservations? When will we know about the tickets? Thanks for the info!
Somebody, usually Mista T, will reserve a block of tickets from the away team. Then if you are interested you call the number that is provided and reserve your tickets. That's about the extent of what is done for you. After that it is up to you to reserve the airplane and hotel, although we try to all stay in the same hotel. If enough people are interested than a block of hotel rooms can be reserved. 2 years ago in Jacksonville we all tailgated at a park in the morning and the whole thing was catered. We each paid something like $20 a piece. At the very least we will arrange to all meet somewhere.
You can go through WNST or one of the Ravens Roost or Nest to get everything included but the price will be a bit higher. But if you prefer this convenience than maybe the extra money is worth it. I generally don't go through those any other organizations as this board is "my peeps".
Is there anything new as far as tickets?
If you are a seasoned traveler, or at least a risk taker, you can sometimes save $$$$ by making your own arrangements and hooking up with other message board members. I always save $$$, but I will fully admit to being a cheapskate when traveling: Southwest Ding fares, timeshare exchanges, below face value game tickets etc
If not, or for some cities where hotel deals or ticket availability make group deals more desirable, you should go with an organized group. One of our board sponsors is www.ravenstrips.com. They often put together a good & complete road trip package. In particular, if they can get group pricing in cities that have outrageous hotel ricing -- e.g. San Francisco or Seattle -- you may even be better off financially with an organized group.
I'm in Salisbury so I know you've had iffy weather. Enjoy your visit.
I am down for this trip. Let me know where people plan on staying.
We need 15 commitments to get group tickets. Price would range from $42 upper high rows to $58 upper lower rows. (With Stub Hub, the prices for matching seats is 100% to 150% higher).
Although I swore I wouldn't be the middle man again, I'll handle the tickets one more time, for this game only. I would need to make a financial commitment by June 9th. Which means I would need $$$ in hand by that date -- I have been burned before, so no exceptions unless I tailgate party with you!
Please make a firm decision by NLT May 30th, which means: send me a check by that date. (No, I don't trust Pay Pal). PM me for the address. If we do not get the 15 minimum, I'll shred your check.
Who is definitely in? I'm good for two tickets.
Thanks for playing middle man. Put me and the hubby down for 2, but I'd prefer the lower rows. I get a little hedgey sitting waaaayy up high. :eek: :eek: Let me know where to send the money.
BTW, we're at the Hyatt downtown. We're flying in on Friday morning and renting a car. We're definitely doing the falls and Toronto. Anybody up for some tailgating Sunday AM?


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Originally written on Fox Sports | Last updated 9/23/12
Oakland Raiders receiver Darrius Heyward-Bey has been taken to the hospital with a neck injury after a helmet-to-helmet hit from Steelers safety Ryan Mundy that was not penalized. Heyward-Bey was running across the end zone early in the fourth quarter Sunday to catch a pass from Carson Palmer when Mundy launched his body and lowered his helmet into Heyward-Bey's facemask. Heyward-Bey's neck jerked violently and his head also crashed into the ground. The pass was incomplete. The Oakland Coliseum crowd fell silent. Mundy and players from both sides kneeled in prayer. The home fans also started a derogatory chant at the replacement officials. Heyward-Bey's eyes were shut for the 10 minutes trainers attended to him as he lay motionless. He was strapped to a table and placed on a cart. As the cart started to leave the field, he raised his right hand to roaring cheers.
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25 Easy to Make Homemade Jewelry Crafts
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Colorful Button Rings
By: Savannah Starr
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Button craft ideas can start to seem boring after awhile. Luckily, these Colorful Button Rings Savannah Starr are anything but ordinary. Transform simple buttons into wild rings that you can wear every single day. Make a few and give them to friends!
- Buttons (Blumenthal Lansing)
- Adjustable ring findings
- Glitter
- Aleene's Tacky Glue
- Paper plate
- Paint brush
- Jewelry glue
- Foam board and craft knife
- Wax paper
- Puffy paint
Place largest button onto paper plate. Brush inside recess with Tacky Glue.
Sprinkle glitter over glued area. Shake excess glitter onto plate and return to glitter container.
Layer 3- 4 buttons to create a bright layered effect. Glue together with jewelry glue.
Test puffy paint on wax paper to be sure that all air bubbles are removed.
Squeeze dot of paint on top of button.
Sprinkle paint with glitter.
Cut slit into foam core. Press ring finding into slit. Apply jewelry glue to top of ring finding.
Carefully place layered button on top of ring finding. Let set undisturbed overnight or until glue is dry. Shake off excess glitter.
For a comprehensive video tutorial of this project, check out How to Make Bright Button Rings.
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Published on Thursday, June 25 2015 08:23
Earlier this week, Boulder County became the first county in the state of Colorado to adopt the Commercial Property Assessed Clean Energy (CoPACE) program, an innovative way to give commercial and multifamily property owners the ability to finance qualifying energy and water improvements on existing and new construction properties.
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Published on Thursday, June 25 2015 07:33
According to a Boulder City police report, a young female moose wandered into town and down the Pearl Street Mall on Sunday, June 21, gathering a crowd of curious onlookers.
An officer first spotted the animal at approximately 10:55 p.m. in the area of 14th and Spruce Streets. He then slowly followed the moose in his patrol vehicle when he saw the moose turn onto the Pearl Street Mall
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Published on Monday, June 15 2015 11:53
Boulder County's Transportation Maintenance Division will begin annual chip seal work on approximately 17-miles of county roadways on Monday, June 15. The work will take place from approximately 7 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., Monday through Thursday, and is expected to last two weeks, weather permitting.
Chip sealing work consists of applying asphalt to a road surface followed by a layer of one-quarter inch chips that essentially create a
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Published on Wednesday, June 03 2015 19:06
On Tuesday and Wednesday, June 16 and 17, Boulder County will accept applications for distribution of available Section 8 Housing Choice Vouchers for the first time since 2008. These vouchers provide rental assistance to qualified low-income households to help them obtain safe, decent, and affordable housing. The program currently serves close to seven hundred and twenty low-income households in Boulder County. It is anticipated
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Published on Thursday, May 07 2015 08:18
The Boulder County Elections Division is conducting outreach to ask all local voters where they believe Voter Service and Polling Centers should be located, as well as where to place any additional twenty-four hour mail ballot drop boxes. To capture resident input, the Elections Division has designed an online survey (https://www.surveymonkey.com/s/BoulderCountyVotes). Survey
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Published on Wednesday, February 11 2015 12:06
The City of Boulder's Open Space and Mountain Parks (OSMP) Department will increase enforcement of new Voice and Sight Tag Program changes that went into effect on Jan. 1. The changes require off-leash dogs to visibly display current blue Voice and Sight Tags, which demonstrate their guardians have complied with new program requirements. Previously issued green tags are no longer valid.
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Published on Thursday, December 18 2014 11:16
On Wednesday, December 17, 2014 five vehicles were broken into at two different trailheads in Boulder County. The vehicles were parked at the Bobolink Trail head, in the 5900 block of Baseline Road; and the Centennial Trailhead in the
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Published on Thursday, December 04 2014 14:37
Starting on Monday, December 1, dog guardians will be able to register for 2015 Voice and Sight Tags that will allow guardians and their dogs to explore the City of Boulder's eighty-seven miles of designated off-leash trails next year.
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Published on Thursday, December 04 2014 14:14
Editor's note: To avoid confusion, it should be noted that Colorado's Low-income Energy Assistance Program (LEAP) is not connected in any way to the Lyons Emergency Assistance Fund (LEAF).
Colorado's Low-income Energy Assistance Program (LEAP) has begun accepting applications for its 2014/15 season. LEAP is a federally funded program administered by the Colorado Department of Human Services (CDHS) that
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Dad who went missing with daughter: I'll be more careful next timeUPDATED 7:42 AM EDT Sep 27, 2013
Wallace Schroder, who was missing with his daughter on the Indian River overnight, spoke about the ordeal Friday morning.
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text: More Wiisearch: Helping Stroke Patients Owen Good and 14 othersEditDelete Invite manuallyPromoteXDismissXUndismissBlock for kotakuHide It seems like we these "health researchers using Wii in study" stories about once a month but, anyway, Oxford University, last I heard, was a pretty good school. And they're looking at the Wii as a means to help stroke patients relearn simple tasks. The study is a little more subtle than other research involving the… » 9/21/08 1:00pm 9/21/08 1:00pm


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23 year old woman | Thorntown, IN, USA | Seeking men 22-35 within 50 miles
Just looking for a dance partner.
Who I am is a young, friendly, adventurous, creative, loving, attentive, ambitious business owner and college student looking for a man who is confident and charismatic. I want to know that I will never have a dull moment with him. I believe that laughing and enjoying life is more important than deadlines, and stress, and cooperate achievements. I believe in family and friends. Small knit communities are what keep love and creativity alive. I want someone who will put as much effort into showing me his love as I will for him. I know that the little gestures are the most powerful. I don't need fancy things to keep me smiling. I need a sweet man who will care and provide for me not only financially but emotionally and physically. I understand that there is a delicate harmonious balance of physical affection, emotional support, trust, and communication that all has to be reached in order for a relationship to be successful. I just want someone too put in as much effort towards it as I do.
Some other viewpoint
Right now my favorite things are just great company, and fun filled activities. I love someone who likes to kick back and watch something funny on Netflix like Parks and Recreation. Or if you're into a drama, maybe watch some Breaking Bad.
I love to free my mind and have a good dance session. Something groovy like Passion Pit or MGMT. It's great to dance out your stress. Also love to go for hikes. Anyone into adventurous food quests. Trying different types of food is always fun.
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
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Motorola Remote Speaker Mic - This remote speaker microphone from Motorola makes instant communication easy. This speaker microphone for your two-way radio clips on to your lapel, jacket, or backpack so you're able to talk without needing to hold on to your radio. It's perfect for backpacking, skiing and more.
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Chunky Gazpacho
2 Feb 2011
|8 Ounce, peeled (2 Medium Pieces)
|Yellow pepper
|1 Medium
|Red onion
|1⁄4 Small
|Ripe tomatoes
|2 Pound, peeled, seeded, and chopped (About 6 Medium)
|Jalapeno chile
|1 Small, seeded
|Lime juice
|3 Tablespoon
|Extra-virgin olive oil
|2 Tablespoon
|3⁄4 Teaspoon (3/4 Plus 1/8 Teaspoon)
|Light sour cream/Plain low fat yogurt
|1⁄4 Cup (4 tbs)
|1 Tablespoon
|Finely chopped fresh cilantro
|5 Teaspoon
1. Chop half of 1 cucumber, half of yellow pepper, and all of onion into 1/4-inch pieces; set aside. Cut remaining cucumbers and yellow pepper into large pieces.
2. In blender or food processor with knife blade attached, puree large pieces of cucumber and yellow pepper, tomatoes, jalapeno, lime juice, oil, and 3/4 teaspoon salt until smooth. Pour into medium bowl; add cut-up cucumber, yellow pepper, and onion. Cover and refrigerate until well chilled, at least 6 hours or up to overnight.
3. Prepare cilantro cream: In small bowl, stir sour cream, milk, cilantro, and remaining 1/8 teaspoon salt until smooth. Cover and refrigerate.
4. To serve, ladle soup into chilled bowls and top with dollops of cilantro cream.
Recipe Summary
Difficulty Level:Easy
Course:Side Dish
Preparation Time:5 Minutes
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Chunky Gazpacho Recipe


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"Home" is a cover of the classic Michael Buble song, an emotive and heartfelt ballad, beautifully showcasing the smooth vocal talents of the band. With lush strings, soaring harmonies and an indelible melody, "Home" creates a sound that is both soft and mellow, yet still unmistakably 'Westlife'.
The single will be followed by Westlife's ninth studio album released in November.
Since their launch in 1998, Westlife have become a total cultural phenomenon. After nine years they are still at the top of their game and continue to surprise and astound in equal measure.


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Court decision allowing Christian prayer in public finally gets it right
Your recent editorial opinion that our Supreme Court erred in its recent decision to allow Greece, N.Y., to open its meeting with a sectarian prayer demands rebuttal.
Our founding fathers, under the threat of death at the hands of King George III, crafted a Declaration of Independence, in which the word God appears at least five times. All of these men had strong religious beliefs, and the document reflects those feelings. Had we been defeated in that great war of independence which followed, most certainly all of the signatures would have identified those to be executed for treason. Their religious foundations were firm. Notable patriots such as Washington, Jefferson, Hancock, Franklin and Adams all have issued strong statements proclaiming their firm religious beliefs, and were they alive today would be elated that our court has finally begun to rectify one of their prior misguided decisions. A minor victory perhaps, but a victory indeed.
Even though the word "God" does not appear in our Constitution, the very First Amendment of the great document regarding religion clearly states, "or prohibiting the free exercise of," and enables both secular and nonsecular constituencies to exercise their rights. Prior courts have erroneously prohibited the free exercise of a simple prayer recitation before public events and meetings. It is self-evident that the framers intended to convey that the federal government was not to interfere with the free and public practice of the Christian religion —the very thing courts have been doing since the 1960s.
At long last, the Greece decision got it right, and all prior courts subsequent to the '60s got it wrong.
Aside from our differing opinions on the current court ruling, you also have erred in your statement that we are not a "Christian Nation." Just what makes a Christian Nation? A majority? We qualify. The simple belief in a supreme deity? We qualify. A rational belief that we should love one another? We qualify. A belief that the fundamental 10 commandments handed to us from the Judeo tradition form a good foundation for living a good life? We qualify. Where then don't we qualify? Your statement that we are not a Christian Nation then begs the question: What then are we? Atheists, agnostics, believers in radical Islam, or are we just lost souls in this vast sea of secular diversity?
Arthur See, Canfield
Calm down Arthur! You'll blow a bloody gasket!
How's this for diversity, going all the way back to the beginning? Jefferson himself was a Deist -- look that up.
And this: Rep. Keith Ellison (D-Minn-5) was sworn into office using an English translation of the Qur'an that once belonged to President Thomas Jefferson. Ellison was born and raised a Roman Catholic, attended Un. of Detroit Jesuit High School and Academy, but converted to Islam in college.
You want to believe in Christianity? Fine! It's a fine religion! As good (and as bad) as there is. Hell, some of my best friends are Christians, but I never hold it against them. AND they never try to shove it down my throat.
Secular diversity? Sure! We have that in America! AND religious diversity!
Diversity! It's what makes America exceptional in the world.