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Iraq Questions: Warner and Durbin
[Sorry, the video for this story has expired, but you can still read the transcript below. ]
- Online NewsHour Special Reports: Iraq in Transition
- Investigating Pre-War Intelligence
- Nov. 11, 2005: White House communications director Dan Bartlett discusses President Bush's speech on Iraq intelligence
- Nov. 7, 2005: Peter Pace discusses the U.S.-led operation to root out insurgents in Iraq
- Nov. 4, 2005: Ret. Col. Lawrence Wilkerson explains his criticisms of President Bush's handling of the run up to the Iraq war
- Nov. 2, 2005: An update on the recent upsurge of violence in Iraq
- Oct. 25, 2005: U.S. Ambassador to Iraq Zalmay Khalilzad discusses the next steps.
- Oct. 19, 2005: Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice testifies to the Senate about U.S. policy in the Middle East
GWEN IFILL: And now for more of that Senate debate on where we stand in Iraq we turn to two lawmakers with opposing points of view. Republican John Warner of Virginia, chairman of the Senate Armed Services Committee, and Dick Durbin of Illinois, the assistant Democratic leader.
For the past several weeks, it seems like the president and the Senate have both, gentlemen, been engaged in discussions about what led us to the war in Iraq and also what happens next in the deputy prime minister's discussion with Ray Suarez kind of captured some of that.
Sen. Durbin, what is your response to the very last thing that Ahmad Chalabi said, which was it was justified all along?
SEN. RICHARD DURBIN: Well, I'm totally baffled by Mr. Chalabi's presence in Washington, D.C. The victory tour that he's been on over the past week — I mean, consider the facts: This man is a convicted bank embezzler, convicted of embezzling over $230 million in Jordan. He ran and fled to London so that they wouldn't punish him.
We know that he gave us discredited and false information about the situation in Iraq before the invasion, two specifics — the mobile biological weapons labs that came out of his sources turned out to be a total fraud, an embarrassment to the administration and Secretary Powell, and this so-called "curveball" who turned out to be a brother of one of Chalabi's aides has been totally discredited in terms of what he said about weapons of mass destruction.
Last year, with the direction our government, we raided Mr. Chalabi's homes because we believed that he was passing secret information from the United States to the Iranians about a code we had broken to monitor their development of nuclear weapons.
Last week, the F.B.I. said Mr. Chalabi was under active investigation for that activity, and yet he still managed to make this victory tour to the vice president's office, the secretary of state. I don't understand it. I'm baffled by this man.
GWEN IFILL: Let me ask Sen. Warner what he thinks about it. Obviously, Sen. Durbin feels strongly. Do you think that Ahmad Chalabi should not have been welcomed with open arms in Washington this week?
SEN. JOHN WARNER: You know, we're trying to foster democracy, and we're succeeding, in Iraq. They have a legislature. The legislature's designated him as deputy prime minister. And it seems to me, quite right that our country should listen to the deputy prime minister, particularly at this critical time in history, when we're supporting the referendum, which just took place and the new elections.
And I say to my good friend, he met with the secretaries of defense and state, and I might add, Sen. Levin yesterday, and based on that, I felt that I would see him tomorrow.
So if Sen. Levin felt it was necessary to see him, I accepted that opportunity when he asked to see me.
GWEN IFILL: Sen. Warner, obviously today the Senate began responding to what some of the public opinion polls have been showing, which is that Americans are getting a little weary of the war, are at least a little antsy about when a withdrawal will be occurring.
The nonbinding resolution you agreed to today would set not a timetable but a general target for 2006 as the beginning of a transition. Why not a timetable for withdrawal?
SEN. JOHN WARNER: Well, first a bit of history here: There's a lot of dissension here in Washington. And I personally believe when we can find common ground between the Democrats and Republicans we should do so, and that way to try to reassure and regain confidence in the people that we're doing their business.
When the Democrats decide to put forward a resolution on Iraq, they gave it to me, I studied it. I also had prepared, at the direction of our leader Frist and others, a detailed resolution stating a different approach.
But then it occurred to me, that this was an opportunity to try and achieve a measure of bipartisanship and we succeeded. Today 79 Democrats and Republicans voted in favor of my amendment, and the amendment simply states our mission there, what we hope to achieve, and indicates in very clear language that our nation and our coalition partners have contributed a great deal in loss of life, loss of limb, billions of dollars each week, and it's now time with the elections on December 15, for Iraq to step up and take charge of their own government in a stronger and better fashion.
I was just there six weeks ago. And the defense minister said he couldn't even find the money to pay his troops. So we cannot tolerate that. And this resolution says that in detail, but carefully, I eliminated any reference to a timetable. It's not in our interest. It would play into the hands of our adversaries, the terrorists, if we were to set a timetable.
GWEN IFILL: Sen. Durbin, Sen. Frist, the majority leader, has been saying today that the Democratic version of this, which would have had a timetable, would be essentially cutting and running. Why no timetable?
SEN. RICHARD DURBIN: Well, I tell you that I think this was a significant resolution, and I want to salute my colleague. We may disagree on a lot of things, but I think what he said is right.
There was a bipartisan statement today by the Senate. I thank him for his leadership in drawing us to that point, and that bipartisan statement said that it's time for a change of our policy in Iraq.
We've got to make it clear in this administration, 2006 is a year of significant transition, not just another weary year in this war in Iraq; secondly, that the Iraqis have a responsibility here, a responsibility to protect themselves and to build a political coalition that can defeat insurgency and the resolution is explicit: The president is going to be held accountable, report to Congress every 90 days, in terms of progress we made.
GWEN IFILL: Sen. Durbin, I want to ask you about that reporting to Congress every 90 days. It might surprise people to know that Congress hasn't been receiving ongoing reports like this on the war. Why not? And what difference will this make?
SEN. RICHARD DURBIN: Well, unfortunately — and I won't speak to the senator's — Sen. Warner's committee — but unfortunately too many committees in Congress are not accepting their responsibility of oversight, not holding the president accountable, the secretary of defense accountable.
It's a rare occurrence to see them up here, and I think we need to see them more, and I think the fact the American people are troubled by the progress in this war, or the lack of progress in this war, really calls on this administration to be held more accountable.
This bipartisan resolution or amendment, I should say, that we passed today, really breaks new ground, and it says we're going to have a new policy. The status quo, staying the course, is not acceptable.
GWEN IFILL: Sen. Warner, as Ray Suarez mentioned to Ahmad Chalabi, 2006 is just a couple of months away. Are you convinced, from what you know, that Iraq is ready, that the are troops ready, that this is actually more than a pie-in-the-sky resolution?
SEN. JOHN WARNER: This is by no means a pie in the sky. This is a stiff message from the Congress, and it really in many ways supports what the president has been saying, and indeed he has issued to our committee and the committees of the Congress many, many, many reports. But this one broadens the base of facts and the contents of those reports in future every 90 days.
Now, I'm firmly of the belief that it's necessary and we have done it in this resolution to send the strongest message, bipartisan, forward looking, and addressing the critical nature of the next six months. When this situation, unless we pull together, Iraq working with the coalition partners, and particularly the United States and Great Britain — unless they shore up their government with a new one — replacing the old one — and take charge of the affairs of their people and their military and show the determination to regain full sovereignty, then we could face indeed a civil war. And we do not want that to happen. We've generously given of life, limb, and our money and our support. We do not want to see a civil war develop.
GWEN IFILL: Sen. Durbin, you have said the decision to go to war in Iraq was a colossal error in judgment. Do you feel like you're getting the information, the accurate information you need now to make a decision as a U.S. Senator about whether the error continues or whether we've turned a corner or whether — what went before matters any more for the future?
SEN. RICHARD DURBIN: Some of the information Sen. Warner and I receive is classified and can't be discussed, but just a few weeks ago one piece of classified information was disclosed when Generals Casey and Abizaid told a meeting of your committee that only one battalion was prepared to stand and fight independently. That's a long way from 160,000 American troops currently risking their lives in Iraq at this moment.
We have a long way to go, with half of the people unemployed, with electricity service not even at the level of the day of our invasion, with oil production still way behind.
There's a lot of progress that needs to be made before Iraq is stable, but we need an honest plan for success in Iraq, and I think the vote today said to the president, we need to change the course.
GWEN IFILL: The president, Sen. Durbin, if I stay with you for a moment, has been saying that Democrats in particular have been rewriting history and retelling the story to suit their own cold feet, as it were right now. What's your response to that?
SEN. RICHARD DURBIN: I think the president's statements are wrong and inaccurate. The fact of the matter is I was on the Senate Intelligence Committee. Statements being made by members of the administration about things like aluminum tubes and nuclear weapons went far beyond what we were hearing behind closed doors in that Senate Intelligence Committee room. And I couldn't say anything publicly.
The fact of the matter is, misleading information was coming from the administration. Whether or not it was intentional or otherwise, the Senate Intelligence Committee will decide but to say that we have the same level of intelligence data as the President of the United States is just plain wrong.
He receives a daily intelligence brief from the director of the CIA. We don't have access to that kind of information. There's much more intelligence information available to the president as it should be, as commander in chief.
GWEN IFILL: And, Sen. Warner, on that same point, is history being rewritten in your opinion by the critics of the president, especially at a time when public opinion is sliding away from him?
SEN. JOHN WARNER: Well, we should always, in this country, debate the past when it's appropriate to do so. And I don't criticize those who have views different than mine. I supported the president. Indeed, I supported President Clinton when he likewise said it's time for a regime change in Iraq. And he was deeply concerned about it.
So we have consistently been trying to bring about a measure of democracy in Iraq. And I think there's been a considerable amount of success. But the next six months requires us to put aside this fighting and squabbling over the past. Debate it sometime, fine, but not inject it into what we must be viewed worldwide, not only in Iraq, but worldwide, as standing steadfast with the Iraqi people, and particularly this new government, in trying to bring about a measure of democracy in that country and avoiding civil war.
GWEN IFILL: Sen. John Warner, Sen. Richard Durbin, thank you both very much.
SEN. RICHARD DURBIN: Thank you.
SEN. JOHN WARNER: Thank you.


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August 12th, 2005 #1
Did anyone else think Romero's latest outing was a tad...ungratifying?
I saw this flick the other day, and I love his previous zombie films, definitely one of the forefathers of zombie movies and when the film started I thought it was really going to rock.
I thought the atmosphere was awesome, I thought most of the acting was great and i liked the cast of characters and the spin on the Zombies was pretty cool.
But when the movie finished, it really really felt like it could have lived up to so much more, it was a relatively short film and the myriad of cast members felt really underused. There was just that something i couldn't put my finger on.
For me 28 Days Later still remainds the stand out zombie flick of the last 10 years or so, that movie had me shitting myself.
Oh, and i thought Pretty Boy the driver chick was hot as all hell.
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subset: commoncrawl


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Mercedes-Benz ML350 Problem Report
Mercedes-Benz ML350 Check Engine Light Due to Faulty Camshaft Adjuster Solenoid
(107 reports)
The camshaft adjuster solenoid (which is related to the variable valve timing system) may fail or timing chain/balance shaft components may wear, resulting in illumination of the Check Engine Light and various drivability issues. Mercedes-Benz has released a service bulletin outlining specific repair instructions depending on fault codes stored.
Check Engine Light stays on. First I was told the camshaft adjuster solenoids needed to be replaced - I had all 4 replaced. The Check Engine Light came back on the next time I used the vehicle. Now I'm being told the balance shaft gears are wearing and the balance shaft needs to be replaced - estimate is $5,500. Mercedes is aware of the issues but has not issued a recall. From things I've read on the internet, a national class action complaint is being prepared - let's hope the courts can force Mercedes to "do the right thing". - Visitor
60 people like this
I was informed by Mercedes service that my virtually new vehicle has a camshaft problem such that the camshaft has to be replaced for no less than $6,600. This sounds like an endemic problem in these models necessitating a recall by Mercedes. Please let me know if anyone else is experiencing this problem with their vehicle. Best Regards, Michelle T. Harrington - MercOwner100
27 people like this
Check engine light at 66K miles, transmission shifting hesitation in 1st and 2nd gears, failed electronic test for emissions at DMV with "Camshaft is out of alignment with crankshaft." Mercedes confirmed and gave an estimate of $5000. I asked them if they could cover it under the 60K mile warranty and they came back and said they'd cover 2/3rds of it. I then contacted them with information from this site and mentioned a class action suit from New Jersey, and this time they came back and said they would cover it under warranty. The camshaft had only 2 teeth remaining on the sprocket at the time of repair. As they were fixing this issue they also encountered broken seals and worn parts in the automatic transmission (also estimated as $5000 to repair.) Since the camshaft was covered, they decided to cover the transmission repairs as well. Appreciate the fact that they covered the repairs (the parts were called 'faulty' by the service tech), but it required much negotiation on my part, with them first trying to get me to pay for the whole thing, but eventually they gave in when they realized I knew they were trying to get me to pay for repairs to faulty parts. - Visitor
15 people like this
The Check Engine light comes on randomly and I'm tired of having it checked. The ML350 transmission is a piece of crap and I've neer been so disappointed in a vehicle in all my life (BMW, Nissan, Isuzu, GMC, Mitsubishi, Mercedes). Mercedes should be ashamed of themselves - this car should have been recalled years ago. I refuse to put one more penny into this poorly designed transmission. If anyone has this problem (and I'm sure there will be several) threaten to write a letter to the regional manager and that should get you somewhere. Once I'd did that my $2000+ bill disappeared magically. With that said, they know this is a systematic problem and worse yet, only Mercedes is "authorized" to fix the problem. - axmosley
8 people like this
CEL while traveling out of state with young son. Went to the local MB dealership, always serviced at our home state MB dealership and had copy of all service records in car. I was told that the repair would be $5800! Zero offer of MB assisting with cost of this known problem (unknown to consumer at time of purchase) This was our first and last MB. Thankfully I was visiting my home state and was able to trade it in (at a wholesale price) on a new(non MB) vehicle. We will NEVER buy another MB and 3 of my family members just sold or traded in their MB for another brand. We are just thankful we were not hurt. Cant imagine that MB could know about problems with the balance wheel, crankshaft and not feel the need to inform their customers. Never once while having our vehicle serviced at a MB dealership was this mentioned. - Visitor
8 people like this
$250 later.... Check engine light came one and I was told a sensor in the camshaft had gone bad. If this is an issue, why aren't they covering these issues? - Visitor
7 people like this
Check Engine light on for 3 months, Have been told by 2 different MB shops that problem is Counter Shaft Gear Wear (Known Problem) and the Other Shop says it needs an intake manifold. Both Repairs in the Thousands of dollars. - Visitor
6 people like this
Check engine light comes on and when check indicates cam sensor problem. I was told that Mercedes knows about this problem and has a silent recall on this. When I checked with them one dealer indicated it knew nothing about it and another did. The one that did wanted receipts showing regular oil changes which I did most of the time by myself and could not produce. Now an estimate to repair on my own is close to $5000. - Visitor
6 people like this
Check engine light came on at 70356miles. Was told thermostat camshaft adjuster magnet and oring need to be replaced. Engine was running colder than it needed... maybe the camshaft was stuck open. Cost $550. I am tired of this ML 350 and will be looking to unload it very soon. - Visitor
5 people like this
P0016 an P0017 error codes. - Visitor
4 people like this
2 of the 4 solenoids were bad, took to dealer as soon as light came one, repair just under $400 to replace solenoids, parts $39 x2 and labor was the rest, all at the dealer - Visitor
3 people like this
Faulty exhaust and intake camshaft solenoid magnets. Check engine light comes on and then a call from your repair shop with a quote for $550 for two. Already had two replaced when vehicle had only 15K miles on it. MB must know or have known there is a problem here. - Visitor
Engine light on, Cam shaft sensor, burns oil, lost power and started "missing" - comes and goes. - Visitor
fault codes 1200 1208 Check engine light balance shaft worn, timing chain stretched engine pulled, separated from transmission, disassembled, r and r: timing case, lower panels, upper oil pan, lower oil pan, replace cam magnets, replace timing chain, reassemble, about a week at the Mercedes dealer, thousands of dollars..... . - sam001
Not Fixed yet. Check Engine came on. Throwing p0016 and p0017 errors. Also the car is randomly shutting down with a noise coming from the front end and the ABS failure lights coming on. After restart the car works ok. - Visitor
My check engine light would go on and off for years, particularly when there was a sudden change in the outdoor temperature between seasons. Unfortunately, every time I brought my car in for service, the check engine light was not on, so I was told not to worry, bring it back when the light was on. Finally, even though the check engine light was off, well after my warranty expired, it was discovered the camshaft sensors were faulty. Cost of repair $1,507.06. - Visitor
Had the check engine light. The dealer fixed the faulty cam position. Two months later, same problem. MB must recall these cars. - Visitor
69k p0016 and p0017 codes tranny shifts rough in first and second gear - Visitor
Hi,I have same problem with mine 2006 ML350,check engine was on for a couple months and car was running fine until it was time for emission ,checked codes on the car and p0016,p,0017 took to local MB service and estimate for repair over 6K,besides this car got more issues ,since we bought it used 2years ago car had always knocking noise in the steering,not long ago light started to come on for low oil, car also wile driving unlocks and locks by it self,driver seat(leather)started to crack!So disappointed with this car"mercedes" name should be quality! My friend that drive cheaper cars don't have this issues,not even close! - Visitor
I bought this car used. Check Engine Light came on the next day. Repositioned the gas cap after filling. Light went off temporarily. Went back to dealership with car and the replaced the solenoid at their expense. A couple of days later CEL came on again, then went off by itself the next day. However, now the car mysteriously slips in the driving gear the engine revs and the car loses power to the point that I am just coasting. I have to turn the car off and back on and then Drive works correctly. This is the third time in 4 days this has happened. I am going to try and take it back to dealership and replace it with another car. I cannot afford for this to continue to happen. BOOOOO! to Mercedes for not issuing a formal recall. And double-boo for whatever CARFAX the dealership uses not pointing it out to them before I purchased the car!! I will report the outcome with the dealership so that everyone will know whether it is reputable or one you need to run away from. - hha3rd
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What is the problem and which part should be replaced and the cost.
the steering wheel adjustment mechanism was hit by my knee when it was not locked and something...
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I have mercedes ml350 year 2008 with about 120,000 miles on it. Last week the timing belt rippe...


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Suzuki DL650 vs XT1200Z
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Smiles when says dat
Joined: Mar 2007
Location: NJ
Oddometer: 13,763
I definitely noticed some buzz at that RPM...but the Tenere is known for a bit of that as well...
My personal take is that no motorcycle is without it. Just me...I did some "princess and the pea" poking of guys that complained about the Tenere's buzz, I really never notice those things.
DL buzz at 4k+? Yes. Noteworthy? No. To me, totally normal.
I am replacing the bars so that my hands aren't canted, and when my hands get sleepy I change my grip...I know more stating the obvious, but just my take on both bikes.
If you've the money and the place to ride it, get the Tenere, stepping out the rear wheel in TCS Mode 2 by itself is worth the price of admission. Made me feel like a superstar, which I'm not.
The Strom, I feel happy with it because I have that "poor kid" reflex where when I have something really expensive I feel guilty about it.
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Described is a method for switching Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) data streams for a fast delivery of voice, video, image or data, or a combination thereof, from one (or more) system(s) to one (or more) other system(s) based on inventor's TCP switching design. The proposed TCP switching system further provides for the consolidation of multiple data protocols in the conventional five-layer stack of Internet protocols, namely, Physical (layer 1), Data Link (layer 2), Network (layer 3), Transport (layer 4), and Application (layer 5). In this patent, the organization of this modified TCP, called the Fast TCP protocol, and the algorithm for establishing communications between any two or more end-systems through any number of intermediate TCP switches, called the Fast TCP switches, are described. The method of TCP switching is installed in the end-systems and intermediate Fast TCP switches to provide medium-independent communications. The medium of communication can be any medium such as copper, fiber or radio.
1. A method for transmitting data, voice, and video between a source and a remote station wherein data/packets are transmitted using a modified/Switched/Fast Transport Control Protocol (TCP), the method comprising:
transmitting a packet to a remote station using said Fast TCP wherein said packet comprises:
at least one option which comprises three fields,
a Kind field which defines the type of option,
a Length field which defines the total length of said at least one option in octets, and
a Size/Value field which defines the contents of said at least one option using at least one content identifier which comprises of:
a fixed or variable length segment/packet size indicator,
a Path Identification Number (PIN), and a Channel Identification Number (CIN) for identifying virtual circuits VCSCs) between systems or nodes,
a packet flow control parameter, or
a network management parameter which can include packet checksum parameters,
wherein each field is a minimum of one octet, said fields are arranged in a predefined manner in the TCP option field, and said at least one option ends on the octet boundary, and
receiving and processing said packet at said remote station.
2. A method as defined in claim 1 further including
(a) broadcasting system look-up or address resolution messages of Fast TCP packets through all system ports or interfaces during system start up wherein said packets comprise:
interface addresses, system IP addresses, values for setting up VCS with adjacent systems, VC bandwidths or message delivery priorities, corresponding station interface and IP addresses, and/or acknowledgment messages comprising corresponding source VC identifiers and bandwidth values,
(b) completing a three-way VC set up message exchange, and
(c) setting up access tables wherein said access tables are used to transmit and receive data/packets on the VCS.
3. A method for transmitting data using the Fast TCP protocol as defined in claim 1 wherein the Fast TCP is compatible with conventional protocols and has the capability of using IPV6 addresses.
In order to set up a communication between any two or more computer systems or similar other systems, any digitized delivery of voice, video or data has to meet the rules of the five layers of the Internet and other families of protocols. The topmost layer (layer 5) is the Application layer that represents such protocols as File Transfer Protocol (FTP), Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), Telnet, and others. The next two protocol layers, layers 4 and 3, are called TCP and Internet Protocol (IP). These are used by the systems attached to the Internet and other private networks. The layer 2 is the Data Link layer protocol. The examples for the layer 2 are Ethernet, Fiber Distributed Data Network (FDDI), Frame Relay (FR) and Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM). Some of these layer 2 protocols transgress into other protocol layers, above and below, as dictated by the nature of transmission rules of the protocol. The bottom Physical layer (layer 1) is represented by the physical medium of transmission such as the single-mode or multi-mode fibers used for ATM, twisted copper pairs used in Local Area Networks (LANs), radio channels for Wide Area Networks (WANs), and related hardware.
The conventional mode of transmission of digitized signals, hereinafter called digital transmission or simply data to represent all forms of digital transmissions such as voice, video, text, and image, is generally datagram based. Datagram implies a preassigned set of data bits, grouped together in what is called a packet, that is transferred from one end-system to another more like postal mail delivery system. Each packet has a header that carries information about the packet such as its source system address, destination system address, its length, a methodology to check its accuracy and some other related information. For instance, the header for IP packet, which is a minimum 20 Bytes (160 bits), carries information such as version, length of the header, type of service, total length, identification (of the packet), flags (to activate certain options), fragment offset (identifying a portion of the packet if it is not the whole packet), time to live, protocol number, header checksum source IP address, destination IP address, options, and padding (of bits if necessary). All these can use up to 64 Bytes of data. The data portion of the IP packet follows the header. Any other type of frame or packet (all hereinafter referred to as packet only) has a similar bit make-up.
For smaller packets, such as in the case of ATM packets, a larger overhead of header data compared to its data content (called payload) is employed. Use of such high overhead causes congestion in the traffic channels and slows down transmissions. This is further compounded by the fact that raw data output from an end-system is encapsulated by the protocol packet from the layer below which is further encapsulated by the protocol packet from the layer still below and so on. For example, to the TCP header is added the IP header, to which is added the FR header and so on down the protocol suite to transmit an e-mail coming out of an end-system that rides on, say, an FR network.
Overheads burden transmission and network latency. The current environment of multi-protocol usage both in the LANs and WANs add an inordinate amount of header overheads to raw data, that is raw information content, thereby greatly slowing the process of transmission as well as adding to the potential for errors, traffic congestion and delay. The reasons are obvious: the bulk of bits transmitted and complex rules of individual protocols increase the barriers to a smooth traffic flow significantly. This environment is further complicated by the fact that TCP is session oriented protocol on top of the IP and other protocols which are oriented as datagram protocol. The former (TCP) establishes a virtual or logical connection between two end-systems while the latter (IP) provides real routing of packets along the most suitable path decided by the (packet) routing mechanism.
The proposed invention, comprising TCP switching, eliminates the multi-protocol complexities for the first time. The invention provides the tool for converting the conventional or classical TCP into Fast TCP resulting in the SLAP. In brief, this mechanism establishes a TCP session through TCP switching devices thereby eliminating the need for layer 2 switches, layer 3 routers and all other multiplexing or concentrator devices.
This invention comprises a mechanism that eliminates the need for multiple layers of protocols for transmission of data, voice and video. The mechanism provides the means for switching TCP data traffic in a session oriented mode. This is accomplished by the inclusion of source and destination port addresses of the end-system applications along with the provision for logical links and sub-links for fast transmission between the intermediate switches. The system therefore provides for addressing of TCP data through port addresses as well as virtual communication paths. Additionally, the system provides for establishment of any bandwidth for data transmission limited only by the throughput of physical media of transmission and the end-system buffer sizes. The system, as described in this patent, allows for a session as long or as short as the users or the end-systems system wish.
By using this Fast TCP mechanism, the need for IP packets is eliminated. The user need not use layer 2 protocols either, such as Ethernet or ATM, thereby saving a significant amount of bandwidth for link set ups and controls, and avoiding errors and delays. What is left is then the application running in the end-system which is directly passed on to the TCP switching protocol (layer 4 protocol) and from there to the Physical media (layer 1). So all layer 2 and 3 protocols are totally eliminated. Eliminated also are several layer 4, such as User Datagram Protocol (UDP) and layer 5 (Ping) protocols. This provides for a simple, robust and reliable transfer of data from layer 5 to layer 1 via layer 4 which is now the Fast TCP.
Thus the advantages of using TCP switching as the only transport protocol for sending digitized signals between two or more protocols are many. A summary is provided below.
Since IP datagrams are avoided, no routing of protocols takes place thereby avoiding routing delays such as those caused by the asynchronous receipt of IP datagrams and the subsequent need to resequence the data, router-to-router path identification process, packet forwarding process and also the overhead of the IP header. This is true of the layer 2 protocols also.
Since datagram transmission can take place through any number of unknown routers (especially in case of the Internet) and no checksum of the body of the data is done by the IP layer, the security of data is compromised. Fast TCP, on the other hand, maintains a checksum of both its header and data, flow control, and management at the end-systems as well as the intermediate Fast TCP switches. Any corruption or modification of data in transit is therefore immediately detected. This provides built-in security and data integrity.
Fast TCP also all speeds of data delivery on any type of media in a session oriented mode. So, both voice and video are included with raw data in the transmission process by careful selection of port addresses. All three forms of transmission can travel the same path in Fast TCP so long they are identified separately to port addresses.
All these therefore add to significant cost and time savings providing the most efficient form of digital transmission of voice, data and video as well as in the savings of installed equipment and the staffing required to operate and maintain them.
FIG. 1 is view of the Fast TCP header with Fast TCP Options.
FIG. 2 is a view of the Fast TCP with conventional IPV6 (IP Version 6) header.
Although the disclosure hereof is detailed and exact to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention, the software and hardware embodiments disclosed herein merely exemplify the invention which may be embodied in other specific software and/or hardware structures.
The scope of the invention is defined in the claims appended hereto.
As shown in FIG. 1, Fast TCP retains the header format of the classical TCP as identified by parts numbered from 1 through 10. The uniqueness of Fast TCP, different from the classical TCP, lies in the assignment of bit patterns to the 6-bit field called Reserved field, which is identified as part number 6, and assigning new functionalities to the Option field, parts identified as 11 through 20, to provide the needed functionalities of Fast TCP.
In the classical TCP, the Reserved field of 6 bits is not used at all. They are all zeros. In the proposed Fast TCP, the first bit of the 6 bits in this field is set (made 1 from zero) prior to the transmission of the Fast TCP segment of the type described here. This indicates to the TCP segment receiver that the format of the Fast TCP has been applied. The remaining parts, 1 through 10 excluding 6, of the first twenty bytes of the classical TCP header are retained in the Fast TCP. In the Fast TCP, three basic options are added in the Option field, identified in parts 11 through 20, prior to the Data field as identified in part number 21. These options begin and end on octet boundaries as in the classical TCP.
The classical TCP allows only three options that are of little consequence and as such add little or no value to the technology. In contrast, the Fast TCP functionalities available in the Option filed add a host of functionalities to classical TCP and render it free of all other protocols in its and other layers below it. These Fast TCP options make the size of the Fast TCP header 32 bytes long including the conventional TCP functionalities, as identified by the parts 1 through 10, which make up a total of 20 bytes.
The three basic Fast TCP options proposed are provided below.
Case 1: The first octet, identified as part 11, defines option kind 3 (00000011). The second octet, identified as part 12, defines length 4 (00000100) in octets. The third and fourth octets together, indicated in part 13, define fixed segment size suitable for voice and video transmissions. This option is used for fixed segment transmissions as in the case of voice. This fixed size is recommended to be 64 bytes in total.
Alternative to the above selection, if a variable length message is used for raw data or image, the above option fields are replaced by the following selection. The first octet, identified as part 11, defines kind 4 (00000100). The second octet, identified as part 12, defines length 4 (00000100) in octets. The third and fourth octets together, identified as part 13, define variable segment size suitable for data and other asynchronous transmissions. The option kinds 3 and 4 are mutually exclusive for the same segment.
Case 2: The first octet, identified as part 14, defines kind 5 (00000101). The second octet, identified as part 15, defines length 4 (00000100) in octets. The third octet, identified as part 16, defines the Path Identification Number (PIN) and if the length identifies four octets in all, then the fourth octet in this option kind, identified as part 1, defines Channel Identification Number (CIN). The PIN identifies a unique path which is analogous to the logical or virtual circuit representation of a trunk circuit implemented in common telephony. The length of the path is allowed to vary from an 8-bit definition to 16-bit definition. There are thus a range of 1 to 255 logical or virtual paths for single octet part 16 and a maximum of 65,535 virtual paths for a two-octet part 16 ignoring all zeros in these octets. Similar to a path and identified by a unique CIN, a channel is a subset of a path and is logically analogous to the channel in common telephony. There are thus a range of 1 to 255 logical channels for a single octet part 1 and a maximum of 65,535 logical or virtual channels in two octet part 1 ignoring all zeros in these octets. The combination of path and channel in option kind 5 identifies a link, which is a virtual circuit, between any two Fast TCP switches or between a Fast TCP switch and a Fast TCP end-system for the duration of a connection. For any connection, there could be one to two octects for a path connection and one to two octets for channel. There will always be a minimum of one path and one channel in any link. Any application running on a Fast TCP end-system will have only one virtual connection to another end-system. Such a connection will be identified by the PIN, CIN, the source port address and the destination port address of the application.
Case 3: The first octet, identified as part 18, defines kind 6 (00000110). The second octet, identified as part 1, defines length 4 (00000100) in octets. The third and fourth octets together, identified as part 20, define Flow Information Notification (FIN). The FIN defines the requirements for flow control and network management variables. Examples are: constant bit rate, variable bit rate, buffer overflow, congestion in the forward direction, congestion in the backward direction, and other traffic and switching parameters.
Constant bit rate connection is identified by one set bit, the last bit, in the fourth octet of this option. Variable rate is identified by two set bits, the last two bits, in the fourth octets of this option. Connections with variable bit rate must negotiate a range of bit rates between two values. These values are minimum and maximum bit rates, and a maximum burst size at the time of connection establishment.
Examples for the last two octets in part 20 are given below.
______________________________________Constant Bit Rate 00000000 00000001Variable Bit Rate 00000000 00000010______________________________________
The maximum bit rate with maximum burst size will define the peak maximum to be used for a connection. The variable bit rate will be used for video and data. The remaining six bits in the fourth octet, identified as part 20, define other flow related parameters. Examples are given below.
______________________________________Forward Congestion Notification (FCN) 00000000 00000100Backward Congestion Notification (BCN) 00000000 00000101______________________________________
Case 4 (Optional case): This is an optional addition to the first four options described above. In this option, the first octet defines kind 7 (00001011), second octet defines length 4 (00000100) in octets, third octet identifies the type of message while the fourth and later octets carry the message itself. All five octets together define Management Information Notification (MIN). This provides administrative, operational, maintenance and security information to the system administrator and users. The examples of such information are: system set up and tear down, system active and inactive, real-time and historical statistical data, network usage at any time, alarm conditions, failures and repairs, undesirable Fast TCP switch or end-system log-ins, undesirable segments in the network, faulty segments, and other similar information.
Instances of the third and fourth octets are provided below for a selection of management functionalities. Implementors or standards bodies will provide same or similar arrangements.
______________________________________Set Up Local System 00000000 00000000Set Up Remote System 1 00000001 00000000Set Up Remote System 2 00000010 00000000 : : : : : :Set Up Remote System 256 11111111 00000000Bring Down Local System 00000000 00000001Bring Down Remote System 1 00000001 00000001Bring Down Remote System 2 00000010 00000001 : : : : : :Bring Down Remote System 256 11111111 00000001Hello Local System 00000000 00000010Hello Remote System 1 00000001 00000010Hello Remote System 2 00000010 00000010 : : : : : :Hello Remote System 256 11111111 00000010No Local System 00000000 00000011No Remote System 1 00000001 00000011No Remote System 2 00000010 00000011 : : : : : :No Remote System 256 11111111 00000011Local System Alive 00000000 00000100Remote System 1 Alive 00000001 00000100Remote System 2 Alive 00000010 00000100 : : : : : :Remote System 256 Alive 11111111 00000100______________________________________
All remote systems in the above description are directly or indirectly connected to the local system. Therefore, the system administrator or user will set up remote system as well as manage remote system from the local system. This provides a unique strength to the Fast TCP protocol.
More messages are built up in this manner for robust and reliable propagation of network management information. It is noteworthy to see that as many 256 messages are available for system administration and operation. This is much wider a selection of network management variables than available in any of the contemporary protocols. If the implementor so chooses, more messages are added by increasing the length of this option on octet boundaries.
The option kind numbering scheme presented above as 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 are instances of a selection only. These numbers will be different for any Fast TCP standard implementation selected differently but the effect of the implementation will be the same as in fast TCP. Other options are similarly added for other features as Fast TCP standards body would want.
A connection is set up either in the PVC mode or in the SVC mode. Each set up identifies the first message with the SYN Flag bit set in part 7. In case of the PVC set up, the system administrator assigns PIN, CIN and the application source number to each connection as needed. The destination port number is a well-known port assignment. These assignments remain constant for the duration of a connection. A new set of assignments is generated each time a new set of connections is set up. The new set may retain the same PINs and CINs as from the previous suite of connections if desired.
The administrator also selects a number of functionalities that are necessary for the network and system house-keeping. Instances of this are: set up time, log of PIN and CIN of each connection, number of failures of each connection by PIN and CIN, statistical data on failures by connection and time of day, statistical data on FCNs and BCNs, duration of failure of a connection and similar other requirements.
The sequence of events in SVC set up is an automated procedure. The procedure is initiated by an application wanting to send data to a remote location. It works as follows.
1. The local system transmits a Fast TCP segment with option kind 3 (or 4), 5 and 6, as identified in parts 11 through 20, with the SYN Field set, as identified in part 7 to the nearest connected Fast TCP switch identified in the local system's switch availability table. This table is generated at the time the local system is physically connected to one or more remote switches. In this table, each end-system as well as each Fast TCP switch is associated with a group of connected switches that bear hierarchical connections heading toward the desired end-systems. For instance, an end-system in Philadelphia, USA, trying to set up a connection for messages going to Tokyo, Japan, will look for Fast TCP switches connected to Fast TCP continental gateway switches marked for Asia. The continental gateway switches will comprise switching tables for other continental Fast TCP switches listing continents. For connections within a continent, the Fast TCP switches will in turn have listing by country and within a country, by states or regions of the country. Within a region, the listing will go down to the city, county and still more granular levels. The configuration of the Fast TCP switching tables will be determined by the network service providers as well as the local and regional communication control administration.
The cascading switching tables will thus follow rules of connection set up similar to modem digital telephony. The greater the region covered by a switch, larger is its table for referencing the best choice of connection to the remote end-system. The switching table also provides selected characteristics for the connections. The Fast TCP switch availability table has local significance only. The local system or switch thus always selects the nearest Fast TCP switch that is available.
2. The local system issues unique PIN and CIN, identified in parts 16 and 17, starting with 1 and 1 or any other chosen set of two numbers for the connection that is being set up to the nearest available Fast TCP switch.
3. The three way handshake similar to that in the classical TCP connection set up follows with a timer started to track acknowledgment delays.
4. Once the connection is set up, the local system does housekeeping. As a minimum, it maintains a log of PINs and CINs for all connections associated with the remote system applications for the duration of the connection. It starts a timer with the start of a connection to develop a log of statistical data on the connection.
5. The SVC set up continues from local system to the first connected Fast TCP switch which in turn continues the process by sending the Fast TCP message to its nearest connected switch. The process continues from switch to switch until the remote end-system has been connected by the last switch in tandem.
6. The local system then sends the data traffic after receiving the acknowledgment from the remote end-system. Once the data flow starts between the two end-systems, the intermediate Fast TCP switches do not send acknowledgment back to the sending switch system for each segment received, nor do they carry out checksum calculation. Checksum is done after the data is passed through to the next switch. It is done to determine if the received data was corrupted. If so, it sends a MIN message of the appropriate type to the sending switch which helps cascade it down to the sending end-system where the segment is regenerated and sent again. This process is significant in providing the speed in Fast TCP switching. If a subsequent segment is received when the checksum is being done on the previous segment, which was in error, the case is handled in a manner similar to the way an end-system handles such as event in the classical TCP.
No window sliding takes place in a Fast TCP switch. If the receiving buffer in a Fast TCP switch approaches its capacity, a suitable MIN message is sent to the sending System. In case of congestion, FCN or BCN messages are generated and sent by the switch.
Tear down of a SVC connection is much simpler and similar to classical TCP. The system wanting to close the connection sends a message with the FIN Flag in part 7 set. The receiving system, if it is a Fast TCP switch, continues to send the message on the prescribed PIN and CIN.
It is estimated that it will be three to four years before Fast TCP will be adopted by the majority of the users. In order therefore to make a smooth transition from classical TCP to Fast TCP, the IPV6 address is included in the Fast TCP header with a selection of options in the Option field as shown in FIG. 2. This transforms a Fast TCP segment into an IPV6 packet. But the handling of the packet at layer 4 is same as Fast TCP since the options behave as described above. However, all classical layer 2 and 3 protocols will treat such Fast TCP segments as IP packets thereby eliminating the need for emulation of IP packets.
As more and more Fast TCP switches and systems are implemented, pure Fast TCP segments will be used. Therefore, during the transition period, the Fast TCP header will not use the 1 as the first bit in part 6. This implies that a Fast TCP switch and end-system will have the dual capability of acting as a router as well as a Fast TCP switch. As a routers, these switches will route IPV6 packets.
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Subject is pictured above wearing outdoor shooting for the somewhat different color. Please see the product pictures below color. Also, if you have a concern please don't hesitate please consult.
Height 165 cm black use: Inner Pochette Hairclip Boots Necklace Hair elastics
Height 153 cm pink using: One piece (short height) Necklace Leggings (ユーズドウォッシュ-S size) Boots (Brown) Hairclip (Beige)
It's not just チュールワンピ! Large and small polka dots show the splendor, a little romantic tank piece. Under the tulle bodice fabric is satin material that now attract the attention. Somewhat shiny satin material took the washer, and Livingston and fall easily, so relaxed it's merely spread in silhouette, draws a beautiful a-line. Tulle is now big featured material, so say definitely seasonal keywords are filled with tightly トレンドワン piece items. キャミワンピ, so is one of great success during all seasons!
Loose bodice and wide armholes so easy to match with any inner tank piece. Sewn on again as オーバーキャミソール is, of course, also petticoat your recommended! Tulle is longer than the body fabric, so transparent is very light.
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Carretera Nacional V Km. 393,2
06080 Badajoz (Extremadura)
Tel.:+34 924448188
Fax.:+34 924448033
- Autonomous region: Extremadura
- Province/Island: Badajoz
This course is characterised by its broad fairways and large greens, which require distance from the tees and precision on the approach. It is an interesting course for the diversity of the of the terrain, while its 14 lakes require great concentration on the part of players, along with a good range of different strokes. It is ideal to acquire experience, with great precision required. Its fairways are flanked by numerous species of trees, with palms, olives and holm oaks.
General Information
Opened in: 1992
Designer: D. Daniel Calero González & D. José Mª Cañizares
Number of holes: 18
Par for the course: 72
Information on services
Bunker, Cafe, Club hire, Club house, Gym, Paddle tennis, Putting green, Restaurant, Shop, Swimming pool, Tennis court


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There is a small chance that the cervix or uterus could be
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You may feel some soreness in your vagina for a day or two. Some
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can use a sanitary pad for the bleeding. Do not do strenuous exercise or heavy
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During this on-demand webcast, we offer engaging commentary and analysis around fintech's growth trajectory in the small business segment and the emergence of significant opportunities to deliver digital financial services to address this rapidly growing market segment.
In order to examine the strategies and challenges for achieving operational excellence for payments, we gathered a panel of industry thought leaders to discuss and debate the current state of the payments landscape.
The importance of keeping customer-facing real time networks, such as ATMs, up and running has never been more important. What strategies can banks take to ensure their ATM networks are resilient and failsafe, preventing future publically embarrassing outages?
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Visit http://www.giftedtigers.org/ for the latest information.
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Crock Pot Granola Recipe I am so excited to share this recipe with you. Back to school time is just around the corner and my kids love granola. We use Homemade Granola for snacks, to top yogurt parfaits, and just with a little bit of milk in the morning. We have experimented with all kinds […]
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What would/did/will your Pre-TTC list look like?
Anything from the fun (dye your hair again/travel/etc) to the practical (start prenatal vits/have a check up) is welcome and wanted!
I am having a hard time deciding what our list should look like and if I'm missing anything!?
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DD Seraphina born at home on 2/21/2012!"Childbirth is more admirable than conquest, more amazing than self-defense, and as courageous as either one."
Definitely what Kaydove said: I might add to check ferritin, folate, and glucose ....and anything else you may have had in issue with in your last pregnancy. Get started on a good prenatal, dha supp, and anything that you're low in. Get an exercise program going if you don't already. Think about lowering caffeine intake and see if there's any improvements you'd like to make to your diet and water intake.
Also have your partner get started on a good multi and exercise.
I would start charting, (temps and cm at least) to see how my cycle is looking. (clear temp shift after O, long enough luteal phase, good ewcm, etc.) Those are really good things to trouble shoot beforehand. Read: "Taking Charge of Your Fertility" for all the info on that.
You could also go in for your annual exam if you're due and get up to date on dental work and/or cleanings.
I suppose if you want a piercing or tattoo now would be a good time because I believe some wont do them on pregnant women. ;)
Best of luck to you!!! :)
Definitely start taking folic acid three months before you actually start trying. Charting is also a good idea because the longer you do it, the easier it is and the more info you have. But just generally, feeling healthy is a good idea if you don't suspect you will have any problems. Good luck!
Married to a wonderful woman since 2010. Baby boy C arrived in June 2013!
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Daemen College : Academics & Research : Division of Health & Human Services : Paralegal Studies : Certificates
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Internship/Career Field Experience
Although not required, students have the option of completing PAR450 Paralegal Internship (3) as one of the Paralegal Studies electives.
At the time of admission to the program, students must possess a baccalaureate degree from Daemen College or other accredited institution, OR be currently enrolled in a degree program (other than the BS, Paralegal Studies program) at Daemen College.
In addition to the requirements for admission to the certificate program which are referenced above, students must achieve an overall grade point average (GPA) of 2.25 or better in ACC225, CMP101, and PAR201.
A maximum of 25% of paralegal studies courses may be transferred to meet certificate requirements.
*Paralegals may not provide legal services directly to the public except as permitted by law.
Health Care Studies Professor Justine Tutuska, accompanied by her students, traveled to the Dominican Republic to work on Public Health Issues and school building.
©2014 Daemen College : 4380 Main Street, Amherst, NY 14226 : 800.462.7652


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I am splitting a text file into blocks in order to extract those blocks which do not contain a certain line by using a regular expression. The text file looks like this:
id: id1
name: name1
xref: type1:aab
xref: type2:cdc
id: id2
name: name2
xref: type1:aba
xref: type3:fee
Someone helped me a few days ago by showing me how to extract those blocks which do contain a certain regular expression (for example "xref: type3"):
while (<MYFILE>) {
BEGIN { $/ = q|| }
my @lines = split /\n/;
for my $line ( @lines ) {
if ( $line =~ m/xref:\s*type3/ ) {
printf NEWFILE qq|%s|, $_;
Now I want to write all blocks in a new file which do not contain "xref: type3". I tried to do this by simply negating the regex
if ( $line !~ m/xref:\s*type3/ )
or alternatively by negating the if statement by using
unless ( $line =~ m/xref:\s*type3/ )
Unfortunately it doesn't work - the output file is the same as the the original one. Any ideas what I'm doing wrong?


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A Pompano Beach call center has 350 immediate job openings.
Frontier Airlines says it is outsourcing some of its functions at Denver International Airport, and many of its DIA workers will be interviewing for jobs with "business partners."
The cuts will come between March 9 and 31 at the end of an undisclosed client project, the company said.
Bert Quintana, president and CEO of Nashville-based Sitel, has been named to the company's board of directors.
Nashville-based call center company Sitel is adding 3,500 jobs across the United States and Canada, according to a news release.
Los Angeles-based CBRE Group Inc. (NYSE: CBG) has named executive Mandy Edwards as the real estate firm's global Chief Information Officer, leading th ...
Nashville-based Sitel is looking to hire 3,000 additional employees this year, WPLN 90.3 FM reports.
Sitel, a Nashville-based company that operates customer care call centers, said it plans to add 3,000 jobs at centers across the U.S. and Canada.
Nashville-based Sitel, which operates a global network of call centers, will hire 3,000 new employees at facilities in the U.S. and Canada, according ...
Sitel said it wants to fill 200 positions in its call center in Albuquerque after adding a new unnamed client to its business.
A job fair for military family members is set to take place at White Sands Missile Range near Alamogordo on Oct. 9 and 10.
Sitel says it has added a new retail client and needs 150 additional workers at its Albuquerque call center.
Nashville-based Sitel will open a new call center in Ocala, Fla., the company announced today.
Nashville-based Sitel Corporation is suing its insurance provider for denying claims related to a $33.5 million lawsuit.


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Stay updated with all the latest happenings at Techjoomla. From news about the developments in your favourite extensions to Tips & Tricks about the Joomla CMS, Framework & Development.
Zoo is one of the most versatile CCK extensions available in Joomla. Its flexible & at the same time easy to use for end users. Inspite of these positive points, there are times when you have to dive into development & Zoo APIs to develop your own custom views.
In this particular case, we wanted to develop a List/Grid view with Zoo ( of a particular Content Type) which showed all Zoo attributes in a table view for easier data viewing on the frontend for content managers. In this blog, we will tell you just how to go about doing that !
You must be thinking what's the big deal ? Just fetch the records based on submission id & display them in any way you want.
Well... Its not as easy as that, as Zoo uses JSON to store record data which is great.. But its makes it a bit difficult to render zoo elements. Its quite complicated to get zoo item details from database by executing queries.Even if you manage it won't be robust . To get related records from table you have to deal with a 36 key string, which zoo uses as field identifier. So lets get away from this hassle of doing it with your own code. Thats not the right way to go about it anyways !
Lets take a look at how best to do that using the Zoo APIs.
// Get the Zoo Instance $zapp = App::getInstance('zoo'); $items = $app->table->item->all(array('conditions' => 'id = '.$Zoo_Item_id)); //$Zoo_Item_id must be zoo item id of which you want to render details foreach($items as $item) { foreach ($item->getElements() as $id => $element) { echo $element->render(); } }


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by Jordan Laio, Networx
Clean water is one of the fastest diminishing resources on the planet right now. Besides literally flushing it down the toilet, we also sprinkle a lot of it on our lawns… which is basically the same thing as flushing it down the toilet. It is not uncommon for a lawn to consume four times as much water as all the rest of your landscaping.
When you live west of the 100th meridian, where rainfall is much more scarce compared to east of the 100th meridian, it's a little insane to expend such a valuable resource on an investment with meager returns (yeah, a well-kept lawn looks good, but that's about it). But, like Benjamin Franklin quipped, only "when the well is dry, [do] we know the worth of water."
Uncle Sam Wants You to Green Your Garden
Some forward-thinking municipalities have started offering rebates to individuals willing to replace their lawns with drought-resistant plants. For instance, the Santa Clara Water District was recently offering rebates up to $3,000 to entice people to replace grass lawns with less thirsty plants.
While ripping out your lawn and planting a native species garden in its place is a very smart thing to do and an excellent step towards water conservation, maybe you're not ready for that type of change.
Start With the Flowers
A simple way to make your yard more green (both literally and figuratively) and colorful at the same time is to start by switching out more water-thirsty flowers for drought-resistant ones.
A great first step is to look at local native flowers, especially if you live in an arid region. To do this, stop by your local public library or speak with someone from your local county extension office.
Plants native to arid climates are designed to withstand extended periods of drought. For instance, the California poppy (or golden poppy) grows throughout the Southwest. It is drought tolerant and tough like a weed, and yet its petals are delicate and beautiful enough to be the California state flower.


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Fatty liver, or steatosis, is a broad term that describes the buildup of fats in the liver. Having fat in your liver is normal, but if more than five to 10 percent is fat, then it is called fatty liver disease.
Fatty liver is a reversible condition and usually goes away on its own. Fatty liver often has no symptoms and does not cause any permanent damage.
The liver is the second largest organ in the body. The liver's function is to process everything we eat or drink and filter any harmful substances from the blood. If too much fat has accumulated in the liver then this process is interfered with. The liver commonly repairs itself by rebuilding new liver cells when the old ones are damaged. When there is repeated damage to the liver, permanent scarring takes place. This is called cirrhosis.
Fatty liver is quite common. Ten to 20 percent of Americans have too much fat in their liver, but no inflammation or damage is present. Most cases of fatty liver are detected between ages 50 and 60. When fatty liver is caused by an underlying condition, it can become harmful to the liver if the cause is not recognized and treated.
There are typically no symptoms of fatty liver. Some people experience fatigue or vague abdominal discomfort. The liver may become slightly enlarged—which your doctor will notice with a thorough physical exam.
If the liver has become inflamed, there may be other symptoms, such as poor appetite, weight loss, and feeling extremely weak, sick, or tired.
The most common cause is alcoholism. Almost all heavy drinkers have fatty liver disease. Other causes are toxins, certain drugs, and inherited metabolic disorders. In many cases, doctors are not exactly sure what causes fatty liver in people who aren't alcoholics, but it has been associated with high blood cholesterol, obesity, and type 2 diabetes.
Fatty liver develops when the body creates too much fat or cannot metabolize fat fast enough. As a result, the leftover is stored in liver cells where it accumulates to become fatty liver disease. Eating a high-fat diet does not directly result in fatty liver.
Besides alcoholism, other common causes of fatty liver include:
There are four types of fatty liver:
Nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) develops when the liver has difficulty breaking down fats, which causes a buildup in the liver tissue. The cause is not related to alcohol. NAFL is diagnosed when more than 10 percent of the liver is fat.
Alcoholic fatty liver is the earliest stage of alcohol-related liver disease. The liver is damaged by heavy drinking and unable to break down fats. If the patient abstains from alcohol, the fatty liver will go away. Within six weeks of being alcohol-free, the fat will disappear. However, if excessive alcohol use continues, cirrhosis may develop.
When the fat builds up enough, it will cause the liver to swell. If the original cause is not from alcohol, it is called NASH. This disease can impair liver function. Symptoms can be seen with this disease, such as loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and yellowing of the skin. If left untreated, NASH can progress to permanent scarring of the liver and eventual liver failure.
This is a rare complication of pregnancy that can be life threatening. Symptoms begin in the third trimester and include persistent nausea and vomiting, pain in the upper-right abdomen, jaundice, and general malaise. Women who are pregnant will be screened for this condition. Most women improve after delivery and have no lasting effects.
Since fatty liver is the buildup of extra fats in the liver, it is more likely to develop if you are overweight or obese.
Other factors that may increase your risk for fatty liver are:
If the liver has become inflamed, your physician can detect it by examining the abdomen. An extensive history may reveal fatigue or loss of appetite as well. A thorough history will include alcohol use and other medications or supplements.
Higher than normal liver enzymes may be found on a routine blood test. This does not confirm a diagnosis of fatty liver. Further analysis will look for the cause of inflammation.
The fat on your liver will show up as a white area on the image. Other imaging studies may be done as well such as a CT (computed tomography) scan or MRI (magnetic resonance imaging). Imaging studies can detect fat in the liver, but will not be able to confirm any further damage.
A needle is inserted into the liver to remove a piece of tissue for examination (after giving a local anesthetic to lessen the pain). This is the only way to know for certain if you have fatty liver. The biopsy will also help your doctor learn the exact cause.
Treatment focuses on the factors that may cause the disease. Common interventions center around:
To reduce your risk of fatty liver, make healthy lifestyle choices, such as:
Most cases of fatty liver are harmless and will not lead to progressive liver disease. If the cause is related to high cholesterol, diabetes, or obesity, then treating the cause will reverse the fatty liver process.
If the cause is alcoholism, cessation of drinking may allow the liver to heal completely. A biopsy can determine if there is permanent damage, how bad is the damage, and how it needs to be treated.


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I am a seasoned Field Engineer and Project Manager. Having worked in Telecommunications and Technology for over 20 years, I have the experience and skills to bring your project to fruition.
If you have a depolyment or intergration project you would like to discuss, please feel free to give me a call at (336) 341-8887 to discuss your needs


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TV & Cable Broadcast Producer-Directors who responded to the survey indicated only a few skills that they use on the job. Most notably, skills in Video Editing, directing, Graphic Design, and Adobe After Effects are correlated to pay that is above average. Those listing Adobe After Effects as a skill should be prepared for drastically lower pay. Graphic Design and directing also typically command lower compensation. Aptitude in Adobe After Effects tends to also indicate an understanding of Video Editing.
Median of all compensation (including tips, bonus, and overtime) by years of experience.
Experience and income seem to be closely related; in general, the survey respondents who had worked for more years reported higher incomes. The average worker who claims fewer than five years of experience earns around $40K. In contrast, however, individuals who report five to 10 years in this occupation see a much larger median of $52K. The average pay reported by folks with 10 to 20 years of experience is around $62K. Folks who have racked up more than 20 years in the field report incomes that aren't that much higher than less experienced individuals' earnings; the veterans make just $66K on average.
For TV & Cable Broadcast Producer-Directors, busy New York offers a higher-than-average pay rate, 95 percent above the national average. TV & Cable Broadcast Producer-Directors will also find cushy salaries in Los Angeles (+19 percent).
|Highly satisfied
Rated 4 out of 5
based on 59 votes.
31 %
69 %
|Medical: 80%
|Dental: 70%
|Vision: 59%
|None: 20%


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Tom Bihn Western Flyer
I'm considering this bag for my next trip. It is slightly smaller than the standard carry-on but I'm wondering if this might be the answer for tighter and tighter restrictions. It's 18 x 12 x 7. I pack very light so it might work. And if I keep it under say 12 pounds, I should be able to carry it on to just about any airline.
Anyone here every use it? Opinions?


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The Race for Hope DC - Presented by DTZ, is the country's largest brain tumor community event.
The race has raised over $22 million dollars for research since 1998. Join more than 12,000 participants in our nation's capital for this inspiring event.
For more details and to register, please click HERE.
2014 Over the Edge for Brain Cancer in San Diego, CA was a huge success, grossing over $215,000 for brain cancer research! Want to join in on the fun in 2015? Register today! For more information, and to watch the 2014 event video, please click HERE.
Join ABC2 as we Race Towards A Cure for brain cancer! Challenge yourself to an endurance event while raising funds for important brain cancer research. We are a charity partner in top events around the country. For more information, please click HERE.
Even if ABC2 is not a charity partner in your selected event, you can still raise funds for us through our Race Towards A Cure - Athlete's Choice program.
For more information, please click HERE.


text: http://ubuntuforums.org – Hey, anyone manage to get android working on any of the linux laptops? I know that android has been ported to laptops such as the inspiron, but in order to put android on it I'd have to repartition and put ubuntu back on it and yadda yadda yadda. Anyone know for a fact how to? (Hardware)


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Sausage Soup
30 May 2009
|Bacon slices
|Bulk sausage
|1 Pound
|1 Medium, sliced
|Canned condensed beef broth
|10 1⁄2 Ounce
|Butter beans
|8 Ounce, drained
|Worcestershire sauce
|1⁄2 Teaspoon
|Dry mustard
|1⁄8 Teaspoon
In skillet cook bacon till crisp.
Drain off fat.
Crumble bacon; set aside.
In skillet cook sausage and onion till meat is browned and onion is tender.
Remove sausage and onion from skillet; drain on paper toweling.
In saucepan combine sausage and onion, broth, green beans, wax beans, butter beans, worcestershire, mustard, 2 cups water, 1/4 teaspoon salt, and dash pepper.
Heat through, stirring occasionally.
Top each serving with bacon.
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Sausage Soup Recipe


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Kokatat Bahia Tour
Where to Buy
sponsored links
Manufacturer's Description
Visit Kokatat's Bahia Tour page.
Retailers' Descriptions
Here's what other sites are saying:
Kokatat designed the Bahia Tour Personal Flotation Device for anything from kayak-based fishing to paddling through a chain of lakes. The variable-thickness foam back and mesh vents reduce bulk and promote air circulation to keep you cool during the hot summer day. The Kokatat Bahia Tour Personal Flotation Device has a high back design to work well with recreational kayaks or boats with tall seats. Front and back reflective tape improves visibility to spotlights, and a tab in back the back holds a strobe to help the cavalry locate you.
- Backcountry.com
Offering extra comfort in boats with tall seat backrests, the Kokatat Bahia Tour PFD minimizes bulkiness and maximizes airflow.
Kokatat Bahia PFD - The Bahia PFD by Kokatat is designed with freedom of movement and comfort in mind. A great PFD for recreational kayakers, the variable thickness foam back with mesh vent panel minimizes bulk and maximizes airflow against the taller seats of recreational kayaks and sit-on-tops. The articulated front panels curve around the wearer to make the most comfortable high back PFD available. Made with Gaia PVC-free foam, the Bahia is soft and flexible, while the durable 210D nylon oxford shell offers lasting comfort and performance. It has adjustable neoprene padded shoulders, and multiple side adjustments to make sure you get a secure fit. The large armholes and mesh vent panels allow unrestricted movement and airflow, while the front lash tab and zippered pocket help keep items secure. Whether you are paddling your favorite lake or in the open ocean, don't leave home without
- Outdoorplay
With multiple pockets the Kokatat Bahia Tour PFD lends itself to long paddles with lots of gear. Ideal for kayak fishing, too.This product will be shipped directly from Kokatat and will leave their warehouse in 1-2 business days. Eligible for UPS ground shipping only.
Kokatat Bahia Tour
currently retails for:
$99.00 - $129.95
$99.00 - $129.95


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Soft Sketch HD Lite
By H. Rock Liao
Open iTunes to buy and download apps.
"Soft Sketch HD" automatically creates a sketch based on your picture. Simply load or take a picture and the sketch is generated in a few seconds! The style is one-of-the-kind, in that a touch of dreamy/softener effect blends in with your pencil-line sketch.
Your sketch can be placed onto different backgrounds (30 varieties!) according to your taste. Also included are demo images for an immediate spin.
"Soft Sketch" uses our proprietary sketch algorithm and will give you extraordinary pleasure in turning your daily photo into a beautiful sketch.
You'll love it!
** Note: This is the Lite Version of Soft Sketch HD. In Full Version (ads/watermark free), you can SAVE and EMAIL the result.
What's New in Version 1.7
Fixed crash when dismissing library
iPad Screenshots
Customers Also Bought
- Free
- Category: Photo & Video
- Updated: 03 August 2011
- Version: 1.7
- Size: 98.4 MB
- Language: English
- Developer: Hsi-Wen Liao
- © 2011 Apps4U. All Rights Reserved.
Compatibility: Requires iOS 4.3 or later. Compatible with iPad.


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What "Tan Mom" Looks Like Today!
What "Tan Mom" Looks Like Today? It's an improvement, but then again almost anything would have been. See the latest picture by clicking here –
Fashion At The 2015 SAG Awards
Check out all the photos from Sunday's SAG Awards.
Dallas Cowboys The 2014 NFC East Champions
The Dallas Cowboys beat the Indianapolis Colts Sunday, and clinched the NFC East and a playoff berth yesterday. Check out all the pictures here.
Instagram Just Released Five New Filters
Instagram has had a great year so far. They introduced the time laps feature and announced they have over 300 million users. Well they just introduced 5 new filters for your using pleasure. You can […]
Check Out Channing Tatum's New Bleached Hair
…but really, that face he's making ought to be the headline. Set to star in the 1950's flick Hail, Caesar!, Channing Tatum debuted a new head of hair over the weekend. See the pictures from […]
The Best Santa Experiences In DFW!
What is the Christmas experience without pictures on Santa's lap? But, some locations take the Santa experience above and beyond! Here are the three best Santa experiences in Dallas and Fort Worth, click here!
BREAKING: Kourtney Kardashian Takes Her Shot At Breaking The Internet
Looks like little sister wants in on the action. Kourtney Kardashian is following in Kim's footsteps, releasing nude photos today via Dujour Magazine. She and her pregnant belly might just be able to do what […]
Madonna Topless: Hot Or Not?
Madonna has been around a while, but you've never seen her like this before! After sitting down with Interview magazine and discussing everything from drugs to God with illusionist David Blaine, the Queen of Pop […]
Diem Brown's Ex-Boyfriends Post On Instigram Will Bring You To Tears
If you followed Real World/Road Rules Challenge you know who Diem Brown is. If you watched the show you also followed her relationship with CT. His Instagram posts after her death will bring you to […]
17-Year-Old Hilariously Transforms Himself Into Popular Celebrity Photos
This might be the greatest thing we have seen all week. This 17-year-old has recreated popular celebrity photos. Once you get past the initial weirdness, it is actually really funny. I think we should make […]


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'Wellness policy' to change school nutrition
SAN MARCOS -- A "wellness policy" proposed for the San Marcos Unified School district is expected to help promote healthy eating habits by keeping students' hands out of the cookie jar -- literally.
Included in the policy is a ban on birthday celebrations that involve cake and other sweets, as well as all high-calorie snacks, candy and chocolate bars.
The policy requires 25 percent of all planned celebrations and reward events to be held without food and it will be up to principals at individual schools to determine which events fall into that category.
Additionally, every school must incorporate nutrition education into its curriculum.
"This policy will be the most important thing I've done in the district in 26 years," said Pam McCoy, the district's director of child nutrition services, who plans on retiring in October. "I believe it's a gift to the students of the future."
The federally mandated policy is expected to be approved by the board June 12 and be put into effect by July.
The proposal began to take shape in January with a meeting of a committee of parents, teachers, principals and representatives from the district's Child Nutrition Services, and is part of the new nutritional standards set by the California School Board Association.
The policy fulfills the requirements of Senate Bill 12 and Senate Bill 965-- both of which put specific restrictions on the caloric content of the foods served at schools and ban carbonated beverages starting in July 2007.
McCoy said the committee focused on birthday celebrations because they offered the best way to help the district establish a focus on behaviors and attitudes of younger students in the district.
"We have to start teaching the kids to stop eating recreationally," said McCoy.
The ban also calls for an end to candy fundraisers and will rid both Mission Hills and San Marcos High of chocolate bars and hard candy sales, she said.
Fundraising activities would be restricted to parent teacher organizations and may be used only once per school year. Neither candy or chocolate bars will be sold, according to the policy.
Following the lead
The goal is to implement the same standards that Carrillo Elementary principal Fred Wise decided to set two years ago. Wise banned sugary treats such as sheet cake, cupcakes and icing, and insisted on a "healthy snacks or no snacks" policy which has proved successful, said McCoy.
Janice Lotwin, a member of the parent teacher organization at Carrillo Elementary who attended the policy meetings, said she expects there to be many "grumblings" about the wellness policy just as there were when Wise made the changes.
But Lotwin said she remains confident that people will adjust to the changes and embrace them just like many parents eventually did at Carrillo.
"The kids at Carrillo don't expect to have the candy and cake anymore," said Lotwin. "It's ingrained in them now and they even police each other. I think this policy would be great for everyone."
Lotwin said she doesn't believe the policy will have much of an effect on parent teacher organization fundraisers at the elementary school sites because most campuses have replaced candy fundraisers with wrapping paper and hosting jog-a-thons.


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The Gamecocks have been hot and heavy after quarterback recruit Drew Barker.
They've done an outstanding job with the quarterback to a point where it looked like an early commitment was inevitable for the Gamecocks.
It's all seemingly changed when Mark Stoops became the head coach at the University of Kentucky.
Stoops has made Barker the main priority in their 2014 recruiting class and his efforts have paid off. Still, South Carolina has stayed out front, if ever so slightly, with the Wildcats making a charge. Barker visited South Carolina recently for the weekend and had planned to come back for the Gamecocks spring game on April 13.
Not any more.
Barker has changed his plans and made the switch to visit UK that same weekend and take in the Wildcats spring game instead.
According to @rowlandrivals Drew Barker is going to attend Kentucky's spring game instead of South Carolina's.— Chris Clark (@GCChrisClark) April 5, 2013
It's certainly disappointing news where the Gamecocks are concerned but they've obviously done a great job with Barker so far and will still have their chance to land his commitment in the coming months.
The Gamecocks have identified Barker as their choice at quarterback in this cycle and have other options should they miss on the four-star recruit. Tyler Harris is one who could potentially see an offer should Barker choose UK but the Gamecocks could also elect to skip signing at quarterback in this class thanks to the young talent on campus already.
It'll be interesting to see where things go from here between Barker and both South Carolina and Kentucky. It's an unlikely recruiting battle that you won't see often but this one certainly merits watching down the stretch.


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Jim Law of Linden Vineyards reports that they are now finally experiencing perfect weather in Virginia wine country for the first time this year. Harvest is expected to start slowly next week. See also my report on the Virginia Governor's Cup 2013 wines. See Jim's…
Written by 12 Sep 2013
The vintner's year - August
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|About forFUNDSonline.com | Customer Service | Home
About forFUNDSonline.com
For years, organizations across the nation have raised much-needed funds with promotional sales campaigns. Traditionally, such sales have been conducted face-to-face which limited sales to those nearby.
ForFUNDSonline.com extends the reach of fundraising program participants to anyone who has an Internet connected computer. It is a safe, easy way to enable supporters to make purchases that generate funds for the organization. Importantly, upon registration, each Participant receives a unique Participant ID which they may easily distribute, and which ties sales made at this website to the proper Organization fundraising program, and participant.
How Does it Work?
It's as easy as 1, 2, 3!
1) Program Participants (or Parent or Guardian if under 18) register at forFUNDSonline.com where they identify the Fundraising Program ID and other information minimally necessary to track sales.
2) Participants send emails to family or friends with a unique link back to forfundsonline.com that ensures the organization and participant receive proper credit.
3) Family and Friends follow the link to shop at forFundsonline.com, pay with Master Card or Visa, and have the product shipped directly to their door. These sales are automatically credited to the organization and unique participant.
About Registration
Participants of fundraising programs are asked to register to receive a unique Participant ID. If a participant is not 18 years old, we ask that a parent or guardian register on his or her behalf. Each participant must be registered separately to receive proper credit. Please register here if you have not registered already.
About Security
The entire forFundsonline.com website is secured with GeoTrust 128-bit SSL encryption certificates offering the highest level of encryption or security possible. This means you can rest assured that communications between your browser and this site's web servers are private and secure. Credit Card transactions are processed during the checkout process through our merchant gateway, Electronic Clearing House, Inc. For your security, forFundsonline.com stores only the last 4 digits your full credit card. We store this information only to help you identify which account you used should you request a return or credit.
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ForFUNDSonline.com respects your privacy. The Participant registration process only collects the minimal amount of information necessary to ensure proper credit to the organization and Participant. We do ask for a legitimate email address upon registration so that we may email you a record of your registration with your ID and password. We also use this email address to help you retrieve your password should you forget it. We provide tools to enable Participants to send an announcement email to friends and family using your OWN email client; we will never know the email addresses to which you have sent announcement emails. The information we collect is NEVER sold to any outside party and is routinely destroyed within 60 days of program end. Read our complete Privacy Statement.


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On your bike: China's mystical mountains
A 10-day cycle tour reveals the extreme beauty of Guilin's Karst Peaks.
It's extraordinary how much trouble hotels go to make bathtubs special, but they still seem to overlook one simple thing.
Wine tours overseas are very different to the experience you'd have in Australia.
This is the sort of blissful natural setting for which Bali has become renowned.
Disneyland at 60 is still a magical rollercoaster ride of fun.
Clean as a whistle and easy to navigate, dine from one of its hawker corners or splurge on a stylish star-studded restaurant - this city accommodates both with panache.
Side trips from major cities can often be just as worthy, if not more rewarding, than the main destination itself.
It's come out of the shadows of its showy big sister and finally come of age. Welcome to racy Reno.
Great sea and river adventures that will make you change your mind about cruising.


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Outlook 2013
Data analytics generated all sorts of headlines in 2012, and experts believe the usual suspects — performance metrics and big data — will garner even more attention in 2013.
The PortfolioStat initiative, which the Office of Management and Budget launched in early 2012 to curb commodity IT spending, built on the successes of other OMB-led cost-cutting initiatives such as TechStat, which has saved the government about $4 billion since 2010, according to U.S. CIO Steven VanRoekel.
In October 2012, OMB promised $2.5 billion in commodity IT savings in the next three years as a direct result of PortfolioStat, and most federal policy experts believe the Obama administration will continue pushing the program as an IT governance function.
Read the other stories in our Outlook 2013 feature package. Click here.
"I think the PortfolioStat approach will continue," said Mark Forman, former administrator of e-government and IT at OMB. "Whether it's under PortfolioStat or under some other name, I think you have to have a governance process for identifying opportunities for shared services and commodity purchasing."
Forman said oversight and economies of scale "seem to be at the heart of new congressional initiatives," which could spur further activity by the executive branch.
In 2013, big data is likely to be the focal point of data analytics efforts. Rich Campbell, chief technologist at EMC Federal, said opportunities will abound for agencies to improve on the data they already have. He expects some agencies to hire data scientists and potentially chief data officers as big data transitions from a buzzword to an emerging technology that could push aside traditional database models.
More predictive analysis tools will be used in homeland security, health care, finance and law enforcement in response to the big-data movement, said Mark Cohn, chief technology officer at Unisys Federal Systems. He foresees technologies evolving "with much bigger systems and better performance around unstructured data." "We will see a tenfold improvement with other approaches that go beyond Hadoop," Cohn said.
Dante Ricci, director of federal innovation at SAP, said agencies will begin to unlock the value in their mammoth stores of data.
"For a while with big data, it was volume, velocity and variety, but now a lot of organizations are trying to marry those Vs with veracity and value," Ricci said. "It's not just about the data you have, it's about getting something of value out of it."
Aubrey Vaughan, managing director of the public sector at Oversight Systems, said agencies so far have only glimpsed the tip of the iceberg for big data's potential, but added that outdated policies could act as roadblocks to new technologies that could ultimately save taxpayers billions in areas such as transactional analytics.
About the Author
Frank Konkel is a former staff writer for FCW.
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Three-time Federal 100 winner is leaving government in July.
Members of Congress heaped hard questions on federal IT leaders at a June 16 hearing and suggested strongly that somebody needs to be fired.
Senate bill carves out exemption for supercomputing and other lab IT; an earlier version of the measure would have exempted the entire Department of Energy.
OPM is partnering with CSID to try to manage the fallout from a massive breach of some 4 million federal personnel records.
Steve Kelman applauds the OMB's move to make career employees "goal leaders" for performance management initiatives -- but wishes it had come far earlier in the administration.
In an exclusive interview, Jimaye Sones, who was Defense Information Systems Agency comptroller from 2005 to 2013, says he was reassigned after revealing questionable accounting practices at the agency.
Through computer forensics training and internships, veterans are helping Immigration and Customs Enforcement tackle a backlog in child exploitation cases.
After two months on the job studying DOD's cybersecurity and IT needs, Secretary Ashton Carter is set to unveil a new Pentagon cyber strategy in Silicon Valley.
The failure of massive federal IT projects can usually be traced to poor management. The solution is as multilayered as the projects themselves.
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