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Did you know that the Pilgrims taught their children reading and writing at home? Did you know that the Wampanoag used the natural world as an outdoor classroom where they could teach life skills? The Museum is an ideal place to let your children explore the past by being curious, interacting with Museum staff, and trying new things.
To receive special offers, and regular updates on Plimoth Plantation's educational programs, sign up for our Education Mailing List.
2015 Homeschool Days are April 10, May 8, June 12, September 10 and October 9.
Bring the whole family for a day full of 17th century adventure! Please call (508) 746-1622 x8359 or email email@example.com to sign-up and for more details.
Special admission rates available for Home Educators and their families.
Visit Plimoth Plantation ONLY? $10.70 per student, $18.70 per adult
Want to add the Plimoth Grist Mill or the Mayflower II? $13.70 per student, $21.60 per adult
Workshop cost is not included. Workshops are $10 per person, per workshop. Sign up for one, or the other or BOTH! Call (508) 746-1622 x8359 or email firstname.lastname@example.com to register.
Friday April 10
A Child's Life in Plymouth Colony
Friday May 8
Landscapes as a Primary Source
Friday June 12
A Child's Life in Wampanoag Patuxet
Friday September 11
Friday October 9
Our popular overnight programs are available during our regular museum season (mid-March through November) and include full museum admission for two days, themed dining, a series of hands-on history workshops, modern sleeping accommodations, and a continental breakfast.
Your group can choose from a:
Bi-Cultural Overnight
This unique perspective explores both Wampanoag and 17th-century English cultures!
Colonial Overnight
Imagine your life in a 17th-century English town!
Wampanoag Overnight
Explore Wampanoag culture past and present with a Native museum teacher!
Deluxe Family Overnight
Dress-up, cook your own 17th-century dinner, and sleep in our 17th-century houses, just as the Pilgrims did!
Are you ready to time travel?
Scheduling your overnight adventure is easy! To reserve your place in history, please contact Sarah Dery at firstname.lastname@example.com or call (508) 746-1622 x 8359. You can also visit our website at www.plimoth.org!
Opportunities for learning and discovery abound at Plimoth Plantation's living history sites. Come on your own, or as a group. Groups of 15 or more who reserve in advance receive a group discount. Visit our Field Trip Page to learn more.
Bring a group of friends and arrange for a special Wampanoag or Pilgrim hands-on activity. Find out about our Hands-on Workshops here.
Can't make it to us? We'll bring the past to you. Invite a Colonial role player or a Native museum teacher to your homeschooling group. Learn more at We Can Visit You.
For more information or to book with us, please call (508) 746-1622 ext. 8359, email firstname.lastname@example.com or make an online reservation request.
Just for Kids
Interactive Thanksgiving Activity: You are the Historian
Plimoth and Patuxet Ancestors
Collections and Archaeology at Plimoth Plantation
This booklet offers answers to often-asked historical questions on Wampanoag life.Buy Online
This is Christopher.Send him to Plimoth
Our online shop offers a variety of Shakespeare items for a variety of age groups.Shop Now
Plimoth Plantation offers a wide variety of resources for all your educational needs.Shop Now
See our calendar of events for a list of programs.Click here to learn more.
©2003-2015 Plimoth Plantation. All rights reserved.
Plimoth Plantation is a not-for-profit 501 (c)3 organization, supported by admissions, grants, members, volunteers, and generous contributors.


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Detroit Tigers first baseman Prince Fielder says adjusting to the American League was not as challenging as some may think. He still batted .313 with 30 homers and 108 RBI.
- Filed Under
Getting swept by the San Francisco Giants in the World Series hasn't changed the way Melbourne's best home run hitter is approaching this season, not one bit.
Four-game series, seven-game series or last place, the motivating force remains the same for Detroit Tigers slugger Prince Fielder.
"The drive is already there. Everyone strives to win the World Series and we haven't won one yet, so the drive is the same as in any other year," he told me after a batting practice session Friday that saw him mash dozens of balls over the right-field fence at Joker Marchant Stadium. "Once we win, then we'll ...

subset: commoncrawl


text:
- Filed Under
Dozens and perhaps hundreds of new lawsuits may fill Hinds County's Circuit Court's docket as the lead trial lawyer in national litigation against nonprofit hospitals shifts his legal battle from federal to state courts.
"We're launching a second legal offensive against the hospitals, those we think are the major offenders of overcharging patients and engaging in abusive practices," Oxford lawyer Richard Scruggs said Tuesday.
Still pending in U.S. District Court in Jackson are lawsuits against St. Dominic/Jackson Memorial Hospital and Baptist Medical Center, accusing them of ...


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Kiehl's Epidermal Re-Texturizing Micro-Dermabrasion
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INGREDIENTSAqua ; Alumina ; Paraffinum Liquidum ; Glycerin ; Dimethicone ; Butyrospermum Parkii ; PEG-100 Stearate ; Stearyl Alcohol ; Glyceryl Stearate ; Diatomaceous Earth ; Ammonium polyacryloyldimethyl taurate ; Phenoxyethanol ; Methylparaben ; Butylparaben ; Epilobium angustifolium ; Disodium EDTA ; Hydrolyzed Algin ; angustifolium extract
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I guess i had high expectations. My skin is pretty clear but i am looking for really smooth. I thought this was it. It was expensive i think i could find a cheaper version. I really wish it was great so i'm not sure if i would repurchase.
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This is a great product. I have terrible skin, and it's not as if an exfoliator is going to solve my woes, but it keeps my skin soft and cleans out all the gunk in my pores, which is all I can ask of it. It was more money than I'm used to spending on beauty products, but it's definitely worked better for me than other scrubs I've tried, so I'll repurchase.
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I must say this product is the BOMB!!! I have scars on my face from cystic acne and the moment i started using this the marks has lightened. I use it 2 x's a week because its a little harsh but it's doing the job. I wear less makeup now and I am happy to say this!!
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Best of the best ~~~ skin felt baby soft after using this pdt~~ definitely buying it again !
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One of the things Landy does in "Art Bin" is give artists a chance to weed out the losers among their own works.
Asprey and his wife, the sculptor Justine Asprey, contributed an early wax cast of her classical bust portrait of Landy himself.
"The art world has expanded so much over the past 20 years," says Landy.


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On May 12, FRONTLINE aired "The Trouble with Chicken," an investigation into an outbreak of salmonella Heidelberg at one of the nation's largest poultry processors. With chicken consumption at an all-time high and more severe illnesses stemming from this product than any other meat, the hour-long PBS documentary questioned why our food safety system is not doing more to prevent these dangerous infections.
The most effective way out of this vicious cycle is to go to the source of the problem: sickening environments and sick animals. In a HuffPost Live conversation with Frontline Correspondent David Hoffman, the ASPCA's Senior Manager of Farm Animal Welfare, Daisy Freund, stated, "when you're talking about food safety, we have to go back to the farms and talk about how these animals are living."
Chickens today are raised in crowded, barren, windowless sheds where disease can run rampant, and are bred to grow four times faster than they did sixty years ago. As long as chickens are raised in such unhealthy factory farm environments, they will continue to suffer and pose serious risks to consumers from foodborne illnesses.
The FRONTLINE documentary shows that federal agencies tasked with protecting the public are hampered by a culture that defers to industry and takes a reactive approach to addressing these issues. That is why the ASPCA is calling on advocates who care about animal welfare and consumer safety to demand better from the chicken industry through our Truth About Chicken campaign.
Cronus is a gentle giant who can't wait to be your new best friend. He may be a little shy at first, but once he gets to know you, this goofball will never leave your side. His favorite thing? Playtime! This energetic boy is ready to run around with you all afternoon long.
Cronus is a smart dog who is learning to walk politely on a leash, but already knows his basic manners like sit, stay, down and roll over. Sometimes he can get nervous around other dogs and would love to go to a home with an experienced adopter where he can be the only dog. Stop by our Adoption Center to meet Cronus today!
Cronus is available for adoption at the ASPCA Adoption Center. If you are interested in adopting Cronus, please call our Adoptions Department in New York City at (212) 876-7700 ext. 4120. To learn more about Cronus, please visit his profile page.
Check out the video below to see Cronus play with his friend at the ASPCA Adoption Center.
This Saturday marks Armed Forces Day, a special day to celebrate Americans serving across our five U.S. military branches including the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force and Coast Guard. This year, as we honor the brave service men and women who defend our country, please take a moment to recognize the four-legged heroes who also serve on the frontline for America every day.
Military Working Dogs, or MWDs, play a critical role in our nation's defense and are crucial to the safety of our service members. The military estimates that the average MWD saves between 150-200 lives during his or her career. These amazing dogs work tirelessly to keep us safe, successfully performing important and dangerous duties that can be difficult—if not impossible—for people, all while providing unconditional love and loyalty to the men and women who work alongside them.
In recognition of these heroic animals' unwavering service to our country, we believe that our government's commitment to their wellbeing must extend beyond the period of military service.
In late 2012, Congress took action in the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA), an annual military policy bill, to better protect retired military dogs by streamlining the adoption process and authorizing a system of veterinary care for retired animals.
This year's NDAA seeks to build upon the 2012 law to improve life after service for military dogs. The U.S. House of Representatives' Armed Services Committee included a provision in this year's bill to require the military to bring home retired dogs serving overseas and to ease the adoption process for handlers who choose to adopt. These changes will strengthen the bond between dog and handler and ensure that these canine heroes can begin their new lives in loving, secure environments.
We are grateful to Congress, the Department of Defense and the U.S. Air Force, which administers the Military Working Dog Program, for recognizing the importance of our service dogs and for their continued work to protect these canine heroes.
Join the ASPCA Advocacy Brigade to get important updates on legislation impacting dogs on the frontline and other important animal-welfare related bills.
New and improved animal welfare laws are not to be taken for granted—and neither should elected officials, like Washington Governor Jay Inslee and State Senator Joe Fain, who championed our cause in the Legislature.
This past legislative session, Senator Fain stepped up to sponsor important new legislation that will make Washington a more humane state by enhancing several of the state's most critical anti-cruelty laws. The bill was signed into law by Governor Inslee this past Monday, May 11.
The new law ushers in a host of new protections for animals: It empowers law enforcement to come to the rescue of animals left unattended in vehicles in extreme temperatures and expands the state's animal fighting ban beyond dogs and roosters to include all animals. The new law also increases charges for killing or stealing pets.
We were proud to partner with Senator Fain, the Washington Federation of Animal Care and Control Agencies and the larger coalition of animal welfare organizations in support of the bill's passage.
If you're a Washington resident, please join us in thanking Senator Fain and Governor Inslee on their Facebook pages for their work on this important law.
If you have a Twitter account, please send a tweet of thanks to Senator Fain and Governor Inslee—and be sure to mention the bill number, SB5501, and that you're an ASPCA supporter! You could tweet something like: Thank you @SenatorFain and @GovInslee for improving animal welfare in Washington! #SB5501 #ASPCA.
Even if you don't live in Washington, you can still help animals! Join the ASPCA Advocacy Brigade to get updates on animal-protection legislation and how you can make a difference for the animals in your state.
For animals that are shy, fearful or undersocialized, a foster home can act as the perfect stepping stone on the road to adoption. Foster parents provide individualized attention and care that helps pets acclimate to home life, and the ASPCA is so grateful to all the fosters who have opened their hearts to our furry friends. In honor of National Foster Care Month, we're sharing the success story of one foster feline named Torvald.
Torvald arrived at the ASPCA in March 2013. Found as a stray in Brooklyn, New York, the four-year-old cat was incredibly shy, timid and fearful. He was frightened of toys, strangers, noise and movement, and at the ASPCA Animal Hospital he was diagnosed with a heart murmur. He was the perfect candidate for foster care.
We sent Torvald to live with a foster named Ellen, and she quickly observed many of the traits we had seen at the hospital. "Torvald is a scaredy cat," she reported. "When a neighbor stopped by briefly, he retreated into his closet for a full day. He is terrified of aluminum foil—even when I just reach for the box—and he runs away when I reach for the oven door." It was clear that living in a home was a new experience for Torvald, but under Ellen's care he soon began to improve.
"Torvald has become my buddy," Ellen stated a few weeks later. "He hangs around with me all day, looks out the window and sleeps on my bed." She also reported that while he was originally scared of toys, he had begun to explore and enjoy playtime. "I've really come to like him. He's a good cat and he deserves a wonderful home."
After his transformational experience in foster care, Torvald was finally ready to begin his search for a permanent family. He was transferred back to the ASPCA Adoption Center, and fortunately, it wasn't long before he met Alix and her boyfriend, Joe.
"I wanted a companion who was independent, clever and loving," said Alix of her quest for a pet. She and Joe had never been to the ASPCA before were immediately drawn to Torvald. "It was his eyes!" she recalls. "He tilted his head back, looked up, down, left and right, and finally straight ahead at me. He looked just like Toothless from How To Train Your Dragon, and I wanted to protect him and give him the world from that one look." She and Joe adopted Torvald and changed his name to Regimus, or Reggie for short.
We told Alix and Joe that Reggie might take some time to come out of his shell, but she was happy to report that, "after only 10 minutes in his new home, he was taking selfies with us!" She says that although he always has a hiding place ready, he is a loving presence who enjoys when they play hip-hop and R&B music in the house. "What made my heart melt the most was when we called him by his new name and his head popped up, eyes glistening, and he walked over to us. We were on the same wavelength and that moment confirmed that he fell for us like we did for him," Alix says.
Reggie's journey from "scaredy cat" to beloved pet wasn't always easy, but he is living proof that sometimes, a little extra love and care is all it takes. Thanks to an amazing network of behaviorists, fosters and adopters, this is one sweet kitty who is living the "Happy Tail" of his dreams.


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Mariah Morse Model
sean ranieri in ctPhotographer Male Hartford, Connecticut, US
My Website: sean ranieri dot comMy MM URL: http://www.modelmayhem.com/seanranphotography
Mayhem # 3159902
About MeI just moved to the Hartford area from Hoboken, New Jersey. You can view my New Jersey profile here: http://www.modelmayhem.com/seanranieri
I'm primarily an architectural and real estate photographer, but I've been transitioning to more editorial/lifestyle/fashion photography lately, so I'm here to keep my skills sharp and try new techniques and equipment.
My trade shoot policy is as follows: proposition me for a shoot and I'll probably say yes, especially if you have a compelling concept, wardrobe, or location. Let's keep it professional. If we schedule a shoot, I will be punctual and prepared; I expect you to do the same.
My shooting style is very easy going. I try not to direct too much; I like to let the moments develop on their own. In my experience, this makes for a much more natural shoot with powerful results.
Creditspublished in:
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Mariah Morse Model
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A method is disclosed for providing inorganic and/or organic coating compositions onto rotor cores to eliminate soldering during aluminum injection. These coatings can also be applied upon electric motor rotors and/or stators laminates as well as other electronic components such as transformers. The disclosed method provides at least one film or layer of a coating composition within channels or bar slots defined by the rotor of the electric motor core/rotor (depending upon the design of the motor the slots can be defined within the rotor or open ended along the longitudinal axis of the rotor). The coating composition is also typically applied upon all exposed surfaces of the rotor, e.g., within the channels and exterior surfaces of the rotor. The coated rotor is then contacted with a molten metal. The coating composition functions to isolate the laminates (e.g., steel) of the rotor from a molten metal (e.g., aluminum and its alloys), which surrounds the rotor and fills the channels thereby embedding the rotor, and prevents the metal from forming an undesirable conductive path typically termed soldering among the individual laminates.
1. A method of treating a metal containing surface comprising:
cleaning at least a portion of the metal containing surface,
contacting at least a portion of the metal containing surface with at least one silica containing composition having a basic PH,
contacting with a molten metal, and;
recovering a treated metal containing surface.
2. A method for treating a metal containing surface comprising at least one shaped electronic component defining at least one opening therein comprising:
contacting at least a portion of the component with a coating composition having a basic pH and comprising at least one silica containing composition, or at least one borate containing composition comprising boric acid,
containing with a molten metal, and;
recovering at least one treated electronic component.
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22. A method for making an electric motor component comprising a plurality of adjacent laminates, the method comprising:
preparing at least one laminate wherein said laminate defines at least one opening,
preparing a coating composition comprising at least one silica containing composition and having a basic pH,
contacting at least a portion of said laminate with the coating composition,
preparing an assembly comprising adjacent laminates,
contacting at least a portion of the assembly with at least one molten metal, and;
recovering at least one electric motor component.
23. A method for making an electric motor component comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of stacked electric motor rotor laminates, staked electric motor stator laminates, and staked transformer laminates wherein said a least one component comprises a plurality of adjacent laminates, the method comprising:
preparing said at least one member wherein said member defines at least one channel extending therethrough,
preparing a coating composition comprising at least one silicate containing composition and having a basic pH,
contacting at least a portion of said at least one channel with the coating composition,
contacting at least a portion of said at least one member with at least one molten metal, and;
recovering at least one electric motor component.
24. A method of treating a metal containing surface comprising:
cleaning at least a portion of the metal containing surface,
contacting at least a portion of the metal containing surface with a composition comprising a combination comprising at least one silica containing compound and sodium aluminate,
contacting with a molten metal, and;
recovering a treated metal containing surface.
25. a method for treating a metal containing surface comprising at least one shaped electronic component defining at least one opening therein comprising:
contacting at least a portion of the component with a coating composition comprising a combination comprising at least one silica containing compound and ferromagnetic particles,
contacting with a molten metal, and;
recovering at least one treated electronic component.
The subject matter of this invention is related to commonly assigned U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,714,093; 5,871,668; 6,015,855; and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/016,853 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,190,779, filed on Jan. 30, 1998 and entitled "Corrosion Resisitant Containing An Amorphous Phase"; Ser. No. 09/016,850, filed on Jan. 30, 1998 and entitled "Silicate Coatings and Use Thereof", now U.S. Pat. No. 6,077,605, Ser. No. 09/532,982, filed on Mar. 22, 2000 and entitled "An Electrolytic Process For Forming a Mineral"; Ser. No. 09/535,319, filed on Mar. 22, 2000 and entitled "Corrosion Resisitant Lubricants, Greases and Gels"; and Ser. No. 09/016,462, filed on Jan. 30, 1998 and entitled "Aqueous Gel Composition and Use Thereof", now U.S. Pat. No. 6,033,495. The subject matter of these patents and patent applications is hereby incorporated by reference.
The subject matter herein claims benefit under 35 U.S.C. 119(e) of prior filed Provisional Patent Application Serial Nos. 60/129,060 and 60/151,995, filed respectively on Apr. 13, 1999 and Sep. 01, 1999 and entitled "Coating Compositions and Methods for Making and Using the Compositions". The disclosure of the previously identified patent applications is hereby incorporated by reference.
The subject matter of the instant invention relates to coating compositions containing at least one silica or borate containing compound, methods for making the compositions and methods of using the compounds for treating a metal surface.
Electric motors and methods of manufacturing the same are well known. A core (also known as a rotor core) of the motor comprises stacked and coined together laminates. Each individual laminate defines a center opening for connecting a shaft and a series of evenly spaced openings around the periphery of the laminate. The openings can have any suitable configuration. The laminates are stacked and coined in a sequential and slightly offset fashion such that the openings around the periphery define a spiral channel passing along the longitudinal axis of the core/rotor. This channel passes along the longitudinal axis in a helix or spiral fashion that enhances the motor performance. The rotors cores are heat treated to form a surface comprising magnetite Fe3O4. After heat treating, the channels are injected with molten aluminum thereby encapsulating the rotor within aluminum. The aluminum is typically injected at a temperature of about 1,300 to about 1,400 F. and at a pressure of about 4,000 to about 6,000 psi.
There is a problem in this art associated with injecting the aluminum within the channels. It is believed that the aluminum can solder to the steel and form an electrical connection between the laminates, e.g., as detailed in "A Description of the Functions and Process Tests For Cast Aluminum Induction Motor Squirrel Cage Rotors" by J. Johnson et al., presented as a paper at Rotor Technology '86, Feb. 5-7, 1986, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference. Such an electrical connection can cause a short within the electric motor thereby reducing, if not eliminating, the effectiveness of the electric motor. There is a need in this art for an electric motor fabrication method that isolates the aluminum from the laminates e.g., prevents the molten aluminum from infiltrating between the stacked/coined laminates (with or without a magnetite surface).
There is also a need in this art to improve electric motor manufacturing by employing the principals known as "lean manufacturing" in order to eliminate non-value added activities during the manufacturing process. Examples of non-value added activities are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,161,597 (Dohoger) and U.S. Pat. No. 5,488,984 (Fahy), e.g., burn-off ovens, oxidation furnaces, hot drop, among other processing delays. By improving electric motor manufacturing and employing statistical process controls, the amount of work in progress can be reduced and "just in time" production methods can be adopted.
As described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,488,984, rotors of electric motors can be coated with sodium nitrate. Other conventional coatings compositions and methods for treating metals are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,870,814; 4,032,366; 5,182,963; 5,776,261; 3,839,256; 3,372,038; 2,641,556; 2,803,566; 5,723,181; 2,554,250; 1,068,410; 2,811,473; 2,282,163; 3,910,797; 3,832,204; 3,917,648; 2,978,361; 5,789,085; 3,796,608; 3,133,829; 2,385,332; 2,799,658; 2,641,556; 3,839,256; and 3,752,689.
Magnetic Silicon Steels produced for use as laminates either for rotor, stator or transformer application typically require an annealing separator comprising thin films of inorganic compounds such as magnesium oxide and phosphate as taught by J. Evans in U.S. Pat. No. 3,615,918 and Akerblom in U.S. Pat. No. 4,120,702 and Nakayama U.S. Pat. No. 4,875,947 and magnesium from U.S. Pat. No. 2,385,332 V. Carpenter, and Steger in U.S. Pat. No. 3,583,887, sodium silicate Lee in U.S. Pat. No. 3,945,862 teaches an amorphous magnesia silica complex and a boron bearing compound. Evans teaches an insulation coating for electrical steels in U.S. Pat. No. 3,996,073 comprising an aluminum magnesium phosphate solution with colloidal silica and chromic anhydride. Organic quaternary ammonium silicate coatings are taught by R. Parkinson, U.S. Pat. No. 3,839,256 and polyvinyl acetate with phosphoric acid and chromic acid is taught by Kitayama in U.S. Pat. No. 3,793,073. Additionally, Yamazaki, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,961,744 teaches colloidal silica and aluminum phosphate. Haselkom in U.S. Pat. No. 4,496,399 teaches silica and aluminum silicate dispersed in vinyl resins, while Morito in U.S. Pat. No. 4,255,205 teaches silicate aluminum oxide, strontium and barium compounds in phosphoric acid. B. Perfetti in U.S. Pat. No. 4,507,360 teaches magnesium silicate, mica, titanium oxide and alkali metal borate. Perfetti also teaches in U.S. Pat. No. 4,517,325 the use of organic quaternary ammonium silicate and ethylene/acrylic or ethylene/vinyl/acetate copolymer a small amount of barium, strontium or lead chromate. Katayarna in U.S. Pat. No. 4,844,753 teaches acrylic and a acrylic styrene resins with chromates. Nakamura in U.S. Pat. No. 4,618,377 also teaches emulsions. U.S. Pat. No. 1,951,039 by Scharschu, teaches sodium silicate, lime and iron oxide. D. Loudermilk teaches inorganic/organic insulating films in U.S. Pat. No. 5,955,201 utilizing aluminum silicate, aluminum potassium silicate and magnesium silicate dispersed in a water-soluble, organic solvent, resin. Also acrylic resin with chromates are taught by K. Kenichi in U.S. Pat. No. 4,844,753. Also Robinson teaches a paint in U.S. Pat. No. 2,641,556 comprising refractory material suspended in a solution of a decomposable binder such as a solution of an alkyd resin, cellular acetate in organic solvents. U.S. Pat. No. 5,922,413 by Takeda, teaches a method of coating a rotor core by applying a liquid primer followed by applying a powder coat. The disclosure of the previously identified U.S. Patents and publications is hereby incorporated by reference.
The present invention relates to coating compositions and methods for using such compositions. The present invention solves problems associated with conventional electric motor manufacturing practices by providing inorganic and/or organic coating compositions applied to rotor cores to eliminate soldering during aluminum injection. These coatings can be applied upon rotor and/or stators laminates to enhance motor performance. These coatings can also be employed in transformers and other electronic components. The instant invention further solves problems associated with conventional electric motor fabrication methods by providing at least one film or layer of a coating composition within channels or bar slots defined by the rotor of the electric motor core/rotor (depending upon the design of the motor the slots can be defined within the rotor or open ended along the longitudinal axis of the rotor). The inventive coating composition is also typically applied upon all exposed surfaces of the rotor, e.g., within the channels and exterior surfaces of the rotor. The coated rotor is then contacted with a molten metal. The coating composition functions to isolate the laminates (e.g., steel) of the rotor from a molten metal (e.g., aluminum and its alloys), which surrounds the rotor and fills the channels thereby embedding the rotor, and prevents the metal from forming an undesirable conductive path typically termed soldering among the individual laminates.
In one aspect of the invention, the coating composition interacts or reacts with a molten aluminum phase, i.e., the molten aluminum that is injected into and around the rotor. That is, the molten aluminum can react in situ with at least a portion of the inventive coating to form a mixed oxide. By reacting with the molten aluminum, the inventive coating prevents the aluminum from adversely affecting (or contacting) an underlying metal containing surface. The mixed oxide or reaction product can also function as a barrier or shield to the underlying metal containing surface, e.g., silicon steel laminates.
The instant coating composition functions to not only isolate the channels from corrosion and/or corrosion erosion caused when the aluminum is injected into the channels and serves as a heat shield but also reacts with molten aluminum and other phases present during injection. In some cases, the coating can interact with the molten aluminum to form a layer having a distinct composition, e.g., a glassy or an amorphous layer. The layer can be comprised of at least one of silicate or at least one borate containing compounds, a complex oxide, complex iron-sodium silicates, aluminum potassium silicates, aluminum/silicate Al/Si, mixtures thereof, among other materials including clays (e.g., bentonite, montmorillinate, talc, etc). This layer can also function as an electrical insulator between the steel of the core/rotor laminates and the adjacent aluminum. By "electrical insulator" it is meant that the layer has an electrical resistance of greater than about 1.0 milli-ohm (or a conductivity of less than about 1.0 milli-ohm). By "adjacent" as used in this specification and the claims, unless expressly stated otherwise, means two components or layers that are in contact with each other, are next to each other with a space separating them, or are next to each other with a third component or layer in between.
In another aspect of the invention, the coating composition further comprises iron nano-particles. The nano-particle containing composition, e.g., within a carrier comprising a water soluble polymer, can be incorporated within any suitable porous article. Examples of such porous articles comprise electronic components, magnets, shaped powdered metals, among other articles. If desired, the porous article (after being impregnated) can be heated.
The coating composition can also impart corrosion resistance to the surfaces of the rotor, e.g., the exterior surface of the rotor. That is, the coating composition reduces, if not eliminates, rotor corrosion that can occur prior to being contacted with aluminum.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a rotor body for an electric motor that illustrates the individual laminations and the slots defined therein.
FIG. 2 is a side elevation of FIG. 1 of a rotor assembly after having a rotor shaft fitted into the bore of the rotor.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the principal steps in one aspect of the invention for forming an electric motor in accordance with the instant invention.
The instant invention relates to applying one or more films or layers of coating compositions onto a metal containing surface for improving the surface characteristics of the metal surface. By "metal containing surface" it is meant to include a wide range of metal surfaces such as steel, silicon-containing steel, iron and iron alloys, iron, high purity iron, zinc, copper, lead, metallized ceramics and plastics, among other metals and alloys thereof. The metal containing surface also includes naturally occurring or man made oxidation and reduction products, e.g., Fe3O4, Fe2O3, among others. The metal surface contacted with the inventive composition can in turn also be contacted with a wide range of metals including aluminum, brass, copper, lead, alloys thereof, among other metals. In the case of an electric motor, the metal containing surface can comprise spiral channels defined about or within a core or rotor and/or individual laminates. The core normally comprises coined and stacked steel laminates.
The coating composition can comprise at least one silica or silicate containing material or precursors thereof. The terms silica and silicate containing materials are used interchangeable herein. Examples of such silica containing materials comprise at least one member chosen from the group of silica, boro-silicates, magnesium silicate, calcium silicate, potassium silicate, sodium silicate, magnesium silicate, tetra-ethyl, tetra-methyl orthosilicate, silicones, kaolin, Al—Na (SiO2) complex oxides, sodium aluminate, silanes, partially hydrolyzed ethyl ortho silicate and its reaction products formed with quaternary ammonium compounds (e.g., cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide in ethyl alchol), iron silicate, tetra alkyl ammonium salts of silica acids, precursors thereof, among others. Silicate containing materials also include TEOS, TMOS, among others. Silica containing material also includes colloidal silica that is optionally stabilized with sodium aluminate, ammonium, alumina coated, contains ethyl glycol, among other stabilizations and treatments (these materials are supplied in aqueous solutions commercially as Ludox�). Normally, the amount of silica containing material will comprise about 5 to about 50 wt. % of the composition. When the silica containing material comprises a silicate such as sodium silicate, the composition will have a basic pH; normally about 9 to about 11.5.
Instead of or in addition to the at least one silica containing material or precursors thereof, the coating composition can comprise at least one borate containing material or precursors thereof. Examples of such borate containing materials comprise at least one member chosen from the group of boric acid, boro-silicates, metaboric acid, boron oxide, ammonium tetraborate, ammonium pentaborate, ammonium peroxyborate, beryllium ortho borate, orthoboric acid, tetraboric acid, boron phosphide, boron selenide, boron trisilicide, boron hexasilicide, boron trisulfide, boron pentasulfide, lead borate, zinc borate, magnesium borate, cesium borate, rubidium borate, precursors thereof, among others. Borate containing materials can further comprise at least member chosen from the group of aluminum oxide, zirconium silicate, magnesium silicate, kaolin, potassium silicate, sodium silicate, calcium silicate, sodium aluminate, bentonite, among others. Normally, the amount of borate containing material will comprise about 10 to about 25 wt. % of the composition.
The silica and/or borate containing material can also include compounds that provide enhanced protection to the rotor core from the injected metal, e.g., electrically insulate the core from the injected metal. Examples of such compounds can comprise at least one member selected from the group consisting of wollastonite, bentonite, hectorite (both forms of smeitite), calcium sulfate (Plaster of Paris), among other inorganic compounds or organic precursors to such compounds.
The silica and/or borate containing compositions can be employed with or without metals such ag zinc described in the aforementioned U.S. Patents. The silica and/or borate containing material(s) can be dispersed within either an aqueous or a solvent-containing carrier. Examples of a suitable carrier can comprise at least one member selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, water compatible polymers such as urethanes, acrylics, etc., among other carriers compatible with the silica and/or borate containing material. Normally, the amount of carrier comprises about 5 to about 20 wt. % of the coating composition.
In one aspect of the invention, one coating composition can further comprise at least one member selected from the group consisting of sodium aluminate, sodium clays, bentonite kaolin, peroxide or oxygen releasing compounds, molecular sieves, ammonium hydroxide, amines, ammonium zirconyl carbonate, intumesent materials, among others.
The metal containing surface to be treated with the inventive composition(s) can be pre-treated or cleaned in accordance with conventional methods. Such methods are employed for removing oils and debris that could interfere with application of the coating composition. An example of a pre-treatment comprises hydrogen peroxide and one of the aforementioned solvents or hot alkali cleaning to a water break rinse. The metal surface can also be pre-treated in accordance with conventional methods such as phosphating, chromating, among other metal treatment processes. In accordance with the inventive method, a phospated surface is preferably contacted with a borate containing material.
The inventive composition can be applied onto the metal to be treated by any suitable method. Examples of such methods comprise spraying, dipping, immersing, rolling, brushing, electrostatic including powder coatings, fluidized bed coating systems, chemical vapor depositions, physical vapor deposition, among other methods. When the metal comprises a core of an electric motor, the best results are obtained by rolling the core in a direction parallel to its longitudinal axis within a reservoir of the inventive coating composition. The core is rolled such that the composition infiltrates the aforementioned channels. Depending upon the electric motor, the entire core or selected portions thereof can be coated with the inventive composition. If desired, applying an electrical current and/or a vacuum pump can enhance the application method. Normally, the coating composition will form an approximately 1 to 10 mil thick film upon the interior of the channels of the core and the O.D.
The coating composition can comprise more than one coating having similar or distinct chemistry. As a result, the coating can be tailored to the environment created by the injected molten metal reacts with the silica and/or borate containing coating in order to provide the desired insulation between the metal and core as well as filling the notches created by the laminate spiral. If desired a secondary coating can be applied upon the silica and/or borate containing coating. Such secondary coatings can be employed as a heat shield, oxygen shield, reactive, sacrificial, intumescent, chemical resistant, erosion resistant, among other desirable properties. In the case of an intumescent coating, depending upon the coating composition a temperature of about 250 F. to 1325 F. is sufficient to cause the coating to expand. In the case of a metal surface comprising an electric motor rotor, a first coating comprising at least one silica containing material such as TEOS, TMOS, sodium silicate, potassium silicate, among others, or at least one borate containing material such as borax, boric acid, bentonite, among others is applied upon a motor rotor and a secondary coating comprising at least one of silica, sodium silicate and optionally a surfactant and water soluble polymer are applied upon the first coating. The coatings can be pre-reacted (prior to aluminum injection) by exposure to a heat source.
In an aspect of the invention, the infiltrated coating is converted into an oxide-containing surface. The infiltrated coating can then be converted, e.g, into an amorphous material or oxide, at any suitable temperature, e.g., about 200 to 500 C in one or two stages as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,510,188 (hereby incorporated by reference). If desired, the conversion can be performed in a controlled atmosphere such as hydrogen, high humidity, carbon dioxide, ammonia, nitrogen, oxygen, among others. The conversion with or without a controlled atmosphere can be enhanced by adding heat, e.g., with infrared, microwave, electrical resistance, among other known heating methods.
In one aspect of the invention, the individual laminates are contacted with the coating composition. The coated laminates can then be stacked and coined together in order to form a core. The resultant core can then be processed to form an electric motor in accordance with conventional methods.
In another aspect of the invention, the coating within the channels is contacted with at least one insolubilizing agent. While any suitable insolubilizing agent can be employed examples comprise at least one member chosen from the group of phosphoric acid, hydrofluoric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, alkaline earth metal oxides and hydroxides, salts of amphoteric metals, among others including those described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,301,701 (hereby incorporated by reference). The insolubilizing agent can react with the coating, i.e., a silica containing coating, thereby forming an insoluble amorphous coating.
In a further aspect of the invention, the metal surface (including channels) are contacted with a conventional phosphating pre-treatment. The phosphated metal surface is contacted with a first silica or borate containing composition, e.g., comprising sodium silicate and/or tetraorthosilicate (optionally containing zinc), that in turn is contacted with a second silica or borate containing composition. The first composition can comprise a silica containing composition comprising a 50/50 wt. % combination of silica and at least one silicate, e.g., sodium silicate. The second silica containing composition can comprise a commercially available silica such as Ludox�, an aqueous dispersion such as disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/016,462 (U.S. Pat. No. 6,033,495), among others. The second composition normally contains a greater concentration of silica than the first composition. Without wishing to be bound by any theory or explanation, the second composition is directly contacted by the metal that is injected into the stacked laminates (rotor) wherein the second composition can react with the molten metal. That is, the coating functions as an intumescent swelling sacrificial layer that electrically segregates the injected metal (when molten and solidified) from the metal of the rotor core. The swelling sacrificial layer may be converted, e.g., reduced, by the molten metal and form an amorphous phase. The coating can also function to fill gaps or voids among the stacked laminates thereby preventing the molten metal from infiltrating into the gaps.
The thermal properties of the inventive composition can be improved by adding at least one member selected from the group consisting of boron nitride, aluminum nitride, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, carbon, boron oxide, mixtures and organic precursors thereof. The amount of thermal additive normally comprises about 5 to about 50 wt. % of the composition.
The magnetic properties of the inventive composition (and substrates treated with the composition) can be modified by adding ferromagnetic material, e.g., ranging from micron to nano sized particles. Such material may enhance the magnetic field or reduce eddy current loss in electronic components such as laminates, transformer and electric motor stacks. Iron nanoparticles typically range in size from about 4 to about 5 nanometers as described in greater detail in U.S. Pat. No. 6,045,925 (Kiabunde); hereby incorporated by reference. Iron nanoparticles can be heat treated to form agglomerates of about 20 nanometers. Larger particles comprising strontium hexaferrite range in size from about 1.2 to about 1.8 micron. Iron nanoparticles can be coated to prevent corrosion of the particles. Normally, iron nanoparticles are a few mircons in size, contain less than about 2.0 wt. % carbon (usually less than about 0.9 wt. % carbon), and a length to width ratio of about 3:1 to about 20:1. The characteristics of iron nanoparticles are described in greater detail in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,213,816; 5,397,530; 5,268,140; 5,063,01 1; 4,601,765; 4,947,065; "Nanoscale Magnetic Particles" by Easom et al., Polyhedron, Vol, 13, No. 8, pp. 1197-1223, 1994; "Encapsulated Nanoparticles of Iron Metal" by Klablunde et al., Chemistry of Materials, 1994, 6; and "Nanoscale Iron Crystallites Encapsulated in Nonmagnetic Metal Shells" by Zhang et al., High Temperature and Materials Science, Vol. 36, 1996; hereby incorporated by reference. Without wishing to be bound by any theory or explanation, it is believed that iron nanoparticles are more electomagnetically responsive than plain steel or silicon steel, and when combined with iron nanoparticles improved magnetic properties at cold temperature the addition of a thin film containing iron nanoparticle on a stator, slot and/or rotor may enhance motor performance by reducing eddy currents. Iron nanoparticles are available from Nantek, Manhattan, Kan., Magnetics International, Chicago, Ill., Kane Magnetics, Kane Pa., and Kanto Kenka Kogyo (Grade Mapex 2000). In most cases, it is desirable to coat the nanoparticles in order to prevent corrosion or rapid oxidization. Typically, the nanoparticles are coated with carbon, corrosion resistant metals, water insoluble resins, among other protective coatings. Normally, the amount of nanoparticles will comprise about 5 to about 50 wt. % of the coating composition
The inventive composition can be prepared in accordance with conventional mixing methods. If desired, a wide range of additives can be included in the inventive composition such as one or more members selected from the group consisting of viscosity control agents (e.g., aliphatic polymer with carboxylic acid groups, e.g., CARBOPOL supplied by B.F. Goodrich, xantham gum, silica, synthetic minerals, e.g., LAPONITE supplied by Southern Clay Products), pH modifiers (e.g., an alkaline material such as at least one member selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, triethanolamine, ammonium hydroxide), dyes, surfactants, solvents, among other materials. The amount of additive normally comprises about 1 to about 20 wt. % of the coating composition.
Certain aspects of the instant method are better understood by reference to the drawings. Referring now to the FIGS. 1 and 2, a rotor body, as indicated in its entirety by reference character 1, comprises a core 3 comprising a stack of substantially identical laminations 5 which are preferably made of thin, plate-like ferro-magnetic material, such as a high magnetic permeability sheet steel, e.g., siliconized steel. As is conventional, laminations 5 are die punched from sheet steel and have a central opening 7 therethrough (conventional die punching processes can introduce defects, e.g., edge defects, caused when metal is sheared during the punching process). A plurality of substantially identical generally radial notches 9 in their outer margins with the notches are spaced at equal angular intervals about the lamination. Upon assembly of the stack of laminations to form the core, the laminations are coaxially arranged so that their central openings 7 form a bore 11 extending longitudinally through the core and which are wrapped slightly around the longitudinal axis of the core in helical fashion. As illustrated in FIG. 3, the laminations constituting core 3 are typically secured together in stacked relation under a desired compressive loading by any one of several known means, and the injected aluminum holds the core in desired arrangement after manufacturing. The rotor assembly illustrated is a squirrel-cage rotor and, as is typical, has a plurality of die cast-in-place rotor bars 15 formed within slots 13 and further has die cast end rings 17 formed on the end faces of core 3 unitary with and interconnecting the rotor bars. Typically, core 3 is placed within a die-casting mold (not shown) as stacked pretreated loose laminations. Molten aluminum is injected under pressure of a piston, or the like, into the mold, the molten aluminum flows into slots 13 to form bars 15, filling the mold cavity to create end rings 17. After die casting, the core assembly, as illustrated in FIG. 1, may be ground or lathed so as to form a uniform and even outer cylindrical surface concentric with the axis of bore 11.
Bore 11 in core 3 is sized and formed as to be shrunk or otherwise fitted on a rotor shaft 19. That is, the inside diameter of bore 11 is slightly smaller at ambient temperature than the outside diameter of shaft 19 so that upon heating of core 3 to a predetermined elevated temperature, the inside diameter of bore 11 will expand or increase to a size sufficient to receive shaft 19 there within. Upon cooling of the core, the latter will contract around the shaft and will securely lock it in place therein thus fixing the core to the shaft. Other interconnecting methods are known in the art and all are compatible with the broader aspects of the invention.
In accordance with one aspect of the invention, the laminations 5, prior to being placed in the mold, are treated with at least one coating of the inventive composition in order to prevent the molten aluminum, which is being injected through and around the stacked laminations 5, from soldering to the laminations. While any suitable method can be employed, for best results individual or coined/stacked laminations are introduced into an immersion tank. Normally, stacked laminations are contacted with the inventive composition in order to more effectively treat any voids among the laminations.
If desired, the immersion tank solution can be warmed, e.g., between 75 C. and less than the boiling point of water. The laminations can also be agitated in the inventive composition in order to enhance coating efficiency. The laminations are then removed from the solution and allowed to dry under ambient conditions or in a heated environment.
While the above description places particular emphasis upon coating an electrical motor core, the instant invention can be employed for treating a virtually unlimited array of surfaces including electronic components such as stators, transformers, among others. Such treatment can impart improved surface properties such as electrical resistance, magnetic (e.g., an iron nano-particle containing coating), corrosion resistance, adhesion/release, anti-static, among other characteristics. The following Examples are provided to illustrate certain aspects of the invention and do not limit the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
The following Examples 1-4 illustrate preparing a solution that can be employed for coating an electrical motor rotor. The coating imparts improved corrosion and erosion resistance when being infiltrated with molten metals such as aluminum.
42 grams of M grade sodium silicate solution (PQ Corp.) were dilute with distilled water to 84 grams. Slowly stir in 2 grams of Cabosil M-5 fumed silica (Cabot Corp.) and stir with a glass stirring rod for 15 minutes. Add 9 grams Ludox AM-30 Colloidal Suspension (Aldrich Chemical Co.) slowly while stirring with a glass stirring rod. Finally add 5.0 grams of sodium aluminate (5 wt % in water) solution slowly and stir for 15 minutes. A uniform aqueous coating solution was obtained.
The coating solution of Example 1 is applied to a steel substrate and dried at 85� C. for 15 minutes to obtain a dry coating layer. The coating layer is further modified by treating it with a 10 wt % solution of Bacote 20 (Magnesium Electron) which contains ammonium zirconyl carbonate.
A solvent borne coating solution was prepared by mixing 73 grams tetra-ethyl orthosilicate (Aldrich Chemical Company) with 20 grams of reagent alcohol (Fisher Scientific) and mixing lightly with a stirring rod. Slowly stir in 2 grams of Cabosil TS-720 fumed silica (Cabot Corp.) and stir with a glass stirring rod for 15 minutes. Add 5 grams Zeolex 23-A (J.M. Huber Corp.) sodium aluminosilicate and stir with a glass stirring rod for 10 minutes. A uniform aqueous coating solution was obtained.
The composition of Example 3 is modified by replacing the Zeolex 23-A with Kaolin Powder (J.T. Baker) and addition of 5 grams of an organo amine such as methyl morpholine which functions as a coatings stabilizer and fixation agent. Additionally, the organoamine can be dispersed in reagent alcohol (e.g. 10% by volume) and used as a secondary treatment of films produced by drying the substrates coated with compositions Examples 3 or 4 at 85� C. for 15 minutes.
A solvent borne composition having the following composition was prepared.
The composition described in the above Table (50 g.) was combined with 5 g. of sodium silicate powder, and applied onto a 1∴4inch steel panel. The panel was dried in an oven at 78�-80� C. for 5 minutes had powdery material on surface.
The coating systems listed in the following Table were prepared by mixing by hand and applied onto a commercially available rotor core (comprising staked laminates).
Ammonium Zirconyl Carbonate=20 wt. % solution of Bacote 20 (Magnesium Elektron Inc.) in water
A coating composition comprising 4.75 g of LUDOX AM30, colloidal silica, sodium aluminate stabilized, was mixed with 0.13 g of Baghouse Fines (Sodium Silicate). The coating was applied onto a steel panel.
A coating composition comprising 4.75 g of LUDOX AM30, colloidal silica, sodium aluminate stabilized, was mixed with 0.138 of CABOSIL M5—fumed silica. The coating was applied onto a steel panel.
Aluminum was melted in a muffle furnace at 1370� F. and poured from crucibles onto the coated steel panels of Examples 7 and 8. After cooling to room temperature, the panels were visually inspected. Visual inspection revealed that there was substantially no adhesion between the aluminum and the steel panels.
The coating compositions of Example 6 were applied per the Table of Example 6 onto a commercially available rotor from an electric motor company, and processed through by injecting molten aluminum into and around the rotor in accordance with commercial die process. Best results were obtained from Sample 15-1 that produced a bar-to bar (metal filled rotor channel) electrical resistance of greater than 1.0 milli-ohm.
A solution comprising 50/50 wt. %, sodium silicate (N-Grade, PQ Corp.), and aqueous colloidal silica treated with sodium aluminate stabilizer (Ludox� AM-30, DuPont Company), was mixed together by hand with glass stir rod for 15 minutes. A second solution comprising Ludox� AM-30 and organometallic surfactant (NZ38J, Kenrich Petrochemical), were mixed together by hand with glass stir rod for 15 minutes. Two 2″�5″ and one 2�4 cold roll steel strips were cleaned with reagent alcohol and air dried. The panels were dipped into the 50/50 solution and placed in oven at 60� C. for 15 minutes. After taken out and cooled the strips were dipped in the second solution (Ludox� AM-30 and 38J) and dried 15 minutes at 60� C.
Aluminum alloy (Alcanal 801737) was melted in a melt pot of about 1500�. The three strips were dipped into the molten aluminum. By visual inspection, the coating upon the strips survived exposure to molten aluminum.
ACT 1�4�0.032 cold rolled steel test panels were cleaned with reagent alcohol. Four panels were dipped in a 50/50 wt. % mixture comprising sodium silicate (N Grade, PQ) and a silica suspension comprising (Ludox� AM-30), and dried in oven at 60� C. for minutes and then dipped in a mixture comprising Ludox AM-30 and an organometallic surfactant (38J, Kenrich Petrochemicals), and dried 15 minutes at 60� C.
Four 2�5 panels additional panels were prepared as above but were coated with a mixture comprising potassium silicate and Ludox AM-30 (instead of N Grade and Ludox AM-30), and oven dried at 60 C. for 15 minutes. All of the panels were coated to a 0.008 thickness. Two of the 1�6�0.032 and 3 2�5 were placed in furnace at 260� C. for 10 minutes.
The electrical conductivity of the dried panel surface was checked by using a Franklin Tester in accordance with conventional practice. The coated surface of the panels was an electrical insulator.
Two of the coated 2�5 were placed in furnace for 4 minutes 1325� F. Visual inspection of these panels indicated that the coated had intumesced.
A borate containing coating composition was prepared by using the following formulation:
1.3 g boric acid
19.7 g sodium tetraborate (Borax)
79.0 g de-ionized (D.I.) Water
The D.I water was heated to 79� C. The boric acid was added and then the sodium tetraborate. The solution was kept on a Fisher scientific hot plate and stirred until the ingredients were dissolved. The solution took 45 minutes to dissolve. An extra 20 grams of D.I. water was added after 20 minutes.
One commercial electric motor laminate was cleaned with reagent alcohol and dipped into the borate containing solution. The laminate was oven dried at 65� C. for 10 minutes. Using the same solution a drop of an organometallic surfactant (38J, Kenrich Petrochemical), was added. A laminate was cleaned and dipped into solution, and oven dried at 65� C. for 10 minutes. Visual inspection of the dried laminates indicated that the surfactant enhanced wetting of the borate containing solution.
A borate containing coating composition have the following formulation was prepared:
7.5 grms boric acid
100.0 grms borax (sodium tetraborate)
400.0 gram de-ionized (D.I.) water
20 drops of 38J (organornetallic surfactant).
D.I. water was heated to 79� C. Boric acid and borax were added to the heated D.I. water while stirring occasionally for 45 minutes until dissolved. 38J was added to solution. Three 2�5 panels and four ACT 1�4�0.032 coupons were cleaned with reagent alcohol and allow to air dry. The panels were dipped in heated borate containing solution and dried in oven at 60� C. for 10 minutes.
The previously described conductivity test indicated that random isolated areas of the surface were electrically conductive. The coated panels were contacted with a second coating. After heating the panels having a second coating at 60� C. for 10 minutes the panels were non-conductive.
Two commercially available electric motor rotors (comprising stacked laminates) were dipped into the borate containing solution and oven dried. One was cleaned with reagent alcohol. The other dipped without cleaning. The rotor not cleaned was conductive on flat surfaces and edges. The rotor cleaned was non-conductive on face surfaces, and conductive on edges.
If desired the above formula can be modified by adding 10-20 wt. % bentonite. The addition of bentonite increases the viscosity of the formula thereby permitting application of a relatively thick film.
The following examples was performed to ascertain the miscibility of aqueous colloidal silica in borate containing composition. Using 20 ml of a borate formulation (comprising 7.5 grams boric acid, 100.0 grams borax and 400 gram de-ionized water), the six commercially available colloidal silica products (Ludox�) listed below were mixed at 1 and 5 weight percent to ascertain miscibility. The commercially available Ludox� products listed below were tested:
Ludox� AM-30
Ludox� L5
Ludox� A5-30
Ludox� CL
Ludox� TMA
Ludox� SM-30
The formula was heated to a temperature of about 79� C. when the aqueous colloidal silica was added. Each of the mixtures formed a thin film when applied onto steel test panel and had a grainy texture after drying under ambient conditions 15 to 20 minutes.
This example demonstrates mixing bentonite with a borate containing composition comprising 400 ml de-ionized water, 7.5 grams boric acid, 100 grams borax and 20 drops of an organometallic surfactant (Kenreact NZ38J). Using 200 ml of the borate containing formula , bentonite as indicated below in order to increase the viscosity of the borate containing solution:
1) 10.5 grams of bentonite was added to 200 ml of the borate containing formula to make a 5% solution.
2) 22.2 grams of bentonite was added to 200 ml of the borate containing formula to make a 10% solution.
3) 35.3 grams of bentonite was added to 200 ml of the borate containing formula to make a 15% solution.
The bentonite and borate containing solution were combined at a temperature of 79 C.
Three commercial rotors were brushed and cleaned with reagent alcohol before dipping into the bentonite/borate containing solutions. The 15 percent bentonite solution provided the greatest increase in viscosity. The rotors were dipped and dried in oven for 30 minutes.
A secondary coating was applied by dipping one end of the coated rotors into a solution comprising aqueous colloidal silica (Ludox� AM-30) and an organometallic surfactant (38J), and dried at 60� C. for 10 minutes.
Using the rotors previously end-coated in accordance with Example 19, the opposite end was dipped in a 50/50 wt. % composition comprising sodium silicate (N-grade) and aqueous colloidal silica (Ludox� AM-30) in order to form an intumescent and non-conductive coating within the rotor slots. The rotors were dipped and dried at 110� C. for 20 minutes. The rotor were then placed in a furnace oven at 1325� F. for 4 minutes and removed.
The conductivity of the flat surfaces and slots of the coated rotors was tested by using a Franklin Tester. The intumescent coating was electrically insulative or non-conductive on the face and edges.
A 50/50 wt. % silica containing composition comprising sodium silicate (N Grade) and colloidal silica (Ludox� AM30) was mixed together by using an electric mixer. Eleven (11) ACT cold roll steel coupon, 1�4�0.032 were cleaned with naphtha and reagent alcohol using a Wimwipe to wipe off access and allowed to air dry before dip.
Using only sodium silicate, 3 panels were dipped and dried at 60� C. for 10 minutes. No intumescent coating was formed. The panels were then placed into a 110� C. oven for 10 minutes. No intumescent coating was formed.
The 50/50 wt. % silica containing coating was applied upon the coupons, and heated by being placed in a furnace oven of 1325� F. for 4 minutes. An intumescent coating was formed.
This Example demonstrates using a water soluble polymer comprising an acrylic emulsion in a silica containing solution comprising sodium silicate (N-grade), an aqueous colloidal silica (Ludox� AM) and an organometallic surfactant (NZ38J). Four ACT cold roll steel panels were contacted with the following coating compositions:
A. 1 panel was contacted with unmodified acrylic emulsion,
B. 2 panels were coated with the silica containing solution having 5 wt. % acrylic emulsion,
C. 1 panel was coated with the silica containing solution having about 50 wt % acrylic emulsion.
After being contacted with an acrylic emulsion coating, the coupons were dried at 60� C., 110 C. and 290 C. Visual inspection of the coupons indicated that each of the coating compositions was adhered to the coupon. If desired, the coupons can be coated with a borate containing coating, e.g., comprising de-ionized water, boric acid, borax and an organometallic surfactant, and contacted with a secondary coating comprising the coating the instant Example.
This example illustrates an acrylic emulsion comprising 50/50 wt. % sodium silicate (N-grade) and an aqueous colloidal silicate (Ludox(D A-M30) with an organometallic sufactant (Ken-React N2 38J). Acrylic emulsions having the following compositions were prepared:
5 cold roll steel coupons were cleaned with naphtha and reagent alcohol, and air dried. One panel was dipped in each solution and dried on 60� C. for 10 minutes.
This example demonstrates a coating composition comprising a urethane polymer with 50 wt. %/50 wt. % silica containing solution comprising sodium silicate (N-grade), aqueous colloidal silica (Ludox� AM 30) and an organometallic surfactant (Ken-React NZ 38J). A 100 ml of the 50/50 silica containing solution was mixed and added to a commercially available urethane polymer (Zeneca Resins) to obtain the following compositions:
Three (3) cold roll steel 1�4�0.032 coupons were cleaned with naphtha and reagent alcohol, and air died. One coupon was dipped in each of the 5, 10, and 15% solutions and oven dried at 60� C. for 10 minutes. Coupons were also dipped in each of the solutions and oven dried at 110 C. for 10 minutes. All of the oven dried coupons were visually inspected and determined to have adhesion between the coupons and coatings.
The borate containing composition of Example 17 was prepared. One weight (1 wt. %) of each of the following materials was added to 20 ml of the borate containing composition:
1) aluminum oxide,
2) zirconium silicate,
3) magnesium silicate,
4) kaolin,
5) potassium silicate,
6) sodium silicate,
7) calcium silicate,
8) sodium aluminate,
9) bentonite.
These materials were blended by hand and applied upon ACT steel coupons. The steel coupons were dipped by hand in the blended materials and heated in an oven under atmospheric conditions at 60 C. for 10 minutes. The coated coupons were removed and visually inspected. Each coupon had an adherent coating.
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£6.58 per 100ml
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Product Information
MicroClear® technology
Hydrates & refreshes
Helps keep skin clear and soft
Does not clog pores
Developed with dermatologists
Neutrogena® visibly clear® pink grapefruit oil-free moisturiser
A daily facial moisturiser with a fresh fragrance that leaves skin looking beautifully clear and healthy.
Hydrates: the light oil-free formula provides 24hr hydration without clogging the pores. It absorbs quickly and leaves your skin feeling smooth and soft.
Clears: enriched with MicroClear® technology, used daily, it helps to reduce and prevent spots and blemishes. Skin looks more smooth and even, the complexion is visibly improved.
Refreshes: the lightweight formula with its delicate hint of pink grapefruit quenches your skin with hydration and uplifts your senses so you look and feel fresh.
Product Specification
Aqua,Glycerin,Propylene Glycol,Cetyl Alcohol,C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate,Stearyl Alcohol,Glyceryl Stearate,Peg-100 Stearate,Salicylic Acid,Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Extract,Chamomilla Recutita Extract,Menthyl Lactate,Cetyl Lactate,Cocamidopropyl Pg-Dimonium Chloride Phosphate,C12-15 Alkyl Lactate,Dimethicone,Sodium Isostearoyl Lactylate,Propylene Glycol Isostearate,Alcohol Denat,Isopropyl Alcohol,Myristyl Alcohol,Palmitic Acid,Stearic Acid,Carbomer,Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer,Sodium Chloride,Disodium Edta,Sodium Hydroxide,Lactic Acid,Benzalkonium Chloride,Methylparaben,Propylparaben,Ethylparaben,Phenoxyethanol,Parfum
Size (50) Unit (ML) Height (14) Width (5.7) Depth (2.8)
How to Use
Directions for use: first use pink grapefruit daily facial wash or daily scrub to clean skin. Then smooth moisturiser over face and neck morning and evening. Avoid contact with eyes. In case of contact with eyes, rinse well with water.
This moisturiser has a really nice smell and a nice texture, I feel like I need to use quite a bit of product when I let my face totally dry out after cleansing but not much is needed if your face is slightly patted dry/ toned before use. Quite expensive for how much you get but not bad on special offer
Would you recommend this product: YesFlag this review
I like in a tropical country, and I absolutely love the minty cool effect it has on my skin, especially in the hot and humid climate. It dries to a nice smooth finish. I still ask friends who travel to UK to buy this for me.
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best moisturizer out there!!! I have tried many moisturizers drugstore and department store but this one gets all the kudos !!! i have oily normal combination skin and my skin is very picky about what it wants on it. it keeps my face moisturized and glowing (in a healthy way ) nor sticky and oily :))
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I bought this on sale a month ago. This is very bad cream as when I put it on it stings my skin badly. This is first time in my life I have this reaction ever. My skin type is normal without any blemishes, pore problems or dryness, so women with more sensitive skin should be cautious when buying this product.
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The goal of the project was to provide carefully reasoned guidance to key stakeholders regarding the creation and implementation of K–12 engineering curricula and instructional practices, focusing especially on the connections among science, technology, engineering, and mathematics education. The project had these specific objectives:
Survey the landscape of current and past efforts to implement engineering-related K–12 instructional materials and curricula in the United States and other nations;
Review evidence related to the impact of these initiatives, to the extent such information is available;
Describe the ways in which K–12 engineering content has incorporated science, technology, and mathematics concepts, used these subjects as context to explore engineering concepts, or used engineering as a context to explore science, technology, and mathematics concepts; and
Report on the intended learning outcomes of K–12 engineering education initiatives, taking into account student age, curriculum focus (e.g., science vs. technology education), program orientation (e.g., general education vs. career/vocational education), and other factors.
In meeting the goal and objectives, the project focused on three key issues and three related guiding questions:
There are multiple perspectives about the purpose and place of engineering in the K–12 classroom. These points of view lead to emphases on very different outcomes. QUESTION: What are realistic and appropriate learning outcomes for engineering education in K–12?
There has not been a careful analysis of engineering education within a K–12 environment that looks at possible subject intersections. QUESTION: How might engineering education complement the learning objectives of other content areas, particularly science, technology, and mathematics, and how might these other content areas complement learning objectives in engineering education?
There has been little if any serious consideration of the systemic changes in the U.S. education system that might be required to enhance K–12 engineering education. QUESTION: What educa-


text:
Progresso Chicken Fricassee
11 Oct 2010
|Olive oil
|3 Tablespoon, divided (Progresso)
|Coarsely chopped onions
|2 Cup (32 tbs)
|Thinly sliced carrots
|2 Cup (32 tbs)
|Sliced mushrooms
|2 Cup (32 tbs)
|Chicken parts
|3 Pound
|Basil leaves
|1 1⁄2 Teaspoon, crushed
|Thyme leaves
|1 Teaspoon, crushed
|1⁄2 Teaspoon
|Ground black pepper
|1⁄8 Teaspoon
|Canned crushed tomatoes
|28 Ounce (1 can, Progresso)
|Sweet fried peppers
|6 Ounce, undrained (1 jar, Progresso)
In a large saucepot heat 2 tablespoons of the olive oil until hot.
Add onions, carrots and mushrooms.
Saute until vegetables are barely tender.
With a slotted spoon remove vegetables to a plate and reserve.
Heat remaining 1 tablespoon oil in saucepot.
Add chicken, a few pieces at a time, so they are not crowded.
Saute until brown on all sides.
As chicken browns, remove to a plate and reserve.
Return chicken, skin side up, to saucepot.
Cover with vegetables.
Sprinkle with basil, thyme, salt and black pepper.
Add tomatoes and sweet fried peppers.
Simmer, covered, until chicken is cooked and tender, about 40 minutes, basting occasionally with sauce.
Garnish with parsley, if desired.
Rate It
0 Comments
Progresso Chicken Fricassee Recipe


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Just as it gives employees the right to unionize, the NLRA also gives them the right to withdraw from union membership.
How to Deunionize
There are two basic ways to deunionize.
One way is to conduct a campaign among the members of your bargaining unit to get them to petition the NLRB to conduct a decertification election. You generally have to show the NLRB that at least 30% of the bargaining unit wants to get rid of the union before the NLRB will hold an election. If you are able to bring about an election, you will probably also have to campaign hard against the union for the votes of other members of the bargaining unit.
Another way to deunionize is simply to resign your individual membership. The courts have ruled that informing your employer that you want check-off deductions for union dues and fees stopped is not sufficient to quit a union; you must advise the union in writing of your decision to quit.
In right-to-work states, such a resignation leaves you free and clear of the union altogether—no membership, no dues, no fees. In other states, you may be required to continue paying fees and dues to your bargaining unit's union if the contract there includes a union security agreement. See Right to Work, Union Shops, and Union Dues for more information.
Limitations on Unions
The NLRA also prohibits unions from interfering with your right to reject or change union membership. Unions may not:
- restrain or coerce employees from exercising their rights under the NLRA; this includes the violence and threats of violence that some unions use against people who reject union membership
- cause or encourage an employer to discriminate against an employee or group of employees because of their deunionization activities
- interfere in any way with an employee's right to freely express opinions on union membership
- fail or refuse to bargain in good faith with an employer on behalf of a bargaining unit that has designated the union as its bargaining agent, even if the union and the bargaining unit are at odds, or
- prevent you from going to work by using such tactics as mass picketing.


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Poll Shows Marylanders Love Their State Parks
A new survey shows that Marylanders love their state parks.
Survey Asks Md. Middle School Students About Sexual Acivity
10 questions were added to a survey administered to all public middle schools in Maryland this year — including questions about their sexual activity.
US Executives Survey: 46 Percent Favor Technology Over Hiring New Employees
U.S. workers face a dim future, with stagnant or falling pay and fewer openings for full-time jobs.
Poll: Americans Very Likely To Inflate Their Amount Of Religious Participation
Americans are highly likely to inflate their amount of religious participation – if they even attend religious services at all.
Poll: 69 Percent Of Americans Say Alcohol More Harmful Than Marijuana
In a national survey that shows the American public is ready for a truce in the ongoing war on drugs, a two-thirds majority of U.S. adults (67 percent) say that the government should focus more on providing treatment for people using drugs such as heroin and cocaine instead of jail time.
Study: Homophobic People Die Younger
Survey participants who showed anti-gay views died an average of 2.5 years earlier than those who didn't.
ND Leads Nation In Health, Well-Being; SD No. 2
Oil-rich North Dakota leads the nation in a survey of the emotional, physical and mental well-being of its residents, followed closely by its sister state South Dakota, according to a national survey.
Study: Americans Flunk Basic Science Facts But Like Science
90 percent of respondents say scientists are working for the benefit of humanity.
Survey: US Companies Add 238K December Jobs, Most In Year
A private survey shows U.S. businesses added the most jobs in a year in December, powered by a big gain in construction jobs. The figures add to evidence that the economy gained momentum at the end of 2013.
Survey: 90 Percent Of Drivers Consider Self-Driving Car For Cheaper Insurance
Twenty percent of drivers say they would buy a fully computer-operated vehicle, and 90 percent would switch to an autonomous vehicle if they could get cheaper car insurance.


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Pretty Girl Make The World Go Round
Bill Murray Truly Is The Most Interesting Man In The World
Top 10 Hardest Video Games Ever Made
101 Workouts That Don't Require Gym Equipment
Confessions Of An Employee Of A For-Profit College
Reach over one million taste makers a month
31 Stunning Photographs Of The Human Race
"The Earth Has Music For Those Who Listen"
Animal Shelter Puts Dogs In Photo Booths To Help Them Get Adopted And It's Working
This Post Goes Out To All Those Who Have A Deep Appreciation For A Beautiful Car
Real Life Lookalikes of Famous Characters And People
A Tribute To The Awesomeness Of Louis C.K.
This One Goes Out To All Those Who Have Ever Experienced The Joy Of Owning A Dog
What The F**k Is Happening To This World…..People Are Getting Offended By Everything!!!
26 Struggles Only 90's Kids Will Understand
16 Unethical Life Hacks
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Tess Holliday is the first size-22 model ever signed by a major modeling agency.
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December 16, 2013 | 1 Comment » | Topics: FAIL
Not only is there an outlet in that shower, but the person fucked up the tiling job. I think that almost makes me madder.


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Reaching back through time, Invictas Vintage Collection captures the stylish elegance of the past & places it firmly on the wrist of the present. The result of this synthesis includes the Invicta IV logo, dating from 1837, exhibition case backs, antique finished dials, Roman numerals, alarm functions, and leather or stainless steel bands. Evocative of classic European watch making yet striking the perfect balance between the past and future, the very best of the old and new world meet here at the point of Vintage.
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December 13, 2012
Brookdale Senior Living initiated with a Neutral at Macquarie
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Brookdale Senior Living announced that Mark Ohlendorf, the company's President and CFO, will transition from his current dual roles to focus on an enhanced role as President. The company also announced that Gregory Richard, the company's COO, will step down effective September 30, 2015. President, Mr. Ohlendorf will immediately assume an active role in the company's operations leadership and will direct Brookdale's innovation initiatives. The ompany has initiated a search process to identify a new CFO and a new COO, and has retained Heidrick & Struggles, an executive search firm, to assist in this process. The company will consider both external and internal candidates. Ohlendorf will continue to serve as the company's CFO until a successor is appointed.
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text:
#1 hit single by Peabo Bryson and Regina Belle in1993.
"Have I Told You Lately" is a hit song written by Northern Irish singer-songwriter Van Morrison and recorded for his 1989 album Avalon Sunset. It is a romantic ballad often played at weddings although it was originally written also as a prayer.
"Have I Told You Lately" has become a classic song and has received acclaim by winning a Grammy Award and a BMI Million-Air certificate. When released as a single by Mercury in 1989, it charted at number twelve on US Adult Contemporary Charts and has been a popular cover song with many vocal and instrumental versions recorded by numerous artists and bands. In 1993, Rod Stewart's version charted at number five in the US and UK.
#1 hit single by Peabo Bryson and Regina Belle in1993.
#6 hit single by Babyface from 1997
#8 hit single by Barbra Streisand and Bryan Adams from 1996.


text:
Smoked Haddock And Sweet Corn
|Smoked haddock
|1 1⁄2 Pound
|Sweet corn
|1 Pound (1 Tin)
|1 Ounce
|1 Ounce
|To Taste
|1⁄2 Pint
|To Taste
|To Taste
Put a generous layer of drained corn into a casserole.
Cut fish into squares or strips and arrange on the bed of corn, dotting with a little butter, and sprinkling lightly with salt and pepper.
Put the rest of the corn over the fish.
Make 1/2 pint of white sauce and pour over the ingredients of the casserole.
Cover and cook gently for 30-40 minutes in a moderate oven.
Remove lid about 5-10 minutes before serving so that the top browns a little.
Spinach or pureed tomatoes go well with this dish, and if a more substantial meal is needed then poached eggs, or oeufs mollet can be served with it.
Oeufs mollet are eggs boiled to exactly the right degree, i.e. with the white set but the yolk 'still dribbly' (as my sister used to complain in her youth!).
Shell them, and keep them warm, if need be, in a basin of warm water before bringing them, as speedily as possible, to the table.


text:
Acne occurs when the skin's natural oil - sebum- is unable to leave the skin because the hair follicle is blocked. This may result in a blackhead, whitehead and can lead to the growth of bacteria under the skin causing inflammation. Pulsar works by reducing the blood supply to the sebaceous gland, which slows down the production of sebum and accelerates the healing process.
Online bookings let you pick date/time for your visit.
If you purchase an eVoucher you will need to book with the venue directly.
Our old Wahanda Gift Vouchers can still be redeemed at over 3,000 locations. Use them to pay as you would with cash. Please note, the Wahanda Gift Voucher's successor – the Wahanda Gift Card – can only be used for online purchases.


text:
Saffron rice with chicken & peppers
By Roopa Gulati
Cooking timeReady in about 40-50 minutes
Skill levelEasy
ServingsServes 4
Infuse this super-healthy rice dish with the distinctive flavour of saffron - the dish is high in vitamin C, too
Nutrition and extra info
Additional info
- Healthy
Nutrition per serving
- kcalories
- 493
- protein
- 44g
- carbs
- 61g
- fat
- 8g
- saturates
- 1g
- fibre
- 3g
- sugar
- 0g
- salt
- 0.6g
- saffron, generous pinch
- 6 tbsp warm water
- 2 tbsp olive oil
- 4 boneless and skinless chicken breasts (about 600g/1lb 5oz total weight), each cut into chunks
- 2 sprigs thyme
- 2 medium onions, sliced
- 3 large garlic cloves, finely chopped
- juice of 1 lime
- 1 red pepper, seeded and cut into strips
- 100ml dry white wine
- 125ml light chicken stock
- 250g basmati rice
- 100g frozen peas (or fresh, cooked)
Compare prices
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- Put the saffron in a small bowl and pour over the warm water. Bruise the strands with the back of a teaspoon to fix the colour, and set aside while you prepare the rest.
- Heat the olive oil in a large, weighty casserole, and when hot tip in the chicken. Stir fry for a minute or two over a high heat to seal in the juices, then set aside.
- Strip the leaves from the thyme sprigs and scatter into the pan along with the onions and garlic. Fry until golden then pour in the lime juice. Turn the heat down a tad, add the pepper and continue cooking for another 5 minutes before adding the wine, stock and seasoning. Return the chicken to the pan and simmer for 6 minutes until the meat is tender and the liquid has cooked down a little.
- Meanwhile, cook the rice in a pan of fast boiling water until tender, but with a slight bite. Drain in a colander and rinse with warm water. Heap over the chicken while still on the heat. Drizzle with the saffron and its soaking liquid, and scatter over the peas. Don't stir the chicken and rice at this stage, but cover and cook over a low-moderate heat until the rice is fluffy and the liquid reduced to a few tablespoons – about 3 minutes. Before serving, gently mix the saffron-streaked rice with the chicken and pepper mixture.
Recipe from Good Food magazine, March 2004
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Comments, questions and tips
This is a great recipe and was enjoyed by the whole family (including children aged 12 and 6). Dare I say that the cold leftovers were enjoyed even more, the next day. I made this with a chicken that I jointed, rather than just chicken breasts, since it is both cheaper to do it this way, and I personally prefer my chicken on the bone. I didn't cook the rice separately, simply browned the chicken, then added the onions and peppers, then the rice, and the liquid. This dish will undoubtedly become a firm favourite in our family.


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31 year old woman | Miller Place, NY, USA | Seeking men 28-33 within 15 miles
Sometimes you feel like a nut...sometimes you don't! =)
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Aerobics, Bowling, Dancing, Other types of exercise, Skiing, Swimming, Walking / Hiking, Yoga
I exercise 1-2 times per week.
I like Dogs
Middle of the Road
Fashion Institute of Technology, New York, NY
Beach, peanut M&M's, happy hours, getting dressed up, dancing, karaoke, watching tv, NETFLIX ;)
I am usually with my friends and/or family. I'm always trying to find something new and exciting to do. I am not a homebody so I really look forward to making plans...Life is good =)
I can't remember the last book I read, but I read from time to time short stories, magazine articles etc.
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
|What she is looking for
|5'3" (160cms)
|5'8" (172cms) to 6'10" (208cms)
|Body type:
|About average
|About average, Athletic and toned, A few extra pounds
|No preference
|Light brown
|Black, Light brown, Dark brown, Blonde, Salt and pepper, Dark blonde
|No Way
|No Way
|Social Drinker
|Social Drinker
|Administrative / Secretarial
|No preference
Although my degrees are in Fashion Design I am currently working as a Human Resources Representative at a Hospital and loving it.
|I'll tell you later
|No preference
|Never Married
|Never Married
|Have kids:
|Wants kids:
|White / Caucasian
|White / Caucasian
|Christian / Catholic
|Christian / Catholic, Spiritual but not religious
|Bachelors degree
|Associates degree, Bachelors degree, Graduate degree, PhD / Post Doctoral
I have a BS in Human Ecology concentration in Fashion Design, Associates in Fashion Design and I am licensed in Cosmetology.


text:
Mother and son escape 4 a.m. Sunday house fire in Boonton
12:13 PM, Apr. 14, 2014
Email this article
Mother and son escape 4 a.m. Sunday house fire in Boonton
A mother and son escaped injury at 4 a.m. Sunday when they fled their home on Union Street to escape a fire started by a pot left unattended on their kitchen stove, officials said.
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