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Talk:Johann Sebastian Bach
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Why does this article say Bach's birthday was March 31, when many other sources say it was March 21?
Due to the change from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar, both dates are valid: March 21 in Old Style dates, March 31 in New Style. Wikipedia uses New Style dates, but also includes the Old Style in small print – hence the "(OS 21 March)" notation. See Old Style and New Style dates for more details.
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- 1 Citations for movement sequence
- 2 Birthday
- 3 Changing Bach's Birthday from Julian to Gregorian (O.S. to N.S.)
- 4 Complaint
- 5 Musique concrète?
- 6 Classical composers
- 7 Easy Listening???!!!
- 8 Lutheran and Episcopal feast day
- 9 Problematic claim and citation in the lead
- 10 Which churches in Leipzig?
- 11 Spitta index, organs, churches
- 12 Deathbed chorale
- 13 Semi-protected edit request on 20 September 2014
- 14 Most Popular Works Barely Mentioned
- 15 Pronunciation in English
- 16 Semi-protected edit request on 22 November 2014
- 17 Criticism section
- 18 Passions, oratorios, Magnificat?
- 19 Bach's religious convictions
- 20 Invitation to help start missing related articles
- 21 what the ...?
- 22 Cause(s) of death
- 23 "Royal court composer" to King August III of Poland, in Dresden
- 24 Composer sons
Citations for movement sequence[edit]
Someone has just supplied a citation which was "required" for the sequence of movements in the English suites -- but this (like other such "citations" here) is a reference to a recording which lists the movements. This seems quite absurd to me: the sequence of movements can be checked directly by looking at the score, to which there are several links at the end of the article. I cannot see that mentioning any particular recording is any help at all. Am I missing something? I understand the need for verifiability, but some things are self-verifiable, and extraneous references just clutter up the text. Imaginatorium (talk) 14:05, 17 February 2014 (UTC)
Your article says J. S. Bach was born March 31st, 1685. According to all other sources including biography.com, and everything else I have heard it was March 21st. The churches in Ann Arbor when I was in college in 1985 had a birthday concert on 1985. So either you are wrong or everyone else is. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 18.104.22.168 (talk) 17:15, 11 March 2014 (UTC)
- Due to the change from the Julian to Gregorian calendar, both dates are valid. March 21st in old style dates, the 31st in new style, hence the "(OS 21 March)" notation. See Old Style and New Style dates. Rwessel (talk) 17:50, 11 March 2014 (UTC)
- This is an excellent answer. Can we somehow achieve that it doesn't get archived, because the question comes up again and again? --Gerda Arendt (talk) 17:53, 11 March 2014 (UTC)
- This page being archived manually (IOW, no automated bot), so we would just leave a note so that the next person doing an archive will (hopefully) not archive the thread/section in question. If automated archived were set up, adding a {{subst:DNAU}} to the thread should cause it to never archive. Alternatively, a footnote like Note 1 in George Washington. Rwessel (talk) 18:53, 11 March 2014 (UTC)
- This is an excellent answer. Can we somehow achieve that it doesn't get archived, because the question comes up again and again? --Gerda Arendt (talk) 17:53, 11 March 2014 (UTC)
OK, but then George Washington's birthday should be like March 4. And when I looked up Julian calendar it shows the dates going from Sep 2, 1752 to Sep 14, 1752 which is 2 days later (i.e., an additional 11 days more than the 1 day it should be). So why Mar 31 instead of April 1? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 22.214.171.124 (talk) 18:22, 11 March 2014 (UTC)
- George Washington was born February 22, 1732 (O.S. February 11, 1731), not at the end of March/beginning of April. Rwessel (talk) 18:53, 11 March 2014 (UTC)
- Also, changes in the calendar happened at different times in different countries. The 1752 date is accurate for England and its colonies, but German-speaking countries made the switch much earlier -- in some cases in the year 1700, which was a leap year in the Julian calendar but not the Gregorian, which is why in 1685 there was only a 10-day discrepancy between the two, but an 11-day one in 1732. —Wahoofive (talk) 20:07, 11 March 2014 (UTC)
But where he was was Germany and it was before adoption of the calendar. But this article just furthers my point that Wikipedia is very unreliable and most of the writers have their heads stuck in places where it is too dark to see. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 18.104.22.168 (talk) 11:53, 13 March 2014 (UTC)
- Interesting perspective, but quite wrong-headed. Once the Gregorian calendar was introduced somewhere but not everywhere (we're talking 1582 in Italy, Spain, Portugal and Poland only), then until such time as it did gain acceptance everywhere, there's a "comparing apples and oranges" problem. That's because 21 March 1685 in Germany was NOT the same day as 21 March 1685 in Italy, Spain etc. They were in fact 10 days apart. The day Bach was born was "called" 21 March in Germany where they were still using the Julian calendar, but it was the same day as 31 March in the Gregorian. Similarly, it's often been noted that Shakespeare and Cervantes died on exactly the same day, 23 April 1616: except, they didn't. Their deaths were separated by 10 days in real time. Shakespeare's 23 April 1616 (Julian) is equivalent to 3 May 1616 (Gregorian). Do we see Shakespeare's death day now being celebrated on 3 May rather than 23 April? No, but that isn't the point. The very much staggered introduction of the Gregorian Calendar throughout the world is a historical fact, and the only way we can make sense of the mismatch of the calendars at any point in time is to record the date of an event in the calendar in use in that place at that time, as well as recording the date it would have been in the Gregorian calendar had it been introduced there already. Then and only then we can compare apples with apples. This is exactly what we've done with Bach, and Handel, and every Russian person born before 1918, and many others.
- Another example: Brahms and Tchaikovsky liked and respected each other personally, but hated each other's music and told each other so. I don't know if they were ever aware they shared the same birthday, 7 May. Probably not, because Brahms was born under the Gregorian calendar, while Tchaikovsky was born under the Julian, and he called his birthday 25 April. But the calendars were then 12 days apart, and they did in fact share the same birthday 7 May (Gregorian). -- Jack of Oz [pleasantries] 21:30, 13 March 2014 (UTC)
- I don't know about Bach, but many people at the time adjusted their birthdays when the calendar change was implemented. George Washington, who until 1752 had celebrated his birthday on Feb. 11, changed it to Feb. 22 so his next birthday would be 365 days later. So in order to know when his birthday fell in a particular year, you need both dates available. (There's also the matter of needing to change his birth year from 1731 to 1732, which you can read about in footnote 1 of the George Washington article.) —Wahoofive (talk) 22:33, 13 March 2014 (UTC)
Changing Bach's Birthday from Julian to Gregorian (O.S. to N.S.)[edit]
I'm surprised that Bach's birthdate is noted in Gregorian rather than what countless sources use, i.,e. March 21. The original German wiki notes it as March 21. Having done Bach research for a good many years, this is the first time I've seen the Gregorian date of March 31. Looking at Bach's contemporaries, the old style date is maintained. Why has this revision been made? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 126.96.36.199 (talk) 21:22, 21 March 2014 (UTC)
- Have you read the long discussion immediately above this one?—Jerome Kohl (talk) 23:56, 21 March 2014 (UTC)
Yes. Citing the NS date first is misleading, pedantic and punctilious. This entry on Bach is unique in the entire body of secondary literature in music history (including contemporary scholarship) in drawing unnecessary attention to the "great controversy" of the very gradual adoption of the Gregorian (to the XX century in Russia). Each and every student who is asked to cite the birthdate of Bach will be given censure. Anyone who knows Bach will say "He was born on March 21, 1685." To expect ordinary music students to take the OS/NS differences into consideration is, of course, a misguided project. As a service, this date should be changed. Drawing attention to calendarism has nothing to do with the fact base on which we rely. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 126.96.36.199 (talk) 00:55, 22 March 2014 (UTC)
- So what do you suggest? To omit the New Style date altogether or to reverse the order: Johann Sebastian Bach (21 March [N.S. 31 March] 1685 – 28 July 1750) was a German composer, … ? -- Michael Bednarek (talk) 13:22, 22 March 2014 (UTC)
- I must say, I agree completely with 220.127.116.11 re the grossly misleading and pedantic use of a date that no other serious reference book uses. It has always mystified me that Wikipedia does this. Grove, the Oxford dictionaries, the Harvard dictionaries, the Encyclopedia Britannica all use 21 March. Not to mention the celebrations in Berlin for Bach's tercentenary on 21 March 1985. The only place you find 31 March is Wikipedia, its mirrors, and a book for school children in New Zealand (which I suspect relies on Wikipedia). Grove doesn't even mention that the date would be 31 in the Gregorian calendar. Why? No doubt because it is a pedantic irrelevance. At the very least, the order should be reversed. But frankly, I'd omit that clutter from an already cluttered lede and put the pedantry in a footnote for those who think it's necessary. Voceditenore (talk) 15:18, 22 March 2014 (UTC)
Also, I was reading about the calculation of Orthodox and, for lack of a better word, Unorthodox Easter. Orthodox use the calendar that's older. The article coincidentally mentions March 21st because that is the considered date of the equinox, but this article (http://www.goarch.org/ourfaith/ourfaith7050) states that old style March 21 is new style April 3, not March 31. if correct, this article should say Bach was born on April 3. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 184.108.40.206 (talk) 12:08, 2 May 2014 (UTC)
- The calendars have continued to diverge since Bach's time. The Gregorian date on Bach's birthday would have been March 31 that year, so if you're, for example, identifying events which took place on the same day in Rome, you'd use March 31, 1685. The fact that there have been three years (1700, 1800, 1900) since then which were leap years in the Julian calendar — but which weren't in the Gregorian — is irrelevant. —Wahoofive (talk) 18:36, 2 May 2014 (UTC)
They censored a valid comment from me they didn't like. Wikipedia has a habbit of doing that to people they disagree with. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 184.108.40.206 (talk) 12:19, 5 May 2014 (UTC)
- Removed comment was this. Article talk pages are for discussing improvements to the article. They are not for discussing the article's subject or for expressing your personal opinions about Wikipedia in general, or anything else for that matter. Off-topic comments like yours are regularly removed or archived by other editors. I suggest you read How to use article talk pages. Voceditenore (talk) 13:06, 5 May 2014 (UTC)
- I wouldn't have removed the complaint. Tony (talk) 13:13, 5 May 2014 (UTC)
- I wouldn't have, either. But that comment did in no way contribute to the article's impovement, and so I didn't revert its removal. cookies crumble ... -- Michael Bednarek (talk) 13:19, 5 May 2014 (UTC)
- Just to clarify, I didn't remove the comment myself, although I have removed or archived off-topic comments from Talk pages on occasion. I was only explaining why that happened. Incidentally, 18.104.22.168, your comment would have been just as off-topic had you said "Just more evidence to show if you want reliable information use Wikipedia.". Voceditenore (talk) 13:29, 5 May 2014 (UTC)
- Indeed. Just to show that I'm consistent, I refer you to this edit. Toccata quarta (talk) 08:16, 6 May 2014 (UTC)
- I wouldn't have removed the complaint. Tony (talk) 13:13, 5 May 2014 (UTC)
Musique concrète?[edit]
News of a petition, including the signatures of Günter Blobel and J. M. Coetzee, to save Bach's house, which is currently under a car park: [1]! Martinevans123 (talk) 22:17, 31 March 2014 (UTC)
Classical composers[edit]
We've had a couple of reverts with regard to the Category:18th-century classical composers. If you view the category you'll see that they're all composers of music from the Classical period (as opposed to Baroque or Romantic), like Mozart. It doesn't mean composers of classical music broadly defined -- that wouldn't even make sense, since all composers of the 18th century composed that kind of music; none of them wrote jazz or hip-hop. Can we get a consensus on this? —Wahoofive (talk) 22:37, 29 May 2014 (UTC)
- Sorry, but I've just had a look at that list and it includes Tomaso Albinoni, Carl Heinrich Biber, François Couperin, Johann Friedrich Fasch, Christoph Graupner, George Frideric Handel, Johann David Heinichen, Johann Joachim Quantz, Jean-Philippe Rameau, and George Philipp Telemann, all of whom are solidly classed as Baroque composers. If we are going to reach a consensus to remove Bach from this category, then his contemporaries and predecessors are really going to have to go as well.
I don't find a separate category for Baroque composers. Should there be one? Alternatively, perhaps there should be a "late Baroque" category, as a sub-category of 18th-century composers.—Jerome Kohl (talk) 23:33, 29 May 2014 (UTC)
Yeah, those guys don't belong there either. There's really no point in having a category of all 18th-century composers. I was afraid no one would see it if I brought it up on the category talk page, though, so I thought I'd start here. —Wahoofive (talk) 23:58, 29 May 2014 (UTC)
Maybe the problem is that the category contains "18th century" in the name, which is redundant at best, and uselessly exclusionary at worst (Beethoven's not a classical composer?). Where's a better place to address this? —Wahoofive (talk) 00:01, 30 May 2014 (UTC)
Or maybe the category is just redundant with List of Classical era composers. —Wahoofive (talk) 00:04, 30 May 2014 (UTC)
- I was a bit baffled when I noticed User:Mokgamen changing articles from Category:18th-century composers to Category:18th-century classical composers: who of the former does not belong into the latter? Looking at the context provided by Category:Classical composers, it seems that "classical" does not refer to Classical period (music) but to Classical music. To avoid confusion about what the category means, I would have preferred to stay with the original name. Now we have 2 categories for 18th-century composers with no obvious distinction criteria. -- Michael Bednarek (talk) 06:07, 30 May 2014 (UTC)
Easy Listening???!!![edit]
This article seems to group alternative versions of Bach's works (very incomplete list) together under the wholly inappropriate banner of "Easy Listening" versions. Neither Wendy Carlos or Jacques Loussier are bracketed in these genre definitions either in life or on Wikipedia's other pages. Carlos is an electronic pioneer who is fundamental to the history of Electronic Music and Loussier is a highly respected Jazz pianist who has a major career spanning the latter half of the twentieth century and beyond. "Easy Listening" as used in this otherwise fine article appears to be a form of slur or the ignorance of the writer to the other forms of music available in the current time. Putting these fine artists together and tagging them with the "Easy Listening" badge is as wantonly wrong as lumping Debussy together with Palestrina and tagging them "Old Skool Classical Stuff". Subject to no objections I would like to rewrite the paragraph in question, expanding the article to show the effect that Bach had on contemporary musicians outside the formal so-called "Classical" music arena, rather than simply the effect these artists had on the "popularity of Bach". I'll start my changes in a week from now if there are no objections. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Humbled By The Knowledge Of Others (talk • contribs) 20:42, 9 June 2014 (UTC)
- I agree that the "Easy listening" label adds nothing, really. (The article easy listening took me to something called beautiful music, in an even more wonky sense. Crumbs.) Why not a minor rewrite, avoiding "easy listening"... Imaginatorium (talk) 03:12, 10 June 2014 (UTC)
Lutheran and Episcopal feast day[edit]
I'm adding a mention of this feast day in this article's legacy section, in order to include the Episcopal and Lutheran musicians' memorial on today's list of Holidays and Observances. Lutherans celebrate Bach, Handel and Schutz on the anniversary of Bach's death, and Epicopalians substitute Purcell for Schutz. I'm mentioning the reason here, because all the wikipedia articles for the other musicians mention the feast day. From this talk page, it seems that one or more editors may prefer the article as it is (and don't have the time to track down if/when a previous mention/s was/were removed, much less try to upgrade the status of this article, which seems on a downward trend).Jweaver28 (talk) 11:20, 28 July 2014 (UTC)
- Thanks for bringing this up on the article's talk page for discussion. No thanks for immediately making your changes to the article. This has been discussed several times in the past, with no clear consensus. The last time was in July 2013 at Talk:Johann Sebastian Bach/Archive 10#Addition of a Veneration section, before that in August 2012 at Talk:Johann Sebastian Bach/Archive 9#J. S. Bach, an Anglican Saint?? For reasons expressed there by others and me, I still oppose the inclusion of this section. -- Michael Bednarek (talk) 13:22, 28 July 2014 (UTC)
Problematic claim and citation in the lead[edit]
"Bach's compositions include the Brandenburg concertos, the Mass in B minor, The Well-Tempered Clavier, two Passions, keyboard works, and more than 300 cantatas, of which nearly 100 cantatas have been lost to posterity.[2]"
Ahum. We're pretty sure that some cantatas have been lost (who knows how many were stored in the Weimar castle that burned down?). But to claim the number as "nearly 100" lacks evidence. Ref 2 is to a solid, well-written piece in the New York Review of Books last February by Gerge Stauffer. He's nice about Gardiner's book, but in the end is very critical about the stretches of the imagination—something that struck me in parts of Gardiner's BBC doco on Bach from a year or two ago. Tellingly, nowhere in the referenced review does the "nearly 100" claim appear; and if it's in Gardiner's book (which I haven't yet read), that should be referenced, with page number.
So I've a mind to remove that clause from the lead. What do people think? Tony (talk) 14:57, 28 July 2014 (UTC)
- I am absolutely not a Bach expert, but that whole sentence strikes me as exceedingly odd. Bach's output was enormous, and to list it as "including" just these items would be odd anyway; the "nearly 100" is not plausible. (I mean that we can never know how many were lost, while "nearly" is a limit in the wrong direction.) I suggest changing it to something like "The best-known of Bach's works include...", and add at least "violin and keyboard concertos"... How about "and many sacred and secular choral works" (where "many" could be "over 200" or whatever). Imaginatorium (talk) 16:28, 28 July 2014 (UTC)
- Here (fwiw) is the relevant bit from the reference: [2]
"The obituary stated that Bach composed five annual cycles, making a total of approximately three hundred cantatas. Only two hundred or so survive." Imaginatorium (talk) 16:39, 28 July 2014 (UTC)
Which churches in Leipzig?[edit]
According to Spitta's 3-volume biography of Bach, as Cantor of the Thomasschule, 1723-1750, he had responsibility for music in the two main churches, the St. Nicholas Church or Nikolaikirche, and the St. Thomas Church. The article up to today had instead of the St. Thomas Church the "Paulinerkirche" which was the University Church. The WP article on the Paulinerkirche says Bach was Music director there but only for 1723-1725. It seems that Bach actually had worse relations overall with the University than predecessor Kuhnau had had. Anyhow for main responsibilities I am about to change Paulinerkirche to St. Thomas Church and put in a reference to Spitta. Marlindale (talk) 20:06, 23 August 2014 (UTC)
- I meant to and did put in Nikolaikirche in place of Paulinerkirche. Interestingly there was already on the page an image of the Nikolaikirche and still is now that I fixed details. So sometime in the past, someone had put in images of the correct two churches, whereas in between, someone had changed the text to put in Paulinerkirche. By the way the story of Bach's relation to other churches seems a bit complicated. Marlindale (talk) 21:41, 23 August 2014 (UTC)
- Under Kuhnau, musicians from the University could perform at the churches sometimes, but this apparently no longer happened with Bach, as the organist of the university was in conflict with him - is this important? Marlindale (talk) 21:54, 23 August 2014 (UTC)
- The Nikolaikirche is mentioned in the following paragraph, adjoining its image, further evidence that the Paulinerkirche was inserted later, I would say by good faith error. Marlindale (talk) 22:07, 23 August 2014 (UTC)
- According to the Malcolm Boyd book 'Bach', Bach's predecessor Kuhnau as Thomascantor was also Music Director for the Paulinerkirche, but Bach only was in charge of "festal" (church holiday?) services there in 1723-25. See Talk of the Paulinerkirche article for more details. Marlindale (talk) 03:04, 24 August 2014 (UTC)
- As Kuhnau was music director for all three churches, it seems natural that he could use musicians normally at one church to play at another. Marlindale (talk) 03:04, 24 August 2014 (UTC)
- You wrote: "The article up to today had instead of the St. Thomas Church the 'Paulinerkirche'"; that's not what I see in the version before your edit which mentions all three churches. After your edits, the Paulinerkirche, Leipzig, is not mentioned at all anymore; that seems unsatisfactory. You should work the sources you quote into the article without dropping the mention of Paulinerkirche. -- Michael Bednarek (talk) 07:21, 24 August 2014 (UTC)
- Yes, that's a point well taken, thank you, I will put in something about the Paulinerkirche. Marlindale (talk) 15:44, 24 August 2014 (UTC)
- You wrote: "The article up to today had instead of the St. Thomas Church the 'Paulinerkirche'"; that's not what I see in the version before your edit which mentions all three churches. After your edits, the Paulinerkirche, Leipzig, is not mentioned at all anymore; that seems unsatisfactory. You should work the sources you quote into the article without dropping the mention of Paulinerkirche. -- Michael Bednarek (talk) 07:21, 24 August 2014 (UTC)
- As Kuhnau was music director for all three churches, it seems natural that he could use musicians normally at one church to play at another. Marlindale (talk) 03:04, 24 August 2014 (UTC)
- According to the Malcolm Boyd book 'Bach', Bach's predecessor Kuhnau as Thomascantor was also Music Director for the Paulinerkirche, but Bach only was in charge of "festal" (church holiday?) services there in 1723-25. See Talk of the Paulinerkirche article for more details. Marlindale (talk) 03:04, 24 August 2014 (UTC)
Spitta index, organs, churches[edit]
I looked in Spitta's index for three churches, Thomaskirche, Nikolaikirche, and the third which WP articles (on Bach and itself) call(ed) Paulinerkirche but (the translators of) Spitta call "University Church." What I found in Spitta is about the organs of each church. In vol. II, pp. 281-291. Starting on p. 281, "The organs of the two principal churches [I believe this means Thomaskirche and Nikolaikirche} which, it is true, Bach in his capacity as Cantor was not required to play upon.... were old and worn out. There were two in the Thomaskirche." The larger had been renovated in 1721, with addition of (p. 282) 400 new pipes and mixture stops, "under the direction of Johann Scheibe," co-supervised by Bach and Görner, organist of the University Church. A lot of details of the organ are given. p. 283. "The smaller of the two organs in the Thomaskirche was the older," which despite repairs as late as 1727 "was of very little use, and in 1740 Scheibe had to take it ... away."
P. 286, "The Nikolaikirche contained an organ dating from ... 1597-1598," last repaired in 1692 before Bach's time, and early in his time, 1725, by Scheibe. "In both the Thomaskirche and Nikolaikirche the organs were tuned to 'chorus' pitch."
P. 287 "In contrast to these old organs, which were of only moderate capacity, and liable to get out of order frequently, there had been in the University church since ... 1716 an organ which fulfilled the highest expectations, and which Bach must have chiefly employed when he played for his own pleasure or before other people." This suggests use of it was not part of his work as Cantor, unless perhaps in 1723-1725? Bach himself had been consulted, as a known leading organist, about this new organ and came from Köthen in 1716 to give his written opinion, which Spitta quotes on pp. 288-290. (Then Spitta goes into generalities about use of the organ in Lutheran services of the time: preludes, postludes) Marlindale (talk) 23:11, 23 August 2014 (UTC)
Deathbed chorale[edit]
This edit removed the sentence: The final work Bach completed was a chorale prelude for organ, entitled Vor deinen Thron tret ich hiermit (Before thy throne I now appear, BWV 668a) which he dictated to his son-in-law, Johann Christoph Altnickol, from his deathbed. When the notes on the three staves of the final cadence are counted and mapped onto the Roman alphabet, the initials "JSB" are found.(Geiringer (1966), p. 256) with the edit summary "See essay "The Deathbed Chorale: Exposing a Myth" in Wolff (1991), p. 282". Prima facie, this seems to be a reliably sourced claim, based on Johann Nikolaus Forkel writings. It should only be removed if the source doesn't support it. If it does, I think it would be more helpful to rephrase and refute the passage, e.g. Based on Johann Nikolaus Forkel's biography of Bach from 1802, it has been a long-held myth that Bach's final work was a chorale prelude ... The notes of the final cadence can supposedly be mapped to form the initials "JSB".(Geiringer (1966), p. 256) This account has since been refuted.("The Deathbed Chorale: Exposing a Myth" in Wolff (1991), p. 282). -- Michael Bednarek (talk) 06:28, 18 September 2014 (UTC)
- For the moment I have removed your version from the main article, because of the following issues:
- *"Based on Johann Nikolaus Forkel's biography of Bach from 1802, it has been a long-held myth that Bach's final work was the chorale prelude for organ Vor deinen Thron tret ich hiermit (Before thy throne I now appear, BWV 668a)..." So far it is correct, except the BWV number (BWV 668, not 668a).
- *"...which he dictated on his deathbed to his son-in-law, Johann Christoph Altnickol." Probably he only dictated alterations to a previously written piece. To whom he dictated it is unclear based on the handwritten score.
- *"The notes of the final cadence can supposedly be mapped to form the initials "JSB".[56] This account has since been refuted.[57]" This sentence does not make clear how numerologists arrive at this conclusion. Best to leave it out, I would say. What is refuted is not this numerological stuff, but that BWV 668 is the last work of Bach.
- My personal conclusion: why waste time to accurately describe something that is not true?
Buxtehude (talk) 14:42, 21 September 2014 (UTC)
- Because it's a long-held and widely spread story; this article should clarify it. Further, the original text was followed by a reference to Geiringer (1966), p. 256. What does that source say? -- Michael Bednarek (talk) 06:27, 22 September 2014 (UTC)
- Well, there are quite a few long-held and widely spread myths about Bach (although I wonder how many readers of this article are familiar with the myths). Rather than dwell on those, I would personally like to see more factual information about Bach's life, music and legacy in the article. There is still a lot that the article does not cover. I do not have access to Geiringer's book, but since it is almost 50 years old, it cannot reflect current insights. Buxtehude (talk) 11:20, 22 September 2014 (UTC)
Semi-protected edit request on 20 September 2014[edit]
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[Add to Bibliography titles] Pirro, André (1907. English translation by Joe Armstrong 2014). The Aesthetic of Johann Sebastian Bach. New York: Rowman and Littlfield. ISBN978-1-4422-3290-7. Bostonflute (talk) 22:03, 20 September 2014 (UTC)
Most Popular Works Barely Mentioned[edit]
Some of his most well-known works, such as Toccata & Fugue, "Air", and "Jesu...Joy" are hardly mentioned or omitted. A music sample of each would be nice. --2605:E000:8645:2B00:B9E3:BE39:C1C1:985 (talk) 04:10, 7 October 2014 (UTC)
- All three works you mention have at least some discussion about Bach's authorship. Toccata and Fugue in D minor, BWV 565, is most likely by Bach, but some like to to dispute it. Air on the G String is an arrangement by August Wilhelmj of Bach's Orchestral Suite No. 3 in D major, BWV 1068; and Bach never wrote "Jesu, Joy of Man's Desiring", a transcription by various people of the last movement of Herz und Mund und Tat und Leben, BWV 147 to a text by Robert Bridges. They are all mentioned in the list of compositions by Johann Sebastian Bach or its sub-articles, and music samples are in their repective articles. -- Michael Bednarek (talk) 06:50, 7 October 2014 (UTC)
Pronunciation in English[edit]
Isn't his name also frequently pronounced as "back" in English? Various puns presuppose such a pronunciation (just search the web for "hunchbach" or "Nickelbach", for example). Even PDQ Bach seems to be based on it ("pretty damn quick back"). --Florian Blaschke (talk) 05:46, 7 November 2014 (UTC)
- Not in my experience, but the most usual English pronunciation, similar to "Bock", can be construed that way in wordplay contexts. The Welsh, of course, have got their own jokes about this "great" composer.—Jerome Kohl (talk) 06:37, 7 November 2014 (UTC)
- I agree with Kohl, as does a cursory search of online dictionaries. I have heard fine musicians say "bahck" or "bock" (or "bark" if pronounced by some residents of England or by Bostonians) but never heard "back" from anybody who is even slightly familiar with so-called classical music. But I think Kohl should explain that Welsh reference. Oh, I get it (by looking online)! Bach in Welsh means "little one"!David Couch (talk) 08:33, 8 November 2014 (UTC)
Semi-protected edit request on 22 November 2014[edit]
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Add some info about WMG, they own Bach's music - warner music group
18.104.22.168 (talk) 16:41, 22 November 2014 (UTC)
- Nobody owns Bach's music, all of it is public domain. Warner Music Group may have copyright on some recordings of Bach's music, but that's hardly notable. There are many recordings of everything Bach wrote. Also, edit requests are meant to be specific, like: change this sentence to "...." or something like that, not general requests for information. If you have specific information about WMG that is notable and relevant to this article, you can post it here and somebody will look at it. You can also create an account and make some edits elsewhere and afterwards you'll be able to edit this yourself. - Lindert (talk) 17:36, 22 November 2014 (UTC)
Criticism section[edit]
Do we really need this here? Seems odd to me. No one ever heard of the critic. 22.214.171.124 (talk) 16:32, 26 November 2014 (UTC)
- The Criticism section was indeed out of place, it broke up the Legacy section with criticism that was levelled during Bach's lifetime. More information on the reception history of Bach's music would be welcome in this article, though. Buxtehude (talk) 16:30, 2 December 2014 (UTC)
Passions, oratorios, Magnificat?[edit]
This is a strange heading in a biography article, listing the works in the supposed order of duration. How about Magnificat, Passions, oratorios? A bit of development, from the relatively early Magnificat 1723, St John Passion 1724, Easter Oratorio 1725, St Matthew Passion 1727, Christmas Oratorio 1734, to the Ascension Oratorio 1735. - Or group differently: Passions and oratorios vs. Church music in Latin? --Gerda Arendt (talk) 07:57, 16 December 2014 (UTC)
- I think the Magnificat would be more comfortable grammatically in that list. I don't much care about the order, since several methods could be used. Much of the Ascension Oratorio was drawn from earlier works; the Magnificat was revised in ?1728—does the chronological really work? Tony (talk) 13:31, 16 December 2014 (UTC)
- It's not grammar as much as the sorting, as you seem to agree: why not place the Magnificat with Church music in Latin, as in the List of compositions. To suggest that Bach wrote first Passions, then Magnificat, seems wrong to me. Magnificat was rather early in Leipzig, Passions later, most Leipzig cantatas later, 1724 Sanctus (the one that made it to the Mass in B minor) later. - As for a 1728 revision of the Magnificat, do you have different sources? Then please add. --Gerda Arendt (talk) 14:48, 16 December 2014 (UTC)
Bach's religious convictions[edit]
Apologies if this has been dealt with before, but the article seems light on Bach's actual relationship with the religious music he created. Sources agree that the Lutheran Church was far more than a generous client, he remained a deeply committed orthodox Lutheran at a time when new ways of worship were starting to prevail.Rumiton (talk) 23:32, 27 December 2014 (UTC)
- It's hard to know what really went on in his mind about religion. In that sociopolitical setting, Lutheranism was just part of the furniture—there was little psychological choice. Certainly Bach injected a great deal of irony into his word-setting in his two passions, on a micro-scale; but I'm not sure that proves anything about his internal belief system. Whether it was the Lutheran church or the state who were the generous employers at Leipzig, Arnstadt, and Mülhausen is ambiguous. The state paid the salaries. If injecting more into the relationship between religion and his music, what would be your priorities, given the rationing of space? Tony (talk) 13:06, 29 December 2014 (UTC)
- Bach was not employed by "the church", but by courts and finally the city of Leipzig, see Thomaskantor. --Gerda Arendt (talk) 21:13, 28 June 2015 (UTC)
Anybody interested in Bach and related biographies and musical groups please help expand and start the missing entries from the Bach Cantatas website at Wikipedia:WikiProject Classical music/Missing articles:Bach Cantatas site.♦ Dr. Blofeld 13:39, 15 April 2015 (UTC)
what the ...?[edit]
It's disappointing to see gender unnecessarily elevated to inform categories. Why is this distinction being made? Tony (talk) 12:20, 11 June 2015 (UTC)
Cause(s) of death[edit]
For a few reasons I think this topic does not belong in the Lead. It seems not relevant to the essence of Bach as a composer. There is a section about the death. The lead has a statement as fact, "modern historians believe" the death was caused by a combination of pneumonia and stroke. In the section, this is called speculation. I think we should not speculate about an event over 250 years ago. Spitta's biography, vol. 3, p. 274, gives some details. Spitta confirms that Bach had "apoplexy", a stroke. He does not mention any lung disease. He confirms a statement attributed to a contemporary newspaper that "Medical treatment associated with the [failed eye] operation had such bad effects that his health, hitherto unfailing, was severely shaken" and he was left totally blind. Medical sources confirm that stroke is often associated with high fever (half of hospitalized stroke cases) and that might have led to the pneumonia speculation? What I propose to do in short is to remove any details of Bach's death (other than the date) from the Lead, and revise the section, referring to Spitta as indicated, Marlindale (talk) 03:49, 25 June 2015 (UTC)
- Agree that cause-of-death info should be removed from the lede as an insignificant biographical detail. —Wahoofive (talk) 17:05, 26 June 2015 (UTC)
"Royal court composer" to King August III of Poland, in Dresden[edit]
As far as I can tell from Spitta and from the article itself, Leipzig period, this position, granted in 1736, was more or less an honorary one, a "title and style," far from a full-time position. Spitta says Bach visited Dresden only four times between 1723 and his death in 1750, but his main position remained in Leipzig. The article says that by getting this honor, Bach hoped to gain leverage with the Leipzig authorities. I think it is too complicated to explain this in the Lead, where as now stated it gives a misleading impression, so I propose to delete it from there, while possibly supplementing the text about it in the Leipzig period with material from Spitta. Marlindale (talk) 19:24, 28 June 2015 (UTC)
- Thank you for pointing that out, - I tried. --Gerda Arendt (talk) 21:09, 28 June 2015 (UTC)
- Inserting "the title of" seems a simple, concise solution, thank you. Marlindale (talk) 00:39, 29 June 2015 (UTC)
Composer sons[edit]
JSB had I believe three: Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach, Johann Christian Bach, and Wilhelm Friedemann Bach.. They might be mentioned in the Lead and/or under Legacy? The statement "Bach is the father, we are the children" was made about CPE Bach by Haydn or Mozart according to different sources I've seen? JC Bach contributed to the origin of the classical "galant" style of Haydn and Mozart I think.. As of now CPE is mentioned as co-author of an obituary of JSB, not highlighted that I saw. Various details need checking, but does the concept seem reasonable? Marlindale (talk) 03:16, 30 June 2015 (UTC)
There was at least one more composer son, Johann Christoph Friedrich Bach, making four. This one and WF Bach might not be mentioned in the Lead? The statement about CPE Bach being the father was made by Mozart to Gottfried van Swieten according to a few sources. One in The Guardian said in the second half of the 18th cent., the name "Bach" in musical circles was almost entirely used about CPE not JSB. Marlindale (talk) 03:42, 30 June 2015 (UTC)
Google for `Bach's sons' gave a header Johann Sebastian Bach > sons and a listing of 11 of them. The four composer sons mentioned above are the first four sons on the list. None of the other sons seems to have composed. . JC Bach was the 11th and youngest son. Marlindale (talk) 04:10, 1 July 2015 (UTC)
- He did, however have a grandson who was a very good composer. —Wahoofive (talk) 18:53, 2 July 2015 (UTC)
Wilhelm Friedrich Ernst Bach is said to be "the only grandson of JSB 'to have gained fame as a composer" Marlindale (talk) 00:17, 3 July 2015 (UTC)
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text:
For years, Brenda Banks was haunted by nightmares hinting at the true identity of her birth mother. That hunger for the truth inspired her to become a reporter, and Brenda refuses to back down when a serial killer targeting Slaughter Creek chooses her to publicize the gruesome crimes. It's a twisted game, one she's certain to lose without the help of FBI Special Agent Nick Blackwood, the man she's loved since high school - and whose tormented past holds the key to catching a killer.
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©2013 Rita Herron (P)2013 Brilliance Audio, all rights reserved.
"Very good story!"
Never have read this author before. This story was quite a thriller. Never saw the ending coming. Highly reckons it.
Sassy dialogue, humor, and a great reader are important to me.
""Too Dark""
I am on a Tanya Eby run of books so this author came up. One reviewer I follow also read it. However, this book did not inspire me to get Jake and Amelia's story #1 & #3 books.
I am not a core mystery listener, so unlike many mystery fans who have strong opinions, I could not put my finger on what this story needed. It had a good outline, and to me, the listen came off just like an outline. It lacked or had too much of certain elements that a good editor should have caught, expounded or eliminated.
Ms Eby has really developed her deeper males voices now, hence the Eby run of books for me. Catch her on her Tatiana Sokolov reads, wonderful!
This was NOT a core romance! It had brutal sex scenes for our villain which was part of the mystery, but the romance was just an outline and only for-filled in the last quarter of the book. Telling a reader how much each character longed for their intended does not equal a romance story.
"Just as good the second time around.:)"
Well written and read.
Just as good as the first.
"These voices"
I Love all the "Slaughter Creek" books... :)
I am from Knoxville,TN so i love all the references in the books.
This was pretty dark but I loved it. I loved Nick and Brenda and it was nice seeing Jake again. Ms. Herron made Arthur Blackwood sooo easy to absolutely hate. He truly was a monster. What he did to Nick and Seven was unbelivable. This was truly a page turner.
I did feel sorry for Seven but she was just crazy.
This had some really brutal sex in it but it also had some romantic sex. Seven had the brutal, Nick and Brenda had the romantic.
So, I'm off to read the next book, Worth Dying For.
As to the narrator: Fabulous! Ms. Eby is just great with her male and female voices. And her villains sounded evil without sounding silly.
I got this book and audio free with my KindleUnlimited.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Corn Pops Toffee
24 Sep 2009
|Real butter
|1 Cup (16 tbs)
|1 Cup (16 tbs)
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Rate It
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Corn Pops Toffee Recipe


text:
Quality labels for training fostering e-skills for competitiveness and innovation Gepubliceerd op: 30/06/2011, Laatste bijwerking: 04/11/2011
- Uiterste datum:
- 16/09/2011.
- Nummer::
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Went to Carnegie Mellon for my bachelors and University of Tennessee for my Masters.


text:
HSBC "lift" by Grey London
Agency: Grey London
Rating: 5.0
By Matt Williams, campaignlive.co.uk, Thursday, 19 August 2010 11:25AM
The agency was awarded the business without a pitch, and will be responsible for creating a new integrated campaign for the brand.
In recent years, KPMG has worked with a number of agencies on a project basis, including Amplify and The Communications Agency.
Amplify's most recent work for the brand was a recruitment campaign that encouraged graduates to consider a career with the company.
KPMG offers auditing, advisory and tax services in around 150 different markets.
The company is known as one of the "big four" auditors, alongside PricewaterhouseCoopers, Deloitte and Ernst & Young, and employs more than 100,000 members of staff.
Last month, Ernst & Young announced that it was launching a search to find a new agency to handle a global advertising brief.
This article was first published on campaignlive.co.uk
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If you see a comment you find offensive, you can flag it as inappropriate. In the top right-hand corner of an individual comment, you will see 'flag as inappropriate'. Clicking this prompts us to review the comment. For further information see our rules for commenting on articles.
Agency: Grey London
Rating: 5.0


text:
The Powell Museum is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization. Our mission is to collect, preserve, and interpret the history of John Wesley Powell, the City of Page, and the Colorado Plateau.
What's Happening at the Powell Museum...
June 2015 Artist of the Month – David Lash
May Brings Spring Flowers and Museum Events!
May Artist of the Month – Neil Rizos
April Artist of the Month – Page High School Advanced Photography Class


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text:
Prepare your landscape to meet hurricane season
Secure yard junk; it can maim, kill when windblown
Prepare your yard now so that when the next hurricane warning comes, you can focus on other last-minute preparations.
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think wind
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text:
Trolltech Releases Qt 4.4 Beta
Trolltech has just announced the first Qt 4.4 Beta on its website and made a download available. Among other features, the new version integrates Qt WebKit and multimedia framework that is based on Phonon.
While WebKit integration is a more interesting to developers who would like to program a simple browser for Windows, KDE developers are eagerly anticipating the Phonon features. Details on all the changes are available from the Qt homepage.
Trolltech plans to publish the first release candidate in late April or early May with a final version to follow in late May. The Release date of Qt 4.4. is mainly of interest to KDE 4.1, which is due for release in late July, as Qt 4.4 has a number of features that KDE 4.1 urgently requires.
Issue 177/2015
Buy this issue as a PDF
NoScript Flaw
Mozilla's script blocker add-on could be putting malware sites on the whitelist.
RIP SSLv3
The Internet community officially banishes the notoriously unsafe Secure Sockets Layer protocol.
Mate 1.1 Arrives
Popular desktop environment continues the Gnome 2 legacy – with new support for the Gnome 3 toolkit.
US Government Requires HTTPS
The Obama White House has issued a memorandum telling all US government agencies they must use HTTPS for all websites and web communication.
Mozilla Signs Firefox Add-Ons
New program will dial up security for the Firefox browser.
Fedora 22 Arrives
Red Hat's community distro embraces the cloud.
Code.org and College Board Team Reach Out for Talented High School Coders
New partnership will bring more and better CS training to US schools
A Peek Inside TeslaCrypt Ransomware
Criminals offer online help over Tor network
Mumblehard Still Spams
Sophisticated malware is still present on Joomla and WordPress sites around the world.
Launchpad Gets Git
Future versions of Ubuntu's code service will support the popular Git version control system used with Linux and other open source projects.


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10 Stylish BBQ Outfits To Copy NOW
Summer has officially reached fever pitch. The 4th of July is less than 48 hours away, and our minds are already set to out-of-office mode. But before you head to wine country or make a break to the nearest pool, you're probably planning what your holiday outfits are going to look like. No doubt you'll be hitting a fair read


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Danity Kane
Albums & Mixtapes
Artist: Danity Kane
Album: Welcome to the Dollhouse
Once upon a time there lived a very rich man. His name was Diddy, and he was so powerful that no one dared tell him his name was ridiculous. But despite the Armani suits and private jets, there was still something missing... More
Posted 7 years ago


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- For electronic resources, click the Online Access link which takes you to an external full-text source.
- For print books, video, audio, maps, documents, etc., a location code, call number or other link will be displayed.
- If the item is only available at Golden Library, you will see the call number, the status (Check Shelves means it is on the shelf) and the location within the library.
- If the item is also available through other NM academic libraries, click the Show More link and scroll down until you see the call number, status and location for ENMPO (ENMPO = ENMU). If the item does not display ENMPO information, you must request it via ILL.
Using the Internet for Academic Research
An Internet resource is one obtained by using an Internet search engine like Google. It does not refer to a journal article obtained from an online periodical database such as those to which the library subscribes. In some classes, you will be allowed to use Internet resources for your research--choose wisely! For academic purposes, much material found on the Internet is useless. Many sites are designed to entertain (blogs, social network sites) or to persuade/promote/sell you a product or a point of view (.com and some .org and .net sites).
There are Internet sites suitable for academic research:
- statistics and documents published by the government, e.g., www.nih.gov (.gov is always OK)
- corporation or organization web site, e.g., www.gm.com, www.apa.org (can be OK depending on your purpose and the nature of the organization)
- image or illustration, e.g., www.moma.org (OK if a legitimate museum or other image site)
- open source scholarly directories, e.g., www.doaj.org/ or http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed (OK if .org/.gov/.edu and clearly legitimate)
- Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/) can be helpful, but has limited full text
- Google Books (http://books.google.com) will allow you to view selected pages, but not entire books. This can be helpful if you need only a small bit of information from the work. There are many other sources of full-text books online in their entirety, e.g., Free eBooks.


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Gay Marriage Ring Symbol
This great custom product in white from our department Accessories and Mug category can be printed just for you in the size and style you like. The design Gay Marriage Ring Symbol was created by Tattoooo and uploaded to Spreadshirt for you to have printed on a Mug. Next to a host of other great customized designs, you can find this Gay Marriage Ring Symbol design in Spreadshirt's Gay & Lesbian category. If you are interested in topics like Equality or Gay Marriage Ring Symbol, then you'll love Gay Marriage Ring Symbol designs by Tattoooo. Spreadshirt also offers a huge selection of custom t-shirts, hoodies and accessories for the category Gay & Lesbian as well as top bisexual clothing. Tattoooo's designs have already impressed many of our customers, so we are sure that we've got right stuff for you! Spreadshirt is your destination for great designs of all kinds – whether it's Equality, Gay Marriage Ring Symbol or bisexual. We are sure that you will find something nice in our shop, there are many amazing custom Gay & Lesbian t-shirts, hoodies, or accessories for you to find! Tags: Design ID: 12518869
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Soup-Baked Fish Fillets au Gratin
29 Dec 2008
If you are looking for an extraordinary seafood dish to cook then this Soup-Baked Fish Fillets au Gratin is the right pick for you. Check out this relatively simple recipe for Soup-Baked Fish Fillets au Gratin and enjoy it with any meal of the day!
|Breaded fish fillets
|14 Ounce
|Melted butter
|2 Tablespoon
|Black pepper
|To Taste
|Condensed tomato soup
|10 1⁄2 Ounce
|Chopped parsley
|2 Tablespoon
|Shredded cheddar cheese
|1⁄2 Cup (8 tbs)
|Cucumber slice
Arrange fillets in shallow baking dish; spread portions with melted butter.
Sprinkle lightly with pepper.
Bake in very hot oven (500°F) until fish flakes easily with a fork, about 25 minutes.
Spoon soup, combined with parsley, over fillets; sprinkle with cheese.
Return to oven 5 to 10 minutes or until cheese melts.
Garnish with cucumber slices.
Recipe Summary
Difficulty Level:Easy
Course:Side Dish
Rate It
0 Comments
Soup-Baked Fish Fillets Au Gratin Recipe


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Chuck Taylor Stars and Bars
- Low Top
- Canvas
The Converse Chuck Taylor Stars and Bars puts an American flag-inspired canvas upper onto our iconic oxford. The vulcanized rubber sole, All Star heel patch and cultural authenticity remain in tact. This is one of our most popular alternative Chucks.
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text: Could Khloe Kardashian be the new host of X Factor? Khloe Kardashian Thu-12-Jul-12 17:24 Share this Tell Us What You Think WTF 0 LOL 0 FAIL 0 OMG 0 HOT 0 CUTE 0 ] While earlier this week there were murmurs that Khloe Kardashian is in strong talks to host the newest edition of X Factor in the U.S., a FOX insider has told PerezHilton.com EXCLUSIVELY that Khloe has nothing in the can yet. In fact, there is another gal WAY further ahead in the running and we think, if all goes well, she'll end up being the network's choice!Sources are reporting to us that Kelly Osbourne is FOX's top pick to host the show, explaining that her years of experience on television AND in music give her the edge against the Kardashian sis.Our insider reveals: "Everyone loved Khloe, but honestly, she doesn't have enough hosting experience. Kelly, on the other hand, is pretty well-versed. Production is definitely leaning towards Kelly." WENN.com You May Also Like Did Marty and Steph make it through on The X Factor NZ? Which Kardashian is pregnant? Reece Mastin at The Edge with Jay-Jay, Mike & Dom Become a fan of The Edge on Facebook and on Twitter .


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Desperate Measures (1998)
Director: Barbet Schroeder Starring: Andy Garcia Michael Keaton
Learn more about Desperate Measures:
Format: DVD
Manufacturer: Sony
Sku: 40094332
Category Keywords: Action Cops Escape Illness Killer On-The-Run Parenthood Psychos Rivalry Suspense Theatrical Release Thriller
See more in Action/Adventure
|Two powerful stars go head-to-head in this intriguing thriller about a cop who must protect a murderer in order to save his dying son. Scorching suspense and keaton's high-octane performance make for a killer combination.
Editor's NoteWidowed police officer Frank Conner (Andy Garcia) has a cancer-stricken nine-year-old son, Matthew (Joseph Cross), whose only hope for survival is a bone-marrow transplant, but the only matching donor is Pete McCabe (Michael Keaton), a vicious, psychotic killer being held in a maximum-security prison. McCabe at first denies Conner's request for help but then agrees, devising an elaborate plan to use the medical procedure as an opportunity to escape. McCabe breaks loose before the transfusion can occur, and Conner is forced to become both his tracker and his ally, wanting to bring the serial killer back into custody but determined--for the sake of his son--to keep McCabe alive. Keaton is chilling as the vicious, brilliant convict, while Garcia turns in a heartfelt performance as a devoted father caught in the middle of a bad situation getting worse. With DESPERATE MEASURES, director Barbet Schroeder (REVERSAL OF FORTUNE), renowned for his knack of combining urgent family drama with white-knuckle suspense, adds another crowd-pleasing, thought-provoking film to his list of successes.
Cast & Crew
|Janel Maloney
|Donna M. Duffy
|Josh Kemble
|Keith Diamond
|Christine Ashe
|Jack Gill
|Marcia Gay Harden
|Dennis Cockrum
|Tim Kelleher
|Richard Riehle
|John Meier
|Tracey Walter
|Troy Robinson
|Scott Colomby
|Neal Matarazzo
|Joe Drago
|Donna Keegan
|Brian Cox
|Randy Thompson
|Cliff Fleming
|Michael Shamus Wiles
|Norm Howell
|Joseph Cross
|Steve Park
|David Flick
|Erik King
|Eric Tignini
|Dirk Vahle
|Andy Garcia
|Steven Schub
|Billy Kane
|Danny Rogers
|Charles Noland
|Howard Meehan
|Michael Keaton
|Efrain Figueroa
|Darren Pearce
|Craig Hosking
|Scott Waugh
|John Rottger
|Peter Weireter
|Robert Baier
|David Klass - Screenwriter
|Barbet Schroeder - Producer
|Geoffrey Kirkland - Production Designer
|Luciano Tovoli - Director of Photography
|Susan Hoffman - Producer
|Gary Jones - Costume Designer
|Boss Film Studios - Special Effects
|Lee Rich - Producer
|Trevor Jones - Composer
|Gary Foster - Producer
|Lee Percy - Editor
|Barbet Schroeder - Director
Plot SummaryA San Francisco cop has a problem: His son is gravely ill and the only matching bone marrow donor is a convicted psychotic serial killer. When the murderer escapes, the officer has a choice of joining the lynch mob to hunt him down or trying to protect him in the hope of keeping his son alive.


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Customer Reviews for Sidelights New Additions Vertical Blind Alternatives
"Fabulous look"
By SuzyQ from Oregon coast
These blinds are wonderful. Easy to operate and look great. Cost was much less than other places I shopped. A little difficult to install (instructions could be improved, we called twice for help). Other than that, we are very pleased.View this product
"Love Them!"
By Baloney5 from Seattle, WA
Purchased two blinds for a rental home that was going on the market. The house sold the first week and we're very pleased.We previous purchased blinds for our home and absolutely love them. They totally changed the appearance.View this product


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iTunes changes seen as 'only new news' at Macworld
updated 09:55 am EST, Wed January 7, 2009
Analysts on MW09
Only one real story came out of yesterday's keynote speech by Phil Schiller, write analysts with Needham & Co. Despite the announcement of new versions of iLife and iWork, as well as a 17-inch unibody MacBook Pro, the most important revelation is said to be the switch to DRM-free music and variable pricing at iTunes. Even this may have minimal impact, Needham suggests.
The firm notes, for instance, that while the major record labels attempted to pressure Apple into multi-tiered song pricing by dropping DRM restrictions at other online stores, this did little to improve their marketshare compared to iTunes, which has remained the most popular digital music source. Even Amazon has accumulated its significant share at the expense of stores other than iTunes.
The new pricing scheme could also backfire, at least for the labels, says Needham. Attaching higher prices to the most popular songs may drive more people to filesharing programs, thereby depriving both Apple and labels of revenue; dropping back-catalog songs to 69 cents may compensate somewhat, but Apple will have to pay labels less. As a consequence, the labels may have to sell as much as 40 percent more just to reach the break-even point.
Outside of iTunes, Needham does praise changes to iPhoto, which should increase the attachment of Facebook users through integration and face recognition support. A similar sentiment is expressed by Kaufman Bros. analyst Shaw Wu, who argues that iPhoto and the rest of the iLife suite should increase the "appeal and stickiness" of Macs.
Wu expresses disappointment with the rest of the keynote, calling it one of the "weakest" product introductions during the last 10 Macworlds. He remarks, however, that sources indicate new Macs are still forthcoming in the near future. Apple is either planning a separate event to reveal them, he suggests, or else the company is having trouble producing quality products at such a high rate. It may also want to bring out new Apple TVs and iPod shuffles to revive sales, according to Wu.


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NBC's WHITNEY Premiere Earns Best 18-49 Rating in Time Slot
From 8-8:30 p.m. ET, the second season debut of WHITNEY (1.4/4 in 18-49, 4.2 million viewers overall) earned NBC's best 18-49 rating in the time period with comedy programming since premiere week (September 26) and biggest total-viewers results with comedy since October 3. In a highly competitive time period versus CBS's "Survivor," Fox's "X Factor," ABC's "The Middle" and CW's "Arrow," "Whitney" is up 17 percent in 18-49 rating (to a 1.4 from a 1.2) versus NBC's averages in the time period so far this season with comedy.
* From 8:30-9 p.m. ET, "Guys With Kids" (1.3/4 in 18-49, 3.8 million viewers overall) retained 92 percent of its 18-49 lead-in from "Whitney" and built on that lead-in by 11 percent in adults 18-34 (to a 1.0 rating from a 0.9).
* At 9 p.m. ET, "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit" (1.6/4 in adults 18-49, 5.7 million viewers overall) built on its lead-in by 23 percent in 18-49 rating and by 50 percent in total viewers. From its first half-hour to its second, "SVU" grew in every key ratings category, including gains of 20 percent in 18-49 rating (to a 1.8 from a 1.5) and 21 percent in total viewers (6.3 million vs. 5.2 million). "SVU" topped NBC's time-period average last season by 60 percent in 18-49 rating (with a 1.6 vs. a 1.0) and by 18 percent in total viewers (5.733 million vs. 4.868 million) in a highly competitive time period versus ABC's "Modern Family" and "Suburgatory," CBS's "Criminal Minds" and Fox's "X Factor."
* Keep in mind that last season, "Law & Order: SVU" originals added an average of 47 percent to these next-day "live plus same day" ratings in 18-49 when Nielsen reported "live plus seven day" results.
* At 10 p.m. ET, "Chicago Fire" (1.6/4 in adults 18-49, 5.7 million viewers overall) retained 100 percent of its 18-49 lead-in from "SVU" and built on its lead-in in all key adult-male demos. "Chicago Fire" matched the rating for its most recent telecast with regular programming as its lead-in (1.6 on October 31, note that last week's lead-in was a special Wednesday edition of "The Voice").
In Late-Night Metered Markets Wednesday night (the New York market is excluded from these averages):
* In Nielsen's 56 metered markets, household results were: "The Tonight Show with Jay Leno," 2.7/7; CBS's "Late Show with David Letterman," 2.6/7; and ABC's combo of "Nightline," 2.9/7; and "Jimmy Kimmel Live," 1.6/5.
* In the 25 markets with Local People Meters, adult 18-49 results were: "The Tonight Show with Jay Leno," 0.9/4; "Late Show," 0.6/3; "Nightline," 0.8/4; and "Jimmy Kimmel Live," 0.5/3.
* At 12:35 a.m., "Late Night with Jimmy Fallon" (1.4/5 in metered-market households) beat CBS's "Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson" (1.3/4). In the 25 markets with Local People Meters, "Late Night" (0.6/4 in 18-49) topped "Late Late Show" (0.3/2).
* At 1:35 a.m., "Last Call with Carson Daly" averaged a 0.8/4 in metered-market households and a 0.4/3 in adults 18-49 in the 25 markets with local people meters.
NOTE: All ratings are "live plus same day" from Nielsen Media Research unless otherwise indicated.
About Author
- CNBC to Air THE MAKING OF DIG, the USA Network Event Series, 3/1
- NBC to Air One-Hour Season Finale of CHRISTINA MILIAN TURNED UP, 3/1
- NBC Universo to Present ROMEO SANTOS DESDE VINA Concert Exclusive, 3/1
- Kelly Clarkson to Visit CBS SUNDAY MORNING, 3/1
- VIDEO: Clark Gregg Teases New AGENTS OF S.H.I.E.L.D. Season Using Emojis
- Dakota Johnson to Host SNL Tonight; Alabama Shakes to Perform
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- Discovery Family to Premiere New Episodes of TRANSFORMERS RESCUE BOTS, Today
- Telemundo to Present FUTBOL ESTELAR: LEON VS SANTOS, Today
- Telemundo to Give Viewers Sneak Peek at Upcoming Programming on LO NUEVO, Today


text:
were attributable to fuel explosions in voids or so-called dry bays. As a result, the military services joined in an effort to improve the survivability of jet aircraft and helicopters. This led to development and experimentation with a variety of approaches that addressed fire extinguishing in several areas, including engine nacelles/bays, dry bays, fuel tanks, occupied spaces, and ground and ship flight decks. Technologies considered were (1) solid foams, powders, and inert gas generators for dry bays; (2) solid foams and inert gases for fuel tank ullage areas; (3) halon 1301 for engine nacelles and bays; (4) portable halon bottles, principally 1301, for occupied areas; and (5) AFFF and halon 1211 for crash fire fighting and small fires incident to engine start.
The adoption of halons 1301 and 1211 was the culmination of fleeting military involvement with halons over the years. In the 1920s non-fluorinated halon agents were tried experimentally in engine nacelle extinguishers, but their use was abandoned by the U.S. military in favor of the non-corrosive CO2. Despite their relatively high inhalation toxicity, systems using halon 104, 1001, and 1011 were developed during World War II and employed by the British and Germans in military aircraft. The use of these agents expanded into the civil sector after the war. In the United States, however, it was only after development of fluorinated halons (1301, 1211) that CO2 was replaced in Air Force and Navy aircraft by these new highly effective, less toxic, and non-corrosive agents. And since they had already gained some acceptance in U.S. civil aviation as well as in various civil ground applications, the military quickly adopted them to meet the variety of needs cited above.
Fire at sea has always posed a special danger. In warships, the fire hazard is exacerbated by the threat of explosive weapon warheads and propellants. Throughout its history the Navy has dealt with fire protection challenges by exacting the most from existing fire fighting systems through organization and training as well as by exploiting new technologies. The exploitation of dry chemical powders and aqueous film-forming foam as well as the introduction of specialized naval fire fighting systems are examples of the constant improvement sought by the Navy in the safety and survivability of its vessels, aircraft, and crews. Employing halons for machinery space and aviation fire extinguishing applications is an example of adopting new technology to improve fire protection.
The principal fire threats in machinery spaces are the combustible liquid pool and pressurized spray fire. The most hazardous type of incident, and one that absolutely requires a gas-phase fire suppressant, is the three-dimensional spray or cascading fire. These fires arise from fuel or lubricant pipe or fitting leaks, human error, or mechanical damage. Leaks can vary in scale from less than 1 to greater than 50 gallons per minute. Pressurized spray fires generally occur in fuel, lubricating oil, or hydraulic fluid system piping. Pressures range from 10 to 1000 psi. Non-pressurized cascading fuel fires often involve sounding tubes, gravity storage tanks, and fuel piping that transit the space servicing other areas such as aviation fuel systems. In general, a spray or cascading fuel fire will also produce a pool fire.
A release of fuel or lubricating oil can be quickly ignited by hot surfaces (steam pipes or boiler fronts), electrical arcing or shorts, welding operations, and mechanical sources (friction, sparking, and so on, related to equipment failure). The intensity of these fires can easily approach 50-MW power equivalent. The fire growth time scale is on the order of several seconds, so that very large fires, high temperatures, and fatal concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO) can occur in 30 seconds or less. Since there is insufficient oxygen to maintain a large fire, the power level will decrease with time, and higher CO production will occur.
The size and growth rate of these three-dimensional fires preclude safe reliance on manual firefighting in closed spaces. Clearly, manual fire fighting against a large machinery space fire is not the approach of choice because of the rapidity with which the space becomes untenable due to heat, smoke,


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Early Join
Δεν έχω νεύρα, έχω δίκιο.
Porque tu lo vales
It's all abοut music
Post meridiem madness
Don't Shop… ADOPT!
You are what you listen
Every sound is music
Joined Lullabies
Late Night
Don't Shop... ADOPT!
The more you dare with music, the more you find yourself
Music is my blanket
Joined Lullabies
Τhe revolution will not be televised, the revolution will be live!
Magic Switch
Για την Κατερίνα η βόλτα είναι βολταράκι
Thank God It's Friday
Απογευματιάτικο [το]
Night Call
Το λες;
I like beautiful melodies telling me terrible things
Don't turn it off
Hangover I
Music is a language - can't you read?
Music is the answer
Live. Listen. Learn. Laugh. Love
Music always matters
Pure Electronic Music without annoying your ears!
Tudo Bem
Music is not a contest
You'll Never Know if You'll Never Try
Every sound is music
Hangover II
Οnce an idealist, always an idealist Μαυροειδή
Mrs Dalloway is always giving parties to cover the silence"
Funk your souls!
Because I love you
Melodica Show
Everything happens for a reason


text:
©2015 General Mills, Inc. All Rights Reserved. This information will only be used to send an email to your friend(s) and l not be saved. Please read our Privacy Policy
Want to eat healthier? Make meatballs with high-fiber cereal, and serve them over delicious whole wheat pasta.
Enter Zip to change location:
Beef is a good source of vitamin B-12. Our bodies need B-12 for energy and to maintain a healthy nervous system.
© 2015 ®/TM General Mills All Rights Reserved


text:
There is just something about this sweater. It's one of several I want to make for my SSKAL starting July 31. I could just finish one I've started already, but what would be the fun in that? 84 more words
Tags » Sskål
I Think I May Need An Intervention
I just joined my third Knit Along. That's right – now I'm doing three of them – all at the same time. I don't know when Ravelry started up, but I must say in the three years I've been paying attention, I've never had more fun anywhere else. 280 more words


text:
Follow us:Follow Us on Twitter Like Us on Facebook Follow Us on Google+ Watch videos on our Youtube channel
A successful organ transplant depends on appropriate evaluation of the organ recipient, expertise in the surgical procedures required to transplant the organ and on-going monitoring after transplant to prevent organ rejection or infections.
At Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, we report our liver transplant data to the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS), a regulatory organization for organ transplants. Information for hospitals in the United States performing transplants is shared with the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients, which compares and publishes information about patient characteristics, waiting lists, and outcomes by hospital.
The table below shows volume and one month, one year and three year survival for liver transplants performed at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center. Three year survival is presented as a point of reference, but it is important to note that the longer the time since the transplant, the more likely it is that other factors beyond the surgery itself can have an impact on the patient's health status. These statistics reflect adult patients age 18 and older who had their first liver transplant. Patients who were having other organs transplanted at the same time (multiple organ transplantation) are not included.
|Liver Transplant* (Adults Age 18+)
|Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
|Patient Survival for:
|1 Month
|1 Year
|3 Years
|For transplants performed during the period
|Jul 2011 - Dec 2013
|Jul 2011 -
Dec 2013
|Jan 2009 -
Jun 2011
|Number of transplants performed
|Number of observed deaths
|Observed survival rate
|Expected survival rate for patients of similar ages,blood type and health condition


text:
The mission of the Cashier's Office is to assist students and their families in understanding their financial responsibility to the University regarding their student account. The office provides additional services to facilitate individual attention to students, faculty and staff, with a dedication to customer service.
In order to comply with federal regulations, Texas Wesleyan has a student consent form (Information Release Form) that enables the University to release student account information to specific individuals. Students must have their student ID number (printed on the University issued pictured ID) to access student account information. Please contact the Cashier's Office with any questions.
Beginning Summer 2014, the cashier's office will no longer award advances for third-party billing. Third parties will be billed after 12th class day.
Summer payment due date is May 5, 2015
Fall payment due date is August 5, 2015
Payment includes:
2015 Summer Extended: April 27 to May 25
2015 Summer 1: May 18 to June 8
2015 Summer 2: June 29 to July 13
Fall 2015: August 5 to September 2
Spring 2016: December 21 to January 27
Refund Dates (subject to change)
15 Summer extended: May 29
15 Summer 1: June 4
15 Summer 2: July 9
15 Fall: September 9
16 Spring: January 30
General Payment Information
How do I Pay in Full?
Payment Policy
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Change of Schedule - Add/Drop
*Classes dropped on the same day as class starts will be subject to penalty.*
Non-payment does not guarantee automatic withdrawal. You will need to withdraw at the Registrar office.
*Withdrawals processed on the same day as class starts will be subject to penalty.
The Texas Wesleyan Cashier's Office has gone paperless as of August 2006. Students may access their account balance through RamLink, Student Account Statement. Payment reminders and other important account information will be sent to students through RamMail.
*Payment in full means all registration charges, dorm and meal charges and other miscellaneous charges are paid.
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Cashier's Office
Phone: 817-531-4456
Fax: 817-531-6570
Email: email@example.com
Hours: Mon-Fri, 8:30am-4:30pm


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Results 1 to 3 of 3
Thread: Sketches and Whatnot (big DL)
May 29th, 2004 #1Registered User
- Join Date
- May 2004
- Location
- Savannah
- Posts
- 10
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Sketches and Whatnot (big DL)
Hey all, first post here: it's humbling to put work up with all the legends floating around, but I've been hoarding for too long. I'm from the Cleveland area and an Illustration student at the Savannah college of art and design. All work is w/o reference except the first two (el coro inspired is from life, self portrait is from life). These are all quick sketches- some brought to more completion than others. Trying to get the most info in the shortest time. Economy and all that. Comments/critiques/insults welcome.
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Hide this ad by registering as a memberMay 30th, 2004 #2Registered User
- Join Date
- May 2004
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- Florida
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Great work. You really have an understanding of the human figure. I'm no where close to that level of vision.
Hot Sex- *Orgasms* Oh God YES!
May 30th, 2004 #3Registered User
- Join Date
- Jan 2004
- Location
- anatolia...
- Posts
- 143
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- 0
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insults? no, i don't think so you have great style and artistic ability it seems:chug: keep up, post more...
"all that is gold does not glitter, not all those wander are lost..."