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A hydrocyclone for separating a combined phase input stream has two nesting truncated, downwardly tapering conical members having an annular space therebetween. A tangential inlet leads to the annular space between the conical members. Alternate embodiments applicable to a hydrocyclone device composed of nesting cylindrical or conical shells forming an annular cyclonic space have passages located on either of the shells to effect an intermediate draw off of a fraction of the flow stream. In addition, a coiled, hollow tube is advantageously situated within the annular space to optimize the flow pattern. Ports may be provided in the hollow tube for removing a gas fraction in counterflow orientation.
1. A hydrocyclone for effecting separation of a combined phase input stream, comprising an inner shell residing concentrically within an outer shell, the two shells forming an annular space therebetween of constant width, a tangentially oriented inlet means leading into the annular space, and an outlet means communicating with the annular space, wherein the inlet means is circular in cross-section, and wherein a transition means is provided connectingly between the inlet means and an entry point into the annular space wherein the cross-section of a path of flow of the input stream is changed from circular to essentially rectangular, wherein the length of the rectangular cross-section parallel to the axis of the two shells is greater than its width, wherein the inner shell and the outer shell are each formed as truncated cones tapering in the direction away from the inlet, the truncated cone of the inner shell being terminated at the same level as the truncated cone of the outer shell.
2. The hydrocyclone of claim 1, wherein the inner shell and the outer shell are cylindrical in the region of the transition zone, and are shaped in a region below the transition zone as truncated cones tapering in a direction away from the inlet.
3. A hydrocyclone for effecting separation of a combined phase input stream, comprising an inner shell residing concentrically within an outer shell, the two shells forming an annular space therebetween of constant width, a tangentially oriented inlet means leading into the annular space, an outlet means communicating with the annular space, a helical means situated within the annular space, bridging the inner shell and the outer shell, and defining a discrete helical path between successive turns of the helical means within the annular space, the helical path being defined laterally by the outer wall of the inner shell and the inner wall of the outer shell, and longitudinally above by a bottom surface of a first portion of the helical means and below by an upper surface of a succeeding spiral portion of the helical means, wherein the helical means is formed by a coiled length of a structure having a circular cross-section.
4. The hydrocyclone of claim 3, wherein the helical means is a hollow tube, an outside wall of the tube acting to define the helical path as the shorter sides of an essentially rectangular cross-section.
5. The hydrocyclone of claim 4, wherein the hollow tube has tube passage means communicating the space within the helical path defined by the outside of the tube to the hollow inside of the tube for permitting passage of gases therethrough, whereby said helical tube acts to carry said gases upwardly in counter flow with respect to the downwardly spiraling inlet flow within the helical path.
6. The hydrocyclone of claim 5, wherein said tube passage means comprises a plurality of ports located along a bottom half of said tube acting as the upper side of the essentially rectangular cross-section of the helical path.
7. The hydrocyclone of claim 6, wherein the ports are located towards the outer wall of the inner shell.
8. The hydrocyclone of claim 7, wherein the ports are located at an angle of approximately 45� to a horizontal diameter of the tubes.
9. The hydrocyclone of claim 3, wherein the inner shell and the outer shell are each formed as downwardly tapered truncated cones.
10. The hydrocyclone of claim 3, wherein the helical path is essentially rectangular in cross-section, having a length of the cross-section in an axial direction of the shells being greater than a width, wherein the ratio of the length of the rectangular cross-section to the width is at least 2:1.
11. The hydrocyclone of claim 3, wherein the tangentially oriented inlet means leads into a transition zone of the annular space, and an outlet means communicating with the annular space, wherein the inner shell and the outer shell are cylindrical in the region of the transition zone, and are shaped in a region below the transition zone as truncated cones tapering in a direction away from the inlet.
12. A separator apparatus for separating a combined phase input stream composed of at least a gas and a liquid, comprising a hydrocyclone coupled to a secondary separator, the hydrocyclone comprising an inner shell residing concentrically within an outer shell, the two shells forming an annular space therebetween of constant width, an inlet leading into the hydrocyclone, an outlet leading out of the hydrocyclone, an uptake port for removing a light fraction separated from the input stream within the hydrocyclone from a collection area located radially inward from the shell and leading upwardly from a point above a liquid operating level of the hydrocyclone into said secondary separator, a return port leading from said secondary separator downward into the hydrocyclone and having an outlet point below said operating level.
13. The separator apparatus of claim 12, wherein the uptake port is formed as an annular space between an outer column and an inner column comprising the return port.
14. The separator apparatus of claim 12, wherein the secondary separator comprises an outer annular chamber being closed at the top thereof, the outer annular chamber communicating with an inner conical annular chamber of constant radial width, coaxial with the outer annular chamber, by way of passage means located on a conical shell defining an inner wall of the outer annular chamber and an outer wall of the inner annular chamber, the inner annular chamber communicating at a truncated bottom thereof with the liquid return outlet, the inner annular chamber communicating with an upwardly tapering conical chamber residing coaxially within the inner annular chamber, and truncated at an open bottom thereof to provide communication with the inner annular chamber to allow passage of separated gas and/or light liquid fraction into the conical chamber and out through an outlet leading out from the top of the conical chamber.
15. The separator of claim 14, wherein the passage means are formed as horizontally oriented vanes which direct the flow tangentially into the inner annular chamber.
This application is a national stage application of PCT/US96/16784, filed Oct. 18, 1996 in accordance with 35 U.S.C. 371, the PCT application claiming priority under 35 U.S.C. 119(e) to U.S. provisional application No. 60/005,538, filed on Oct. 18, 1995, and now expired.
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a hydrocyclone apparatus for separating a mixed phase input stream into its constituent parts, such as performing a solid/liquid/gas separation or separation of two immiscible liquids. Separation is effected by differentiation of the phases based on their specific gravity, as a result of centifugal force imparted to the stream by virtue of the cyclonic action.
The claimed system comprises a hydrocyclone specially designed to process this three phase system, characterized by a unique structure comprising a helical cyclonic path situated in a discrete annular conical space between two nesting conical chambers.
2. Description of the Prior Art
In general, a hydrocyclone consists of an inverted conical chamber. A mixed stream, e.g. consisting of liquid/solid or high density liquid/low density liquid, is input into the chamber tangentially, at very high velocity, towards the top of the chamber, i.e. the base of the cone. The high angular accelaration of the stream imparts a centrifugal force which acts upon the different densities of the stream components. The heavier component is thrust against the cone wall, spiraling downward in a helical manner for collection at an outlet port below, while the lighter fraction tends radially inwardly, and upwardly by virtue of the pressure drop created by the cylcone.
Attempts have been made to increase the separation effectiveness by providing a further chamber outside of the principal chamber. Thus, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,300,222 and 5,407,584, related patents both issued to Broussard, teach an apparatus for separating oil, water, sand and vapor. A cyclone is situated within a large separation tank. The cyclone comprises an outer cylindrical shell and inner coaxial cylindrical shell, and an annular space therebetween. The mixture enters through a circular inlet pipe in a tangential orientation into the annular space. The heavier water and sand are forced to the outside of the space, against the inner wall of outer shell, as the mixture spirals down the annular space. The inner shell ends at a point where the outer shell forms a conically shaped shell. The conical shell portion is hollow, and does not have an annular or conical space defined.
Others have attempted to impart a porosity to the wall of the principal conical chamber, in conjunction with a further chamber situated outside the principal chamber. U.S. Pat. No. 4,048,067 to Cheng teaches a hydrocyclone having a conical annular space. The inner conical wall is perforated and has a porous lining, which is impervious to solids. A solid/liquid mixture enters the inner conical chamber, and the solids are retained in the porous lining while the heavier liquid passes through into the conical annular space, and through an outlet. The retained solids are washed away through a further outlet at the bottom of the inner conical chamber. Lighter liquids are taken up through an outlet in a usual manner and recycled through the system. However, the conical annular space is merely a collecting area for liquids passing through the porous wall. This apparatus relies on the centrifugal force created to enhance the separation of the solids by way of a filtering means. However, this is in some regard working against the cyclonic effect by relying on the lighter liquids to pass out to the outer chamber, while trapping the heavier solids inside the main conical chamber. Furthermore, the filtering means will quickly become clogged with entrained solids, reducing effectiveness, and requiring periodic cleaning.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,097,375 to Molitor teaches a hydrocyclone for separating dissolved salt from a water stream. The lighter liquids tend toward the center of the central cone, and flow out through the top through an upper outlet, with the heavier liquids tending toward the wall of the cone, and eventually flowing out the bottom through a bottom outlet. The liquid containing salt is heaviest, and is circulated by centrifugal force against a wall portion, comprising a porous medium which separates out the salt fraction. The clean water then flows into the annular frustoconical chamber adjacent the wall portion. The action and structure of this device is similar to the Cheng device discussed above, in that in both cases, the porous shells act as filters, retaining the heavier solids within the inner cyclone space, while allowing the clean liquid to pass through to the outer receiving chamber. The same drawbacks apply here.
Accordingly, the present invention comprises a hydrocyclone for effecting separation of a combined phase input stream, composed of two nesting truncated downwardly tapering conical chambers having a conical annular space therebetween. A tangentially oriented inlet means leads into the annular space between the nesting cones. The width of the conical, annular space is maintained so as to minimize the thickness of the velocity profile of the flow, thereby minimizing unwanted secondary vortices within the flow which may cause remixing, and resulting in a more complete separation. The two nesting shells may reside at least partially within an outer shell.
In addition, further embodiments of the invention reside in connection with a cyclone portion comprising two nesting, coaxial shells having a annular space therebetween, which shells may either be cylindrical or downwardly tapering cones.
Either or both of the two nesting shells may be characterized by perforations or ports throughout. In the case of the inner shell, these ports would communicate with the interior space inside of the shell, and would allow the lighter fraction, e.g. gas and entrained liquid, to pass inwardly for uptake through a centrally located outlet. For the outer shell, the ports would communicate the annular space between the shells with the annular collecting area formed within the outer chamber. The heavier fraction, e.g. including solids and liquid, which is thrust against the outer wall by virtue of its greater density, could then be at least partially withdrawn from the helical path. The medium weight fraction, e.g. liquid, remains within the helical annular path and exits at the bottom thereof.
In a further embodiment, the cyclonic helical downward movement of the input stream is reinforced, controlled and optimized by a structural helical boundary within the annular space which forms a discrete helical path having a generally rectangular cross-section, with an exaggerated length to width ratio in the vertical direction. (While the hydrocyclone embodiments described in this application are oriented in the preferred vertical direction, horizontal orientation is also possible, and therefore "vertical" should be understood as parallel with the axis of the hydrocyclone.) In a more preferred embodiment, the structural helical boundary is formed by a helical tube winding downwardly through the annular space, with the outer faces of the tube acting to form the discrete boundary of the helical path. Advantageously, the tube may have ports situated throughout its lower side to allow for the inlet of gases into the hollow tube. The gases may then travel upwardly through the tube, in a counterflow orientation to the input stream, for further processing upon reaching an outlet at the top of the apparatus.
In a still further embodiment of the invention, a vertically oriented rectangular profile is imparted to the input stream before it enters the annular cyclonic space, by virtue of a transition zone interposed between the flow inlet pipe and the entry point to the annular space.
The invention also resides in a separator apparatus consisting of a hydrocyclone coupled to a secondary gas/liquid separator situated above the hydrocyclone.
FIG. 1 is a side, cross-sectional view of a basic embodiment of the invention consisting of nesting conical shells.
FIG. 2 is a side, cross-sectional view of an alternate embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a side view of the transitional section of the apparatus shown in FIG. 6.
FIG. 4 is top plan view of FIG. 3.
FIG. 5 shows an enlarged cross-sections along lines V--V, of FIG. 2, in an embodiment having passage means in the shells.
FIG. 5A is a side view taken along line Va--Va of FIG. 5.
FIG. 6 is a side view of an embodiment of the invention having a helical tube within the annular space.
FIG. 7 is a detail of FIG. 6.
FIG. 8 shows an enlargement of area A of FIG. 7.
FIG. 9 shows a cross-section taken along line IX--IX of FIG. 6.
FIG. 10 is a side view of a secondary gas/liquid separator of the invention.
FIG. 11 is an exploded view of the separator of FIG. 10, including an optional third shell within the outer shell.
FIG. 12 is a side cross-sectional view taken along line XII--XII of FIG. 11.
A hydrocyclone is a flow through device used to separate a solid/liquid/gas mixture having constituents of different specific gravities into its separate phases. The input stream may consist of any combination of phases, such as solid/liquid, liquid/gas, or all three phases. In the case of a liquid/liquid mixture, it separates the lighter liquid from the heavier liquid. As its name suggests, a hydrocyclone is designed to cause the flow to follow a downwardly tapering helical path, which induces a centrifugal force on the fluid mixture flowing through.
A first embodiment of the invention is described in conjunction with FIG. 1. The cyclone portion 2 consists of a cylindrical transitional section 4 for receiving the input stream at inlet pipe 8, and transforming the cross-sectional profile of the stream from circular to rectangular. The transitional section 4 leads into a downwardly tapered conical section 6. The operative portion of the conical section 6 is formed by two nesting, coaxial truncated cones having an identical angle of ascent, inner cone 10 and outer cone 12, which form a conical, annular space 14 therebetween. Because of the high velocity of the input stream, which is directed tangentially into the cyclone, the stream flows downwardly in a helical path within the conical annular space 14. The width of the annular space is determined, in conjunction with the rectangular profile of the transition nozzle, so as to enhance the basic cyclonic effect. That is, by providing an inner conical wall in addition to the usual standard outer conical wall, the thickness of the flow is controlled within this constricted cross-section. The result is a reduction in the occurrence of secondary flow vortices and other unwanted turbulence-causing effects, which can cause remixing. Thus, the separation which occurs by virtue of the centrifugal force acting on the differing phase densities can be maximized. As the flow exits from the bottom of the conical annular space, the phase separation is relatively well defined.
A further embodiment of the invention, including a particular transition zone and nozzle, is shown in more detail in FIGS. 2-4. The additional features described herein, as well as others described below, can be applied to the conical hydrocyclone described above (and as shown in the drawings), as well as to a hydrocylone having two cyclindrical shells in place of the conical shells. A mixed phase stream enters the cyclone under very high velocity through inlet 8 into transition nozzle 9, which is constructed to transform the stream into one having a narrow vertical rectangular profile 11, for reasons which will be explained below. The inlet nozzle 9 protrudes inside the body of the transition section 4, situated horizontally and tangentially with respect to the inside wall 13 of the transition section. The nozzle is formed so as to transform the profile of the stream without causing turbulence, i.e. no abrupt change in flow should result which would unduly complicate processing within the cyclone. In order to provide the most advantageous degree of turbulence, it has been found that the aspect ratio of the rectangular profile should be at least 2:1 in the vertical direction (i.e. in the direction parallel to the axis of the shells), and will likely be closer to 6:1, and as high as 12:1 or more. Those skilled in the art will be able to determine the optimum profile based on the detailed discussion which follows.
The helical path, beginning as the nozzle 9 transitions into the rectangular cross-section space 11, winds into the cyclone section 6 and begins its descent downward under centrifugal force. Because of the extreme force exerted on the stream by virtue of the tightly wound helical path, the mixture is separated into its three phases based on density. The heavier fraction is forced radially to the outside of the annular space, against the inside wall of outer shell 12. Upon exit from the annular space, the heavy fraction drops gravitationally into the collection area 22a, formed by a downward extension of an outer vessel 20, and then may be removed through outlet 24. The light fraction (e.g. gas and/or liquid) is drawn upward through center area 26 towards outlet 28. The hydrocyclone may also have an outer vessel 20 surrounding the outer shell 12 to form an annular space 22 therearound, leading into the collection area 22a.
Another embodiment of the invention, which may be used alone or in conjunction with other embodiments described, is shown in detail in FIGS. 5 and 5A. The embodiment comprises passage means located in the walls of either or both of the inner and outer shells, to provide fluid communication with the adjacent region, and can be used to enhance the separation of different phases. In the case of the inner shell, the inner shell passage means 39, in the form of ports, vanes or perforations which communicate the annular space with the interior region 26, act to draw off the lighter fraction, e.g. gas and entrained liquid, from the helical flow into the region 26 for removal through an uptake 28. The passage means 39 should be located below the uptake 28. Likewise, the outer shell may have outer shell passage means 41 which communicate the annular space with the annular outer collecting area 22 formed between the outer vessel 20 and the outer shell 12, and which act to draw off the heavier fraction, e.g mixed solid and liquid. If either or both of the inner shell passage means or outer shell passage means are present, the remaining, medium weight fraction, e.g. consisting mostly of liquid, will continue to flow down the helical path for exit at the bottom thereof. The number, size and location of the passage means will be determined by those skilled in the art based on the particular inlet flow, among other factors. Thus, for example, if solids are present, a series of passage means 41 may be situated toward the bottom of succeeding turns of the helical path. FIGS. 5 and 5A show one manner in which a passage means can be constructed, namely by forming a cut-out vane in the shell. However, any type of passage means which is capable of drawing off a particular fraction of the flow may be used.
As the solids and gas exit the annular space through their respective exit ports, the liquid remains within the helical path, continuing to spiral downwardly therethrough. At the bottom of the path 34, generally defined by the truncation point of the shells 10, 12, the liquids enter the collection area 22a. A heavier fraction, e.g. consisting of mixed solid/liquid, exiting from the bottom of the helical path and/or radially through the outer shell passage means, collects in the region 22a toward the bottom of the outer shell, for extraction through an exit port 24, and further treatment, while the lighter liquid rises within the collection area to be removed through overflow pipe 32 opening upwardly within the center area of the cyclone, or through outlet 28.
An operating level of liquid is maintained within the cyclone, above the overflow pipe, and in conjunction with a drain-off associated with the overflow exit 32a. In order to avoid remixing, it should be clear that both the opening of the overflow pipe and the operating liquid level should be situated above the bottom exit from the helical path, as well as above any outer shell passage means that may be present.
With reference to FIGS. 6-9, a further embodiment of the apparatus comprises a structural helical path defining means consisting of a helical dividing means situated within the annular space, bridging the width between the inner shell and the outer shell, and defining the helical path between successive turns of the helical dividing means 16. For reasons explained below, the dividing means 16 is advantageously formed by a coiled length of round cross-section residing within the annular space 14, whereby the outer sides of the coiled length act as boundaries to the helical path.
It is even more advantageous if the coiled length is formed of a hollow tube. In addition to providing ease of manufacture with respect to a helical plate (and for this reason, a solid rod of rounded cross-section may also be used), the tube may also provide further operational advantages, discussed below. As shown in detail in FIG. 7, the contact points between the lateral sides of the tube and the walls of the shells act to allow the lower 42 and upper 40 sides, respectively, of succeeding turns of the tube to act as upper and lower inwardly arced sides of the "rectangular" helical path. Since the essentially rectangular cross-section 14 of the path is highly longitudinal, the inwardly convex nature of the shorter, lateral walls of the rectangle formed by the tube do not appreciably affect the cyclonic action, and can be taken into account when analyzing the flow patterns.
Nevertheless, when gas is present in the flow stream, the corner 48 formed between the lower part 42 of the outside tube wall and the outside wall 44 of the inner shell, i.e. the upper, inside corner of the rectangular cross-section of the helical path, does act to form an area generally free of liquid or solid matter. Thus, a series of perforations 50 through the tube 16, along the length thereof, which perforations communicate the inside of the helical path 14 with the inside of the hollow tube 52, can be provided to allow for withdrawal of gases from the cycloning, mixed input stream. The size, spacing and number of perforations depends on the ratio and nature of the gas in the mixture and the rate of its emulsion within. These gases tend toward the upper part of the helical path, and thus may flow into the hollow tube, for passage upwardly through the tube in counterflow fashion (direction of arrow C) to the downwardly cycloning input stream, for withdrawal at an outlet port 56. An advantageous location of the perforations has been found to be with the centers thereof situated at an approximate 45� angle, shown as β, with respect to the horizontal diameter running through the lateral cross-section of the tube.
The system may consist solely of the cyclone described above in its various embodiments, or may further advantageously comprise a secondary gas/liquid separator 60 situated thereabove, shown in FIGS. 10-12. In addition, it is possible that the secondary gas/liquid separator arrangement may be used with hydrocylcones other than those described presently. Gas with entrained liquid flows from the cyclone 2 up through column 28, which acts as an inlet to the gas/liquid separator 60. In addition, separated gas flowing through hollow tube 16 may also be fed into the secondary separator.
The separator 60 may have a generally cylindrical shell 67. The column 29 may consist of two concentric pipes, a gas/liquid uptake 28 surrounding a liquid return pipe 30. To avoid short circuiting of the separation cycle, the return pipe 30 should extend below the liquid operating level in the main apparatus 2, while the uptake 28 should be above said level. The uptake 28 leads into a seconday separation system 66. The separation system 66 comprises a series of nested coaxial shells. Outer shell 68 opens out in the upward direction from the inlet uptake 28, and is closed on top by wall 70 to form a generally closed system except for liquid and gas exit ports. In an alternate embodiment, shown in FIG. 10, the outer shell 68 (shown as a dotted line) may be dispensed with, and the shell 67 may perform the same role. Gas exit port 72 extends upwardly through the center of wall 70. A first inner shell 74 resides inwardly of and spaced apart from outer shell 68, forming an annular space 78 therebetween. A mixed gas/liquid stream enters through uptake 28 and flows into space 78 in an upward orientation. The flow is then abruptly reversed as it passes through inlet ports 76 present towards the upper portion of first inner shell 74 into a second annular space 80 formed between first inner shell 74 and second inner shell 84 residing spacedly within the first inner shell. Preferably, as shown in FIG. 11, the ports 76 are formed as horizontally directed vanes, which direct the flow into space 80 in an initially tangential direction, which then continues to spiral cyclonically downward through space 80. The abrupt change of direction, and subsequent cyclonic flow in space 80, acts to impart a separation, so that the liquid tends to fall gravitationally downward through return pipe 30 extending from the bottom of shell 74, while the gas (possibly with some remaining entrained liquid) rises through the open bottom of shell 84 to an outlet.
The secondary separator may also be constructed to provide additional separation forces based on cyclonic helical flow in similar fashion to the main cyclone, if the gas/liquid inlet is directed tangentially into the secondary separator. In this case, the annular spaces 78, 80 should be free of structural spacers 85 or the like, which may be present in the non-cyclonic embodiment of the secondary separator, but which would impede helical flow.
The theory and operation of the apparatus will now be described, as well as the considerations which go into choosing the proper configuration parameters. While one method of separator design is set forth below, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the particulars of the design according to the invention can be arrived at through any known technique.
The centrifugal force induced on a given particle within the flow field is related to the radius of the helix at that point, the mass of the particle and its tangential velocity by the following formula:
F=force acting on particle ##EQU1## m=mass of particle vt =tangential velocity of particle
r=radius of helix
Hence, two particles of equal volume but of different densities flowing at the same tangential velocity and at equidistant points from the center of the helix, will experience different centrifugal forces. The more dense particle will undergo a greater centrifugal force and therefore will tend to move further out than the lighter particle. In a mixture, the heavier particle will move to the outermost radial boundary of the helix, forcing the lighter particles to be displaced inward, thus causing separation. Hence, separation in a hydrocyclone is directly proportional to the difference in the specific gravities of the fluids to be separated: ##EQU2##
In a hydrocyclone where the physical properties of the fluids to be separated is constant, separation can be improved by maximizing the normal acceleration: ##EQU3##
This can be achieved by either increasing the tangential velocity of the fluid or reducing the diameter of the helix. For a fixed flow rate, considering that the flow is incompressible, the tangential velocity can be increased by reducing the cross-sectional area of the flow. This also leads to higher Reynolds numbers and increased turbulence which may cause remixing. Increasing velocity will yield an increase in frictional losses, i.e. pressure losses, in the device creating a demand for a larger pumping source. Hence, it is advantageous to maximize the velocity while maintaining pressure losses and turbulence within acceptable ranges. For example, the economic pipe velocity range for water is between 4.4 and 8.8 ft/sec (1.3 and 2.7 m/sec). The main objective is to achieve high separation efficiency. Hence, to maximize the normal acceleration without drastically affecting operating cost, the flow velocity must be maintained in the neighborhood of the high range (8.8 ft/sec; 2.7 m/sec). This, however, increases the Reynolds number which in turn increases turbulence. The Reynolds number is defined as: ##EQU4## where Q=is the flow rate
A=the cross-sectional area of the flow channel
v=kinematic viscosity of the fluid
Dh =Hydraulic diameter of the flow channel
where ##EQU5## where P is the wetted perimeter
Hence, the Reynolds number becomes ##EQU6##
To minimize the Reynolds number for a given fluid flowing at a constant flow rate, the wetted perimeter of the channel must be increased without increasing its cross-sectional area in order not to reduce the average velocity and maintain a high normal acceleration. Hence, P must be maximized for a constant A. For a rectangular channel,
H=height of channel
W=Width of channel
Combining the above two equations ##EQU7## deriving with respect to W and setting the derivative equal to zero, leads to the minimum wetted perimeter for which H=W (square channel). Hence, for the same cross-sectional area, the wetted perimeter can be increased by increasing the length of one side of the rectangular channel while decreasing the other in inverse proportion, keeping in mind that the channel must be practical to manufacture.
Therefore, in order to keep the average tangential velocity high and minimize the Reynolds number, and thus turbulence, the flow channel must be essentially thin, slitlike and rectangular.
In determining the orientation of the major axis of the rectangular channel with respect to the axis of revolution of the helix, the following is considered. In a helical flow channel, secondary flows exist because the fluids nearest the center of the tube which have a higher velocity are acted upon by a larger centrifugal force than the slower particles near the wall. This secondary flow is directed outward in the center and back and around near the wall forming counter-rotating flow loops. Also, the fluid nearest to the axis of the helix is subjected to a greater centrifugal force than the liquid furthest from the axis of the helix further aiding the formation of these secondary flows. These secondary flows can be reduced by minimizing the distance between the inner and outer wall of the flow channel. Hence, the major axis of the rectangular channel must be essentially parallel to the axis of the helix. These secondary flows are more pronounced in laminar flow than in turbulent flow since in laminar flow the velocity profile varies throughout the cross-section of the tube whereas in turbulent flow it is essentially flat except within the boundary layer.
Goertler vortices can also be generated in flow through a channel following a helical path. These vortices are similar to Taylor vortices in nature and are generated in the boundary layer on a concave wall (the outer cone) and are caused by the velocity gradient across the boundary layer. If the flow is laminar, the velocity gradient will be non-zero throughout the channel and the Goertler vortices will extend from the outer wall to the point of max velocity. A flat velocity profile will eliminate these vortices in the body of the flow and limit their existence to the laminar sublayer. This is only attainable with a turbulent velocity profile.
Turbulent flow increases mixing of the pre-separated or stratified fluids and/or solids and the Brownian motion generated in turbulent flow may prevent the very small fluid bubbles or solid particles from migrating to a common location and agglomerating. Furthermore, turbulent flow causes mixing at the microscopic level which may weaken stratification while laminar flow induces vortices and secondary flows at the macroscopic level which can be even more detrimental. Therefore, the flow in the channel should be in the turbulent range with control over the turbulence intensity. Turbulence intensity is increased by the rubbing and bouncing of the fluid particles against the microscopic protuberances in the material forming the channel walls. These particles will impact other particles closer to the core creating a domino effect. A smooth wall will generate less turbulence than a rough wall. Hence, the importance of channel material selection.
Turbulence due to surface roughness can be overcome by keeping the flow "hydraulically smooth", i.e., allowing the height of the laminar sublayer to exceed the height of the protuberances to form a "coating" between the walls of the channel and the core of the flow. The impact of a fluid particle with a protuberance along the wall is dampened and absorbed within the laminar boundary sublayer without affecting the core of the flow making frictional losses a function of the Reynolds number only (independent of surface roughness). In order to obtain a "hydraulically smooth" flow, the frictional Reynolds number must satisfy the inequality ##EQU8## where ε=The surface roughness of the material
V* =The frictional velocity
ν=The kinematic viscosity of the fluid.
And where the frictional velocity may be expressed as: ##EQU9## where u=local velocity
y=Distance from wall of tube
Due to the Von Karman Similarity Hypothesis for shear velocity, for a circular tube, the local velocity and distance from wall can be replaced by the maximum velocity and tube radius without affecting the value of the shear velocity. Using the power law, the maximum velocity can be expressed in terms of the average velocity in turbulent pipe flow. The radius can also be replaced by half the hydraulic diameter to obtain an equation that is applicable to rectangular pipe and where the average velocity can easily be substituted for by the flow rate.
From the previously provided inequality for defining "hydraulically smooth" flow, the maximum allowable shear velocity under this condition is: ##EQU10##
Knowing the type of material to be used for the channel walls and the kinematic viscosity of the fluid to be treated at a pre-determined flow rate (based on application) the exact minimum dimensions of the channel can be obtained for a pre-established cross-sectional shape by combining the above equation with that of the shear velocity expressed as a function of the flow rate. Hence, we will have the smallest cross-sectional area capable of providing "hydraulically smooth" flow at the highest possible velocity for the chosen geometry (in our case, long thin rectangular for all the previously stated reasons).
Thus, the velocity can be maximized to yield a higher centrifugal force, while minimizing the Reynolds number and keeping turbulence intensity under control.
As discussed above, the helical dividing means 16 may be advantageously formed by a tube bent around at a constant pitch equal to the desired height of the channel, and sandwiched between two concentric cylindrical or conical plates 10, 12. Where, if a conical configuration is used, the maximum half angle of the cone can be determined by: ##EQU11## where α=the maximum half angle of the cone
g=acceleration due to gravity
an =the maximum normal acceleration generated at the minimum helix radius.
In rectangular channels, there are always secondary flows towards the corners along the half angle line and back out along the edges. These secondary flows will remain when the two short edges are replaced by tubes. However, choosing a rectangular tube with a large aspect ratio will limit the effects of these secondary flows to the two edges of the channel thus limiting their effect on the bulk of the flow.
The centrifugal force can also be maximized by minimizing the radius of the helix. In the configuration where the one light-liquid outlet is on top and one heavy liquid outlet is in the bottom with no concentric pipe going through the center of the cone, the minimum radius should be essentially equal to the radius of the top pipe in order to prevent "choking" the light liquid as it starts moving upward through the center of the cone. In the configuration where the concentric pipe 32 going through the center of the cone is used, i.e., when gases are also present, the minimum radius of the inner cone/cylinder wall 10 is also the outer radius of the annulus formed by the concentric pipe 32 and bottom of inner cone and in which the separated lighter liquid rises. Again, to minimize "choking" the minimum cross-sectional area of the annulus should be essentially equal to the area of the concentric pipe 32. This equality yields the minimum radius of the cone whereas the radius of the concentric pipe is obtained such that the flow therethrough is optimized, as is well known to those versed in the field. Having obtained the minimum radius, the maximum allowable normal acceleration can be obtained.
As the flow exits the bottom of the annular space 34, it continues spinning while the lighter liquid is extracted through the center area 26 and the heavier liquid/solid is swung to the outside as it migrates to the bottom 22a of the outer shell 22 enclosing the hydrocyclone. The minimum depth of this chamber should be such that, whether the heavy liquid/solids are extracted continuously or in batches, they do not accumula te more than three (3) inner cone radii or three (3) annulus spaces from the bottom 34 of the helix channel 14 to minimize re-entrainment, depending on which light liquid extraction configuration is used. However, these parameters will vary depending on the application.
The number of revolutions in the helix is also an important factor in separation. The flow must be fully developed and free of entrance effects prior to obtaining effective separation. In turbulent flow, the entrance length is defined as: ##EQU12##
Since the inlet 8 to the hydrocyclone is a circular pipe and the channel is rectangular with a high aspect ratio, having a smooth transition section from a circular cross-section 8 to a rectangular cross-section 11 will help minimize entrance length effects. For ease of manufacturing, the current transition may be formed to change abruptly from a circular cross-section 8 to a square cross-section 9, then to transition to the rectangular cross-section 11 with the desired aspect ratio. This transition is formed by two concentric cylinders having a space in between them equal to the width of the flow channel and where the inner cylinder is gradually rolled at a tighter radius in order to match the circular to square transition plate. The top of the transition is sealed with a flat horizontal plate and so is the bottom. The bottom plate is inclined such that the transition from square to rectangular occurs at preferably a slope of 15�, the recommended angle for diffusers. However, this may be overlooked where ease of manufacturing is concerned, since a change in cross-sectional geometry does not always lead to an increase in cross-sectional area. Hence, having a smooth transition, the minimum required entrance length is:
Le =40Dh
Therefore, the minimum number of revolutions required to attain fully developed flow is ##EQU13##
It is safe to assume that effective separation occurs beyond this point. The number of revolutions required to achieve adequate separation is dependent upon several variables such as the difference in specific gravity between the fluids to be separated, their viscosities (especially that of the carrying fluid), particle size and interfacial tension. In order to simplify, having a given particle size distribution in a known carrying fluid, the radial terminal velocity of the sphere can be estimated. The width of the channel and the average flow velocity being known, the minimum number of revolutions in the fully developed flow regime can be estimated. It is estimated that a standard design would have at least six (6) revolutions.
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Sony Is Also Planning All-Male 'Ghostbusters' Along With All-Female Film
After 25 plus years without a 'Ghostbusters' movie there are two on the way. In addition to the upcoming all-female Sony film starring Melissa McCarthy, Kristen Wiig, Leslie Jones, and Kate McKinnon, Sony is also planning an all-male 'Ghostbusters' movie.
Marvel And Sony Team Up To Bring Spider-Man Into Marvel's Cinematic Universe
Comic book movie fans everywhere are rejoicing this morning as Marvel Studios and Sony Pictures Entertainment have announced that Spider-Man is coming to the Marvel Universe.
The Nude Rowers Who Do A Calendar Every Year Are Doing A Full Frontal Film
If you haven't seen this yet, you're welcome. The rowers that make a nude calendar every year have gone to film, and they are doing full frontal. These guys are hot and you have to […]
What's Hot: Shortcuts FIlm Fest
Shortcuts Film Fest Is HOT! CLICK HERE for more info
Storytime With Stevie: How An Indie Film Made Me Feel Special
Almost a year ago now I was a fresh hire at CBS Radio filling my spare time (ha!) with movie blogging and film critiques for a friend at truthoncinema.com. We had the pleasure of attending […]
50 Shades Of Grey Trailer
The new OFFICIAL 50 Shades trailer has finally arrived. Check it out! Thats a heckuva Valentines Day date.
Kory Chats With John Lloyd Young From The Movie "Jersey Boys."
Now with Clint Eastwood at the helm, Jersey Boys is going Hollywood!
The Mighty Morphin Power Rangers Movie Is Happening!
Will you check this movie out?
'Star Wars Episode VII' Cast Announced
The full cast list for Star Wars Episode VII has been officially announced. The film will start shooting in London at Pinewood studios next month, and a statement released by StarWars.com announced the cast. "Actors John Boyega, Daisy Ridley, […]
Marvel Has Films Planned Until 2028
If you are planning to see 'Captain America: The Winter Soldier' this weekend and are looking forward to Marvel's release of 'Guardians Of The Galaxy', 'Avengers: Age Of Ultron', and 'Ant Man' in the coming year, then Marvel […]

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YORKIE PUPS, M/F, health guar, some tinies, pics avail, call or text 336-528-3499More info Email a friend
MALTIPOO PUPS, Tiny, White, Beautiful 6 wks, 2/F, 1/M, 1st shots $500. 910-305-4430More info Email a friend
BISHON PUPS, 1st shots, vet-checked, 5 wks, males. Taking dep. $700. 919-331-0113More info Email a friend
COCKAPOO PUPS- UTD Shots & wormed, 7 wks old. $350 ea. Call 910-273-1885More info Email a friend
CKC, AKC & ICA certified. Parents on site. 1st shot, deworming and dewclawed.More info Email a friend
4 puppies left! 1white female, and 3 white males. Tails are docked and dew claws removed. Puppies will have first deworming and shots before going to their "forever home". Please e-mail or call Erica @ 919-457-eight one seven six with any questions. $...More info Email a friend
DOB 4/30/15 1st Shots Worming Ready To GoMore info Email a friend
Adorable AKC Male Yorkie Puppies. They will be ready to leave around the end of July. The parents have great personalities and temperaments. The puppies are raised inside our home and receive lots of attention and socialization from all members of our family...More info Email a friend
Beautiful AKC English Springer Spaniel puppy,He just turned 9 weeks old.He has Champion Bloodline:FC,AFC.He was seen at Vet and checked out was in good shape, had 6 and 8 week shots and multiple worming.Have both mother and father on site. 1-Boy Liver/...More info Email a friend
ENGLISH SPRINGER PUPPIES - AKC, Liver & white. $550 ea. Call 919-989-9456More info Email a friend


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MiProducts Corporation QKK-01 Q-Series Touchpad Remote Control Knob Keyless Entry Handle
By MiProducts Corporation
Finish Options
Satin Nickel
Height: 6.5in
Length: 3.25in
Projection: 3.25in
This touchpad and remote control entry door knob lets you lock and unlock your door without keys. Convenience, security, and luxury all in one. Great for house guests, service personnel, children, or when your hands are just full. Features: 5 pin SC-1 Keyway Lifetime Tarnish Free Finish Easy Installation-No New Wiring Simple Programming Back-lit Keypad Accepts up to 10, 2-8 digit codes Accepts up to 10 MiProducts Corporation RM-RF remote controls RM-RF Remote Controls work up to 30' away (without obstructions) RM-RF Remote Controls work on Rolling Code Technology becoming unreadable by code scanners Add or Delete Codes Individually as Needed Panic Exit Function Built-in Warning Alarm Sounds After 4 Failed Attempts Includes 2 Traditional Keys Includes 1 MiProducts Corporation RM-RF Remote Fits Standard Door Prep Includes 2 3/8"(60mm) or 2 ¾"(70mm) Adjustable Latch Includes Optional Auto-Lock Function Audible Tones for Lock, Unlock, and Low Battery Mounts Door Thickness of 1-1/4' (30mm) up to 1-7/8' (48mm) Requires 4 AA Batteries (sold separately) Warranties: Lifetime Warranty on Exterior Finish 25-Year Mechanical Warranty 1-Year Limited Electronic Warranty Notes: MiProducts Corporation Recommends isolating Radio Frequency Antenna with either cork, neoprene, or duct tape ONLY IF this door lock is going to be mounted on a metal door. MiProducts Corporation Recommends that all exterior doors have a deadbolt and entry lock mounted, for safety and security.


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Showing 117 Results for houston rockets
Sports Birthdays for June 22 — Kurt Warner and More
This Day in Sports History — June 14
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Hornets Strike Gold, Win NBA Draft Lottery
Hornets fans, get ready to "bow to the brow." The New Orleans Hornets won the NBA draft lottery Wednesday night, giving them the rights to select Kentucky big man Anthony Davis (along with Davis' unibrow). Monty Williams was smiling ear to ear when the Hornets envelope was opened last. In addition to the top overall pick, New Orleans also has...
Sports Birthdays for May 24 — Tracy McGrady and More
Hornets Lose Finale, Begin Important Offseason
While Hornets head coach Monty Williams (pictured above) expressed disappointment over his team's 84-77 loss to the Houston Rockets Thursday night, he should be pleased at how his players finished the season as a whole. Plaqued by injuries, the departure of a superstar, an abnormal schedule, no ownership (until recently), and a lack of practice time, the New Orleans Hornets managed to win 8 of their last 13 games this season.
Hornets Beat Warriors 83-81
Former Golden State Warrior Marco Belinelli led the New Orleans Hornets in scoring with 23, including the final 2 which came off a goal tending call. Those 2 points helped the Hornets defeat the Warriors last night in Oakland by the score of 83-81. It was a strange ending to a strange game. Golden State set-off confetti after...
Hornets Defeat Rockets In Overtime 105-99
In the last homegame of the season, the soldout crowd at the New Orleans arena watched their Hornets defeat the Houston Rockets in overtime 105-99. Eric Gordon (pictured above) scored 27 points to lead all scorers. It was the seventh win in ten tries for New Orleans, who got contributions from everyone on Thursday night.


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Queen Street West - SOHO, Toronto
15 Reviews
15 Reviews
Lively atmosphere and trendy fashions. You can find major labels here like: Guess, Club Monaco, Gap, Zara, Aldo, Aritzia.
Take a virtual tour of queen st w at grandstreets.com. They have panoramic views of the whole street so you can browse all the shops at a glance.
Parkdale Village is an interesting area to walk in because of its "Bohemian" atmosphere. Unlike many other areas of Toronto that have been ruined by rampant development, Parkdale has retained a good number of its late 19th-century buildings. The neighbourhood has a special feeling, not unlike SoHo in New York, that strongly contrasts with the rest of the city.
People-watchers will not be disappointed if they visit the section of Queen Street that lies west of Dufferin Street. Queen Street West is the main commercial artery of the neighbourhood, while several of the crossing streets have rows of cozy Victorian-era houses. The best among them are Dunn and Cowan Avenues because some high-rise apartment buildings have been built on some of the other streets.
This spa is located in the trendy and eclectic neighborhood of West Queen West. Nestled just off of Queen and King it is a hidden gem! It's not one of those pretentious places where you feel like you must bring out the inner snob, rather it's a very minimalistic and clean spa. It's definitely different from the traditional places, with 3 large screen television sets in the manicure pedicure area to watch DVDs during services, individual hydrotherapy treatments where you can steam or sauna in private! Course, the services were also amazing, customized facials, moor mud wraps that make your mouth water (chocolate mint!) and RMT massages (hello....claimable!!) It might not have all the frills and pretence but if you want a relaxing place to escape in the city, I highly recommend it!
This building is considered by some people to be the most beautiful in Canada.
In 1829-32 the Law Society of Upper Canada erected the west wing of the building and named it after William Osgoode, the province's first Chief Justice.
The building has been damaged and repaired many times and now stands in pristine condition. The interior of the building is magnificent memory of the period.
This sandstone structured building was constructed during the period 1886-92 and has served as the meeting place for Ontario's Parliament for more than a century.
Free guided tours of the building are available, phone (416) 325 7500 for tour schedule and booking.
The city is so large and vibrant, it has many unusual and exciting areas. One of them is Queen street, the hub of excitement. My suggestion to you is as follows:
Find an evening when you are free from about 7pm onwards. Goto Yonge Street downtown, byt the intersection of Queen Street. This is by the south side of Eaton Centre. From there, walk west along Queen Street. Almost immediately, you will pass Nathan Phillips Square on your right. At that square, you will likely see the Quaint but stunning Old City Hall and the Modern New City Hall. Nathan Phillips Square
Continue along Queen Street. You will see many exciting unusual shops and thousands of people adding to the excitement. This will really be a rewarding walk. In fact a great idea is to meander your way down this street with a bunch of friends examining and comparing the various unusual shops. You do not need to spend money. You are also obviously welcome to spend money too, that is your choice!
Eventually you will reach the famous Chum City Building. Chum City Building It is worth looking round there.
I also suggest visiting my Toronto Off The Beaten Path Page. There, you can read about the City Council, Nathan Phillips Square, Osgoode Hall and the Mayor's office, which are all in Queen Street.
This was the area we stayed in. Once we figured out where we were, the atmosphere around here had an "anything goes" appeal to it. We saw some very colorful and interesting looking people, and the shops had some off the wall apparel and items. The restaurants were good too. I'll probably stay here again.
For something inexpensive to do on a rainy day try visiting The National film board of Canada. It is located on John st. Take the Queen car to John st (West of University Ave. A few blocks west of Osgoode subway station). On thursday nights there are great movies for eight bucks or so. Anytime that they are open, there are numerous private viewing stations, for singles or couples, where you can select any of hundreds of movies to watch for a a buck or two per hour!!! Great documentaries and a way to get to know Canadians and their lives.
There are lots of artsy stores, delicious restaurants and cafes. There is also my now favourite Lush shop, as well as an adult goods store where volunteers can dance around very scantily clad on weekends for the reward of a purchase of upto $50 in the store - strictly for exhibitionists.
If you're into shopping and not into looking like everyone else, Queen ST W is a good place to spend a day. There are tonnes of shops ranging from the mild to the extreme to suit all fashion tastes. This is our most trendiest area of the city and the prices range from moderate to pricey depending on what you're getting. There are also lots of bars and restaurants with outdoor patios to allow you to sit back and people-watch if you're in the need of a shopping break.
Take a walk down Queen and see how normally staid Canadians can get downright snooty.
It is a nice place to take a stroll, what with all the cafes and shops selling unique items of habadashery.
It also abuts on on Toronto's huge Chinese community on Spadina where I had a blast browsing through all the junk.
Here I must admit that my favorite shop in the world is on Queen Street. It's called Peach Berserk and is owned and staffed by the most talented and creative women in the world. They create beautiful and unique clothes for women (and men too). Stop in and buy something peachy!
Shopping on Queen St.
On Queen St. is the kind of shopping you want to do as a tourist in Toronto. There are many cool clothing stores from super cheap grunge style and vintage clothing - to ultra hip fashion! Also, this is where you will find many unique stores to Toronto like skateboard stores and fabulous music stores, the Condom Shack (featuring me [in it] on the picture), the Friendly Stranger (a store with top quality and a lot to choose from when it comes to hemp and weed paraphinelia - makes for a great gift shop!)
If you like such stores as Prada, Gucci, Versace... they are located on Bloor St.
Queen Street West is one of those streets every city should have. It's a street for the uncommon, for the trendy, for the hip. It's also great in the way of neat finds and unusual souveniers.
Toronto's very own Much Music tv station is located on Queen West and you may just catch a glimpse of some famous person doing an interview.
Also there are tons of great stores, from Caban, to Lush, to small boutiques that have the funkiest stuff. For those adults with a sense of humour, try visiting the Condom Shack to find those off-the-wall adult souveniers. In the way of food, a personal favourite is Queen Mother Café and Tortilla Flats. (Tortilla Flats has a great combo platter). In the summer Peter Pan and Tortilla Flats have the best patios IMO. Live music? Check out the Rex, 360, Rivoli and Bamboo. Queen West is a hop skip and a jump away from the theatre and club district of Toronto.
We walked around Queen St. West quite a few times, since it was so close by. This cafe(?) looked interesting, wish we had tried it. So many places, so little time!
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In this activity, students create a scale model depicting the vertical distance from Earth's surface to various features and objects, including Earth's atmospheric layers, the Van Allen Radiation Belts, and geocentric satellites. Students also... (View More) compare the vertical distances to these features and objects with distances from their classroom to other common points on the ground. Includes background science information; student reading, handouts and worksheet; teacher information; and suggested extensions and adaptations for students with vision impairment. (View Less)
Materials Cost: 1 cent - $1 per group of students
In this hands-on activity, students learn about the different realms of the Universe and explore their sizes and relative scales. They will be guided through a process that uncovers the immense sizes of the Sun, Solar System, Solar Neighborhood,... (View More) Milky Way, Local Group, Supercluster, and the observable Universe. The full version of this activity involves students doing simple math computations, however it can also be done without the math. There are some inexpensive materials involved, as well as a powerpoint presentation. It is intended for grades 8-12, but can be adapted down for lower grade levels. (View Less)
In this activity, students are introduced to light and colored gels (filters). Students make and test predictions about light and color using gels; learn about the importance of gels (filters) to astronomers; then analyze images taken with regular... (View More) and infrared cameras to see that objects opaque to light at one wavelength, may be transparent to light of a different wavelength. Section 1 of the activity guide includes teacher notes, information on materials and preparation, student misconceptions, and a student pre-test. Each activity section also includes teacher notes, student activity sheets, and answer keys. This activity is the first of four activities in Active Astronomy, which are designed to complement instruction on the electromagnetic spectrum, focusing on infrared light. (View Less)
Materials Cost: $5 - $10 per group of students
In this activity, students build a photocell detector, and use it to detect different colors of light in a spectrum. Then they place the detector just outside the red region of the visible light spectrum and see that the detector detects the... (View More) presence of light there, even though there is no color visible. Students learn that invisible light exists and that we can detect this light with instruments other than our eyes. In a final part of the activity, students investigate the infrared signals emitted by TV and VCR remote controls. The activities build upon each other and are best taught in order. Section 1 of the activity guide includes teacher notes, information on materials and preparation, student misconceptions and a student pre-test. Each activity section also includes teacher notes, student activity sheets, and answer keys. This activity requires some special materials (e.g. a small solar cell, alligator clip leads, plus common classroom materials (e.g., overhead or slide projector). This activity is the second of four activities in Active Astronomy, which are designed to complement instruction on the electromagnetic spectrum, focusing on infrared light. (View Less)
Materials Cost: $5 - $10 per group of students
This is a lesson about the electromagnetic spectrum. Learners begin by arranging a set of picture cards; in the discussion afterwards, this activity is related to the electromagnetic spectrum as an arrangement of energy waves. Next, using a... (View More) clothesline to model a logarithmic scale, they add in the electromagnetic spectrum. Finally, learners conduct several simple tests to detect other types of radiation. This activity requires access to a sunny outdoor location and the use of ultraviolet light-sensitive beads. (View Less)
Materials Cost: $1 - $5 per group of students
In this lesson, students examine the idea of inflation in the Universe using rising raisin bread dough as a model for universal expansion. Students will read the Cosmic Times 1993 edition and use two articles: Pancake or Oatmeal Universe - What's... (View More) for Breakfast and Inflation in the Universe to help them make observations. The students will observe a bowl of oatmeal to explain the lumpiness and smoothness of the universe. Then the students will use raisin bread to describe how the universe went through a period of inflation to expand into its current form today. This lesson is part of the Cosmic Times teacher guide and is intended to be used in conjunction with the 1993 Cosmic Times Poster. (View Less)
This is an educators guide to accompany the Journey to the Stars planetarium show. The materials for grades 3-5 include suggestions for activities to do before and after viewing the planetarium show, including class discussions about the Sun's... (View More) energy and food chains and online activities about food chains and decomposition. (View Less)
Materials Cost: Free
Students investigate magnetic fields in two and three dimensions, and compare the magnetic field of a pulsar to that of the Earth and other astronomical objects. This is Activity 3 of the Supernova Educator Guide developed by the XMM-Newton and... (View More) GLAST E/PO programs. The guide features extensive background information, assessment rubrics, student worksheets, extension and transfer activities, and detailed information about physical science and mathematics content standards. Note: In 2008, GLAST was renamed Fermi, for the physicist Enrico Fermi. (View Less)
Materials Cost: $1 - $5 per group of students
In this activity students are challenged to create a model of the universe in a single class period. This activity is designed to elicit student ideas and preconceptions about the contents and organization of the cosmos. Most students will be... (View More) somewhat familiar with solar system objects, but may be confused about the relationship of stars to planets, and about their relative distances. This activity is part of the "Cosmic Questions Educator's Guide" developed to support the Cosmic Questions exhibit. The activites in the guide can be used in conjunction with or independently of the exhibit. (View Less)
In this activity, students determine the direction to a gamma ray burst using the times it is detected by three different spacecraft located somewhere in the solar system. We assume that all the spacecraft are in the plane of the Earth's orbit... (View More) around the Sun; that is, there is no third dimension and that we are only concerned with two dimensions, x and y. We also assume the burst is billions of light years away, so the incoming gamma rays are traveling along parallel lines. This activity uses Gamma-ray Bursts as an engagement tool to teach selected topics in physical science and mathematics. In addition to the activities, the guide features background information, assessment information, student worksheets, extension and transfer activities, and detailed information about the physical science and mathematics content standards for grades 9-12. This is Activity 2 of 4 in the guide which accompanies the educational wall sheet titled Angling For Gamma-ray Bursts. (View Less)


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Opinion - Page 9
NFL Preview- Indianapolis Colts
Top Fifteen Stables in Wrestling- Number Two
NFL Preview- Pittsburgh Steelers
NFL Preview- Cleveland Browns
Top Fifteen Stables in Wrestling- Number Three
Our Number three stable of all-time catapulted World Championship Wrestling into the lead of the Monday Night Wars with the World Wrestling Federation before growing too big for its own good. While they had a huge part in WCW's success, they also played a massive in WCW's eventual demise and sale to WWF
NFL Preview- Baltimore Ravens
Continuing with the AFC North division, we head to the state of Maryland and the Baltimore Ravens. Other than the whole Ray Rice fiasco in the offseason and mere two-game suspension, the real story is continuing to find strong leadership on the field to replace Ray Lewis and Ed Reed
NFL Preview- Cincinnati Bengals
Continuing our NFL preview, we move on to the AFC North and the class of the division, the Cincinnati Bengals. Just three years, calling the Bengals the class of the division would have been a laughable proposition to make, but now they are coming off back-to-back playoff appearances and are primed to win this division again
Top Fifteen Stables in Wrestling- Number Four
No stable in the history of professional wrestling did better of representing the past, present, and future of the business than our fourth-best stable of all time. Their name perfectly stated what the stable was about, and, even after it was dissolved, the young members of the stable would evolve to reach the highest point in the World Wrestling Entertainment


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32 year old woman | Bethesda, MD, USA | Seeking men 31-39 within 60 miles
Ready For Love" I am ready for love / Why are you hiding from me / I'd quickly give my freedom / To be held in your captivity ~India Arie
Welcome I am not your typical female nor am I the type of female who is willing to be a housewife… just yet. I'm a young vibrant 30 year old. I enjoy going to the theaters with good company and some friends have even nicknamed me Spellberg because of the movie reviews I write and post after each showing. The Eagles are my favorite NFL team and The Heat are my favorite NBA team. My birds flew low last year but this year, they will be making some noise. The Heat has a power squad and will do it again this year. I enjoy cooking and trying new recipes. Yes, some of my dishes are "suspect" even to me but I have the basic southern dishes down to a science. Comedy shows, wine tasting events, and theme parks are also some of my interest. I enjoy laughing and try to keep a positive attitude all the time. YOLO (you only live once) is one of my current favorite acronyms. I like to think I have an adventurous side but I haven't really tapped into it yet. I have been sky diving, parasailing, snorkeling, and to a gun range several times but I know there's more out there for me to conquer. I am looking for a relationship and I don't believe in long distance relationship. The only exception to a long distance relationship would be if I was married and it became mandatory. I require time and attention but I am not looking for someone to smoother me. We all have lives and obligations that leave little to no time for the single life but if you are willing to dedicate your limited free time to me, I am willing to do the same. It doesn't take me more than 3 /- months to realize if a person is worthy of an exclusive relationship or dismissal. Daily texting and/or phone calls are needed but not required. I would be interested in a man who can communicate well, is open, hard working, and above all, can make me smile. Favorite Quote: The trials of life are a road map to wisdom, and life's struggles help build your strengths, pain establishes your endurance while the disappointments create humility, through all of the trials heartache, and rejection in life, it's easy to get discouraged, but these are meant to build character and mold identity, they teach you the lessons of life and this knowledge you must pass on to those that come after you
Alumni connections , Coffee and conversation , Business networking , Cooking , Dining out , Movies/Videos , Museums and art , Music and concerts , Nightclubs/Dancing , Performing arts , Playing cards , Playing sports , Religion/Spiritual , Travel/Sightseeing , Volunteering , Watching sports , Wine tasting
Basketball, Billiards / Pool, Bowling, Football, Other types of exercise, Swimming
I exercise 3-4 times per week.
I have Fish
The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
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|What she is looking for
|5'7" (170cms)
|5'7" (170cms) to 6'6" (198cms)
|Body type:
|About average
|About average, Athletic and toned, A few extra pounds
|No Way
|No Way
|Social Drinker
|Social Drinker
|Financial / Accounting / Real Estate
|No preference
|$75,001 to $100,000
|$75,001 to $100,000, $100,001 to $150,000, $150,001+
|Never Married
|Never Married
|Have kids:
|Yes, and they live at home (1)
|No preference
|Wants kids:
|Definitely, Someday
|Black / African descent, Native American, White / Caucasian
|No preference
|Christian / Other
|Christian / Catholic, Christian / Other
I was raised by southern parents who were both active in the Baptist church. I attend Church services regularly. I am looking for someone of Christian faith that was raised with a lot of the same beliefs, morals and values.
|Bachelors degree
|Bachelors degree, Graduate degree, PhD / Post Doctoral
I hold an Accounting degree and am a strong believer in higher education however, the lack of a degree does not exclude a man from being a prospect. I gravitate towards men with passion, drive, ambition and determination with or without a degree


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My name is Otter. I'm a handsome bunny boy who is ready to hop into your life and make you smile. I am about 3 years old. I'm fixed, friendly, and fun. I'm a perfect bunny for your family or your pretty fixed girl bunny. I don't mind being held or petted. In fact I love a good long massage. I can be playful and mellow and I have nice big ears so that I can listen to you when you want to sit down and chat with me. Come meet me and I'm sure you'll fall in love.
Very friendly
Frisky (does lots of binkies)
Handles well (doesn't kick too much when being handled)
Likes to be petted
Great with children
Cats ok (even tries to play with them!)
Gentlemen when it comes to his litter box
Loves fresh hay and tiny snacks-size portions of banana
This beautiful handcrafted vase is beige with terra cotta brown and cream colored accents in a swirling pattern. Vase has a matte finish. Would make a beautiful accent piece for any home, and would be perfect for displaying dried flowers, or branches of the season. Vase is signed by the artist on the base. Each piece is unique and slight variations in size, glaze and smoothness is part of the beauty of artisan pieces. Artist wished to remain anonymous.


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Seasoned Potato Pancakes
12 Oct 2009
Potato Pancakes is a mouth watering delicious side dish recipe. Try this Potato Pancakes; I bet you will surely get a huge fan following for this one!
|4 Medium
|1 Medium
|1 , lightly beaten
|1 Teaspoon
|1⁄4 Teaspoon
|1⁄4 Teaspoon (Preferably White)
|Baking soda
|1⁄2 Teaspoon
|Butter/Bacon fat
|1 Tablespoon
1. Wash the potatoes and peel them, then drop them into cold water. Let stand one or two hours or overnight, if desired.
2. Grate the potatoes with a fine grater and press the potatoes to squeeze out excess liquid. Peel and grate the onion into the potatoes and add the egg, seasonings and soda. Mix well.
3. Heat butter in a large skillet and add one spoonful of the mixture for each pancake. They should not be too thick. Cook gently until golden brown on the bottom, turn and brown the other side. Add more butter to the skillet and continue cooking the pancakes in this fashion until all the mixture is used.
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Seasoned Potato Pancakes Recipe


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The new study gives a nod in the direction of the UPSTF recommendations, but practitioners aren't necessarily ready to let go of the long-standing once-a-year recommendation.
Hubbard, an assistant investigator with Group Health Research Institute in Seattle, Wash., said she "definitely wouldn't make a specific recommendation for individual women. I feel it's really an individual choice where a woman needs to think about her own risk tolerance and also their own breast cancer risk."
"This gives women more information as to what the risks and benefits of mammography are," added Dr. Stephanie Bernik, chief of surgical oncology at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York City. "It's a personal choice as to whether or not you absolutely have to screen at 40. As breast surgeons, we're still going to advocate that mammograms start at 40."
A second study in the same journal issue looked at more than 800,000 U.S. women screened from 2000 to 2006 and found that newer digital mammography and older film mammography were similarly accurate in finding cancer in women ages 50 through 79.
But in premenopausal women in their 40s, who tend to have denser breast tissue, digital mammography performed better. Again, though, the risk of false-positives was higher than with film mammography.
"There was a trade-off here as well," said Hubbard, who was also an author of this study. "In general, in women aged 50 to 79 the two modalities performed pretty equivalently, but in younger women the sensitivity of digital mammography was a little bit better so it found more cancers, but there was also a bigger decrease in specificity [resulting in more false-positives]."
More information
The U.S. National Cancer Institute has more on
|Copyright©2010 ScoutNews,LLC.
All rights reserved


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RTG Radio
Recommended Stations
Daily Schedule
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- Acapulco, GR, Mexico
- Variety , Spanish Talk , Government
- Spanish
Monte Blanco No. 37 Fracc. Hornos Insurgentes, 39350 Acapulco
+52 800 723 8874
- Visit the station website Email the station Suggest an update


text:
Toshiba launches "world's first" laptop with 512GB SSD
Toshiba has announced the world's first notebook with a 512GB solid-state drive. The machine is available today from Toshiba's shop - but it's limited to the Japanese market for the time being.
The dynabook SS RX2/WAJ also contains a 12-hour battery, low-voltage CPU and "transreflective" LCD, which uses sunlight to make the screen more visible, rather than less. It measures 19.5mm to 25.5mm and weighs 1kg.
Solid state drives don't have any moving parts, in contrast with HDDs. Toshiba claims that the 512GB model in its dynabook boosts access speeds by 300% for read and 250% for write. The main drawback is the price - expect this machine to cost several thousand pounds.


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[PDF][JRR TOLKIEN] History of Middle Earth (All 12 Vols.) [ENGLISH EBOOK
seeders: 7
leechers: 0
[PDF][JRR TOLKIEN] History of Middle Earth (All 12 Vols.) [ENGLISH EBOOK (Size: 22.67 MB)
1. The Book of Lost Tales 1 (1983)
2. The Book of Lost Tales 2 (1984)
3. The Lays of Beleriand (1985)
4. The Shaping of Middle-earth (1986)
5. The Lost Road and Other Writings (1987)
6. The Return of the Shadow (1988)
7. The Treason of Isengard 1989)
8. The War of the Ring (1990)
9. Sauron Defeated (1992)
10. Morgoth's Ring (1993)
11. The War of the Jewels (1994)
12. The Peoples of Middle-earth (1996)
In one PDF.
More of JRR Tolkien:
The Hobbit and the Lord of the rings
The Silmarillion
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RFarinaccio26 • 02 October 2014, 22:20 Show comment
This is horrible! The PDFs are so badly edited you can't read. It's a crap!
anonymous • 27 August 2014, 19:14 Show comment
Can you please upload each individual ebook? I do not like one pdf of every book, it makes it too long and discourages me form reading it. It also takes up too much space.
Bayfia23.96K • 21 April 2014, 19:40
Show comment
Thank you for sharing this with us. I have to agree with Mithranthir (Mithrandir) here ... I'd like to see the dictionary and appentices, and the maps. But I'm glad to have what you've provided in any case.
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Bayfia23.96K, hellanga6076, silverfox-19494823, kayoz252974, Indulgencex2340, ProdigalDummy2066, bala989997, AV13242, aneyla135, QueenOfHearts118 ... And 69 more
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now 2nd step
View Single Post
Registered User
Join Date: Nov 2002
Location: Oslo, Norway
Posts: 2
installing Windows + Linux
just read trough the thread, and I just wanna give U one good advice.
This is valid for Mandrake 9.0 combined with any windows version or even DOS.
I've been installing Linux several times trying to have my machine dual boot into either Windows or Linux (actually I've been experimenting with triple and quad boot as well, if that's what one could call adding more OSystems, ha ha)
Make sure your bios is set to booting from CD as first choice, and your MASTER ("win"c: drive)disk as second boot choice.
After installing windows U have to set the disk that is dedicated to Linux as MASTER on your Primary IDE controller(and connect the windows disk as slave on the same controller).
When U do that and install Mandrake 9.0, Mandrake will automatically recognise the Win boot sector for your slave (containing any Win installation) and auto configure the bootloader with an option to boot into windows (this works, I did it 4 days ago)
What happens if U don't do that :
If your Linux disk still is connected as slave during installation, Linux have to put it's boot sector on the MASTER disk of the PRIMARY IDE controller, this means that your Windows boot sector is being overwritten, which really isn't that bad... until U wanna go back to only having Windows as an OS on your beloved computer. U can format your Linux drive as much as U want afterwords boot LILO or GRUB (depending on which boot loader you choose) will still come up when you boot your windows drive... That's actually the best that can happen, the worst case is that your windows disk even might get unbootable and U have to reinstall...
If U do it the way i described just before, U can when ever U want to just swith back your Windows drive and Linux drive, setting the Windows drive as MASTER on your PRIMARY IDE controller and the computer will boot into windosw only, as if there was never any other OS there...
I was kind of in the same situation as U before I converted to Linux, I wanted to dual boot + being able to delete Linux again if I wasn't satisfied, and I did it wrong so many times, and ended up having to reinstall windows again, whih is really anoying, so I ended up putting a lot of effort into this dual boot thing and how to get it "right"...
I've got several more ways for U to do this, but if you're a newbie to this dualboot thing, I see this solution as the safest and easiest one
good luck man,
and may Tux b with U
View Public Profile
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The Hotel Modern, Warehouse District
Southern hospitality runs deep at this sleek new address. Inside, boutique hotelier Klaus Ortlieb has aimed for a relaxed, guesthouse feel, replacing the formal reception desk check-in with sinking sofas and champagne on arrival. Cool and contemporary interiors in the 135 bedrooms blend freshly cut flowers with light lilac walls and antique paintings that add character. By night, there's music and live burlesque at the Bellocq cocktail lounge and Louisiana shrimp to sample at the acclaimed Tamarind restaurant.
The Hotel Modern, 936 Saint Charles Avenue (001 504 962 0900; thehotelmodern.com). Doubles start at $95 (£63), room only.
© independent.co.uk


text:
Scotty Gore
Billy Warlock's 'World' Brings Him to Llanview
on Tuesday, July 20, 2010 @ 1:10 PM
Tuesday, July 20, 2010 at 2:10 PM ET by Scotty GorePhoto: NBC(SoapOperaNetwork.com) -- The soap veteran joins the cast of "One Life to Live" in the recasted role of Ross Rayburn. According to Soap Opera Digest, Warlock, whose most recent soap stint was as Anthony Blackthorn on "As the World Turns," began taping his scenes at the "OLTL" studios yesterday, July 19th. This was after "One Life" learned that Michael Lowry, who portrayed Ross off and on for the past year, was unavailable to reprise the role due to scheduling conflicts. The role was originated by Shawn Christopher in 2002. The actor is...
OLTL Teasers: Week of July 19 Edition
on Monday, July 19, 2010 @ 8:00 PM
Monday, July 19, 2010 9:00 PM ET by Scotty GorePhoto: Donna Svennevik/ABC(SoapOperaNetwork.com) -- "One Life to Live" Teasers and Episode Titles for the Week of July 19, 2010. ONE LIFE TO LIVE: TeasersMonday: Title Not Available -- Viki and Charlie realize their plan is working out quite as expected. Dorian is surprised to find Viki and David in bed together. Natalie and Jessica remain ill, and decide to head for the ER. Layla catches her mother about to burn Evangeline's living will. Natalie and Jessica accuse David of trying to poison them. Langston decides she has no right to judge...
OLTL Recap: Monday, July 19, 2010
on Monday, July 19, 2010 @ 5:00 PM
Monday, July 19, 2010 6:00 PM ET | By Scotty Gore(SoapOperaNetwork.com) -- "One Life to Live" Episode Recap - Monday, July 19, 2010. IT HAPPENED TODAY... Langston inadvertently interrupts Dorian and Charlie in a kiss and argues she's in no position to judge her mother after cheating on Markko. Dorian walks in on David and Viki in bed. Jessica and Natalie spot David's muffins and accuse him of having poisoned them. When Jessica continues to be sick, Natalie insists that they have to see a doctor and they go to the ER. After a disagreement with her daughter, Layla's mother burns Evangeline's living...
OLTL Quick Peeks: Week of July 19 Edition
on Monday, July 19, 2010 @ 12:00 AM
Photo: ABCMonday, July 19, 2010 at 1:00 AM ET by Scotty Gore (SoapOperaNetwork.com) -- "One Life to Live" Quick Peeks for the Week of July 19, 2010. ONE LIFE TO LIVE: Quick PeeksMonday: (Episode #10730) -- Charlie and Viki realize their plan is going to work. Dorian finds David in bed with Viki. Natalie and Jessica arrive at the hospital. (Rated: TVPG)Tuesday: (Episode #10731) -- Starr and Langston get all caught up. Layla holds her sister's life in her hands. Natalie and Jessica receive some shocking news. (Rated: TVPG)Wednesday: (Episode #10732) -- Natalie and Jessica are keeping secrets. Gigi goes...
AMC Quick Peeks: Week of July 19 Edition
on Monday, July 19, 2010 @ 12:00 AM
Photo: ABCMonday, July 19, 2010 at 1:00 AM ET by Scotty Gore (SoapOperaNetwork.com) -- "All My Children" Quick Peeks for the Week of July 19, 2010. ALL MY CHILDREN: Quick PeeksMonday: (Episode #10418) -- Tad asks Liza a question. Scott makes an assumption about Annie. Damon's anger boils over. (Rated: TVPG L)Tuesday: (Episode #10419) -- Annie contemplates becoming Annie's "other woman." Madison has a confession to make. Frakie talks to David about Greenlee. (Rated: TVPG)Wednesday: (Episode #10420) -- Annie gets a marriage proposal. Damon is caught red-handed. Tad gets a confession from Liza. (Rated: TVPG)Thursday: (Episode #10421) -- Ryan is in...
GH Quick Peeks: Week of July 19 Edition
on Monday, July 19, 2010 @ 12:00 AM
Photo: ABCMonday, July 19, 2010 at 1:00 AM ET by Scotty Gore (SoapOperaNetwork.com) -- "General Hospital" Quick Peeks for the Week of July 19, 2010. GENERAL HOSPITAL: Quick PeeksMonday: (Episode #12102) --Dante needs Claire's help. Liz's newborn's braclet holds a secret. Spinelli opens up to Sam. (Rated: TVPG L)Tuesday: (Episode #12103) -- Lulu adds to Carly's rage. Michael gets into a scuffle while doing community service. Claire and Sonny discuss Franco. (Rated: TVPG L)Wednesday: (Episode #12104) -- The hospital is placed on lockdown. Nik, Liz, and Lucky confront Helena. Warren lashes out at Kristina. (Rated: TVPG L)Thursday: (Episode #12105) -- Jason learns something...
One Life at a Glance: July 19 Edition
on Sunday, July 18, 2010 @ 10:00 PM
Photo: Donna Svennevik/ABCSunday, July 18, 2010 at 11:00 PM ET by Scotty Gore (SoapOperaNetwork.com) -- Natalie fears her future this week on "One Life to Live." ONE LIFE TO LIVE: At a GlanceHow will Jessica and Natalie react upon learning they're pregnant?Monday: (Episode 201003/4303/03) -- Charlie tells Viki their plan is going south. Dorian walks in on David and Viki in bed. Jessica and Natalie end up in the ER. Tuesday: (Episode 201004/4304/04) -- Langston and Starr reconnect. Evangeline's life rests in Layla's hands. Jessica and Natalie get surprising news.Wednesday: (Episode 20105/4305/05) -- Jessica and Natalie are not honest with one another. ...
Tika Sumpter Bumped to Recurring Status with 'OLTL'
on Sunday, July 18, 2010 @ 1:10 PM
Sunday, July 17, 2010 at 2:10 PM ET by Scotty GorePhoto: Donna Svennevik/ABC(SoapOperaNetwork.com) -- In a message to her fans on her Facebook page, the actress reveals that she has asked to be taken off contract with "One Life to Live" because she "decided this because it's just time to move on...and time to try other things." The news may seem like déjà vu, given that there were rumors to that effect earlier this year that were quickly denied by the Sumpter. However, this time around the news came straight from the actress herself. In a video message to her fans on Friday, Sumpter explains that her decision to be...
OLTL Recap: Friday, July 16, 2010
on Friday, July 16, 2010 @ 5:00 PM
Friday, July 16, 2010 6:00 PM ET | By Scotty Gore(SoapOperaNetwork.com) -- "One Life to Live" Episode Recap - Friday, July 16, 2010. IT HAPPENED TODAY... Viki and Charlie put their plan to make Dorian and David jealous into motion. Cole tries to get the truth from Hannah about her insanity defense, but Hannah isn't forthcoming. James comes clean with Starr that he started to feel something for her when they were on the run. Dani and Nate are met by Nate's mother Inez, who insists on returning the money. She gives the check to a nurse, asking for it to be...
OLTL PreVUE: Week of July 19 Edition
on Friday, July 16, 2010 @ 7:00 AM
Friday, July 16, 2010 at 8:00 AM ET by Scotty GorePhoto: Yolanda Perez/ABC(SoapOperaNetwork.com) — A look at what's happening on "One Life to Live" during the week of July 19, 2010. THIS WEEK ON: ONE LIFE TO LIVE Langston walks in on Dorian and Charlie kissing, but decides that she's in no position to judge anyone after her fling with Markko. Dorian catches David and Viki in the sack together on Monday, July 19. Viki and Charlie are forced to admit that they have been trying to push the two old flames back together again. After agreeing that their plan was a total...
Advertisers Mourn Alongside Soap Fans
on Friday, July 16, 2010 @ 12:36 AM
OLTL Recap: Thursday, July 15, 2010
on Thursday, July 15, 2010 @ 5:00 PM
Thursday, July 15, 2010 6:00 PM ET | By Scotty Gore(SoapOperaNetwork.com) -- "One Life to Live" Episode Recap - Thursday, July 15, 2010. IT HAPPENED TODAY... Danielle tells Nate that the charges against Todd were dropped. Markko tells Langston that he accepted a scholarship to UCLA. Téa thinks Todd wants to marry her only because she is dying and Todd admits that Téa is the love of his life. Viki calls Charlie and tells him she isn't sure she can go through with their plan. Viki tells David that she wants him to model some swimsuits for The Banner's style section. Matthew admits to Destiny that...
'One Life to Live' Celebrates 42 Years
on Thursday, July 15, 2010 @ 2:30 PM
Thursday, July 15, 2010 at 3:30 PM ET by Scotty GorePhoto: ABC(SoapOperaNetwork.com) -- "One Life to Live" celebrates 42 years of delivering drama, passion, and romance to millions of viewers.Editors Note: I first wrote the following article in celebration of "One Life to Live's" 39th anniversary in 2007. I am re-posting it again this year, in honor of the show's 42nd anniversary. Only slight revisions to the original article have been made, mainly in the last paragraph, to reflect events during which occurred during the past two years, including "OLTL's" 40th anniversary in July 2008, at which time SON posted several...


text:
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You can now invite anyone to meet at your favorite Starbucks.
Limited-time feature
43 year old woman | Colorado Springs, CO, USA | Seeking men 37-50
DI like to be around my family and friends. I get along with pretty much everybody. Not too crazy about people who are full of themselves. I would like somebody who is honest, outgoing and just fun to be around. I have three kids, two boys and one girl. My one son is starting his third year at DU and my other one is starting to go to CU Boulder next week. So it is only my daughter, two dogs and a cats left....I started to go back to school myself and not sure if I like it. I am German but lived in Colorado Springs since 2003 and dont want to go back because of my kids, it they were still small I would move back. Not sure what else to write at this time, so just ask away....Ohhh, and I just finished my scuba lessons and my son and I are going to skydiving, which I never thought I would ever do,,
Camping , Cooking , Dining out , Movies/Videos , Music and concerts , Exploring new areas , Nightclubs/Dancing , Playing cards , Playing sports
Aerobics, Auto racing / Motorcross, Cycling, Walking / Hiking, Weights / Machines
I exercise 3-4 times per week.
I have Cats, Dogs
I have two dogs and once in a while they will have puppies. We somehow always end up with some cats.. Right now we have two but I don't have litter boxes they have to go outside.
Middle of the Road
Like I said if I ever go out I like SSJ or to the movies. Favorite restaurant is PFCHANG..
2.5 men, Ellen, modern family, private practice, brothers and sisters are some of my favorite shows!
I love spending time with my kids and friends. I like to go to the movies or sometimes to SSJ. I love to stay in contact with friends thru fb...
Living successfully with Screwed Up People, wich is actually a really good book..lol
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
|What she is looking for
|5'10" (177cms)
|5'11" (180cms) to 6'5" (195cms)
|Body type:
|About average
|No preference
|No preference
|No preference
|No Way
|No preference
|Social Drinker
|No preference
|Administrative / Secretarial
|No preference
I was a stay at home mom, best job in the world. Have a degree in german government but doesnt count in the USA
|I'll tell you later
|No preference
|No preference
|Have kids:
|Yes, and they live at home (3)
|No preference
|Wants kids:
|Probably not
|No preference
|White / Caucasian
|No preference
|I'll tell you later
|No preference
|English, German
|Some college
|No preference


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You won't be able to dismiss this by usual means (escape or click button), but you can close it programatically based on user choices or actions.
"This is a great print and the dark colors I chose (majestic + rich red) came out beautifully together. The text is clean and clear, the textured paper gives it a nice feel, and the size is perfect. It was easy to customize and came quickly."
"I literally went through different photos of my fiancé and I until I found one that would fit. And once I decided on a picture I wanted to find a layout that would match. And I must say the one we picked went perfect with what we were looking for."
"We love these save the dates, they are such good quality. We chose the purple colour and paid the extra for rounded edges and the pearl white shimmer which I think was worth it. We didn't pay for extra thick cardboard but I don't think you need it. They are printed on nice cardboard as it is. We have had so many compliments about our save the dates, definitely getting the matching invitations! And these are SO much cheaper then anywhere else you look. Thank you so much WPD"
"The foil on this card was very gold and shiny. Cards were slightly smaller than I expected but really that was my ignorance. I changed the fonts to better fit the modern style of the card. Overall a great card for a modern bride."
"We love our save the dates and plan to use this design for all our invitations, etc. Being an older couple (late 40's) planning a second wedding, we've been trying to find a look that was elegant but not too formal and weren't interested in using photos. These are perfect! The design is so lovely and has the look of a painted canvas, and the quality of the paper was top notch and reasonably priced. An excellent product!"