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A complex computing system has a plurality of nodes interconnected by channels through which data messages are exchanged. The underlying principle is that after arrival at a node of a message, delivery of that message is delayed until after delivery and consequences of all more senior messages which affect the node. The messages are progressively timestamped at each node so that each time stamp contains generation by generation indicators of the origin of the associated message. The seniority of that message is uniquely determined thereby and total ordering of the messages can be achieved. When comparing timestamps for such ordering, comparison of respective generation indicators is necessary only until there is a distinction.
1. A complex computing system comprising:
a plurality of nodes connected to each other by channels along which time stamped data messages are sent and received, each timestamp being indicative, generation by generation, of its seniority acquired through its ancestors' arrival in the system and in any upstream nodezs, and each node including:
means for storing each input data message,
means for determining the seniority of input data messages by progressive comparison of respective generations in the timestamups until a first distinction exists,
means for delivering the input data messages for processing,
means for applying a timestamp to each output message derived from such processing comprising an immediately ancestral message's timestamp augmented by a new generation seniority indicator consistent with the ordering, and
means for outputting such ordered and timestamped messages.
2. A complex computing system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the means for delivering is arranged to deliver messages in order according to which message has the most senior timestamp indicator.
3. A complex computing system as claimed in claim 1, wherein for a data message received from outside the system, an initial timestamp indicator includes an indication of a time of receipt of said data message at the node.
4. A complex computing system as claimed in claim 1, wherein for a data message generated by a node of the system, a new generation seniority indicator of the timestamp includes an indication of the place of said data message in the ordered sequence of such messages at said node.
5. A complex computing system as claimed in claim 1, wherein monotonic integers are utilized as said generation seniority indicators in the timestamps.
6. A complex computing system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the means for delivering of a node delivers data messages only once a message has been received on each input channel of said node.
7. A complex computing system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the means for delivering of a node delivers data messages only when at least one data message received on each input channel of said node is stored in the storage means.
8. A complex computing system as claimed in claim 6, wherein each node is adapted to perform at least one channel flushing routine triggerable by lack or paucity of channel traffic.
9. A complex computing system as claimed in claim 1, wherein all data messages caused by a first data message anywhere in the system are delivered to a node before any messages caused by a second data message, junior to the first data message, are delivered to said node.
10. A method of ordering data messages within a complex computing system comprising a plurality of nodes connected to each other by channels along which data messages are sent and received, the method comprising, for each node, timestamping each message on arrival, queuing messages until a message has been received on each input channel to the node, and delivering the queued messages for processing sequentially in accordance with their timestamps, the message having a most senior timestamp being delivered first, wherein timestamping at each node is cumulative so that a timestamp of a particular message indicates a seniority acquired by that message, generation by generation, and wherein the seniority of one message against another is determined by a progressive comparison of respective generations in the timestamps until a first distinction exists.
11. A complex computing system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the system is either a distributed computing system, a symmetric multi-processor computer, or a massively parallel processor computer.
This invention relates to complex computing systems. It was developed primarily to answer a problem with distributed systems, but it has been realised that it is equally applicable to systems which, are not normally considered to be distributed, such as a multi-processor computer. Although their physical separation may be negligible, nonetheless the processors are distinct and form a "distributed" system within the computer to which this invention is applicable.
A landmark paper on distributed systems is that of Lamport ("Time, Clocks and the Ordering of Events in a Distributed System"—Communications of the ACM Vol. 21 No. 7, 1978 pp 558-565). In that, a distributed system is defined as a collection of distinct processes which are spatially separated and which communicate with one another by exchanging messages, and in which the message transmission delay is not negligible compared to the time between events in a single process. In such a system, it is sometimes impossible to say that one of two events occurred first, Lamport proposed a logical clock to achieve a partial ordering of all the events, and he postulated a single integer timestamp on each message, corresponding to the time the message was sent.
Fridge (in "Logical Time in Distributed Computing Systems"—IEEE Computer 24(8) August 1991 pp 28-33) argued that the time stamps of Lamport clocks (totally ordered logical clocks) impose on unrelated concurrent events an arbitrary ordering, so that the observer cannot distinguish from genuine causal relationships. He proposed partially ordered time readings and timestamping rules which enable a causal relationship between two events to be established. Their order could then be determined. But where there is no causal relationship between events, no definitive order exists, and different total orderings of events (or interleavings) are possible. This means that some messages are assigned an arbitrary order.
This ordering problem is known as the "race condition problem" and it can be illustrated by a simple analogy. A dictates a first message to secretary B, who faxes the typed version to C. A telephones C with a second message. Unless ordered, the communication system will not know whether the first or second message reached C first, although it will know that the dictation preceded the fax.
It is the aim of this invention to resolve this problem and to allow someone to programme a distributed system as if he was programming a uni-processor. In other words, he can think about time linearly and he will not have to be concerned about concurrency or the race condition problem.
According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided a complex computing system comprising a plurality of nodes connected to each other by channels along which timestamped data messages are sent and received, each timestamp being indicative, generation by generation, of its seniority acquired through its ancestors, arrival in the system and in any upstream nodes, and each node comprising: means; for storing each input data message, means for determining the seniority of input data messages by progressive comparison of respective generations in the timestamps until the first distinction exists, means for delivering these messages for processing, means for applying a timestamp to each output message derived from such processing comprising the immediately ancestral message's timestamp augmented by a new generation seniority indicator consistent with the ordering, and means for outputting such ordered and timestamped messages.
The delivery means will generally be arranged to deliver messages in order according to which message has the most senior timestamp indicator.
For a data message received from outside the system the initial timestamp indicator will preferably include an indication of the time of receipt of said data message at the node, while for a data message generated by a node of the system the new generation seniority indicator of the timestamp will preferably include an indication of the place of said data message in the ordered sequence of such messages at said node. This indication may be real time or logical time.
Conveniently, monotonic integers are utilised as said generation seniority indicators in the timestamps.
Advantageously, the delivery means of a node delivers data messages only either once a message has been received on each of the input channels of said node or when at least one data message received on each of the input channels of said node is stored in the storage means.
Preferably each node will be adapted to perform at least one channel flushing routine triggerable by lack or paucity of channel traffic.
Ideally, all data messages caused by a first data message anywhere in the system will be delivered to a node before any messages caused by a second data message, junior to the first data message, are delivered to said node.
According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of ordering data messages within a complex computing system comprising a plurality of nodes connected to each other by channels along which data messages are sent and received, the method comprising, for each node, timestamping each message on arrival, queuing messages until a message has been received on each input channel to the node, and delivering the queued messages for processing sequentially in accordance with their timestamps, the message having the most senior timestamp being delivered first, wherein the timestamping at each node is cumulative so that the timestamp of a particular message indicates the seniority acquired by that message, generation by generation, and wherein the seniority of one message against another is determined by the progressive comparison of respective generations in the timestamps until the first distinction exists.
According to a further aspect of the present invention there is provided a complex computing system comprising a plurality of nodes between which data messages are exchanged, wherein after the arrival at a node of a message, delivery of the message by the node is delayed until after the delivery and consequences of all more senior messages which affect the node.
Such a system may be either a distributed computing system, a symmetric multi-processor computer, or a massively parallel processor computer.
To understand later explanations, certain assumptions about a distributed computing system will be set out.
Such a system is a set of nodes or processes connected by FIFO (first in, first out) channels. Conventionally, 'nodes' refer to the hardware and 'processes' to the software and operations performed at the nodes, but the terms may be used interchangeably here. Some of these processes have external channels through which they communicate with the system's environment, the whole system being driven by input messages through some external channels, and sending out an arbitrary number of consequential output messages through other external channels.
Each process can be regarded as an application layer and a presentation layer, which handle the following events:
(a) Message arrival (at the presentation layer)
(b) Message delivery (from presentation to application layer)
(c) Message send request (from application to presentation layer)
(d) Message send (from presentation layer)
(e) Message processing complete (from application to presentation layer).
At any event (b), the application layer
i) generates one or more events (c)
ii) changes the process state, and
iii) generates event (e)—which indicates that it is ready to receive a further message.
A set of such events will be termed a message handler invocation. Such invocations are the basic building blocks or atomic units of a distributed system, and a process history is a sequence of such invocations. Each invocation may affect subsequent invocations by changing the internal state of the process.
At the application layer, the channels are simplex. However, auxiliary messages, from one presentation layer to the other, are allowed in both directions.
There will be a global real-time clock, accessible from anywhere in the system. It is required only to be locally monotonic increasing, and there will be some bound on the difference between two simultaneous readings on the clock in different processes.
The FIFO channels are static.
Processes do not generate messages spontaneously.
Each message in the system has exactly one destination.
(These last three assumptions are working hypotheses which will be relaxed later).
Finally, for initial consideration, there are no loops in the possible dataflows. This will be discussed further below.
The aim is to achieve a total ordering of the set of messages in the system. If messages are delivered to every process in time order and messages are sent along every channel in time order then the system is said to obey "the time model". A total ordering of the set of messages is equivalent to an infective mapping from the set of messages in the system to a totally ordered set (the time-line).
In this specification "<" will signify, in the relationship mp<mq, that message mp precedes message mq in the total order. This gives the first principle of the time model: there is a unique time for everything. Such a time is simply a label useful for evaluating the time order relationiship between messages, and does not have any necessary relationship with real time.
The relation "<" is based on two partial order relatioins, "", (sent before) and "→" (strong causality), as explained below.
For any two external input messages, m0 and m1, either m0m1 or m1m0. This is given by the environment, typically by the clock time of message arrival. In other words, external input messages are totally ordered with respect to .
If message send requests for messages m0 and m1 occur during the same invocation at the behest of some third message, the send request for m0 being before m1, then m0m1.
"→" is the least partial order such that if the message send request for m1 occurs during the invocation in response to m0, then m0→m1. (i.e. a message strongly causes any messages sent by its handler).
The total order relation "<" is determined by the following axioms:
If m0m1 then m0<m1.
If m0→m1 then m0<m1.
If m0m1, m0→m′0 then m′0<m1.
The first two axioms correspond to Lamport's axioms; the third, the strong causality axiom, is the heart of the time model of the present proposal.
The idea behind the strong causality axiom is the following: if a process or the system's environment sends two messages (m0 and m1), one after another, then any consequence (m′0) of the first message (m0) should happen before the second message (M1) and any of its consequences.
This gives the second principle of the time model: there is enough time for everything (i.e. enough time for all remote consequences to happen before the next local event).
For a better understanding of the invention reference will now be made, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the total ordering of messages,
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a process with its time service,
FIG. 3 illustrates a message sequence of the time service,
FIG. 4 shows a network of processes, to explain channel flushing,
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing channel flushing messages and the structure of time service,
FIG. 6 illustrates a message sequence of channel flushing,
FIG. 7 shows a bus,
FIG. 8 shows a delay,
FIG. 9 shows a false loop, and
FIG. 10 comprises diagrams of feedback through a bus.
Referring to FIG. 1, the diagram can be likened to a tree on its side with its root (to the left) representing the system's environment which generates external messages. The nodes (the vertical lines) are message handler invocations and the arrowed horizontal lines represent messages.
Using this tree it is easy to reconstruct the message relations. For example, a→b because b was sent while a was handled; bc because b was sent before c in the same invocation. Also, a→f and xz as these relations are transitive. f and e are incomparable under both "" and "→"; nevertheless f<e. To compare two messages with respect to the total order relation "<" one has to trace paths from the root to these messages. There can be three possible cases, which correspond to the three axioms. They are shown by the following three examples taken from FIG. 1:
c lies on the path of d, hence, c→d and therefore c<d.
x and z have the same path, but x is sent before z, so xz and x<z.
f and e have the same path prefix, but then their paths fork, and b (with b→f) is sent before c (with c→e) which means bc, so f<c<e, giving f<e.
If a distributed system follows this time model, i.e. if messages are delivered to each process in this order, and sent down each channel in this order, then the system's behaviour will be deterministic, independent of the speed of processes and channels.
A possible time-line from which each message can be given a unique time is the set of sequences of integers. These are ordered using the standard dictionary ordering.
The path from the root to a message fully identifies the message position in the total order relation "<". This path can be codified as a representation of time in the distriLbuted system. The names of processes along the path are immaterial the only information needed is the relative order of the message ancestors at each process and the order of the initial external messages. So, in FIG. 1, the time can be represented by an array of integers, e.g. [1,2,3,1,2] for e, [2,3] for z, [2,2,2,1,1] for y. However, since the system's environment may be distributed, it could be difficult to assign unique integers to each external message. A possible solution is to use real clock values combined with an external input identifier, this requiring that at every external input all real clock readings are unique and grow monotonically.
The following C++ class can be used for time:
The more processes handle a message, the longer its path grows. Potentially, if there is a cycle in the system, paths can become arbitrarily long.
The implementation should use (when possible) dynamic allocation to avoid the arbitrary upper limit on path
Each node or message handler invocation in the distributed system is structured as shown in FIG. 2. All functionality related to support for the time model resides in the time service, so that a process does not know anything about the time model. Each time it finishes handling a message it informs its time service (Done signal or event (e) above). The time service has a local clock T of type TTime which is updated whenever a message is received or sent by its process. Initially the local clock has a value given by a default constructor and it is kept and used even while the process is idle.
The "timestamp assigner" at the border with the system's environment has a real clock synchronized with the clocks of all other timestamp assigners, and a unique input identifier. 'Synchronized' here is understood to mean adequately synchronized, for example by means of the network time protocol as described in the Internet Engineering Task Force's Network Working Group's Request for Comments 1305 entitled 'Network Time Protocol (Version 3) Specification, Implementation and Analysis' by David L Mills of the Univ. of Delaware published by the IETF in March 1992. Each time an external message enters the system it gets a unique timestamp constructed from these two values (see the second constructor of TTime). It is assumed that the real clock progresses between each two messages.
Input messages are not delivered to the process until there are messages present on all inputs. Once this condition holds, the local clock is set to the timestamp of the most senior message, the new process is added to the path, and the most senior message is delivered. Every output message sent by the process while handling this input is timestamped by the time service with the current value of the local clock; and then the clock is incremented. The next message can be delivered only after the process explicitly notifies the time service that it has finished with the previous one, is idle and waiting (Done). The corresponding message sequence is shown in FIG. 3. The basic algorithm Alg. 1 of the time service is shown in the table below.
This algorithm ensures that input messages are delivered to each process in the order of their timestamps, and that output messages are sent by each process in the order of their timestamps. Thus, the time service as described above fully implements the time model.
However, a distributed system containing a cycle will not work, as all time services in the cycle will always be missing at least one input message. Also, rare messages, either on an external input or on an internal process-to-process connection, may significantly slow down the whole system.
Channel flushing can solve both these problems. Channel flushing is a mechanism for ensuring that a message can be accepted. The principle is to send auxiliary messages that enable the time service to prove that no message will arrive which is earlier than one awaiting delivery. Hence the waiting message can be delivered.
There are two kinds, namely 'sender channel flushing', in which the sending end initiates channel flushing when the channel has been left unused for too long, and 'receiver channel flushing', in which the receiving end initiates channel flushing when it has an outstanding message that has been awaiting delivery for too long.
Receiver channel flushing will be considered first, in conjunction with FIG. 4. For simplicity, timestamps and clocks are represented by single integers.
Suppose for a certain period of time the two lower inputs of the process C are empty while there is a message with timestamp 23 waiting on the upper input. The time service of C wants to deliver the message as soon as possible, but it cannot do so until it proves that those messages that will eventually arrive on the empty inputs will have greater timestamps.
To prove it, C sends a channel flushing request "May I accept a message of time 23?" to B and F, both of which have to forward this request deeply into the system, until either a positive or negative response can be given. In fact, to verify that C can accept the message with the timestamp 23 in FIG. 4, it is enough to ask only the processes shown, since all inputs to the diagram are at times later than 23.
The algorithm described below is a straightforward implementation of channel flushing. All channels in the system (which actually connect the time services of the processes) are bi-directional, since, besides the normal uni-directional messages, the channel flushing messages are sent along them in the reverse direction. These messages and the structure of the time service are shown in FIG. 5.
The general idea is that each time the time service discovers that there are input messages waiting while some inputs are empty, it sets a flush timer. On the timeout event it starts the channel flush. It sends flush requests to all empty inputs, creates a (local) request record with the list of these inputs, and then waits for responses. If positive responses come from all inputs, the oldest message is delivered. If a negative response comes on any input the flush is cleared and re-scheduled.
Requests from other time services are handled in the following way. First, the time service tries to reply using its local information (its local clock and the timestamps of waiting messages). If it is unable to do so, it creates a (remote) request record and forwards the request to all empty inputs. If all responses are positive, so is the one to the remote requester. Otherwise, the response is No.
The algorithm Alg. 2 is presented in a table below. Again, the time service has two states: Idle and Handling Message. While in the latter state, the time service is only serving process output messages, whereas in the Idle state it does all channel flushing work for both itself and other processes. <t, Path, Inputs>represents a request record. [] is an empty path. New, Delete and Find are operations over an array of request records that maintain the local state of the receiver channel flush algorithm. P is the identifier of this process. T is the local clock.
To illustrate the work of the algorithm, consider the example in FIG. 4 in conjunction with one possible channel flushing message sequence as shown in FIG. 6. "?" denotes here "Your Next Time?", "Y" stands for Yes, and "N" for No. Sets near the vertical axes represent the sets of processes from which responses are still wanted (Inputs in the above terminology). "ok" means that a process is sure it will not be sending anything older than the timestamp of the request, (i.e. 23). "loop" means that a process has found itself in the return path of the request.
It is evident that the channel flushing procedure consists of two waves: a fanning out request wave and a fanning in response wave. The request wave turns back and becomes the response wave as soon as the information needed for the initial request is found.
The "timestamp assigner" at the border with the environment treats the channel flushing request in the following way.
Sender channel flushing is conceptually simpler, and significantly more efficient than receiver channel flushing, although it does not provide a solution to the loop problem.
In sender channel flushing, each output channel of each process has a timeout associated with it. This timeout is reset each time a message is sent down the channel. The timeout can be either a logical timeout (i.e. triggered by some incoming message with a sufficiently later timestamp) or a physical timeout. If the timeout expires before being reset then a sender channel flush is initiated down that channel. The channel flush consists of a 'non-message' which is sent down the output channel. The receiver can use it to advance the time of the channel by allowing the time service to accept earlier messages waiting on other channels. When the non-message is the next message to be accepted, then the time service simply discards it. However, the non-message, by advancing the receiver's local clock, can cause logical timeouts on output channels of the receiver; hence causing a cascading sender channel flush.
The timestamp assigners also participate in sender channel flush; they have to use a physical timeout. In general, using both sender and receiver channel flushes is recommended; preferably with some sender channel flushes piggy backed upon receiver channel flush response messages.
To provide usable middleware implementing the time model it is necessary to relax some of the more restrictive assumptions about the system being built. Three special processes that need to be created and integrated with such middleware are now considered, as is a full treatment of loops in the dataflow.
The Bus
The bus is a process that allows multiple output ports from any number of processes to be connected to multiple input ports on other processes. The term 'bus' is taken from Harrison (A Novel Approach to Event Correlation, Hewlett-Packard Laboratories Report No. HPL-94-68 Bristol UK 1994) and is intended to convey the multiple access feature of a hardware bus.
The bus implements a multicast as a sequence of unicasts, its operation being shown in FIG. 7.
The output channels are ordered, (shown in the diagram as 1 2, 3, 4). When a message is delivered by the time service to any of the input channels, the bus outputs an identical message on each of its output channels in order. The time service computes the timestamp for these in the normal way, as shown.
A bus acts as a message sequencer, ensuring that all recipients of a series of multicasts receive the messages in the same order (as shown).
The Delay
In a non-distributed system it may be possible to set a timer, and then have an event handler that is invoked when the timer runs out. This alarm can be seen as a spontaneous event. Within the time model, it must be ensured that spontaneous events have a unique time. The simplest way of achieving this is to treat spontaneous events just like external events. A timestamp is allocated to them using a real clock and a unique input identifier. Moreover, a process can schedule itself a spontaneous event at some future time which again will get a timestamp with real part coming from the scheduled time. Having thus enabled the scheduling of future events the delay component can be created as schematically shown in FIG. 8.
For each input message the delay generates an output message at some constant amount of time, δ, later. The time of the generated message is given by the sum of δ and the first time in the timestamp (the real time part). The rest of the path part of the timestamp is ignored. The input identifier part of the timestamp is changed from the original, 1, to the input identifier of the delay, 1′. There are large efficiency gains from fully integrating delays with the receiver and sender channel flush algorithms. The responses to flush requests should take the length of the delay into account, as should any relaying of flush requests through the delay.
The Plumber
The plumber (the topology manager) is a special process that manages the creation and destruction of channels and processes. The plumber has two connections with every process in the system. The first is for the process to make topology change requests to the plumber; the second is for the plumber to notify the process of topology changes that affect it (i.e. new channels created or old channels deleted). The plumber can create and delete processes that have no channels attached. The plumber has a specific minimum delay between receiving a topology change request and doing it. This is the key to a feasible solution to topology changes within this time model. The reason that topology changes are difficult for (pessimistic implementations of) the proposed time model is that for a process to be able to accept a message it must know that it is the oldest message that will arrive. If the topology is unknown then all other processes within the application must be asked if they might send an older message. This is implausible. The plumber acts as the single point one needs to ask about topology changes. Moreover, the minimum delay between the request for a topology change and its realisation ensures that the plumber does not need to ask backward to all other processes. For large systems, or for fault tolerance, multiple plumbers are needed, and these can be arranged hierarchically or in a peer-to-peer fashion. As with the delay process the plumber needs to be integrated with the channel flush algorithms.
Loops generate issues for the time model and typical loops generate a need for many auxiliary messages. A loop without a delay can only permit the processing of a single message at any one time anywhere within the loop (it is said that the loop "locksteps"). Three solutions to these problems are examined.
Removing Loops
The traditional design models, client/server, master/slave, encourage a control driven view of a distributed system, which leads to loops. A more data driven view of a system, like the data flow diagrams encouraged in structure analysis, is typically less loopy.
Moreover, where a first cut has loops, a more detailed analysis of a distributed system may show that these loops are spurious. The data-flows, rather than feeding into one another, feed from one submodule to another and then out. For example, in FIG. 9, there is an apparent loop between process A and process B, (a flow from A feeds into B which feeds back into A). But when one looks at the sub-processes A1, A2, B1, B2 there are, in fact, no loops, only flows.
Co-locate the Processes in a Loop
It there is a loop for which other solutions are not appropriate, it will be found that only one process within the loop can be operational at any one time. It will normally be better to have this, and put all the processes in the loop on the same processor. There will be no penalty in terms of loss of parallelism. This approach will minimise the cost of the auxiliary messages, because they will now be local messages.
Break the Loop Using a Delay
Informally, the problem with a loop is feedback. Feedback happens when an input message to a process strongly causes another message (the feedback) to arrive later at the same process. Under the strong causality axiom, feedback is strongly caused by the original messages, and hence comes before all subsequent messages. Hence any process in a loop must, after processing every message, first ascertain whether there is any feedback, before proceeding to deal with any other input. A delay process is a restricted relaxation of strong causality, since each input to the delay does not strongly cause the output, but rather schedules the output to happen later. Hence, if there is a delay within the loop, then a process can know that any feedback will not arrive until after the duration of the delay. Hence it can accept other messages arriving before the feedback.
A Difficult Case
The example in FIG. 10 presents specific problems of both semantics and implementation for feedback.
In each of the four cases we see a message with data a arriving at a bus B and being multicast to processes A and C. A responds to the message a by outputting a message with data β which is fed back into the bus, and hence multicast to A and C. When it arrives at A no further feedback is produced. If the bus sends to C before A (FIG. 10a) then no issues arise: the original message is multicast to both parties, and then the feedback happens and is multicast.
If, on the other hand, the bus sends to A before C then he feedback happens before the original message is sent to C. The order in which C sees the feedback and the original message is reversed (FIG. 1b). This indicates that strong causality and feedback require a re-entrant processing similar to recursive function calls. Such re-entrant processing breaks the atomicity of invocations and also needs significantly more channel flushing messages than the non-re-entrant algorithm that has been presented. The simplest form algorithm Alg. 1 would incorrectly output the later message from B to C before the earlier message (FIG. 10c). Without re-entrant processing there is a conflict between strong causality and the sent after relation. The later version algorithm Alg. 2, refines the DeliverTheoldestMessage function to ensure that all incoming messages are delayed (with the minimum necessary delay) until after the previous output (FIG. 10d). This implementation obeys the time model, but (silently) prohibits non-delayed feedbacks. At the theoretical level this obviates the necessity for re-entrancy and prefers the sent after relation to strong causality. At the engineering level, this can be seen as a compromise between the ideal of the time model and channel flushing costs.
A slight more exhaustive account of the above is given in the priority documents accompanying this Application.
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Special Paint Can Keep Your Wi-Fi Private
It's no secret that Wi-Fi is not the most secure way of accessing the Internet. Even with encryption, wireless internet is about as secure as a screen door.
If you're like me, living in close-quarters in the college-student-heavy population of Boston, seeing several, sometimes dozens, of wireless networks in your wireless connection window is commonplace. Sometimes it can be advantageous, like if your roommate forgets to pay the Comcast bill, you can always "borrow" your upstairs neighbors wireless until yours is reactivated. However, as a Tom's reader, you're likely doing anything and everything to try and keep your Wi-Fi signal yours and yours alone.
Well, thanks to a research team out of the University of Tokyo, your Wi-Fi may be safe from mooching neighbors and hacker villains. While using special paint to block wireless signals is nothing new, using said paint for Wi-Fi is. Keeping the technical talk short, current radio-resistant paint can block signals 50GHz and below. "The latest wireless communications tend to use electromagnetic waves with a frequency of over 100GHz plus," according to PC World. The research team now claims it now has a paint that can effectively block the higher frequency wireless signals.
Shin-ichi Ohkoshi's team at the university has discovered a new aluminum-iron oxide that can block frequencies up to 182GHz. "We collaborated with DOWA Electronics, a Japanese industrial company, to make a 100-kilogram sample order," said Ohkoshi. "The manufacturing cost is very cheap, around £10 (USD $14) per kg." Using aluminum and iron, two very attainable materials, this paint should enter the market at a reasonable price point.
According to the researchers, the bonds between iron and oxygen are the distorted, usual shape, which apparently gives the paint its magnetic properties. Further study should also lead to identifying new compounds that can absorb even higher frequencies.
Next time (or decade) you go into Sherman Williams or Home Depot to redecorate your office, keep an eye peeled for this Wi-Fi-resistant paint.
Create a new thread in the Streaming Video & TVs forum about this subject
2Marcus Yam , January 27, 2009 10:16 AMInteresting technology, except I can't help but think that you're literally painting yourself in a corner.
Put another way, this is akin to locking down your house so tightly that not only can no one get in, but you can't get out either.
For the purpose of keeping Wi-Fi private, the blocking of signals is what you want -- but what if the time comes when you need to leech off the signal of others?
3Anonymous , January 27, 2009 10:36 AMYou guys know that wireless is 2.4 GHz and 5.2 GHz for the newer stuff right? The "old" paint that will block signals below 50 GHz is way more then enough....
0StupidRabbit , January 27, 2009 11:15 AMim not sure "honey, we need to repaint the house because im too lazy to set up a WPA encryption" (in a packed neighborhood) is a good enough excuse... unless they have the color your wife loves!!!!
1nekatreven , January 27, 2009 12:07 PMGhostMonkeyYou guys know that wireless is 2.4 GHz and 5.2 GHz for the newer stuff right? The "old" paint that will block signals below 50 GHz is way more then enough....
Yea, that stuff has blocked wifi for some time now. A bit off on that part I think.
-2Anonymous , January 27, 2009 12:17 PMA 10 chars, upper and lower case letters only, random passphrase (for AES-128) assures you a computer with 2 4870x2 would still need more than 20.000 years to hack it.
Just use 20 chars to be on the safe side and forget it.
2monkeysweat , January 27, 2009 12:39 PMWhatif I want to use my cellphone in my house,,,would I be blocking that, too?
Also,,,what about the windows? I don't know about you guys,,but I got windows in every room in my house,,,,
2Anonymous , January 27, 2009 1:40 PMI'd prefer Ethernet.
0trkorecky , January 27, 2009 2:25 PMWouldn't this be counter-intuitive unless you only painted the outside of your house or the walls that line the outside? Else you'd just be trapping the signal from the router into a single room in your house, no?
0StupidRabbit , January 27, 2009 3:02 PMKrenkI'd prefer Ethernet.
well.. once youve got wifi its hard do go back. its a little counter productive if you already have a router set up. but the cellphone question is a good one.
0kittle , January 27, 2009 4:15 PMI would think that would make it really hard to make an outgoing cellphone call?
0Anonymous , January 27, 2009 5:26 PMSo now I need my building inspector to check the paint in the house to make sure I can recieve radio, TV, cell phone, etc. signals before moving in huh? It's not like you can just paint over to undo the previous changes. This idea sucks for residential use.
Or how about you live in a condo and all the neighbors above, below, left, right, and opposite do this? Then you are screwed.
Now for commercial applications, this may have some merit, as long as landlines are made easily accessible in case of emergency.
0Grims , January 27, 2009 5:55 PMI can see movie theaters doing this to block cellphone use.
0ira176 , January 27, 2009 6:09 PMWhat about your cell phones or home wireless phones?
0StupidRabbit , January 27, 2009 9:26 PMira176What about your cell phones or home wireless phones?
wireless phones connect to a reciever that is indoors, so that isnt a problem.. and another problem is that you cant get rid of the paint as easily as you put it on..
0nekatreven , January 28, 2009 4:00 PMStupidRabbitwireless phones connect to a reciever that is indoors, so that isnt a problem.. and another problem is that you cant get rid of the paint as easily as you put it on..
cell phones operate below wifi frequencies, otherwise their signal wouldn't have the penetration power that it does...so they'd be blocked too.
0Anonymous , January 29, 2009 12:00 PMNot only that, but TV and radio signals using antennas to receive will not pass through.
The positive side is that you'll have a room 'free' of the millions of radiation that flows through the air every second.
It should be able to reduce the risk of cancer, but then again, perhaps the paint itself is more cancerous than the radiowaves.
I wished they would create this product as 'transparent paint', so I won't need to redo my whole house due to the inavailability of color; and perhaps I could just paint part of a wall where my router is placed.
Sometimes a small shielding would be enough to stop neighbors from leeching.
0kgrach , April 17, 2009 1:10 AMuhh this is a joke right.
Somebody this is an aprils fools joke right!!
Painting your house with thermite (iron-oxide aluminium powder mixture ) is a really bad idea. Gee I don't like my nieghbors leeching my wifi, so I think I will paint my house with rocket fuel!!!
Also since 2.4 ghz is way below 50ghz existing paint is good enough.
the only stuff above 50 Ghz is satellite most of which is yet to be deployed.
I think I would prefer lead based paint. As long as I resist chewing on the molding I think I will be okay. Thermite on the other hand will burn very hot and very quickly.
0Anonymous , March 19, 2011 3:02 AMHey if i cover my house in stealth paint does that mean it will sell faster due to being able to travel at ultrasonic speeds?
Hows this for a marketing stroke of genious.
For SALE stealth house. Stop! rocketing rate hikes by moving suburbs in complete secrecy *Tested 100% telemarketer and door salesperson proof.
0Anonymous , March 19, 2011 3:13 AMThis stuff is rubbish i still get interference from 27Mhz CBers and the disgruntled amateurs down the road and i drank a whole tin.
0Anonymous , March 19, 2011 3:20 AMMy friend used it in his underground fallout shelter and was still getting pager interference.

subset: commoncrawl


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We are glad that you found us here on the web, and would love to have you join us on Sunday mornings for worship at 9:00 am and 11:15 am. It is our belief that you will find at Seabrook United Methodist Church, a group of people called together for the express purpose of knowing and making known the God who lights our world. When you come to visit you will discover that we have just finished a major expansion of our church campus, to help us welcome people, connect them with one another, and disciple them in the Christian faith.
At Seabrook UMC, we believe that God longs to speak a word that has the power to forever change your life every time we come together. It may be in a worship service, a Bible study, a small group gathering or a fellowship dinner that we hear God's message of hope proclaimed in both bold and subtle ways. Everything we do at Seabrook UMC is designed to help people move to a place in their life where they will be receptive to that fresh word from God.
However we don't stop there. Our purpose as the church is to lead people of all ages to a new understanding of vital compassionate service. We cannot do the spiritual work for you, but we consider it our privilege to put in place activities, programs, services, and experiences that will help you receive the word of God and discover how it uniquely applies to your life.
Take a look around our website; we hope that you will find answers to your questions about Seabrook UMC. And if you would like to know more about what it means to be a Christian in today's world we hope you will join us for worship or stop by for a visit. We would love to help you find your way into a new life that is filled with hope and promise and grace.
We look forward to meeting you.
Our church is located at 3300 Lakeside Drive. However, our location continues to confound some GPSs and computer map programs. Also, Lakeside Drive now extends south to Repsdorph Road. Please click this link for a map that includes the "Repsdorph Roundabout".
Nursery care is available for infants through 3 years old during both worship services and Sunday School.
Our church has a grief support group for those who are grieving the death of a loved one. Meetings are held on Monday at 7 P.M. Our current series of sessions began June1. Please feel free to share this information with others who may be struggling at this time of year. For information call the church office: 281-326-1970


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[Reuters] Davis Cup world group 1st round Belarus v Spain result
Feb 10 (Infostrada Sports) - Result from the Davis Cup World Group 1st Round match between Belarus and Spain on Friday
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Pro Seller · Located in Santa Barbara, CA · View Our Facebook Page · (405) 456-6775
You have no shared connections.239 Fans · Joined: Jan 12, 2012
2013 Mercedes-Benz C-Class C250 Sport
1 / 23
Used 2013 Mercedes-Benz C250 17,800 miles
Norman, OK
Excellent Condition, LOW MILES - 17,800! WAS $39,800, FUEL EFFICIENT 31 MPG Hwy/21 MPG City! Leather Interior, Moonroof, Bluetooth, Dual Zone A/C, CD Player, iPod/MP3 Input, SPORTS PKG, BLACK, LEATHER SEAT TRIM, Head Airbag CLICK NOW!KEY FEATURES INCLUDESunroof, iPod/MP3 Input, Bluetooth, CD Player, Dual Zone A/C. MP3 Player, Keyless Entry, Steering Wheel Controls, Child Safety Locks, Electronic Stability Control.OPTION PACKAGESSPORTS PKG: 18 7-double spoke AMG polish black alloy wheels, AMG rear spoiler, sport seats, MB-Tex/DINAMICA upholstery w/red stitching, interior contrast red stitching, steering-wheel mounted silver shift paddles, three-tube instrument cluster design, red seat belts, black floor mats w/red leather piping, BLACK, LEATHER SEAT TRIM. C250 Sport with Palladium Silver Metallic exterior and Black interior features a 4 Cylinder Engine with 201 HP at 5500 RPM*. Non-Smoker vehicle, Originally bought here, Brand New Tires, Local Trade.PRICED TO MOVEReduced from $39, 800.WHY BUY FROM USNo Gimmicks, No Games, No Hassles at AutoMax Hyundai in Norman! With the Max Value Commitment, our goal is to provide you with an excellent customer experience every time you contact us. Contact Internet Sales today for VIP Appointments, pricing and vehicle availability. Additional rebates may apply. Please contact us for the most up to date rebates and discounts.Pricing analysis performed on 10/4/2014. Horsepower calculations based on trim engine configuration. Fuel economy calculations based on original manufacturer data for trim engine configuration. Please confirm the accuracy of the included equipment by calling us prior to purchase.Features: BLACK LEATHER SEAT TRIM,SPORTS PKG -inc: 18" 7-double spoke AMG polish black alloy wheels AMG rear spoiler sport seats MB-Tex/DINAMICA upholstery w/red stitching interior contrast red stitching steering-wheel mounted silver shift paddles three-tube instrument cluster design red seat belts black floor mats w/red leather piping,Turbocharged,Rear Wheel Drive,Power Steering,ABS,4-Wheel Disc Brakes,Brake Assist,Aluminum Wheels,Tires - Front Performance,Tires - Rear Performance,Temporary Spare Tire,Sun/Moonroof,Sun/Moon Roof,Automatic Headlights,Fog Lamps,Heated Mirrors,Power Mirror(s),Integrated Turn Signal Mirrors,Intermittent Wipers,Variable Speed Intermittent Wipers,Rain Sensing Wipers,AM/FM Stereo,CD Player,MP3 Player,Auxiliary Audio Input,HD Radio,Bluetooth Connection,Premium Synthetic Seats,Power Driver Seat,Power Passenger Seat,Bucket Seats,Driver Adjustable Lumbar,Passenger Adjustable Lumbar,Floor Mats,Steering Wheel Audio Controls,Leather Steering Wheel,Adjustable Steering Wheel,Trip Computer,Power Windows,Keyless Entry,Power Door Locks,Engine Immobilizer,Cruise Control,Security System,Universal Garage Door Opener,Climate Control,Multi-Zone A/C,Rear Defrost,Power Outlet,Auto-Dimming Rearview Mirror,Driver Vanity Mirror,Passenger Vanity Mirror,Driver Illuminated Vanity Mirror,Passenger Illuminated Visor Mirror,Traction Control,Stability Control,Daytime Running Lights,Driver Air Bag,Passenger Air Bag,Front Head Air Bag,Rear Head Air Bag,Front Side Air Bag,Knee Air Bag,Child Safety Locks,Tire Pressure Monitor
Body Type:
4dr Car
For sale by:
Dealer - Automax Hyundai Norman
Air Bags, CD Player, Climate Control, Cruise Control, Keyless Entry, Moon Roof, Power Door Locks, Power Mirrors, Power Steering, Power Windows, Trip Computer
(405) 456-6775
August 31 2014 on Facebook
Stock ID:
AutoMax Hyundai Norman Let me know if you have any questions. – Automax Hyundai Norman
Ask a question or leave a comment...
More About this Listing: 2013 Mercedes-Benz C-Class C250 Sport
2013 Mercedes-Benz C-Class C250 Sport is a 2013 Mercedes-Benz C250, C Class Car for Sale in Norman OK. Find other listings by searching for 2013 Mercedes-Benz C250, C Class in Oklahoma City on Oodle Marketplace.
2013 Mercedes-Benz C-Class C250 Sport is a 2013 Mercedes-Benz C250, C Class Car for Sale in Norman OK. Find other listings by searching for 2013 Mercedes-Benz C250, C Class in Oklahoma City on Oodle Marketplace.


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you for visiting the official website for Falcon Football. It will
contain information for the entire program: Varsity, JV and 8th grade.
Off season workouts began Monday, December 1 after school for all returning players not involved in another season sport.
*Parents: pay special attention to the Parent/Player tab for lots of updates about upcoming events, deadlines, and important messages.
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New digital publishing imprint specializing in women's fiction launches
October 1, 2012 | 9:04 pm
By a TeleRead Contributor
Bookouture is a new digital publishing imprint launched by ex-Harlequin UK marketing controller Oliver Rhodes. Specializing in women's fiction, Bookouture will publish e-books and print-on-demand globally, paying a 45 percent of net receipts royalty on e-books.
"My aim with Bookouture is to focus on creating global author brands and followings—through high-quality editing and particularly through smart, creative digital marketing," Rhodes says. "We'll be delivering bespoke digital publishing and marketing for every single one of our authors, in a way not always possible at larger publishers. That means focusing very much on the author as [a] brand, and aiming for a select number of high-quality writers we can work with to build long-term careers.
Bookouture is now open for both agented and unagented submissions of entertaining, female-focused fiction and expects to launch its first titles before the end of 2012. Rhodes emphasizes that a distinctive voice and clear author promise are more important than a particular genre or word count.
"Bespoke publishing means exactly that: We fit our publishing to an author's story—not the other way round. We're not pigeonholing books or just following the latest trend—we're about discovering talent and taking a long-term view. The most important question we're asking of submissions is: Why would a reader buy the next book?"
As well as working with some of the best editors around, Bookouture is promising every author a bespoke author identity to run across their book covers, website and social media feeds. Each book will also get a bespoke digital marketing and publicity campaign.
"I'm aware of all of the benefits that traditional publishers can bring to authors—but also the limitations," Rhodes says. "My vision is for Bookouture to be the best of the exciting new generation of digital publishers. We will be establishing our reputation based on creativity that delivers—one book and one campaign at a time."
Source: Press release
* * *
* * *
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I have completed my second novel (women's fiction) and am interested in your company. Do I email a standard query to your website?


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Lite Source Lise 2 Light Floor Lamp
Special Offer:
12 Issues of Money Magazine
Included with purchase ($20 value).
Lite Source Lise 2 Light Floor Lamp
Weights & Dimensions
|Product Type: Standard
|Style: Modern
|Base Finish: Chrome
|Material: Metal
|Bulb Type: Fluorescent
|Bulb Included: No
|Wattage: 40 Watts (W)
|Switch Type: Rotary socket
|Swing Arm: Yes
|Number of Lights: 2
|Shade Included: Yes
|Life Stage: Adult
|Outdoor Use: No
|Commercial Use: Yes
|Eco-Friendly: No
|Product Care: Do not use strong liquid cleaners
|Country of Manufacture: China
|Assembly Required: Yes
|Product Warranty: 1 year
|Energy Star Compliant: No
|cUL Listed: No
|Title 24 Compliant: Yes
|Damp, Dry or Wet Location Listed: Dry
About the ManufacturerTo put it plainly and simply, Lite Source is a quality manufacturer of a vast selection of both beautiful and affordable interior lamps, not to mention a small number of other household items. From unique floor lamps and contemporary table lamps, to standard desk lamps, any Lite Source purchase will be a long-lasting addition to your existing décor, and a highly functional source of light!
Lite Source manufactures a beautiful selection of high quality accent lamps, ceiling lighting, wall lighting, exterior lighting and home accessories. From novelty lamps in unique styles to standard desk and floor lamps, a purchase from Lite Source will be a long-lasting addition to any decor and for any application.
Lite Source Lise 2 Light Floor Lamp
Questions & Answers (1)
"Hi, what color is the cord?" asked by Allen
Customer Reviews
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Diane from Ohio – Verified Buyer
It's too bad that everything is made in China. It's hard to buy things online. It's kind of a gamble at times if you'll like it or not. If not then you have to pay to ship it back. Sometimes you get what you pay for. But I understood that with the the lamp and it's price. Overall I'm satisfied with the lamp.
OUR SKU # IT11347Lise 2 Light Floor Lamp is also sometimes listed under the following manufacturer numbers: LS-81866


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Catherine Giudici
Sean Lowe and Catherine Giudici Celebrate at Their Bachelor and Bachelorette Parties
Originally posted 12/06/2013 01:05PM
We're just weeks away from a Bachelor wedding to remember – when Sean Lowe and Catherine Giudici tie the knot live on ABC next month.
This week, in the midst of last-minute planning, the bride and groom took a break to celebrate their impending nuptials with their own bachelorette and bachelor parties.
According to a source close to the couple, Giudici is sunning in warm Miami, while Lowe is bundled up in Jackson Hole, Wyo.
Sean Lowe & Catherine Giudici Send Out Wedding Invitations
Originally posted 12/06/2013 09:00AM
It's more formal than their adorable save-the-date card. But Sean Lowe and Catherine Giudici's official wedding invitation still captures the spirit and personality of the fun-loving couple.
The invite, shared exclusively with PEOPLE, has "the LOWEdown" on "marrying, eating, boogie-ing," and goes on: "Together with their families, Sean Thomas Lowe will marry his best friend, Catherine Ligaya Mejia Giudici, who completely adores him."
The invitation, designed by Smitten on Paper, includes an RSVP card for recipients to declare whether they "can't wait" or have "something more important to attend than celebrating the union of Sean & Catherine."
Catherine Giudici: How I'm Prepping for My Wedding to Sean Lowe in 60 Days
Originally posted 11/27/2013 08:25PM
Her wedding is 60 days away, so bride-to-be Catherine Giudici has drawn up a to-do list as she preps for her nuptials to Sean Lowe.
The couple, who got engaged on The Bachelor earlier this year, have already sent out cute save-the-date cards for their wedding, which will be seen on a live TV special airing on ABC on Jan. 26 next year.
But Giudici knows that the big day will be here before she knows it, so she's come up with a schedule, which she shared on Instagram.
Sean Lowe & Catherine Giudici Shop for Wedding Flowers
Originally posted 11/16/2013 12:00PM
They've already sent out save-the-date cards, so now it's time for The Bachelor couple Sean Lowe and Catherine Giudici to ramp up the wedding planning.
The pair, who are tying the knot in a live TV special on ABC on Jan. 26 next year, were spotted looking at flower arrangements in L.A. on Thursday.
Lowe, who celebrated turning 30 with a party in Las Vegas on Friday night, and his fiancée were trailed by a camera crew while looking at table settings, and they also checked out a bridal bouquet in shades of pale pink.
Sean Lowe and Catherine Giudici's Save-the-Date Cards Revealed
Originally posted 11/05/2013 12:45PM
They've set a date.
Now, The Bachelor's Sean Lowe and his final-rose winning fiancée, Catherine Giudici, are sending out save-the-date announcements for their upcoming wedding, which will take place on Jan. 26, 2014.
And PEOPLE got an exclusive first look at the humorous notice.
Sean Lowe and Catherine Giudici Set a Wedding Date
Originally posted 10/14/2013 08:20AM
Break out the Champagne!
Nearly one year after Sean Lowe got down on one knee to propose to Catherine Giudici, the couple have finally picked a day for their much-anticipated union, PEOPLE confirms.
The Bachelor alums will say their vows on Jan. 26, 2014 – and the ceremony will air live on ABC.
"It's really exciting," Lowe, 29, tells PEOPLE. "Time has just flown by – I think January is going to sneak up on us pretty quickly!"
Sean Lowe: Expect a Wedding Date Soon
Originally posted 08/05/2013 04:20PM
Little by little, former Bachelor Sean Lowe and fiancée Catherine Giudici are hammering out wedding plans. But make no mistake about it – the wedding is happening.
"We've been talking about it a lot more so I imagine an announcement will be made sometime in the near future," Lowe tells PEOPLE.
Since he competed on Dancing With the Stars – he was eliminated during week eight – Lowe, 29, and Giudici, 27, have been spending time away from the spotlight, traveling more and working on wedding plans.
The Daily Treat: Sean Lowe & Catherine Giudici Make a Splash with Their Pups
Originally posted 06/24/2013 01:45PM
It's not only Bachelor Sean Lowe and fiancée Catherine Giudici who were looking forward to a little "pool time" on Saturday. In a video he posted to Instagram, Lowe's chocolate Labrador Ellie made a beeline for its welcoming waters – probably to catch that falling tennis ball.
His other beloved furball, boxer Lola, meanwhile seemed content to just soak up the sun. But unfortunately for Giudici, no one looked ready to help her blow up all those beach balls. Paw shux!
Sean Lowe and Catherine Giudici Keep It Low-Key in N.Y.C.
Originally posted 06/13/2013 06:00AM
No cameras this time around!
On Monday night, Bachelor Sean Lowe and fiancée Catherine Giudici enjoyed a quiet date night at the Ainsworth Park in New York City. The lovebirds talked quietly among themselves while sharing low-calorie dishes like chicken and salmon, and they were overheard discussing plans for a pre-wedding honeymoon.
Tuesday, the reality stars turned up at a Children's Miracle Network event at Frames Bowling Lounge in Manhattan, where they played a few games.
PHOTO: Sean Lowe's 'Tired Girls' Take a Nap on the Floor
Originally posted 06/04/2013 05:45PM
Looks like Catherine Giudici has fallen hard – for Sean Lowe's dogs!
Lowe, the former Bachelor and Dancing with the Stars contestant, shared an Instagram photo Monday of the ladies in his life catching some Zzz's.
"Tired girls," reads the caption, showing Giudici, boxer Lola and chocolate Labrador Ellie sprawled among some blankets.
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Off the Wall's 'Gigi' retains its charm
Opening in 1958, "Gigi" won nine Oscars, including best picture. Opening in 1973, a stage adaptation - using the same enchanting songs (and four new ones) by Alan Jay Lerner and Frederick Loewe - closed after 103 performances.
I didn't see the Broadway production, so I can't tell you what went wrong. But since I have seen the current production of "Gigi" being directed by Dale Gutzman at Off the Wall Theatre, I can state with certainty that Broadway ought to give this chestnut another look. »Read Full Article(2)
Outstanding in the Field schedules its first Milwaukee-area dinner, at Pinehold Gardens
Outstanding in the Field -- the group that organizes cross-country, mobile pop-up dinners typically set on farms -- will have its first Milwaukee-area dinner in August, at Pinehold Gardens in Oak Creek.
The group also will have a dinner at Shooting Star Farm in Mineral Point. Outstanding in the Field has organized dinners on farms in the Madison area/Driftless region for at least five years. »Read Full Blog Post
Rappers Fabolous and Pusha T headed for The Rave
East Coast rapster Fabolous and mixtape master Pusha T will perform at The Rave at 7:30 p.m. May 10.
Fabolous has been building his hip-hop credentials since his hit "Can't Deny It." Pusha T's debut album "Fear of God II: Let Us Pray" was released in 2011. »Read Full Article
'Israel at 65' celebration includes rides, cooking demos
The Milwaukee Jewish community will celebrate "Israel at 65," on April 21 from 3:30 p.m. to 6 p.m. at the Harry & Rose Samson Family Jewish Community Center, 6255 N. Santa Monica Blvd.
The celebration includes family activities such as a climbing wall, camel rides, photo booth, bouncy house, face painting, Israel puzzle map, and archeological dig. »Read Full Article
Artist Dana Schutz at MIAD tonight
Artist Dana Schutz, known for her lushly painted grotesques and bizarre situations, is one of the most intriguing artists working in America today. Coming off of a critically acclaimed traveling retrospective, Schutz is visiting the Milwaukee Institute of Art & Design this week and will speak publicly about her work Tuesday evening.
Schutz once told an interviewer she was hesitant to translate her strange artistic visions from drawings into paint. She was worried the work might be garish or "hugely embarrassing." »Read Full Blog Post(2)
Two Women's Prize for Fiction nominees plan Milwaukee visits
The Women's Prize for Fiction, the successor to the former Orange Prize for Fiction, has released its longlist of 20 nominees for the prize.
It includes a few of the most popular novels of the past year, notably Gillian Flynn's "Gone Girl" and Hilary Mantel's "Bring Up the Bodies," as well as a raft of other promising works from established (Zadie Smith, Barbara Kingsolver) and emerging writers (Elif Shafak, Bonnie Nadzam, Shani Boianjiu). »Read Full Blog Post
More than 50 print exhibits across city
From Albrecht Durer to Shepard Fairey, from the halls of the world's greatest museums to paste-ups on brick walls down the street, the enduring romance of the print has attracted great artists and art lovers for centuries.
On Tap Today: Return of the alt-country angel (and friends)
Tuesday's generally not much of a day for music, at least not during this stubborn Milwaukee winter (c'mon, spring - get here already). But today's not an ordinary Tuesday.
Emmylou Harris and Rodney Crowell - two of American music's singular voices who, by the way, are longtime friends - are at the Pabst Theater tonight at 8, sharing music from their new album, "Old Yellow Moon." Their opening act ain't no slouch either: singer-songwriter-guitarist-legend Richard Thompson, performing with his Electric Trio. »Read Full Blog Post


text:
This section contains 12,337 words
(approx. 42 pages at 300 words per page)
Critical Essay by Ronald Sarti
SOURCE: Sarti, Ronald. "Variations on a Theme: Human Sexuality in the Work of Robert A. Heinlein." In Robert A. Heinlein, edited by Joseph D. Olander and Martin Harry Greenberg, pp. 107-36. New York: Taplinger Publishing Co., 1978.
In the following essay, Sarti traces Heinlein's treatment of gender roles and sexuality in his short fiction.
By the end of the 1950s, Robert Heinlein had established himself as the Dean of science fiction, a beloved storyteller whose ways had grown familiar after twenty years of pleasurable reading. Few would have wanted him to change, and fewer still would have expected it. And yet, abruptly, Heinlein's work did change. With the arrival of the new decade, Heinlein's stories took a startling new direction, the reason for which remained a mystery to his readers. Perhaps most surprising was Heinlein's sudden concern...
This section contains 12,337 words
(approx. 42 pages at 300 words per page)


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Updated 12/26/2013
Occupying 230 waterfront acres on the Rockland–Rockport town line, this all-encompassing resort offers luxurious rooms and suites with private balconies overlooking the water or the grounds. All are done up with warm color schemes and have plenty of amenities. La Bella Vita Ristorante, the Italian eatery, has an approachable elegance. Outside there's a stone terrace with a fire pit. Inside, the space flows into the more casual Enoteca Lounge, which has an antipasto bar. Next to the sloped-entry pool is another open-air bar. The 18-hole course has been ranked among the best in the region.
220 Warrenton St., Rockport, Maine, 04856, United States
207-594–2511; 800-341–1650
Website: www.samoset.com
Hotel Details:
Updated 12/26/2013
Sep 9, 2012
Our first stay at the Samoset was enjoyable. We knew at the get go that there was no beach and we were ok with that. The lovely zero entry pool provided a relaxing experience on a hot summer day. The tiered seating allowed for views of the pool and ocean. Waitress service is fantastic! The oceanfront room was very large. The views were nice. Our balcony was perfect for morning coffee but the AC unit vented right on our legs so we felt hot air on
a cool summer morning. La Bella Vita provides wonderful food for dinner. The pasta is flown in from Italy and the food seems like it is as well. Ocean views are a plus. Try the second tier banquette for a private experience and a view. The spa is just ok. Very sparse in its design. Therapists are fair. Front desk needs some tweaking. The gentleman who "welcomed" us seemed more interested in another party who needed a spot to cook their lobsters. We felt second rate. Later, we asked for directions to the Children's Chapel. When we got into the car, they were for another town. Thankfully we found the way ourselves. Would we return? Maybe.
No Thanks


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I was a quiet child. I am generally a self possessed adult. I try to listen more than talk. A rather gifted woman who makes her living reading people once told me that I have the sort of aura that is like wings and they are almost always folded around me. 463 more words
Tags » How To Sell Crafts
Craft Fairs: Or how I succeeded and failed in 2014
I always enjoy hearing about craft fairs from fellow bloggers as well as makers right here in my own little area. If you have ever had a dream where you somehow ended up naked in public with no idea how it happened to you…this is basically what happens every time a maker goes to a craft fair. 219 more words


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Pay Statement
I also just started contributing to my Pension at work! I already have $611.52 socked away....how did that even happen?! I love employer matched contributions! This money is on top of the $25/week that Jordan and I each contribute to our personal RRSPs. Eventually, I would like to increase our contributions, particularly Jordans because he doesn't have a pension or retirement plan through work.
I'm also very pleased that I'll be getting reimbursed tomorrow for all of my work expenses - to the tune of $2215.14. It's quite a large sum of money that just sitting on my credit card begging to be paid off, so paid off it will be, tomorrow.
We've Hit Our Limit
Labels: Joint Budget · at Wednesday, October 27, 2010
I know Jordan will owe some to his food truck and we need to go grocery shopping too.
I'm doing my part by getting up a bit earlier this morning and having coffee and breakfast here. I also made a stew last night for our lunches and Jordan's supper tonight - because I'm going to a friends.
We'll have to try hard not to go and spend more than is absolutly necessary....this will be the third month in a row over. Though the first two had huge wedding purchases and this month had my trip to Ontario, a deposit for our photographer and car repairs.
Do you Bundle?
Labels: Utilities · at Tuesday, October 26, 2010
Jordan and I went down to a physical Shaw location - after I was told that we could have a student discount applied to our services, but Jordan would have to take over the bill and there would be quite a bit of jostling to do. Well, it turns out - if your nice to the lady behind the counter, it's not that hard to get your Shaw services sorted out.
She applied the student discounts to the account even though it was still in my name (I mean, we live together, so what's the big deal) and even gave us an extra $20 bill credit because while standing in line we discovered that we were being over billed for our phone service!
Because the bill for this cycle has already been generated I can't quite figure out exactly how much each service is now, but I know that it's around half what it was before. It took about two hours yesterday (including on-hold time and waiting in line at the Shaw place), but I'd say it's well worth it!
Weekend Re-Cap
I don't normally read blogs on the weekend, it's my evening activity, but I was checking out Shaking The Money Tree, and she was reminding people that proctor and gamble are doing their annual brand sampler give away. So if you are interested in some free samples, check it out!
Engagement Photos
In terms of prep, just have a think about what you want to wear and what kind of overall feel you're looking for (romantic, urban, quirky, in nature, etc). That will help me determine where we go for locations. If you have somewhere in particular you'd like to be photographed, please let me know and I'll go scout it out ahead of time.
In terms of attire, we'll have time to do two looks, if you choose. You might want to do one that's more casual and one more dressed up, or you might be happy in one outfit . . . that's great too. Don't worry about matching each other, but do take into consideration what the other will be wearing. It might look funny if you're in a sequined cocktail dress and heals but Jordan is rocking his favorite sweatpants ;)
Photographers often advice people to wear solid colors in darker tones, which are safe in terms of looking flattering. I vote for you wearing something you love, that speaks to who you are, and that you feel great in. Nothing translates better in photographs than confidence. If that means you wear a hot pink scarf, and yellow polka dotted jacket, so be it.
The total cost for the package that we're going for is $2,200. That includes:
- Engagement session, including 10 digital files
- up to 2 hours
- Ceremony/Reception session
- 5 consecutive hours of photography
- private online gallery for 90 days
- complete set of digital files, licensed for personal use
- approximately 250 photo's that she has professional re-touched
This weekend when we meet, we have to bring a 40% retainer = $880!
It feels good to have this service secured, and we're so looking forward to doing this fun thing together!
Potential 2011 Budget
Labels: Joint Budget · at Thursday, October 21, 2010
While we budget on a monthly basis for the big picture, the variable expenses get broken down into weekly transfers to align with our pay schedules.
Rent and utilities are based on having two roommates, so we split the bills four ways. Hopefully we can keep this going for the foreseeable future.
Our insurance rates recently went down a fraction and my horse board stays fairly steady. $165 in the winter and $90 in the summer.
We haven't been tracking our spending long enough to know if $1,500/month is enough or too much 'planned spending'. We're going to roll with this for now and continue to track and post our spending patterns.
Here are where the big numbers lie. The House Fund and the Wedding Fund. If we can make this work, we'll meet our 2011 goals.
While I just started my pension, I'm not at the maximum for contributions into RRSP's (neither is Jordan) - so we'll just continue along with $100/month for now. I would like to see this increase in the future.
I'm hoping my readers will take a look at this and let me know if we're forgetting anything or if something doesn't look realistic.
J&J's Goals
In 2011, we have two huge life changing events. Not only are we getting married, we intend on being prepared to buy a house. While I can appreciate that it is important to have money set aside for all types of different things - these events will happen, so we best plan for them. The other part of these two goals is that we wan to realize them before/on August 6, 2011. That means, we have 8 months to get organized.
We currently have just over $6k in our house fund. I had to move some money around to pay off our credit card bill before the due date, but have some money set aside to pay ourselves back next month. By the end of December, we will have just over $11,250 set aside. We anticipate needing, at a bare minimum $20,000 to purchase our first house (I've posted about the details of this before, but if you want them again, just let me know).
So, goal Number One: Save $8,750 in 8 months (by August, 2011)
Next is our wedding. We currently have just under $300 set aside, but we have also already spent almost $6,000 of a project budget of just over $22,000. By the end of December, we anticipate having set aside about $1,750. We also anticipate that we will spend some of our planned spending budget (paid via credit card) will be eaten up by wedding expenditures - so we won't have to actually have that much cash sitting aside next summer. That combined with talking with some family members, we anticipate some monetary gifts that will help us realize this in time
So, goal Number Two: Save $7,500 in 8 months (by August, 2011)
I imagine that we will continue to put money away for both Christmas/gifts as well as vehicle maintenance/emergencies - however this will be about $100/month - without strict goals. We need the flexibility to be able to achieve our primary vision of a wedding and a home.
Getting Back On Track
Labels: To do list · at Tuesday, October 19, 2010
Submit receipts for work visit to Ontario Meet with manager to discuss trip and where I'm at locally Close savings account with CIBC, I don't use it anyway and I want to simplify things Change chequing account options with CIBC (move to a lower fee option)
- Get Jordan to change his chequing account options as well
Visit my great aunt
- Go home and visit my parents for a weekend
- Confirm that Jordan submitted his expense receipts for his new work boots
- Do a goal check up with Jordan, what do we actually want to acheive and is it realistic?
- Plan and post a potential 2011 budget that aligns with those goals
- Do a wedding budget check up with Jordan and post it
- Do a current monthly spending check up with Jordan and post it
Sign and e-mail back venue contract
- Sign and snail mail back photographer contract and deposit
- Find a DJ
- Figure out a plan/list of what needs to happen by when
While I have booked the venue/caterer/photographer - we still technically need to sign and fax back their contracts. While that seems like a small thing, I just haven't had time to do it yet. I did manage to submit the receipts for my expenses - which for the two weeks came to a total of $2,215.14. That will be deposited on my last pay of the month - so we'll have it in time to pay of the next months bill.
I'm hoping to actually write some more thoughtful posts over the next few days...but like I said - things feel just Chaotic.
Guest Post: The Best Way to Save Money Is Not Having It
Labels: guest post · at Friday, October 15, 2010
By Bella Paige
If you can't trust yourself with your own money, then you have a problem.
Let's admit it – money is never enough even if we get a salary increase, bonuses, etc. Buying and consuming has become such an incredibly big part of our lives that we don't really make the difference between a necessity and a shopping obsession anymore.
The problem is, I realized, shopping was swallowing most of my finances but I couldn't help it as it was kind of a therapy after a long day at school and work. I was working really hard, but I was spending as hard, too.
It was time for a change because I didn't want to be like most of my friends with thousands of dollars in debt at the age of 22. So, I opened a savings account and was trying to put a certain amount there every month. Guess what – after a couple of months, I stopped doing it – negligence took over as I was too busy to go online and transfer money from my checking to my savings account. Another problem was, once the money was in my checking account, I had a hard time putting a certain amount aside because I could always figure out a thing to spend it on.
So, to protect my money, I had to trick myself.
I asked my employer to automatically deposit 10% from my monthly salary into my savings account and directly deposit the rest into my checking account. This way, the 10% was saved before it even came to me. If you don't have it, you can't spend it, and thus you can save it, right? It required more effort to go to the bank and withdraw from the savings, as well as go online and do the transaction from savings to checking in order to spend it. I successfully forgot about this 10% which, at the time, equaled $150/month. After a year, you can all figure what my savings grew up to – $1,800.
Honestly, I was proud of myself because I was never able to save that much on my own before. It might not look like an achievement to some, but to me it meant I was smarter than my slackness.
This & That
I don't so much like that I lost my phone charger. I thought that I might have left it behind last week, but after going through twenty something chargers that the hotel has in their lost and found - I realized it was a bit hopeless. I was feeling a bit 'stranded' but after a quick chat with Jordan, I found the courage to venture out. I found a Walmart, a $15 cab ride from the hotel and was able to find the perfect charger.
It cost about $35 which was a shame -but it actually works as three chargers as one. I can plug it into a wall, into a car or into a USB port - I didn't have alternative charges before - so this will be great!
Ugh...Due Dates!
Labels: Joint Budget · at Tuesday, October 12, 2010
The way my spreadsheet is currently set up, when the monthly bill comes in we plan to pay it off by the end of the month - not necessarily right away. Well, that doesn't work if the last pay day of the month comes after when the due date for the bill is.
crap... I feel kind of foolish for not thinking of this...though, I'm glad I caught it before we got caught in an interest trap.
Last week I told you why the balance was as high as it was....so this week i'll give you the plan to pay it off:
the highlighted green items have already happened
I'm sure.you can see that I've transfered a large some of money from the house fund to pay off the card before the due date. We'll get paid two days after the due date, and at that time, we'll transfer the money back to the house fund. It's going to be quite a bit of fiddling around - but the lesson is learnt!
Be aware of your billing cycles, budgeting cycles, and due dates!
Back in Ontario
Home Today
This week has been pretty quiet for personal spending - for both Jordan and I. It's done the budget good to not be trying to entertain each other. We'll have a look at the numbers and probably post those details over the weekend.
Have a Great One!
October Monthly Spend Report
Labels: Monthly Spend Report · at Thursday, October 07, 2010
I don't want to get too detailed in commentary around the spending last month - but I do want to share that I am finding this processes is really helping identify our spending trends. It's fascinating to see the break down like this. I'll let you see for yourself:
We certainly eat out and drink more booze then I thought! It feels like this is an area that we can really reign in. This includes lunches while at work as well as eating out while traveling. Travel this month include two trips into British Columbia. When we do this, there is always going to be some eating out - but this feels high. Naturally, the grocery's seem low.
The wedding category feels high, because it is high. That would be my engagement ring and the venue deposit.
The rest of the categories seem pretty reasonable to me. Travel was the flight to Vancouver which was subsidized by Air Miles.
If we don't include the wedding stuff....which tends to make me feel better about the over budget number - we would be over by $931. I attribute the eating out and travel to this....but really, it could also be booze....or other items as well.
Funny that we didn't spend anything on 'entertainment'
So far, so good
Labels: Travel, work · at Wednesday, October 06, 2010
Finances wise...
I had to put my credit card on the room when I arrived, which I wasn't expecting. So Jordan and I might not be able to pay off the bill right away. That said, we'll still be able to pay it in full come the due date (the bill just came today).
My office is right across the street from the hotel I'm in, so I can walk in the mornings which is really nice - but it also means I don't have a reason to take a cab or rent a car. With no mini fridge in my room - I have to eat out for every meal. It's not particularly healthy and it's pretty expensive. I will get reimbursed for it all, but it doesn't feel very responsible.
I'm Outta here!
Labels: Travel, work · at Sunday, October 03, 2010
I'll be taking the red eye on Sunday night, getting to the hotel around 6:00am, hopefully I'll be able to catch a few hours sleep on the flight - because I'll have just two hours to get to work after I get situated.
It's a pretty great opportunity for me to network, help out another office - and see somewhere new. Plus I have a cousin who lives in Ontario - so hopefully we'll get to see each other. I've never been out there before.
This trip will be like my trip to Saskatoon not to long ago in that I don't have to pay for the flights or the hotel, but I'll have to pay for all food and transportation. Once I get back, I'll submit all of my receipts for reimbursement.
I'll definitely be banking some over time this week. There will be 7.5 hours today coded to travel and then regular working hours 37.50/week to the office i'm supporting. I'll have another days worth of travel to code when I come home - and then of course any additional OT I do during the week. My home office and the office I'll be supporting have a couple of hour time difference, so that means that I'll likely still do some work for the home office as well.
What does that mean? I'm guessing around 20-25 hours of overtime.
Today/Monday are going to be very very long days!
thoughts on retirement
Labels: Retirement · at Saturday, October 02, 2010
One, I worry because Jordan's job does not provide RRSP/Pension matching - and we're currently not really able to contribute to personal RRSPs more than we do now. I know that will change, and heck, 30 years is a long time - but really, how long is it?
Do any of you worry about things so far in the future that you can't really plan for them?
I mean, how am I supposed to know how much income we'll need in retirement? Who knows what our incomes will look like, what our savings will be and what kind of debt load will have. Further to that, CPP and OAS are bound to change. I think they will still exist - but to what extent?
le sigh.
Fabulous Friday!
It's going going to be a hectic day at work, followed by a bunch of running around and then driving several hours into BC! It will be so nice once we get there, and hopefully after the weekend is over I'll be able to tell you that we have selected our photographer.
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Indiana Senior
40: 5.07
Shows fairly good decision making and field vision. Can go through his progressions and go to his second read. Shows some poise under pressure and gets the ball out quickly to avoid the hit. Shows good arm strength when he can step into throws and gets good zip on his short throws to fit tight windows. Shows ability to anticipate and recognize blitz. Shows accuracy and some anticipation on his throws over the middle.
Stares down his receivers at times and will miss on some easy throws. Needs to improve his footwork and mechanics. Doesn't set his feet and will often throw off his back foot. Doesn't always open his hips when throwing to the sideline. Doesn't challenge downfield, settling for short, quick throws. Lacks touch on his deep throws, putting too much air under them. Has a bit of an elongated release, that dips the ball down towards his hip and has an over-the-top release point. Holds onto the ball too long and it will come out with a bit of a wobble. Works mainly out of the shotgun and doesn't look comfortable when he's asked to move within and outside the pocket.
Chappell slimmed down around 15 pounds from his listed weight, as his weight ballooned after off-season foot surgery last year (up to 250 pounds). He tends to get the ball out quick despite not having the quick release, and despite footwork and mechanics that can be sloppy, it doesn't have a hugely negative impact. But it should be tweaked and refined at the next level with coaching. A two-year starter that went 9-17 in that span, combining to complete 62.6% of his 911 attempts for 6236 yards, 41 TDs, and 24 INTs. Definitely showed improvement as a senior with a 24:9 TD-INT ratio vs. 17:15 as junior. Started 3 games as an injury replacement as a sophomore, going for a 1-2 record, completing 52.3% of 153 passes for 1001 yards, 4 TDs, and 3 INTs.
Chappell has a chance to compete at the next level and if he can develop, make a suitable No. 2 quarterback in the NFL down the road. He doesn't have the upside to be a starter. But he's a fairly smart player that has nice accuracy, decision making, and with some tweaking should be capable of making all of the throws. Getting into better shape should help his mobility, although he'll never be great there. He'll take time to develop, as he'll definitely need polish wit his footwork and mechanics and adjusting to a dropback passer in a pro-style offense. But he has enough tools that he could surprise and make a decent NFL career for himself. I think he comes in and lands a No. 3 role or practice squad spot, sits the bench for a few years and then can potentially make a role for himself like Shaun Hill. He's not going to be as good as Hill became, but four years from now, I could imagine an NFL team being relatively comfortable with him as the No. 2 guy. And if he can get comfortable in a system, he might be able to extend his career to beyond his rookie deal. And if not in the pros, then I expect him to go to the CFL and have success as a starter.
Chappell is more of a camp body for the Falcons since he doesn't have the upside over a player like Wilson who has a better arm, range, and more athletic. But he is good enough that with a good camp, he could make the practice squad with the intention of developing him further as the No. 3 and a guy that can potentially push Wilson for the No. 2 job two or three years down the road.
Chappell probably shouldn't be drafted because of his lack of upside as a starter. Maybe a team that has an opening at the No. 3 position might snatch him up at the end of the seventh round, but he's more in line with undrafted talent.
1-poor, 2-weak, 3-above average, 4-very good, 5-elite
Arm Strength: 3.0
Accuracy: 3.0
Mobility: 2.0
Decision Making: 3.0
Mechanics: 2.0
Pocket Awareness: 2.5
Intangibles: 3.0
Ben Chappell, QB, Indiana
Scouting reports of the quarterbacks in the 2011 Draft.
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Ben Chappell, QB, Indiana
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