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Originally written on Buc Stop | Last updated 11/27/11
TAMPA, FL - NOVEMBER 27: Carnell Williams #24 of the Tampa Bay Buccaneers carries the ball during the NFL game with the Chicago Bears on November 27, 2005 at Raymond James Stadium in Tampa, Florida. The Bears won 13-10. (Photo By Streeter Lecka)
Here is the video...You would think Kregg Lumpkin can manage to get enough for the first down. Cadillac Williams had that knack as a rookie, this guy, I dont know what Bucs management saw in him.You be the judge, did the Bucs get a bad spot? Couldnt they ask for a measurement?Check out the video in your browser
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Genre :Action, Comedy
Release Date :August 03, 2007
MPAA Rating :PG-13
Director :Akiva Schaffer
Starring :Andy Samberg, Isla Fisher, Jorma Taccone, Bill Hader, Sissy Spacek, Ian McShane, Brittney Irvin, Mark Acheson, Danny McBride
REVIEWS RATE: Critics Readers [Rate It]
"..not every joke hits the mark, but there are enough very funny bits here to warrant a recommendation.."
by David Mercier [Film Judge]
"..Just when you want Hot Rod to rev, it stalls.."
by Peter Travers [Rolling Stone]
"..another self-consciously quirky comedy desperate to be "Napoleon Dynamite.".."
by Elizabeth Weitzman [NY Daily News]
"..an inferior Napoleon Dynamite.."
by Stephen Cole [Globe and Mail]
"..a tired rehash of every SNL alum's big-screen debut since Adam Sandler's Billy Madison.."
by Nick Schager [Slant Magazine]
".."Hot Rod" is Hollywood's first real YouTube movie: a bunch of moments clothes-pinned to a line of plot.."
by Wesley Morris [Boston Globe]
Reviewed by Tony Wong [Toronto Star]
Reviewed by Carrie Rickey [Philadelphia Inquirer]
Reviewed by Sue Pierman [Milwaukee Journal Sentinel]
Reviewed by Ethan Alter [Film Journal International]
Reviewed by A.O. Scott [NY Times]

subset: commoncrawl


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Doesn't the thread title just reach out and grab you? Anyway, I frequent a mariad other boards and sites on the web and came across this:
'Counter-Strike: Source' Visits Disney's Haunted Mansion - G4tv.com
Following the links gave me these:
Disney's Haunted Mansion Recreated, Blown Up In Counter-Strike: Source
NIPPER Maps
Good news I suppose for any HM fans who happen to play CS. I don't, but I can see the apeal.


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You can now invite anyone to meet at your favorite Starbucks.
Limited-time feature
31 year old woman | Clayton, NC, USA | Seeking men 28-35 within 20 miles of Fuquay Varina, NC
Beep-boop-boop-bop. Beep-bop.
People don't usually read the long stuff, so I'll try to keep it simple here... After nine years, I have recently separated (within the last few months). I am currently in the middle of transitioning to life on my own and separating our lives so that we can eventually divorce. I have two small children, both under the age of four that live with me. I am liberal, I don't believe in religion, and I support women's rights and marriage equality. It's hard considering the area, but I would love to find someone who had similar views as me. I am pretty low maintenance. I have a little bit of a tomboy side, and someone who can make me laugh is the best thing. I'd love to find someone who could watch episodes of Comedy Bang Bang and laugh with me. I want someone affectionate who treats me nice and isn't too embarrassed to high five me after a cheesy joke.
Book club , Cooking , Dining out , Hobbies and crafts , Movies/Videos , Museums and art , Music and concerts , Playing cards , Shopping/Antiques , Video games
Cycling, Walking / Hiking, Yoga
I have Cats, Dogs
I have a cat named Eddie (who doesn't currently live with me) that is a pound rescue, and I have a loyal, protective, bad-ass miniature pinscher named Chili (who goes wherever I go) who is slightly OCD and full of energy.
I love the beach and the mountains, and I don't get to visit either one as much as I'd like.
TV: The Office, the Simpsons, Mistresses, and Castle. Music: Nirvana, Hole, Modest Mouse, Ted Leo, Our Lady Peace, Dean Martin, Sufjan Stevens, Beck, and Macklemore x 100000
I don't really get a lot of free time, but I like going to the library, the park, museums, shopping. I love going for a walk or a bike ride. Photography is one of my loves. I just recently got my first DSLR, so I try to carry it with me everywhere.
I read way too much about serial killers...
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
|What she is looking for
|5'10" (177cms)
|5'10" (177cms) to 6'11" (210cms)
|Body type:
|Slender, About average, Athletic and toned, A few extra pounds
|Blue, Brown, Green, Hazel
|Dark blonde
|Auburn / Red, Black, Light brown, Dark brown, Blonde, Salt and pepper, Dark blonde
|No Way
|No Way
|I'll tell you later
|Never, Social Drinker
|I'll tell you later
|No preference
|I'll tell you later
|$25,001 to $35,000, $35,001 to $50,000, $50,001 to $75,000, $75,001 to $100,000, $100,001 to $150,000, $150,001+
|Currently Separated
|Never Married, Widow / Widower, Currently Separated, Divorced
|Have kids:
|Yes, and they live at home (2)
|Yes, and they sometimes live at home, No, Yes, and they live away from home, Yes, and they live at home
|Wants kids:
|I'll tell you later
|Definitely, Someday, No, but it's OK if my partner has kids
|White / Caucasian
|Black / African descent, Latino / Hispanic, Native American, White / Caucasian
Part Irish, part English = sunburn waiting to happen
|Agnostic, Atheist, Buddhist / Taoist, Spiritual but not religious, Other
I do not believe in a god, and I would love to have someone to share that view with me, but I can be tolerant.
|Some college
|Some college, Associates degree, Bachelors degree, Graduate degree, PhD / Post Doctoral


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UPDATE: Wichita Falls Police Identify Bank Robbery Suspect [VIDEO, PHOTOS]
The Wells Fargo branch inside the United Supermarket at 4516 Jacksboro Highway was robbed today at about 5:38 PM. Police need help identifying the suspect.
The Wells Fargo branch inside the United Supermarket at 4516 Jacksboro Highway was robbed today at about 5:38 PM. Police need help identifying the suspect.
A Wichita Falls man fell victim to a robbery and shooting that started with a Craigslist ad
They came there separately to rob the place, but ended up finding a new drinking buddy.
A guy who was working the graveyard shift at a Baltimore area 7-Eleven called into a late-night sports talk radio show to apparently rap about the Baltimore Orioles.
Midway through his sweet jam, the clerk named Will abruptly stopped and hung up the phone.
Why? Because he was being robbed!
Megan Bratten, of Independence, Mo., had just gone into the local Kmart to pick up some last-minute school supplies. She was in the store for about 15 minutes and when she came out discovered that her minivan had been stolen.
Thinking quickly, she sent a text to her estranged husband's phone which was still in the minivan, pleading with the thief to return the vehicle.
Stories like this never get old for us.
And you'd think that with the frequency of these stories, it would start to deter people from such crimes, but no!
Their mind is like a sponge, it absorbs everything. When I was four I was just worried if I missed an episode of Power Rangers.
Before you start calling this fake, this is real and arrests have been made.
Miyo Koba, the 89-year-old owner of Frank's Market in Moses Lake, Wash., got a bit of a surprise Sunday morning when she walked from the back of the store up to the cash register.
If you're planning on robbing a place, you should probably have your exit strategy figured out before you put your plan into action.
Someone has been stealing underwear from houses in Lufkin for the past five years, and I'd like to think that it was gnomes rather than some pervert. What about you?
A simple robbery is shut down by an undercover cop who just happened to be in the right place at the right time.You never know who's watching.


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Exhibition By Pazo Steel
17 Mar 2012 – 21 Mar 2012
Event times
open 1pm to 10pm
- N001 The Biscuit Factory, (Tower Bridge Business Complex)
- 100 Clements Road ( use Drumand Road Entrance buzz for entry)
- London
- SE16 4dg
- United Kingdom
- www.trispacegallery.com
Travel Information
- Buses: 188, 381, C10, 47 (Jamaica Road stops, 5 minute walk to venue.
- Tube: Bermondsey Jubilee Line (5 min walk)
- Overland: Surrey Quays, East London Line (10 min walk). Rail: South Bermondsey Station (via London Bridge)
solo Exhibition Pazo Steel
AboutThis art exhibition shall be a personal journey through the creative work of Angelo Casieri also known as Pazo Steel. His works are a triumph through steel sculpture. He uses his work in a truly unique way in which he brings together the use of his work to the urban setting. When Angelo brings his work to life in the urban settings it is exciting and shows how graffiti can be used in a modern approach. Angelo manipulates his brand name into architecture to make any shop gate or door way more attention grabbing. Pazo Steel creates designs for use of interior or exterior shops. His works include Ohm & Lotus, Laughing Buddha, and various metal relief works. This is an exhibition not to miss, with an insight into an up and coming Italian designer. With music by D.j Donna Sassa (Nihilism), and drinks from our open bar this St Patricks Day!
Art form
Have you been to this event? What do you think? Join the discussion here!
Remember, you can include links to your instagram pictures and to videos.


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From the November 20 edition of Fox News' Hannity:
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Rush Limbaugh -- who had previously condemned the "thugs" who hacked then-Gov. Sarah Palin's email account -- joined right-wing bloggers in touting a series of emails that were apparently stolen from the UK's Climate Research Unit [CRU]. Limbaugh proceeded to distort at least one of the emails in order to falsely suggest that it is evidence that global warming is "made up" and that leading climate scientists have been engaged in "substantial fraud."
Fox News anchor Alisyn Camerota falsely claimed that Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) lawyers Laurie Williams and Allan Zabel "questioned the science behind global warming policy" in a YouTube video that is critical of cap-and-trade proposals, and Fox News reporter William La Jeunesse suggested that the EPA's demand that the lawyers take down and edit the video to remove some of the references to the EPA violates President Obama's vow "to take the politics out of science." In fact, in the video, Williams and Zabel affirmed the scientific case for action against global warming and called for "carbon fees" with rebates to address the problem.
Right-wing blogs the Drudge Report and BigGovernment.com are promoting a London Telegraph article on an Australian scientist's arguments that carbon dioxide emissions are "not causing" the Earth to warm, that global warming is natural, and that it is not caused by human emissions. However, one of geologist Ian Plimer's central assertions in the article -- that volcanoes are the primary source for carbon dioxide in the atmosphere -- is false; moreover, Plimer's claims about global warming have been widely criticized and challenged by other experts.
On his radio show, Glenn Beck claimed that "in the cap-and-trade legislation that is being proposed, the president has new emergency powers" that would allow him to "take over industries" if greenhouse gas levels reach a certain level, echoing other conservative media outlets that have claimed that the legislation requires the president to declare a "climate emergency" and "act like strong man Hugo Chavez." But the legislation explicitly directs the president to respond within existing statutory authority and to present to Congress any recommendations for legislative action.
From the November 10 edition of Fox News' Hannity:
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From The Fox Nation, accessed on November 10:
Limbaugh "surprised" at amount of children in World Wildlife Fund ad "given their views on abortion and humans causing climate destruction"
From the November 10 edition of Premiere Radio Networks' The Rush Limbaugh Show:
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From the November 10 edition of Premiere Radio Networks' The Rush Limbaugh Show:
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In a November 7 Newsweek column, George Will claimed that global warming "has not increased" for 11 years and suggested that the world may be cooling in order to attack an October 31 Newsweek profile of former Vice President Al Gore. Scientists and statisticians reject Will's claim that recent temperatures are evidence that there is no global warming as they have rejected many of Will's previous claims about global warming.
In arguing against the pursuit of global warming policies, Bjorn Lomborg wrote in a Wall Street Journal op-ed that "[c]utting carbon emissions will likely increase water scarcity, because global warming is expected to increase average rainfall levels around the world." In fact, Lomborg's argument ignores that while scientists predict that climate change may increase precipitation globally, they believe some areas will experience more flooding because of the rainfall, whereas others will be disproportionately affected by drought.
After repeatedly publishing and failing to correct George Will's false and misleading claims about global warming, The Washington Post published Will's November 8 column bragging that "a Pew poll shows that only 57 percent of Americans think there is solid evidence of global warming, down 20 points in three years." Will has previously misrepresented sea ice data and forwarded other global warming misinformation in the pages of the Post.
From the November 6 edition of Fox News' Hannity:
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An Investor's Business Daily editorial falsely claimed that Al Gore "still claims" hurricanes "are increasing in frequency and intensity" as a result of global warming and that "[w]hat has happened in the past three years is that such claims have been thoroughly debunked as the earth has cooled, possibly for decades hence." In fact, Gore has said that there is no consensus that warming is causing more frequent hurricanes, and the author of the study IBD claims has "debunked" predictions about the effect of warming on tropical cyclone (TC) intensity has stated that his findings "do not contradict the recent climate change/TC linkage literature."
From the November 5 edition of Fox News' America's Newsroom:
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Used Scion xA Reviews
Autobytel has reviews that will walk you around a car, give you a peek under the hood and get you behind the wheel with an industry expert. Browse by category or get into a specific brand to see how well a car does when put to the test.
Showing 1 of 1 reviews for this vehicle
Kelley Blue Book ® - 2004 Scion xA OverviewVehicle Overview from Kelley Blue Book
Body xA = Fun Once upon a time, Toyota dominated the small car market with such names as Tercel, FX16 and...


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Medico Pace IndiaNew Delhi, Delhi
Products & Services
- View All ▼
Company Profile
Medico S.p.A. was founded in 1973 and it still is a private and indipendent firm. Since more than 30 years it works in cardio-stimulation field with the aim to guarantee to physicians and patients an high level standard of technology.
Fact Sheet
|Year of Establishment
|Nature of Business
|Number of Employees
26 to 50 People
Rs. 50 Lakh - 1 Crore ( or US$ 100 K - 200 K Approx.)
Contact UsMedico Pace India Tapash Mazumder+91-9818230476
H- 58, Sarita Vihar
New Delhi - 110076
Delhi, India
New Delhi - 110076
Delhi, India
Send your enquiry to this supplier


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- Shopping Bag ( 0 items )
From the Publisher"This is first-rate biography and first-rate history....It is a book about the deepening and broadening of a rather shallow and frivolous aristocrat who entered diplomacy as an escape after the joys of Groton and Harvard....It is also a book about the coming of age of American diplomacy between the world wars. Finally, and most absorbingly, it is about the collision course with Japan from 1932 onward, when Grew arrived in Tokyo as our Ambassador."—The New England Quarterly
"A well written biography....Sharpens our knowledge of U.S.-Japanese relations.—Choice
"The book is full of meat and tells much of our recent history that should not be forgotten."—Saturday Review
"Heinrichs has carefully detailed his subject's trek through time....An excellent first effort in the field of diplomatic biography."—The Journal of American History
"[A] carefully researched and well-written study."—The Review of Politics


text:
Suite 10
2300 Freeport Road
New Kensington, PA 15068
Licensed for 43 years
Go back to Daniel's profile
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- News
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It can really only be viewed as outstanding news.
This week, the provincial government announced that 104 fewer people have died as a result of alcohol-related crashes since the launch of the immediate roadside prohibition program in September of 2010.
The data shows a 46 per cent drop from the average number of 114 alcohol-related deaths over the previous five years.
Obviously, that's 114 too many but it shows the get-tough measures are working.
Province-wide, the number of alcohol-related driving deaths dropped to 66 in the first year of the program and 58 in the second.
On Vancouver Island, there were 12 alcohol-related deaths during the first year of the government's program, compared to 21 deaths over the five years before the government implemented its IRP program.
Here in Nanaimo, the numbers mirror the provincial trend.
According to Cpl. Norm Smith, numbers have dropped from 180 impaired-driving cases each year to approximately 100.
That's a welcome change from earlier this year when Nanaimo police voiced their disappointment at the continued efforts of locals to drive after having too much booze.
Since you can't legislate away stupidity, the problem will never completely be eradicated.
The hardcore drunks aren't generally worried about anyone but themselves.
However, we've now had an entire generation of Counter Attack ads, police roadblocks, groups like Mothers Against Drunk Driving and endless media campaigns to get the message across.
It would be awfully hard to find someone of driving age today who has not seen the message.
Most of us know now not to have that one extra drink when we're out for a meal or hanging out after a sporting event.
It doesn't mean you can't have fun or consume a legal product - it just means you have to be smart about it.
This isn't an example of an overactive nanny state or a cash grab.
It is a measure designed to protect all of us and it's hard to find a reason for anyone to complain. What is most different now is the immediate roadside prohibition program.
Drivers who provide a breath sample that shows a blood alcohol content reading not less than .05 (considered a 'warn' reading) face immediate driving prohibitions of three, seven, or 30 days, depending on number of prior roadside screening incidents.
If you have a job, losing your licence for even that short a period of time is significant.
Those who blow above the legal limit of .08 or refuse to provide a breath sample face an automatic 90-day driving prohibition and 30-day impoundment period for their vehicle.
Again, direct and immediate punishment.
Drivers can also face between $600 and $4,000 in fines.
The pocketbook is always a powerful motivational force. If the penalties are perceived as harsh, that's too bad.
They should be. There is no reason whatsoever to drink and drive. That message should resonate even more strongly than usual at this time of year.
Despite the favourable numbers we've just listed, police expect the usual uptick in drinking-driving incidents during the holiday season.
Again, there's no reason for this. There are so many options (Operation Red Nose, cabs, buses, friends) out there.
Anyone who takes their life (and the lives of others) into their hands absolute deserves the harshest of penalties.
" We want to hear from you. Send comments on this editorial to firstname.lastname@example.com.


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|By Raj Giri
|December 25, 2012 | Comments
Got a news tip or correction? Send it to us by clicking here.
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The Rock Talks His Girlfriend, Vince McMahon Telling Him To Stop Blading, Wrestling Vs. Movies
Dolph Ziggler Now Saying He Has NOT Signed A New WWE Contract
Jamie Noble Update, WWE Diva Waiting On A Push, Lana Or Dolph Ziggler On RAW Pre-show?, New Day
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Two More Big TNA Departures


text:
- Course Type: Undergraduate
- Course Code: TR071
- No. of Places:
- Min Entry Points 2014: 505* points
- Duration: 4 Year(s) Full Time
- Award: B.A.
- Course Options:
Students who wish to study Chemistry for their degree apply to the Science degree (TR071) and may select Chemistry as their specialist subject for the 3rd and 4th years.
Junior Freshman (first) year prerequisite: Chemistry CH1101 and Chemistry CH1102 plus Mathematics or Mathematical methods.
Senior Freshman (second year) prerequisite: Chemistry CH2201 and CH2202.
For details of the first two years of the Science course, including entry requirements, see TR071: Science (common entry).
Chemistry is also an integral part of the following courses:
TR074: Chemistry with molecular modelling
TR075: Medicinal chemistry
TR076: Nanoscience, physics and chemistry of advanced materials
- How to apply: See how to apply
Apply****Essential Maintenance****
Due to essential maintenance the my.tcd.ie portal will be unavailable on Thursday 2 July 2015 from 7.30-8.30am.
We apologise for any inconvenience caused.****Essential Maintenance****
Notice: Limited my.tcd.ie read only access will be available on Monday 6, Tuesday 7, and Wednesday 8 July, 2015 inclusive due to the annual Academic Rollover process.
We apologise for any inconvenience caused.To apply to this course, click on the relevant Apply Link below
Non-EU Applicants
- Science, 4 Year(s) Full Time, Closing Date: 01/FEB/2015
Mature Student - Supplementary Application FormRead the information about how to apply as a mature student, then select the link below to complete the TCD Supplementary Application Form for mature students.
- Science, Closing Date: 01/JUN/2015
Advanced Entry ApplicationsRead the information about how to apply for Advanced Entry, then select the link below to apply.
What is Chemistry?
Chemistry is a central science. Without it, many modern disciplines, such as materials science, molecular biology and environmental science, would not be possible. Modern chemistry and chemical technology are vital and are major contributors to modern lifestyle in areas as diverse as food production, health, medicines and communications. Chemists are molecular engineers involved in developing novel target compounds for applications as diverse as pharmaceuticals and drugs, photo- and electro-responsive materials, and polymers and catalysts.
What will you study?
Junior Sophister (third year) modules will cover the three main disciplines:
- Inorganic chemistry - organometallic chemistry, catalysis, group theory, bio-inorganic chemistry, spectroscopic methods, identification and characterisation of compounds, inorganic polymers
- Organic chemistry - organic synthesis, spectroscopy, stereochemistry, heterocyclic chemistry, reaction mechanisms, amino acid and peptide synthesis
- Physical chemistry - macromolecules and interfacial chemistry, spectroscopy, quantum chemistry, kinetics, electrochemistry, thermodynamics, analytical chemistry, chemisorption and catalysis
In addition there are modules on environmental chemistry, computer programming, maths and physics, and you have the option of taking complementary modules from other disciplines.
Lectures are complemented by laboratory experimental classes where you will gain experience in more sophisticated preparative chemical techniques and will also be able to carry out your own spectroscopic analyses and computer-based modelling.
In the Senior Sophister (fourth) year, lectures consist of core fundamental material and an extensive range of optional courses that allow each student to develop her/his own particular interests. The practical component of this year is an extended research project, which you will carry out from September to December. This may be conducted in Trinity or in an academic laboratory abroad. A wide range of projects at the forefront of chemistry are available within the many research areas located in the School.
Study abroad
The School of Chemistry has exchange agreements with a large number of other universities where students carry out their final-year research projects, from September to December. Centres where students have completed their research projects in recent years have included Vienna, Berlin, Bologna, Toulouse and Utrecht in Europe and McGill and Duke Universities in North America. The areas of research cover modern chemical interests such as cancer chemotherapy and DNA chemistry, through device fabrication and materials processing, to homogeneous catalysis and supramolecular chemistry.
You will be assessed by a combination of continuous assessment and end-of-year examinations.
Career opportunities
The chemical and pharmaceutical industries, which contribute some 20% to Ireland's exports, are excellent employers of Trinity's chemistry graduates. Former graduates of chemistry are working in companies such as Henkel, Pfizer, Glaxo-Smith-Kline and Bristol Meyers Squibb. Patent offices, government advisory and information services, libraries, public analytical laboratories, schools and third-level institutions also employ chemists. Or you may decide to carry out postgraduate research leading to a higher degree either in Trinity or in another university in Ireland or abroad. Other equally successful routes graduates have taken in the past include careers in the business and financial-services sectors, and in management.
Did you know?
As well as offering a broad choice of topics for study in the traditional areas of chemistry (organic, inorganic and physical chemistry), the School of Chemistry has research strengths in the cutting-edge areas of medicinal and biological chemistry, materials and nano-chemistry, and computational chemistry.
Students can select a range of lecture courses from topics as diverse as the chemistry of cancer, biological polymers and synthetic materials, metal chelation therapy, catalysis and molecular recognition and synthetic receptors, providing fascinating illustrations of the basic modes of chemical reactivity. These topics are used to review important chemical principles, to gain insight into the history of discovery, and to become acquainted with cutting-edge research that fills the pages of the scientific literature and occasionally enters those of the popular press.
Further information
Tel: +353 1 896 1726 / 2040
Graduate Profile
Dr. Serena Corr
Ph.D, School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin
Currently: Postdoctoral Researcher, Materials Research Lab, University of California, Santa Barbara
I began my Ph.D in 2002, after completing my undergraduate degree in Chemistry in Trinity College. As part of the final year degree programme in Chemistry, I carried out a 3 month research project under the supervision of Professor Yurii Gun'ko and I was delighted to begin a Ph.D as part of his research group. My research focused on the preparation, functionalisation and characterisation of magnetic nanoparticles for potential biomedical applications. I loved my time at Trinity College and doing a Ph.D at the School of Chemistry was one of my best experiences. I had the opportunity to carry out an exciting research project and to contribute to a fascinating field of materials chemistry. Not only did I get to work in a great research group, but I got the chance to collaborate with other groups in the School of Chemistry, Physics, Clinical Medicine and Neuroscience. As part of my experience as a Ph.D student, I travelled to conferences and meetings around the world to present some of our results. It was through one conference in Japan that I was offered a postdoctoral position at the Materials Research Laboratory at the University of California, Santa Barbara, where I am currently carrying out research on metal oxide nanowires. I thoroughly enjoyed my time as a postgraduate in Trinity and my experience there has really helped me in my current position.


text:
Show detailed map of this area
Length in km (7,6)
4 hours
Coach/truck parking, Food and beverage service, Open part of year, Parking, Toilet
Marked trails with colour grading, Medium
Difference in altitude (350m), Fjord, Forest, Major pathway, Mountains, Total ascent (350)
April, August, July, June, May, October, September
The Pulpit Rock (Preikestolen), the most famous tourist attraction in Ryfylke, towers an impressive 604 metres over the Lysefjord. The plateau is approximately 25 x 25 metres, flat and you can enjoy a spectacular view of the Lysefjord and surrounding mountains. Along the trail, there are picnic areas and excellent bathing spots. Remember proper walking shoes/boots, walking sticks, warm clothing and food.2 hours hike from Preikestolhytta to Preikestolen (one way).Season: April - October.How to get to Preikestolen:By public transportation in main seson: Ferry from Fiskepirterminalen in Stavanger to Tau and corresponding bus to Preikestolen Fjellstue where you start the hike, Boreal or Tide Buss/Norled.By public transportation in low seson: Ferry from Stavanger to Tau and corresponding bus to Jørpeland. The remaining part of the way is by taxi from Jørpeland to Preikestolen fjellstue (around 9 km).
By car: Drive to Lauvvik and cross with ferry from Lauvvik to Oanes and continue along Rv 13 and follow the signs to Preikestolen. Or go by ferry from Stavanger to Tau (40 minutes) and drive south on National Tourist Route Ryfylke following the signs to Preikestolen. It is also wonderful to experience the Pulpit Rock from the fjord, either from a sightseeing boat or from a car ferry going from Lauvvik, Oanes, Stavanger, or from several other places of call on Lysefjorden. See timetable at www.norled.no or www.rodne.noMore about Preikestolen!The Pulpit Rock is also published as an attraction in the Ryfylke Multiguide - a free app for your smartphone.
Travelling from the south, The National Tourist Route Ryfylke starts at the mouth of the Lysefjord in Ryfylke. This is where you first get to encounter Fjord Norway at the Lysefjord in Ryfylke.
This 40 kilometre long fjord, with its fascinating...
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National Tourist Route Ryfylke
The National Tourist Route Ryfylke through Ryfylke, which opened in 2011, is one of the longest of Norway's 18 National Tourist Routes. The route through Ryfylke – from Oanes by the Lysefjord to Hårå in Røldal – is 183 kilometres long and travels Rv. 13...
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Preikestolen (Pulpit Rock)
The Pulpit Rock (Preikestolen), the most famous tourist attraction in Ryfylke, towers an impressive 604 metres over the Lysefjord. In old times, the plateau was called Hyvlatånnå ("planed tooth"). This flat mountain plateau, approximately 600 square...
Read more about Preikestolen (Pulpit Rock)
Preikestolen Tourist Information
Preikestolen Tourist Information is situated by Preikestolen parking, which is the starting point for a hike to Preikestolen. At the tourist information you will find information about hiking, the National Tourist Route Ryfylke, accommodation,...
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Forsand Tourist Information
Forsand municipality in southern Ryfylke includes the Lysefjord, Pulpit Rock and Kjerag. Forsand with its 1150 inhabitants has one of the smallest populations of any municipality in Rogaland. At the same time, with a spacious 840 km2, it is one of the...
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The Fjords DA - tourist carferry on the Lysefjord
Tourist ferry on the Lysefjord.
One of the most famous fjords in the Ryfylke region is Lysefjorden. The fjord is 42 km long with rocky walls falling nearly vertically over 1000 m into the water. This is undoubtedly one of the highlights of Norwegian...
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Hiking adventure Pulpit Rock (Tide Buss and Norled)
Hiking adventure Pulpit Rock - ferry + bus combination ticket (Tide Buss and Norled)
Join our tour by ferry and coach to Preikestolen parking, from where you can hike to the famous view point Preikestolen to admire the spectacular views of the...
Read more about Hiking adventure Pulpit Rock (Tide Buss and Norled)
Reisemål Ryfylke AS | NO-4130 Hjelmeland
Tel: +47 51 75 95 10 | E-mail: email@example.com
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Jungle usually refers to a dense forest in a hot climate, such as a tropical rainforest. The word Jungle originates from the Sanskrit word Jangala which means a desert or uncultivated land. The term Jungle is prevalent in many colloquial languages of the Indian subcontinent and generally used to refer a dense tropical forest or a swamp. About 6% of the Earth's land mass is classified as jungle. Jungles are vital to sustaining the ecosystems of the Earth as we know it. About 57% of all species live in jungle environments. The term may still be used in a technical context to describe the forest biome rainforest, a forest characterised by extensive biodiversity and densely tangled undergrowth including young trees, vines and lianas, and herbaceous plants. As a forest biome, "jungles" are present in both equatorial and tropical climatic zones, and are associated with preclimax stages of the rainforest. For this reason, jungle is to be distinguished from tropical rainforest in that the former is a profuse thicket of tropical shrubs, vines, and small trees growing in areas outside the light-blocking canopy of a tropical rainforest. Hence, 'jungle' is often found at the edges of climax rain-forests, where human activity may increase sunlight penetration.
Not all regions called "jungles" would qualify as "rain forests" because many would apply "jungle" to the forests of northern Thailand or southern Guangdong in China: but scientifically, these are "monsoon forests" or "tropical deciduous forests" but not "rain forests".
The term "The Law of the Jungle" is also used in this kind of context, drawn from Rudyard Kipling's The Jungle Book (1894) - though in the society of jungle animals portrayed in that book and obviously meant as a metaphor for human society, that phrase referred to an intricate code of laws which Kipling describes in detail, and not at all to a lawless chaos.
The "Cities in Flight" science fiction series by James Blish depicted spaceborne cities flying through the galaxy, which the writer compared to Hobos or Okies of space. The term "jungle", borrowed from the above Hobo term, is used for an area of space where such flying cities congregate.


text:
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text:
Just curious for the moms with babies at home-did anyone have low PAPP-A levels of 0.08 and had a successful full term or close to full term birth?
Any birth stories with a PAPP-A .08?
Posted 01/22/2013
Comments (3)
Posted 01/22/2013
Hi there,
My PAPP-A was 0.05. I am being induced on Sunday night. Not because of any placenta problems... more for convenience. I'm sure your doctor will monitor you very closely. I had my last NST today and never had an issue. I think the doctors are able to determin the function of the placenta by the NST. They will measure the fluid as well as monitor the heartbeat. I believe that those two indications allows them to know that the placenta is functioning.
Posted 01/22/2013
p.s. I'm full term. Will be 39 weeks when I deliver!
Lovesmybabes · Original Poster
Posted 01/22/2013
Awesome! Thank you for that, I needed it :) I hope the induction works fast and baby is delivered without a hitch! Wishing you and baby the very best!


text:
Wednesday, March 3, 2010
© Copyright 2015 Newton Citizen
CONYERS -- Using a mix of quick thinking, musical experience, prayer and the talent of a few local bands, Matthew Eldridge has created a compilation of music to help the earthquake victims in Haiti.
"I came up with the idea for the benefit CD when praying and asking the Lord, 'What can I give?'" Eldridge said.
The CD, titled "Helping Haiti," presented by Band Together: Conyers for a Cause, a consortium of local bands, is available for $10 and can be obtained by calling Eldridge at 770-364-3990.
Listeners can also pick up a copy of the CD (for $7) at a concert debuting the music at 5:30 p.m. Saturday at Zion Baptist Church, 7037 Ga. Highway 212 in Covington. Admission to the concert is free.
"None of the artists or bands are receiving any royalties from the CD," Eldridge said. "One hundred percent of the proceeds are going to help the victims in Haiti through the organization Food For The Poor."
A nonprofit, Food For The Poor is a Christian agency which supplies food, emergency relief assistance, water, medicine, education, homes, support for orphans and the elderly, skills training and development assistance for the poor in the Caribbean and Latin America.
A Conyers resident, Eldridge is a professional musician and has led worship for several churches and events in his musical career. This isn't the first time he has helped to make a benefit CD. In 2001, his song "Never Be The Same" was released in a United Way compilation benefit CD to raise money for the 9/11 victims. Eldridge's song was one among many by well-known artists such as Peter Frampton, 7Mary3 and Chris Barron of the Spin Doctors.
For the "Helping Haiti" CD, Eldridge penned the song "What Can I Give?" in less than 20 minutes one night while he and his band, Raising Lazarus, were guests at a local youth group gathering.
"My guitar player was playing around on the guitar a few minutes before we started the service. I loved the music he was playing and the words just came out," Eldridge said.
The CD not only features Eldridge's newest song, but also 11 other local artists and bands, five of which will perform at the Saturday evening concert, including Erik Lauristen, Jeff Chandler, For Instance, Raising Lazarus and A Love Not Lost. For Instance will debut their song, "Tearing Me Down," and Lauristen will share his newest, "Storms."
Chandler, who contributed the song, "I Know You're There," a hit single on the Christian station airwaves, said making the CD allows musicians to contribute something tangible to the people of Haiti.
"The Bible says if you say to someone, 'Be warmed and filled,' and send them away empty, then you've really done nothing. But this (making of the CD) gives us a chance to pray that Haiti can be warmed and filled and also to send money," Chandler said. "Basically, we are putting our money where our mouth is."
For more information, call Matthew Eldridge at 770-364-3990 or e-mail him at email@example.com.
More like this story
- Conyers musician releases rock album, 'Wide Awake' ( January 10, 2013 )
- St. Simon's Episcopal hosts bluegrass concert benefit ( December 8, 2011 )
- Banding together: Local bands to perform in festival ( March 9, 2010 )
- Concert series kicks off with Buffett tribute band ( May 31, 2012 )
- Southern Folk Advent features traditional shape-note singing ( December 1, 2011 )


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NASA ice expert Claire Parkinson does the math on global sea ice and confirms that small gains around Antarctica do not cancel out large losses in the Arctic.
The current drought in the Southwest is not drier or longer-lasting than historic episodes documented in tree rings, but the current dry conditions stand out from the historical record by being hotter, according to Jonathan Overpeck, professor of geosciences at the University of Arizona.
Each year, following months of number crunching and fact-checking, hundreds of climate and earth scientists contribute to a global-scale evaluation of climate and environmental conditions over the previous year. This analysis--our planet's annual check up--is known as the State of the Climate report. Highlights of the 2011 State of the Climate report include wild weather extremes, a double-dip La Niña, and continued evidence of long-term climate warming.


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A method for manufacturing complex shape memory alloy materials is described. The method comprises generating a particulate form of a shape memory alloy, combining the particulate with a binder, molding, heating (which may include the steps of debinding and sintering), and thermo-mechanical processing. The method allows for the formation of complex shape memory alloy materials that exhibit the desirable properties of shape memory alloys, namely shape memory and superelasticity.
1. A method for manufacturing products from shape memory alloys comprising:
generating a particulate form of at least one shape memory alloy;
combining the particulate shape memory alloy with a binder to form a feedstock;
molding the feedstock into a desired shape to produce a formed product;
at least partially debinding the formed product to produce a debound formed product;
heating the at least partially debound formed product to produce a sintered product; and
thermo-mechanical processing the sintered product.
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31. A method for manufacturing complex shapes from nitinol comprising the steps of:
combining particulate nitinol with a binder to form a feedstock;
molding the feedstock into a desired shape;
heating; and
thermo-mechanical processing.
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45. A method for manufacturing three-dimensional medical devices from shape memory alloys comprising the steps of:
providing a particulate form of nickel-titanium alloy;
combining the particulate nickel-titanium alloy with a binder to form a feedstock;
injection molding the feedstock into a desired shape to produce a formed product;
debinding the formed product in one or more steps to produce the debound product, wherein at least one debinding step includes solvent debinding;
heating the debound formed product to produce a sintered product; and
thermo-mechanical processing the sintered product.
46. A method for manufacturing three-dimensional medical devices from shape memory alloys comprising the steps of:
providing a particulate form of nickel-titanium alloy;
combining the particulate nickel-titanium alloy with a binder to form a feedstock;
injection molding the feedstock into a desired shape to produce a formed product;
subjecting the formed product to a first debinding agent;
subjecting the formed product to a second debinding agent;
wherein the steps of subjecting the formed product to a first debinding agent and subjecting the formed product to a second debinding agent result in the production of the debound product;
heating the debound product to produce a sintered product; and
thermo-mechanical processing the sintered product.
47. A method for manufacturing three-dimensional medical devices from shape memory alloys comprising the steps of:
providing atomized nickel-titanium alloy;
combining the atomized nickel-titanium alloy with a binder to form a feedstock;
injection molding the feedstock into a desired shape to produce a formed product;
solvent debinding the formed product;
heat debinding the formed product;
wherein the steps of solvent debinding and heat debinding produce the debound product;
sintering the debound formed product to produce a sintered product; and
thermo-mechanical processing the sintered product.
1. Technical Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing products from shape memory alloys, particularly nickel-titanium (Ni—Ti) alloys such as nitinol, using injection-molding techniques. Moreover, the method relates to the molding of nitinol into complex shapes and imparting the desired properties of nitinol, namely shape memory and superelasticity.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Shape memory metal alloys are combinations of metals that possess the ability to return to a previously defined shape when subjected to an appropriate temperature. Although a wide variety of shape memory alloys exist, only those that can recover from a significant amount of strain, or those that generate significant force while changing shape are considered commercially valuable. Examples of such alloys include nickel-titanium alloys (Ni—Ti) such as nitinol and copper based alloys. In the medical device community nitinol has received a great deal of attention not only for its shape memory and superelastic properties but also its biocompatibility.
Nitinol has two temperature-dependent forms. The low temperature form is called martensite. The martensitic form of nitinol is characterized by a zigzag-like arrangement of microstructure referred to as "self-accommodating twins". Martensitic nitinol is soft and easily deformed into new shapes. When martensitic nitinol is exposed to higher temperatures, it undergoes a transformation (sometimes called the thermoelastic martensitic transformation) to its stronger, high temperature form called austenite. The austenite form of nitinol is less amenable to deformation.
The unique properties of shape memory alloys such as nitinol, particularly shape memory and superelasticity, are inherent based upon a phase transformation from a low temperature martensite form to the stronger, high temperature austenite. This transformation occurs not at a specific point, but rather over a range of temperatures. The key temperature points that define the transformation, beginning with the lowest temperature, are the martensitic finishing temperature (Mf), the martensitic starting temperature (Ms), the austenite starting temperature (As), and finally the austenite finishing temperature (Af). At temperatures above Af, nitinol possesses the desired properties of shape memory and superelasticity. Moreover, the transformation also exhibits hysteresis in that the transformations occurring upon heating and cooling do not overlap.
Shape memory is a unique property of shape memory alloys that enables a deformed martensitic form to revert to a previously defined shape with great force. An illustrative example of how shape memory properties work is a nitinol wire with its "memory" set as a tightly coiled, unexpanded spring. While in the martensitic form, the spring is easily expanded and if a constant force is applied to the spring, such as a weight pulling downward on a vertically placed spring, the spring expands. But, when the temperature of the spring is increased above the transformation temperature, the spring "remembers" its predefined state and returns to its uncoiled state. This can occur with significant force. For example, the force could be enough to lift the weight.
The mechanism of shape memory is based upon the crystal fragments or grains. When the memory is set, the grains assume a specific orientation. When martensitic nitinol is deformed, the grains assume an alternate orientation based upon the deformation. Shape memory takes place when deformed martensitic nitinol is heated above its transformation temperature so as to allow the grains to return to their previously defined orientation. When this occurs, the nitinol "remembers" its predefined state, based upon the grain orientation, and returns to its predefined state.
Superelasticity is a second unique property of shape memory alloys. This property is observed when the alloy is deformed at a temperature slightly above the transformational temperature and the alloy returns to the original orientation. An illustrative example of this effect is a nitinol wire wrapped around a cylindrical object, such as a mandrel. When nitinol exhibiting superelastic properties is coiled around a mandrel multiple times and then released, it will rapidly uncoil and assume its original shape. A non-superelastic nitinol wire would tend to yield and conform to the mandrel. Superelasticity is caused by the stress-induced formation of some martensite above its normal temperature. Therefore, when nitinol is deformed at these elevated temperatures, the martensite reverts to the undeformed austenite state when the stress is removed.
Manufacturing of molded metal or metal alloy products traditionally has been accomplished by casting, powder metallurgy, or powder injection molding techniques. Casting involves the melting of the metal or alloy and forming the product in a mold or die. Powder metallurgy generally involves the molding of particulate metal, often by using die and piston compaction. Powder injection molding is a refinement of powder metallurgy wherein atomized or particulate metals or alloys are molded by injection into a mold. Powder injection molding requires smaller particulate matter than other powder metallurgy techniques and generally results in parts that have greater density.
Traditional powder metallurgy techniques have generally not worked in the formation nitinol products. To better understand the reasons for this, the importance of crystal fragments, or grains, need to be further considered. Grains are the fundamental microscopic units of metal structures. The arrangement and size of grains can have a major impact on both the desirable properties of nitinol and the ability to thermo-mechanically process nitinol so as to impart the desirable properties. For example, when traditional powder metallurgy techniques are used on standard alloys, the result is grains of a random orientation. Nitinol with this grain configuration does not have shape memory or superelastic properties. In order to impart the desired properties, cold or hot working must occur so as to align the grains in a specific orientation amenable to thermo-mechanical processing.
Casting results in similar observations and, therefore, cast nitinol does not have shape memory or superelastic properties. Casting of nitinol also results in enlarged grains. In order to impart the desirable properties into cast nitinol, cold or hot working again needs to occur so as to align the grains in a conformation suitable for thermo-mechanical processing. When typical preparations of nitinol, such as wire, are manufactured, a cast nitinol product is used that is then drawn or rolled so as to appropriately align the grains. Using these techniques, which are well known in the art, nitinol wire can be readily produced.
Because working is required to impart shape memory and superelasticity into cast nitinol, the ability to form complex shapes using traditional casting techniques is limited. The manufacturing of finished parts from nitinol has generally been accomplished by starting with preshaped, semifinished nitinol in the form of a rod, tube, strip, sheet, or wire. The preshaped, semifinished nitinol can then be cold worked to produce the desired object. A novel method for manufacturing shape memory alloys, such as nitinol, into complex shapes while imparting the desired properties would prove beneficial.
In addition to the drawbacks related to grain structure, another difficulty associated with manufacturing formed nitinol parts is the high reactivity of nitinol with oxygen. Atomization of nitinol complicates this difficulty by increasing the surface area where oxidation can take place. When nitinol reacts with oxygen, its properties can vary greatly. Partially oxidized nitinol has a differing transformation temperature, different sintering requirements, and may lack shape memory or superelastic properties. Additionally, partially oxidized nitinol may become brittle and difficult to work. High oxygen reactivity has limited the use of traditional powder metallurgy techniques on nitinol.
In addition to oxygen, nitinol can readily react with nitrogen, carbon, and other elements. Similar to oxygen, introduction of even a small amount of impurities from these elements can cause a change in the properties of nitinol. The most significant effect is changing the range of the transformational temperature. This can have an effect on the utility of a product. Reactivity with oxygen or other elements limits the ability to manufacture complex nitinol shapes using traditional powder metallurgy techniques. Application of current powder metallurgy and casting methods to nitinol, therefore, limits the ability to manufacture nitinol parts with complex shapes and then impart the desirable properties. A novel method for the manufacturing of shape memory alloys, for example nitinol, into complex shapes while imparting the desirable properties would prove beneficial.
A preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises a method for manufacturing complex shapes from atomized or particulate shape memory alloys while imparting the desired properties of shape memory and superelasticity. An exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes the use of atomized nitinol to form complex formed nitinol materials that exhibit the desired shape memory and superelastic properties.
An embodiment of the current invention includes combining the atomized nitinol with a binder. The binder can help the atomized nitinol retain its shape after being removed from the mold and helps to reduce air pocket formation during molding. The binder comprises at least one substance including, but not limited to, wax, plastic, or surfactant. One skilled in the art would be familiar with developing an appropriate binder for use with most embodiments of the current invention. It is further conceivable that an embodiment of the current invention may include methods that do not include the use of a binder.
The mixture of atomized nitinol and binder, referred to as a feedstock, is used for injection molding in the preferred embodiment of the current invention. The feedstock is loaded into injection molding equipment and molded according to a protocol familiar to one skilled in the art.
In a preferred embodiment of the current invention, following molding, the newly formed material can be removed from the mold and subjected to at least one debinding step. During an early debinding step, some of the binder is removed, which open up pores for subsequent binder removal. In an exemplary embodiment of the current invention, an early debinding step may include solvent debinding.
After the end of early debinding, a second debinding step can occur in a preferred embodiment of the current invention. This late debinding step preferably includes heating or another debinding method known by one skilled in the art. Late debinding usually finishes the debinding process and results in the removal of some, most, or all of the binder components.
After debinding, in a preferred embodiment of the current invention, the process of sintering begins. Sintering, familiar to one skilled in the art, preferably includes the use of heat to close the pores within the formed material and increases the density the product. Sintering usually results in uniform shrinking of the formed product. One skilled in the art would be familiar with shrinking associated with sintering and would be capable of designing products while accounting for this shrinking.
In the preferred embodiment of the invention, after the formed product is sintered it can be subjected to thermo-mechanical processing. Thermo-mechanical processing includes mechanical working methods such as cold or hot working, and heat treatment. In an exemplary embodiment of the current invention, cold or hot working can occur in order to arrange the grain structure appropriately so as to make the formed part amenable to heat treatment. Most of the methods of hot and cold working known by those skilled in the art results in changing the shape of the area to be worked. For example, cold working nitinol wire by drawing results in transforming a shape with a relatively larger cross-sectional area to one with a relatively smaller cross-sectional area.
Heat treatment comprises the means for imparting the desired properties of shape memory and superelasticity into formed nitinol materials. Thermo-mechanical processing results in the appropriate alignment of grains within the microstructure of the part for imparting the desired properties. The preferred embodiment of the current invention includes heat treatment of a sintered, debound, formed product to impart desirable shape memory and superelastic properties. Alternate embodiments include heat treatment on products that may have omitted one or more of the steps prior to heat treatment. Additionally, in an exemplary embodiment of the invention heat treatment may be localized to a region of the formed product.
FIG. 1 shows a schematic drawing demonstrating a preferred embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic representation of the invention in a preferred embodiment. The starting material is preferably an atomized or particulate shape memory alloy. The shape memory alloy generally comprises more than one element including, but not limited to, nickel, titanium, copper, gold, aluminum, manganese, iron, platinum, cobalt, palladium, silicon, carbon, beryllium, tin, and gallium.
In an exemplary embodiment of the current invention the starting material comprises atomized Ni—Ti alloy (nitinol). Particulate shape memory alloys, including nitinol, can be generated by multiple methods. In the preferred embodiment of the invention the generation of particulate nitinol occurs by atomization 12. The process of atomization 12 consists of forcing molten nitinol through an orifice into a stream of high-velocity air, steam, or inert gas. The nitinol is separated into fine particles that rapidly lose heat and solidify. Methods of atomization are known by those skilled in the art and may include variations of the protocol described above. In alternate embodiments of the current invention particulate shape memory alloys can be produced by other methods known by those skilled in the art including gaseous reduction and electrolysis.
Atomization breaks down nitinol bar or bulk nitinol 10 into particulate or atomized nitinol 14. Atomized nitinol is understood to be a particulate form of nitinol that comprises a fine powdery substance that can be readily formed into a multiplicity of complex forms. Atomization can change the physical properties of nitinol by substantially increasing surface area and reducing the absolute amount of energy required to change the ambient temperature of a given individual piece.
By increasing the surface area, atomization can increase the probability of nitinol reacting with oxygen. When oxygen reacts with nitinol, the result can be changes in properties. These changes may include changes in transformation temperatures, changes in strength, and loss of ability to impart the desirable shape memory and superelastic properties. Atomized nitinol, therefore, is preferably maintained in a vacuum or in an atmosphere of one or more inert gases. For example, atomized nitinol can be purchased in closed glass containers under an inert atmosphere. Multiple forms of stock bulk nitinol are available commercially including wire of varying finishes (including as-drawn finish, polished, black oxide, and sandblasted), bar, rod, strip, sheet, and tubing.
The atomized nitinol powder 14 is preferably combined with a binder 16 through a physical means 18 including mixing, kneading, or stirring. The physical means of mixing atomized nitinol powder 14 with a binder 16 could take place in containers either connected to or not connected to the injection molding machinery. In alternative embodiments of the current invention, the binder may be mixed with the feedstock through an alternate means. The binder 16 comprises at least one substance including but not limited to plastics, waxes, and surfactants. The binder 16 can serve the purpose of assisting atomized nitinol 14 to retain its molded shape after injection molding 22 and minimizing air pocket formation during the molding process. The binder 16 can take on a multiplicity of formulations that can be tailored to a specific part. In general, the binder formulation may differ based upon the size of the formed part, the composition of the alloy, and the temperature required for debinding or sintering. One skilled in the art would be familiar with the process of developing a specific binder suitable for a particular embodiment of the current invention. Once combined with the binder, nitinol is less likely to react with oxygen. At this point, manufacturing may take place at more standard conditions.
The combined atomized nitinol and binder, hereafter referred to as the feedstock 20, is formed into the desired shape by injection molding 22. In this process, the feedstock 20 is formed by mixing the powder along with the binder, and then loaded into the injection-molding equipment. In an embodiment of the current invention, the feedstock 20 can be loaded into a hopper of the injection molding equipment and then injected into a mold at a multiplicity of pressure ranges that depend upon the equipment and method used. One skilled in the art would be familiar with the equipment used for and the process of injection molding suitable for any embodiment of the current invention.
In the preferred embodiment of the current invention, the mold is cooled or allowed sufficient time for the temperature to fall below the freezing point of the binder and the result is a solidified formed product 24 composed of particulate nitinol and binder. In an embodiment of the current invention, the injection molding equipment may be associated with a means for cooling formed materials. This embodiment may speed up the process of freezing or allow for greater control over the freezing process. The formed product 24 can then be removed from the mold and should retain its form. An alternate embodiment of the current invention can be conceived in which the steps that follow molding may take place while the formed product still remains in the mold.
In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the next step after molding the feedstock 20 into the formed product 24 is debinding. Debinding generally comprises an initial debinding step 26 such as solvent debinding. The initial debinding step may alternatively include one or more heating steps. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, debinding takes place after the formed product is removed from the injection molding equipment. Alternatively, debinding could begin or take place while the formed product is still contained within the molding equipment. Solvent debinding includes the treatment of the formed product with an appropriate solvent capable of dissolving at least one of the binder 16 components. This or another initial debinding step 26 is important since it can open small pores within the structure of the part that can allow the remaining binder to be removed without impact on the final structure.
Debinding of the partially debound product 28, in the preferred embodiment of the current invention, usually continues by moving the part to an oven or furnace for final debinding 30. While preferably in a oven, the remaining binder components can be removed by evaporation or another means. The specific temperatures required for debinding would depend upon the composition of the binder. This final debinding step 30 yields the debound formed product 32. It is further conceivable that in an additional embodiment of the current invention the final debinding step may or may not involve the use of heat. Further, the final debinding step may involve additional physical separation means including but not limited to solvent debinding, grinding, drilling, and scraping. In a further embodiment of the current invention, final debinding may not be required. In this embodiment, it would be assumed that initial debinding may be sufficient to remove the appropriate amount of binder or that removal of a major proportion of the binder is not required for the production of the final formed product.
Further heating of the debound formed product 32 begins the process of sintering 34 wherein the pores of the debound formed product 32 begin to seal. In one embodiment of the current invention, sintering may actually begin during a debinding step. Sintering conditions can vary and often control several physical properties of the finished part including hardness, grain size, and texture. Sintering generally comprises at least one step of heating over at least one temperature.
Sintering generally occurs in a high vacuum since oxidation readily takes place at typical sintering temperatures. Avoiding oxidation during sintering would be considered advantageous since oxidation would introduce impurities into the formed product. Impurities may causes changes in the physical properties of the sintered product including loss of shape memory, changes in transformational hysteresis, and changes in strength.
Often, greater than or equal to about 98 percent density can be achieved by sintering which implies that very few pores remain in the finished product. Uniform shrinking generally takes place during sintering that may reduce the final size of the product. This relative amount of shrinking may vary with the mass or composition of the final part but typically is constant and uniform. The result of sintering 34 the debound formed product 32 is the sintered product 36.
Similar to cast nitinol, sintered nitinol lacks the desirable properties of shape memory and superelasticity. In the case of cast nitinol, the grain structure is altered such that imparting the desirable properties into nitinol may not be easily accomplished. For example, the grains may be enlarged and oriented in a random configuration. When the grains are in this condition they must first be subject to a significant amount of cold or hot working so as to set the appropriate grain structure. The cold or hot working traditionally has taken the form of rolling, drawing, or a similar method.
In the preferred embodiment of the current invention, thermo-mechanical processing 38 can follow sintering 34. Thermo-mechanical processing 38 includes mechanical processing such as cold or hot working, and heat treatment. Multiple methods of cold and hot working metal are known in the prior art. Mechanical shaping at temperatures that produce strain hardening is known as cold working. Methods of cold working that may be included in an embodiment of the current invention include, but are not limited to, mechanical shaping, drawing, rolling, hammering, and deforming. Any of these methods or additional cold working methods could be applied to the current invention. Mechanical shaping at temperatures that do not produce strain hardening is known as hot working.
Because multiple metals or metal alloys can be subjected to hot or cold working, and because each starting material may have unique physical properties, hot and cold working does not generally take place at a particular temperature. Although mechanical working is considered an embodiment of the current invention, it may not be required to achieve the desired effect. Therefore, an additional embodiment of the current invention may include thermo-mechanical processing that does not include hot or cold working.
In the preferred embodiment of the current invention, after the desired amount of mechanical working, heat treatment takes place. Heat treatment involves heating the product to a specific temperature for a specific amount of time so as to set the grain structure and, more importantly, set the "memory" function of the shape memory alloy. Heat treatment is commonly used in the prior art for the purpose of adding additional strength to a manufactured product. Heat treatment offers no utility for improving strength in pure metals. This is because heat treatment enables differently sized atoms to be dispersed through the crystal structure in a manner appropriate for enabling optimal structure for strength. In the context of shape memory alloys, heat treatment enables appropriate arrangement of grains within the crystal structure of the alloy that serve as the "memory".
Additionally, thermo-mechanical processing can be limited to a localized area of the part. Heat treating of a specific region of a formed part may include using heating devices such as lasers, or by using typical methods of heat treatment from the prior art or modifications thereof Localized heat treatment may enable one skilled in the art to impart the desired properties of nitinol into larger, more complicated shaped regions of a formed product. Therefore, multiple embodiments of invention can be conceived that may include multiple means of localized heat treatment onto one or more regions of the sintered product. After thermo-mechanical processing is complete, the result is the finished formed product with shape memory alloy properties 40.
In general, cold and hot working can change the size and shape of the finished product. Therefore, an exemplary embodiment of the current invention would include molding a formed product that is undersized or oversized within the local region to be subjected to heat treatment. Because some level of cold or hot working would preferably occur so that heat treatment can impart the desirable properties of nitinol, it would be advantageous to appropriately alter the size of the formed product within the local area of interest.
Numerous advantages of the invention covered by this document have been set forth in the foregoing description. It will be understood, however, that this disclosure is, in many respects, only illustrative. Changes may be made in details, particularly in matters of shape, size, and arrangement of steps without exceeding the scope of the invention. The invention's scope is, of course, defined in the language in which the appended claims are expressed.
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|40cm x 39cm x 87cm
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Returns for UKIf for any reason you are not satisfied with your George Clothing or George Home product, simply return it within 100 days with proof of purchase for an exchange or refund. George branded products only. Excludes watches, jewellery, hair accessories, part assembled flat pack furniture and mattresses. The 100 Day Guarantee only applies to George branded products. Please refer to our terms and conditions for details of our returns and refund process for non-George branded products. Your statutory rights are not affected. UK Mainland stores only. Excludes franchises.
Rated 4.5 out of 5 by 11 reviewers.
Rated 4 out of 5 by Constantin Very useful, Very nice colour blue, easy to wipe down keep clean, deep drawers easy to move around, we'll worth purchasing, 06 May 2013
Rated 5 out of 5 by gatecrasher63 Blue 4 drawer Storage Unit Nice looking storage unit with spacious drawe. Bought this item for my grandson's bedroom to keep toys in, very good value for money. 29 June 2013
Rated 5 out of 5 by sussex2020 Good Value Was pleased with size & sturdiness. Had been looking for months for decent size & decent price & these fitted the bill. Bought them in pink & blue. All you have to do is slot the wheels on if you want them.as they are ready assembled. 12 October 2013
Rated 5 out of 5 by 2littleones Sturdy and big enough to hold lots of small toys We use these drawers without the wheels, they are perfect for storing lots of action figures and cars. The drawers open and close easily. They are a good size to fit plenty in but still be able to find the toys the children want. 21 December 2013
Rated 5 out of 5 by r0sebuds ASDA Blue 4 Drawer Storage Unit This product was the perfect size for what I wanted from them. The drawers are generous in size as well & the item is very sturdy. 09 August 2013
Rated 5 out of 5 by lou1951 Perfect and well made I have just purchased this as I needed some were to put all my hair products dryer straighteners etc.It is fantastic I am so pleased with it. It holds more than I ever thought possible well worth the money and well made. I am delighted.Thank you so much 24 February 2014
Rated 5 out of 5 by bishop28 Great product, great price Was looking for these to store my kids toys in. And these were the best quality and cheapest I could find. Definitely would recommend these 17 May 2014
Rated 1 out of 5 by Gill101 thumbs down! Ordered this and the 3 drawer unit and both arrived cracked and broken - probably due to cheap brittle plastic. Waste of time and money :( 04 April 2014


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I think positive stories/post help us women who are TTC and have been for some amount of time...
Anyone who successfully conceived having PCOS.... clomid, metformin, etc... any advice??
I think positive stories/post help us women who are TTC and have been for some amount of time...
Anyone who successfully conceived having PCOS.... clomid, metformin, etc... any advice??
Mandi (31, PCOS) & DH Chris (34, perfect)
YBrooke (Brooklyn Kennedy) 1/13/2012Y
YColton James (Cole) 4/24/2014Y
I was diagnosed with PCOS before hubby and I even tried to TTC. My doctor was testing for diabetes, but with my medical history of heavy periods, acne, weight gain and I had laporoscopy a few years prior and that gyn noticed cysts on my ovaries but never did anything about it ( I was 18 at the time of my surgery). In september of 08 I stopped taking my BC. My cycles did not regulate until 8/09 after losing 30 pounds. I made the mistake of going to the OB/GYN who did my Lap when I was 18 he had a good history of helping family friends get pregnant. My doc was going to send me to an RE. So I figured I would give this guy a shot. He performend another lap and HSG. Told me I was not PCOS and no longer needed Metformin, but my tubes where clogged with mucus. He told me if I did not conceive in 5 months to come back and we would give Clomid a try. I decided to fire him because I did not like the way he was very dismisive with me and my fertility issues. I think my age was a factor. So in April I went back to my doctor and he refered me to an RE. The RE took one look at me and said yes you are very much PCOS and put me back on metformin 1600mg daily.This was in May. Since I had complete trust that this doctor would help me conceive I relaxed. I went back to him on 6/28 to go over blood work results and get my gameplan going. He prescribed me Provera to start my period since I was technally late. I knew from using OPK that I ovulated a week late. I went ahead and took a dollar HPT to make sure I wasn't PG before taking Provera. To my suprise and 3 HPT later I got my BFP. So what I think helped me was, my ovaries where unclogged, metformin and I relaxed for the first time in 18 months. The RE's name is Dr.Pro. My regular ob and I joke that the RE was such a pro he just had to look at me to fix my problems. :)
Hope this give you guys some hope. I know it sounds so cliche, but relaxing is truelly the best thing you can do.
Mommy to Little Man 3/09/2011 and Little Princes 12/14/2012
We conceived while just on Metformin. We weren't TTC, so it was a HUGE shock!!! I was told I would probably need fertility treatments because I don't normally have periods/ovulate on my own, so I was totally shocked...didn't find out until I was 4 months pregnant because I didn't have ANY symptoms at all! And missing periods was normal for me, so I didn't suspect anything. I had just gotten off of birth control after being on it for 2 years. I wasn't getting off to TTC, I just wanted to save some money. Two months later, I was pregnant! I was on Metformin 2000 mg/day, and using over the counter Progesterone cream because I heard it helped with PCOS. That may have helped prevent miscarriage. Now I have a beautiful 6 month old daughter!!
Melissa (28): A happily married SAHM.
PCOS since 2005
Mommy to a 1 year old busy-bee toddler.
Started met, ovulated on my first cycle. Husband diagnosed with MFI, added Clomid about six months later to better predict and time sex for conception and two cycles later...got pregnant with our ODD who is now two and a half. When we were ready to try for #2 I went back on Clomid, two cycles later, was pregnant with YDD. I've had two terrific pregnancies, two unmedicated births-one of them was a planned homebirth.
We're talking about trying for a third baby.
"Trying to have a conversation with you would be like trying to argue with a dining room table..."
We started trying and right away were having noticable problems. I came off of BC and my periods stopped. I thought maybe I was preggers but the tests says no. So this went on for 8 months before we firgure out it was PCOS. We decided to try diet modification and no meds. We did that for 2 more months with nothing. So we decide to go ahead an try clomid. First round didn't work. So we tried again with 100mg. My AF didn't show up and I thought for sure it was stupid PCOS again. So I didn't want to take a test even though the doctor said I ovulated. I finally did it and boom BFP. It showed up right away as the test moved across the window. I nearly hit the floor after so many times staring at a BFN. I follow it up with a digital test the next day and sure enough BFP! Yay. Everything was going really well good strong HB and then at the 12 week appiontment I thought I was a bit bigger then I should be since I was showing. So he checked agreed and did a quick ultrasound. there were very obviously 3 babies in there maybe 4. OMG!!! lol So I went to a high risk doctor the next week and sure enough 4 Babies!!! The Quads were born on July 23, 2010 Two months early. Not an easy preganancy and a month and a half in the NICU but they are home and doing well!!
Always keep the faith!
Jen (28) and DH (29)
*Married August 6, 2005*
They're Here! Fiona, Eric, Lana, and Nathan arrived July 23, 2010 (2 months early)
These post make me feel so positive.... Thanks for posting because I think it helps women who have PCOS and TTC... I know it sure is helping me. Hearing the positive over negatives definitely helps me think that if others have done it then I know I can also :)
Mandi (31, PCOS) & DH Chris (34, perfect)
YBrooke (Brooklyn Kennedy) 1/13/2012Y
YColton James (Cole) 4/24/2014Y
Mandi, I'm 36 weeks along with my second baby who has been conceived through Metformin. My daughter just turned 3. There is definitely hope out there for you!
- Cara, mom to M Oct '07 and G Nov '10 (tort PT graduate, hemangioma, eczema, allergies, asthma??, language therapy)
I actually posted my success story on another board, so I'll c&p it here.
During my journey, the BFP posts that I loved to read were the ones where the mom-to-be explained what she did differently that month and/or talked about her long (or semi-long) TTC journey. Reading her story always gave me just that hint of hope that it could happen for me too...some day. So, now it's my turn. Some may not want to read it, but as long as my story can help just one woman/couple, then that's okay with me.
My BCP Rx ran out in November 2009, and being that I was reaching 30 (the age DH & I agreed is when we would be ready to have kids), I saw no need to renew the Rx. But DH and I didn't quite have the TTC conversation at that point; we were just winging it. Before BCPs (which I had been taking on & off for 10 years), my cycles were irregular, so I knew that the irregularity would return afterwards. So, I started tracking my cycles the month after my withdrawal bleed, which was in December. It was the first time I O'd. I noticed that I had a 10-day LP and later learned that while 10 days is okay, one day less and I would have a LPD. I figured that it could also be that my system was still regulating itself, so I needed to keep tracking.
Over the following months, this is what my cycles looked like:
12/22 - 1/22 (32 days...O'd on CD22 & 10-day LP)--1st cycle after BCP (since we were winging it, I had no idea when I would O, so we kind of missed BDing around O time)
1/23 - 3/10 (47 days...no O)
3/11 - 5/21 (72 days...no O)
5/22 - 6/21 (31 days...no O)
6/22 - 9/2 (73 days...no O & induced by Provera)
As you can see, my cycles were far from impressive. At the beginning of my 5/22 cycle, during AF, I thought that bleeding for 11 days at that point was VERY abnormal (AF lasted 13 days), so I scheduled a Dr's appointment. I saw an OB/GYN who seemed very knowledgeable about PCOS and suspected that it was what I had. She scheduled blood tests and a transvaginal U/S. The following week, I received the diagnosis. I wasn't insulin resistent, but my testosterone levels were a little elevated and I had cysts on both of my ovaries, which is pretty indicative of PCOS. She prescribed Metformin for me and slowly increased my dosage until I reached the full dosage of 2,000mg. I told DH about it, and he got all drastic, saying stuff like, "So, you can't get pregnant?" and "So, is this why you haven't gotten pregnant yet?" I had to explain it to him like a 2nd grader, leading us finally to having the TTC talk.
I was on Metformin for 3 months and saw no change. I didn't even lose weight (and I could stand to lose 20lbs) while on them alone but lost 5lbs once I started exercising. When I knew that my last cycle had to be induced by Provera, that was it! The process was becoming too drawn out, and I wanted to take a more natural route (in addition to the B complex I was already taking for months to lengthen my LP). I kept with the Metformin because I didn't know what stopping them would do, but I researched soy isoflavones well enough to know that I wanted to give them a shot. I had never been on Clomid, but since I haven't O'd since the cycle after BCP, I didn't want to start the soy off at the lowest dosage (50mg of Clomid = 100mg of Soy). So, I bumped it up to 160mg of soy. I figured it couldn't hurt.
On CD34, I felt an extreme pain, like someone was squeezing my right ovary and twisting my fallopian tube. I had never felt that kind of pain before, and I was concerned that I was having a ruptured cyst. Luckily, my follow up appointment with my OB/GYN was the next day, so I mentioned it to her then. She did a pelvic exam to feel for any abnormalities. She told me that it was likely that I was Oing (YAYYY), but she was going to write me a Rx for Provera (not say YAYYY) anyway to kickstart my cycle again. I didn't understand it. If I was Oing, then I would get AF in about 2 weeks anyway. So, what's the point of the Provera? I then made the sound decision NOT to fill the Rx. I wanted to wait it out. Being that I had a high temp that morning and high temps for the next few days, it was confirmed that I indeed did O.
Now look where I am today! If I hadn't been so informed about my body, had my charting, and had been getting such valuable info from BC, I don't think I would be pregnant right now. This is a true blessing and thanks to all of you for your many congrats and well wishes!!! Thanks also to those of you who have provided and continue to provide information and knowledge to women like me. You're helping so many dreams come true!
♥Me (34)♥ ♥DH (42)♥ ♥Leah Megan born 07.05.11 at 41wks♥
Well, I was diagnosed in 2008, stayed on bcps til May 09 and was pregnant in June 09. Sadly I didn't know I was pregnant until August and miscarried 10 days before our wedding on 8/19. I only knew I was pregnant for about 10 days. After that I was on a mission to get preggo again! We tried for a couple of months and no luck. Went to my OB and he gave me Metformin and Clomid. I did three rounds of Clomid (1@50mg, 2@100mg) and no luck. So he decided to send me to an RE. I was so upset but happy to have someone who could really help us out.
My first appointment with my RE was wonderful. I love that man! He suggested I stay on Metformin, do 100mg of Clomid and three days of 75iu of Gonal F injections (FSH). Three days of Gonal F weren't working so he had me do 3 more days at 75iu then when it still didn't work he had me do 112.5iu for 2 days. Went to the doctor after that and we had FOUR mature follicles! We did the Trigger shot that day and had DTD the night before, that day, the following day, then 2 days later. 13 days later BFP!
We went to the doctor at 5wks after my numbers doubled and there were 2 large sacs, and 2 small sacs! At 6wks we went back and there were FIVE heartbeats!!!!! YES FIVE! One of my follicles split! Sadly at 7wks we lost one of our identical twins. After much talk with my RE, OB and a MFM and prayers and talks with DH and my parents, we opted to reduce. At 12 wks we reduced to twins. It was so painful physically and emotionally. I hope no one will judge me by saying this but I have to tell you ladies especially bc taking fertility treatments will put you at risk for high order multples as well. Any doctor will try to convince you do reduce but I'm sure it would be easier to make the decision by talking to people who not only didn't reduce but who did. I could only find one person who did reduce and we both reduced days apart from each other. So it was helpful but I wanted to know how it would affect me months afterward. So far I feel we made the right choice.
I'll be 24wks tomorrow with a growing boy and girl! I am on strict bedrest due to an incompetent cervix. I had a cerclage placed at 21wks but so far so good! Bedrest is boring but I will do anything for these babies!!!!
I pray and wish the best for all of you ladies TTC. If you ever have questions please feel free to message me! I don't know a whole bunch about something but I can tell you what I know from my own experience. I would highly recommend seeing a RE. For our treatment we paid about $1000 not including co-pays but it was well worth it. Sorry to type so much but I feel that since my pregnancy has been so different and interesting it should be shared. Good Luck to all you Cysters!
Married My Best Friend 8-29-2009
Isabella Rain & Anthony Christopher Jr arrived 1-24-2011
Iyana Marie Angelica arrived 2-1-2012
I was diagnosed with PCOS before I got married. We knew it would take us awhile, so we started TTC as soon as we got married in Oct 2007. In Aug 2008, my ob-gym referred us to a fertility specialist. He started me on clomid, which I took for 3 cycles. I started ovulating but my cycles were anywhere from 40 - 52 days, which makes it kinda hard to time everything right! Then they put me on letrozol for 3 cycles, which gave me the same results as the clomid. After 6 mo, I realized I was seriously stressing out about trying to time ovulation that I decided to take a break from the fertility treatments for awhile. I figure if I was stressing out so much it would be even harder to get pregnant. In sept of 2009, I found an ob-gyn that specializes in infertility and I switched gynos. My fertility specialist sent over all of my medical history for my new ob-gyn to review. He decided to try me on 500 mg of metformin 2x a day for 6 mo and told me that if this didn't work then we needed to look into injections, ivf or decide to adopt. I got a visit from AF 26 days after I started metformin and got it regularly for the next 6 mo. Since it was working so well, when I went for my follow up in may, my dr decided to do another 6 mo. When I didn't get a visit from AFat the end of May, I took a test and it was a BFN. I was a little bummed and my 1st thought was the medicine wasn't working anymore but didn't want to admit it to anyone. June came and still no AF. I wasn't feeling quite like myself but didn't think I was pregnant. I knew eventually I would have to say something to my Dr, so I figured I would take one more test so I could atleast say that I took 2 tests, a month apart and they were both negative. Imagine my surprise when I took that second test on July 1st and it was a BFP!!!!! I am now 21 wks, anxiously awaiting the birth of my little girl. My best advice would be to relax and keep the faith..... it CAN and WILL happen, probably when you least expect it! I wish all of you best of luck TTC!
Steph (31) and Paul (36) married since 10/27/07
Madison Nicole - March 11, 2011
Furbaby - Sadie - 5 yr old White Lab
I love these stories! My doc won't let us try metformin until we've been trying for 6 cycles, but it's easy to get down on myself with PCOS. DH and I just started cycle #3 this week. I also got Vitamin B6 (I spot heavily a week before AF is due each month) so maybe it will help in the meantime.
These stories make my heart smile and give me hope :) And holy cow at all these multiples! What huge blessings.
DH and Me (2006)


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Hostelworld "meet the world" by Lucky Generals
Rating: 5.0
By Sarah Shearman, mediaweek.co.uk, Tuesday, 14 June 2011 03:00PM
It has created four free tools as part of the bundle, to create better measurement, transparency and value for advertisers' display campaigns.
The relative click-through rate tool shows advertisers how the click-through rates of their ads perform, relative to other ads running in the same places on the Google Display Network.
The impression share tool allows advertisers to see the percentage of auctions for ad spots on a webpage. It allows advertisers to see whether they are losing auctions due to their budget or their quality score.
The content ads diagnostic tool shows advertisers where their ads are running and tells them why their ads are not running. For instance, this could be because an advertiser targeted a group that is not online.
The fourth tool is an unseen impression filter, which shows advertisers how often a page is scrolled down by a user, meaning they will not be charged by Google for ads which are not viewed by users.
The tools will be rolled out in all AdWords languages from today (14 June), except for the content ads diagnostic tool, which will be available to small number of advertisers in mid-June, before being fully released next month.
Separately, Google is understood to be preparing to roll out a paid-for, enterprise-level analytics tool later this year, to compete with the likes of Adobe's Omniture and IBM's CoreMetrics, according to sources.
Google yesterday revealed it had agreed to acquire online advertising yield optimisation platform Admeld.
This article was first published on mediaweek.co.uk
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Rating: 5.0
Agency: Grey London
Rating: 5.0