text:
V1 Yay
Posted 05 July 2010 - 05:05 PM ( #521 )
Well my angel evolved into the helthy teen!
Also my P2 departed earlier today. I started him up earlier today (I'm hopeing for Mimitchi ) It is a baby right now!
Well that's all for now!
Posted 10 July 2010 - 09:33 AM ( #522 )
P2. Is the healthy teen!
Angel. Is Futagotenshi (Twin angels)!
V1. I put new batteries in it a few day's ago! It's a baby girl now.
V5.5. Are teens.
Color. Is a Memetchi!
Also, me and a few of my friends entered the contest on Music City! If you see any of our bands, please vote for us! Our names are...
Yes I know our names are lamost the same but it's easy to remember! We are all Mametchi's! (You can tell we all like Mametchi!)
Well, that's all for now!
Posted 13 July 2010 - 06:54 PM ( #523 )
Well dispite me not updateing, my tamas have seen a large amount of un-pause time!
P2. Evolved into Zukitchi (I have NO idea how that happened!)! But the good news is that I get another go at Zachi!
V1. Evolved into Hinotamatchi (The fireball teen)
V2. Is 5
V3. Has 8/9 in training
V4. Evolved into Ringtchi (Apple teen)
V4.5 (Green). Nothing new. I just un-paused him!
V5.5. Had 3 babies! They are tots now!
Music Star. Is 5. I plan on letting him become an oldie so I can fill in all the characters on Music City!
Color. Had a baby girl! She is a Chamametchi now!
Also my parents said I could get a Tama-Go at a Targes on the trip back! 0It will defidantly make the 3 hour trip home go much faster!
Well that's all for now!
Posted 06 August 2010 - 12:58 PM ( #524 )
Anyway on the trip back from Six Flags we did stop at Target but they didn't have any Tama-Go's! I ordered one offline and it will be shiping out anytime between today and a few weeks from now!
Also I have been playing my tamas a fair bit latly. Here is an overall update on them!
P2. Is 11. He only has 3/4 on training and has dropped more than one hart in happy and hungry, so I don't think i'll be getting Zachi.
Angel. Departed a few day's ago. This time, i'm simplly testing out the most basic way of getting Lucky Unchi-Kun (Also known as the Lucky Poo)
V1. Had a baby girl. It is the onion teen now.
V3. Had a baby boy! I named him Max. He is still a baby.
V5.5. Had 1 baby! He's a Mosetchi (Tot) now.
Music Star. Evolved into Rextchi! A few day's after that, he had a baby girl. Now I'm trying to fill out the character chart on Music City by getting the un-healthy characters as well al all the oldies. She is a Ringtchi now.
Well, that's all for now!
Posted 12 August 2010 - 11:57 AM ( #525 )
It's odd, I have been on TamaTalk lot's the last few day's. I guess updateing my blog just slipped my mind.
Anyway I have quite a few updates for my tamas!
P2. Is 15. He is really getting needy lately!
Angel. Well I failed at getting Lucky Unchi-Kun (Also known as the Lucky Poo). I started my angel back up ,hopeing to get Ginjirotenshi (a.k.a. Ginjiro Angel), but I ended up with Kuriten (a.k.a. Chestnut Angel). Unlike all previous times I had Kuriten, I don't plan on letting him evolve into Futagotenshi (a.k.a. Twin Angels).
V1. Evolved into gozarutchi
V3. Evolved into the rain drop tot.
V4.5. Had a baby girl!
V5.5. Evolved into Mametchi! As soon as that happened, I fed him the golden bean and he became a pirate dude! This morning, he maried a Jewltchi and had a baby boy! The baby (Named Star) is the star tot now!
Music Star. Evolved into Makiko!
Color. Will be able to mate tomorow!
In other news my Tama-Go STILL hasn't come! It's been almost a month!
Well that's all for now!
Posted 03 October 2010 - 10:04 AM ( #526 )
Anyway i'm starting it off slow this time. I have my Angel un-paused (It departed a few day's ago so I have a baby angel) and entered it into a groop hatch. Besides that I might un-pause my P2 later.
Wall, that's all for now!
Posted 05 October 2010 - 02:31 PM ( #527 )
Posted 14 November 2010 - 01:33 PM ( #528 )
Anyway I am currently playing my Red V3, and my UraTama, but I also plan on starteding up my P2 and Angel soon!
Max (My V3) is currently a Gaijintchi (Also known as "Bill"), althrough, I tend to call him Bill insted of Max. Anyway, Bill is a 6 year old famous Sumo Wresiler! He is living up life in the big league and making big gotchi along the way!
As for Ura (Obviously my UraTama) he is just living his day's hopeing for the matchmaker to come knocking on his door. He is very pasionate and is a porfesional brick-breaker and quite welthy, dispite working for minimum wage.
Well, that's all for now!
Posted 22 May 2011 - 06:30 PM ( #529 )
Well, yes i'm back, and unlike the list 5 TIMES, I am here to stay! What makes this time different from all the rest? Simple, SUMMER! Yes, summer is a mere 2 weeks away, and with all but 1 finals test remaining, I actually have some spare time!
To start things out, I am playing my first tama, my red V3, but this time, as a quest for the oldest tama ever! It is the pink totiler, but I cannot recall the name as of now. Jenny (V3) is doing well, 18 pounds and 2 training.
Other than that, I have a freshly started angel, my old pal Mimitchi (P2), and a very angry caveman (Genji) going, with a bug (Morino) on the way!
Well, my bro is trying to steal the computer as a (Speak?) type, so I will give a better update tomorow.
Posted 23 May 2011 - 08:22 PM ( #530 )
I can't really type up a detaled post right now, as I was gone all day, and need rest for a test tomorow. I have un-paused my V3, my P2, and my Genji. All in all, not too very much has happened, outside of some training and disiplin. I will give a better entry tomorow!
And, now for the ever-so-famous quote I end off most every post with,
I'll post more later!
P.S. Since the update, the smilies in the corrner of the older posts has been messed up. Ignore the smilies from the blog before this post!
Posted 28 May 2011 - 08:21 AM ( #531 )
Anyway, here is a summary of what has been going on:
P2. Is a 12 year old Mimitchi, healthy and carefree like always. She spends a lot of her time just being cute! She is rather independent for the most part, only loosening a heart every 45 minutes of so. I have high hopes for her to stay with me to or close to the end of the school year!
Angel. Is, like always, living the hard life of a disabled tama. Without sound, it is easy to forget about her for periods of time, resulting in dwindling health. She is a totiler now, and enjoys doing her little bouncy-float all over the place.
Morino. Is doing decently well, for the most part. He unfortunately fell into a deep slumber in un-clean surroundings, so Im sure I will see a decline in pep in the near future. It is still a little baby bug, but is striving to grow into a much larger insect.
Genji. Has had little un-pause time lately. At the young age of 10, he is already suffering from poor health defects. His hunger dwindles is little time, and his self-esteem is in tatters! Still, he enjoys thromping around with his club.
V3. Has a interesting story behind it. For ages now, I have wanted to run an oldest living tama with my first tamagotchi. Now long ago, I started just that, with Jenny, my V3. Well, to make a long story short, Jenny had a name change! No, not by the infamous Name Glitch, and technically not officially, but to me anyway, yes. I decided to go with a beautiful name, representing something beautiful. My brother helped me with that. Recently, he has been watching Naruto episodes on youtube. Since I do like some of the older episodes, I watched along. After only a few episodes, I had a favorite character, Hinata. I really feel I can relate to her in a variety of ways. We even have the same birthday! Thats when it hit me, I could name my V3 Hinata. Of course, the name is 1 letter too long for the V3 name screen, so I will just call her Hinata anyway! Hinata means sunny place. Anyway, Hinata is 2, and is a teenager now. My care hasnt been perfect, but for the most part, she has gotten pretty good care.
Color. Has finally gotten some un-pause time! I am going for longest living color tama, which is 83ish, or the oldest tama in general, which is 145. I had my previous generation get married, and begun my 2nd oldest tama journey. Being a baby boy, and since my other oldest tama I am running is named Hinata, I named him Neji. Being me, I wanted Neji to get all the happy signs early in life, so I already got the Tea, Popsicle, Happpihappi (Spelled right?) fruit, and the shooting star. Unfortunately, that leaves my little pastry at 70 pounds! Poor little doughnut! Or actually not so little doughnut! As Im sure you can guess from pastry, and doughnut, Neji is the doughnut totiler now. I remolded his house from the full castle to the full cabin for a change of scenery, and the fact that I am going to stay at a cabin from June 11 to June 16! By then, he should more than be a senior.
~~~Bro Update~~~
Well, since my bro isnt one who likes to type enough to maintain a blog, I will be keeping track of his tama-adventures, with him writing from time to time. Since I am doing this, Im sure you can guess he is into tamas again (Like every other summer), for now anyway. He mainly catches the tama-fever come the beginning of summer, mainly due to the great amount of free time he has.
As of now, he is only playing his favorite tama he owns, his EnTama. It is the male meme tot, at age 2. As of the moment, I am not sure of his skill points, but he always tends to run the same set, 0 in one stat, 10 in another, a lot more in the remaining one, mainly due to the fact most of the games are hard and time comsuming. Because of this, he may be un-pausing his V3 soon. What keeps him from doing so is the fact last summer, his V3 caught the infamous Ball Glitch for no reason. It has since then been re-set (Luckally, he was only on gen. 1), still, he is a smidge lenient of giving it another go.
Eatherway, he will not be un-pausing any tamas today, due to the fact he has a friend over until 8PM.
One last thing I would like to introduce in this blog post is a new segment called Ask TamaLove. As the name suggests, it is where anyone PMs me any number of questions, and I will answer them all in my next blog post. There questions could be asking about my tamas, asking about tamas in general, asking a question about me, or, well, anything!
I do have another project that is nearly done, but I will share that later
Well, thats all for now!
PS. This was written yesterday, but I couldnt get it on tamatalk!
Posted 01 June 2011 - 02:23 PM ( #532 )
Unlike my blog, though, my tamas have had much going on!
P2: Is an 18 (Actually 17) Mimitchi! Ironically, she isnt too very needy, yet.
Angel: Is a totiler. She hasnt seen much un-pause time, but that shall change tonight!
Morino: Has had very little un-pause time. I do, however, have a goal of having an adult before this time next week!
Genji: Has, again, not seen the light of day. He is just very needy happy wise. I fear his time is dwindling away
V2: Had some batteries popped into it yesterday. I have a 2 year old fireball teen, with full training!
V3. Has, oddly, become the unhealthy character uhh I dont know the name. The otter-like thing with a large nose, I guess. I was going to do oldest tama on this gen, but with the come of an unhealthy character, I may rethink that
V4.5 (Green): WILL be un-paused, soon ish .
COLOR: Is a Kuchipatchi! GO ORANGE SUPER SHINY PATCHIMAN DUDE!!!
UraTama: WILL also soon-ish-ly be un-paused, hopefully!
Although this is a bit random, here is the story of my first tama!
My first tama was a red star V3. I recieved it March, 9, 2008 at 11:30 (Freaky how I can remember that, huh?).
I was imidiantly attached to my tama, but, unfortuneatly, I didn't relize how to pause, yet. After a few minutes of my and my bro hunched over the screen in out SUV, it hatched a baby girl. I named her May.
May's babyhood was partually spent just figureing out everything, and the other half was spent failing at serpass 30 on the music note game. -___-
Eventally, May became the beaked tot. And, with the come of bump, I actually had a chioce of games! I perfered music note catch, through.
The next day was school, so I had to leave May home. When I was gone, my mom would try to care for May, mainly cleaning up poo every now and again, and feeding it from time to tome. Needless to say, May wanted attention when I got home.
The next day, May became the beaked ball teen. That morning, I was doing a presentation out of school, so I could care for May for awhile. Needless to say, I was shocked when she took untill 10 to wake up!
The next day, May became a 20 LB. Kuchipatchi! I was very happy to see my first tama make it to adulthood! Through that gen did confuse my for awhile, as it made my think a tama would grow from a younger version that looks like it! What also surprised my is that, althrough I did get the unhelthy version, how did I end up with the helthy character Kuchipatchi!?! Oh well, i'm not complaining!
After a few more days of after school care, I came home to see May's angel. I was very sad to see her go, but I promised to never forget Mher, May, my first tama. She had 4 training bars, and was usally of a low weight.
I quickly started another gen, but I forgot it when I watched a movie, so it deaprted. I then learned how to pause it, and its all been uphill from there! (That is good, right?)
I posted this in another topic, but I felt it would fit!
Now time for fan mail!
Thank you RubyKuchipatchi98 for the kind compliments on my blog!
And now its time for ask TamaLove!!!
No one yet? Remember, be it a question about my tama, a question about tamas in general, a question about me, or anything, just shoot me a PM, and Ill be sure to answer it here!
Bro Update:
My little bro has finally caught the tama fever! He is currently un-pausing his EnTama, and his old V3! The EnTama is 6 (I think), and is a teen, while the V3 is still 0, but is the rain drop tot. Not too much to report on right now.
Well, I cant think of too very much more to add for now; other than I have some big plans that will be revealed soon, so keep an eye out!
Well, thats all for now!
Posted 02 June 2011 - 02:35 PM ( #533 )
I guess I cant say much has happened so far. Since yesterday, the only real updates I have to share are a few disciplines, and some age gain.
P2: Nothing to report
All other Vintage tamas: Paused at the moment, but that shall change tonight (Funny, I said just that yesterday -___-; )
V2. Nothing at all to report, although it may have had the most un-pause time!
V3. Is nearing 7, so I really have to decide whether or not to do oldest living tama or now.
V44.5: WILL have a battery within minutes!
UraTama: ^___^
COLOR: Is livin the life of a super patchi person!
Bro Update:
He has actually been sort of dedicated to this tama thing now! He decided to do back-to-back V3 oldest tamas with me, and ironically, they are opposite genders! Anyway, Ninja (V3) is getting moderate care, not perfect, but pretty good), and is still the rain drop tot. His EnTama is a 9 year old teen -___-
Well, I promised some upcoming surprises, and I am ready to share them with you!
The first one is a weekly Tamagotchi Newsletter called The Daily Doughnut!
A main artical (Usally new info about current or past tamas, info on upcomeing tamas, or if nothing eles something like 'TamaLove754's TamaZone Blog reaches 10'000 vewers!!!" (I like that one! ).
Tama-Blog of the week A revew or a current Tama-Blog. It can be from TamaTalk, Tama-Zone, or anywhere eles on the web! I'll also add a link to the blog!
Tamagotchi Revew It's a revew by me or someone eles on a tamagotchi model (V1, P1, Color, Ext.), A tamagotchi character (Mametchi, Memetchi, Kuchipatchi, Ext.), or a tamagotchi website (TamaTalk, Tama-Zone, Music City, Ext.).
Ask TamaLove754 This one is pretty self explamitory. PM me a question on TamaTalk or Tama-Zone and there is a high chance it will be posted and ansered.. (If in the first few weeks I don't get any questions I'll use some questions from around TamaTalk, Tama-Zone, or eleswhere on the web.).
Cross Word/Game This one may now be in every issue. It's pretty much a Tamagotchi cross word.
Next is a tamagotchi information website I am working on called Tama-Knowledge! The goal of Tama-Knowledge is to have one place anyone can go to, to find information on every tamagotchi. I do need writers to help me out on this website, so if you are interested, please PM me!
Lastly is a new forums website I will be making called Club Tama. Club Tama is based off of the existing Club Tamagotchi, exclusive to Japan. I plan to have various user levels, level privileges, $Gotchi$ Points, a shop to use those points, popularity points (An idea in progress, based off of Tamagotchi Party On!), and much more!
Of course, with all these projects going at once, I will need lots of help, so if you are interested in helping with any of these projects, please PM me!
Please know that it may take time to get all of this up and running, and that I still plan on being most active around TamaTalk.
Well, I think thats about it!
Posted 25 June 2011 - 07:10 PM ( #534 )
After ten months of hard hours of school work, summer break is finally here. I do appologize for my prolonged absence. End of the year exams and celebration clutched most of my free time. Come the start of summer came a week long vacation up to northern Wisconsion! Only a day after getting back came my relitives, closely fallowed by my aunts 80th birthday. Any remaining time was swamped with cleaning, packing/un-packing, babysitting, brothers sports, and, well, resting. Now, however, most of the hype of early summer has passed, and now I am left with several weeks before another vacation.
As of now, I am running all of my vintage tamas. They are a nice batch of tamas to start up the Tama-Fever again! Althrough, only the angel has anything to report on, and it sure has a story!
My angel grew to be the unhealthy teen, in hopes of finally getting to be the cactus angel. At this time, only hours before she became a teen, it was the day of graduation at school. Angel decided to stow away in my pocket and enjoy the half day with me, and she sure did! I had all morning to show her off to the world, and she even poked out of my pocket to get in the graduation picture! If you look closely, you can actually see her in the picture! So cute!
I paused her the next day, or so I thought! She un-paused herself and became the chubby angel! The next day, she departed. And that is the screen she stayed at untill half way through the vacation when I felt like starting her up again. The next week or so she was off and on pause, untill just 3 days ago, on wendsday. I was babysitting some younger friends of mine, with angel once again at the unhealthy teen stage. What happened? Well lets just say tamas and plasma balls don't go together... She plasma ball sent a shock wave through the keychain of my angel, zapping both me and my angel, who didn't take it well. She reset herslef! 3 days later, she is the unhealthist adult, hoping to soon become a healthy Otenoten! She is 4, and receving pretty good care.
Well, since I just typed up a novel on my angel, I think I will cut off my post here.
Expect more tomorow!
Posted 18 April 2012 - 03:33 PM ( #535 )
So, now time to recap what has happened in my absence… school, nuff said. Put simply, between school and a plethora of other life happenings that are far too complicated to address as said moment, I was rendered unable to maintain a blog. However, with life calming down, and school nearing a close, I feel its prime time to start a new blog!
Although I have been away from blogging for some time, I have been caring for my Tamagotchi's on and off throughout by absence. To start off, here is my current list of Tamagotchis, most of which will see some spotlight in my blog at some time:
Morino (Forest)
Genjitchi (Caveman)
V3 x2
V4.5 x4
V5 x2
V5.5 x2
Music Star x4
TMGC+C (Color)
Tama-Go x2
My actual first blog post will be in the next post, but for the moment, I have a question to ask, which tama's would you like to see me run first? I am already running my 2 V3's, my V4, and my P2. I will take any requests at any time throughout my blog, as well as I will take group requests (Multiple requests at one time). I will begin any first requests no later than Friday.
Please issue all requests visa PM.
As for now, however, this introduction post seems long enough for now, so I hope you enjoy reading my blog, and from the famous closeting words of my first blog "I'll post more later"!
Edited by TamaLove754, 18 April 2012 - 05:08 PM.
- joshnemo likes this
Posted 18 April 2012 - 08:33 PM ( #536 )
In most my blog posts, I will devide them up into a few sections, one for blog updates, one for Tamagotchi updates, one for friends Tamagotchi updates, and one for everything elese.
As for tamas I am currently running, I have both my V3's, and my V4 running.
V3 (Red): This was acctually my first Tamagotchi, which I got way back in 2007, but I will get into that more in an upcomeing blog post. I was preveously trying to achieve to get the worlds oldest Tamagotchi on this tama, but things went... bad, so I am giving the oldest tama record a third go (Again, more on this later). Jem (Who is most certainly not Gem) is currently a 5 year old Mametchi with all 9 training bars.
V3 (Green): Was once my brothers tama, but he isn't into tamas anymore, He currently is a 3 year old Violetchi, which seems VERY out of place for a male tama with the name Ninja.
V4: Is currently an adult tama who's name I do not recall. She has a 5-star ponytail, which is nifty.
I have, however, recieved a request to run my Tamagotchi Color, so I will be starting that up tomorow (I sure hope I have some batteries XD ).. I also plan to possably start up my P2, Morino, and/or UraTama within the next few days.
Next I will go over by friends and famally Tamagotchi log section.
As I said before, my little bro-dude isn't a tama fan at the moment, but my friend (Who I will refer to as Briana) is currently into tamas. Briana oridginally had a music star, but it kinda...uhh...blew up. But, I did just win her an orange V3 off of ebay for $20 today, and it should be here in less than a week!
And, I suppose that is all for the moment. Posts should start becoming slightly more discriptive from here on out.
Posted 19 April 2012 - 05:35 AM ( #537 )
Posted 19 April 2012 - 03:33 PM ( #538 )
Since the two blogs were merged, I decided to read through several pages of my older blog posts, and I wasn't sure whether or not to shed a tear, or burst out in laughter! I was such a bad speller back in the day, and I seemed to completely disregard the presence of grammar, not to mention I started nearly every post with YAY! It was both heartfelt and humorous to read my old blog posts.
I would also like to add that I will be adding pictures to the blog within the next few days, however not all blog posts will have photos.
As far as actual Tamagotchi updates:
P2: Is a toiler. I decided to name the little prince Royal. This little dude is quite the trooper!
V3 (Red): Is just chillin' and livin' the spoiled life of an oldest-Tamagotchi-to-be.
V3 (Green): Is just romping 'round the screen. Ninja did visit Jem for awhile, but Ninja is just so competitive, and challenged Jem to a game of strength nearly instantly. What a bittersweet relationship!
V4: Little miss pony tail is devising devious plots to become the supreme overlord of the universe, or to get married, whichever comes first!
I will be getting batteries in by Color, and possibly one other tama later, so I will update more on that later tonight.
Edited by TamaLove754, 19 April 2012 - 03:34 PM.
Posted 20 April 2012 - 04:03 PM ( #539 )
V3 (Red): Has turned 6. Not much more to say about this lil' dude.
V3 (Green): Just still romping 'round.
V4: Still lurking in the shadows, being devious and evil-like.
V4.5 (Green): I decided to take a fresh start with this one. She hatched into a little dudette, who I named Jade. After bouncing off the walls for an hour, the little sweetie became a tot. This little trooper tagged along with me to school today!
Color: I also started fresh with this little one too. She hatched into a baby girl, who I will call Tina. She got 4/7 happy symbols as a baby, the shooting star, the tea, the popsicle, and happyhappytchi. She quickly became the little wasabi child. She is currently enjoying a blissful life high up in the mountains, in a log cabin.
I also plan to unpause my P2, and possibly my Morino over the weekend.
I also plan to upload the first few pictures to the blog tomorrow, if not tonight.
Edited by TamaLove754, 20 April 2012 - 04:03 PM.
Posted 23 April 2012 - 04:23 PM ( #540 )
Anyway, I was running several tamas on Saturday, but only my Red V3, V4, Morino, and Color on Sunday.
P2: Been paused since Friday.
V3 (Red): Is currently age 8.
V3 (Green): Has been paused since Saturday. No new news.
V4: Somehow became an oldie at age 8! How is that even possible!?!?!
Color: Evolved into an adorable Chamametchi!
I would type more, but I am not feeling very well…


text:
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
A Big Spring man was arrested by local and federal law enforcement officers during the early morning hours Tuesday on a charge of online solicitation of a minor, with possibly more charges to come, according to investigators.
Kyle Wade Guthrie, 27, of 408 Hillside Dr., was arrested at his residence at approximately 12:55 a.m. by deputies with the Howard County Sheriff's Office.
According to Sheriff Stan Parker, law enforcement officials received information regarding the offense Friday.
"The Howard County Sheriff's Office received information pertaining to a possible online solicitation of a minor," Parker said. "Upon further investigation it was found that Guthrie had made contact with a minor in an sexually explicit manor by using electronic communication."
Parker said a search warrant was obtained for Guthrie's home, where several electronic devices were seized during the course of the investigation.
"A search warrant was obtained and executed on Guthrie's residence by the Howard County Sheriff's Office and the Department of Homeland Security," Parker said. "Several electronic devices — cell phones and computers — were seized and will be sent for forensic analysis. At this time the case involves solicitation of a 16 year old female victim. There are possibly more victims and at this time the investigation is continuing."
Parker declined to comment on the possible number or location of additional victims, citing the ongoing investigation.
"We expect to have the forensic analysis of the electronic devices within about a week to 10 days," Parker said. "However, it could take longer than that. The whole reason we brought in Homeland Security was because of their expertise with forensic analysis on electronic devices. They will take these devices to their office in San Angelo and we should have the information back from them soon."
At the time of his arrest, Guthrie was employed by local radio station KBST as their director of news and weather. However, according to the station's general manger Malinda Flenniken, he has since had his employment terminated.
"Kyle is no longer employed with KBST and is no longer eligible for re-hire," Flenniken said this morning.
According to officials with the Howard County Detention Center, Guthrie's bond has been set at $20,000. As of press time, he remained in custody.
[1] mailto:email@example.com
[2] http://www.bigspringherald.com/sites/default/files/Todays top story_118.jpg


text:
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1. A light source comprising at least one light emitting diode (LED) assembly, the LED assembly including an LED semiconductor chip and a substrate, said semiconductor chip being electrically coupled to the substrate, said LED assembly further including a molded primary optic formed over the LED assembly in contact with the substrate so that there is not an air gap between the primary optic and the LED semiconductor chip.
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28. A vehicle headlight comprising at least one headlight unit, said at least one headlight unit including an optical structure, said at least one headlight unit further including a plurality of spaced apart primary optic lenses optically coupled to a front face of the optical structure, said at least one headlight unit further including a plurality of light emitting diode (LED) assemblies, where a single LED assembly is provided for each lens, wherein each LED assembly emits a beam of light that is focused and directed by the elongated lens and is collected and directed by the optical structure to be emitted from the front face of the optical structure as a single beam of light, wherein each LED assembly in the plurality of LED assemblies provides a portion of the intensity of the entire light pattern.
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46. A vehicle headlight comprising at least one headlight unit, said at least one headlight unit including an optical prism and a plurality of spaced apart molded elongated lenses optically coupled to a front face of the prism, each elongated lens including a head portion and a body portion, said at least one headlight unit further including a plurality of light emitting diode (LED) assemblies, where a single LED assembly is provided for each lens, said LED assembly including a base substrate, wherein each LED assembly emits a beam of light that is focused and directed by the elongated lens and is collected and directed by the prism to be emitted from the front face of the prism as a single beam of light.
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This application is a Continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/772,088, filed Feb. 3, 2004, entitled ETENDUE-SQUEEZING ILLUMINATION OPTICS which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/445,059, file Feb. 4, 2003, entitled ETENDUE-SQUEEZING ILLUMINATION OPTICS both of which applications are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
The present invention relates generally to optical illumination lenses, and more particularly to etendue-squeezing primary source-optics utilizing either commercially available packaged LEDs or immersive-lens designs suitable for LEDs mounted in the chip-on-board fashion.
Among the more challenging illumination tasks for solid-state lighting is forward lighting meeting predefined criteria, such as forward lighting for vehicles, utilizing non-thermal light sources, e.g., light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The lifetime of LEDs in the vibration environment of a ground vehicle is far greater than that of conventional incandescent sources. Some recently developed white LEDs are surpassing the significant 100-lumen luminosity threshold, marking the feasibility of fulfilling that most difficult of all forward vehicle lighting tasks, automotive-headlight intensity standards. Peak intensities in the tens of thousands of candela, however, can not be achieved with LEDs alone.
Beyond efficiency, moreover, automotive design pressures for highly compact forward-lighting systems pose severe tradeoffs of device size against attainment of sharp intensity cutoffs required to minimize glare to other vehicles. Prior LED optics employ unacceptable device size when compared to competing incandescent-source designs such as projector lamps.
The above needs are at least partially met through provision of the method, apparatus, and system for using generating illumination that, in some embodiments, utilize etendue squeezing described in the following detailed description, particularly when studied in conjunction with the drawings. In some embodiments, an apparatus for use generating illumination is provided that comprises a reflective base, a first light source positioned proximate the reflective base, and a reimaging reflector positioned partially about the first light source, where a percentage of light emitted from the first light source is reflected from the reimaging reflector to the reflective base adjacent the first light source establishing a first real image of the first light source adjacent the first light source such that the reflective base reflects the light of the first real image. The reimaging reflector can, in some embodiments, be generally a quarter ellipsoid with a first focus positioned on the first light source and a second focus positioned proximate the first light source at a position of the first real image and below the reflective base at a height below a surface of the reflective base equal to a height of a light emitting surface of the first light source from the surface. In some embodiments, the reimaging reflector can further comprise a first sector of a first prolate ellipsoid and a second sector of a second prolate ellipsoid, where the first and second sectors joined along an axis.
Some alternative embodiments provide apparatuses for use in transmitting light. These apparatuses can comprise a first etendue squeeze light source comprising a first reimaging reflector positioned partially about the first light source, where a percentage of light emitted from the first light source is reflected from the first reimaging reflector establishing a first real image of the first light source adjacent the first light source. Some embodiments further include a second etendue squeeze light source. A luminaire is often included in many embodiments, where the luminaire comprises first and second reflective surfaces, where the first source is positioned proximate an edge of the second reflective surface to direct light onto the first reflective surface, and the second source is positioned proximate an edge of the first reflective surface to direct light onto the second reflective surface. The first and second sources can each further include a free-form lens positioned to receive light from the respective light source and the respective first and second real images, such that the light passes through the free-form lens at solid angle subtended by dimensions of the corresponding first and second reflector surfaces. In some embodiments, a luminaire is included that is generally boat-shaped, with first and second reflective surfaces being generally paraboloidal, with the first source being positioned at a focal point of the paraboloidal first surface and the second source being positioned at a focal point of the paraboloidal second surface.
Further embodiments provide a lens that includes a reimaging reflector positioned to receive a percentage of a total light received by the lens. The reimaging reflector reflects the percentage of light establishing a first real image that is further directed away from the reimaging reflector and into the lens. The reimaging reflector can be generally ellipsoidal in shape. Additionally and/or alternatively, the reimaging reflector can further comprise a plurality of sectors where each sector is defined by a prolate ellipsoid, such that a first sector reflects a first sub-percentage of the percentage of light establishing the first real image, and a second sector reflects a second sub-percentage of the percentage of light establishing a second real image that is further directed away from the reimaging reflector and into the lens. Some lens embodiments further comprises a first etendue-squeezing reflector and a second etendue-squeezing reflector both positioned to receive a percentage of the total light received. The first etendue-squeezing reflector can have a profile comprises a parabola segment and an ellipse segment, where the parabola segment and the ellipse segment both have a common axis of revolution and meeting with the same tangent.
Some preferred embodiment provide for a method of manufacturing an optical device. The method can comprise defining a first position for placement of an optical source; and defining a first prolate paraboloidal surface further comprising defining a first focus at the first position and defining a second focus at a second position a first distance from the first position in a first direction, providing a three-dimensional representation of an optical source. The defining of the second focus can further include defining a plane relative to the optical source and the first position such that a second distance is defined in a second direction from the plane to an emitting surface of the optical source, and defining the second focus of the first paraboloidal surface at a third distance defined in a third direction from the plane to the second focus where the third distance is equal to the second distance such that the third direction is opposite the second direction.
Additional embodiments provide methods for manufacturing an optical device. These methods can comprises generating a two-dimensional representation of a plurality of entry surfaces and a plurality of corresponding reflective surfaces, and exit surface; rotationally sweeping the two-dimensional representation about a central axis providing a three-dimensional representation of the plurality of entry and corresponding reflective surfaces, and exit surface; and defining a cutout of the three-dimensional representation that extends from about a center of the three-dimensional representation at the central axis to a periphery of the three-dimensional representation providing a three-dimensional representation of an optical lens. Some embodiments additionally comprise defining an optical source for positioning proximate the central axis that further comprises: defining a first position for placement of an optical source; and defining a first prolate paraboloidal surface that includes defining a first focus at the first position, and defining a second focus at a second position a first distance from the first position in a first direction. The defining the optical source can further comprises defining a second prolate paraboloidal surface by defining a first focus of the second prolate paraboloidal surface at the first position, and defining a second focus of the second prolate paraboloidal surface at a third position a first distance from the first position in a second direction opposite the first direction.
A better understanding of the features and advantages of the present invention will be obtained by reference to the following detailed description of the invention and accompanying drawings which set forth an illustrative embodiment in which the principles of the invention are utilized.
The above and other aspects, features and advantages of the present invention will be more apparent from the following more particular description thereof, presented in conjunction with the following drawings wherein:
Corresponding reference characters indicate corresponding components throughout the several views of the drawings. Skilled artisans will appreciate that elements in the figures are illustrated for simplicity and clarity and have not necessarily been drawn to scale. For example, the dimensions of some of the elements in the figures may be exaggerated relative to other elements to help to improve understanding of various embodiments of the present invention. Also, common but well-understood elements that are useful or necessary in a commercially feasible embodiment are typically not depicted in order to facilitate a less obstructed view of these various embodiments of the present invention.
A better understanding of the features and advantages of the present embodiments will be obtained by reference to the following detailed description of the invention and accompanying drawings, which set forth illustrative examples in the design of which the principles of the embodiments are utilized.
The present embodiments provide for apparatuses and methods for etendue squeezed light sources, as well as optics and/or luminaries that utilize the etendue squeezed light sources and are optimized through the use of the optics.
Some embodiments provide sources can be utilized to provide forward vehicle lighting, such as headlights for automobiles that satisfy some of the most challenging forward vehicle-lighting prescriptions. Present embodiments can further utilize light-emitting diodes (LED) as well as solid-state chip-on-board light sources in general. Moreover, the preferred embodiments disclosed herein can include configurations comprising separately molded luminaires and lenses in which the solid-state chip-on-board light sources are immersed.
The present embodiments relate generally to optical illumination lenses, and some preferred embodiments utilize immersive lens designs suitable for LEDs mounted in the chip-on-board fashion. Immersion refers to the practice of surrounding an LED with a transparent dielectric. This can increase the light-extraction efficiency over the operation of the LED in air, by decreasing Fresnel reflectance and reducing the extent of total internal reflection within the chip. The present embodiments furthermore can utilize tailored free-form folded optics to meet particular prescriptions, such as prescriptions for forward vehicular lighting. The present embodiments can be employed in illumination lenses utilizing a novel optical principle, that of etendue squeezing, for example through ellipsoidal reimaging as fully described below.
The immersive lens of the LEDs and/or optics utilized with the LEDs can be formed from substantially any relevant material, such as plastics, polymers, glass, silicon and other such material. Plastic optics can be formed through injection molding of transparent polymeric plastics such as acrylic, polycarbonate, polyarylate, cyclo-olefins, and other similar materials. The cyclo-olefins group, for example, can be used at high operating temperatures, for example at 161� C., as exemplified by a cyclo-olefin based product Zeonor 1600R, produced by Zeon Corporation of Japan. Optical injection molding is also possible with silicones, while low-pressure molding is possible with glass.
The terms used herein of light and illumination are not restricted to the visible wavelength range of 380 to 750 nanometers, but can additionally encompass the entire ultraviolet and infrared range that is amenable to geometric optics. In these non-visible ranges, the present embodiments have similar technological benefits to those it provides in the visible range. Further, the present embodiments can be equally applied to near-ultraviolet LEDs, which may be primary light sources for exciting visible-light phosphors.
In the near-infrared regime (e.g., 700-1100 nm), night-vision illuminators based on the present embodiments can be implemented to use commercially available near-infrared LEDs as light sources for lenses that can be molded of the above-mentioned materials, in the same manner as for visible-light illuminators.
Previous LEDs were generally too fragile to withstand the rigors of the injection-molding process. Recently, however, new chip-on-board designs have eliminated the delicate gold-wire leads that could not withstand injection molding. Now it becomes possible to precisely mold miniature optical elements adjacent to an LED chip. In some embodiments this ability to precisely mold optical elements adjacent to LED chips is utilized.
Government and industry standards for vehicular forward lighting involve a high-intensity hot-spot with a broader and less intense overall pattern that gradually extends sideways but must fall off very rapidly above the horizontal plane. In addition, headlights must have high-beam capability, which requires even higher intensity levels in the hot-spot. Attempts to fulfill such prescriptions through previous LED optics involved configurations that are too thick for injection molding to be suitably produced and/or implemented. Alternatively, the present embodiments provide luminaire designs with the device size greatly reduced compared with previous device sizes that were necessary to fulfill forward-lighting prescriptions.
The present embodiments configure and/or arrange light sources to establish a high-performance etendue light source and/or optics. A conserved quantity of a bundle of light rays, etendue, is the product of a bundle area and its projected solid angle. A solid angle, measured in steradians (sr), can be visualized as a piece of the sky, where a projected solid angle refers to a unit circle below the unit hemisphere on which solid angle is defined.
A solar concentrator makes a small solar image via its concentrated solar rays converging on its collector from over a much wider angle than the half-degree angular width of the Sun as its nearly parallel rays entered the concentrator. Conversely, a searchlight mirror transforms the omnidirectional emission of a small source into a large well-directed beam with narrow angular width. Both for concentrators and collimators, area and angle are traded off, but their product, etendue, generally cannot increase because it is an invariant property of any ray bundle, from the moment the bundle was created by the light source. By geometric necessity, etendue can only be reduced by removing rays from a bundle. The etendue concept can be considered generally analogous to the entropy concept in thermodynamics, where entropy according to the Second Law of thermodynamics never decreases.
Etendue is the phase-space volume of a bundle of light rays. If lateral coordinates x and y are defined across a device aperture Σ, two angles can be defined according to a light ray passing through these axes. Ray-directions can be defined by variables p and q, defined according to the cosines of the above two angles, and as multiplied by a local refractive index n. Thus the dimensions of phase space are x, y, p, and q. Whether a bundle of rays is concentrated or collimated, its phase-space volume does not change.
The etendue can be determined for substantially any light source. For example, if a light source is defined by a square LED chip having an encapsulated dome with an index of refraction n, the etendue of this LED source can be given by:
Similarly, a circular collimator with a nominal diameter (e.g., a diameter of two inches, minus 1 mm for mounting), an optical radius R (for example, a radius R=24.5 mm) and that emits into air can provide an output beam, of half-angle θ, that has an etendue defined according to:
This two dimensional representation of the etendue measure is useful when analyzing rotationally symmetric optics in terms of their diameter and average beam divergence. Commercially available LED chips are typically squares cut out of a wafer, whereas the rotational symmetry of a circular chip provides a direct comparison of a full 4-D etendue with 2-D etendue. A disc source of width D and height L, embedded in a medium of refractive index n, emits hemispherically so that θ=90�, giving 2-D etendue according to:
The output beam of a collimator can be decomposed into elemental beamlets emitted from small patches of its output surface. The ith beamlet has etendue Ei, so the total beam has etendue is defined by the summation:
One of the important aspects of the present embodiments is the varying shapes and angular sizes of these beamlets across the output surface of a luminaire. For example, an edge of a parabolic reflector or mirror that is the farthest from a source provides a narrower beamlet than more central positions on the reflector closer in proximity to the source. As such, the total output beam of a parabola can be defined as a collection of beamlets of different widths, but all being substantially parallel to the system axis. In the case of vehicular forward lighting, however, the narrower beamlets are typically directed so as to promote a rapid vertical cutoff.
Some present embodiments alternatively utilize de-centered collimator segments illuminated by etendue-squeezing source optics. The uses of these de-centered, etendue-squeezing sources are fully described below.
The United States Department of Transportation (DOT) utilizes a logarithmic definition of intensity gradient (G) at vertical angle θ, according to the intensity values I(θ) and I(θ+0.1�): G=log10I(θ)−log10I(θ+0.1�). DOT regulation FMVSS 108 mandates G>0.13 for forward transmitting vehicular headlights. A gradient according the this mandate results in an intensity reduction or shrinkage equal to 10−0.13=0.741 for every 0.1 degree, a factor of about twenty smaller in only 10 of elevation. To accomplish this, previous systems require luminaires to be big enough that its smallest beamlets could be used to meet this difficult standard, resulting in excessively large and impractical luminaries. Alternatively, some present embodiments employ etendue squeezing allowing for luminaries that are substantially more compact while still meeting the regulatory standards and manufacturer preferences in its prescription.
The present embodiments implement the etendue squeezing through one of at least two methods, and in some embodiments employ more than one squeezing method. In some embodiments the etendue squeezing produces non-circular beamlets with a narrow vertical extent. Such non-circular bundles are directed so as to achieve a high vertical intensity gradient. The thinness of some LED chips, particularly green, blue, and white LEDs based on gallium indium nitride, assist this effect through their oblique rays bearing a very thin and elongated chip-image. Some embodiments alternatively and/or additionally implement the etendue squeezing by shrinking the narrowest beamlets. The shrinking of the narrowest beamlets is achieved in some embodiments by de-centering a light source.
In previous devices, an omnidirectional light source is typically placed at the center of a luminaire. Alternatively, the present embodiments position a light source so that the light source is not centered with respect to the luminaire and in some embodiments position the light source at an edge of a luminaire. De-centering the light source lengthens the distance from the light source to the farthest point of the aperture, making the narrowest beamlet even narrower than would be achieved in previous devices. This de-centering and/or edge-placement additionally positions the source closer to the external environment, thereby reducing the thermal paths for removing the source's waste-heat.
Some embodiments additionally redirect portions of the source light to more completely utilize the source flux. For example, additional optical means are employed near the source so as to redirect what might be unused portions of the omnidirectional emission into the luminaire, as is discussed fully below. When placement of the source is at an edge of a luminaire, about half of the omnidirectional emission might be redirected and in some instances more than half depending on the positioning and configuration of the luminaire. In some preferred embodiments employing LED light sources, the dimensions of the optics employed in redirecting emissions are maintained to a minimum, for example, only a few times bigger than the LED source. Further, the redirecting device and/or optics can include a precisely predefined shape and have precise positioning relative to the source. Some embodiments utilize in-mold-chip-on-board features to implement the redirectional device and/or positioning relative to the source.
In some embodiments, a non-circular aperture is additionally utilized. The aperture can be altered from a circular configuration to accommodate the peripheral placement of the source and to lengthen the distance from the light source to the farthest point of the aperture narrowing the beamlet. For simplicity, implementation of off-center positioning of a source and/or the aperture re-shaping is hereinafter referred to as etendue squeezing, and is further elucidated below.
A further desired effect and/or desideratum for some lighting, such as vehicular lighting, is a compact configuration. Previous lighting devices often required long optical path lengths in order to meet exacting prescriptions. These long paths typically resulted in unacceptable device sizes. The present embodiments alternatively incorporate folded optics to provide increased path lengths while limiting the size of the lighting devices.
The present embodiments additionally can be configured to include freeform optical surfaces specifically configured to shape an output beam to both low- and high-beam automobile headlight patterns. As such, the present embodiments can utilize LED light sources to power any number of lighting devices, such as automotive headlights. Previous automotive headlights utilized incandescent sources that have much higher power consumption than the LED sources. Additionally, the present invention takes advantage of LED's much higher tolerance to vibration and shock, and much longer lifetimes, which can generally exceed the expected operating life of automobiles.
Referring to
The de-centering of a light source relative to an aperture lengthens the distance from the light source to the farthest point of the aperture and provides for the reduced beamlet angular width. The reduced angular width provided by the off center positioning of the source allows, in part for the promotion of a rapid vertical cutoff. Additionally, the narrowed beamlet angular width can provide for a high vertical intensity gradient.
Some preferred embodiments utilize edge-placement tactics and/or additionally redirect omnidirectional source-emissions to be redirected into a narrower solid angle subtended by an aperture from the source, to in part avoid wasting luminous flux. In utilizing a semi-circular aperture such as the aperture of
This redirection can be achieved in some embodiments through the utilization of a mirror. For example, a vertically oriented planar mirror could be used, but such a flat mirror would preferably be positioned immediately adjacent to the source 14, to avoid a dark gap that might appear between the source and its adjacent image. A hemispheric mirror positioned to be centered on the source could be employed with sources that allowed free passage of those reflected rays avoiding dark gaps, and LEDs typically do not allow free passage of reflected rays.
In one preferred embodiment of the present invention, the redirection of light from the source can be implemented through an ellipsoid reflector, with non-imaging achieved by designing and position the ellipsoid with its focus at an edge of the source. The edge-ray principle of non-imaging optics utilized in the present embodiments advantageously strive to ensure that substantially all, and preferably all reflected source-rays appear to come from an image immediately adjacent to the source, even though a surface of an ellipsoid reflector itself is distant from the source.
The surface of ellipsoidal mirror 20 can further be configured according to some design considerations to pass through a point P at (PX,PY,PZ). The size of ellipsoidal mirror 20 is relative to the size of the source 21 in achieving accurate reimaging. An ellipsoid center 24 lies midway between the first and second foci F1 and F2, with a center-to-focus distance c given by
The location of surface point P fulfills the definition of an ellipse as the locus of points of constant sum 2 a of the distances from it to each focus, where a is the semi-major axis, accordingly given by:
Still referring to
Similar etendue squeezing can be achieved with other shaped sources such as rectangular, oval and substantially any other shape with the source off center and appropriate reflectance to generate reimaging and achieve the desired illumination pattern. As described above with reference to
In some embodiments, reimaging mirrors such as those depicted in
The reimaging mirrors of the present invention can be integrated with other preferred embodiments. The stand alone packages have to be bonded or otherwise secured to these devices. The bonding of the mirrors can be a laborious process that can introduce positional errors and the possibility of degrading or debilitating air bubbles. Alternatively, in some embodiments the present invention utilizes injection-moldable chip-on-board LEDs. The present invention takes advantage of their great positional accuracy of chip placement. The reimaging mirrors disclosed above become part of the external surfaces of the optical devices of the present invention. This allows an entire optical device to be completed in each brief molding cycle. Thereafter, the portions comprising the reimaging mirrors can be masked off and vacuum-metalized in cost-effectively large batches.
Referring back to
The concept of etendue squeezing is elucidated in
As such, some preferred embodiments utilize the off-center positioning of the source relative to an aperture and/or the redirecting of a portion of the illuminance from the source to achieve the desired etendue squeezing. The etendue squeezing can further be utilized to provide a light source with increased light extraction efficiency and thus improved output.
Referring back to
In monolithic preferred embodiments, a relatively large luminaire is formed. Typically, the luminaire is formed through injection-molding, but it can be formed through other methods. The luminaire includes an immersed chip-on-board LED source and adjacent reimaging reflector formed by a metalized portion of its exterior, and further surfaces that utilize a folded optical path and tailored surfaces that produce the desired output pattern.
Referring to
In some implementations of the lens 60 of
In accordance with the x and z axes shown in
As a further example, with the z-coordinates in the range 56.3934<z, 103.505155, the following twenty exponentially-enumerated coefficients can apply:
Lens 60 includes integral mounting brackets 60B, reimaging reflectors 62, metalized reflectors 63, fluted slightly cylindrical reflectors 66, optically inactive surface 67, and reflective surface 68.
As an example of the semicircular configuration 13 of
Bottom view
A preferred embodiment fulfilling a vehicular fog lamp prescription is depicted in
The totality of luminous effects of this multiplicity of etendue-squeezing preferred embodiments is the fulfillment of a fog-lamp prescription into a direction off the surface normal of the local vehicle surface.
The linear lens 81 of
which can be defined according to the following forty enumerated coefficients.
which can be defined according to the following forty enumerated coefficients.
In stand-alone preferred embodiments, a smaller injection-molded configuration surrounds the chip-on-board LED source, comprising a reimaging reflector and a free-form surface shaped to produce a wide-angle pattern tailored for injection through the intervening air or other medium to an adjacent beam-forming luminaire. Preferred embodiments employ decentered installation of their light sources, in the manner depicted in
In previous devices, a conventional circular paraboloidal mirror with a central source has the disadvantage in that the central portions of the reflector are positioned quite close to the light source and therefore tend to produce beamlets much wider than most of the beam, wastefully producing a probably useless dim fringe extending around the main beam.
Alternatively in one preferred embodiment of boat-shaped luminaire 110, light sources 113 and 114 are positioned at a distance or removed from their corresponding reflectors (112 and 111, respectively) and thus substantially avoid producing such wasteful wide-angle beamlets. Some present embodiments utilize light sources 113 and 114 that employ etendue squeezing. The etendue squeezing, as described above, limits the direction of emitted light from each source towards its corresponding reflector. Such an arrangement avoids the production of wasted light being emitted from the sources in directions away from the reflectors 111, 112. This etendue squeezing is illustrated in
High flux-utilization includes the efficient optical coupling of an LED-chip's hemispheric emission to the paraboloidal sector focused upon it. For a beam meeting forward-lighting prescriptions and particularly their rapid vertical cutoffs, etendue squeezing enables overall device size to be minimized, by giving up rapid horizontal cutoffs. Thus a combination of reimaging reflector and free-form tailored lens sends the appropriate local-intensity pattern for input to its paraboloidal-sector reflector. This squeezing is illustrated in
Additional degrees of optical-design freedom are available when utilizing sources with etendue squeezed output to satisfy the complexities of a forward-lighting prescription.
The light sources indicated in
The principal difference between a paraboloidal versus a TIR-lens deployment is that the TIR lens version utilizes the upright orientation shown in
In the embodiment depicted in
In some preferred embodiments, the facet number of the TIR lens are optimized in relation to the location of its cutting plane so that the central portions of luminaire 160 have illuminated facets. The mold sections for the injection molding of this preferred embodiment could advantageously be sections of a single circularly symmetric mold conventionally fabricated by rotating machinery. In these preferred embodiments, the TIR boat-lens advantageously has both light sources situated from their corresponding TIR-lens slices 162 t, 163 t, that the resultant exit beams have a narrow range of beamlet sizes. The freeform lens configuration of the sources 162 s, 163 s, shown in
The present embodiments employ novel design principles and combinations of those design principles. One aspect of some present embodiments utilizes in-mold placement of chip-on-board light emitting diodes (LED) within an injection-molded immersive optical device. Another aspect of some of the present embodiments provides an enhanced optical source by etendue squeezing, a novel optical principle disclosed herein. Additionally, some preferred embodiments utilizes multi-sector ellipsoidal reimaging mirrors as a particular means of implementing etendue-squeezing. The present invention additionally employs compact folded-optic configurations utilizing tailored free-form surfaces to meet particular output prescriptions, particularly low-beam and high-beam automotive forward lighting.
While the invention herein disclosed has been described by means of specific embodiments and applications thereof, numerous modifications and variations could be made thereto by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention set forth in the claims.
Referenced by
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Next Friday May 25th Mt. Pleasant Speedway will be the place to be for watching and for racing. There are many things going on starting with the Annual WOOF Classic. For those that don't know this has always been a memorial race for William Long father of Bill Long who is Promotional Director at Mt. Pleasant Speedway and also one of the founders of the Michigan Dirt Cup for Modified and Late Model divisions. The" Woof" expression came about as it was one of Mr. Long favorite expressions good or bad. Come out and help celebrate this annual event. This night will also host the 2nd race of the Michigan Dirt Cup Late Model Series with the 1st being this past Saturday at I96 with Brandon Thirlby winning in a star studded field of late model drivers from all over the state. Not only will it be the 2nd Michigan Dirt Cup race for Late Models but will also be an ALMS Sunoco show in the same night of racing. This is two great Late Model Series in one night at the same track. Not to mention this will be a full show of racing Michigan Dirt Cup/ALMS Sunoco UMP Late Models, UMP Modified, UMP Stock Cars, Mod 4's, and Stock 4's.
With 20 Ump Modified drivers making the call for last week's Soaring Eagle Mod Special made for some exciting close racing and in some cases a little too close. With so many cars that are very fast it makes for some exciting times as all the drivers want the same spot on the Mari go round. With one driver coming out on top for the checkers was none other than Zack Olger in his Xtreme built 0x machine. Close second was David Mielke in his Ruhlman Racecars built #87. Who will get the win next week in the Ump Mod division will it be a Vet or one of the young guns making their way up the ranks? Will it be your favorite Chassis builder getting the win? Maybe a home town Xtreme built by Rich Robinson Jr. out of Racers Speed Shop in Mt. Pleasant, MI? Could it be a Ruhlman Racecar built by Brian Ruhlman out of Clark Lake MI? Maybe a BMS, American made, Smart, or maybe some other Chassis. Will the fans be cheering for you? One thing is for sure next Friday May 25th at Mt. Pleasant Speedway we will know who it is when the checker flag fly's.
Ump Stock Cars have also been a very exciting division this year. With Landon Hidy out of Grand Ledge, Mi in his #87 winning back to back features with 100 Mike Sparks and 11 Jeff Loomis rounding out the top three. Rob Brillhart, Chance Allen(R), Greg Tragis, Raymond Devericks, Ron Harper, Dan Mcdonald (R), Tom Wemigwans, Paula Wright, Jeff Mackenzie (R), Jay Mcclain, Myron Wiggins, Gary Vandermark, Mike Vandermark, Shanon Ferranete, Kyle Mielke, Jeremy Bass, David Mcewan, and Brent Reil make out some of the great Ump Stock Cars we have been getting this year at Mt. Pleasant Speedway. We look for all Ump Stock Cars to come try out are 3/8 high banked track. Calling out to all friends and family to come out and cheer your favorite driver to Checkers this coming Friday May 25th.
Last week was none other than Steve Workman coming away with the A main win in his #2 machine with a strong lineup of fast stock 4's. With heat races won by the 2 of Steve Workman, D7 Tasha Decker, and #71 of Taco Bob this week stepping in for Scott Boyd. With a field of many cars that could win on any given Friday watch out for #23 Joe Allen, 13 Kyle Galgoci, 95 Brendan Powell, or any of the Keeler family Steve Keeler Jr. and Sr. Maybe it will be a new comer to Mt. Pleasant speedway this week if you have a four cylinder race car and looking to be part of a big show see if you can hang with some of the finest racer the division has to offer in the state young and old at Mt. Pleasant Speedway "The Cleanest Show on Dirt".
This week one thing will be certain just making the field will be an accomplishment in the Ump Late Model division with both series Michigan Dirt Cup/ALMS Sunoco coming to Mt. Pleasant Speedway. Come out this week to help celebrate William Long by attending the WOOF Classic a man that will not be forgotten at the Mt. Pleasant Speedway. Adults 11-64 $15, Seniors 64 and up $10, Kids 2 to 10 $5, Kids 0 to 2 FREE. Don't forget about the Family Pass 2 Adults and 2 Kids you're getting in for $32. Mt. Pleasant Speedway allows you to bring a beverage of your choice just remember no glass and if it will be Alcoholic beverage of choice please do not sit in the Family section. Mt. Pleasant Speedway looks to see you have your backside trackside Friday May 25th. For more info visit www.mpspeedway.com


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Watching those cattle calm down, I knew I needed a squeeze chute of my own. When I got back to school that fall, my high school teacher helped me build my own squeeze chute, the size of a human being down on all fours. I bought my own air compressor, and I used plywood boards for the V. It worked beautifully. Whenever I put myself inside my squeeze machine, I felt calmer. I still use it today.
I got through my teenage years thanks to my squeeze machine and my horses. Animals kept me going. I spent every waking minute that I didn't have to be studying or going to school with those horses. I even rode Lady at a show. It's hard to imagine today, a school keeping a stable of emotionally disturbed and dangerous horses for its underaged students to ride. These days you can't even play dodgeball in gym class because somebody might get hurt. But that's the way it was. A lot of us got nipped or stepped on or thrown at that school, but no one was ever seriously hurt, at least not while I was there. So it worked out.
I wish more kids could ride horses today. People and animals are supposed to be together. We spent quite a long time evolving together, and we used to be partners. Now people are cut off from animals unless they have a dog or a cat.
Horses are especially good for teenagers. I have a psychiatrist friend in Massachusetts who has a lot of teenage patients, and he has a whole different set of expectations for the ones who ride horses. He says that if you take two kids who have the same problem to the same degree of severity, and one of them rides a horse regularly and the other one doesn't, the rider will end up doing better than the nonrider. For one thing, a horse is a huge responsibility, so any teenage kid who's looking after a horse is developing good character. But for another, riding a horse isn't what it looks like: it isn't a person sitting in a saddle telling the horse what to do by yanking on the reins. Real riding is a lot like ballroom dancing or maybe figure skating in pairs. It's a relationship.
I remember looking down to make sure my horse was on the right lead. When a horse is cantering around the ring one of his front hooves has to thrust out farther forward than the other one, and the rider has to help him do that. If I leaned my body just the right way, it helped my horse get on the right lead. My sense of balance was so bad I could never learn to parallel ski no matter how hard I tried, though I did reach the advanced snowplow stage. Yet there I was, moving my body in sync with the horse's body to help him run right.
Horseback riding was joyous for me. I can remember being on a horse sometimes and we'd gallop in the pasture and that was such a big thrill. Of course it's not good for horses to run them all the time, but once in a while we'd get to have a little run, and I'd feel exhilarated. Or we'd be out on a trail riding, and do a really fast gallop down the road. I remember what it looked like, the trees whizzing by; I remember that really well to this day.


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60 year old man | Charlotte, NC, USA | Seeking women 50-58 within 120 miles
Active within 24 hours
Hey, I am looking for that special person to...
Hey, I am looking for that special person to share fun times with in a long term relationship. Chemistry is very important and I look for the gal who likes to be put on a pedestal. You may get serenaded with piano music but don't look for the vocals. I can't sing. If you can, we may be able to make beautiful music together. If not, maybe we will just enjoy a glass of wine by the fireplace. Laughing and having fun is a requirement. I'm all about fun. I am looking for an attractive female who has high moral values and loves sports, especially football. Golfing is a passion for me but not a requirement. Vacations and weekend getaways can be almost anywhere as long as they are with the right person. Honesty, flexibility and spontaneity are important attributes I would look for. I am attracted to those who like to help others. First meeting expectations would be for a glass of wine or coffee. If you have those "Angel Eyes" and want to turn them my way, would love to hear from you. If you can name the band, bonus points.:) Thanks for viewing my profile.
Alumni connections , Coffee and conversation , Dining out , Movies/Videos , Museums and art , Music and concerts , Exploring new areas , Performing arts , Playing sports , Political interests , Religion/Spiritual , Shopping/Antiques , Travel/Sightseeing , Video games , Volunteering , Watching sports , Wine tasting
Auto racing / Motorcross, Baseball, Basketball, Dancing, Football, Golf, Other types of exercise, Skiing, Swimming, Walking / Hiking
I exercise 5 or more times per week.
I like Cats, Dogs, Horses
Lake Lure, Blowing Rock, Charleston, Hilton Head, Myrtle Beach, Naples, Ft. Lauderdale, and US Virgin Islands.
Marshall University, Huntington, WV
Daughters, Mom, Music, Marshall Thundering Herd, Carolina Panthers, beach, mountains, well groomed golf courses, being with "the one."
Marshall University Thundering Herd football ,"We Are Marshall", golf, piano, keyboards, music, beach, mountains, the Carolina Panthers.!!!
Gray Mountain, Unbroken, Bleachers, Sycamore Row,The Racketeer, Calico Joe, The Confession, Heaven Is For Real, The Shack.
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|6'0" (182cms)
|5'1" (154cms) to 5'9" (175cms)
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Diistrict Manager-Pharma.
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BBA Business Marketing


text:
RTA taps next CEO
Consultant Scott Neeley has 18 years of transit experience
CORPUS CHRISTI - The Regional Transportation Authority board on Tuesday tapped transportation consultant Scott Neeley to be the agency's next CEO.
"It really was very difficult for us to make the decision, but we think that Scott's the right fit for the community and for the organization," Chairwoman Crystal Lyons said.
Board members authorized the board chairwoman to negotiate a contract with Neeley, 42, who works for a private firm as a consultant for Dallas Area Rapid Transit, primarily on rail issues. If he accepts the job, Neeley could start as early as January, Lyons said.
Thirty-eight people applied for the position after the authority launched a nationwide search earlier this year after former CEO Ed Carrion's abrupt resignation in May, two years after he took the job. The board narrowed the search to three finalists, who were interviewed Monday by board members and a panel of three community members. The RTA has budgeted for a CEO to earn $130,000 a year plus a $4,800 annual car allowance.
Neeley could not immediately be reached for comment Monday afternoon.
Originally from West Texas, Neeley has 18 years of experience working for public and private transportation agencies, including some executive experience.
He bested two other candidates for the job: Albert Eby, director of the Cape Fear Public Transportation Authority in Wilmington, N.C., and Teri Mantony, deputy general manager of the bus division at the Golden Gate Bridge, Highway and Transportation District in the San Francisco area.
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Usain Bolt - A unique and very special talent
You can doubt other athletes all you want. They will fail, if only occasionally. They will bend to the laws of physics and physiology.
The same rules do not apply to Usain Bolt.
In retaining his Olympic 100m title in 9.63 seconds despite being, by his own admission, only 95% fit and after a season in which he has been beaten, injured and questioned like never before, the 25-year-old Jamaican reminded the watching world of something we were in danger of forgetting: he is not like the rest of us.
Bolt does not just make the impossible real; he can make it almost mundane.
His time of 9.69 seconds in the 2008 Olympic final once blew minds and reset parameters seemingly forever. Now that time is relegated to the footnotes, a metre down on his London calling card and more than 0.1 secs off his wondrous world best.
Sunday night's unequivocal excellence, however, was not about the numbers. Bolt came to these Olympics with a simple, singular aim: to confirm his status, once and for all, as a legend of the sport.
You might reasonably think he had already done enough. Bolt, a student of sprinting and its history, did not.
To him, his Beijing sprint double was a task only half completed. Only by retaining both titles, something no other man in history has ever done, would he be satisfied.
Even as the afternoon hours ticked away, there were still grave misgivings about his chances. Yohan Blake had beaten him - twice - at the Jamaican trials just a few weeks ago.
Bolt had not run since. Instead he had sought treatment from sports doctor Hans Muller-Wohlfahrt, his back and hamstrings said to be as unreliable as his summer form.
When Justin Gatlin, the 2004 Olympic champion, won the night's first semi-final in 9.82 secs, the quickest ever showing at that stage of a competition, the doubts swelled further. With fellow American Tyson Gay, the second fastest man in history, also going to his blocks, this was the highest quality field ever assembled in a major global final.
"He wasn't the best out of the blocks but he didn't need to be. He has got so much more than the rest of these guys. It is the strongest field there has ever been in this event but they cannot touch Usain Bolt."
Oh ye of little faith.
Bolt not only got out fast - quicker than either Blake or Gatlin - but he left his rivals behind as if sucked away by a jet-engine's thrust.
Blake's 9.75 secs for silver was nowhere. Neither was Gatlin's 9.79 secs for bronze. Both were personal bests, yet in a narrative written by Bolt's brilliance, these things are reduced to afterthoughts.
London, stunned and screaming, had witnessed the quickest 100m final ever.
Seven men went under 10 seconds, beating the previous record of six, achieved at both the 1991 World Championships and 2008 Olympics in Beijing. The times for the athletes finishing from third to seventh were the fastest ever registered for those positions.
Had Asafa Powell not popped his groin and limped over the line, all eight finalists would have gone under 10 seconds for the first time in history. Since Powell's nominal 11.99 seconds would have won the 100m final at the first Olympics in 1896, there was neatness regardless.
With Bolt away in a golden blur, none of it mattered anyway.
You could lose yourself in arguments about how Sunday's time compared to his Berlin best - a tailwind of 1.5 m/s here to 2009's 0.9 m/s, the comparatively fresh 17 Celsius of London less conducive to record-breaking than Germany's mid-summer warmth.
To do so would be to neglect the impact this man has on the wider world.
There is good reason one million people applied for tickets for Sunday night's session at the Olympic Stadium. This is not just the biggest single contest in the planet's biggest sporting occasion, but one of a finite number of opportunities to witness the greatest sprinter that has ever lived do what no athlete has ever done before.
Every Olympic 100m champion in the last 32 years was there to watch - Maurice Greene, Donovan Bailey, Linford Christie, Carl Lewis and Alan Wells.
Since Bolt is more than just athletics, it did not stop at sprinters. At one point, I looked around to see Lennox Lewis, John McEnroe and Kobe Bryant all within hailing distance.
Bolt worked for this win. The strength of the field meant he could not celebrate from 15 metres out as he had four years ago.
It merely made for a superior script. Only in Gatlin's bronze, after two long doping bans and a reputation at rock-bottom within the sport, could there be displeasure.
That Gay, universally liked by his peers and undervalued by the public at large, should miss out on his first Olympic medal by 0.01 secs to a man like Gatlin and leave the track in tears was a sad sub-plot.
Gay has run two of the five fastest 100m races of all time - 9.69 secs in Shanghai three years ago and 9.71 secs in Berlin the same summer. Because he has done so in the era and races of Bolt, only the aficionados will pay sufficient dues.
Bolt, as ever, was in the mood for partying - cavorting, clowning, delighting the capacity crowd with his full range of showman celebrations.
"People can talk," he shrugged afterwards, in a brief moment of sober reflection. "All they can do is talk. I brought it. I know what I need to do."
That may well have been Bolt's last ever Olympic 100m. Few sprinters maintain a physical peak across eight years or a mental desire to stay at the top once they have conquered every challenge confronting them.
By the time the 2016 Games in Rio de Janeiro come around, Bolt will be approaching his 30th birthday. If track still holds his focus, it is more likely to be over one lap than the single straight, the goal an unprecedented domination of three distances should the pain of 400m running not turn his sated stomach.
"To be the second-fastest man in the world behind Bolt is an honour. He is the fastest man in the world and I've got a silver medal. What more can I ask for?"
Yohan Blake, Olympic 100m silver medallist
In case any of us were feeling a little wistful for that reason, or that a contest so eagerly anticipated for so long is over in such a beautiful blink of the eye, Bolt gave us a little reminder before he left the stadium that something even more stunning may be just round the curve.
"I really want to do something special in my 200m," he said, teasingly, to reporters waiting to interview after his 100m triumph.
His own world record of 19.19 seconds? Incredibly, impossibly, the 19-second barrier itself?
"It's been on my mind for years and years," he said, with as straight a face as he ever could.
"This season, on this track, feeling confident... we'll see."
Comment number 55. Posted by Simianon 7 Aug 2012 08:07
Great sprinter. Shame he acts like such a child all the time.
Comment number 54. Posted by laughing jackasson 6 Aug 2012 23:38
I sure hope Powell will be fit for the relay. In some sports, when your home team is being thrashed, you can only sit back and watch the opposition dish out a masterclass in pure awe.The Jamaican men's 4x100 mtre relay will be such an occasion.i cant wait.
Comment number 53. Posted by Martian soldieron 6 Aug 2012 22:09
I would love to see Bolt in the 400m I think that would be something to watch!!!
Comment number 52. Posted by sportingfan123on 6 Aug 2012 20:34
to be fair Gatlin was suspended for many years, unlike Blake. This was an excellent final and Bolt reminded everyone that he is in a league of his own. His world record time in the 100m will probably not be beaten for a very long time now unless he beats it himself.
Comment number 51. Posted by bottled-bananaon 6 Aug 2012 20:09
Also interesting is that, while many people talk about Gatlin's drug suspension, no one talks about the fact that Yohan Blake was also suspended for a few months for taking a banned substance in 2009.
Comment number 50. Posted by helfastbhoyon 6 Aug 2012 20:01
What a fantastic race to watch. Our kids were mesmerised with the pre race rituals of Bolt and Blake nevermind the actual race itself! Bolt is without doubt, the finest athlete that the world has ever seen - with a fantastic personality to match. The scenes with him and Blake after the race, interacting with the crowd, were a joy to watch.
Comment number 49. Posted by bottled-bananaon 6 Aug 2012 19:58
Regarding Tyson Gay, his career has been blighted by injury. In Beijing he only made it to the semi because he was suffering an injury. And this time, having had a hip operation only a few months back, he still wasn't quite 100%. Sure, he ran 9.80 secs to come 4th, which is a very good time, but imo a 100% Gay (keep in mind he is the 2nd fastest ever with his 9.69) would've got 2nd after Bolt.
Comment number 48. Posted by Vivekon 6 Aug 2012 19:26
@FrankPoster: In the Western world, we work on the premise of innocent until proven guilty. That applies to Bolt, Wiggins and Ye Shiwen.
As for Bolt's acceleration at the end, you should have read the analyses after Beijing. Bolt's physique is not that of a 100m sprinter, more like a 200m one. He's more like Michael Johnson, not so quick out of the blocks but quicker later.
Hats off to Bolt!
Comment number 47. Posted by endzzon 6 Aug 2012 19:21
@frank poster why does it not add up??somewhere inside of u does not count.busts of speed after50/60hahado u know any thing about the 100 meters he maintaining he speed better cause of his height. then the rest off the sprinters so it looks like hes going faster!look at the splits of the of 00meter races to see for your self.@ bingo hav u seein bolt blake chambers etc train?what useless negativity
Comment number 46. Posted by FrankPosteron 6 Aug 2012 19:11
I should point out to all the very nave people out there that it is reckoned, by people who actually finance some of these sports that around 60% + of performance drugs doing the circuit are simply not detectable. You can dream on and believe a lot of the BBC hype, but there will inevitably be many athletes out there who will rise to the fame that Gold brings them, but with a little boost or two.
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text: In this film you can see the source of ideas that continue to echo in the sci-fi genre. Look for source material that led to: the green text computer code of "The Matrix", the android C3PO, the empty white netherworld of "The Matrix", and the first use of the word "wookie". There are many others. The film moves slowly but delivers an enveloping view of a possible future of techno-enhanced fascism. Check out the interview with the sound engineer on the DVD extras.


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Professional Ratings: 90 Wine Enthusiast
Region: Sonoma County, California
Varietal: Cabernet Sauvignon
Style: Big & Bold
Alcohol By Volume: 14.5%
Item no. 110072
The 2007 Dry Creek Vineyard Cabernet Sauvignon is classic Dry Creek Valley Cabernet.
At first swirl, deep aromas of raspberry, sage and dried floral elements come forward. On the palate, these aromas combine with black cherry and chocolate creating a mouthful of silky, well-integrated tannins. With some airing, the wine fleshes out even more providing dimension, depth and length. The finish lingers on for more than a minute with fine tannins that are very elegant and structured. Truly a blockbuster wine from an incredible vintage!
This excellent wine, which is made from the five classic Bordeaux varieties, shows the briary, tannic quality of Dry Creek Valley red wines. It's a lusty, complex sipper with quite a lot of character and personality, and should provide good drinking over the next six years or so.


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Product DescriptionJai Kudo 1852 P08 Stone eyeglasses are the ultimate in glamour. A geometric frame in elegant olive tortoiseshell wears beautifully on a variety of face shapes and is flawlessly fashionable! Delicate logos on the temples do not compete with the style of this very stylish frame.
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Book Search
Crime Fiction and the Law
Series: Birkbeck Law Press
This book opens up a range of important perspectives on law and violence by considering the ways in which their relationship is formulated in literature, television and film. Employing critical legal theory to address the relationship between crime fiction, law and justice, it considers a range of...
To Be Published December 30th 2015 by Routledge
Race, Law, Resistance
Race, Law, Resistance is an original and important contribution to current theoretical debates on race and law. The central claims are that racial oppression has profoundly influenced the development of legal doctrine and that the production of subjugated figures like the slave and the refugee has...
Published May 18th 2004 by Routledge-Cavendish


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The Folded Book
14 Jun 2014 – 15 Jun 2014
Event times
Weekend Workshop 11am - 5pm
Cost of entry
£130 (£110 concessions)
The Folded Book
AboutSpend a weekend exploring the delights and challenges of paper. Using a range of folding techniques, (alongside a little sewing and gluing) and looking at the relationship between structure and content, you will create a collection of simple and effective book forms. The course is suitable for those new to book arts.
Art form
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