text:
Method and apparatus for quantitating the amounts of enzyme substrates and metabolites present in biological fluids using spot test techniques. The tests utilize both fixed, preselected color standards and substrate and metabolite standards freeze-dried on transparent membranes or in porous pads for comparison. Other reagents including enzymes, dyes, cofactors are also freeze-dried in absorbent pads. The assembly may utilize any or all of the following in various combinations: porous discs of materials such as glass fibre filters to store reagents, to serve as liquid reaction volume measurement, and to assist in removing cells from blood samples; microporous membranes to act as barriers to blood cells; a protein enrichment membrane or a dialysis membrane to restrict passage of large molecules to the indicator zone; and a transparent window which may be a second microporous membrane or impermeable plastic on which indicator dyes are dried. In assembled format, the test plates, slides or discs fulfill all requirements for conducting the selected test: no added instrumentation, controls or other measurements are required.
Claims available in
Description (OCR text may contain errors)
Write States atent [191 Moyer et a1.
1*Feb. 12, 1974 RAPID METHODS FOR ASSAY OF ENZYME SUBSTRATES AND METABOLITES [75] lnventorsz Rudolph H. Moyer, W. Covina;
Donald J. Sibbett, Cucamonga, both of Calif.
[73] Assignee: Geomet,lncorporated, Rockville,
[ Notice: The portion of the term of this patent subsequent to Apr' 16, 1989, has been disclaimed.
[22] Filed: Feb. 25, 1971 [21] Appl. No.: 118,903
[52] US. Cl. 195/127, 195/1035 R, 23/253 TP [51] Int. Cl Cl2k 31/14 [58] Field of Search... 195/103.5 R, 127; 23/253 TP 5/1972 Moyer et al 195/1035 R Primary Examiner--Alvin E. Tanenholtz Assistant Examiner-Max D. Hensley [57] ABSTRACT Method and apparatus for quantitating the amounts of enzyme substrates and metabolites present in biological fluids using spot test techniques. The tests utilize both fixed, preselected color standards and substrate and metabolite standards freeze-dried on transparent membranes or in porous pads for comparison. Other reagents including enzymes, dyes, cofactors are also freeze-dried in absorbent pads. The assembly may utilize any or all of the following in various combinations: porous discs of materials such as glass fibre filters to store reagents, to serve as liquid reaction volume measurement, and to assist in removing cells from blood samples; microporous membranes to act as barriers to blood cells; a protein enrichment mem- 'brane or a dialysis membrane to restrict passage of large molecules to the indicator zone; and a transparent window which may be a second microporous membrane or impermeable plastic on which indicator dyes are dried. ln assembled format, the test plates, slides or discs fulfill all requirements for conducting the selected test: no added instrumentation, controls or other measurements are required.
These test devices may assist in the diagnosis of a number of pathological conditions which give rise to abnormal levels of metabolites or enzyme substrates. Methods for rapid assay of serum cholestrol, uric acid, testosterone, androsterone and galactose have been indicated as examples. A wide variety of other compounds found in biological fluids may also be assayed by similar technology.
11 Claims, 9 Drawing Figures PATENTEUFEB 1 2 3.791 .933
INVENTURH RUDOLPH H. MOYER DONALD J. SIBBETT ATTORNEYS PATENIEB HEB! 21914 SHEEI 2 BF 2 mvmmons RUDOLPH H. MOYER DONALD J. SIBBETT ATTORN EY RAPID METHODS FOR ASSAY OF ENZYME SUBSTRATES AND METABOLITES The present invention relates to extensions and improvements of the concepts and principles disclosed in our copending applications, Ser. No. 63,842, entitled Method and Apparatus for Quantitating Enzyme Activity now US. Pat. No. 3,663,374, filed Aug. 14, i970, and Ser. No. 110,185, entitled Improved Methods and Apparatus for Assaying Enzyme Activity, filed Jan. 27, 1971.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The human body is composed of many different organs and several different types of tissues with characteristic functions. Most of these tissues contain relatively large amounts of secondary specialized materials necessitated by the nature and function of the tissue. Examples of these specialized compounds include:
1. phospholipids, cholesterol and glycolipids in brain and nerve tissue,
2. glycogen in liver,
3. hemoglobin in red blood cells,
4. hormones in endocrine glands,
5. myosin in muscle, etc.
Both the state of nutrition or pathological conditions markedly influence the composition of the body tissues. Such variations are frequently reflected in the composition of the body fluids, particularly blood, which forms the basis for much of modern clinical diagnosis. A few examples of typical metabolic compounds of interest and diseases associated with them are found in the following table:
Increased in diabetes mellitus, starvation, von Gierke's disease, eclampsia, selected nervous disorders, etc.
Increased after ether anesthesia; Decreased in scurvy.
Increased by dehydration;
Decreased in chronic hepatitis, hepatic cirrhosis, anemias, many diseases.
Increased in acute hepatitis, various jaundices, selected anemias, acute yellow .atrophy, malaria hemolytic septicemia, incompatible bloood transfusions, etc. Increased in pheochromatoma, extra medullary chromaffintumors.
Increased levels in arteriolar sclerosis, pancreatitis, diabetes mellitus, nephrotic syndrone, hypophysectomy, multiple sclerosis, leukemia, eclampsia, etc.; Decreased levels in anemia, acute infections, hyperthroidism, epilepsy and hepatic diseases.
Increased in muscular dystrophy, myastenia gravis, hepatic carcinoma, diabetes. "lncreasdTridiabetes. biieimbhia. nephritis,
urinary obstructions, intestinal obstructions, tetany;
Decreased in amyotonia congenita, anemia, leukemia, advanced nephritis muscular atrophy.
Increased in galactosemia, some liver diseases.
Increased in diabetes mellitus, hyperpituitarism, coronary thrombosis, increased intercranial pressure, shock, infarctions, hyperthyroidism, chronic nephritis, urinary obstructions;
Decreased values in hyperinsulinism, hepatic insufficiency, pancreatic adenoma, Addison's disease, hypothyroidism, etc.
Present with gastric carcinoma, chronic gastritis, dilatation of the stomach, pyloric obstruction, etc.
Acetone (urine) Ascorbic Acid (blood and urine) Albumin Bilirubin (blood) Catechol amines Cholesterol Creatine Creatinine G alactose 6O Glucose Lactic Acid (gastric) COMPOUND COMPOSITION CHANGE AND DISEASE Pyruvic Acid (blood) Increased in vitamin B and thiamine insufficiency, fever, carcinoma, cirrhosis of the liver, von Gierke's disease, hyperthyroidism, cardiac decompensation. Increased in renal impairment, intestinal obstruction, dehydration, pneumonia, bleeding peptic and duodenal ulcers, etc; Decreased in acute hepatic insufficiency, nephrosis, chronic wasting diseases, amyloidosis, pregnancy.
Increased in various renal insufficiency diseases: acute and chronic nephritis, urinary obstructions, metallic poisoning such as by mercury and lead, hypertension; metabolic disturbances: gout, diabetes with acidosis: after exercise, rapid destruction of cell nuclei: leukemia, polycythemia, malignant tumors, pernicious anemia, etc;
Decreased in pernicious anemia (relapse), acute yellow atrophy of the liver, salicylate and atophan therapy.
Urea Nitrogen Uric Acid Assays of metabolites and/or enzyme substrates in body fluids have been used for a considerable period as an important aid in diagnosis of pathological conditions in humans. Rapid assays of most of these compounds have not been possible, particularly without instrumentation and trained personnel. Utilization of modifications of the techniques described in the aforesaid copending applications for patents makes available rapid and simple tests for many of these indicators of physiological disorders.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The methods and apparatus utilize simple but selective spot test procedures for assay of components of the blood, urine, spinal fluid, etc. For measurements which involve inhibition of enzyme reactions, indicator color development on test spots is compared to color development on reference spots. In such cases, reference spots contain standardized amounts of enzymes and/or inhibitory agents. For substrates or metabolites in biological fluids where measurement or assay is dependent only on conversion of the compounds of interest, direct comparison between the color developed on the test spot and a color chart calibrated in terms of concentration may be utilized.
Illustrative embodiments of apparatus and working embodiments of practical methods of the invention will be explained with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a plan view of a format suitable for comparison between rate of color development on standard spots and on a test spot;
FIG. 2 is an end elevational view of the structure of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a fragmentary exploded view of a stacked or assembled array of the components of a test spot of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a plan view, a portion being broken away for clarity, of a format for determining final color development indicative of progress of the substrate-limited process employed as a basis for analysis;
FIG. 5 is an end elevational view of the embodiment of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a plan view showing a format similar to that of FIG. 4 but disclosing a different form of readout means;
FIG. 7 is an end elevational view of the embodiment of FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a plan view of a further format adapted for use with fixed color standards incorporating an immobile color index; and
FIG. 9 is an end elevational view of the embodiment of FIG. 8.
Referring now in more detail to the drawings, the format of FIG. 1 is designed for the type of analysis which requires comparison between the rate of color development on standard spots and that on a test spot. This arrangement is particularly appropriate for analysis involving enzyme reaction inhibition such as exemplified by a cholesterol assay such as indicated hereinafter. The test plate is generally designated 10 and includes thereon a plurality of test spot areas A, B, C, D and E. Spots A, B, and C contain standards, as will appear hereinafter, representing normal, elevated and very high enzyme levels respectively. Spot D is a blank and spot E is for assay of the test specimen and contains all reagents. A reordering of spots can be appropriate as desired.
The test plate 10 consists of two slides, 14, 16 of appropriate dimensions and preferably are of high impact, opaque polystyrene sheets. The sheets or slides, as assembled, are fastened by corner eyelets 18 and plastic spring clamps 20 are used to cover the edges of the assembly. The spring clamps maintain effective seals between various of the components, such as the retaining rings and absorbent glass fibre discs on which required reagents are impregnated. The spot test format components and arrangement are shown in FIG. 3. Item 22 is a high-impact, circular polystyrene retaining ring of one-fourth inch diameter with a one-eighth inch hole in its center. This ring which may be made from clear plastic of 0.015 inch thickness is sealed to the upper side of an opaque, white, high-impact polystyrene slide 14 measuring 1 inches X 3 A inches. A 0.161 inch diameter hole 24 in the upper slide 14 is filled with two discs of glass fibre padding (Whatman GF/A glass fiber paper has been successfully used,) which are designated as Items 26 and 28. These absorbent discs are retained in the hole during preparation of the assembly by sealing membranes 30 such as microporous filters onto the bottom side of the upper slide. For assay of metabolites and substrates, materials such as Metricel P.E.M. (average pore diameter 0.0075 microns), Acropor AN and Ion Exchange Acropor, all marketed by the Gelman Instrument Company (Ann Arbor, Michigan), have been found useful and appropriate. Metricel PEM is used to concentrate protein molecules on the upper side of the barrier. Acropor AN, may be used to filter out blood platelets and cells. Acropor Ion-Exchange filters may be used to remove interfering anions and cations from contact with the dyes which are deposited on the upper surface ofa window 32. Another absorbent disc 34 is placed between the membrane 30 and the window 32. Its function is to assist in drawing liquid through the membrane 30, to serve as reaction volume, as do discs 26 and 28, and to distribute the reacting liquid mixture uniformly across the viewing window 32. The viewing window 32 may be utilized as the reservoir for indicator dyes and enzymes. These are deposited in solution and freeze-dried on its upper surface. When the liquid reaction mixture diffuses through the assembly associated with the upper slide, color is developed at the interface between Items 34 and 32. The bottom slide may be sealed to another ring 36 such as the upper retainer 22. The window, 32
may be either a clear impermeable plastic or a transparent film such as Nuclepore (General Electric Co.) sealed across the lower ring 36. By use of the permeable film, it has been found possible to avoid the formation of bubbles at the interface between members 34 and 32. Bubbles in this position may make color development uneven and difficult to accurately compare. The lower ring and the plactic spring edge binders and corner eyelets 18 serve to maintain the integrity of the liquid seal in all parts of each single spot assembly. The two plates are sealed together in a dry atmosphere 10 percent relative humidity) and stored in gas tight envelopes.
Another example of a test plate format which may be utilized where the rate of color development is not of concern, is shown in FIG. 4. This type of test plate is employed effectively for most determinations of metabolites and enzyme substrates. In such determinations complete conversion of the metabolite by enzymes is usually involved. The final color development is indicative of the progress of the substrate-limited process which has been employed as the basis for analysis. This embodiment includes a test plate 38 which is similar in size and construction materials to that in FIG. 38. However, only spot sites for the actual test F and blank G are required. The test spots are assembled as shown in FIG. 3. A color slide 40 which is calibrated in terms of metabolite concentrations corresponding to equilibrium development of color is operatively engaged with plate 30. The shaded portion 42 represents the colored section. It is graduated in terms of the chromogen utilized. For example, for analyses in which the nitro blue tetrazoleum is used, the color slide varies from white to dark blue. The read-out side 44 of the color slide is calibrated in terms of the concentration of the metabolite. For the uric acid determination indicated below brown colors corresponding to normal values (2-6 mg percent in serum) have been placed in the center of the slide. Darker brown colors (O-dianisidine is the chromogen in this determination) on the right hand side are indicative of uric acid concentrations above the normal range. Lighter browns on the left hand side of the slide correspond to the color developed by sub-normal uric acid levels. Serum concentrations which correspond to these levels have been indicated on the upper section of the color slide. A logarithmic scale has been utilized.
In practice, the determination is made as follows:
1. Liquid samples are placed on the bottom of the slide, (Item 22 in FIG. 1).
2. The slide is inverted as color development progresses.
3. At approximately 5 minutes after step I, the color on the test side is matched with that on the color slide by moving the slide until the best possible color match is achieved in the center of window 46.
The analysis is achieved by reading off the numerical value of the metabolite concentration opposite the index mark at the center of the window. The units of the concentrations are printed on the right hand end of the slide. Comparison of the color match at later reaction times may be used to confirm the analysis.
The test format shown in FIG. 6 is similar to that in FIG. 4. However, a rotating color wheel 48 has been employed in the place of the slide. Measurements are achieved by rotation of the wheel and read out on the inner numerical scale 50 opposite the index. In FIG. 6 the indicated items are as follows:
Item H is the site utilized for sample testing;
Item I is the blank;
Item 52 is the colored portion of the wheel 48 which varies from colorless (white) to a color corresponding to excessively high values of the assayed metabolite;
Item 54 is the window used to isolate a portion of the color wheel corresponding to a match with the test site, H;
Item 50 shows the scale calibrations in terms of metabolite concentrations; and
Index 56 indicates the metabolite concentration corresponding to the matched color.
Another form of the comparator may utilize a fixed color strip and calibration printed on the surface of the test plate. However, since the eye views all densities of the chromogen color simultaneously, the accuracy of the assay is decreased. Such a method is shown in FIG. 8.
In FIG. 8, the blank and test sites are shown at J and K. The color scale, 58, varies from colorless to excessively intense for the chromogen and assay of interest. Concentration scale 60 corresponds to the color levels on 58.
A number of examples are indicated below to show the application of these techniques.
EXAMPLE 1: BLOOD URIC ACID Variation of uric acid in the blood from the normal range of 2.0 to 5.0 mg percent accompanies a wide range of metabolic, blood, renal and liver diseases.
Analysis utilized the following method: In the presence of the enzyme uricase, uric acid is convertible to allantoin and hydrogen peroxide. The formation of hydrogen peroxide may be detected by the oxidation of a number of chromogens in the presence of peroxidase. Methods utilizing this technique have been examined by P. l-Ioworth, and J. Zilva, J. Clin. Path., 21, 192 (1968); G. Domagk and H. Schilicke, Anal. Biochem. 22, 219 (1968), and C. Nordschow, Anal. Biochem. 31, 6 (1969). schematically, the reactions involved are:
Uric Acid H O Allantoin H 0 CO H 0 O-dianisidine 2251222., brown pigment H where O-dianisidine is the chromogenic election donor. Dyes such as 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol may also be employed.
Procedures and reagents utilized to impregnate the absorbent glass fiber pads of the test and blank spot which are assembled in a configuration such as indicated in FIG. 3 are:
1. For use with whole blood samples, glass fiber pads 26, 28, were (a) washed with glacial acetic acid, (b) washed with glass distilled water, (c) dried, (d) saturated with 20 p. l of a solution of bovine serum albumin containing mg/ml and (e) dried under vacuum in a desiccator.
2. Glycine borate buffer: 5.0g glycine, 3.8 lg sodium tetraborate and 42mg disodium salt of ethylene diamine tetracetic acid were dissolved in 80 cc of water. The pH was adjusted to 8.50 by the addition of 2N hydrochloric acid. The solution was made up to 100 ml and used as the buffering solution.
3. Uricase: Worthington uricase powder was dissolved in 0.5 ml of [/10 diluted buffer so as to have approximately 1 IU/ml. Pads 26 and 28 were saturated with 20p.l and freeze-dried.
4. O-Dianisidine Hydrochloride-Peroxidase Mixture:
A solution containing 3.5 mg'of O-dianisidine hydrochloride (recrystallized) and 0.1 mg horseradish peroxidase in 2.5 ml was utilized to deposit the chromogen on the viewing surface 32. The solution also contained 3.0 mg/ml dextran (Dextran, Clinical, Nutrional Biochemicals Corp.). A volume of Sul was freeze-dried on the transparent Nuclepore membrane which was sealed to the ring 36.
In this analysis use of the GELMAN PEM filter as member 30 is appropriate. Readout utilizes the plate format shown in FIGS. 4, 6, or 8.
EXAMPLE 2: TESTOSTERONE AND ANDROSTERONE Low levels of the male sex hormones may be involved in or indicative of disorders such as adrenal insufficiency, hypogonadism, hypopituitarism, osteoporosis and refractory anemia. High levels may be indicative of adrenal hyperactivity or ovarian tumor. In the adult male, blood levels of testosterone are of the order of 0.5ug percent. Urine samples may also be used for assay.
Testosterone and androsterone may be determined by utilizing the same procedure but with different enzyme reagents. The determination of testosterone may be carried out with Worthington Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase (Code: STDI-I); androsterone requires Worthington Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase (mutant) (Code: STDHM), The method utilized depends upon the formation of reduced nicotinamideadenine dinucleotide (NAD.H) from the reaction of the hormone with the appropriate enzyme. The product NADH may be used to develop the color of nitro blue formazan from nitro blue tetrazoleum (NBT) utilizing N-methyl phenazonium methosulfact (PMS) as an electron carrier. schematically the method for testosterone consists of the following:
Hydroxysteroid I. Testosterone-l-NAD Dehydrogenase (Code STDH) NADH A -androstene-3, 17 -di0ne whereNAD is nicotinanide adenine dinucleotide.
2. NAD.I-I PMS-- NAD PMS.H PMS is N-methyl penazonium methosulfate.
3. PMS.H NBT" PMS Nitro blue formazan (dark blue) PMS.H is the reduced form of PMS.
The initial step has been described by H. Carstensen Nature 212, 1604-5 (1966). Detection of NADH by the reaction with PMS and nitro blue tetrazoleum has been described by these inventors in previous biochemical spot tests.
An indicated in Example 1, the glass fiber pads 26, 28 and 34 were pretreated with purified human serum albumin. After drying they were impregnated with 30p.l of the following solution made up in 0.03 molar pyrophosphate buffer (pH 8.8):
REAGENTS CONCENTRATIONS (mg/ml) Nicotinamide adenine 0.8-1.2
dinucleotide (NAD) 50-200 Talahay units REAGENTS Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase N-Methly phcnazonium metho sulfate Marcus. P l and Talahay. P.. J. Biol. Chem. 218. 66! (I956) The transparent layer 32 was impregnated with 5 l of:
REAGENTS CONCENTRATIONS (mg/ml) Nitro Blue tetrazoleum Dextran(Dextran, Clinical 200,000-300,000, Nutritional Biochemicals Corp.)
The plate format of FIGS. 5 and 6 are most appropriate. After addition of blood samples to the upper side of the test plate, the reaction is allowed to proceed for approximately 5 minutes at room temperature. Devel- EXAMPLE 3: GALACTOSE Galactosemia is a disorder of galactose metabolism which if untreated results in cirrhosis of the liver, blindness and mental retardation. It is caused by the absence of galactose-l-phosphate uridyl transferase, an occasional hereditary defect. Liver damage may also give rise to increased levels of galactose in the urine and blood. Under normal conditions, galactose is absorbed rapidly from the intestines and blood and urine levels are negligible. The assay may also be utilized to test carbohydrate metabolism following galactose inges-' tion.
The schematic procedure with blood samples which has been indicated by H. Roth, S. Segal and D. Bertoldi, Anal. Biochem., 10, 32 (1965) and .I. M. Sempere, C. Gancedo and C. Asensio, Anal. Biochem., 12, 509 (1965) is as follows:
1. D-galactose 02% D-galactohexodialdose +H O 2. H O-dianisidine brown pigment H O As indicated in Example 1, above, the glass fiber pads are coated with human serum albumin. The pads 26, 28, and 34, are impregnated with 30;}.1 of the following; reagent solution made up in 0.01M phosphate buffer (pH 7.0):
REAGENT CONCENTRATION (mg/ml) Galactose Oxidase Approximately 0.02
(Worthington, Code GAO) The pads were freeze-dried as indicated in the preceeding discussion.
The peroxidase-O-dianisidine reagent is freeze-dried on the window or transparent membrane 32 utilizing a volume of 5p.l. The indicator solution is comprised of the following reagents in 0.01 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.0):
REAGENT O-dianisidine (Recryslallized) Peroxidase (Worthington Peroxidase D, Code HPOD) Dextran (Dextran. Nutritional Biochemicals Corporation) CONCENTRATION (mg/ml) 02 approximately 0.l
Assembly and storage techniques are indicated above.
EXAMPLE 4: CHOLESTEROL Abnormal cholesterol levels in the blood may be used to indicate many disorders involving lipid metabolism. (Table 1 indicates a selection of such diseases). Normal values of serum cholesterol vary between 180-260 mg percent for women and -250 mg percent for men.
Rapid assay of serum cholesterol may be achieved utilizing the spot test format of this invention in conjunction with the relatively specific inhibition of the enzyme ,B-glucuronidase by cholesterol. This reaction has been studied by A. L. Tappel and C. J. Dillard, J. Biol. Chem. 242, 2463-69 (1967). The methods utilized involved measurement of the amount of phenolphthalein released during the hydrolysis of phenolphthalein glucuronide by B-glucuronidase.
1. Phenolpthalein glucuronide H phenolphthalein D-glucuronic acid 2. Phenolpthalein base pink-red color (anion) The cholesterol screening assay utilized the format indicated in FIG. 1. In its preparation, the absorbent glass fiber pads are treated with serum albumin as previously described. The two upper pads 26 and 28 are impregnated with 0.20p.l of an enzyme solution containing 2.0-6.0 mg of B-glucuronidase (Worthington,
Bovine Liver, Code GL) in 0.1M acetate buffer (pH 4.5). The upper assembly is then freeze-dried. The glass fiber pad below the membrane filter 30 is impregnated with a substrate solution containing 8mg/ml of phenolphthalein glucuronide (Sigma) in 0.1M acetate buffer. This pad is freeze-dried separately.
Two methods may be utilized for obtaining the anionic red color from the released phenolphthalein:
l. A transparent membrane 32 may be utilized which is moistened after an appropriate reaction interval (5-10 minutes) with a basic solution such a 0.2M glycine buffer (pH 10.4), or,
2. A thin layer of a precipitated base such as calcium carbonate containing 0.2 M sodium chloride and dextran (3 mg/ml) may be dried on the inside of the transparent nonporous surface of the viewing window.
(10 mg/ml) at the start of the assay. The blank site, Site D contains no substrate, phenolphthalein glucuronide. A blood sample is placed on both Sites D and E for analysis.
This screening system develops higher levels of color for low levels of cholesterol. Since an excess of the substrate and enzyme are present, the rate of development of the color must be compared in order to estimate the assay. Thus, at and minutes after the start of the test, the pink red color of the test site should be compared with the standards. Eventually the three standards and the test site will show the same color development.
Other metabolites and substrates which may be determined utilizing similar procedures modified to accomodate spot techniques are: acetone, albumin, ascorbic acid, bilirubin, carotene, creatinine, creatine, glucose, pyruvic acid, urea nitrogen, porphyrin, cystine, hippuric acid, lactic acid, lactose, melanin, and pentose.
Manifestily minor changes and minor variations can be effected without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in and limited solely by the appended claims.
We claim:
1. in a system for quantitating metabolite and enzyme substrate concentrations in body fluids such as whole blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid and the like:
A. a support;
B. means constituting a plurality of separate restricted test zone areas in a rigid array mounted on said support;
C. at least one of said areas including as a stacked array a plurality of superposed test reagent impregnated members in a rigidly confined column which is adapted for placement of a fluid test media thereon, said stacked array including in descending sequence:
i. a porous upper glass fiber disc;
ii. a porous lower glass fiber disc;
iii. a membrane filter disc;
iv. a porous glass fiber filter disc; and v. a transparent membrane;
D. said upperand lower glass fiber discs constituting filters to remove amorphous matter including white blood cells and to partially remove red-blood cells to prevent such matter from subsequently clogging pores of said membrane filter disc;
E. said upper and lower glass fiber discs constituting dried reagent storage reservoirs for elution therefrom by clear filtrate passing therethrough;
F. said membrane filter disc constituting a unit for removal of red blood cells, platelets, soluble proteins and remaining particles from a test specimen;
G. said upper and lower porous glass fiber discs and said porous glass fiber filter disc constituting fluid volume control units and said porous glass fiber filter disc additionally functioning to assist in drawing liquid through said membrane filter disc and to distribute reacting liquid consisting of the eluted filtrate and reagents across said transparent membrane which constitutes a viewing window;
H. said support including:
i. upper and lower slides; ii. said slides mounting therebetween said stacked array; and
iii. means securing said slides together in fixed relationship.
2. In a system for quantitating metabolite and enzyme substrate concentrations in body fluids such as whole blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid and the like:
A. a support;
B. means constituting a plurality of separate restricted test zone areas in a rigid array mounted on said support;
C. at least one of said areas including as a stacked array a plurality of superposed test reagent impregnated members in a rigidly confined column which is adapted for placement of a fluid test media thereon, said stacked array including in descending sequence:
i. a porous upper glass fiber disc; ii. a porous lower glass fiber disc; iii. a membrane filter disc;
iv. a porous glass fiber filter disc; and v. a transparent membrane;
D. said upper and lower glass fiber discs constituting filters to remove amorphous matter including white blood cells and to partially remove red blood cells to prevent such matter from subsequently clogging pores of said membrane filter disc;
E. said upper and lower glass fiber discs constituting dried reagent storage reservoirs for elution therefrom by clear filtrate passing therethrough;
F. said membrane filter disc constituting a unit for removal of red blood cells, platelets, soluble proteins and remaining particles from a test specimen;
G. said upper and lower porous glass fiber discs and said porous glass fiber filter disc constituting fluid volume control units and said porous glass fiber filter disc additionally functioning to assist in drawing liquid through said membrane filter disc and to distribute reacting liquid consisting of the eluted filtrate and reagents across said transparent membrane which constitutes a viewing window;
H. said support including:
i. upper and lower slides;
ii. a top retaining ring mounted on the top of said upper slide;
iii. a lower retaining ring mounted on the top of said lower slide;
iv. the stacked array mounted between said upper and lower retaining rings;
v. means securing together corners of said slides;
vi. spring clamps operatively engaged over and covering the edges of said slides for maintaining effective contact among the members constituting the stacked array confined between said retaining rings.
3. In a system as claimed in claim 2, calibrated and shaded color test comparison means associated with the rigid array for visual comparison with color developed in a test zone area.
4. In a system as claimed in claim 3, said comparison means including a movable color shaded slide and a coacting calibrated scale.
5. In a system as claimed in claim 3, said comparison means including a revolvable color shaded disc and a coacting calibrated scale.
6. in a system as claimed in claim 3, said comparison means including a fixed color shaded strip and a coacting calibrated scale.
7. In a system as claimed in claim 2, said upper and lower glass fiber discs impregnated with a blood uric acid test composition comprising dry bovine serum albumin, glycine-borate buffer, uricase and the upper surface of the transparent membrane having thereon a dry deposit of O-Dianisidine Hydrochloride-Peroxidase mixture and dextran.
8. In a system as claimed in claim 2, said upper and lower glass fiber discs and said porous glass fiber filter disc impregnated with a testosterone and androsterone test composition comprising dry human serum albumin, Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide Hydroxysteriod Dehydrogenase, N-methyl phenazonium metho sulfate and the upper surface of the transparent membrane having thereon a dry deposit of a solution of Nitro Blue tetrazolium and dextran.
9. In a system as claimed in claim 2, said discs impregnated with a galactose test composition comprising dry human serum albumin and Galactose oxidase, and a dry deposit of a solution of O-dianisidine, Peroxidase and Dextran on the upper surface of the transparent membrane.
10. In a system as claimed in claim 2, said discs for cholesterol screening including on the upper and lower glass fiber discs dry serum albumin, a dry deposit of an enzyme solution containing B-glucuronidase in acetate buffer, and the porous glass fiber filter disc being impregnated with a dry deposit of a substrate solution containing phenolphthalein glucuronide in acetate buffer and the upper surface of the transparent membrane having thereon a precipitated base reactible to obtain anionic red color from released phenolphthal- 11. In a system as claimed in claim 2, said glass fiber filter disc having a freeze dried deposit of a first selected reagent thereon and said upper and lower glass fiber discs each having a freeze dried deposit of a second selected reagent required for a given test impregnated thereon.
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Eggless coconut macaroons
* Sweetened coconut flakes - 4 cups
* Condensed milk - 3/4 cup
* Baking soda - 1/4 tsp
* Sour cream - 1 tbsp
* Vanilla extract - 1 tsp
* Chocolate syrup - 1 tbsp (optional)
Combine condensed milk, baking soda, sour cream and vanilla extract in a large bowl. Add coconut flakes gradually and mix all the ingredients that they are evenly mixed.
Preheat the oven to 325 deg F. Scoop the macaroons in a baking sheet giving enough space.
Now place the sheet into the oven and bake for about 15 minutes. The bottoms of the macaroons should be little dark brown. After it cools down, if using chocolate syrup drizzle on macaroons.
Tuesday, February 28, 2012 - 3:23pm

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Jay-Z - Page 5
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There's a lot going on with Justin Timberlake.
The singer, who successfully resurrected his music career after ditching it for films for a half-decade, will drop his next single from the best-selling 'The 20/20 Experience' in the form of 'Tunnel Vision.' JT co-wrote 'Tunnel Vision' with Jerome 'J-Roc' Harmon, and you can see the sexy single artwork to the left.
Beyonce Is Not Pregnant, According to Husband Jay-Z
Does that look like the belly or the body of a pregnant woman?
Newly Discovered Photos Suggests Jay-Z Might Be a Time Traveller
Jay-Z, or Shawn Carter to his family and friends, is a 17-time Grammy winning recording artist, a businessman with an almost $500 million net worth and the husband of Beyonce.
And, if that wasn't enough, Jay-Z has the ability to travel through time.
Beyonce Isn't Pregnant Again Yet, But Jay-Z Will Probably Be Stoked When She Is
Jay-Z Takes a Dig at Taylor Swift in '100$ Bill'
The Taylor Swift-Kanye West beef just won't die. Not only does Swift keep a framed photo of the infamous 2009 MTV Video Music Awards incident in her house, but fellow stars can't seem to shut up about it four years later.
Case in point: West's BFF, Jay-Z. Jigga references the incident once more in his track for 'The Great Gatsby' soundtrack, '100$ Bill.'
Barack Obama References Jay-Z + Taylor Swift in White House Correspondents Dinner Speech
The annual White House Correspondents Dinner offers an opportunity for comedy's best and brightest to roast our nation's most powerful politicians with their targets in the room -- and gives those same political leaders a chance to demonstrate their own sense of humor. On Saturday (April 27), Conan O'Brien got most of the laughs as the 2013 dinner's emcee, but President Obama got in a few solid quips of his own.


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Stephen Baxter Remembers Sir Terry Pratchett
March 17th, 2015
Even in failing health, the author was brimful of ideas for new books, writes his Long Earth collaborator, Stephen Baxter Terry Pratchett and I started work on our science fiction series, The Long Earth, in the spring of 2010. It came out of a dinner-party conversation. We'd known each other for nearly 20 years, and [...]
The Long Utopia
March 10th, 2015
These special early proof copies of The Long Utopia have just arrived in the office. The fourth in Stephen Baxter and Terry Pratchett's Long Earth trilogy will be out in hardback on June 18th. 2045-2059. After the cataclysmic upheavals of Step Day and the Yellowstone eruption humanity is spreading further into the Long Earth, [...]
Cover Reveal: The Long Utopia
February 16th, 2015
We're absolutely thrilled to reveal the cover for the next book in Terry Pratchett's and Stephen Baxter's Long Earth series. The Long Utopia hits the shelves in the UK on 18th June 2015! Find out more: http://bit.ly/LongUtopia
Watch the launch for The Long Earth in Trafalgar Square
June 25th, 2012
Now you can watch the footage from our launch event for The Long Earth last week, which began with a giant game of keepy-uppy in Trafalgar Square, London…
Watch the animation for Willis Linsay's original 'Stepper' from The Long Earth
June 21st, 2012
Watch an animated version of the plan for Willis Linsay's original 'Stepper' as anonymously posted online…
The Long Earth – jacket revealed
January 24th, 2012
The (95% completed) cover artwork for the upcoming novel The Long Earth by Terry Pratchett and Stephen Baxter has been revealed…


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Photograph - Portrait of a Man & Woman in a Garden, England, circa 1928 Reg. No: MM 113803
- Summary:
- One of ninety three images from a photograph album brought to Australia by Archibald Gordon Maclaurin when he migrated in 1928. It includes early photos of his pre-migration trips to France, as well as photos he added once in Australia, including photos sent to him by family in England, and images from his migration journey.
- Description:
- Black and white silver gelatin photograph.
- Description Of Content:
- Portrait of a man and woman in a garden. The woman is seated in a chair. Plants and a lattice fence are shown in the background.
- Acquisition Information:
- Donation from Mrs Jocelyn Maclaurin, 2004
- Acknowledgement:
- Source: Museum Victoria
|89 mm (Height), 63 mm (Width)
More information
|Tagged with:
|families, immigration, yards, chairs, portraits, gardens, homes, photography, fences, plants, trees, domestic environment, lawns, british immigration, people, brought goods
|Themes this item is part of:
|Archibald Gordon Maclaurin, English Migrant, 1928, Domestic & Community Life Collection, Migration Collection, Transport Collection, Working Life & Trades Collection
|Primary Classification:
|Secondary Classification:
|Male & Female - Duos
|Tertiary Classification:
|Photograph: Black & White
|Place & Date Depicted:
|England, Great Britain, circa 1928
|Archibald Maclaurin, circa 1920s-1930s
Of Album
|Archibald Maclaurin, Essendon, Victoria, Australia, 1928-1967
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YIELD: Serves 6
Prepare grill.
In a metal measure heat oil over low heat until warm. (Heating thins oil, making it easier to thinly coat zucchini.) In a bowl drizzle oil over zucchini, tossing to coat, and season with salt and pepper. Grill zucchini, in batches if necessary, on a lightly oiled rack set 5 to 6 inches over glowing coals 2 to 4 minutes on each side, or until lightly charred and just tender.
Serve zucchini warm or at room temperature.
Each serving about 28.8 calories and 1.7 grams fat (53% of calories from fat)
Nutritional analysis provided by Other


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The charity said it received a 'flurry' of reports overnight relating to at least half a dozen Twitter accounts which were later disabled.
According to the Guardian, the accounts will now be probed in the US, where the micro-blogging site is based.
The charity group said that the hackers apparently opened up a number of private accounts, which were previously kept hidden from public view
It remains unclear whether any of the images were uploaded by a British user or a user based abroad, the paper said.


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Keep up to date with the latest events from The Royal Collection
Saturday, 26 July 2014 to Sunday, 28 September 2014
From well-loved toys and treasured family gifts to tiny childhood outfits, a special exhibition at Buckingham Palace will give an unprecedented glimpse into life as a young member of the royal family growing up at Buckingham Palace. ... Read more about Royal Childhood
Saturday, 27 July 2013 to Sunday, 29 September 2013
This summer marks the 60th anniversary of one of the most momentous occasions in 20th-century British history – the Coronation of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II. To mark the anniversary of the event, a major exhibition for the Summer Opening of ... Read more about The Queen's Coronation 1953
Saturday, 30 June 2012 to Sunday, 7 October 2012
Diamond, the hardest natural material known, carries associations of endurance and longevity. These qualities, allied to the purity, magnificence and value of the stones, have for centuries led rulers to deploy diamonds in regalia, jewellery and ... Read more about Diamonds: A Jubilee Celebration
Saturday, 23 July 2011 to Monday, 3 October 2011
Over 100 masterpieces by Peter Carl Fabergé, the greatest Russian jeweller and goldsmith of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, will go on display in a special exhibition at the Summer Opening of Buckingham Palace. Royal Fabergé explores how six ... Read more about Royal Fabergé
The Duchess of Cambridge's wedding dress takes centre-stage in the Ballroom at Buckingham Palace during the annual Summer Opening. ... Read more about The Royal Wedding Dress: A Story of Great British Design
Tuesday, 27 July 2010 to Friday, 1 October 2010
This exhibition brings together examples of Her Majesty's ceremonial dress with day and evening wear to reflect the full range of events in the royal diary. ... Read more about The Queen's Year
Sunday, 26 July 2009 to Wednesday, 30 September 2009
This exhibition brings together twenty-seven dresses worn by Her Majesty on Commonwealth tours over the past six decades, including evening gowns and daywear by the royal couturiers Norman Hartnell, Hardy Amies and Ian Thomas. It includes over 100 ... Read more about Queen & Commonwealth: The Royal Tour
Tuesday, 29 July 2008 to Monday, 29 September 2008
For the first time ever and for this summer only, visitors to Buckingham Palace will experience the spectacle of the Ballroom set up for a State Banquet. Held in honour of a visiting Head of State, the State Banquet is the occasion when The Queen ... Read more about A State Banquet at Buckingham Palace
Saturday, 28 July 2007 to Friday, 28 September 2007
This exhibition marks the Diamond Wedding Anniversary of The Queen and Prince Philip and looks back to 20 November 1947, when the nation rejoiced in the happiness of the future Queen and her consort. Against the austerity of post-War Britain, with ... Read more about A Royal Wedding, 20 November 1947
Wednesday, 26 July 2006 to Sunday, 24 September 2006
This exhibtion showcases 80 of The Queen's magnificent evening gowns, as well as items of her private jewellery and a choice selection of photographic portraits, in a special display for the Summer Opening of Buckingham Palace to celebrate her 80th ... Read more about Dress for the Occasion
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Book Search
The Practices of Happiness
Political Economy, Religion and Wellbeing
Series: Routledge Frontiers of Political Economy
A PDF version of this book is available for free in open access via www.tandfebooks.com as well as the OAPEN Library platform, www.oapen.org. It has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 3.0 license and is part of the OAPEN-UK research project. There...
Published November 11th 2013 by Routledge
Her Own Life
Autobiographical Writings by Seventeenth-Century Englishwomen
During a period when writing was often the only form of self-expression for women, Her Own Life contains extracts from the autobiographical texts of twelve seventeenth-century women addressing a wide range of issues central to their lives....
Published October 5th 1989 by Routledge


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Team Logo Reversible Tote - MLS
Show off your team's colors, inside and out.
A great way to represent your team spirit.
Functional and stylish, this universal tote is made of 100% cotton and measures 19" x 14". It is reversible with logos inside and out. The reverse color combination is the primary team color with a single primary team logo on both sides and the secondary team logo with repeating logo design.
Team Logo Reversible Tote - MLS
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1870 $5
1995 ANA Sale #139
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|Aug 18, 1995
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|Anaheim, CA
Extremely Rare 1870 Proof Half Eagle--One of Only Two Certified1870 PR 63 PCGS. A very rare date in the long Coronet series, and one that can certainly be considered underrated. Only 35 proofs were originally produced, and while Akers gives no range for the numbers of survivors, Breen estimates that approximately a dozen survive today. We believe they may be even scarcer than that, and we quote Akers conclusion about this date, "...very rare and for some unknown reason (they) have appeared at auction less often than similar or lower mintage proofs of many other dates." When one turns to the certification services, their data further reinforces this belief as only one other coin has been certified (a PR 64) by PCGS, and NGC has not graded any as either non-cameo or cameo proof.
This is a deeply mirrored proof that meets the diagnostics as set out in Breen's Encyclopedia, that is, the date is high and slants down to the right. Moderately hairlined, the surfaces show a hazy film around the devices which helps subdue the effects of the old cleaning. There is a mark in the left obverse field, a scrape actually, that extends from just beneath the nose of Liberty to between stars 3 and 4. A few dark specks are noted above the eagle's head on the reverse, probably the remnant of an old fingerprint. An exceptionally rare proof striking and sure to be of interest to many advanced collectors. (NGC ID# 28C7, PCGS# 8465)
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When it comes to pores, we live by one rule: the smaller, the better. But truth be told, shrinking our enlarged pores seemed like an impossible task until we found these targeted sheet masks. They hydrate skin while reducing pore size (especially in the T-zone area). We like to use them in lieu of pricey professional facials. Each package contains three individually sealed masks.
This product is a definite!! For me anyway, I have a lot of problems on my face. This helped me make my pores look smaller than normal. Which in comparison I thought I was going to have my face sanded like my dad did because of his scares & pores. Me not now!! Thanks to this product!!5
After reading other such glowing reviews (including Martha Stewart, apparently a daily user) I was really excited to use this product!
I don't know that I've had the miraculous transformation that others have described here, but it certainly was good for a Self-Care Saturday.
Skin feels nice and soft afterwards
General pampering feeling
Mask is difficult to unfold/apply correctly
Eye/nose/mouth holes are in a strange proportion
Mask felt slimy and did not stay in place well
Liquid afterwards was difficult to massage in
Bottom line: I'll use up the rest of the packets, but I don't know that it'll be a re-purchase.
I get together with running buddies and do out of town runs a few times a year. And I took these along on a recent run trip and shared during a fun night in with the girls. Perfect skin prep for the next mornings race, we all commented at breakfast how nice are faces felt and the silly pics/memories were a bonus!!4


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Winter!: Prepare for holiday gaming!
This game is as enjoyable as it is brutal, which is to say, it's very fun. Single player is satisfying, if a bit short, an multiplayer is excellent. There are a ridiculous amount of combinations of character customization options for your Space Marine and Chaos Marine in Multiplayer, and the engine that they use for multiplayer runs very well.
Game Traits applied to Warhammer 40,000: Space Marine (X360) by BurntToShreds
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Apache OpenOffice Templates
The official catalog of Apache OpenOffice templates. You'll find templates ranging from letters and résumés to calendars and brochures. Templates can save your time, and are easy to use.
Apache OpenOffice Templates Web Site
- The most popular Apache OpenOffice templates including:
- Basic Resume
- Calendar
- Business card
- Basic Invoice
- And many more
Reviews (18)Write a Review
Highest Rated
thank you! This is must-have set of templates.
Lowest Rated
Multiple downloads failed, nary a diagnostic how or why.
Multiple downloads failed, nary a diagnostic how or why.
I find this Template, very good and easy to use. Could any body please tell me if there such a thing as a template for a school leaver, something that would give all the reverent information to any new employers, but would also stand out from the crowd ?
Is there a Tutorial for this template?
Nice project !
very good project, thanks!


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Mother of 6 Kim Zolciak Shows Off Her Fit Body
Watch Miley Cyrus Fall Down on Stage Wearing a Fake Butt
Caitlyn Jenner Shows Off Her Tomboy Side
Caitlyn Jenner Shares Magnificent Father's Day Photo
You Won't Believe How Brad and Angie Travel
Selena's Scandalous Selfie Sparks Drama
Hollywood's Weirdest Couple Is Staying Strong
12 Fascinating Transgender Celebrities
Controversial "Genius" Pill Billionaires Use
Did You know These Stars Were Born Rich?
Is Meri Brown Quitting Sister Wives and Leaving Kody Brown?
Kylie Jenner Says She Has To Act Fake For The Kardashian Image
Bruce Jenner's Name To Be Updated To Caitlyn In US Olympics Hall Of Fame?
Jennifer Love Hewitt's Baby Boy's Name Will Surprise You
Taylor Swift's Girl Gang Didn't Disappoint
Kim Kardashian and Kanye West Having a Baby Boy!
Duchess Kate's Huge Allowance is Mind Blowing
12 Celebrities Who Are Kind of Gross
Celebrities You Didn't Know Share Exactly the Same Face
Halle Berry Can't Keep it Together: The Latest Drama Unveiled
The Science of Willow & Jaden Smith
Michael Jackson's Daughter Paris Reveals Her Boyfriend
Emma Watson's Intentional "Side Boob"
Weighing in on 8 Celebrities Weight
Inside The Lavish World of 1 Year Old North West
8 Celebrities Leaving Their Offices After A Hard Day At Work
Rob Kardashian Has Finally Resurfaced!
Ariana Grande's Insane Diva Demands Revealed
Watch Ellen Shut Down Bethenny Frankel's Ignorant Comments
The Adorable Children of Reality TV Stars


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Sports can be a hot topic of conversation at any time of the year.
It seems that mid February brings that opportunity more than any other because all of the crossover that athletic events have.
You can talk about baseball because that season starts locally this weekend for Mississippi State and various high schools.
Mississippi State head coach Rick Ray was glad his team made it through last week.
It wasn't easy for the Bulldogs after two games against some of the top competition in the Southeastern Conference.
JACKSON – ÂStarkville Academy completed the triple sweep of Heritage Academy on Tuesday.
For the third time in as many weeks, the Volunteers and Patriots met on the hardwood, and for the third time Starkville Academy walked away victorious 56-41.
CANTON – Starkville High School's boys basketball team was trying to extend its season as long as it could Tuesday night.
The Yellowjackets knew that a loss would be the end of the campaign and they were not ready for that to happen, so they fought through two overtimes.
Even though Starkville took the game into the extra frames, it still came up short to Canton 60-59.
MADISON – The East Webster Wolverines moved one step closer to a division title as they knocked off Ackerman 59-53 on Tuesday.
Though his team picked up the victory, East Webster coach Corey Stidham knows it has to play better heading down the stretch if it wants to advance towards a state championship.
Tim Goliday had the experience of winning not only one State football championship with the Starkville Yellowjackets, but two in 1994 and 1995.
Fast forward 17 years later and Goliday gets to share in another State championship with his son TeQuan.
This season has been anything than consistent for Rick Ray and Mississippi State basketball team.
The Bulldogs (7-15, 2-8) have been hit with injuries, suspensions and at times that has caused them to have only six scholarship players.
CANTON, Miss – First round playoffs are over for the Starkville Lady Yellowjackets.
After fighting hard the whole game, the Lady Jackets return to Starkville with a victory over Yazoo City.
"It was a close game," Starkville coach Kristie Williams said. "It was a battle the entire game."
The Starkville Yellowjackets are taking momentum to Canton today for the Class 5A, Region 3 Tournameht.
Winners of four-straight games, the Jackets believe they are playing their best basketball of the season.
It's a formula that has worked before.
As the Starkville Academy Lady Volunteers enter the postseason, they are looking to duplicate the championship run they made last year.
The first step of that journey comes today in the first round of AAA, Division II playoffs. The opponent is Lee Academy.
The Lady Vols don't plan to take any game for granted.


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Deep in the mountains of Lesotho as day breaks, Me' MaTumo rises from her sleep cot that she shares with two of her grandchildren. Three other grandchildren sleep on mats next to ...
Read More
We are looking for someone to "do life" with the women in the Freedom House, as well as oversee the daily operations of the house. You will be the bridge between the daily life of the ladies in the Freedom House and the supervisors, who are unable to spend every day there. You will spend your days facilitating their schedule, teaching classes, tutoring their children, babysitting their children, helping them make plans for life after the Freedom House program, leading Bible studies, encouraging them, menu planning, shopping, and basically doing whatever it takes to provide the best care for these ladies and their kids.Dates: 06/01/2015 - 09/03/2015Volunteers Needed: 1-2 femalesCost: $1334 + airfareFind Out More
SERVE ANY 10 DAYS! We need a group of students to accompany our Mongolian partners to areas where we conducted an animal restocking project. These students would work alongside the nomads, share their faith, and lead discipleship lessons and worship services in the homes of nomads.Dates: 08/10/2015 - 08/30/2015Volunteers Needed: 4Cost: $1100 + airfareFind Out More
OneLife is an initiative committed to Jesus Christ and His global mission. OneLife advocates use their time, money, energy, skills, education, career, influence, and every resource to share Christ and serve those in spiritual and physical need. OneLife gives missions a name, a face and a place.
firstname.lastname@example.com // P.O. Box 6767 ATTN: OneLife Richmond, VA 23230


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The median home value in Lithopolis, OH is $169,600.
This is
higher than
the county median home value of $143,200.
The national median home value is $170,100.
The average price of homes sold in Lithopolis, OH is $169,600.
Approximately 78.13% of Lithopolis homes are owned,
compared to 14.5% rented, while
7.37% are vacant.
Lithopolis real estate listings include condos, townhomes, and single family homes for sale.
Commercial properties are also available.
If you see a property you're interested in, contact a Lithopolis real estate agent to arrange a tour today!
Learn more about Lithopolis Real Estate.
This 1.67 acre lot sits on a quiet street in Lithopolis which is in Bloom Township and goes to Bloom Carroll schools. Outside the hustle and bustle, but close access to major road ways to Canal Winchester, Downtown Columbus, Lancaster and more. This would be a perfect retreat after a long work day.
19,056 SF +/- church property on 6.16 acres of land for sale in Lithopolis, Ohio. Current home to Crossroads Christian Life Center, who has outgrown the facility and are looking to expand. Lithopolis is in Fairfield County and is a very short distance from the Gender Road Exit off U.S. Route 33 just southeast of the City of Columbus. Property features a sanctuary that will easily seat 300, as well as office, meeting and activity areas that could easily be used by other non-church groups. Features lots of kid friendly space and classrooms. A second large auditorium accommodates youth activities and performances. Ample on-site parking. Excellent condition. Potential for rezoning for conversion to other uses might include school, assisted living, nursing home, corporate headquarters etc.
Need space? This Gorgeous 5-Level Split has it all! Open Contemporary Floorplan offers a spacious 2 Story Great room with a wall of windows and a true Woodburning Fireplace. Kitchen has plenty of upgraded cabinets & counterspace. Built in Gas range & Double Oven for the Chef in the family. Has both a Formal Dining Area and Dinette area, which opens to the Deck overlooking oversized Wooded Backyard. Master Suite is Enormous and boasts a Private Bath w/ Walk in-Shower, Garden Tub & Double Sink w/ built in vanity area, plus fabulous Walk-in Closet. Upstairs has 3 beds & 2 FULL Baths plus a Large Loft. Keep the toys out of the Bedrooms, go up another level & you have a Bonus Room, perfect for Play Room or Office. Lower level is finished and wired for Surround. 3 Car Garage & BC Schools!
BUYER'S FINANCING FEEL THROUGH!!! BACK ON THE MARKET!!! Wow! This lovely home has an in-law suite or guest suite in the walkout basement. This fully finished lower level has full kitchen, living room with fireplace, 3rd full bath & a 5th bedroom. The first floor features eat in kitchen, center island with 2nd sink, dining room family room with 2nd gas log fireplace, 1st floor laundry & living room or study. The spacious kitchen has 2 large corner pantries and 2 sinks. The upstairs has a bridge that overlooks the entrance, 3 large bedrooms plus a HUGE master Bedroom and a large loft area. This home is perfect for the family who wants lots of space. YOU WON'T BE DISAPPOINTED!
A move in ready worry free kitchen with stainless steel appliances and granite countertops. off the kitchen is a lovely deck for those who enjoy the outdoors or relaxing by the fireplace in the family room. The home also has a finished basement and second floor laundry and one bedroom is located on the first floor
Real Living Ron Neff Real Estate
153 South Paint Street
Chillicothe, OH 45601
Email Us | Visit our Real Estate Website


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Happy birthday America! Now let's check out last night on the farm:
Las Vegas 9, Sale Lake 8
Logan Verrett got knocked around a bit for 6 runs on 11 hits over 5 innings, but the bullpen was good, allowing the 51s to come back and Buddy Carlyle hung on for the save. Wilmer Flores hit a 3-run homer in the 1st inning. Brandon Allen also homered. Matt Reynolds was 2 for 3 with a double, RBI, and walk. Andrew Brown and Matt den Dekker both had an outfield assist.
Binghamton 6, New Britain 4
Tyler Pill scattered 4 runs and 9 hits across 6.1 innings, while striking out 7 and walking 1. Chase Huchingson got the win after 1.2 scoreless innings and Cody Satterwhite got his 6th save with a scoreless 9th. Brian Burgamy was 4 for 5 with a triple and homer. Kyle Johnson hit 2 solo homers and Dilson Herrera homered as well. Brandon Nimmo was 1 for 3 with a walk.
St. Lucie 7, Charlotte 4
Luis Cessa had a nice outing, allowing 2 unearned runs on 6 hits over 6 innings, although he walked 4 and struck out 2. Paul Sewald threw 2 scoreless innings to get the save. Jeff McNeil was 3 for 4 with a double. Phillip Evans, L.J. Mazzilli, and Aderlin Rodriguez all had 2 hits, while Gavin Cecchini hit a grand slam.
Savannah 10, Charleston 5
Alex Panteliodis had a nice outing, allowing 1 unearned run over 7 innings, striking out 4. Cole Frenzel had 3 hits and 2 RBI's. Champ Stuart, Dominic Smith, Colton Plaia, and Jonathan Johnson all had 2 hits. Smith doubled and drove in a run while Johnson doubled and drove in 4 runs.
Greeneville 12, Kingsport 6
Gaby Almonte started and let up 5 runs (2 earned) in 5 innings, while Ramon Estevez gave up another 5 runs in 2.1 innings. Luis Guillorme was 4 for 5 with a walk. Jean Rodriguez was 3 for 5 with 2 doubles. Eudor Garcia, Pedro Perez, and Vicente Lupo all had 2 hits. Ivan Wilson struck out 4 times, but also hit his 3rd homer of the season.
GCL Mets 4, GCL Marlins 1
Logan Taylor allowed 1 run on 5 hits over 5 innings to get the win after 3 different relievers combined for 4 shutout innings. John Mora was 2 for 4; he's hitting .433 early in the season. Dash Winningham hit his 2nd homer of the season. Milton Ramos was 1 for 4 with an RBI.


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Magic Tricks
Magic Tricks is the best application to learn magic tricks, as well as show you the trick reveals how. We will teach you how to do magic tricks with cards, coins and other just with your hands. Thanks to this application you can learn magic tricks and amaze your friends, or flirting. Note that...


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Potato Cases With Shiitake And Morel Filling
|Baking potatoes
|80 Ounce (About 5 Inches Long And 2 Inches Wide, 8 In Number 10 Ounce Each)
|Dried morels
|1⁄2 Ounce
|Unsalted butter
|2 Tablespoon, melted, preferably clarified
|Extra virgin olive oil
|3 Tablespoon
|3 Clove (15 gm), sliced
|Shiitake mushrooms
|3⁄4 Pound, stemmed, caps cut crosswise into slices and then halved
|Dry white wine
|1⁄4 Cup (4 tbs)
|Chicken stock
|1⁄4 Cup (4 tbs) (Or Canned Broth)
|Heavy cream
|1⁄3 Cup (5.33 tbs)
|Fresh lemon juice
|1 Teaspoon
|1⁄2 Teaspoon
|Freshly ground pepper
|1⁄8 Teaspoon
|Minced parsley
|1 Tablespoon
1. With a paring knife, trim the potatoes to make straight-sided rectangular boxes (3 by 1 1/2 by 1 1/2 inches). Holding a paring knife vertically, cut completely around the inside of the potato box, leaving a shell 1/8 to 1/4 inch thick. Insert the paring knife horizontally 1/8 to 1/4 inch from the bottom of the box. Without enlarging the cut, work the knife back and forth in a swiveling motion to loosen the inside piece. If necessary, insert the paring knife in several different spots. Keep the potato cases submerged in cool water while you make the filling.
2. Preheat the oven to 450°. Soak the morels in 2 cups of hot water until softened, about 10 minutes. Remove the morels, squeezing gently. Strain the soaking liquid through a double layer of dampened cheesecloth into a small saucepan. Rinse the morels and trim. Chop coarsely and add to the saucepan. Boil gently until the liquid is completely absorbed, about 20 minutes. Set aside.
3. Meanwhile, pat the potato cases dry and brush completely with the butter. Place on a baking sheet and bake for 20 minutes, or until golden brown, turning the cases on a different side every 5 minutes.
4. In a large skillet, heat the oil. Add the garlic and cook over moderately high heat until light golden, about 1 minute. Add the morels and the shiitakes. Cook, stirring, until the shiitakes are softened, about 2 minutes.
5. Add the wine and stock and cook over moderately high heat until the liquid is slightly reduced, about 1 minute. Stir in the cream and boil until thickened, about 2 minutes. Add the lemon juice, salt and pepper. Keep warm.
6. To serve, season the potato cases lightly with salt. Stir the parsley into the filling. (If the filling is too thick, stir in 1 to 2 tablespoons additional cream, stock or water.) Place 2 potato cases on each serving plate. Spoon filling into each potato and serve.


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Here at Army Surplus World we carry an Emergency Survival Kit. The Emergency Survival Kit has all the essentials needed to carry with you while camping, or even to have in your car. The Emergency Survival Kit includes a built in mirror, attached carabiner, pencil, waterproof paper, matches, flint striker, tea-light candle, survival whistle with belt clip, pocket knife/multi-tool, fishing kit, 2 - safety pins, 40' of nylon twine, 6' snare wire, 2 - cotton balls, 1 meter duct tape, wire saw, compass, and a resealable poly-bag. Although the Emergency Survival Kit is constructed of hard plastic, it only weighs a mere 2 pounds, making it ideal to carry. Order your Emergency Survival Kit from Army Surplus World today.
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In Mexico the cow stomach concoction is called menudo and is made with garlic and onion.
Hell, even Gene the cow would be a hoof-in for a nomination if there were an Outstanding Animal Performance category.
He hated cows, and declared in absolute seriousness "The cow must go!"
Old English cu "cow," from Proto-Germanic *kwon (cf. Old Frisian ku, Middle Dutch coe, Dutch koe, Old High German kuo, German Kuh, Old Norse kyr, Danish, Swedish ko), earlier *kwom, from PIE *gwous (cf. Sanskrit gaus, Greek bous, Latin bov-, Old Irish bo, Latvian guovs, Armenian gaus "cow," Slovak hovado "ox"), perhaps ultimately imitative of lowing (cf. Sumerian gu, Chinese ngu, ngo "ox"). In Germanic and Celtic, of females only; in most other languages, of either gender. Other "cow" words sometimes are from roots meaning "horn, horned," e.g. Lithuanian karve, Old Church Slavonic krava.
"intimidate," c.1600, probably from Old Norse kuga "oppress," of unknown origin, but perhaps having something to do with cow (n.) on the notion of easily herded. Related: Cowed; cowing.
Related Terms
A cow and her calf were not to be killed on the same day (Lev. 22:28; Ex. 23:19; Deut. 22:6, 7). The reason for this enactment is not given. A state of great poverty is described in the words of Isa. 7:21-25, where, instead of possessing great resources, a man shall depend for the subsistence of himself and his family on what a single cow and two sheep could yield.


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Blood Red Perfection
What would you do if someone in your town mysteriously disappeared without warning? What if your the onl...
About me:
Sports: basketball and soccer
Fav music: country and Christian
Fav genres: Inspirational fiction, mystery, action, romance. Basically anything not to creepy and nothing gross.
Favorite games: blokus, solitaire, mofia
What I'm working on:
Music of Life
What to do when a flower blooms
Grasping the Grave
Attacking Angels
Blood Red Perfection
Jess' Story
50 fans [x]
100 fans
300 reads [x]
1000 reads [x]
3000 reads []
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250 votes []
A finished story!!! []
more to come :)
I love all if my fans, they are the best. I try to keep my promises when I say I will read something, but hey, we all make mistakes. Ask me to read your story any way except for putting it as a link on my story.
What would you do if someone in your town mysteriously disappeared without warning? What if your the onl...
A tornado hits an unsuspecting town during the middle of the day, students are at school, parents are at...
They've been together through thick and thin... They've comforted each other, helped each other... They...
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|15 posts found
The problem isn't that there's 2 types of MMORPG, it's that MMO's separated and limited themselves into these divisions.
What happened to when you logged into a great big MMORPG world where you could choose what you wanted to do?
\The world was enormous, and you could go anywhere, assuming you could survive the journey, beginning at level 1.
There were grocery list quests, if you wanted one.
There were walking and talking quests, if you wanted.
There was a story line set of quests, if you wanted.
If you want, you could just go grind.
There were monster pits of both similar and varying levels around the world. - For example, there may be pits with level 30 monsters in 6 different places in the world, one town offered a grocery list quest to kill them if you wanted, other places you could just hop in a pit and grind, hoping for some epic loot.
There were elite and group type monsters, that were hard to kill solo, but a group may farm efficiently and show good xp / loot for. There may also be a quest to farm them if you want it. There may be a story quest to work your way to the final boss of the dungeon, if you want.
Player housing? Sure why not, maybe, maybe not. Can destroy player houses? depends where you build. No rent in dangerous places, upkeep type tax rent to build in safe places like the city. - Players can still attack your house but guards will own them.
Don't want pvp or pk, don't want anyone to destroy your house? Sure go to the PvE server, not every server has to live by the same set of rules, that's why they're different planes of existence. Don't worry, you can still queue for an instances cross server battleground if you change your mind.
Instances? if you wan't, quests to go in the instances too. Play modes? why not? Group / solo instance? Sure why not just select what type of instance you want before entering.
Why do games and gamers want to categorize themself as one style and eliminate the other style? PvP / PvE, open world pvp or instanced only, sandbox or themepark.
The biggest problem I see with a themepark is that it is hard to make a sandbox out of it. While it's really easy to build a themepark inside a sandbox. Why can't companies offer a themepark route through their sandbox? Offer a few different playstyles to partake of depending on which server you join?
People act like it's impossible to please everyone, I don't agree. The limitations placed within the walls of the game are what displeases people, not what it offers.
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Elite Member
Joined: 1/13/10
Currently playing EVE, SMITE, ArcheAge, and Combat Arms
You're leaving out a crucial part: social.
The world, mechanics and features of games like AC, UO, EVE Online and other older MMOs facilitated player interaction. They offered tools for smaller communities within the larger playerbase to form and, more importantly offered tools for them to interact with each other on a variety of levels. To name a few:
While many of these features had some problems of thier own (ohnoes! someone drew a peepee!), newer MMOs left them out rather than try to find solutions for them. This has broken one of the biggest ties between the themepark and sandbox content, as the social content is what made it easier for the people bringing resources into the game world(questors/gatherers) to connect with the people taking resources out of the game world (builders/destroyers). When two groups with little in common have less manners in which to interact, the split between the two groups grows wider.
This has led to futher divide as PvE has become more closely associated with themepark and PVP with sandbox, as if building a house is in any way scripted content or factions in any way creative content on its own.
Almost every MMO has both themepark and sandbox content. The older ones just had far more social content in the mix to bring it all together in a cohesive world environment.
There isn't a "right" or "wrong" way to play, if you want to use a screwdriver to put nails into wood, have at it, simply don't complain when the guy next to you with the hammer is doing it much better and easier. - Allein
This was a sandbox vs themepark discussion not a social or crafting oriented post.
That's a different argument for a different day lol.
Elite Member
Joined: 9/26/08
"Before I speak, I have something important to say."
Originally posted by Abuz0r
There's already a sticky thread for that.
"There are certain queer times and occasions in this strange mixed affair we call life when a man takes this whole universe for a vast practical joke, though the wit thereof he but dimly discerns, and more than suspects that the joke is at nobody's expense but his own."
Novice Member
Joined: 12/05/05
Who did wrong? The advertiser hired to sell the game or the consumer who put faith in advertising?
Originally posted by Abuz0r
Finally someone with the courage to tackle this topic......
Apprentice Member
Joined: 11/22/05
Older games were also filled with people who used the worlds to be part of a fantasy setting. Now mmos are mostly filled with people who see them as an amusment ride. You strap yourself in and the game entertains you.
generally speaking people don't seem to want the same things in these games anymore. They may talk about it on forums but when someone loads in it's all solo quest to get max lvl then raid/grind to max gear get bored and off to the next new mmo
I'd love to see a more modernized attept at an old style of game but I doubt the majorty of people who play them actually would. And when I saqy majorty I don't mean people who read or become involved on forums. I mean the actual majority of players ...the ones who never read forums or become involved in a games community at all.
Elite Member
Joined: 1/13/10
Currently playing EVE, SMITE, ArcheAge, and Combat Arms
Originally posted by Abuz0r
This was your stance, accoridng to your original post:
The biggest problem I see with a themepark is that it is hard to make a sandbox out of it. While it's really easy to build a themepark inside a sandbox. Why can't companies offer a themepark route through their sandbox? Offer a few different playstyles to partake of depending on which server you join?
I was answering that by explaining that it can be done, and was done, by using social components to bind the other two together. I was also addressing your subject line of "Themepark + Sandbox = Old School MMO" which really should be "Themepark + Sandbox + Social = Old School MMO"
There isn't a "right" or "wrong" way to play, if you want to use a screwdriver to put nails into wood, have at it, simply don't complain when the guy next to you with the hammer is doing it much better and easier. - Allein
Ok well I was trying to vocalize my desire for middle ground on the issues. I wasn't trying to pick a fight,
Apprentice Member
Joined: 6/28/12
Ops pretty much entire premise is crap. Games like Eq, things like instances, all came about from learning lessons from those things that came before. Uo slowly gained restrictions until it was no longer a sim because players repeatedly broke the game, not only in real ways, but for many many others too. Its why you get things like the server type split with trammel. Its why so many more restrictions were put in place going forward. If you do not believe me then listen to the developers! http://www.gdcvault.com/play/1016629/Classic-Game-Postmortem-Ultima
Things like instances were popularized by WoW entirely because of the playerbase whining insistantly about things like Fire of Heaven actively farming bosses that did not even benefit them any longer to eleminate any possible compition. Why set up those 2 am raids when that boss spawns when you are the only guild on the server who is keyed that can possibly kill it? Almost every single "feature" that so many on this forum whine about is here because of developers listening and learning from its playerbase. Look at the major stories that have rocked EvE, from the year long con jobs, to pyrimid schemes. There is a reason why EvE is nowhere near as popular as it could be.
I did battle with ignorance today, and ignorance won.
To exercise power costs effort and demands courage. That is why so many fail to assert rights to which they are perfectly entitled - because a right is a kind of power but they are too lazy or too cowardly to exercise it. The virtues which cloak these faults are called patience and forbearance.
It's not as popular because not everyone likes the same thing.
games are aiming at such niche markets that they can't keep enough customers to survive. They're trying to adapt with freemium or easier gameplay when they should go back to the open world and play style freedom solution.
People are sick of boundaries.
Apprentice Member
Joined: 6/28/12
Originally posted by Abuz0r
The market blatantly says that you are incorrect. This is why you should stop taking impressions from forums.
I did battle with ignorance today, and ignorance won.
To exercise power costs effort and demands courage. That is why so many fail to assert rights to which they are perfectly entitled - because a right is a kind of power but they are too lazy or too cowardly to exercise it. The virtues which cloak these faults are called patience and forbearance.
Advanced Member
Joined: 11/23/08
Originally posted by jimdandy26
The "market" hasn't asked me or the other two gamers in my household, or the majority of our friends, we all in fact agree with the OP. Minority we may be, but then with no way to prove it we'll never know(with a mmorpg in a setting we prefer, NOT sci-fi, I would have thought TR would have shown that not everyone was interested in space junkets and ugh fpv?? no thanks, not even by one of the creators of one of the grandfathers of mmorpgs with the ease of play that most have become accustomed to ie. WoW).
Novice Member
Joined: 4/18/10
Originally posted by jimdandy26
The market says we all want to play Farmville!
Advanced Member
Joined: 10/05/03
Gaming should be about fun, not gender equality.
ThemePark's generally are: casual, linear, easy (easy to get to cap, next to no death penalty), often instanced, solo player focused.
Sandbox's generally are: hardcore, non-linear, hard (usually long time to get to cap and harsch death penalties), rarely if ever instaced, group focused.
Mixing them would not make much sense as they are designed using two different philosophies and aiming for different customer groups. So no, you should not mix the two as you can't please everyone.
Problem we have now is that almost all big budget MMOs are ThemeParks and almost all sandbox MMOs are under-funded indy games. That needs to balance out somehow.
MMORPG.COM Staff
Joined: 6/21/12
There is already a stickied thread for discussing Sandbox and Themepark games. You can find it here: http://www.mmorpg.com/discussion2.cfm/thread/317478/Sandbox-vs-Themepark-Discussion-Thread.html
Please keep al further discussion there.


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I wrote a (super) simple Chrome Extension for the Telerik Code Converter that just iframes their page in a browser action pop-up. It's been really helpful as I use this tool all the time when I have to port some of my more complex C# code to VB. I was wondering if it would be ethical for me to upload this Extension to Chrome Web Store for other developers to use? Of course I wouldn't ever be charging or profiting from it in any way.
Take the 2-minute tour ×
Programmers Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for professional programmers interested in conceptual questions about software development. It's 100% free, no registration required.
I feel as long as you explain what the code does well enough so no one is confused by what it does, anything can be put in the web store. People will use it if they find the need, it would only be unethical if people didn't have the choice.


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Keyword Results for 'zaka ashraf'
Karachi, Feb 26 (ANI): The Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB) has decided not to bank on 'busy' former pace bowling icon Wasim Akram for help during the ongoing World Cup.
Sethi blames 'instability' in PCB's leadership for failure to groom young Pak skipper Feb 7, 2:38 pm
Karachi, Feb 07 (ANI): Former Pakistan Cricket Board chief Najam Sethi has claimed that instability in the PCB leadership did not allow grooming of a young Pakistan cricket team captain for the future.
Karachi, Jan 31 (ANI): Welcoming the decision of the ICC of allowing paceman Mohammad Amir to resume domestic cricket, seven months before the five-year spot-fixing ban ends, former Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB) chairman Zaka Ashraf has said that the bowler should be given a chance to serve his country.
Karachi, Jan 06 (ANI): Former Pakistan Cricket Board chief Zaka Ashraf has claimed that he had warned the board against sending banned off-spinner Mohammad Hafeez to Chennai for the biomechanics test because he feels that India and England both have no positive attitude towards Pakistan cricket.
Karachi, Oct 18 (ANI): The Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB) on Thursday strongly rebutted former board chairman Zaka Ashraf's recent comments that the unanimously elected PCB boss Shahryar Khan is a puppet of ex-chairman Najam Sethi.
Zaka Ashraf accuses Shahryar Khan of playing 'second fiddle' to former PCB chief Sethi Oct 14, 2:40 pm
Karachi, Oct 14 (ANI): Former Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB) chairman Zaka Ashraf has pointed out that the current chief Shahryar Khan looked like a puppet who could only earn a bad name by adopting stratagems of ex-boss Najam Sethi.
Karachi, July 29 (ANI): The Pakistani Supreme Court observed on Monday that the proceedings between two former chairmen of the Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB) Najam Sethi and Muhammad Zaka Ashraf had caused immense harm to the board and cricket at the domestic and international level.
Ex-Pak skipper Mushtaq Mohammad backs ex-PCB chairman Tauqir Zia to head board again May 31, 9:46 am
Karachi, May 31 (ANI): Former Pakistani captain Mushtaq Mohammad has proposed that former Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB) chairman Tauqir Zia should helm the affairs at the top of the board again, instead of Najam Sethi and Mohammad Zaka Ashraf.
Zaka Ashraf accuses Najam Sethi of 'contempt of court' as PCB 'chairman' row thickens May 29, 1:56 pm
Karachi, May 29 (ANI): Former Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB) chairman Mohammad Zaka Ashraf has reportedly submitted 'contempt of court' charges against the current chairman Najam Sethi, adding a new twist to the bitter row over the top PCB slot.
Zaka Ashraf denies knowledge of fixing approach to Afridi, Akmal during 2012 UAE series May 28, 10:51 am
Karachi, May 28 (ANI): Former Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB) chairman Mohammad Zaka Ashraf has insisted that he has no knowledge of an approach to any Pakistan cricketer by bookmakers during the 2012 Pakistan-England series in the UAE.
PCB begins probe into 'unaccounted' spending of 200, 000 dollars during Zaka Ashraf's tenure May 27, 10:00 am
Johannesburg, May 27 (ANI): The Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB) has reportedly began an investigation into the spending of 200, 000 dollars during the tenure of former chairman Mohammad Zaka Ashraf as the current board believes that the amount was not accounted for.
Ashraf's lawyer claims SC order suspending PCB appointment 'misinterpreted' by govt May 25, 10:35 am
Karachi, May 25 (ANI): The legal advisor for Mohammad Zaka Ashraf has claimed that the order by the Supreme Court of Pakistan suspending his re-appointment as the chairman of the Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB) has been 'misinterpreted' by the government.
Zaka Ashraf rejects room for convicted cricketers May 21, 2:13 pm
Islamabad, May 21 (ANI): Mohammad Zaka Ashraf, the reinstated chairman of the Pakistan Cricket Board has divulged that no former convicted cricketer would be provided with a job in the board.
Karachi, May 21 (ANI): The Supreme Court of Pakistan has reportedly suspended the decision of the Islamabad High Court (IHC) of reinstating Mohammad Zaka Ashraf as chairman of the Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB).
Pak government challenges Ashraf's reinstatement as PCB chairman May 20, 3:03 pm
Karachi, May 20 (ANI): The reinstatement of Mohammad Zaka Ashraf as the chairman of the Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB) has reportedly been challenged by the Nawaz Sharif-led Pakistani government before the Islamabad High Court (IHC).
Miandad doubtful over Sethi's claims of Pak playing six bilateral series with India May 20, 11:48 am
Karachi, May 20 (ANI): Former Pakistani captain Javed Miandad has reportedly expressed doubts over claims made by the Najam Sethi-led Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB) that Pakistan will play six bilateral series with India between 2015 and 2023.
Karachi, May 19 (ANI): Reinstated Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB) chairman Zaka Ashraf's comeback for the third time has reportedly been cut short to just a day as the body currently stands dissolved after losing eight of the 10 Governing Board (GB) members.
Reinstated PCB chief Zaka Ashraf will review Sethi's decisions to determine their 'legality' May 19, 11:59 am
Karachi, May 19 (ANI): Current Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB) chairman Zaka Ashraf, who was reinstated to the post by the Islamabad High Court (ICH) on Saturday, has said that he would review all appointments and decisions taken by his predecessor Najam Sethi to determine their legality.
Najam Sethi to approach Pak SC over PCB chairmanship issue May 19, 9:32 am
Islamabad, May 19 (ANI): Ousted Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB) chief Najam Sethi has said that he will approach the Pakistan Supreme Court to challenge the Islamabad High Court's decision of reinstating Zaka Ashraf as PCB chairman.
Court reinstates Zaka Ashraf as PCB chairman after suspending `illegal` management committee May 18, 8:47 am
Karachi, May 18 (ANI): The Islamabad High Court has reportedly reinstated Mohammad Zaka Ashraf as the chief of the Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB) after suspending a management committee appointed by Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif.
Ex-PCB boss Zaka Ashraf spent 'hundreds of millions of rupees' during 22-month tenure May 13, 11:03 am
Karachi, May 13 (ANI): Former Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB)chairman Zaka Ashraf reportedly spent hundreds of millions of rupees during his 22-month tenure on his lavish lifestyle, including travels around the world, as revealed by an internal audit of the board.
Zaka Ashraf challenges Sethi's claims of Pak benefiting from 'Big Three acceptance' Apr 13, 12:13 pm
Karachi, Apr. 13 (ANI): Former Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB) chairman Zaka Ashraf has reportedly challenged current chief Najam Sethi's claims that Pakistan would benefit by accepting the supremacy of 'Big Three'.
Ashraf confirms Sethi's 'Big Three' claims, but says India backtracked from offer later Apr 9, 10:13 am
Karachi, Apr 9 (ANI): Former Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB) chairman Mohammad Zaka Ashraf has confirmed current chief Najam Sethi's claims that India had offered them a chance to join the 'Big Three' during a major reorganisation of the ICC's administration.
Karachi, Apr 8 (ANI): Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB) chairman Najam Sethi has claimed that Pakistan missed out on a 'major' opportunity to be the part of a 'Big Four' group proposed by India, Australia and England after Mohammad Zaka Ashraf took over as chief from him for a brief period.
Karachi, Apr 3 (ANI): Veteran Pakistani all-rounder Abdul Razzaq has blamed Twenty20 captain Mohammad Hafeez for the team's disastrous exit from the ICC World Twenty20 in Bangladesh and has called for his axing as skipper of the squad.
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Washington D.C. Forecast: Broken Record Weather- More Heat, Humidity and Afternoon Storms
July 8, 2013 - 02:05 PM
Text size Decrease Increase
Typical summer time pattern for Washington D.C. in July-Hazy, hot and humid with afternoon storms
- This Afternoon:
- 30 % Shot of Afternoon Storms
- Temperatures: 80s/90s
- Wind: SW 5-10 mph
- Overnight:
- Muggy and cloudy
- Lows: 70s
- Wind: Light
- Tuesday:
- Hazy, Hot and Humid
- Highs: 90s
- UV Index: High to Very High
Broken record weather as we head into the second week of July: temperatures right around 90 degrees, muggy, mix of sun and clouds and a chance of rain each afternoon/evening. A cold front will approach the region on Thursday and that will create a better chance of showers and storms through the day on Thursday and continuing through at least Friday morning. Highs will drop a little with more cloud cover and the movement of the frontal system for the end of the work week into the mid to upper 80s.
Short URL: http://wj.la/1aSyM5e