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This invention describes how combined session and resource tracking in a mobile node (MN) and/or basestation in a dynamic network resource environment can be used to control reactions to resource shortages. The session that is to experience a resource shortage is detected either by the MN, or communicated to the MN where session signaling is used to modify the session according to MN and basestation policy/configuration. The basestation can alternatively modify the session itself with all the session peers, on behalf of the MN. The specific new reaction to resource shortages that is then enabled is to place the session on hold such that the resources are freed, but so that the session state is maintained in the peers. This is preferable to dropping the session, as is generally the case in dynamic environments, if the likely period of resource loss is short and the session modifications require less overhead than restarting the session when the resources return after dropping the session. In addition, before having resources removed, the basestation can provide the MN with an opportunity to upgrade the priority of its resource request compared to other users in the cell, so that a resource auction is conducted to decide which MN actually loses its resources.
1. A method of operating a mobile communications device, in a communications system wherein communications resources are shared, the method comprising:
responding to a loss of communications resources used by a communications session by placing said communications session in a session hold state; and
responding to allocation of resources to said communications session in said session hold state by restoring said communications session to an active session state, said active session state involving the use of the allocated resources by said communications session.
2. The method of
receiving a session hold message indicative of the loss of resources; and
wherein said step of responding to said loss of resources is performed in response to receiving said session hold message.
3. The method of
detecting said loss of communications resources; and
identifying a communications session affected by said loss of communications resources, said identified communications session being the communications session that is placed into a session hold state.
4. The method of
sending a session hold message to a participant in said communications session which is placed into a session hold state.
5. The method of
6. The method of
7. The method of
8. The method of
operating an application to indicate to a user of the mobile node that said communications session is being placed into a session hold state; and
maintaining in memory communications information relating to said communications session placed into a session hold state.
9. The method of
detecting the allocation of resources to said communications session in said session hold state.
10. The method of
receiving a resource available message from a basestaton.
11. The method of
wherein responding to allocation of resources to said communications session includes indicating to a user of the mobile device that the communications session has been restored to an active state.
12. The method of
receiving an upgrade option message presenting an opportunity to upgrade a resource allocation priority prior to having shared communications resources being used by said mobile communications device to support a communications session removed; and
sending a reply to said received upgrade option message indicating if the resource allocation priority is to be upgraded.
13. The method of
14. A mobile communications device comprising:
means for responding to a loss of communications resources used by a communications session by placing said communications session in a session hold state; and
means for responding to allocation of resources to said communications session in said session hold state by restoring said communications session to an active session state, said active session state involving the use of the allocated resources by said communications session.
15. The mobile communications device of
means for sending a session hold message to a participant in said communications session which is placed into a hold state.
16. The mobile communications device of
means for detecting the allocation of resources to said communications session in said session hold state.
17. The mobile communications device of
receiving an upgrade option message presenting an opportunity to upgrade a resource allocation priority prior to having shared communications resources being used by said mobile communications device to support a communications session removed; and
sending a reply to said received upgrade option message indicating if the resource allocation priority is to be upgraded.
18. A method of operating a mobile communications device in a communications network having shared communications resources, comprising:
receiving an upgrade option message presenting an opportunity to upgrade a resource allocation priority prior to having shared communications resources being used by said mobile communications device to support a communications session removed; and
sending a reply to said received upgrade option message indicating if the resource allocation priority is to be upgraded.
19. The method of
20. The method of
receiving a signal indicating that a communications session is to be put into a hold state; and
operating an application associated with said communications session to be put into a hold state to perform a session hold action.
21. The method of
22. The method of
receiving a signal indicating that said communications session is to be changed from said hold state to an active state.
23. The method of
operating said application associated with said communications session to perform a session-on action including the use of shared communication resources which were unavailable while said communications session was in said session hold state.
24. The method of
detecting when a shared communication resource being used by said mobile communications device (14) becomes unavailable;
identifying a communications session affected by said shared communication resource being unavailable; and
transmitting a session hold message to indicate that said affected communications session is to be put into a hold state.
25. The method of
26. The method of
operating the affected communications application to implement a session hold operation.
27. The method of
28. A mobile communications device comprising:
means for receiving an upgrade option message presenting an opportunity to upgrade a resource allocation priority prior to having shared communications resources being used by said mobile communications device to support a communications session removed; and
means for sending a reply to said received upgrade option message indicating if the resource allocation priority is to be upgraded.
29. The mobile communications device of
a user input device for receiving input from a user indicating is resource allocation priority is to be upgraded.
30-48. (canceled)
The present application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/313,035, filed on Aug. 16, 2001 titled "A METHOD FOR CONTROLLING IP APPLICATIONS DURING NETWORK CHANGES THAT RESULT IN RESOURCE SHORTAGES" which is hereby expressly incorporated by reference.
The present invention relates to communications session and resource management and, more particularly to methods and apparatus for enabling a mobile node to maintain a communications session despite a decrease in resources, e.g., temporary reduction or loss of bandwidth, used to support the communications session.
Many user applications require a minimum amount of resources, e.g., communications bandwidth, to be useful. One example is traditional voice telephony that below either a target minimum bandwidth or above a maximum delay becomes unusable. During call set-up in traditional fixed telecom networks, a signaling channel first checks that sufficient resources exist between the caller and callee before admitting the call and ringing the callee in the case of voice. If there is insufficient resource then the call is refused with a network busy signal. Once admitted, calls are usually dropped by the network only if equipment fails or due to pre-emption mechanisms such as emergency over-rides. This model has continued into much of the traditional wireless industry where the resources are checked and then only dropped under network control as before. A new source of network failures though in wireless networks is that the hand-off between cells can result in a dynamic step-change in network conditions (new cell being fully occupied) that can cause the call to be dropped.
In existing cellular systems the media flow (e.g. voice and/or audio) and call control channel are tightly coupled resulting in both the call signaling and call media forcibly being dropped at the same time. This prevents the signaling channel from being used to advise the mobile node of the resource problem and give the MN options as to how things should proceed. In next generation IP data applications, the session control signaling, e.g., session signaling which may be implemented using, e.g., Session Initiation Protocol-"SIP" and media planes used to implement data-transfer and data application signal using, e.g., Realtime Transfer Protocol-"RTP", are designed to be distinct and separable. This allows, in some IP based communications systems, session control signaling and data signaling to be controlled independently.
In IP based applications, multiple user of an IP device may interact as a group, e.g., as part of a group game session. Dropping group members due to the temporary loss of bandwidth by an individual member can result in an inconvenient and unenjoyable experience for the remaining group members. The sudden loss of a player may leave the other players without notice as to the dropped player's absence. Furthermore, the need for a dropped player to establish a new communications session in order to rejoin the group can result in relatively lengthy delays even after bandwidth has been restored to the dropped member. It would be far more desirable if a group member, e.g., player, subject to a sudden decrease in bandwidth could notify the other group members of a temporary absence and simply halt data communications without terminating the control portion of the group communications session. Thus, the other group members would be aware of the temporary absence of the group member subject to temporary bandwidth limitations and the group member can reestablish the data portion of the connection as soon as bandwidth is restored without having to establish an entirely new communications session.
In some cases, sudden decreases in bandwidth may be due to re-allocation of bandwidth in a cell in which a mobile node is operating or the previous allocation of bandwidth to other mobile communications users in a cell into which a mobile node is traveling. When confronted which such bandwidth problems, which would normally result in a connection being dropped, it would be nice to give the user who is about to have a connection dropped the opportunity to upgrade the user's priority, e.g., by paying a premium, to maintain an existing communications session. In this manner, a user could prevent the loss of the connection by selecting, e.g., to pay a premium to have the connection maintained. Unfortunatley, existing communications systems do not offer a mobile node user this opportunity.
In view of the above discussion, it is apparent that there is a need for methods and apparatus that would allow a communication session to be maintained even when changes in conditions, e.g., due to a mobile device's poor location or signal interference, result in insufficient resources to continue the data portion of the communications session. In addition, there is a need for providing users of mobile devices an opportunity upgrade their relative priority in terms of resource allocation before dropping a connection due to a resource request from a mobile device having a higher priority or because of the previous allocation of the required resources to another device.
The present invention relates to communications session and resource management and, more particularly to methods and apparatus for enabling a mobile node to maintain a communications session despite a decrease, e.g., temporary reduction or loss of bandwidth, used to support the communications session.
Control signaling often requires far less bandwidth than data transmission. In addition, in some system implementations, control signals used to support a communications session are transmitted on different channels than the channels used to transmit data, e.g., voice, text, game information, etc., as part of a communications session. Accordingly, even when there is insufficient resources to maintain the data portion of a communications session, it is possible to continue the control signaling and thus the communications session, e.g., at a reduced data rate or without the ability to transfer data for a period of time. When the bandwidth required to transfer data becomes available, the data portion of the communications session is restored to normal without the need to re-establish the session. This is in sharp contrast to having to close the session and later restart the session when resources are once more available, as done in the prior art systems.
Prior to dropping a connection, or placing a session into a hold or other state requiring reduced bandwidth, in accordance with one feature of the present invention a mobile node user is provided an option to upgrade the user's resource allocation priority. By selecting the upgrade option the user is provided with the resources, e.g., bandwidth, required to maintain the session and the communications network operator is provided the opportunity to generate revenue by charging a priority upgrade service charge or other type of fee.
Combining session and resource tracking is used in accordance with the invention in a mobile node (MN) and/or basestation in a dynamic network resource environment to control reactions to resource shortages. The session that is to experience a resource shortage is either detected by the MN, or communicated to the MN where session signaling is used to modify the session according to MN and basestation policy/configuration. The basestation can alternatively modify the session itself with all the session peers, on behalf of the MN. The specific new reaction to resource shortages, in accordance with the invention, is to place the session on hold thereby freeing network resources to be used by other nodes. However, as part of the session hold operation, the session state is maintained in the peers of the node subject to the resource shortage, and placed in a hold state where some form of local (to the MN) hold action can be performed for the user such as playing a tone, showing an advert, undertaking a local only game play phase etc. This is often preferable to dropping the session, as is generally the case in dynamic environments. This is particularly the case when the period of resource loss is likely to be short and the session modifications required to transition the session back into an on-state will require less overhead than restarting the session.
In accordance with one feature of the invention, before having resources removed, the basestation can provide the MN with an opportunity to upgrade the priority of its resource request compared to the resource allocation priority of other users in the same cell. In such embodiments a resource auction is conducted to decide which MN actually loses its resources.
While applicable to communications involving various types of data, e.g., voice, text, video, messaging, collaborative distributed applications such as game information, etc., the benefits of the present invention will be explained in various examples in the current application using a voice communications session, e.g., a telephone call, as an example.
Typically, in accordance with the invention, a communications session, e.g., IP telephone call, will be set-up with a minimum resource requirement, below which the session will be ineffective (e.g., (codec) coder/decoder bandwidth requirement). In the case of an IP telephone call communication session, this information would typically be communicated using SIP preconditions and installed using ReSerVation Protocol (RSVP) or similar signaling or preconfigured admission control techniques. During or following call set-up in a cell, a session may fail due to insufficient instantaneous resources although those resources might be available very shortly-due to a cell change or the action of other MNs in the cell. In addition, during hand-off into a congested cell, there may well be insufficient resource of the required type to admit the call/session into this cell. A number of existing processes can, and in various embodiments are, undertaken in accordance with the invention, for the MN and its various active sessions subject to sudden resource limitations.
For example, the cell (Quality of Service) QoS control can try to rebalance the existing resources in the cell being entered to release sufficient resources for the new MN using the well-known techniques of pre-emption or borrowing, or the affected sessions of the MN can be dropped at the cell base station.
In addition, according to this invention, if the basestation can maintain session or resource signaling independently of the media stream, and either the MN or the basestation can detect media resource shortages, then in the latter case the basestation can send a message to the MN indicting the media flows or resource requests that cannot be admitted at the new cell, or in the former case, the MN can detect this itself. Note that in either case this detection can also be done within a cell during a session when experiencing resource problems due to varying radio link conditions. The Receiving MN can then create a session signaling or resource message and send it to the other end of the affected sessions to inform them of the resource problem. Note that the basestation can alternatively send this message itself if it has end-to-end session knowledge of all participants and the session descriptions. Both ends are now aware of the problem and can then act on this knowledge to modify the session or resources. A number of alternatives are possible.
The MN communications application, e.g., voice application, in the congested cell can signal the other end (e.g. the voice application on the other end of a call) to put the new or ongoing call on hold, advising the other end that it is due to a temporary resource problem in an reason code. Once the resources become available, communications sessions, e.g., calls on 'resource hold' get access to the available bandwidth. The call is then taken off-hold by the call's participants when the network signals that the resources are available and have been allocated to the node on hold. This is better than losing the call, as in existing systems, because the MN does not immediately redial (creating wasteful signaling) and instead the call will be automatically re-connected at the earliest opportunity. During the break both ends can, and in some embodiments do, exchange messages to be played, e.g., using reduced bandwidth signaling such as text-messaging. In other embodiments the messages are signaled by the local BS to both ends and/or locally stored messages are played at the direction of the BS or MN.
As an alternative to the above described resource shortage handling technique, the two application endpoints, e.g., MNs, can renegotiate the session description to be used during resource problems or this information can be exchanged when the original call was being set-up during session description negotiation. The session description would describe how to react to resource failure and can include: drop to text chat, drop to a lower codec fidelity or bit rate, play a message, etc.
Alternatively, the reaction to insufficient resource could be to divert the session to a media recorder. In such an embodiment the unaffected application endpoint leaves a message which the affected user can listen to automatically when the resource becomes available and maybe then decide whether or not to call the unaffected user back.
Alternatively, the call can, and in various embodiments is, redirected to a third person (e.g. a manager's secretary)/another team member, or to another terminal for the affected user such as a fixed phone near the MN's current location. The new call location could be communicated to the affected user via the still functional signaling plane.
Alternatively, in various embodiments the payer for the call (normally the caller) or the affected user (additional payer for the local resource) is given the chance to increase the pre-emption level (resource priority) of the media flow, with an associated increase in 'call' cost, to enable the call to pre-empt an existing call and use its resource. In this case the message to the caller should include advice on the minimum required pre-emption level and the associated cost. In parallel, in some embodiments the caller on the identified call whose resources are to be removed (call to be pre-empted) is involved, e.g., notified of the impending interruption of service, so that an instantaneous 'bidding war', with a single bid per end-point, can be undertaken as to who gets the resource. Alternatively, such a bidding war can be avoided by a predetemined pre-emption ordering according to service level agreements (e.g., Gold users win over Silver users).
In addition to the session/resource signaling responses it can be beneficial to put a rate-limit on the number of renegotiations in a fixed period to avoid responding too quickly to resource changes. In accordance with one feature of the invention this is achieved by adding hysterisis to the session or resource transition, and by setting a minimum reconfiguration time for each session. This increases in importance as the rate of cell change increases (small cells, fast MNs) to the extent that the signaling round trips are a significant fraction of the cell transition time. In effect, the slower the cell change, the more opportunity there is for session renegotiation whilst faster transition times increase the importance and utility of the temporary call hold feature of the present invention.
Various features of the present invention such as a session holdmessage are particularly well suited to group communications sessions, e.g., multi-participant game communications sessions, where it is useful to convey temporary absence information to other group members. The signaled absence may be due, e.g., to being placed into a hold state due to resource shortages. In response to the absence message, the game application being executed by the group may take appropriate action to protect a players position in the game until such time as the player's bandwidth and connection are restored to normal.
Numerous additional features, benefits, applications and embodiments of the present invention are described in the detailed description which follows.
The present invention relates to communications session and resource management and, more particularly to methods and apparatus for enabling a mobile node to maintain a communications session despite a decrease in resources, e.g., temporary reduction or loss of bandwidth, used to support the communications session.
Various aspects of the present invention are directed to novel methods, apparatus and data structures for enabling a mobile node to roam in a foreign network, with multiple basestation handoffs, while permitting the basestation and mobile node to collaborate to enable the mobile node and its session peers to adapt to resource shortages, either as a result of hand-offs or due to changing channel, e.g., radio channel, conditions. This is achieved by placing particular sessions into a hold state in accordance with the invention as necessitated by resource shortages. The following description is presented to enable one skilled in the art to make and use the invention, ad is provided in the context of particular applications and their requirements. Various modifications to the disclosed embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles set forth below may be applied to other embodiments and applications. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown and the inventor regards his invention as the following disclosed methods, apparatus and data structures and any other patentable subject matter and embodiments made obvious by the text of this application.
Various terms used in the present application will now be explained so that they can be properly interpreted in the description which follows.
Mobile Node: A host or router that can change its point of attachment from one network or sub-network to another.
Mobile nodes may have some or all of the following attributes. A mobile node may change its location without changing its IP address; it may continue to communicate with other Internet nodes at any location using its (constant or persistent) IP address, assuming link-layer connectivity to a point of attachment is available. In various embodiments a mobile node is given a long-term (or persistent) (e.g., IP) address on a home network. This home address may be administered in the same way as a "permanent" IP address is provided to a stationary host. When away from its home network, a "care-of address" is associated with the mobile node and reflects the mobile node's current point of attachment. The mobile node normally uses its home address as the source address of all IP datagrams that it sends.
Basestation: A node that serves as a network attachment point for one or more mobile nodes.
Cell: The area of wireless coverage resulting from radio propagation and system limits that extends out from a radio antenna on a basestation.
Session: A communication relationship that has a session description, which is negotiated and agreed between one or more session peers. The session description typically includes the time, duration and media types (voice/video codecs etc) for the session.
Session Peer: A peer with which a network node, e.g., a mobile node, has a negotiated session. Session peers can be mobile or stationary.
Link: A facility or medium over which nodes can communicate at the link layer. A link underlies the network layer.
Link-Layer Address: An address used to identify an endpoint of some communication over a physical link. Typically, the Link-Layer address is an interface's Media Access Control (MAC) address.
Node: A network element that serves as host or a forwarding device. A router is an example of one type of node.
In the
The base stations 12, 12′, of the first and second cells 10, 10′, are interconnected by network nodes such as IP router 17 which are coupled to the base stations by communications links. In the
Communications resources, e.g., bandwidth, available to a mobile node 14 may vary as a function of a variety of factors including demands of other nodes in a cell 10, 10′, resource demands of nodes entering and/or leaving the cell, and the quality of the radio link with the base station 12 or 12′ servicing the mobile node.
When a mobile node (MN) 14 moves geographically, the radio propagation between it and nearby basestations (BS) 12, 12′ varies. As a result of changes in radio communication due to movement, when moving into the second cell 10′ from the first cell 10, the preferred BS changes from 12 to 12′. In order to allow communication through the preferred base station a hand-off will occur from the current base station to the new preferred base station. Thus, when a mobile node moves from the first cell 10 to the second cell 10′ a handoff will occur. As a result the mobile node, e.g., node 14, entering the second cell 10′ will begin being served by BS 12′. This hand-off causes the resource and session information, sometime called "state" or "state information", known in BS 12 to be transferred to BS 12′. As a result of the handoff, the resource demands in cell 10 are reduced while the demand for resources in cell 10′ increases due to the movement of the MN into the cell 10′.
As the MN 14 moves within the new cell 10′ the maximum potential radio link capacity in either direction between MN 14 and BS 12′ will vary as a function of the mobile node's, 14, distance from the base station 12′. Changes in the maximum potential radio link capacity can affect the resources available to the MN 14. Hand-offs for other MNs, e.g., 16, into the same cell 10′ can place additional demands on the resources in the cell 10′. The basestation 12′ is used to manage resources, and resource allocation requests, as mismatches occur between the total available resources in cell 10′ and the sum of the resource demands from MNs in the cell 10′. This management may result in the basestation requiring a node with allocated resources to discontinue, e.g., relinquish, some of the utilized resources before the mobile node completes an ongoing communications session. While in known systems this would normally result in a communication session being dropped, in accordance with the present invention a communications session may be placed into a hold state as will be discussed further below.
Operation of the base station 12 is controlled by the processor 206 under direction of one or more routines stored in the memory 210. Memory 210 includes communications routines 223, data 220, session management routine 222, resource reallocation routine 225, session signaling subroutine 224, resource signaling subroutine 218, messages 215, and active user information 212. Communications routines 223, include various communications applications which may be used to provide particular services, e.g., IP telephony services or interactive gaming, to one or more mobile node users. Data 220 includes data to be transmitted to, or received from, one or more mobile nodes. Data 220 may include, e.g., voice data, E-mail messages, video images, game data, etc. Session management routine 222 is to oversee various communications sessions which may be supported by the base station 12 at any given time. Each mobile node in the cell serviced by the base station 12 may have any number of active communications sessions going on at any given time. Session management routine 222 is responsible, at least partially, for resolving conflicting resource requests that may be made by the various mobile nodes in a cell. Resource reallocation routine 225, is used by the base station 12 to address resource allocation issues, specifically when there are insufficient resources available to satisfy the resource requests made by the various mobile nodes being serviced by the base station 12. Session signaling subroutine 224 is responsible for controlling session signaling, e.g., SIP signaling, which is supported by the base station 12. Resource signaling subroutine 218 is responsible for controlling resource signaling, e.g., RSVP signaling, which is supported by the base station 12. Messages 215 may be stored messages sent to notify communications session participants of the temporary absence of a communications session participant and/or to notify the session participants that a communications session participant has been put on hold. Messages 215 may also be stored messages sent to notify communications session participants of the temporary absence or return of a session resource. Active user information 212 includes information for each active user and/or mobile node serviced by the base station 12. For each mobile node and/or user it includes a set of state information 213, 213′. The state information 213, 213′ includes, e.g., a list of communications sessions in which the node and/or user are participating, the communications resources used by each listed communications session, and whether the session and/or resource is in an active, e.g., session on state, or a hold state as supported in accordance with the present invention.
In accordance with the present invention, resource shortages are handled by base station 12 under the direction of session management and/or resource allocation routines 222, 225 potentially in conjunction with the MN 14, based on the relative importance of user sessions known from user data or via negotiation with MNs. Various exemplary session management and resource allocation routines which may be used as the base station routines 222, 225 will be discussed below.
The exemplary MN 14 includes a receiver circuit 302, transmitter circuit 304, processor 306, memory 310 coupled together by a bus 307. The receiver circuit 302 is coupled to an antenna 303 for receiving signals from one or more basestations 12, 12′. The transmitter circuit 304 is coupled to a transmitter antenna 305 which can be used to broadcast signals to basestations 12, 12′. The mobile node 14 can interact with mobile nodes and other network elements by establishing communications sessions through a base station 12, 12′.
Operation of the mobile node 14 is controlled by the processor 306 under direction of one or more routines stored in the memory 310. Memory 310 includes communications routines 323, data 320, mobile node processing routine 322, resource reallocation routine 325, session signaling subroutine 324, resource signaling subroutine 318, messages 315, and information 312. Communications routines 323, include various communications applications which may be used to provide particular services, e.g., IP telephony, E-mail, video, games, etc. to a user of the mobile node 14. Data 320 includes data to be transmitted to; or received from a base station 12, 12′. Data 320 may include, e.g., voice data, E-mail messages, video images, game data, etc. Mobile node processing routine 322 is used to oversee various communications sessions which may be supported by the base station 12 at any given time, to detect and to respond to various trigger events. In response to a trigger event, such as the receiving a particular message or detecting a resource shortage, the processing routine 322 can control the mobile node to transition a communications session between a session on state and a session hold state. It can also control a communications session to transition from a session hold state to a session on state, e.g., when an event such as the allocation of resources needed to restore a communications session to an on state is detected. Each mobile node 14 may have any number of active communications sessions going on at any given time. Resource reallocation routine 325 is used, in some embodiments, by mobile node 14 to address resource allocation issues when there are insufficient resources available to satisfy the resource requirements of the various communication sessions the mobile node 14 is involved in. Session signaling subroutine 324 is responsible for controlling session signaling, e.g., SIP signaling, which is supported by the mobile node 14. Resource signaling subroutine 318 is responsible for controlling resource signaling, e.g., SIP preconditions or RSVP signaling, which is supported by the mobile node 14. Messages 315 may be stored messages sent to notify communications session participants of the impending temporary absence of the mobile node from an on going communications session. This may include indicating that the mobile node 14 is being put on hold for a particular communications session. Information 312 includes information about the ongoing communications sessions supported by the device. It may list such sessions on a per user basis where the device can be used by multiple users. For each communications session, the information 312 includes resource and status information, e.g., the communications used and/or required for the session and whether the communications session is in a session on or a session hold state. An exemplary mobile node processing routine which may be used as the routine 322 will be discussed in detail below.
If additional resources have been requested, operation proceeds from step 415 to step 420. In step 420 the total amount of resources, including the new request, required for ongoing sessions at the BS 12 is compared to the total resources available in the cell 10, to see if the new resource request can be granted in step 420. This can simply be a comparison between the amount of free resource in the cell and the size in terms of resources of the additional session request. Note that a session request includes a change in the session description of an existing session that increases the required resources for that session. Thus, in step 420 the BS 12 decides whether or not there are sufficient resources, e.g., bandwidth, available to satisfy the request. If sufficient resources are available to satisfy the required operation proceeds to step 425 wherein the BS 12 grants the requested resource(s) to the requesting session. Step 425 leads to block 428 wherein the BS 12 allows a new session to be conducted using the granted resource or modifies an existing session to employ the new granted resources for the communication session.
If, in step 420 the BS 12 determines that there are insufficient resources available to satisfy the received resource request, operation proceeds from step 420 to step 430. In step 430 a comparison between the priority of the requesting session is made to the priority of existing sessions to which the requested resource has been allocated. If in step 430 it is determined that the requesting session does not have higher priority, than an existing session which is using the requested resource, operation proceeds to step 439. In step 439, the requesting session is marked as a session hold candidate. Operation proceeds from step 439 to step 440.
If in step 430 it was determined that the requesting session has a higher priority than a session to which the requested resource is already allocated, the resource will be reassigned to the requesting session. As part of the resource reallocation process, in step 435, processing goes to the start of a resource re-allocation routine, e.g., the exemplary resource re-allocation routine 500 shown in
In step 440 a test is made against the user/device/session data 213, to see if the device and session corresponding to the session marked as a hold candidate, supports a session hold state, whereby the marked session and the session participants can be put on hold temporarily until resources become available. If the device or session participants do not support a hold state, meaning the session hold candidate will have to be terminated to refuse the session request, or to permit the reallocation of requested resources, then operation proceeds from step 440 to step 445 where a signal is sent to the participants in the session hold candidate cancelling the session and the corresponding resource request (I have modified the text in 445 accordingly). Operation proceeds from step 445 to Stop step 470 wherein processing in response to the received session request is halted.
Referring once again to step 440, if it was determined that the device and session corresponding to the session hold candidate did in fact support a session hold state, operation would proceed to step 428 via steps 455 and steps 460. In step 455 the BS 12 signals the session peers to put the session hold candidate into session hold, and optionally includes a reason code to explain why this is happening, and a hold action instruction to be undertaken by the session software at the session peers during the hold period. Examples of such actions include the playing a tone, displaying a message to the screen, or in an interactive game invoking game play local to the node (game player and gaming server) that does not disadvantage the session peers in session hold compared to other session at the game server in the same game. Then, in step 460, the held session is placed into a hold queue 219 with, e.g., session priority and time stamp information. Thus, the held session is put into a queue of held sessions at that BS 12 with a priority and locally generated timestamp. If the session request is from a held session that just transferred into this cell as part of a hand-off, then the priority and timestamp of that held session will not be updated at block 460, but will be installed as is into the hold queue of this cell. This is so that handed off sessions do not lose their global place in the session hold queue at a particular cell, during a cell change, and requires a degree of time synchronization between basestations as is common in exemplary implementations. Accordingly, as the mobile node 14 passes from cell 10 to cell 10′ the hold queue 119 information corresponding to sessions being maintained by the mobile node 14 is passed along with other state information from BS 10 to BS 10′. As a result, the hold queue 219 may include hold information transferred from another cell as part of a handoff operation.
Operation proceeds from step 460 to step 428 wherein the BS 12 allows the communication session to which the resources were allocated to be conducted using the allocated resources.
The request message processing branch of the routine 400 has been described in detail. Processing of resource release messages will now be discussed. If in step 415, it is determined that a resource release message was received, operation proceeds from step 415 to step 469. The resource release message may be a result of a MN 14 and its sessions leaving the cell, the cessation or renegotiation for lower resources for a particular active session, or new resources becoming available in the cell 10 for other reasons such as capacity increases. In step 469, a check is made to see if any sessions are presently in session hold and hence awaiting resources. If no sessions are in hold then processing of the received release message stops in stop step 465 but monitoring for resource messages at block 410 is allowed to continue. If in step 469 it is determined that there are sessions in hold then operation proceeds to step 470. In step 470, the available resources are allocated to held sessions in the queue, with the highest priority sessions being served first, and the length of time in session hold, determined from the global timestamp, being used to order allocations within the same priority level. Note that if the resources are insufficient for higher priority session to be taken out of session hold then a lower priority session with smaller resource requirements can still be allocated the resource to ensure maximum use of resources is made. Other well-known algorithms are also applicable for ordering the sessions in the hold queue, and for holding back partial resources for high priority sessions with large resource requirements, in preference to allocating such resources to lower priority sessions.
From allocation step 470, operation proceeds to step 475. In step 475, a determination is made as to whether the released resources were allocated to a session in hold state. If the freed resources were insufficient to enable any session to be brought out of session hold, then the released resources are simply left spare at the input to step 475 and operation will proceed to step 485. In step 485 the unused resources are made available for use in servicing future resource requests, or borrowed by elastic applications with resources allocated that are less than the peak resources possible for that application, or cam be consumed by best effort traffic for which no resource signaling is conducted. In contrast if in step 470 a session in hold has been granted sufficient resources then operation would proceed via step 475 to step 480. In step 480 the basestation 12 signals the session peers to transition the session to which the resources were allocated from hold into an active state and then allows the session to use those resources in step 428 for purposes of a communication session.
The exemplary resource re-allocation routine 500, shown in
Resource reallocation routine 500 is used to redistribute resources as a function of a priority level associated with each session that is using or requesting resources. In accordance with the invention, before being denied the use of its resources needed for an identified communication session of lower priority, an associated identified user and/or device may be presented with the opportunity to upgrade the priority associated with that particular identified communications session.
The routine 500 proceeds from start step 502 to step 505 where an existing session, having the requested resources, in the cell 10 with lowest priority is identified by the BS 12. This session is henceforth called the identified session. In step 510 a test on the identified session data is undertaken to see if the mobile node 14 in the cell 10 corresponding to the identified session, i.e., is a member of the identified session, supports a dynamic priority upgrade option. In accordance with the invention, the dynamic priority upgrade option allows users corresponding to an identified session to dynamically increase the session's priority in an attempt to avoid resource reallocation to the requesting session, and having the identified session dropped or put on hold. The dynamic priority upgrade option may be presented to the mobile node user as part of a bidding war for the resource which occurs with other sessions whose individual resource is sufficient to satisfy the resource request. Note that whilst the exemplary routine in
If, in step 510, it is determined that the mobile node associated with the identified session supports the dynamic priority upgrade option, then a test at step 520 is executed to ensure that the number of upgrades in this pass of the routine has not exceeded some limit. If a limit has been exceeded then the routine settles on the present identified session with the lowest priority and proceeds to step 580. If the limit has not been exceeded then another upgrade is allowed and a priority upgrade message is sent to the present identified session user in the cell, e.g., the BS 12 sends the mobile node 14 associated with the identified session a signal indicating that the mobile node should present the user of the mobile node 14, with an upgrade option signal. This may be, e.g., a visible indicator, e.g., a light or text message, presenting the user of the mobile node 14 with a chance to select an upgrade in priority. Thus, the upgrade option message can be presented to the user on a display which is part of the MN 14. Alternatively, the upgrade option signal can be processed by or interact with policy state/user agent processes, e.g., routines, in the MN 14 that automatically control such bidding for priority upgrades, e.g., in accordance with preprogrammed user selections. Such automated control may be based, at least in part, on the increase in priority required to maintain the session and the associated financial cost of increasing session priority to that level at the time the upgrade option signal is received.
In response to the upgrade option signal a mobile node 14 responds to the BS 12 with a signal indicating whether or not the upgrade has been selected, e.g., manually by the user of the mobile node 14 or automatically by the MN 14. The response message is received by the BS 12 from the MN 14. The response message is tested in step 540. If the upgrade option has been refused then the identified session and user is will be left unchanged and processing will proceed from step 540 to step 569. However, if the upgrade option has been accepted then processing passes from step 540 to step 550 where the user session state 212 is updated with the new priority for the session. Then, in step 560 the number of upgrades in this pass of the routine is incremented for the identified user, and for all users so that a limit on the number of bids per user, the signaling rate and latency can be applied to the process of selecting the final identified session. The routine 500 finally passes back to step 505 where the lowest priority session with sufficient resource for the requesting session user is once again identified, taking into consideration the upgrade in priority, for the next loop of the routine. Eventually the processing will proceed to step 569 with a final identified session.
In step 569 session resources are reallocated from the identified device to the requesting device. In this manner, resource reallocation occurs asynchronously from session management, e.g., placing the session from which the resources were reallocated into a hold state or terminating the session. This is consistent with the normal case of session signaling for a specific MN lagging cell resource changes, e.g., unpredictable changes due to radio environment, changes in number of active sessions for the MNs already in a cell, changes in number of active sessions as a result of hand-off of MNs.
From step 569, operation proceeds to step 570 wherein the BS 12 transmits a session signal to the requesting MN 14 and its session peers granting the requested session resources. Then, in step 580, the identified session is marked as a session hold candidate. From step 580 processing returns to the routine which called the resource reallocation routine 500 via return step 590. In the case of a go to operation invoked by step 435 of
Note that an alternative exemplary method of signaling and receiving bids is to broadcast the requesting session priority out to all session users in the cell and to then collect bids from all users that wish to make a bid that will increase their present session priority, from a level that is lower than the priority of the requesting user. The basestation then selects the lowest resultant session as a session hold candidate. This minimizes the bandwidth and latency of the bidding process.
Many of the steps of the
If the message is a resource request then steps 420, 425, 428, and 430 are performed as in the case of the
If an existing session with lower priority exists, and is using the requested resources, operation will proceed from step 430 to step 640 via step 635. Step 635 is a GOTO step which involves a jump to the alternate resource re-allocation routine 700 shown in
As a result of processing in either step 635 or step 639, an identified resource has been marked as unavailable and hence at block 640 a resource unavailable message, with a resource id identifying the specific resource and its relationship to a session at MN 14, is sent to the identified device, e.g., MN 14, in the cell 10. This will cause the MN 14 to react to the resource change by noting the loss of resource, determining the associated session, and then modifying the associated session using session signaling, e.g., SIP. In step 645 the fact that a resource has become unavailable for a session, e.g., the identified session, as a result of a denial of the resource request or reallocation of the resource, is recorded in the hold queue 219 maintained in the basestation's memory 210. This may be done by adding an appropriate resource request to the hold queue 219 with, e.g., a designated priority, a timestamp, the resource id and the associated session identifier. As in the previous example, the removal of resources from a session may occur asynchronously from changes in the session state. Thus, the loss of resources due2 to resource re-allocation will normally occur before the session state is placed into a hold state or the corresponding session from which the resources were take is terminated. A mobile node discovering the loss of resources may signal to the BS 12, in accordance with the invention, whether the session from which the resources were taken should be placed in a hold state or terminated. With the placing of the resource request in the hold queue 219, the associated session in the user session state 213 is marked as short of resources and will be converted in to a session hold state or terminated upon the MN 14 indicating the desired treatment. Following placement of the information in the hold queue 219, processing the resource request message stops in step 450. However, monitoring for additional resource messages continues on an ongoing basis in step 610.
If a resource release message is detected in step 610, instead of a resource request message, processing proceeds from step 610 to step 460 by way of step 615. As in the
The method shown in
Having described the basestation processing for resource and session on hold management we now move on to the mobile node view of these interactions, which are described in the flowcharts shown in
For a mobile node 14 to be able to roam freely, it should be able to deal with basestations 12, which implement either the method of
Exemplary mobile node processing routine 800, comprising first and second parts, 800 a and 800 b, is shown in
Referring to
The second type of trigger event that may be detected in step 810 a is a session hold signal received from a basestation 12 or from a session peer, e.g., MN 14 or 16, that has itself decided to put a session on hold. This causes the processing to proceed from step 810 a to step 880 where the session application implements the session hold action for that session which is either negotiated during session set-up, configured in the application or signaled, e.g., specified, in the detected session hold message. Processing then proceeds to step 885 where the MN 14 waits for a resource change for the session that has been put on hold. Monitoring in step 810 a continues in an attempt to detect additional trigger events thought the processing of a hold signal.
The third trigger event that may be detected in step 810 a is an internal resource unavailable message from a MN networking stack included in the MN 14 that indicates that the MN 14 is not getting sufficient resources for the MN's active sessions and hence below the resources previously promised by the basestation 12. This trigger therefore implies a resource shortage (unavailability) at the basestation 12. Detection of an explicit resource unavailable message received by the MN 14 from a basestation 12 will also result in operation proceeding from step 810 a to step 830. This represents the fourth and final trigger event that may be detected in step 810 a. Hence either of the last two triggers will cause processing to pass from block 810 a to block 830. The MN communication sessions affected by the detected trigger are determined, e.g., identified, in step 830. Operation then proceeds to step 835.
In step 835, the MN session state information 312 is interrogated to see if the session signaling, the session peers and the application associated with the affected session(s), identified in step 830, support session hold. If session hold is not supported then each affected session is cleared using session signaling with peers 14, 16 and the basestation 12, as appropriate to the local basestation 12 processing, e.g., in accordance with the method of
If, however, in step 835 the it is determined that the affected application does support session hold then operation proceeds from step 835 to step 840. In step 840 the MN 14 determines whether the affected session is a unicast or a multicast session. If it is a multicast session in step 850 a multicast session hold message is sent to the multicast session peers. However, if the affected session is a unicast session, operation proceeds instead to step 860 wherein one or more unicast session hold messages are sent to the unicast session peers. Note that a basestation 12 that initiates session hold messages should also be able to send both multicast and unicast session hold messages. The session hold reason in either case (unicast or multicast) should contain a reason code as well as an action code, so that each peer knows why the session is to go into session hold. This enables the peer to decide if it wishes to stay in the session waiting for resource to return, or to save resources at its basestation 12 by canceling its leg of the session with the MN 12. Whether a multicast or unicast session hold message is sent, a response will be received back by the MN 14 indicating that the session hold was either accepted or rejected. If accepted then at step 880 the application and the application peers put the session into hold and implement a session hold action, e.g., an action communicated in the hold message, such as playing a tone. Then, operation proceeds to step 885, wherein the MN 14 and its peers again wait for a resource change so that the session now in the hold state can be restored to an active, e.g., "on" state.
Note that while at step 835 the test is simply shown as whether the affected MN application supports session hold, the MN 14 could still choose to cancel an affected session rather than go into hold. This would cause the MN 14 to move to step 890, cancel the session. Monitoring for trigger events would continue in step 810 a despite cancellation of the affected session. Note also that one session end-point puts the session into session hold and out of session on, with a reason code to indicate the reason for this such as resource unavailable, and all peers implement the action code associated with that transition and reason.
Referring to
The next potential trigger that may be detected in step 810 b is a resource available message, from the MN 14 itself, and generated from its internal networking stack having detected that additional resources are now available. An equivalent trigger is the resource available message received from the local basestation which also signals the return of resources to the MN 14. In either case, operation proceeds from step 810 b to step 920 where the affected session is determined either as a result of an explicit resource id in either received or detected resource message, which has a known local mapping to sessions, or as a result of the MN 14 prioritizing its sessions access to shared resources, using the session priority and timestamp state information that was similarly employed by the basestation in
In summary, the combination of resource and session messages, plus the relationship between those messages and the associated session state being maintained in the basestations 12, 12′ and the MNs 14, 16, enables the basestations 12, 12′ and the MNs 14, 16 to collaborate to enable sessions to be put into and out of session hold in the presence of resource shortages. The type of application processing whilst in session hold is dependent on both local application policy, session negotiated actions as well as action and reason codes specifically communicated in the session or resource messages that cause the session hold transition. The MN 14 while offered the option of going into session hold can instead cancel the session, or negotiate the session resource requirements lower to fit into remaining resources, or by rebalancing resources from other active sessions. When session hold is signaled by the basestation 12, the flexibility of these choices at the MN 14 is reduced or lost but the complexity of managing such choices is moved to the basestation 12.
As can be appreciated from the foregoing, the present invention permits a mobile host, e.g. mobile node 14, to maintain session state with its session peers whilst the resources for the session are temporarily lost. The session response to a resource shortage can be signaled either by the basestation 12 of the affected mobile node 14, or by the mobile node 14 itself. In addition, resource shortages can be detected both by the MN 14 and by the basestation 12, and in the basestation 12 case a signaling exchange can be initiated with affected MNs 14, 16 to enable an auction of the available resource to be undertaken so the least important session from the users perspective is eventually deprived of resource. The MN 14 or basestation 12 can then respond to resource availability by allowing the session to once again access resources and continue with the session. During resource unavailability, affected sessions are put on hold and the session endpoints given an action to perform such as playing a tome or displaying a message.
The techniques of the present invention can be applied to a wide range of IP based mobile communications applications including E-mail, voice communications, and mobile game applications. Consider application of the invention to a game were a number of players are in a game with multiple players in the same cell. The game server multicasts out game play changes to the players and receives individual player actions via unicast from each player.
If a MN 14 loses uplink resources then the MN 14 can signal to the game server, e.g., basestation 12 in the case of this example, its absence and the game server will freeze the players activity in the game in such a way that the player is not harmed, e.g., the player goes invisible and/or is moved randomly by server so that return spot is unknown, protected from weapons, power stops waning etc. Meanwhile the game server 12 informs all other players of the status change through the multicast game play information, potentially periodically flashing the invisible user as it randomly moves the absent player through the game topology.
When the MN 14 returns, e.g., transitions from session hold to session on, the server 12 puts the player back in a safe spot in the game. If the MN 14 does not return then the absent status times out and the player is moved into a saved state. Meanwhile, the MN 14 can still see others progress in the game.
The MN 14 game software can include a special button that enables the MN 14 to increase its resource priority in the cell 10 which the MN 14, e.g., incurring a higher price charge for services. It is pp to the MN 14 whether it uses the priority upgrade feature but when enabled it is applied for a fixed period of time, a bit like gaining more weapons in a game because better scheduling means lower latency and an advantage with respect to other players.
If the game play from the central server 12 is lost then the game instructions in the MN 14 become useless because the MN 14 cannot see the effects of its actions on the game play. Therefore, both uplink and downlink are lost together for the various players in the affected cell 10 and they go into the absent state by the basestation 12 sending the required session message stating the affected users. The basestation 12 also multicasts a single message to the MNs 14, 16 to indicate that they are in absent state. As they independently change cells so they independently can rejoin the game. If the players in the cell 10 press the improved resource button then they contribute to the resource flow being resurrected and share the cost for the upgrade in service priority.
The response to the absent message might include a trigger for the MN 14 to go into a local game play mode where the user can change configurations as part of the game (change car, weapons, pick a return spot etc) so that when gameplay returns the user has not be wasting time, twiddling thumbs and the new configuration can be sent to the server 12. If only the uplink is lost then the MN 14 can still play within the static environment of the game by deciding where they will return and with what weapons etc so that when the uplink returns they can rejoin very quickly in a very active state.
In addition, it is possible to implement a very low bitrate gameplay channel still being available so that the user has some high-level sense of what is happening in the game even when full participation is not possible due to communications resource limitations.
The multi-user game example is just one exemplary application in which the methods and apparatus of the present invention can be used.
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"Shipment arrived early!! ,Announcements are just perfect!! I'll use Tiny Prints again when my next child needs invitations for his graduation!!"
"The cards were beautiful. I have received many compliments on the quality of the card. I would HIGHLY recommend paying for the review before purchase option. You believe your card is perfect until you hit send. I had to change my card 2 times! Excellent quality and service!"
"I've received so many compliments on my daughter's grad invitation cards, everyone loves it! The card is very high quality. The printing was great even though my pictures were not high resolution. The style is very nice, eye-catching. I was also impressed when i had to order more and they arrived in 3 days with the same high quality!"
"Wow! I received my order in the mail today and it is gorgeous. I created grad announcements for my niece. Purple is her favorite color. I am so pleased with the way it turned out. Even though the size is listed, they were larger than I expected and the quality is fabulous. I chose expedited shipping and received my order a day early. All reasons why I'm a repeat customer...... thank you tiny prints!"
"It was very easy to try the different fonts and colors for the text. It immediately let you know if the text fit the space. We decided to rush the order and we received it even faster than promised. It is a nice quality product."

subset: commoncrawl


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I'm never a fan of gimmicks, but some novelties do make me giggle. In an effort to pass on a quick smirk, I've decided that from time-to-time I will share my own version of Anderson Cooper's Ridiculist or David Letterman's Stupid Pet Tricks starting with… A camel toe barrier, called The Cuchini! Ok, for those…Published on January 27, 2012
Impromptu Madness with Sharon Haver and Brad Boles- Episode 3, Underwear Tips to Avoid Unslightly Exposure and Old Hollywood Glamour
Sharon can't believe Brad found the Mark Weiss photo of Ozzy ironing Aimee… what else is on her desk and what does it have to do with ill-fitting underwear?! Underwear tips galore with a sense of humor: Muffin top, camel toe, back cleavage, shrimping, a kiss crazed poodle, and a mad queen… oh my! >>…Published on September 24, 2010
Blog Talk Radio, bra, brad boles, camel toe, humor, Impromptu Madness, lingerie, Mark Weiss, muffin top, Ozzy Osbourne, radio, sharon haver, shrimping, thong, undergarment, underwear tips, underwear video, video


text: dr. bruce malone By Jim Bell February 27, 2012 11:50 AM Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Category: Share on Facebook Share on Twitter More Leave a comment Send to a friend! Print this page Pin it! Reddit This! Share on Tumblr! Best of Newstalk 860 Chris Christie's Biggest Fan Is a Mountain of Excitement Alex Trebek Raps 'Fresh Prince' Theme, Causes Ears to Bleed Self-Driving Lawnmower Is Brilliant — Or Is It? Fourth of July Barbecues Should Involve Beer Can Chicken Recommended For You Best of the Web


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The NASCAR Whelen Modified Tour at NHMS is widely considered to put on one of the best races in any series in the country. It has run more races at NHMS than any other touring series. This race will be the 63rd series race at the Magic Mile.
In 2014, Bobby Santos and Woody Pitkat each picked up their first career NHMS wins in the series. Historically, this race has often produced the series champions, like Ted Christopher (2008), Ron Silk (2011) and Doug Coby (2012).
The race will run as part of a tripleheader with the NASCAR Camping World Trucks Series (1:00 PM) and the Bond Auto Parts ACT Invitational (5:00 PM). Tickets for the event are good for the entire day.
Fans are encouraged to arrive early. The race start time may be moved up depending on the duration of the UNOH 175.
Tickets to the Tripleheader Saturday start at $35 for general admission and range up to $55 for VIP Reserved seating. One ticket is good for the tripleheader of races: NASCAR Camping World Trucks Series (UNOH 175), NASCAR Whelen Modified Tour (F.W. Webb 100), and Bond Auto Parts ACT Invitational.
|Ticket Pricing
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*Children will need a voucher for entrance. It can be added to any ticket order by contacting Guest Services or attained at the Ticket Office on race day.
Check out the NHMS Grandstand Map to find the best seats for your interests.
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Why Is Stephen Colbert So Sexy?
The general idea is that humor is a proxy for intelligence, the latter being a sexually selected trait. Humans ascend the social hierarchy in part because of the size of their brains rather than due to their brawn (albeit in some settings such as in male prisons, brawn is a valuable trait to possess hence the obsessive focus on building muscles within the prison yards). Whereas both men and women desire intelligent mates, there appears to be a greater importance placed on intelligence when it comes to female mate choice. Not surprisingly then, men engage in lekking behavior (sexual signaling within a specified physical space) by putting on a full display of their comedic talents.
Hence, to the extent that Steven Colbert is an attractive man, much of his desirability stems from his large brain as displayed via his quick wit and comedic charm. Of course, being tall, handsome, and rich do not hurt his mating value albeit I believe that he is married. Sorry ladies! '"
IDK, in my twisted head, brains/talent = confidence = sex appeal. A smart, funny and confident man MUST be good at everything else. Oh, Colbert, SEXAYYY.
Well, I'm not going to anymore.
Matthew, Claire, Simon and Garfunkel, one of my favorite songs. It can't be topped.
Guess it'll be a love it or hate it deal, huh? I'm willing to love it.
My point with this post: Read this book. This good but not too revealing review might give yoy a hint about the story.
13 of Matthew MacFadyen (some with his wife, actress Keeley Hawes) at the London Premiere of Pride and Prejudice, back in 2005. Please, comment, credit and don't hotlink :)
Credit for pictures: ben_pix_central and Darcilicious
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Carrot And Currant Pan Bread
17 May 2010
|Shredded carrots
|1 Cup (16 tbs)
|15% buttermilk
|1 Cup (16 tbs)
|Rolled oats
|3 Ounce
|Frozen apple juice concentrate
|1⁄2 Cup (8 tbs), thawed
|Dried currants
|1⁄2 Cup (8 tbs)
|1 Large
|Vegetable oil
|8 Teaspoon (2 Tablespoons Plus 2 Teaspoons)
|Whole wheat flour
|3⁄4 Cup (12 tbs)
|Wheat germ
|3 Tablespoon
|Double acting baking powder
|1 Teaspoon
|Baking soda
|1⁄2 Teaspoon
|1⁄2 Teaspoon
|Ground cinnamon
|1⁄2 Teaspoon
|Ground cloves
|1⁄2 Teaspoon
1. In medium bowl, combine carrots, buttermilk, and oats; set aside 1 hour.
2. Meanwhile, in small saucepan, combine juice concentrate and currants; bring to a boil. Remove from heat and set aside.
3. Preheat oven to 375°F. Spray an 8-inch square pan with nonstick cooking spray; set aside.
4. In small bowl, beat egg and oil; pour into oat mixture. Add remaining ingredients and currants with juice; stir well.
5. Pour into prepared pan; spread to make even layer. Bake until lightly browned and cracked on top, 25 to 30 minutes. Cool in pan on rack. Cut into squares.
Recipe Summary
Course:Side Dish, Fruit Dessert
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0 Comments
Carrot And Currant Pan Bread Recipe


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Hang tight!
Recipe by MARBALET
"Everyone just loves these cookies. You can make them soft by leaving them on the cookie sheet for a minute or two. If you like a crisp and crunchy cookie - immediately remove them from the cookie sheet once they are done baking! Full of berries, oatmeal, chocolate and toffee."
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1 1/2 cups
all-purpose flour
1 teaspoon
baking soda
1 cup
unsalted butter, softened
3/4 cup
brown sugar
3/4 cup
white sugar
1 teaspoon
vanilla extract
1 1/2 cups
rolled oats
1 cup
dried cherries
1 cup
miniature semisweet chocolate chips
1 cup
toffee baking bits
Very good! I used Splenda in place of sugar and reduced brown sugar by 1/4 c (personal preference to eliminate some of the sweetness). Reduced butter by 2 tablesppons and Added 1/8c extra of flour and this eliminated the spreading. Chopped the cherries for cost saving to add more of that flavor throughout cookies. Sometimes I use choc chips and sometimes I use white choc chips (the white compliment the cherries wonderfully)
These tasted good, but baked up very flat and greasy.
23 Ratings
This is a favorite cookie in my house. They are crisp on the outside, and slightly chewy in the center. I add 1/4 whole wheat flour to the recipe to address the speading problem and add a nutty flavor. This also allows me to skip refrigeration first, to save time. Like others, I also use craisins unless it is a holiday.
I find that if you cut the amount of toffee bits by half (use 1/2 cup) there is no spreading.
These were great! I substituted whole wheat flour and the oats I used were 5 grain (Red Mill). These changes didn't make the cookies taste "too healthy" (not that the are!) - probably due to the amount of sugar and sweetness from the chips.
Only wish they were a tad bit chewier, however I will play around with my next batch as I have some dough frozen.
Best cookie recipe I know. To reduce
cost I use craisins instead of dried cherries but for special occasions the
cherries are so good.
Very good. Read the reviews 1st then made adjustments. I thought toffee would make them too sweet so I added 1 cup chopped almonds instead. I also reduced brown sugar by 1/4 c and increased white sugar by 1/4 cup (cookies didnt spread too much. I also substituted 1/2 c shortening and 3 tbs water (or milk) for 1/2 c butter (also reduces spreading). I added 1/2 tsp almond extract for more flavor. I, too chopped the cherries for cost purposes and there is plenty of cherry throughout! Delicious!
I don't care who's recipe it is,thanks for putting it here. Every time I've made them,they are a hit. They are nice and chewy and a great combination of ingredients.
* Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet.
Chewy Oatmeal Cherry Toffee Crisps
Serving Size: 1/36 of a recipe
Servings Per Recipe: 36
Amount Per Serving
Calories: 181
Calories from Fat: 85
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Jimmy's Hall
This movie, as it happens, smooths out quite a bit of material in order to make its story points and moods conform to that of…
This movie, as it happens, smooths out quite a bit of material in order to make its story points and moods conform to that of…
"Stray Dog" largely succeeds because Granik's technique complements her subject. Both he and the film are modest in their goals and cherish the value of…
"The Ballad of Narayama" is a Japanese film of great beauty and elegant artifice, telling a story of startling cruelty. What a space it opens…
Patrice Leconte's "Monsieur Hire" is a tragedy about loneliness and erotomania, told about two solitary people who have nothing else in common. It involves a…
Nick Allen picks one of his favorite Roger reviews.
An excerpt of Tony Fitzpatrick's column, "Dime Stories," which has its first published compilation in stores this month.
An FFC on recent comments by Michael Eisner.
Nick Allen picks one of his favorite Roger reviews.
An FFC on recent comments by Michael Eisner.
A review of Han Gong-ju from a Far Flung Correspondent.
An obituary for film icon Jerry Weintraub.
A TV review of IFC's "The Spoils Before Dying" and HBO's "7 Days in Hell."
Roger Ebert became film critic of the Chicago Sun-Times in 1967. He is the only film critic with a star on Hollywood Boulevard Walk of Fame and was named honorary life member of the Directors' Guild of America. He won the Lifetime Achievement Award of the Screenwriters' Guild, and honorary degrees from the American Film Institute and the University of Colorado at Boulder. Since 1989 he has hosted Ebertfest, a film festival at the Virginia Theater in Champaign-Urbana. From 1975 until 2006 he, Gene Siskel and Richard Roeper co-hosted a weekly movie review program on national TV. He was Lecturer on Film for the University of Chicago extension program from 1970 until 2006, and recorded shot-by-shot commentaries for the DVDs of "Citizen Kane," "Casablanca," "Floating Weeds" and "Dark City," and has written over 20 books.
Go here for the story in The Daily Telegraph.
Moyers devotes a full program to the way "intelligent design" is being used as a a Horse to smuggle religious fundamentalism into pubic schools. Included here, viewable separately, are his sessions with intellectual Susan Jacoby and with Zack Kopplin, who when he was a Louisiana high school student enlisted the support of Nobel Prize winners in his campaign to draw attention to the practice.
Here's a link to Kopplin's segment, and a full transcript on the issue.
My related blog entry, Win Ben Stein's Mind.
On Thursday morning, February 28, I found CNN featuring a continuous shot of a helicopter. The network cut between a close-up and a distant dot. It was Benedict, flying from the Vatican City. This was extraordinary attention for an ordinary cardinal, because as Benedict told the throng awaiting him, "I am no longer Pope." I am not a scholar of Catholic history, but I believe we were witnessing the first time the Papal throne was vacant while an elected Pope was alive.
Click here for the story: 90 years of history in 90 Time magazine covers.
Three friends make a tribute to my own good friend and inspiration, Jonathan Rosenbaum. They write:
To celebrate a legendary critic's 70th birthday, two critic-filmmakers visit his home to create this intimate video present. Directed by Ignatiy Vishnevetsky. Produced by Kevin B. Lee for Fandor Keyframe. Special thanks to Ben Sachs (unintentionally not in the end credits).
Rosenbaum's Wikipedia entry, with his provocative "Alternative Top 100.
Go here for Rosenbaum's web site.
My Far-Flung Correspondent Anath White in Los Angeles writes me: "Raymond Chandler wrote this wonderful piece for the Atlantic Monthly in March of 1948."
by Omer M. Mozaffar
Note: This entry contains several high-quality embedded videos. It's necessary to give them time to load before attempting to view *any* of them.
Searching for mention of "Amour" on our 2012 PBS program "Ebert Presents at the Movies," I was pointed by Google to one of Chaz's video reports. I remembered liking her video at the time, started noodling through all of her reports, and found myself thinking of my wife's emerging role as a movie critic. For more than 20 years, she's attended virtually every film festival and press screening with me, debated the films, made friends with the people.
Click here to enter this week's contest.
A group of my losing entries, plus my one Winner, and the entry the cartoon editor said online that he liked but it didn't quite clear the bar on New Yorker's taste standards.


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South Africa in Injury Scare Ahead of Qualifiers
Crucial Bafana Bafana players have been ruled out of the squad that will face Central African Republic and Ethiopia due to injuries.
South Africa: Gaxa Joins Dikgacoi, Masilela On the Bafana Bafana Injury List
South African Football Association, 28 May 2013
Kaizer Chiefs defender Siboniso Gaxa has been ruled out of the Bafana Bafana squad to face Lesotho, Central Africa Republic (CAR) and Ethiopia in the upcoming international... read more »
Bafana Bafana players (file photo).
South Africa: Dikgacoi, Masilela Out of Bafana Bafana, Nunes Returns
South African Football Association, 27 May 2013
Midfielder Kagisho Dikgacoi and defender Tsepo Masilela have been withdrawn from the Bafana Bafana squad that will play in the upcoming international friendly match (Lesotho)and... read more »
Bafana Bafana coach Gordon Igesund has named a formidable squad which will do battle against Central African Republic and Ethiopia. Read more »


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Las Brisas applies for wastewater permit
Public comment period opens Thursday
CORPUS CHRISTI - Las Brisas Energy Center has applied for a state wastewater permit, another required regulatory step for the proposed power plant.
The wastewater permit from the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality would allow an average daily flow of about 3.7 million gallons into the Corpus Christi Inner Harbor. Most of the water would come from cooling tower processes.
The permit also includes allowable concentrations of pollutants such as chloride, sulfate and nitrogen.
A comment period opens Thursday with a legal notice published in the Caller-Times. Members of the public can make comments or request a hearing on the permit. The comment period ends after the draft permit is issued or after a public hearing, if there is one.
The environmental agency has said the application is complete, and the next step will be a technical review to ensure it complies with regulations.
Las Brisas is a proposed $3 billion power plant that would be fueled by petroleum coke, a leftover from oil refining. The project has generated heated debate in the community about its economic and environmental impact.
The company has undergone a contentious battle for its air permit, the first required permit for which the company applied. The state held a two-week hearing on the permit in November, and two judges are expected to release their recommendation this month.
The three agency commissioners would then make the final decision on the air permit, which allows pollutants such as nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, sulfur and mercury to be emitted into the air.
The company could start construction when and if it receives the air permit.
Online: http://www10.tceq.state.tx.us/epic/ecmnts/
Mail: Office of the Chief Clerk, MC 105
P.O. Box 13087
Austin, TX 78711-3087
Reference proposed permit No. WQ0004911000
Subscribe to the Caller-Times
Need Help? Call us at 1-800-566-8098.
Monday-Friday: 6am-3pm / Saturday: 7am-11am / Sunday: 7am-11am


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Charlotte, NC Locksmith
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Trusted Full-Service Locksmith
We serve the following areas:
Fort Mill (limited services and by appointment only)
Mint Hill
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Applesauce Pork Loaf
14 Aug 2009
Applesauce Pork Loaf often finds a place in my party menu and is the favorite among my peers. It is the flavors of pork sausage, beaten egg, applesauce and seasonings that make this Applesauce Pork Loaf taste yum. Just check out the recipe of this yummy dish.
|1 , slightly beaten
|Soft bread crumbs
|1 Cup (16 tbs) (1 1/4 Bread Slices)
|Canned applesauce
|8 1⁄2 Ounce (1 Can)
|Chopped onion
|2 Tablespoon (Fresh Or Frozen)
|Dijon style mustard
|2 Teaspoon
|Snipped parsley
|1 Teaspoon
|1⁄4 Teaspoon
|1 Dash
|Pork sausage
|1⁄2 Pound (Bulk)
|Fully cooked ham
|1⁄2 Pound, ground
|Packed brown sugar
|1 Tablespoon
|1 Tablespoon
Preheat oven to 350°.
In bowl combine egg, crumbs, 1/2 cup applesauce, onion, 1 teaspoon mustard, parsley, salt, and pepper.
Add meats; mix well.
Shape into a round loaf 8 inches in diameter in a baking pan.
With a spoon, make a depression in top of the loaf.
Combine the remaining applesauce, brown sugar, vinegar, and remaining mustard; pour into depression.
Bake at 350° for 1 hour.
Makes 4 servings.
Rate It
0 Comments
Applesauce Pork Loaf Recipe


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Originally written on The Nats Blog | Last updated 2/1/13
Throughout the offseason, The Nats Blog will look back at every player's 2012 season to summarize and analyze his performance, and we'll look ahead to his possible role in 2013. We'll go from #1 Steve Lombardozzi all the way to #63 Henry Rodriguez until Spring Training. Enjoy. Craig Stammen got his 2012 job after Mike Rizzo and Davey Johnson saw all they needed from him during his 2011 call up. He showed potential in five long-relief appearances, allowing just one hit and no runs in 8.1 innings that September as he revived his fledgling career. In comparison, the 2009-2010 version of Stammen posted a 5.12 ERA and a 1.404 WHIP in 38 starts, and it looked like he may be going the way of Garrett Mock, which is to say out of the organization and possibly out of baseball. In his rebirth as a reliever, Stammen was able to concentrate on throwing hard and using his two best pitches: a fastball and a devastating slider. His average fastball velocity was up more than two miles per hour since his first season, which is common for a starter turned reliever, but it definitely fueled some of his success. As the 2012 season wore on, Stammen went from a long-reliever and mop up pitcher to a guy that Davey Johnson could occasionally trust in the late innings. His tight, electric slider regularly confounded batters, especially righties. He even earned his first career save in late September on his way to a 2.34 ERA, by far a career best during a full season. All in all, Stammen was an integral part of an extremely talented Nationals bullpen. For Nationals fans of old, there aren't many players from the 2009 roster left on 2012 roster, so it's nice to see someone figure it out from that rag-tag group of players. Many pitchers from that year are no longer even in baseball on the major league level, including guys like J.D. Martin, Shairon Martis, Garrett Mock, and Scott Olsen. Next year: Stammen's primary role will likely remain a long-reliever in 2013 as the Nationals have so much depth in the late innings with the addition of Rafael Soriano this offseason. His 3.45 FIP in 2012 seems to indicate he's due for a regression, though not a big one, and that is still an admirable number. I wouldn't be surprised to see Stammen have another solid season. Next up: #36 Tyler Clippard
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U.S. Politics Events
Congress and the Politics of Aging
September 13, 2005 // 3:00pm — 5:00pm
Congress Project
with Congressman Jim McCrery (R-La.); Congressman Earl Pomeroy (D-ND);Andrea Louise Campbell, MIT; Gail Russell Chaddock, The Christian Science Monitor
Book Discussion: Winning the Oil End Game: Innovations for Profits, Jobs and Security
July 22, 2005 // 10:00am — 11:30am
Africa Program
A Director's Forum discussion with MacArthur Fellow and physicist Amory Lovins, about his recently published book, Winning the Oil Endgame: Innovations for Profits, Jobs and Security.
Freedom: A Power for Environmental Stewardship
June 08, 2005 // 10:00am — 11:00am
Environmental Change and Security Program
Secretary of the Interior Gale Norton says freedom—combined with private property rights and respect for the rule of law—creates an atmosphere conducive to environmental cooperation and security.
Congress and the Politics of Energy Policy
May 16, 2005 // 3:00pm — 5:00pm
Congress Project
with Rep. Edward Markey (D-Mass.); Alex Flint, Majority Staff Director, Senate Energy & Natural Resources Committee; Bruce Oppenheimer - Vanderbilt University; Dan Morgan - The Washington Post
Congress and Education Policy: ESEA at 40
March 15, 2005 // 2:00pm — 4:00pm
Congress Project
with Representative Mike Castle (R-Del.), chairman, House Subcommittee on Education Reform;The Honorable Rod Paige, former Secretary of Education; Former Rep. John Brademas (D-Ind.), former House Education Subcommittee chair; Elizabeth DeBray, Assistant Professor of Education, University of Georgia
Live Webcast: The Republican Revolution at 10: Lasting Legacy or Faded Vision?
January 24, 2005 // 2:00pm — 4:00pm
Congress Project
In 1995, Republicans took over both houses of Congress for the first time in 40 years, promising a new policy agenda for the nation and no more "politics as usual" in our nation's capital. How have the promises and peformance of the Republican Revolution played out over the last decade? Former House Speaker Newt Gingrich, architect of the Contract with America assessed the past 10 years in Congress from the perspective of revoutionary ideals and governing realities, and former Democratic Caucus Chairman Vic Fazio offered a minority party perspective on the decade. The video and transcript of this event is available here.
The Next Agenda: AIDS and the Way Forward
November 30, 2004 // 9:00am — 10:30am
Environmental Change and Security Program
A briefing featuring Dr. Peter Piot, Executive Director, UNAIDS; and Randall Tobias, U.S. Global AIDS Coordinator.
Live Webcast: The Presidential Election & Congressional Agenda: Mandate for Change or More of the Same?
November 22, 2004 // 2:30pm — 4:30pm
Congress Project
Speakers: Lee Rawls, Chief of Staff for Senate Majority Leader Bill Frist (R-Tenn.);Burns Strider, Policy Advisor for House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.);Colleen Shogan, Assistant Professor of Government, George Mason University;Charles Babington, Political Reporter, The Washington Post
The World's Water: The Biennial Report on Freshwater Resources 2004-2005
November 16, 2004 // 11:00pm
Environmental Change and Security Program
Peter H. Gleick launches his latest publication, and argues for U.S. leadership, both internationally and domestically, to address the world's water crisis.
The Making of Environmental Law: Past, Present, and Future
September 28, 2004 // 12:00am
Environmental Change and Security Program
Three pioneers of the environmental movement, Russell E. Train, James Gustave Speth, and Richard Lazarus, discuss the past, present, and future of environmental law.


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For an unforgettable romantic getaway, Running Waters treehouse hangs 30 feet above the French Broad River. Enjoy a peaceful night's sleep on your queen-sized pillow-top mattress, and awake to the ripple of the ancient river below. Private picnic area and grill.
and now...we have a TREEHOUSE FOR RENT!
on the French Broad River
We offer a combo paddle/zip trip in conjunction with Headwaters Outfitters. Arrive by canoe or kayak and finish your paddle after you zip.
Your zip trip takes place in the oldest mountains in the world, the Appalachians, and alongside the French Broad River, one of the oldest rivers in the world. Our canopy tour begins at the top of our mountain and culminates with two zips over water - one over the East Fork River and the other over the French Broad River.


text: J.W-monday By John Williams January 23, 2012 2:19 PM Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Category: Share on Facebook Share on Twitter More Leave a comment Send to a friend! Print this page Pin it! Reddit This! Share on Tumblr! Best of Power 95.9 Teazur Rocks The Stage Saturday Night LifeShare Blood Center Needs Your Blood Cool Summertime Hacks [VIDEO] Show a License to Carry Weapon to get Free Food [POLL] Recommended For You Best of the Web


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BitDefender RescueCD
Author: Bitdefender
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Size: 643 MB
License: Freeware
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