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A system and method for coating implantable medical devices so that they do not interfere with MR imaging are described. Using any of the coating processes well known to those skilled in the art, e.g., physical vapor deposition such as evaporation, sputtering, or cathode arc, or chemical vapor deposition, spraying, plasma polymerization, plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition and the like, multiple sources, including at least one source of an electrically insulating material and at least one source of an electrically conducting material, are oriented and shielded so as to coat separate sections of the implantable medical device. The object being coated is then rotated so that overlapping spiral coatings of the materials from the different coating sources are produced on the object.
1. A system for coating a medical device for use within a subject so that the device is capable of being imaged using magnetic resonance, the system comprising:
a medical device;
a source of an electrically conducting material positioned to coat at least a portion of the medical device;
a source of an electrically insulating material positioned to coat at least a portion of the medical device;
at least one shield isolating the electrically conducting material from the electrically insulating material; and
a device for rotating the medical device relative to the conducting material and the insulating material.
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14. A method for coating a medical device for use within a subject so that the device is capable of being imaged using magnetic resonance, the method comprising:
positioning a source of an electrically conducting material to coat at least a portion of a medical device;
positioning a source of an electrically insulating material to coat at least a portion of the medical device;
shielding the electrically conducting material from the electrically insulating material; and
rotating the medical device relative to the electrically conducting material and the electrically insulating material.
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coating the medical device with an electrically insulating material; and
coating the medical device with an electrically conducting material.
29. The method of
This utility patent application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/682,734, filed on May 19, 2005, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein for any and all purposes.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is extensively used to non-invasively diagnose patient medical problems. The patient is positioned in the aperture of a large annular magnet that produces a strong and static magnetic field. The spins of the atomic nuclei of the patient's tissue molecules are aligned by the strong static magnetic field. Radio frequency pulses are then applied in a plane perpendicular to the static magnetic field lines so as to cause some of the hydrogen nuclei to change alignment. The frequency of the radio wave pulses used is governed by the Larmor Equation. Magnetic field gradients are then applied in 3 orthogonal directions to allow encoding of the position of the atoms. At the end of the radio frequency pulse the nuclei return to their original configuration and, as they do so, they release radio frequency energy, which can be picked up by coils surrounding the patient. These signals are recorded and the resulting data are processed by a computer to generate an image of the tissue. Thus, the examined tissue can be seen with its quite detailed anatomical features. In clinical practice, MRI is used to distinguish pathologic tissue such as a brain tumor from normal tissue.
The technique most frequently relies on the relaxation properties of magnetically excited hydrogen nuclei in water. The sample is briefly exposed to a burst of radiofrequency energy, which in the presence of a magnetic field puts the nuclei in an elevated energy state. As the molecules undergo their normal, microscopic tumbling, they shed this energy to their surroundings in a process referred to as "relaxation." Molecules free to tumble more rapidly relax more rapidly.
T1-weighted MRI scans rely on relaxation in the longitudinal plane, and T2 weighted MRI scans rely on relaxation in the transverse plane. Differences in relaxation rates are the basis of MRI images—for example, the water molecules in blood are free to tumble more rapidly, and hence, relax at a different rate than water molecules in other tissues. Different scan sequences allow different tissue types and pathologies to be highlighted.
MRI allows manipulation of spins in many different ways, each yielding a specific type of image contrast and information. With the same machine a variety of scans can be made and a typical MRI examination consists of several such scans.
One of the advantages of a MRI scan is that, according to current medical knowledge, it is harmless to the patient. It only utilizes strong magnetic fields and non-ionizing radiation in the radio frequency range. Compare this to CT scans and traditional X-rays which involve doses of ionizing radiation. It must be noted, however, that the presence of a ferromagnetic foreign body (say, shell fragments) in the patient, or a metallic implant (like surgical prostheses, or pacemakers) can present a (relative or absolute) contraindication towards MRI scanning: interaction of the magnetic and radiofrequency fields with such an object can lead to mechanical or thermal injury, or failure of an implanted device.
Even if implanted medical devices pose no danger to the patient, they may prevent a useful MR image from being obtained, due to their perturbation of the static, gradient and/or radio frequency pulsed magnetic fields and/or the response signal from the imaged tissue. Examples of problems encountered when attempting to use MRI to image tissue adjacent to implanted medical devices are discussed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,712,844, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference into this specification. U.S. Pat. No. 6,712,844 states "While researching heart problems, it was found that all the currently used metal stents distorted the magnetic resonance images. As a result, it was impossible to study the blood flow in the stents which were placed inside blood vessels and the area directly around the stents for determining tissue response to different stents in the heart region." U.S. Pat. No. 6,712,844 goes on to state "It was found that metal of the stents distorted the magnetic resonance images of blood vessels. The quality of the medical diagnosis depends on the quality of the MRI images. A proper shift of the spins of protons in different tissues produces high quality MRI images. The spin of the protons is influenced by radio frequency (RF) pulses, which are blocked by eddy currents circulating at the surface of the wall of the stent. The RF pulses are not capable of penetrating the conventional metal stents. Similarly, if the eddy currents reduce the amplitudes of the radio frequency pulses, the RF pulses will lose their ability to influence the spins of the protons. The signal-to-noise ratio becomes too low to produce any quality images inside the stent. The high level of noise to signal is proportional to the eddy current magnitude, which depends on the amount and conductivity of the stent in which the eddy currents are induced and the magnitude of the pulsed field."
The currents induced in implanted metallic stents, and other devices, by the incident radio frequency radiation in the MRI field create, according to Lenz's law, magnetic fields that oppose the change of the magnetic fields of the incident radiation, thereby distorting and/or reducing the contrast of the resulting image.
Examples of attempts to improve the images in and around stents in MRI by incorporating resonance circuits with the stents are found, i.e., in U.S. Pat. No. 6,280,385 ("Stent and MR Imaging Process for the Imaging and the Determination of the Position of a Stent") and U.S. Pat. No. 6,767,360 ("Vascular Stent with Composite Structure for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Capabilities"). The entire disclosure of each of these United States patents is hereby incorporated by reference into this specification.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,280,385 states in column 3, lines 29-44: "These and other objects are achieved by the present invention, which comprises a stent which is to be introduced into the examination object. The stent is provided with an integrated resonance circuit, which induces a changed response signal in a locally defined area in or around the stent that is imaged by spatial resolution. The resonance frequency is essentially equal to the resonance frequency of the applied high-frequency radiation of the magnetic resonance imaging system. Since that area is immediately adjacent to the stent (either inside or outside thereof), the position of the stent is clearly recognizable in the correspondingly enhanced area in the magnetic resonance image. Because a changed signal response of the examined object is induced by itself, only those artifacts can appear that are produced by the material of the stent itself." claim 1 in column 12 of U.S. Pat. No. 6,280,385 claims: "1. A magnetic resonance imaging process for the imaging and determination of the position of a stent introduced into an examination object, the process comprising the steps of: placing the examination object in a magnetic field, the examination object having a stent with at least one passive resonance circuit disposed therein; applying high-frequency radiation of a specific resonance frequency to the examination object such that transitions between spin energy levels of atomic nuclei of the examination object are excited; and detecting magnetic resonance signals thus produced as signal responses by a receiving coil and imaging the detected signal responses; wherein, in a locally defined area proximate the stent, a changed signal response is produced by the at least one passive resonance circuit of the stent, the passive resonance circuit comprising an inductor and a capacitor forming a closed-loop coil arrangement such that the resonance frequency of the passive resonance circuit is essentially equal to the resonance frequency of the applied high-frequency radiation and such that the area is imaged using the changed signal response."
U.S. Pat. No. 6,767,360 states in column 2, lines 29-39: "Imaging procedures using MRI without need for contrast dye are emerging in the practice. But a current considerable factor weighing against the use of magnetic resonance imaging techniques to visualize implanted stents composed of ferromagnetic or electrically conductive materials is the inhibiting effect of such materials. These materials cause sufficient distortion of the magnetic resonance field to preclude imaging the interior of the stent. This effect is attributable to their Faraday physical properties in relation to the electromagnetic energy applied during the MRI process." U.S. Pat. No. 6,767,360 further states in column 2, lines 50-64: "In German application 197 46 735.0, which was filed as international patent application PCT/DE98/03045, published Apr. 22, 1999 as WO 99/19738, Melzer et al (Melzer, or the 99/19738 publication) disclose an MRI process for representing and determining the position of a stent, in which the stent has at least one passive oscillating circuit with an inductor and a capacitor. According to Melzer, the resonance frequency of this circuit substantially corresponds to the resonance frequency of the injected high-frequency radiation from the magnetic resonance system, so that in a locally limited area situated inside or around the stent, a modified signal answer is generated which is represented with spatial resolution. However, the Melzer solution lacks a suitable integration of an LC circuit within the stent."
Claims 1 and 2 in column 9 of U.S. Pat. No. 6,767,360 claim: "1. A stent adapted to be implanted in a duct of a human body to maintain an open lumen at the implant site, and to allow viewing body properties outside and within the implanted stent by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) energy applied external to the body, said stent comprising a metal scaffold, and an electrical circuit resonant at the resonance frequency of said MRI energy integral with said scaffold. 2. A stent adapted to be implanted in a duct of a human body to maintain an open lumen at the implant site, said stent comprising a tubular scaffold of low ferromagnetic metal, and an inductance-capacitance (LC) circuit integral with said scaffold, said LC circuit being geometrically structured in combination with said scaffold to be resonant at the resonance frequency of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) energy to be applied to said body to enable MRI viewing of body tissue and fluid within the lumen of the stent when implanted and subjected to said MRI energy."
WO 02/085216 A1, which is incorporated herein by reference, recognizes the need for enhanced imaging in the vicinity of a biopsy needle or other interventional medical device. However, the inventors address that need by describing an antenna that is inserted into the examination object to receive signals from the excited protons. The antenna is connected through a coaxial cable to circuitry external to the examination object. U.S. Pat. No. 5,447,156 describes an "RF transmitter means attached to (an) RF coil within the MR-active invasive device for transmitting RF energy into said subject of a selected duration, amplitude and frequency to cause nutation of a second selected ensemble of spins." Both of these inventions require signals to be coupled either into or out of the examination device to improve the image quality.
U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/132,469 titled "Device Compatible with Magnetic Resonance Imaging" describes "a plurality of coated layers . . . disposed on an implanted device. The material and electrical parameters of the coated layers are chosen and the geometry of the coated layers is arranged so that incident electromagnetic radiation induces currents in the coated layers that have a predetermined phase and amplitude relationship with the current induced in the implanted device." The Application further describes the use of a two-layer structure coated in a spiral pattern to achieve this.
In addition to achieving the proper electrical characteristics, the coatings must be able to withstand the significant stresses that biomedical devices must undergo in use. For example, stents are often made of an alloy of nickel and titanium, known as Nitinol. The unusual super-elastic and shape memory properties of Nitinol are well-known and are the result of the fact that Nitinol undergoes a transformation from a martensitic phase to an austenitic phase as a consequence of temperature changes or stress. In fact, Nitinol must often undergo strains of up to approximately 8% when use in medical devices. Therefore, in order to perform any coating applied to such devices must also be able to undergo similar strains, which presents a significant challenge.
A system for coating a medical device for use within a subject so that the device is capable of being imaged using magnetic resonance, the system comprises a medical device; a source of an electrically conducting material positioned to coat at least a portion of the medical device; a source of an electrically insulating material positioned to coat at least a portion of the medical device; at least one shield isolating the electrically conducting material from the electrically insulating material; and a device for rotating the medical device relative to the conducting material and the insulating material.
A method for coating a medical device for use within a subject so that the device is capable of being imaged using magnetic resonance, the method comprises positioning a source of an electrically conducting material to coat at least a portion of a medical device; positioning a source of an electrically insulating material to coat at least a portion of the medical device; shielding the electrically conducting material from the electrically insulating material; and rotating the medical device relative to the electrically conducting material and the electrically insulating material.
In the detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention presented below, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, in some of which the relative relationships of the various components are illustrated, it being understood that orientation of the apparatus may be modified. For clarity of understanding of the drawings, relative proportions depicted or indicated of the various elements of which disclosed members are comprised may not be representative of the actual proportions, and some of the dimensions may be selectively exaggerated.
FIGS. 1A-C are schematic diagrams of stents.
A stent is an expandable tubular mesh structure that is inserted into a lumen structure of the body to keep it open. Stents are used in diverse structures in the body such as the esophagus, trachea, blood vessels, and the like. Prior to use, a stent is collapsed to a small diameter. When brought into place it is expanded either by using an inflatable balloon or is self-expending due to the elasticity of the material. Once expanded the stent is held in place by its own material strength. Stents are usually inserted by endoscopy or other procedures less invasive than a surgical operation. Stents are typically metallic, for example, stainless steel, alloys of nickel and titanium, or the like and are therefore electrically conducting.
It should be apparent from the above description of the stents depicted in
While stents as illustrated in
When either of stents 100 or 150 is implanted in a subject and placed in a MRI field, the varying magnetic field of the MRI gradient and radio frequency imaging radiation will induce currents in the conducting tubular mesh structure of stent 100 or 150. As described above, many closed loop conducting paths exist in stent 100 or 150 in which such induced currents could flow. Such induced currents produce, via Lenz's law, varying magnetic fields that oppose the varying magnetic fields of the incident RF radiation, thereby distorting and/or reducing the contrast of the resulting magnetic resonance image. For the sake of simplicity, in the following detailed description of the invention, the embodiments of the invention will be described in terms of coatings disposed on a single conducting circular ring. The single conducting circular ring will serve as a surrogate for any of the closed loop conducting paths in stents 100 or 150 as described above.
While the embodiments of the invention will be described in terms of coatings disposed on a single conducting circular ring, it will be obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art that such embodiments can be extended to the structure of stent 100 or 150 in
Other preferred embodiments are coatings on devices other than stents, such as catheters, guidewires and the like, to provide markers that enhance their visibility in an MRI image and to improve the image quality in a specific location. A medical device with a coating that resonates at the applied RF imaging radiation frequency, typically approximately 64 or 128 MHz, would cause the oscillating magnetic field in the region of the coating to have a greater strength than the oscillating field elsewhere. This increased field strength will cause the tissue in the vicinity of the coating to have a greater number of excited spins, resulting in a greater image strength in that location. That will make the coating easy to see and serve as a marker for its location, which would aid in locating the device within the examination object.
In addition, the increased oscillating field strength in the vicinity of the inventive coating will cause the net magnetization of the spins in that region to have a greater transverse component (become more perpendicular to the applied static field) than in other regions. Such an increase in transverse magnetization, or increased flip angle as it is sometimes called, is known to improve the signal to noise ratio (SNR) in MRI. Therefore, by manipulating a device with the inventive coating into a position within the examination object where greater detail is desired, the coating can be used to improve the image quality in areas that are of particular interest or importance. The coating can be applied to an object with a solid core, so that the region external to the coating is visible, or it can be applied to a hollow tube, in which case the region within the tube may also be imaged.
One embodiment of a medical device made according to the present invention is the coated ring assembly depicted schematically in
When coated ring assembly 200 is placed in a MRI field, the RF imaging radiation of the MRI field will induce currents in conducting ring 210. As discussed above, such induced currents in ring 210 produce induced RF magnetic fields that oppose the incident MRI RF magnetic fields that produced the induced currents and, as a result, distort or even obliterate the MR images. However, in response to the RF imaging radiation currents will also be induced in conducting layer 230 and displacement currents will be produced across the insulating layer 240. The result is that interleaved spiral layers 230 and 240 respond electrically as an RLC circuit. As described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/132,469, incorporated herein by reference for any and all purposes, it is believed that layers 220, 230, and 240 may be modeled as an equivalent, inductively coupled, RLC circuit driven by the incident RF imaging radiation of the MRI field. The equivalent values of R, L, and C will determine the phase and amplitude relationship between the currents induced in layers 230 and 240 and the current induced in the ring 210.
As further described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/132,469, in one embodiment, it is desired that the current induced in the combination of layers 230 and 240 be nearly in phase with, and nearly the same amplitude as, the current induced in the ring 210. In another embodiment it is desired that the current induced in the combination of layers 230 and 240 be out of phase and differ in amplitude, by predetermined amounts, with the current induced in the ring 210. The phase and amplitude relationship between the currents induced in the combination of layers 230 and 240 and the current induced in the ring 210 depends upon the relationship of the frequency of the RF imaging radiation to the resonant frequency of the equivalent RLC circuit of the coated ring assembly 200.
In some applications, such as a marker or to enhance the SNR of the local image, it may be useful to deposit the inventive spiral coating on an electrically insulating substrate such as a ceramic or a polymer. For example, catheters are often made of polymers. In such cases the electrical response of the coated object will be due entirely to the inductance, capacitance and resistance of the coating. If the substrate 210 in
The two-material spiral coatings in
The substrate 56 to be coated is located between sources 52 and 54 and is rotated continuously during the coating process. Shields 58 are located so as to prevent the material from source 52 from mixing with the material from source 54. Masks 60 may be used to restrict the coatings from either or both sources 52 and 54 to certain regions of substrate 56 in a method well known in the art. Those regions may be different for sources 52 and 54.
Without wishing to be bound by any particular theory, applicant has analyzed the two-material spiral coating represented in
Ampere's Law states that the line integral of the magnetic field around any closed path is equal to a constant times the current the path encloses, or
If we have a long cylindrical conductor carrying an azimuthal sheet of current I, neglecting end effects the magnetic field B is constant inside and zero outside. If the length of the cylinder is d, by integrating around a closed path that encloses the current sheet Ampere's law becomes
The flux through the cylinder φ is BA, where A is the area of the cylinder. Therefore,
The self-inductance of the sheet L is φ/I, so
Assume that the sheet is cut along its length and allowed to overlap by a width w and that the overlapped ends are separated by a dielectric material of thickness t and relative dielectric constant εr, as shown in
Therefore, the LC constant of the overlapped sheet is approximately
where D is the diameter of the sheet. Tn order for this coating to resonate at a frequency f,
For example, for a resonant frequency of 64 MHz and a relative dielectric constant εr of 3, this becomes
The plot below shows the overlap width in mm for resonance at 64 MHz as a function of the dielectric thickness given a relative dielectric constant of 3. The results for three sheet diameters, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 cm, are shown.
As the length of the cylinder becomes less, the assumptions leading to these results break down. If the length becomes much less than the diameter, the sheet becomes a ring of current. In this case, the Biot-Savart law can be used to estimate the flux through the loop for a given current I.
For a closed loop carrying a current I, the contribution to the magnetic field at any point due to an infinitesimal segment of the loop is given by
The relationship is L=KD, where the constant K is 5�10−6 H/m. In keeping with the previous calculations, we will let d be the width of the ring. Therefore, if the overlap width is w before, the overlap area will be wd. For resonance at 64 MHz,
LC=6.2�10−18 s 2
Combining this with the expression for the capacitance,
For a relative dielectric constant of 3, this becomes
The plot below shows the overlap width for resonance at 64 MHz as a function of dielectric thickness for a relative dielectric constant of 3. The results for three ring diameters are shown.
We can see that there are quantitative differences between the ring and sheet results, but they are in good qualitative agreement.
To test the actual performance of a spiral coating as shown in
The two materials were simultaneously deposited while the substrate was rotated through 290 degrees and the resulting value for the overlap width w was approximately 1.8 mm. The resonant frequency of the coating was measured using an impedance analyzer in a method well known to those skilled in the art and the resulting pick-up coil signal amplitude as a function of frequency is shown in
In order to allow the coatings to accommodate the large strains in use mentioned earlier, it may be advantageous to use polymeric insulating layers, which are generally more flexible than inorganic insulating materials. Moreover, some of these materials, such as parylene, are already used to coat medical devices for other purposes. And in order to allow the conducting layer to accommodate the strains, it may be possible to deposit Nitinol with the same properties as the underlying device. Alternatively, as described in published US Patent Applications 20060015026 and 20060004466, both of which are incorporated herein by reference, for any and all purposes, we have found that by depositing porous layers of electrically conducting materials the resulting coatings can undergo the large strains produced in the use of such implantable devices without delamination.
The process disclosed above has been described in one preferred embodiment in which the process is used to produce coatings on devices that may be implanted in biological organisms. However it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the process can also be used to coat other objects such as discrete electronic circuit components, objects requiring shielding from electromagnetic radiation, antennas for radiating and so on.
As previously discussed, the coated ring assembly embodiments disclosed above in
Additionally, it should be obvious to those skilled in the art that the coated layer embodiments described in terms of coatings disposed on a single conducting circular ring may also be extended to any device comprised of a conducting substrate with one or more holes therein, wherein electromagnetic radiation is incident on the device.
Some of the conducting materials that may be used for the top-most conducting layers in all of the coated layer embodiments disclosed above in this specification may be incompatible with the biological tissues in which the coated devices are implanted. If the top-most conducting layer is incompatible with the biological tissue in which the coated device is implanted, the device will be coated with a final insulating layer, which isolates the top-most conducting layer from the biological tissue in which the device is implanted. Such a final coated layer is not shown in any of the figures of embodiments as described above, but it should be understood that those embodiments will additionally comprise such a final coated layer when required for compatibility of the implanted device with the surrounding biological tissue. Such a final insulating coated layer will not affect the advantageous affect of the underlying coated layers.
Although the present invention has been described in considerable detail with reference to certain preferred versions thereof, other versions are possible. For example, multiple sources of electrically conducting material and/or multiple sources of electrically insulating materials may be a part of a system according to the invention. Therefore, the spirit and scope of the appended claims should not be limited to the description of the preferred versions contained herein.
All features disclosed in the specification, including the claims, abstract, and drawings, and all the steps in any method or process disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations where at least some of such features and/or steps are mutually exclusive. Each feature disclosed in the specification, including the claims, abstract, and drawings, can be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise. Thus, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature disclosed is one example only of a generic series of equivalent or similar features.
Any element in a claim that does not explicitly state "means" for performing a specified function or "step" for performing a specified function should not be interpreted as a "means" or "step" clause as specified in 35 U.S.C. � 112.
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Whether you first come upon the Valle dei Templi (Valley of the Temples) in the early morning light, bathed by golden floodlights at night, or at its very best in February, when the valley is awash in the fragrant blossoms of thousands of almond trees, it's easy to see why Akragas (Agrigento's first name, under Greek rule) was celebrated by the Greek poet Pindar as "the most beautiful city built by mortals." One ticket covers all temples, and none of the plaques is particularly helpful.
Though getting to, from, and around the dusty ruins of the Valle dei Templi is no great hassle, this important archaeological zone deserves several hours. The site, which opens at 8:30 am, is divided into western and eastern sections. For instant aesthetic gratification, walk through the eastern zone; for a more comprehensive tour, start way out at the western end and work your way back uphill.
The temples are a bit spread out, but the valley is all completely walkable and generally toured
on foot. However, since there's only one hotel (Villa Athena) that's close enough to walk to the ruins, you'll most likely have to drive to reach the site. Parking is at the bottom of the hill, a distance of 2 km (1 mile) from the furthest temple. There are shuttle taxis (€10, not included in the price of entrance) that will drop you at the highest point of the valley, meaning that you walk back downhill, or you can walk all the way, taking in the temples at your leisure as you go.
The eight pillars of the Tempio di Ercole (Temple of Hercules) make up Agrigento's oldest temple complex, dating from the 6th century BC. Partially reconstructed in 1922, it reveals the remains of a large Doric temple that originally had 38 columns. Like all the area temples, it faces east. The Museo Archeologico Nazionale contains some of the marble warrior figures that once decorated its pediment.
The beautiful Tempio della Concordia (Temple of Concord), up the hill from the Temple of Hercules, is perhaps the best-preserved Greek temple in existence. The structure dates from about 430 BC, and owes its exceptional state of preservation to the fact that it was converted into a Christian church in the 6th century and was extensively restored in the 18th. Thirty-two Doric columns surround its large interior, and everything but the roof and treasury are still standing. For preservation, this temple is blocked off to the public, but you can still get close enough to appreciate how well it's withstood the past 2,400 years.
The Tempio di Giunone (Temple of Juno), east on the Via Sacra from the Temple of Concord, commands an exquisite view of the valley, especially at sunset. It's similar to but smaller than the Concordia and dates from about 450 BC. Traces of a fire that probably occurred during the Carthaginian attack in 406 BC, which destroyed the ancient town, can be seen on the walls of the cellar. Thirty of the original 34 columns still stand, of which 16 still retain their capitals.
Though never completed, the Tempio di Giove (Temple of Jupiter) was considered the eighth wonder of the world. It was probably built in gratitude for victory over Carthage and was constructed by prisoners captured in that war. Basically Doric in style, it didn't have the usual colonnade of freestanding columns but rather a series of half columns attached to a solid wall. Inside the excavation you can see a cast (not the original) of one of the 38 colossal Atlas-like figures, or telamones, that supported the temple's massive roof. This design is unique among known Doric temples, and with a length of more than 330 feet the building was once the biggest of the Akragas temples and one of the largest temples in the Greek world.
The Tempio di Castore e Polluce (Temple of Castor and Pollux) is a troublesome reconstruction of a 5th-century BC temple. It was pieced together by some enthusiastic if misguided 19th-century romantics, who, in 1836, haphazardly put together elements from diverse buildings. Ironically, the four gently crumbling columns supporting part of an entablature of the temple have become emblematic of Agrigento.
Right opposite the Temple of Castor and Pollux, facing north, the Santuario delle Divinità Ctonie (Sanctuary of the Chthonic Divinities) has cultic altars and eight small temples dedicated to Demeter, Persephone, and other underworld deities. In the vicinity are two columns of a temple dedicated to Hephaestus (Vulcan).
To the left of the Temple of Concord is a Paleochristian necropolis. Early-Christian tombs were both cut into the rock and dug into underground catacombs. At the end of Via dei Templi, where it turns left and becomes Via Petrarca, stands the Museo Archeologico Nazionale (Contrada San Nicola, 0922/401565 €8, €13.50 including temples Tues.–Sat. 9–7, Sun. and Mon. 9–1). An impressive collection of antiquities from the site includes vases, votives, everyday objects, weapons, statues, and models of the temples. Visit the museum after you've seen the temples.
The Hellenistic and Roman Quarter, across the road from the archaeological museum, consists of four parallel streets, running north–south, that have been uncovered, along with the foundations of some houses from the Roman settlement (2nd century BC). Some of these streets still have their original mosaic pavements.
Zona Archeologica, Via dei Templi, Agrigento, Sicily, Italy
0922-621620; 0922-621657
Website: www.valledeitempli.it
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LEXINGTON, KY - JANUARY 22: Rajon Rondo #4 of Kentucky shoots the ball around the reach of Glen Davis #34 of LSU during the game on January 22, 2005 at Rupp Arena in Lexington, Kentucky. Kentucky won 89-58. (Photo by Andy Lyons/Getty Images)
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Every morning, we compile the links of the day and dump them here… highlighting the big storyline. Because there's nothing quite as satisfying as a good morning dump. Changing people is not easy, though. Perhaps the Celtics would be able to "figure out" Cousins and help him tap his vast potential. That does not mean Rondo is a puzzle they have solved. The Celtics have done their level best, but managing a sensitive situation is a bit different then working a miracle. NESN: Rajon Rondo Still a Puzzle Celtics Are Trying to Solve, Not Proof Team Would Reform DeMarcus Cousins Successfully- Ben Watanbe The Boston Celtics and their fanbase seem to have a never ending love affair for Demarcus Cousins. For the past two seasons rumors have emerged that the Celtics were the "leading candidates" "extremely interested" "the most likely destination" and any other trade season cliche you can expect to hear during this increasingly annoying period of the season. The Celtics are often thought to b...
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Would you deal the Reds best pitching prospect Homer Bailey in a deal to Florida for LHP Dontrelle Willis?
If the Reds offered a packaged deal of Denorfia, Bailey and Coffey for Willis, would you do it knowing that a big three of Willis, Arroyo and Harang would give the Reds its best starting staff in recent years.
Just want to hear your opinions.


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The Savory
The Fumble
Obsessed with all things Hollywood
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The Lowdown
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Model-turned-actor Siddharth Malhotra, who displayed his chiselled physique in his debut film "Student Of The Year", says he hit the field for some football to burn any extra calories, other than eating in a healthy way.
"I'm a true sports lover. I have been in love with football since my childhood. I also prefer the game rather than working in a closed environment of a gym. I used to participate in inter-college matches while I was in college," said Siddharth.
Even in "Student Of The Year", Siddharth was seen playing football, and indulging in other sports-based activities.
"Sports teach you a lot about life in general," he said.
Siddharth, who started as a model in Delhi, says he prefers home-cooked food.
"I follow a simple diet consisting of organic and home-cooked food with less artificial products and sugar. My meals are high in protein and I also drink a lot of water and also eat at regular intervals."
The actor admits it can be daunting to maintain six-packs the whole year round, and said: "It requires a change of lifestyle with regular workouts and strict dieting. But with correct guidance, it is not impossible."
His next film is titled "The Villain".
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love you sid...waiting eagerly for your next movie
Yeahh!!Highly Impressedd!!
Thats what i said!!
Sidharth Malhotra Ur freaking perfect :* :* :*
None like you!!
See Ur sooo very good that some people are soo jealous of you and your success..
Insulting themselves in front of everyone and nothing else :P
God bless you Sidharth :*
love u siddharth malhotra...!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Haha even Evil couldn't resist!
wow tht nice i m also football lover
You are wonderful Sid! Sometimes jealousy speaks and people may bash thrash, but don't get disheartened. You are simply awesome! Wish you a fantastic carrier ahead! Good luck!
wohhooo dislikes for my previous comment from sid fans, so what i said abt him was indeed correct.
he is nothing but a panauti stamped by KJO. SOTY was bound to become a success becoz kjo always make hit movies. i am sure he will fizzle out when he stars on his own.
he's awesome on the ramp!!! great personality and complete command over your own self!!!
Edited on:23 March 2013 at 12:08am
Siddharth Malhotra you rock!
Sidharth Malhotra leaves Ranveer Singh and Varun Dhawan behind 6
Varun Dhawan and Sidharth Malhotra will be seen coming together in an ... 3


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Results 1 to 4 of 4
Thread: Oil painting illustrations dump
October 12th, 2007 #1
Oil painting illustrations dump
It's been a while so here's a bit of a painting dump.
I'm still building my new illustration portfolio after making the switch from digital. I've got a bit of a steady gig w/ this gallery rep that demands all these skinny white girls in turn of the century environments with no faces. It barely pays the rent and is quite limiting but helps my technique/speed. Meanwhile i'm working on the stuff i wanna really pursue, building clients and talking to a rep. I apologize for all the single figure and girls. I'm working on a Radiohead piece that should be a bit more dynamic.
This freelance illustration game is no easy one but can be quite rewarding.
"PJ On Piano"
an illustration of PJ Harvey for DIW Magazine
Oil on Panel
12 x 16
Good Times For A Change
16 x 20
oil on panel
See I've Already Waited Too Long
16 x 20
oil on panel
We're Like Crystal
14 x 18
oil on panel
Sarah Silverman, 'Dirty's Girl In Her Dirty World'
9 x 12
oil on panel
Space Race, Editorial,
9 x 12
oil on panel
Last edited by Tristan; November 3rd, 2009 at 05:24 PM.
Hide this ad by registering as a memberOctober 12th, 2007 #2
The PJ Harvey piece is really strong.
Be careful of your edges, and don't be afraid to really get some paint on there.
You, me and T. Schane should form some sort of club.
Tristan Elwell
**Finished Work Thread **Process Thread **Edges Tutorial
Crash Course for Artists, Illustrators, and Cartoonists, NYC, the 2013 Edition!
"Work is more fun than fun."
-John Cale
"Art is supposed to punch you in the brain, and it's supposed to stay punched."
-Marc Maron
October 12th, 2007 #3
haha awesome! I work ultra thin with "glazes." I use quotes because after poking around on the internet i'm learning people have different definitions of what proper glazing is. I learned most of what i do now from Shawn Barber at Ringling, experience and e-mailing painters I admire.
I'm finding as my confidence ans speed grows i get a little thicker with my strokes.
The PJ piece is the latest. I just mailed it off to the SoI competition. It has a marriage of the freedom i get from editorial illustration with the "figure in environment" that i learned from gallery gigs.
You've been a long favourite of mine and even more so when i started oil painting my illustrations. You lose a point for trying to steal my name though.
Do you mind if I e-mail you for crits and questions?
November 3rd, 2009 #4
New oil painted illustrations
Long time no post.
I've moved to New York and I'm bulking up the portfolio. It's amazing the talented artists one gets to meet in person living here. I look forward to showcasing my work and an active member of CA.
"Alas, I knew him!"
An illustration of Sam Worthington from the movie Terminator Salvation
oil on board
11" x 14"
"Head Above Water"
An album cover for the band, Gravehaven.
oil on panel
14" x 18"
"Its Never Too Late: Spicy Pumpkin Latte"
an advertisement illustration for a late night seasonal beverage; hot spicy pumpkin latte.
oil on Strathmore 500 series illustration board
14" x 18"
"We Are Fragile"
a wrap around album cover for the band, Isle Of Thieves.
oil on Strathmore 500 series illustration board
14" x 20"


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Several government ministers were among thousands who marched in support of settlement building in a corridor connecting eastern Jerusalem and the West Bank.
The demonstrators, who marched to the controversial E1 corridor from the West Bank settlement of Maale Adumim, were protesting the current U.S.-brokered Israeli-Palestinian peace negotiations. They included Housing and Construction Minister Uri Ariel, who asserted that plans for E1 construction would continue, despite the peace process.
Zeev Elkin, Danny Danon, Yariv Levin and Tzipi Hotovely — all members of Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's Likud party — also attended the rally.
"Our message to the prime minister is don't be afraid to build because it angers the U.S.," Hotovely said. "We are here because this is our land."
The Palestinians claim that building in the E1 corridor would cut off Jerusalem from the rest of the West Bank, break up the territorial contiguity of a future Palestinian state and sound the death knell to a two-state solution.
In November, Netanyahu canceled a tender for 1,200 housing units in the corridor. The tender was part of 20,000 housing units to be constructed in the West Bank that were announced the previous day by Israel's Housing Ministry.
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Toni Morrison's Sula is a novel that has a theme about the nature of evil. The story follows the lives of two black female friends who present differing views on evil. On one hand, we have society's conventional view of evil represented by the character of Nel and also seen in the Bottom's disapproval of Sula. The other view of evil is seen through the character of Sula and through her actions, which conflict with traditional society. The friendship of Sula and Nel is how the author conveys her message about evil in the relationship. In the relationship the two different conceptions of evil mix and create an essentially neutral mixture. By looking at Nel's and Sula's friendship and the two different views of evil that they have, the author shows us the subjective and relative nature of evil and how friendship can overcome any evil.
In the Bottom, the dominant view of evil is society's conception. Its guidelines for good and bad behavior can be seen through society's reaction to Sula. Her return to the Bottom after being gone for ten years is greeted with the same way one would greet a pest, a plague or an illness. The novel shows society's negative view of her when it describes how Sula arrived "accompanied by a plague of robins" (Morrison 89). Her time spent in the Bottom is grouped with other evils the "floods, white people, tuberculosis, famine and ignorance" (Morrison 90) and her stay in the town is called the "evil days"(89), because the town views Sula as an evil force. The reason the town saw her as evil is because of her sexual habits. Sula herself knows that the townspeople "despised her and ... framed their hatred as disgust for the easy way she lay with men"(122), because being faithful in a marriage is one of the town's most important principles. Even worse is the one "unforgivable thing", the accusation that "that Sula slept with white men"(112), offending the town's racial pride. Not only are the residents horrified by her sexual openness, but they are also offended by her directness. To annoy her neighbors, Sula "came to their church suppers without underwear" (114) and even more, "they believed she was laughing at their God" (115). Once again, we see through the town's disapproval of Sula what it holds dear. If that wasn't enough, she angers the town even more by openly mocking their beliefs. Sula's crime is not only her actions, but also the fact that she is not even slightly ashamed of them; she is evil because she has defied society's laws and has openly mocked them by refusing to even recognize their rule over her.
Absorbed in this conception of evil her whole life, it is Nel who becomes the embodiment of the town's moral code when she gets married and is "one of them" (120), meaning a member of mainstream society. Instantly, her views become the same with those of the town and she "belonged to the town and all of its ways" (120). She is especially offended by Sula's behavior, because Sula sleeps with her husband. While Nel has used the town's moral code, Sula is in open defiance of it, and Sula is caught off guard by Nel's "possessiveness" (119), not really knowing that "marriage...had changed all that" (119), referring to their earlier tendency to "share the affection of other people" (119). Nel's outrage at Sula's actions is similar to the town's anger at Sula and we see the personal hurt that Sula's inconsiderate actions have caused.
While society's view of evil is really based on the disapproval of anything that would break down way society works, Sula's view of evil is based on a different goal and she acts according to a different set of standards. In other words, "Sula was distinctly different" (118). Sula "had been looking all along for a friend" (122) and that is the goal she is really trying to reach. In sleeping with many men, she is sort of looking for a release for her "misery and...deep sorrow" (122). She is trying to find a friend who she can confide in. In her search for some relief of the "loneliness" (123) that she feels and her search for a friend, she commits many acts that are harmful to others, such as sleeping with Jude. The only evil action would be one that is not directed towards friendship. She is not so much trying to find the "sadness that she yearned for" (122), as she is trying to share it with someone such as Nel. As long as Sula tries that, she can't judge herself to be evil, even though her sexual behavior makes her seem evil to society. Sula believed that, "as her experiences multiplied she realized that not only was it not wicked, it was not necessary for her to conjure up the idea of wickedness in order to participate fully" (122).
Toni Morrison makes a powerful statement about evil through the friendship between Nel and Sula. When Sula sleeps with Jude, a direct conflict between their different conceptions of evil surfaces. Sula feels no shame, because her conception of evil includes only actions not directed towards friendship, while her sleeping with Jude was an attempt at forming a friendship. However, Nel is hurt, because Sula "had no thought at all of causing Nel pain when she bedded down with Jude" (119). Before "they had always shared the affection of other people" (119), things have changed since they parted. Nel had just gotten married, while Sula left for the city. During this time their views became more and more different, as Sula became promiscuous and rebellious, Nel adopted society's morals. Because of this time apart and a change in values Sula was "ill prepared for the possessiveness of the one person she felt close to" (119). However, the two begin to discuss their differences, and Nel tells Sula her problem with her by saying, "You can't be walking around all independent-like, doing whatever you like" (142), to which Sula says, "It matters, Nel, but only to you" (144). This is the basic conflict between their two views of evil: Nel thinks that Sula's independence is evil, while Sula doesn't think that she hurt anybody except for Nel, and only because she was reacting from society's viewpoint, without understanding Sula's. To end their conversation, Sula asks an important question, "About who was good. How do you know it was you?... I mean maybe it wasn't you, maybe it was me" (146). This states the concept of evil as something relative and subjective, while their eventual reconciliation shows the issue of friendship.
Sula's question raises the important issue like, whose definition of evil is right? In provoking this debate, I believe the author wants the reader to reach the conclusion that nobody's definition is really correct and that the concept of evil is relative and subjective. For example, while Sula is considered as an evil force by society, her own conception of evil prevents her from being seen as evil. So evil cannot be a concept agreed upon by everyone, because Nel and Sula each disagree on its meaning. The fact that two people disagree on the same topic shows how subjective and personal a definition of evil is. For both characters, it is based on their own experiences. Sula could even be viewed as good instead of evil, because it is her actions that make the people of the Bottom "protect and love one another. They began to...in general band together against the devil in their midst" (117-118). Toni Morrison is proving that evil is a concept that is different for everyone, and that no one person has a right over its definition. But besides all the talk about the differences between good and evil, there is a stronger force at work in the novel.
For Nel and Sula, and all their trials together, they last because of their deep friendship. The concept of evil is raised in their friendship. Despite their different views on what evil is, Sula and Nel reconcile in the end, as Nel realizes that what ultimately matters is their friendship. At the end of the novel, Nel feels a sense of sorrow. However, she realizes that "all the time, I thought I was missing Jude" (174), when in fact she was missing Sula, her closest friend for almost her whole life. Ignoring her opinion about Sula's actions with Jude, she longs for the Sula saying, "We was girls together. O Lord, Sula, girl, girl, girlgirlgirl", a cry with "circles and circles of sorrow" (174). Nel realizes that what mattered wasn't really how she and Sula differed but rather it was the strength of their friendship which overcame any conflicting conceptions of evil that they might have had.


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Mfg.: Adcraft
Model: Adcraft FW-1200W
This item is shipped brand new directly from the supplier.
This item is a Quickship item. It will ship WITHIN 48 HOURS!
Item: 2.4cu.ft, Electric Countertop Food Warmer.
Item Number: FW-1200W
Countertop Food Warmer, electric, base only, holds full size pan, wet heat, infinite control, stainless steel construction, 1200W, 120V, 60Hz
Constructed of a heavy stainless steel housing for excellent durability. Interior liner made out of 20 gauge 18/8 stainless steel. Steel "element support" stabilizes heating elements and reflects heat toward food, providing even heat distribution. Maintains food temperature in excess of 140° (the requirement for safe food service.) Easy to clean.
Exterior Dimensions: 22.5x 14.5W x 9.25"H.
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The Mets have offered R.A. Dickey a two-year extension
Nov 17, 2012, 12:39 PM EDT
UPDATE: Martino adds that it's become clear in negotiations that Dickey will sign for a deal comparable to, but likely less than, Jake Peavy's recent two-year, $29 million extension with the White Sox. Sure, there are worries about Dickey's age and he throws harder than the average knuckleballer, but his asking price doesn't sound unreasonable at all.
12:23 PM: We have two reports on where the Mets stand in contract talks with 2012 NL Cy Young Award winner R.A. Dickey. Ken Rosenthal of FOXSports.com reported this morning that the Mets plan to offer Dickey a two-year extension. Meanwhile, Andy Martino of the New York Daily News hears that the Mets already made a two-year offer to Dickey approximately two weeks ago and the two sides are in the process of negotiating the terms.
No word on any specifics regarding the money involved, but Martino reports that the Mets know Dickey would accept a two-year deal. The Mets have already picked up Dickey's bargain $5 million club option for 2013, but the knuckleballer is due to hit the free agent market next offseason.
While an extension is on the radar, the Mets are also talking to other teams to get a sense of what they could fetch in a potential trade. The fan backlash would be overwhelming if Dickey is traded this offseason, but the Mets are understandably seeing what's out there with his value at an all-time high. Mets general manager Sandy Alderson said yesterday that he hopes to have some "clarity" in regard to Dickey and David Wright before the Winter Meetings begin on December 3.
Dickey went 20-6 with a 2.73 ERA and 230 strikeouts over 233 2/3 innings this season. The 38-year-old has a 2.95 ERA over three seasons with the Mets.
- jjpileggi - Nov 17, 2012 at 12:37 PM
Good move by Mets. Dickey is a fabulous story, and has been great. But this club is in no position to do any long term deals for pitching unless it is to have a guy give up arbitration or some free agent years. Two years is a good first move, with perhaps three if it is for reasonable money. Or, trade him to a contender and let him enjoy a few winning seasons. And get some youth and position talent.
John Pileggi
- Old Gator - Nov 17, 2012 at 1:01 PM
I suspect that Mutts fans must feel a bit like Feesh fans do about the Iron Giant. They love him and don't want to lose him, but out of some commendable generosity of spirit they would also like to see him play for a winner when he's bogged down with an inveterate loser. Of course, there's a sense that Biggeth Dicketh is playing for an inept franchise as opposed to a corrupt or detestable one, and that surely makes some difference. On the other hand, you do want to see talent like that perform on the big stage rather than on the makeshift one in the back of the local pub.
R A is a good guy and I'd just like to see him wind up in a situation where he's happy. He's earned it.
- dan1111 - Nov 19, 2012 at 10:05 AM
I'm not going to defend the Wilpons, but I wouldn't call Alderson & Co. inept. I think the Mets have a decent chance of contending by 2015, when this contract would run out.
- iamjimmyjack - Nov 17, 2012 at 3:34 PM
Trade him to the dodgers.
- joerymi - Nov 17, 2012 at 3:59 PM
The Mets might learn something from the Marlins. When you are going nowhere, trade your valuable commodities, get young talent that is under your financial control.
- arrooo - Nov 17, 2012 at 3:59 PM
These idiots will probably trade him for Jose Reyes
- shawon0meter - Nov 17, 2012 at 4:07 PM
38 years old with 2 good seasons under his belt. I'd pay him that 5 million next year and then let him walk.
- mojosmagic - Nov 18, 2012 at 11:42 PM
That's big of you.
- canadabaseball - Nov 17, 2012 at 4:24 PM
Dickey shouldn't sign wait till he's a FA do he dosnt have to play for the mets. If they can't getdavid wright resigned they are going to be even worse they next couple years
- buffalo65 - Nov 17, 2012 at 4:47 PM
JPA and a prospect to the mets for RA
- thebadguyswon - Nov 18, 2012 at 9:35 AM
On behalf of Mets fans, no thanks.
- djjackson81 - Nov 17, 2012 at 8:41 PM
Jpa who is that?
- mojosmagic - Nov 18, 2012 at 11:41 PM
That's big of them.
- kev86 - Nov 19, 2012 at 7:01 PM
I'm a Mets fan and I'd trade him if I got good return. If not, 2 years for 25 mil sounds fair. He's a good leader/person for the clubhouse.
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- Open Exeter
Discover why Andrew Thorpe supports Open Exeter.
Andrew Thorpe is a professor of History and Associate Dean of Research and Knowledge Transfer in the College of Humanities. He is a member of the Open Exeter Steering Group and supports Open Access to research publications and underlying research.


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Musto Sailing
Long-Sleeved Panelled Piqué T-Shirt
Unfortunately, this item will not be back in stock.
Musto Sailing specialises in high-performance pieces for aquatic activities, and this long-sleeved T-shirt is quick-drying to ensure you stay comfortable in the most challenging conditions. The lightweight piqué fabric also has an SPF rating of 40, providing additional protection from the sun. Its panelled design is sleek and sporty and can be worn on its own or as a base layer under a jacket. Shown here with Musto Sailing shorts and SWIMS shoes.
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BY VICKY DeROSA
Unleash the Beast", "Party Like a Rock Star", "Red Bull Gives You Wings". These are the slogans designed to catch the eye of 20 year olds looking for extra energy. But are they safe?
The label contains enormous amounts of vitamins so it almost looks like a health drink. Children view these as a form of sports drinks which are meant to replenish lost electrolytes due to exercise. However, these are not sports drinks and should not be used as such.
First and foremost, we are all familiar with caffeine. Normal doses are fine, some might venture to say healthy. One or two cups of coffee might be healthy (caffeine is extremely controversial, I shall make sure I write a blog on it in the upcoming weeks). In an effort to be candid, I must tell you I enjoy a good cup of java. It's what puts a smile on my face every morning!
Children and young adults who consume these energy drinks usually have at least two or more a day. Additionally, young people who go to raves where alcohol is not served, utilize energy drinks like water to give them that euphoric and energetic feeling. This is extremely dangerous and many young adults have died as a result of consuming excess energy drinks and experiencing adverse cardiac reactions. Caffeine is addictive and unfortunately young adults who consume these energy drinks program their bodies to require these drinks to function. I would also suggest that large amounts of caffeine significantly raises blood pressure.
How familiar are you with guarana? This is a common ingredient in most energy drinks. It is a creeping shrub native to Venezuela and Northern Brazil in the Amazon rain forest. The fruit is small, bright red, and contains 4-8 percent caffeine compared to only 1-2.5 percent found in coffee beans! It is considered a central nervous system stimulant. When mixed with ephedrine or diet pills it can be lethal.
What about taurine? We don't know too much about taurine. This is naturally occurring in food. Depending upon how much we consume from energy drinks this could be toxic. Studies indicate that in moderate doses, taurine has no reported benefits or adverse reactions. Why take the risk?
Additional risks resulting from the consumption of energy drinks are tooth decay from the amounts of sugar used and vacillating between highs and lows from all the caffeine and sugar. Other symptoms are headaches and heart palpitations.
The worst offenders of the energy drinks are the ones that contain alcohol. They have already been banned in a few countries in Europe. The stimulant affects the way your body responds to alcohol. The alcohol in the energy drink impair your ability to judge your level of intoxication. There have been numerous reports of increased risk taking by people who consume these drinks.
In short, if we are looking for a sports drink, let me suggest to you that it might be wiser to give your child a bottle of water, an orange and a banana. There you go, a perfect sports drink.
Now here's my thought on energy drinks. Try getting your energy from food, forgo the energy drinks and save your liver and kidneys. In fact there are many young adults currently being diagnosed with fatty livers. Might you guess where this is coming from? Looking for energy? Try some raw nuts and a banana. Does anyone remember what Elvis Presley's favorite snack was? That's right a banana, peanut butter and honey in a sandwich. Sounds mighty good to me! Oh, and if your wish is to have some caffeine, find yourself a fine cup of java and enjoy.
Vicky DeRosa is Founder and CEO of Studio V Health Corp. For more information check out www.studiovhealth.com.
ALSO BY VICKY DeROSA
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Natural heartburn remedies without Tums
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Wisconsin shout-out in 'Mad Men' premiere
I have seen the two-hour premiere episode of the new season of "Mad Men."
And it is Pretty. Damn. Good. It is a Don-, Betty-, Peggy- and Roger-centric episode. »Read Full Blog Post(1)
MSO, Swingle Singers enchant with rare 'Sinfonia'
One of the great joys of having a high-quality symphony orchestra in town is the opportunity to experience an enormous variety of music - live.
Friday's Milwaukee Symphony Orchestra concert presented a rare opportunity to hear Luciano Berio's "Sinfonia" for eight voices and orchestra. »Read Full Article(2)


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The uses of capillary electrophoresis in evaluating sundry analytes
From Knowmore.org
In the next sections, capillary electrophoresis (CE) practices in analyzing miscellaneous therapeutic vegetations and herbal preparations are reviewed.
1. Phenylethanoids Only limited medically associated plants have been assayed through capillary electrophoresis (CE) with regard to these ingredients, involving a portion of Rhodiola types plus Magnolia officinalis. In Asia, Rhodiola crenulata, R. quadrifida as well as others are utilized as adaptogen just like ginseng, to tackle fatigue, anemia and to reinforce the neurological network. Phenylethanoids like salidroside are believed amidst the physiologically viable concepts in such plants. Cui and his cooperators analyzed salidroside and p-tyrosol in Rhodiola applying a 50 mM borax buffer (pH 9.62) containing 30% methyl alcohol; Suo et al. applied the same buffer too, nevertheless added SDS plus ACN as a replacement. Latterly, Yue and workmates published the synchronous evaluation of salidroside plus gallic acid (see Table 1). They modified the BGE with a kationic polymer (hexadimetrine bromide) to reinstate the electroosmotic flow (EOF), consequently enabling the fast purification of anionic chemical substances (pH of electrolyte was 11.0).
Table 1. Capillary electrophoresis trials concerning the determinations of miscellaneous analytes in botanic medications
2. Lactones Simply 1 certain publication taken place in the covered time span, that is the test of kavalactones (yangonin offshoots) in Scorzonera austriaca. As a vital medical botany in Tibetan medicine, Jiang et al. invented a process for its normalization through capillary electrophoresis. No more than 9 min, four compounds (2 of these chemicals are lactones) could be assayed in a borax buffer with pH 10, that contain 10% carbinol. The process was testified concerning susceptibility, accuracy together with veracity, and 1 plant specimen, botanical specimen, plant material was quantified by making use of daphnetin as internal standard (IS).
3. Lectins Commonly, lectins are glycoproteins with the capability to agglutinate erythrocytes; lots of of consumers indicate unique pharmacological impacts, including mistletoe lectins, that are made use of in malignancy therapy. So far only one particular report explaining the adoption of CE regarding lectin test can be found in writing (see Table 4). Ganzera et al. employed a 200 mM sodium acetate buffer at pH 3.75 to evaluate isolectins in stinging nettle beginnings (Urtica dioica). Products of this type of botany are a common floral cure to defeat positive prostatic hyperplasia, plus lectins are amidst the physiologically functional constituents. In buy to isolate the lectins, buffer molarity revealed to stay of major benefit. Simply at extremely prominent electrolyte concentrations interactions amongst analytes together with silanol teams of the capillary wall were decreased, resulting in a baseline resolution of some lectins (see Figure 1). The presented CE technique was furthermore matching for CE-MS (just after slightly modifying the BGE) as well as quantitative studies.
Figure 1. Isolation of isolectins in 3 stinting nettle (U. dioica) root components. CE conditions: 200 mM sodium acetate buffer, pH 3.75; voltage: 25 kV. Compounds: isolectin I, II, V as well as VI.
4. Lignans Slanina plus Glatz posses reported determination methods for lignans in the year 2004 therefore. To upgrade such excellent overview only one particular recent publication has to be supplemented. The semens of Schisandra chinensis are made use of as an antitussive as well as tonic drug in the Far East, Chen et al. need stated a CE method in analyzing multiple two biologically active lignans (γ-schizandrin and deoxyschizandrin) in and consuming formulations. They utilized a non-H2O setup (140 mM bile salt in methanol) with 25℃ as well as 25 kV, and quantified the molecules of attract in derivative of the 2nd order electropherograms. The needful isolation period was twenty minutes.
5. Sugars Sugars are not only of health significance, but some saccharides own important pharmacological features (such as diuretic, immunostimulation or tumor preventive) too. The benefit of carbohydrates in conventional Chinese drug and approaches for their measurements were revealed by Wang and Fang. Some fresh CE practices regarding carbohydrates have emerged subsequently, however mostly targeting apparatus problems (such as evaluation of carbs by microarray capillary electrophoresis or exploitation of an aerosol chemiluminescent detector coupled to CE) without centering on genuine . Chen et al. have already exhibited two relevant exploitations, the evaluation of mannitol and of carbohydrates in Ligustrum lucidum, together with the evaluations of glycosides (paeoniflorin, paeonoside) and monosaccharides in Paeonia suffruticosa (see Table One). In both of the situations the compounds were inspected by ECD on a 300 mm copper disk electrode (running electric potential +0.6 V), purifications were performed in aqueous 75 mM NaOH solution with a separation voltage of 12 kV. Probing ranges were found to be within 1 and 3 mM, separately.


text: by Joni Astrup Associate editor Sharon Day and some like-minded people walked through Elk River earlier this week on their way to the Gulf of Mexico. They are raising awareness about the polluted state of the Mississippi River and what can be done to change that. The Mississippi is the second-most-p...Read More


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For presented work in any media, an editor plays a crucial role. They typically work with words to help writers refine their styles and correct grammar and spelling errors. While there are editors in film, broadcasting, news production, and a variety of other media, a standard editor is someone who makes adjustments to material created and prepared by others before offering that content for outside consumption.Read More...
Many editors work with written content, normally either submitted by staff or freelance writers. For these editors, a key aspect of the job is understanding the aims and audience of the work. As an example, editors for web content and blogs may prefer a relaxed blogging style that allows for flexibility and creativity in verbiage, style, and spelling. Other editors require writers to adhere to formal style guides, such as AP or MLA, and adjust written content to fit them.
While some editors may work within print, many today work in online media, and editors in either help assign news stories, features, or content among a stable group of writers and subcontracted freelancers. Many editors also assist in the visual layout of content, which can include offering input to a layout editor in print work. Many editors in the online sphere are expected to not only adjust and alter content for space and appropriateness, but also to assemble and post it online. For editors in the web space, familiarity with HTML and web page layout software may be required for some positions.
Editors must have strong written communication skills. For work in professional media, many companies require editors to have degrees in journalism, communications, or other related disciplines from four-year universities. The requirements for many web editing jobs may be lighter in formal education, but may stress strong subject familiarity and practical experience. Most editors work long hours in a newsroom or office environment during the week.
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Editors may experience a large salary bump if they progress into a role such as Editorial Director. The latter position pays an average of $87K annually. Editors typically move into roles as Senior Editors or Managing Editors, and those positions pay $15K more and $4K more, respectively.
Editors report using a deep pool of skills on the job. Most notably, facility with writing, Online Research, and People Management are correlated to pay that is significantly above average, leading to increases of 24 percent, 21 percent, and 12 percent, respectively. Skills that seem to negatively impact pay include Graphic Design, Blogging, and Video Editing. Those familiar with Copywriting also tend to know Proofreading.
Median of all compensation (including tips, bonus, and overtime) by years of experience.
Editors with a lot of experience tend to enjoy higher earnings. Respondents with less than five years' experience take home $40K on average. In contrast, those who have been around for five to 10 years earn a noticeably higher average of $50K. After working for 10 to 20 years, Editors make a median salary of $57K. Individuals who have achieved more than 20 years of experience don't seem to earn much more than people who have 10 to 20 years under their belts; the more senior group reports an average income of $61K.
For Editors, working in the bustling city of New York has its advantages, including an above-average pay rate. Editors will also find cushy salaries in Washington (+20 percent), Portland (+11 percent), Seattle (+10 percent), and Los Angeles (+10 percent). Denver is home to the smallest salaries in the field, lagging the national average by 13 percent. Below-median salaries also turn up in Atlanta and Dallas (6 percent lower and 3 percent lower, respectively).
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Create QR Codes for your website or magazine using Goo.gl. Easy to create QR Codes in a single click.Read More
Google celebrates its 12th Birthday today. Wishing Google a very Happy 12th Birthday.Read More
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Oracle acquired Sun Microsystems to monetize Java but failed to understand the community process and has sued Google over use of Java in Android scaring other businesses based on Java.Read More
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Hot Springs, AR, USA < change city >
Bands (2)
Cakes (1)
Caterers (3)
Ceremony & Reception (2)
Ceremony Sites (19)
Coffee (1)
Decorations (1)
Florists (2)
Golf Courses (1)
Honeymoon (1)
Hotels (26)
Jewelry (1)
Officiants (1)
Parks (1)
Photographers (3)
Reception Sites (15)
Rehearsal Lunch (3)
Restaurants (36)
Spas (8)
Videographers (1)
Wedding Day Beauty (1)
Michelle Posey Photography
408 Del Rio Drive
Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA
2 ratings, 2 reviews, 2 weddings
Very attentive and concerned with what pictures we wanted.
St John's Catholic Church
589 W Grand Ave
Hot Springs, AR, USA
Ceremony Sites
1 rating, 2 reviews, 2 weddings
The church was absolutely beautiful so there was little need for decorations.
The Austin Convention Ho...
305 Malvern Avenue
Hot Springs, AR, United States
1 rating, 1 review, 7 weddings
They gave us a great rate and were always very friendly.
Comfort Inn & Suites
3627 Central Ave.
Hot Springs, AR, United States
1 rating, 1 review, 6 weddings
Everybody who stayed there said the hotel was really nice. They were really frie...
Elks Lodge
132 Abbott Pl
Hot Springs, AR, United States
Rehearsal Lunch/Dinner, Rec...
1 rating, 1 review, 4 weddings
I was so glad I found the Hot Springs Elks Lodge! The room was perfect for us. ...
Hot Springs Convention C...
134 Convention Blvd
Hot Springs, AR, USA
Attractions/Entertainment, ...
1 rating, 1 review, 2 weddings
This is a wonderful place for receptions. They are very accomodating and will wo...
Melissa And Milos Wedding
Ceremony Sites
1 rating, 1 review, 1 wedding
This venue could not have been more perfect. Melissa and family did lots of deco...
Michael Mueller Video Pr...
1654 Airport Road
Hot Springs, Arkansas 71913, USA
Videographers, Photographers
1 rating, 1 review, 1 wedding
My video is so well done! I hesitated to hire a videographer, but decided to go ...
Special Touch Catering
600 Main St # N
Hot Springs, AR, United States
1 rating, 1 review, 1 wedding
JoAnn knows everything there is to know about throwing a wedding reception. The ...
Kari Nichols Photography
Hot Springs, AR, USA
1 rating, 1 review, 1 wedding
Kari is really nice and she does a really good job. Her packages include all day...


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Now Casting 'Winter Has No Sun' and Upcoming Auditions
"Winter Has No Sun" follow two lifelong friends, Jake and Ted, and their choices that cause their lives to spiral out of control.
Now Casting 'Winter Has No Sun' and Upcoming Auditions
"Winter Has No Sun" follow two lifelong friends, Jake and Ted, and their choices that cause their lives to spiral out of control.
L.A. Now Casting 'Etherlude' and Upcoming Auditions
"Etherlude" is a music video for the recording artist Phil Beaudreau.
L.A. Now Casting 'Christmas Switch' and Upcoming Auditions
"Christmas Switch" is family feature comedy shooting this March in the San Francisco area.
Now Casting 'Young Preacher' and Upcoming Auditions
"Young Preacher" is an indie feature-length film shooting this summer in Cleveland, Ohio.
7 Chances to Make 'Em Love Your Audition
Valentine's Day is upon us, so here's to hoping that casting director or producer gets bit by the bug and sees something they love in your audition. Here are seven chances to make 'em love you and get cast!
L.A. Now Casting 'Hit Like' and Other Upcoming Auditions
"Hit Like" follows Bobby, who's sick of people showing off their "great" lives on Facebook, and decides to post only his misfortunes.
Now Casting 'Code Blue' and Other Upcoming Auditions
"Code Blue" follows a war veteran turned police officer who's confronted with circumstances beyond his control.
5 NBC Pilots Get Casting Directors
The entertainment industry is constantly changing, and it's important to stay aware of what's going on. Want to find out who's casting? What projects are happening? What's coming up? Call Sheet highlights will help you stay in-the-know: NBC pilot "Cuckoo" has picked up casting director Wendy ...
7 Voiceover Gigs You Might Be Perfect For
From a NYC-based Web series to a voice acting contest and more, here are seven chances to get cast in an upcoming VO project!
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"Disney on Classic" is looking for U.S.-based singers for its four-month symphony concert tour of Japan.


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Date: Friday, 6-Sep-2013 11:47:27
This is an Awareness Blog to consider the future of your world. Actions are being done now to restore our world. Watch and become AWARE! This blog is an online legacy of John Machaffie a super patriot who gave everything to help his fellow man. Send comments/news to firstname.lastname@example.com 3.5 MILLION VIEWS PER MONTH 65,832,224 VIEWS total
Sorry the fear monger don't work anymore people in this county and the world have been waking up to their true reality that is life, Liberty and the pursuit of happiness. What is interesting in the bible code according to experts both Jews and Christians, that the codes can only be decipher after an event happens, not before unless they change their minds. There are videos online talk about bible codes after 9/11.ReplyDelete
This is the link to apply for the OPC Needs list:
Needy Person Online Application
This is the link for OPC donors when they are ready to assist with funding to help these applicants:
This is the link to apply to work for OPC; to join John's "angels":
Operation Compassion Angel Application
DISTRESS YOUR HELP NEEDED (John would still want this message posted for his good friend Lynda,
and she needs $215.00 by the 4th so please help with some amount if you are able to. God Bless)
Lynda is a good friend and soul mate helping us getting the word out.
She is one of my intelligence gathering ladies.
She is a 65 yr light worker who has always helping others.
She has been evicted out of her home in GA.
Lynda has been Homeless and she is disabled stuck in a motel since Oct 9, 2014 .
Unable to pay all her bills as she is on disability. She needs help desperately.
People have been stepping up helping her but they can't help no more due to the economy.
She will need money for food and motel bill.
If you can help please do a PayPal firstname.lastname@example.com
Lynda's phone number is 404 977 3322. Give her a call.
Any amount will do small or large until the RV is here when funds start flowing.
I have a large donation for her after the RV and global reset.
Until then the Bad Hombres are blocking our blessings.
Let's continue to show the world what big hearts you have.
Referred by John Machaffie – a good friend