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Citations for "Export Market Performance of OECD Countries: An Empirical Examination of the Role of Cost Competitiveness"
by Carlin, Wendy & Glyn, Andrew & Van Reenen, John
- Stephan Danninger & Fred Joutz, 2007.
"What Explains Germany's Rebounding Export Market Share?,"
CESifo Working Paper Series
1957, CESifo Group Munich.
- Stephan Danninger & Fred Joutz, 2008. "What Explains Germany's Rebounding Export Market Share?," CESifo Economic Studies, CESifo, vol. 54(4), pages 681-714, December.
- Frederick L. Joutz & Stephan Danninger, 2007. "What Explains Germany's Rebounding Export Market Share?," IMF Working Papers 07/24, International Monetary Fund.
- Petrit Gashi & Iraj Hashi & Geoff Pugh, 2014. "Export behaviour of SMEs in transition countries," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 42(2), pages 407-435, February.
- Miguel Leon-Ledesma, 2002.
"Exports, Product Differentiation and Knowledge Spillovers,"
Studies in Economics
0206, School of Economics, University of Kent.
- Miguel León-Ledesma, 2005. "Exports, Product Differentiation and Knowledge Spillovers," Open Economies Review, Springer, vol. 16(4), pages 363-379, October.
- J. Peter Neary, 2006.
"Measuring Competitiveness,"
IMF Working Papers
06/209, International Monetary Fund.
- J. Peter Neary, 2006. "Measuring Competitiveness," The Economic and Social Review, Economic and Social Studies, vol. 37(2), pages 197-213.
- J Peter Neary, 2005. "Measuring Competitiveness," Working Papers 200521, School of Economics, University College Dublin.
- Neary, J Peter, 2006. "Measuring Competitiveness," CEPR Discussion Papers 5982, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
- Detzer, Daniel & Hein, Eckhard, 2014.
"Financialisation and the financial and economic crises: The case of Germany,"
IPE Working Papers
44/2014, Berlin School of Economics and Law, Institute for International Political Economy (IPE).
- Daniel Detzer & Eckhard Hein, 2014. "Financialisation and the Financial and Economic Crises: The Case of Germany," FESSUD studies fstudy18, Financialisation, Economy, Society & Sustainable Development (FESSUD) Project.
- Marko Viiding & Kalev Kallemets & Peeter Pikk, 2013. "Electricity Cost as a Driver of Competitiveness in Northern Europe: The Case of Estonia," Transition Studies Review, Springer, vol. 19(3), pages 367-381, February.
- Marc VANCAUTEREN & Daniel WEISERBS, 2005.
"Intra-European Trade of Manufacturing Goods : An extension of the Gravity Model,"
Discussion Papers (ECON - Département des Sciences Economiques)
2005026, Université catholique de Louvain, Département des Sciences Economiques.
- Mark Vancauteren & Daniel Weiserbs, 2011. "Intra-European Trade of Manufacturing Goods: An Extension of the Gravity Model," International Econometric Review (IER), Econometric Research Association, vol. 3(1), pages 1-24, April.
- Storm, Servaas & Naastepad, C.W.M., 2015. "Crisis and recovery in the German economy: The real lessons," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 32(C), pages 11-24.
- Qin Yang & Crystal Jiang, 2007. "Location advantages and subsidiaries' R&D activities in emerging economies: Exploring the effect of employee mobility," Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Springer, vol. 24(3), pages 341-358, September.
- Valerie Cerra & Jarkko Soikkeli, 2002.
"How Competitive is Irish Manufacturing?,"
IMF Working Papers
02/160, International Monetary Fund.
- Valerie Cerra & Jarkko Soikkeli & Sweta C. Saxena, 2003. "How Competitive is Irish Manufacturing?," The Economic and Social Review, Economic and Social Studies, vol. 34(2), pages 173-193.
- Nilsson, Desirée, 2007. "Changing Export Structure According to Income Elasticity - Kaldor revisited," Working Paper Series in Economics and Institutions of Innovation 92, Royal Institute of Technology, CESIS - Centre of Excellence for Science and Innovation Studies.
- Buettner, Thiess, 2002. "The impact of taxes and public spending on the location of FDI: evidence from FDI-flows within Europe," ZEW Discussion Papers 02-17, ZEW - Zentrum für Europäische Wirtschaftsforschung / Center for European Economic Research.
- Constantinos Alexiou & Joseph G. Nellis, 2013. "Challenging the Raison d'etre of Internal Devaluation in the Context of the Greek Economy," Panoeconomicus, Savez ekonomista Vojvodine, Novi Sad, Serbia, vol. 60(6), pages 813-836, December.
- Chen, Chung-Jen & Hsiao, Yung-Chang, 2013. "The endogenous role of location choice in product innovations," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 48(3), pages 360-372.
- Storm, Servaas & Naastepad, C.W.M, 2012. "Wage-led or profit-led supply : wages, productivity and investment," ILO Working Papers 470930, International Labour Organization.
- Sarah Guillou, 2006.
"Les industries de haute technologie de la zone euro et des Etats-Unis : une étude comparée de la compétitivité et des parts de marché,"
Sciences Po publications
info:hdl:2441/7305, Sciences Po.
- Sarah Guillou, 2006. "Les industries de haute technologie de la zone euro et des États-Unis. Une étude comparée de la compétitivité et des parts de marché," Revue de l'OFCE, Presses de Sciences-Po, vol. 98(3), pages 37-76.
- Sarah Guillou, 2006.
"Competitiveness and export market shares in high tech industries in the US and the EMU countries: a comparative study,"
Documents de Travail de l'OFCE
2006-18, Observatoire Francais des Conjonctures Economiques (OFCE).
- Sarah Guillou, 2006. "Competitiveness and export market shares in high tech industries in the US and the EMU countries: A comparative study," Sciences Po publications 2006-18, Sciences Po.
- Jone Kalendiene & Giedrius Miliauskas, 2011. "Lithuanian export competitiveness before economic recession," Business and Economic Horizons (BEH), Prague Development Center, vol. 4(1), pages 40-51, January.
- Dan Corry & Anna Valero & John Van Reenen, 2011.
"UK economic performance since 1997: growth, productivity and jobs,"
LSE Research Online Documents on Economics
47521, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
- Dan Corry & Anna Valero & John Van Reenen, 2011. "UK Economic Performance Since 1997: Growth, Productivity and Jobs," CEP Special Papers 24, Centre for Economic Performance, LSE.
- Martin Gächter & Hanno Lorenz & Paul Ramskogler & Maria Antoinette Silgoner, 2013. "An Export-Based Measure of Competitiveness," Monetary Policy & the Economy, Oesterreichische Nationalbank (Austrian Central Bank), issue 2, pages 75–92.
- Rinaldo Evangelista & Matteo Lucchese & Valentina Meliciani, 2013. "The contribution of Business services to the export performances of manufacturing industries. An empirical study on 5 European countries," Working Papers 14, Birkbeck Centre for Innovation Management Research, revised Nov 2013.
- Laursen, Keld & Meliciani, Valentina, 2010. "The role of ICT knowledge flows for international market share dynamics," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(5), pages 687-697, June.
- de Souza, Eduardo Correia & Batista, Jorge Chami, 2011. "TRIPs, trade and growth: When comparative advantages break down," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 22(4), pages 327-341.
- Hülya Saygılı, 2010. "Sectoral exports dynamics of Turkey: a panel co-integration analysis," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 38(2), pages 373-384, April.
- Keld Laursen & Valentina Meliciani, 1999.
"The Importance of Technology Based Inter-sectoral Linkages for Market Share Dynamics,"
DRUID Working Papers
99-10, DRUID, Copenhagen Business School, Department of Industrial Economics and Strategy/Aalborg University, Department of Business Studies.
- Keld Laursen & Valentina Meliciani, 2000. "The importance of technology-based intersectoral linkages for market share dynamics," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer, vol. 136(4), pages 702-723, December.
- Naastepad, C. W. M. & Kleinknecht, Alfred, 2004. "The Dutch productivity slowdown: the culprit at last?," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 15(2), pages 137-163, June.
- Morgenroth, Edgar & FitzGerald, John & FitzGerald, John, 2006.
"Summary and Conclusions,"
Book Chapters,
in: Morgenroth, Edgar (ed.), Ex-Ante Evaluation of the Investment Priorities for the National Development Plan 2007-2013, chapter 24, pages 317-333
Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI).
- Baker, Terence J. & FitzGerald, John & Honohan, Patrick & FitzGerald, John & Honohan, Patrick, 1996. "Summary and Conclusions," Book Chapters, in: Baker, Terence J. (ed.), Economic Implications for Ireland of EMU, chapter 12, pages 339-352 Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI).
- Menezes-Filho, Naercio & Van Reenen, John, 2003. "Unions and Innovation: A Survey of the Theory and Empirical Evidence," CEPR Discussion Papers 3792, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
- Yutaka KURIHARA, 2011. "Introducing a Common Currency in Central Franc Zone: Is it Appropriate?," Journal of Knowledge Management, Economics and Information Technology, ScientificPapers.org, vol. 1(6), pages 11, October.
- Ewing, Bradley T. & Thompson, Mark A., 2008. "VAR and generalized impulse response analysis of manufacturing unit labor costs," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 387(11), pages 2575-2583.
- repec:spo:wpecon:info:hdl:2441/7305 is not listed on IDEAS
- G. Dosi & M. Grazzi & D. Moschella, 2014.
"Technology and costs in international competitiveness: from countries and sectors to firms,"
Working Papers
wp941, Dipartimento Scienze Economiche, Universita' di Bologna.
- Giovanni Dosi & Marco Grazzi & Daniele Moschella, 2014. "Technology and costs in international competitiveness: from countries and sectors to firms," LEM Papers Series 2014/10, Laboratory of Economics and Management (LEM), Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy.
- Fidrmuc, Jarko, 2001. "The Endogeneity of optimum currency area criteria, intraindustry trade and EMU enlargement," BOFIT Discussion Papers 8/2001, Bank of Finland, Institute for Economies in Transition.
- Morgenroth, Edgar & FitzGerald, John & FitzGerald, John, 2006. "Productive Sector," Book Chapters, in: Morgenroth, Edgar (ed.), Ex-Ante Evaluation of the Investment Priorities for the National Development Plan 2007-2013, chapter 20, pages 257-277 Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI).
- repec:spo:wpecon:info:hdl:2441/941 is not listed on IDEAS
- Yvonne Wolfmayr, 2008. "Producer Services and Competitiveness of Manufacturing Exports," FIW Research Reports series I-009, FIW.
- Mark Setterfield, 2010. "Endogenous Growth: A Kaldorian Approach," Working Papers 1001, Trinity College, Department of Economics.
- Jorge Chami Batista, 2003. "Latin American Export Specialization and Growth: An Inquiry into the Nature of Product Competition between Different Exporters," Discussion Paper Series 146, Research Institute for Economics & Business Administration, Kobe University.
- Eduardo Correia de Souza & Jorge Chami Batista, 2008. "International Knowledge Mobility and Global Innovation," Anais do XXXVI Encontro Nacional de Economia [Proceedings of the 36th Brazilian Economics Meeting] 200807152237460, ANPEC - Associação Nacional dos Centros de Pósgraduação em Economia [Brazilian Association of Graduate Programs in Economics].


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PG Softball Team Falls To Pine Tree 6-5
Pleasant Grove's softball team fell to Pine Tree 6-5 Tuesday night in a non-district game at Lady Hawk Field.
Pleasant Grove's softball team fell to Pine Tree 6-5 Tuesday night in a non-district game at Lady Hawk Field.
Main Street Texarkana recently won the Benjamin Moore Paints, "Paint What Matters' national competition for revitalization of downtown communities.
Texarkana Texas Police say a DWI suspect was arrested over the weekend after he allegedly crashed his vehicle into the back of a police patrol car.
The Texarkana City Board of Directors meets in regular session tonight at City Hall.
Bowie County Judge Sterling Lacy is to hold a news conference today in downtown Texarkana today.
Bowie County Sheriff's Deputies continue to investigate a shooting that occurred during a dispute at a residence near Maud.
Texarkana Texas Police are investigating after an overnight shooting left one person dead.
Texarkana Texas Police are looking for the person who stole copper wiring from Spring Lake Park.
Texarkana Texas Police have arrested a couple of suspects in connection with an alleged truck theft from a local dealership.
The Texarkana Texas City Council will hold its regular meeting tonight beginning at 6 p.m. at City Hall.
Texas High parents and students are encouraged to attend a special workshop at the school Thursday February 6.
You may not have to travel out of state to find interesting places to visit for 2014.

subset: commoncrawl


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(Essence Weekend) The 8th Annual 4th of July Festival Weekend TakeOver -> July 3rd - July 5th @ The METROpolitan
- Film, Media & Entertainment
- 310 Andrew Higgins Dr, New Orleans, LA, 70130
BLESS YA, BOYS: Redempt-SEAN
The Castle Theatre
Friday, September 20, 2013 from 8:00 PM to 10:00 PM (CDT)
Do I have to bring my printed ticket to the event?
Yes. If you would be so kind. If you are having trouble printing be sure to bring a picture ID with the same name as the ticket(s) are purchased under.
Do I check-in with the box office if I purchased my tickets online?
We ask that you do so that you can receive your bar credit/drink coupon. We will have this available for you under your First & Last name.
What time does the Castle Theatre open?
The doors open at 7PM. The show begins at 8PM.
Are the seats reserved?
Only for groups of 10 or more. Call us (504) 287-4707 if you have a large group, and we will accommodate you. Otherwise it is General Admission. I have to say - there is not a bad seat in the house - PROMISE!
Are there ID requirements or an age limit to enter the event?
For this show 18 and older.
What are my transport/parking options getting to the event?
Free parking across from The Castle Theatre on Williams Blvd.
What can/can't I bring to the event?
We have a full service cash bar. So please don't sneak anything in. We're all adults here - ha!
Where can I contact the organizer with any questions?
You can call us - we are old school and actually have a land line (504) 287-4707.
What is the refund policy?
No refunds. Unless there is a hurricane.
In order to purchase these tickets in installments, you'll need an Eventbrite account. Log in or sign up for a free account to continue.


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July 23, 2012
With the price of Maine lobster now less than the price of bologna, it might be the perfect time to try making your own Lobster Rolls!
Before you know it, lobster will once again be too expensive for everyday use. The quintessential summertime treat, lobster rolls are a rich filling treat. Now all you will need is the sound of waves crashing on the rocks and seagulls begging for a bite.
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'42' an inspiring take on Jackie Robinson's - and America's - story
Rarely have the words "inspired by a true story" been so true as in "42," because inspirational it is.
Fortunately, this powerful portrait of Jackie Robinson, the first African-American to break Major League Baseball's color barrier when he joined the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1947, is also rousing, well-acted and emotionally grounded entertainment. »Read Full Article
4 places to 'drink while you think'
Want to know where to play trivia in Milwaukee? Here are four trivia hot spots in Milwaukee that you recommended for Monday through Thursday. On Tap this Weekend hosts, Heather Ronaldson and Brandon Tschacher, checked out what you love about them. Game on! »Read Full Blog Post
Dierks Bentley, Cheap Trick playing Milwaukee Admirals concerts
The Milwaukee Admirals are bringing in country singer Dierks Bentley and power pop act Cheap Trick for post-game concerts at the BMO Harris Bradley Center early next year.
This will actually be Bentley's second year in a row he's performed a concert after an Admirals game. Rockford, Ill. band Cheap Trick, a frequent presence in Milwaukee, was last here opening for Aerosmith at the Harley-Davidson 110th Anniversary Celebration. »Read Full Article
Carr Valley, La Quercia and New Glarus producers at Midwest dinner Nov. 8 at Bacchus
A dinner called Masters of the Midwest on Nov. 8 at Bacchus will bring together well-regarded cheese, dry-cured pork and beer producers from the region.
Sid Cook of Carr Valley Cheese Co. based in La Valle, Herb Eckhouse of La Quercia in Norwalk, Iowa, and Dan Carey of New Glarus Brewing Co., New Glarus, will attend the dinner, which will feature their products. »Read Full Blog Post
Exclusive Video: Interview with Scott Aukerman from 'Comedy Bang! Bang!'
Laverne and Shirley. They're not burly.
These are not merely keen observations. They're the inspired words taken from Scott Aukerman's freestyle rap about Milwaukee, which you can see for yourself below from our hilarious 10 for Tap video interview. »Read Full Article
On Tap for Today: Mums and a movie
Welcome to Monday. Don't say you weren't warned.
There are a couple of things going on that merit your attention. »Read Full Blog Post


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Instructors who wish to put items on Reserve should fill out a form and turn it in to the staff at the Circulation Desk. Processing may take up to three working days until the materials are available for student use. Materials must be removed by the end of each spring semester. Contact Carol Reagan at (619) 388-7618 for further information.
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text: GVLP002 Side C2 Keep Giving me Love (Rayko Red Dragon Soul Edit) [low quality] by Rayko published on 2012/05/13 05:57:26 +0000 Juno Review: Not a week goes by without a new Rayko release dropping, making him the disco edit scene's version of Marco Dionigi, a man who finishes an album on average every 13 seconds. Dragon Soul, though, is the Spanish re-edit king's first full-length. It rather surprisingly hangs together well as an album, offering a typically dubbed-out mix of sparkling boogie, comfy deep house and, of course, cheeky disco. Highlights wise, there's plenty to excite, from an excellent re-dub of D-Train and the sweaty disco of "Love Wars", to the oh-so-sensual "Conscious Of My Love" and the jazzy gorgeousness of "You're No Better Than A Common Thief". Turntable Lab review: Stellar FULL LENGTH of edits and reworks from spanish boogie expert Rayko When it comes to disco and boogie edits this dude's work is top notch, and on Dragon Soul we are treated to a gang of cuts that'll work the floor over and then some. Obviously selection plays an important part in any good edit, and Rayko picks the jams ranging from sexy disco funk (Sumy's "Funkin In Your Mind") and party starting italo (K.I.D.'s "Come And Get It") to slept-on garage style classics (D-Train's "Keep Giving Me Love") and deep burning 80's r&b (Womack & Womack "Conscious of My Conscious" and "Love Wars"). All edits are done tastefully with much respect to the original and enough added punch to move the modern dancefloor. Also includes a killer edit of Final Edition's "I Can Do It Anyway" as used for A-Trak and Armand's "aNYway". 8 tracks over double vinyl from Glenview Records. Recommended. Piccadilly Records Review: Glenview Records follows up their Onur Engin album with this full length from Spanish edit sensation Rayko (from Gran Canaria says our Spanish edit customer Silvestre). Spread over two fat sides of wax (or one CD) he reworks classic disco, boogie and funk tracks from Womack & Womack, Joe Coleman, D-Train, Bill House, Final Edition, KID and more. A bassline fattened here, an effect added there, a loop cut and pasted over here... Hot disco edits from a man at the top of his game right now. 2x12" Lp Vinyl and CD Release A1. Funkin Your Mind (Rayko Mind Fucker Edit) A2. Conscious of My Love (Rayko Mighty Dragon Soul Edit) Side 2 (B) B1. Come and Get It (Rayko Mighty Dragon Soul Edit) B2. Get it Off the Ground (Rayko Edit) Side 3 (C) C1. Love Wars (Rayko Dragon Soul Edit) C2. Keep Giving Me Love (Rayko Red Dragon Soul Edit) Side 4 (D) D1. Common Thief (Rayko Edit) D2. Do it Anyway you Want it (Rayko Edit) Comment by Rafael Henck @rafael-henck: already found it haha 2014/09/18 12:35:47 +0000 Comment by Rafael Henck Great remixes! Where can I purchase these vinyls? 2014/09/18 12:28:20 +0000 Comment by .:Alan:. Love this! 2014/03/09 15:43:05 +0000 Comment by Peter Molloy so funky, so good 2013/03/27 18:19:54 +0000 Comment by JAMES ROD nice!!! super class 2012/12/12 11:18:44 +0000 Comment by Semi Deluxe (C & F) delicious..http://theplayersassociation.wordpress.com/ 2012/10/20 00:35:43 +0000 Comment by FABIAN. WAHOOO 2012/10/13 15:07:35 +0000 Comment by Rayko @autocycle: ;) 2012/10/12 19:43:55 +0000 Comment by Rayko @nerstylist: XD 2012/09/12 05:30:58 +0000 Comment by Rayko @supermethod: cheers! 2012/08/01 01:12:14 +0000 Comment by nerstylist yes! 2012/07/25 00:19:11 +0000 Comment by Rayko @supermethod: XD 2012/07/24 23:05:43 +0000 Comment by supermethod whoop! 2012/07/24 18:52:35 +0000 Comment by supermethod Love it! 2012/07/24 18:46:56 +0000 Comment by Rayko @clubaction: super fav for me :) 2012/07/21 05:21:20 +0000


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NewsMay 01 2013
City-wide clean up days scheduled
The month of May has been designated as clean up month by several communities in Lyman County. The message from town boards and city councils is the same; "Take pride in your community and volunteer to help clean up and spruce up during the month of May".
Kennebec has named Saturday May 4th as clean up day according to finance officer Deb Buchmann.
The rubble site will be open from 1:00 pm to 4:00 pm and extra fees will be waved that day.
Presho will hold a city-wide clean up day Saturday, May 11th under the leadership of the Presho Area Chamber. The Presho rubble site will be open from 10:00 am to 6:00 pm and will also wave extra fees that day only.
Presho area volunteers will gather at 10:00 AM in front of the Thrift store to assist elderly and disabled residents of Presho with clean-up.
To volunteer time or equipment or if in need of assistance contact the Presho Area Chamber office at 895-9445.
Acceptable rubble site items include yard waste such as grass clippings, leaves, and tree branches. Scrap lumber and untreated, burnable wood must have all nails and glass removed.
White goods such as appliances, hot water heaters and other scrap metal will be taken but all freon must be removed and the item tagged with an appropriate affidavit.
Items not accepted include tires, batteries, waste oil and other hazardous waste.
It is important that residents adhere to the rubble site rules and regulations. If city residents have questions regarding disposal of waste, contact the appropriate city finance office for clarification.
At this date, no organized citywide clean up has been scheduled for the towns of Reliance or Vivian.
- Scavenging through the county
- WCE Cooperative finishes up repairs after weekend storms
- High winds damage structures,
- North Central Farmers Elevator and South Dakota Wheat Growers Member-Owners Vote No on Unification
- Lyman School Board Election results
- Construction at new elevator site stays on schedule
- What's new at the museum
- Local Lions Club projects recognized
- Lyman reunion moves to Clubhouse
- Remebering those who gave all
- Presho HS reunion set


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So our droid phones are finally glitching after 3yrs! They have been good phones but now its time for something new. So Does anyone have the Samsung Galaxy 2 or 3 or the iphone 5......... why do you like it and why? These are the ones we are torn between. Thanks for your help!!!
Cell Phone poll....... you all are helping me make my decision lol :)
I have the galaxy s3 and love it. It is big but it really didn't take me long to adjust to using it. I sync everything with my google account so this phone is ideal for me. If you want a phone you can really customize, I would say go with it. In my experience the iPhone is good for people who want something easy to use (I'm not a fan of the iPhone personally, it had/has so many more issues than my galaxy).
Mother of Two II Down 70 Pounds II Coach and Motivator II Foodie
Website: thefitbean.com
Facebook Page: The Fit Bean
Its an awesome phone!!! I love it!!
Mom to JZ 7-11-12 and my angel EA 6-28-13 spent the best 7 minutes with you in my arms.
We are with verizon and the iphone is actually cheaper :( the galaxy 3 is 250...iphone 199
Good idea! Thanks :)
also Amazon has great deals on phone cases I bought like 10 for 20$ including shipping andhandling.
Mom to JZ 7-11-12 and my angel EA 6-28-13 spent the best 7 minutes with you in my arms.
ok thanks for the info!!!! I will check that out for sure!!!!!!
Did I say that I hate this phone? Because I do.
Nzingha's mommy!
I have informed you thusly...


text:
Clive Everton reports from The Crucible on Ronnie O'Sullivan's fifth World Snooker Championship win
Bray Wanderers Chairman Denis O'Connor has said that acquiring a "strong" manager and players will solve the proble
Tomás Mulcahy, Michael Duignan and Liam Sheedy assess Kilkenny's win over Galway.
A look at the current state of Offaly hurling following the county's exit from this year's championship.
After drawing with Kerry in the Munster Football Championship final, Cork's Barry O'Driscoll admitted that his side
While not dismissing another Leinster title success, Kilkenny forward TJ Reid believes the "work only starts now" a
Anna Geary reports on Wexford v Limerick in the Liberty Insurance Senior Camogie Championship.
Colm O'Rourke and Joe Brolly were full of praise for the way Cork stood up and were counted in their draw with Kerr


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The Journal Sentinel education reporters offer news and notes from their beat
Green Bay, others voting to extend teacher contracts
In action that could undermine Gov. Scott Walker's attempts to curtail the bargaining rights of teachers and other public-sector workers, a number of school boards around Wisconsin are extending or renewing contracts with their teachers into the next school year.
The Green Bay School Board met for seven hours Sunday and scheduled a Monday night vote on a possible extension into the 2011-'12 school year of its teachers contract.
Within the last week, school boards and teachers in Columbus, Onalaska and Superior also have reached agreements for the next year, according to news reports.
Neither the Wisconsin Education Association Council nor the Wisconsin Association of School Boards was able to provide numbers of how many school districts have recently settled contracts into the next year. But representatives for both organizations said they had seen a lot of activity and heard press reports about numerous districts reaching agreements.
"People are settling so fast I have to believe schools don't have contracts to sign yet," said Barry Forbes, a staff attorney for WASB, who said he had talked to two more school districts on Monday that are thinking about offering teachers one-year contract extensions.
"I would expect that teachers unions in every school district that doesn't have a settlement are talking about this," he said.
WASB has advised its members against entering into contracts, even now that they know the details of Walker's 2011-'13 budget proposal that would slash school aids by $834 million and lower revenue limits by 5.5% per pupil. Because the state constitution forbids the passage of state laws that interfere with contracts, any contract extensions or renewals would not be affected if the state Legislature were to ratify the collective bargaining rollbacks in Walker's budget-repair bill.
Forbes said there still are too many fiscal uncertainties for the coming school year and school officials might want some of the freedoms that are offered by the budget-repair bill. That bill forbids school districts and local governments from bargaining with most public sector workers unions about anything except inflation-restriction wage increases.
Those districts that are entering into agreements with teachers are doing so out of concern for labor peace and employee security, WEAC spokeswoman Christina Brey said. "The bottom line is to make sure there's that feeling of security, there's not that feeling of chaos where they don't know what's coming up in the next year," said Brey, whose organization is the largest teachers union in the state.
Both Brey and Forbes noted that the settlements usually include some sort of salary schedule freeze as well as the benefit concessions sought by the governor -- with employees paying 5.8% of their salaries toward their pensions and 12.6% of their health insurance premiums.
Walker has criticized unions in some municipalities and school districts for "rushing" through agreements that don't include such concessions.
But Columbus Superintendent Bryan Davis told the Beaver Dam Daily Citizen that the district gets both financial concessions and a stable teaching force with its one-year contract extension. "Everything was done in the spirit of unity and moving things forward for the district," he said.
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Three guys three KTM's and 7 days of WA,Idaho & Montana
View Single Post
"Let's Ride"
Joined: Mar 2007
Location: Vancouver, WA
Oddometer: 277
Day 2 supplemental
Well, looks like Marty posted day 2. So here's my take.
Night 1 was spent at Hells Gate State Park between Lewiston and Asotin, by the way.
I'm running with the Kolpin fuel/water cells as I mentioned earlier, but Marty and Tom are using Touratech 2liter jugs mounted to their Gobi's. I don't know if we've got any pictures of their set up, but it was rather distressing watching them try to fill these buggers with petrol using a high flow station nozzle and a funnel. Petrol was everywhere. Not to mention the TT jugs bulge a bit and when they went to put them into the brackets, they oozed fuel. Sum bitch.
Crossing into Oregon--say, Marty, you forgot to mention Oregon in the title.
After leaving the canyon and getting up onto the ridge, it was beautiful, high altitude prairie land with trees. Right out of a scene in the history books.
After lunch at Buckhorn Overlook (which was mindblowing), we got on a really cool road (the one with the barbed wire gates we had to open/close). And I got railing really good, lofting the front wheel over small rises in the road, and doing some jumps on the dry mud puddles. Wahoo fun!
Uh oh! something doesn't look right.
Too much stress.
Bent her pretty good. I want to stress that I don't fault the BlackDog CW tail rack one bit. The tailrack is a good piece of hardware and for its intended usage, can do some amazing things. BUT, loading up 26+ pounds of deadweight at a height of about 12 inches on the very tippy end of this thing, about 6 inches from the nearest mounting bolts, is just too much to ask. In my set up, I should have added some strengthening bar stock or angle iron to stiffen the rack. But, I'm just lazy that way.
No worries, we just straightened it out the best we could, add some straps, and Tom gives it a go on the 950 riding backwards, so all is good.
Mighty town of Imnaha. Great folks inside. Be sure to stop in and say howdy, although we hear the owners want to sell the place and retire. Hope the new owners will be as welcoming to ADV riders as they were.
Inmate alert!!! We were at Fish Weir and in rolls a Beemer coming back from a BMOW Rally. Yeah, you just keep your distance from these purdy KTMs...
Camped at Woodhead Park operated by Idaho Power.
mrudy--Vancouver (not BC), WA (not DC)
Member--NMA, OMRA, BRC, AMA, NRA-Life Member
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text:
It's not racism
I am really disgusted by the suggestion of Robert Scheer's article and others that opposition to the Affordable Care Act is racist. It is just absurd. It may be true that Southern state governors have not bought into the law and setting up exchanges but it is not because race, it is their genuine belief that the ACA fundamentally changes American society in a negative way. There is a great cultural divide in our country as to what kind of country we want to be. Southern States tend to have a more traditional view in respect to values and culture and want the government to leave them alone. This is not about race, but about the character of the nation. Just because people disagree with the president does not make them racists and the claim is juvenile. So stop it.
Michael Hall
New Orleans
Oct 9 2013 - 3:03pm


text:
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You can now invite anyone to meet at your favorite Starbucks.
Limited-time feature
41 year old woman | Windermere, FL, USA | Seeking men 34-45 within 25 miles
I'm looking for my best friend .
I'm fun loving and energetic and am looking for a man that can keep up with me. You could probably call me a gym rat as I love to work out. I do have a fairly dry sense of humor and a giddy sarcasm and can appreciate the same. I would be content to hang out and watch a movie or spend the afternoon at Universal or running over to the beach. I am looking for someone I can laugh and cut up with but can also be caring and respectful. I would prefer someone who is kind of heart but has a strong exterior. I am looking for someone real and down to earth.
Coffee and conversation , Dining out , Movies/Videos , Music and concerts , Shopping/Antiques
Aerobics, Martial arts, Weights / Machines
I exercise 3-4 times per week.
I like Cats, Dogs
Middle of the Road
Gold's Gym, Bonefish
Trident Technical College, Charleston, SC
Music: Country, Hip Hop, Alternative, Mentalist, True Blood
Spend time with family, going to the movies, going to the beach, going to the mall, or universal studios.
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
|What she is looking for
|5'3" (160cms)
|5'10" (177cms) to 6'2" (187cms)
|Body type:
|About average
|Slender, About average, Athletic and toned
|Blue, Brown, Grey, Green, Hazel
|Dark brown
|Black, Light brown, Dark brown, Blonde, Dark blonde
|Yes, but trying to quit
|No Way, Occasionally, Daily, Yes, but trying to quit
|Social Drinker
|Social Drinker, Moderately
|I'll tell you later
|No preference
|Less Than $25,000
|No preference
|Never Married
|Never Married, Divorced
|Have kids:
|Yes, and they sometimes live at home, Yes, and they live away from home, Yes, and they live at home
|Wants kids:
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|Asian, White / Caucasian
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|Spiritual but not religious
|Christian / Catholic, Spiritual but not religious, Other, Christian / Other
|Some college
|No preference


text:
loop analog synth 120bpm acid bleeps techno trance arpeggio
A few beats and sounds I been creating at an alarming rate! Have Fun!
A Drop loop.
Another loop at 166BPM, glitchy, minimal, weird, useless.
Just a random percussion patch recorded from an MS10.
judging from the file names, these are some amen breaks. i uploaded these a while ago i guess i forgot ...
Compressed techno drums completely free for whatever.
Beats recorded from my modified Roland TR-606 analog drummachine
Mangled drum loop from a circuit bent kid's keyboard. Snares are majorly glitched.
processed with a KP3.
Modular system beats
Techy loops made by AudioFlow.
clicking and growling loop. made with sounds from freesound.
Actual human burp unprocessed recorded during test of wind screen on abrasive wind noise of high velocity.
I did some experimental jam with a Sherman Filterbank 2. I had a constant (sine wave i think) signal going ...


text:
Awesome story of a beta male who becomes a death merchant, (collector of souls) Funny to the last page. Fisher Stevens does an outstanding job.
1st book in one of the best trilogies on audible. If you like comedy and vampires add this to your must listen to list. Always funny and sometimes creepy. Each book gets better than the last.
Great book for the young adult. Tries out an original story line but falls back on the old tried and true Vampire lore. Not a bad attempt. Not a thriller, Not that funny, just okay.


text:
Corn Stuffed Zucchini
|3 Pound, halved lengthwise (2 medium ones, 1 1/2 lb each)
|3 Tablespoon
|1⁄3 Cup (5.33 tbs), chopped
|Green pepper
|1⁄3 Cup (5.33 tbs), chopped
|Frozen corn
|10 Ounce, thawed (1 package)
|Dried tarragon leaves
|1 Teaspoon
|1⁄4 Teaspoon
1 Scoop the pulp from the zucchini halves using a spoon, leaving 1/4-inch shell intact.
2 Sprinkle the shells with 1/8 teaspoon salt.
3 Chop the zucchini pulp and set aside.
4 In a 1-quart micro wave-safe dish, add butter and microwave at high (100 percent power),for 1 minute, or until melted.
5 Add in the zucchini pulp, onion and green pepper; microwave at high (100 percent power),for 3 minutes.
6 Stir in the corn, tarragon, 1/8 tea spoon salt and the pepper and microwave at high (100 percent power), 2 minutes.
7 Mound the vegetable mixture into zucchini halves.
8 In a shallow microwave safe dish, arrange the filled zucchini shells and cover using waxed paper.
9 Microwave at high (100 percent power),for 6 to 8 minutes, or until zucchini is just tender.
10 Remove from the oven.
11 Allow to stand covered for 3 to 5 minutes before serving.


text:
Product Information
When She Loved Me from Toy Story 2 - Digital Sheet Music
from Walt Disney Pictures' Toy Story 2 - A Pixar Film
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When She Loved Me digital sheet music. Contains printable sheet music plus an interactive, downloadable digital sheet music file.
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* This product is available worldwide
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text:
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA)
Loans: $1,000 - $15,000
Home assessment: up to $300
The Keystone HELP Program is designed to help homeowners improve energy efficiency with special financing for high-efficiency heating, air conditioning, insulation, windows, doors, and "whole house" improvements. Principally supported by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, the Pennsylvania Treasury Department and the Pennsylvania Housing Finance Agency, the Keystone HELP program is administered by AFC First Financial Corporation, a Pennsylvania energy efficiency lender. The EnergyWorks Efficiency Loan Program is a special offshoot of Keystone HELP which offers special, lower interest rates to qualifying homeowners in Bucks, Chester, Delaware, Montgomery, and Philadelphia counties.
Pennsylvania homeowners who own and make qualifying improvements to their one- or two-unit primary residence located within the eligible counties, and whose combined annual household income does not exceed $250,000 are eligible to apply for loans under this program. All installed equipment and material must be new, and work must be performed by a qualifying contractor. A list of qualifying contractors is available on the program web site. The following types of loans are available for energy efficiency improvements:
* '''Energy Improvements with Air Sealing (CAPP) Loans''' (unsecured) are for heating, cooling, insulation and other Energy Star qualified improvements that are part of a comprehensive project of blower door directed air sealing and other energy saving measures recommended by a BPI-certified contractor. The loan range is $1,000 - $15,000 with a fixed interest rate of 0.99% on a 3, 5, or 10 year loan term. For home assessments there is also a promotional rate of $150 (a $250 savings) and a further $50 rebate is available if $1,000 or more in energy improvements are made.
* '''Energy Star Loans''' (unsecured) are for the installation of qualifying Energy Star improvements or other improvements that meet program criteria. The loan range is $1,000 - $15,000. The rate is 5.99% (fixed). The term options are 3, 5 or 10 years. Note: Cooling and windows are not eligible for the EnergyWorks 5.99% rate, but are eligible for the 8.99% rate under the statewide Keystone HELP program.
* '''Advanced Performance Energy Star Loans''' (unsecured) are for the installation of qualifying improvements that exceed Energy Star standards. The loan range is $1,000 - $15,000. The rate is 4.99% (fixed). The term options are 3, 5 or 10 years. Note: Cooling is not eligible for the EnergyWorks 4.99% rate, but is eligible for the 7.99% rate under the statewide Keystone HELP program.
Prospective participants should note that each loan offering has distinct list of eligible energy efficiency improvement measures and equipment standards. All loans are unsecured and do not carry any penalties for pre-payment. Residents who qualify for the loans described above also qualify of other loan offerings through the general, [http://www.dsireusa.org/incentives/incentive.cfm?Incentive_Code=PA19F&re... Statewide Keystone HELP Energy Efficiency Loan Program]. Please see the program web site listed at the top of this page for additional program details.


text: Smoke rises from chimneys of coal-based power plants in the Sonbhadra District of Uttar Pradesh, India. The Washington Post/Getty Images hide caption itoggle caption The Washington Post/Getty Images Goats and Soda Young Indians Learn To Fight Pollution To Save Lives February 25, 2015 India's air pollution is so bad that it shortens many people's lives by about three years, a study found. This week Al Gore visited New Delhi to link bad air to climate change. Listen Loading… 4:48 Playlist Download Embed Embed Close embed modal <iframe src="http://www.npr.org/player/embed/388901963/388901964" width="100%" height="290" frameborder="0" scrolling="no">


text:
A cell culture reactor system is provided for the growth of cells in vitro which employs elongate hollow or solid fibers arranged in a shallow layer configuration as a matrix for cell attachment in which the flow path of the culture media is directed substantially uniformly through the fiber layer and substantially transverse to the plane of the elongate axes of the fibers.
1. In the method of culturing mammalian cells in vitro whereby the cell growth attaches onto a plurality of elongate fibers disposed in a cell culture reactor having culture medium inlet and outlet means, the improvement comprising employing said fibers in a shallow layer configuration and distributing the culture medium with distributor plate means in a flow path substantially uniformly through said fiber layer and substantially, transverse to the plane of the elongate axes of said fibers.
2. The method of claim 1 in which the distributing is carried out by causing the culture medium to flow through an inlet distributor plate having a plurality of small openings therethrough and being positioned substantially parallel to said fiber layer and between said fiber layer and said medium inlet means.
3. The method of claim 1 in which the distributor plate is a micrometallic filter.
4. The method of claim 3 in which the micrometallic filter has a pore size of from about 0.5 to about 10 microns.
5. The method of claim 3 in which an outlet micrometallic filter having a pore size of from about 10 to about 100 microns is positioned substantially parallel to said fiber layer and between said fiber layer and said medium outlet means.
6. The method of claim 1 in which the fiber layer comprises from one to about 50 thicknesses of individual fibers.
This invention relates to a method and apparatus for the culturing of cells.
The culturing of living cells in vitro is desired for a variety of purposes such as the preparation of viral vaccines, the recovery of valuable by-products of the cell metabolism and the production of tissue-like densities for creating artificial organs.
Various procedures have been developed previously for the culturing of cells in vitro. One widely used method involves attaching and growing the cells on the interior surface of glass or plastic roller tubes and bottles. This method is exemplified by use of the Flow tube (Flow Laboratories) disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,450,598. Another procedure used heretofore attaches and grows the cells on the flat side of appropriately shaped stationary containers such as, for example, the ordinary petri dish or rectangular shaped culture plates. The flat surface method also has been employed in apparatus having a stack of plates comprising a continuous plastic sheet arranged around a set of spaced-apart supports as illustrated in U.S. Pat. No. 3,843,454. Instead of using bare glass or plastic as the support surface for growing cells as monolayers, collagen-coated glass also has been employed. In order to provide a 3-dimensional support matrix for cell culturing, use of a collagen-coated cellulose sponge has been suggested heretofore.
Further background information on these and other such conventional cell culturing methods can be had by reference to a standard text in the field such as Kruse and Patterson, "Tissue Culture Methods and Applications," Academic Press, New York, 1973.
Recently, the use of hollow fibers or synthetic capillaries has been disclosed as a support matrix for the propagation of cells. This use was reported by Knazek, Science 178, 65-67 (1972), and specific apparatus for this cell culturing method is described in U.S. pat. Nos. 3,821,087 and 3,883,393. The apparatus comprises a bundle of ultrafiltration fibers retained in a cylindrical shell or cartridge. In essence, the apparatus employs membrane perfusion by artificial capillaries. The extensive surface area of the hollow fiber system allows selective transport through the fiber walls and facilitates molecular exchange between the stream flowing through the fiber interiors and a liquid which bathes the outer surfaces of the fibers by a simple gradient diffusion. This hollow fiber apparatus is further described by Knazek in Federation Proc. 33, 1978-81 (1974), and in Exptl. Cell Res. 84, 251-4 (1974) wherein it is used to produce HCG hormone from human choriocarcinoma cells at a rate eleven times higher than that grown on 75 cm.2 monolayer flasks (Falcon). Cartridge apparatus of the type disclosed by Knazek is commercially available from Amicon Corporation and its use in cell culturing is described in American Lab. October 1974, pp. 33-38.
Notwithstanding the usefulness of the Knazek apparatus and method, it has been found in practice that employment of the bundle or cartridge configuration with fluid flow of culture medium through the elongate capillary membranes prevents complete penetration of the fiber bundle by the cells and sets up an undesirable gradient of medium flow. The inability of the cells to fully penetrate the fiber bundle results in uneven dispersion of the cells and incomplete utilization of the available fiber surface for cell attachment. The undesirable gradient consists of an uneven distribution and utilization of liquid culture medium. As the medium flows through the reactor, nutrients are more available to the cells near the inlet, and as the medium flows to the outlet, metabolic products such as lactic acid accumulate in the medium, thereby undesirably affecting pH and producing other toxic effects on the cells.
In accordance with the present invention, a method and apparatus for the growth of cells in vitro is provided which employs elongate hollow or solid fibers in a shallow layer configuration as a matrix for cell attachment in which the flow path of culture media is directed substantially uniformly through the fiber layer and substantially normal or transverse to the plane of the elongate axes of the fibers. A relatively shallow bed of fibers and a relatively short path of media flow are thus employed whereby the gradient of nutrients and metabolic products is substantially reduced from that produced by the bundle or cartridge configuration of the prior art and a more extensive utilization of fiber surface is obtained. By the term shallow layer is meant a layer or bed in which the length and width are substantially greater than the distance therebetween or thickness of the layer.
In the present invention, several variations of the cell culture method and apparatus are contemplated by the inventors. While the specification concludes with claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter regarded as forming the present invention, it is believed that the invention and its advantages will be better understood from the following description of the preferred embodiments taken in connection with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a perspective of one embodiment of the cell culture apparatus of the invention.
FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the apparatus of FIG. 1 showing the internal parts.
FIG. 3 is an end view taken along the line 3--3 of FIG. 1.
FIG. 4 is an exploded view of another embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 5 is a perspective of yet another embodiment of the invention.
Turning now to FIGS. 1 to 3 of the drawings, reference numeral 10 refers generally to a cell culture reactor. Reactor 10 is comprised of a generally rectangular parallelipiped housing 11 having separable lower part 12 and upper part 13. Lower housing part 12 has parallel sidewalls 14 and 15 and parallel endwalls 16 and 17. Similarly, upper housing part 13 has parallel sidewalls 18 and 19 and parallel endwalls 20 and 21. In upper housing part 13, the lower portions of walls 18, 19, 20 and 21 are recessed to fit snugly within the confines of the inner sides of walls 14, 15, 16 and 17, respectively, of lower housing part 12, while the upper flange portions of walls 18, 19, 20 and 21 are adapted to seat flush on the upper rim of walls 14, 15, 16 and 17.
The two parts of housing 11 are suitably secured together with conventional fastener means such as clamps, screws, or bolts 37 with wing nuts 22 as illustrated, and the like means. An adhesive closure means for the two housing parts also can be employed, if desired.
In the closed position, parts 12 and 13 define a chamber 23 inside the housing. The bottom wall 24 of the housing is essentially flat; whereas, the top wall 25 of the housing, as illustrated, has a generally conical shape whereby chamber 23 decreases in depth in all directions as it radiates from the center of top wall 25.
Disposed in the walls of reactor 10 and communicating with chamber 23 are media inlet ports 26 and 27 in the bottom part of housing 11, and media outlet port 28 in the center of the top part of the housing. The media inlet ports also communicate with a media supply source and pumping or gravity feeding means (not shown) while the media outlet port also communicates with a spent media collection vessel (not shown). An access port 29, which can be used for inoculation and sampling, also is disposed within the top part of housing 11. Each of ports 26, 27, 28 and 29 have adapters 30, 31, 32 and 33, respectively, which can be used for regulation of the media flow and the distribution of media into the cell reactor.
A layer of elongate fibers 34 is arranged in a relatively shallow, flat bed configuration within chamber 23 and supported by a rectangular distributor plate 35. A plurality of small openings 36 are substantially equidistantly spaced apart on the surface of plate 35 for upward passage of media. These openings or perforations can be, for example, from about 1 to about 10 millimeters in diameter and can be conveniently spaced apart, for example, up to about ten centimeters apart. Plate 35 is suitably mounted within chamber 23 such that it lies in a substantially horizontal plane above the media inlets 26 and 27. Such mounting can be provided by conventional support means such as brackets, flanges, adhesive sealing and the like means.
The elongate fibers which are used for cell attachment in the cell culture reactor 10 can be hollow tubes or solid filaments ranging generally from about 100 to about 1000 microns in diameter. These fibers can be produced from any suitable material which is non-toxic to the cells and can be appropriately spun into fibers and which permits cell attachment thereto. Suitable materials include, for example, various acrylonitrile polymers, styrene polymers, polyionic polymers, polycarbonates, polysulfones, polycarbohydrates such as cellulose and cellulose derivatives, for example, cellulose acetate, triacetate and propionate esters, polypeptides such as collagen, silicone rubber polymers (for example, Dow Silastic), fluorocarbons (for example, Du Pont Teflon), and the like synthetic resins. Examples of suitable fibers made from these materials and methods of their production are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos., 3,228,876; 3,583,907; 3,691,068; and 3,821,087.
The fibers can be disposed in a parallel manner as shown in FIG. 2 or can be arranged, for example, in an ordered or randomly distributed mesh form. The fiber bed also can comprise several thicknesses of individual fibers superimposed one upon the other, and generally use of from about one to about 50 such thicknesses of fibers is suitable. Separate layers of fibers can be interspersed with support plates or spacers, if desired. These support plates or spacers can be similar to distributor plate 35 or can be screens and the like means which allow passage of the culture media. The fiber bed also can be a continuous length of fiber which is folded or pleated in a suitable manner to form a plurality of elongate strands or segments which ply the horizontal dimensions of the chamber. A continuous filament also can be wrapped around a screen or support plate and thereby conveniently provide two or more thicknesses of fibers in the bed. If desired, the fiber bed also can be arranged in upright, inclined, folded, sinusoidal, convoluted, or other such configurations as long as a relatively shallow layer of fibers and a relatively short path of media flow are maintained in which the media flow path is directed substantially uniformly through the fiber bed and substantially transverse to the plane of the elongate axes of the fibers.
The fiber bed preferably has a generally square horizontal cross section to facilitate uniform distribution of culture media in all directions.
In an illustrative example of a bed of fibers for a square reactor having bed dimensions of 10 cm � 10 cm., about 300 fibers each having a diameter of 3.4 � 10-2 cm. ideally can be placed side-by-side in one layer. A reactor with five such fiber layers will then have an effective fiber surface for cell attachment of about 1600 cm.2.
It will be appreciated that the cell reactor of this invention is not limited to the foregoing specific dimensions as other configurations will be apparent from the disclosure herein.
In operation of an illustrative reactor, cell culture medium is fed into chamber 23 through inlet ports 26 and 27. The medium is inoculated through port 29 with a seed culture of a suitable mammalian cell line and the culture incubated at a temperature of from about 20� C to about 40� C, preferably at about 35�-37� C. During the incubation, periodic changes of media can be made, with the spent medium being expelled through outlet port 28 and fresh medium again being supplied through inlet ports 26 and 27. If desired, the culture medium can be aerated by conventional means prior to its being fed into the cell culture reactor. Following incubation, the desired metabolities or by-products of the cell growth can be isolated from the spent medium. Samples of macromolecular materials can be withdrawn through access port 29 at any desired time during the incubation. The reactor preferably is operated continuously whereby inlet ports 26 and 27 and outlet port 28 are kept in an open position and adjusted to any desired rate of flow of culture medium by suitable pumping or gravity feeding means.
The culture medium flows into the lower part of chamber 23 beneath perforated plate 35 which thereby serves as a manifold means to provide uniform distribution of the medium and a flow path which is upward and transverse to the plane of the elongate axes of the fibers. The reduction of the depth of the upper part of chamber 23 in a manner dependent upon its distance from the media outlet 28 assists in the uniform collection of the spent media across the top of the bed of fibers in a manner which corresponds to the demand for the media passing across the fibers, thereby resulting in improved uniformity of flow throughout the chamber.
The combination of the flow path which is transverse to the bed of fibers and the relatively short length of flow through the fiber bed provides a more uniform culture media flow than obtained otherwise with parallel flow through a bundle of capillaries as employed in the prior art. It also promotes a more even distribution of cell growth on the fibers and greater utilization of the available fiber surface. The configuration of the reactor of this invention thereby overcomes the deficiencies in the prior art parallel flow reactors in which cells cannot adequately penetrate the fiber bundle and in which nutrients are utilized at the inlet end with gradual nutrient depletion and undesirable metabolite production as the media flow reaches the distal end of the reactor.
Referring now to FIG. 4, a modified cell culture reactor of this invention comprising lower and upper housing parts 12 and 13, respectively, is disclosed. Media inlets 26 and 27, and media outlet 28 are essentially the same as in FIGS. 1 to 3, as is access port 29 and the layer of fibers 34. However, a micrometallic filter 40 has been substituted for the perforated distributor plate 35 of FIGS. 1 to 3. The micrometallic filter can be made of stainless steel, for example, and preferably has a pore size ranging from about 0.5 to about 10 microns. It advantageously provides a still more even distribution of culture media than provided by distributor plate 35. The fiber bed also can be sandwiched between a pair of micrometallic filters, in which case the lower filter 40 serves as a distributor plate while the upper filter 41 serves as a diffusion barrier to prevent cells from passing through the outlet port and to stop back-flow of spent media. The upper filter preferably has a pore size ranging from about 10 to about 100 microns. In the latter embodiment, the access port 29 should be located below the horizontal plane of the upper filter, and the top 42 of the reactor preferably will be flat rather than concave as shown in FIGS. 1-3.
Referring to FIG. 5, a cell culture reactor 10 similar to that of FIGS. 1 to 3 is disclosed except that additional means are provided for aeration during the incubation. In this embodiment, the elongate fiber segments are hollow and permeable to air and oxygen, and the reactor is provided with gas inlet and outlet conduit means for communicating with the interior of the hollow fibers. Thus, oppositely disposed gas inlet port 50 and gas outlet port 51 are provided in the housing endwalls 16 and 17, respectively. Gas inlet port 50 permits the entry of air or oxygen through a header in endwall 16 and thence into the open ends of the hollow fibers embedded therein, and gas outlet port 51 permits the removal of exhaust gas from the other ends of the fibers similarly embedded in a header in endwall 17. Fresh culture media enters inlet ports 26 and 27 and spent media is expelled through outlet port 28 as before. Similarly, access for inoculation and sampling is obtained through port 29 as in the embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 3. Adapters 52 and 53 facilitate control of the flow of air or oxygen through the cell culture reactor.
It will be appreciated that many other modifications and variations can be made to the particular embodiments of the invention described hereinbefore without departing from the basic and novel concepts of the invention. For example, other ports such as overflow ports or additional access and feed ports can be provided in the reactor at various convenient locations in the reactor walls. In the embodiments having a plurality of fiber layers, suitable spacers can be employed to impart any desired spaced-apart relationship between the respective layers. The separable upper and lower housing parts can have other suitable shoulder means to provide fluid-tight engagement of the parts. The ends of the fibers can be secured to the sidewalls or endwalls of the reactor or they can be secured in a removable header with potting means such as epoxy and the like settable organic cement materials which can act as a sealant for the fibers. The media inlet ports can additionally have small openings circumferentially spaced about a tubular conduit leading into the reactor chamber to provide a radial dispersion of the fresh culture media.
The shallow bed cell culture reactor of this invention also lends itself to multiple unit configurations. For example, a plurality of the reactors can be readily shelved in an incubator to provide a cell culturing system with all the advantages described herein on a large scale basis.
The materials of construction of the reactor can be metal or plastic materials which lend themselves to fabrication of a relatively rigid structure. Injection molded plastic parts and fabricated metal parts generally can be used for the reactor. Use of clear plastic materials such as, for example, polycarbonate, polystyrene and methyl acrylate plastics, are preferred when it is desired to facilitate visual observation of the cell growth. Use of stainless steel is preferred for its adaptability to steam sterilization. In general, biologically inert materials should be used for fabrication of any parts of the reactor which will come into contact with the culture media and the growth products.
The following examples will further illustrate the invention although it will be appreciated that the invention is not limited to these specific examples. Thus, the particular cell lines and culture media used in these examples have been employed merely as representative of cell lines and culture media well-known in the art and the invention is not limited thereto. For example, other established mammalian cell lines such as human lung fibroblast (WI-38), rhesus monkey kidney cells (MK-2), and cervical carcinoma cells (HeLa), and other conventional culture media such as Eagle's basal medium and Earle's or Hank's balanced salt solutions can be used in the method and apparatus of the invention. So also, the specific inoculation, incubation and harvesting procedures employed in these examples are for illustrative purposes only and the inventors are not bound by these specific procedures. Other well-known cell culture procedures can be adapted to the method and apparatus of this invention as will be apparent to the person skilled in the art.
Simian virus 40 transformed 3T3 mouse embryo fibroblast (SV3T3) cells were grown to confluency in a 75 cm.2 Falcon tissue culture flask containing 10 ml. of a culture medium consisting of Dulbecco's modified Minimum Essential Medium (MEM) containing 10% fetal calf serum. After removing the spent culture medium from the flask, the cell growth was trypsinized with 2 ml. of 0.25% trypsin in phosphate buffered saline for several minutes and the trypsin was then inactivated by dilution with another 10 ml. portion of the same culture medium. The cells were dispersed and then transferred to a sterile syringe for inoculation of a cell culture reactor as follows.
A flat bed cell culture reactor of the present invention as described hereinbefore was gas sterilized with ethylene oxide, washed with sterile water to remove ethylene oxide residue and then equilibrated by priming with Dulbecco's modified Minimum Essential Medium (MEM) containing 2% fetal calf serum. The reactor was constructed of Plexiglas methyl acrylate plastic and contained a fiber bed having dimensions of 4 inches by 4 inches by one-half inch deep. The bed consisted of 472 linear feet of a continuous strand of hollow capillary fiber wrapped around three nylon polyester open-mesh screens in substantially uniform thickness. The fiber strand had an outside diameter of 340 microns and was spun from Amicon XM-50 (polyvinyl chloride-acrylic copolymer) plastic. A 4 inch by 4 inch by 1/8 inch thick perforated distributor plate was disposed directly beneath the fiber bed.
The reactor was inoculated with 10 ml. of the above-prepared cell suspension (containing 5 � 106 cells per ml) and incubated at 37� C for five hours with occasional shaking to promote a more even attachment of cells to the fibers. Following the inoculation, Dulbecco's modified Minimum Essential Medium containing 2% fetal calf serum was pumped into the reactor at the rate of 10 ml. per hour and directed through the perforated distributor plate in an upward flow path transverse to the horizontal plane of the elongate axis of the fibers.
The flow rate was gradually increased to a maximum rate of 60 ml. per hour as the cell density increased, with incubation being terminated after 24 days.
At the termination of incubation, the cells were harvested by dismantling the reactor and thoroughly washing the reactor chamber contents in normal physiological saline. The cells that sloughed off in the wash, and the fiber bed with other cells still attached to the fibers (the majority of the cells), were treated with 1N NaOH for 15 hours to digest the entire cell growth. The digest was then frozen and retained for DNA analysis to estimate the number of cells harvested.
The above cell culturing procedure was repeated in a similar flat bed reactor except that the total incubation time was 59 days.
For comparative purposes, the foregoing cell culture procedures were repeated in a cartridge type cell culture reactor employing parallel fluid flow and a fiber surface equivalent to that of the flat bed reactor. About 800 individual hollow capillary fibers of the same material and diameter as above were arranged in a cartridge bundle 2 cm. in diameter and 20 cm. in length. The culture medium, instead of being directed transverse to the bed of fibers as with the flat bed reactor, flowed from the inlet at one end of the cartridge to the outlet at the other end of the cartridge. Separate incubations were carried out for 24 hours and 59 hours as above the flat bed cell culture reactor.
The DNA analyses for the cells harvested in the above tests are set forth in the following table:
______________________________________ Incubation CellReactor Time in Analysis CellType Days mg. DNA Equivalent*______________________________________Flat Bed 24 18.374 1.837�109Flat Bed 59 18.84 1.84 � 109Cartridge 24 4.668 0.4668 � 109Cartridge 59 11.836 1.18 � 109______________________________________ *Estimated at 10 μg. DNA = 106 cells
In addition to producing a greater number of cells more rapidly as shown above, the flat bed reactor provided a more uniform attachment of cells over the available fiber surface than did the cartridge reactor.
The cell culture procedures of Example 1 were repeated in a flat bed reactor of this invention using a fiber bed comprising:
(a) polysulfone fiber having an outside diameter of 560 microns and a total length of 414 feet, and
(b) polyacrylonitrile fiber having an outside diameter of 757 microns and a total length of 293 feet.
The cell harvests were estimated by DNA analysis to be equivalent too:
(a) 1.9 � 109 cells from the polysulfone fibers after 31 days of incubation, and
(b) 2.295 � 109 cells from the polyacrylonitrile fibers after 34 days of incubation.
Baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells (ATCC No. CCL 10) are cultured in a sterilized flat bed cell culture reactor of this invention, using Dulbecco's modified Minimal Essential Medium containing 10% fetal calf sersum, and aeration of the medium over a 23 day incubation period. Similar good cell propagation results as in Examples 1 and 2 obtained.
In the foregoing examples, the Dulbecco's modified Minimum Essential Medium is a standard commercially available culture medium obtained from Microbiological Associates, Bethesda, Maryland, under Catalog Number 11-305, as Dulbecco's MEM, 4.5 grams per liter glucose; see In Vitro, Vol. 6. No. 2, pp. 89-94 (1970).
Various other modifications and adaptations of the invention will be apparent to the person skilled in the art after reading the foregoing disclosure without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and it is intended that all such modifications and adaptations come within the scope of the appended claims.
Patent Citations
Non-Patent Citations
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Entries in 'MCV USA' (1402)
Steam top ten sellers chart: July 20-26
Divinity: Original Sin continued its Steam chart dominance in the month of July, finishing in the top spot on Valve's top sellers list for the third consecutive week.
GameStop: Only 40 per cent of our customers know about game trade program
Less than half of GameStop customers are aware of the store's trade-in program, president Tony Bartel has claimed.
Crytek insists future is secure as additional funding is sourced
Crytek has released a statement acknowledging the recent reports surrounding the company's financial issues.
Sonic Boom gets November dates for 3DS, Wii U
Sonic the Hedgehog reboot Sonic Boom will release for 3DS and Wii U this November, Sega has announced.
Kingdom Hearts HD 2.5 Remix 'Limited Edition' joins December launch
Square Enix has announced a limited edition for the upcoming Kingdom Hearts HD 2.5 Remix compilation.
Google commits to $1bn purchase of Twitch - report
Google is finalizing a $1bn deal to acquire streaming video network Twitch, a new report claims.
Lara Croft and the Temple of Osiris lands in December
Crystal Dynamics isometric action adventure game Lara Croft and the Temple of Osiris will launch in December.
Boss Key reveals core development team
Cliff Bleszinski's new studio Boss Key Productions has confirmed a new wave of hires, bringing on industry veterans from Call of Duty, Far Cry and Bleszinski's own Gears of War ...
Sony agrees to $15m settlement in 2011 PSN data breach suit
Sony has agreed to a preliminary settlement of $15m in a class action lawsuit regarding its 2011 security breach.
Riot tests instant, permanent bans for toxic League of Legends players
Riot Games is attempting to crack down on the "extreme" toxic behavior that has plagued the online play of the studio's popular MOBA League of Legends for years.
Average game developer salary down from 2012
The average salary for game developers saw a year-on-year decrease of 2 per cent in 2013, according to the latest Game Developer Salary Survey.
Halo composer Marty O'Donnell settles case with Bungie - report
Marty O'Donnell has settled his case against Bungie for terminating the studio's former composer "without cause."
Ubisoft bringing Tetris Ultimate to 3DS with exclusive content
Ubisoft has announced Tetris Ultimate is coming to Nintendo hardware after all, just not its Wii U console.
Early access contest winners crack and leak game's pre-release build
Upcoming FPS Modern Combat 5 has been cracked and uploaded onto multiple torrent websites ahead of its release.
Ratchet & Clank Collection lands on US Vitas this week
The Ratchet & Clank Collection will arrive tomorrow for US Vita owners, Sony has announced.
Walking Dead Season 2 Episode 4 arrives this week
The Walking Dead Season 2's fourth episode will launch this week across all platforms, Telltale has announced.
Game of War dev Machine Zone worth $3bn - report
US mobile studio Machine Zone is currently wrapping up a new round of fundraising that will value the developer at more than $3bn, a new report claims.
Steam top ten sellers chart: July 13-19
Divinity and DayZ continue to lead the pack on Steam's latest weekly top sellers, grabbing the chart's first and second positions respectively.
ESPN3 to air The International Dota 2 grand finals
The championship rounds of Dota 2 competition The International will air on ESPN3, Valve has announced.
PS4 top-selling console for sixth consecutive month in US
PlayStation 4 led US hardware sales for the sixth consecutive month and remains the life-to-date leader for next-gen hardware, Sony has announced.
Xbox Entertainment Studios to close
Microsoft's Phil Spencer has confirmed Xbox Entertainment Studios will close as part of the company's recently announced cost-cutting plan.
Vivendi execs mulled firing Kotick during Activision buyout - report
Vivendi executives considered firing Activision Blizzard CEO Bobby Kotick during last year's buyout deal, according to a new report.
Ubisoft hires freerunner Michael Zernow as Chief Parkour Officer
Ubisoft has created the world's first Chief Parkour Officer position to assist in the publisher's Assassin's Creed franchise, hiring noteworthy freerunner Michael "Frosti" Zernow to fill the new role.
Vita gem OlliOlli lands on Steam next week
Critically acclaimed skateboarding game OlliOlli will launch July 22nd on Steam, publisher Devolver Digital has announced.
GameStop: Majority of our digital revenue made at brick-and-mortar stores
Retailer GameStop has brought in significant digital revenue direct from its brick-and-mortar shops, company president Tony Bartel claims.


text:
Original recipe yields 1 servings
Amount per serving ({{servings}} total)
Based on a 2,000 calorie diet
Ready In
This is a good smoothie but I also add grapes and fresh ginger. The ginger gives it that extra zing. You can also substitute soy yogurt for the milk.
This was good. I doubled the recipe, but felt it could use something more... for more sweetness. Maybe I'll try peanut butter next time.
I don't drink soy milk so I used fat free milk and a teaspoon of vanilla flavoring. Next time, I'll use the whole banana.


text:
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There was 1 change of registrar (including domain drops) since 13 Jul, 2011
|Check Whois Analytics for laporan.net to get a complete Whois report including a list of all the domains with the same owner, admin or tech contact details.
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Buy Item $15.99 Add To Cart
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A bit of give will allow this to stretch a little; flat measurement across center front is 8.5". Neck opening is designed to slip easily over baby's head. See coordinating Christening ensembles at Christianbook.com.100% cotton romper; poly satin trim; washing instructions included.
|Format: Gift
Vendor: Stephan Baby
Publication Date: 2001
Availability: In Stock


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Recipe by Jenn Russo
"This is a very refreshing pie - perfect for summer barbecues. The combination of citrus and fresh apple flavors makes it sweet and an excellent alternative to the more fattening desserts. It takes a little time, but it is worth it!"
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double crust ready-to-use pie crust (such as Pillsbury®)
3 cups
1 cup
seedless oranges, thinly sliced
1/2 cup
packed brown sugar
1/4 teaspoon
ground cinnamon
1/8 teaspoon
ground ginger
Macintosh apples - peeled, cored, and thinly sliced
3 tablespoons
melted butter, divided
2 tablespoons
confectioners' sugar
This is apple pie brings to your senses and taste buds a surprisingly refreshing apple pie flavor with just a hint of sweetness. Not heavy like some apple pies can be. Even the little ones loved it. Perfect for picnics, or summertime pot lucks. It does take a bit more time to make but it is so worth it.
This pie turned out runny. I think it was because of the oranges. I suggest trying to add some flour in with the apple mixture to help thicken it up. The flavor wasn't that good to me either, but to each their own.
2 Ratings
* Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet.
Apple Citrus Pie
Serving Size: 1/8 of a recipe
Servings Per Recipe: 8
Amount Per Serving
** Calories: 539
** Calories from Fat: 176
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Apple pie baked in a rectangular pan with a crumble topping.
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Originally written on Fox Sports | Last updated 11/6/12
DeAngelo Williams was not pleased when he learned that the Carolina Panthers were deemed the Washington Redskins' ''homecoming'' opponent. He riled up his teammates by talking about it in a pregame speech, stashed a copy of the game program in his locker, then took to Twitter to rub it in after the Panthers' 21-13 victory. His conversation with reporters on the topic was one of the best locker room moments ever at the Redskins' stadium. ''You don't say you're going to have a `homecoming' in the National Football League,'' Williams said. ''You do it in college. It's one of those teams that's just terrible. You don't book, like, a good team for homecoming.'' So does he think the Panthers spoiled the homecoming dance? ''I don't know if they had a dance or anything,'' he said. ''I just know you don't give a team extra motivation by putting that on your program. Even just blatantly coming out and saying: `You're our homecoming game.''' But if the Panthers, 1-6 entering the game, wer...
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34 year old woman | Seattle, WA, USA | Seeking men 25-45 within 25 miles
I'm not a Taurus...but I used to drive one.
Folks tell me it's a firecracker mix, being an Irish-Italian Gemini. I just tell them to quit hogging the Jameson and ravioli. I get the whole naughty librarian or sexy librarian thing from my friends. That's cool I guess, but all of the librarians I knew growing up had semi-mullets and mom pants, so I don't know if I should be complimented when someone else is like "hey, you look like a sexy librarian." I guess in a pinch I just remind them to pay their overdue book fees whilst quietly stroking my partial mullet. I'm a writer/editor and musician who had to put on her big girl pants in terms of a J-O-B; I'm currently working in non-profit (it's a good gig). My work background has varied from higher ed, radio, publishing, TV broadcast, and pizza delivery in college. People continually inspire me with their ideas, beliefs, goals, and actions. I love getting to know new people, and making friends is something I hold quite dear. I like to be challenged, but not dominated. Emotional, mental, spiritual, and physical stimulation are musts. Anyone interested in me should know I'm funny, loving, but above all wonderfully weird. I'm continually a cornucopia of contradictions (I've always had an affinity for alliteration, obviously). I'm hysterically funny yet at times melancholy, erratic and erotic, extroverted physical comedian and introverted bleeding heart poet. The fellas that generally stop me in my tracks are very funny, handsome, whip smart, tall, love their mothers, and are kind. Bonus points for being able to grow a beard or have non-douchey tattoos (I'm looking at you Nick Lachey and your tribal armband circa 1999). It would be really cool to meet another artistic spirit (writer, musician, painter, etc) whether that be your hobby or your career. This has all been generic and light-hearted in terms of finding my mate, so let me get serious for a moment. I want someone who has grace, who can show kindness to strangers even when it may be unwarranted. I'm looking for someone who can smile with his eyes, find beauty and appreciation in the little things in life. He needs to be passionate about something (photography, running, drums, grilling, etc.) that he can not help but light up when he talks about it or does it. I am looking for a substantial relationship, one built with trust, honesty, open communication, and the importance of healthy love and physical intimacy. Yes of course he needs to be able to handle my "weird" but more than handle, he needs to be able to appreciate it and like the idiosyncratic nature of me not being cookie-cutter. I want what I have not been able to find yet: passionate partnership where we change each other for the better. One word or one line sentences will get you nowhere with me, so save your breath to cool your soup. "Hi. How are you?" *slow clap* Winks don't impress me; I'm not much into passive wooing.
Book club , Coffee and conversation , Cooking , Dining out , Movies/Videos , Museums and art , Music and concerts , Exploring new areas , Performing arts , Playing cards , Playing sports , Travel/Sightseeing , Volunteering , Watching sports , Wine tasting
Billiards / Pool, Martial arts, Running, Swimming, VolleyBall, Weights / Machines
I exercise 3-4 times per week.
I have Cats
If your idea of a good time is being lovingly mauled by my big-boned cat, we might get along. I'm perhaps a bit of a pretentious music nerd with the name I gave my cat: he's named after 4 musicians (classic rock and contemporary classical origins).
Tractor Tavern, Greenlake, Slave to the Needle, Tavern Law, Snappy Dragon, Chop Suey, The Neptune, Latona Pub, Tin Hat, St. Stephen's Green in Dublin, Five Island Lake, Puget Sound, Virgin Islands, and Lucca, Itlay
rock n roll, good friends, cherry pie, tattoos, cats and dogs, hugs, sunsets, jazz hands, green lights TV, film, music: Arrested Development, Parks and Rec, Kill Bill, Shortbus, The Beatles, The Black Keys, Bon Iver, The Envy Corps, Gustav Mahler.
Going to concerts Swimming (or other activities at the gym) Playing music Creative writing Watching movies Making my friends laugh Trying to convince my cat he needs to go on a diet Reading Playing classic board games (Scrabble, Monopoly) Hiking
The nutrition facts on a bag of orange candy slices. No nutritional value (shocker I know) but the last ingredient listed is Yellow No. 6. I've been picking at A Confederacy of Dunces for the past few years. My goal is to finish it in 2014.
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
|What she is looking for
|5'5" (165cms)
|5'10" (177cms) to 6'7" (200cms)
|Body type:
|Slender, About average, Athletic and toned
|No preference
|Light brown
|No preference
|No Way
|No Way
|Social Drinker
|No preference
|I'll tell you later
|No preference
|I'll tell you later
|No preference
|Never Married, Widow / Widower, Divorced
|Have kids:
|No preference
|Wants kids:
|I'll tell you later
|Definitely, Someday, Not sure, Probably not
|White / Caucasian
|No preference
In the summer I can go to a lovely color of off-white that is pretty scandalously dark compared to my regular porcelin skin. The only thing Italian about me now is my love of canned ravioli and sketchy mustache. What I would do for olive skin tone...
|No preference
I consider myself Agnostic now though with a very strong Catholic foundation per my upbringing. Religion for me is treating others consistently with kindness, and I don't need a doctrine to tell me that. I am very spiritually open minded.
|Bachelors degree
|Associates degree, Bachelors degree, Graduate degree, PhD / Post Doctoral
Undergrad focus: English, psych, music theory and composition Grad school focus: Journalism and mass communication Holla out to any Cyclone alumi! Dream degree? MFA in Creative Writing because liberal arts degrees have clearly made me rich so far.


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text: Following a 2011 campaign in which he went to the Pro Bowl, optimism was certainly on the rise for San Diego Chargers running back Ryan Mathews. The positive buzz surrounding his strong season resulted in his being ranked as the No. 12 running back and the No. 30 player overall in the ESPN Fantasy staff's preseason top 300 in 2012.


text:
|Author: Gregory P. Murrell Gregory P. Murrell Jim Garland Murrell Gregory
|Joint Author: Jim Garland
Learn more about The Baffled Parent's Guide to Coaching Boys' Lacrosse:
Format: Paperback
Publisher: International Marine Publishing
Sku: 30854739
Publish Date: 4/10/2007
Pages: 160
Age Range: NA
See more in Lacrosse
A novice''s guide to coaching one of the nation''s fastestgrowing youth sports
Unlike other lacrosse titles, this latest addition to the acclaimed Baffled Parent''s Guide series arms newcomers with a total road map for mastering all aspects of coaching a 6- to 12-year-old boy''s lacrosse team. From skill fundamentals to managing a game, it covers all the bases in a clear, step-by-step format. At the heart of "Coaching Boys'' Lacrosse "is a set of original drills designed to keep kids engaged and motivated while teaching them the subtleties of the game. This book has been endorsed by University of Maryland''s renowned lacrosse coach, Dave Cottle, whose teams have been ranked in the top 10 nationally for 11 consecutive years.


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The "Quartet" guiding the Middle East process will meet next month and the top U.S. envoy is in the region attempting to re-start Israeli-Palestinian talks.
The Quartet of the United States the European Union, the United Nations and Russia will meet in Munich Feb. 4-6, the German government announced.
The meeting will take place at its highest level, among foreign ministers, including Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton.
Meanwhile, George Mitchell, the top U.S. envoy to the region, was meeting Friday with Israeli and Palestinian officials, the State Department said.
"This is all trying to build a foundation, improve trust, and try to move the parties back to direct negotiations," spokesman P.J. Crowley said Thursday.
Mitchell's tour follows one by Dennis Ross, a senior White House official handling the Middle East.
Under U.S. guidance, the sides engaged in three weeks of direct talks in September, but these came to an impasse when the Palestinians walked out because Israel would not extend a partial freeze on West Bank settlement building.
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Books: London Theatres
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"A Landmark in Negro Progress:" The AUDITORIUM Theatre (Atlanta GA) 1914- 1925 [2001 Weiss Competition]
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WRI works with partners to track and analyze national climate policies in Australia. Learn more about our Open Climate Network project.
Designing Greenhouse Gas Reporting Systems: Learning from Existing Programs
Mandatory reporting programs help build a strong foundation to manage greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and strengthen countries' capacity to adequately tackle climate change. This working paper provides insight into the factors influencing the design and development of reporting programs and...
Greenhouse Gas Mitigation in Australia
An Overview of the Current Policy Landscape
This report provides an overview of major policies in Australia that are likely to make a measurable reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The paper discusses a carbon-pricing mechanism, renewable energy target, and other existing and emerging policies, as well as the implications of the...
3 Key Initiatives from Australia's Climate Change Policyby and -
Australia is a major nation to watch when it comes to curbing climate change. The country made an international commitment to reduce its GHG emissions by 5 to 25 percent from 2000 levels by 2020. How Australia achieves these reductions can provide lessons on how other countries around the world can pursue their own climate change mitigation plans.
WRI's Open Climate Network and Australia's The Climate Institute (TCI) recently analyzed Australia's climate change plan, which includes a mix of policies to reduce emissions (check out the working paper here). We found that three initiatives stand out in terms of their potential to significantly reduce GHG emissions: a carbon pricing mechanism, a Renewable Energy Target (RET), and the Carbon Farming Initiative (CFI).
3 Signs of Progress in Curbing the Illegal Wood Tradeby -
The global market for wood and other forest products is changing quickly. The industry has long struggled to address the problem of illegal logging, which damages diverse and valuable forests and creates economic losses of up to $10 billion a year. In some wood-producing countries, illegal logging accounts for 50-90 percent of total production.
But recent developments indicate that we may be turning a corner: Illegal logging rates worldwide have declined by about 20 percent since 2008.
This was the topic on everyone's minds at the recent Forest Legality Alliance meeting in Washington, D.C. This meeting brought together nearly 100 members and experts representing a wide array of companies, trade associations, NGOs, and governments involved in the harvest, manufacturing, and trade of legally produced forest products.
Bringing together independent research institutes and civil society groups from key countries around the world to monitor national progress on climate change policy.
Historic Carbon Vote a Win/Win for Australia's Economy and Global Actionby -
This post is based on a release that originally appeared on the website of The Climate Institute.
Australia's House of Representatives voted to pass the Clean Energy Future Legislation on October 12th. The legislative package will put a price on carbon pollution, promote investment in renewable and clean energy technologies and support action to reduce carbon pollution.
Reefs at Risk in Australia
The coral reefs of Australia are the least affected by local threats (i.e., coastal development, overfishing/destructive fishing, marine-based pollution, and/or watershed-based pollution) of any regio
Guidelines for Community Engagement in Carbon Dioxide Capture, Transport, and Storage Projects
This report was designed to provide guidance to Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) project developers, regulators, and local communities as they engage in discussions regarding potential CCS projects.