text:
Barrier coatings are deposited onto fibrous materials at atmospheric pressure by a continuous CVD process. A relatively short furnace tube with an unrestricted outlet is used. Thus, the supply and takeup reels do not need to be contiguous with the coating part of the apparatus. This allows the periodic removal of fuzz and soot without the interruption of the coating process.
1. Apparatus by which barrier coatings can be continuously applied by CVD onto inorganic fibrous material, said apparatus comprising
a furnace,
a straight, elongated furnace tube extending through the furnace, which furnace tube is formed with
a uniform inside diameter of sufficiently large size to receive a tool for periodic cleaning while the apparatus is in use,
an unconstricted outlet,
an ambient atmosphere-excluding inlet through which said fibrous material enters, and
intake means for receiving a gaseous mixture comprising one or more reagents that can coat said fibrous material by CVD, and a tool inserted within said furnace tube.
2. Apparatus as defined in claim 1 and constructed to be operated at atmospheric pressure.
3. Apparatus as defined in claim 1 and further comprising a replaceable liner fitted into the furnace tube through said unconstricted outlet.
4. Apparatus as defined in claim 3 wherein the inner wall of the liner is cylindrical and its inside diameter is not less than one cm.
5. Apparatus as defined in claim 4 wherein the inside diameter of the liner is from 2 to 5 cm.
6. Apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said ambient atmosphere-excluding inlet is a constricted inlet comprising a long, small-diameter inlet tubing, through which said fibrous material barely fits.
7. Apparatus as defined in claim 6 wherein said inlet tubing is formed with a side arm for receiving inert gas.
8. Apparatus as defined in claim 6 wherein the inlet tubing has a uniform slot-like cross-sectional area.
9. Apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein the furnace tube is formed with a conduit for receiving reagent and/or inert gas.
10. Apparatus as defined in claim 9 wherein said conduit is located adjacent the inlet of the furnace tube.
11. Apparatus as defined in claim 1 and further comprising heat-treatment furnace means adjacent said open outlet.
12. Apparatus as defined in claim 1 and further comprising CVD coating means adjacent said open outlet.
13. Apparatus as defined in claim 1 but modified to allow addition of liquid reagent.
14. Apparatus as defined in claim 1 but modified to allow addition of solid reagent.
15. Apparatus as defined in claim 13 and further comprising means to operate it in a tilted position.
This is a division of application Ser. No. 07/383,923 filed Jul. 21, 1989 now U.S. Pat. No. 5,364,660.
This invention relates to the coating of fibers to make them more suitable for use in fiber-reinforced composites. More specifically, the invention concerns a process for coating reinforcing fibers, and apparatus for continuously coating such fibers.
High-performance fibers are being increasingly used as the reinforcement of plastic, metal, ceramic, and carbon matrix composites. When the composite has a ceramic matrix, the main role of the fibers is to toughen the composite to prevent brittle failure. The degree of toughness attained is greatly affected by the bond strength between the fibers and matrix. If the bond strength is too high, cracks propagate through the fibers; if too low, the load is not transferred to them.
The most demanding of these applications are those involving high operating temperatures. In such environments, the matrix may chemically react with, or dissolve the fiber. Although chemical reaction may in some cases be beneficial, it usually leads to drastic reductions in strength and toughness. In many cases, these high-temperature problems can be solved by applying barrier coatings on the fibers by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). As the name implies, CVD involves the deposition of coatings onto substrates by chemical reaction from the vapor phase. The technique is widely known and a number of review articles exist on the subject. See, for example, Blocher, J. M., Jr., "Deposition Technologies for Films and Coatings", Noyes Publications, page 335-364 (1982). Blocher discusses the roles of thermodynamics in predicting the possibility of deposition with various reactants under given temperatures and reactant partial pressures, of kinetics on the rate of deposition, and of transport processes such as diffusion and heat transfer in CVD. This reference also describes the effects of these variables and their interactions on coating properties.
The application of a coating by CVD to a monofilament is a fairly simple procedure. See, for example, EPO Pat. Publ. No. 0,222,960 (Schachner) where a monofilament is drawn and coated by CVD in-line. When the monofilament is electrically conductive, it can be heated resistively during CVD, thereby activating the chemical deposition reaction primarily on the monofilament and not in the gas phase or on the unheated wall of the tube that confines the gaseous mixture. There is a considerable amount of art describing such "cold wall" deposition systems by which CVD coatings are applied to monofilaments by continuous processes. See, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,549,424 and 4,068,037.
When coating by CVD a fiber that has multiplicity of filaments, e.g., a tow, it is necessary to diffuse the reactant(s) between the filaments. A translation of French Patent No. 2,607,840 states that:
"This vapor phase deposition, designated by the American acronym CVD, does not allow one to obtain good protection for all of the individual filaments that constitute the tow of carbon. Actually it is very difficult, if not impossible, to avoid preferential deposition, particularly in the peripheral zones of the tow, and equally, to avoid the cementing together of the filaments. These drawbacks make the process unsuitable for industrial utilization. In other words, the CVD technique, even though very attractive in theory, does not allow the control of coating thickness and homogeneity of the carbide deposit specially when, as is the case in a tow, the gaseous reaction medium diffuses poorly into the center. It follows that the individual filaments of carbon are not coated homogeneously, regularly, and with controlled thickness."
To alleviate the difficulties mentioned in the French patent, it is common to coat multiple-filament fibers by CVD at low pressures (LPCVD). This increases the mean free path of the reactants, thereby decreasing homogeneous nucleation and the growth of soot particles in the gas phase. It also facilitates the diffusion of the gases between the filaments, thus reducing the variability in coating thickness. However, such a reduced pressure coating process requires building and maintaining of sophisticated, expensive equipment. See U.S. Pat. No. 4,343,836 (Newkirk et al.) In many cases, such equipment is limited to batch processes. See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,212,926 (Morelock) and U.S. Pat. No. 4,214,037 (Galasso et al.), the latter of which suggests that similar coating results can be obtained in a continuous process.
Difficulties are encountered when LPCVD processes for coating a multi-filament fiber are made continuous. Deposits on the inner wall of the coating chamber gradually diminish its volume and eventually require it to be replaced. Fuzz (tangles of broken off filaments) and soot (homogeneously nucleated and grown particles) that form in the system during coating interfere with fiber movement. To prevent fiber breakage, the fuzz and soot must be periodically removed. When cleaning is required or when the fiber breaks during the coating process, the vacuum has to be broken, and after repair the system has to be pumped down. If the coating is performed at high temperatures, partial cool-down and subsequent reheating of the coating system is also required.
These difficulties demonstrate a need for a system by which a multi-filament fiber can be continuously coated by CVD at atmospheric pressure (APCVD), and such systems have been reported. See, for example, Honjo et al., Composite Interfaces, Proc. Int. Conf. 1st, pp. 101-107 [1986]; Aggour et al., Carbon, Vol. 12, pp. 358-362 [1974]; and Amateau, J. Compos. Mater., Vol. 10, pp. 279-296 [1976]). However, the apparatus illustrated in each of those publications would need to be disassembled to be cleaned and so would offer little advantage over a LPCVD system such as that shown in the Newkirk patent.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,373,006 (Galasso et al.) says that "even when upwards of 10,000 fibers are bundled together to form a strand of yarn the chemical vapor deposition of silicon carbide produces an essentially uniform coating of silicon carbide over the surface of each fiber even on those fibers in the center of the yarn and even on those areas of fibers which are in close proximity to one another" (col. 2, lines 57-64). It also says that carbon fibers were coated with silicon carbide "by holding the fibers in a chamber . . . maintained at a temperature of between 1100� and 1200� C. by passing them through an R. F. heated graphite susceptor" (col. 3, lines 41-49). However, there is no disclosure of the nature of the fiber-handling apparatus and no drawing.
For a detailed discussion of the advantage of coating ceramic fibers with BN for use in composites, see U.S. Pat. No. 4,642,271 (Rice). However, coating conditions are not given. It is not even stated whether APCVD or LPCVD is used, and no apparatus is illustrated.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,731,298 (Shindo et al.) concerns coating carbon fibers first with a layer of carbon and then with a metal carbide. "The carbon fibers may be in the form of yarns, tows or webs of continuous filaments. The carbon fibers may be used in the form of yarn and webs of short fibers or the like" (col. 2, lines 65-68). However, no method is disclosed; neither is any apparatus disclosed.
The present invention provides what is believed to be the first apparatus by which barrier coatings can be continuously applied by CVD to a multiplicity of filaments or fibers such as a tow of filaments or a yarn or a strip of woven fabric. Such a multiplicity of filaments or fibers is sometimes hereinafter referred to as "the fibrous material."
Briefly, the novel coating apparatus includes
a furnace,
a straight, elongated furnace tube extending through the furnace, which furnace tube is formed with
a uniform inside diameter of sufficiently large size to receive a tool for periodic cleaning while the apparatus is in use,
an unconstricted outlet,
an ambient atmosphere-excluding (preferably constricted) inlet through which said fibrous material enters, and
intake means for receiving a gaseous mixture comprising one or more reagents that can coat said fibrous material by CVD.
The apparatus permits a long length of inorganic fibrous material to be carried continuously through the gaseous mixture, the residue of which is freely exhausted through the unconstricted outlet. At the unconstricted outlet, back-diffusion of the air is kept at acceptable levels by the flux. The furnace tube can be fitted with liner that is easily replaced simply by pulling it through the outlet. This allows deposits to be eliminated without disturbing either the inlet for the fibrous material or the intake means.
Preferably the novel coating apparatus is operated at atmospheric pressure, thus eliminating the need for the supply and takeup reels to be contiguous with the furnace tube and making it easier to remove a liner. The in-diffusion of air through the fiber inlet can be kept at acceptable levels by using a long small-diameter inlet tubing. When that inlet tubing has a uniform, slot-like cross-sectional area, a plurality of tows, rovings or yarns can be carried side-by-side through the inlet tubing without crowding. A slot-like interior is also useful for coating strips of woven fabric.
The invention also provides a method of continuously applying CVD coatings onto a long moving length of inorganic fibrous material. The method comprises the steps of:
a. while excluding the atmosphere, continuously carrying the fibrous material lengthwise at atmospheric pressure through a heated gaseous mixture comprising one or more reagents that deposit CVD coatings,
b. freely exhausting the residue of the gaseous mixture along the path of the fibrous material in the direction of its movement,
c. maintaining the fibrous material within the gaseous mixture for a time to deposit a CVD coating onto the moving fibrous material, and
d. removing the coated fibrous material from the gaseous mixture.
To enhance the uniformity of the coating thickness distribution, one operates at low temperatures and low partial pressures of the reactants. These conditions favor surface reaction (heterogeneous growth) as opposed to reactions that involve ready nucleation and growth of particles in the gas phase (homogeneous reactions). Such conditions entail relatively low deposition rates and thus limit the speed at which the fibrous material may be pulled through the reactor while still attaining the desired coating thickness. There is thus a compromise between economics and coating thickness uniformity.
For identical deposition conditions, the coating thickness distribution is more uniform on tows than on fabrics, because the filaments are more constrained in the latter. Nevertheless, as will be demonstrated in Example 36, even in fabrics one can completely cover each filament with a CVD deposit.
When the CVD employs two reagents that react readily with each other and so should be separated until they are in position to be deposited on the fibrous material, there preferably is a separate intake for each of those reagents and an additional port between those two intakes for receiving inert gas. This keeps the reagents separated until they have been heated in the furnace tube to the deposition temperature.
For easy cleaning, the inner wall of the furnace tube preferably is cylindrical. To receive a cleaning tool without undue danger of damaging the fibrous material, the inside diameter of a cylindrical furnace tube or its liner preferably is not less than one cm, and more preferably its inside diameter is at least 2 cm. On the other hand, its inside diameter preferably does not exceed 5 cm, because substantially larger diameters may require a wasteful increase in flux. Instead of being cylindrical, tubes with different cross-sectional shapes, e.g., rectangular, may be used.
The length of the furnace tube preferably is from 25 to 50 cm. Substantially longer furnace tubes would make the removal of fuzz and soot difficult. In shorter furnace tubes, some CVD reactions may not yet have reached equilibrium at the outlet, and thus the maximum possible deposit may not yet have formed.
Fibrous materials that can be coated in the novel apparatus are inorganic and include ceramic, carbon, and other high-performance fibers. CVD barrier coatings that can be applied to fibrous materials in the novel apparatus include ceramics, carbon and metals.
Barrier-coated fibrous materials of the invention have utility in toughening inorganic and organic matrices derived from metals, ceramics, glasses, carbon, and polymers. The barrier coatings can improve wetting of the fibrous materials by the matrix, establish a favorable bond strength between the fibrous materials and matrix to further toughen the composite, prevent chemical reaction between fibrous materials and matrix, and prevent dissolution of the fibrous materials in the matrix.
In the accompanying drawings, each of which is schematic,
FIG. 1 is a side elevation of APCVD coating apparatus of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a cleaning tool that is useful in the apparatus of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of another useful cleaning tool;
FIG. 4 is a side elevation of equipment that can be substituted into the apparatus of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a side elevation of another variation in the apparatus of FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is a side elevation of equipment for either heat treating or applying a second APCVD coating in-line with the apparatus of FIGS. 1, 4 or 5;
FIG. 7a is a side elevation of additional equipment that can be substituted into the apparatus of FIG. 1;
FIG. 7b is a top view of the equipment of FIG. 7a;
FIG. 8 is a histogram of light transmission through mullite fibers that have received a SiC coating as described in Example 1;
FIG. 9 is a 100,000� TEM micrograph of a CVD coating produced according to Example 1;
FIG. 10 is a 390� SEM micrograph of CVD coatings after chemical removal of the filaments to which they had been applied; and
FIG. 11 shows the effect of undercoating with carbon and BN on bend strength of SiC-coated ceramic fibers.
FIG. 1 shows a simple APCVD apparatus 10 that includes a cylindrical furnace 11 and a straight, elongated cylindrical quartz or mullite furnace tube 12 extending beyond the ends of the furnace. The furnace tube 12 has a uniform diameter throughout its length and is fitted with a cap 14 at its fiber-receiving inlet. Fitted into the cap is a long, cylindrical, small-diameter inlet tubing 16, and aligned with the inlet tubing is a supply roll 18 of a continuous tow 20. The inlet tubing 16 has a uniform inside diameter throughout its length and (except being flared outwardly at its entrance 22) is barely large enough to receive the tow. The furnace tube is unconstricted at its outlet 26. Upon exiting from the furnace tube, the tow 20 is drawn across a thread guide 23 and to a take-up roll 24.
The cap 14 is formed with a conduit 28 that serves as an intake for a gaseous mixture including a reagent. The cap also is formed with a second conduit 30 that serves as a port to feed a carrier gas such as argon into the furnace tube 12, which carrier gas may include additional reagent. The total flux, when subjected to the high temperature of the furnace 11, deposits a continuous coating by CVD onto the filaments of the moving tow 20. The flux exiting through the unconstricted outlet 26 should be sufficient to minimize the back diffusion of air such that non-oxide coatings can be attained with acceptable levels of oxygen contamination.
Deposition takes place not only on the tow 20 but also on the walls of the furnace tube 12. As the cross-sectional area of the furnace tube 12 gradually decreases, the tow rubs more-and-more against the deposit, causing breakage of ever increasing numbers of the filaments until finally the tow breaks entirely, necessitating replacement of the furnace tube. However, to maintain acceptable reproducibility in the properties of the coatings, reproducible gas flow characteristics must also be maintained. It is therefore desirable to change the furnace tube before it becomes clogged and the fibrous material breaks. To avoid having to reattach the inlets, a removable liner 58 may be used as shown in FIG. 4.
Depending on the fibrous material used and on the coating conditions (temperature, gas composition, contact with fuzz, and the deposit on the wall of the reactor), some filaments break off the tow and form a "fuzzball". Also accumulating in the furnace tube are soot particles that form by homogeneous nucleation and growth. Many of these soot particles are carried out by the flux, but others deposit on the wall of the furnace tube and on the fuzzball, densifying the latter. If left in the furnace tube, the fuzzball and soot deplete the gaseous reactants, become cemented together by CVD, and increasingly rub against the fibrous material. This causes breakage of additional filaments and eventually of the whole fibrous material. The elongated tools of FIGS. 2 and 3 are effective for removal of the fuzzballs and soot.
FIG. 2 shows an elongated tool 34 that can be used to clean the interior of the furnace tube 12. The cleaning tool 34 includes a long rod 35, to the end of which is fixed a semi-circular flange 36, the diameter of which is smaller than the inside diameter of the furnace tube. The flange 36 is semi-circular so that the tow 20 can continue to be drawn through the furnace tube while it is being cleaned. The cleaning tool 34 preferably is formed of fused silica.
Another useful cleaning tool 37, as shown in FIG. 3, is formed from a quartz rod to have a flag-shaped projection 38 which is advantageous to use when constriction of the cross-sectional area of the furnace tube (or its liner) precludes the use of the tool 34.
For more demanding reactions, the equipment shown in FIG. 4 is substituted into the apparatus of FIG. 1. Fitted over the furnace tube 12 is a cap 40 into which are fitted three coaxial sleeves 42, 43 and 44. The outer and inner sleeves 42 and 44 are formed with conduits 46 and 48, respectively, each for receiving a gaseous mixture of a reactant. The central sleeve 43 has a conduit 47 for receiving inert gas.
Fitted within the inner sleeve 44 is a long, small-diameter cylindrical inlet tubing 50 that is flared outwardly at its entrance 52. The inlet tubing 50 has a uniform inside diameter barely larger than the tow 20 which is being carried through the APCVD apparatus as modified in FIG. 4. Each of the cap 40 and the inlet tubing 50 is formed with a conduit 56 and 57, respectively, for receiving inert gas.
In a modified version of the apparatus shown in FIG. 4 that has been used experimentally, the sleeve 42 was omitted and the second reagent was added through the conduit 56.
The apparatus of FIG. 4 also differs from that of FIG. 1 by a liner 58 that is fitted into the furnace tube 12. The liner is easily replaced and deposits are thus eliminated.
As illustrated in FIG. 5, one may introduce a low-vapor-pressure liquid, by the use of a circulating pump, directly into the furnace tube 12 of FIG. 1 through an arm 60 of a tube 62 that is fitted into a cap 63. The addition of a carrier gas through an inlet 64 of the tube 62 prevents discontinuous, dropwise addition of the reactant. To prevent the buildup of a "puddle" below the exit 66 of a fiber-receiving tubing 68, it is advantageous to tilt the apparatus a few degrees as illustrated.
It is evident to those skilled in the art that a solid reagent may be introduced by an auger.
FIG. 6 shows heat-treating or APCVD coating apparatus 70 that includes a furnace 71 containing a furnace tube 72 in-line with the furnace tube 12 and liner 58 of FIG. 4. When exposure of the fibrous material to the atmosphere between the two furnaces is undesirable, a long transfer tubing 75 is used, and it has gas inlet arms 78 and 79 that serve to establish the desired atmosphere. The uniform cross-sectional area of the transfer tubing is barely large enough to receive the tow 20 (the path of which is indicated by a phantom line). The length of the transfer tubing 75 is selected so that there is sufficient space to allow cleaning.
The gap between the liner 58 and the transfer tubing 75 is kept small to restrict exposure of the fibrous material to the atmosphere. To further minimize the exposure and to ensure against carrying gases and soot from the liner 58 into the transfer tubing, a conduit 80 directs a neutral gas (N) into the gap. For the same reason, the arm 79 near the inlet 80 to the transfer tubing preferably directs its gas toward the inlet as shown.
The inlet of furnace tube 72 is fitted with cap 74, that is formed with gas inlet conduit 76, through which the desired heat treatment atmosphere is established. To use the second furnace for CVD, conduit 76 would be replaced with the type illustrated as 28 in FIG. 1, thus allowing the discharge of one of the reagents within the furnace 71. The cap 74 is also fitted with a second conduit 77 (corresponding to conduit 30 in FIG. 1).
FIGS. 7a and 7b show two views of equipment for modifying apparatus 10 of FIG. 1 for the coating of a continuous narrow strip of fabric or a plurality of side-by-side tows (not shown). Fitting through a stopper 81 in the inlet of the furnace tube 12 is a long inlet tubing 82 having a uniform slot-like cross-sectional area, except being flared outwardly at its entrance 83. The slot-like area is barely large enough to receive fibrous material to be coated. Also fitting through the stopper 81 are a pair of conduits 84 and 85, through each of which a gaseous mixture of one or more CVD reagents is fed. To keep out air, a stream of inert gas is passed through each of a pair of arms 87 and 88 formed in the inlet tubing 82.
FIGS. 8-11 are discussed in connection with the working examples below.
In most cases, fibrous material to be coated is sized. The sizing is easily removed by passing the fibrous material, prior to entering the CVD apparatus, through an open-tube furnace at a temperature sufficient to burn off the sizing. When it is desirable to size fibrous material after it has been coated by CVD, this can be done continuously between the coater and the takeup spool.
In some cases, the fibrous material to be coated should be protected from the CVD atmosphere. In case of NEXTEL� 480, this can be accomplished by depositing a carbon coating during the preparation of the fiber. Alternatively, sizing may be pyrolized in an inert atmosphere. If a thicker carbon subcoat is desired, a gaseous carbon source may be added to the inert gas stream. A carbon subcoat may also have the additional advantage of establishing a favorable bond strength between the fibrous material and the CVD coating. Subcoats other than carbon (e.g., BN) can provide the same advantages.
Penetration of the reagents between the filaments can be beneficially affected by pulsing the gas flow. This is accomplished by passing at least one of the gas streams through a valve that can be set, e.g., at one-second-on/one-second-off, such as valve No. 52C19T34-8 available from Valcor Engineering Corp., of Springfield, N.J.
It is evident to those skilled in the art that the properties of the coatings can be varied by changing the composition of the reactants, their partial pressures and flow rates, and the deposition temperature. Materials with narrow homogeneity regions, such as SiC, can be deposited with or without excess silicon or carbon by the suitable choice of temperature and of the Si/C/H ratio in the reactant gas stream. See, for example, H. J. Kim R. F. Davis, J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 60, p. 2897 (1986). In the case of coatings with a wide homogeneity range, such as Tix C1-x, the value of x can be predetermined by the suitable choice of temperature and of the partial pressures of the reactants. See F. Teyssandier, et al., J. Electrochem. Soc., Vol. 165, p. 225 (1988).
The temperature range of the process can be lowered by using highly reactive gas(es) for example, SiH4 or BH3 as the sources for silicon and boron respectively.
The coatings deposited at low temperatures tend to be amorphous. If highly crystalline coatings are desired, higher temperatures should be employed. In the case of highly reactive gases, this leads to homogeneous nucleation and growth, i.e. to poor quality coatings and low yield. Hence it is advantageous to use less-reactive gases. For example, in the case of carbon, CH4 may be used instead of unsaturated or higher molecular weight hydrocarbons. However, if too high a temperature is used, grain growth can take place in both the fiber and the coating, and this can adversely affect the mechanical properties. Also, other variables being constant, the number of filaments that break during the coating process increases with increasing temperature.
Using the process taught in this invention, coatings can be deposited on any fibrous material that is stable in the CVD gas stream at the deposition temperature. In the case of corrosive reactants, a thin precoat of a non-reactive material as a protective barrier allows the deposition of the desired coating.
As examples of the practice of the present invention, the following fibers were coated: aluminum borosilicate and mullite fibers, specifically the family of NEXTEL� fibers available from 3M Company, alumina fiber SV-01-1K available from Sumitomo; an alumina-zirconia fiber PRD166 available from E. I. dupont; and a carbon fiber AS4 G-12K available from Hercules.
Any suitable inert gas such as nitrogen, helium, argon, and neon can be used as the carrier gas.
Useful classes of refractory barrier coatings for the present invention include oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides, carbon and metals.
From the above discussion it can be seen by one skilled in the art that the properties of the barrier coatings (thickness, composition, crystallinity) can be varied at will, and that for a given set of coating properties, deposition conditions can be selected to minimize materials and process costs.
The techniques that were used for the evaluation of the barrier coatings are illustrated below:
To evaluate the usefulness of the present invention, it is necessary to determine the coating thickness distribution, the grain structures of the coatings, and the strengths of the coated fibers. The following characterization techniques were used:
Coating quality on transparent fiber was qualitatively determined by optical microscopy. The coated filaments were examined in cross-polarized light, preferably in the index oil corresponding to their refractive index. The coatings caused bright lines to appear at the two edges of the filaments. These lines were brightest at 45� orientations to the planes of polarization. The continuity and intensity of the lines is a qualitative indication of coating quality. Color of the lines, being due to interference between light reflected at the filament-coating interface and at the surface of the coating, allowed the qualitative calculation of the coating thickness.
A measure of coating thickness uniformity was obtained in the case of colored coatings on transparent fibers by measuring the light transmission through a number of filaments in an index oil matched to their refractive index. This approach assumes the absorption is proportional to the coating thickness. The measurements were made using the Zeiss PMl photometer with a circular aperture of 630 micrometers. The 100% transmission was set in a filament-free area. The percent transmission was plotted as a histogram. It shows the degree of coating thickness control obtainable by the present invention.
The mechanical test results were determined using a Sintech Inc. (Stoughton, Mass.) computer-controlled load frame. A 1000-lb load cell, equipped with Instron Model No. 2712-003 pneumatic grips with rubber coated faces (Instron catalog #2702-015), was used for the tensile testing of the fibrous material. The gauge length for "Strand Strength" measurements was 15.24 cm. "Bend Strength" determinations were made using fiber samples which were 7.6 cm in length, bending them around a 1.27 mm diameter rod, and then applying tension.
SEM was used for the determination of the morphology of the coatings. Examination of fracture cross-sections allowed estimation of coating thickness. Observation of the degree of spalling, if any, adjacent to the fracture gave a qualitative indication of bond strength between fiber-and coating.
TEM allowed the determination of crystal and grain structure.
Depth profiles obtained by Auger electron spectroscopy revealed the compositon and, if any, the change in composition through the coating.
ESCA was used for the determination of composition and bonding in and near the surface. Due to the inability of the technique of focusing at a single filament, it cannot give depth profiles.
Elements in the coating that do not form part of the fiber were determined by standard techniques, e.g., by ICP or for carbon and nitrogen by the LECO method.
The electrical resistance was roughly determined by contacting the coated fibers with two probes.
Comparisons of results obtained on the same sample by various methods could in many cases be used for the estimation of their accuracy.
various modifications and alterations of this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of this invention. Therefore, it should be understood that this invention is not to be limited to the following examples in which parts are given by weight.
In this example, the apparatus was like that of FIG. 1 having
______________________________________length of furnace 11: 30 cminside diameter of furnace tube 12: 2.5 cminside diameter of inlet tubing 16: 0.4 cm______________________________________
Hydrogen (190 cc/min) was bubbled through boiling (CH3)2 SiCl2 to produce a gaseous mixture that was passed through a 20� C. reflux condenser and then through conduit 28 of FIG. 1 (called "Flux 1" in Table I). Argon (2100 cc/min) was passed through conduit 30 (called "Flux 2" in Table I). The apparatus was used to coat a 2000-denlet, 760-filament tow (mullite with a 2% B2 O3 content available as NEXTEL� 480) that had a 0.2% carbon coating. This tow was pulled through the furnace tube (kept at 1050� C.) at 37 cm/min to provide a CVD coating about 100 nm in thickness as measured by electron microscopy and verified by calculations based on elemental analysis of carbon.
The resulting filaments of the tow had infinite electrical resistance. Their barrier coatings of SiC afforded a golden color to the filaments. Uniform orange-colored lines observed under cross-polarized light indicated a uniform coating thickness of about 130 nm. The coating thickness distribution, as shown by a histogram (FIG. 8) based on light absorption, was reasonably narrow. The composition of the CVD coating, as indicated by an Auger depth profile, was stoichiometric. A TEM micrograph (FIG. 9) showed most of the grains to be 1 to 3 nm in size.
Etching away the mullitc cores with aqueous HF allowed the hulls to be observed (FIG. 10).
Lengths of the same carbon-coated tow used in Example 1 were provided with different CVD barrier coatings by the procedure of Example 1 except as indicated in Table I and except that Examples 10, 19 and 22 were coated using a concentric sleeve apparatus similar to that of FIG. 4; Examples 6 and 23 were coated using apparatus as shown in FIG. 5, with the xylene and Zr(BuO)4 added as liquids. In Examples 14-16 and 31, TFAA denotes trifluoroacetic anhydride. About half of the filaments of Examples 3 and 4 that were coated with BN had white edges, thus indicating a thickness less than 170 nm. The other half had yellow edges, indicating a thickness exceeding 170 nm.
The last column in TABLE I gives the weight precent carbon that was deposited onto the fiber during its manufacture.
Most of the barrier coatings of Examples 1-23 caused deterioration in strength, especially in bend strength. However, undercoating with BN and/or with carbon counteracted the deterioration. Hence, lengths of the tow used in Example 1 were provided with CVD barrier coatings in the same manner as in Example 1 except that they were passed through the apparatus more than once. The deposition conditions of the multiple coatings are listed in Table II, with the outer coating listed first.
The effects of BN and carbon undercoats on the bend strengths of SiC-coated NEXTEL� 480 fibers were charted in FIG. 11 as curves 90 and 92, respectively. To generate the curve 90, the thickness of the BN layer was adjusted by changing the pulling speed between 0.73 and 3.54 m/min. It may be assumed that the coating thickness is an inverse function of the pulling speed. The pulling speed was likewise changed to provide fibers with varying weight percents of carbon as indicated by the curve 92.
Again proceeding as in Example 1, the simultaneous deposition of more than one phase yielded composite coatings as indicated in Table II. In Example 35 a 4000 denier NEXTEL� 480 was coated.
When each of the tows of Examples 2, 24 and 34 was coated, it was carried in-line through a second furnace like that of FIG. 6 (80 cm long, 1150� C.) through which a stream of nitrogen was flowing. The resulting tows had improved resistance to hydrolysis as compared to tows that had been CVD coated in the same way except without heat-treatment. By performing heat treatments in oxidizing atmospheres, e.g., in air, oxynitrides were prepared. There was variation in the strength values of the various batches of fibers that were used as substrates.
Properties of the coated fibers of Examples 1-35 are listed in Table III. Most of the strength figures are averages of five measurements. An entry 0.0 indicates that the fiber was too weak to allow meaningful measurements to be made. The deviations in strand strength and bend strength refer to the change in strength relative to the uncoated tow, except in case of the multiple coatings where the values prior to the deposition of the outermost layer were the reference (in Examples 32 and 33, the changes from the uncoated tow are listed).
TABLE I__________________________________________________________________________ CARBON FLUX 1 FLUX 2 SUBCOATEXPL.COATING cm3 /min cm3 /min cm3 /min cm3 /min �C. cm/min %__________________________________________________________________________1 SiC (CH3)2 SiCl2 30 H2 190 Ar 2100 1050 37 0.22 AlN AlCl3 40 H2 190 NH3 1060 N2 1900 700 91 0.23 BN Et3 B 100 N2 1670 NH3 1650 N2 425 1050 73 None4 BN " 100 N2 1670 NH3 1650 N2 425 1050 354 None5 B4 C BCl3 116 Ar 650 Et3 B 1212 H2 1350 1100 91 0.16 C xylene 60 N2 1100 N2 400 1000 107 None7 Mo MoCl5 24 Ar 590 H2 1000 Ar 280 700 30 0.28 MoSi2 MoCl5 20 Ar 500 SiCl4 200 Ar 810 1000 30 0.2 H2 10009 SiO2 Si(OEt)4 23 N2 670 700 30 None10 Si3 N4 SiCl4 83 N2 2200 NH3 760 1100 137 None11 SnO2 (CH3)4 Sn 42 Ar 420 air 1670 500 61 None12 " " 42 Ar 420 air 1670 500 122 None13 " " 42 Ar 420 air 1670 500 30 0.514 SnO2 + F " 42 Ar 470 air 1670 TFAA 6 500 61 None15 " " 42 Ar 470 air 1670 TFAA 6 500 122 None16 " " 42 Ar 470 air 1670 TFAA 6 500 30 0.517 TaN2 TaCl5 7 N2 720 H2 1000 800 85 0.218 TiB2 TiCl4 40 H2 480 Et3 B 80 Ar 1350 900 91 0.119 " " 180 Ar 1600 BCl3 140 H2 1400 1000 354 0.520 TiN " 32 H2 3200 N2 1200 1000 183 0.221 " " 32 H2 3200 N2 1200 NH3 40 1000 183 0.222 ZrN ZrCl4 126 N2 740 NH3 490 N2 820 1000 91 0.123 ZrO2 Zr(BuO)4 30 N2 1420 CO2 490 500 61 0.1__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE II__________________________________________________________________________ CARBON FLUX 1 FLUX 2 SUBCOATEXPL. cm3 /min cm3 /min cm3 /min cm3 /min �C. cm/min %__________________________________________________________________________ MULTIPLE COATINGS24 AlN AlCl3 40 H2 190 NH3 1060 N2 1900 700 91 BN Et3 B 100 N2 1670 NH3 1650 N2 425 1050 150 0.125 C xylene 60 N2 1100 1000 122 BN Et3 B 100 N2 1670 NH3 1650 N2 425 1050 150 0.126 SiC (CH3)2 SiCl2 30 H2 190 Ar 2100 1050 37 BN Et3 B 100 N2 1670 NH3 1650 N2 425 1050 73 0.027 SiC (CH3)2 SiCl2 30 H2 190 Ar 2100 1050 259 BN Et3 B 100 N2 1670 NH3 1650 N2 425 1050 107 0.0 SiC (CH3)2 SiCl2 30 H2 190 Ar 2100 1050 3728 SiC (CH3)2 SiCl2 30 H2 190 Ar 2100 1050 37 0.2 C xylene 25 N2 1100 N2 380 1000 10729 Si3 N4 SiCl4 83 N2 2200 NH3 260 1000 137 BN NH3 490 BCl3 50 N2 1900 1000 150 None30 SnO2 (CH3)4 Sn 42 Ar 420 air 1670 500 30 BN Et3 B 100 N2 1670 NH3 1650 N2 425 1050 90 None31 SnO2 + F (CH3)4 Sn 42 Ar 470 air 1670 TFAA 20 500 30 BN Et3 B 100 N2 1670 NH3 1650 N2 425 1050 150 None32 TiB2 TiCl4 180 Ar 1600 BCl3 140 1000 354 C xylene 29 N2 1100 N2 380 1000 305 BN Et3 B 100 N2 1670 NH3 1650 N2 425 1050 150 0.133 TiC TiCl4 36 H2 680 CH4 46 Ar 2270 1100 91 BN Et3 B 100 N2 1670 NH3 1650 N2 425 1050 90 0.1 COMPOSITE COATINGS34 AlN--BN Et3 B 126 N2 2100 AlCl3 18 N2 420 800 61 0.1 NH3 106035 SiC--TiC CH3 SiCl3 30 N2 1700 TiCl4 50 CH4 40 1150 73 0.1__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE III__________________________________________________________________________ ELECTRICAL STRAND BEND RESISTANCE STRENGTH DEV. STRENGTH DEV.EXPL COLOR (k Ω/m) (kg) (%) (kg) (%)__________________________________________________________________________SINGLE COATING1 SiC golden ∞ 2.4 -33 0.3 -922 AlN *grey 9000 3.9 -30 1.6 -483 BN straw ∞ 4.2 -4 3.2 -44 BN " ∞ 3.2 -27 3.0 -125 B4 C black 3 � 104 1.7 -64 1.0 -746 C " 76 4.2 -5 3.6 77 Mo " 2.4 4.7 -16 2.7 458 MoSi2 " 400 4.1 -28 1.9 29 SiO2 white ∞ 2.9 2.2 -3010 Si3 N4 " ∞ 1.2 1.211 SnO2 *golden 32 1.9 -56 0.012 " white 10 2.2 -48 0.5 -8613 " black 32 3.1 -36 0.5 -9114 SnO2 + F *olive 2.4 1.8 -57 0.015 " white 10 2.1 -51 0.5 -8116 " black 1.4 4.2 -15 0.5 -8617 Ta2 N black 5.6 5.9 0 1.7 -718 TiB2 black 8 5.9 28 2.8 -3019 " " 4 4.9 0 0.7 -7020 TiN " 170-6700 2.6 -52 1.0 -7521 " golden 1.1 0.0 0.022 ZrN olive ∞ 5.1 0 1.823 ZrO2 white ∞ 3.8 -20 3.2 10MULTIPLE COATINGS24 AlN/BN grey ∞ 4.5 -3 2.4 -3425 C/BN black 28 5.6 21 2.7 -3226 SiC/BN golden ∞ 4.2 0 1.3 -5927 SiC/BN/SiC golden ∞ 4.2 -21 2.4 -1128 SiC/C black 160 3.2 -27 0.8 -7529 Si3 N4 /BN white ∞ 1.2 1.230 SnO2 /BN *golden 36 2.0 -25 0.5 -8431 SnO2 + F/BN olive 1.4 2.3 -7 0.5 -8432 TiB2 /C/BN black 4 4.6 0 3.0 033 TiC/BN " 6 5.4 -10 4.4 76COMPOSITE COATINGS34 AlN--BN *grey ∞ 4.5 -12 3.1 3535 SiC--TiC grey 1 � 104 7.6 -25 1.7 -68__________________________________________________________________________ *light color
With the apparatus of FIG. 1 modified as in FIG. 7a and 7b, the procedure of Example 1 (with the changes noted) was used to coat a 2.5 cm wide woven borosilicate woven fabric (NEXTEL� 440) at a speed of 30 cm/min. Argon was passed through a solenoid value (one-second-on, one-second-off) and then through the conduit 84 at a rate of 2140 ml/min. Into the conduit 85 was fed a gaseous mixture of (CH3)2 SiCl2 (120 ml/min) and hydrogen (720 ml/min). The temperature in the reaction zone was maintained at 1050� C. The tape inlet tubing 82 was purged with streams of argon to keep air out of the reactor.
The SiC-coated fabric was golden colored. In cross-polarized light, all filaments of the fabric showed orange lines. They were all completely coated.
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Alessandra Ambrosio getting ready backstage at the 2012 Victoria Secret's Fashion Show at the Lexington Armory in NYC on November 7, 2012.
She's ready for the summer!
Work it, girl.
Mariah Carey, her boobs and her new beau James Packer, aka the fourth richest man in Australia, took their love to Ibiza, Spain where they gallivanted on a yacht with her kids.
Bad Girl RiRi? More like Braless RiRi.

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text: > View Product Details Please select the size of the product. Please enter valid quantity. Yves Saint Laurent chocolate pony hair embossed leather 'Muse Two' top handle overview details Retail: $1,995.00 Bluefly: $1,595.00 15% Off : $1,355.75 color : We're sorry. This style is currently unavailable. Chocolate (Brown) Versatile and ladylike, the 'Muse Two' satchel from Yves Saint Laurent elevates every outfit to a new level of luxury. Color: Chocolate (Brown) Pony hair embossed leather with suede insets and antiqued goldtone hardware Rear slip pocket with triple pin closure Front flap with sliding pin lock closure and dual leather straps with push-through studs 16'' top handle with a 6'' drop Tonal suede lined expanding interior with center zip pouch pocket Leather base with welt seams and five protective metal feet Measures approximately 12'' at widest x 9'' tall at center x 6'' deep; weighs 3 lbs. Leather; Italy; style#319802701


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That was some unusual animal action in that clip. I guess I'll go with the "long neck" goat. I hope that neck gives some kind of advantage.
Ping 241: Cards Against Humanity, Xbox music, buy your own 'Tron' lightcycleApr 08, 2015 at 7:50 AM
I think Seth actually looked cool with the light saber, up until it went out before he switched it off. Someone should get him one of the newer ones from episode 7.
I'd have printed a modified kung fu panda but since Mark has taken a panda I'll go with something from Finding Nemo. Jelly Man. Modelled against a jelly fish, I'm not sure how that will look yet but that's what I'd go with. And it probably checks the 'under represented' box too.
I'd love a Tron lightcycle but on May the 2nd I'll probably be more interested in a little boxing match. Perhaps I'll print a little Pacq Man action figure too.
How is it I'm only discovering this show now? I love SQL Server and especially Azure SQL Database. I'm bookmarking this and adding it to my favorite channel 9 shows.
Now to watch the 3 episodes.
Hi guys. I finally found where to get postage stamps. Who knew that's what post offices were for?
Am I the only one worried about an iRobot/Terminator situation? SkyNet or some other evil AI could really hurt us.
More realistically though, I have concerns about
- the insurance issue that Developkc raised.
- with software updates coming, what happens when an update introduces a major safety or security bug? What happens if it bricks my car?
- and Privacy. How can I be sure my driving habits aren't being sold to advertisers or that government spooks aren't monitoring me remotely?
- And after all the high profile photo leaks how come people aren't panicking about the company that gave you fruit maps making a self-driving car?
Lastly, (Tips on pronouncing my name - Fadz (eye) Chum-ba(r)) - almost perfect if you do it that way.
They could call it HaaS (Hugs as a Service).
haha, this might come in handy when devs get burnt out
@developkc: Based on your Driving While Halograming, I figured it could also be useful to have directions displayed while driving. They could add a driving mode like in Windows Phone which would ensure there are no distractions and then I'd only see the arrows indicating where I need to turn and any change in speed limit, gas stations, hospitals/clinics and police stations when I'm moving in an unfamiliar place.
Hey guys! Absolutely loved the Windows event, and what was revealed.
As if Kinect wasn't enough, the Hololens has brought us even closer to the minority report. [I just paused to let that sink in]. My imagination is still trying to grasp this but I'd like to have a Skype chat with someone and have them sit across me, and watch a movie by staring at a wall.
I haven't watched episode 233 yet, but I'm about to start watching it now.
@codefoster congratulations on the expansion of team Foster. I was behind on my codechat views so I can make up by watching the ones I had skipped or missed till you're back.
OneDrive is my default storage location for almost everything on my PC. I've stored photos I've shot on my phone (Since HTC HD7 days), my documents all go there, memorable videos (niece's first steps etc. and family events). I've also backed up all the ebooks I still had, my ringtones, any research I'm working on, case studies and my brain's backup OneNote work's there as well.
Short answer is I'm using close to 65 gigs.
Ping 227 - Xbox Digital TV Tuner, November System Update, PhotoMath, Titanfall updates, and Sunset Overdrive!Nov 03, 2014 at 9:12 AM
Probably too late to make it into the show, but Halo Master Chief Collection while I wait for what I really want, Halo 5


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Posted 02/13/2014 01:00:50 EST
Scott - You ought to do some fact checking prior to posting . First - FYI - Homeowners in Natick have gotten more in bailouts from flood damage than the residents of Plum Island in the past 10 years. more »
Posted 02/12/2014 09:23:54 EST
The great 2014 home sell off ? NO .
Posted 02/11/2014 08:47:49 EST
Condos too rich . Rents have peaked . There is no hope for Boston. I am going to Austin where everything is great, ( except for the Summer temperatures, the low wages, the traffic,tornados, the po more »
Posted 02/18/2013 03:01:01 EST
Caramel - As usual your naivete is charming . Back in the 90's there were government initiatives for women owned Companies established. I believe that 5% of contracts had to be awarded to women owned more »
Posted 02/18/2013 01:10:45 EST
Thirtysomething - I agree there no biologic reason why women cannot do the job . The problem is that women lack the knowledge and expertise necessary to do the job properly because of their lack of e more »
Posted 02/18/2013 07:31:26 EST
Caramel - Sure it does. How many women play in the NFL ?
Posted 02/17/2013 09:20:38 EST
Thirtysomething - Some professions do not suit females and females in these professions are a novelty. Home Inspection is one of these professions.
Posted 02/16/2013 01:05:42 EST
thirtysomething - You got lucky . There are no good female home inspectors in MA.
Posted 02/15/2013 11:45:32 EST
icpshootyz - The statement was $150k more than they expected . The cost of renovations today is 50% lower than it was in 2003 when she bought the house so,the real number is $300 k more than when she more »
Posted 02/15/2013 09:10:50 EST
Jim - "The inspectors job is to point out fairly obvious defects (if they exist) but they are pretty much limited to visable flaws. " My point exactly. The current state of Home Inspections in MA is more »
Posted 02/15/2013 08:38:08 EST
beermeister - Kinda rough. There is not enough information in the post to come to the conclusions that you have.
Posted 02/15/2013 08:00:33 EST
This seems to be more about a POS Home Inspector not a broker. Brokers are not Home Inspectors ,( although some are wanna be inspectors).
Just goes to show that the HI law in MA is not working.
Posted 02/14/2013 02:31:40 EST
@SVV - "Of course, if things go bad, as they just might, you would also have to play banker in another, pretty unpleasant way, foreclosing on your hapless buyer." Most often in a deal like this, it more »
Posted 02/11/2013 01:52:03 EST
artie - I think that most people understand that Harvard and MIT do not pay taxes,and are clicking dislike because it is such a stupid question. It is almost as stupid as expecting Swampscott to be more »
Posted 02/11/2013 01:43:38 EST
" But there is no such thing as a "blizzard," Hmmm, so what should we now call the blizzard of 1978? The weather underground has an interesting perspective on the 2013 blizzard. The recorded more »
Posted 02/11/2013 01:33:14 EST
JML02118 Weather station KMAMARL12 recorded winds over 35mph from 11PM Friday to 2AM Saturday with gusts to 62 mph. This data is available at the weatherunderground website. Also the bouy reports fr more »
Posted 02/11/2013 10:50:13 EST
David - If you close your eyes and do not see the sun rise does that mean it did not rise ? You should to be able to disern from the brightness that the sun has risen. The same applies to the blizz more »
Posted 02/11/2013 08:32:50 EST
"Throughout the storm, virtually no official reporting station recorded a blizzard. " David - Just because offical stations broke down does not mean it was not a bilzzard. There are numerous sour more »
Posted 02/09/2013 11:00:16 EST
faceless - You are in the correct ballpark.
Posted 02/08/2013 02:47:16 EST
HOUSING IS NOT AN INVESTMENT. True , but real estate is.
Posted 02/08/2013 02:44:13 EST
"A car will NEVER increase in value and should not be considered an investment.'
I guess I made a mistake mothballing a Mercedes Gullwing and a Jag XKE in the barn.
Posted 02/08/2013 11:51:26 EST
SVV - "A home is not an investment product"
That being said ,Please explain why the townhouse I bought in the South End in 1960 for $13,000 and sold in 2005 for $1,565,000 was not a good investment.
Posted 02/07/2013 09:46:05 EST
artie - Not quite 85 yet but, heading there. When making decisions on promotions as well as layoffs - Commitment is a high consideration. Home ownership is an indication of long term commitment. more »
Posted 02/07/2013 09:39:20 EST
thisisdumb - My point exactly.
Posted 02/06/2013 08:55:34 EST
"The pair like the flexibility that renting brings - if a job opportunity pops up in another city, they are good to go." I love their commitment to their current jobs. Their attitude will lead to more »
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Red Bull GRC: VW and Andretti Sports Marketing to bring event to D.C.
Apr 2, 2014, 2:05 PM EDT
Volkswagen of America, Inc. and Andretti Sports Marketing announced today that they have joined forces in bringing professional motorsports back to Washington, D.C. in extreme fashion with Volkswagen Rallycross DC—the third round of the 2014 Red Bull Global Rallycross Series to be held June 21-22 and televised live on NBC June 22. The two-day event will take place on the RFK Festival Grounds.
In addition to the Red Bull Global Rallycross action that has become a fast favorite of extreme sports fans, the festival, styled Volkswagen Rallycross DC, will feature live music, food, entertainment, a VIP club, and extreme sports legends such as Tanner Foust, Scott Speed, Ken Block, and Bucky Lasek.
"Volkswagen is excited to bring professional motorsports back to the Washington, D.C. metro area, and to be involved in such a fast-growing, action-oriented sport," said Clark Campbell, General Manager of Experiential Marketing, Volkswagen of America, Inc. "Volkswagen Rallycross DC is the perfect event to showcase the innovative performance of the Volkswagen brand and connect with our core enthusiasts."
"We're thrilled to hold a race with such an historic backdrop and to bring this innovative form of extreme motorsports to the forward-thinking environment of D.C.," declared Tim Mayer, General Manager, Volkswagen Rallycross DC. "In addition to putting on a spectacular show, we are committed to being good neighbors, and we look forward to some great initiatives we'll have in support of the race with a focus toward giving back to the community."
Andretti Sports Marketing also runs and operates the Verizon IndyCar Series race in Milwaukee, and the FIA Formula E race in Miami later this year.
More information will be available on www.redbullglobalrallycross.com/dc.
- techmeister1 - Apr 2, 2014 at 3:36 PM
Let's hope that VW puts some effort into a competitive team as they do almost nothing as far a pro racing in the U.S. Arena racing in the U.S. seems to be for auto makers who really aren't commited to pro production car racing.
- testover6370 - Apr 2, 2014 at 4:04 PM
The are extremely excited to use the word "extreme" and extremely large amount of times in one extremely enthusiastic article about such an extreme event.
- bmcgrath2 - Apr 2, 2014 at 10:12 PM
Is it me, or does that picture look like Michael Andretti has a half pouch of Levi Garrett in his cheek?
- techmeister1 - Apr 3, 2014 at 1:13 PM
Michael is laughing at the idea of VW entering arena racing. He has to be tactful because they gave him some money.
As far as exciting, for most TV race folks it's only exciting if they are crashing.
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However, they only offer a one year path at the most for Israel to head towards the deep blue sea.
If selected for publication, it will appear as soon as possible on Haaretz.com.
The leftist Meretz party on Tuesday unveiled its diplomatic platform - a four-year path to peace based on the Arab League initiative.


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2009 September Long Beach, CA Signature US Coin Auction #1129
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Condition Census 1883-CC Eagle, MS601883-CC $10 MS60 NGC. The 1883-CC Liberty Head eagle had a tiny emission of only 12,000 coins, and today it is virtually unknown in Mint State. Besides the present piece, NGC has certified two other Mint State examples, with a single MS61 finer. PCGS has graded a single MS60 example as the finest and only Mint State specimen (8/09). Rusty Goe points out that most of the local gold that flowed into Carson City in this year went toward production of double eagles, not eagles, and estimates that only 2% of the original mintage survives--in any grade.
Extremely Rare in Mint State
Extremely Rare in Mint State
The appealing surfaces on this specimen are lustrous yellow-gold, with a good strike and fewer singular abrasions than might be expected for the grade. Both sides, but especially the reverse, are somewhat prooflike, also as expected from such a low production. As Goe adds, most of the "handful of Mint State pieces in existence" are in "strong hands." Expect the bidder cards to fly high on this piece. Census: 3 in 60, 1 finer (8/09).(Registry values: N4719) (NGC ID# 2667, PCGS# 8700)
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text: About Contact: Lauren |at| laurenvhs |dot| com Subscribe to mailing list Lauren van Haaften-Schick is a curator, writer, and artist from New York, and PhD student in the History of Art and Visual Studies at Cornell University. Her current interests concern critical forms of circulation, and the legal and economic factors that influence the conceptual and material manifestations of art, with a focus on early conceptual art and institutional critique. Recent presentations and articles include the "charge practicum" at the Arts League Houston, "Living Labor: Marxism and Performance Studies" at New York University, "Valuing Labor in the Arts" at UC Berkeley, and "Cariou v. Prince: Toward a Theory of Aesthetic-Judicial Judgments," co-authored by Sergio Muñoz Sarmiento, and published in the Texas A&M Law Review. Her major exhibition and catalog "Canceled: Alternative Manifestations & Productive Failures," first exhibited at the Center for Book Arts, NY, in 2012, traveled to Albright College, Reading, PA, Smith College, Northampton, MA, and The Goethe Institut, New York, NY, among other venues. She is currently completing "Non-Participation," a collection of artists' letters of protest and refusal, to be published by Half Letter Press (Chicago/Copenhagen), and first presented at the Luminary Center for the Arts, St. Louis, MO, in June 2014. Lauren has been a participant in and lecturer for the Art & Law Program, The Gallerist Programme Workshop at de Appel arts centre, Amsterdam, the e-flux Time/Store and the workshop "Market, Alternative" at Trade School, New York. In 2011 she served as a research and database assistant for the late curator Seth Siegelaub and his work on art law and textile history.She was a founding director of Gallery TK in Northampton, MA from 2004-2006, AHN|VHS gallery and bookstore in Philadelphia, PA from 2009-2010, and the independent curators group Extra Curricular from 2013 to the present. She received a BA in Art History and Studio Art from Hampshire College in 2006. Tweet


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Knitter's Pride Basix Double Point Needles is a similar needle: double point and US 17 (12.0mm) US size. You may also like Bryspun Rosewood Double Point Needles, which is another similar needle: 7" / 7.5" and double point.
You may enjoy taking a look at the Spud & Chloe Outer TC's Cozy Hat, Blue Sky Alpacas Bulky Cardiff Coat, Blue Sky Alpacas Bobbi Bear, and Muench String of Pearls Peach Tank Top kits all using Brittany Double Point Needles.


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Browse delicatessens in Barnstaple featuring photos, videos, vouchers and delicatessens reviews to help you choose the right local delicatessens for you.
Why not list your delicatessens business on North Devon Journal?
Address: 37 Green Lanes Shopping Centre, , BARNSTAPLE, EX31 1UL
Address: 24 Pilton Street, , BARNSTAPLE, EX31 1PJ
Address: 30 Ilfracombe High Street, , Ilfracombe, EX34 9DA
Address: 15 Butchers Row, , BARNSTAPLE, EX31 1BW
Address: 10 Butchers Row, , Barnstaple, EX31 1BW
Address: 113 East Street, , SOUTH MOLTON, EX36 3DB
Address: 3 The Crescent, Mortehoe, WOOLACOMBE, EX34 7DX
Address: 37 South Street, , TORRINGTON, EX38 8AB
Address: 2 Castle Hill, , LYNTON, EX35 6JA
Address: 79 South Street, , SOUTH MOLTON, EX36 4AG
Address: 32 Nelson Road, , BIDEFORD, EX39 1LQ


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Located in Belmont Shore, CA
Paddling with the Aloha Spirit…
We are operating here on the mainland as Aloha Founders Lynne and Billy have expanded paddling now to OAHU with ALOHA SUP CLUB!
Meleana Brown sings
on ABC TV Duets with John Legend!
The sport of stand up paddling has exploded! Aloha Sup Rentals is offering Stand Up Paddle Board rentals to go on the Bay in Long Beach, CA. Reserve your stand up paddle board on our rental reservation site online and call or email for pick up and drop off arrangements . Stand Up Paddling (SUP) originated in Hawaii and the tradition continues in California. It's a great core workout and it feels like you are walking on water!
Alamitos Bay, Long Beach
Stand Up Paddling started in the 1950'S on Waikiki Beach in Hawaii. The Beachboys Duke Kahanomoku and Alfred and Bobby Ah Choy were asked to take pictures of the tourists while they were surfing. The Beachboys borrowed an outrigger paddle and paddled out, standing up on a 10 foot surfboard and took pictures of the tourists as they surfed.
Naples Canals
Naples Canals
The Peninsula
Fast forward to the year 2000 and serious watermen like Laird Hamilton, Dave Kalama , Brian Keaulana, Mel Pu'u and Bruce De Soto of Hawaii, seized on the idea of paddling their tandem boards as fitness workouts. It didn't take them long to realize how much fun this aspect of surfing could be. Stand Up Paddling was reborn!


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33 year old man | Seal Beach, CA, USA | Seeking women 25-33 within 15 miles
As you wish...
I am the oldest of 4 (twin younger brothers and a much younger sister), born and raised in Long Beach, and in many ways a typical California guy (gregarious, easy going, open-minded), only better. Unfortunately I don't tan due to my half-Irish heritage. I am lucky to have a wonderful family, a strong group of lifelong friends, and a great job (but that's not all). From the river to the Ritz, I am on-point in any situation (that is how my friends describe me). I love taking advantage of our year-around weather for a late afternoon kite session on the beach, a bike ride, sunset SUP or any other activity. Dogs are my favorite (grew up with Labs) but I can deal with and usually enjoy a cat, maybe 2. More than 2 -- I have this thing about a lot of cats, so that may be a deal breaker (literal and figurative scars from childhood). I have relatively traditional values, though I'm not religious. I do respect the role that religion plays in many people's lives, including much of my family, just not for me. I grew up on lots of baseball, soccer, and just a little football. I had unusual success in Little League and will hear about it for the rest of my life, so I've learned to laugh (and laugh and laugh) at the fact that I just may have "peaked at 11". I still enjoy playing softball and soccer when I can find the time. I love to travel more than anything, especially abroad. I took classes in Spain during my 3rd year of college and was able to visit much of Western Europe and Morocco. I left Spain pretty much fluent which makes travelling through Spanish-speaking countries much easier, so i plan to visit more of South and Central America in the future. There's also something about being that gringo that speaks like "un puro Cervantes" that I find to be really rewarding (hard work paying off and life enriched via convos with folks of utterly different POV's). Last year I went to China thrice (for work), spending a few weeks with locals at the garment factory I work with (which is audited and treats workers "ethically"). My last foreign trip for pleasure was to Peru (I visited Machu Picchu and Lima), and my recent trip to Kauai for RR was exactly what i needed! I graduated with a Bachelors degree from UC Berkeley (and I loved it!). I visit friends in the bay-area a few times a year. SF is a blast, especially if you can afford (and find) a cab. I laugh at pretty much anything, especially myself, so you're invited to join me (it makes things less awkward that way). Life is simply too short as I've learned, so we must make the most of it while we're here. cliche, yep, and extremely true. I marvel at our world everyday and the glimpses of Catalina on a clear morning, or the sorbert sunset I was just gazing at make me feel very lucky, even if they last just a moment. I am looking for someone who may share some of these interests, brings a lot to the table, has something fascinating to say that makes me laugh at the end, can listen, comprehend, and overall, engage in a vibrant conversation. Sarcasm is appreciated because it keeps me on my toes. At the same time, introspection, reflection, self-awareness are vital. I'm a pretty self-aware guy, in that I know where I've been and in a general sense, where I'm going. I'm relatively conscious of my strengths and weaknesses so I'd like to find someone else who has that kind of consciousness, without dwelling on it (i can still lose myself in the moment and enjoy doing so). In the right proportion, i enjoy witty banter as well. So much more good stuff, but I'm sure that's plenty for now. I know, i failed the brevity test... ; - /
Alumni connections , Camping , Coffee and conversation , Business networking , Dining out , Hobbies and crafts , Movies/Videos , Museums and art , Music and concerts , Exploring new areas , Nightclubs/Dancing , Playing cards , Playing sports , Political interests , Travel/Sightseeing , Volunteering , Watching sports , Wine tasting
Baseball, Bowling, Cycling, Football, Golf, Other types of exercise, Running, Skiing, Soccer, Tennis / Racquet sports, VolleyBall, Weights / Machines
I exercise 3-4 times per week.
I don't believe in astrology
I like Birds, Dogs, Fish
I like animals that have a personality or are very colorful.
Some other viewpoint
Belmont Shore, Laguna, SF, Spain, China, the world -- want to see it!
eclectic mix of alt rock, classic rock, 90's rap, some newer rap, really misc.
pick up soccer, golf, flying stunt kites, beach volleyball, movies, walking your dog, Halos, Blue Crew, horseshoes, bean bags, cards, etc.
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
|What he is looking for
|6'3" (190cms)
|4'10" (147cms) to 6'1" (185cms)
|Body type:
|Athletic and toned
|Slender, About average, Athletic and toned
|No preference
|Light brown
|No preference
|No Way
|No Way, Occasionally, Yes, but trying to quit
|Social Drinker
|Social Drinker, Regularly, Moderately
|Other profession
|No preference
I facilitate the custom apparel process, from concept to delivery. KISS: I do hoodies.
|I'll tell you later
|No preference
|Never Married
|No preference
|Have kids:
|Wants kids:
|Definitely, Someday
|White / Caucasian
|No preference
dominant irish blood but really a euro-mut.
|I'll tell you later
|No preference
|English, Spanish
|English, Spanish
|Bachelors degree
|Some college, Associates degree, Bachelors degree, Graduate degree, PhD / Post Doctoral
I value education highly. You can ask me about my BA in Rhetoric (happy to bore you with it), but I'd rather engage in actual rhetorical banter about our world or any other topic.


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Surprising Study Reveals Smoking Is on a Sharp Decline
Smoke 'em if you got 'em? Not quite.
Smoke 'em if you got 'em? Not quite.
It's only January, but there's no question we have a winner for boss of the year.
Mom rules.
Whoever said marriage is a prison was onto something.
Age ain't nothing but a number for Americans.
An internet sensation.
Who is Alex Trebek?
Life has imitated art for one girl.
In honor of the polar vortex currently wrapping its ice-cold hands around the country's throat, we thought it would be fun to take a trip to a summertime favorite: the amusement park.
Get ready to have your emotions played like a flute.
Both the San Francisco 49ers and San Diego Chargers triumphed in inclement weather conditions on Sunday to advance to the next round of the NFL playoffs. Here's a recap of the day's games:
Heisman winner Jameis Winston goes for Florida State's third national championship against Auburn's team of destiny.
The New Orleans Saints and Indianapolis Colts each won their wild card round playoff game in dramatic fashion on Saturday. Here's a recap of the action from both games:


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Individual Entrance Fees
Entry passes are available at all Rocky Mountain National Park entrance stations. In 2015, National Parks are discussing increasing entry fees. Please see the NPS webpage for up-to-date fee information at http://www.nps.gov/romo/planyourvisit/feesandreservations.htm
Automobile – $20 and valid for seven consecutive days, including the date of purchase
Pedestrians, bicycles, motorcycles and mopeds – $10 per person, not to exceed $20 per vehicle. Valid for seven days including the date of purchase.
You may also enter the park with an Annual Pass for Rocky Mountain National Park, Annual Pass for both Rocky Mountain National Park & Arapaho National Recreation Area, America the Beautiful – National Parks and Federal Recreational Lands Annual Pass, America the Beautiful – Senior Pass, America the Beautiful – Access Pass, and an America the Beautiful – Military Pass.
Campground Fees
Please check availability of campgrounds with Reserve America, www.reserveamerica.com or www.recreation.gov or call (877) 444-6777.
Also see our camping pages.
Backcountry Camping Permits
Please contact the backcountry office at (970) 586-1242 for updated information on the status of backcountry campsites, or visit the NPS Backcountry Camping web pages at http://www.nps.gov/romo/planyourvisit/backcountry.htm.
Other Permits
You also need to pay for a permit to do commercial photography in the park, hold a wedding or event, or spread cremated ashes. See the NPS permit page at http://www.nps.gov/romo/planyourvisit/permits.htm.


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Really love the Nasi kampong here. Its so delicious will definetely come again.the sambal belacan was superb
cold bland food... too much choice, but nothing to choose... :((
over exaggerated & EXPENSIVE!!!
Been here a several times, there are lots of food served here. Lots of local cuisines that will make ur mouth water. the are variety times of curry, vegetable they called "ulam", roasted fishes and chicken, and all some seafood. soo yummy. the price is average. at noon time will be packed. it very satisfied to have lunch here.
great place for kampong style lunch. a range choice of local dishes such as 'sup tulang', 'ulam-ulam', 'gulai kawah' etc. there's outdoor seat under the trees or by the river.
Register now for free — and start getting automatic notification of new reviews, responding to traveler feedback, adding new photos to your listing and much more.


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Big bouncy make big happy
Joined: Jun 2007
Location: North SF Bay, California
Oddometer: 1,278
Mendo NF Mill Fire VOLUNTEER DAY, 10am-4pm Saturday, 11/17/12
Mendocino National Forest (MNF) is having its second forest rehab volunteer event to address the aftermath of the Mill Fire. A completed volunteer agreement form is required to participate, if you haven't already submitted one. You may leave the top row of boxes blank; please fill out the rest, sign and return it to MNF by fax: 530-963-3173 or submit it at the event.
Location: Davis Flat Campground
9.5 miles west of Stonyford on Road 18N03
Lat - 39° 21' 46.56959", Long - 122° 39' 13.4028"
NO WATER at campground
Nearest food and gas at Stonyford
BRING YOUR LUNCH and PLENTY TO DRINK
Rain or shine event, BRING APPROPRIATE APPAREL AND SUN PROTECTION
Vouchers for free camping Saturday night at Davis Flat Campground will be available again to participants at the event.
"It also looks like we have a sponsor providing dinner for the volunteers that evening as well", per the MNF.
The Bearfoot Family Enduro (www.rrmc.cc) is ON for Sunday, 11/18, so there's even more reason to make a weekend of it.
Coincidentally, the peak of the Leonids meteor shower is predicted for Saturday night.
MNF campground, road and trail closure information here.
Save the dates; additional volunteer days are scheduled December 15 and January 19.
K. L. Rocket screwed with this post 10-26-2012 at 04:19 PM
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Our Best Gingerbread
|All purpose flour
|2 1⁄2 Cup (40 tbs), sifted
|Baking soda
|1 1⁄2 Teaspoon
|Ground ginger
|1 Teaspoon
|Ground cinnamon
|1 Teaspoon
|1⁄2 Teaspoon
|Vegetable shortening
|1⁄2 Cup (8 tbs) (soft)
|1⁄2 Cup (8 tbs)
|1 Cup (16 tbs)
|Hot water
|1 Cup (16 tbs)
1) Preheat the oven to 350°F.
2) Lightly grease 13X9X2-inch layer cake pans.
3) In a bowl, sift together flour, soda, ginger, cinnamon, and salt.
4) In a large mixer bowl beat shortening with sugar until fluffy.
5) While still beating add in the molasses and egg.
6) Gradually add in flour mixture, half at a time, beating just until blended.
7) Stir in hot water until smooth.
8) Transfer the flour mixture into a baking pan.
9) Bake in the oven for 30 minutes, or until a toothpick inserted in cakes comes out clean.
10) Place the pan over a wire racks and allow to cool the layers for 10 minutes
11) Using knife loosen the cake around the edges and turn out onto wire rack.
12) Slice the cake into big squares and serve warm or cold, plain or with desired topping
13) Leave in pan to cool on a wire rack, or let cool 10 minutes, then loosen around edge with a knife and turn out onto rack.
14) Cut into big squares; serve warm or cold, plain or with a topper of your choice.


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Originally written on Pro Sports Daily | Last updated 7/21/12
Atlanta Falcons coach Mike Smith announced Saturday that three-time Pro Bowl linebacker Lofa Tatupu sustained a pectoral injury while working out recently. "At this point, we do not know the extent of the injury, but we expect to have more information early next week," Smith told the team's website. The Falcons open training camp on Thursday. Atlanta signed Tatupu in March after missing last season with an injury with an injury. Tatupu spent six years in Seattle, earning three Pro Bowl nods and one trip to the Super Bowl with the Seahawks.
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Redshirt sophomore ArDarius Stewart is expected to be Alabama's No. 1 WR this season.
ESPN's Alex Scarbrough pegged junior LB Reuben Foster as Alabama's breakout candidate.
Alabama sophomore OT Cameron Robinson "has the strong lower body to generate movement in the running game," notes NFL Media draft analyst Lance Zierlein.
NFL Media draft analyst Lance Zierlein "came away disappointed" in a tape study of Alabama junior tight end O.J. Howard.
In a college football player draft between FOX Sports' Stewart Mandel and Bruce Feldman, Alabama junior DL A'Shawn Robinson was selected first overall.
Alabama senior ILB Reggie Ragland "still has room for improvement in pass coverage -- not surprising, given his size -- but Alabama will be physically dominant in the front seven this year, and Ragland is a huge reason why," notes Sports on Earth's Matt Brown.
NFL Media draft analyst Chad Reuter wonders if Alabama senior LB Reggie Ragland is "athletic enough to be a three-down linebacker in any system."
Alabama senior DT Jarran Reed "is utterly disruptive in the middle," notes NFL Media draft analyst Chad Reuter.
Alabama 2015 RB signee DeSherrius Flowers has been deemed academically ineligible despite already attending classes at the school.
Oregon State graduate WR Richard Mullaney has announced that he will be transferring to Alabama.
Dismissed Alabama redshirt sophomore RB Tyren Jones will play at Hutchinson (Kansas) Community College next season.
ESPN.com's Edward Aschoff notes that redshirt junior Jacob Coker "still hasn't taken the starting spot, despite being more comfortable with Kiffin's offense."
Oregon State graduate WR Richard Mullaney will visit Alabama on Monday.
Oregon State graduate WR Richard Mullaney will transfer.
Alabama sophomore CB Tony Brown boasts the third-fastest 110-meter hurdle time of all college football players.


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Results 1 to 3 of 3
November 2nd, 2002 #1Delttorman Guest
What be the difference between the Wacom Intuous 2 and the Graphire 2?
Hello, I've been lurking for a while and this is my first post. My question though, is, what is the difference between the Wacom Intuous 2 and the Wacom Graphire 2. I can't really find the information on the site and I'm looking to purchase either one. So any information would be appreciated.
Hide this ad by registering as a memberNovember 2nd, 2002 #2
if you compare the tech specs they give on their site, you'll see that:
the graphire is available in one tiny size while intuos is also available in larger sizes
graphire featurs 512 levels of pressure while intuos features 1024 (= finer control of pen pressure)
also, the graphire doesn't recognize the tilting of your stylus, the intuos does.
with your standard photoshop brushes, you won't fnd this very important but in painter, you can't use some tools effectively at all without it (palette knifes and such)
resulting of all this, intuos is more expensive.
November 2nd, 2002 #3Delttorman Guest


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35 year old man | Gilbert, AZ, USA | Seeking women 30-39 within 20 miles of Mesa, AZ
All in all is all we are
Hey there. Thanks for stopping by and taking a look. I am a recent transplant from the Midwest loving all the things the valley has to offer. I am a former college athlete so sports and being active are very important to me. I am originally from Wisconsin so Midwest values and work ethic are characteristics i am drawn to in a partner. Similar interests such as sports, movies, exercise and outdoor activities are great but I am up for any kind of adventure. I'm a positive person and try to surround myself with positive people in my life. I have a competitive side due to my sports background so someone who isn't afraid to challenge me is definitely a plus.
Dining out , Movies/Videos , Museums and art , Music and concerts , Exploring new areas , Playing sports , Travel/Sightseeing , Volunteering , Watching sports
Baseball, Basketball, Billiards / Pool, Football, Golf, Running, Tennis / Racquet sports, VolleyBall, Walking / Hiking, Weights / Machines
I exercise 5 or more times per week.
I like Dogs, Fish, Horses
Not a pet person myself but I have no pet issues.
Middle of the Road
I have traveled all over the united states so no true favorites.
University of Wisconsin–Platteville, Platteville, WI
Excercise, Rec-league softball, Golf, Hiking, Movies, live sporting events (football and baseball)
I love to golf, hike, and stay active. I exercise 4-5 times a week to stay healthy. You can usually find me in either a recreational softball or basketball game. Whether its a movie night at home or great dining experience I enjoy life as it goes.
The Hobbit J.R. Tolken
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
|What he is looking for
|6'2" (187cms)
|5'0" (152cms) to 6'5" (195cms)
|Body type:
|Athletic and toned
|Slender, About average, Athletic and toned
|Blue, Brown, Green
|Dark brown
|Light brown, Dark brown, Blonde, Dark blonde
|No Way
|No Way
|Social Drinker
|Social Drinker
|Executive / Management
|Administrative / Secretarial, Artistic / Creative / Performance, Executive / Management, Medical / Dental / Veterinary / Fitness, Political / Govt / Civil Service / Military, Retail / Food services, Sales / Marketing, Self-Employed / Entrepreneur, Student, Education / Teacher / Professor, Technical / Science / Computers / Engineering, Travel / Hospitality / Transportation, Nonprofit / Volunteer / Activist, Fashion / Model / Beauty, Architecture / Interior design
I am in retail management here in the Phoenix area
|$35,001 to $50,000
|$25,001 to $35,000, $35,001 to $50,000, $50,001 to $75,000, $75,001 to $100,000
|Never Married
|Never Married, Divorced
|Have kids:
|Wants kids:
|Definitely, Someday
|White / Caucasian
|Asian, Latino / Hispanic, Native American, White / Caucasian
I am Italian-German which is an awsome combo...my appearance tends to favor the italian side
|Spiritual but not religious
|Spiritual but not religious
Was raised in the catholic faith but I am not a practicing catholic.
|Bachelors degree
|High school, Some college, Associates degree, Bachelors degree, Graduate degree, PhD / Post Doctoral
I have a BA in Criminal Justice.


text:
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Healthcare Providers and Services
Company Overview of Brigham and Women's Hospital
Company Overview
75 Francis Street
Boston, MA 02115
United States
Founded in 1980
Key Executives for Brigham and Women's Hospital
Brigham and Women's Hospital Key Developments
David W. Bates, MD, MSc, has been named Senior Vice President and Chief Innovation Officer at Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH), effective immediately. In this new leadership position, Bates, an internationally renowned expert in patient safety, will foster a culture of innovation and the establishment of infrastructure to support it across the institution. Bates, who previously served as the Chief Quality Officer at BWH, will focus on identifying opportunities to drive transformative change at BWH, with the goal of translating inventions, discoveries and new ideas into services and products that benefit patients and improve the delivery of care. He will also serve as executive sponsor of the Brigham Innovation Hub (iHub), a catalyst of innovation across the hospital. Bates will continue in his role as chief of the Division of General Medicine and Primary Care at BWH. Bates is also a professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School and a professor of Health Policy and Management at the Harvard School of Public Health, where he co-directs the Program in Clinical Effectiveness. He also serves as medical director of Clinical and Quality Analysis for Partners Healthcare.
Paul J. Anderson has been named chief academic officer and senior vice president of Research for Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH), effective immediately. This is new position, created earlier this year to bring a senior leadership focus to the core values of research and education. Anderson, a senior physician in the Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy and the K. Frank Austen professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School, has been serving in this role on an interim basis since June. Under Anderson's leadership, BWH will focus on the development and implementation of an innovative, creative and research and education strategic plan; proactive and collaborative relationships within BWH and across Partners HealthCare, as well with as industry leaders; and fostering relationships with both private and public research funding entities. Anderson will oversee the activities of the Brigham Research Institute and will serve as executive leader as the hospital develops the Brigham Education Institute.
NanoString Technologies, Inc. announced that it has signed a multi-year, multi-investigator research collaboration with Brigham and Women's Hospital to accelerate the translation of genomic biomarker discoveries into clinical cancer diagnostics. Using NanoString's Elements reagents, assays will be developed to detect gene expression, copy number variations, and fusions from a diverse range of tumor samples. NanoString's nCounter(R) Analysis System is an automated and easy-to-use platform that utilizes a novel digital barcoding chemistry to deliver high precision multiplexed assays across a number of important research applications. The research collaboration will enable the researchers at Brigham and Women's Hospital to evaluate and analyze a repository of patient derived tumor tissues for identification of gene signatures and gene expression profiles that typify a specific tumor type. This knowledge is expected to fuel the development of validated diagnostic tests with potential to vastly improve clinical decisions involved in treatment of cancer patients. Under the terms of the agreement, NanoString retains the right to license diagnostic content developed within the scope of the collaboration.
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Sponsored Financial Commentaries
Sponsored Links
To contact Brigham and Womens Hospital, please visit www.brighamandwomens.org. Company data is provided by Capital IQ. Please use this form to report any data issues.
Our data partners will research the update request and update the information on this page if necessary. Research and follow-up could take several weeks. If you have questions, you can contact them at firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Check out this eye catching 1970 Tor Red Cuda with Shaker Hood. This Super Clean, Collectable, and Highly Desired Cuda is almost every Muscle Car Enthusiast dream car. Inside is pure Muscle Car. Black Bucket Seats, Console, Pistol Grip Shifter, Rally Gauges with Tachometer, Clock and Driver Remote Mirror make this car a true pleasure to drive. Under the pinned hood sits the Legendary, numbers matching, and powerful 440 6 pack mated up to a 4 speed and a Dana 60 rear end it will set you back in the seat. Riding on a set of Chrysler 15 inch Rallys and White letter Wide Oval Tires gives this car head turning curb appeal. These Rare cars in this condition are becoming extinct. Do not miss you chance.
Price: $99,900


text:
Stay Engaged
Joining the Alumni Association is free and just takes a moment to complete this form. We will send you your alumni card and sign you up to receive e-newsletters every other month. If you have any questions, please call us at 209.667.3131 or e-mail us at firstname.lastname@example.com.
The information on this form is kept confidential for CSU Stanislaus use only.


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Japan PM warns of security perils at Obama talks
Published on Nov 20, 2012 1:13 PM
PHNOM PENH (AFP) - Japanese Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda on Tuesday warned of an increasingly severe security environment in Asia amid raging territorial disputes, as he met US President Barack Obama.
The Japanese leader, widely expected to lose power in an election next month, held talks with Mr Obama on the sidelines of the East Asia summit in Cambodia, and praised the US leader's foreign policy pivot towards the region. "I welcome the US policy of placing importance on the Asia-Pacific region," Mr Noda said, speaking through a translator.
"With the increasing severity of the security environment in East Asia, the importance of the Japan-US alliance is increasing," he said.
Mr Obama, who often bills foreign trips as a trade-related extension of his effort to restore prosperity at home, said the two leaders would discuss "economic issues that the world is facing right now". He added it was "very important" for the allies to "coordinate effectively" on trade, investment and jobs.
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