text:
By using the ratio of the G component to the R component G/R, or the ratio of the B component to the R component B/R, from a television monitor image, and referring to a conversion table for converting to distribution temperature, a surface temperature of a flame is found for each pixel. An area in which luminance signals included in an image of a surveillance area exceed a prescribed level is sampled as a flame outline, and at least the distribution temperature of a sampled flame region is detected, and distance to a radiant energy source is measured. The amount of radiant energy from the radiant energy source is estimated by computation, based on the sampled flame area and its distribution temperature and the distance to the source of radiant energy. The system is provided with a fire image recognition section for recognizing a fire from radiant energy itself and from change in radiant energy over time and outputting fire detection information and an intruder entity recognition section which, from monitor images from the same camera, recognizes an intruder entity and outputs burglary detection information. Processing modes are provided enabling fire and/or intruder entity image processing to be selected. If abnormality detection information is received using fire image or intruder entity recognition processing, a pre-alarm is outputted in the central monitor room, and also the monitor image in the central monitor room is switched to the image of the location where the abnormality has been detected.
1. A surveillance monitor system using image processing, comprising:
an image-taking means for taking an image of areascape of a surveillance area;
a fire image recognition section for recognizing a fire from a monitor image taken by said image-taking device and outputting fire detection information;
an intruder entity image recognition section for recognizing an intruding entity from a monitor image taken by said image-taking device and outputting intruder detection information;
a mode switching section for specifying that a monitor image be processed by said fire image recognition section and/or said intruder entity image recognition section;
a pre-alarm output section for outputting a pre-alarm in a central monitor room upon receipt of detection information from said fire image recognition section or said intruder entity image recognition section;
an image switching section for switching, in response to said pre-alarm, a monitor image in said central monitor room to an image of a location where an abnormality has been detected;
said fire image recognition section comprising fire judging means using image processing for judging whether or not there is a fire based on a radiant energy source's radiant energy found by a radiant energy calculating means;
said fire judging means comprising flame outline sampling means for sampling as an outline of a flame an area whose luminance signals, included in an image taken by said image-taking means, exceed a prescribed level;
at least temperature detection means for detecting a distribution temperature inside a flame outline sampled by said flame outline sampling means;
distance measurement means for measuring a distance to a radiant energy source; and
said radiant energy calculating means for calculating radiant energy from the radiant energy source, based on the distribution temperature inside the flame outline sampled by said flame outline sampling means;
said image-taking means taking color images, and said temperature detection means finding for each pixel a flame surface temperature using a ratio of a G component to an R component (G/R) or a ratio of a B component to the R component (B/R) of said color images taken by said image-taking means and referring to a conversion table for converting to said distribution temperature.
2. A surveillance monitor system according to claim 1, wherein said fire judging means judges whether or not there is a fire, based on radiant energy obtained in each prescribed sampling cycle and on a change in radiant energy between sampling times.
3. A surveillance monitor system according to claim 1, wherein said temperature detecting means detects a distribution temperature of an image based on a measurement output of a radiation thermometer.
4. A surveillance monitor system according to claim 1, wherein said distance measurement means measures a distance to a radiant energy source by the amount of lens movement of an autofocus of said image-taking means or by using a distance finder.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a surveillance monitor system for monitoring fires and thefts, in particular one designed so that it can recognize and warn of both fires and thefts by monitoring images from the same television camera. The invention also relates to a surveillance monitor system which detects a fire by a fire detection method using images of a surveillance area, from which the system deduces the radiant energy of the radiant energy source and, from this data, judges whether there is a fire.
2. Description of the Related Art
There are known fire monitor systems using television cameras and having the virtue of providing a great quantity of information and monitoring a large surveillance area. Also there are known burglary monitor systems using television cameras.
An example of a fire monitor system using a television camera is Japanese Patent Laid Open 1-268570, a fire extinguishing system.
This system can recognize the size of a flame and detect the position of a flame by processing luminance signals of a monitor image obtained by a monitor television camera. In more detail, it compares an image's luminance signals with a threshold value, and judges a part of the image whose luminance signals exceed the threshold value to be a fire source. As an example, this method for detecting a radiant energy source based on luminance signals is used for detecting a radiant energy source for the purpose of controlling an extinguishing system in Japanese Patent Laid Open 1-268572. If there are a plurality of flames it extinguishes the fire by controlling the nozzle based on arranging the targets to be extinguished in order of size from the largest flame downwards.
Again, an example of an anti-burglary monitor system using a television camera is Japanese Patent Laid Open 2-171897, an abnormality monitor system. In this system a reference image of the surveillance area in its normal state is memorized beforehand, and edges in a current image obtained by the television camera are sampled and compared with the reference image. Then only (an edge or) edges which appear/(s) in the current image but not in the reference image are/(is) sampled, and if the number of pixels of the area surrounded by the edge exceeds the threshold value number, it recognizes it as an intruder. Also the new edge information of current images is constantly logically added to amend the reference image so that, even though the shadows of objects in the room move with the movement of the sun, these shadows are not mistakenly recognized as intruders.
However, known monitor systems using television cameras were divided into systems monitoring fires and systems for anti-burglary monitoring, and thought of separately, so that even if they were installed in the same building, they were installed as separate systems and also the data from the two systems was processed separately, resulting in the following problems.
First, compared with monitor systems using presently used fire sensors and intruder detectors the system cost of a monitor system using a television camera was rather high because an image processor exclusively for processing the enormous quantity of data were used. As a result surveillance monitor systems using a television camera are not in widespread use.
Second, the image processing technology for recognizing fires and for recognizing intruders had not been perfected or brought to maturity, and therefore there was still the possibility of some other cause being mistakenly recognized as a fire or intruder. Thus, the automatic issuing of an alarm based on image recognition was a problem from the point of view of reliability, just as it was with conventional fire sensors and intruder detectors.
Third, particularly in the case of fire detection based on the known method depending solely on luminance signals, lights other than fires, for example reflected light of headlights, or sunlight, sometimes caused the luminance signals to exceed the threshold value. As a result it was difficult to distinguish correctly between changes in luminance signals due to a fire and change in luminance signals due to other causes, and thus fire detection systems using images had the disadvantage of not being sufficiently reliable.
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a fire prevention monitor system using image processing, which, even in the present state of image recognition art, can improve the reliability of monitoring performance while having an equipment cost reduced to the lowest possible level.
It is a further object of the invention to provide a fire monitor system which performs fire detection based on an image-using fire detection method which is devised so as to be able to accurately judge whether an abnormality in a monitor image is a fire or not by deduction based on the radiant energy of the abnormality.
To these ends, the present invention is of the structure explained below. The numerals correspond to those in the drawings.
A surveillance monitor system of the present invention using image processing is provided with image-taking devices 10-1.sup.˜ 10-n and fire image recognizer 26 which recognizes a fire from an image taken by image-taking devices 10-1.sup.˜ 10-n and outputs fire detection information, and intruder image recognizer 28 which recognizes an intruder from the images taken by image-taking devices 10-1.sup.˜ 10-n and outputs a burglary information, and mode switcher 24 which specifies that image processing be of images from fire image recognizer 26 and/or intruder image recognizer 28, and image switcher 18 which, when a pre-alarm is outputted, switches the monitor image in the central monitor room monitor to the image of the location at which an abnormality has been detected.
As a structure for performing image processing in a surveillance monitor system according to the present invention, the following are provided: image-taking means for taking images of the surveillance area; flame outline sampler 128 which samples the outlines of flames 114 included in images obtained by the image-taking means; at least temperature detection means 122 and 124, or 140 and 146, which detect the distribution temperature of the flame outline sampled by flame outline sampler 128; distance determining means 112 and 130, or 144, which determine(s) the distance to the fire source; radiant energy calculator 132 which calculates the radiant energy E from the fire source, based on (1) the distribution temperature inside the flame outline, sampled by flame outline sampler 128 and (2) the distance to the flame source; and 134 which judges whether there is a fire or not, using the fire source's energy E found by radiant energy calculator 132.
The image-taking means takes color images, and from the ratio of the G component to the R component ( G/R ) or of the B component to the R component ( B/R ) in these images temperature detection means 122 and 124 find, for each pixel, the surface temperature of the flame, by referring to a conversion table for obtaining distribution temperatures.
As another example of a temperature detection means, the distribution temperature of images may be detected based on the measurement output of a radiation thermometer.
Further, the fire judging means judges whether there is a fire or not based on the radiant energy obtained in each prescribed sampling period and the change in radiant energy between sampling times.
In addition, the distance detection means establishes the distance to the radiant energy source by using the amount of movement of the lens of the image taking means' autofocus mechanism or by using a distance finder.
In a surveillance monitor system of the present invention using image processing and of the structure described above, one television camera is provided for each surveillance area, and then from its monitor images, fire and/or burglary can be recognized by image processing of fire and/or intruder entity images, according to the mode setting.
As a result, the image processing hardware, namely television cameras, ADC and frame memory, can be used in common for both fire monitoring and burglary monitoring. In fact, all that is required is to load the fire image recognition software and the intruder recognition software. Therefore, as the system structure is simpler than with separate systems and a large reduction in cost can be achieved more widespread use of surveillance monitor systems using television cameras can be promoted.
Further, even if the technology for recognition of fire and intruders are not necessarily perfect, if a fire or burglary is detected by image processing, a pre-alarm is outputted in the central monitor room and the monitor image is manually or automatically switched to the image of the location where the abnormality has been detected.
Therefore, on receiving the pre-alarm output a surveillance person can verify whether there is a fire, or a burglary, by checking the image of the location, and will then immediately know whether there is an abnormality such as a fire or whether it is a false alarm. Moreover, even if there is an image processing misrecognition, the reliability of the system can be sufficiently maintained despite producing any false report, since a human being sees the television camera image of the actual location and makes the final judgement.
In addition, a surveillance monitor system of the invention performing fire detection by an image-using fire detection method having such a structure samples as a flame outline any outline in an image taken by the image-taking camera whose luminance signals exceed a predetermined level and finds the distribution temperature inside the sampled outline. If the outline shape and distribution temperature are thus found, the radiant energy E from inside the flame outline can be calculated based on the Stefan-Boltzmann law.
Further, from the fact that the size of a flame on the screen varies depending on the distance, the area of the flame on the screen can be revised to the true flame area by measuring the distance to the fire source, and the amount of energy being radiated( amount of heat produced ) from the flames can be estimated.
Thus it is possible, if the radiant energy from the flames can be estimated, to judge whether it is a fire or some other energy source. Also, by looking at the changes, i.e. transitions, in radiant energy of each sampling combined, them it can judge accurately whether there is a fire or not.
That is to say, because it judges whether there is a fire or not by estimating the radiant energy taking the portion which has a constant luminance level as an abnormality, it can perform fire judgement with a high degree of reliability unaffected by the size or shape of the surveillance area.
Also, because it judges a fire by directly detecting the radiant energy from flames, it can judge a fire in a shorter time than known fire detectors which use smoke and/or heat.
In addition, since it can judge a fire from monitor images from a camera, the area which can be covered by one system is increased, and if a surveillance area scanning mechanism and/or zoom mechanism is provided on the camera an even larger area can be monitored.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the section relating to fire detection of the image processing unit of the first embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the characteristic used as a basis for conversion of G/R ratio into distribution temperature ( used for temperature detection ) in the first embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing sampling of a flame outline in the first embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing the structure of a second embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the characteristic used as a basis for conversion of B/R ratio into distribution temperature ( used for temperature detection ) in the first embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the structure of a first embodiment according to the present invention. FIG. 2 shows the structure of the subsections of FIG. 1's image processing section relating to fire detection. In FIG. 1 10-1, 10-2, . . . 10-n are television cameras acting as image-taking devices. In this embodiment one television camera is provided in each of surveillance areas 12-1, 12-2, . . . 12-n, for example one television camera on each floor of a building. As television cameras 10-1.sup.˜ 10n, for example color CCD cameras or infrared CCD cameras, or any other suitable image-taking device may be used.
In this embodiment, CCD cameras are used as image-taking means and autofocusses 112 are provided, and, for example, each one is placed in such a position that it can cover the whole of each surveillance area. Also, depending on requirements, the television cameras 10 may be made to scan the surveillance area.
Television cameras 10-1.sup.˜ 10n each take an image of the surveillance area once in each determined sampling period, and the color images thus obtained are passed to image processing section 16.
Image processing section 16 comprises camera switcher 18 as image switcher, analog-digital converter (hereinafter ADC ) 20 and image processor 100. This image processor 100 has a frame memory 22, a mode switcher 24, a fire image recognizer 26, an intruder image recognizer 28 and an abnormality judger 30.
The structure of image processing section 16 will now be described, together with its operation, in detail. Camera switcher 18 switches television cameras 10-1.sup.˜ 10-n once in each fixed switching cycle and sends each monitor image to ADC 20. This ADC 20 samples, in a fixed sampling cycle, signals obtained as picture signals, for example RGB R, G and B component signals and luminance signals, on a pixel basis and then converts them into multitonal digital data. Then the data converted by ADC 20 from the frame obtained from television camera 10 is stored in frame memory 22. That is, RGB and luminance signals are stored in R component frame memory 116, G component frame memory 118, B component frame memory 120 and luminance component frame memory 126 respectively. The capacity of frame memory 22 is decided appropriately based on the number of frames needed for image recognition.
Based on mode switch signals from outside, mode switcher 24, which is disposed subsequent to frame memory 22, reads out from frame memory mode switcher 24 image data to be processed. Then it sends them to the specified image recognizer or recognizers, fire image recognizer 26 and/or intruder recognizer 28.
There are three types of mode between which mode switcher 24 switches. They are:
(a) fire image recognition mode;
(b) intruder entity image recognition mode;
(c) fire and intruder entity image recognition mode.
Concretely, in this case the way of using these modes might be to specify for mode switcher 24, for example mode (a) (i.e. fire image recognition mode ) for the daytime and mode (c) (i.e. fire and intruder entity image recognition mode ) for the nighttime.
Fire image recognizer 26 samples fire-caused images from the pictures obtained by the television camera and performs recognition on them. As a means for doing this there is a method, e.g. as in Japanese Patent Laid Open 1-268570, of sampling a fire-caused flame portion from the luminance signals in the monitor images and performing recognition. At this time, based on the recognition processing using the sampling of this flame portion, the size of the flame region may be recognized in addition. Also, fire may be recognized from the flicker frequency of a flame detected from luminance signals. Again, fire may be recognized from smoke density or speed of ascent of the fire's smoke, capturing by image processing the smoke from the fire captured in monitor images. Other suitable processing methods for fire recognition by monitor image processing can be used without any modification.
In regard to the above, details of the structure of the present invention are as follows. Fire image recognizer 26 comprises a ratio calculator 122, a temperature converter 124, a flame outline sampler 128, a distance detection device 130 and a radiant energy calculator 132.
Ratio calculator 122 and temperature converter 124 are provided as temperature detection means which detects the distribution temperature of images from television camera 10. That is, ratio calculator 122 calculates the G/R of a G component and an R component (of the same pixel position ) obtained by reading out G component frame memory 118 and R component frame memory 116. By using a conversion table based on experimentally obtained characteristic (shown in FIG. 3 ), and by accessing the conversion table with the G/R ratio value obtained by ratio calculator 122 the distribution temperature for each pixel can be found based on the characteristic of FIG. 3. Also, the distribution temperature for each pixel may be found from the B/R ratio by calculating B/R, the ratio of the B component to the R component, and using a conversion table based on experimentally obtained characteristics shown in FIG. 6.
Flame outline sampler 128 is disposed subsequent to luminance component frame memory 126. Among the luminance signals stored in luminance component frame memory 126, flame outline sampler 128 samples as flame outlines the outlines of regions which exceed a prescribed level. The signals showing the amount of movement of the image-taking lens caused by autofocus control by television camera 10's autofocus 112 can be passed to distance detection device 130 and the distance to the in-focus position, e.g. the distance to flame 114, can be calculated.
The temperature found by temperature converter 124, the outline information obtained by flame outline sampler 128, and the distance to flame 114 detected by distance detection device 130 are passed to radiant energy calculator 132 and calculation to estimate the radiant energy inside the flame outline is performed.
The calculation performed by radiant energy calculator 132 is based on the Stefan-Boltzmann law. The temperature T of the flame is given by the following equation:
E=ε�σ�S�T4 [watt] (1)
σ=Stefan-Boltzmam constant=5.67�10-8 [W�m-2 �k-4 ]
S: surface area of flame [m2 ]
ε: radiation rate.
Here radiation rate ε and σ are treated as constants. For the radiation rate it was found by experiment that a value of approximately 0.2 may be used.
FIG. 4 shows one example of a flame outline 148 sampled by flame outline sampler 128 from an image of luminance component frame memory 126. For pixels of the diagonally hatched area inside the flame outline 148, convolution integration of (Si�Ti4 ), in which Si is the area of 1 pixel and Ti is the temperature of each pixel, can be carried out, by using the temperature obtained by temperature converter 124. Concretely, ##EQU1## may be used. n is the number of pixels inside the flame outline.
Further, the area S of an individual pixel, used in the calculation of equation (2), is converted into the area on an actual flame by using the detected distance from distance detection device 130. Note that here the area of the flame is for the flame considered as a plane.
Whereas fire image recognizer 26 performs sampling of fire images, intruder image recognizer 28 is for sampling and recognizing intruder-related images from the pictures obtained by a television camera. As a method for doing this, it compares the edge information of a current image with a reference image such as is described in Japanese Patent Laid Open 2-171897 and can use processing which recognizes as an intruder entity an edge portion which appears in a current image, but not in a reference image. Of course, this is not the only possible recognition processing method. Suitable methods for recognizing the human body using image processing may be used without any modification.
Next, abnormality judger 30, which comprises fire judger 30a and intruder judger 30b (the latter not shown in the illustrations ), judges whether an abnormality is a fire or a burglary, based on the recognition result output by fire image recognizer 26 or intruder image recognizer 28. Taking fire judgement as an example, it compares the recognition result outputted by fire image recognizer 26, for example the number of pixels, showing the size of the flame, with a predetermined threshold value, and if there is a threshold value abnormality it judges that there is a fire. Besides simple judgement based on comparison with a threshold, it finds the amount of change over time, based on a a previous recognition result and this time's recognition result, and if this amount of change over time exceeds a predetermined value it judges that it is a fire. Further it may also be arranged that, based on a plurality of previous recognition results, for example it finds the value of each constant a, b and c in a quadratic function y=ax2+bx+c, predicts the amount of time remaining till the threshold level at which there is judged to be a fire will be exceeded, and if this time remaining is below a threshold level, makes a predictive judgement of judging that there is a fire.
In detail, according to the present invention, fire judgement is performed as described next. Referring again to FIG. 2, the radiant energy inside the flame outline calculated by radiant energy calculator 132 is passed to fire judger 30a, which judges whether there is a fire or not. Fire judger 30a is provided with No. 1 judger 136, which judges whether there is a fire or not from the radiant energy of each sampling, and No. 2 judger 138, which judges whether there is a fire or not from change in radiant energy between sampling times, that is to say from radiant energy transition. For example, No. 1 fire judger 136 has two threshold levels, a higher one and a lower one, and if the radiant energy exceeds the higher threshold level then it immediately judges that there is a fire. On the other hand, if the radiant energy exceeds the lower but not the higher threshold level, change in radiant energy between sampling times is checked by No. 2 judger 138. Then, if, in addition to there being an increase in radiant energy, the rate of increase of radiant energy exceeds a prescribed value, it judges that there is a fire. Further, even if the radiant energy exceeds the higher threshold level in No. 1 fire judger 136 and No. 1 fire judger 136 judges that there is a fire, the change in radiant energy between sampling times is checked by No. 2 fire judger 138, and if there is almost no change, i.e. if the radiant energy is constant, it judges that there is a steady flame, a flame other than a fire, in the surveillance area, and therefore it does not judge that there is a fire.
With regard to the recognition results from intruder image recognizer 28, in the same way it performs a comparison between a threshold value and the number of pixels inside an edge sampled as a human form, and judges whether there is an intruder from the movement over time of an edge recognized as a human form.
Next, when a fire or intruder entity judgement result is obtained by abnormality judger 30, information showing the detection location, together with each kind of detection information, is sent to a host computer 32 provided in the central monitor room.
FIG. 5 shows a second embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the temperature of a surveillance area is detected by a radiation thermometer 140 and stored two-dimensionally in distribution temperature detector 146. For detection of the distance to the flames a laser or other distance finder 144 is used, and since temperature detection using the G/R component ratio of a color image as in the first embodiment is not necessary, flame outline is detected from luminance signals by flame outline detector using a monochrome television camera 142. Radiant energy calculator 132 and fire judger 30a are as in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2.
Next, the processing performed when a fire or intruder entity judgement is obtained by abnormality judger 30 will be explained.
Host computer 32 comprises a monitor display 42, the computer itself 44 and as an operation unit a keyboard 46. When an abnormality detection report is received by an abnormality judger 30 of image processing section 16 which is provided on the terminal side, in the same way a pre-alarm outputter 40 of fire alarm panel 34 installed in the central monitor room is activated and a pre-alarm is given. Of course a pre-alarm outputter may be provided in the computer itself 44. At the same time together with a pre-alarm display a message display of location information about the surveillance area, e.g. surveillance area 12-1, in which a fire has broken out is displayed on monitor display 42.
Next, a pre-alarm output is performed in the host computer 32, and a surveillance person uses keyboard 46 to send the command to display the image of the location to the computer itself 44, which sends a switching control signal to a camera switcher 18 of image processing section 16. Thus, for example, even if at this time a television camera of a surveillance area other than the television camera of the surveillance area, 12-1, in which a fire has been detected, had been switched to, television camera 10-1 of surveillance area 12-1 where the fire has been recognized will be compulsorily switched to. Then pictures of the location where an abnormality has been recognized will be transferred onto the monitor display 42 via ADC 20 and frame memory 22. Of course, the switching command need not be given by the surveillance person operating keyboard 46, but may be given by sending a control signal automatically to camera switcher 18 simultaneously with the outputting of a pre-alarm, based on receipt by host computer 32 of abnormality detection information.
Next, when monitor display 42 has been switched to the abnormality location pictures by manual operation by a surveillance person or automatically, the surveillance person looks at the location pictures and if he confirms that there is a fire abnormality or a burglary abnormality, he for example performs confirmation input operation using the keyboard 46. As a result, alarm panel 34 receives an alarm command signal from the computer itself 44, and an actual alarm is issued. At the same time, in the case of a fire, a gang control signal is issued to control panel 36 to gang control smoke ducts, fire shutters and other anti-fire and anti-smoke equipment.
Again, if a burglary is detected automatic reporting to the police and/or other outside organizations is performed by an automatic notifier not shown in the illustrations.
It should be noted that the switching orders for mode switcher 24 of image processing section 16 come from host computer 32. Thus, for example, it is possible to carry out suitable mode switching by means of the timer control in the host computer 32 by dividing time into daytime and nighttime. Also it is possible to perform mode switching control by the output from either of a known fire sensor or a known intruder sensor in the monitor context. Of course mode switching can be carried out by manual operation using keyboard 46.
By providing television cameras 10-1.sup.˜ 10-n with zoom control capability, scanning mechanisms etc., processing may be performed on monitor images taken scanning surveillance areas 12-1.sup.˜ 12-n. Again, when monitor pictures are processed, if for example an abnormality is detected by pre-processing or the like, the television cameras 10-1.sup.˜ 10-n may be directionally controlled so that the abnormality is as it were centered in the center of the screen, and then zoomed-up monitor images may be taken in and image recognition processing performed.
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James Benton Higgins Jr.
Position: G-LB
Height: 6-1 Weight: 210 lbs.
Born: January 10, 1920 in Maypearl, TX
Died: June 6, 1991 in Beaumont, TX
High School: Maypearl
College: Trinity (TX)
Weighted Career AV (100-95-...): 0 (14760th overall since 1950)
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Saturday, 13 February 2010
GRAY MATTERS: Depression
Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist Saul Friedman (bio) writes the weekly Gray Matters column which appears here each Saturday. Links to past Gray Matters columns can be found here. Saul's Reflections column, in which he comments on news, politics and social issues from his perspective as one of the younger members of the greatest generation, also appears at Time Goes By twice each month.
For those of us along the East Coast, flooded by weeks of rain and buried by five feet of snow since December, this surely is our winter of discontent, or worse. Add to that the state of the economy and the stock market, and as I warned during the approaching winter after 9/11 2001, older people need to be very aware of the danger of depression.
That desire to crawl under the covers and hibernate can be more than the winter blues. I know; I had a brush with depression only because of a fall and a bump on the noggin, which laid me low for a few days and nagged at my thoughts: "Why wasn't I bouncing back faster? Will I regain my strength?
When last I wrote about depression, an unprecedented surgeon general's report on mental health in 2000 pointed out that depression, in one form or another "is strikingly prevalent among older people," too often accompanied by alcohol or drug dependence. But many older people tried to ignore their symptoms as simply a sign of age.
Coincidentally, just after my fall, Ilaina Edison, a vice-president and researcher for the superb Visiting Nurse Service of New York, the nation's leading home health care provider, told me that ten to 20 percent of older people seen by primary care physicians "have critically significant depression."
Moreover, many of these physicians, not specializing in geriatrics, don't diagnose or they under-treat depression. Edison wants home health care nurses, who know their patients best, to be able to diagnose a case of depression before it takes root.
In one of her papers, Edison says that depression "places a significant burden on the health system" and impedes a patient's ability to comply with medical treatment. The classic symptoms – sad, empty, hopeless feelings, trouble concentrating, a lack of energy, trouble sleeping, a loss of interest in what you like to do, and even vague or passing thoughts of suicide – can complicate getting better from even a routine illness.
The surgeon general's report noted that there is no need for older people to put up with depression and risk their health further because there are modern and relatively safe drugs, among other treatments. And since the report, Medicare has led the way in recognizing and paying closer to parity for the treatment of mental as well as physical illness.
However, Medicare has been slower in understanding how its regulations can become a barrier to home health care for depression which, in a sense, is the front lines for the discovery and treatment of depression. Says Edison, "Mental health status is not being addressed by hospitals when discharging a patient, even if he or she is taking an antidepressant."
When I was discharged from a fine hospital after my fall, a doctor prescribed home health care for my physical problems, including physical therapy. But no one asked after my emotional well-being.
"Another barrier," said Edison, "is the way Medicare reimburses for depression and mental health services in home health care." Medicare has been demanding a positive diagnosis before it will pay. But if a home health care nurse discovers a patient's depression, mild or severe, during a visit for other purposes, reimbursement may be complicated.
Thus she believes Medicare should allow and train the visiting nurse practitioners to diagnose depression and help guide a patient's treatment with guidance from a psychiatrist.
Medicare Part A helps pay for inpatient mental health care; Part B covers outpatient visits to mental professionals, subject to the yearly deductible ($155). For a visit with a doctor to diagnose your problem, Medicare pays 80 percent of the cost. But to get treatments, such as psychotherapy, the patient now pays 45 percent and that will decline to the parity of 20 percent in 2014.
But to return to the surgeon general's report, it recommended getting help from modern drugs that can treat and even prevent anxiety and depression. And if you feel you need something, a pre-emptive strike to get you through the winter, consult with your physician but be very careful about what you choose.
The surgeon general reported that certain widely used anti-anxiety drugs, called benzodiazepines – Ativan, Lorazepam, Librium, Valium, Xanax – are immediately effective but have been misused by many older people because they are chemically addictive over time, which means the more you take, the more you need. Some Medicare Part D drug plans are not required to provide these drugs.
These drugs are often over-prescribed and withdrawal from these drugs is likely to be difficult and could be dangerous. Similarly, sedatives and sleeping pills such as barbiturates, including Butisol, Nembutal and Seconal are highly addictive.
Less dangerous or addictive, although they take longer to work, are the anti-depressants including the granddaddy, Prozac, along with Zoloft and Paxil and other newer compounds such as Celexa, which are purged more quickly from the body and present fewer problems for older adults. These are a class of anti-depressants known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), which can prevent mild depression from getting worse.
Other new anti-depressants (SNRIs), including Cymbalta, are being advertised for more serious problems.
However, all these drugs may produce unpleasant side effects and dependency. Your physician can fit the drug to your needs – if you need drugs at all. A pet that you can care for where you live, or perhaps a trip this winter to somewhere sunny could give you the lift you need.
What we've been calling the winter blahs has been given an appropriate name, SAD, for Seasonally Affective Disorder. And if you use a computer (which can be a great help in keeping you mentally fit (I play freecell or spider solitaire to check on my mind.), you can find sources for special lamps and lighting which, according to many legitimate-sounding claims, helps brighten those dark days.
You may want to visit the Medicare website and search for "mental health care and Medicare." To learn more about the services of the Visiting Nurse Service of New York, visit their website.
Write to firstname.lastname@example.com.
Posted by Ronni Bennett at 02:30 AM | Permalink | Email this post
Thank you for your always "spot-on" commentary. My husband and I took the time to read this piece from The Atlantic last night. It's a bit off topic for your piece, today, but it has longer-range implications. Hope you take time to have a look because your thoughts are valued by all of us. There are four sections and it's very meaty.
I have three of the symptoms of depression; inability to sleep, trouble concentrating and the beginning of loss of interest in things I like to do.
It never once occurred to me that these are symptoms of depression because I do not feel depressed. I just chalked it up to being old and partially disabled.
Thanks for a wake-up call. If I begin to show other symptoms I will talk to my doctor. I believe the computer has kept me from being depressed and hope it continues to do so.
Thank you for pointing out this important issue. I have a couple of thoughts to share.
There is a prevalent notion that it's relatively easy to get off the antidepressants such as Prozac, Paxil, et al. Google it; it's not necessarily so. And it's also possible to take the same dosage of benzodiazapenes for years without needing to increase the dosage.
See http://www.newsweek.com/id/232781 for another, and very controversial, view arguing that there is no scientific evidence that antidepressants work.
Dear Saul - You just hit my nail on the head...and sorry about your fall...I am 66 and have been depressed for more than 13 years...it become debilitating psych. after my beloved Mother died at age 83 from heart disease. She was the lifeline that helped me cope with world and suddenly I had to "grow up." Despite a good husband - I needed the drugs and became addicted to casino visits where I blew away our life savings. It seems that the computer and the games etc. help but now I have once again brought us to the verge of bankruptcy. I don't know why I am writing this but I need to get it out and maybe I can begin to understand me. I take zoloft each day and it helps a little. I have seen the Psych. doctors but they don't help me...I know I need to talk to myself and try and keep my mind sharp. Thank you for letting me vent. Refuah Shlaymah from your fall.
I'm happy that you are here to help Ronni take a little time to herself. She needs that time now that her life plans are changing.
Your posts are always very interesting and usually deal with subjects that appeal to us Elders.
I am not depressed because I have my computer friends like Darlene to "Talk" to every day. If not for her and a few others, it's possible I would need help with depression,too.
Thanks for being here,Saul, and keeping us informed on matters like this that we may wonder about but never get the answers to without your help.
I read some time ago that depression could be a reactive condition that we may have inherited (genetically speaking) from our cave man/woman ancestors. In those early days when man was limited in his arsenal (sticks & stones, fire & bones) to stave off the attacks of marauding predators, sometimes the only defense was to lie silently until the danger had passed. Also, when our distant ancestors were in a weakened state due to wounds and disease they would rest quietly until they recovered. So, we might say that clinical depression could be a reaction to trauma or stress.
Saul, I too have suffered from depression but through therapy both group and solo the incidences are getting fewer and less intense - i.e. I no longer want to take myself out. I am confident that it will pass. I attribute prozac in conjunction with therapy for saving my life and am thankfully drug free today. I also believe, just my opinion, that there are serious underlying issues to depression usually rooted in childhood.
Depression can be a defence mechanism. At least it was in my case and in the case of many depressives I know.
PS And glad you are feeling better.
I have used antidepressants in conjunction with counseling with good results in the past. While the dark winters contribute to feeling isolated with oneself and one's demons these things do exist in other times of the year when it is easier to become distracted from them. I think it is always wise to consider counseling with medication.
As an aside to mary jamison and the question as to whether they really work at all: I used them and they worked so well on anxiety that I forgot to smoke cigarettes at first while on them. This later lead to me using a similar antidepressant to assist me in quitting smoking and I've been smoke fee for 12 years. I'd say that they work especially well for people who just need a steady hand up onto their feet to recenter themselves through a blue period and with counseling for chronic troubles.
Thank you, Saul, for bringing up this often misunderstood option to get us through a difficult time.
As a retired psychotherapist, I was really glad to see this topic covered today, Saul, and thank you for your personal story, too. I'm very interested in TGB reader comments about the efficacy of antidepressants (re: Newsweek article by Sharon Begley cited by Mary Jamison, above). I researched and blogged on the article recently, and the statistics offered by Kirsch, on which the article is based. His methodology hasn't always been appreciated by academics and practitioners in this country...so he's based in England, now.
The one note Begley does strike soundly in Newsweek is in pointing out that treatment for depression is greatly enhanced by combining medications with the appropriate talk therapy. The mistake I think Kirsch makes is to seem to imply that one methodology (talk) is good and the other (meds) is not.
Medicare has lost a lot of good providers for psychotherapy by dropping the rates they pay. I wonder if research like Kirsch's will have an effect on the types of treatment Medicare is willing to pay for adequately.
Great post about a serious problem.
I wasn't even close to being a senior when SAD hit me hard. Living here in the Pacific Northwest the winters can get really gloomy for lack of sunshine. I purchased one of the light boxes, an Apollo Bright Lite III, back in 1997. It has withstood the test of time and is currently helping me with a painting project. I highly recommend light therapy. Oh, and I also take Prozac. My doctor mentioned that the dose might need to be increased (he said that is common in older patients) but it's been some years and I'm doing fine with the original script. Prozac has made me a much less intense person!
A postscript:
After leaving my other comment I Googled the Apollo light box to see if it is still in production. Yes, and it is in a sixth generation. The Brite Lite 6 can be purchased at Amazon at a 24% discount - details HERE.
hmmmmm. My link didn't take.
Try this if interested:
Nance: Thanks so much for your post - I visited your blog and read your article and can only say, Thanks again.
Try perking up after days of overcast weather here in Seattle and being an oldie of nearly 90 as well.
A friend loaned me her daylight light system. I hope it works.
Adding S.A.D. (Seasonal Affective Disorder) to aging and arthritis is a tough combination. I have found that if I plan something interesting to accomplish each night before retiring that it helps. The next day I wake up with what I am going to accomplish in my mind.
Getting a massage, going to the library, practicing a skit to present to groups about Corporate Personhood,
going to Arthritis Swim Class, exercising every day, cooking something interesting every day, keeping indoor plants, emailing my friends,
practicing my violin, staying involved in all my political and other groups ---you name it, it all helps to keep in the world.
I act in non-profit videos on Credit Card Revolt, go on the comedy stage with a young improv friend, write articles for the local papers, dance anytime I get the chance and play for
the local sing-along. You name it,
I will try it and keep active doing it.
I remember being a child of 7, watching my grandmother from afar. She was shrouded in darkness, voluntarily hidden and shriveled in a corner. You'd need an ax to cut through the gloom. Today, I'm the same age as she was then. I've inherited a lot from her. I'm "artsy" on the one hand, and at the same time brazenly logical and analytical on the other. All from Grandma. I love to cook, I love the piano (can't play to save my life - but I love it anyway) - all from Grandma. But unlike grandma, I don't huddle in a corner - and I don't shroud myself in black. Also unlike Grandma, I am blessed to have been prescribed an anti-depressant that works for me.
Those of us in the "Gray Group" - the After Fifty Generation, are blessed to have available to us pharmaceutical wonders unknown not only to our grandparents - but perhaps in many cases, to our parents. I say a prayer every night for the good health of those researchers who peel away at the onion of mental anguish.
Now, if only we could peel away at the onion of mental anguish's social stigma.
Thanks for a great article. I've gone through many different antidepressants and each helped at the time, though they tend to 'wear off' (or something). Tiny note that may help someone: Effexor XR constipated me horribly; switching to Pristiq was a godsend. Don't settle for one pill if it's not working for you!!
I especially liked the comments that lauded keeping busy every day. I take an aerobics swim class 3x a week and volunteer at the local Humane Society 5x a week. The love you share comes back, and helps greatly! Very best wishes to those who struggle with bi-polar disorder and depression!
Bi-polar disorder and depression is a strong and growing reality in this mixed up society. I believe that Seniors (50 Plus) can change this trend if they become more productive, creative and useful in Society as compared to having a negative attitude, feeling hopeless and pursuing only more entitlements.
Joe Wasylyk
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text:
(plural transitivities)
- (grammar) The degree in which any one verb can take/govern objects.
- There are 3 degrees of transitivity of any one verb: intransitive, monotransitive and ditransitive.
- (mathematics) The property of being .
- The hypothetical syllogism inference rule states the transitivity of implication.
Variant of transitive
- Rare of, showing, or characterized by transition; transitional
- Gram. expressing an action thought of as passing over to and having an effect on some person or thing; taking a direct object: said of certain verbs
- Math. designating a relation having the property that, whenever a first element bears a particular relation to a second that in turn bears this same relation to a third, the first element bears this relation to the third: identity and equality are transitive relations
Origin of transitiveLate Latin transitivus ; from Classical Latin transitus: see transit
a transitive verb
Related Forms:
- transitively
- transitiveness
nounor transitivity


text:
I Admire Nurses
Personal Stories, Advice, and Support 1,174 People
Out Of Her Way With KindnessThis is a story about my favorite experience with a nurse.I had to have a fairly major surgery on my left knee, and having endured Anesthesia Awareness two surgeries before, I was understandably nervous. When I got into the pre-op area, I was introduced to my nurse, a very sweet...
Pebbles1982 26-30, F 2 Responses 2 Aug 31, 2012
Night ShiftHeaded to the nursing home in a few hours to make my night shift. Wish me luck! Hope tonight's a quiet night! 🏥
veronicaspark 31-35, F 1 Nov 13, 2013
Do I Admire Mom?Everyone told my mother as she was about to take the State Board test . Your baby should be a nurse too. She was expecting me. my Mom has retired and gone back and worked another 10 years since she retired she has been a nurse all my life and my oldest sister is a nurse too she...
Babeondwy 41-45, F 2 Responses 2 Oct 3, 2011
Those I have met have always been openand caring but I do think that the NHS mucks them about and the imposition of heavy management structures is not suitable for a caring profession.Heath care is not a business to make money It is an expression of social love and support.
Wulfstan 70+, M 0 Mar 17
How does my toe look?Is it looking infected? I lost my toe nail last Saturday...
Smurfette1 18-21, F 8 Responses 3 Jul 13, 2014
The nurse putting my IV in wasso skilled at it I barely felt it, I made sure to thank her for treating me and all her patients so well. There's not many jobs I feel get as under appreciated as nurse, sometimes they truly make a difference.
Siobhan420 18-21, F 4 Responses 9 Jun 9
I'm Proud To Be A NurseWell it just so happens that I am a nurse! I qualified this time last year and its been both amazing and terrifying at the same time. It would be fair to say that nurses have an enormous amount of responsibility with very little authority, at least in my experience. My residents...
Lilacpearl 31-35, F 1 Response 1 Sep 15, 2013
Nurses Took Care Of My Penis, TooThis shows how my nurses skillfully handled a tangential matter during my recent hospital stay. I was in the hospital for a pulmonary embolism and I'm crippled by a bad back, so I needed help urinating into bedside bottles. Complicating matters, as I scooted to the side of...
ToyPhallus 61-65, M 1 Response 1 Aug 21, 2012
Nurses...I admire them so much, I became one. I just took my state boards a few hours ago and pray that my dream has finally come true and I will be the nurse I have always wanted to be! For all those other aspiring nurses, keep your head up!
Runin4rmfate 26-30, F 6 Responses 2 Dec 29, 2011
After A Long Battle With The Education System, I Have To Give Up My Dream Of Being A NurseNursing studies in Calgary, Canada, Alberta: Racism Behind Closed Doors Approximately 12 years ago, my family and I immigrated to Canada with hopes of a better future. The quiet, serene landscapes of the country took my breath away. I remember the 17 year old girl I was...
shaandar 31-35, F 4 Responses 1 Apr 16, 2013
Nurses are my favorite persons in the world.Nurses and musicians!
Clothed 41-45, M 1 Response 2 Jun 21, 2014
the surgeons get most of the creditfor what they did in helping to remove my tumor, but the nurses were the ones i saw the most and who gave me the inspiration and will to go on. it really was a wonderful team of people that helped me and i can't thank them enough
trailsonrails 51-55, M 1 Response 3 Feb 28
Any OR nurses here? What are the prosand cons of OR nursing and is there anything you can share?
yensies 22-25, F 2 Responses 0 Oct 29, 2014
Nurses Are Wonderful!I have long admired nurses since I was little. Part of it has to do with the fact that I was a preemie, and had to be taken care of by nurses. Later on, I worked in the hospital as a teenager, and working with nurses gave me even greater respect for them. Any time I hear someone...
Pebbles1982 26-30, F 1 Response 2 Aug 31, 2012
Nurses Are Angels!As a physician, I want to personally thank every nurse out there for their hard work and dedication. You are my eyes, ears, and my hands in the frontline of taking care of the patients. Our jobs are so much easier because of the work you do. I also want to apologize for those of...
doogie3232 31-35, M 8 Responses 7 Nov 14, 2011
A Nurse most be the loving caring people onearth.. To put up with so much BS from that patient to family members . There hard work and dedication in saving lives should be appreciated !!! God Bless!!
MasterofSpankings 46-50, M 2 Responses 10 Apr 10, 2014
Yes ...I admire nurses.Most work long hours and are very under appreciated people. God bless you for what you do, it's very important..... Thank you to all the nurses out there !!!
johnny048 46-50, M 3 Responses 9 Jul 13, 2014
I Am A Hospice RnWhen there's age in your eyes & you have little or no hair, When time is no longer on your side & your at the cross road my friend, when your eyes no longer see, I will be your expression that you need. I am the sun when your cold, the shade when your warm, the water when your...
LadyGeorgiaBulldog 36-40, F 9 Responses 8 Nov 5, 2011
Hospice NurseWhen there's age in your eyes & you have little or no hair, When time is no longer on your side & your at the cross road my friend, when your eyes no longer see, I will be your expression that you need. I am the sun when your cold, the shade when your warm, the water when your...
GreatDanzrule13 36-40, F 1 Jan 26, 2013
this month I'll be going to cna school ill bedone July 30th then I can start lpn school in september which will take 1 year but I wanna start my path as a rn fast which can take 2-4 year's more do they have a lpn to rn program that takes 1 year ??? I hate wasted time im a odd person I really love helping ppl which is why...
skykidx1 22-25, M 1 Response 1 May 2
I have a thing for nurses..something about saving lives and scrubs is a turn on lol! Any nurses on here?
jakekendall1988 22-25, M 1 Dec 31, 2014
I admire nurses, I think what they do isamazing. I always wanted to be a nurse, but I know I'm too stupid for that. So I will just admire them from afar.
NYSlilAngel 26-30, F 3 Responses 2 Apr 4, 2014
these are truly wonderful peopleboth women and men.doing what they do to aid the people that need their help when they truly need to be taken care of at a time of anguish.I have a very special E.P. female friend who is a nurse and I like to dedicated this song to her and let her know I think she is truly a...
AfanOfbigNaturals 46-50, M 1 Jan 18
Hell yea...I have seen nurses get verballyabused by doctors. Please...without nurses, doctors got nothing.
1naughtiesfriend 31-35, M 5 Responses 5 Aug 1, 2014
Im In School To Be A Nursenurses are kinder than a lot of doctors ive encountered. ive always wanted to be a nurse, and when i become one, ill be the most compassionate one ever because i have so much empathy for people i wish i could make every1 feel better. my heart turns to mush when i see people cry...
siciliana88 18-21, F 3 Responses 1 Apr 19, 2010
This is for a very hard working nursewho works in a hospital in New Orleans. What you do for those you care for is angelic in nature.You're heavenly sent to be the wonderful nurse you truly have become.When the stress of doing all that you must do makes you feel down and out.From me to you,take a deep breath in and...
AfanOfbigNaturals 46-50, M 1 Response 1 Mar 18
Hardworking. Diligent.Absorbed. Empathetic. Nurses are essential, undervalued and fundamental.
aoutdouze 22-25, F 2 Responses 3 Jan 8, 2014
Nurses Are Guardian AngelsAs a Chaplain, working along side the nursing staff at a large hospital , I want to personally thank every nurse out there for their hard work and dedication. You are my eyes, ears, and my hands in the front-line as a caretaker of the patients. My job is so much easier because of...
WilliamC 61-65, M 1 Response 2 Nov 23, 2011
The Nurses Deserved ThisI went into hospital last year to have my eyes fixed by cataract surgury. I was short sighted & had been refused laser surgury. I had had the first eye done a month earlier. While I was waiting for may turn the nurses were putting drops in my eye to dilate the pupil & help with...
kopparberg40 41-45, M 1 Response 0 Aug 1, 2013
Nurses are like living Angels,well the good ones are like that. They work long hours, to care for the sick and sometimes they become very under appreciated. Well I know one one this site, she is a hard working amazing nurse.As hard as it gets. do not let the stress of being a nurse bring you down.Stand tall...
AfanOfbigNaturals 46-50, M 3 Feb 28
Ever Work Night Shift?Just got home from work. Been up all night and now I can't sleep! This ever happen to anyone else?
veronicaspark 31-35, F 3 Responses 0 Nov 14, 2013
Best Verbal Rx Women Can Give MenBest Verbal Rx Women Can Give Men I Squared My Shoulders And Commenced A Verbal Counter-Attack Which She Immediately Defused! Here in Canada we have the Victorian Order of Nurses who do home visits when we are really sick--they dress as civilians but have to wear two pieces of...
harvard2 61-65, M 0 Aug 26, 2013
Cotton1234567890 31-35, F 2 Responses 2 Oct 17, 2014
SurgeryYesterday, I had my first outpatient surgery. I am still recovering and the experience was not too bad. One thing I really appreciated was how very exciting and kind the nurses were. The anesthesia nurse was very sexy. She was very cute as well. One of the nurses put some...
hollywoodlegs 56-60, M 0 Jun 5, 2013
I am in school to become a registered nurse!(: So excited!
ModifiedMamaofTwo 18-21, F 1 Response 2 Dec 2, 2014
My one and only dreamfor what to have done with my life is to become a nurse. I've just entered nursing school and have an estimated graduation date of Dec 2016 and I'm so excited. It's just gonna cost a lot of money and I'm working two jobs and going through the things I need to do to try to make...
aprylhouston 18-21 3 Responses 2 Jan 2, 2014
Nurses.When I was about 6 or 7 I was in hospital for nearly a year, I had a cyst on my brain, and had hydrocelphalus, (fluid on the brain), the nurses were fantastic, helping me get better, that was many years ago now, but I'm so greatful for them.
creativegoth 51-55, M 1 Feb 28, 2012
I admire nurses in all areas of the nursingprofession. I am a nurse, with a masters degree, and work in the mental health profession. I started off as a floor LPN, 23 years ago, but moved to psych nursing 15 years ago.
momathercomputer 46-50, F 12 Responses 23 Jun 2, 2014
I Really DoI had a long, intimate relationship with a nurse (actually my wife#1) from her schooling until our divorce seven years later and now I am in a relationship with another nurse. From what I have seen and heard from these wonderful women and seen and heard from the nurses I have...
CFOM 66-70, M 5 Responses 4 Jul 16, 2012
Nurses Are Rocks!My dream all my life was to become a nurse. My hero was Florence Nightingale, I read a story about her as a young woman and that only strengthened my desire to become a nurse. I thought the things she did to help people during her life and during the war were very rewarding and...
bluetatoo19712000 36-40, F 2 Mar 14, 2012
I'm Not Ashamed!I recently shared a story here about how proud I am to be a nurse. Well tonight I have had an argument with my husband about my role as a nurse because he thinks that my job involves little more than in his words "cleaning up ****" he "can't believe that I spent 3 years training...
Lilacpearl 31-35, F 5 Responses 1 Sep 17, 2013
Serendipity, MaybeReally respect and appreciate the bedside nurse....She/He has your best interest at heart and will be your advocate when you no longer have fighting power or family left with you...Nurses sometime break rules to get you adequate care, puts her/his license on the line because...
loulan 36-40, F 3 Responses 5 Jul 13, 2012
Nurses R The Nicest People!Nurses are Nice women! They care for u, tend to u, comfort u, and whatever else they do for u. Had I been born a girl, like I was supposed to, I'd b a Night Nurse myself.
WhiteLegoNinja 13-15, F 3 Responses 0 Mar 20, 2013
Related Experiences
Especially ones who play with their kids..and not jus buy toys so they can jus entertain themselves...still a child at heart so i got that part unlocked ^_^
apperentlyicanthavemynameagain 18-21, F 0 1 hr ago
My grandmother was, my mother is. I've been told I am. This is my premier role. I love my children with all my heart. I want to see them grown into healthy, high functioning adults...
MsInvis 46-50, F 1 Response 1 3 hrs ago
Calm after hurt. Calm after shamed. No vengeful urges Able to move forward. Able to get over past pain. Me admires those who can. Me cant. And suffers almost...
Converted 46-50, M 1 Response 4 1 day ago


text:
Egyptian Journalists Detained for Sit-in
By Mohammad Baali
Albawaba.com – Cairo
Egypt's prosecutor general decided Monday to detain two journalists working for the scandal-haunted Al Nabaa tabloid, charging them with inciting riots and expressing contempt for religion.
The detainees include the son of the banned newspaper's editor in chief, Mamdouh Mahran, whose decision to run a story on an alleged monk's sexual antics sparked riots and lawsuits from Egypt's Coptic Christian minority this summer.
The detainees will reportedly be in custody for four days.
The decision follows a Monday sit-in organized by dozens of Al Nabaa journalists at the Press Association headquarters, where they demanded a chance to register with the union.
The journalists condemned the closure of their newspaper and called the government decision prejudiced in favor of the Copts.
The association's secretary general, Yahya Klash, told Albawaba.com that the journalists got rowdy when the association officials refused to accept their registration documents.
The police were called in, and clashes erupted between the two sides, leading to the arrests of two journalists, said Klash.
The Cairo-based Al Nabaa tabloid apparently was banned for publishing an article that graphically described how an alleged monk supposedly ran a sex-and-blackmail ring out of a monastery. Young Copts in Cairo and Upper Egypt rioted after reading the article.
Apparently reacting to their outrage, the government charged Mahran with undermining the national security and inciting sectarian divisions. He was subsequently expelled from the Egyptian Press Association and the tabloid's distribution was barred.


text:
Miami Heat DJ Irie Plays Happening Host for the Holidays
John Hood | Posted 02.19.2012 | Miami
Read More: Miami Heat, Ludus, Miami Dolphins, Reggie Bush, DJ Irie, Irie Foundation, Jamie Foxx, Miami Around Town, Miami News
There's nothing like a traffic jam to point to the fact that a bash is gonna be packed. When the four lanes of traffic is backed up for blocks in both directions and the host is Miami Heat DJ Irie, packed is only half the given.
The quiz shows how much you accept six types of love: Eros, Pragma, Banquet, Mania, Ludus and Storge. Yes, they sound like exotic birds or rivers in G...


text:
Originally written on BlackSportsOnline | Last updated 1/24/13
On December 10th the Baltimore Ravens broke up with their former offensive coordinator Cam Cameron. The final straw for the Ravens organization was losing 31-28 to the Washington Redskins. The Ravens were barely squeezing out wins. Joe Flacco was playing like Joe Fluke-O and concerns started to surface regarding his consistency and effectiveness. Not to mention, fans were not to pleased with the way Ray Rice was being used on offense. Then shortly afterwards, Jim Cardwell was introduced to the Baltimore Ravens. Their offense still shows signs of being inconsistent at times, while their aging defense has reemerged. You want Ray Rice to be effective but running constantly on first down is not the way to go. In a recent New York Times story, Cameron admits he knew his demise was near and even felt John Harbaugh was justified in firing him. "It was a brilliant move. Everyone on the team took a look in the mirror after that.We were inconsistent, and if I'm in charge, I'm saying: Why are we inconsistent? We need to get the team's attention." Now there is a difference between understanding a move and condoning it, let alone outright praising it, and Cam Cameron seems to be effected by all the above. I'm sure an opening will come his way soon. Cam Cameron was never a bad offensive coordinator, but the Ravens felt it was time for a change. Glad to see he left with class and isn't bitter. Cameron interviewed for the New York Jets' offensive coordinator position but didn't get the job, however he feels certain that he will coach again in the NFL.
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text:
Madeira Sauce Recipe
"A good base lightly flavored with Madeira will produce one of the greatest of all sauces." Raymond Sokolov, The Saucier's Apprentice
The history of Madeira wine goes back to 1418 and the wine initially was not fortified. It was ordinary wine that was a favorite of George Washington who was believed to have drank a pint of it daily.
This classic Madeira sauce recipe goes well with beef, chicken, chops or veal.
- 3 tablespoons finely chopped shallots
- 1 oz. Butter (1/4 stick)
- 1/2 pound white or crimini mushrooms, sliced (optional)
- 1/2 teaspoon. cracked peppercorn
- 1 bay leaf
- 1 sprig fresh thyme (1/4 tsp. dried)
- 1/4 cup red wine
- 3/4 cup Madeira wine
- 1 cup Demi-Glace
- 1/4 cup heavy cream (optional)
In a medium sized saucepan, sauté shallots in butter for 1-2 minutes or until translucent. Add mushrooms and cook until mushrooms are tender. (approx. 3 minutes). Remove mushrooms and set aside.
Add peppercorns, thyme, and bay leaf and cook 30 seconds. Add red wine and reduce by half. Add Madeira wine and bring to boil.
Add Demi-Glace and whisk until incorporated into the sauce. Return mushrooms to pan and add heavy cream and reduce briefly.
Serve over beef, veal, pork, chicken or other grilled or roasted meats. The heavy cream is strictly optional and gives the sauce a richer color and flavor.


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will the fingers curl into the body of the ball? Viewing the pictures from the game whereas those players with the ball in the mits doesn't show the fingers curling into the ball - not worthy query?
Forum Post: The balls are inflated at the lowest psi allowable said Belichick!!
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Forum Post: Bring on the Cowboys
Posted 10/11/2011 04:37:29 EDT
This is A-1! I made this my screensaver. Thanks! Go Patriots! more »
Forum Post: ESPN's Disappearing/Reappearing Pats Highlights.
Posted 10/11/2011 11:36:57 EDT
ESPN-Geez and I thought I was seeing things but You Are Right! Now, the NFL Network pulled a quickie: NFL Gameday Highlights-They showed the game clips, then Rich said, "let's start with the Jets "Fir more »
Forum Post: T Tom Terrific Named #1 Greatest Football Player...
Posted 09/07/2011 11:07:49 EDT
out of 100 on NFLNetwork last night which the rating was done by active players; his recap was done by Ravens' Ray Lewis and Jets' Revis. Am I late with this, has it shown before? But I thought it was more »
Forum Post: 1977 was a very good year...
Posted 08/03/2011 01:34:51 EDT
and so was August 3rd.HAPPY BIRTHDAY, TOM BRADY!HAPPY BIRTHDAY, TO YOU! more »
Forum Post: Big Ben
Posted 02/07/2011 03:13:31 EST
Hey, I'm just glad for the parents and kids sigh of relief that he wasn't the one stating: "I'm going to Disney World!"... more »
Forum Post: Super Bowl predictions
Posted 01/26/2011 02:47:39 EST
PACKERS more »
Forum Post: Does anyone Else Feel this way about Next Season??
Posted 01/21/2011 02:41:43 EST
In Response to Re: Does anyone Else Feel this way about Next Season??: Let the panic begin! Just like the start of the season this year when everyone wanted to fire BB. It's a young team. It's darn n more »
Forum Post: Manning & Brady era over???
Posted 01/20/2011 11:23:40 EST
In Response to Re: Manning & Brady era over???: Joe Montana won 2 SBs. Then lost 3 straight playoffs before winning next two Super Bowls. Tom Brady's career is like an image of Joe's career. Hmm... more »
Forum Post: Patriot Fans from far away.
Posted 01/14/2011 02:40:29 EST
Born and raised in Monroe, LA; have lived in Chicago since 1983; have only been a sports fan of the "Bears" until they got rid of McMahon and That's IT Chicago sports-wise. I had Joe Montana/49ers, Sh more »
Forum Post: If You Had one Wish for Sunday....
Posted 01/13/2011 04:47:51 EST
that I go to bed and wake up Monday and the Patriots are still scoring touchtowns. more »
Forum Post: My son Tommy is a finalist to represent all Patriots Fans. Please Vote and defeat Steeler Nation.
Posted 01/06/2011 04:56:45 EST
Oh yeah, the muchkin got my vote -too adorable. more »
Forum Post: Most underrated Pats player, Vollmer
Posted 01/06/2011 04:22:29 EST
BBReigns - I just want to say that I Love You! I Love to See What You Are Going To Say! Re: Most underrated Pats player, Vollmer posted at 1/6/2011 4:17 PM EST www.boston.com/community/persona.html more »
Forum Post: Ochocinco might be out of Cincy
Posted 01/06/2011 04:03:54 EST
Ouch in New England - No Thank You! more »
Forum Post: Rex disses Brady
Posted 01/06/2011 03:52:14 EST
Oh yeah, Jaba's got a lot to be pissed about: BB is up for Coach of the Year and guess who isn't and Brady was named December's AFC Offensive Player and guess who wasn't? Rex Ryan opens mouth, insert more »
Forum Post: Nice Video of Pats 2010 season (so far)!
Posted 01/05/2011 04:23:29 EST
I live in Chicago, drinking all the Patriots news I can glean from espn and the nfl network but THIS VIDEO has me in tears, wiping and sniffing- had to blow my nose - raptor64d: this is awesome - Than more »
Forum Post: How Would You Beat the Pats?
Posted 12/14/2010 11:00:42 EST
Switch to Basketball - I Hate Fantasy! more »
Forum Post: Brady-Always Looking For The Flag!
Posted 10/20/2010 01:06:18 EDT
I'd say Q in License to Kill sez it best: "Look, don't judge him too harshly...field operatives often use every means at their disposal to achieve their objectives."
Forum Post: NFL to suspend players for helmet to helmet hits
Posted 10/19/2010 01:24:25 EDT
The NFL really shouldn't suspend those that brought them to see why they are coming to this all-out conclusion. It would not be fair for if there is re-schooling required, allow the effort to take pla more »
Posted 10/19/2010 12:32:16 EDT
OK, here's my two cents: 1 cent-True, if the player has already been corralled and even in this case, by an even bigger teammate than Merriweather, then Merriweather need not come in so maliciously. 2 more »
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We often see early Mustangs in bright red, mostly because it looks so right. Combined with a black convertible top and a burly 351... More
We sell a whole lot of Tri-Five Chevys like this pretty 1955 Chevrolet Bel Air hardtop. Why? Because their classic looks never go out... More
For you guys who have been looking at hot rod books for decades, this slick little 1932 Ford roadster might look a little familiar.... More
It's a shame that cars like this cool 1967 Dodge Charger live in the shadows of their second-generation siblings, because these sleek fastbacks have... More
This Mercedes-Benz 560SL is a high-profile, fully loaded roadster that still delivers famous luxury and performance, even 30 years later. These cars were built... More
In 1970, the Dodge Coronet/Super Bee twins got an all-new look, and the horsepower was still as strong as ever. This cool 1970 Dodge... More
The Eleanor Mustangs, which you've surely heard of by now, have become a legitimate cultural phenomenon. And while there are plenty of early Eleanor... More
For those of you wondering what, exactly, this 1993 Panoz Roadster is, we'll give you a brief history lesson. Don Panoz was instrumental in... More
There are those who say that interest in pre-war cars is waning, but this 1930 Model A will always have a ready, willing, and... More
What you're seeing here is the baddest machine Mercedes-Benz was building in 2005 at a shockingly affordable price. With a twin-turbo V12, sinister black... More
I suppose you could call this gorgeous 1957 Ford Fairlane convertible a resto-mod, since it's powered by a later 302 cubic inch V8, but... More
This attractive 1968 Mustang convertible is one of those cars where there's not a single component that hasn't been restored, modified, or tweaked to... More
Beautifully built and finished, this 1957 Chevy Bel Air hardtop is ready for a summer of cruise nights, Sunday afternoon shows, and a lifetime... More
Now THIS is an awesome find! Quite likely the lowest-priced Chevy you could buy in 1957, this 150 4-door sedan is an incredible 30,000-mile... More
With today's focus on ''crossovers'' and ''mini-utes,'' it's easy to forget what a real man's 4x4 should look like. This 1985 Chevy K5 Blazer,... More
Not all Cobra replicas are created equal. Take, for example, this Contemporary Cobra, which is widely regarded as one of the most accurate Cobra... More
With VW Beetles becoming legitimate collectors' items, you're seeing more and more quality Bugs coming out of hiding, cars just like this 1978 Volkswagen... More
Custom-built for off-road fun, this 1977 Ford Bronco brings all the right hardware to the party. V8 power, a hugely competent suspension setup, and... More
The true measure of great cars is their long-term value to collectors. This 1996 Chevrolet Impala SS was special when it was new, but... More
If America's favorite off-roader is the Jeep, then Japan's is the Toyota FJ. But this Japanese-American hybrid 1970 Land Cruiser successfully crosses the Pacific... More
You already know we love the El Camino and its ideal combination of performance, good looks, and practicality, and this 1968 Chevrolet El Camino... More
This 1979 Jeep Wagoneer is the original go-anywhere station wagon. We take SUVs for granted today, but in the 1970s, if you wanted a... More
In terms of bang for your buck, cars like this ultra-clean black-on-black 2001 Chevrolet Camaro Z/28 are pretty hard to top. LS1 power, totally... More
Stuffing a big block V8 into just about anything is guaranteed to make for an entertaining ride, but when it's a 1969 Camaro and... More
Around the Streetside showroom, we hear a lot of conversations, and those we hear about this 1968 Camaro lead us to believe that it... More
Think the replica business is a new development? Guess again! This neat little Bugatti replica dates to the 1970s and uses a sturdy and... More
Purists, this may not be your cup of tea, but if you're a guy who loves the old-school Corvette look with all the modern... More
You could probably call this 1968 Chevrolet Chevelle Malibu a sleeper, thanks to its low-profile paint, minimal flash, and big, honking stroker motor under... More
Descended from greatness, this 1972 Plymouth Road Runner means affordable muscle, complete with a strong-running small block and an awesome Mopar horsepower look. Extensively... More
Is it just me or are Oldsmobiles getting more popular? We can't seem to keep cars like this 1964 Oldsmobile F85 hardtop in stock.... More


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AJ LeeApril Jeanette Mendez
- Birthdate: 3/19/1987 (age 28)
- Height: 5'2"
- Weight: 115 Ib
AJ Lee is a self-professed "nerd", as she loves...
Following the bout, Brie declared in a Tout message that she will defeat AJ this Sunday at Hell in a Cell: "What you just saw here at Raw is exactly what I'm going to do to AJ Lee this Sunday Hell in a Cell. And once again, that Bella Buster is going to take her down and I will become the new Divas Champion because AJ Lee isn't the only who has passion for that title. Brie Bella does as well."
As for Nikki, she remarked on Twitter about her first match since June 3 with the following: "I'm cleared and it feels oh SO good to be back in that ring! Besos! Nikki #BellaTwins #TwinMagic #RAW #Twinning."


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Astros pull yet another Houdini act
Game 4 was another warped thriller in favor of the Astros, who are one win from their first World Series, writes Jayson Stark.
Originally Published: October 16, 2005By Jayson Stark | ESPN.com
HOUSTON -- How do they win these games? How are they winning this series? How can the Houston Astros possibly be one win away from finally escaping the dreaded Teams That Have Never Played In The World Series Club?
They won another one of their classic Games That Couldn't Be Won on Sunday -- a 2-1 Houdini special over a team from St. Louis that still isn't too sure what is happening.
They won it by surviving a terrifying ninth inning that had a limp Craig Biggio saying afterward: ...
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Updated 06/11/2013
This Printers Row restaurant has sandstone walls, cozy leather booths, and picture windows—it's a handsome but not overly masculine setting that mirrors the food. You can get a mean burger, of course, but adventurous diners should try the sea scallop and veal sweetbread or roasted farm chicken with buttermilk gnocchi. For a more casual evening, saddle up at the bar to pair signature cocktails with savory small plates like chicken-liver pate and oysters on the half shell.
500 S. Dearborn St., Chicago, Illinois, 60605, United States
Website: www.customhouse.cc
Restaurant Details:
Updated 06/11/2013
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Dr. Mark Greskovich specializes in oral and maxillofacial surgery in Pensacola, Florida.
Dr. Mark Greskovich has been compared 129 times. Details of Dr. Greskovich's experience as an DMD are available on your free dentist report.
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4850 N 9th Ave
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Pensacola, FL 32503
Neighborhood: Southeast Pensacola
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Posted on 23 October 2013
- 12:37
The central midfielder, a regular for our successful Under-18s side, looks set to be part of the Slovakia team to take on the tournament hosts in Abu Dhabi in a must-win clash later.
Neither side have yet won in Group A – Filip played the full game as his nation lost 6-1 to Brazil in last Thursday's opener, before again featuring for the entirety on Sunday as Slovakia recovered from a 1-0 half-time deficit to draw 2-2 against Honduras.
But Slovakia know a win today will give them a chance of qualifying for the latter stages of the tournament, depending on other results.
Brazil have already secured their passage to the next stage through Group A, while Italy have qualified for the Round of 16 through Group B.
We wish Filip well ahead of the match.
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The Ashburry at Chenal in Little Rock, AR
The Ashburry at Chenal Apartments offer 1, 2 and 3 bedroom apartment homes for rent in Little Rock, Arkansas. Our apartment rental units have central heat/air conditioning, washer/dryer connections and deluxe kitchens. Pets are accepted in our rental homes. Community features include clubhouse, pool, business center and library. We are located near Colony West Shopping Center, I-430 and within 15 minutes of Downtown Little Rock.Check Availability
The Ashburry at Chenal16401 Chenal Valley Dr, Little Rock, AR 72223 USA
Floor Plans and Pricing
1 Bedroom
|One Bedroom
|1 Bathroom
|750 Sq. Ft.
1 Bedroom 1 Bathroom Apartment Home for Rent in Little Rock, AR
2 Bedrooms
|Two Bedroom
|2 Bathrooms
|1050 Sq. Ft.
2 Bedroom 2 Bathroom Apartment Home for Rent in Little Rock, AR
3 Bedrooms
|Three Bed
|2 Bathrooms
|1250 Sq. Ft.
3 Bedroom 2 Bathroom Apartment Home for Rent in Little Rock, AR
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- Application Fee:
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- Deposit:
Property Features
- Property Overview
- Special Features
- Community Features
- Apartment Amenities
- Pet Policy
The Ashburry at Chenal in Little Rock, AR
In the quiet country setting of Chenal Valley lays The Ashburry at Chenal, a gated community located near Pleasant Valley Country Club, Market Street Plaza Shopping Center and Chenal Valley Animal Hospital. We offer spacious one, two and three bedroom apartment homes with wooded and poolside views, washer and dryer connections, walk-in closets, garden tubs, private patio/balcony with extra storage, refrigerator with icemaker, dishwasher and garbage disposal. Vaulted ceilings and fireplaces are available on third floor apartment homes only. Microwaves are available upon request. Handicap accessible apartment rental are also available in our apartment community. Your pets are allowed in our apartment rental homes and we even offer a dog walking service for you! At The Ashburry at Chenal we have everything that your busy lifestyle requires including detached garages, clubhouse for relaxing and socializing, 24-hour fitness center with personal trainer and free weights, sauna, sparkling swimming pool, complimentary tanning, continental breakfast, package receiving, wireless internet café with daily coffee bar, library with DVD and book collection, monthly resident socials and a business center. On-site management and maintenance is ready to assist you with any problems, questions, or concerns you may have. Ask us about our resident referral program and are preferred employer program! Call today and find out why the Ashburry at Chenal is the perfect place for you!
Special Features
- Central Heat and Air Conditioning
- Washer and Dryer Hook-Ups
- Dishwasher, Disposal, Refrigerator Included
- Pet Friendly Apartments
- Private Patio or Balcony w/ Pool & Wooded Views
- Swimming Pool, Sundeck, Tanning Bed
- Detached Garage w/Remote
- Fitness Center with Personal Trainer, Sauna
- Units Accessible to Persons w/ Disabilities
- Walk In Closets, Vaulted Ceilings, Extra Storage
- Gated Community Controlled Access Gates
- Internet Cafe, Library, Business Center
Community Features
- Accepts Credit Card Payments
- Accepts Electronic Payments
- Apartment
- Business Center Onsite
- Club House
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- Courtyard
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- Door Attendant
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Apartment Amenities
- Air Conditioning
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- Cable or Satellite
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- Dishwasher
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Pets are Welcome with a $250 Non Refundable Pet Fee. Up to 3 Pets Per Home. Breed Restrictions Apply- Please Call for More Details.
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Contact The Ashburry at Chenal
The Ashburry at Chenal
Office HoursMonday - Friday 8:30 am - 5:30 pm Saturday 10:00am - 5:00pm Sunday 1:00pm - 5:00pm
The Ashburry at Chenal is less than ten minutes from Financial Center Parkway and Bowman Road, but a world away from noise and congestion. Take Chenal Parkway West to Rahling Road. Turn right, go 1/2 mile and turn left on Chenal Valley Drive to our entrance.
Nearby Suggested Apartments
Carrington Park ApartmentsLittle Rock, ARONLINE LEASING NOW AVAILABLE Carrington Park in Little ...
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38 year old woman | Dallas, TX, USA | Seeking men 31-42 within 250 miles
Please make me laugh!
I love to laugh. If you can make me laugh out loud we are sure to get along. I am NICU nurse and my job can be intense so when I am off, I like to relax and have fun. My favorite thing to do is travel ( my most favorite places so far are Israel and New Zealand), but unfortunately I can't do that every day, so I fill my time with friends and family. I enjoy going to the movies, the theatre, bars on occasion, and out for dinner and drinks. I look forward to girls night out, even if it is a night in. I love to sit with a cup of coffee and read a good book in the mornings when I am home, that is a very happy place for me! I enjoy my job and am lucky to be one of those people that actually enjoys going to work most of the time. I enjoy my time off even more. I am close with my family and am so happy that we all live in the area. We try to get together at least every week or two, usually over a delicious dinner cooked by mom. I am definitely looking for an easy-going, funny guy that can keep me on my toes. Sarcasm and one-liners are a plus. Of course, as most people do, I also appreciate honesty and good communication skills.
Book club , Coffee and conversation , Dining out , Movies/Videos , Museums and art , Music and concerts , Exploring new areas , Nightclubs/Dancing , Shopping/Antiques , Travel/Sightseeing , Volunteering , Wine tasting
Other types of exercise, Swimming, Walking / Hiking, Weights / Machines
I exercise 3-4 times per week.
I like Dogs
Middle of the Road
I wouldn't say I have a "favorite" hot spot, but I like to try new places to eat and love a good happy hour. As far as traveling, I can't get enough of it! Some of my favorite places are Israel, Australia and New Zealand, and San Francisco
My favorite thing to do is travel, but since I live in the real world and have to work, I would say being with my friends and family doing just about anything. I love to have a glass of wine and good conversation, either on a patio or at home.
I enjoy going to the movies, trying new restaurants, and trying new things. I'm usually willing to try something if someone I'm friends with wants to do it. I will say bungee jumping is not one of those things!
The Dovekeepers by Alice Hoffman. It is a fantastic historical fiction book about the Jews that were on Masada as the armies of Romans were taking over. It is beautifully written book about 4 women and their journeys. I am now reading a little fluff!
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
|What she is looking for
|5'0" (152cms)
|3'0" (91cms) to 8'11" (271cms)
|Body type:
|A few extra pounds
|About average, Athletic and toned, Heavyset, A few extra pounds
|No preference
|Dark brown
|No preference
|No Way
|No Way, Occasionally
|Social Drinker
|Social Drinker, Moderately
|Medical / Dental / Veterinary / Fitness
|No preference
I am a registered nurse in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Love it!
|I'll tell you later
|No preference
|Never Married
|Never Married, Widow / Widower, Divorced
|Have kids:
|Yes, and they sometimes live at home, No
|Wants kids:
|White / Caucasian
|No preference
|Jewish, Spiritual but not religious
|Bachelors degree
|High school, Some college, Associates degree, Bachelors degree, Graduate degree, PhD / Post Doctoral


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After Hours Blog > Where & When Picks
Where & When: What to Do Tonight
Get inside the mind of an art critic or catch a pop singer in concert
Tyler Hilton has gone from being a fan of Elvis Presley to playing him onscreen in Walk the Line to releasing his own album and headlining a tour. Catch his show tonight at Jammin' Java; he's playing with Josiah Leming and Dion Roy. 7 PM. Purchase tickets ($15) here.
Claudia DeMonte is an artist, feminist, and former model. That triple threat results in sculptures that explore the status of women across the world. A retrospective of her work, "Everyday Matters," is on display starting today at the American University Museum at the Katzen Arts Center. Free.
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