text:
Press release from Business Wire
Omega Announces Completion of Tender Offer for 7% Senior Notes Due 2014 and Redemption of Remaining Untendered Notes
Wednesday, December 08, 2010
Omega Announces Completion of Tender Offer for 7% Senior Notes Due 2014 and Redemption of Remaining Untendered Notes11:30 EST Wednesday, December 08, 2010 HUNT VALLEY, Md. (Business Wire) -- Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc. (NYSE:OHI) announced today the completion of its previously announced cash tender offer with respect to its outstanding $310 million principal amount of 7% Senior Notes due 2014, or the 2014 Notes. The tender offer expired at 8:00 a.m., New York City time, on December 8, 2010. Based on the final tabulation provided by D.F. King & Co., Inc., the depositary and information agent for the tender offer, the aggregate principal amount of 2014 Notes that were validly tendered and not validly withdrawn prior to expiration was $264.7 million, including the 2014 Notes previously tendered and accepted for payment in connection with consent solicitation completed as of November 23, 2010. Omega has accepted for purchase all 2014 Notes validly tendered and not validly withdrawn prior to expiration. Omega also announced today that it has given irrevocable notice of redemption of all of the remaining untendered and outstanding 2014 Notes. The aggregate principal amount of the 2014 Notes that remain outstanding and are being redeemed is $45.3 million and the redemption date will be December 16, 2010. Pursuant to the terms of the indenture governing the 2014 Notes, Omega will redeem the outstanding 2014 Notes at a redemption price of 102.333% of their principal amount, or approximately $46.4 million, plus accrued and unpaid interest up to the redemption date. Omega is a real estate investment trust investing in and providing financing to the long-term care industry. At September 30, 2010, Omega owned or held mortgages on 395 skilled nursing facilities, assisted living facilities and other specialty hospitals with approximately 45,914 licensed beds (44,179 available beds) located in 35 states and operated by 49 third-party healthcare operating companies, and one closed facility held for sale. This announcement includes forward-looking statements. Actual results may differ materially from those reflected in such forward-looking statements as a result of a variety of factors, including, among other things: (i) uncertainties relating to the business operations of the operators of Omega's properties, including those relating to reimbursement by third-party payors, regulatory matters and occupancy levels; (ii) regulatory and other changes in the healthcare sector, including without limitation, changes in Medicare reimbursement; (iii) changes in the financial position of Omega's operators; (iv) the ability of operators in bankruptcy to reject unexpired lease obligations, modify the terms of Omega's mortgages, and impede the ability of Omega to collect unpaid rent or interest during the pendency of a bankruptcy proceeding and retain security deposits for the debtor's obligations; (v) the availability and cost of capital; (vi) competition in the financing of healthcare facilities; (vii) Omega's ability to maintain its status as a real estate investment trust; and (viii) other factors identified in Omega's filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Statements regarding future events and developments and Omega's future performance, as well as management's expectations, beliefs, plans, estimates or projections relating to the future, are forward-looking statements. Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc.Bob Stephenson, CFO, 410-427-1700


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March VIP Winners Announced
Congratulations to the most recent winners in our VIP program!
Congratulations to the most recent winners in our VIP program!
After weeks and weeks of heavy voting, we finally have a winner of the Show us your Spirit Challenge. So who is taking home the bragging rights, AND a very cool outdoor movie night from C&G Party Rentals?
The incomparable Miss Alicia Keys is coming to Boston and you could be on your way to see her live!
On Wednesday morning's show...if you can "Name That New Kid"...you'll instantly win tickets to NKOTB's Exclusive Record Release Event in Boston next Saturday, March 30th.
We'll play at 8am! Don't miss it!
It's that time of the year that everyone is getting ready from the Prom! How would you like to be totally hooked up for the big dance?
Now that the first round is over, we have narrowed it down to the top four schools with the most school spirit!
You and a guest could win an all-expense paid trip to Miami -- plus, the lucky grand prize winner will also receive two Samsung Galaxy Victory 4G LTE phones and $500 in spending money. After you enter the contest, be sure to share it with your friends on Facebook or Twitter to double your chances of winning!
We know that putting gas in your car is getting to be pretty painful. So we have decided to help you out a little bit with FREE gas cards!
There is just three more days of voting for the first round.of the school spirit challenge! Durfee High and Bishop Connolly are fighting it out for first place while its a close race for third and fourth place between New Bedford Voke Tech, Diman Regional, and New Bedford High School, although any school can still take third and fourth place. Votes for round one close on Friday then the top 4 battle it out for the first place prize!
A cool walk through the vineyards of Napa Valley – can you imagine a better way to spend a spring evening? How about strolling as the classic sounds of the Goo Goo Dolls and New Kids on the Block filter overhead?
Each year, Napa, CA hosts three days of music and wine in the beautiful Napa Valley for Live in the Vineyard. This year, as the Napa Valley hosts the Goo Goo Dolls, New Kids on the Block, and a few other artists we love, we want you to be a part of it.

subset: commoncrawl


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- Film, Media & Entertainment
- 333 S Franklin St, Tampa, FL, 33602
Tampa Bay WaVE/Madera Labs Homepage Throwdown
Tampa Bay WaVE
Friday, June 14, 2013 from 5:00 PM to 7:00 PM (EDT)
Your heart is racing. Your palms are sweaty. Even the pitch of your voice has ticked up a notch. Everyone is watching.
Your website is being critiqued live, right in front of you and all your peers. Think you're brave enough?
Join us June 14th for the Tampa Bay WaVE & Madera Labs Homepage Throwdown. We'll be closely examing homepages, going through them with a fine toothed comb, picking out the good and roasting the bad.
Led by Justin Davis, this session will be a fast-paced critique of audience members' websites, focusing on user experience and design. By the end of it, you'll have a battery of ideas for your own site, and an entirely new perspective on how to design better experiences online. There won't be any schedule - all websites will be volunteered up live from the audience, and critiqued on the spot in real time. This is your chance to get 10 minutes with two design experts, giving you personalized advice while your peers snicker at you.
Do you have the guts? Are you ready to put your design in front of the crowd and surrender yourself to the barrage of constructive critique? Better bring your tissues, this could get messy.
Then, Join us for drinks afterwords across the street at Taps's!
Event Details:
Tampa Bay WaVE/Madera Labs HomePage Throwdown
Friday, June 14th
Happy Hour @ Tap's http://www.tapswineandbeer.com/
No rules. All critique. Bring it.
Join millions of people on Eventbrite.
In order to purchase these tickets in installments, you'll need an Eventbrite account. Log in or sign up for a free account to continue.


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Even the most diehard pepper lovers probably won't need more than a pinch of the Ghost Pepper Chili Flakes to spice their meal up to snuff. This travel tin contains crushed and dried chili flakes made with Bhut Jolokia chili peppers, which are some of the hottest peppers on the planet with a Scoville heat rating of 1,001,304 SHU.
When Tabasco simply won't do, the Ghost Pepper Chili Flakes offer the ultimate spice solution. Be careful, however; you don't want to end up like Jamie Kocher of the Waimea Bay Chili Pepper Company, who nearly had to head to the hospital after eating a whole Bhut Jolokia chili pepper. See his harrowing misadventure below:
Image Sources:
July 31, 2011
Where do I get my hands on those ghost chile pepper flakes???
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- Stuffed Bell Peppers With Ground Turkey and Wild Rice
- Tamale Stuffed Peppers
- Roasted Chicken Thighs with Potatoes, Peppers and Onions
- Know Your Chili Peppers
- Hawaiian Chili Pepper Water
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You can now invite anyone to meet at your favorite Starbucks.
Limited-time feature
33 year old man | San Francisco, CA, USA | Seeking women 21-35 within 50 miles
Social, funny and outgoing person looking for a partner in crime!
I'm a Frisco native straight born and raised in this wonderful city. I'm a very fun easy going dude that likes to laugh and act a little goofy at times. Umm I'm a total techy so sometimes I can geek out when it comes to new tech toys. I'm also a pretty social person and I enjoy entertaining people either at my place or out on the town. On the other side of things I'm also very determined especially when it comes to my career. I've known what I wanted to do very early in my life, which I think is very rare. I'm looking for someone fun with a good sense of humor like myself. Someone who likes to laugh, has a good head on their shoulders and perhaps is into doing some traveling.
Camping , Coffee and conversation , Cooking , Dining out , Hobbies and crafts , Movies/Videos , Museums and art , Music and concerts , Exploring new areas , Nightclubs/Dancing , Playing sports , Shopping/Antiques , Travel/Sightseeing , Video games , Watching sports , Wine tasting
Baseball, Billiards / Pool, Bowling, Dancing, Football, Weights / Machines
I exercise 3-4 times per week.
I like Cats, Dogs, Fish
I had a mixed Chihuahua / boxer terrier but she passed about a year ago. She was very special to me as she was my first dog and i miss her.
Very Liberal
i would say Trader Sams, Blur bar, 111 Minna, 330 Rich, Noble, my place lol, The Warfield, Cha Cha Cha's, Tommy's Joint, Shabu House and Sip lounge. There are probably more places that I go to eat and chill because I'm pretty much all over this city.
San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA
Been listening to a lot of Hip Hop and Indie Rock lately. My favs at the moment are Kid Cudi, Weezy, Kanye, Empire of the Sun, Foster the People. TV: New Girl, Happy Endings, Modern Family, 30 Rock, Community, The Office, Parks and Rec, Ghost hunters
I like to catch any new movies that are out, hitting bars or lounges with friends, going to concerts, checking out exhibits and sometimes don't mind having a movie or game night at home with friends. Most of the time I'm up for anything!
Started reading "Supernatural" by Graham Hancock
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
|What he is looking for
|5'8" (172cms)
|5'3" (160cms) to 6'2" (187cms)
|Body type:
|About average
|About average, Curvy, Athletic and toned
|Black, Blue, Brown, Grey, Green, Hazel
|Auburn / Red, Black, Light brown, Dark brown, Blonde, Salt and pepper, Silver, Dark blonde, Grey, Platinum, Bald
|No Way
|Social Drinker
|Social Drinker
|Technical / Science / Computers / Engineering
|Artistic / Creative / Performance, Sales / Marketing, Self-Employed / Entrepreneur, Student, Education / Teacher / Professor, Technical / Science / Computers / Engineering, Fashion / Model / Beauty
|I'll tell you later
|No preference
|Never Married
|Never Married
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|Wants kids:
|Latino / Hispanic
|Asian, Black / African descent, East Indian, Latino / Hispanic, Middle Eastern, Native American, Pacific Islander, White / Caucasian, Other
|Christian / Catholic
|No preference
|English, Spanish
|English, Spanish
|Graduate degree
|Bachelors degree, Graduate degree, PhD / Post Doctoral


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Results 1 to 3 of 3
Thread: Life Drawing Resource Thread
December 19th, 2002 #1
Life Drawing Resource Thread
Hello All,
I posted a few book choices as good visual aides in understanding the underlying musculature and perspective of the human form, mostly male.
Now on to the females!
This may be kind of silly, but the poses are great and the price is cheap!
If you go to http://harpydigital.com/ and click on the CD collection, you will come across a series of nude collections. These are old photos, but they're great to study from (from a classical rendering point-of-view). The poses are fun and the scenery is slick too! The cds are very cost effective.
There are also some slick photos of gargoyles too.
The Harpy Digital site is a family run site with some friggin' killer shots of bugs and beetles - see http://www.living-jewels.com/ .
The site is a little slow today, so bear with them. It's worth getting in and checkin' it out.
Draw on everyone!
dThere is no "I" in team, but there is an "I" in pie. And there's an "i" in meat pie. Meat is the anagram of team...~Shaun "Shaun of the Dead"
Hide this ad by registering as a memberDecember 19th, 2002 #2
Hey thanks, but there is a larger life drawing reference thread in the reference forum on this site.
I'll check that site out though, no doubt.
December 19th, 2002 #3
My bad.
Hey Davi,
My apologies....had taken a quick scan of the first page of this forum and didn't see anything. Thanks for posting the images and the links - your rsc is great!
Hope my link adds to your collection for all to see/use.
There is no "I" in team, but there is an "I" in pie. And there's an "i" in meat pie. Meat is the anagram of team...~Shaun "Shaun of the Dead"


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Aries Ventures, Inc. filed as an Articles of Incorporation in the State of California and is no longer active. This corporate entity was filed approximately seven years ago on Monday, April 7, 2008 as recorded in documents filed with California Secretary of State.
Dimitri Nikouline served as the President and has interests in other corporate entities including Murano Software, Inc., Appulate, Inc. Dimitri's past corporate affiliations include Aries Ventures, LLC .
Dimitri Nikouline is also the registered agent for the company. Also known as a statutory or resident agent, the registered agent is responsible for receiving legal notifications regarding court summons, lawsuits, and other legal actions involving the corporate entity.
Key roles for Aries Ventures, Inc.
Dimitri Nikouline
|Filing Type:
|Articles of Incorporation
|State ID:
|Date Filed:
|Monday, April 7, 2008
|Registered Agent
|Dimitri Nikouline
Comprehensive Insight Plus Report
|Learn More
|The D&B Comprehensive Insight Plus Report for Aries Ventures, Inc. combines D&B's proprietary statistical scoring with business, payment and financial information all in one report.
US Company Profile Report
|Learn More
|The D&B U.S. Company Profile contains basic information such as address and telephone number, executive names and titles, line of business and SIC codes, D-U-N-S Numbers, organization status, and year and location of incorporation for Aries Ventures, Inc..


text:
Lovelady, TX Tornado Risk and Historical Data
Lovelady, TX Tornado Risk Level
Based on Historical Tornado Data Lovelady, Texas is located in following risk area:
Moderate Risk
*Tornado risk is calculated from the destruction path that has occured within 30 miles of the location.
According to records, the largest Tornado in the Lovelady area was an F3 in 1954 that caused 6 injuries and 0 deaths. Lovelady, Texas is in Moderate Risk area.
Lovelady, TX Historical Tornadoes
Lovelady, TX Recorded Tornadoes by Year
Lovelady, TX
Lovelady, TX Real Estate
Search Lovelady, TX Real Estate
Click here to Expand to see zipcode within city


text:
Open your STCU Visa Platinum credit card today and enjoy 0% APR on everything you buy during the next seven billing cycles (that's at least six months).
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CHESTERTOWN - The North Warren Central School Board's proposed 2009-2010 budget, reflecting a reorganizational plan which includes eliminating the position of elementary principal and three teaching positions, is the subject of a public hearing to be held 7 p.m. Monday at the school.
The 2009-2010 budget of $12,488,408, reflecting a .77 percent increase in spending over the current year, goes to the voters in less than two weeks. The budget represents an increase in total tax levy of 1.13 percent.
The public vote on the budget is set for noon to 8 p.m. Tuesday May 19 in the school atrium.
The spending plan includes abolishing the elementary principal post, a proposal that has sparked controversy. The position has been held for six years by Susan Bulmer, who has been praised for her performance by both parents and teachers. Bulmer's responsibilities will be redistributed among other administrators.
Also eliminated in the cost-saving downsizing will be one of two business teacher positions, one of five reading teacher posts, and a special education position.
Superintendent Joe Murphy has said the downsizing decisions were made based on sinking enrollment. The number of students enrolled in North Warren Central has declined from about 670 in 1995 to about 600 this year.
Elimination of the positions saves taxpayers about $275,000 in pay and benefits.
The school reorganization includes grouping teachers into four teams for primary grades, level three through five, middle school grades, and high school level. Regardless of several class consolidations, Murphy said, classes will be ranging from 12 to 20 pupils, with an average size of about 17.
Two board of education seats are open, and incumbents Bruce Robbins and Bruce Hiller, both of Chestertown, will be on the ballot, uncontested, for additional terms.
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text: I agree with Michael in that this is not an interesting portrait on it's own. It is interesting that John Lennon is sitting in a room that looks like a basement of a not too expensive home. Must have been the early days, he's not even wearing the granny glasses. The lace pillows are a surprise too, makes you wonder if he's in a groupie's bedroom???


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The Philadelphia Phillies Big Lights Snapback Hat in Maroon Light Blue : Karmaloop.com - Global Concrete Culture
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text:
referral tracking of course
Well it starts to get ridiculous … if you want to give away an invite just choose one of your acquaintances and give it to them.
redeffect said
here some articles:
circular grids in logo design
example of logos based on grid
Great links thanks! it changes my all perspective about this subject.
I asked about it on Stack Exchange and got pretty useful answers, http://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/questions/6021/creating-a-custom-grid-for-a-logo-in-illustrator enjoy
I wondered if there is any tutorial/article about creating geometrical logos such as David Pache and Igor Duibanov does?
I will even pay for this kind of tutorial(like i did with the "Create a Geometric Wordmark and Ambigram" but got really disappointed because it seems that they skipped the most important parts)
Thank you
I just turn on the radio, it doesn't really matter to me.
'm trying to make QuickSand to work but I can't understand how it works. I have searched a lot about it over Google and the simplest way I have found was SplitV's post over here: http://blog.themeforest.com/forums/thread/how-do-you-use-quicksand-jquery-plugin/32591?page=2 but still I can't make it work.
You can see what I have done over here: http://jsfiddle.net/gtSn4/.
Thank you for your help!
edit: another little thing, i did transitions using css but it works only on Dreamweaver, any idea way?
||+520774|Monkify said-||I don't agree.. there are a lot of "not very skilled designers" over dribbble. just because you browse on "Popular" and everything there is beautiful doesn't mean that this is the skill level of all dribbble designers.||+520741|laranz said-|| I too need it badly, any kind heart man/woman who had invitation please inviteBeing a part of Dribbble isn't about people just being kind and handing out invites. You have to be a skilled designer to get an invite. Not sure if you're a designer or not, but you definitely won't be handed an invite without at least showing some of your design work.
I am a prospect in dribbble, http://dribbble.com/laranzThanks,
How about changing the badge from items bought to items rated like on Ebay? sometimes I buy stuff from Ebay and not from other sites even if it a little bit cheaper just to get rated.
1.70 cm, too short for modeling


text:
Oct. 22, 2007
The University of New Mexico men's golf team struggled to an 11th-place tie after two rounds of the Club Glove Intercollegiate in Somis, Calif., today. The Lobos finished the day at 67-over par (323-320=643) after two rounds of battling 45 mile-per-hour winds amid the wildfires of southern California. Pepperdine, the host of the 54-hole event, leads after two rounds at 30-over (300-306=606).
New Mexico was led by junior Steve Saunders' two round total of 157 (74-83, +13). He is currently 20th in the individual standings. Sophomore Kyle Nielsen is tied of 29th at 15-over after posting 80-79 in his first two rounds. Senior Robb Bierbaum (84-79=163) is in a tie for 42nd at 19-over, while junior Jon Sauer is one stroke back (85-79=164, +20). Sophomore Brandon Putnam also played in today's first two rounds and is 59th in the individual standings (87-83=170, +11).
The final round starts tomorrow with tee times beginning at 8:30 a.m. (M.D.T.). This is ths final event for New Mexico for the fall season.


text:
Printable View
Goodbye EWNCW, it's been one helluva run. I can honestly say I have loved every bit of my time here. I would like to give a list of shout outs now if at all possible.
Tommy Thunder for allowing me to come into this fed and giving the the shot to have fun again in fedding.
Chunkky for all the quality IC'ing in the thread to keep me on my toes as well as the RUUUMMMOOORRRBBBLLIIITTTZZZZZZZZ
K2Jelly for the freakin' awesome feud. Romulus really is in a league of his own.
Finally Grind_Bastard. Brother I can't thank you enough. From the beginning we had a chemistry that was unmatched. You allowed me to have fun and I can't thank you enough for that.
There's several others I know I'm forgetting so I'll close by saying a huge THANK YOU to everyone here. You guys are top notch here, and I love you all from the bottom of my little Pooty heart


text: This will be first handgun. I like the double stack better (fit of the hand) vs XDS but both are nice. However, the budget will only support one gun. I worry about concealment. I am 6 ft. 225lbs. My typical summer dress is shorts and tee shirt. I'd appreciate advice on which as it I can afford this purchase only once. Sent from my mind using telepathy.


text:
UTSA Sports
E-N coverage of the San Antonio institution.
Posts by Author
UTSA baseball wins 8-3 against Texas A&M-Corpus Christi
UTSA relief pitcher Matt Sims shut out Texas A&M-Corpus Christi in the final 2 and 1/3 innings Friday night as the Roadrunners beat the Islanders 8-3 at Whataburger Field. [Read More]
UTSA women gaining momentum entering C-USA stretch run
Freshman Tesha Smith scored 18 points and grabbed a career-high 12 rebounds Thursday, lifting UTSA to a surprising 61-60 victory over East Carolina in Conference USA women's basketball. [Read More]
Houston Baptist home run beats UTSA 9-7 in 13 innings
Mike Chamberlain's two-run home run in the top of the 13th inning Tuesday lifted the Houston Baptist Huskies to a 9-7 victory over UTSA. [Read More]
UTSA pounds Saint Peter's 14-0, sweeps season-opening series
The UTSA Roadrunners pounded out a 14-0 victory over Saint Peter's (N.J.) Sunday, completing a three-game sweep of a season-opening series. The Roadrunners, who reached NCAA baseball tournament last year, showed off an explosive offense, a solid defense and depth of pitching during the three home games. [Read More]
UTSA men knock off Florida Atlantic on 'Senior Day'
SAN ANTONIO — Guard Devon Agusi scored 23 points and Jordan Sims added 14 Saturday to lead UTSA's 66-56 "Senior Day" victory over the Florida Atlantic University Owls at the Convocation Center. With three weeks left in the Conference USA regular-season schedule, UTSA (8-16, 4-7) limited FAU (10-16, 5-6) with an active defense. The Roadrunners held […] [Read More]
Roadrunners win opener, beat St. Peter's 1-0 in 10 innings
The UTSA baseball team opened its season Friday night with a 1-0 victory over St. Peter's (N.J.) in 10 innings. RJ Perucki delivered a game-winning RBI on a sacrifice fly. [Read More]
R.J. Perucki says baseball team is 'expecting to win'
SAN ANTONIO — UTSA opens a new baseball season Friday with a 6 p.m. game against St. Peter's (N.J.) Third baseman R.J. Perucki said the Roadrunners can't wait to get started. "We're excited," Perucki said. "We got a bunch of people back, a lot of starters. We've got a very good pitching staff this year. Our pitching is the […] [Read More]
UTSA men are trying to stay afloat in Conference USA race
The UTSA Roadrunners face injury problems heading down the stretch in the Conference USA schedule. UTSA will play Florida Atlantic at home on Saturday. The Roadrunners lost 80-72 at home to Florida International on Thursday. [Read More]
UTSA softball team upsets 15th-ranked Texas in Austin, 4-2
The UTSA Roadrunners knocked off the Texas Longhorns 4-2 in softball Wednesday night. It was UTSA's first victory over UT in six years. UT had the bases loaded with two outs when UTSA freshman pitcher Nicole Merrill coaxed Lindsey Stephens into a fly ball to center to end the game. [Read More]
UAB rolls 79-56, sends UTSA women to sixth straight loss
The UAB Blazers beat the UTSA women 79-56 Wednesday night, handing the Roadrunners their sixth straight loss. [Read More]
Show More


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Charlotte's 'voice' of Hurricane Hugo
1:00 pm
Mon September 21, 2009
Charlotte's 'voice' of Hurricane Hugo
By Mark Rumsey
Twenty years ago tonight, Hurricane Hugo roared ashore near Charleston. A few hours later, hurricane-force winds hit Charlotte. The city was instantly thrown into an unexpected crisis mode, including massive power outages and streeets and yards littered with thousands of downed trees. Soon, the city was hanging on regular updates from Assistant City Manager Don Steger. In fact, we heard from Steger so much that he earned another unofficial title as the "Public Voice" of Hurricane Hugo. Mr. Steger is now retired from the city. He stopped by our studios today to share his recollections of Hugo.


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At issue is a section of the provisional ballot where the voter fills in the official ID verifying their legitimacy.
Most radical was the 1856 provisional Constitution drafted by northern abolitionists, including John Brown.
This brazenness is earning Israel something unusual: the near universal, if provisional, sympathy of Western nations.


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Old Rag Mountain
After overnight delay, injured hiker rescued from Old Rag Mountain in Shenandoah ParkComment
A man who was injured on Old Rag Mountain in the Shenandoah National Park Saturday was rescued Sunday afternoon by a helicopter after park rangers had stayed with him overnight, providing treatment and medication.
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A dryer-fuser apparatus and method are provided to evaporate volatile, flammable carrier liquid from and to fuse solids color-imparting particles to a travelling web of paper in a high speed electrophotographic printing process. Volatiles from the dryer are vented to a catalytic converter, with heat recovered from the catalytic converter being recycled to supply heat to the dryer-fuser. An electric resistance heater may be used to supply heat during system start up and during such times when auxiliary heat is required. Regulation of the amount of venting is provided and is dependent upon the concentration of flammable volatiles present in the dryer.
1. In an electrostatic printing process of the type wherein a color imparting liquid toner dispersion comprising a volatile, flammable carrier liquid and solid color imparting toner particles is applied to a traveling web of paper or the like to form the desired image, a method of drying the web in a hot air dryer by evaporating the carrier liquid from the web and mixing the volatilized carrier with the hot air, comprising:
directing the web through the dryer;
supplying a stream of hot air into the dryer;
suspending the traveling web in a cushion of the hot air while passing the web through the dryer;
withdrawing the combined volatilized carrier and hot air from the dryer with a variable speed exhaust fan; and
measuring the content of the variable speed exhaust fan in response to such measured content of carrier volatiles to control the amount of venting.
2. The process defined in claim 1 further comprising passing the mixed vented carrier volatiles and hot air withdrawn from the dryer through a catalytic converter to exothermically degrade the volatiles, and recycling at least a portion of heated effluent air exiting the catalytic converter by adding such effluent air to the hot air streams supplied to the dryer.
3. The process defined in claim 2 further comprising directing another portion of the heated effluent air exiting the catalytic converter through a heat exchanger; and
directing the combined vented carrier volatiles and hot air from the dryer through the heat exchanger to add heat from the heated effluent air to the mixed volatiles and hot air before passing the preheated mixed volatiles and hot air through the catalytic converter.
4. The process as defined in claim 2 further comprising
directing the portion of effluent hot recycled to an exhaust vent,
controlling the exhaust flow of effluent with a bypass damper to adjust the proportion of effluent air from said catalytic converter which is exhausted and which is recycled.
5. The process defined in claim 2 further comprising,
admitting fresh make-up air to the stream of hot air supplied to the dryer,
sensing the air pressure within the dryer, and
regulating the ratio of fresh make-up air to the volume of recycled heated effluent air from the catalytic converter in accordance with dryer pressure changes as a result of changes in exhaust fan speed.
6. The process defined in claim 5 comprising
regulating the ratio to ensure that the lower flammability level of the volatiles is not exceeded.
7. The process defined in claim 5 further comprising regulating said ratio to ensure that a lower flammability level of 25% or less is attained.
8. The process defined in claim 2 further comprising
measuring the temperature of the web in the dryer, and
controlling the amount of heated effluent air from the catalytic converter recycled through the dryer in response to variations in the web temperature.
9. Apparatus for drying a web of paper or the like that has been wetted with a liquid toner dispersion comprising a volatile, flammable carrier liquid and solids toner particles, said apparatus comprising:
a dryer including a hot air supply manifold and means defining a dryer chamber around said manifold;
a supply conduit connected to said supply manifold for supplying hot air to said dryer;
conveyer means for moving the web along a path through said dryer chamber past said manifold whereby substantially all carrier liquid on the web is volatilized to mix in said dryer chamber with the hot air from said manifold;
means for suspending the web in an air cushion while the web is moved through said dryer chamber;
vent means connected to said dryer chamber for venting the mixture of hot air and volatilized carrier from said dryer chamber;
a variable speed exhaust fan connected to withdraw the mixture of air and volatilized carrier through said vent means;
means for measuring the content of volatilized carrier in said dryer chamber; and
means responsive to said measuring means for regulating the speed of said exhaust fan to control the amount of mixture flowing through said vent means.
10. Apparatus as defined in claim 9 wherein
said manifold includes a pair of air supply tubes connected to said conduit means and disposed in said dryer, the web path extending between said air supply tubes, said tubes each having a plurality of apertures therein aimed toward the web path, the hot air supplied to said air supply tubes exiting through said apertures to blow hot air onto opposite sides of the web to suspend the portion of the web passing between said tubes in said dryer.
11. Apparatus as defined in claim 9 further comprising
catalytic converter means connected to receive the mixture from said fan for exothermically degrading the volatilized carrier, and
recycle conduit means connecting the effluent from said catalytic converter means to said supply conduit for recycling at least a portion of hot effluent from said catalytic converter means to said supply manifold.
12. Apparatus as defined in claim 11 further comprising
heat exchange means connected to said recycle conduit means whereby a portion of the effluent emanating from said catalytic converter means is passed to said heat exchange means,
the flow of mixture from said fan being connected to said heat exchange means whereby the mixture of volatilized carrier and hot air from said dryer is brought into heat exchange relation with the hot effluent from said catalytic converter means thereby to preheat the mixture of hot air and volatilized carrier prior to passage thereof into said catalytic converter means.
13. Apparatus as defined in claim 12 further including
an auxiliary heater connected between said fan and said recycle conduit means to preheat the mixture flowing from said fan during startup of the apparatus when said catalytic converter means is not fully operative.
14. Apparatus as defined in claim 9 further comprising
a make-up air supply conduit connected to said manifold for supplying fresh air thereto, and
damper means controlling the flow through said make-up air supply conduit for adjusting the amount of fresh air supplied to said manifold.
15. Apparatus as defined in claim 9 further comprising
means for measuring the air pressure in said dryer chamber, and
means for regulating the amount of make-up air admitted to said dryer in response to variations in chamber pressure sensed by said pressure measuring means as a result of changes in exhaust fan speed.
16. Apparatus as defined in claim 11 further comprising
recycle damper means controlling the flow through said recycle conduit means for adjusting the amount of hot effluent from said catalytic converter means that is recycled to said air supply manifold.
17. Apparatus as defined in claim 16 further comprising
means for measuring the temperature of the portion of the web in said dryer chamber, and
means for controlling the amount of hot effluent recycled from said heat exchanger means to said supply mainfold in response to said temperature measuring means.
This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 07/457,317 filed Dec. 28, 1989 now abandoned.
The present invention pertains to a high speed electrophotographic printing press and specifically to a dryer-fuser apparatus therefor which is utilized to evaporate toner carrier liquid from and fuse color-imparting toner solids particles to a travelling web or the like after the desired image has been transferred from an electrophotographic printing cylinder to the web.
Electrophotographic printing is well known and has been widely refined. For example, today, almost every office and indeed some homes have electrophotographic copiers. The industry has grown to the point where it is now a highly competitive multi-billion dollar industry. In most instances, these home and office copiers are capable of providing only about a few copies per minute.
In electrophotography, images are photoelectrically formed on a photoconductive layer mounted on a conductive base. Liquid or dry developer or toner mixtures may be used to develop the requisite image.
Liquid toner dispersions for use in the process are formed by dispersing dyes or pigments and natural or synthetic resin materials in a low dielectric constant carrier liquid. Charge control agents are added to the liquid toner dispersions to aid in charging the pigment and dye particles to the requisite polarity for proper image formation on the desired substrate.
The photoconductive layer is sensitized by electrical charging whereby electrical charges are uniformly distributed over the surface. The photoconductive layer is then exposed by projecting or alternatively by writing over the surface with a laser, L.E.D., or the like. The electrical charges on the photoconductive layer are conducted away from the areas exposed to light with an electrostatic charge remaining in the image area. The charged pigment and/or dye particles from the liquid toner dispersion contact and adhere to the image areas of the photoconductive layer. The image is then transferred to the desired substrate, such as a travelling web of paper or the like.
In contrast to office and home copiers, high speed electrophotographic printing presses are being developed wherein successive images are rapidly formed on the photoconductive medium for rapid transfer to carrier sheets or the like travelling at speeds of greater than 100 ft./min. and even at speeds of from 300-500 ft./min. These high speed presses are capable of delivering 10 million copies per month with web or copy widths being on the order of 20 inches or greater.
In a high speed printing press, it is necessary that the image, after application of toner, be thoroughly fixed and dried prior to later (downstream) operations such as punching, perforating, rewinding, folding and/or sheeting in order that the final printed production is of requisite quality and press parts remain clean and free of toner which can mark the web. Furthermore, to dry and fuse a variety of different color toners efficiently, it is highly desirable to heat the travelling web, therefore volatilizing the dielectric carrier liquid and fusing the pigment and/or dye particles and associated synthetic resin binder to the web in such manner that image smearing is inhibited by minimizing contact of the travelling web surfaces with conveyor rollers and the like.
Further, due to the heat requirements of the drying process, and the attendant energy costs associated with same, it is highly desirable to provide a dryer-fuser apparatus that may successfully operate at high speed, while minimizing the energy input requirements for the heating process.
Due to the flammable nature of the dielectric carrier liquid utilized in such electrophotographic processes, it is highly desirable to provide a drying apparatus which maintains the drying atmosphere at a level that is substantially less than the lower flammability level of the carrier liquid. That is, at certain levels, the volatilized dielectric carrier liquid can provide a source of considerable danger in that in the presence of an external flame or spark the volatiles may ignite. For this reason, it is desirable to provide a dryer-fuser apparatus whereby fresh make-up air can be readily admitted to the drying zone so as to aid in maintaining the carrier liquid/atmospheric gas content well below that of the lower flammability level of the carrier liquid.
Further, it is desirable to provide a system to monitor the concentration of volatile carrier liquid in the dryer to control the rate at which the volatile gas containing atmosphere is exhausted from the apparatus in response thereto. At increasingly higher volatile levels, it is desirable to halt the travel of the web through the dryer altogether.
In accordance with the invention, a dryer-fuser apparatus and method are provided for utilization in a high speed electrophotographic printing process of the type adapted to operate at web speeds of 100 ft./min. and greater. More specifically, such high speed methods may operate at speeds of 300-500 ft./min.
The travelling web is forwarded by conveyor rolls or the like into a dryer housing that is provided with a pair of opposed hot air supply manifolds. Each manifold communicates with a plurality of air supply tubes that extend transversely across the web travel direction. The tubes are each provided with a plurality of apertures through which hot air passes to effect drying of the web. As the web travels through the dryer, it is interposed between the air supply tubes and held under tension by the rolls. The velocity of the hot air emanating from the tubes provides an air cushion for the web's travel through the dryer so that substantially no or little contact of the web is made with the air supply tubes during web travel through the dryer. As such, the web is suspended in the air cushion. Volatiles and hot air from the dryer housing are vented to a conduit in communication with a catalytic converter device.
As is known in the art, such catalytic converter devices comprise a fixed bed catalyst that supports exothermic degradation of the volatile organic compounds. The hot effluent gases emanating from the catalytic converter may then be either vented to exhaust or a portion thereof may be recycled to the air supply manifolds to provide heat for the drying process. The use of recycled heat from the catalytic oxidation of carrier liquid to dry and fix an image transferred to a copy sheet is not, in and of itself, new. For example, in conjunction with home and office type copiers, U.S. Pat. No. 4,538,899 discloses such methods and a device therefor.
In accordance with the invention, a portion of the recycled heat from the catalytic converter is returned to an upstream heat exchanger to heat the volatile materials and hot air vented from the dryer housing. In such manner, the volatiles and hot exhaust air emanating from the dryer housing may be preheated prior to their passage through the catalytic converter.
During system start up and for those times in which auxiliary heating means are required, an electrical resistance heater or the like may be used to supply heat to the dryer. A recycle bypass damper is also provided to regulate the amount of recycled heat from the catalytic converter that is recycled to the dryer.
A make-up air damper, in communication with a source of fresh make-up air, regulates the amount of fresh make-up air that is forwarded to the heater. The amount of make-up air admitted to the dryer is controlled by a pressure monitoring device that measures the pressure within the dryer.
An active flame sensor monitors the lower flammability level of the atmosphere within the dryer. In response to this sensor, the speed of the dryer exhaust fan is controlled so that the atmosphere is preferably maintained at or below about 25% of the lower flammability level (L.F.L.) for the particular carrier liquid that is used. At higher LFLs, the drive responsible for advancing the web through the dryer is stopped and an audible alarm is actuated.
The invention will be further described in conjunction with the following detailed description and the appended drawings.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the overall layout of components needed to form and develop the required image on the photoconductive cylinder surface and to transfer the developed image to a travelling web;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the dryer-fuser apparatus of the present invention; and
FIG. 3 is a control diagram showing the particular means for sensing and controlling various aspects of the dryer-fuser.
Turning first to the drawings and to FIG. 1 thereof, this view shows the overall organization of a typical photoconductive cylinder and associated mechanisms for formation of the latent electrostatic image, and subsequent image formation on the cylinder surface. A rotatable photoconductive drum 50, typically As2 Se3, SeTe or others, rotates in a counterclockwise direction as indicated by the arrow shown on cylinder 50 in FIG. 1. Special systems are arranged sequentially around drum 50 as shown in FIG. 1, to accomplish the desired formation and transfer of images onto web w. These systems include a high intensity charging apparatus 52, exposing-discharging (or imaging) apparatus 54, developing apparatus 55, transfer apparatus 56 and cleaning apparatus 58. These assure that the drum surface is charged, exposed, discharged and cleared of residual toner, while the developed images are continually transferred to the web material w.
Charging apparatus 52 comprises a plurality of corona discharge devices comprising corona discharge wires disposed within appropriately shaped shielded members with each wire and associated shield member forming a separate focusing chamber. The charge imparted by the coronas to the photoconductive cylinder is on the order of at least +1000 volts d.c., preferably between +1000 and +1450 volts. These corona assemblies extend across the drum surface 51 and along an arc closely parallel to surface 51. In a successful embodiment using a drum having a 33-inch circumference (thus 10.504-inch diameter), the arcuate length of the charging unit is about 4.5 inches or somewhat greater than 1/8th of the drum circumference.
Proceeding counterclockwise around the drum (as viewed in FIG. 1), there is a charge potential sensor 65 (an electrometer) which senses the voltage at the surface 51 and provides a continuous feedback signal to a charging power supply (not shown) to thereby adjust the charge level of the photoconductor surface 51 regardless of variations due, for example, to irregularities in the power supply or changes in the peripheral velocity of drum 50.
Digital imaging device 54, in the form of relatively high intensity L.E.D. double row array 70 is mounted to extend transversely of the rotating drum surface 51. Each L.E.D. is individually driven from a corresponding driver amplified circuit, details of which need not be described herein. Light emitted from the L.E.D.s is in the range of 655-685 nm through a Selfoc lens 72 onto the drum surface 51 in a dot size of 0.0033 inch diameter. In one successful embodiment, there are a total of 6144 L.E.D.s in the array, divided between two rows which are spaced apart in a direction along the circumference of the surface by 0.010 inch and all fixed to a liquid cooled base block (not shown). The space between adjacent L.E.D.s in the same row is 0.0033 inch horizontally or transverse to the drum surface and the L.E.D. arrays in the two rows are offset horizontally by the same dimension, thus the L.E.D.s can cooperate to discharge a continuous series of dots across drum surface 51 at a resolution of 300 dots/inch.
Light from the L.E.D.s operates to discharge the background or non-image areas of the passing drum surface to a substantially lower potential, for example, in the order of +100 to +300 volts d.c. by exposing individual dot areas to radiation at a predetermined frequency, as mentioned, whereby the remaining or image areas comprise a latent electrostatic image of the printed portions of the form.
Although the use of an L.E.D. arrangement has been depicted herein as providing for the requisite image, other conventional means for forming the requisite image may also be utilized. For instance, laser printing and conventional exposure methods such as reflection from high contrast originals and projection through transparencies and the like may also be utilized, although they are not preferred.
The latent electrostatic image then is carried, as the drum rotates, past developing station 55 where it is subjected to the action of a special high speed liquid toner developer of the type comprising a dielectric carrier liquid material, such as the Isopar series of hydrocarbons, resinous binder particles, and color-imparting dye and/or pigment particles. As is known in the art, the desired charge may be chemically supplied to the resin-pigment/dye particles by utilization of wellknown charge control agents such as lecithin and alkylated vinylpyrrolidone materials. In the embodiment shown, drum 50 comprises an As2 Se3 photoconductive layer to which charge coronas 52 impart a positive charge. The toner particles are accordingly provided with a negative charge in the range of about 60 to 75 picamhos/cm.
The developing station 55 comprises a shoe member 80, which also functions as a developer electrode (which is electrically insulated from drum 50 and extends transversely across drum surface 51). The face of shoe member 80 is curved to conform to a section of drum surface 51 and, in a successful embodiment, has a length, along the arcuate face, of about 7 inches, slightly less than 1/4 of the circumference of drum surface 51, and which is closely fitted to the moving drum surface, for example, at a spacing of about 500 microns (0.020 inch). Shoe 80 is divided into first and second cavities 82, 83 (see FIG. 5) through each of which is circulated liquid toner dispersion from a liquid toner dispersion supply and replenishment system.
Liquid toner dispersion is supplied to developer electrode 80 through conduit 10 via action of pump 12 and associated adjustable flow valve 14. The toner dispersion is fed to manifold 16 and then through inlet supply pipes 18(a-d). Polyurethane tires 20, 22 are journalled in the sidewalls of developer electrode housing and ride upon anodized rims that are circumferentially disposed about periphery of drum 50. A direct current source, indicated generally by the reference numeral 24, is provided to apply bias through conductor 26 to the electrode 80.
A toner sump 28 is provided to surround electrode 80 and is provided with a sump return line 30 to return spent toner dispersion to a liquid toner supply system (not shown).
The developer shoe 80 functions as an electrode which is maintained at a potential on the order of about +200 to 600 volts d.c. Thus, the negatively charged toner particles are introduced into the shoe cavities and are dispersed among electrical fields between: 1) the image areas and the developer electrode on the one hand and between 2) the background and the developer electrode on the other hand. Typically, the electrical fields are the result of difference in potential: a) between the images areas (+1000 to 1450 volts) and the developer electrode (+200 to +600 volts) which causes the negatively charged toner particles to deposit on the image areas, and b) the field existing between the background areas (+100 to +300 volts) and the developer electrode (+200 to +600 volts) which later field causes the toner particles to migrate away from the background areas to the developer shoe. The result is a highly distinctive contrast between image and background areas, with good color coverage being provided in the solid image areas. The tendency of toner particles to build up on the developer shoe or electrode is overcome by the circulation of the liquid toner therethrough at rates on the order of about 7.57 to 37.85 liters/min. (2 to 10 gallon/min.) back to the toner refreshing system.
As the drum surface passes from the developer shoe, a reverse rotating metering roll 32, spaced parallel to the drum surface by about 0.002-0.003 in., acts to shear away any loosely attracted toner in the image areas, and also to reduce the amount of volatile carrier liquid carried by the drum and any loose toner particles which might have migrated into the background areas. The metering role has applied to it a bias potential on the order of about +200 to +600 volts d.c. from d.c. power source 34 and conductor 36, varied according to web velocity. Reverse roll 32 is driven via drive roller 38 with drive being transmitted through belt or chain member 40. A position sensor 42 is provided to sense the position of roll 32 as shall be explained in greater detail hereinafter.
Proceeding further in the counterclockwise direction with regard to FIG. 1, there is shown a transfer apparatus 56 adapted to effect transfer of the image from the photoconductive surface to a travelling web w of paper or the like. A pair of idler rollers 90a, b guide web onto the "3 o'clock" position of drum 50 and behind the web path at this location is a transfer coratron 92. The web is driven at a speed equal to the velocity of drum surface 51 to minimize distortion of the developed image on the surface 51. The positioning of rollers 90a, b is such that the width (top to bottom) of the transverse band 95 of web-drum surface contact is about 0.5 inch centered on the radius of the drum which intersects the coratron 92.
The shape of the transfer coratron shield 96, and the location of the axis of the tungsten wire and shield 96 is such as to focus the ion "spray" from the coratron onto the web-drum contact band on the reverse side of web w. The transfer coratron 92 has applied to it a voltage in the range of +6600 to +8000 volts d.c., and the distance between the coratron wire 93 and the surface of web w is in the order of about 0.25-0.35 inch-preferably 0.317 inch. This results in a transfer efficiency of at least 95% of the solids particles of the liquid toner dispersion. Both solid toner particles and liquid carrier material are transferred to the web.
The web path continues into a fuser and dryer apparatus 100 (FIG. 2), wherein the carrier liquid is evaporated from the web material and the toner particles are fused thereto as shall be explained in greater detail hereinafter. Proceeding further in the clockwise direction with respect to FIG. 1, a cleaning apparatus 58 is utilized to remove all toner particles and carrier liquid from the drum surface 51 and erase lamp 111 is arranged to flood surface 51 with either blue or white light emanating from a fluorescent tube. Satisfactory cleaning results have been achieved with blue fluorescent tubes emitting predominantly at about 440 nm and with white fluorescent tubes emitting predominantly at 400, 440, 550 and 575 nm.
The foam roller 60 is of a polyurethane open cell construction and is fixed to a power driven shaft which is rotated in the opposite direction to drum surface motion, as indicated by the arrows in FIG. 1, so as to compress against and scrub the surface 51. The compression/expansion of the open cell foam during this action will tend to draw liquid carrier material and any included toner particles remaining on the surface 51 off of that surface and into the cells of roller 60.
A cleaning blade 66, comprising a tough, but flexible, polyurethane wiper blade is mounted with its edge extending forward and into contact with surface 51, just beyond foam roller 60. Blade 66 acts to wipe the drum surface 51 dry, since the photoconductor surface must be dry when it reaches the charging station.
Turning now to FIG. 2, it can be seen that web, w, is admitted into dryer-fuser apparatus 100, comprising housing member 112. The web is conveyed through the dryer-fuser by use of roller 90b and drive roller 102. As shown, the web is guided downwardly along an inclined path through the dryer-fuser. The dryer is designed to fuse toner on both sides of the web. In perfecting printing both sides of the web become "wet". Roller 90b has a surface made of expanded metal which presents a multitude of sharp points to support the web. The toned image only touches the this roll at discrete points each of minuscule size (or area) so the image is not disrupted. This is important in minimizing disturbance or distortion of the desired image. Air supply manifolds 104, 106 are provided with each carrying air supply tubes 108, 110 which tubes extend transversely across the surfaces of the web with the lower and upper array of tubes being offset from the other. As can be seen, the web is interposed between the surfaces of the tubes 108, 110 which are provided with a multiplicity of apertures therein to blow hot air onto the web from opposite sides thereof.
In accordance with the invention, the flow rate of hot air emanating from the air supply tubes 108, 110 is such as to provide an air cushion to cushion the web as it travels through the heater. In such manner, the web essentially floats through the heater while making little or no contact with surface portions thereof. Again, this tends to minimize smearing and image distortion that may otherwise occur during heating processes wherein the travelling web is contacted with roller and/or heater surfaces in the heater proper. Heated air at a temperature on the order of around 250� F. is ejected at 5,000 to 10,000 fpm from the air supply tubes as the surfaces of the moving web are transported at velocities in the range of from 100-500 ft./min. The hot air velocity is such that the web is kept spaced away from the nozzle arrays and follows a somewhat sinuous path between the manifolds 104, 106.
The hot air performs two functions. First, it volatilizes the liquid carrier material that has been applied to the travelling web. Secondly, it heats the web causing the solids toner particles to fuse onto the desired place on the web. In a typical operation, this requires sufficient heat transfer to remove and vaporize carrier liquid at rates of about 850 g/min. and higher. Volatiles and hot air in housing 112 are vented through conduit 114 and filter 116 by the action of downstream exhaust fan 118 thereon. The vented volatiles-hot exhaust air pass along conduit 114 to heat exchanger 120, the function of which shall be explained hereinafter.
During startup and at other times when auxiliary heating is required, an electrical resistance heater 122 is operated to provide supplementary heat through the conduits to supply manifolds 104, 106 through respective damper members 152, 154. Proceeding further in a downstream direction, the volatiles and hot air enter catalytic converter 124 wherein, in conventional manner, the volatile organic materials are exothermically converted into carbon dioxide and water whereby hot effluent exhaust air from catalytic converter 124 is passed to recycle line 126. A portion of the hot effluent air from the catalytic converter is diverted into bypass conduit 128 and heat exchanger flow line 130 whereby it heats the vented volatiles-hot air in conduit 114 to preheat the volatiles and exhaust air from dryer 112 prior to admission thereof into the catalytic converter means 124. The portion of heated effluent from catalytic converter 124 channeled through the heat exchanger is then conducted to exhaust port 132. A damper means or the like, 134, is provided in the bypass conduit line 128 so as to regulate back pressure in the system and to aid in regulating the amount of hot effluent air from the catalytic converter 124 that is passed through heat exchanger 120.
As is readily apparent, a portion of the hot effluent air from catalytic converter 124 is conducted through recirculator conduit 126 and is returned via the action of supply fan 150 and conduit 148 through either damper 152 or 154 to supply hot air to the air manifolds 104, 106. This is an important part of the invention in that, after the initial heat required for the process is provided by resistance heater 122, the resistance heater 122 can be turned off with heat supplied to the dryer 100 being composed entirely of heat emanating from catalytic converter 124 through recycle conduit lines 126 and 148. A return line damper 136 is used to regulate the amount of this recycled heat that is supplied to the manifolds 104, 106.
A fresh make-up air source 138 is provided in conjunction with damper means 140 to regulate the amount of fresh make-up air drawn by supply fan 150 through conduit 148 through either damper 152, 154 to the manifolds 104, 106. If desired, direct exhaust from housing 112 may be drawn through filter 142 and conduit 144 to and through conduit 148 to recycle exhaust air (including volatiles) to the air manifolds 104, 106, primarily during start-up. The amount of thus recycled exhaust air is regulated by means of a damper 146.
It has been found that heat from the catalytic converter effluent air, once the system has been brought to operate within a range of normal speeds, is sufficient to continue the recirculation, heating and filtering of the dryer-fuser air without the continued use of heater 122, which can then be switched off. The fuser-dryer apparatus thus is a recuperative system which effectively controls emissions from vaporization of the carrier liquid and recovers the resulting heat to further the fusing and drying process.
The roller 102 is chilled by internal cooling means and serves to reduce the temperature of the web material to approximately ambient. Downstream from this chilled drive roll 102, a plurality of other operations such as punching, perforating, rewinding, folding, sheeting, etc., may be performed on the travelling web in accordance with well-known techniques. Details of such additional operations may be gleaned from U.S. Pat. No. 4,177,730, the content of which is herein incorporated by reference.
Based upon preliminary data, typical operating parameters of the dryer-fuser system of the invention include a temperature on the web surface of about 250� F. during travel thereof through the dryer-fuser apparatus 100. The temperature of the heat/exchanger output is about 500� F.
Due to the flammable nature of the ISOPAR carrier liquid, it is highly desirable to perform the heating-fusing operation in such manner that the content of volatile material is maintained well below the lower flammability level of same. To this end, the dryer-fuser is adapted to operate at a level of 25% of the LFL (lower flammability level) of the carrier liquid or lower. Variables important in maintaining such atmosphere are the minimum flammable vapor concentration of Isopar in air, web speed, solvent content of the traveling web, amount of fresh make-up air admitted to the system and the amount of return volatiles and hot air recycled to the heater through line 144 and damper 146.
One of the advantages of the use of a hot air dryer as described and claimed herein over other dryers, such as microwave dryers, is that a variety of different toners may be dried. For instance, certain microwave dryers rely upon energy at a particular wavelength. However, in the present invention, the travelling web is heated with heat transfer from the web to the toner being used to fuse the toner particles.
Turning now to FIG. 3, there is shown, in block format, a simplified control system schematic for the apparatus. A pressure monitoring device 202, such as a diaphragm containing pressure switch is contained within the dryer-fuser apparatus 100. Desirably, the pressure in the apparatus 100 is maintained at -1" H2 O. The information from the pressure monitor 202 is forwarded to a programmable logic controller (PLC) 250 that compares the measured pressure with a desired set-point pressure which, in this instance, is -1" H2 O. If the pressure is less than the desired set point (i.e., too much negative pressure in the fuser-dryer), the PLC sends an analog signal to adjustably open the make-up air damper 140 to in turn allow fresh make-up air to be supplied to the damper members 152, 154. Conversely, if the pressure exceeds the desired set point, the damper 140 is closed.
The opening or closing of hot air return damper 136 is similarly controlled by the PLC 250. Here, when the printing press is running, the temperature of the web exiting the dryer-fuser is measured by a thermocouple 204 or the like. This temperature information is supplied to the PLC 250 wherein it is compared to a predetermined set-point here, for example 220� F. If the indicated temperature is greater than this desired set-point, the PLC sends an analog signal to the adjustable air return damper 136 to close same to prevent air from the catalytic converter from entering the conduit 148 for recycled use in the fuser-dryer. In contrast, if the web temperature is below the predetermined set-point, the damper 136 is opened to allow recycling of the air emanating from the catalytic converter 124.
When the printing press is not running, a thermocouple 206 measures the temperature within the fuser-dryer 100. This temperature information is supplied to PLC wherein it is compared to a predetermined set-point, for example, 350� F. Again, if the measured temperature exceeds this set point, the damper 136 is closed preventing communication between duct sections 126 and 148. If the measured temperature is below the set-point, the damper 136 is opened.
Temperature control of the hot-side bypass damper 134 is also provided. A thermocouple or like device 208 is located just upstream from the catalytic converter 124. This temperature information is conveyed to the PLC where it is compared to a predetermined setpoint range. Here, for example, if the measured temperature is less than about 450� F., the PLC transmits an analog signal to the damper controller to close the bypass damper 134 to ensure that all hot air travelling through duct 128 is diverted through heat exchanger flow line 130. Conversely, if the temperature information sent to PLC by thermocouple 208 exceeds the high end of the set-point range, for example, 550� F., the bypass damper 134 is opened, thereby ensuring that a portion of the air passing through duct line 128 will pass directly through the damper 134 to exhaust 132 without travel through heat exchanger flow line 130.
Most importantly, due to the highly flammable nature of the carrier liquid utilized in the liquid toner dispersion formulations, a control system is provided to monitor and regulate the percent of carrier liquid concentration in the dryer-fuser atmosphere. To this end, a lower flammability limit (LFL) monitor 210 is positioned within the housing of the dryer-fuser. The preferred monitor 210 is the Model FFA "Sensing Flame Detection System" available from Control Instruments Corporation, Fairfield, N.J. This device comprises an active sensing flame. Flammable vapors that enter the device are incinerated by the flame. This action results in an increase in the BTU output of the flame which is measured by a resistance temperature detector which is then transmitted and indicated on a control module in terms of the LFL. This LFL signal is then used as input to the PLC 250. When the LFL value is greater than a predetermined low range set-point, for example, about 18%, the PLC sends an analog signal to a controller 212 which regulates (increases) the speed of the variable speed exhaust fan 118. If the LFL value exceeds an intermediate range set-point, for example, 25%, the PLC disconnects drive 214 for the chilled roll 102, thus stopping web travel through the dryer-fuser. An upper range LFL set-point, for example, 40% or 50%, may be set whereby in addition to actuation of the exhaust fan 118 and disconnection of drive for chill roll 102, audible alarm 216 is signalled.
Turning briefly to FIG. 1, sensor 42 monitors the position of reverse roller 32. When the reverse roller is not in its operative condition spaced closely adjacent to surface 51 so as to shear excess toner carrier liquid and solids particles from the surface, a signal is sent to PLC 250 (FIG. 3) to disconnect drive 214 for the chilled roll 102 to halt advancement of the web through the dryer.
Although this invention has been described with respect to certain preferred embodiments, it will be appreciated that a wide variety of equivalents may be substituted for those specific elements shown and described herein, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Patent Citations
Non-Patent Citations
Referenced by
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Meatless Monday: It's Not Just About You
Ellen Kanner | Posted 11.10.2012 | Green
Read More: Broccoli, Singapore Noodles, Soda Ban, Obesity, Health, Mayor Bloomerg, Sambal Oelek, Sriracha, Meatless Monday, Green News
I don't believe in pushing my choices on anyone, be it what to eat, who to vote for or what to wear. Shouting at people doesn't work. True, deep, integrated change is only possible when we're ready for it.
Who taught us that winning is worth it at all costs? Instead of spending $119 million on a political campaign why not spend $25 and have the rest of the money go toward serving the public?


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"I chose the scalloped edge which made it even more beautiful. The paper has a metallic or pearlized sheen which is extra nice too. "Christmas Bliss' was the perfect sentiment describing my 5 Grandchildren! And I love that you're able to personal a message and include extra pics on the back"
"I got this card with Red on Red and it turned out great ! The paper stock is really nice quality, as well as the envelopes !"
"I have received more compliments on this Christmas card than any other I've done in the past. I love the paper quality; I prefer matte photo finishes on all of my photos,so not having the "shiny" rectangle was a huge attraction for me. I wish I would have thought to check into personalizing a message on the back of the card also; will try that next year."
"I used a black and white photo, gold foil and a red background behind the Merry Christmas, with a pearl paper. The result is striking! I'm very happy with the result. I am looking forward to sending out my cards this year!"
"Not only am I delighted with the finished product, but pleasantly surprised by the awesome customer service - I felt I was communicating with people who cared -- vs. automated, impersonal systems."


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No matter Bateman and Reynolds make The Change-Up seem a lot better than it is. Each earns a star in my review. The movie would be literally nothing without them. show more
The film is often funny and even more frequently vulgar, exploiting every last chance for raunch in the full-chassis exchange of two grown men. The only thing missing: male nudity. show more
Let's give this ghastly studio comedy a Truthiness in Advertising award, if nothing else. show more
November 16, 2012 nl00000000132980
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2 thumbs
February 17, 2012 aw00000000112866
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December 02, 2011 mirysma
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This movie was an excuse for gratuitous female nudity that didn\'t serve to make the plot any more interesting. As a woman, T and A doesn\'t make me find a movie more enjoyable, and actually only alienates me since there was no male nudity throughout the entirety. The two main characters exhibited nothing but selfish behavior until the last five minutes of the movie, making them totally unlikeable. I\'m glad I didn\'t waste my money at the theater on this one!


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(301): View more from Maryland
the only reason why im excited to go home for break is to finally eat real fucking food and have normal bowel movements.
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the only reason why im excited to go home for break is to finally eat real fucking food and have normal bowel movements.
woke up this morning with a pool of champagne in my purse. apparently i was saving it for later.
I'm buying a pregnancy test with my lunch money. Classy.
All I want to do right now is burp, puke, and fart. In that order.
I just speedwalked down the broken metro escalator while high. Basically all my worst fears combined
We're so high we're finding things in the room to build a submarine with. So far we have two cardboard boxes, a piece of wood, puffy paint, and an empty bottle to use as a periscope.
Just turned elections for the sorority into a drinking game. Right on.
9 of the 12 girls i had sex with in college are on facebook
This last weekend single handedly took me off the liver transplant list
i know, but like... i wanna be a CLASSY i'm-stealing-your-date kind of slutty...
please stop telling ppl youre Alice Cullen when youre drunk
I may or may not be drunk driving a golf cart. Vegaaaassssssss.
I feel like our bond is deeper now that we're both sleeping with married men. now we're really bffls
Went to mcdonalds... Wishing I could throw up the last 20 hours of my life.
this guy just used the pickup line "God must have spent a little more time on you" I recognized the nsync lyric immediately.


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A Boy And His Atom: The World's Smallest Movie
Even nanophysicists need to have a little fun. In that spirit, IBM researchers used a scanning tunneling microscope to move thousands of atoms, all in pursuit of making a movie so small it can only be seen when you magnify it 100 million times.
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text: Carlos Santana with bassist David Brown performing at Woodstock. Tucker Ransom/Getty Images hide caption itoggle caption Tucker Ransom/Getty Images Music Articles 'Oye Como Va' September 25, 2000 Tito Puente's song reached its widest audience when it was released by Santana, helping solidify their place in history as one of the fathers of Latin rock. Listen Loading… Playlist Download Embed Embed Close embed modal <iframe src="http://www.npr.org/player/embed/1111466/88516317" width="100%" height="290" frameborder="0" scrolling="no">


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Yesterday marked the 20th anniversary of the July 22 revolution; a revolution that laid the foundation for an ambitious vision which has continued to trail all sectors of national development. 20 years on, the revolution is still moving on. It all started on the morning of Friday, 22nd July, 1994, a group of patriotic soldiers of the then Gambia National Army, led by a young Lt Yahya AJJ Jammeh, staged a bloodless revolution that changed the misdirected course of history.
The revolution wholly embraced by the young and old, ushered in a change of leadership that Gambians had for a long time been yearning for. Massive developments streamed in within a short period of time and Gambians mobilized in unison to praise the 'soldiers with a difference'. Accountability, transparency and probity were institutionalized, and corruption and nepotism were flushed out of the administration of public affairs. They became the guiding principles of the revolution in manning public affairs.
A new wave of consciousness and awareness among the masses was evidently conspicuous in the political and socio-cultural terrain of the country. Unprecedented developments in the country's political history became the order of the day. In short, a new Gambia was born on July 22.
Suffice it to say, the revolution came into being with a purpose and clearly articulated objectives for self-determination and sustainable development of the country. This revolutionary leadership has demonstrated beyond all reasonable doubts its commitment to the promotion of national identity and unity as well as the improvement of the lives of our people in both the moral and material sense. One needs not much to see the advancement in the political process, economic development, social emancipation and progress, cultural revitalization and promotion that is accompanying the revolution.
For Gambians, the change of government was more than a coup d'état. It was a people-centered revolution. The revolution was borne out of the desire of the masses to free themselves from massive corruption at official level, poverty and underdevelopment, injustice on the part of the political elite and a host of other social ills.
20 years on, the revolutionary leadership did not in any way distance themselves from the core pillars that brought them to administer the affairs of people -accountability, transparency and zero tolerance for corruption, all benchmarks with which a revolutionary government can be measured. Above all, the revolution saw the commencement of projects such as construction of roads, establishment of health facilities, construction of schools, and establishment of the first University Extension Program in the country and subsequently the University of The Gambia in 1999. Apart from the numerous developments registered by the revolution, there is ample evidence to manifest that the revolution has fully incorporated the authority of the people in an everlasting and inclusive manner in governance. The revolution has given the masses a wide scope to achieve self-confidence and to control their political, economic, social and cultural resources. An independent electoral commission is established by the revolution, in addition to a locally architected constitution and revival of the country's judicial system.
Today, the revolutionary government is even more committed to ensuring that The Gambia is transformed into a financial centre, a tourist paradise, a trading, export-oriented agricultural and manufacturing nation, thriving on free market policies and a vibrant private sector, sustained by a well-educated, trained, skilled, healthy, self-reliant and enterprising population and guaranteeing a well-balanced eco-system and a decent standard of living for one and all under a system of government based on the consent of the citizenry.
A change of attitude on the part of the citizenry particularly on the part of our youths is therefore essential to complement the efforts of the government in our development process. It is widely argued that every government is a reflection of its people. Therefore, the extent of popular participation will determine how well a government will serve its people. What we should do now is to continue to manifest a high spirit support and loyalty and be in solidarity with the efforts of the government. Remember, seventeen years has placed us on a greater path to success than ever before in the annals of our history.
This appeal goes more to the youth of the country whom there is no disagreement, are the cream of the society and who must be in the vanguard for its sustainable development. We launch this appeal to the youth of the country keeping in mind the development opportunities ushered in by the July 22 revolution and the so called 'nerves syndrome' crippling the very fabric of our society. It is our philosophical position that man owes his claim of supremacy over other members of the living kingdom to his power of imagination. This he translates into action by means of some physical aids. These take the form of machines and a horde of other forms of equipment. In order to reach this point, however, he required specialized skills that have evolved over time.
In virtually everything we do we employ some form of skills. The first world actually developed through skills training. Advanced countries are in fact advanced only simply because they outshine the rest of the world in the skills they use to put up all the domineering structures that we use today as yardstick in measuring development.
For instance, it took the Wright brothers some form of skills to assemble that historic aircraft that would revolutionize the transport industry generations to come. Nonetheless, emerging trends show an unequivocal obsession for white-collar jobs. And this weighs down, with catastrophic consequences, our inclinations to skills related professions. However, all indications are that sight has not been lost of this fact. The revolution for instance is cognizant of the importance of a skill-based society, which has the potential to ensure uninterruptible supply of our development needs.
There is a great lot to point at in the ever enlivening crusade of uplifting the status of the youth of this country. The establishment of indispensable institutions like the National Youth Council, the National Youth Service Scheme etc, etc, as well as the increasing weight of support being exerted by government towards realizing these goals, by increasing youth representation at all levels of decision making, are all indications of the readiness of the leadership of this country. But all these giant efforts will remain insignificant if the youth folk themselves do not take ownership of the institutions being built for them. The youth form the core treasure of a nation. An enterprising youth population accelerates its nation's development processes. On the contrary, a dependent youth population is a burden; it hinders progress, and contributes to the shaping of a failed state. This is surely not what we want to settle down for. A dependable and reliable skill is very important for one's livelihood. It is worth emphasizing as well that there is an enviable chunk of our youth folk that are keen to grab the opportunity being offered by government, but the larger society's input is also fervently desired.


text: The Monks at the Monastery make a delicious fudge. It is creamy and so full of delicious flavor. The monastery is in a lovely setting and just perfect for a drive out in the country. Buy some of their fudge, and give some as a gift. The receiver will definitely thank you for your thoughtfulness... read more


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3 Great Ways to Exfoliate Tired, Dry Skin!
Ugh dry skin, possibly my biggest beauty woe!
Here a few ways to get rough elbows, knees, and other dry bits soft and smooth again!
Ugh dry skin, possibly my biggest beauty woe!
Here a few ways to get rough elbows, knees, and other dry bits soft and smooth again!
'ello there!
I think owe some of you a major apology. I recently raved the Burt's Bees Premium Grab Bags that were on sale for $24.99. Now it's been years since I've seen this but was every so delighted they were back again. I ordered three bags total, one for myself, one for my sis, and one for my friend Sue.
The last time I ordered there bags had to be 2 or 3 years back and at the time I was simply delighted with all the goodies they included which far exceeded the $25 price tag but this year I got my order and was very, very disappointed. I hope those of you who ordered weren't too disappointed by the bag which is why I owe you each an apology if you were as I recommended this assuming they'd be as good as year's past and sadly…they just weren't.
Jump ahead for a brief babble, photos, and find out what was in my Burt's Bees Grab Bag. Who knows maybe after reading this you MIGHT want to purchase one.Read More...
Holy cow it's been AGES since Burt's Bees Premium Grab Bags have been available! My best friend in England used to have me purchase like 10 of these and airmail them to her, yes they are that good a deal.
What are they?
Jump!Read More...
Happy Earth Day chicklets!
Earth Day is a day to appreciate and raise awareness about the Earth's environment. What better way to appreciate both the environment and ourselves than with a round up exciting products with green friendly packaging and ingredients.
How are you celebrating Earth Day?
Jump for a peep at some fun Earth Day Beauty Picks!Read More...
Click ahead to hear more.
Although it promises a gentle, effective cleaning I got more of a drying, tightness from it after use. Cleansing soap bark and healing aloe vera are promised to moisturize and soften my skin while removing makeup and dirt but for the most part it ended up drying my face out further than it already was and making it uncomfortably tight.
The rich, opaque cream lathers up nicely has a soothing, herbal scent and removes makeup well enough (just the standard fair such as foundation, a bit of blush, etc…) but sadly doesn't do much for my dry skin. If you're oily this may be an ideal cleanser for you especially considering it did wonders for my shiny forehead but sadly if you sport dry skin best skip this one as it won't lend any favors to those that already sport dryness.


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Type: Posts; User: MaximCross; Keyword(s):
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March 20th, 2011
SketchBook: Drawing Skeletons.
These days I've been drawing people, well ... their skeletons or at least I try:
March 5th, 2011
SketchBook: Sketchbook February 2011.
Hello again!
This time I have some more recent sketches to display. Although so far I've only done loosening-up exercises, for better control of the pencil.
These are some drawings I did last...
February 9th, 2011
SketchBook: Máximo's Sketchbook.
n n - Hi everyone! My name is Luis, (Máximo is my surname) I'm from México and this is my first post.
First of all, excuse my low level of English, will try to write my best.
Several months ago...
Results 1 to 3 of 3


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Baked Spanish Omelette
6 Sep 2010
|10 Ounce, diced (300 Gram)
|4 Ounce, diced (125 Gram)
|4 Ounce (Fresh / Frozen / Canned, 125 Gram)
|Sunflower oil
|1⁄2 Teaspoon
|1 Small, thinly sliced
|Red pepper
|1 Small, cut into thin strips
|Black olives
|12 , stoned
|4 , well beaten
|Skimmed milk
|7 Fluid Ounce (200 Milliliter)
|Chopped fresh thyme
|1 Teaspoon (5 Milliliter)
|1⁄2 Teaspoon
|1 Clove (5 gm), crushed
|2 Large, thinly sliced
|Cheddar cheese
|1 1⁄2 Ounce, grated (40 Gram)
1. Cover the potatoes and carrots with plenty of water, bring to the boil and simmer gently for 10 minutes. If using fresh sweetcorn, add to the potatoes and carrots for the last 4-5 minutes. Drain and set aside.
2. Lightly oil an 8 inch (20cm) round dish. Put in the potatoes, carrots and sweetcorn. Cover with slices of courgette and pepper, and the olives.
3. Mix together the eggs, milk, thyme, paprika and garlic. Season and then pour over the vegetable mixture. Cover with slices of tomato and grated cheese.
4. Bake in a preheated oven at Gas Mark 5,375°F, 190°C for 45 minutes or until golden brown and set. Serve hot.
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Baked Spanish Omelette Recipe


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'The Joker' arrested, believed to be behind Naples' IronStone Bank heist
NAPLES - "This is no joke."
That was the infamous line used by Steven Gregory Gass in the early 1990s as he handed a note to a bank teller and demanded large bills, police reports say.
After serving more than eight years in federal prison for those bank heists, authorities say the 55-year-old's habits apparently haven't changed since his release.
Gass was arrested on Tuesday in connection with several bank robberies, including one in Naples. Gass is believed to be responsible for a string of bank robberies in Miami-Dade, Broward, Palm Beach and Collier counties since 2005.
In the early 90's they called him "The Joker," according to a Miami Herald story, for his infamous note. Now they call him "The Old Man Bandit."
Whatever the moniker, authorities believe Gass was connected to the IronStone Bank robbery in Naples on Feb. 16. The bank was empty, no words were exchanged and Gass escaped on foot without a trace.
"Shortly after the bank robbery itself, it was determined this person was probably responsible for a string of bank robberies on the east coast of Florida," said Naples police department spokesman Michael Herman.
Naples detectives showed a photo lineup to the IronStone employees, who were able identify Gass as the person they believed robbed the bank.
Shortly after receiving an anonymous tip on Tuesday, Coral Gables police arrested Gass on two counts of bank robbery. Gass could face 20 years behind bars.
Among their evidence — a dye pack found in a Burger King restaurant near Gass' home and testimony from his girlfriend, according to the Miami Herald.
"We're certainly happy he was caught," Herman said.
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Then when I went to Zurich and saw pictures of myself in the newspaper, it was surreal.
When the fans and journalists arrived at Zurich International Airport, we had no idea what Microsoft had planned.
The Cristina Yang we met ten years ago would have had no problem leaving to run a prestigious hospital in Zurich.
German Zürich, ultimately from Celtic root *dur- "water."
Largest city in Switzerland, situated in the northern part of the country.
Note: The country's commercial hub and the intellectual center of the German-speaking part of Switzerland, Zurich is known as a world banking center.


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Click on a thumbnail to go to Google Books.
The Ascent of Rum Doodle (original 1956; edition 2003)
by W. E. Bowman
Work details
The Ascent of Rum Doodle by W. E. Bowman (1956)
No current Talk conversations about this book.
not my kind of thing
A classic British comic novel about a shambolic Himalayan mountaineering expedition, - perhaps a forgotten classic. I didn't know it wasn't well-known until I read Bill Bryson's introduction. He compares it with Diary of a Nobody - the narrator is similarly incompetent, though perhaps marginally less pompous. (There's an awful lot happening, so less time to be so.) There's also a touch of Goonish / Pythonesque surrealism and a dash of Ealing charm. And quite a lot of comic repetition. The local sherpas may have been given silly names, but they have personalities just as strong as the Brits and are in many cases more competent. There are also various awkward goings on with their trade union, echoing British films of the era like It's All Right Jack. Knowing the kind of memoirs being parodied may make this funnier, but plenty of reviewers say they enjoyed this regardless of familiarity with climbing books or the sport itself.
I enjoyed this in much the same way as I enjoy old comedy films: sometimes laughing at it, sometimes laughing involuntarily (which is always a nice and strange experience) and sometimes laughing at the idea that people were supposed to find some things funny (which ends up coming across as horribly smug when I describe it but, it's also a kind of simultaneous empathy for past viewers whilst rolling my eyes at the over-seriousness of and quite understanding the views of modern critics of, for example, national stereotypes.) It made me think about 70s farces, though it's more innocent. There is a lot of repetition in the humour, which sometimes got tiresome but more often than not sparked unexpected, involuntary laughter.
Explaining humour - now that is like dancing about architecture.
Enjoyment was marred by having spent too much time on reader-review sites and frequently imagining whilst reading that they would be full of posts complaining about dated humour and implying terrible things about people who still liked it. It turned out that most of the reviewers, on Goodreads especially, rather liked Rum Doodle. I was also wrong in thinking that the book wouldn't be much fun unless you'd at least read a few mountaineering memoirs - it seems that people with no connection with climbing literature or the sport have enjoyed it.
Until reading Bill Bryson's introduction, I'd always shared his assumption that the book was a modern classic - but that's because it was a cult classic among mountaineers, and my parents were mountaineers in their youth. Whereas I was unfamiliar with Diary of a Nobody other than the mere title; Bryson's comparison made me read that, and what a find it was. I'd definitely re-read the Grossmith though not so readily this one.
Read 3-4 Dec 2013
It is difficult to sustain parody through the length of a novel, even a short (171 pages) one such as The Ascent of Rum Doodle. Yet W. E. Bowman's subtle humor seldom palls and indeed the book grows funnier the further one reads.
The Ascent of Rum Doodle purports to be a report of a British mountain-climbing expedition, and the tone is perfect. Although it was published not long after the conquest of Everest by Sir Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay, it is said to have been inspired by an earlier account of an expedition that took place in the 1930s, and indeed has more of the flavor of that earlier time. The account of the struggles of the climbers to learn the use of their radio sets, and their arguments about using oxygen, seem to belong more to the 30s than the 50s (and are extremely funny as well!)
It is not at all necessary to have climbed a mountain or taken part in any sort of expedition to chuckle frequently and occasionally laugh heartily at this book. Bill Bryson, one of the funniest writers working today, says in his Introduction to this edition that it is "one of the funniest books you will ever read," and I can't disagree. It's well deserving of a place in the Comedy category of the Guardian's 1000 Novels Everyone Must Read.
Boring and not funny.
A flawed masterpiece. Does for climbing what 'Three Men in a Boat' does for boating.
References to this work on external resources.
Wikipedia in English (1)
Amazon.com Product Description (ISBN 071266808X, Paperback)
First published in 1956, The Ascent of Rum Doodle quickly became a mountaineering classic. As an outrageously funny spoof about the ascent of a peak in the Himalayas, many thought it was inspired by the 1953 conquest of Everest. But Bowman had drawn on the flavor and tone of earlier adventures, of Bill Tilman and his 1937 account of the Nandi Devi expedition. The book's central and unforgettable character, Binder, is one of the finest creations in comic literature.
(retrieved from Amazon Thu, 12 Mar 2015 17:58:07 -0400)
A funny spoof about the ascent of a 40,000-and-a-half-foot peak. Many thought on first publication in 1956, that it was inspired by the conquest of Everest in 1953. Bowman had in fact drawn on the earlier adventures of Bill Tilman and his 1937 Nandi Devi expedition.… (more)
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