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Press release from Marketwire
Lake Shore Gold Discovers New Mineralization 850 Metres South of Thunder Creek Along TC-144 Trend
Monday, January 21, 2013
Lake Shore Gold Discovers New Mineralization 850 Metres South of Thunder Creek Along TC-144 Trend14:57 EST Monday, January 21, 2013TORONTO, ONTARIO--(Marketwire - Jan. 21, 2013) - Lake Shore Gold Corp. (TSX:LSG)(NYSE Amex:LSG)(NYSE MKT:LSG)Intersections in new area of mineralization 850 m south of Thunder Creek in 144 Gap include 13.54 grams per tonne ("gpt") over 2.0 metres ("m") and 6.07 gpt over 3.0 m Plunge length of 144 North mineralization doubled to depth of 800 m New, shallow mineralization intersected at 144 South, including 14.76 gpt over 3.0 m, 12.60 gpt over 1.3 m, 4.06 gpt over 7.6 m and 5.69 gpt over 4.7 mEncouraging results from initial drilling of large syenite stock southeast of Thunder Creek Deposit.Lake Shore Gold Corp. ("Lake Shore Gold" or the "Company") today announced the results from 35 holes and two extension holes totalling 27,411 m drilled as part of the Company's 2012 exploration program at its 144 Property, adjacent to the Thunder Creek Deposit at Timmins West Mine. The 35 holes, and one of the extension holes, were designed to test the southwest extension of the TC-144 alteration zone from Thunder Creek in 3 main areas including the 144 Gap, 144 North and 144 South areas. One extension hole was drilled to test the down plunge extension of a large syenite stock located immediately south of Thunder Creek with strong similarities to the syenite stock at the Thunder Creek Deposit.Tony Makuch, President and CEO of Lake Shore Gold, commented: "The results from recent drilling at 144 highlight the significant potential to continue to grow and expand the Timmins West Mine operation, including exploring the gap between Thunder Creek and 144 as well as the 144 North and South Zones. Based on the latest results, we have discovered new areas of mineralization in the 144 Gap 850 metres south of Thunder Creek, doubled the depth of known mineralization at 144 North and intersected new mineralization at 144 South. We have also gained important new information regarding controls for the mineralization and identified large syenite stocks at both the 144 North and 144 South areas which are similar to that found at Thunder Creek. The information we are gaining is very valuable and provides encouragement that the large mineralized systems that we are exploring along the six kilometre long TC-144 trend will in time contribute to the continued strong growth in resources at our Timmins West Mine operation."Drilling in the 144 Gap included five holes and one extension hole (5,456 m) drilled within a 1.6 km strike length along the TC-144 trend between the 144 North Zone and the Thunder Creek Deposit. The most significant intercepts from this drilling include 13.54 gpt over 2.0 m and 6.07 gpt over 3.0 m in Hwy-12-40, which crosses the TC-144 Trend approximately 850 metres south of the Thunder Creek Deposit at an elevation of 700 metres below surface. The new intersection is closely associated with strong hydrothermal alteration and narrow bands of syenite, increased concentrations of quartz and pyrite. Preliminary interpretation suggests that this intersection reflects the top of a new syenite body similar to that found at Thunder Creek and 144 North. This intersection, along with previously released hole TC10-85A with 8.07 gpt over 2.1 m (press release dated July 26, 2011), illustrates the extension of the favourable Thunder Creek structure through the largely unexplored 144 Gap area and with drillhole intersections showing features favourable to host significant mineralization.Drilling at 144 North included 16 holes (12,514 m) which were designed to extend previously identified zones to depth. Among key intersections, all between 150 - 300 m elevations, were 3.59 gpt over 7.5 m, including 11.84 gpt over 1.5 m and 8.93 gpt over 1.0 m, in Hwy-11-14 and 3.36 gpt over 5.3 m and 6.90 gpt over 1.5 m in HWY-11-17. Additional significant intersections between 350 - 900 m elevations include: 5.10 gpt over 3.0 m, including 10.35 gpt over 1.0 m, and 3.33 gpt over 6.9 m, including 10.18 gpt over 1.7 m, in Hwy-12-43; 1.02 gpt over 51.7 m and 5.14 gpt over 3.0 m in Hwy-11-19; and 1.02 gpt over 27.5 m, including 6.24 gpt over 2.5 m, and 1.00 gpt over 46.0 m, including 2.36 gpt over 10.0 m and also including 11.35 gpt over 1.0 m, in Hwy-11-20.The intersection in Hwy-12-43 at 900 m elevation is the deepest drilled in this area to date. Based on observations from drill core, mineralization in this area is contained in a series of lenses which occur on the upper and lower contacts of a large syenite stock. The overall plunge of the stock appears to vary between 60 to 65 degrees NE towards Thunder Creek. As with mineralization at Thunder Creek, the better zones of mineralization are often closely associated with strong hematite alteration and increased pyrite and quartz vein content.Drilling at 144 South includes 14 holes (8,900 m) covering an 1,000 m strike length along the projected TC-144 trend to a maximum vertical depth of 550 m. Significant intersects include: 12.60 gpt over 1.3 m and 1.30 gpt over 57.7 m, including 4.06 gpt over 7.6 m, in Hwy-11-28; 202.00 gpt over 0.30 m in Hwy-11-30; 2.01 gpt over 41.7 m, including 14.76 gpt over 3.0 m and 3.82 gpt over 5.6 m, in Hwy-12-45; and 5.69 gpt over 4.7 m in Hwy-12-42. Most of the significant assay values obtained to date are located in the northeast portion of a 600 m long hydrothermal alteration zone where, like 144 North, it has been intruded by a syenite stock. The best mineralization identified to date is between 300 and 450 m below surface and is closely associated with the northeast tip of the stock. The projected plunge of the stock is steep to the northeast and remains untested to depth.Three holes (HWY-12-34 to 36) were drilled as step-outs along strike of the above intercepts to test for shallow mineralization up to 500 m to the southwest. All holes intersected zones of strong hydrothermal alteration and bleaching up to 200 m thick.In addition to the above, a short extension hole was also drilled to test the depth potential of a large syenite stock located approximately 500 m south of Thunder Creek. The stock is considered to have strong similarities to rocks hosting the Thunder Creek Deposit but has had limited exploration to date. Results of the recent program showed strongly anomalous gold assays near both the upper and lower contacts of the stock which are considered very positive for future potential.The most recent drill program at 144 was completed late in 2012. The main focus of future drilling will be to test the projected down plunge extensions of newly identified mineralization at the 144 Gap and South areas.Quality ControlThe Qualified Person ("QP") for Lake Shore Gold's drill program at the Highway 144 property is Kara Byrnes, P.Geo. who, as a QP, has prepared or supervised the preparation of the scientific or technical information for the property and verified the data disclosed in this press release. Ms. Byrnes is an employee of Lake Shore Gold.Lake Shore Gold has implemented a quality-control program to ensure best practice in the sampling and analysis of the drill core. Assays have been completed using a standard fire assay with a 30-gram aliquot. For samples that return a value greater than 10 grams per tonne gold, the sample is fire assayed with a gravimetric finish. Select zones with visible gold are tested by pulp metallic analysis. NQ size drill core is saw cut and half the drill core is sampled in standard intervals. The remaining half of the core is stored in a secure location. The drill core is transported in security sealed bags for preparation at ALS Minerals Preparation facility located in Timmins, ON, and the pulps are subsequently shipped to the ALS Minerals assay laboratory facility in Val d'Or, Quebec or in North Vancouver, B.C for fire assay. These ALS Minerals facilities are all registered ISO 9001-2008 (CERT-0051527). The Val d'Or assay laboratory is SCC ISO/IEC 17025:2005 Accredited (#689) and the North Vancouver, BC assay laboratory is also SCC ISO/IEC 17025:2005 Accredited (#579).About Lake Shore GoldLake Shore Gold is a mine development and operating company that is in production and pursuing rapid growth through the advancement of three wholly owned, multi-million ounce gold complexes in the Timmins Gold Camp. The Company is in production at both the Timmins West and Bell Creek mines, with material being delivered for processing to the Bell Creek Mill. The Company continues to have an active drilling program aimed at supporting current operations and evaluating high-priority exploration targets around the Timmins Camp. The Company's common shares trade on the TSX and NYSE MKT under the symbol LSG.FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTSCertain statements in this press release relating to the Company's expected production levels, production growth, exploration activities, potential for increasing resources, project expenditures and business plans are "forward-looking statements" or "forward-looking information" within the meaning of certain securities laws, including under the provisions of Canadian provincial securities laws and under the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and are referred to herein as "forward-looking statements." The Company does not intend, and does not assume any obligation, to update these forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements represent management's best judgment based on current facts and assumptions that management considers reasonable, including that operating and capital plans will not be disrupted by issues such as mechanical failure, unavailability of parts, labour disturbances, interruption in transportation or utilities, or adverse weather conditions, that there are no material unanticipated variations in budgeted costs, that contractors will complete projects according to schedule, and that actual mineralization on properties will be consistent with models and will not be less than identified mineral reserves. The Company makes no representation that reasonable business people in possession of the same information would reach the same conclusions. Forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which may cause the actual results, performance or achievements of the Company to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. In particular, delays in development or mining and fluctuations in the price of gold or in currency markets could prevent the Company from achieving its targets. Readers should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. More information about risks and uncertainties affecting the Company and its business is available in the Company's most recent Annual Information Form and other regulatory filings with the Canadian Securities Administrators, which are posted on sedar at www.sedar.com, or the Company's most recent Annual Report on Form 40-F and other regulatory filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.NumberThunder CK Section No.Hole DepthFrom (m)To (m)Interval (m)Grade (gpt)CommentTarget ZoneHWY-11-137850663403.20403.800.64.71144 North458.00458.600.63.79HWY-11-14777556623.0036.0013.00.50144 North149.00155.006.01.05159.00166.507.53.59incl.164.00165.501.511.84VG180.00181.001.03.16211.00236.0025.00.69incl.220.15222.152.02.37and incl.235.00236.001.04.95333.00334.001.08.93HWY-11-157750633373.50386.9013.40.94144 Northincl.379.50381.502.02.97or379.50380.000.56.42HWY-11-177925743276.902188.8.131.52144 Northincl.280.00281.501.56.90HWY-11-187850752557.50558.050.64.17144 NorthHWY-11-198000905366.85418.5051.71.02144 Northincl.366.85371.504.73.28472.50478.005.51.02incl.472.50473.501.02.97705.50708.503.05.14HWY-11-207900878548.00575.5027.51.02144 Northincl.563.00565.502.56.24638.50684.5046.01.00incl.638.50639.501.06.83and incl.654.50664.5010.02.36and incl.683.50684.501.011.35HWY-11-237740605101.00102.001.04.16144 North155.00176.0021.01.00incl.161.00163.002.05.07301.00302.001.03.76321.60322.601.05.79HWY-11-247800540185.50198.0012.51.27144 Northincl.189.00190.501.54.35incl.197.00198.001.05.24HWY-11-257740440137.50140.002.52.42144 North154.50166.5012.02.38incl.160.00160.700.721.10172.00173.001.04.11344.50345.501.04.69HWY-11-268050789459.00460.501.57.42144 North478.00485.507.51.00529.00539.0010.00.71776.50782.005.52.47incl.780.00781.001.07.82Number Thunder CK Section No.Hole DepthFrom (m)To (m)Interval (m)Grade (gpt)CommentTarget ZoneHWY-11-2780501053577.00587.3010.31.01144 Northincl.577.00579.002.03.36699.50700.501.03.66HWY-11-286950645316.30317.601.312.60VG144 South436.70494.4057.71.30incl.468.00471.803.83.97and incl.484.90492.507.64.06VGHWY-11-2981251123757.80758.801.08.99HWY-11-307200602412.20412.500.3202.00144 SouthHWY-11-336800801480.10491.6511.62.01144 Southincl.480.10481.101.018.60HWY-12-356400599143.00143.800.85.07144 South197.80198.300.55.95HWY-12-378450963722.0723.01.03.25Gap Area830.5822.214.171.124incl.831.08188.8.131.52HWY-12-386950995626.5627.00.54.44144 Southincl.674.16184.108.40.206HWY-12-4086501076803.0822.214.171.124Gap Areaincl.803.0806.03.06.07and incl.838.1840.12.013.54HWY-12-426950444181.0182.01.04.58144 South228.0232.04.03.41369.0396.027.01.64incl.378.0318.104.22.168HWY-12-4381501290996.21003.16.93.33144 Northincl.1001.41003.11.710.18VG1036.31039.33.05.10incl.1038.31039.31.010.35HWY-12-446920467363.0413.050.01.05144 Southincl.369.0373.04.02.76and incl.381.0386.05.02.76and incl.407.0408.01.012.90HWY-12-456920577393.9435.641.72.01144 Southincl.400.0403.03.014.76VGand incl.430.04188.8.131.52436.9422.214.171.124HWY-12-476950693465.5489.724.21.03144 Southincl.487.54220.127.116.11TC05-21EXT9365541461.5462.00.52.88Syenite808.0809.01.02.70StockNotes: 1) Holes HWY-11-16, HWY-11-21, HWY-11-22, HWY-12-31, HWY-12-32, HWY-12-34, HWY-12-36, HWY-12-39, HWY-12-41, HWY-12-46, and TC04-08EXT had no significant intercepts.2) True widths are not reported at this time.3) Assay results are reported uncut.To view "Figure 1. Plan Map", please visit the following link: http://media3.marketwire.com/docs/LAKEfig120.pdf. To view "Figure 2. 3D View", please visit the following link: http://media3.marketwire.com/docs/LAKEfig220.pdf. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION PLEASE CONTACT: Contact Information: Lake Shore Gold Corp.Tony MakuchPresident & CEO(416) firstname.lastname@example.com Shore Gold Corp.Mark UttingVice-President, Investor Relations(416) firstname.lastname@example.com


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Austin Chamney is a web developer
at the Esri (a Geographical Information System software company).
This website showcases of all of his
work, skills, certifications and achievements. This site is also a test bed
for different technologies that are up and coming in industry.
At the moment, this site is running via quickforms, which is an application framework
designed to help rapidly develop data entry applications.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
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Wnag, Songping (2011)
Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of Sprouty1, a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor in prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis., Vol.14, No.4 (2011): 279-285. Darimipourain M, Songping Wang, M. Ittmann, Bernard Kwabi-Addo.
Wolf, Dominik (2011)
Reevaluation of Siwalik hipparions. (Abstr.) Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, SVP Program and Abstracts Book 2011. Dominik Wolf, Raymond L. Bernor, and S. Taseer Hussain.
Wolf, Dominik (2012)
Osteoderm histology of the Pampatheriidae (Cingulata, Xenarthra, Mammalia): Implications for systematics, osteoderm growth, and biomechanical adaptation. J Morphol., Vol.273, No.4 (2012): 388-404. [Epub ahead of print]. Dominik Wolf, DC Kalthoff, PM Sander.
Wolf, Dominik (2012)
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Woods, Alfreda (2012)
Helicobacter pylori protection against reflux esophagitis. Dig Dis Sci., Vol.57, No.11 (Nov 2012): 2924-2928. Hassan Ashktorab1, O. Entezari, Mehdi Nouraie1, E. Dowlati, Wayne Frederick1, Alfreda Woods1, Edward Lee1, Hassan Brim2, Duane T. Smoot1, Firoozeh Ghadyar, Farin Kamangar, Hadieh Razjouyan.
Woods, DR (2011)
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Since the old thread for this was closed a short time ago when it hit 2000 post. I wanted to get the ball rolling again. Here we go:
I'm listening to the Star Wars sound tracks, I have them all loaded into my iPod and have them playing in order so I can enjoy the entire saga.


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1080i Bug with Component Video Output 6150
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Re: 1080i Bug with Component Video Output 6150
Well, my overscan is a bit more off the screen... i can *guess* at where to find the drop-downs in the menu bar on gnome (top bar on mine), and the alt-tab can flip through the windows fine, but the Myth setup menus have check-boxes that are off the side (left) and I'd have to resize the desktop to see them (i.e. I have no idea if the openGL is enabled until i resize it). The Myth setting to resize/shift the TV output only applies to the actual TV signal, not the menus that must run in full screen.
But it would be nice for all applications if the screen size fit my viewable screen... I tried to resize the display in the 'service mode' on the TV, but the convergence is so messed up past the edges I don't want to bring it in any more.
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60/6 Cafe project, Or, be glad you didn't find this on YOUR project
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Joined: Apr 2008
Location: Road Island
Oddometer: 6,054
Plusses and Minusses
So we got the bike home, I have to get back to work, and figure out a way to tell the fam damly that I will probably be rarely seen in the evening for some time in the future
I am thinking to myself that I have this wonderful /2 that is gorgeous, runs perfectly, I can take a nice ride anytime I want, and, I will just take this nice and slow....... The home addition is finished (or at least finished enough that we can live in it and it doesn't glare at me anymore). So let's take a look at the scorecard......
+ + + + + + + +
(plus signs)
1. It's a BMW.
2. Most parts seem to be there.
3. Tires hold air.
guess that's about it........
- - - - - - - - - -
(minus signs)
1. Bike has had no visible maintenance.
2. Bike has sat for some time, haven't a clue how long
3. Haven't a clue whether it will run
4. Everything that can leak oil, leaks oil
5. Some things that shouldn't leak oil, leak oil
6. Everything that is rubber is rotten
......a. Tires
......b. Fork boots
......c. Cable ends
7. Everything that is paint is sunburned
......a. Tank top is down to green primer just from sun
......b. Front fender top and sides
......c. Rear fender sides
8. Everything that is (was) chrome is rusted and pitted
......a. Handlebars look like crap
......b. Tank fill cap has chrome blisters, worse than crap!
......c. Turn signal stalks, seat trim, fender trim, etc.
......d. Exhaust system is a nice rust color, every single piece
9. Seat pan is rusted
10. Instrument pod
.......a. Missing tach needle
.......b. Both glass covers falling-off loose
.......c. Who knows if it works!
Etc etc etc etc etc
You get the picture... lots of work, but first have to find out if there is anything there to work with.........
Plan of attack is to find a battery so that I can turn it over to see if compression is OK. Need something more than this:
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XS650 becomes a VT BackRoadRunner
Loving the 80ST
I love projects that take twice as much effort as should be needed. Should be an Airhead motto. (disston)
bpeckm screwed with this post 07-17-2008 at
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In celebration of SAM's opening of "The Treasures of Kenwood House, London," we welcome special guest author/artist Marsha Glaziere to share a brief presentation and signing!
Join us on Valentine's Day evening for a Poetry Open Mic in our Cafe. Stand up and read your own poetry or something by your favorite poet.


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I understand that, at least to this point, those interested in Professor Ralph Hancock's recent article in the wonderful monthly magazine First Things cannot access it unless they're subscribers. And the printed version (in the March issue) hasn't yet appeared.
Here, with Professor Hancock's kind permission, is the penultimate paragraph of his article. It gives some sense of the article's general thesis:
BYU's distinctive mission has already been seriously compromised by indulging the illusion that we can accept without reservation the understanding of humanity that is implicit in the academic mainstream. A cultivation of alternative intellectual frameworks open to our essential religious commitments is urgently needed if the currents of contemporary intellectual culture are not to carry the university irreversibly away from distinctive religious moorings. Leadership as courageous and perseverant as it is wise will be required over the next generation to meet the challenge of the secularization of the academic world. We may not want the culture wars, but they want us. To pretend to neutrality in today's moral and intellectual environment is in effect to endorse the ascendant secular and reductionist orthodoxy.
I very much share Dr. Hancock's concerns.
Posted from Waikoloa, Hawai'i


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Sun, 05/07/15, 19:00 Wulfrun Hall
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Mitre Fold, North Street, WV1 1RQ WOLVERHAMPTON
Alt rock legends The Wonder Stuff will be touring the UK in 2015.
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West midlands legends The Wonder Stuff gained a significant following in the late 1980s with two critically acclaimed albums, 'The Eight Legged Groove Machine' and 'Hup'. Mainstream chart success followed with their third album in 1991, which included the hits 'the size of a cow', and 'dizzy' performed with Vic Reeves. The band split in 1994, but after a seven year sabbatical, they reformed and continue to play their old numbers, along with new material.


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Swiss And Frank Pie
8 Jul 2009
Swiss And Frank Pie is something I love to prepare. This Swiss and Frank Pie is quite a deal to serve on special occassions. Just check out the recipeof the yummy and juicy Swiss and Frank Pie.
|9 inch unbaked pastry shell
|Chopped onion
|1⁄4 Cup (4 tbs) (Fresh Or Frozen)
|1 Tablespoon
|Thinly sliced frankfurters
|2 Cup (32 tbs) (About 5 To 6 Frankfurters)
|Shredded process swiss cheese
|1 Cup (16 tbs) (About 4 Ounces)
|Slightly beaten eggs
|1 1⁄2 Cup (24 tbs)
|Dry mustard
|1 Teaspoon
|1⁄2 Teaspoon
|Ground nutmeg
|1⁄4 Teaspoon
|1 Dash
Preheat oven to 450°.
Bake pastry shell at 450° just till lightly browned, about 7 minutes.
Remove from oven.
Reduce oven temperature to 325°.
Meanwhile, in a small skillet cook onion in butter or margarine till tender but not brown.
Place sliced frankfurters, shredded Swiss cheese, and cooked onion in baked pastry shell.
In bowl combine eggs, milk, dry mustard, salt, ground nutmeg, and pepper.
Pour egg mixture over frankfurter cheese mixture.
Bake pie at 325° till almost set in the center, 35 to 40 minutes.
Let set 10 to 15 minutes before serving.
Cut into wedges.
Serves 6.
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Swiss And Frank Pie Recipe


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Thursday, November 17, 2011
Time Turning
"Mom? Did you know in Harry Potter there's a Time Turner where you can go to other times?"
"Where would you go if you had a Time Turner, Bob?"
"I would go right to my birthday."
"But then you'd miss Christmas and Hannukah."
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"Mom? The Time Turner isn't real."
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He gets us coming and going. Every time.ReplyDelete
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Fault tolerant systems allow continuous service during the occurrence of a hardware failure. To provide such service, usually dual copies of data are stored in case of a hardware failure affecting the original copy. This dual copying causes the system an overall performance degradation. The present invention discloses a device and method for performing parallel fetch and store commands, allowing multiple copying of data into storage without affecting the performance of the system. In one embodiment of the invention, a method is described utilizing a multiprocessor system having two system controllers (SCs) and a plurality of requestors defined as a plurality of central processors (CPs) and input-output (I/O) processors. Asymmetric structure is accomodated. Single and dual requests can be intermixed. Each requestor has access to both system controllers, allowing either controller to process a requestor issued command. An interlocking data protection mechanism is also provided to protect data integrity by allowing requestors data access to a given unit of data only on a one at a time basis. Data exclusivity ownership access to a given unit of data is being provided by and removed by the system controllers. When a command is issued by one of the requestors, the system controllers process the command and provide the requestor with a response upon processing completion. In the mean time, the requestor can perform any required data updates. This concurrent processing improves the performance of the system but also protects its integrity.
1. In a multiprocessor system with at least one memory unit, having at least two memory controllers and a plurality of input-output (I/O) processors, each of I/O processors being defined as a requestor, a method of concurrently allowing parallel fetch and store commands, comprising the steps of:
performing an initialization step during which separate portions in said memory unit are set aside, each portion being designated to each of said memory controllers for its use;
storing physical addresses of each said memory portion in a logic array in said memory unit so that said memory portions can be accessed at any time;
protecting data stored in each of said memory portions by an interlocking data protection mechanism so that only one of said requestors can access said data previously stored at any one time, said interlocking data protection mechanism providing an exclusivity ownership access status for said unit of data so that it can only be accessed and used only by one requestor at any one time;
selecting one of said memory controllers as a primary controller and said other remaining memory controller as a secondary memory controller, said selection being identified in a configuration array associated with each of said requestors;
said primary memory controller performing cross interrogation services and then synchronizing with said secondary memory controller as to ensure data integrity as well as keeping said same exclusive ownership for their assigned data;
allowing each of said memory controller process a fetch or a store request issued by said requestors concurrently, said memory controllers accessing data stored in their respective designated memory portion;
both of said memory controllers signalling a response to said requestor upon processing completion;
said requestor waiting to receive both a first response message and any data requested from said primary memory and a second response message from said secondary memory controller; and
said memory controllers removing said exclusivity ownership status upon said requestor's receipt of said processing completion response.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step relating to said interlocking data protection mechanism further comprises providing exclusivity data having an exclusivity bit;
maintaining said exclusivity data by said memory controllers to reflect any said exclusive ownership access held by one of said requestors; and
determining existence of said exclusive ownership access by allowing said primary memory controller to execute all cross interrogations.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein said step relating to said interlocking data protection mechanism further comprises the steps of contacting any previous requestor owner still having exclusive ownership in order to remove said exclusivity ownership;
said previous owner acknowledging said ownership removal request after receiving status requests from both said memory controllers about its original exclusivity request;
said memory controllers removing said exclusive ownership access by altering said exclusively bit and data when an exclusive fetch command is requested; and
said memory controllers removing previous ownership by altering said exclusively bit and data after all copies of any new data are stored when multiple copies are to be stored, but before any other requestor can have access to said central data containing said new data.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein said requestor is a central processor and each of said memory controllers process said store request command from a store stack before signalling said response upon store processing completion;
each of said memory controllers signalling receipt of said store data to a central processor which in turn will notify said requestor;
making said receipt visible during cross interrogation process; and
said central processor removing any exclusivity ownership status after receiving primary service controller's request for removing any exclusivity ownership and after receiving notification of a previously stored acknowledgment from both said system controllers.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein said requestor is an I/0 processor and said step relating to said interlocking data protection mechanism further comprises the steps of said primary memory controller removing said exclusivity bit and altering said exclusivity data by putting a temporary lock on all data;
said primary controller identifying said I/O processor(s) and then sending a synchronization signal to said secondary memory controller for processing; and
said primary and secondary memory controllers accessing and storing said data in parallel, and each returning responses to said requester while said primary memory controller waits for synchronization from said secondary system controller before removing said temporary address lock.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein said step relating to said interlocking data protection mechanism further comprises the steps of: ensuring that exclusive ownership status is appropriately indicated by using a lock mechanism, said lock mechanism comprising a plurality of registers to allow concurrency of multiple I/O stores;
said lock mechanism allowing recovery of data should one of said memory controllers experience hardware failure and loss of data, by accessing said other memory controllers data and transferring said other memory controller's data to said memory portion assigned to said failed memory controller;
said lock mechanism assigning each requestor a requester ID and an address ID so that when said other memory controller sustains a failure only those of said requestors with a valid requestor and address ID are permitted to retry.
7. A device for concurrently allowing parallel fetch and store commands in a multiprocessor system having at least two central processors (CPs) which can be partitioned to provide a plurality of system sides for said multiprocessor system, said device comprising:
at least two memory controllers (SCs);
at least two memory units;
a plurality of input-output (I/O) processors, each of said CPs and I/O processors being defined as a requestor;
communication lines for providing said requestors access to both of said memory controllers; said communication lines allowing interchanging access to said memory controllers selectively in order to prevent continuous engagement of one of said memory controllers at all times;
a configuration array associated with each of said requestors for designating one of said memory controllers as a primary memory controller and said other remaining memory controller as a secondary memory controller;
an interlocking data protection mechanism providing data access to only one of said requestors at any one time, said memory controllers determining an exclusivity ownership access status for said data as held by any one of said requestors and removing said exclusivity ownership access when said requestor discontinues accessing said data;
at least a processing unit for processing a command issued by one of said requestors, said memory controllers signalling a response to said requestor upon processing completion; and
said requestor concurrently performing other data updates while waiting for said response from both said memory controllers, said response including both a first response message and any requested data from said primary memory controller, and a second response message from said second memory controller.
This invention relates to a method for allowing parallel stores in a fault tolerant multiprocessing system, without a need for software maintenance of redundant copies of all data in storage.
A fault tolerant system is designed to allow continuous service by the system during the occurrence of a hardware failure. In such cases, to restore data and maintain its integrity, a master copy of the data generated by the computer is kept in storage somewhere in the main memory at all time. Therefore everytime data is compiled, it is usually preserved in some hard copy device such as a hard disc or a tape for future use. It is also common practice to keep dual copies of data, in case of hardware failures affecting the original copy. To keep the necessary storage at a minimum data is packed and the procedure of backing up data is time consuming, and causes overall performance degradation of the system. Storage is a critical element of a fault tolerant system. Tasks are terminated and have to be restarted when critical storage data is damaged, affecting the overall turn-around time for the completion of the program. It has been an on-going challenge to provide a data storing method that can selectively copy multiple copies of data into storage without affecting the performance of the system as a whole and to address the problem of data restoration after a hardware failure.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,356,550 teaches a dual multiprocessor system with a plurality of power supplies and a method of recovery and an error detection and correction system in the memory of each processor. Although U.S. Pat. No. 4,356,550 uses a separate memory for each CP, but there is no teachings of a correction mechanism used for recovery of multiple memory bit errors. Similarly there is no teachings of a redundant storage which corrects as in the present invention.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,819,154 apparently discloses a multiprocessing system with a fault-tolerant computing and stored information sequentially written in two separate memory units. There are no teachings or suggestions of a method that allows parallel stores and fetches by using a multiprocessor system.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,933,823 apparently teaches a dual system of microprocessors with an active and a backup state, providing simultaneous processing of data or stores by continuously comparing signals. There are no teachings or suggestions of a method using asynchronous configuration of hardware and assignment of storage addresses in both system controllers, allowing selective assignment to either the primary or a secondary system controllers or choice or selective duplication.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,654,819 discloses a multiprocessing system and fault-tolerant computing and memory back-up system which allows back-up status information to be written from storage area for updating and backup status. There are no teachings or suggestions of a processor allowing parallel fetch and stores.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,933,835 appears to teach a dual microprocessor system capable of independently storing digital information on separate or parallel buses with a first and a second data processing elements. There are no teachings or suggestion of non-exclusive lines which are only to be stored in one SC concurrently with dual store to both SCs.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,317,169 apparently teaches a method for performing memory refresh operation where the memory refresh operation signal can be given to the memory unit in parallel with or without detracting from CPU operation. There are no teachings or suggestion of a fault tolerant system capable of handling parallel fetch and store operations.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,101,492 seems to disclose a method and apparatus for maintaining data redundancy and restoring data to a failed disk within a disk array in a manner transparent to the host system and user. However, this invention uses software to rewrite data to accomplish write restores to disk. There are no teachings or suggestions of a device and method for performing parallel stores.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,996,687 teaches a method and apparatus allowing fault recovery in a system whereby the system upset can be induced by external transient noise conditions. There is no teachings or suggestion or a method involving hard error recovery as discussed in the present invention.
U.S. Pat. 4,387,423 discloses a multiprocessing system with a rechargeable memory which is used for storage of software instructions and a memory refresh operation. There are no teachings or suggestions of a multiprocessing system capable of handling simultaneous stores and fetches.
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a device and method for allowing parallel stores in a fault tolerant multiprocessing system.
Another object of the present invention is to improve the performance and integrity of a fault tolerant system by providing a device and method that allows parallel stores without a need for software program maintenance of redundant copies of all data in storage.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a data storing method that can selectively copy multiple copies of data into storage without affecting the performance of the system as a whole.
Still another object of the present invention is to allow continuous service by the system during the occurrence of a hardware failure while improving performance and integrity of the system.
To achieve the above-mentioned objects, in one embodiment of the invention a method for the same is described, utilizing a multiprocessor system having at least two memory controllers. The invention can also be used in an environment where there is a plurality of central processors (CPs) which can be partitioned to provide a plurality of system sides for the multiprocessor system. This multiprocessor system also includes a plurality of input-output (I/O) processors; each of these CP and I/O processors being further defined as a requestor.
The present invention allows information to be accessed and stored by either memory controller in different areas of the memory. During the initialization process, each memory controller is designated a specific area in the memory for its usage. The physical address of the memory location is stored in separate logic arrays either indicating the actual physical address or a virtual address that can be translated at any time to reflect the physical address when the specified area designated to each memory controller needs to be accessed. The present invention provides access to either memory controller preventing continuous engagement of one of the memory controllers at all times.
Each requestor selects one of the memory controllers for each data space as a primary memory controller and the remaining memory controller as a secondary memory controller. The selection of these memory controllers as primary and secondary is stored by a unit of data in the logic array associated with each of these requestors. In addition, the logic array defines single or dual copy of data which may be selectively assigned to either primary or secondary memory controllers.
To protect data integrity, the present invention uses an interlocking data protection mechanism providing data access to only one of the requestors at any one time. The memory controllers determining an exclusivity ownership access status for these requestors and also removing this exclusivity ownership access when the requestor is no longer in need of accessing the data.
When a fetch or store command is issued by any of the requestors, each system controllers processes the command and provides the requestor with a response upon processing completion. The requestor, while waiting for this response, can perform any required data updating. A response must be received from both memory controllers. The primary memory controller in addition to the above-mentioned response also provides the requestor with data in pursuant to the earlier issued store or fetch command.
The subject matter which is regarded as the invention is particularly pointed out and distinctly claimed in the concluding portion of the specification. The invention, however, both as to organization and method of practice, together with the further objects and advantages thereof, may best be understood by reference to the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing one embodiment of the present invention where a multiprocessor system configured into two sides, each side having a memory or system controller (SC), multiple central processor (CPs), an I/O processors and an extended storage;
FIG. 2 shows the steps of a CP update, in one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a store stack in a system controller;
FIG. 4 shows the configuration array within each memory controller, identifying each memory controller as a primary or secondary memory controller;
FIG. 5 compares the prior art approach to an I/O store instruction (5A) versus the steps occurring pursuant to an I/O store instruction in one embodiment of the present invention (5B);
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the steps of a dual page-in, according to one embodiment of the present invention; and
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the steps of a dual page-out, according to one embodiment of the present invention.
This invention is capable of providing a means to concurrently store multiple copies of data to storage reducing the performance overhead of serial waiting for multiple responses to the stores. FIG. 1 shows one embodiment of the present invention where a multiprocessor system 100, configured into multiple symmetric or asymmetric sides 105 and 110, with each side having a memory or system controller 120 and multiple processors 130 and or I/O processors 140 on each of the sides, as shown in FIG. 1. The sides of a multiprocessor can be reconfigured into independent systems or configured back to a multiprocessor system. FIG. 1 also shows each side having an extended storage 150.
The multiple processors 130 and I/O processors known as requestors 140, a data protection design is provided so that only one processor is changing a given line of data at one time in order that the latest or master copy of the data is used. An exclusivity bit is assigned to a line of data, when fetched, by a requestor. A requestor sets an exclusive fetch when data is to be changed. Each memory controller maintains a copy of the exclusivity bits. Before assigning a line of data to a processor, the memory controller verifies that no other requestor has assignment to that line of data. The memory controller removes previous ownership (a line of data, which has been stored exclusively) from all copies of the data when the new exclusive fetch request is honored. Likewise, when a requestor stores the data in a multiple copy storage system, both or all copies must be stored, before any other requestor can have access to any of the copies. If it is not a dual copy request only one store takes place.
Generally the method used in prior art has been for the requestor to wait for a successful response for all the stores before proceeding to the next instruction, passing a synchronization point). In the prior art, a processor will fetch exclusive data from one memory controller, wait for data and response. Data is updated by the processor and then stored to the one system controller, containing one copy of the data, wait for response and then store the same data to another memory controller, containing another copy of the same data, wait for response. However, in this store a fetch is required to access the data to be changed and then store the data. Exclusivity being allowed to be removed after the last memory controller response. This response mechanism does not require system controllers to process requests in lock step, allowing asymmetric systems to exist.
In the present invention as shown in FIG. 2, the requestor issues an exclusive fetch 410 to the primary memory controller and simultaneously to the secondary memory controller 415 and waits for responses from both memory controllers 420. The secondary memory controller noted by a modifier in the fetch command. The primary memory controller executes the cross interrogation with all other requestors to see that data is not being held exclusive. If held exclusive by another CP requestor, exclusivity is removed by signalling the original owner. The original owner signals release of the memory controller when related. Changed data arrives at SC store stacks. When the memory controller removes the data from the store stack to storage old ownership is removed. If data was not held exclusively previously, then the memory controller directory 430 is updated to reflect ownership removal. The secondary memory controller waits for a synchronization command from the primary memory controller. The primary memory controller then synchronizes with the secondary memory controller by sending status of the requestor to the secondary memory controller when outstanding exclusivity is removed. Both memory controllers update their directories to reflect new ownership status. Storage is accessed by both memory controllers, data is delivered to the memory controller caches (if not already there). Data and response from primary memory controller is sent to the requestor, response only, no data, is sent from the secondary memory controller. The requestor receives both responses. The fetch access of the secondary memory controller overlaps any primary SC access and possibly the requestor update of data.
The requestor, after data update, stores the data simultaneously to both the primary 440 and secondary memory controllers 445, waits for response from both memory controllers 450 and 455 respectively. At this point the requester can respond to the primary that memory controller and that exclusivity can be removed for a new update from another requestor. In this manner update order is maintained. Requestor coordinates store responses as a means of maintaining ownership and data integrity.
FIG. 3 shows the data stored in the storage of each of the system controllers 600. Requestors, processors for instance, have ports 131, 132, 141, 142 to each system controller respectively and requestors in a dual storage system fetch/store data to both system controllers. The requestors configuration array identifies which system controller is a primary memory controller for this data and which is a secondary. Designation of primary and secondary is based upon a unit of data, such as a megabyte range of data in the configuration array. (Primary and secondary may be on either SC side.) This allows either memory controller to be accessed for a fetch or store request without loading one side all the time.
The configuration array of the system controller 120, is shown in greater detail in FIG. 4. Each system controller's embedded configuration array 700 can hold information about the physical address 710, installed or uninstalled elements 720, and about the system area 740 of the storage elements attached.
There are some differences in a processor fetch store request and an I/O processor fetch/store request. Typical I/O data store request for data entering from an I/O device brings data directly to storage in blocks of data without a prefetch to alter partial data within a block, as shown in FIG. 5A. The sequence in a dual storage design would be to store to the primary 800, wait for completion 805 and then store to the secondary 810 and wait for completion 815. In the present invention, as shown in FIG. 5B, the I/O requester sends command and data concurrently to both SC's 850. The primary removes outstanding exclusivity 860, puts a temporary lock on the data 865, sends synchronization signal to secondary to process store without further need to remove exclusivity 870. In parallel, primary and secondary test local stack 880. Both memory controller's store data, return responses to requester 890. Primary memory controller waits for synchronization from secondary and removes temporary address lock 895. These lock registers allow concurrency of multiple I/O stores while providing serialization of stores. These locks also maintain data integrity for recovery purposes in case one side fails. During recovery of rewriting the data, only requester with valid requester ID and address ID are permitted to retry. Secondary to primary synchronization mechanism allows for recovery in either primary or secondary. An error response or lack of response as seen by the requestor will cause the requestor to initiate a recovery action. If primary memory controller data cannot be retrieved through normal and retry techniques, the secondary memory controller is made a primary memory controller for that data segment and it becomes the data source.
This invention is applicable to an extended storage (ES) which is not directly attached to the system controller. Implementation can have the extended storage as a separate entity, larger in size and slower response rate than central storage. Data is usually transferred in large blocks such as 4K byte pages. Data is transferred from main storage to extended storage for page out commands and from extended storage to main storage for page in commands.
On page in requests, shown in FIG. 6, requesters issue separate commands, simultaneously to both the primary 905 and secondary 906 memory controller to which the extended stores are attached. A command identifier identifies which memory controller is the primary. A page holdoff register 910 in the primary memory controller maintains integrity of the page in main storage until data is in the storage of both memory controller's. Primary memory controller executes cross interrogation on behalf of all lines in the page of data 915. Primary memory controller sends synchronizing signal to secondary memory controller 920, both memory controllers concurrently send data from expanded to main storage. Primary memory controller awaits synchronizing signal from secondary memory controller before resetting the page holdoff register 940. Both memory controller's give response to the requesting CP 950.
Page out command sending data from main storage to expanded storage is very similar to the page in command, and is shown in FIG. 7. However, in this situation, primary SC must remove all outstanding exclusivity from all main storage source lines before sending synchronizing command to secondary memory controller 1000.
While the invention has been described in detail herein in accordance with certain preferred embodiments thereof, many modifications and changes therein may be effected by those skilled in the art. Accordingly, it is intended by the appended claims to cover all such modifications and changes as fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention.
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LONDON (AP) — Radical Muslim preacher Abu Qatada was deported early Sunday from Britain to Jordan to face terror charges, ending over a decade-long battle to remove a man described as a key al-Qaida operative in Europe.
The move comes after Britain and Jordan ratified a treaty on torture aimed at easing human rights concerns that had blocked previous attempts to deport the Palestinian-born Jordanian preacher.
British Home Secretary Theresa May announced Abu Qatada's departure in a statement early Sunday, expressing confidence that the public in the U.K. would welcome the conclusion of efforts dating back to 2001 to remove the radical cleric.
"This dangerous man has now been removed from our shores to face the courts in his own country," May said in a statement. The Home Office then posted a picture on Twitter of Abu Qatada climbing the steps of a plane.
Abu Qatada was wanted in Jordan for retrial in several terror cases in which he was sentenced in absentia. Britain had tried since 2001 to deport Abu Qatada — whose real name is Omar Mahmoud Mohammed Othman — but courts have blocked extradition over concerns that evidence obtained under torture could be used against him.
After years of successfully fighting the numerous attempts to expel him from the U.K., the 53-year-old preacher recently indicated he would voluntarily return to Jordan if that country and Britain ratified a treaty on torture.
That treaty — which explicitly bans the use of evidence "where there are serious and credible allegations that a statement from a person has been obtained by torture or ill-treatment" — was ratified by Britain and Jordan last month.
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Marking & Measuring Kit
Help dad measure twice.
The saying goes: measure twice, cut once and Lee Valley's marking and measuring kit makes it easier, and faster, to ensure accuracy. The 19 pieces all fit in the single carrying case that is included.
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Hiking and Camping Gear
Find the best hiking, backpacking, and camping gear and outdoor essentials right here. We've got your ultimate gear list covered for your next day, weekend, or thru-hike trip, whether you're hitting the backcountry or the local frontcountry.
See our top hike and camp gear picks, including price comparisons, in any outdoor product category: backpacks to tents, sleeping bags to pads, camp stoves to cookware and food, knives to multi-tools, lights to navigation and electronics, trekking poles to water treatment, even dog gear.
Browse thousands of independent equipment reviews and ratings by real hikers, backpackers, alpinists, and paddlers, to select appropriate, dependable, field-tested gear for your next adventure.
Learn more about how to choose hiking and camping gear below »
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10 Essentials for Backcountry Travel
While a comprehensive hiking, backpacking, or camping gear list depends on many factors (season, climate, terrain, distance, activities, and personal preference), certain outdoor gear is essential whether you're exploring the trails in your local woods or heading off on an extended backcountry climb or ski.
Wherever you're going, always bring appropriate hiking and outdoor gear for each of the 10 Essentials:
- Navigation
- Sun protection
- Insulation (extra clothing)
- Illumination (lights)
- First-aid supplies
- Fire (starters)
- Repair kit and tools
- Nutrition (extra food)
- Hydration (extra water)
- Emergency shelter
Recent Hiking/Camping Product Reviews
The North Face Elkhorn
Great bag. Warm, durable and priced reasonably. I bought this bag new from a BPS store in 2010. I still have it, and it's still in good condition which is a testament to it's durability. It has gotten dirty, but never ripped or had another significant problem. All in all I love this bag. It's my go-to winter camping bag. (My other bag is a Kelty Cosmic 21.) My wife has a Marmot Trestles 0 bag and I wouldn't trade her. The Trestles bag is nice, don't get me wrong, but even in the compression sack… Full review
Mountainsmith Circuit 3.0
I use this pack for multiday trips into Wilderness. It is extremely comfortable and easy to adjust without stopping. I am with a federal agency. I am also a wildland firefighter and I use this pack when I take the "pack test". Loaded with 45lbs I can do three miles in less than 45 minutes with no pain or strain with the Mountainsmith Circuit 3.0. After 30 years of backcountry travel and backpacking this pack feels better than any I have used or owned! Type your review here. Full review
Mountainsmith Mountain Shelter LT
The tent was tested for size and space for two people, one being 5'10" the other 5'1", prior to outdoor setup. I have hammock camped in storms and used double wall tents in the past. Expectations for the weekend of testing included showers and possible thunderstorms. Ease of setup even in the dark was relatively easy for one person. Used the provided v-stakes and a nearby handy boot for placement in the ground. The first night it rained and awoke to 2-3 inches of snow. The ground stakes in some… Full review
Sea to Summit Aeros Premium Pillow
Thick, light, non-slip, and the best I've found. I've had five or six backpacking pillows and have tried using rolled up clothing. Each of these had problems. Rolled up clothing unrolls or is lumpy. Some inflatables are too thin, or have slick surfaces that allow them to slip out from under the head, or are too heavy and bulky, or some combination of the three. The Sea to Summit Aeros (regular size) is immediately likable. It weighs 2.8 ounces and packs down into its tiny stuff sack to fit inside… Full review
Kelty Men's PK 50
Used this pack for a 6-day Boy Scout event and worked beautifully. I didn't have to hike far to the campsite, but it was more than comfortable and I was able to stand around waiting until the site opened up without any complaints. Love the closure system and the fact that it doesn't use zippers which can often fail and bunch up on the fabric. The only real flaw that I have noticed is the two pockets which make up the flaps aren't very usable when the pack is loaded and I think it would work better… Full review
ZPacks Pillow Dry Bag
You can have a great night's sleep with the ZPacks Pillow Dry Bag. Use it as a stuff sack and an added layer of protection for your sleeping bag during the day. Then at night, turn it inside out, stuff it full of clothes, and rest your head on the soft and smooth micro-fleece liner. I have been trying to lighten my pack weight, so I try and keep an eye out for gear that can serve multiple purposes. And, for 2 additional ounces I had to see if this was something that would work for me. My ZPacks… Full review
This is a good quality semi-soft cooler that is large enough to fit enough food and drinks for a weekend kayak or canoe trip. The molded bottom is rigid enough to give the cooler form and prevent leakage into and out of the bottom of the cooler but also flexible so that the cooler can be crammed into a kayak hatch. The Fishpond Drifter Boat Cooler is a good quality semi-soft cooler that is large enough to fit enough food and drinks for a weekend. I purchased it because it was short and rectangular… Full review


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Summer is upon us and with that comes the inevitable swimsuit season. This year do not do extreme dieting but rather opt for healthy flavorful options such as these Mexican Chicken Lettuce Wraps. You don't have to feel guitly about the carbs because the lettuce takes the place of them. This recipe is more like a method. You can add whatever flavor combinations you like. Asian inspired lettuce wraps are nice. I like tucking some lemony ceviche between the lettuce leaves. This summer do not deprive yourself of delicious food, your body will thank you for it.
3 cups cubed chicken breast
1 tablespoon lime juice
1/2 teaspoon ground cumin
1/2 teaspoon ground chile powder
1/2 teaspoon seasoned salt
1/4 teaspoon garlic powder
3 tablespoons Olive oil
1 can (15 ounces) black beans, rinsed and drained
1 medium tomato, seeded and finely chopped
1/4 cup finely chopped onion
1/4 cup finely chopped sweet red pepper
1 medium ripe avocado, peeled and finely chopped
12 Bibb or Boston lettuce leaves
For full recipe, click below
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May 18, 2011
This looks so refreshing. You mention using cubed chicken, but I think ground chicken would be great as well and would require less handling of raw meat. And the Bibb lettuce is key! It really is the only type that won't break!
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Teen Book Group
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Saint Anything by Sarah Dessen
Sydney's charismatic older brother, Peyton, has always been the center of attention in the family but when he is sent to jail, Sydney struggles to find her place at home and the world until she meets the Chathams, including gentle, protective Mac, who makes her feel seen for the first time.
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With 7,260 hotels under its umbrella, including the Days Inn, Super 8, Wyndham, Ramada, and Howard Johnson chains, Wyndham Worldwide WYN 0.1921921921921922% Wyndham Worldwide Corp. U.S.: NYSE USD83.41 0.16 0.1921921921921922% /Date(1435871170757-0500)/ Volume (Delayed 15m) : 724203 AFTER HOURS USD83.41 % Volume (Delayed 15m) : 15839 P/E Ratio 18.57683741648107 Market Cap 10012953736.8896 Dividend Yield 2.014146984774008% Rev. per Employee 155523 More quote details and news » is the world's largest hotel franchisor. It is also the world's largest operator of time shares, with 180 resorts and 915,000 owners.
But if its properties are pretty easily recognizable, Wyndham (ticker: WYN) clearly is not, and that's reflected in its stock price. Wyndham trades at 13 times consensus earning estimates for 2013, compared with 17 times for Marriott International MAR -0.25336711561541536% Marriott International Inc. U.S.: Nasdaq USD74.8 -0.19 -0.25336711561541536% /Date(1435870800059-0500)/ Volume (Delayed 15m) : 1215706 AFTER HOURS USD74.8 % Volume (Delayed 15m) : 11788 P/E Ratio 27.703703703703702 Market Cap 20566261752.1668 Dividend Yield 1.3368983957219251% Rev. per Employee 113466 More quote details and news » (MAR) and 19 for Starwood Hotels & Resorts Worldwide HOT 0.32926829268292684% Starwood Hotels & Resorts Worldwide Inc. U.S.: NYSE USD82.27 0.27 0.32926829268292684% /Date(1435871015331-0500)/ Volume (Delayed 15m) : 1225853 AFTER HOURS USD82.2234 -0.0466 -0.05664276163850735% Volume (Delayed 15m) : 32168 P/E Ratio 24.470553242117788 Market Cap 14058790776.9025 Dividend Yield 1.8232648596086058% Rev. per Employee 32926.8 More quote details and news » (HOT).
This is a steady operation, with 60% of revenue coming from fee-based services, including franchise arrangements, property management, and memberships. But until recently, the company has gotten little respect from investors, in part due to the supposed taint of time shares.
The Wyndham Grand Rio Mar Beach Resort in Puerto Rico, one of the company's 7,260 franchised hotel properties. Wyndham
That's changing, as Wyndham puts up increasingly better numbers. The company is expected to earn $465 million, or $3.22 a share, this year on revenue of $4.5 billion; that's up from $2.49 a share last year and headed to $3.67 a share in 2013, based on analysts' estimates. The stock is up 42% over the past 52 weeks, to near $49, and could grow another 20% over the next year. It yields 1.9%.
Once part of Cendant, the sprawling conglomerate that included Avis, Budget, and Coldwell Banker, Wyndham was split off into a separate company in 2006. Just in time, in other words, for the credit crisis and the evaporation of financing for time-share sales, and a sharp decline in overall leisure travel.
"We had a new business that people didn't really know all that well," CEO Stephen Holmes told Barron's. And what they didn't know scared them. The stock plummeted 90% from its spinoff price, to $2.92 at the market bottom.
While time shares get a bad rap, they produced 49% of Wyndham's revenue last year and 48% of earnings. The remainder comes from its franchised hotel business and an exchange platform that offers home rentals and time-share swaps.
THE TIME-SHARE INDUSTRY has evolved from its controversial early days in the 1970s, when high-pressure sales tactics included unrealistic promises about resale value. "It's now a heavily regulated industry with great brands," Holmes says. Hyatt Hotels h 0.9073460129122317% Hyatt Hotels Corp. U.S.: NYSE USD57.83 0.52 0.9073460129122317% /Date(1435870922059-0500)/ Volume (Delayed 15m) : 293392 AFTER HOURS USD57.83 % Volume (Delayed 15m) : 52912 P/E Ratio 28.348039215686274 Market Cap 8327286779.65628 Dividend Yield N/A Rev. per Employee 97666.7 More quote details and news » (H) and Starwood are also big in time shares; Marriott's time-share business was spun off last year into Marriott Vacations Worldwide VAC -0.5343511450381679% Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corp. U.S.: NYSE USD91.21 -0.49 -0.5343511450381679% /Date(1435870995167-0500)/ Volume (Delayed 15m) : 93810 AFTER HOURS USD90.9 -0.31 -0.33987501370463763% Volume (Delayed 15m) : 1830 P/E Ratio 32.466006976578626 Market Cap 2894731696.40778 Dividend Yield 1.096371011950444% Rev. per Employee 178888 More quote details and news » (VAC).
No one at Wyndham claims time shares to be any type of real-estate investment. "You're prepaying your vacation experience for the future," the CEO says. A time share's condo-like accommodations are particularly compelling for a family with young children.
These days, the company is more efficient with its time-share pitch. It offers fewer tours but generates sales of $2,230 per tour, 40% above the 2007 level.
Management now offers those marketing skills to outside developers who build new time-share properties, cutting back on its own development efforts. This new asset-light model accounted for 7% of sales in the time-share segment last year. Management expects that figure to rise to 20% in the next three years.
"If they're growing at the same pace but using someone else's balance sheet, theoretically the multiple should expand," says JPMorgan analyst Joe Greff. He thinks the stock could be worth $60 in a year, based on a multiple of 12 times free cash flow.
The Bottom Line
Wyndham's shares could move up another 20% as profits grow and the hotelier and time-share operator continues its aggressive stock buyback program.
Wyndham's hotel operations, given the franchise model, don't require much in the way of capital.
Lower capital needs are driving free cash flow, which could reach $750 million this year, according to FactSet. Wyndham's management has been returning that cash to shareholders in the form of share buybacks and dividends. In the past two years, the company has reduced shares outstanding by 22%.
Wyndham is also committed to raising its dividend in line with earnings. Patrick Scholes, who covers the company for SunTrust Robinson Humphrey, predicts a 15%-to-20% payout boost when Wyndham reports its annual results in February.
If there's risk to be found at Wyndham, it centers on the company's exchange platform. Most of the rental homes on the exchange are located in Europe. As in 2009, though, investors would be wrong to assume the worst. Wyndham says a majority of its rental properties grew transaction volume in the third quarter. Austerity notwithstanding, Europeans continue to make vacation plans.
Cheap Lodging
Lesser known and tainted by time shares' reputation, Wyndham trades at a discount to peers despite solid revenue and profits.
|Value (bil )
|Revenue (bil)
|Wyndham Worldwide/WYN
|Marriott International/MAR
|Marriott Vacations/VAC
Source: FactSet
E-mail: email@example.com


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"Happiness lies in the joy of achievement and the thrill of creative effort." Franklin D. Roosevelt
By: Proserpina , 3:58 PM GMT on November 20, 2012
Thanksgiving Pictures - Quotes - Photobucket
For flowers that bloom about our feet;
For tender grass, so fresh, so sweet;
For song of bird, and hum of bee;
For all things fair we hear or see,
Father in heaven, we thank Thee!
~Ralph Waldo Emerson
For each new morning with its light,
For rest and shelter of the night,
For health and food, for love and friends,
For everything Thy goodness sends.
~Ralph Waldo Emerson
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Dec. 9th Sportstalk with Kevin Shafer & Wally Williams
Former Raven OL Wally Williams and 106.7TheFan's Kevin Shafer join Alex Parker to diagnose the problems with the Redskins and if they can ever get out of the lower echelon of the NFL.
'After the Game' with Darrel Young - Monday, Dec. 8, 2014
'Miserable' Gruden: I'm 'done' with RG3, and 'feel like I've failed'
Dec. 2nd Sportstalk with Rene Knott
ESPN980 Redskins Insider Chris Russell joins host Alex Parker for the latest out of Redskins Park. Plus, KSDK Sports Director & former WJLA Sports Anchor Rene Knott discusses the upcoming Rams game, and the emotion of the St. Louis community over the Ferguson protests.
Dec. 1st Sportstalk
Alex Parker takes viewers calls following another Redskins loss this time to Indianapolis. Plus, will Robert Griffin III get another chance to play again in DC?
Nov. 28th Sportstalk with Mocha Lee
Glenn Harris takes viewers calls on the Redskins quarterback situation. Plus, Fitness Pro Mocha Lee explains how to get 'Fit after the Feast'
Sportstalk Thanksgiving Edition with the Harris Bros.
Host Glenn Harris is joined by his brother Boxing Columnist Ron Harris, and author Peter Harris.
'After the Game' with Darrel Young - Monday, Dec. 1, 2014
Subtracting RG3 reveals Redskins' many problems
Colt vs. the Colts: Fate of Skins, Colts is in QBs' hands
Gruden: RG3 out, McCoy starts for 'Skins vs. Colts
Nov. 25th Sportstalk
Alex Parker takes your calls on the Redskins future with Robert Griffin III. Plus, Sty. Louis native and Wizards guard Bradley Beal, who knew Michael Brown, reacts to the Ferguson aftermath.
Nov. 21st Sportstalk with Syreeta Hubbard
Host Monica McNutt is joined by NFL writer/blogger Syreeta Hubbard to discuss the relationship between RGIII and Jay Gruden. Plus, other NFL news and notes.
'After the Game' with Darrel Young - Monday, Nov. 24, 2014
Nov. 20th Sportstalk with John Booty
Glenn Harris is joined by former NFL player John Booty to discuss the recent Redskins drama between Robert Griffin III and Jay Gruden. Plus, friends from Dangerous Pies DC join in the fun with holiday festive pie ideas.
D.C.'s mayor describes Redskins game play as 'just awful, terrible'
Nov. 19th Sportstalk with Donna Hopkins & Natalie Randolph
Glenn Harris hosts as longtime reporter Donna Hopkins and former football head coach Natalie Randolph discuss the drama with the Redskins, head coachJay Gruden and QB Robert Griffin III.
Redskins' Gruden: RG3 critique was a 'mistake'
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The present invention provides for enhanced bioremediation of hydrocarbon contaminated soils and waters by treating soil or water with a surfactant or mixture of surfactants having the general formulae: ##STR1## where A=CH2, B=CH2 CH2 O, x=1-10 and y=2-20.
1. A method for enhancing microbial degradation of hydrocarbon containing water or soil comprising:
contacting the hydrocarbon containing soil or water with an effective amount of a surfactant or mixture of surfactants to enhance microbial degradation having the formulae: ##STR5## wherein A=CH2, B=CH2 CH2 O; each x independently is an integer from 1 to and y=2-20, whereby microbial degradation of the hydrocarbon contaminated soil or water is enhanced.
2. The method of claim 1 including further contacting the soil or water with phosphorous sources.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein the surfactant or mixture of surfactants is dissolved in a hydrocarbon solvent.
4. The method of claim 2 wherein the solvent is selected from the group consisting of petroleum distillates, alcohols and terpenes.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein the phosphorous source is dissolved in water.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein the phosphorous source is selected from the group consisting of trilaureth phosphate, (NH4)3 PO4, (NH4)2 HPO4, (NH4)H2 PO4 and mixtures thereof.
7. The method of claims 1 or 6 wherein the phosphorous source and surfactant are present in amounts sufficient to provide a C:N:P weight ratio of from about 100:10:1 to about 100:1:0.1 and are applied at a rate of about 5 wt % to about 45 wt % based on weight of contaminant.
This is a division, of application Ser. No. 276,061, filed Jul. 15, 1994 now U.S. Pat. No. 5,503,774.
This invention relates to novel type of bifunctional surfactants suitable for enhancing the microbiological degradation of hydrocarbons in soils and water.
As is well known, there are several microbial species found in soil and water that are capable of assimilating petroleum hydrocarbons. Unfortunately, the rate of microbial assimilation of petroleum hydrocarbons is relatively slow. It is necessary, therefore, to stimulate the microbial assimilation if bioremediation is to be utilized in removing such pollutants from soils and water.
In general, the rate and extent of microbial utilization of petroleum hydrocarbons is limited by the concentration of microbial nutrients and microflora available at the hydrocarbon-water interface. Thus, microbial nutrients, especially nitrogen containing nutrients like urea, have been added to contaminated soil or water as a method for enhancing the biodegradation of the petroleum contaminants. Because these nitrogen containing microbial nutrients are generally water soluble and because the petroleum hydrocarbons are hydrophobic, the nutrients are generally delivered in an aqueous solution, along with a surfactant which aids in delivering the microbial nutrients to the hydrocarbon-water interface. Although this approach is useful there remains a need for increasing the microflora available for hydrocarbon assimilation in order to further enhance the bioremediation process.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide an improved composition and method for stimulating the propagation of naturally occurring hydrocarbon assimilating microflora to enhance the bioremediation of hydrocarbon contaminated water and soils.
Simply stated, the present invention employs a microbial assimilable surfactant or mixture of surfactants for treatment of hydrocarbon contaminated soils and water. Importantly, the surfactant or mixture of surfactant not only increases the hydrocarbon-water interface between the hydrocarbon contaminant and microflora, but also contains microbial assimilable carbon and nitrogen. Preferrably the surfactant or mixture of surfactants is employed with a microbial assimilable phosphorous source. Thus, in one embodiment of the invention, there is provided a composition comprising a microbial assimilable phosphorous source and a surfactant or mixture of surfactants having the general formulae: ##STR2## wherein A=CH2, B=CH2 CH2 O, each x is an independent integer from 1 to 10, and y=2-20.
This and other embodiments of the invention will be described in detail hereinafter.
The present invention provides for enhanced bioremediation of hydrocarbon contaminated soils and waters by treating soil or water with a microbial assimilable surfactant or mixture of surfactants having the general formulae: ##STR3## wherein A=CH2 ; B=CH2 CH2 O; each x independently is an integer from 1 to 10, and y2-20.
An isomeric mixture of surfactants having the above formulae is readily prepared by contacting a vicinyl carbonyl, pyrimidine tetrone, with an alkenyl ethoxylated alcohol of the formula: ##STR4## for a time and at a temperature sufficient to form the surfactant. In the above, A=CH2 ; B=CH2CH20; each x independently is an integer from 1 to 10; and y=2-20. Thus, the olefin chain, will have from about 10 to 28 carbon atoms
Typically the alkenyl ethoxylated alcohol and vicinyl carbonyl are mixed at temperatures in the range of about 100� C. to about 150� C. If desired, contacting may be conducted in the presence of a solvent such as dioxane.
In the practice of the present invention, it is preferred to use a phosphorous source in combination with the surfactant or mixture of surfactants. In general, any microbial assimilable phosphorous compound such as inorganic and organic phosphorous compounds, may be used as the phosphorous source. Preferred inorganic phosphorous sources include (NH4)3 PO4, (NH4)2 HPO4 and NH4 H2 PO4. A preferred organic phosphorous source is trilaureth phosphate. Mixtures of the foregoing may also be used.
Optionally, the surfactants of the present invention may be combined with a co-surfactant such as nonionic, anionic or cationic surfactants to provide added surfactancy, if desired. It is preferred to use nonionic surfactants.
In treating petroleum contaminated soils and water, the surfactant or mixture of surfactants, preferrably with a phosphorous source, may be applied directly to the soil or water. More preferably, however, the phosphorous source and surfactant are combined with a diluent such as water, water immisicible solvent and mixtures thereof. For example, the phosphorous source is combined with water and the surfactant is combined with a water immiscible solvent such as easily biodegradable low molecular weight petroleum distillates having a high normal paraffin content such as Norpar� solvents sold by Exxon Company USA, Houston, Tex., alcohols like isopropyl alcohol, or terpenes, thereby aiding in broadcasting the surfactant over large surfaces. An especially preferred composition consists of 10% to 80% by weight of an aqueous solution of the phosphorous source and from 10% to 30% by weight of the solution of surfactant in a water immiscible solvent.
Indeed, in order to promote the enhanced growth and activity of microorganisms, the surfactant of the present invention is advantageously employed in combination with other microbial nutrients, including a supply of additional nitrogen and phosphorus. For example, various compounds such as ammonium nitrate, phosphate, urea, proteins, alkali metal ammonium phosphates and nitrates which are readily soluble in water, are quite suitable for use in conjunction with the preferred composition of the present invention. In general, the phosphorous source, surfactants and additional microbial nutrients, if any, are combined to provide a C:N:P weight ratio of about 100:10:1 to about 100:1:0.1. Also micro nutrients such as sources of iron, copper, nickel and the like may be used in the practice of the present invention.
A preferred composition will contain from 20% to about 45% by weight based on the total weight of the surfactant or mixture of surfactants with the balance being cosurfactant and phosphorous source.
The foregoing compositions are applied to soil or water at the rate of 5 wt % to 30 wt % of treat to hydrocarbon contaminant.
The bioremediation of a Bunker C fuel oil was tested with a composition comprising:
a) an isomeric mixture of a surfactant formed by reacting an alkenyl ethoxylated alcohol with pyrimidine tetrone.
b) trilaureth phosphate, as phosphorous source, and
c) an alkenyl ethoxylated alcohol as a cosurfactant. The composition tested contained 41.84% of the isomeric surfactant mixture; 41.84% of the co-surfactant; and, 16.33% of trilaureth phosphate.
The alkenyl ethoxylated alcohol used for reacting with the pyrimidine tetrone and as co-surfactant was a commercially available olyel 2-ethoxylate sold under the trade name BRIJ-92 by ICI, Wilmington, Delaware. The trilaureth phosphate used was a mixture of C12 -C14 alkyl mono, di and tri (tetraethylene glycol) as the phosphate sold under the trade name HOSTAPHAT KL 340 N by Hoechst-Celanese, Bridgewater, NJ.
For these tests, 15 wt % (Example 1, Trial 1 and Trial 2) and 30wt % (Example 2) of the composition to oil (0.5 g) and 50 ml of H2 O were used.
For comparative purposes, an abiotic control was run, as well as a run with no surfactant. The tests were conducted as follows:
Shake flask cultures for assay of the biological efficacy of the different formulations were set-up in sterile 300 ml baffled flasks. Each flask contained 50 ml of a sterile mineral medium with 0.5 g of hydrocarbon added. All formulations tested were added at the rate of 15% to 30% based on the weight of hydrocarbon. The Oleophilic formulations were first thoroughly mixed with the hydrocarbon before the mixture was added to the culture flask. Flasks were incubated at 15� C. Aeration was achieved by shaking at 200 RPM. Inoculation for biological activity was made at 10%, e.g., 10 ml of inoculum per 100 ml culture. Abiotic control flasks were set-up identically to all other flasks except that 1.0 ml of 0.5% (w/v) mercuric chloride was added in place of the inoculum.
Inoculum for biological activity was provided using clarified sludge from process water biological oxidation unit of a commercial petroleum refinery. The inoculum was prepared by stirring approximately 900 ml of the sludge with areation. After 24 hours, the aerated sludge was centrifuged and the pellet resuspended in the mineral medium to generate the innoculum.
The percentage of hydrocarbon biodegraded was determined by gravimetry and the microbial colony forming units for each run was also determined by Standard Agar Plate method. The results are given in the Table below.
TABLE______________________________________ Microbial Colony Biodegraded Forming UnitsEx. No Description in 14 days CFU/ml______________________________________Comparative Abiotic 0.0 <0.1 � 106Ex 1 controlComparative No 0.7 1.1 � 106Ex 2 SurfactantEx 1, Trial 1 15 wt % 20.6 2.4 � 106Ex 1, Trial 2 15 wt % 15.6 26 � 106Ex 2 30 wt % 19.3 60.5 � 106______________________________________
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