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The Bad Beginning (A Series of Unfortunate Events #1) (original 1999; edition 2000)
by Lemony Snicket
Work details
The Bad Beginning by Lemony Snicket (1999)
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Definitely a fun but sad tale. Darkly humorous in some ways but still a great read for children. Also the amount of wit used in the language was very enjoyable. A story of a horrible event ensuing in three children's lives followed by one atrocity after the next. These clever children learn to survive though and must constantly be on the look out of their evil uncle count Olaf who is after their fortune. A gripping tale for all children and classic at that.
For some reason I never got the chance to read the A Series of Unfortunate Events collection as a kid, but I recently bought the entire series. Better late than never.
Just from reading the first book I feel like I would've LOVED this series as a kid. Even as an adult I enjoyed the quick read and look forward to reading the rest of the books. I did find it slightly annoying how the author would deviate from the story to stop and explain words, but I get how that'd be helpful for younger readers so I tried not to let it bother me too much
I liked reading this series when I was younger and still enjoy reading the books now. The series focuses on three young children who lose their parents and are whisked away to different guardians where unfortunate things happen to them. The author takes the reader to another world with extravagant actions and events. One of my favorite qualities of Snicket's is his descriptive language and how he incorporates vocabulary into his text.
This is a realistic fiction and fantasy book tells the story of 3 siblings who lose their parents in a fire. They are then sent to their live with their distant relative Count Olaf, who lives in a scary mansion and only wants their parents money. He cannot access their money though, because it is only available to the kids once they become of age. He is evil and makes the children do chores and even hits them. Olaf creates a plan to have a play in his backyard and force the eldest Bouldelaire girl to marry him. The children do not figure this out till the day of the play, and nobody else believes them. Olaf traps their baby sister in a crate hanging from his tower, and threatens them saying that she will die if the eldest girl does not marry him. So they go through the play, and he reveals that he is now really married to her, and everyone who is watching the play is horrified. But she then says that she wrote her signature on the marriage papers with her left hand, which is not her dominant hand. So it was not legal. Olaf and his friends then disappear when the lights are mysteriously turned off.
The first book in the Series of Unfortunate Events is a great book with creative narrative and an adventurous story. Throughout the book the narrator pauses the events of the story to talk to the reader. Conversations are often held with the reader going on tangents about small facts in the book. For example, at the very beginning of the book the narrator starts by saying, "If you are interested in stories with happy endings, you would be better off reading some other book." The book also has a great sense of adventure. The three siblings in the book are constantly in danger due to Count Olaf and the action makes the reader feel like they are in danger too. The main idea of this story is dealing with tragedy.
Is contained in
A Box of Unfortunate Events (01-02) A Bad Beginning; The Reptile Room by Lemony Snicket
A Box of Unfortunate Events (01-03) The Trouble Begins by Lemony Snicket
A Box of Unfortunate Events (01-04) by Lemony Snicket
A Box of Unfortunate Events (01-05) by Lemony Snicket
A Box of Unfortunate Events (01-06) The Loathsome Library by Lemony Snicket
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Wikipedia in English (9)
Amazon.com Amazon.com Review (ISBN 0064407667, Hardcover)Make no mistake. The Bad Beginning begins badly for the three Baudelaire children, and then gets worse. Their misfortunes begin one gray day on Briny Beach when Mr. Poe tells them that their parents perished in a fire that destroyed their whole house. "It is useless for me to describe to you how terrible Violet, Klaus, and even Sunny felt in the time that followed," laments the personable (occasionally pedantic) narrator, who tells the story as if his readers are gathered around an armchair on pillows. But of course what follows is dreadful. The children thought it was bad when the well-meaning Poes bought them grotesque-colored clothing that itched. But when they are ushered to the dilapidated doorstep of the miserable, thin, unshaven, shiny-eyed, money-grubbing Count Olaf, they know that they--and their family fortune--are in real trouble. Still, they could never have anticipated how much trouble. While it's true that the events that unfold in Lemony Snicket's novels are bleak, and things never turn out as you'd hope, these delightful, funny, linguistically playful books are reminiscent of Roald Dahl (remember James and the Giant Peach and his horrid spinster aunts), Charles Dickens (the orphaned Pip in Great Expectations without the mysterious benefactor), and Edward Gorey (The Gashlycrumb Tinies). There is no question that young readers will want to read the continuing unlucky adventures of the Baudelaire children in The Reptile Room and The Wide Window. (Ages 9 and older) --Karin Snelson
(retrieved from Amazon Thu, 12 Mar 2015 17:59:44 -0400)
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The forty-five works by African-American artists include collages, lithographs, mixed media, oil and watercolor paintings, sculptures and other art forms. The exhibit's title is taken from the Margaret Walker poem titled "For My People." The poem describes the celebration and challenges of African-American life.
IF YOU GOOrlando Museum of Art is located at, 2416 N. Mills Ave. in Orlando. For more information, call: 407-896-4231.
WRITE A REVIEWAdd your own review
- Minority Groups
- Art
- Painting
See more topics »
Romare Bearden's collages and paintings portray rural African-American life. The color scheme and folk style in her work make realistic, normal every day occurrences come to life. The "Serenade" features a man playing the guitar for a woman outdoors on a sunny day. The body language of the two people gives the impression the woman is unsure of the gentleman's intentions.
Elizabeth Catlett's sculptures represent women. Mother and child are a common theme throughout her work. Bronze, onyx and stone materials detail female features. Her lithographs and paintings also portray similar images with dark, vibrant colors. One of her lithographs, "Dancing," received national exposure in The Cosby Show.
Artist Hughie Lee-Smith was an only child growing up in her family. Her early beginnings appear in her oil paintings. The imagery and symbolism focus on one person. The piece titled "The Dreamer," visualizes a girl feeling lonely in the world.
Civil rights activist, Malcolm X, appears in Edward Jackson's acrylic on canvas art piece. Malcolm X images in the past normally show his militant side. The large-scale work offers a softer, relaxed look of the historical figure.
A book about the "Something All Our Own" exhibit by Grant Hill is available in the Orlando Museum of Art gift shop for $49.99. The display runs through February 15.

subset: commoncrawl


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Pronunciation: maïzena
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The unique significance of a recent Vatican announcement has settled on the minds and hearts of Christ's faithful. The joyful news of the beatification of Pope John Paul II on the first of May contains layers of meaning for the Church and … [Read more...]
On the beatification of John Paul II
The Catholic Holocaust of Nagasaki—"Why, Lord?"
On August 9, 1945, God's inscrutable providence allowed an atomic bomb named "Fat Man" to be dropped from a B-29 into the heavily populated city of Nagasaki. The epicenter of the blast was the Urakami district, the heart and soul of … [Read more...]
The ambiguity of Islam
"When some fanatics kill children, women, and men in the name of pure and authentic Islam, or in the name of the Qur'an or of the Muslim tradition, nobody can tell them: 'You are not true and authentic Muslims.' All they can say is: … [Read more...]
Renaissance saint and scholar
St. Thomas More is one of the few intellectual and moral giants of the second millennium. He was truly a Renaissance man, being outstanding as a poet, scholar, husband and father, lawyer, statesman, and in addition to all of that a saint of … [Read more...]
European Christophobia
In the closing months of his pontificate, John Paul II turned repeatedly to the "Europe question." He insisted that a failure to mention the common Christian heritage in the drafting of the E.U. constitution would tear apart the very … [Read more...]
What Civilization Owes to the Church
If modern studies credit the Catholic Church with anything positive, it is usually limited to faint praise in the realm of music and the arts. Dr. Thomas Woods, however, offers an alternative view in his unambiguously titled best-seller, … [Read more...]
Twentieth Century Catholicism
In the first two decades of the 20th century, American intellectuals moved away from a Christian view of the world and opted for a secular philosophy of Pragmatism and empiricism. Two of the main figures of the day were William James and … [Read more...]
The Church as True Pilgrim
We are somewhat inundated with new church histories featuring interpretations that allow for no trace of magnanimity toward the Church's actions in the midst of her various conflicted episodes. One notes with frustration that some of … [Read more...]
Ultimate Issues in Politics
(NOTEb Corresponding with the above address is apparently the only way to get this book, if it actually is still in print! Otherwise, check your local library - rjg) The account of Thomas à Becket's murder in Canterbury Cathedral four … [Read more...]
How American Catholicism Was
Once upon a time, before the priest scandals, Catholicism in Boston was rampant with good ol' Irish "Cat'lics" who looked at religion as an extension of their everyday lives. Families were proud of the priests in their ranks, all … [Read more...]
The Church in the world
Beginning at Jerusalem presents the reader with an interpretation of five different stages of the history of the Church from a deeply Catholic perspective and draws out the significance of events of each period for the life of the Church … [Read more...]
A Crusading Pope
Innocent III was one of the most significant popes in history and certainly the most important pope in the medieval period. A skilled and energetic figure in the papal bureaucracy, Lothari di Segni was elected pope in January 1198 at the … [Read more...]
Recovering History
The field of biblical history today is dominated by two approaches, both of which are skeptical about the historicity of biblical claims. The first approach regards with suspicion the historical claims of the Bible on principle because of a … [Read more...]
The Prophet of Arabia
Mohammed, the founder of the Islamic religion, was born in Mecca, Arabia, in 570 and he died in 632. Father Menezes, the author of this book, lived and worked in India, which has a significant Moslem population. He wrote this book in 1911 … [Read more...]
The Highs and Lows of the Renaissance Church
Julius II is best remembered in history as the warrior-pope. Whether that image is of the belligerent figure trying to storm the gates of heaven in Erasmus' satire Julius Excluded or the gold-armored pontiff (as played by Rex Harrison) … [Read more...]


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The Giant Beastcast: Episode 06
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Her Story is a bold and largely successful experiment in interactive crime fiction.
Rocksteady's gorgeous-looking third Arkham game refines its open-world format a bit and lets you drive a whole hell of a lot of Batmobile.
It's squid kids and ink blasting abound in Nintendo's exceptionally fun new online shooter.
Game »
consists of 7 releases.
Released Mar 25, 2008
Ninja Gaiden 3: Razor's Edge is an upgraded version of Ninja Gaiden 3, featuring additions such as gameplay tweaks, dismemberment, multiple weapons, new playable characters, and online co-op.
Brütal Legend is a humorous heavy-metal, open-world, action-adventure game with light real-time strategy elements. As Eddie Riggs, lead the people of the Brütal World to rise up against the Tainted Coil demons who rule the world, and their leader, the sinister Emperor Doviculus.
Become Beowulf in this hack and slash video game based off of the movie. Slay Grendel and his mother with the help of your loyal Thanes and a healthy dose of quick time events.
Conan is an action adventure game that has you slicing and dicing your way through hordes of enemies.
Loki: Heroes Of Mythology is a Action Role Playing Game where you play through Norse, Greek, Egyptian, and Aztec mythology. It uses a Diablo-esque formula as a loot-driven, top-down action RPG.
Nariko, an outcast in her clan, wields the cursed Heavenly Sword in order to defeat the evil King Bohan.
Two Worlds is an Action Role Playing Game in which you explore the world of Antaloor, solving quests and making choices that affect the world around you.
Based on a cartoon on Nickelodeon, Avatar: The Last Airbender is an action game that puts you in the role of Aang, a young and powerful airbender. Console Version was developed by THQ Studio Australia.
Play as a nameless Spartan waging war against the Roman Empire in Greco-Roman locations such as Sparta, Athens, the fabled city of Troy and eventually Rome it self in this spin-off game of the Total War series.
Play as the Spartan warrior, Kratos, as he cuts his way through armies of mythological creatures on a path to kill Ares, the God of War, and gain redemption for his past sins.
Rune is a third-person action game focused on melee fighting, developed by Human Head Studios and was released in late 2000.
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1) Slice the Guanciale in thin strips, but do not chop it the way you would do with regular bacon; the strips will curl nicely when sautéing in the olive oil.
2) Peel the Garlic cloves.
3) In a large non-stick pan, heat the Olive Oil, and then add together the Guanciale and the Sage. Cook for about 10 minutes, making sure that the meat does not get too crunchy and the garlic does not burn…if you see that the garlic is browning too fast, remove it from the pan, finish the pork, and then add it again to the sauce.
4) When the Guanciale and the Garlic appear to be ready, add the Sage; since you probably rinsed it before, make sure the herbs are well dry, otherwise you'll end up bathing yourself in a sprinkle of boiling oil!
5) Bring a pot of salted water to a boil, add the pasta to the water, and cook it about two minutes less than indicated on the box. Strain the pasta and add it to the sauce pan; on a medium-high flame, toss it around for a few seconds, then add the grated Pecorino.
6) After another minute of cooking and tossing it around, your Pasta Alla Gricia will be ready to serve.
7) Garnish the hot pasta with some grated Pecorino, a drop of Extra Virgin Olive Oil and some ground pepper. Serve right away. Red wine goes really well with the dish.


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Facing reform's cost | Part I of a series
Health Care Questions Seeking The Answers
Computer consultants John and Rhonda Kutlich carry only catastrophic coverage. Read what they do to keep health care costs down.
History professor James MacLeod is a strong supporter of a national health care system. His experience in Scotland colored his beliefs.
Democrats and Republicans in the House are attempting to help shape an overhaul in health care. Read their competing proposals.
<IF YOU GO>For some, a good plan makes health care coverage a nonissue. Others have to be resourceful to afford their medication. Todd Slagle says he's been happy with coverage with the Evansville Vanderburgh School Corp. for the past 15 years. But retiree Robert Vollmer is struggling because of the Medicare Part D "doughnut hole." </IF YOU GO>
<IF YOU GO>The Senate, too, is looking at health care reform as the president pushes to overhaul the system. For Senate plans, read the Courier & Press on Monday.</IF YOU GO>
Indiana has had the third largest percent increase in the number of uninsured since 2007, according to one recent report.
The cost of health insurance and care is a central factor in the lives of millions of Americans, including many Tri-Staters.
In 2007, the last time the U.S. Census Bureau made an official count, an estimated 45.7 million people in the United States had been without health insurance for the entire year. But new reports put that figure even higher now.
A report from the University of North Carolina this spring using the latest federal statistics put the number at nearly 52 million.
The report by the university's Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research estimated the change in the number of uninsured for every state.
Indiana, where unemployment currently is 10.7 percent, has experienced a 22 percent increase in the number of its uninsured since 2007, according to the report.
The state ranked below North Carolina and Rhode Island and just ahead of Nevada and Michigan.
Such numbers don't take into account the many who go without insurance for part of the year or don't seek needed treatment or medication because they can't afford it.
The Courier & Press spoke to some Evansville residents to gauge how their experiences with health care and insurance have affected their lives.
Here is what they had to say.
Subscribe to the Courier & Press or The Gleaner
Need Help? Call us at 1-877-304-7771.
Monday-Friday: 6am-5pm / Saturday: 6am-11am / Sunday: 7am-Noon


text:
Gear Question
this season i was ridin up at PC ridin and...
this season i was ridin up at PC ridin and the inside of both lenses foged horribly ! thinking it would help i tried to dry them out but it didnt help at all .... now there is huge smears all across the inside lense of my A frames and sucks to see out of. i was wondering if there is anything i could do to get rid of some of the smearing ? i dont really want to sink alot more money in these babys
Josh Chapman
It sounds like you might have rubbed off the anti-fog coating on the inside of the lens. You never want to wipe out the inside of your lens if they get wet, all you can do is let them dry out. Sounds like you're just going to have to get a new lens, sorry.
Remove the inner lense till you can buy another replacement lense.
View More Details on Oakley A-Frame Goggle Replacement Lens


text:
WTAE viewers from Monroeville, Plum and Wilkins Township shared their photos of Monday's severe weather on u local.
u local: Flooding hits east suburbsUPDATED 12:00 PM EDT Jul 23, 2013
Slideshow Central
CommentsThe views expressed are not those of this site, this station or its affiliated companies. By posting your comments you agree to accept our terms of use.blog comments powered by Disqus


text:
From India to New York and beaches to castles, we have the most extravagant locations to hold your nuptials.
Brooklyn Artists Have a Ball
On April 18th, the Museum of Natural History hosted their Annual Museum Dance—always a wild affair! Dinner was served in the shadows of the dinosaurs and guests danced under the blue whale in the Hall of Ocean Life; an allied exhibition that takes advantage of the celebrity status of the museum's 94-foot-long female blue whale will be on display throughout the spring and is called "Whales: Giant of the Deep."
Pretty in Pink


text:
2012 Summer League
Posted Friday, July 27, 2012
Posted Friday, July 27, 2012
ORLANDO – As Allen Iverson made abundantly clear, not every NBA player loves to practice. Kim English is not one of them.
"I love practice," he smiled after his fifth in three days as the Pistons prepare for today's start of the Orlando Pro Summer League. "I love games. Every time I step on the court, I just pray to God to keep me healthy, swift and accurate. As long as I'm healthy and playing, I'm happy."
ORLANDO – Solicit opinions on early impressions of Andre Drummond and the responses are all over the map: Freak athlete, Kim English says. Incredible athlete, Austin Daye adds. Unbelievable athlete, Charlie Villanueva chimes in.
ORLANDO – It was midway through the fourth Pistons practice in less than 48 hours, with both legs and minds fighting off fatigue, when Kyle Singler snapped everyone to full attention.
ORLANDO – For much of last season, Charlie Villanueva was sidelined with a lingering ankle injury that cropped up in training camp. For virtually all of it, he was on the outside looking in at Lawrence Frank's playing rotation. Most of that time, he had company in Austin Daye, who never really recovered from a paralyzing shooting slump that took away the one basketball skill that had never betrayed him.
ORLANDO – Brandon Knight hardly registers as a seasoned veteran, but he'll hold a measure of seniority when his second season starts over a number of teammates, including four rookies who will flank him when the Pistons open Orlando Pro Summer League play next week.
ORLANDO – Greg Monroe stands as the shining example for Pistons fans that first impressions show no more than snapshots of a motion picture under production. The Monroe who didn't get off the bench for the first two games of his NBA career and then had difficulty getting shots off without them being blocked bears little resemblance to the double-double machine on the verge of stardom today.
But you have to start somewhere, right?
ORLANDO – About two hours short of a full week since the Pistons called Andre Drummond's name with the ninth pick in the 2012 NBA draft, he will be wearing their uniform – well, Pistons-logoed practice gear, at least – and participating in his first practice as a professional basketball player.
By the time the 18-year-old leaves central Florida eight days from now, the first chapter in a very thick instruction book will have been written for him – and by him.
Pistons.com editor Keith Langlois answers your questions about the Pistons and NBA. Click here to submit your questions - please include your name, email address and city/state on the form. Return to the Mailbag homepage.
We reserve the right to edit your question for the sake of brevity or clarity.


text:
Indiana and Illinois State Police after warning motorists to drive cautiously or even rethink your trip because of hazardous roads this afternoon across the region.
A winter storm warning was issued at 3:17 p.m. for Will, Kendall, and Grundy counties after a prediction of an additional one to two inches of snow and winds increasing to 25-30 miles per hour, gusting up to 50 miles per hour, state police said in a release.
Conditions are expected to "rapidly deteriorate'' beginning at about 6 p.m., with blizzard-like conditions possible because of the blowing snow and motorists are being urged to stay at home.
Travel conditions are expected to remain hazardous through Tuesday.In the Lowell, Ind. area, drivers should be aware of potentially hazardous conditions on I-80/94 and I- 65 -- specifically on I-65 into Lafayette and I-65 and on I-80/94 from Burr Street to Kennedy Avenue are experiencing numerous slide offs, spin outs, jack knifes, and crashes, Indiana State Police said in a statement.
Semis and four wheel drive vehicles are not exempt from these crashes, a large or heavy vehicle or four wheel drive capability does not keep the driver from being affected, the statement said.
Hazardous road conditions are being reported throughout the Lafayette area on I-65 also.
Throughout the early morning hours new snow has fallen, add wind and sub zero temperatures this has made icing and black ice on a large portion of the roadways, especially on bridges and ramps.
INDOT crews have been spreading salt and abrasives and state police are imploring all drivers to rethink their trip.
Use alternate routes, expect long delays and slow down. Remember to move over and slow down for emergency lights and plows, state police advised.
Meanwhile, in Will, Grundy, and Kendall counties in Illinois are experiencing blowing and drifting snow causing hazardous road conditions and areas of zero visibility, according to another state police release.
Major areas of concern include I-57 in Will County and I-55 south of I-80 while additional areas of concern include IL Rt. 47, IL Rt. 17, and all secondary roadways bordered by open areas where blowing and drifting snow are normally a problem, the statement said.
Due to the excessively low temperatures and heavy winds, causing snow drifts across the roadways, several vehicles are losing control and crashes are occurring.
Interstate 57 is experiencing drifting and blowing snow throughout Kankakee, Iroquois and Ford Counties. Secondary roads are also snow experiencing drifting and blowing snow. Visibility on all roadways is limited due to the blowing snow, the statement said.
Illinois State Police authorities are asking drivers to monitor changing weather conditions, limit their travels, and be prepared to allow plenty of time to reach your destination. Drivers are also encouraged to put extra water, food, and warm clothing their vehicle. Please contact your nearest police department if you vehicle becomes disabled or involved in a crash.
A Winter Weather Advisory is in effect until at least 6 a.m. Monday.
Snow began falling about 3 a.m. Sunday at O'Hare International Airport, according to the National Weather Service. Soon after that, state police began responding to a large volume of crashes and spinouts on local expressways.
Hours later, it remained "treacherous out there," Sgt. George Jimenez of the Illinois State Police said.
"We still have snow-covered expressways," Jimenez said about 5:30 a.m. "They're still slick."
Crews from the Illinois Department of Transportation are "working diligently" to improve conditions, but continuing snow is making the job difficult, he said.
"The whole expressway system is being hit hard," he said.


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Top Definition
a slow, delicious death.
instead of cigarette smoking, i took up taco bell. don't spare the awesome sauce.
dari Dave Selasa, 05 Agustus 2003
103 more definitions
fast food place that gives you the shits
grande combo= try not to shit yourself special. After you eat it your shit wants to think outside of your buns and run for your border.
dari nick Selasa, 02 Maret 2004
most effective laxative known to man.
"Shit, I am constipated, lets go to taco bell!"
*1 Hour Later* "Oh man, I am going to extrude masssive quantities of shit out of my ass thanks to taco bell!"
*1 Hour Later* "Oh man, I am going to extrude masssive quantities of shit out of my ass thanks to taco bell!"
dari ex lax Jum'at, 29 Juli 2005
The place to go if you want to shoot liquid poop out of your ass within two hours.
Yo Quiero Taco Bell.
dari AYB Selasa, 18 Februari 2003
In 2032, the only restaurant chain to survive the franchise wars.
Oh shit, im really gonna need those three sea shells.
dari therealrichieedwards Selasa, 09 November 2004
A place to eat when you want to cure your constipation. You'll be squirting fire in no time at all.
It's been four days since I've had a crap. I think I'll go eat at Taco Bell.
dari Frogbutt Selasa, 30 November 2004
The single best place to steal sporks from.
Lets go get some sporks from Taco Bell. Maybe we can even pick up a strange disease from the food while were there!
dari Freak Obscene Jum'at, 30 April 2004


text:
Financial Fringe Benefits Preferred by Public School Teachers in Story County, Iowa
Mathre, John Thomas
MetadataShow full item record
SubjectEmployee fringe benefits--Teachers--Iowa; Job security--Teachers--Iowa; Teachers--Iowa--Job satisfaction
43 leaves
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"The effect of income choice on bias in policy decisions made using cost-benefit analyses" Courard-Hauri, David (Elsevier Science Incorporated, 2004-12-01)Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) is often used in policy decisions to determine the economic value of various choices. Although the effects of income disparity are well accepted, one of the reasons for the success of this ...


text:
Breast Cancer Gene
[Sorry, the video for this story has expired, but you can still read the transcript below. ]
CHARLAYNE HUNTER-GAULT: A new study by researchers at the University of Texas at San Antonio has found that a single gene may be linked to most breast cancers. This new research published in today's issue of the "Journal of Science" builds on a study from last year that linked the gene primarily to inherited breast cancer. To help explain the findings and their potential impact, we turn to Dr. Francis Collins, the director of the Human Genome Project in Bethesda, Maryland. The project is a federally-funded effort throughout the country to map all 100,000 genes. Dr. Collins joins us tonight from Ann Arbor, Michigan. Dr. Collins, thank you for being with us. And in the simplest terms, can you explain the major finding and what it adds to our understanding of breast cancer.
DR. FRANCIS COLLINS, Director, Human Genome Project: (Ann Arbor) Well, I'll give it a try. This is a very interesting new chapter in what has been a fascinating story over the course of the last year or so as we have begun to understand something about the basic molecular biology of breast cancer at least as it relates to this gene called BRCA-1. To explain this, it's helpful to sort of make a distinction between a gene, which is like an instruction book, and the protein that it codes for. What we learned about a year ago is that about 5 percent of breast cancer comes about because people have inherited a copy of the BRCA-1 gene that has a misspelling, so the instruction book is wrong. And we were sort of surprised, because we thought when we looked at sporadic breast cancers, we would also find that their instruction book, their gene, had a glitch in it, and that was not the case. What's being reported today by Dr. Wenwa Lee and his colleagues at San Antonio is that while the instruction book is okay, the protein product that this particular gene produces is in the wrong place in the cell. So instead of going to the place where it ought to be going to do its work, it's in the wrong place, and, therefore, it's not carrying out its function.
CHARLAYNE HUNTER-GAULT: And this is surprising because you thought that the only time that this gene functioned this way was when it was through an inherited line?
DR. COLLINS: I'm afraid I've lost the sound.
CHARLAYNE HUNTER-GAULT: You've lost the sound? Can you hear me now? Can you hear me, Dr. Collins? We're going to try to see if we can restore the sound, because you have some very important information to share with us about this gene. I was talking to you about the fact that this time last year you discovered that this gene accounted for the cancers in about 5 percent of women who constituted–5 to 10 percent of women who constituted those who inherited this gene, is that right?
DR. COLLINS: That's right.
CHARLAYNE HUNTER-GAULT: And now you've found that it encompasses far more women.
DR. COLLINS: Well, again, let's try and make this distinction a little clear. It's clear that the gene, itself, is not misspelled in most women who have breast cancer. 95 percent of them, the gene, itself, seems to have the correct spelling. But the protein product that it makes, which is sort of what carries out the action, while it's there, it's in the wrong place in the cell. Let me clarify that. So normally it appears–and this is what this report is showing today–this protein is in the nucleus, which is sort of the control center of the cell–but in cancer cells, instead, it's not in the nucleus, it's out in the cytoplasm. Something is keeping it from getting to its proper location, and that apparently is bad, because that correlates very strongly with the cancer cells, as opposed to the normal cells. You can think of it this way. You can sort of think of cancer as sort of a striking image, as a fire that's raging where the cells are, instead of behaving themselves; they're growing too fast. They're burning. And BRCA-1, if you look, is like a fire extinguisher. It has the capability of putting out that fire. That's sort of what it's there for. In the person who's inherited a misspelled copy of the gene, they're kind of missing the fire extinguisher. It's just not there, but what's reported today is that many breast cancers, the fire extinguisher is there, it's in the wrong part of the house. Instead of being in the kitchen where the fire is, it's down in the basement.
CHARLAYNE HUNTER-GAULT: So–
DR. COLLINS: That could be good news, because it might enable us to figure out a way to get this thing back to where it should be, to locate it more properly, instead of having it in the wrong place. It's there. It's just not in the right part of the cell.
CHARLAYNE HUNTER-GAULT: So who is this good news for? Is it good news for the women who inherit–who have the inherited trait, or is good news for all of the women who have this misplaced gene?
DR. COLLINS: Well, I think it's a little too soon to say exactly what this is going to amount to. Clearly, nothing has changed as of right now as far as the way that we detect or treat breast cancer. But what it could suggest is for the people who don't have the inherited form of the gene, this same gene is, in fact, playing an indirect role, and we may be able to learn enough about that to develop therapies that are more effective than the ones we currently have. But I would hasten to say that is a number of years down the road. What this gives us is sort of a new paradigm for understanding how breast cancer comes to pass. That's always a useful thing.
CHARLAYNE HUNTER-GAULT: So just how excited should we be? I mean, how significant is this, and does it have any practical applications at all? I mean, can women be screened for it, for example?
DR. COLLINS: I think immediately as of today the practical applications are not yet with us. What you might expect would come out of this are two things: First of all, it may be possible using this observation about whether the protein is in the wrong place or the right place, to determine whether a particular cancer is going to be a bad actor or whether it's going to be relatively benign, and to design therapies accordingly. In the longer-term, I think this suggests strategy, a new kind of idea for cancer, where instead of trying to replace something that's missing, you take something that's already there, but it's in the wrong part of the cell, and move it to where it needs to be. That kind of a strategy really couldn't have been thought about before today. Again, I don't think we should overstate this. It's going to be some time before this is clarified and before it's clear whether this does lead us to new therapies. And I think we have to be cautious about that. I'd even say it's not absolutely clear that what the investigators have observed is a cause of cancer and not an effect. It's also possible that the cancer cell places this protein in the wrong place for some other reason. What you're looking at is a symptom rather than a cause. That needs to be sorted out.
CHARLAYNE HUNTER-GAULT: So how long is this going to take, and what is the next step for science, and how should we in the public be viewing all of this now?
DR. COLLINS: I think it's important to recognize that cancer biology is going through a revolution at the basic science level, and this is another chapter in that, a very interesting one, sort of a chapter with a twist. But the timetable between taking those basic science discoveries and turning them into things that apply in clinical medicine is an unpredictable one. I would say we're probably several years away from knowing what today's discovery specifically means for the treatment of the disease.
CHARLAYNE HUNTER-GAULT: Well, Dr. Collins, thank you for sharing what you have with us.
DR. COLLINS: My pleasure.


text:
We will never sacrifice quality simply to make a buck. So grab a brew, pull up a patch of grass, and join us in the shade. Read more
Funding Unsuccessful
This project's funding goal was not reached on February 3, 2012.
We will never sacrifice quality simply to make a buck. So grab a brew, pull up a patch of grass, and join us in the shade.
Shade Tree Brewing Company
Project by
Shade Tree Brewing Company
First created | 9 backed
About this project
Thanks for taking the time to look at our project! We won't waste your time telling you about us, because if you're interested you can just read up on our profile (at the right) or our Facebook page. Instead, let us tell you about the Shade Tree Brewing Company project.
Shade Tree: Short and Simple
Much like many other breweries on Kickstarter, our project is to get our humble little nano-brewery off the ground. Over the past two years, we've spent a lot of our own money, time, and [especially] elbow-grease scraping together the equipment we need to get a very small brewery off the ground. We've built an entire 3 barrel brewing system by hand and from scratch, including the brewhouse, 3 head peristaltic pump, and HERMS (that's Heat Exchanging, Recirculating Mash System). We've also managed to acquire a plate chiller, diaphragm pump, and 12x12 walk in cooler (which we will be converting to a two-chamber fermentation/cold crash facility).
But despite all of this effort and do-it-yourself determination, our labor of love has finally reached the point in our endeavor in which the DIY attitude can go no further. We need kegs, fermentors, and licenses...and we need help getting them.
Why Shade Tree?There are quite a few little breweries that have gone the Kickstarter approach. Some have been successful, some haven't. So what makes us different? And why should you dedicate some of your attention and donations to our cause?
The answer is straight forward: We want to do more than just make great beer. Shade Tree Brewing Company was launched by a vision that intended not to launch a brewery that serves a community, but rather a brewery that is a community. To every extent possible, our intent is to include our community in the brewing process. Some of our approaches to achieve this will include:
- Buying local ingredients
- Supplying local farms with our spent grain to use as feed or fertilizer
- Sponsoring community-created beers
- Facilitating the craft beer and homebrew movements through education, competition, and festivals
In summary, we don't want this brewery to be about us. Nor do we want it to be about our beer alone. We want it to be about creativity and community in appreciation of good beer everywhere.
How Can You Donate?It seems complicated at first, but in reality all you need is a Kickstarter account and an Amazon account. Both are free, and only require an email address, a password, and a few seconds to set it up. With those in hand, simply click on the bar to the right, select the amount you want to pledge, and Kickstarter will walk you through the rest!
THANK YOU for taking an interest in our project!
David and Andrew
You may have noticed that many of our items say "to be picked up at the brewery". This is because we don't want to guess how much shipping to your location would be. If you want one of these rewards, select it and add shipping costs as well. US buyers, we can ship the shirts and pint glasses for $5. We can ship the growler for $10. Legally though, we cannot ship anything with beer in it.
You selected
$2 reward
1 backer
Shout Out -
Give us your name and a comment (keep it clean!) and we'll include you on an online thank-you list of backers! And yeah, we'll add you to this list for bigger contributions too...Estimated delivery:
You selected
$6 reward
6 backers
Golden Ticket -
What you need is a commemorative STBC Kickstarter ticket which can be redeemed for one free beer at the taphouse. Keep the ticket as a memento!Estimated delivery:
You selected
$16 reward
5 backers
Golden Glass -
You're ticket this time is a little more snazzy, as it can be redeemed at the brewery for a Shade Tree Brewing Company pint glass. (Sorry, the glass isn't ACTUALLY gold)Estimated delivery:
You selected
$25 reward
7 backers
Golden Growler -
You're on the list, but forget that puny pint glass. How about a whole growler (which can be picked up at the brewery)?Estimated delivery:
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$25 reward
4 backers
Score Some Duds -
How about a t-shirt to show your devotion to Shade Tree? You can pick it up at the brewery, or we'll mail it to you (US only, contact us for international shipping).Estimated delivery:
You selected
$50 reward
1 backer
Formal Wear -
Forget T-shirts, we'll give you a Shade Tree brewer's shirt...the same button-up, embroidered logo shirt that David and Andrew wear when crafting their brews. We'll even put on a patch with your name on it!Estimated delivery:
You selected
$100 reward
9 backers Limited (18 left of 27)
Name that Keg -
Want to make a permanent impression on Shade Tree? Select this reward and we'll let you name a keg. We'll also let you take a pic with the keg you named and will hang it in our brewery. Sounds like someone's got their next Facebook Profile pic!Estimated delivery:
You selected
$500 reward
0 backers Limited (20 left of 20)
Brew-In -
Got a homebrew club? Know a few friends that brew? This is the reward for you! Select this reward and we will give you free reign of our brewery for 24 hours (supervised, of course). During that time, you and your friends (as many as the fire marshal will allow) can come into our brewery and make as much 'wort' as you want. We estimate that if you plan it right, you could make 6 BBL's of wort during this time. This is enough for you and 36 of your friends to each fill their carboy's! You can make one recipe, multiple recipes, whatever. Heck, you can do a Parti-gyle if you want. You can even just sit and oogle the equipment for 24 hours if you so please. Ingredients are not included in the price of this reward but if you let us know what you want with enough advanced notice, we can get you the bulk rate that we pay.Estimated delivery:
You selected
$1,000 reward
1 backer
Party in the Shade - If you're this generous of a person, then you've probably got a LOT of friends. Let us throw you and your adoring hoards a two-barrel party. We can host it at the brewery, or if you'd prefer, we'll bring the party to you (within 150 miles of the brewery).Estimated delivery:
Funding period
- (60 days)


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Spicy Chipotle Glazed Meatloaf
For the loaf:
1 TBS canola oil
1 small yellow onion, finely diced
1/2 bulb fennel, cored and finely diced
1 small red bell pepper, seeded and finely diced
1 cup fresh bread crumbs
1/3 cup whole milk
1/3 cup fresh parsley, minced
1 TBS fresh oregano, minced
3 cloves garlic, minced
1 1/2 lbs ground beef
1 egg
2 TBS pureed Chipotle in adobo
1/4 cup ketchup
3 TBS Worcestershire sauce
1 TBS Montreal (Tony's Calgary Steak) seasoning
1/2-1 tsp kosher salt
1/2 tsp freshly cracked black pepper
For the topping:
3/4 cup ketchup
1/4 cup pureed Chipotle in adobo (or less if you dont like spicy food)
2 TBS Worcestershire sauce
2 TBS Dijon mustard
Preheat oven to 350 degrees. Place rack in upper 1/3 of oven.
Place a large saute pan over medium heat. Add canola oil to the pan and allow the oil and pan to preheat. Once the pan is hot (about 2-3 minutes), add the diced onions, fennel, and red pepper. Season with a pinch of kosher salt and freshly cracked black pepper. Saute over medium heat for 10-15 minutes, stirring occasionally, until onions are completely translucent and fennel is soft. Remove from heat and allow veggies to cool slightly, 1-2 minutes.
While the veggies are cooling, prepare the topping. Add all ingredients for the topping into a small mixing bowl. Whisk to combine thoroughly.
Place the fresh bread crumbs into a large mixing bowl. Add whole milk and stir. Once the bread crumbs have absorbed all of the milk, add the sauteed veggies to the bowl. Add the rest of the ingredients for the loaf into the mixing bowl. Using your hands, thoroughly mix all of the ingredients into the ground beef.
Pour the mixture out onto a sheet pan. Form the meat into a long loaf about 3 to 4 inches tall and 4 to 5 inches wide. Once the loaf has taken shape, pour the topping down the center of the top of the loaf, lengthwise. Using the back of a spoon, evenly spread the mixture over the top allowing a small amount of the topping to slightly drizzle down the sides.
Place meatloaf into a preheated 350 degree oven on the rack in the upper 1/3. Bake at 350 for 50-60 minutes until the loaf has cooked through and the topping has begun to caramelize. Remove from oven and let rest for 5 minutes before slicing and serving. Enjoy! - slightly adapted from http://www.whatwereeating.com/recipes/chipotle-glazed-meatloaf/
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text:
Methods for processing print jobs in rendering devices include constructing display list objects for to-be-printed objects and determining if two or more sequential objects are combinable. If so, a masked indexed image replaces the objects and has dimensions matching the overall bounding box size of the combinable objects. Indexed image values of the masked indexed image correspond to look up table entries, in turn, corresponding to color values of pixels of the combined object. In this manner, memory space is made available. Determining combinability of objects occurs by examining whether the objects are opaque, have regions as stencils, have similar color intensities, have the same halftone screens, share comparably sized or proximate bounding boxes or for other reasons. Head and tail pointers delineate sequential objects on the display list. The masked indexed image can be uni- or multi-dimensional. Computer readable media and graphics engines in printers are preferred implementation structures.
1. A method for processing a print job, comprising:
constructing a display list with a plurality of objects being sequentially linked together on the display list, including constructing attributes of an object type, an object region or an object ink for each of said objects;
determining whether two or more sequential said objects are combinable by examining one or more of the attributes; and
replacing said two or more sequential said objects with a masked indexed image.
2. The method of
3. The method of
4. The method of
5. The method of
6. The method of
7. A computer readable media having computer executable instructions for performing the steps recited in
8. A printer having a graphics engine with computer executable instructions stored in a memory accessible by the graphics engine for performing the steps recited in
9. A method for processing a PDL print job in a printer, said PDL print job having at least two to-be-printed objects, comprising:
receiving an indication that said at least two to-be-printed objects have been presented;
constructing a display list having two sequentially arranged display list objects thereon, said display list objects corresponding to said at least two to-be-printed objects;
determining whether said display list objects are combinable;
replacing said display list objects with a masked indexed image; and
constructing a look up table having entries corresponding to values of said masked indexed image.
10. The method of
11. The method of
12. The method of
13. The method of
14. A method for processing a print job, comprising:
constructing a display list with a plurality of objects; and
constructing abounding box for two or more sequential said objects for replacing said two or more sequential said objects with a new object, said bounding box having a region boundary therein masking a merged boundary of said two or more sequential said objects.
15. A method for processing a print job, comprising:
constructing a display list with a plurality of objects; and
constructing a bounding box about two or more sequential said objects for replacing a said two or more sequential said objects with a new object, said bounding box having a plurality of indexed image values one of said indexed image values being used to represent an area outside a union of said two or more sequential said objects of said bounding box.
The present invention relates to achieving optimization during processing of print jobs in a rendering device, such as a printer. In one aspect, it relates to constructing display list objects, corresponding to the to-be-printed objects of the print job, and replacing pluralities of sequential objects with a single, new object to free memory space. In another aspect, it relates to constructing a masked indexed image for replacing the sequential objects.
The art of printing with rendering devices, such as laser or other printers, is relatively well known. In general, printing results by creating a bitmap of the print job and sending the bitmap to appropriate printing mechanisms to obtain a hard copy output. During processing, some rendering devices create display lists to intermediately represent the to-be-printed objects. Appreciating that thousands of memory locations or more are required for this intermediate representation, rendering devices can mismanage their available memory which sometimes leads to print overruns. Moreover, memory mismanagement can slow the print job processing time. Accordingly, a need exists in the printing arts for achieving optimization in memory usage and processing time.
The above-mentioned and other problems become solved by applying the principles and teachings associated with the hereinafter described methods and apparatus for achieving optimization during processing of print jobs in rendering devices, such as printers. Methods for achieving optimization include constructing display list objects for to-be-printed objects and determining if two or more sequential objects are combinable. If so, a masked indexed image replaces the objects and has dimensions matching the overall bounding box size of the combinable objects. Indexed image values of the masked indexed image correspond to look up table entries, in turn, corresponding to color values of pixels of the combined object. In this manner, memory space is made available, while at the same time retaining the original color information of the to-be-printed objects, in case color blending is required with a subsequent to-be-printed object on the display list.
Preferably, determining combinability of objects occurs by examining whether the objects are opaque, have bounding boxes of a desirable size or proximity, have inks with limited numbers of colors, have regions with single colors, have similar color intensities and have the same halftone screens. Groups of combinable objects will also have overall bounding boxes of a desirable size and/or will have no more different colors than the maximum number of colors the index allows (e.g., if the index is eight bits, then no more than 256 unique colors are allowed; if the index is sixteen bits, then no more than 65536 unique colors; etc.). Head and tail pointers point out sequential objects on the display list having potential combinability. If combinable, the masked indexed image replaces the objects between the pointers. If not, the head and tail pointers are reset on other objects and combinability is reassessed. In one embodiment, the masked indexed image embodies multi- or uni-dimensional indexed images. If uni-dimensional, they also include an appropriate scalar value for accurately representing the entirety of the indexed image.
The display list aspect of the invention includes objects linked together in a variety of ways and a root precedes the objects. The root includes a flag for indicating, or not, a hard raster processing operation of one or more of the objects. After optimization, to-be-printed objects are rendered into device specific pages in memory. Rendering includes conversion of color values from a first color space specified by the PDL into a second color space of the rendering device and applying halftoning. Rendering can occur on a page-by-page basis of the print job or after all pages of the print job are received. The device specific pages include bitmaps ready for hand-off to an engine interface to invoke the print mechanisms of the printer.
Printer drivers for installation on host devices and graphics engines in laser printers are preferred structures for practicing the foregoing. To store information, both have dedicated memory or access to non-dedicated memory. The graphics engine embodiment preferably includes an interface with one or more PDL emulators dedicated to processing a particular language type, such as PCL, Postscript or the like. It also includes an interface with an engine interface and, when processing is complete, the graphics engine hands off a bitmap, in device specific colors and halftoned, to an engine interface to invoke the print mechanisms of a laser printer to produce a hard copy output. The printer driver embodiment preferably includes computer executable instructions on optical disks or other storage medium and/or can be downloaded from the internet, for example.
These and other embodiments, aspects, advantages, and features of the present invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art by reference to the following description of the invention and referenced drawings or by practice of the invention. The aspects, advantages, and features of the invention are realized and attained by means of the instrumentalities, procedures, and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims.
In the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments, reference is made to the accompanying drawings that form a part hereof, and in which is shown by way of illustration, specific embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. These embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention, and it is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and that process, electrical, mechanical and/or software changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. The following detailed description is, therefore, not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the present invention is defined only by the appended claims and their equivalents. In accordance with the present invention, methods and apparatus for achieving optimization during processing print jobs in a rendering device are hereinafter described.
Appreciating users of the invention will likely accomplish some aspect of the methods in a computing system environment,
When described in the context of computer readable media having computer executable instructions stored thereon, it is denoted that the instructions include program modules, routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, patterns, trigger mechanisms, signal initiators, etc. that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types upon or within various structures of the computing environment. Executable instructions exemplarily comprise instructions and data which cause a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or special or general purpose processing device to perform a certain function or group of functions.
The computer readable media can be any available media which can be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer or device. By way of example, and not limitation, such computer readable media can comprise RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage devices, magnetic disk storage devices or any other medium which can be used to store the desired executable instructions or data fields and which can then be accessed. Combinations of the above should also be included within the scope of the computer readable media. For brevity, computer readable media having computer executable instructions may sometimes be referred to as software or computer software.
With reference to
Although the exemplary environment described herein employs a hard disk 127, a removable magnetic disk 129 and a removable optical disk 131, it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that other types of computer readable media exist which can store data accessible by a computer, including magnetic cassettes, flash memory cards, digital video disks, removable disks, Bernoulli cartridges, random access memories (RAMs), read only memories (ROM), downloads from the internet and the like. Other storage devices are also contemplated as available to the exemplary computing system. Such storage devices may comprise any number or type of storage media including, but not limited to, high-end, high-throughput magnetic disks, one or more normal disks, optical disks, jukeboxes of optical disks, tape silos, and/or collections of tapes or other storage devices that are stored off-line. In general however, the various storage devices may be partitioned into two basic categories. The first category is local storage which contains information that is locally available to the computer system. The second category is remote storage which includes any type of storage device that contains information that is not locally available to a computer system. While the line between the two categories of devices may not be well defined, in general, local storage has a relatively quick access time and is used to store frequently accessed data, while remote storage has a much longer access time and is used to store data that is accessed less frequently. The capacity of remote storage is also typically an order of magnitude larger than the capacity of local storage.
A number of program modules may be stored on the hard disk 127, magnetic disk 129, optical disk 131, ROM 124 or RAM 125, including but not limited to an operating system 135, one or more application programs 136, other program modules 137, and program data 138. Such application programs may include, but are not limited to, word processing programs, drawing programs, games, viewer modules, graphical user interfaces, image processing modules, intelligent systems modules or other known or hereinafter invented programs. A user enters commands and information into the computer 120 through input devices such as keyboard 140 and pointing device 142. Other input devices (not shown) may include a microphone, joy stick, game pad, satellite dish, scanner, camera, personal data assistant, or the like. These and other input devices are often connected to the processing unit 121 through a serial port interface 146 that couples directly to the system bus 123. It may also connect by other interfaces, such as parallel port, game port, firewire or a universal serial bus (USB).
A monitor 147 or other type of display device connects to the system bus 123 via an interface, such as a video adapter 148. In addition to the monitor, computers often include other peripheral output devices, such as speakers (not shown). Other output or rendering devices include printers, such as a laser printer 161, for producing hard copy outputs of sheets 1, 2, 3 . . . N of paper or other media, such as transparencies. In general, the hard copy output appears as a representation of what a user might view in a print preview screen 163 of an original program application displayed on the monitor. In this instance, the hard copy appears as three side-by-side objects, especially a red (interior-filled) vertically oriented rectangle, a green ring with a white interior and a blue (interior-filled) triangle, and all reside in a non-overlapping fashion near a bottom 7 of sheet 1. In one embodiment, the printer 161 connects to the computer or host device by direct connection to the system bus via a cable 167 attached to parallel port interface 165. In other embodiments, it connects via wires or wirelessly to the serial port interface, USB, Ethernet or other. Often times a driver, for installing necessary software on the computer 120 for the computer and printer to interface properly and to provide a suitable user interface with the printer via the monitor, becomes inserted as the optical disk 131, the magnetic disk 129 or can be downloaded via the internet or retrieved from another entity as a file. Some forms of the present invention contemplate the driver as storing computer executable instructions for executing the methods of the present invention.
During use, the computer 120 may operate in a networked environment using logical connections to one or more other computing configurations, such as a remote computer 149. Remote computer 149 may be a personal computer, a server, a router, a network PC, a peer device or other common network node, and typically includes many or all of the elements described above relative to the computer 120, although only a memory storage device 150 having application programs 136 has been illustrated. The logical connections between the computer 120 and the remote computer 149 include a local area network (LAN) 151 and/or a wide area network (WAN) 152 that are presented here by way of example and not limitation. Such networking environments are commonplace in offices with enterprise-wide computer networks, intranets and the Internet, but may also be adapted for use in a mobile environment at multiple fixed or changing locations.
When used in a LAN networking environment, the computer 120 is connected to the local area network 151 through a network interface or adapter 153. When used in a WAN networking environment, the computer 120 typically includes a modem 154, T1 line, satellite or other means for establishing communications over the wide area network 152, such as the Internet. The modem 154, which may be internal or external, is connected to the system bus 123 via the serial port interface 146. In a networked environment, program modules depicted relative to the computer 120, or portions thereof, may be stored in the local or remote memory storage devices and may be linked to various processing devices for performing certain tasks. It will be appreciated that the network connections shown are exemplary and other means of establishing a communications link between the computers may be used. Moreover, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the invention may be practiced with other computer system configurations, including host devices in the form of hand-held devices, multi-processor systems, micro-processor-based or programmable consumer electronics, network PCs, minicomputers, computer clusters, main frame computers, and the like.
With reference to
During use, as is known, when the host or other device has a print job ready for printing, the host sends data to the printer in a form ready for processing by the printer. Often, this data embodies the well known form of a PDL. In general, PDL is a language (expression protocol) indicating which parts of a page contain text characters and which parts contain graphic images. It also has instructions on how to draw a to-be-printed object and its control therefor. It further includes a protocol for describing bitmap data. Some of the more well known forms of PDLs include Hewlett Packard's printer control language (PCL), PCLXL, Adobe's POSTSCRIPT, Canon's LIPS, IBM's PAGES and IPDS, to name a few. Yet, the printer may not know how many host or other devices are connected to it, on which I/O port(s) they may reside and in what form the PDL print job will arrive. Accordingly, the input interface 210 of the printer performs the following two well known functions. First, it assesses (by looping through the I/O ports) which, if any, of the I/O ports have a print job for the printer and, if a print job exists, locks onto such port. Second, it supplies the print job to the appropriate PDL emulator 212 in accordance with the PDL language type. As shown in
As an example, consider the following PDL file, embodied as an imaginary POSTSCRIPT file, having programming language tokens or command operations, as in Lines 1-6, for rudimentarily printing a thin black line 310 (
As a preliminary matter, skilled artisans will appreciate the color (black) of the to-be-printed object (e.g., thin black line 310) first appears to the printer in a color space specified by the host or other device and it is incumbent upon the printer to convert such color space into whatever colors it functions in. In this instance, the color received by the printer corresponds to red, green, blue (r, g, b) color values which, in turn, relate to the colors generated by the monitor 147 (
Interpreting these lines of code, the color (black) of to-be-printed object (i.e., thin black line 310) has a red color in the computer color plane corresponding to a zero value (please appreciate this number ranges between a plurality of values that maps generally to 256 possible different color selections), a green color corresponding to a zero value and a blue color corresponding to a zero value, or black. The object has a linewidth value of 1 point ( 1/72″, for example). With reference to
Regarding the interaction between the PDL emulator 212 and the graphics engine 214, it occurs in a well known iterative or back-and-forth manner. For example, the PDL emulator sequentially parses or processes a single command line of the above PDL file and relays it to the graphics engine. In response, the graphics engine returns information to the emulator notifying it of completion, for example, and then the PDL emulator goes and processes the next command line. The PDL emulator then communicates to the graphics engine about the next line of the PDL file, whereby the graphics engine responds, and so on until complete. In actuality, however, each individual command line need not require interaction with the graphics engine or any one single command line may invoke many interactions with the graphics engine and is well known in the art. To facilitate processing, each of the emulator and graphics engine have access to their own dedicated memory (M) for these and other purposes. In addition, during the "showpage" command operation, the 0,0,0 red, green, blue colors of the PDL file become converted into the CMYK toner colors of the rendering device printer. Preferably, the graphics engine performs this conversion and stores the printer colors in what artisans refer to as device specific colors or color planes. In this instance, since four colors exist in the printer (C, M, Y, K), the graphics engine stores four color planes. In mono printers, only one plane would exist. Skilled artisans also know color conversion from computers, or other hosts, into device specific colors occurs through well known processes often comprising specific entries in a look-up table and linear or other interpolation methods between the specific entries.
To actually invoke the lasers of the printer or other print mechanisms 218 (including, but not limited to, paper pick mechanisms, rollers, belts, photoconductive members, fusers, sheet feeders, toner cartridges, duplexers, and the like), the graphics engine 214 communicates directly with an engine interface 216. Preferably, the graphics engine supplies a bitmap rendered in device specific color and halftoned. The engine interface, in turn, supplies the requisite information, usually in the form of signals, to the print mechanisms to produce hard copy sheets 1, 2, 3 . . . N, for example.
For any given print job, the PDL file (through the PDL emulator) will eventually signal or indicate to the graphics engine that the graphics engine has been presented with or received all to-be-printed objects for a given page of a print job. In some instances, this occurs when the PDL emulator calls for the graphics engine to perform the "showpage" command. With reference to
The rendering of to-be-printed objects occurs, first, by having the graphics engine build, create or otherwise construct a display list having one or more to-be-printed objects for a given to-be-printed page. In essence, the display list comprises pluralities of data structures found in addresses or locations linked in memory that together describe a given to-be-printed object(s) and a to-be-printed page. A display list root begins the display list and points to the first object. The first object then points to the second object and so on until all objects are connected, in memory, for a given to-be-printed page of a print job. Preferably, all object(s) on the display list occur in the same exact order that the PDL file presented them to the graphics engine. Alternately, the display list order can be constructed to preserve the time domain order of color blending operations for each and every pixel on the to-be-printed page across all objects presented by the PDL.
In more specificity,
In one embodiment, the object type attribute corresponds to whether the to-be-printed object is an image, such as a jpeg, a stencil, such as a rectangle, or a character (a, b, c . . . x, y, z, 0, 1, 2, . . . ). In other embodiments, it could correspond to a group of related objects. The object region attribute corresponds to the physical location of the to-be-printed object on the to-be-printed page and the geography of the object type, such as the pixel dimensions of a rectangular stencil. It may also include information useful in processing the object such as a region bounding box. The object ink attribute corresponds generally to how to "paint" each pixel within the object region. With more specificity, the painting of each pixel means 1) what color to apply to each pixel for that to-be-printed object; and 2) how to apply pixel coloring in instances when pixels of multiple objects overlap one another on the to-be-printed page. In category 2), this typically includes a math or logic function specified, in a well known manner by the PDL as part of the PDL file, such as a Boolean expression, when the PDL emulator is of PCL language type, or an algebraic expression for PDF languages. As a representative example, a PCL language has 256 possible logic functions. A PDF language has about 16 math functions. Although shown in a given order on the display list object 500, the attributes may occur in any order desirable and the actual memory locations representing the attributes of the object need not be contiguous or sequential. With reference to
With reference to
With reference to
A representative flow chart broadly illustrating this design is shown in
In accordance with a more preferred embodiment of the invention, consider the working example of
For example, the to-be-printed object green square originally has a color value of 0,1,0 (r, g, b) for each of its pixels, the red square originally has 1,0,0 (r, g, b) for each of its pixels while the blue square originally has 0,0,1 (r, g, b). Once merged together, the pixels of one to-be-printed object not obscured by overlying portions of other to-be-printed objects remain the color values originally presented. In this instance, this corresponds to the indexed image values of 1, 2 and 3 and corresponding LUT entries 1120-1, 1120-2, and 1120-3, respectively. As a result, instead of three individual objects being carried on a display list having individual type, region and ink attributes, a single, new object in the form of an indexed image takes their place and points to entries of a LUT. This saves on memory. Skilled artisans will appreciate that while three to-be-printed objects are shown merged into one new object, in practice tens, dozens, hundreds or more objects may become merged or replaced with a single, new object thereby saving even more memory than that illustrated.
Another example of a bounding box to facilitate in this technique of optimization can be seen in
With reference to
In particular, at step 1410, the head and tail pointers are set to point at a first object. At step 1412, if the next object on the display list is potentially combinable with the previous object, the tail pointer is advanced to the next object, step 1414. Thereafter, the process repeats until a future object is not combinable with the previous objects, such as in the case of object 4, 500-4 from
In an alternate embodiment of creating a masked indexed image to replace pluralities of combinable objects on a display list, consider the side-by-side overlapping to-be-printed blue, red and green rectangles of
Once the display list is complete, the graphics engine renders the to-be-printed objects into device specific pages in memory. In one embodiment, this includes the graphics engine ascertaining the object type attribute e.g., 502, 902, of the to-be-printed object; ascertaining the object region attribute e.g., 504, 904, and converting the color information, on a pixel-by-pixel basis for that to-be-printed object, into the device specific colors (e.g., CMYK) as previously described. Next, it performs well-known halftone operations for the to-be-printed object so it will appear properly to the human eye when viewed as a hard copy output. Next, the memory addresses or locations corresponding to that object, i.e., the display list object 500, 900, are released or freed so that the graphics engine or other structure can use them for future operations as necessary. If additional to-be-printed objects appear on the display list that require rendering, the graphics engine repeats the process until all to-be-printed objects are rendered in memory. At this point, the graphics engine can hand-off the bitmap, in device specific colors and halftoned, directly to the engine interface 216 (
In general, it is known to have either host based control of printing or to have device or printer based control of printing. Heretofore, printer based control has been exclusively described. In an alternate embodiment, however, the foregoing could be implemented through host-based control wherein the printer driver, installed on the host from some sort of software media, e.g., optical disk 131 (
The present invention has been particularly shown and described with respect to certain preferred embodiment(s). However, it will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that a wide variety of alternate embodiments, adaptations or variations of the preferred embodiment(s), and/or equivalent embodiments may be made without departing from the intended scope of the present invention as set forth in the appended claims. Accordingly, the present invention is not limited except as by the appended claims.
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It's easy for a lack of planning to result in stress. However, for us, the opposite happened. We had the advantage of traveling during low season; while some sites were closed, most lodging options, and even the roads, were empty.
There's more than love in the air this spring in Paris, as the city's top museums and cultural spaces unveil a scintillating roster of new events and ...
It's safe to say this year's winter definitely had us looking forward to spring! We may have theoretically passed that long-awaited first day of spring, but in Canada, Mother Nature doesn't seem to be ready to give up with grace. To beat back our late winter blues, we rounded up top Canadian Instagrammers who've been capturing the beauty of Canada and the rest of the world, whatever the season.
Now that spring's near, rather than just watching leaves come back, which is nature's equivalent of watching paint dry, why not go somewhere extra awesome to punctuate the season change?
I'm flailing about like a balloon, and he has to pull me upright. We drive out to where the dogs are chained up -- 14 absolutely magnificent furry and friendly animals, barking, caterwauling, yelping and howling in one mighty cacophony.
New Mexico may not receive the same attention as its neighboring states of Colorado or Utah, but the Land of Enchantment has its fair share of great skiing.
Some gear you'll be forced check in because of TSA policy, whether you want to or not and incur the baggage fee. Other sports equipment fall within the normal checked baggage and oversize/overweight policy.
Are you ready for a spring break vacation with kids but exhausted from searching for affordable flights? Finding inexpensive airfares during peak travel times is a challenging game to play with few reliable rules except supply and demand.
San Diego, Hawaii and Mexico all have miles of sunny beaches and an array of family fun activities. No matter which destination you choose, here are some great deals for your next sunny family vacation.
The amount of energy extracted in freezing portions of one of the world's three greatest waterfalls boggles the mind. But there it is, segments of the American Falls (and columns of the Horseshoe Falls) frozen in time, literally.
Through even the worst of winter, everyone knows there's something to look forward to: spring. The season brings warmer weather, blooming flowers and, of course, the rite of passage that is spring break. But with so many warm-weather destinations to choose from, it can be difficult to decide which sunny spot is right for you.
Whether your ideal spring break involves joining the throngs of college students at the beach or squeezing in a spur-of-the-moment family getaway, chances are, you're ready for a recess. After all, it's been a mind-numbingly cold winter.
Equipment, gear, lodging, lift tickets. The costs can add up. But do not despair! There are still simple ways to ski on a budget. Ladies and gentlemen, don your Guy Fawkes mask: It's time to democratize skiing with these six ways for saving big bucks this season.
Throughout the northern hemisphere, teams of ice and snow sculpture artists from around the world come together to compete in sculpting events with the resulting artworks put on display for the rest of us to enjoy.
Twerk in your ski boots at a Vegas-style club in Lake Tahoe; don furs at a bar fashioned from 20 tons of ice in Queenstown, New Zealand; clink glasses of champagne paired with caviar at Aspen's roving pop-up Oasis Bar; or hug complete strangers while shooting schnapps at Trofana Alm in Austria. From refined to rowdy, we've rounded up 17 bars where you can celebrate post-slopes.
While there are lots of options in the Caribbean, the islands of Turks and Caicos (TCI) remain a popular choice among the luxury travelers looking for a winter getaway.


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You can now invite anyone to meet at your favorite Starbucks.
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35 year old woman | Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA | Seeking men 35-50 within 50 miles
I am looking for a successful, handsome and kind man to love and share my life with.
I'm a very open, positive and friendly woman who enjoys life to the fullest. I have a variety of interests and I am always open to experience something new. I have traveled extensively and enjoy meeting people, learning about their cultures and sampling new cuisine. I like going out for a romantic dinner and dancing. I like shopping as well. I enjoy a variety of music. I also enjoy movies, theater and concerts. I am athletic and like a variety of sports activities. But sometimes I prefer a quiet romantic evening at home. I especially enjoy a man with a great sense of humor who makes me laugh. I am a very happy and well-adjusted woman. I have a beautiful smile and I love to laugh ! One of my unique attributes is my commitment to excellence in all of my endeavors. I am looking for the man of my dreams, my soulmate, and enjoying a very fulfilling fun-filled life together.
Coffee and conversation , Dining out , Movies/Videos , Museums and art , Music and concerts , Nightclubs/Dancing , Playing sports , Shopping/Antiques , Travel/Sightseeing , Wine tasting
Aerobics, Billiards / Pool, Bowling, Cycling, Dancing, Golf, Inline skating, Skiing, Swimming, Tennis / Racquet sports, Walking / Hiking, Weights / Machines
I exercise 1-2 times per week.
Don't display my sign
I have Dogs, Fish
I like Horses
Italy, France, Florida, Switzerland...
Movies: Roman Holidays: My Fair Lady; Young Catherine; Marie Antoinette; Mr Mrs Smith. Alexander; LA VIE EN ROSE. Music: Madonna; Edith Piaf; Frank Sinatra; Andrea Bocelli; Mozart; Mozart; Beethoven; Vivaldi.
Fine dining; Dancing; Shopping; Museums; Dinner theater; Concerts; Movies; Symphony; Ballet; Bicycling; Tennis; Swimming; Walking on nature trails or on the beach; Jet Skiing; Boating.
Madame Bovary by Gustave Flaubert Les Miserables by Victor Hugo
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
|What she is looking for
|5'8" (172cms)
|5'8" (172cms) to 6'5" (195cms)
|Body type:
|Athletic and toned
|Athletic and toned
|No preference
|Light brown
|No preference
|No Way
|No preference
|Social Drinker
|Social Drinker, Moderately
|Medical / Dental / Veterinary / Fitness
|Executive / Management, Financial / Accounting / Real Estate, Legal, Medical / Dental / Veterinary / Fitness, Self-Employed / Entrepreneur
|Never Married
|Never Married, Widow / Widower, Divorced
|Have kids:
|Yes, and they live at home (1)
|Yes, and they sometimes live at home, No, Yes, and they live away from home, Yes, and they live at home
|Wants kids:
|I'll tell you later
|Definitely, Someday
|White / Caucasian
|White / Caucasian
|Christian / Other
|Christian / Catholic, Christian / Protestant, Christian / Other
|English, Russian
|PhD / Post Doctoral
|Bachelors degree, Graduate degree, PhD / Post Doctoral


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