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A system and method for integrating advanced messaging capabilities in a wide area wireless personal communications system is provided. The system includes personal transceiver units capable of communicating with one or more of a plurality of long range pagers. The transceiver and long range pager use existing frequencies and formats of the wireless personal communications system. The method provides for registering a personal transceiver in a two way messaging service area of the wireless personal communications system.
1. A personal access communications system for implementing full two way voice and data service in a voice service area and two way messaging in areas outside the voice service area, the personal access communications system comprising:
a plurality of radio ports for implementing the full two way voice and data service in the voice service area, the radio ports transmitting voice and data signals on a first communication channel;
at least one portable transceiver unit adapted to receive and transmit voice and data in addition to receiving and responding to paging signals; and
a plurality of long range pagers for transmitting and receiving paging signals wherein the paging signals are integrated into the voice and data transmission format of the personal communication system, the long range pagers defining a paging service area outside of the voice service area wherein the long range pagers share a second communication channel different from the first communication channel.
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12. A wide area wireless personal communication system incorporating advanced messaging capability comprising:
at least one short range transceiver having an operating range defining a voice service area for providing voice and data communication to a user having a personal transceiver unit, the at least one short range transceiver operating on a first communication channel;
a two way messaging service area for providing advanced messaging services to users via a plurality of long range pagers, the long range pagers operating on a second communication channel different from the first communication channel, the long range pagers sharing the second communication channel.
13. The system of
14. The system of
a forward error correction encoder in communication with a Hadamard transform encoder;
said Hadamard transform encoder in communication with a parallel-to-IQ converter; and
a bit spreader coupled to a pseudo-random number generator for receiving an I and a Q serial information stream from the parallel-to-IQ converter.
15. A method of registering a personal transceiver unit in a two way messaging service area of a wireless personal communications system comprising the steps of:
monitoring a SBC broadcast in a voice service area with the personal transceiver unit;
switching to a predetermined paging frequency if no SBC is detected;
acquiring a long range pager broadcasting on said paging frequency by (a) searching for a strongest received long range pager signal; (b) synchronizing the transceiver unit to a long range pager having the strongest signal, and (c) reading a transmitter ID for the long range pager having the strongest signal; and
registering a location of the personal transceiver unit with the wireless personal communications system via the long range pager.
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The present invention relates to a system and method incorporating advanced messaging in a wide area wireless personal communication system.
Wireless personal communication systems have varying voice communication ranges. When a user is outside the voice range of the system, calls directed to the user in that wireless personal communication system have nowhere to go and often end in an answering machine or other answering service. Because of the modern day need to be both accessible and mobile, many people carry pagers that operate in a system separate from their wireless or cellular service. The pager allows these users to keep apprised of all calls while outside the voice communications range of the wireless system. Pagers, however, typically only permit communication in one direction so that the user has no means for interacting with the caller or controlling the disposition of the call. Having to use a separate pager involves extra hardware that a person must carry at all times and, at the provider end, requires a separate network of communication facilities.
Currently, there is a need for a system and method for a wide area wireless personal communication system incorporating advanced messaging without the need for separate pagers and completely autonomous paging or messaging systems. Further, there is a need for an advanced messaging system that is integrated with a wireless network and requires a minimum of separate or additional communication lines or specialized equipment to be utilized by a wireless communication system provider. Additionally, a system and method for providing advanced messaging services in existing wireless personal communication systems would be desirable.
The present invention provides a system and method for providing advanced messaging services in a wide area wireless personal communication system. According to a first aspect of the invention, the system is a system for paging a user in an existing wireless personal communication system including a portable personal transceiver unit which is adapted to receive and transmit voice and data information in addition to receiving and responding to paging signals. The portable transceiver unit receives paging signals and responds to paging signals through at least one long range pager. Preferably, the two way messaging capability is integrated into existing wireless communication system protocols and frequency schemes so that the long range pager and personal transceiver unit may utilize existing electronic hardware.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a method of registering a personal transceiver unit in a two way messaging service area of a wireless personal communications system is provided. A personal transceiver unit monitors broadcasts from transceivers in a voice service area. If no transceivers in the voice service area are detected, the personal transceiver tunes to a predetermined paging frequency. The personal transceiver next acquires a long range pager signal and registers its location with the wireless communications system via the long range pager.
The invention itself, together with further attendant advantages, will best be understood by reference to the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a preferred integrated wireless voice and paging system according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a wireless personal communication system.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a subscriber unit that may be used in the system of FIG. 1.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a RF section for a portable subscriber unit.
FIG. 5 is an illustration of a preferred message format sent by the subscriber unit of FIG. 2.
FIG. 6 is an illustration of a message format sent by a radio port.
FIG. 7 is a functional block diagram of an encoder in the subscriber unit of FIG. 2.
FIG. 8 is a functional block diagram of a decoder in the subscriber unit of FIG. 2.
FIG. 9 is a functional block diagram of a radio port that may be used in the system of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a block diagram of a radio port.
FIG. 11 is a block diagram of a hybrid radio port/radio port controller.
FIG. 12 is an illustration of a preferred long range pager message format.
FIG. 13 is a flow chart showing a preferred method of registering a personal transceiver.
FIG. 14 is a block diagram of a bit spreader for use in a long range pager.
FIG. 15 is a front view of a personal transceiver with integrated two way messaging and voice features.
FIG. 16 is an illustration of a preferred return path message transmission format.
Referring to FIG. 1, a preferred two way messaging system 400 of the present invention is shown. The network coverage area 402 for the wide area wireless personal communication system 400 includes one or more voice service areas 404 and one or more two way messaging service areas 406. A "wide area" wireless personal communication system, as the phrase is used in this description, refers to a wireless personal communication system having a general communication range covering a greater geographical area than the voice communication range. For example, a preferred wide area system may offer voice communications for a city and offer advanced two-way messaging services over a larger regional area.
Each user in the system 400 of FIG. 1 preferably has a personal transceiver unit 408 capable of communicating with one or more of a plurality of long range pagers (LRPs) 410 or fixed transceiver units 412 in the system 400. In one preferred embodiment, the system is based on a personal access communications system (PACS) such that the personal transceiver units 408 are subscriber units (SUs) and the fixed transceiver units 410 are radio ports (RPs). The PACS-based network may include a radio port controller (RPC) 414 that manages the RPs 412 and LRPs 410. The RPC 414 communicates with a switch 416 that switches calls between the system 400 and other networks such as the public switched telephone network (PSTN) 418.
As background for the present invention, reference is made to FIGS. 2-11 to illustrate one wireless personal communication services (WPCS) environment in which the system and method of the present invention may operate. A typical architecture for a wireless PCS system includes subscriber units (SUs), radio ports (RPs), one or more radio port controllers (RPCs), and an access manager (AM). The SUs transmit information to the RPs using radio frequencies. RPs are small devices typically mounted to existing utility poles. The RPs are connected to an RPC using wireline facilities. Each RPC is connected to a switch that is part of the public switched telephone network (PSTN) and the AM. The AM provides overall coordination of the call handoff across RPCs, has the function of mobility management, and supports subscriber related features such as registration and authentication.
A consortium of telecommunication entities has recently developed a proposed standard for providing WACS PCS. This standard outlines the above-mentioned architecture. Further details concerning this proposed standard are set out in Bellcore Corp. publication TR-INS-001313 entitled Generic Criteria for Version 0.1 Wireless Access Communications Systems (WACS) published October 1993 (herein sometimes referred to as the specification). The publication is available to those interested in WACS PCS from Bellcore Corp. at Bellcore, Customer Services, 8 Corporate Place-Room 3C-183, Piscataway, N.J. 08854-4156, or at 1 (800) 521-CORP. Also, the reader may refer to Bellcore manual SR-ARH-002315 describing specific modulator and demodulator requirements in the SU and the RP.
Additionally, the U.S. Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) has recently approved a PACS standard known as PACS Air Interface Standard J-STD-014. Generally, the WACS standard calls for 2 millisecond transmission frames containing 100 bits of information (64 message bits) transmitted at 400 kilobits per second (kbps). The format for the PACS standard is 2.5 millisecond frames containing 120 bits of information (80 message bits) transmitted at 384 kbps. The reader is presumed to be familiar with these standards and with related technological issues known to those having ordinary skill in the art.
FIG. 2 illustrates a general block diagram of a wireless personal communication system 10 that may be used for WACS or PACS. The system 10 includes subscriber units (SU) 20, transceiver units which may be radio ports (RP) 50, radio port control units (RPC) 60, an operations maintenance center (OMC) 70, a local digital switch (LDS) 80, and an access manager (AM) 90. The SU 20 communicates with the radio port 50 via radio links. Each RP 50 communicates with an RPC 60 via transmission lines, typically standard T1 lines. The RPC 60 controls radio links and transmission lines carrying various voice and data communications. The switch 80 controls access between one or more wireless systems 10 and the public switch telephone network (PSTN) 12. The AM 90 provides call control, communicates with the switch 80 to provide voice paths between the WACS/PACS network and the PSTN, and connects to a home location register-visitor location register (HLR-VLR) 91.
The SU 20 may be either a fixed subscriber unit or a portable subscriber unit. A fixed subscriber unit may be connected to an analog telephone by standard two (or more) wire analog telephone lines. The SU 20, fixed or portable, provides voice and data quality comparable to a wired system. A portable subscriber unit is similar to the fixed subscriber unit 20 but also includes a mouthpiece, an earpiece, and a user interface keypad. The portable subscriber unit 20, in one embodiment is similar to a cellular phone. In another embodiment, the portable SU 20 is functionally similar to a cordless phone. Unlike many cordless and cellular phones, however, the portable SU 20 digitally processes and filters all voice signals prior to broadcasting.
Subscriber units 20 provide wireless access for both voice and data information. An SU 20 may be located in the home or the office. Multiple SUs 20 may be in range of a single RP 50 and may be in broadcast range of each other. Unless otherwise indicated, the term subscriber unit (SU) applies to both the fixed and the portable versions in the following descriptions.
The portable SU 20 may be used in either low mobility, pedestrian environments or in higher mobility, automobile environments. In a high mobility environment, the RPC streamlines processing by sending some of the layer 2 messages from at least one of the DSPs in the STM instead of processing the message in the CAP. Also, the SU 20 may include a plurality and preferably two receive chains connected to the two antennas to assure optimum reception in a fast fading environment encountered during high vehicular mobility.
Referring to FIG. 3, a preferred implementation of an SU 20 is shown in greater detail. The SU 20 has five connections to the outside environment: an RF receive antenna 30, an RF transmit antenna 29, a telephone connection 61, a data port 62, and a debug port 63. Internally, the subscriber SU 20 comprises an RF receive section 21, an RF transmit section 22, an analog port 23, a digital dataport 24, a timing generator 25, a memory section 66, and a databus 26 connecting all the internal blocks together.
The RF receive section 21 receives an RF input signal from the antenna 30. As shown in FIG. 3, there appear to be two antennas 29, 30 connected to the receive section 21. One antenna 29 is actually switched between the transmit and receive sections 21, 22 in standard WACS/PACS PCS. The RF section 21 recovers voice information from the RF signal in the form of a 32 kilobit per second (kbps) ADPCM signal. The RF section 21 also demodulates correlation information in the RF input signal. The received information, whether voice or data, is then placed on the databus 26. Conversely, the RF transmit section 22 receives voice or data information from the databus 26 and performs the function of transmitting voice or data information. Voice information is compressed to 32 kbps ADPCM and data information is simply modulated onto RF signals for transmission.
The analog port 23 receives analog information such as from an analog telephone and converts it to digital 32 kbps ADPCM for further processing and transmission over a radio link. Voice information arriving from the databus 26 in 32 kbps ADPCM form is converted to an analog signal and is communicated to a telephone connected to the port 23. The digital port 24 manages data signals sent to and from both the debug port 63 and the data port 62. The databus 26 is a data line connecting the various internal functions of the SU 20. Preferably, the databus 26 is a 16-bit wide communication line.
A standard two wire loop may connect the analog port 23 to a standard analog telephone. Analog voice signals picked up at the handset of the telephone will be converted in a subscriber line interface chip (SLIC) 56 from the two wire signal to a four wire signal. The four wire format voice signals are sampled and coded into a 64 kilobit per second mu-law pulse code modulated (PCM) signal by a PCM codec 48 in the SU 20. The digital signal is then processed in the digital signal processor (DSP) 49 which compresses the PCM signal into a 32 kbps ADPCM signal. In a portable SU the SLIC 56 is unnecessary because the voice signals are received from a mouthpiece attached to the portable SU. The same circuit board may be used for either portable or fixed applications. A switch or jumper may be used on the circuit board to designate the board's application. Alternatively, the board may be loaded without the SLIC 56 when a portable SU is desired. The universality of the circuit board design allows for cost savings to consumers and system operators.
In either type of SU, the DSP 49 sends the ADPCM signal along a databus 26 to the RF transmit section 22 where it enters a transmit buffer 45. The digital signal is temporarily stored in the transmit buffer 45 and then is transferred to the channel encoder 44. The channel encoder 44 encodes the digital signal with synchronization information in accordance with instructions stored in a programmable read only memory (PROM) 46 integrated circuit. The program stored in the PROM 46 is a decoding and encoding algorithm such as that disclosed in the Bellcore specification which anyone of ordinary skill in the art may program in to a PROM or other memory device. The encoded digital signal is transported through a serial-to-parallel (S/P) converter 43 to a modulator 42. The encoded signal is then converted from digital to analog in a digital-to-analog (D/A) converter 41 and transmitted from the transmit RF section 40 by an RF antenna 29.
Digital data signals originating at the digital input port 24 follow a different path. Initially, the signal coming in at a digital port 24 passes through an RS-232 connection 64 into a DUART device 65. The data information signal, unlike a voice signal, is not compressed into ADPCM format. The digital data signal is not processed in the PCM codec 48 or DSP 49. Instead, it proceeds along the same databus 26 as the voice signals and goes directly to the transmit buffer 45, the encoder 44 and then to the MOD 42 for modulation onto a carrier frequency.
After modulation, the signal (regardless of whether voice or data) is then converted to an RF signal approximately within the range of 1.8 to 2.2 GHz and transmitted from the RF transmit section 22 at an average power of approximately 10-20 milliwatts. The peak power transmitted is preferably no more than 200 milliwatts.
In standard WACS/PACS PCS, the output power of the RF transmit section 22 is controlled by a power control channel (PCC). The PCC can control the output power in steps of 0.75 dB +/−0.25 dB steps, with the total adjustment range being approximately 30 dB. A power controller 42 in the RF transmit section 22 of the SU 20 translates the power control instructions originating from the RPC 60.
Signals received by the SU 20 from a WACS/PACS PCS system first arrive at the RF antennas 29, 30 and are processed through a receive RF unit 31. The received analog signals are converted to digital form in an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter 32 and then demodulated in a demodulator 33. The demodulated wave form is then passed through a parallel-to-serial (P/S) converter 34, decoded in a channel decoder 35, and passed through a receive buffer 36. As part of the demodulation and decoding of the signal, the signal is also passed through a digital correlator 37 to analyze timing synchronization. The decoded signal in the receive buffer 36 then passes on to the databus 26 to the appropriate analog or digital port 23, 24 as determined by the DSP 49. Suitable parts for the A/D and D/A converters 32, 41 are a CXD1175AM-T6 A/D converter and a CXD1171-T6 D/A converter available from Sony Corporation. The Demod and Mod 33, 42 may be components as described in Bellcore specification.
FIG. 4 shows a block diagram of one version of an RF transmit and receive section 900 for a portable SU. On the transmit (Tx) signal side, the RF section 900 has a modulator 902 that modulates the outgoing digital signal into I 904 and Q 906 lines which connect to a pair of I,Q mixers 908. The pair of I,Q mixers 908 utilize the reference frequency from a second local oscillator (LO2) 910 to mix the I and Q transmit signals 904, 906 to a first intermediate frequency (IF) transmit signal centered at 295.15 MHz for licensed band frequency transmissions. The first IF transmit signal is then filtered in a bandpass filter 912, such as a discrete circuit of inductors and capacitors centered at 295.15 MHz, before being mixed again in a mixer 914.
The mixer 914 receives the first IF transmit signal and a mixing frequency from a first local oscillator (LO1) 916. The LO1 is capable of producing frequencies in the range of 2.125 to 2.205 Ghz adjustable in 300 kHz steps. The first IF transmit signal is mixed to a higher,frequency second IF transmit signal in the mixer 914 in the range of 1.85 to 1.93 GHz. After mixing, the second IF is passed through a first gain stage 918, a bandpass filter 920 with a pass band of 1.85 to 1.93 GHz, and a second gain stage 922. Once the signal passes through the second gain stage 922, it proceeds through a transmit/receive (T/R) switch 924 that connects the signal to an uplink antenna 926 for broadcast over the airwaves.
Received signals in the range of 1.91 to 1.99 GHz arrive at both the uplink antenna 926 and the downlink antenna 928. The T/R switch 924 connects one of the antennas to the receive portion of the RF section 900. The received signal is first amplified in a gain stage 930, such as a low noise amplifier to control the noise figure, and is then passed through a bandpass filter 932 with a pass band of 1.91 to 1.99 GHz to a mixer 934. The mixer 934 mixes the received signal with a reference frequency generated by LO1 916 to create a first IF receive signal. A bandpass filter 936 centered at 215.15 MHz and connected to the mixer 934 filters the first IF receive signal.
The filtered first IF is then mixed in a second mixer 938 and downconverted to a second IF centered at 10.7 MHz. Another bandpass filter 940 filters the second IF and connects to a third mixer 942. The third mixer 942 down converts the second IF to a third IF, centered at 768 MHz, by mixing the second IF against a reference frequency. The reference frequency may be a 9.932 MHz signal generated by a crystal oscillator. The third IF continues on to an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter 946 and the rest of the SU circuitry for timing measurements and recovery of the voice or data information.
The RF transmit and receive section 900 is based on a frequency scheme determined by the reference oscillator 948 which is preferably a temperature controlled crystal oscillator (TCXO) set at 15.36 MHz. The TCXO 948 signal is passed through a divide-by-four (�4) circuit 950 and connected to a mixer 952. The mixer 952, in one embodiment, may be an image rejection mixer. The mixer 952 receives the divided TCXO 948 signal and a signal directly from the TCXO 948. The mixer 952 mixes these frequencies to a higher frequency, of 19.2 Mhz. The 19.2 MHz reference frequency branches off into two paths. One path connects to a divide-by-48 (�48) circuit 956 and the other path connects to a divide-by-64 (�64) circuit 954. The �64 954 signal, preferably a 300 kHz signal, is connected to LO1 916. The �48 circuit 956 produces a 400 kHz signal and is connected to LO2 910. The TCXO signal also passes through a divide-by 5 (�5) circuit 958 for use by the A/D converter 946 as a 3.072 MHz reference. Other frequency schemes may be used and the TCXO signal may be used to create reference frequencies to the rest of the SU.
The central processing unit managing the processes in the SU 20 is a digital signal processor (DSP) 49. A Texas Instruments TMS320C50 DSP chip is suitable. Other DSP chips, such as a TI TMS320C53 may also be used. The DSP 49 is used for both signal controls and performing the 32 kbps ADPCM speech encoding/decoding. The DSP 49 operates as a 16-bit parallel load processor utilizing a 16-bit wide data bus 26. The DSP 49 is driven by a clock frequency received from the RF transmit 22 and receive 21 sections. The clock frequency is approximately 16 MHz but higher or lower frequencies may be used.
The SU 20 may also include an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) for performing the control functions of cyclic redundancy checking, general synchronization of incoming and outgoing signals, digital phase-locked loop. In addition, the compression/decompression of the signals may be completed by the ASIC. Referring again to FIG. 3, an ASIC may replace the channel decoder 35, channel encoder 44, digital correlator 37, and the DUART 65.
Two components in the SU 20 require the attention of the DSP 49. The DUART 65, which handles data flow, and the channel encoder/decoder 44, 35, which is preferably a single chip such as a Xilinx XC4005-6PQ208C, both generate interrupts to indicate that there is incoming data or that the component is ready for more data. The channel encoder/decoder 44, 35 generates two separate interrupts; one for encoding and one for decoding.
In standard WACS/PACS PCS, the SU 20 employs a time division multiple access (TDMA) method of communicating digital information to a radio port 50. As best seen in FIG. 5, the formatted information transmitted from the SU 20 to the RP 50 is arranged in eight time slot frames 59, each time slot 161 comprising 120 bits of information. The SU 20 broadcasts information onto one of the time slots 161 in radio transmission bursts to the RP 50. A particular RF frequency can carry one frame 59 of information. The SU 20 can sweep in frequency for available time slots in a frame 59.
Each 120 bit burst of information lasts approximately 312.5 microseconds (2.5 milliseconds/8 timeslots) and is synchronized such that the burst always corresponds with an appropriate time slot 161 that the SU 20 reserved for the particular transmission. Each time slot 161 of the transmitted message frame 59 carries information necessary to synchronize the SUs 20 transmission burst. Each TDMA burst from an SU 20 contains several information fields: guard band (GRD), differential encoding (DE), slow channel (SC), fast channel (FC), cyclic redundancy check (CRC), and a reserved bit (RES). The FC contains the speech or data transmitted from the SU 20 to the RP 50. The CRC information is computed at the SU 20 and used to compare against CRC data computed in the RP 50 for error detection or correction.
FIG. 6 depicts the standard formatted information received by an SU 20. An RP 50 transmits voice or data information to an SU in time division multiplex (TDM) format. TDM transmissions are continuous radio transmissions as opposed to the TDMA bursts. Again the SU 20 is allocated to a specific 120 bit time slot 171 in a frame 70. The time slot 171 includes a synchronization pattern (SYC), a slow channel (SC), a fast channel (FC) containing the speech or data transmitted from the RP 50, a cyclic redundancy code (CRC), and power control channel (PCC) information. The SYC and SC information comprise a 24 bit message that the SU 20 uses to synchronize with the RP 50. Synchronization and correlation are performed by the Xilinx chip. The CRC represents data computed at the RPC 60 useful for determining errors in transmission.
The channel encoder 44, such as a XC4005-6PQ208C from Xilinx at 2100 Logic Drive, San Jose, Calif. 95124-3400, preferably encodes a digital voice signal with the proper digital correlation information. The encoded signal is then modulated preferably using quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) in WACS, or π/4 differential quadrature phase shift keying (DQPSK) in PACS, with a raised-cosine spectral shaping filter.
As seen in FIG. 7, one method of encoding voice data generated at the SU 20 is to take the 64 kbps mu-law PCM signal created at the PCM Codec 48 and encode the information into 32 kbps ADPCM. The DSP 49 performs the encoding. The encoding is based on the CCITT Recommendation G.721 standard algorithm. The encoding process begins by converting the mu-law PCM to uniform PCM. After conversion to uniform PCM, a difference signal is obtained by subtracting an estimate of the input signal from the input signal itself. An adaptive quantizer is used to assign four bits to the value of the difference signal per sample. An inverse quantizer produces a quantized difference signal from these four bits. The signal estimate is added to this quantized difference signal to produce the reconstructed version of the input signal. Both the reconstructed signal and the quantized difference signal are operated on by an adaptive predictor which produces the estimate of the input signal, thereby completing the feedback loop.
Voice signals received on the antennas 29, 30 (FIG. 3) are 32 kbps ADPCM signals modulated on RF frequencies. The signals must be demodulated, converted to 64 kbps mu-law PCM in the DSP, and sent to the PCM Codec 48 for conversion into analog signals. The decoding, as illustrated in the functional block diagram of FIG. 8, is performed in a functional structure similar to the feedback portion of the encoder algorithm together with a uniform PCM to mu-law PCM conversion and a synchronous coding adjustment. The adjustment prevents cumulative distortion on synchronous tandem codings.
In standard WACS/PACS PCS, the radio port (RP) 50 performs the basic function of transmitting and receiving voice and data information between the SU 20 and the RPC 60. The RP 50 exchanges information with one or more SUs 20 over a radio link at RF frequencies, in the range of 1.8 to 2.2 GHz. The RP 50 may exchange information with a single RPC 60 over a standard T1 transmission line. In addition, one or more RPs 50 may communicate with the RPC 60 over a DS1 interface, a high bit-rate subscriber line (HDSL) interface, or T1 interface methods.
Additionally, the RP 50-RPC 60 interface may be a microwave, optical, or cable television line interface. The RPs 50 may be configured to utilize existing CATV cabling for RP 50-RPC 60 communication (or RP to RP communications in alternative configurations discussed herein). Existing unused bandwidth in the return band of the frequency division multiplexed television signals may be used on the CATV cabling. The CATV downstream and upstream signals are preferably frequency division multiplexed with the RPC to RP data signals and RP 50 to RPC 60 data signals respectively. The cable television return band is approximately 5 to 50 MHz. Both voice and data information may be sent in either direction along any of the RP-RPC (or RP-RP) interfaces. At higher data rates, video telephone calls having both audio and video components may be transmitted along these interfaces.
An RP 50 is less expensive to manufacture and easier to use than a base transceiver system in a cellular network. Typically, an RP 50 is mounted onto an existing telephone pole or the side of a building. RPs 50 do not perform any special per-call processing on signals, such as subscriber registration or authentication, and may therefore be inexpensively produced.
FIG. 9 best shows a functional block diagram of a basic RP 50. The RP 50 generally performs several functions including: transmission/reception of the radio frequency signals, channel coding/decoding of signals for synchronization with the network, and general performance measurements. The RP 50 contains an IF and RF section 51 receiving and transmitting information signals at RF frequencies over an antenna or antennas. Received RF signals at the IF and RF section 51 are downconverted to a 384 kilobits per second (kbps) data stream and sent to the channel encoder/decoder 53 function block. Although 384 kbps is shown, other data rates are equally suitable, such as the 400 kbps rate used in WACS. The channel encoder/decoder 53 function is controlled by a microprocessor 52. The channel encoder/decoder 53 function involves managing the timing of signals arriving and leaving the RP 50. The microprocessor function 52 manages the formation received from an RPC is encoded into 32 kbps ADPCM for transmission to an SU 20.
The basic RP 50 also performs radio channel measurements measuring the performance of SUs 20 and the RP 50. Controlled by the microprocessor 52, the radio channel measurement 54 is made and information is sent to the RPC for processing with each burst. Voice and data signals broadcast over a radio link at RF. frequencies are received at the RP 50. The RF frequencies are downconverted from the RF frequencies to a 384 kbps data stream in order to recover the information in the signal. The 384 kbps data stream is decoded, processed through a radio channel measurement unit 54 and then sent through a line interface card 55 for transmission over a T1 line connected to an RPC. The decoded information received from an SU 20 and sent on to the T1 line is in a 64 kbps PCM format. Conversely, signals received from the RPC are processed first through a line interface card 55 controlled by a microprocessor 52 and then encoded and converted to RF frequencies for transmission to an SU 20.
FIG. 10 illustrates the RP 50 in more detail. The RP 50 receives RF frequency signals from one or more SUs 20 on a pair of spatially diverse antennas 152, 154. The RP 50 is tuned to receive a particular frequency by the digital signal processor 174, such as a TMS320C53. The received signal from the SU 20 is then downconverted in the receive RF sections 155, 156 respectively attached to the spatially diverse antennas 152, 154. Each receive RF section 155, 156 downconverts the same frequency and channels the downconverted signal to an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter 157, 158 respectively attached to the receive RF sections 155, 156. The A/D converters 157, 158 may be 8 bit, 20 Megasample per second A/D converters such as a CXD1175AM-T6 manufactured by Sony Corporation. The digital signals are transferred to modem demodulators 160, 162, which may be implemented as a Xilinx XC4005 or Xilinx 4013 chip. Once the digital signals have been demodulated in the demodulating sections 160, 162 they are compared in a diversity selector 164.
A type of antenna diversity selection is described in standard WACS/PACS PCS that helps to produce the strongest signal possible in the radio port 50. At the diversity selector 164, that may be implemented with a Xilinx 4005 or Xilinx 4013 chip, the different RF downconverted signals demodulated in the demodulators 160, 162 are compared to find the best signal of the two that have been downconverted. Other forms of selection diversity may alternatively be employed such as known ratio combining or equal combining techniques. Ratio combining involves taking the better portions of each signal and combining the two portions to reconstruct the best signal. Equal combining requires taking equal amounts of both signals received on the antennas 152, 154 and combining them. Because the antennas 152, 154 are spatially diverse from one another, the RP 50 is more likely to receive a stronger signal. The antennas are positioned spatially and angularly diverse, and most preferably orthogonal, to one another.
Following reception and downconversion of the RF frequencies and diversity selection, the signal is then processed through a parallel-to-serial (P/S) converter 166 and input in serial format to a channel decoder 168. The channel decoder 168 decodes the correlation information. The channel decoder 168 may comprise a Xilinx XC4005-6PQ208C chip. Information decoded in the channel decoder 168 is then forwarded to a receive buffer 170 prior to being sent on a databus 173 to a destination determined by the digital signal processor 174. Voice information is transmitted along the databus 173 to the DSP 174. The DSP 174 decodes the 32 kbps ADPCM to 64 kbps PCM. The PCM Codec 176 receives the 64 kbps mu-law PCM and decodes it into an analog signal. The analog signal is then processed in a Data Access Arrangement (DAA) 178 for transmission along telephone lines.
If the information placed onto the databus 173 is data information, the data information is then directed by the DSP 174 to the appropriate dataports 188, 186. The dataports 188, 186 are connected to the databus 173 via a DUART which translates the information into an asynchronous serial input/output form that is then handed to an RS-232 port 184. Alternatively, if the information placed on the databus 173 is intended for processing through a WACS/PACS network, then the information is routed through a T1 transport 190, which may comprise an AT&T 1711SA chip, that interfaces with an RPC 60. When the RP 50 is connected to an RPC (or other RP) via existing CATV lines, the T1 transport 190 is replaced with a transport capable of modulating/demodulating the information up to the 5-50 MHz band available on the CATV line.
Voice information received from the telephone lines or the RPC 60 is transferred along the databus 173 to the transmit buffer 194 in preparation for encoding in a channel encoder 196. The channel encoder may be a Xilinx XC4005-6PQ208C chip. The encoder 196 may be programmed with an algorithm, such as is disclosed in the Bellcore specification, in firmware installed in a PROM 198. The RP 50 also has a memory block 175 for extra program storage capability. The channel encoder 196 encodes the received 32 kbps ADPCM signal with information regarding timing and synchronization. The encoded ADPCM signal is processed through a serial-to-parallel (S/P) 200 device to configure the signal for modulation in a modulator 202 which then transfers the signal to a digital-to-analog (D/A) converter 204. After conversion to analog form, the modulated signal is then converted to an RF transmission signal in a transmit RF section 206. The RF signal containing the encoded data is then transferred along the transmit antenna 208 to the appropriate SU 20. For transmission of data where no encoding is necessary the encoder 196 and S/P converter 200 are bypassed and the databus 173 is directly connected to the modulator 202. This decision may be controlled by digital signal processor (DSP) 174.
Another feature contained in the RP 50 is power control in connection with a subscriber unit 20. The radio port 50 collects data on received signal strength using a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) 172. The RSSI 172 is located on the RF receive portion of the RP 50. Also a word error indication bit (WEI) is received from an SU 20 and transferred through the DSP 174 to the RPC 60.
Generally, the RP 50 transmits a time division multiplex (TDM) transmission with 8 time slots. The RP 50 uses one of the time slots as a system broadcast channel (SBC) for reference by the SU 20 in synchronizing frames transmitted. Just as the SU 20 transmits into one of the 8 slots in bursts, the RP 50 transmits on all 8 slots. When transmitting, the RP 50 synchronizes with the rest of the system 10 using a timing generator 192 which operates at 384 kbps (in PACS applications). The timing aspects of the eight slot message 70 transmitted by the RP 50 is important both because information sent from an SU 20 must be synchronized to fit into the proper slot in a frame and because information transmitted to the RP 50 and then onto T1 lines must be synchronous with time slots available and expected by the system 10. As mentioned above, one format for the interface between the RP 50 and the RPC is DS1 over a T1 line. Similar to the time slots in the eight slot message transmitted between SU 20 and RP 50, the T1 line connected to the RPC 60 also has DS1 time slots which must be synchronized with the information.
Referring again to FIG. 6, formatted information transmitted via RF frequencies from the RP 50 to the SU 20 is illustrated. The SBC time slot contains 120 bits as do the other 7 time slots (all slots contain 100 bits in WACS). However, the 80 bit fast channel (FC) in the SBC is unused.
As best shown in FIG. 11, the RP 300 may be configured as a hybrid RP/RPC to process calls in a stand-alone system or between SUs 301, 303 in an intercom mode. When one SU 301 wishes to communicate with another SU 303 within range of a common RP, the RP 300 can connect the calls directly and avoid involving an RPC. The RP 300 may have two RF receive chains 302, 304 communicating with at least two antennas 306 through a switch 308. The RP 300 also includes a memory buffer 310 and a switching device for managing the information communicated over a first channel from a first SU 301 and information communicated on a second channel from a second SU 303. The channels may be TDMA time slots and the switching device 312 may be a time slot interchange unit (TSI).
In order to minimize hardware complexity, the DSP 174 (FIG. 10) in the RP may function as the time slot interchange unit. The DSP may shift voice and data communications between the specific SUs 301, 303 into and out of existing memory buffers in the RP. The memory buffer 310 for temporarily storing the information between bursts may be excess space in the memory block 175 RAM or extra storage space on a Xilinx XC4005-6PQ208C, or similar, programmable logic array chip. Incoming information from a first SU and destined for a second SU in communication with a RP is first removed from the appropriate time slot and put in a buffer. The DSP then removes the information from the buffer and routes it for transmission to the second SU in the appropriate outgoing time slot.
The RP 300 may also have an interface section 314 connected to the TSI 312 for communicating with the PSTN directly, another RP, or an RPC using T1, CATV or other communications links as described above.
Referring again to FIG. 1, advanced two way messaging services are provided by the system 400 according to the preferred embodiment. Each LRP 410 handles transmission of pages to users of a wireless system, such as PACS users, outside the coverage area of a conventional system of microcells but within the messaging service areas 406. In the forward direction, the network sends a page addressing the personal transceiver unit, preferably a subscriber unit. The page includes a service field that advises the user of whether the call which is waiting at the network is a voice call. In the return direction, from the personal transceiver unit 408 to the LRP 410, an acknowledgment will always be returned. This acknowledgment will indicate whether (1) the page has been received at the personal transceiver unit and (2) whether the user has read the page and selected from option keys which permit a user to deliver up to ten numeric and alpha numeric characters back to the fixed transceiver unit. In another preferred embodiment, the user has the option to choose to transfer the call to a predetermined location, such as a home or office, by pressing pre-encoded buttons on the personal transceiver handset. The user may also forward the call to any convenient cellular or land-line telephone by entering the telephone number for that phone into the portable transceiver unit. Many other options, such as a "do not disturb" button that forwards all calls to a voicemail system may be implemented.
The LRP 410, as shown in FIG. 1, is preferably a radio port as described above (see FIGS. 9 and 10) that has been adapted to be mounted at a higher elevation and use the same power output as the RPs in the voice communication areas. Alternatively, the power output of LRPs may be increased to, for example, compensate for specific terrain difficulties. In one embodiment, the LRPs may be mounted 100 to 200 feet off of the ground. These mounting structures may be similar to existing cellular antenna towers. By mounting the LRPs at a higher elevation than RPs 412, the broadcast range is increased. The LRPs 410 preferably cover a range equivalent to a standard cellular transmission radius of about 10 to 20 miles. RPs in a PACS voice network would be typically installed on poles at between 20 to 50 feet and higher. Each RP preferably provides a voice service area having a radius of 0.25 to 1 mile.
The LRPs, in one embodiment, use a combination of transmission techniques to increase the energy per bit transmitted (Eb) and thereby improve transmission range. The transmission techniques include transmitting at a lower effective bit rate. Other transmission techniques which may be used are a high gain forward error correction (FEC) technique and a repetition scheme which permits the decorrelation of fading in time. By combining these techniques, a 30 dB increase in effective received power per bit is achieved.
The LRPs 410 preferably use a single 300 kHz channel that is one of the sixteen channels already allocated for use in PACS. This 300 kHz channel is dedicated to LRPs and is shared by all the LRPs in the same system. The single channel sharing between the LRPs implements the same cellular concept of cluster reuse. In one preferred embodiment, there are twelve LRPs in a cluster. Within a cluster, the same channel is reused through a loosely synchronized TDMA scheme where each LRP uses {fraction (1/12)} of a frame.
As best seen in FIG. 12, the LRP transmissions are formatted in a six second frame 420, each LRP having one of twelve 500 millisecond timeslots 422 in that frame. The term "loosely synchronized" refers to the few milliseconds of leeway used to avoid overlapping the transmissions between LRPs. Within each of the time slots 422 of an LRP frame 420, each LRP uses a continuous TDM stream to transport the LRP information to an SU. Within the 500 millisecond timeslot there is preferably 25 milliseconds of guard time 423 and 475 milliseconds of continuous TDM transmission 424. The guard time is preferably a period of unused time where no information is transmitted to allow for potential delays and timing errors between transmissions (time slots) from different LRPs.
In one preferred embodiment, the continuous TDM transmission portion 424 of each LRP timeslot 422 is broken down into five 95 millisecond subframes 425. The subframes 425 each contain a 12 bit synchronization pattern (SYNC) that permits a personal transceiver unit to synchronize with the LRP. A transmit identification (TX ID) consisting of 4 bits is also included in each subframe 425. Each LRP has a unique TX ID and the 4 bits permits all twelve LRPs in a cluster to be individually identified.
Eighteen messages 426 of five milliseconds each preferably follow the SYNC and TX ID bits. In one embodiment each message 426 corresponds to a specific page directed to a specific personal transceiver unit. The messages 426 in a subframe 425 may be configured to repeat the same message twice within a subframe such that a total of nine paging messages can be transmitted in the forward direction. The repetition of messages in a subframe can be varied to accommodate system specific bit error and transmission requirements. By repeating messages in a subframe, the transmission range of an LRP may be increased by raising the effective energy per bit without having to increase LRP transmit power.
Using the LRP framing of this embodiment, a particular LRP may page once every 6 seconds. The LRP, during its 500 millisecond time slot, continuously repeats its message until acknowledged by the appropriate SU. An acknowledgment message from a personal transceiver unit, such as a PACS subscriber unit, may be received at any time during the 500 millisecond time slot allotted a particular LRP.
In operation, the LRP receives instructions to page a SU 408 outside the voice service area 404 of the system 400 once the SU has been located. When a SU is operating within a voice service area of a PACS system the SU is registered in the system and receives an alert phase and alert value when a call is incoming. Additionally, the LRP channel for that region in which the SU is operating is sent over the system broadcast channel (SBC).
When a SU moves away from the voice service area, the SU loses the alerting channel as well as any system broadcast channel (SBC) in conventional PACS. As shown in FIG. 13, the SU monitors 430 the SBC. If it is unable to find 432 any SBC, the SU switches 434 to the LRP channel and tries to synchronize a forward LRP transmission. The SU first searches 436 for the strongest received LRP signal and synchronizes 438 itself to the particular transmitter having the strongest transmission period. The SU then reads 440 the transmitter ID for the LRP in the cluster. Preferably, the transmitter ID is a 4 bit code. After successfully selecting one LRP transmitter in the cluster, the SU registers 442 its location with the LRP at a particular transmitter. As the SU moves within separate spheres of coverage for LRPs it continuously updates 443 its location with the LRP at specified predetermined intervals. The interval for updating may simply be every time a personal transceiver unit moves out of range of an LRP or at a fixed time.
An LRP uses the same modulation scheme, transmission rate and transmission frame structure of PACS in a preferred embodiment. In PACS, the modulation scheme is π/4 DQPSK, the transmission rate is 384 kilobits per second, and the information frames are 2.5 millisecond frames having 8 timeslots. Each frame 428 in PACS carries 120 bits of information. An LRP transmits at a much lower bit rate, as mentioned above, in order to maximize effective power. Each of the eight timeslots in a 2.5 millisecond PACS frame 428, usually used to carry 120 bits of voice information, is used to transmit 1 bit of an LRP message.
As shown in FIG. 12, the five millisecond messages 426 have 16 timeslots each. In one preferred embodiment, the 16 timeslots 427 (each carrying one bit of information) are divided so that 12 bits are personal transceiver address bits and 4 bits carry the message destined for the personal transceiver unit.
As shown in FIG. 14, the spreading of the 1 LRP bit over the 120 available transmitted bits per slot is achieved by combining two coding schemes with a spreading technique. Preferably, the coding schemes are r=⅓ FEC and Hadamard transform combined with a real spreading of 15 chips per Hadamard encoded bit.
FIG. 14 shows a block diagram of the LRP transmitter. A forward error correcting encoder (FEC) 444 provides three output bits for each information bit (r=⅓) with a block encoding scheme. The three bits at the output of the FEC are used to select a 8-arg (23) coded word from an orthogonal code as represented by the Hadamard transform block 446. After transform coding, each information bit is converted into 8 coded bits that are converted into two serial streams in the parallel-to-IQ converter 448. The I and Q stream containing the same coded information are further spread in the spreader 452 by two pseudo-random (PN) sequences with a length of 15 (24−1) chips per coded bit generated in the PN Generator 450. The spreader 452 is followed by the same π/4 DQPSK modulator used in PACS.
Once a page is received by an SU 408, the user is alerted to the incoming call. As shown in FIG. 15, the two way messaging feature is preferably integrated into the SU 454. A display 456 presents alphanumeric information on caller identification received from an LRP. The user may then direct the incoming call to a phone that is convenient to the user. By responding to the page via the alphanumeric keypad 458 on the SU 454, the user may enter the phone number of the nearest telephone. This information is relayed through the LRP back to the RPC 414 and switch 416. The SU may have preset keys 460 which are preprogrammed to direct the incoming call to specific destinations such as home, to another wireless system, or to an answering service. Again, the SU preferably broadcasts over existing PACS frequencies and message frame structures to the LRP which relays the information to a switch via the RPC.
In the return transmission link, as shown in FIG. 16, the SU preferably transmits continuous bursts to the LRP using a sequence of 2.5 msec frames 462. These frames, as in the PACS standard, are transmitted at 384 Kbps with π/4 DQPSK modulation, and are equivalent to an aggregation of 8 time slots. The transmission of burst in the return link is scheduled to avoid collisions in the return link. The scheduling of retransmissions on the return channel is related to the order in which the terminals receive their messages in the forward direction.
Every burst transmitted in the return direction (SU to LRP) consists of a synchronization field 464, message length field 466, alphanumeric message 468, and Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) field 470. The alphanumeric message 468 may be of variable length (L), where L is the number of octets (8 bit information segments) in the message 468. Preferably, the message length field 466 contains the value of L. Each octet is transmitted in a 2.5 msec frame containing eight slots with 120 transmitted bits per slot. A 120 bit slot carries one information bit.
The 120 transmitted bits in each slot are generated with each information bit using the same combination of encoding (FEC and Hadamard transform) and spreading used in the forward link. This encoding and spreading scheme is preferably implemented in DSP-based firmware that may be incorporated in existing or added memory in an SU. In another embodiment, the SU may be modified to include conventional channel coder electronics commonly used in the industry. Additional details on FEC, Hadamard transforms, and other commonly known encoding and spreading methods may be found in the text of Error Correcting Codes by W. Wesley Peterson published by the MIT Press.
In another preferred embodiment, a user may respond to a page with a brief voice message. In this embodiment, the user speaks into an SU 454 in response to a page and the SU digitizes the voice message for transmission to the caller. Because of the lower bit rate in two way messaging service areas 406, the digitized replies to a page must be brief and regenerated by a synthesized voice or a vocoder to the caller.
From the foregoing, a system and method of implementing advanced messaging in an existing wide area wireless PCS system has been shown. LRPs carrying paging messages and returning responses from personal transceiver units are described. A format and protocol for incorporating the messaging into existing frequencies and framing has also been described.
It is intended that the foregoing detailed description be regarded as illustrative rather than limiting, and that it be understood that the following claims, including all equivalents, are intended to define the scope of this invention.
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This clinical study is looking at the effects of foods and nutrients on metabolism and eating patterns.
Research Studies
This is a Phase II randomized-placebo controlled trial of a mushroom extract (Trametes versicolor or Tv) in women with early-stage estrogen receptor-negative and progesterone receptor-negative breast cancer who have completed adjuvant radiation therapy.
Menopause Effects on Obesity, Energy Balance & Insulin (Pennington Biomedical Research Center collaboration, Bastyr subcontractor)
This observational study examines changes in body composition, energy intake and physical activity in a cohort of 160 perimenopausal women. Annual assessments will be conducted for 7 years to determine the impact of changing reproductive hormone concentrations on body fatness, fat distribution,
A two-year study of 58 participants is planned. This study will test to see if there are benefits for juveniles (6-17) who take the herbal treatment to treat ADHD. Each participant and a parent or guardian will have study visits over a 9-week period.
Synergy in Immunomodulation by Spilanthes and Echinacea (UNC-Greensboro collaboration, Bastyr subcontractor)
The aims of this project are to determine which constituents of Spilanthes acmella and Echinacea purpurea have immunomodulatory activity and to assess the importance of synergy in the combined immunomodulatory activity of the two extracts.
K01 Mentored Research Scientist Development Award: Composition, Activity and Drug Interactions of Echinacea
The aims of this research project are to assess how Echinacea composition correlates with immunological activities, determine the role of cytochrome P450 metabolism in bioactivity of reportedly active constituents, and investigate whether distinct constituents synergize to enhance bioactivity of
Alkylamides present in Echinacea species have reported immunomodulatory actions, yet their direct effects on T lymphocytes, key mediators of antiviral immunity, are poorly understood.
A twin study of the effects of energy density and palatability on energy intake of individual foods.
The relative effects of energy density and palatability on energy intake, and whether there are familial influences on these effects, are not known.
Inhibition of PP2A, but not PP5, mediates p53 activation by low levels of okadaic acid in rat liver epithelial cells
The microbial toxin okadaic acid (OA) specifically inhibits PPP-type ser/thr protein phosphatases. OA is an established tumor promoter with numerous cellular effects that include p53-mediated cell cycle arrest.
Treatment of vasomotor symptoms of menopause with black cohosh, multibotanicals, soy, hormone therapy, or placebo: a randomized trial
Black cohosh used in isolation, or as part of a multibotanical regimen, shows little potential as an important therapy for relief of vasomotor symptoms. Clinical Trials Registration number: NCT00169299

subset: commoncrawl


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4 posts tagged with madmen by crossoverman.
Displaying 1 through 4 of 4.
It will shock you how much this... happened.
How 'Mad Men' Landed The Beatles. Apple Corps licenses a Beatles track to Lionsgate for use on last night's Mad Men. It's the first time a Beatles master recording has been licensed for use on a television show.
We get to see how the 60s ends!
After some tough negotiations, AMC and Mad Men creator Matthew Weiner have come to an agreement to resume production on the series, which has been renewed for two - and possibly three - more seasons.
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Originally written on Steelers Depot | Last updated 9/2/13
The Pittsburgh Steelers were back on the practice field Monday as they began preparing to play the Tennessee Titans Sunday in their 2013 season opener at Heinz Field. Rookie linebacker Jarvis Jones, who suffered a sprained chest in the third preseason game against the Kansas City Chiefs, was able to practice with the team, and […] Steelers Rookie LB Jarvis Jones Back Practicing Again As Of Monday is a post from: Steelers Depot [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]
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Resolution: standard / high
Figure 7.
Selenium pretreatment alters autophagy activation following cerebral ischemia. A. Representative Western blot and analysis of autophagy markers Beclin 1 and LC3 shows that selenium pretreatment lowers that intensity Beclin 1 and LC3-II as compared to saline treatment. B. Immunolocalization of LC3 (green) and pDrp1 (red) indicates that cerebral ischemia leads to conversion of LC3-I (diffused) to LC3-II (punctated). Punctated LC3 pattern overlaps with pDrp1 staining. Selenium pretreatment, on contrary, decreases LC3-II (punctated) staining. The western results were normalized as relative % of control set at 100% (n = 4 each group). Data represents mean ± SD. *p < 0.05, and ***P < 0.001 vs control and ##p < 0.01, ###p < 0.001 vs. respective time point. Se = selenium and Cont = control. Bar = 100 μm.
Mehta et al. BMC Neuroscience 2012 13:79 doi:10.1186/1471-2202-13-79


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We do WordPress websites. If you're a candidate, small business owner or non-profit administrator, let us help you increase your presence on the web.
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Product Reference: 41941
This black leather style Zenus Lettering Diary Case for the Samsung Galaxy Note 10.1 2014 edition features a unique embossed lettering design and internal storage pockets.
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Election 2012 Topics
- The race for the 2012 Republican presidential nomination heated up this weekend as Minnesota Rep. Michele Bachmann won the Iowa straw poll and Texas Gov. Rick Perry formally announced his candidacy. Bachmann led the Iowa contest with more than 4,800 votes out of almost 17,000 votes cast, and Texas Rep. Ron Paul placed a close second. Former Minnesota Gov. Tim Pawlenty placed a distant third, and on Sunday he announced he was leaving the...August 15, 2011 | Story
- The bipartisan "super committee" tasked with finding a way out of the U.S. debt crisis has been established, but what can we expect? On Thursday, House Democratic leader Nancy Pelosi named the final three members to the 12-person panel, split evenly between Democrats and Republicans. They will have until November 3 to recommend a plan to cut $1.5 trillion from the deficit over 10 years. We speak with Robert Borosage, founder and...August 12, 2011 | Story
- Republican Gov. Rick Perry of Texas is expected to announce his entry into the 2012 presidential race. Perry will make the announcement Saturday at a conference in South Carolina organized by Erick Erickson's RedState.com. Early backers of Perry's presidential run have heralded him as being behind the so-called Texas economic miracle. However, many have questioned Perry's economic claims in Texas. Questions have also arisen...August 12, 2011 | Story
- Republicans have retained control of the Wisconsin State Senate following a series of historic recall elections organized in response to their support of Gov. Scott Walker's union-busting bill this spring. Democrats needed to win three of the six Republican seats up for grabs in order to gain a majority, but four incumbents prevailed. Independent video producer Sam Mayfield spoke with voters at polling stations in the contested districts of...August 10, 2011 | Story
- For analysis on the Wisconsin recall vote, we go to Madison to speak with John Nichols, Washington correspondent for The Nation magazine. Although Republicans hold onto a slim 17-to-16 majority after the election, Nichols says the Democrats' pickup of two seats, coupled with the moderate stance of Republican State Sen. Dale Schultz, amounts to a new "pro-labor majority" in the Wisconsin State Senate. "Gov. Scott Walker...August 10, 2011 | Story
- The veteran broadcaster Tavis Smiley and the author and Princeton University Professor Cornel West are in the midst of a 15-city, cross-country trek they have dubbed "The Poverty Tour: A Call to Conscience." The tour comes on the heels of last week's deficit agreement, which has been widely criticized for excluding a tax hike on the wealthy, as well as any measures to tackle high unemployment. "Any legislation that...August 09, 2011 | Story
Cornel West & Tavis Smiley on Obama: "Many of Us Are Exploring Other Possibilities in Coming Election"We speak with veteran journalist Tavis Smiley and Princeton University Professor Cornel West about President Barack Obama and the 2012 elections. "He's rightly associated much more with the oligarchs than with poor people," says West. Adds Smiley, "I don't think the President would be hurt, necessarily—the country certainly would not be hurt—by a primary challenge that would refocus him on what really matters. It would...August 09, 2011 | Story
- Republicans have agreed to a vote today on a budget plan they say will cut the deficit $917 billion over 10 years. The move sets the stage for a showdown against unified Democratic opposition in the Senate and threats of a White House veto. To discuss the debt talks and economic austerity worldwide, we're joined by Richard Wolff, Emeritus Professor of Economics at University of Massachusetts Amherst and author of several books, including...July 28, 2011 | Story
- Discussion on a deficit reduction deal has stalled after five consecutive days of negotiations between Republicans and Democrats. In order to borrow beyond August 2, the United States must raise its $14.3 trillion debt ceiling. This week, Standard & Poor's became the second of the major credit rating agencies to place U.S. debt under review, citing an increasing risk of a payment default. Republicans are pushing for massive spending...July 15, 2011 | Story
- This week the Center for Media and Democracy released 800 model bills, legislation that is straight out of the corporate playbook and drafted by the American Legislative Exchange Council. The group's membership includes both state lawmakers and corporate executives who gather behind closed doors to discuss and vote on draft legislation. ALEC has come under increasing scrutiny in recent months for its role in crafting bills to attack worker...July 15, 2011 | Story
Show for Jun 29, 2015
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Greece Closes Banks, Calls Referendum on European Austerity Demands
Iran Nuclear Talks to Miss Tuesday Deadline
Islamic State Tied to Attacks That Kill Dozens on 3 Continents
Thousands March for Climate Justice in Rome Ahead of Vatican Conference
New York Prisoner Manhunt Ends with Capture, Killing
Puerto Rico Says It Can't Pay $72B in Public Debt


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Nebraska Senior
40: 4.42 (estimated)
A tough, physical north-south runner with decent straight-line speed. Has good burst to and through hole and can deliver blow to linebacker in the hole. Craves contact and knows how to run behind his pads and smash up the middle. Keeps his feet moving after contact and fights for extra yards. Runs with nice balance.
Lacks speed to turn the corner. Lacks shiftiness and not a guy that can make guys miss. Lacks burst out of his cuts and has to stop his feet to change direction. Lacks the vision and lateral quickness spring the big run when he gets to the second level. Is a limited receiver out of the backfield and tends to body catch. Will miss some assignments when in blitz pickup.
Helu is a powerful straight-line runner that teams will be impressed with his power and toughness. But he's pretty one-dimensional player. He struggles when you force him to run outside the tackles, but shines when you can run him between them. And has the potential to fit a one-cut scheme as a reserve. He was a productive starter for Nebraska the past two years, combining for 408 carries, 2392 yards (5.9 avg) and 21 touchdowns, with 24 catches.
Helu can compete in the NFL, but he'll likely have to do so on special teams early on. He is a powerful runner, but his vision, speed, and ability in the passing game are too limited to be a valuable option on offense. He has potential to develop as a short-yardage back. He'll fit best on a team like Tennessee that has an explosive speed back like Chris Johnson, and will just use Helu to spell him on short-yardage and goalline situations. Some teams might be smart to try and convert him to a fullback, where his upside can be higher because of his limited versatility. If he was to bulk up to 240 or so, he could be a powerful lead blocker. But that's several years down the road, and in the mean time he'll have to produce on special teams to stick long enough to develop there. He can be a nice backup option for most teams, but he's not a guy that is an ideal fit to be a regular contributor on offense besides a situational role. The player he reminds me of is a smaller version of Chris Fuamatu-Ma'afala.
Helu is a powerful runner that would mesh with the Falcons physical running attack, but he doesn't have the versatility to impact in the passing game to really like his chances in Atlanta. His value in Atlanta would probably be more likely to develop as a long-term option at fullback. As a reserve runner, he could be an OK third back, but lacks the upside to really move up the depth chart.
Helu is a nice late round option for a team looking for a short-yardage runner, and would be worth a sixth or seventh round pick for a team trying to use him in that role.
1-poor, 2-weak, 3-above average, 4-very good, 5-elite
Speed: 2.5
Power: 4.0
Agility: 2.0
Vision: 2.0
Hands: 2.0
Blocking: 2.5
Roy Helu, RB, Nebraska
Scouting reports of the running backs and fullbacks in the 2011 Draft.
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Bicentennial Surprise
22 Jun 2009
Bicentennial Surprise is a mouth watering recipe which you would surely want to get to your guests attention. This great tasting and easy to prepare recipe will surely tempt you to serve to your loved ones. So make sure you dish out this Bicentennial Surprise and let me know how much you liked it.
|Strawberry jello
|3 Ounce
|Boiling water
|1 1⁄3 Cup (21.33 tbs)
|10 Ounce (Birds Eye Quick Thaw Brand)
|Lemon jello
|3 Ounce
|Boiling water
|1 Cup (16 tbs)
|Vanilla ice cream
|1 Pint
|Black cherry jello
|3 Ounce
|1⁄4 Cup (4 tbs)
|Cold water
|1⁄4 Cup (4 tbs)
|Frozen blueberries
|1 1⁄2 Cup (24 tbs), mashed
Red Layer:
Dissolve strawberry jello in 11/3 cups water; add fruit, stir gently until fruit thaws.
Chill until thickened.
Pour into an 8 cup mold or a 9 cup bundt pan.
Chill until set, but not firm.
White Layer:
Dissolve 1 pkg. lemon jello in 1 cup of boiling water.
Blend ice cream, beating until smooth.
Chill until thickened.
Spoon over strawberry mixture in mold.
Chill until set, but not firm.
Blue Layer:
Dissolve the last pkg. of jello and the sugar in 1 cup boiling water.
Add 1/2 cup water, chill until thick.
Stir in fruit and spoon over second mixture.
Chill overnight.
Recipe Summary
Course:Dessert, Fruit Dessert
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0 Comments
Bicentennial Surprise Recipe


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Originally written on Fox Sports | Last updated 6/24/12
Fabricio Werdum has had quite the career renaissance in the past several years, culminating in his dramatic first-round stoppage of Chicago policeman and fellow heavyweight Mike Russow on Saturday night at UFC 147 in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. After floundering around in the wake of being destroyed by current UFC heavyweight champion Junior dos Santos at UFC 90 in October 2008, his dramatic submission win over Fedor Emelianenko in a June 2010 Strikeforce bout has been pointed to as something that has seemingly become a watershed moment in Werdum's career. But if you wanted to know the point when the Brazilian jiu-jitsu ace finally turned the corner and became the well-rounded heavyweight contender we thought he could be, Saturday night was it. Werdum's striking game has improved dramatically from his Strikeforce fight with Antonio "Bigfoot" Silva in November 2009 until this point in one key regard. He's gone from having functional striking ability that set up his elite-level BJJ ski...
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Visiting Venice beach and Santa Monica, Marina 7 was the best value we could find in short notice at $129/day. It's location was close to the water and upon first appearance it looked like a well kept motel. The rooms were clean enough until my son found a bloody syringe in the bedside drawer next to a bible. Assuming it was used for drugs (due to the area) my son could have contracted a deadly disease! We contacted management and they had nothing to say. We had to forcefully demand a refund until they complied. This motel is disgusting and appeared to be used by the majority of drug users with the occasion of regular families, of course. Management does not enforce a strict housekeeping policy and handles any complaints loosely. DO NOT STAY HERE! Spend the extra money on a clean(er) name-brand chain hotel.
- Official Description (provided by the hotel):
- Marina Seven Hotel Venice Beach is located in the heart of Venice Beach and just 5 minutes away from the Venice boardwalk and Santa Monica Pier. It is known for its canals, beaches and Ocean Front Walk and with two-and-a-half mile pedestrian-only promenade that features performers, artists, and vendors. Marina Seven Hotel Venice beach is bordered by the Pacific Ocean on the southwest, and by Marina Del Rey on the southeast, and by Culver City on the south and east, with the Los Angeles neighborhood of Mar Vista on the northeast, and by the city of Santa Monica on the north. Stay at Marina Seven Hotel Venice Beach and walk to local restaurants and bars all conveniently located to major beach attractions. Los Angeles international airport is only 10 minutes away and major public transportation is within walking distance. ... more less
- Reservation Options:
- TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Expedia, Travelocity, Priceline, Odigeo, Hotels.com and Agoda so you can book your Marina Seven Motel reservations with confidence. We help millions of travelers each month to find the perfect hotel for both vacation and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.
- Also Known As:
- Marina Seven Hotel Los Angeles
- Marina 7 Motel


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Part Eleven of the GAMBIT Summer Summit Videos: GAMBIT Interns Alumni Panel
Part Eleven of the GAMBIT Summer Summit 2011 Videos: In this panel discussion, former GAMBIT Interns,Mark Sullivan, Sharat Bhat and Genevieve Conley discuss their experiences at the US GAMBIT Lab and how it impacted their future in both game education and industry. Every summer at the Singapore-MIT GAMBIT Game Lab, students from Singapore and the US work with GAMBIT researchers and development teams on novel game concepts, and visiting researchers spend that time research gaming related topics across a variety of fields. Back on July 6th, 2011, we drew back the curtains in the middle of the summer to provide insights into our current game development and research activities during the inaugural GAMBIT Summer Summit.Video Produced by Generoso Fierro, Edited by Garrett Beazley
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- December 04, 2011 20:27
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Blake Randolph Miller
Position: C
Height: 6-1 Weight: 282 lbs.
Born: August 23, 1968 in Alexandria, LA
High School: Alexandria
College: LSU (school history)
Drafted by the New England Patriots in the 7th round (168th overall) of the 1991 NFL Draft.
Weighted Career AV (100-95-...): 3 (10460th overall since 1950)
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Both are weight gain powders. I'll include links to both of their serving information since you can read it yourself and decide. I thought I'd talk about impressions and things I like/dislike about them.
ProLab N Large 2 The information is about halfway down the page.
AtLarge Opticen Click on the "Supplement Facts" Link.
AtLarge Opticen:
Cost Shipped: About $42
Serving size: 90g (about 3 scoops I think)
Servings Per Container: 23
Cost Per serving: $1.83
The taste I would rate slightly above average compared to other shakes I've tasted. The mixability was much better than that of NLarge. I was able to mix it in a shaker with no clumps, and it stays mixed better as I drink it. NLarge had a tendency to separate. Opticen did not. The serving size was also smaller than that of NLarge, which was nice because I didn't feel as bloated when I drank it. Finally, and most importantly, Opticen has a protein mix. I was told in the forums that the mixture is 50% whey, 25% casein, and 25% egg. This is a good mixture imo, and considering the fact that they released this information at all went a long way in my book. There are also quite a few more vitamins and minerals in Opticen than in NLarge. Plus, it supports a forum which has a ton of helpful information that we all take advantage of.
ProLab NLarge
Cost Shipped: $45
Serving Size: 152g (4 scoops)
Servings per Container: 27
Cost per serving: $1.67
The taste is on par with other weight gain shakes I've tried. It tastes much sweeter/sugarier than Opticen. If you like sweeter shakes, you might like this taste better. The mixability was ok, but it has a bad tendency to separate after you shake it up. It is also slightly (but only slightly) harder to mix so that you don't get clumps. I end up chewing up about 1/4 of what I mix with NLarge, heh. The protein in NLarge is 100% whey, as far as I can tell. That is a big one. Mixes of protein cover more bases than just one type. Also, NLarge has quite a bit more sugar in it, so if you are on a limited carb diet, it would be hard to drink these. All in all, I think Nlarge is a good weight gain shake for the $$ and although it has more sugar in it, it doesn't go overboard. The caloric edge does go to NLarge, being at 600. Opticen is only around 320 per serving. One other point about NLarge, is if you're a fisherman, when empty, the bucket makes a nice bait bucket.
If I had to pick one, I would go with Opticen mainly because of the fact that the protein is a mix, rather than straight whey. It also comes from a site where I get alot of info and can talk with other people who are in the same boat I am. Both are quality products with a comparable amount of protein. And are close to equal in terms of what they deliver for the $$, but I give the edge to Opticen for the protein mix, it's vitamin contenct, and the forums.


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Because why wear thongs when you can wear comfier, more stylish footwear?
World's Best Swimsuit Designers Share Their Wisdom
Your camp counselor has just been vindicated: Weaving is good for something. Bag, $44; lulus.com.
That you'll be greeted with "Hello, sunshine!" is just one of this top's virtues. Top, $16.99; marshallsonline.com for stores.
Style, Fast, & Loose


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Congratulations Ericsson 4 on winning the 2008-2009 Volvo Ocean Race
By Kurt Liedtke ,
Along the way one team had to suspend racing (Team Russia) due to lack of funding while in port in Singapore. Almost every boat nearly sank along the way due to hitting debris, or weather conditions nearly shredding their boats apart. Crewmen were injured, sails were torn, boats ran aground...and in the end it is Team Ericsson 4, led by Brazilian captain Torben Grael, that has separated itself from the pack enough to declare victory.
With conclusion of leg 9 today in Stockholm, with one leg of the race left to go to St. Petersburg, Ericsson 4 has enough points after their third place finish in leg 9 to win the overall prize of Volvo Ocean Race champions. This has proven once again that Torben Grael is indeed the best sailor around today.
The boats had some screwy moments along the way...Hitting rocks almost having their keels torn off, striking whales, getting stuck on lobster pots and fishing nets, getting a shark stuck on a daggerboard dragging it along at 30 knots, the marathon leg 5 from China all the way around the horn to Rio De Janeiro with boats separated only by minutes, etc.
While the race has existed in various forms for over 30 years, it has never garnered much media attention, for obvious reasons because these boats are out in the middle of nowhere going around the world only appearing in port after weeks at sea at a time. But with the advent of technology the race could be followed online in real time through www.volvooceanrace.org this year, and for the past year since the race began I have been glued to my computer each day to get updates on the race while recording every race update episode that aired weekly on Versus and PBS for on-boat footage and race recaps.
It's been a long march to Stockholm, but now with a whopping 108 points for Ericsson 4 it is a chase for second place.
Congratulations Ericsson 4, you definitely earned the title this year.
My personal favorite moment from the race came when the fleet was leaving Boston for the start of leg 7 to Galway, Ireland. As the seven sailboats sailed down the channel out of Boston harbor suddenly emerging out of the fog coming right towards them was a giant freighter ship, forcing all seven boats to quickly scramble to gybe away in time to avoid colliding with the massive hull.
I love yacht racing. It is just so fascinating to watch...when you know what to watch for, it's like chess on water.


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Free agent NFL safety Kerry Rhodes told AL.com that four teams are currentlyt interested in him.
"It's in the works," he said. "I can't talk about it in depth but there's a good four teams that I'm looking at. There are ongoing discussions. I'm trying to see which one will be the best fit for me. You will see me, though."
Rhodes didn't want to say who the four teams are.
"I don't want to sway the negotiations at all," he said, adding that an announcement could come in a week or so. "That would be the ideal. Most situations aren't ideal any way. You have to adapt to it and move on."


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I am trying to replicate the following formula from Excel in to a C# app and the result is different.
The answer where
x=5 should be
y=55.249875 which I have just done using Windows calculator and matches to the Excel answer.. but not when I try it in C#.
E I use
Math.Exp and for
x^y I use
Any ideas?
y = -1E-06x^6 + 0.0001x^5 - 0.0025x^4 + 0.0179x^3 + 0.0924x^2 - 0.6204x + 55.07


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Milan 2014: dripping water from ice-encased tropical plants and quietly rotating feather-patterned fans featured in this climate-themed exhibition by Italian research centre Fabrica (+ slideshow). More »
Fabrica researchers explore temperature theme
Man-made marble by Max Lamb used to create
camouflaged furniture installation
Milan 2014: British designer Max Lamb developed a multicoloured engineered marble for Dzek, which was used to build furniture that appears to merge with walls of the same material for an installation in Milan. More »
Moving petals express "fragility of life" in
Interconnection by Nao Tamura
Milan 2014: Nao Tamura drew on experiences from the 2011 Japanese earthquake and tsunami to create an installation of suspended mobiles, intended to evoke a sense of fragility and harmony with nature. More »
Jordi Bernadó removes doors from
Mies van der Rohe's Barcelona Pavilion
Over the last few years Mies van der Rohe's Barcelona Pavilion has been loaded with junk, and had its pools filled with coffee and milk. Now photographer Jordi Bernadó has taken the doors out and mounted them onto the facade. More »
Hay pops up in Milan with
miniature marketplace
Milan 2014: Danish brand Hay is hosting an exhibition of products in the style of a pop-up mini market in Milan this week (+ slideshow). More »
Formafantasma and Martino Gamper among
speakers announced for Milan FOMO talks
Milan 2014: a series of talks will launch this afternoon in Nike's Aero-static dome at Palazzo Clerici, forming part of the FOMO algorithmic publishing project organised by Joseph Grima with Dezeen. More »
Nendo reframes the white shirt as centrepiece
for COS installation in Milan
Milan 2014: brushed steel frames surround monochrome shirts at this installation that Japanese studio Nendo has created for fashion brand COS, unveiled in Milan today (+ movie). More »
Bjarke Ingels unveils "BIG Maze" for
Washington's National Building Museum
News: Danish firm BIG has unveiled plans to install a wooden maze with a concave surface inside the National Building Museum in Washington DC. More »
Torafu Architects suspend bubbly balloons
of light for Tokyo installation
Illuminated glass droplets full of bubbles appear to fall from the ceiling in this installation by Japanese studio Torafu Architects (+ slideshow). More »
Floating skateboard ramp installed on
Lake Tahoe for pro-skater Bob Burnquist
This skateboarding ramp floating over the clear waters of Lake Tahoe was put together in just four days by design-and-build team Jerry Blohm and Jeff King for Californian skater Bob Burnquist (+ slideshow). More »
Luminous red arches by LIKEarchitects
installed at Portuguese palace
Glowing red arches straddled bushes, pathways, fences and fountains in the gardens of the Portuguese presidential residence earlier this year, as part of an installation by Porto studio LIKEarchitects (+ slideshow). More »
Vacuum-packed models installed at Iris van
Herpen's Paris Fashion Week show
Models were suspended in vacuums between plastic sheeting during Dutch fashion designer Iris van Herpen's Autumn Winter 2014 show at Paris Fashion Week. More »
Raw Edges Studio animates kitchen
concept for Caesarstone
Milan 2014: Kitchen and bathroom equipment is lowered into islands made from engineered quartz material Caesarstone in this animated preview of an installation for the brand by London studio Raw Edges, to be unveiled in Milan next month (+ movie). More »
Soap and light visualise sound vibrations
in Dagny Rewera's installation
Light projected through a soap bubble throws patterns generated by the tiny vibrations of a speaker onto the ceiling in this installation by Royal College of Art graduate Dagny Rewera (+ movie). More »
Glowing indoor forest made
from paper by Orproject
Mechanical Mirrors by Daniel Rozin replicate
images using everyday objects
These interactive installations by artist Daniel Rozin use sensors and motors to rearrange objects into a mirror-image of whoever stands in front of them (+ slideshow). More »
Hydraulic mechanisms tilt singers at Moncler
Autumn Winter 2014 presentation
Reflective dish of water to be installed at
International Garden Festival in Quebec
The surrounding trees and sky will be reflected in a wide, shallow pool of water in this installation by Spanish architecture group Citylaboratory for a garden festival in Quebec, Canada. More »
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The Moonstone (1972– )
TV Series |
A priceless jewel, originally plundered from a Hindu shrine, is presented to Rachel Verinder on her 18th birthday. The jewel goes missing and suspicion falls over the household, threatening to destroy someone close to Rachel's heart.
Stars:Vivien Heilbron, Robin Ellis, Basil Dignam | See full cast and crew »


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John Rentoul
John Rentoul (born 1958) is a British journalist who has been the chief political commentator for The Independent on Sunday since February 2004.[1]
Rentoul was born in India, where his father was a minister of the Church of South India. Educated at Wolverhampton Grammar School,[2] he studied History and English at King's College, Cambridge and worked on an oil rig before becoming a journalist on Accountancy Age.[3]
Rentoul was a journalist on the New Statesman between January 1983 and May 1988, latterly as Deputy Editor, and a political reporter for BBC's On The Record between 1988 and 1995. He became a political correspondent of The Independent in 1995 and the chief leader writer at The Independent from January 1997 before becoming chief political commentator for The Independent on Sunday in 2004. He has described having "slavish admiration" for Tony Blair.[4] He is also a visiting professor in Contemporary History at Queen Mary, University of London.[5] His biography of Tony Blair has passed through several editions.
Fellow journalist Martin Bright has said Rentoul "remains one of the most incisive political columnists writing today, even though he has lost his access to the highest levels of power".[6] In 2011, Total Politics said Rentoul "is probably the most high-profile defender of Tony Blair's record in the British media, in a year when the mere mention of the former PM's name provoked boos at the Labour Party conference. His column in The Independent on Sunday has become one of the last bastions of pure, unadulterated Blairism".[7]
He also maintains a daily blog.[8]
- ^ http://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/john-rentoul/
- ^ Guardian, 25 June 1980, p. 7.
- ^ http://normblog.typepad.com/normblog/2010/11/the-normblog-profile-373-john-rentoul.html
- ^ http://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/john-rentoul/john-rentoul-cameron-blew-it-labour-can-win-1800899.html
- ^ http://www.qmul.ac.uk/media/news/items/hss/87135.html
- ^ http://www.spectator.co.uk/martinbright/5412836/john-rentoul-calls-it-right-on-brown-and-cameron.thtml
- ^ http://www.totalpolitics.com/articles/277577/top-100-political-journalists-2011.thtml
- ^ http://blogs.independent.co.uk/author/johnrentoul/
External links[edit]
- 'One man's war on clichés (does what it says on the tin)', John Rentoul, The Independent, 14 June 2001
- John Rentoul tells Ethos his top public service innovators, Ethos June 2012
|This article about a British journalist is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.


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Tervis Pittsburgh Steelers 16 oz 'Steel Curtain' Wrap Tumbler
Product Information:
Cheers to another winning season when you sip from the Tervis® Steelers 'Steel Curtain' travel mug. With double insulation your drink holds its temperature long after kickoff. The tumbler is microwave, freezer and dishwasher safe. Reminisce of the defensive glory days in Pittsburgh when you top off your tumbler with a Steelers-colored lid throughout the game.
- Tervis® Pittsburgh Steelers 16 oz Steel Curtain wrap tumbler
- Team-inspired wrap design between insulation walls
- Team-colored lid to avoid spills
- Double-insulated wall holds beverages at an ideal temperature
- Microwave, freezer and dishwasher safe for easy use
- Fits most cup holders
- Holds up to 16 ounces
- Officially licensed by the NFL®
- Tervis
Country of Origin: United StatesWeb ID: 18695046


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Outdoor Movie & John Hughes Trivia Bingo: "Ferris Bueller's Day Off" | San Jose
Dang! This event has already taken place.Wednesday, August 14, 2013 - 7:00 pm | Cost: FREE
>> Want to see our Top Picks for this week instead?
>> Want to see our Top Picks for this week instead?
San Pedro Square Market | 87 North San Pedro Street, San Jose, CA
Free Starlight Outdoor Movie Night | San Jose
Take advantage of San Jose's warm, summer nights and enjoy a movie under the star-studded sky from June 14 to August 20, 2014.
Admission is free. Pre-show entertainment begins about 7 pm and movies start at dusk.Please note, no outside food or drinks are allowed at San Pedro Market, but you can try one of seven restaurants in the San Pedro Square Market.
Wednesday, August 14, 2013
Ferris Bueller's Day Off | Free Starlight Outdoor Movie Night | San Jose
See Ferris Bueller's Day Off in San Pedro Square Market.
Ferris Bueller's Day Off is a 1986 American coming of age comedy film written, produced and directed by John Hughes.The film follows high school senior Ferris Bueller, who decides to skip school and spend the day in downtown Chicago.
Pre-show: John Hughes Trivia Bingo
Links: Event detailsCost: FREE
**Annual Event**, *Top Pick*, Kids & Families, Movies, South Bay
Venue: San Pedro Square Market
Address: 87 North San Pedro Street, San Jose, CA
Submitted by Becca Bandit


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Wind-powered car completes cross-continental journey
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Article Summary
A television host and an engineer from Germany have completed an almost 5,000 km (3,107 mile) journey across Australia in their Wind Explorer, a lightweight electric vehicle powered by the wind – not only through electricity-generating wind turbines but also using kites. The pioneering 18-day trip by Dirk Gion and Stefan Simmerer set three world records – the first time a continent has been crossed be a wind-powered vehicle, the longest overall distance covered by an exclusively wind-powered land vehicle, and the longest distance covered by such a vehicle in 36 hours.
Read the full article: Wind-powered car completes cross-continental journey
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