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W.H. Coltharp had a problem. He'd been asked to build a bank in Vernal, Utah, but the bricks he needed were in Salt Lake City, 127 miles away. Wagon freight would have been too expensive, so in 1916 he sent 50,000 bricks by parcel post, essentially mailing the bank to Vernal.
The post office was not delighted with Coltharp's ingenuity. Postmaster General Albert Sidney Burleson wrote that "it is not the intent of the United States Postal Service that buildings be shipped through the mail" — and he set a new limit of 200 pounds per day per receiver.
The Clown Egg Register
A clown's face is his livelihood; it's an unwritten rule among clowns that one must not copy the face of another. Accordingly, in 1946 London clown Stan Bult began painting the faces of his colleagues onto eggshells, effectively trademarking their identities. Bult's collection was largely destroyed in an accident in 1965, but London's Circus Clowns Club resurrected the practice in 1984 and added samples of its members' costumes and wig hair, making each into a peculiar sort of portrait.
In 1979, Leon "Buttons" McBryde, a clown with the Ringling Bros & Barnum and Bailey Circus, heard about the British practice and established his own egg registry, which now includes hundreds of portraits of clowns hand-painted by his wife, Linda. The U.S. registry has been used in at least one court case in which one clown charged another with infringing his design.
The images above, of the British collection, are by photographer Luke Stephenson; more can be seen on his website and Flickr set.
The Dancing Plague
In July 1518, a woman named Frau Troffea stepped into a street in Strasbourg and began to dance. As onlookers gathered it became clear that she could not stop; after many hours of exertion she collapsed and slept briefly but then rose and again began the dance. After three exhausting days she was bundled into a wagon and taken to a shrine in the Vosges Mountains, but her example had had its effect. Within days more than 30 more people had begun to dance uncontrollably, and their numbers grew; according to one chronicle, within a month 400 people were dancing.
The fact of the plague is well attested; a manuscript chronicle in the city's archives reads:
There's been a strange epidemic lately
Going amongst the folk,
So that many in their madness
Began dancing,
Which they kept up day and night,
Without interruption,
Until they fell unconscious.
Many have died of it.
The sickness lasted until early September, when it passed away just as mysteriously. A number of explanations have been put forward, including convulsion brought on by ergot, a mold that flourishes on the stalks of damp rye. The most convincing was advanced by John Waller in his 2008 book A Time to Dance, A Time to Die: He found that a series of famines had preceded the dancing plague, spreading fear and anxiety through the city, and that a Christian church legend had told that a wrathful Saint Vitus would send down plagues of compulsive dancing on anyone who angered him. The dancing, Waller believes, was a "mass psychogenic illness" brought on by this belief.
Vanderbilt epidemiologist Timothy Jones says the plague is "of immense historical value"; it "tells us much about the extraordinary supernaturalism of late medieval people, but it also reveals the extremes to which fear and irrationality can lead us."
If human behavior is essentially rational, what are we to make of procrastination? I have to write a paper; it's a requirement of the course, and I know I'll be better off for writing it, but instead I alphabetize my spice rack. "The procrastinator is someone who knows what (s)he wants to do, in some sense can do it, is trying to do it — yet doesn't do it," write psychologists Maury Silver and John Sabini. Bewildered by his own delay, Hamlet says
I do not know
Why yet I live to say "This thing's to do;"
Sith I have cause and will and strength and means
To do't. Examples gross as earth exhort me.
"Hamlet knew what he had to do, wanted to do it, had the means to do it, and was prepared to do it — constantly — but was 'unable'," they write. Procrastination is "a psychopathology of everyday life, as curious to those who suffer it as to those who would explain it."
(Maury Silver and John Sabini, "Procrastinating," Journal for the Theory of Social Behavior 11:2, July 1981.)
Truth and Fiction
We know that Sherlock Holmes lived in London — we have this on the authority of Arthur Conan Doyle. But we would resist saying that the residents of London have included Sherlock Holmes. How can the one be true but not the other?
Suppose that Doyle had written a story in which Holmes had had tea with prime minister William Gladstone. Then it would seem correct to say that Holmes had had tea with Gladstone, but wrong to say that William Gladstone had once had tea with Sherlock Holmes. What can we make of this? Can Doyle be wrong about his own character's actions? Is all fictional discourse false?
We don't normally regard it so. "If you say that Sherlock Holmes lived in Baker Street I may wager that you are mistaken," writes philosopher John Woods. "Then, as we all very well know, what you say wins the bet; what I say loses it. … It is an interesting and important curiosity of the affair that [the argument] that Holmes could not have lived in Baker Street because he could not have lived anywhere, he being but fictional, is not automatically, or always, if ever, deemed a satisfactory endorsement of my claim at the expense of yours. The bet is still yours."
(From The Logic of Fiction, 1974.)
Night Crossing
In late March 1938, Antonio Carrelli received a letter and a telegram in short succession. Both were from Ettore Majorana, the brilliant Italian physicist who had recently joined the faculty of the Naples Physics Institute, where Carrelli was director.
The letter read, "Dear Carrelli, I made a decision that has become unavoidable. There isn't a bit of selfishness in it, but I realize what trouble my sudden disappearance will cause you and the students. For this as well, I beg your forgiveness, but especially for betraying the trust, the sincere friendship and the sympathy you gave me over the past months. I ask you to remind me to all those I learned to know and appreciate in your Institute, especially Sciuti: I will keep a fond memory of them all at least until 11 pm tonight, possibly later too. E. Majorana."
The telegram had been sent immediately afterward: "Dear Carrelli, I hope you got my telegram and my letter at the same time. The sea rejected me and I'll be back tomorrow at the Hotel Bologna traveling perhaps with this letter. However, I have the intention of giving up teaching. Don't think I'm like an Ibsen heroine, because the case is different. I'm at your disposal for further details. E. Majorana."
On investigation it was found that Majorana had withdrawn all the money from his bank account and taken the night boat from Naples to Palermo on March 23. He had sent both messages from Palermo and then boarded the steamer to return to Naples on the night of March 25.
But there the trail ended. On the return journey Majorana had shared a compartment with a local university professor, but beyond this point no trace of him could be found. His family offered a reward of 30,000 lire for his whereabouts, and Enrico Fermi implored Mussolini for aid, citing the "deep brilliance" of Majorana's physics, which he compared to those of Galileo and Newton. A police search found no body but offered no clues.
What happened to him? Theories abound: The most natural explanation, that he committed suicide, is discounted by both his family and the bishop of Trapani, citing his strong Catholic faith. (Also, it doesn't explain the withdrawal of the money.) Other theories contend that he was murdered, that he fled physics because he foresaw the advent of nuclear weapons, that he had a spiritual crisis and joined a monastery, that he became a beggar, and that he moved to South America. No one knows.
(Barry R. Holstein, "The Mysterious Disappearance of Ettore Majorana," from the Carolina International Symposium on Neutrino Physics, 2008.)
False Alarm
I've had some incredible experiences with lyrebirds of late in Sydney's southwest. Recently on the Old Ford Road, Kentlyn, I observed a male in full display on his mound, going through a repertoire of vocal impressions that would have put Peter Sellers to shame. Among the imitations I recognised were kookaburra, currawong, butcherbird, cockatoo and even a small dog. But my most startling experience was last Christmas morning, about 7 a.m. From a group of three or four lyrebirds arose a distinct call of 'Fire! Fire!' It seems that one bird must have overheard this cry on some earlier danger-fraught occasion. Or, as the far side of the Georges River is Defence Department territory, maybe it picked it up during military training.
— Frederick Hill, "Members' Mailbag," Australian Geographic, July-September 2005
Carry On
Letter to the Times, Feb. 6, 1946:
I have just written you a long letter.
On reading it over, I have thrown it into the waste paper basket.
Hoping this will meet with your approval,
I am, Sir,
Your obedient Servant,
A.D. Wintle
Passing Through
November 1896 saw the start of a strange wave of airship sightings across the United States — the San Francisco Call published the image above on Nov. 19, claiming that the craft had passed over eastern Sacramento the previous night, where hundreds had seen "its brilliant searchlight traveling over the city, and who will also swear that they heard the voices of its occupants and distinguished their merry song and laughter."
In the frenzy that followed, the San Francisco Chronicle published an interview with attorney George D. Collins, who claimed that he represented the airship's inventor, a wealthy Maine man who had spent 17 years and $100,000 perfecting the craft. "The reports from Sacramento the other night were quite true. It was my client's ship that inhabitants saw. It started from Oroville, in Butte County, and flew in a straight line for sixty miles directly over Sacramento. After running up and down once or twice over the capital, my friend came on a distance of another seventy miles and landed on a spot on the Oakland side of the bay, where the ship now lies guarded by six men. In another six days several defects will be done away with and it is then his intention to fly right over San Francisco."
That never happened, and Collins was quickly forgotten, but it's interesting to note that 10 years earlier, in 1886, inventor Moses Cole had patented a strikingly similar "new and improved aerial vessel" (below). "It consists of two semi-spheroidal balloons," Scientific American had reported, "between which are situated the cabins for the passengers and crew, these being fitted with windows and surrounded by a circular balcony." Possibly the Call's artist had used Cole's patent for inspiration. Or possibly Collins was telling the truth. Or possibly Martians had adopted Cole's design as a disguise. We'll never know.
See Just Visiting.
The Soul Trial
When Arizona copper prospector James Kidd disappeared in 1949, he left behind a curious will:
this is my first and only will and is dated the second day in January 1946. I have no heirs have not married in my life, after all my funeral expenses have been paid and #100, one hundred dollars to some preacher of the gospital to say fare well at my grave sell all my property which is all in cash and stocks with E F Hutton Co Phoenix some in safety deposit box, and have this balance money go into a reserach or some scientific proof of a soul of the human body which leaves at death I think in time their can be a Photograph of soul leaving the human at death, James Kidd
He left it in a safe deposit box, so it didn't come to light until 1963, by which time Kidd's estate had appreciated to nearly $200,000. This attracted more than 100 claimants, each of which argued it was best qualified to find the human soul. The Neurological Sciences Foundation of Phoenix, for example, said that it was working with hallucinogenic agents, biochemical controls of the brain, and the nervous system. "To the extent that the 'soul' is a function of the human body," it insisted, "to this extent our work … is relevant to the intent of the will."
Arizona superior court judge Robert L. Myers finally awarded the legacy to a local neurological institute, but after an additional six years of litigation it went to the American Society for Psychical Research. "The Kidd legacy was not only a windfall," wrote Nicholas Wade in Science, "but proved the parapsychologists could at least convince a court of the seriousness of their intentions."
Hearing Voices
What is this? For more than 30 years, shortwave radio bands around the world have been haunted by "numbers stations" on which anonymous voices recite strings of numbers and letters. These stations transmit in various languages, following strict schedules, but they never identify themselves or give any hint as to their purpose. It seems likely that they're run by government agencies, sending messages to spies in the field using a prearranged code. But why does the station known as "The Buzzer" send out buzzing sounds on 4625 kHz continuously, throughout the year? And why on earth does the station recorded above, known as the "Swedish Rhapsody," transmit the sound of a music box and a little girl's voice?
Numbers stations are beyond the reach of the Freedom of Information Act because (presumably) secrecy is essential to their missions, and in fact in the United Kingdom it's illegal even to listen to them. So we're unlikely to learn the full story anytime soon. But in 1997 the Irdial-Discs record label assembled a 5-CD set of recordings and has made it freely available to those who want to study them.
Lightning Tourism
It's possible to visit all six New England states in a single afternoon. The Big E, the region's annual exposition, features an Avenue of States that includes a replica of each state's original statehouse. Like an embassy, each building and the land on which it stands is owned by the state it represents, so Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont are all present on the same street.
This arrangement permits each house to sell lottery tickets, so it's possible to enter six state lotteries at the same time.
A Sky Duel
On March 31, 1943, Army Air Corps second lieutenant Owen Baggett's B-24 was hit by Japanese fighters while en route to destroy a railroad bridge in Burma. Baggett and four others bailed out before the bomber exploded, and the fighters began strafing them as they descended. Two of the parachutists were killed, and Baggett's arm was grazed. He drew his .45 and sagged in his harness, hoping the Japanese would think him dead.
Presently a Zero approached him at near stall speeds and the pilot opened his canopy to get a better look. Baggett fired four rounds into the cockpit and the fighter dropped out of sight.
Had he downed a fighter with a pistol? It's impossible to know for certain. Baggett was captured by the Burmese and spent two years in a Japanese prison camp and eventually retired from the Air Force as a colonel. When journalist John L. Frisbee contacted him in 1996, he was reluctant to talk about the incident — he believed he had hit the pilot but acknowledged that the evidence for this was indirect and circumstantial. Frisbee wrote that a few months after Baggett's imprisonment, "Col. Harry Melton, commander of the 311th Fighter Group who had been shot down, passed through the POW camp and told Baggett that a Japanese colonel said the pilot Owen Baggett had fired at had been thrown clear of his plane when it crashed and burned. He was found dead of a single bullet in his head. Colonel Melton intended to make an official report of the incident but lost his life when the ship on which he was being taken to Japan was sunk." Make your own judgment.
Great Good Fortune
In Nature (January 23, p. 271) you give a letter from Mr. Scouller describing an interesting case of a rainbow, due to the image of the sun in water, which, with the ordinary primary and secondary bows, make up (there being no secondary to that formed by the reflected sun) the three which he saw. Here is a short account of what I saw long ago, almost in prehistoric times, in Scotland, where such sights ought, according to your correspondent, to be very commonly seen. I may mention that I saw at the same time, lasting some five minutes, eight well-defined rainbows of one sort or another.
In 1841, during the time of a long vacation party, spent at Oban, I walked out with my brother to Dunstaffnage, and we were on the top of the Castle, somewhere between 3 and 4 p.m., on a day in the middle of August. Not a breath of wind, bright sun over, I think, Lismore Lighthouse, dusky clouds all over Ben Cruachan and Conoll Ferry; the sea in the bay (bounded by Dunstaffnage in the west) as smooth as a pond. Gradually there appeared before us the astonishing sight of the aforesaid eight distinct rainbows, viz. primary and secondary ordinary bows; primary and secondary bows by reflected sun; primary and secondary bows formed by light from the real sun reflected from the water after leaving certain drops; primary and secondary formed by light from the sun reflected at the water, and, after leaving certain other drops, again reflected at the water. I have called the latter four distinct bows, because, although they looked like reflections of a solid set of four arcs, they were really formed by means of drops distinct from those which helped to make the first four bows. I append a sketch of what I saw.
— Percival Frost, letter to Nature, Feb. 6, 1890
Reduced Housing
Inspired by Tennyson's Idylls of the King, Colorado miniaturist Elaine Diehl spent 13 years and 6,000 hours creating Astolat Castle, a 9-foot dollhouse weighing 600 pounds. The weathered copper roof covers 29 rooms and 10 adjoining areas, staircases, and hallways outfitted with parquet floors, framed mirrors, tapestries, gold chandeliers, oil paintings, and fireplaces. The seven levels range from a wine cellar and an armory in the basement to a "wizard's tower" outfitted with telescopes and zodiacal signs. The 1″ scale furnishings include seven periods and styles, including Spanish, Oriental, Tudor, 18th-century English, and Victorian.
"It's been a wonderful hobby," she told the Prescott, Ariz., Courier in 1990. "I used to not be able to wait to get home from work so I could play. The hours slipped by so easily, I would look at my watch and it would be three in the morning. … With this hobby, you can be in control of your own little world. In real life, you don't have all those choices available to you."
When Dutch army colonel J.W.C. van Gorkum died in 1880, he was laid to rest in a Protestant cemetery. His wife, Lady J.C.P.H. van Aefferden, knew that her Catholic faith destined her for a separate cemetery. So she contrived a solution: Before her death in 1888, she requested the burial plot abutting the colonel's and asked that the tombstones "join hands" over the wall — so that the two of them could hold hands through eternity.
The Long Way
On Sept. 19, 1927, a bedraggled woman arrived at a telegraph maintenance cabin in British Columbia. The operator, Bill Blackstock, fed her and asked where she was going. "Siberia," she said.
Her name was Lillian Alling, and she had crossed the continent on foot since entering Canada at Niagara Falls the previous year. She said she had emigrated from Russia to New York City, where she had worked as a maid but found herself unhappy there. She had decided to return to Russia, but realized it would be impossible to save enough for a steamer ticket. After consulting a map of North America in a public library, she had resolved to walk home.
Fearing for her safety in the Yukon winter, Provincial Police constable George Wyman contrived to charge her with vagrancy. "I was so surprised to see that woman there," he told journalist Donald Stainsby. "She was so scantily clad and had no firearms or anything to see her through that country. She was about five foot five and thin as a wisp. When I first saw her, she was wearing running shoes. She had a knapsack with a half-dozen sandwiches in it, some tea and some other odds and ends, a comb and personal effects, but no makeup. I had a time getting her name; she wasn't going to say anything to anybody. But I finally got it, and when she said she was going to Siberia, I couldn't say anything. I thought she was out of her mind."
Alling was released from prison by early November and resumed her journey. She reached Nome in 1929 and headed west, having covered more than 6,000 miles in less than three years. Her trail disappears there, but there's an intriguing postscript: When True West magazine published an article about Alling in 1972, an Arthur F. Elmore of Lincoln, Calif., wrote to say that a Russian friend of his had grown up across the Bering Strait from Wales, Alaska. In the autumn of 1930, while on an errand for his mother, he had noticed three officials questioning a woman accompanied by three Eskimos:
"He remembered the woman telling the officials she had come from America where she said she had been unable to make a living or make friends. … She said she had had to walk 'a terrible long way because no one would lift as much as a finger to help me in any way because they didn't want to — or couldn't understand — my feelings. I tried to make friends at first, but everyone wanted no part of me — as a foreigner — and that so deeply hurt me I couldn't bear it and so I began to walk. I knew it was far and it would be hard but I had to do it even if no one understood. And I did it!'"
(From Susan Smith-Josephy's monograph Lillian Alling: The Journey Home, 2011.)
On the evening of Aug. 12, 1964, 41-year-old California businessman Charles Ogle climbed into a four-seat Cessna 210 and took off from Oakland International Airport without filing a flight plan. He was never seen again.
Rescuers searched for Ogle for 60 hours before giving up.
"This has hung over me my whole life," Ogle's son William told the San Francisco Chronicle in 2007. "I don't remember the emotional impact because I was too young, but my teachers would complain to my mother because I would look out the windows all the time looking for his plane. I just thought he didn't come down yet."
Two things cannot occupy the same place at the same time. That seems reasonable. But:
A cat called Tibbles loses his tail at time t2. But before t2 somebody had picked out, identified, and distinguished from Tibbles a different and rather peculiar animate entity — namely, Tibbles minus Tibbles' tail. Let us suppose that he decided to call this entity 'Tib.' Suppose Tibbles was on the mat at time t1. Then both Tib and Tibbles were on the mat at t1. … But consider the position from t3 onward when, something the worse for wear, the cat is sitting on the mat without a tail. Is there one cat or are there two cats there? Tib is certainly sitting there. In a way nothing happened to him at all. But so is Tibbles. For Tibbles lost his tail, survived this experience, and then at t3 was sitting on the mat. And we agreed that Tib ≠ Tibbles. We can uphold the transitivity of identity, it seems, only if we stick by that decision at t3 and allow that at t3 there are two cats on the mat in exactly the same place at exactly the same time.
Tibbles and Tib were distinct material objects, but after the amputation they appear to occupy exactly the same space. Were we mistaken?
(From David Wiggins, "On Being in the Same Place at the Same Time," The Philosophical Review, 77:1 [January 1968], 90-95.)
Further trouble:
No cat has two tails.
Every cat has one tail more than no cat.
Therefore every cat has three tails.
Dreamed Up
In composing a state map of New York in the 1930s, the General Drafting Company wanted to be sure that competing mapmakers would not simply copy its work. So the company's founder, Otto G. Lindberg, and his assistant, Ernest Alpers, scrambled their initials and placed the fictional town of Agloe at the intersection of two dirt roads in the Catskills north of Roscoe.
Several years later, they discovered Agloe on a Rand McNally map and confronted their competitor. But Rand was innocent: It had got the name from the county government, which had taken it from the Agloe General Store, which now occupied the intersection. The store had taken the name from a map by Esso, which had (apparently) copied it from Lindberg's map. Agloe had somehow clambered from imagination into reality.
Similarly, in 2001 editors placed a fake word in the New Oxford American Dictionary as a trap for other lexicographers who might steal their material. Fittingly, the word was esquivalience, "the willful avoidance of one's official responsibilities; the shirking of duties."
Sure enough, the word turned up at Dictionary.com (it's since been taken down), citing Webster's New Millennium Dictionary.
And as with Agloe, the invention has taken on a life of its own. NOAD editor Christine Lindberg, who coined esquivalience, told the Chicago Tribune that she finds herself using it regularly. "I especially like the critical, judgmental tone I can get out of it: 'Those esquivalient little wretches.' Sounds literate and nasty all in one breath. I like that."
Costa Rica's alligator bug, Fulgora laternaria, bears a protuberance that looks remarkably like a caiman's head — a feature that may make a hungry bird think twice.
The leaf insects of Southeast Asia, below, so convincingly mimic living leaves that they even bear "bite marks." This fooled Magellan's companion Antonio Pigafetta, who encountered them in the Philippines in 1521:
In this island are also found certain trees, the leaves of which, when they fall, are animated, and walk. They are like the leaves of the mulberry tree, but not so long; they have the leaf stalk short and pointed, and near the leaf stalk they have on each side two feet. If they are touched they escape, but if crushed they do not give out blood. I kept one for nine days in a box. When I opened it the leaf went round the box. I believe they live upon air.
The Ship of Theseus
Suppose we have a complete wooden ship, and one day we replace one of its wooden planks with an aluminum one. Most people would agree that the ship survives this operation; that is to say, its identity remains unchanged. But suppose that we then replace a second plank, and then a third, until our wooden ship is made entirely of aluminum. Is this the same ship that we started with? If not, when did it change?
Thomas Hobbes adds a wrinkle: Suppose that, as we did all this refurbishing, someone had gathered up all the discarded wooden planks and used them to assemble a second ship. What are we to make of this? "This, without doubt, had also been the same numerical ship with that which was at the beginning; and so there would have been two ships numerically the same, which is absurd."
And philosopher Roderick Chisholm adds another: "Let us suppose that the captain of the original ship had solemnly taken the vow that, if his ship were ever to go down, he would go down with it. What, now, if the two ships collide at sea and he sees them start to sink together? Where does his duty lie — with the aluminum ship or with the reassembled wooden ship?"
Peripatetic Pussycats
When Ernest Shackleton set out for Antarctica in 1914, his carpenter, Harry "Chippy" McNish, brought along a tabby who was quickly named "Mrs. Chippy," though he proved to be a male. When the Endurance was crushed by pack ice, Shackleton ordered the "weakling" cat to be shot, a decision for which McNish never forgave him. Cat and carpenter were reunited in 2004, when a life-size bronze statue of Mrs. Chippy was added to McNish's grave in Wellington.
Vilhjalmur Stefansson's 1913 arctic expedition ended in disaster when the main vessel sank, but ship's kitten Nigeraurak ("little black one") was lugged safely home in a sack, "the only member of the expedition to survive the whole affair sleek and unscathed."
And Matthew Flinders' cat Trim accompanied him on several adventures, including the circumnavigation of Australia, a shipwreck in 1803, and imprisonment in Mauritius during the return to England. Today Sydney's Mitchell Library bears a statue of the cat (below), with a plaque quoting Flinders' own words:
The best and most illustrious of his race
The most affectionate of friends,
faithful of servants,
and best of creatures
He made the tour of the globe, and a voyage to Australia,
which he circumnavigated, and was ever the
delight and pleasure of his fellow voyagers.
Standing Order
On June 1, 1873, during a visit to New College, Oxford, South Carolina planter William Heyward Trapier asked for a mint julep, "to the utter bewilderment of the butler," according to the Oxford Companion to the Year.
When his hosts confessed their ignorance of the American drink, Trapier gave them his family recipe, a silver pot in which to share it, and instructions to prepare it every year on the anniversary of his visit. Thereafter it became a college tradition to substitute juleps for the after-dinner port on June 1 each year, and to leave a place empty for Trapier.
This continued for a century, but apparently the tradition died out during World War II. But there's good news — Oxford's student newspaper now says that the college has approved a Mint Julep Quartermaster to start it up again.
Here's the recipe that Trapier gave to the college, according to the Oxford Times:
- Crush two sprigs of mint and half a teaspoon of sugar in the bottom of a tall glass.
- Add two lumps of ice and cover with Bourbon whiskey.
- Fill the glass with cracked ice and chill for several hours before drinking.


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Pain in the calves can be caused by numerous injuries and conditions, but some of the most common culprits are tendinitis and inflamed calf muscles. Blood clots can also cause pain in the lower legs according to WebMD.
Pain in the lower calf is often one of the first symptoms of tendinitis, or inflammation of the tendon. Common treatments include applying ice to the area, taking anti-inflammatory medications and wearing supportive shoes to ease tension on the tendons. Severe pain may indicate a torn Achilles tendon. WebMD also cites inflamed muscles as a potential cause.
A sensation of pain in the lower legs can also be caused by blood clots, according to WebMD. Blood clots that occur deep in the body are known as deep vein thrombosis, and these clots commonly develop in the calves and thighs. Individuals are more at risk of developing these clots if they are overweight, smoke or have long periods of inactivity.
Calf pain while walking can occur as a result of various conditions affecting the bones, muscles, joints, blood vessels and nerves, so MedicineNet emphasizes that identifying the exact location and type of leg pain is essential for diagnosis. Additional symptoms, such as weakness, a tingling sensation and numbness, may also be present depending on the cause of the leg pain.


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Global Food Security
Agriculture, policy, economics and environment
Editor-in-Chief: D. ByerleeView full editorial board
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Elsevier is delighted to announce, that a new journal - Global Food Security- has launched in 2012.
Motivation for Global Food Security arose from concern about the difficulty scientists and policy makers have in keeping up with the expanding volume of information about the challenge of meeting human food and nutritional needs while protecting environmental services. Hence, the Journal aims to provide readers with:
1. Strategic views of experts from a wide range of disciplinary perspectives on prospects for ensuring food security, based on the best available science, in a clear and readable form for a wide audience, bridging the gap between biological, social and environmental sciences.
2. Reviews, opinions and debates that synthesize, extend and critique research approaches and findings from the rapidly growing body of original publications on global food security.
Global Food Security aims to publish papers that contribute to better understanding of economic, social, biophysical, technological...
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- Biofortification: Progress toward a more nourishing futureAmy Saltzman | Ekin Birol | ...
- Oil palm expansion transforms tropical landscapes and livelihoodsJeffrey Sayer | Jaboury Ghazoul | ...
- Delivering food security without increasing pressure on landPete Smith
Special Issues
- Special Section on "Selected papers from the 3rd Africa Rice Congress "Volume 5 (2015)
Marco Wopereis
- SI: GFS Conference 2013Volume 3, Issues 3-4 (2014)
Martin van Ittersum | Ken Giller
- Special Issue on the Somalia Famine of 2011-2012Volume 1, Issue 1 (2012)
Daniel Maxwell | Kirsten Gelsdorf | …
- Climate change through a gendered lens: Examining livestock holder food securitySarah L. McKune | Erica C. Borresen | …
- Assessment of rice self-sufficiency in 2025 in eight African countriesP.A.J. van Oort | K. Saito | …
- Improved global cropland data as an essential ingredient for food securityLinda See | Steffen Fritz | …
- Climate change through a gendered lens: Examining livestock holder food security
Sarah L. McKune | Erica C. Borresen | …
- Digital soil assessment for regional agricultural land evaluation
B. Harms | D. Brough | …
- Revised hunger estimates accelerate apparent progress towards the MDG hunger target
Colin David Butler


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NCPA Commentaries by Bob McTeer
Aug 17, 2012
Romney's Taxes: So How Much Is 13 Percent?
Forbes: In his most recent Forbes commentary, NCPA Senior Fellow Bob McTeer says dollars are more important than percentages.
Jul 01, 2012
The Euro's Dutch Disease
Forbes: In his latest Forbes commentary, NCPA Distinguished Fellow Bob McTeer discusses the weak Euro's effect on both strong and weak countries within the Euro zone.
Jun 26, 2012
The Diminishing Marginal Utility of Excess Bank Reserves
Daily Markets: NCPA Distinguished Fellow Bob McTeer says the Fed needs more open market transactions, not less.
Jun 19, 2012
The FOMC's Options
Forbes: In his latest Forbes commentary, Bob McTeer gives his take on the June FOMC decisions.
Jun 11, 2012
The Tragedy of the Common Currency
Forbes: Bob McTeer's poem about Europe's financial crisis.
Jun 01, 2012
Two Quibbles from Today's Data
Forbes: In his latest Forbes commentary, Bob McTeer clarifies May's unemployment numbers.
May 31, 2012
Real Final Sales Tick Up a Notch
Forbes: Bob McTeer says GDP numbers reflect a small increase in final sales.
May 27, 2012
Employment Dynamics--Gross Job Gains and Losses
Forbes: Bob McTeer says jobs numbers show a dynamic and evolving economy.
May 25, 2012
Avoiding a year-end fall from a fiscal cliff
The Dallas Morning News: Bob McTeer on his concerns about taxes, entitlements, and the looming fiscal cliff
Apr 27, 2012
Q1's 2.2 GDP Stronger Than Q4's 3.0
Forbes: Bob McTeer on the latest GDP numbers, noting that the recovery isn't nearly strong enough.


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Introducing Alliance Defending Freedom
Alliance Defending Freedom is an alliance-building legal organization that advocates for the right of people to freely live out their faith. Over the past 19 years, Alliance Defending Freedom has built alliances with thousands of Christian attorneys and hundreds of like-minded organizations to keep the door open for the spread of the Gospel. Together, we work tirelessly to accomplish what none of us can do alone: protect and defend YOUR religious freedom.
For Faith. For Justice.
The enduring mission of Alliance Defending Freedom is to gain justice for those whose faith has been unconstitutionally denied in the areas of religious liberty, the sanctity of life, and marriage and family.
Alliance Defending Freedom
A message from Alan Sears
Alliance Defending Freedom President, CEO, and General Counsel
By God's amazing grace, an exciting new chapter in the 19-year history of this alliance-building legal ministry is underway! After prayerful deliberations and much research, we changed our name last year from Alliance Defense Fund to Alliance Defending Freedom.
We pray this change will:
- open thousands of new doors for Alliance Defending Freedom
- strengthen our efforts
- attract additional Allied Ministry Friends
- make us even more effective at defending your religious liberty, the sanctity of life, and marriage and family
We also pray this will allow us to do things this ministry has never done before — for the glory of God, and the eternal salvation of more and more people.
Alliance Defending Freedom and our hundreds of allies are continuing the crucial work envisioned by ministry leaders who launched this legal ministry in 1994. Our Founders saw the critical need to protect religious freedom from repeated attacks by the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) and its allies. Thanks to the generous support of our Allied Ministry Friends, we're winning nearly 80 percent of our court battles. With continued support, Alliance Defending Freedom and our Allied Attorneys will keep winning great victories to preserve the free exercise of religion.
Alan Sears
President, CEO, and General Counsel
Alliance Defending Freedom
Defending Freedom Since 1994
1993 Free speech and religious freedoms ravaged
The Body of Christ in America was in big trouble. The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) and its allies fought — many times unopposed — to crush religious expression. Without an effective battle plan, Christians were losing their history and heritage of religious freedom mostly by default.
January 31, 1994: ADF launches strike force for freedom
Christian leaders, alarmed by the legal attacks on religious freedom, launch Alliance Defense Fund with Alan Sears as president.
2 critical wins for religious liberty
1995 — ADF plays a critical role in two Supreme Court victories that set legal precedents for future victories. One affirms the right for organizations to not associate with groups with whom they disagree. The second faults universities for illegally denying funding to student activities by reason of their religious convictions.
Legal Academy established
1997 — First-ever ADF Legal Academy begins training Christian attorneys in constitutional law so they can provide pro bono/dedicated service to the Body of Christ.
Blackstone Legal Fellowship
2000 — The ADF Blackstone Legal Fellowship leadership development program trains some of the best and brightest Christian law students from across the nation.
Equal access to school property
for Christians
2001 — U.S. Supreme Court rules that middle schools must provide equal access to after-school Bible clubs to meet on school property, thanks to precedent set by ADF.
2003 — The Homosexual Agenda: Exposing the Principal Threat to Religious Freedom Today, by ADF President, CEO, and General Counsel Alan Sears and Vice President of Research Craig Osten is published.
Same-sex "marriage" challenged in
San Francisco
2004 — ADF attorneys successfully challenge the illegal actions of then-San Francisco Mayor Gavin Newsom when he directs the city and county clerk to issue "marriage" licenses to same-sex couples in defiance of state law.
The ACLU vs.
2005 — The ACLU vs. America, by ADF President, CEO, and General Counsel Alan Sears and Vice President of Research Craig Osten is published.
U.S. Supreme Court affirms religious freedoms
2006 — In less than a month, the U.S. Supreme Court issues unanimous decisions affirming religious freedom in four ADF-backed cases.
Victory in
"partial-birth abortion" case
2007 — The U.S. Supreme Court upholds the federal ban on so-called "partial-birth abortions" in the ADF-backed case, Gonzales v. Carhart.
2008 — ADF launches its new magazine, Truth & Triumph.
ADF challenges
ACLU in school
tax-credit case
2011 — The U.S. Supreme Court affirms in ACSTO v. Winn, the right for parents to choose the best educational option for their children through an Arizona tuition tax credit program. This includes provision of scholarship funds to private Christian schools. The ACLU loses the right to use its "offended taxpayer" strategy to challenge such programs.
religious liberty overseas
2012 — ADF opens its European office in Vienna, Austria.
From today forward Advancing For Faith . . . For Justice
Together, we can fight for faith and justice as we face significant attacks on religious freedom, such as the ObamaCare abortion pill mandate which forces Christian ministries, colleges, and businesses to purchase insurance coverage that funds the destruction of human life.
Be part of Alliance Defending Freedom!
Send a gift of support
Help us continue to impact religious liberty worldwide. Ensure that your right to freely live out your faith is protected today and for years to come.
Frequently Asked Questions
- What is Alliance Defending Freedom?
Alliance Defending Freedom is an alliance-building legal ministry that advocates for the right of people to freely live out their faith.
- Who are your Founders?
Recognizing the need for a strong, coordinated legal defense against growing attacks on religious freedom, more than 30 prominent Christian leaders launched Alliance Defending Freedom in 1994. Five exceptional men took a leading role in forming this legal ministry, and set the high standard of excellence and good stewardship that we continue to abide by today. They are the late Dr. Bill Bright, founder, Campus Crusade for Christ (now Cru); the late Larry Burkett, co-founder, Crown Financial Ministries; Dr. James C. Dobson, founder and chairman emeritus, Focus on the Family, and founder, Family Talk; the late Dr. D. James Kennedy, former senior pastor, Coral Ridge Presbyterian Church; and the late Marlin Maddoux, former host, "Point of View" radio program.
- Why were you formed?
For decades, the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) and its allies used the courts to drive out public expressions of faith and to radically change America into something our Founding Fathers never intended. Religious freedom was rapidly eroding and a twisted view of the First Amendment was being advanced through the ACLU's relentless campaign of fear, intimidation, and disinformation.
Despite outstanding efforts by many Christians, our Founders saw a battlefield in disarray with inadequate resources to win. There were allies, but no alliance. There was limited unity of effort and limited common strategy. There was also no organized method to recruit and train Christian attorneys in modern legal challenges, and inadequate funding allowed much territory to be lost by default. One big myth also emerged during this period: many believed that the ACLU and its allies could never actually be defeated.
- What does Alliance Defending Freedom do?
Alliance Defending Freedom is an alliance-building legal ministry that advocates for the right of people to freely live out their faith. Our Founders saw three primary areas where the battle was most aggressively being fought to silence Truth. Those three core areas are what make up our primary scope of work today: the legal defense and advocacy of religious liberty, the sanctity of life, and marriage and family. Our work in these three areas involves a unique combination of strategy, training, funding, and litigation.
- What does Alliance Defending Freedom not do?
Alliance Defending Freedom was founded for a unique purpose: to build an alliance of thousands of attorneys and like-minded organizations that would work together to defend and advocate for religious liberty, the sanctity of life, and marriage and family. Therefore, we do not duplicate our allies' work, nor aid them in areas outside the scope of our mission.
- Why don't you try to pass legislation or lobby government officials?
Alliance Defending Freedom was created to serve as an alliance-building legal ministry and not as a public policy organization, though we work with many excellent allied policy organizations on related legal issues. Many of our Founders were already involved in public policy and saw the special need for this ministry's role in the judiciary.
Alliance Defending Freedom operates under the strict charter given to us by our Founders. We focus exclusively on legal cases and projects impacting religious liberty, the sanctity of life, and marriage and family. While there are many worthy causes outside of these parameters, we must concentrate on these areas to most effectively achieve our mission. This means that, while we defend legislative initiatives pertaining to our mission in court, and join forces with allies in many legal endeavors. Alliance Defending Freedom is not a lobbying organization, so its lobbying activity is insubstantial. ADF attorneys regularly engage in non-lobbying activities, such as providing advice and expert testimony on proposed legislation when requested. ADF also frequently comments in various forums on the effects of proposed and enacted laws. But we refrain from doing a substantial amount of lobbying government officials.
There are many fine organizations that focus on the legislative arena, and there is no need to duplicate their efforts. One of our founding ministries is Focus on the Family, which has established policy councils in almost every state. You may want to contact these organizations for help on state policy matters. On the national level, you may want to contact our allies with the Family Research Council.
- What is your mission statement?
Alliance Defending Freedom is a servant ministry building an alliance to keep the door open for the spread of the Gospel by transforming the legal system and advocating for religious liberty, the sanctity of life, and marriage and family.
- How are you different from other organizations?
Alliance Defending Freedom is a unique organization in many ways; most notably, we are an alliance-building legal ministry, not just a legal organization. As an alliance, we use the unique combination of strategy, training, funding, and litigation to accomplish our purpose. Though other organizations may have their own litigation teams, no other organization in the world is using strategy, training, and funding at the level in which we are operating.
- I don't want too much mail.
We understand that many people are concerned about their general mail volume – and not just what they receive from Alliance Defending Freedom. You may be pleased to know that we actually mail much less often than many national ministries. We want our friends and supporters to be informed and equipped to knowledgeably pray about our efforts because we know that "apart from Christ, we can do nothing." (John 15:5) Normally, we send our prayer letters monthly and our ministry publication three times per year to all who give a gift, unless they specifically ask not to be put on the mailing list.
If receiving mail is not the most convenient way to keep updated on our cases and projects, please feel free to call our offices at 1-800-835-5233 or use our contact form to let us know your mail preferences.
- Do you share my name or contact information with anyone else or any other group?
Your concern is our concern: Alliance Defending Freedom will handle your personal information with the utmost care and confidentiality. This ministry will never sell, rent, or make available your name for non-Alliance Defending Freedom purposes or information related to your gifts.
- How can I help?
The most important way you can help us is with your prayers and financial support. We know that "apart from Christ, we can do nothing." (John 15:5) So, we would greatly appreciate your prayers for all our efforts. You can find a regularly updated prayer request list here. We also face well-funded opposition and would be honored by your gift of any amount. To stand with us financially, please click here, and know that we will maximize every penny we receive to advocate for the right of people to freely live out their faith.
Here are some additional ways you can help:
- Sign up for email alerts to stay informed on cases and projects that impact religious liberty, the sanctity of life, and marriage and family.
- Direct Christian attorneys you know to our world-class constitutional law training program called Alliance Defending Freedom Legal Academy.
- Tell Christian students you know who are entering or considering law school to learn about our summer leadership development program called Blackstone Legal Fellowship.
- Inform your pastor, elders, or church leaders about the Alliance Defending Freedom Church Project by referring them to http://www.speakupmovement.org/church
- Refer college students you know to http://www.speakupmovement.org/Home/University, where they can learn more about their rights as Christian students on campus.
- Order our pamphlets and materials and help spread the word about the work of Alliance Defending Freedom to those you know.
- Be our eyes and ears in your community. If you think someone is in need of our legal assistance, tell them to call us at 1-800-835-5233.
- I'd like to work for Alliance Defending Freedom.
We appreciate your desire to join our team! In order to find the most current listing of job opportunities, please visit the employment section of our website at http://www.alliancedefendingfreedom.org/Careers. If there is a position that is of interest to you, please follow the instructions to submit your resume and cover letter.
- Trouble receiving or accessing email alerts?
To help us troubleshoot, please use the contact form to give us a brief summary of your experience and to answer the following questions?
- Which operating system do you have – Windows Vista, Windows XP, Mac OS X, etc?
- Which browser are you using – Explorer, Firefox, Safari?
- Do you have a high-speed Internet connection or dial-up?
Your feedback provides us with details that may be very important in resolving this situation.
- Trouble watching a video?
We are sorry you are having trouble viewing the video we sent to you.
Alliance Defending Freedom uses popular video sharing sites – like YouTube and Vimeo – to post most of the videos we share with our Allied Ministry Friends on our various websites. Here are some minimum system requirements that must be met on your computer in order to properly view these videos:
- Adobe Flash Player version 7.0+ must be installed on your system
- You can easily find out which Flash version is installed on your computer by going to http://kb2.adobe.com/cps/155/tn_15507.html
- If the version of the Flash Player is less than 7.0, you can download and install the most up-to-date version for free by going to http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer/?promoid=DXLUJ
- If your computer is a PC, you must be running Windows 2000, XP, or Vista. If your computer is a Mac, you must be running OS X 10.3 or higher.
- You must be using the web browser Internet Explorer version 5.0, Firefox 1.1, or Safari 1.0 – or more recent versions. If your browser does not meet these requirements, you can download the latest versions for free with these links:
- Internet Explorer: http://www.microsoft.com/windows/internet-explorer/default.aspx
- Firefox: http://www.mozilla.com/en-US/firefox/ie.html
- Safari: http://support.apple.com/downloads/#internet
A high-speed Internet connection is also recommended to download files with large sizes that are associated with watching a video.


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The latest edition of the Hay & Pasture Report is now available online.
June brings us the second edition of the 2015 Hay and Pasture Report. The 2015 growing season has brought challenging conditions: late spring frost and dry conditions in many parts of Saskatchewan and damaging wind and hail in some areas. Reports from around the province are that hay fields generally look poor and many are concerned about having adequate forage supplies for the upcoming year. The Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) accumulated precipitation map from September 1, 2014 to June 18, 2015 indicates that most areas of Saskatchewan have received between 150-300 mm of precipitation in that period, with Western Saskatchewan receiving less than the eastern portion of the province.
Read on to learn more about adding legumes to annual crop rotations, planning for and managing pastures during drought, alfalfa in perennial pastures and more. Every issue of the Report also contains the most recent Saskatchewan Agriculture Crop Report and a summary of forage market information from Saskatchewan and surrounding jurisdictions.
Go to Saskatchewan Forage Council Resources on this website or click here to open the pdf version of the report.
Posted July 7, 2015
This year's AGM and tour will be held on June 23 near Lanigan, SK in conjunction with the Western Beef Development Centre (WBDC) field day. Keynote speaker is Jim Gerrish and the day will feature a number of speakers and an afternoon bus tour. Come and join the SFC for the meeting or take in the full day of activities.
Join the Saskatchewan Forage Council for this course in one of three locations, specially designed for reclamation and environmental assessment practicioners. Courses will take place June 11 in Kisbey/Arcola area, June 16 in Swift Current area and June 24 in Brock/Kindersley Area.
Workshop highlights include native grass and forb plant ID; tame forage seedling and weed seedling ID; determining seeding rate and evaluating plant stand success and building an understanding of ecological sites. This workshop will include time in the classroom and field and is a CDP event for the Saskatchewan Institute of Agrologists.
Leanna will be operating the Saskatchewan Forage Council from her home office located near Asquith, SK. Please note that contact information for the Saskatchewan Forage Council including mailing address, phone and fax numbers are changed effective immediately.
For more information, please contact:
Forage prices remain
mixed in late 2014 and early 2015, with variations in pricing based on quality
and demand. Prices have remained
relatively steady over the past 12 months with slightly more hay on offer in
early 2015 than in January 2014 but not a lot of hay trading locally at this
time. The 2014/2015 winter season has been mild as compared to the past two
years but livestock producers are still working to rebuild forage supplies and
are wary of approaching another potentially cool early growing season with
insufficient hay on hand.
The Saskatchewan Forage Council in partnership with Ducks Unlimited, the Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture and Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada are currently undertaking an ADOPT (Agriculture Demonstration of Practices and Technologies), which will demonstrate the use of the grazing response index on Saskatchewan pastures.
The Grazing Response Index (GRI) is a relatively new,
easy-to-use pasture monitoring tool designed to assist pasture managers to
understand how plants and their native rangelands respond to grazing.
AAFC's 4-page factsheet discusses the strengths of GRI and explains in
detail how to use the tool and interpret the results for optimized grazing
management. An additional 2-page insert walks the reader through a GRI
assessment and includes a blank GRI assessment worksheet.
The October issue of the Hay and Pasture Report is the final report for the 2014 forage season. In this edition of the Report, we look back at the highlights and trends for 2014 growing season in Saskatchewan. This issue also features articles about pricing corn silage and the nutritive value of warm season versus cool season corn varieties to assist producers planning to use corn for feed during the upcoming winter or those who are considering planting corn in 2015. In addition to other articles, the Saskatchewan Agriculture Crop Report and Saskatchewan and nearby-market forage prices are included in this report.
As harvest operations are wrapped up, fall and winter conferences and workshops relating to the forage and livestock industry are being planned. Keep up to date on new research, technology and ideas by checking out the Upcoming Events section on the SFC website and planning to attend an event this year!
To view the Saskatchewan Hay and Pasture Report -October 2014, click here .
Posted November 15, 2014
Fertilizing Seeded Forages in Saskatchewan (Saskatchewan Ministy of Agriculture)
Bale Grazing
Seeding into Terminated Forage Stands
Grazing High Percentage Alfalfa Stands
Livestock Watering Systems
Livestock Watering Systems in Saskatchewan (this file is over 7MB in size so may be slow to load)
Invasive Weed Control
The Saskatchewan Forage Council and partners have completed
a project funded by the ADF (Agriculture Development Fund) which sampled tame
and native forage species in Saskatchewan pastures for trace mineral content. Forages were sampled and forage
quality was analyzed in both the spring and fall of 2012 and 2013 from four
soil zones within the province.
only required in less than 100 parts per million (ppm), when deficient, these
minerals can have severe impacts on animal health which can have a significant
economic impact for livestock producers.
have been developed as a resource to share the results of this project and are available by soil zone. To view:
Minerals Black
Soil Zone Factsheet click here.
Minerals Gray Soil
Zone Factsheet click here .
Minerals Dark
Brown Soil Zone Factsheet click here.
Minerals Brown
Soil Zone Factsheet click here.
Print copies of all Trace Minerals Factsheets are available by contacting the SFC at 306.969.2666 or e-mail
for the final project report coming soon on the website!
Funding for this project was provided by the
Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture and the Canada-Saskatchewan Growing
Forward bi-lateral agreement.
Project Partners: Western Beef Development Centre,
University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture
Posted July 15, 2014
The Saskatchewan Forage Council (SFC) is pleased to announce
presentation of the 2014 Forage Industry Innovation Award to Dr Bruce
Coulman at the Council's Annual Meeting held June 26, 2014 near
Lashburn, SK. This award recognizes exemplary innovation, leadership,
service and stewardship in Saskatchewan's forage industry.
To view the full article click here.
Posted June 15, 2014
new director and several returning individuals were recently named to
the Saskatchewan Forage Council (SFC) Board of Directors at the Annual
Meeting held on June 26, 2014 near Lashburn, SK. The SFC welcomes Greg
Penner from the University of Saskatchewan's College of Agriculture and
Bioresources (department of Animal and Poultry Science) to the Board.
Re-elected to the Board for a renewed term were Ryan Sommerfeld,
producer from Medstead, SK, Dave Kerr, producer from Lashburn, SK, Steve
Pylot, producer from Meadow Lake, SK, Kelly Williamson, producer from
Pambrun, SK and Bruce Coulman from the University of Saskatchewan's
College of Agriculture and Bioresources (department of Plant Science).The SFC recognized retiring Board member Diane Knight from the University of Saskatchewan. Knight stepped off the board as she is taking a sabbatical in the coming year. The SFC wisher her well in her future endeavours and thanks her for her contributions over the past year.
To view the full press release click here.
Posted June 15, 2014
The Saskatchewan Forage Market Report
from January 2014 is now
available! This report provides an overview of the 2013 forage season in Saskatchewan including production, environmental, and
market conditions. It gives buyers and sellers price averages for
forages bought and sold in Saskatchewan and beyond during the 2013 growing season and into the fall and winter.
Forage prices have been mixed in late 2013 and early 2014, with
variations in pricing based on quality and demand. High quality hay such
as pure, second-cut alfalfa is in demand but there is little on offer,
which has resulted in price increases since the January 2013 report.
Although asking prices for mixed hay and grass hay have increased in the
past year, buying and settled prices have declined, likely due in part
to variable quality. Late forage harvest and rainfall during haying
season have led to quality concerns in some areas. In fact, a survey
conducted by the Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture indicates that
energy levels in the 2013 hay crop are lower than anticipated.
To view the Saskatchewan Forage Market Report - January 2014, click here.
(Photo Credit: Laura-Lie Schellenberg, Beechy, SK)
Posted May 19, 2014
The Saskatchewan Forage Council (SFC) and partners have recently completed the ADOPT (Agricultural Demonstration of Practices and Technologies) project, "Cicer Milkvetch Establishment Options."
Many livestock producers are interested in improving hay or pasture stands with the addition of a legume. The use of non-bloating legumes such as cicer milkvetch are desirable for many livestock and forage producers due to pasture management options, productive capability and nutritional quality. Producers are interested in the most effective methods of establishing this sometimes difficult to establish legume. The objective of this project was to demonstrate various establishment strategies for cicer milkvetch as part of a new forage stand and evaluate the relative effectiveness of these strategies.
To read the complete Project Summary, click here.
To view the Cicer Milkvetch Establishment Options ADOPT project Final Report, click here.
To watch the Forage Variety Comparisons: Cicer Milkvetch video that highlighs this project, click here.
Posted January 27, 2014
The Saskatchewan Forage Council (SFC) and partners have recently
completed the ADOPT (Agricultural Demonstration of Practices and
Technologies) project, "Demonstration of Perennial Forage Crops." This project showcased over 40 perennial forage species, including both grass and legumes at four research farms in Saskatchewan in side-by-side demonstration plots in 2012 and 2013.
The volume of information and the wide variety of forages available can make forage selection an overwhelming process. These demonstration sites provided an opportunity for producers to view the relative success of both legume and grass species in their own regions to assist in selection of forages for their own operations.
A video was developed to provide more information on the bromegrass varieties in this demonstration and it can be accessed on YouTube (SFC Bromegrass Video).
To read the complete Project Summary, click here.
To view the Demonstration of Perennial Forage Crops ADOPT project Final Report, click here.
The Saskatchewan Forage Council (SFC) and industry partners have completed the CAAP (Canadian Agricultural Adaptation Program) project, "Invasive Plant Species Management Strategies: Capacity Building for Saskatchewan's Forage & Livestock Industry."
Invasive plant species are present in Saskatchewan and are often found
established within forage acres. These invasive plant species pose a
very real and significant threat. This extensive three year project provided the resources to
path find and pilot solution for the forage and livestock industry to
deal with this ever-growing threat of invasive plant species. A
proactive approach was taken to develop the capacity and tools to
respond to the issue and pilot practical measures across the wider
industry. Project objectives included increasing Saskatchewan producers'
awareness of invasive plant species and also assessed existing
weed-free forage certification programs and the potential for these to
be adapted for Saskatchewan use.
The project was very successful in meeting its original objectives.
Awareness of the threat of invasive plant species was increased and an
in depth assessment of existing weed-free forage certification programs and
opportunities for a provincial program were fully evaluated. Clearly,
there is much work left to be done but this project fulfilled its role
to initiate the conversation, bring industry partners together on this
critical issue, and identify next steps.
To view the Project Final Report, click here. To view the Strategic Assessment Report, click here. To view the Facilitated Focus Group Report, click here. To view the Project Summary, click here.
The education and awareness component of this project involved the creation of a series of five Beneficial Management Practices (BMPs) factsheets focusing on the prevention and control of invasive plant species
within various sectors of the forage industry including FORAGE SEED, GRAZING, RIPARIAN, HAY, and TRANSPORTATION. It also involved the creation of the SASKATCHEWAN INVASIVE PLANT SPECIES IDENTIFICATION GUIDE. The ID Guide
focuses on the many invasive plant species that are pertinent to SK and
provides plant characteristics and information about each species.
To view or download online versions of the Factsheets, click here.
To view or download an online version of the ID Guide, click here.
Print copies of all the Factsheets and the ID Guides are available by contacting the SFC at 306.969.2666 or
Funding for this project has been
provided by Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada through the Canadian
Agricultural Adaptation Program (CAAP). In Saskatchewan, this program is
delivered by the Agriculture Council of Saskatchewan. A project
steering committee participated in the project's activities, design and
delivery and included representatives from the following
organizations/agencies: Saskatchewan Forage Council, Frenchman-Wood
River Weed Management Area, Saskatchewan Forage Seed Development
Commission, Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture, Saskatchewan
Association of Rural Municipalities, and Agriculture and Agri-Food
Canada. Additional support (financial and in-kind) for this project was
provided by Crossing the Medicine Line Network, SaskEnergy, SaskPower,
SaskTel, True North Specialty Products, ConocoPhillips, Dow AgroSciences
and Canada North Environmental Services.
Posted November 4, 2013
The Saskatchewan Forage Seed Development Commission (SFSDC) has released their Fall 2013 Prairie Seeds Newsletter. It provides relevant updates and information surrounding forage seed industry research, production, and events.
To view the Newsletter, click here.
Posted November 3, 2013
The Saskatchewan Forage Council (SFC) and partners have recently completed the ADOPT (Agricultural Demonstration of Practices and Technologies) project, "Options for Establishing Forages on Saline Soils."
Saline areas are a significant concern for Saskatchewan producers. The objective of this project was to pathfind different options for establishing forages on these saline areas, including new and existing forage varieties with the potential to germinate and compete with saline-tolerant weeds.
A presentation has been put together by the SFC to show the results of the project and the lessons learned. To view the presentation, click here.
To view the Forages on Saline Soils ADOPT project Final Report, click here.
Posted October 14, 2013
The Saskatchewan Forage Council (SFC) was officially formed May 2, 1988 by a visionary group of forage industry stakeholders. The original board of directors included: Robert McGillivray, S.E. Beacom, Les Bohrson, Rodney Duczek, Don Gayton, Clare Phillips, Ken Stoner, Greg Sommerfeld and Bill Weighill. This group represented people from the forage seed, research, export, processing and livestock sectors - indicating that since its inception in 1988, the SFC has recognized and embraced the diversity of the forage industry.
The SFC was formed as a means to provide the forage industry with a voice. The formation of a provincial council would be a way to pull those working on forage issues together. Also, forages were not adequately represented by other crop commodity groups, thus there was a gap to be filled.
It is important to acknowledge the hard work and vision of all the former board members and employees that have helped make this council a success. Here's to another 25 years serving the forage industry!
To read the complete article, click here.
Posted July 8, 2013
The Livestock and Forage Gazette has enjoyed a dedicated readership in Saskatchewan and beyond during the last decade. To see a previous newsletter please click here. It is now moving to electronic distribution, so if you would like to receive the January 2012 enewsletter please join the mailing list. The Gazette will continue to provide you with the same informative content that livestock producers have come to know and expect!
To sign up for the electronic Livestock and Forage Gazette, click on the Forage Gazette Sign Up tab in the side menu on the left (in the Main Menu under Contact Us)
Posted December 20, 2011
The Saskatchewan Forage Council is pleased to announce the release of the much-anticipated report entitled "The Value of Saskatchewan's Forage Industry – A Multi-Level Analysis". The first of its kind in the province, the report characterizes this diverse industry and looks at the value of forages to Saskatchewan's economy, environment and society as a whole. Read more...
Download the complete report: Print Version(4.4MB) or Screen Version(2.2MB)
For more information or to request a print copy of the report, contact the Saskatchewan Forage Council at 306.969.2666 or
Posted April 15, 2010


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Discover what laptop is the best for you with our list of the best laptop reviews. Select your requirements and we'll show you what laptops should be at the top of your list including the best tablets, Android tablets, netbooks and iPad as rated by our experts and our users.
About us


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You can indicate the ring size, special gift wrapping or any other request to the designer at checkout.
Ships with
DHL Express: 2 - 5 days from dispatch.
Heavy 18ct Gold Plated Brass
Length of Earrings: Approx 5cm including tassel
Hoop Width: Approx 2cm
These delicate earrings takes inspiration from Ancient Grecian and Indian decoration and architecture and feature contemporized filigree-esque detailing, and floating geometric shapes.
These beautiful little scallop tassel studs are the perfect alternative to traditional stud earrings, featuring a fine hammered wire hoop filled with floating shapes and filigree-esque detailing such as hand twisted hammered wire and a dainty triple fine belcher and trace chain tassel.
Note*: All earrings are made with Sterling Silver posts/studs and Scrolls/hooks to avoid skin irritation.
Delivery: As every item is carefully hand made in my London Studio, delivery time takes up to 2 weeks.
Each item is packaged in one of Annabelle's beautiful blue boxes with her embossed gold logo and comes complete with a care label.
Ships with
DHL Express: 2 - 5 days from dispatch.


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12.1" ibook with superdrive
if i buy a superdrive off of ebay pulled from a power book, would it work if i fitted it into my ibook? taking it apart would not be a problem, i am just wondered if it would work or not?
thanks, Paul :headphone
from what ive read, i think it might work:
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51 year old man | Greensboro, NC, USA | Seeking women 29-45 within 50 miles
I'm an easy guy,honest,romantic ,I like enjoy my friends and family,cook italian food ,routine breaker ,but down to the earth with goals.
I am very gentle and easy, transparent, but a warrior, I do not care to show my feelings, very family oriented, I like to share activities and responsibilities, I love to help, cooking Italian food and develop my own recipes with good wine and candles, I think love is very fragile and needs attention must be fed every day, for me is very important fight for the loyalty and goals and enjoy life with real simple things of life, that is the essentially, I love technology, but I disagree with people all day with the phones, laptop or in front of the television, I prefer to speak or read a book together, exercising, walking under the moonlight, cook together, break routine, a good cup of coffee, I think faith is the root of us who can not see, but it keeps us up, I strongly about feeding our spirit with faith. I love landscaping, decorating the house and rebuild for myself, about my partner expect more or less the same strength to fight for common goals enjoy the way of a transparent, comprehensive and easy.
Book club , Coffee and conversation , Cooking , Dining out , Movies/Videos , Museums and art , Music and concerts , Exploring new areas , Nightclubs/Dancing , Performing arts , Playing sports , Political interests , Religion/Spiritual , Shopping/Antiques , Travel/Sightseeing , Volunteering , Watching sports , Wine tasting
Aerobics, Auto racing / Motorcross, Dancing, Running, Swimming, Tennis / Racquet sports, Walking / Hiking, Weights / Machines
I exercise 3-4 times per week.
I have Exotic Pets
Turtle .I love dogs!
Middle of the Road
New york ,dubai,shangai ,punta del este in winter ,italy
Fox College, Oak Lawn, IL
I love the music,,romantic moveis,comedy,cook itlian food with a good wine
Dining out ,movies,dancing,art,museums,sports ,volunteering,shopping,religion,concrts ,walk in the beach,invent new things evry time,theatre ,exposisions,just enjoy .
Why we are here,only with love
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|What he is looking for
|5'11" (180cms)
|5'0" (152cms) to 5'11" (180cms)
|Body type:
|About average
|Slender, Big and beautiful, About average, Curvy, Athletic and toned, A few extra pounds, Stocky
|Black, Blue, Brown, Grey, Green, Hazel
|Light brown
|Auburn / Red, Black, Light brown, Dark brown, Blonde, Dark blonde, Grey, Platinum, Bald
|No Way
|No Way
|Social Drinker
|Social Drinker
|Other profession
|No preference
Leather tech.
|$35,001 to $50,000
|No preference
|Never Married, Widow / Widower, Currently Separated, Divorced
|Have kids:
|No preference
|Wants kids:
|Definitely, Someday, Not sure, Probably not, No
|Latino / Hispanic
|Latino / Hispanic, Middle Eastern, White / Caucasian
My roots are mixed , italian , argentinian,uruguayan,spanish
|Christian / Catholic
|No preference
|English, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish
|English, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish
|Some college
|High school, Some college, Associates degree, Bachelors degree, Graduate degree, PhD / Post Doctoral


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Limited-time feature
28 year old man | Saint Louis, MO, USA | Seeking women 22-35 within 20 miles of Chicago, IL
So maybe like you, I joined here because I...
So maybe like you, I joined here because I thought it would be another great way to meet people. I would definitely consider myself a social person, and still appreciate meeting people the "old fashioned way", but if you are single I don't think you can ignore all the success people are having making connections this way. Regardless, my take on relationships is I don't want to settle for anything short of an incredibly fun, passionate and absolutely magnetizing connection with someone. If it is anything short of that, why bother. By being on here you may also feel the same way, so that's a good start. I recently moved back to St. Louis after a 4-year stint in Chicago which was amazing. However, having grown up here, when I got an exciting career opportunity that allowed me to move back, it was an easy decision. Now I love what I do, but work is not my entire life, it supports it. During the day, I would say I am a highly-driven investment consultant for a commercial real estate investment management firm. I have the amazing privilege to work with some of the best financial advisors in St. Louis as well as the country as I get to travel from Seattle, to Denver to Montana to wherever they are based to work with them and their clients. Additionally, my family has a local custom clothing business which I dabble in as well, therefore it is a personal as well as a professional endeavor of mine to be consistently well dressed. Outside of work, I strive to continue to call myself a professional musician, singer-songwriter and recording artist. I am in the process of writing my third professional but first solo album—I hope the woman I end up with loves music just as much as I do as it is a huge part of my life and just enhances everything about it. I enjoy great movies, classic literature, loud music, live concerts and fine bourbon. I love going out and meeting interesting people and exploring whatever city I happen to be in. I have been known at the last minute to get tickets to a cool event or concert, make a reservation or plan for a road trip; a girl that is fun, flexible and eager to join in these things is amazing in my eyes. I love to stay active but chilling on the couch is necessary at times. I am a former hockey player but still play and stay in competitive shape. I hope you enjoy staying active as well. Overall I am looking for a woman who just has her stuff together, who is smart, social, fun, caring and adventurous. Who has a beautiful smile and isn't afraid to show it off and who never wants to compromise to have a half-hearted or lackluster relationship. But it all starts with a little conversation so let's chat…
Camping , Coffee and conversation , Business networking , Cooking , Dining out , Fishing/Hunting , Movies/Videos , Museums and art , Music and concerts , Exploring new areas , Nightclubs/Dancing , Performing arts , Playing sports , Shopping/Antiques , Travel/Sightseeing , Volunteering , Watching sports , Wine tasting
Baseball, Football, Golf, Hockey, Other types of exercise, Running, Swimming, Walking / Hiking, Weights / Machines, Yoga
I exercise 5 or more times per week.
Don't display my sign
I have a Golden retriever named Dixie
Middle of the Road
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
|What he is looking for
|6'1" (185cms)
|5'2" (157cms) to 6'3" (190cms)
|Body type:
|Athletic and toned
|Slender, About average, Athletic and toned
|No preference
|Dark brown
|Auburn / Red, Black, Light brown, Dark brown, Blonde, Dark blonde
|No Way
|No Way, Occasionally
|Social Drinker
|Social Drinker, Moderately
|Financial / Accounting / Real Estate
|No preference
|I'll tell you later
|No preference
|Never Married
|Never Married, Divorced
|Have kids:
|Wants kids:
|Definitely, Someday, Not sure
|White / Caucasian
|No preference
|Christian / Catholic
|No preference
|Bachelors degree
|Some college, Associates degree, Bachelors degree, Graduate degree, PhD / Post Doctoral


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100% ALLEGED Showbiz, Blind Items and Gossip Thread (Part 4)
View Single Post
01-03-2013, 23:02
Forum Member
Join Date: Feb 2012
Posts: 6,097
Originally Posted by
I've heard rumours about the T4 presenter before so it wouldn't surprise me at all. I remember when the DJ hosted a well known telethon last year and as soon as he walked on set it was obvious that he was off his face on some substance or other. He was hyper and his eyes were practically popping out of his head. There were also some very interesting comments under articles about him on the Daily Mail website recently, so blatant were that I was surprised they even published them!
I can see him getting caught out soon like the Croydon supermodel, as it does seem to be getting quite blatant now. I've had no sleep, been partying all night and here I am to present the breakfast show. Wonder if his little stylish mate is at it too
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10 Things You Didn't Know About Fruit Ninja
Chances are, if you have a smartphone, you've played Fruit Ninja. Whether you're a sensei or a humble grasshopper, Luke Muscat and Phil Larsen give you 10 things you definitely don't know about Fruit Ninja.
by Jess McDonell on
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in nokia 3g
That microphone sounds defective! :P
With the 10 new things I just learned about Fruit Ninja, I now know 10 things about Fruit Ninja.
Fruit Trolled!
what is this, and why is it on the front page
Enjoyed seeing the developers, and hearing their comments. I am a huge fan of Fruit Ninja, it's a great way to kill 15-20 minutes of time, instead of playing Solitaire, or Angry Birds.
nice guys
i thought this was gonna be about in game things like tips/hints but ended up being a waste of 3min
10 things to keep to yourself
First time I heard of this game was how that the girl who plays Arya on Game of Thrones discovered it and got the entire cast playing it.
Fell asleep watching this.... zzZZZ
Can't really see anything interesting or funny in all the discution. Well seeing them think they're funny, THAT'S FUNNY!
meat assassin will be next..... watch your meat!
Lame information. Absolutely did not care about any of the 10 points.
Veggie Samurai owns fruit ninja
Fruit ninja Xbox in the back! SICK!
I actually knew number 9 XD
thats a funny mic
Yes really I didn't know this tips ago about fruit Ninja.........
@Talavaj so you never heard of this game?
@Soothsayer42 @Talavaj lol...