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28 year old woman | Davie, FL, USA | Seeking men 26-40 within 80 miles
Classy Sassy And A Bit Smart...
I am attracted to the "nice guy", someone who is caring, sweet, and truthful. A sense of humor is a must! An individual who can understand and appreciate sarcasm … sarcasm might be a leading form of communication for myself, friends, and family. I personally don't think there is anything wrong with being silly, goofy, and awkward ... I might be all three 8D. I would have to say without a doubt I am a sapiosexual (which is not something dirty so clean up your thoughts Mr.!)… it is an individual who is attracted to the intelligence of others. I love learning and others who love to learn as well. I am a bit of a nerd… Ok I am a huge nerd. Being active is also a major part of my life. I love crossfit, spinning, yoga, skateboarding, scuba diving, paddle boarding, surfing, playing flag football, and basically anything fun and active. I am looking for someone who cannot only keep up with me but can challenge me. Family is very important to me. I come from a huge family and I love it. I am currently obtaining my doctorate in clinical psychology. I work in a sports medicine clinic and a geriatric clinic. I love my jobs and school; my career is extremely important to me. I love going out, being active, and trying new things.
Camping , Cooking , Dining out , Hobbies and crafts , Movies/Videos , Museums and art , Music and concerts , Exploring new areas , Nightclubs/Dancing , Playing sports , Travel/Sightseeing , Volunteering , Watching sports , Wine tasting
Aerobics, Cycling, Dancing, Football, Other types of exercise, Running, Swimming, VolleyBall, Walking / Hiking, Weights / Machines, Yoga
I exercise 5 or more times per week.
I have Dogs
I have a dog named Shayne, she was adopted from the pound. She is 12 years old and about 100 lbs.
Middle of the Road
The beach, Ft. Lauderdale, Mizner, Miami, Orlando
University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL
My family, my dog, eating, sports, the beach, school, work, and volunteering.
I enjoy skateboarding, scuba diving, playing sports, traveling, dinning, movies, and hanging with friends at the beach or a bar.
The self-determination theory... Most of my leisure reading is psychology related.
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
|What she is looking for
|5'10" (177cms)
|6'0" (182cms) to 8'11" (271cms)
|Body type:
|Athletic and toned
|Slender, Athletic and toned
|Black, Blue, Brown, Grey, Green, Hazel
|Auburn / Red, Black, Light brown, Dark brown, Blonde, Dark blonde, Platinum, Bald
|No Way
|No Way
|Social Drinker
|Social Drinker, Regularly
|Medical / Dental / Veterinary / Fitness
|No preference
I am currently working on my Doctorate in Psychology. I work in a sports medicine clinic and a geriatric clinic.
|I'll tell you later
|No preference
|Never Married
|Never Married
|Have kids:
|Wants kids:
|White / Caucasian
|Asian, Black / African descent, East Indian, Latino / Hispanic, Middle Eastern, Native American, Pacific Islander, White / Caucasian, Other
|I'll tell you later
|No preference
|Graduate degree
|No preference


text:
A monthly e-Publication from the Wayne State University Alumni Association
September 2007
Also in this Issue
Be a part of the West Coast connection by volunteering as a host at the Los Angeles, Las Vegas and Phoenix events. To become a volunteer, e-mail Marguerite Rigb...... Read MoreBe a Member - Win an iPhone
The hottest gadget on the market, the Apple iPhone, could be yours! Join the Wayne State University Alumni Association today and you'll be entered in a drawing to wi...... Read More
- - Robert F. Kennedy Jr. Featured at FOCIS Event
- - Show Us Your License Plate!
- - Get a Boost with CareerBoost! Workshop
- - Artist Tyree Guyton Featured at Alumni Lecture
- - Cheer on the Warriors in Grand Rapids
- - Get in the Zone at Homecoming 2007
- - Women of Wayne Honors President Reid
- - Undergraduate Admissions Offers Open House
- - Reunite at the Golden Jubilee Reunion
- - Attend Travel Preview and Travelers Reunion
- - Faculty Art Exhibit
- - Participants Needed for Rheumatoid Arthritis Study
- - African-American Authors Lecture Series
- - Women of Wayne Eastern Market Tour
- - Pharmacy and Health Sciences Alumni Reunion and Awards Presentation
- - College of Nursing LifeLine Awards
- - Law School Alumni Association Annual Meeting
- - Liberal Arts and Sciences Present The Collegian Awards
- - Advocacy Seminar Scheduled
- - Attend the Apple Awards
- - Join or Renew your Alumni Association Membership
Featured News
Wayne State Goes Hollywood
In the exciting tradition of gala premiers, awards ceremonies and red carpet walks, Wayne State is going Hollywood! It's a West Coast festival that will connect alumni across the country for the common purpose of celebrating Wayne State, garnering support and creating energy for the future. Multiple events have been planned in the Los Angeles area for Oct. 24-26, with the centerpiece being an e... Read More
Alumni Tweets
Alumni Events
Campus NewsRSS Feed
- National Multiple Sclerosis Society grant funds new study model
- Wayne State University FY2016 budget focuses on student experience
- SAE Warrior Racing named top team in Michigan, ranked 12th nationally at Formula West Competition
- National Institute of Food and Agriculture grant aims to assure food safety in Detroit's urban ...
Golden Jubilee Renion
Date: Friday, 10/9/2015 @ 11:00am
Location: Alumni House, WSU

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Heather Bowie Young takes lead
Updated: May 28, 2011, 7:02 PM ETAssociated Press
RIO DE JANEIRO -- Heather Bowie Young shot a 6-under 66 in chilly and rainy conditions Saturday to take a two-stroke lead over Suzann Pettersen and Lindsey Wright in the LPGA Tour's 36-hole Brazil Cup.
"It wasn't ideal, but we really just had two significant downpours that really didn't last very long," Young said. "Really the only hole that was difficult because of the weather was the third hole because its already a long hole and since it was raining it made it even longer."
Young ...
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Items tagged word processing software in MV Collections
Search the collections
Refine your search
Filter results by item type
(showing 1 - 7) 7 items
Apple Macintosh Software - ClarisWorks, 3½" Floppy Disk, 1991
ClarisWorks is an integrated software package that includes word processing, painting, drawing, spreadsheet and database, introduced in 1991. It was possible to use the components as if ...Images: 1
Apple Macintosh Software Package - Microsoft Works, 1986
Manual and 3½" floppy disk for Microsoft Works - an integrated software package that includes word processing, spreadsheet, database, communications and limited drawing, introduced in ...Images: 1
Apple Lisa Software - MacWorks Plus, 3½" Floppy Disks, 1988
Two 3.5 inch floppy disks containing software used to convert an Apple Lisa computer into an Apple Macintosh computer. When first released in 1983, the Lisa computer used an unusual fl ...From: Logan, United States Images: 1
Apple Macintosh Software - HyperCard Developer Kit 2.2, 3½" Floppy Disk, 1993
HyperCard is a software program that can be used to author an application of the user's design. HyperCard can be compared to a stack of cards, similar to a card index, in which each ca ...From: Cupertino, United States Images: 1
Apple II Software - Zardax Word Processor II, 5¼" Floppy Disk, 1983
Zardax word processor is an Apple II software program, introduced in 1983. Zardax was developed in Queensland, Australia, and was the very first word processor used in the Queensland D ...From: Mt Gravatt, Australia Images: 1
Book - 'The Mac Is Not A Typewriter', 1990
'The Mac is not a typewriter' is a style manual for creating professional-level type on the Macintosh. This book documented and emphasised the development of word processing and Desk T ...From: Berkeley, United States Images: 1
Apple Macintosh Software - Microsoft Word v 1.0, 3½" Floppy Disk, 1984
Microsoft Word is a word processor for the Macintosh. This is version 1.0 and was released in 1984. Word processing was amongst the first genres of software when personal computing eme ...Images: 1


text:
Originally written on Mr. Irrelevant | Last updated 11/21/12
Hey, let's play Predictions! Last week's winner is Donk Donkerson, who accurately predicted the Redskins-Eagles blowout. A reminder on how it works, for the uninitiated: Our Redskins-loving "staff" makes predictions in the post, readers make predictions in the comments, and the commenter who comes closest to predicting the final score gets to make a guest post. Hip-hip! Chris Mottram: Cowboys, 24-17 I am going to be watching this game with my in-laws in WV who are all too eager to mock me about the Redskins. Please, god, let Washington win so I don't lash out at my sister-in-law and make Thanksgiving super awkward for everyone. Going with Dallas, because everything is horrible and we can't have nice things. Pass the booze. Happy holidays, everyone! Matt Terl: Redskins, 24-23 I have no sense of what to expect from this game. The feeling of despair and imminent doom that usually fuels my picks is strangely absent, but it hasn't been replaced by wide-eyed optimism just yet. With a full...
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Bipasha Basu
Film Actress + Model
Born Jan 7, 1979 Age 36
Hometown New Delhi Religion Hindu
Height 5' 7" (170 cm) Nationality Indian
High School Bachelor`s of Com... Other Names Bipz
Bipasha Basu nicknamed "Bips" is an Indian actress who appears in Hindi language films. She has also worked in Telugu, Bengali and Tamil language films. She had a successful modeling career before venturing into films. She debuted in a negative role in… Read More
View newly released photos of Bipasha Basu.
Check out the latest love interests for Bipasha Basu.
Follow Bipasha Basu and discover her favorite places.
News + Updates
Browse recent news and stories about Bipasha Basu.
Neil Nitin, Bipasha Basu Walk The Ramp For Rohit VermaThe Times of India - Jan 24, 2014
Bipasha Basu Launches 3rd Fitness Dvd 'Unleash'The Times of India - Jan 18, 2014
Editors Choice Best Of The WeekBollywood Hungama - Jan 11, 2014
Lovebirds Bipasha Basu, Harman Baweja Spotted In LondonThe Times of India - Oct 12, 2013
Learn about the memorable moments in the evolution of Bipasha Basu.
1979 Birth Born on January 7, 1979.
1996 17 Years Old Basu was spotted by model Mehr Jessia Rampal at a hotel in Kolkata who suggested she take up modelling. In 1996, she won the Godrej Cinthol Supermodel Contest and the Ford Models Supermodel of the World contest. … Read More
2003 24 Years Old In 2003, Basu starred in Pooja Bhatt's thriller, Jism, which was well received by critics and fared well at the box office. … Read More
2004 25 Years Old Basu had four releases in 2004, all of which performed moderately and drew mixed reviews. … Read More
2005 26 Years Old 1 More Event
In 2005, she appeared in the love triangle Barsaat alongside Bobby Deol and Priyanka Chopra. … Read More
2006 27 Years Old She earned Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress nomination for the film. 2006 was equally successful for her with her four major releases - Phir Hera Pheri, Corporate, Omkara and Dhoom 2 - performing well critically and commercially. … Read More
2007 28 Years Old In 2007, Ronnie Screwvala's Dhan Dhana Dhan Goal performed below average at the box-office. … Read More
2008 29 Years Old 1 More Event
2009 30 Years Old Her first release in 2009, Aa Dekhen Zara failed to do well at the box office. … Read More
2010 31 Years Old With the 2010 film Pankh, Basu returned with her alluring image as an imaginary character who exists in the protagonist's mind. … Read More
2011 32 Years Old 2 More Events
Her only release in 2011 was Dum Maaro Dum which performed reasonably well at the box office and met with good reviews from critics. … Read More
2012 33 Years Old 2 More Events
… Basu is slated to make her international film debut with the 2012 Australian film Singularity. … Read More
Original Authors of this text are noted on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bipasha_Basu.
Text is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.
Not the person you were looking for? Search Bipasha Basu
Text is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.
Not the person you were looking for? Search Bipasha Basu


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Higher Education Audio & podcast
July 7, 2015
Technology is a good thing for everyone, right? In today's Academic Minute, the University of Michigan's Kentaro Toyama profiles the equality of benefits technology offers.
Higher Education WebinarsRegister for our upcoming conference, or purchase recordings of past conferences.
This WeekAn audio newscast that goes behind and beyond the headlines
Academic MinuteThe Academic Minute features professors from top institutions around the country, delving into topics from the serious to the light-hearted, keeping listeners abreast of what's new and exciting in the academy.
The PulseThe Pulse, hosted by Rodney B. Murray of University of the Sciences, is Inside Higher Ed's monthly technology podcast
The Exhibit Hall -- content from our advertisersFree webinars from our advertisers
January 19, 2012
In today's Academic Minute, St. John's University's Jeff Sovern explores efforts to make sure home buyers understand the terms of their loan.
January 18, 2012
In today's Academic Minute, Elizabeth Hellmuth Margulis of the University of Arkansas at Fayetteville reveals why musical silence is just as important to a composition as the notes themselves.
January 17, 2012
In today's Academic Minute, the University of Texas at Austin's Julia Mickenberg discusses how the political climate of the 20th century influenced children's literature.
January 16, 2012
In today's Academic Minute, Johns Hopkins University's Rebecca Murphy explores how decades of pollution control efforts are paying off for the Chesapeake Bay.
January 13, 2012
In today's Academic Minute, Middlebury College's William Poulin-Deltour examines how divergent cultural roots created different ideas of community in the United States and France.
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Field Controls Media Air Cleaners install in the return duct of virtually any forced air heating or cooling system...gas, oil or electric. As air flows through the system, the Media Air Cleaner traps particles as small as 1.0 micron* , including pollen, dust, and dander.
Field Controls MERV** pleated media filter contains enough air cleaning capacity to clean air for months without restricting air flow or putting a strain on the air handling system. Our filter media is electrostatically "supercharged" for better efficiency and longer service life. It is moisture resistant and will not support the growth of bacteria or other microbes.
The Field Controls Media Air Cleaner™ cabinet is installed in the return air duct of the forced air system prior to the furnace and air handler. As air passes through the system, airborne particles are trapped within the filter media. Unlike traditional filters, our Media Air Cleaner is able to trap up to 100 times more while maintaining efficiency and arrestance ratings in compliance with ASHRAE Standard 52.2.


text:
This summer's UX Boot Camp with Kiva Zip promises to be one of our most inspiring. In this deep-dive workshop diverse teams of designers collaborate to support Kiva Zip's mission: to connect entrepreneurs around in the United States and Kenya with the financial services they need.At Cooper's UX Boot Camp, students confront a real-world problem through intense collaboration under the guidance of industry leaders and top designers. The skills and benefits you bring home can be transformative:
Ready? Join Us!IxDA Members can take 15% off the registration price by using the code "IxDA_Member". Save your spot now for the UX Boot Camp: Kiva Zip August 12-15, in San Francisco.


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I know we have several threads discussing Sandy. Can we have one for folks to update us with the storm's progress and their family's welfare?
I'm in southcentral PA. I'm worried about you gals who are closer to coast than I am or who live in metropolitan areas.
Keep me updated, please!


text:
Photo: @therealremyma Instagram
3. Papoose
Remy Ma met Papoose through DJ Kay Slay. Originally she wasn't checking for him but warmed up to the Brooklyn spitter after hanging out with him in the studio.
Who would have thought going to jail would be good for anyone? More people are checking for her now than they ever were before she got locked up. She better capitalize off of this popularity in a big way. She might end up supporting papoose in the long run lol. I'm a fan of him but ain't nobody checking for homie.


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Illinois Public Media News
In-depth reporting from WILL, NPR, the Associated Press, and other sources
Contact WILL News at email@example.com
June 17, 2015
Linda Honigfort
June 16, 2015
The African Elephant Is Actually Two Separate Species - And In Danger
Jerry Huddleston/Wikimedia
June 15, 2015
What Resources Are Available For Train Staff After A Fatal Incident?
(Brian Mackey/IPR)
June 12, 2015
State Budget Impasse Puts Federal Money At Risk
(AP Photo/Seth Perlman, File)
June 12, 2015
Judge Orders U Of I To Release Salaita Emails
(Lisa Ryan/WUIS)
June 12, 2015
Will The Illinois State Museum Go The Way Of The Mastodon?
Nasa's Ames Research Center
June 11, 2015
U of I Soccer Lawsuit Refocuses Attention On Sports Concussions
Page 6 of 921 pages ‹ First < 4 5 6 7 8 > Last ›
WILL Newscast audio
NPR News
U.N.: Report On Iran's Atomic Program Possible By Year's End
Matt Stonie Downs 62 Hot Dogs For Coney Island Title
Week After Beach Attack, Tunisia Declares State Of Emergency
Lawrence Herkimer, The Father Of Modern Cheerleading, Dies At 89
Greek Official: 'Grexit' Would Cost Europe A Trillion Euros
Just A Few Important Words About The 'Declaration Of Independence'
#NPRreads: The 'Grexit,' Video Games And Fleeing The Rwandan Genocide
Pilot In Solar-Powered Plane Sets Aviation Record
Iceland's Pirate Party Wins Repeal Of Blasphemy Law
Parts Of Social-Sharing Site Reddit Go Dark In Apparent User Revolt
More NPR News
WILL Highlights
WILL News wins PRNDI Award for "Unmet Needs" Radio Doc
The 2014 radio documentary, produced by former WILL staff and hosted by Scott Cameron, won second place in the Long Form Documentary category among medium-sized stations.
WILL Ag Director Dave Dickey retires
He carried on the farm broadcasting tradition, while innovating on the Internet.
Brian Moline named WILL 'Morning Edition' host
Longtime WDWS sports and talk host will join WILL Radio staff on June 1.


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An excerpt (actually from first page) fro Shadow Lover, my sensual fantasy romance story included in the charity anthology from Phaze, Coming Together: Under Fire. You can get this book either as a download for $7 (ISBN 978-1-59426-857-1), or in print at $16 (978-1-59426-881-6) directly from the Phaze site: http://www.kingcart.com/Phaze/produc...l+Belegon,+eds
It's available from Fictionwise.com at http://fictionwise.com/ebooks/eBook54018.htm , and All Romance eBooks at http://allromanceebooks.com/product-...-5708-166.html , amd coming soon at Mobipocket, etc. & print: Amazon, etc.) as soon as their databases catch up.
Authors in this- Alessia Brio, Will Belegon, James Buchanan, Aurora Black, Jamie Hill, Brenna Lyons, Victoria Blisse, Rachel Kramer Bussel, Vincent Diamond, Laurence Doyen, Jeremy Edwards, Justanne Farrow, Mari Freeman, Shanna Germain, Nicole Gestalt, Tilly Greene, Michelle Houston, Lauren Hynde, Selena Kitt, Vana Lafayette, Rebecca Leah, Rachelle Le Monnier, Dr. Madeuse, Sommer Marsden, Jude Mason, Gwen Masters, Lefty McGee, Gabrielle Miel, Sapphire Phelan, Teresa Noelle Roberts, Lisabet Sarai, Skylar Sinclair, Samantha Sommersby, and Stephanie Vaughan.
Come on and support this book--proceeds goes to the fire victims!
Sapphire Phelan
Go beyond the usual, instead take the unusual that stretches the boundaries and find romance with Sapphire Phelan's aliens, werewolves, vampires, fairies, and other supernatural/otherworldly heroes and heroines.
"Honey, what are you doing?" asked Beth's mother asshe peeked into the bedroom.
The little girl turned from where she had been sittingon the floorIndian-stylefacing the wall. "I'm listening to the shadow man tell me fairy tales."
Her mother shook her head with a fond smile for Beth's vivid imagination. "Well, tell the shadow man that it's your bedtime. He can always tell more stories tomorrow." She left the room.
Beth picked herself up and made her way over to the opened doorway. She paused, glancing back at the dark shadow wavering amongst the Seven Dwarfs and Snow White in the mural on the wall.
"G'night, Shadow Man. See you tomorrow." Beth stood on tip-toes and clicked off the light. The shadow blended with the darkness.
The shadow detached itself from the room's darkness. Tall and black as a starless night, it listened to Beth's childish laughter and her mother's more adult version in the room down the brightly lit hallway.
A masculine sigh filled the air. "Good night, Beth Stuart. Grow up soon for me." The shadow ebbed, again merging with the darkness. The door closed quietly with a soft click.


text:
Seems it's been 18 years since Rose was banished by A. Bartlett Giamatti.
Seems it's been 18 years since Rose was banished by A. Bartlett Giamatti.
Not really a happy anniversary
Most Vottomatic Player
Board Moderators may, at their discretion and judgment, delete and/or edit any messages that violate any of the following guidelines: 1. Explicit references to alleged illegal or unlawful acts. 2. Graphic sexual descriptions. 3. Racial or ethnic slurs. 4. Use of edgy language (including masked profanity). 5. Direct personal attacks, flames, fights, trolling, baiting, name-calling, general nuisance, excessive player criticism or anything along those lines. 6. Posting spam. 7. Each person may have only one user account. It is fine to be critical here - that's what this board is for. But let's not beat a subject or a player to death, please.


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By Kate Lanigan
Geckos Adventures are organizing a movie night to raise money for for a new project happening in Rajasthan, India. All money raised will go towards purchasing three sewing machines for widows in Sawarda Rajasthan. The kind hearted people at Gecko will also put these women through a one month tailoring course.
The screening will feature Road Movie a film which follows one man as he journeys across India. Each ticket purchased will include a drink and pizza on the night.
A silent auction of some beautiful images from India will also take place. Rug up, grab your date or a bunch of friends and be a part of a good cause and wash it down with a beer and pizza.
Sat 21st feb – Sun 16th aug
Heide Museum of Modern Art
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A Wichita Falls woman was robbed at gunpoint by a man she says she knows.
Two employees at a Wichita Falls store say someone held them at gunpoint, and police are now looking for the robber.
Wichita Falls police are searching for a suspect they believe robbed another person at gunpoint Tuesday afternoon.
Wichita Falls police are investigating a reported aggravated robbery at Dollar Saver Saturday night.
Melvin Murphy was found guilty on two counts of aggravated robbery.
Wichita Falls Police say two men robbed a gas station at gunpoint this morning.


text:
Products & ServicesSee also: Categories | Parts by Number | Technical Articles | More Information
Wire, Cable, and Connector Tools - CT5 circlip pliers for cable ties made of stainless steel -- 904787Supplier: HELUKABEL
Description: Assembly tool CT5 for stainless steel cable ties Ergonomic and stable clamping tool by steel for clamping of ball valves and shaped head and steel girders with and without coating, with tape cutter Length 210mm
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- Type: Specialty / Other
Supplier: Carl Stuart Co.
Description: This is the ideal tool for cutting 1/16in and 1/8in stainless steel tubing, leaving smooth, uniform cuts with a minimum of deburring and/or reaming. The easily replaced cutting wheel scores tubing. The result are cuts which allow tube-to-tube and tube-to-frit connections. The pliers type of cutter
- Type: Specialty / Other
Supplier: All-Spec Industries
Description: Each jaw is serrated with beveled edges Cushioned grips for comfort ESD safe for component protection Stainless steel leaf springs welded in place Forged steel for strength and durability
- Type: Needle Nose
- Length: 6 inch
- Weight: 0.1562 lbs
- Soft Handles: Yes
Supplier: TelephoneStuff.com
Description: steel - Specially designed locking "L" handle snaps securely into the "L" channel, locking the fully opened blade or implement in place during use - Available in singles and packs of 3 - Tool kit includes: - Needle-Nose Pliers- - Beveled Wire Cutter - Toothed Pipe Grippers - Files (coarse and fine
Illuminators - HID Golight Stryker Spotlight W/ Wired LED Controller & Wireless Remote - 5000' Spot Beam - 12 Volt -- GL-3049HW-SE50Supplier: Larson Electronics LLC
Description: Stryker Color: Camouflage (white, chrome and black models available) Pan and Tilt: 370 degrees rotation with hard stop. 140 degrees tilt to direct upward beam position Mount: Surface mount. An interlocking stainless steel plate is affixed to the bottom of the light. The plate is secured to the light
Supplier: Lee Spring Company
Description: to attach to the components they connect. They are frequently used to provide return force to components that extend in the actuated position. Applications: Applications for extension springs include automotive interiors and exteriors, garage door assemblies, vise-grip pliers, carburetors, trampolines
- Outer Diameter (OD): 0.2400 inch
- Wire Diameter: 0.0370 inch
- Free Length (Inside Hooks): 2.12 inch
- Design Units: English Units
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Stamped Rings
stainless-steel rings are also available. Standard ring sizes range from 0.040 to 10 in. in diameter, although rings as large as 40 in. in diameter have been made. Rings are also manufactured for metric shaft and bore diameters. Both ring and groove load capacities should be considered when selecting specific
More Information Top
Vise Grip Pliers In Stainless Steel Are Exclusive To Aven, Inc.
The 27-year-old old industrial and scientific supplier, based in Southeast Michigan, also offers dozens of other stainless steel pliers and cutters.
Shopping In Pliers, Wrenches & Clamps - Big Bruin
• Hurricane Stainless Steel Pliers .
The effect of routine steam autoclaving on orthodontic pliers.
Three different types of manufacture (metal finish) were evaluated: (1) a stainless steel plier ; (2) a chrome plated plier; and (3) a cheaper chrome plated plier.
9.8.08 -- Spotlight On Metal Detection / X-Ray Inspection
Stainless Steel Pliers .
1.12.09 -- Spotlight On Mixers And Blenders
Stainless Steel Pliers .
05.04.2009 -- Eliminate Ferrous Contamination In Sterile Equipment
Stainless Steel Pliers .
6 23 08 -- Smart Freeze Dryer Technology Delivers Robust ROI To R&D Labs
Stainless Steel Pliers .
Growth Aspects and Magnesium Carbonate Concentrations of the Reef Building Octocoral Heliopora coerulea (Pallas) after Transplantation
...colonies used for mineral analysis. the upper coral lobe region, which is all skeletal material of the topmost 5cm of the lobe and parallel to parameter D, as defined above. was separated from the rest of the colony using stainless steel pliers .
Sensitivity of biomonitors and local variations of element concentrations in air pollution biomonitoring
The collection of samples was carried out using stainless steel pliers .
An initial assessment of the effect on orthodontic pliers of various sterilization/disinfection regimes.
Chrome plated pliers appeared more resistant to damage and maintained their appearance better than stainless steel pliers .
Tools & Hardware from Allied Electronics
5 pc Precision Stainless Steel Plier Set .
GC Electronics - 12-7070 - Tools - Pliers - Allied Electronics
5 pc Precision Stainless Steel Plier Set .
To ensure the removal of any residual pulpal tissue within the root canals, the roots were split open with stainless steel pliers to expose any soft tissue which was then wiped away with tissue paper.
Federal Register > Tuesday, December 24, 1996 > [61 FR 67708] Rules and Regulations Under the Fur Products Labeling Act
This can best be accomplished by using a long nose stainless steel pliers with a tip diameter of 1/16 inch (1.59 mm).


text:
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3 bed, 2 full bath. The HOA is $35 a month and it includes cutting your grass twice a month, A small lake with a dock tMore info
3 bed, 2 full bath. Completely remodeled; new appliances, new carpet, paint and refinished cabinetry. Large Family RoomMore info
3 bed, 2 full bath. This 4 bedroom, 2 bath home has plenty of room for a growing family. Brick and frame house has a laMore info
2 bed, 1 full bath. Adorable brick home in immaculate condition on large lot. Home boats 2 very large bedrooms and 1 fuMore info
4 bed, 2 full bath. Needs some TLC but has great features and tons of potential.. Close to Ft. Benning, Shopping and PuMore info
3 bed, 3 full bath, 1 half bath. 3. 56 +/- ACRES (FENCED) 3280 SQ FT MAIN HOUSE WITH 1500 SQ FT GUESTHOUSE RENOVATED IN DEC 2005. GUMore info
3 bed, 2 full bath. 1 story home with an extra large lot. Fenced backyard. Kitchen is large and open to the living roomMore info
3 bed, 1 full bath. This 3 BR 1BA home is in excellent condition. Outstanding work with new paint inside and out. The rMore info
2 bed, 1 full bath, 1 half bath. For FHA 203(b) financing purposes, this property is considered to be UI, or uninsurable and will neMore info
.More info


text:
I've been working on getting WPA encryption to work on Haiku. While I haven't been able to invest as much time as I hoped for before, I made a bit of progress that at least justifies a small status update.
The first part of WPA related work has actually happened while I was working on the network stack for Haiku Inc., as it was not possible to inject packets into the network - while you could easily monitor all incoming packets, there was no mechanism to send packets for arbitrary protocols. I've extended the AF_LINK protocol to be able to deliver that mechanism.
Then I started the actual work on porting wpa_supplicant, the standard tool for allowing WPA/WPA2 encryption almost everywhere. Since we're using the net80211 WLAN stack as part of our FreeBSD driver compatibility layer, a lot of code from the existing BSD driver backend could be used. There are actually only two differences between Haiku, and your favorite BSD for this kind of work:
After I had the driver backend ported, the next thing was to implement the level 2 packet support, as the wpa_supplicant needs a way to receive, and send packets outside of the usual protocols. This part is now using the AF_LINK method I described above, although there seems to be a problem left that I need to look into: select() always reports the socket readable. For now, due to the event based implementation of the wpa_supplicant, this is only causing a bit more CPU usage than you would want to have. I am not sure there is anything actually relying on receiving something yet (or if it works, as nothing has been sent or received so far).
Once I had the wpa_supplicant working in theory, more problems surfaced, though, as usual. One is that the FreeBSD driver layer does not receive a few ioctl() calls that need to be forwarded to it in the use case of wpa_supplicant. That one only took a bit of debugging, and I've added a quick hack that forwards the needed calls for now; since I'm not happy with that yet, I haven't committed the changes yet.
A more serious problem was that Colin did an iterative port of the net80211 stack: he added/implemented only the parts that were needed at the time. It seems that WPA needs a bit more parts; so far I've only added the xauth module which allowed me to actually receive node association events from the the stack. After that, it still fails for some reason, but I haven't figured out why.
I will only be able to work a few hours per week in the next weeks, so I hope I'll get something useful done until the deadline is hit. In any case, once I have the wpa_supplicant working, I will commit what I have done so far - since the wpa_supplicant currently needs private Haiku headers, and the changes I'm planning on doing are unlikely to be accepted upstream, I will probably end up adding all of its sources to the Haiku repository. Once I have WPA working, I will continue with extending the existing configuration tools to support WLAN as well. This will also cause further integration of the wpa_supplicant, it will probably end up being an add-on for the net_server.
It's been a month and half since the very beginning of the GSoC coding period, and this is
my first blog post about Services Kit. In fact, it's quite difficult to write interesting things
for both developers and non-developers, I waited to have some materials before writing a report of
my work and ... it's time !
If you manage to build complex applications over the original BeOS Network Kit, you will quickly
face a major problem. Indeed, if it's a good C++ wrapper of the BSD sockets API, it's only a
wrapper, providing useful classes to handle a network link, but no more. Services Kit is here
to provide a more complete set of useful classes which will let developers to get rid of internet
protocols and to only think of the good part of a web service client application.
The idea today is to compare and comment on popular network preferences apps. I'll pick Mac OS X, Windows, Zeta and Linux and comment on what we can learn from each and think about how can we design a successful network preferences application for Haiku. I will not focus on the eye candy or widgets, the focus is on the user experience and features.
Lots of shots of different OSes and some opinions by yours truly.
Copyright 2001 - 2014 Haiku, Inc. Haiku® and the HAIKU logo® are registered trademarks of Haiku, Inc.
Latest News | Haiku Blog-O-Sphere | Development Aggregator


text:
22. Sushi Making with Yo! Sushi Many love eating sushi, few know how to make it and while you won't be a master after one lesson, you will at least know the basics and be able to produce it at home. Where: 0845 640 8000; www.redletterdays.co.uk How much: £59
© independent.co.uk


text:
The Lakers have been nothing short of utterly disappointing this season, and that means everyone around the NBA is going to take their shots at them. After all, the Lakers did go out and acquire Steve Nash and the whiny master of missed free throws Dwight Howard in the offseason to team them with an aging and increasingly bitter Kobe Bryant. The Lakers were supposed to be world beaters. Instead, they've been pants poopers. That's what Houston radio play-by-play guy Craig Ackerman was thinking after the Lakers lost (again) on Tuesday night, this time in Houston. Howard missed a bunch of free throws down the stretch, and the now 8-10 Lakers blew a 10-point lead to the Rockets. Ackerman saw his chance to pile on, and oh did he pile on. Check out the poopy goodness in the video below, via Deadspin.
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Graeme McDowell putts to playoff win
Updated: December 6, 2010, 4:30 PM ETAssociated Press
THOUSAND OAKS, Calif. -- Tiger Woods delivered a vintage moment, dropping an 8-iron from the sky on the final hole Sunday inside 3 feet for what looked to be a sure victory.
Just not this year.
The clutch shots and happy endings belonged to U.S. Open champion Graeme McDowell.
McDowell capped off his greatest season with the biggest comeback ever against Woods. He rallied from a four-shot deficit in the Chevron World Challenge, then upstaged Woods at his own tournament.
McDowell ...
Read full story
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text:
Tomatoes On Basil Chiffonade
|Fresh basil
|2 Cup (32 tbs), packed
|1 Pound, cut into 1-inch wedges
|4 Clove (20 gm), bruised
|Chopped capers
|2 Teaspoon
|Extra-virgin olive oil
|1 Cup (16 tbs)
|Freshly ground pepper
|1⁄2 Teaspoon
|1⁄8 Teaspoon
|White wine vinegar
|2 Teaspoon
|Curly endive
|3 Cup (48 tbs), torn into pieces
1) With a sharp knife, chop 1 cup of the basil.
2) In a medium bowl, add the tomatoes, garlic, capers, olive oil, pepper and chopped basil to combine.
3) Toss all together to coat the tomatoes with oil. Cover with plastic wrap and refrigerate overnight.
4) Reserve the marinade from tomato-basil mixture by pouring off.
5) In a measuring cup, pour in 1/4 cup of the marinade and stir in salt and vinegar.
6) In 4 salad plates, distribute the endive in equal parts.
7) With a sharp knife, make fine shreds of remaining 1cup basil. Sprinkle this evenly over endive.
8) Nicely arrange the tomato wedges on top of the basil.
9) Drizzle 1 tablespoon of the dressing over each plate to serve.
The extra marinade may be reserved and used as a salad dressing or to marinate more tomatoes.


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She said YES and that Bible study with five women grew into an organization which exploded into a movement that now ministers to hundreds of thousands of students every week and has impacted the lives of millions of people in countries around the world including the Republic of China. Told through a big family photo album pasted together and held in place with a fascinating narrative thread, God's faithfulness through His plans, will touch your heart and renew your passion for His Word.
|Format: Hardcover
Number of Pages: 482
Vendor: Authentic
Publication Date: 2010
|Dimensions: 9.25 X 6.25 (inches)
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text:
Communication system for either public or private electric power load management and distribution automation, and the like, wherein subcarrier signals are sent to a plurality of remotely located receivers and transmitters using an existing standard FM broadcast station. The broadcast signal is detected by a receiver which filters out the subcarrier component of the broadcast signal. The radio frequencies of the plurality of remotely located transmitters and receivers are closely spaced and synthesized from the frequency of the broadcast subcarrier and their time of transmission, digital bit streams, and message frames are all synchronized from the subcarrier signal. The FM broadcast station thereby orchestrates all communication activity to and from the plurality of remote locations to optimize traffic flow and maximize a priori information to all components to significantly increase reliability.
1. A radio communication system for selectively addressing and controlling a plurality of remotely located apparatus comprising in combination:
(a) central controller means adapted to generate digital address and control messages for transmission to at least one local FM radio broadcast station,
(b) a local FM radio broadcast station coupled to receive said digital address and control messages from said controller, and including means for generating inaudible modulated subcarrier signals derived from a subcarrier signal of a subcarrier oscillator, the subcarrier signal being modulated by digital address and control signals responsive to said address and control messages and synchronized to said subcarrier oscillator and by occasional special sync signals generated at said local FM radio broadcast station, and for adding its normally broadcasted audio program signal to the modulated subcarrier signal and providing a frequency modulated RF signal in response thereto,
(c) a plurality of remotely addressable digital radio receivers controlling a plurality of external apparatus and tuned to receive and demodulate the frequency modulated signal of said broadcast station and comprising means to detect and lock onto said subcarrier signal, to detect special sync signals, to decode said address & control signals synchronously with said subcarrier signal and special sync signals, and selectively respond thereto to control said apparatus.
2. The communication system of claim 1 wherein said central controller comprises:
(a) central receiver adapted to detect and phase-lock to said subcarrier of signal broadcast station to derive therefrom special sync signals and address & control signals,
(b) digital address and control generator means connected to the output of said central receiver and adapted to receive commands from external apparatus and reformat them into digital address and control messages and "transmit sync" request signals, said "transmit sync" requests being sent at long time intervals, such as hourly,
(c) a modem coupled to the output of said digital address & control generator to transmit said output to said FM radio station.
3. The central controller of claim 2 wherein said digital address & control generator further compares the address & control signals received from said central receiver to the address & control messages which it generates in order to detect errors and generate corrected output signals for subsequent rebroadcasting.
4. The communication system of claim 1 wherein said FM radio broadcast station modification comprises:
(a) a subcarrier oscillator providing an inaudible subcarrier frequency,
(b) a digital encoder means for generating synchronized digitally coded output signals at a first output,
(c) a phase modulator means connected to said subcarrier oscillator and said digital encoder to phase modulate the subcarrier signal with the digitally coded output signals,
(d) summing means for adding the phase modulated signal to the normal audio program signal,
(e) frequency modulation means connected to said summing means for modulating the RF carrier signal prior to transmission as an FM broadcast signal.
5. The broadcast station system of claim 4 wherein said digital encoder receives digital address & control messages from said central controller means through a telephone interface modem.
6. The communication system of claim 1 wherein said FM radio broadcast station modification comprises:
(a) a first frequency divider means connected to output of a subcarrier oscillator to derive therefrom a digital bit stream clock rate,
(b) a second frequency divider means driven by said first frequency divider to generate a message frame rate,
(c) a first input of a sync frame generator means connected to output of said second frequency divider and a second sync frame generator input connected to one output of a digital encoder means to generate therefrom a special sync code output signal upon receipt of a sync enable signal from said encoder,
(d) said digital encoder means being coupled to receive the output of said first frequency divider at a first input and the output of said sync frame generator at a second input, and said digital address & control signals and sync request signals at a third input, said digital encoder being a means to generate synchronized digitally coded output signals at a first output, and sync enable signals at a second output,
(e) a phase modulator means connected to said subcarrier oscillator and said digital encoder to phase modulate the subcarrier with the digitally coded output signals,
(f) summing means for adding the phase modulated signal to the normal audio program signal, and
(g) frequency modulation means connected to said summing means for modulating the RF carrier signal prior to transmission as an FM broadcast signal.
7. The communication system of claim 1 wherein said remotely located radio receiver comprises:
(a) receiving means to detect FM broadcast signals from said broadcast station,
(b) demodulating means connected to output of said receiving means for demodulating said broadcast signals, and
(c) filter and detection means connected to said demodulating means for separating the subcarrier signal from the audio program signal, and for phase demodulating the subcarrier signal, and to derive reference frequencies including a digital clock signal,
(d) a digital address detector and control signal decoder means connected to the output of said filter and detection means to synchronously detect and compare address portion of said carries signal to individual or group address stored therein and to decode the control portion of said signal and output control signals to external apparatus,
whereby said references frequencies may be used to synchronize and control an optional return-link transmitter.
8. The communication system of claim 1 wherein said remotely located radio receiver further comprises arbitrator means connected to the output of said decoder means to provide manual or automatic control.
9. The communication system of claim 1 wherein said radio receivers are connected to the electrical power wiring of buildings to receive therefrom their energizing power and the radio signals from said broadcast station, said building power wiring acting effectively as an antenna, said receivers being adapted to provide control signals on output connecting wires to external apparatus to control their function selectively upon command of said address & control signal.
10. The communication system of claim 1 wherein said receivers are packaged in a form identical to conventional electrical circuit breakers and wherein said receiver derives its power and receives its radio signals through the terminals of said circuit breaker.
11. The control receiver of claim 10 wherein said circuit breaker package includes a conventional circuit breaker adapted to provide power interruption upon receipt of a command from said copackaged receiver.
12. The communication system of claim 1 wherein said radio receiver and external apparatus comprise:
(a) a multiregister watt-hour meter to measure power consumption on a plurality of sets of indicating dials as engaged by a selector mechanism,
(b) said radio receiver mounted behind said plural dial sets to selectively engage any one of said plurality dials as commanded by said address & control signal.
13. The communication system of claim 1 wherein said external apparatus comprises a smart thermostat.
14. The communication system of claim 1 wherein external apparatus comprises an audio-visual alert and display to warn of emergency conditions.
15. The communication system of claim 1 having a plurality of local FM radio broadcast stations, each coupled to receive said digital signals from said controller, and including means for generating inaudible subcarrier signals derived from a subcarrier oscillator and modulated by the digital signals and special sync signals, and adding its normally broadcasted audio program signal to the generated subcarrier signals and providing a frequency modulated RF signal in response thereto.
16. The communication system of claim 15 wherein at least two of said plurality of local FM radio broadcast stations broadcast on the same FM radio broadcast channel.
17. The communication system of claim 16 wherein said at least two of said plurality of local FM radio broadcast stations broadcast in separate geographic areas, which areas are contiguous, whereby said radio receivers will lock on to the stronger FM signal as a result of the FM capture effect.
18. A narrowband bidirectional radio communication system comprising:
(a) a plurality of independent paired radio receiver and transmitter means wherein said receivers are adapted to detect broadcasted subcarrier modulated by address & control signals from an existing standard FM broadcast station in its forward link, and said transmitter means are adapted to accept RF reference and sync signals from its companion receiver and to accept reply message signals from message sources connected at their respective inputs and to transmit said reply message signals synchronously on a corresponding plurality of closely spaced radio carrier frequencies to a central station receiver selectively in response to coded address & control signals transmitted from the local FM radio broadcast station;
(b) central station receiver means being adapted to receive said radio reply signals simultaneously at said plurality of closely spaced return-link radio carrier frequencies, and to simultaneously detect said RF reference and sync signals from said broadcast station and employ them to synchronously demodulate the radio signals from said plurality of remote transmitter means,
(c) central controller means adapted to generate digital address & control signals synchronized to said sync signals broadcasted by said FM radio station, and
(d) at least one local FM radio broadcast station adapted to generate and broadcast special sync signals derived from a inaudible subcarrier oscillator and adapted to receive and broadcast digital address & control signals received from said central control means by adding its normally broadcasted audio program signal to the subcarrier signal and then frequency modulating the broadcast RF signal.
19. The communication system of claim 18 wherein said radio receiver comprises a single conversion synchronous design comprising receiving antenna means to detect said broadcast signal connected to RF amplifier means which drives:
(a) the series combination of a bandpass filter coupled to mixer means driving an intermediate frequency (IF) limiter-amplifier means driving a phase detector means driving an amplifier driving a first low pass filter means coupled to a sync detector which drives a frequency divider chain means, and driving second low pass filter means which drives a voltage controlled oscillator means which provides the RF frequency and drives said frequency divider chain means having plural outputs,
(b) one output of said divider chain means being connected to a second input of said mixer means and a second output of said divider being connected to a second input of said phase detector means in a phase-lock loop arrangement whereby said oscillator is forced to operate at a frequency precisely equal to the frequency of said broadcast station, or a multiple of it,
(c) wherein the output from said first low pass filter comprises the desired data signal and wherein plural outputs from said frequency devider chain comprise the desired bit stream clock and message frame rate signals,
(d) external circuit means connected to receive said output signals from said synchronous superheterodyne receiver so as to process said signals and selectively respond thereto to control said external apparatus.
20. The bidirectional communication system of claim 18 wherein said central station receiver comprises;
(a) a first antenna to detect broadcasted signals and drive a digital control receiver phase-locked to the carrier frequency of said broadcast station to derive therefrom a radio reference frequency, sync signals, bit stream and message frame rates, and address & control signals,
(b) a conventional central radio receiver RF section including a second antenna to detect signals from said remote transmitters and a radio frequency amplifier having a programmable gain control connected to the output of said second antenna, and a first mixer connected to output of said amplifier, and a local oscillator phase-locked to a multiple of the reference radio frequency from said digital control receiver to thereby generate a stable intermediate frequency (IF) output from said mixer in the frequency range required by the FFT processor,
(c) a fast Fourier transform (FFT) processor connected to the IF output of said central radio receiver to compute power spectral density distributions to thereby determine the presence or absence of signals on each of the plurality of frequencies transmitted from the corresponding plurality of remote transmitters, said FFT processor being programmed to operate using time windows, input data sampling rates, and reference radio frequency synchronized from said digital control receiver output signals.
21. The bidirectional communication system of claim 18 wherein said return transmitter means comprises:
(a) a first antenna to detect broadcasted signals and drive a digital control receiver phase-locked to the carrier frequency of said broadcast station to derive therefrom a radio reference frequency, frame sync signals, time slot signals, clocking signals and address and control signals,
(b) a digital frequency control circuit coupled to receive said clocking signals and said radio reference frequency from said digital control receiver and providing a control signal in response thereto,
(c) an oscillator coupled to receive the control signal from said digital frequency control circuit for providing a reference frequency,
(d) a data buffer coupled to receive said time slot signals, frame sync signals and clocking signals, providing a synchronized bit output signal representative of bits within frames synchronized to said clocking and frame sync signals,
(e) an amplifier modulator coupled to receive said reference frequency and synchronized bit signals, said modulator amplifying and modulating said signals,
(f) an amplifier for amplifying said modulated signals from said amplifier modulator, and
(g) a second antenna for transmitting said amplified signals.
22. The narrowband bidirectional radio communication system of claim 18 having a plurality of local FM radio broadcast stations, each adapted to generate and broadcast special sync signals derived from an inaudible subcarrier oscillator and adapted to receive and broadcast digital address and control signals received from said central control means by adding its normally broadcasted audio program signal to the subcarrier signal and then frequency modulating the broadcast RF signal.
23. The communication system of claim 22 wherein at least two of said plurality of local FM radio broadcast stations broadcast on the same FM radio broadcast channel.
24. The communication system of claim 23 wherein said at least two of said plurality of local FM radio broadcast stations broadcast in separate geographic areas, which areas are contiguous, whereby said radio receivers will lock on to the stronger FM signals as a result of the FM capture effect.
This invention is a continuation-in-part of my patent application entitled "Broadcast System for Distribution Automation and Remote Metering", U.S. patent application Ser. No. 087,543; filed Oct. 23, 1979, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,322,842, and my patent application entitled "Public Alert and Advisory Systems", U.S. patent application, Ser. No. 250,779; filed April 3, 1981, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,415,771.
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a system which provides a reliable communication link from an Electric Utility central control point, or the like, to a large number of customers for such purposes as electric power load management, meter rate setting, and remote meter reading. A synchronized technique using radio methods is disclosed having either one-way or optional two-way capability.
Utilities have expressed need for means to rapidly communicate signals en masse to or from their many customers for such purposes as selectively switching off non-vital appliances, (known as "load management"), for remotely setting meter rates, for remote setting of thermostats, for automatic meter reading, and for automating their power distribution system. The first three purposes require a one-way communication link from the power company to the user, while the second two purposes require bi-directional communiation means. The disclosed system provides both these "forward link" and "return link" roles.
The method herein disclosed employs one or more standard FM radio broadcast stations to transmit control signals to the customers and a low power narrow band transmitter at each customer location synchronized by the FM broadcast signal.
This invention relates to the subject matter of my U.S. Pat. No. 4,117,405, entitled, "Narrow Band Communication System," issued on Sept. 26, 1978.
The system disclosed here represents a significant departure from communication technologies which have heretofore been proposed for these applications. In the forward link the system employs one existing powerful FM broadcast station or several stations simultaneously to provide reliable coverage over more than 50,000 square miles at very low cost. In the reverse link the system uses a synchronous radio communication method which, for example, enables more than 500,000 separate power meter readings to be accomplished every hour, all on one single conventional radio channel.
2. Prior Art
The principal techniques competing to accomplish the communication functions required in load management and distribution automation include telephone, power line carrier communication, ripple control, radio, and various combinations of these.
Telephone methods are inherently attractive because a telephone line is frequently available to the controlled point. Unfortunately, the vast majority of U.S. telephone lines are incorporated in what is referred to as the "switched network" and because of this only a very small percentage of the telephones can be used at any one time. En masse communication is not possible without an enormous and expensive modification of the telephone plant. Futhermore, not all controlled points are accessable to existing phone lines and a significant number of new lines would be necessary for complete coverage. Of all competing systems, this is probably the most expensive.
An alternative system called "power line carrier", known for decades, uses the distribution power lines to carry signals and suffers many inherent problems arising from the numerous multiple paths, standing waves, and noise-like signals which can exist between utility and consumer. The greatest advantage of a power line carrier method is that the entire system may be owned and under the control of the power company. In general, the power line distribution system must be compensated and carefully checked a priori to insure reliable communication; this is both time consuming and expensive.
The third system, called ripple control, has been used successfully in many foreign countries as well as in a few applications in the United States. They also operate over power lines but only one-way and are relatively expensive installations because large and powerful signal injection equipment must be installed at each Utility substation. Furthermore, their data rate is necessarily low because these systems operate at very low carrier frequencies and require undesirably narrow signal bandwidth, consequently denying "instantaneous" communications. For example, well known existing systems take 20 seconds or more of communication time to affect a reliable one-way signal transmission.
Radio offers a fourth alternative but formidable problems exist for conventional radio systems which typically occupy a complete radio channel about 10 KHz wide during each transmission. Their companion forward link receivers must cope with relatively high radio noise levels and this, coupled with FCC transmitter power limitations, leaves much to be desired in the way of reliable transmission. Moreover, a private central radio transmitter erected by a power company to send control signals will generally be assigned a high radio frequency (e.g. VHF) and this results in relatively expensive control receivers for each consumer, when compared to the inexpensive receivers used in this invention.
A transmitter subsystem comprising a message source, phase modulator and inaudible subcarrier oscillator generates a signal (for example at 80 KHz) modulated with a digital message stream to provide a subcarrier carrier signal. This modulated subcarrier signal then frequency modulates the regular FM radio program for simultaneous transmission with the regular FM program. A receiver detects the transmission and filters out the subcarrier signal. The subcarrier signal is then synchronously demodulated and both the message and frequency references derived from the subcarrier are utilized.
In most applications the messages which are communicated between the consumer and utility are relatively short, on the order of 30 to 60 bits. The radio carrier frequency of each of the consumer return-link transmitters (and the centrally located utility companies receiver) are synthesized from the radio signal of the FM broadcast station. This provides very precise control of each consumer transmitter frequency. In addition, the same digital clock synchronization circuits associated with the forward link consumer control receiver are shared by the transmitter of the return-link. This greatly simplifies the problem of digital circuit design and guarantees precision timing of message frames and data bits in each of perhaps one million or more customer return link transmitters.
The use of this communication process permits the utility to transmit from a great many consumers on a single radio channel simultaneously. Meter readings (or other data) from up to 128 different consumer locations are multiplexed and transmitted simultaneously on 128 return-link subchannels, all on a single conventional radio channel at, for example, VHF. For example, the intended data rate of 30 bits per second per consumer coupled with 128 simultaneous transmissions of 30 bits each (e.g. a 10 decimal digit report per consumer) results in an overall system capacity to communicate 500,000 independent consumer meter reports per hour. Furthermore, the essentially independent return-link radio subchannels permit "space division" of customers into geographical cells so that several different Utility companies can efficiently share one return-link radio channel in densely populated areas by using different subchannels.
A new and novel feature of the forward-link is the simultaneous employment of two or more commercial broadcast stations which each radiate identical 80 KHz modulated subcarrier control signals on identical FM radio channels, but in separate geographic areas, which areas may be contiguous. This greatly expands the service area and capitalizes on the fact that the same FM radio channel is frequently assigned to several radio stations which may be as close as 75 miles apart. Control receivers tuned to the same frequency can thus be used in any of these areas to simplify logistic problems and reduce cost.
FIG. 1 illustrates the principal components comprising the central controller which may be located at a power company's facilities and is connected to a local broadcast station by phone line or by other means.
FIG. 1a is a timing diagram illustrating an exemplary relationship between data, the bit clock and the frame clock.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the modifications necessary to a broadcast station so that it can receive digital address & control signals from the central controller, and synchronously broadcast the digital control signals on an inaudible subcarrier.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a digital control receiver that detects the broadcast control signals, demodulates and decodes them, and outputs control signals to electrical appliances, distribution automation apparatus and the like.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a phase lock loop (PLL) subcarrier receiver which detects and demodulates address and control signals and generates reference frequency signals synchronized to the subcarrier transmitted by the FM broadcast station.
FIG. 5 illustrates various applications of the remote digital control reciever including control of multi-register watt-hour meters, thermostat relays switches for cycling air conditioners, and the like.
FIG. 6 is an overall simplified block diagram of a bidirectional communication system employing my invention for load management, distribution automation, remote metering and the like.
FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a typical return-link transmitter whose carrier frequency and digital bit stream is synchronized by the FM broadcast signal.
FIG. 8 is a block diagram of central return-link receiver synchronized by the FM broadcast station signals.
FIG. 1 illustrates the circuit arrangement employed at the power company's central controller. A central receiver 24 detects radio signals via antenna 22 and monitors the radio transmissions from the local broadcast station employed in my invention, deriving therefrom timing information for synchronizing its operations. It also detects an "echo" of the data (i.e., address & control signal groups) transmitted by the broadcast station which originated at the central controller. Thus central receiver 24 provides feedback information to varify proper transmission of address & control signals generated by 26. Digital address & control generator 26 employs conventional discrete digital circuits, or it may employ any one of many widely used microprocessors presently on the market.
Generator 26 develops digital addresses corresponding to any one specific remotely located control receiver address code, or it may generate a hierarchy of group addresses, such as the so called "SCRAM" address code which power companies employ when they wish to immediately address all their remotely located control receivers simultaneously. In any event the address portion of the digital address & control signal is generated by 26 in accordance with a prearranged control schedule devised by the power company, or any specific address may be generated at any time desired by using well known "interrupt" techniques. The control portion of the digital address & control signal is the message or command associated with the address portion and this defines specific functions which are to be accomplished by any one specifically addressed remotely located control receiver, or by any combination of such receivers.
The digital bit streams representing address & control signals are time formatted into specific groups called frames. An illustrative signal format, presented in FIG. 1a, shows a message frame comprising 16 data bits and occupying a time duration of one second. For example, 11 bits could comprise the address and 5 bits could be the control instructions. Of course other time formats with much faster data rates would be equally applicable in my invention. Most important however is the fact that specific time intervals occupied by any given frame, or by any given bit within the frame, is uniquely and very specifically defined and orchestrated by the broadcast station using a synchronizing technique which will be described in following paragraphs. Suffice it to say at this point that these specific time intervals are conveyed to the digital address and control generator 26 by the broadcast station through the central receiver 24; that is, the sync signals defining a message frame, and the clock signal defining digital bit stream intevals.
Thus the signals generated by 26 are time formatted to convey the control requests presented by external control apparatus (such as a power company computer) which contains prestored command sequences developed by the power company and sent to generator 26 via a hard wire connection, for example. The output of generator 26 is connected to a telephone modem for transmission to a local broadcast station; these are conventional communication methods. A microwave link or other methods could also be used to communicate address and control messages from the central controller to the broadcast station.
Control generator 26 also periodically transmits "transmit sync" request signals to the broadcast station through modem 28. These transmit sync request signals might be transmitted once per hour, for example or they may be transmitted more frequently during stormy weather or lightening conditions to insure that all remote receivers are properly in synchronism.
FIG. 2 illustrates the circuit arrangement of the transmitter subsystem 10 at the local broadcast station so it may transmit digital signals using the methods of my invention. Subcarrier oscillator 16 provides a stable signal, for example at 80 KHz. The 80 KHz frequency is selected to be inaudible and remain within the FM radio channel. A first frequency divider 40 divides the frequency of oscillator 16 to a low frequency equal to the digital bit stream clock rate, for example 16 bits per second (BPS). A second frequency divider 44, driven by divider 40, further reduces the frequency of oscillator 16 to the desired message frame rate of one frame per second, in my example. Sync frame generator 46 simply responds to the output of divider 44 to generate a unique code or waveform easily distinguishable from data frames and couples this frame sync signal for transmission at a time requested by the central controller. In this way the frame sync code is transmitted to remotely located control receivers. It will be pointed out later in this specification that frame synchronizing signals need not be transmitted continuously; only at rather widely separated intervals, such as once per hour. This is because all of the remote control receivers derive their basic timing information from an oscillator phase locked to the subcarrier of the broadcast station (i.e., at 80 KHz) and consequently there is zero (or negligible) drift between the master clock time reference of the remote receivers and the master clock reference used by the broadcast station and by the central controller at the power company. Thus all components of my system are locked to the subcarrier frequency of the broadcast station.
Telco interface modem 48 is connected to the central controller modem 28 by a telephone line 30 as previously noted to provide address & control signals to digital encoder 18. The digital address and control signal phase modulates the 80 KHz subcarrier through phase modulator 34 to provide a modulated subcarrier signal. The frequency and bandwidth of the subcarrier signal is selected to be inaudible and does not affect the reception of conventional FM radio receivers. This subcarrier signal then frequency modulates the main broadcast RF carrier of transmitter 37 through FM modulator 36. The resulting modulated RF signal is transmitted by antenna 38 to the receivers, such as the receiver shown in FIG. 3.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a control receiver which may be located remotely at a power company's customer premises to effect control of electric appliances and other devices in the desired manner. It may also be located on the power company's distribution system to effect control of sectionalizing switches, capacitor bank switching, and like functions. Of course it may also be used in other types of systems, such as to control traffic lights, or for remotely controlling roadside signs, and numerous other applications such as described in my patent application Ser. No. 087,543, hereinbefore referred to.
The digital control receiver of FIG. 3 comprises a receiving antenna 50 that receives signals transmitted by broadcast station 4 and couples them to FM receiver-demodulator 52 for frequency demodulation in the conventional manner.
The demodulated signal is then fed through bandpass filter 32 which separates the communication transmission signals (normal audio program material, whether monaural or stereo or other subcarriers) from my phase modulated subcarrier signal. FM receivers receiving the broadcast signals will generally substantially attentuate the phase modulated subcarrier because of its relatively high frequency, and any remaining components will not effect the enjoyment of the normal audio program as the frequency of the subcarrier will be selected to be out of its bandpass, even in FM stereo detectors. The carrier signals can only be received by dedicated receivers which detect and process the subcarrier signals in the manner I herein describe. The subcarrier signal is fed through subcarrier receiver 33 to provide reference frequencies and a base band data signal which is synchronously decoded by digital address & control signal decoder 68. The reference frequencies include a digital clock signal and are used to synchronize and control the return link transmitter.
The control signals are fed through an arbitrator 69, to determine whether the load management control will be manual, i.e. instigated by a local control operator, or automatic, i.e., directed from the radio signal. When a manual control and an automatic control are received simultaneously, the automatic mode will always supercede. When automatic mode is operative, the address portion of the coded signal is compared to a prestored address to determine if it is either a unique or a group address for which it must respond. If the signals carry its preset address, then the command portion of the signal is decoded and send out to control any, or all, of a variety of external devices such as electric appliances, watt-hour meters, and the like, depending on the specific control code received. If the control is manual, the operator determines which external device(s) to control, utilizing either a low frequency controller operative over the power lines or direct control of the device. In addition further remote or local control may be conditioned upon or maintained by reading the coded information from an external apparatus such as digital power meter to determine which, if any, of the external devices should be altered for load management. There are many variations of the overall system I have just described that will become obvious to engineers skilled in the art. Nevertheless this arrangement provides a practical working system within the spirit of my invention, though I am aware it may be practiced by other arrangements based on the art taught herein.
FIG. 4 illustrates a synchronous subcarrier receiver. Subcarrier signal fc is filtered and amplified by amplifier 32 and sent to mixer 96, which mixer also receives a local oscillator frequency fl from frequency divider 64. The beat frequency comprising intermediate frequency fl -fc is sent to intermediate frequency amplifier 98 which has its output connected to phase detector 54. Phase detector 54 also receives a reference signal from frequency divider 64 and outputs a signal proportional to the difference in phase between the two input signals to thereby effect a phase-lock loop operation essentially the same as circuits commonly employed in state-of-the-art receivers. The important point is that a voltage tuned crystal oscillator (VCXO) 62 is, in effect, phase-locked to a fixed multiple of the broadcast station subcarrier frequency. Since both mixer 96 and phase detector 54 receive their reference signals from frequency divider 64 the entire process is fully synchronized. Divider 64 outputs data, a bit stream clock, RF reference frequency and message frame rate information needed to synchronize the companion return-link transmitter, or other apparatus at the receiver site.
To synchronize the receiver circuits in FIG. 4, bit stream clock rates and message frame rates are basically established at the broadcast station by frequency divider means driven by the broadcast station's subcarrier oscillator 16. The VCXO 62 in each remotely located receiver is precisely at the same frequency as the broadcast station carrier frequency, or a multiple of it. The same frequency divider method is used at each remote receiver to regenerate the digital bit stream clock and message frame rate used at the broadcast station. Therefore, these rates are identical to those at the broadcast station. However, the phase of these frames and digital bit stream clocks may not be initially the same as that of the broadcast station. Consequently, the receiver may be out of digital "sync", though in sync at radio frequencies. Sync detector 66 receives the output of low pass filter 58 and detects the special coded synchronizing signals transmitted by the broadcast station and resets frequency synthesizer 64, to synchronize it with the bit stream clock and frame clock of the broadcast station.
FIG. 5 illustrates several applications using the digital control receiver 72, which receiver comprises the circuit arrangement shown in FIG. 4, or variations of it. One unique improvement illustrated in FIG. 5 is antenna 70 which comprises the electric power wiring existing in a residence. "Antenna" 70 is particularly important in electric power load management applications because other conventional antennas have the disadvantage of tampering susceptibility. There is a possibility a customer wishing to avoid receipt of control signals may try to cover the antenna with metal foil or metal grids. In applications where control receivers are used to switch a multi-register watt-hour meter from one rate to another at different times of day, some customers may try to cover the antenna when the meter is on a low cost rate, and thus avoid paying the higher cost rates mandated by public utility commissions. For example load management systems using radio devices at VHF can suffer this problem. It is not possible to cover antenna 70 of this invention. In one embodiment of the receiver, both the AC power for the receiver and the RF signals are taken from the household power line simultaneously thereby simplifying the installation. Of course a small conventional antenna may be useable in some applications. Both a conventional antenna and the house wiring antenna may be used simultaneously in some installations.
The various applications illustrated in FIG. 5 are evident from the drawing. The controlled circuit breaker 74 comprises a combination of an existing circuit breaker modified to provide for power interruption upon receipt of a signal from the digital contol receiver 72. Control receiver 72 can be made quite small consequently it can be mounted within the envelope of a conventional two pole circuit breaker. The combination is referred to here as a radio controlled circuit breaker. It has the advantage that it can be easily plugged into existing electric circuit breaker panels.
The so-called "smart thermostat" (a trade name of the Honeywell Corporation) is a device which is programmed to provide a selected temperature-time profile in buildings to minimize energy consumption. In many applications it is desirable to have this programmed temperature profile initiated only when heavy power consumption situations exist. By using the combined digital control receiver 72 and a smart thermostat 76 the temperature profile can be initiated by a command from the central controller 2.
Another application involves control receiver 72 driving a small relay switch 78, the combination being put inside an air conditioner 88 so that it interrupts the thermostat circuit to cycle the air conditioner on and off upon receipt of commands from power company central controller 2. The advantage is that relay 78 is relatively small with a capacity of about 1 ampere and it makes use of the expensive higher powered switching device already in the air conditioner which may have a capacity of 40 amperes or more, thus reducing cost and simplifying the installation.
Both federal and state legislation currently in effect require power companies to consider tariff schedules on the basis of time-of-use rates consistent with the cost of generating electrical energy, which costs vary at different times of day, and also seasonally. Electric power meters with two or more accumulating dials are being proposed for this purpose. However it is difficult to control their schedule on a day to day and season to season basis. Digital control receiver 72, in combination with multi-register watt-hour meter 80 provides a solution.
The audio visual display 82, used in combination with digital control receiver 72 provides a means to alert the general population during emergencies.
The ability to remotely connect or disconnect various electric services to customers is a valuable function power companies desire. Digital control receiver 72 in combination with, for example, a latching power relay 84 can provide this service upon request of a customer who may be moving out of or into his residence, for example.
Referring to FIG. 6, remote control receiver 72 comprises the receiver described in connection with FIG. 3, or variations of it. A plurality of such receivers 72 could be located throughout the service area of a power company, for example. Associated with each control receiver 72 is a remote reverse link radio transmitter 100 which is intended to receive meter readings from power meter 104, or other customer data, and relay this information through antenna 102 to antenna 106 to a central station receiver 108. Receiver 108 might be located at a power company's central receiving station.
A new and novel feature of the forward-link is the simultaneous employment of two or more commercial broadcast stations which each radiate identical 80 KHz modulated subcarrier control signals on identical FM radio channels, but in separate geographic areas, which areas may be contiguous. This greatly expands the service area and capitalizes on the fact that the same FM radio channel is frequently assigned to several radio stations which may be as close as 75 miles apart. Control receivers tuned to the same frequency can thus be used in any of these areas to simplify logistic problems and reduce cost. They will not interfere with each other because the "FM capture effect" guarantees only the stronger FM signal will operate the receiver.
Other important improvements in the arrangement of FIG. 6 are disclosed in the parent application entitled "Broadcast System for Distribution Automation and Remote Metering", U.S. patent application Ser. No. 087,543.
FIG. 7 illustrates one arrangement for a return link transmitter which could operate at VHF, for example. Antenna 50 receives the FM broadcast signal and connects it to digital control receiver 72, which receiver has already been described in connection with FIGS. 3 and 4. The central control device (previously described in connection with FIG. 1) controls the time of transmission of all return link transmitters by initiating a polling sequence, which sequence is detected by digital control receiver 72 which thereupon issues a "time slot" in which return transmissions are to take place. Data buffer 71 is provided input digital data from companion devices, such as a power meter, which data is placed in a data buffer and subsequently transmitted during its prescribed time slot in the form of a digital sequence consisting of bits within frames synchronized from the clock and frame sync information provided by receiver 72. Digital frequency control circuit 73 also receives the clock and RF reference from receiver 72 and precisely controls the frequency of master oscillator 75 through digital frequency control circuit 73. A typical circuit 73 is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,117,405. The reference frequency from oscillator 75 is amplified and modulated in 77 and further amplified in 81 and radiated as a return link signal from antenna 102. Oscillator 75 (for example, a voltage tuned crystal oscillator "VCXO"), operating, for example, at 51.43 MHz and amplifier 77, could be tuned to triple this frequency to the commonly employed load management frequency of 154 MHz. Oscillator 73 is precisely controlled to operate in "subchannel" frequencies, which subchannel frequencies could be selected as closely as 100 Hz apart so that many return link transmitters could be polled to transmit simultaneously on adjacent subchannels and thereby achieve a tightly packed frequency multiplexed operation.
FIG. 8 is a simplified block diagram illustrating a significant improvement over the prior art through the use of a fast Fourier transform (FFT) processor central station receiver 108. The improvement lies in synchronization of the FFT time window, sampling rate, and reference radio frequency to the frequency and time synchronizing information available out of the broadcast station. The improvement is significant in that it simplifies the design of the FFT processor and its precision, and have been discussed in detail in the parent patent application, which also describes the function of the other components illustrated in FIG. 8.
Obviously many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims the invention may be practiced otherwise than is specifically described.
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