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Great NEW Line
By Long time shopper!
from BURLINGTON
Beautiful leather and design. Received mine as a Christmas gift. My husband has excellent taste. I am a big fan of the blue colour and this is a perfect match to a blue leather jacket I purchased from Guillaume a few years back. Definitely will not be my last purchase from this exciting new line.
Bottom Line Yes, I would recommend this to a friend
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( 11 of 11 customers found this review helpful)
Great addition to the Shopping Channel!
By Jane
from Kamloops
Butter soft leather, beautiful designs, great colours, thoughtful styling. I bought two of Aimee's bags, only intending to keep one but keeping both; there is no such thing as too many bags, right? I will be watching for new shows and new designs; fantastic addition to the Shopping Channel lineup!


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Sooooo… Last night just happened. It was the wildest night of fantasy hoops that I could ever remember. Sure my memory isn't exactly like Ken Jennings, but yea… Definitely going to break the "what the hey?!" record! The Fantasy Basketball world just stood still. It was just like the remake of The Day The Earth Stood Still. Is that Keanu Reeves? What is Jaden Smith doing here? Wait, is this an actual plot? There's just too much crazy to care about these special effects! There were like, a million three pointers last night. Tony Wroten had a triple double. Ok, who had Wroten in the triple-double pool? I think if you had bet on that in Vegas you coulda turned a dollar into owning the state of Nevada. 18/10/11 while shooting 7-18. A lot of Philly stats got boosted by the Rockets pace, and if you hadn't heard yet, Michael Carter-Williams was a very late scratch with a sore foot. What are they feeding these guards in Philly? I think it's obvious that to be a good NBA PG you must diet solely on cheesesteaks. But enough meandering, let's go straight into the nitty gritty, the CGI effects if you will, for the reason why you're here:Please, blog, may I have some more?
Kevin Martin
Well… Larry Sanders hasn't had the best few weeks… The Colonel held his injuries from the field surgeon just long enough to keep hope alive in his troops, but had to undergo the knife to repair his thumb and will be out 6 weeks. Was it from a punch, the champagne bottle, or just getting too close in the delivery room? No one will ever know. Talk about easily the biggest fantasy bust this season thus far. With no IR spot, drop this dude. Zaza Pachulia is now a big pickup for anyone needing big man stats. Za/Za is such a good Scrabble play! Definitely a go-to for 60+ point moves on the triples. If you have the cajones to challenge me in Words With Friends, hit me up (user ID: Jbronze). But if I smell any Word Gen, I'ma publicly smite you! Oh yeah, hoops, John Henson gets a big boost as well looking at consistent run. But beware Henson's terrible FT shooting and prepare thusly. Speaking of thusly, herebe the NBA beings-all I saw last fortnight (wait, doesn't that mean like 20 days ago? Eh you know what I meant):Please, blog, may I have some more?
Things were looking oh so good for the Colonel's original recipe heading into the season. I bought the whole bucket, the two sides and a giant big gulp of tea. But Larry Sanders could very well be one of fantasy's biggest disappointments in 2013-14, for reasons on and off the court.
Sanders signed a 4-year deal in the offseason worth a cool $44 million bucks (worth, about, a million buckets of chicken!), and the Bucks regime had big plans for their center. GM John Hammond, while trying to keep his Jurassic Park island under control, said Sanders was the key to the team. Hammond, you lost your keys! Bucks are locked out… Then the season started with Sanders nearly fouling out in 12 minutes, and in three games hasn't played more than 22 minutes, hit 2 FGs, or grabbed more than 4 boards. I was on the buy low bandwagon faster than a short sell in Trading Places. But after complaining about playing time, Sanders reportedly got into a bar fight Saturday night and effed up his thumb. Stop giving him roids, Braun, we don't need more roid rage in Milwaukee! I wonder if he was getting hazed by Ersan Ilyasova like Richie Incognito. "You must play better, now!" yells Ersan in a thick Turkish accident. Hey, Ilyasova was a scratch last night too, Gus Ayonin'! Anyway, Sanders is accused of breaking champagne bottles over peoples' heads, and to top if off he then missed Monday's game because his wife went into labor. Sorry Larry Sanders Jr… I'm just sorry… Hopefully this version of The Larry Sanders Show ends anti-climatically with Sanders getting back on the court and giving fantasy owners something. If you've got him, you have to be holding and hoping Sanders can settle down and have this blow over, before he's looking back at his life and he's Robert Swift. Here's what else went down last night in fantasy hoops:Please, blog, may I have some more?
So Russell Westbrook played yesterday… Ummm… What?
After hurting his knee in last year's playoffs, then requiring a second surgery on October 1st, Westbrook was one of the biggest fantasy news stories early in preseason with an uncertain timetable. Well that table has expired much earlier than anyone expected, and Westbrook was out there without a minutes restriction last night. It's like the first surgery was done in Hostel, then the next one at the X-Mansion. Seriously, reports ranged from from early to mid-December as a target return date, but a little Adamantium in your bones goes a long way! The good news is he's back, but the bad (and frankly, not shocking) news is he was mighty rusty. In nearly 33 minutes, Westbrook shot only 5-16 (0-2 3PTM 11-14 FT) for 21 points, with 4 Reb and 7 Ast and 4 TOs. Besides shooting like Michael Chiklis, you'll take that line any day. Very encouraging to see Westbrook get to the line that frequently, and the minutes were indeed non-limited. He looked pretty Westbrook-ish in highlights as well. Even if Westbrook isn't quite the player he was the past few seasons, all owners are looking at a steal for where they got him post-second surgery. Here's what else I saw over the weekend in fantasy hoops action:Please, blog, may I have some more?
Man, what a huge night it was across the NBA with nearly every team in action. It obviously all starts with the shocker Philly put on the Heat, and Michael Carter-Williams' unreal debut. I was following with my co-workers during the game and tweeted that if he got a triple-double in his first NBA game, the universe would implode. Thankfully MCW was a steal short and we're all still here. His final line of 6-10 (4-6 3PTM 6-8 FT) 22 Pts 7 Rebs 12 Asts and 9 Stls might actually win some owners their matchups this week on its own. Just preposterous. Most steals in NBA history in a player's debut. Ok before we all go nutso, remember the Heat played without Dwayne Wade (rest), don't have a PG, and had all their hands weighed down with new championship rings. So that's not really an excuse, but so what?! The shooting efficiency was fantastic (the biggest knock on him coming into the year), plus he had only one turnover (his second main knock). "Nice knockers!" Thanks Young Frankenstein! MCW indeed moves up a fair bit in value in my eyes, but this is likely his best line on the year. MCW was wildly inconsistent in college and I don't expect much consistency on a terrible 76ers team (I know they just beat the Heat, but c'mon). Look for John Wall to lock him up on Friday and cool the hype. Despite inconsistencies, it goes without saying that MCW should be owned in all leagues now (78% Yahoo, 59.4% ESPN), so if for some reason he's available in your league, you gotta get him. I'm not expecting MCW to be an elite player, but will continue to contribute even in down games. Here's what else I saw across Fantasy Basketball last night:Please, blog, may I have some more?
The period of free agency continues to shape the fantasy basketball-scape with fresh meat on terrible teams and players signing with contenders to be relegated to bench duty. With baseball in full swing and the NFL getting half of the ESPN air time no matter what time of year it is, a lot of NBA moves have been made under the radar. Look for every division to get a team-by-team breakdown and some early fantasy thoughts on the new faces in new places:Please, blog, may I have some more?
In my brief period bringing you the fantasy basketball goods, I feel like I have been steadfast with my picks and decisions as the doings and goings of the NBA facilitate. Somebody yesterday made an outrageous claim that I wasn't on Tobias Harris early on with a hokum situation. Never head back from ya, bro!
But as I responded, I was way wrong on Thomas Robinson and have admitted that numerous times. Who deals their two biggest-minute PFs at the same time bringing in a PF only not to play him? C'mon Rockets! I still think Robinson is a great raw talent and depending on how things shake out in the offseason might be a sleeper for me in 2013-2014.
And that brings me to that other Robinson who I have been down on all year. Last night, Nate Robinson played 33 minutes off the bench and shot 10-18 (5-11 3PTM 10-10 FT) 35 Pts 3 Rebs 2 Asts and 1 Blk. Despite the huge burst of points, that's all Robinson's big contribution is: points. Not that that's a bad thing, but it's the easiest category to fill. Then you move to the 3's and ThrAGNOFF! I was wrong OK, dude can play well enough to be fantasy usable! He's owned in most leagues, so if he burned you at all in the finals, feel free to troll comment. I was watching this game and the Bulls were running isos for him down the stretch. Shows how much they need his offense.
Here's what else happened last night in the 2 NBA games:Please, blog, may I have some more?
I had the unfortunate pleasure (displeasure?) of watching the Knicks get pa-rumped by the Warriors last night 92 to 63. It was disturbing, almost laughably so. Kinda like The Wicker Man. Not the bees! If only the Warriors were women in bear suits. Sheesh get Stevie Nicks out there. With her current body type, she could probably box out Kurt Thomas. Fun fact: they're both 64 years old as well. Carmelo Anthony returned from three games off with a sore knee to go 14 and 10 but 4-15. Maybe the knee needs more ice. J.R. Smith got ejected for a flagrant and went 3-11 for 9 points in his 21 minutes, so it's not like his departure was a main factor of suckage. Kenyon Martin had a rough layup rip-check, Tyson Chandler couldn't fend off David Lee for second chance points, and the Knicks shot 24.7% and 5-27 from 3 as a team. The Clippers are lob city, the Knicks last night were brick city. The Knicks will look to rebound Wednesday night against Carmelo's former Nuggets, so I could see a nice bounce back from your NY fantasy options. But lawdy. Was a pretty nauseating performance from one of the NBA's "better" teams.
Here's what else happened last night in the fantasy basketball-o-sphere:Please, blog, may I have some more?
K-Mart, the retail store I'm talking here, has always been a joke. The one next to campus where I went to college always got robbed and there was always someone with a gun. I know there's a popular site People of Walmart, which would be pretty interesting for K-Mart too if there ever actually was people in K-Marts. Maybe shoppers there treat the store like Dawn of the Dead. They're just ducking and covering, and steal supplies stealthily which is why the shelves are always empty. Well I guess they have been in the news recently because of their great Black Friday deals. Hey, if DeMarcus Cousins can't shoot better than 1-10 or 2-10 like he has in the last two ganes, he might be in one of the lines. "We're moving to Seattle, but we're not taking you!" Good thing the NBA version's of K-Mart showed he isn't completely chapter 11, going a respectable 16 Pts (4-6 FG 3-5 3PTM) 4 Rebs 4 Asts and 2 Stls. Hey I just said Kevin Martin wasn't bankrupt… Not that he is suddenly on fire! Damn K-Mart (the smoldering store). Most rebounds since Jan. 9th, first 30+ min game in 7 games, and luckily he's still in the OKC mix. Only two games last night, but let's check out what went down:Please, blog, may I have some more?
I'm starting to get really frustrated with those AT&T kid commercials where this douche asks four or five kids random crap, like "what's better less or more?" or "would you rather be faster or slower?" In one of em he cuts the kid off who just wants to prove she can be funny like the convulsing three-year old too! He's probably too buys doing blow with AT&T execs to have empathy. However, the way those kids act isn't too dissimilar to how I would see NBA stars act in team meetings. Like imagine the same guy sitting with Kevin Durant and Russell Westbrook ans asking, "what's better, scoring more or less points?" "MOOORRREEEE!!!" in unison. Then Westbrook is like, "if you score more points you have more chance of being on Sportscenter and people will like you more and clown you less for singing along to Ke$ha in pre-game." Clowned anyway! Good thing Westbrook is having an incredible season, including beating up the Lakers last night to the beat of his drum (if there's a more apropos lyric from Ke$ha hell if I would know it) with a line of 15-29 FG 37 Pts 10 Rebs 5 Asts and 2 Stls. On top of that, only two turnovers. Even Kobe Bryant was givin' props. If there was a Facebook throw down of NBA players claiming to be elite, this would be a good time for Westbrook to chime in. Let's check out what else went down in a fairly light night of NBA action:Please, blog, may I have some more?

subset: commoncrawl


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Rock of Ages by Def Leppard - Digital Sheet Music
At a Glance
Rock of Ages digital sheet music. Contains printable sheet music plus an interactive, downloadable digital sheet music file.
* This arrangement contains complete lyrics
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News Archive
November 27, 2006
After period of uncertainty, scholars in Boston and Havana celebrate release of their co-authored book.
November 27, 2006
An e-mail survey sent out by Brown stirs up distress among Wesleyan students who are not happy about spam.
November 27, 2006
After a season that included a nationally televised brawl by some of his players and the murder of a player, the football coach at the University of Miami was fired Friday. Donna E.
November 27, 2006
Study on community college students' engagement suggests difficulties for the growing part-time population.
November 22, 2006
Amid revelations about officer's past incidents, UCLA plans independent review of incident of alleged abuse of student in library.
November 22, 2006
Association postpones planned meeting on college sports research, citing inadequate quality of the papers, not their critical nature.
November 22, 2006
Anthropologists, furious that research may have inspired some Abu Ghraib tactics, vow not to assist in torture.
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You can now invite anyone to meet at your favorite Starbucks.
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26 year old man | Austin, TX, USA | Seeking women 18-25
My name is Wael. I am a scholarship student...
My name is Wael. I am a scholarship student from Saudi. truly honor moral people and have been looking for a faithful person. I will tell you a bit about my self. I am an outgoing free will person who loves to take adventures outside. I really know what I want out of life and am doing well for my age. I am really a sincere and honest person. I am caring, kind, shy but very friendly and very easy to get along with. What am looking for is a moral and sincere person to have a nice and healthy conversation with, go for dinner, lunch, coffe..etc get to know each other. Someone i can truly express my self to her when i am sad, happy or upset. I am also looking for something that has the potential to develop into a long term relationship and that is based on trust and loyalty. I believe that there is no such relationship between a man and a women or a boy and a girl unless that relationship itself is built on positive, moral and sincere intentions. I am not gonna be afraid to say that i am a lonely person, no friends but one only and always wished that my soul mate could be my EVERYTHING in my life. I have been longing to find a princes whom i can be her slave not even her king, whom i can be her servant not even her commander.
Coffee and conversation , Dining out , Movies/Videos , Museums and art , Music and concerts , Exploring new areas , Performing arts , Playing cards , Playing sports , Religion/Spiritual , Travel/Sightseeing , Video games , Volunteering , Watching sports
Don't display my sign
I have Cats
Middle of the Road
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|5'5" (165cms)
|3'0" (91cms) to 8'11" (271cms)
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|Muslim / Islam
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|Arabic, English
|Graduate degree
|Graduate degree


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- More from News & Features
Powerhouse Mini Torpedo From La Flor Dominicana
David Savona
Posted: September 25, 2012
La Flor Dominicana's Litto Gomez is building a reputation as a crafter of ultra-strong smokes. One of his latest creations, the La Flor Dominicana Torpedito Ligero Oscuro Natural, made its public debut at the International Premium Cigar & Pipe Retailers trade show in August and has now gone on sale in cigar shops around the United States.
The cigars are short, measuring 4 3/4 inches by 50 ring gauge, with torpedo tips. But don't let their diminutive size fool you—the little La Flors are very, very powerful. "We put a little extra ligero in there," said Gomez, speaking about the strongest classification of filler tobacco. "We probably should have called it Double Ligero."
A test smoke of the cigars verified their potency. They are covered in dark, Ecuadoran wrappers and are filled and bound with Gomez's homegrown Dominican tobaccos. They come packed in boxes of 40 and retail for $7.00 each.
The Torpeditos are one of dozens of exciting new cigars described in today's Cigar Insider.
To subscribe to Cigar Insider, click here.
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FRANK R. PAUL (American, 1884-1963). The 35th Millennium, Wonder Stories pulp cover, August 1931. Mixed media on board. ... (Total: 2 Items)
2011 May New York Signature Illustration Art Auction #5059
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The Fletcher-Sinclair Mansion
2 East 79th Street
New York, NY 10075
|Printable auction results for all items in the 2011 May New York Signature Illustration Art Auction.
The 35th Millennium, Wonder Stories pulp cover, August 1931
Mixed media on board
22.25 x 16.25 in.
Signed lower left
This classic early depiction of a hurtling meteor dating from the golden age of science fiction preceded decades of such imagery, including the centerpiece of the recent movie Armageddon.
An original copy of the pulp accompanies this lot.
Condition Report*:Scattered points of paint loss in blue painted area; scattered light scatches along the upper edge, most notable along the upper left edge; otherwise in good condition. Framed under glass to an overall size of 30 x 23.5 inches.
*Heritage Auctions strives to provide as much information as possible but encourages in-person inspection by bidders. Statements regarding the condition of objects are only for general guidance and should not be relied upon as complete statements of fact, and do not constitute a representation, warranty or assumption of liability by Heritage. Please note that we do not de-frame lots estimated at $1,000 or less and may not be able to provide additional details for lots valued under $500. All lots are sold "AS IS" under the Terms & Conditions of Auction.
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text: Workout Wednesday: Relieving Stress With Massage 08/06/2014 08:29 AM 08/06/2014 08:56 AM Workout Wednesday: Relieving Stress With Massage 08/06/2014 08:56 AM Mica Mitchell O'dell gives an inside look from Fayetteville Athletic Club's retreat spa. "Hi I am Mica Mitchell O'Dell and welcome to Workout Wednesday. I am the group fitness director and also the spa director at FAC so I have the the privilege of working with people like Dennis Champagne a master massage therapist on a daily basis. So Dennis is here with me today to help show you a few tricks to maybe work on your spouse or your friends or your co workers anytime someone is just complaining you know of a little bit of tightness and they can't get in to see a professional masseuse . In this area here right near the shoulder blade area is a common area for stress. Many times even from just working on a computer you can have that problem and if you can feel right there you can feel knots right through there. I am right on the side of the shoulder blade and this is area with where the rhomboids and mid traps are always seem to be acting up so the biggest thing to remember is not to be pushing on the bones but right on the muscle itself. And you can do the same thing on the other sides or you can do both sides at the same time and one of the other areas that you can work is right here where the levator scapulae is and the upper mid traps. Again that is another area that holds a lot of stress and just by pushing in on their shoulders on top. It helps it relieve some of that stress. Not everybody has a a chair like this at home and what you can do is have them sit over a desk and just kind of lean onto it and you will still have access to the shoulders and shoulder blades." Copyright 2014 Nexstar Broadcasting, Inc. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed. Page: [[$index + 1]] knwa knwa news workout wednesday


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Quick Mole Marinara Sauce
16 Jul 2010
|Olive oil
|2 Teaspoon
|Minced red onion
|1 Cup (16 tbs)
|Seeded minced anaheim chile
|3 Tablespoon
|Chili powder
|1 Teaspoon
|Dried oregano
|1 Teaspoon
|Ground cumin
|1 Teaspoon
|Marinara sauce
|25 Ounce (Such As Prodotti Villa, 1 Jar)
|Unsweetened cocoa
|2 Tablespoon
|Minced fresh cilantro/1 teaspoon dried cilantro
|1 Tablespoon
Heat oil in a large saucepan over medium-high heat until hot.
Add onion and next 4 ingredients; saute 2 minutes.
Add marinara sauce; cook over low heat 30 minutes, stirring occasionally.
Remove from heat; stir in cocoa and cilantro.
Recipe Summary
Difficulty Level:Easy
Course:Side Dish
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Quick Mole Marinara Sauce Recipe


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Excitable Andy Revkin And NY Times: You Tea Partiers See UN Black Helicopters In Green Projects
It's like all you Tea Partying climate realists are conspiracy nuts or something (via Tom Nelson)
Said story: Activists Fight Green Projects, Seeing U.N. Plot
Across the country, activists with ties to the Tea Party are railing against all sorts of local and state efforts to control sprawl and conserve energy. They brand government action for things like expanding public transportation routes and preserving open space as part of a United Nations-led conspiracy to deny property rights and herd citizens toward cities.
They are showing up at planning meetings to denounce bike lanes on public streets and smart meters on home appliances – efforts they equate to a big-government blueprint against individual rights. (snip)
The protests date to 1992 when the United Nations passed a sweeping, but nonbinding, 100-plus-page resolution called Agenda 21 that was designed to encourage nations to use fewer resources and conserve open land by steering development to already dense areas. They have gained momentum in the past two years because of the emergence of the Tea Party movement, harnessing its suspicion about government power and belief that man-made global warming is a hoax.
Some may in fact see it as a UN plot, but, then, the UN has been pushing junk science and all sorts of initiatives, most recently "biodiversity" and "sustainability", as a means to put more control into the hands of government, as well as people's hard earned money. As Tom Nelson points out
Is Revkin really sure that Tea Party activisits don't just see their hard-earned cash being blown on idiotic left-wing bad-weather-preventing projects?
Let me tell you a little tale. Behind my home is a greenway that follows the Neuse River. The stretch in my area, which extends a few miles from the Highway 264 bridge north, is mostly dirt and gravel. Over the last few months they have been paving it. And cutting down trees. Wait, cutting down trees on a greenway? And by "months" they have literally been slapping down a mile or two of pavement perhaps 5 feet wide. I hear their machines every weekday for months. Not quite sure what they are doing, but, I'm pretty sure it's expensive. Now, I have no problem with the greenway. In fact, I think it'll be great to rollerblade on (there are no good places in my area to 'blade). Of course, not many people used it before: most folks either walked the sidewalks or the golf car paths. I'd go for a walk down it beforehand (it's been closed for about 5 months now) and see no one else. A $13 million bond was voted in back in 2007. Perhaps, in this economy, it isn't the time to spend the money on a greenway that will barely be used. Total cost for all the greenways is $30 million. Rather expensive, eh? And wasteful. Should have put convicts out there building it.
Similarely, TEA Party activists are tired of the government wasting enormous amounts of money, usually overspending at high levels, on "green" projects that will rarely be used. Don't get me wrong, sometimes nature projects for the sake of nature are good. But, be responsible with the money. And don't cut trees down on greenways, for goodness sakes.
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text:
Answer to a common question as the MLB rules have allowed a return to two piece catcher's protection head gear:
Q: I have a question for you concerning catchers head protection in baseball. It is our understanding that the older style head protection consisting of the scull cap – (no earflaps) and the wire faceguard is illegal at the HS level. The newer hockey style head protection is legal and approved at the HS level for baseball catchers. Is this correct? Can you send me the ruling on this? We have a number of coaches and players wanting to order the style we feel is illegal.
A: You are correct. Those are illegal and have been for quite some time. They must have full ear protection.
Rule 1 Players, Field and Equipment
ART. 3 . . . The catcher shall wear, in addition to a head protector, a mask with a throat protector, body protector, protective cup (male only), and baseball protective shin guards.
ART. 4 . . . The catcher's helmet and mask combination shall meet the NOCSAE standard. Any helmet or helmet and mask combination shall have full ear protection (dual ear flaps). A throat protector, which is either a part of or attached to the catcher's mask, is mandatory. A throat protector shall adequately cover the throat. The commercially manufactured catcher's head, face and throat protection may be a one-piece or multi-piece design. While in a crouch position, any non-adult warming up a pitcher at any location shall wear a head protector, a mask with a throat protector and a protective cup (male only).
PENALTY: Failure by a player to wear proper equipment after being so ordered by the umpire, shall result in ejection.
Effective immediately (posted 8/14/12) and until further notice, this bat (Reebok Vector TLS 32" length) should be considered a non-compliant bat and subject to NFHS Baseball Rules 4-1-3b and 7-4-1a. More information, click here.
Effective immediately (posted 3/26/12) and until further notice, this bat (Reebok Vector TLS 33" length) should be considered a non-compliant bat and subject to NFHS Baseball Rules 4-1-3b and 7-4-1a. More information, click here. | Bat Pix
Effective immediately (posted 2/21/12) and until further notice, this bat (Marucci CAT5 33" length) should be considered a non-compliant bat and subject to NFHS Baseball Rules 4-1-3b and 7-4-1a. More Information, click here. | Bat Pix
NFHS Approved Bat Listing - To determine if your bat is legal, it must be on this list.
Rules Changes Approved in High School Baseball, Softball
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Contact: Elliot Hopkins, Theresia Wynns
INDIANAPOLIS, IN (July 8, 2014) — Beginning with the 2015 high school baseball season, teams will be allowed to use video monitoring or replay equipment for coaching purposes during games.
This revision to Rule 3-3-1 was one of five changes recommended by the National Federation of State High School Associations (NFHS) Baseball Rules Committee at its June 8-10 meeting in Indianapolis. The committee's recommendations were subsequently approved by the NFHS Board of Directors.
Previously, video equipment was permitted but it could not be used during games for coaching purposes.
"With advancements in technology, it was extremely difficult for officials to determine if teams were using video replay during games," said Elliot Hopkins, NFHS director of sports and educational services and liaison to the Baseball Rules Committee. "The committee determined it was the right time to permit teams to use these technological aids if they so choose."
In softball, two rules changes were recommended by the NFHS Softball Rules Committee at its June 16-18 meeting in Indianapolis and subsequently approved by the NFHS Board of Directors.
Rules 1-6-1 and 1-7-1 were revised to state that the batting helmet and the catcher's helmet shall have a non-glare surface (not mirror-like).
Theresia Wynns, NFHS director of sports and officials education and liaison to the Softball Rules Committee, said the committee instituted these changes because helmets that are mirror-like in nature are distracting and could be dangerous for other players.
In other baseball rules changes, the committee expanded the definition of interference in Rule 2-21 to include follow-through interference and backswing interference.
Rule 2-21-4 will state that "follow-through interference is when the ball hits the catcher after the batter has swung at a pitch and hinders action at home plate or the catcher's attempt to play on a runner," and Rule 2-21-5 will state that "backswing interference is when a batter contacts the catcher or his equipment prior to the time of the pitch."
Hopkins said that follow-through interference and backswing interference are separate and distinct acts that previously were not addressed in Rule 2-21. The rule previously covered offensive, umpire and spectator interference.
The rules committee approved a change in Rule 1-5-1 regarding the batting helmet to be consistent with the rule for helmets used by defensive players. As is the case with head protection worn by field players, the batting helmet now must have a non-glare surface (cannot be mirror-like in nature) and meet the NOCSAE standard at the time of manufacture.
The definition of a foul ball in Rule 2-16-1 was expanded to be consistent with language elsewhere in the rules book. Specifically, Rule 2-16-1f will now state that a foul is a batted ball "that hits the batter in the batter's box." Article "g" will state that a foul is a batted ball "that hits the ground or home plate and then hits the batter or the bat which is held by the batter while he is in the batter's box."
The final change approved by the Baseball Rules Committee involves the following additional language to Courtesy Runner Rule No. 1: "In the event that the offensive team bats around, the pitcher and/or catcher who had a courtesy runner inserted on their behalf may bat in their normal position in the batting order."
Publisher's Note: The National Federation of State High School Associations is the only source of official high school interpretations. They do not set aside nor modify any rule. They are made and published by the NFHS in response to situations presented. Robert B. Gardner, Publisher, NFHS Publications © 2015
SITUATION 1: The lead-off batter comes to the plate wearing a batting helmet that has tape around and through one of the ear holes. When asked about the helmet, the batter says the helmet is in good shape with no cracks and the tape is present to hold the ear pad in place. RULING: The helmet is not legal. The batter must obtain a legal helmet, one that is free of cracks and damage and has no tape. (1-5-1, 4-1-3b)
SITUATION 2: In the second inning, a batter comes to the plate wearing a batting helmet that has a mirror-like glare surface to it. The plate umpire instructs the batter to obtain a legal helmet and asks the coach to remove this helmet from play. In the fifth inning, another batter for the same team comes to bat wearing a batting helmet with a mirror-like surface. The opposing coach inquires if the head coach of the offensive team should be restricted to the bench since this is the second instance of a batter wearing an illegal helmet. RULING: The coach of the offensive team is not restricted for this issue. The batter is instructed to replace his batting helmet with a legal one and to remove this helmet from play. (1-5-1, 4-1-3b Penalty)
SITUATION 3: An open media area was designated and properly lined before the game. The home coach has placed a video recording camera on a tripod in the media area. The opposing coach objects to the camera's placement, stating that the camera must be in the dugout. RULING: This is legal. Video monitoring or replay equipment must be placed in the dugout or another dead-ball area. (3- 3-1, 1-2-8)
SITUATION 4: The home coach has expanded both dugouts legally and has placed a video camera in the expanded area. The opposing coach tells the plate umpire that he thought the equipment must be within the confines of the structure of the dugout. RULING: This is legal. Video monitoring or replay equipment must be placed in the dugout or another dead-ball area. (3-3-1, 1-2-8)
SITUATION 5: The home coach has placed a wireless camera in the stands behind the dugout which transmits its recording to a monitor in the dugout. RULING: This is legal. Video monitoring or replay equipment must be placed in the dugout, stands or another dead-ball area. (3-3-1, 1-2-8)
SITUATION 6: To obtain information on the opposing pitcher, the team is using a radar gun in (a) its own dugout or (b) in the stands, where it is being handled by a parent of the team. RULING: Legal in both (a) and (b). (3-3-1)
SITUATION 7: An assistant coach in the uniform of his team, is sitting in the stands recording the game and using a radar gun on his pitcher. RULING: While it is legal for a camera or radar gun to be placed in the stands, it may not be used by a coach, player, attendant or other bench personnel. The assistant coach must be in the dugout or a dead-ball area inside the confines of the field. (3-3-1i)
SITUATION 8: As the pitcher looks into the catcher for a sign, the batter is moving his bat back and forth across the plate. The batter accidentally contacts the catcher with his bat during this movement. RULING: This is backswing interference. The ball is immediately dead and all players are provided time to regain their positions. (2-21-5, 5-1-1n, 7-3-7 Penalty)
SITUATION 9: With a crucial play at the plate not going his way, the coach of the defensive team checks his replay equipment and sees that the call of safe was not correct. He calls time and approaches the plate umpire with his tablet to show him the call needs to be reversed. RULING: The plate umpire may not use videotape or replay equipment for the purpose of rendering a decision. The plate umpire should professionally inform the coach that he cannot look at the video play and request that he return to the dugout. (10-1-5)
SITUATION 10: After bringing in a substitute pitcher, the defensive head coach is still at the mound after the eighth warm-up pitch. Shall a defensive conference be declared by the plate umpire? RULING: To maintain a solid pace of play for the game, the coach should be on his way back to the dugout at the conclusion of the pitcher's warm-up throws. If the coach lingers, the plate umpire should ask the coach if he wants a defensive conference to now be charged and, if not, the game needs to resume. (3-4, 2015 Points of Emphasis)
SITUATION 11: After a team's player has hit a go-ahead home run, the team gathers around home plate to congratulate him. RULING: Since the ball is dead with the home run, the players may gather outside the dugout to congratulate their teammate. However, they must provide the plate umpire the ability to observe all the players on base touch home to verify that they scored. Preventative umpiring by the plate umpire, urging players to stay away from the plate, may assist in this need. (2015 Points of Emphasis)
SITUATION 12: In the fifth inning, the batter hits a bases-clearing home run for the fifth hit in a row by his team. As his teammates gather to congratulate him, one of them taunts the catcher with a comment on all the hits that have occurred. RULING: While it is acceptable for a team to celebrate and congratulate each other on such an exciting event, good sportsmanship must be maintained. The plate umpire should immediately warn and/or eject depending upon the content of the comment. (3-3-1f-2, 2015 Points of Emphasis)
SITUATION 13: Following the completion of the game, one of the umpires is still within the confines of the field. The losing coach berates him for his performance and directs some inappropriate language toward him. RULING: Since both umpires have not left the confines of the field following the completion of the game, the umpire still has jurisdiction over the game. The umpire may warn or eject the coach, even though the game is over. (10-1-2, 2015 Points of Emphasis)
SITUATION 14: After the umpires have left the field following the conclusion of the game, the visiting coach and some of the parents follow the umpires to their cars to state their opinions on the umpires' performance. RULING: The umpires are to be left alone and allowed to leave the field without being subject to poor sportsmanship. While the umpires no longer have jurisdiction to eject a player or coach, a report should be made to the state association concerning the incident. (10-1-2, 2015 Points of Emphasis)
SITUATION 15: A batter with his foot on the ground completely outside the lines of the batter's box hits the pitch which goes directly to the catcher's hands and is caught by the catcher. RULING: The batter is out and the ball is dead. (7-3-2)
SITUATION 16: The batter legally contacts the pitch with his bat and his lead foot then lands on the ground outside of the batter's box. The batted ball contacts the ground in front of home plate and spins back, contacting the batter's leg that is outside the batter's box. RULING: This is a foul ball. With one foot still in the batter's box, the batter is considered to be in the batter's box at the time he was contacted by the batted ball. (2-16-1g)
SITUATION 17: With first base empty, the batter swings and misses the pitch for strike three. The catcher is unable to catch the pitch, which rolls some distance away from home plate. The batter moves from the batter's box to first base and the plate umpire goes up the first base foul line to observe the batter advancing in the running lane. The catcher's throw hits the umpire in the back and rebounds away, allowing the batter-runner to easily advance to first base. RULING: The ball remains live and in play. This is not umpire interference as he did not hinder the catcher's attempt to throw. Proper use of umpire mechanics would prevent this from happening. (2-21-2)
SITUATION 18: The batted fly ball lands past first base in fair territory and rebounds into foul ground. The base umpire, mistakenly declares "Foul Ball." The plate umpire, having a great view of the ball, immediately overrules the base umpire and declares the hit to be fair. RULING: Since the base umpire declared it to be a foul ball and it did touch the ground, it is a foul ball and immediately dead. The plate umpire cannot overrule the call. (2-16-1e, 5-1-1h)
SITUATION 19: Caught in a rundown between home and third, R2 is returning to third base when the catcher throws the ball to the third baseman who is covering the base. The third baseman does not catch the ball, which is caught by the shortstop who is backing up the play behind third base. Everyone else, including the third baseman, believes the third baseman has the ball when he tags R2 as he slides back into third base. The third baseman shows the umpire an empty glove and is confused as R2 safely slides into third base. The offensive head coach wants the umpire to declare a fake tag and award R2 home. RULING: This is not a fake tag. The third baseman simply did not catch the ball. (2-22-2)
SITUATION 20: The batter hits the ball to the shortstop who bobbles the ball and throws late to first base. The batter-runner beats the throw but does not touch first base. RULING: The runner beats the ball on the play and is considered to be safe. The defense must appeal the missed base or tag the batter-runner before he returns to first in order to have the out declared for
Printable Version - Please print and place in your rules book.
1. The team at bat may use courtesy runners for the pitcher and the catcher at any time. In the event that the offensive team bats around, the pitcher and/or catcher who had a courtesy runner inserted on their behalf may bat in their normal position in the batting order. The same runner may not be used for both positions. Neither the pitcher nor the catcher will be required to leave the game under such circumstances.
2. Players who have participated in the game in any other capacity are ineligible to serve as courtesy runners.
Rule Differences: Baseball & Softball 2015
Two Umpire Mechanics
Three Umpire Mechanics
Four Umpire Mechanics
Pace of Game Play
The NFHS baseball committee identified these areas in need of improvements that detract from what otherwise is an exciting and enjoyable game:
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text:
MALIBU, Calif., Nov. 11 /PRNewswire/ -- At a time when Americans are spending $50 billion dollars annually on the pain in their necks and backs, Dr. Ray Hall is on a mission to alleviate their anguish with plush luxury and sound medical advice all rolled into an eco-friendly bedding accessory, Pillo1. The first eco luxe neck pillow, Pillo1 infuses high tech therapy into a decadent pillow made from soy-based foam and Talalay latex, a naturally-derived and renewable resource from rubber tree milk and a solvent free production process. Pillo1 is launching at www.pillo1.com this month and will soon be available through spas, chiropractors and luxury bedding retailers.
Pillo1 is an outgrowth of Dr. Raymond Hall's vision, whose pro-athlete following and extensive medical practice is part of one of the nation's most prestigious orthopedic surgeon collectives, the Santa Monica Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Group. Pillo1 was created as a way to extend his healing processes beyond his office to the millions who suffer from neck and back pain and for whom he cannot personally administer treatment.
"My 25 year career as a chiropractor has been driven by a life purpose to help others," said the silver-maned Dr. Hall. "I also have an entrepreneurial streak and love of engineering solutions. All this came together when I noticed a significant pattern -- patients who suffer from neck pain will report, that they 'just woke up one day' with pain in their neck. This led me to explore and question the anatomy of bedding, the modern pillow, and the pain that is literally causing our country to spend $50 billion a year to eradicate."
On average, Americans spend over 25 to 30 years of their life sleeping. Dr. Hall notes that while consumers often spend thousands of dollars on expensive mattresses to help with spinal pain, if a cheap fluffy pillow is paired with it, the pain will continue. Dr. Hall sa
|SOURCE Pillo1
Copyright©2009 PR Newswire.
All rights reserved


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Multi-Generational Travel
Thursday, August 27, 2015 - 6:30pm to 7:30pm
Event Type:
Age Group:
Mulit-Generational Travel provides opportunities for families to create a special bond that will last a lifetime. But knowing where to go, what to see and how to travel to satisfy all ages can be challenging. Join Leslie Baker from Cruise Planners to learn tips on planning for a family reunion, educational travel experiences or just a quick and meaningful get-a-way that appeals to all ages.


text:
Power line communication method and apparatus in which data modulated radio frequency carriers from two different sources are transmitted by the power line, the range of frequencies of the carriers from one source partially overlapping the range of frequencies of the carriers from the other source, and in which carriers of the one source are shifted to frequencies other than the overlapping frequencies when carriers at the overlapping frequencies and from the other source are present on the line. Optionally, the data signal sampling rate can be changed to simplify signal filtering requirements.
1. Apparatus for generating and transmitting over a transmission medium a plurality of radio frequency carriers modulated with data signals, the carriers having frequencies in two different, separated frequency ranges, one range higher than the other range, receiving apparatus for receiving and demodulating the carriers transmitted over the transmission medium and having a detector responsive to radio frequency carriers with a frequency intermediate said frequency ranges and a selector coupled to the detector and to the transmitting apparatus for enabling the generation of a plurality of modulated radio frequency carriers having frequencies in one of the two different frequency ranges.
2. Apparatus as set forth in
3. Apparatus as set forth in
4. Apparatus as set forth in
5. Apparatus as set forth in
6. Apparatus as set forth in
7. A transmitter having a radio frequency carrier generator for generating a plurality of radio frequency carriers to be transmitted over a transmission medium, the carriers having frequencies in a first range, a modulator coupled to the generator for modulating the carriers with data signals, a mapper coupled to the modulator for selecting the carriers to be modulated dependent on the presence of electrical signals supplied to the transmission medium by another transmitter and having frequencies in a second range which overlaps, but is not coextensive with, said first range, said mapper changing the frequencies of the carriers in said first range which overlap the frequencies of the electrical signals in the second range to different frequencies.
8. A transmitter as set forth in
9. A transmitter as set forth in
10. Apparatus for generating and transmitting over a transmission medium a plurality of radio frequency carrier modulated with data signals comprising first means for sampling data signals at a first rate, second means coupled to the first means for providing data signals sampled at a second rate higher than the first rate, carrier generating means for generating a plurality of carriers having frequencies different from the sampling rate, modulating means coupled to the second means and to the carrier generating means for modulating the plurality of carriers with the data signals sampled at the second rate.
11. Receiving apparatus comprising receiving means for receiving a plurality of carriers modulated with the data signals sampled at a first rate, frequency converting means coupled to the receiving means for increasing the frequency of the received carriers and decimating means coupled to the frequency converting means for converting the signals at the output of the frequency converting means to data signals sampled at a second rate lower than said first rate.
12. In a power line communication system in which data modulated radio frequency carriers from two different sources are transmitted by the power line, the range of frequencies of the carriers from one source partially overlapping the range of frequencies of the carriers from the other source, the method of reducing interference between the carriers from the one source and the carriers from the other source which comprises:
monitoring the power line at the one source to determine the presence or absence of carriers at overlapping frequencies from the other source; and
when the presence of carriers at overlapping frequencies from the other source are detected shifting the frequencies of the carriers from the one source which overlap the frequencies of the carriers of the other source to frequencies other than the overlapping frequencies.
13. The method as set forth in
14. The method as set forth in
15. The method as set forth in
[0001] The benefit of priority of Provisional Patent Application Nos. 60/310,300 and 60/310,132, both filed on Aug. 4, 2001 in the names of the inventors named herein, is claimed.
[0002] The invention relates to communication systems using radio frequency carriers and, particularly, to communication systems in which electrical power lines, i.e., electrical conductors which transmit electrical energy in the voltage range of 100-300 rms volts at frequencies from 20-100 cycles per second to energize home appliances such as lights, heating, ventilating and air conditioning equipment (HVAC), refrigerators, television sets, etc., also are at least part of the transmission medium for the information to be communicated, e.g., the digital signal output of communication apparatus.
[0003] As used herein, the acronyms and abbreviations have the following meanings:
[0004] A "legacy" system is another communication system, usually pre-existing, which uses power lines as the transmission medium.
[0005] Although the principles of the invention can be used in connection with other communication systems, the invention will be described in connection with the power line communication systems of the type developed by Enikia, Inc. in New Jersey and described at pages 100-107 of the publication entitled "The Essential Guide to Home Networking Technologies" published in 2001 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J., described in copending applications filed Jun. 28, 2000 and entitled Method for Changing Signal Modulation Based on an Analysis of Powerline Conditions, and Method for Selecting and Changing Gears in Powerlines Networks, the disclosures of the copending applications being incorporated herein by reference.
[0006] Numerous powerline communication systems are described in the patents identified in the copending U.S. application No. 09/290,255.
[0007] There exist today many forms and types of networks, both wired and wireless, that allow for high speed data communication. The common thrust of all of these networks is to provide communication between devices, as well as access the Internet. On the other hand, the common problem with many of these networks is that they have to be deployed, which can be very costly and time consuming just to set up the network infrastructure. In recent years there has been substantial interest in coming up with a way of communicating at high speeds and at high data rates over AC power lines. Power lines are advantageous because the network is already in place and is available to almost every home and business in the world.
[0008] However, power lines and power transmission networks suffer from some other significant problems, most notably noise and inconsistent impedance. Power line communication is not a new concept, and there have been various methods and technologies that have been developed to allow for reliable communication. One such method that can be used for broadband communication is OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing). This allows for the use of a large number of closely spaced carriers to transmit data across the line. This carrier multiplexing along with the use of data interleaving and FEC coding provide a robust and reliable communication method to overcome the inherent problems of a power line.
[0009] When looking at a common power transmission network, it can be broken up into three (3) main segments. From a standard power substation, there is commonly a "distribution" network of medium voltage power lines, configured in a loop and several miles in length, that feed out to an area of homes and businesses. Then at various points on the loop there exist step down transformers that provide a series of 110 -240 V "access" lines depending on the country to a small number of homes and/or businesses. At the end of each one of these lines there is typically a meter or meters present for each electricity customer served by that line. Then on the other side of each meter there exists a typical "in-home" electricity distribution network inside a home or business.
[0010] It can be seen that all three of the network segments could possibly be used to transmit data across. However, it can be said that the "access" and "in-home" segments of this network are adjacent networks, with only an electricity meter in between. Also, it is very likely that the data transmitted on each of these segments will be for different purposes and have different destinations. For example, data transmitted on the access network segment could have multiple destinations or could be available to all end points, whereas data on an in-home network would likely be internal to that home or business. Therefore it would seem advantageous to logically separate these network segments to allow for separation and protection of data traveling on each segment. One possible method of accomplishing this would be to allocate different frequency ranges for each segment. This would allow for separation and also non-interference between segments.
[0011] A problem may arise, however, in this arena where there exists a legacy system in place, operating in a certain frequency range, and there is a desire to add communication on another network segment. In this case the legacy system may have to disable some of its carriers to allow for bandwidth allocated to the new system, thus diminishing its own bandwidth. However the legacy system may not allow for this. It is also conceivable that the legacy system could be shifted up or shifted down in frequency to accommodate, but this would most likely require a change to the hardware and also would no longer allow it to communicate with other units of the same type. There is also the possibility of using blocking filters to isolate the network segments, but this would add extra expense and installation cost and may not be advantageous for many applications. The goal of this invention is to solve this problem without sacrificing use of legacy system and preserving its bandwidth as much as possible.
[0012] There exist today a number of communication networks that operate over a broad band and at high speeds. These networks may operate on different mediums and different frequency ranges, but they all must comply to a certain radiation limit as well as other limits that may be imposed based on other devices or networks operating in the same frequency range. Due to the broadband nature of these networks, it is likely that there will be areas of the frequency band that cannot be used due to other communication devices occupying these areas. A common example of this would be amateur radio bands that occupy certain frequencies throughout the RF radio spectrum. This may require filtering notches to be put in place throughout a broadband communication system's operating frequency range. Another common requirement at the edges of this range is to have a steep roll off in transmitted power and be able to comply to a certain power spectral density limit beyond the edges of the operating frequency range. This often contributes to additional high-order filters being added to the design.
[0013] These high-order filter requirements can make the design of an analog front end very complicated, very large, and therefore very costly. In order to keep these issues in check, and to still satisfy the filtering requirements, it may be advantageous to increase the sampling frequency of the analog front end. This will often allow for simplifying of the filter designs as well as improved resolution on the received signal.
[0014] This invention overcomes the problems associated with the following scenario: (1) there exists a plurality of devices connected to adjacent network segments operating within the same or adjacent frequency ranges, and (2) there exists a number of legacy devices that may encroach the frequency range of new adjacent segment devices, and (3) there is a desire to communicate using the legacy system protocol without sacrificing substantial bandwidth and still allowing for non-interference with the new adjacent segment devices.
[0015] The basic concept of this invention is the ability to re-map a number of carriers in an existent OFDM or other multi-carrier system to another area of available frequency range, thus allowing for the availability of a certain frequency range to another adjacent network, while still preserving the bandwidth of the existent system to invention enabled devices, as well as the ability to still communicate with other compliant devices.
[0016] A modification to this invention overcomes the main issues associated with designing an analog front end for a broadband communication system in which: (1) there exists a number of frequencies or frequency bands in the overall frequency range that would need to be filtered out from transmitting or receiving due to other devices operating in these frequencies, and (2) there exists power spectral density limits that must be complied with both at the operating limits for the frequency band as well as at the filtered notches, and (3) there is a desire to reduce the complexity and the cost of the analog front end as much as possible. The basic concept of this invention is the idea of increasing the sampling rate of the analog front end above what the communication protocol may be designed to. This, in many cases, will allow the filtering designs to be simplified and cost reduced, as well as allowing for greater resolution on the received signals.
[0017] The present invention will be subsequently described ftuther with reference to the accompanying diagrams in which:
[0018]FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a typical power line network with adjacent segments;
[0019]FIG. 2 is a simplified block diagram of a prior art, power line, communication system of the type developed by Enikia, Inc.;
[0020]FIG. 3 is a graph of the carrier frequency range of a prior art legacy OFDM system;
[0021]FIG. 4 is a graph of an adjacent network carrier frequency range in relation to the graph of FIG. 3;
[0022]FIG. 5 is a graph of the available frequency range in relation to the legacy OFDM system;
[0023]FIG. 6 is a graph illustrating the re-mapping of certain carriers into the available frequency range;
[0024]FIG. 7 is a graph illustrating the possible operation modes in relation to carriers used for invention enabled devices;
[0025]FIGS. 8 and 9 are block diagrams illustrating modifications of the prior art system of FIG. 2 for the purposes of the invention;
[0026]FIG. 10 is a graph illustrating an example of a transmit spectrum mask for a broadband communication system;
[0027]FIG. 11 is a table showing the power spectral density limits for the spectrum illustrated in FIG. 10; and
[0028]FIGS. 12 and 13 are simplified block diagrams illustrating modifications of the transmitter and receiver systems illustrated in FIG. 2 for the purposes of the invention.
[0029]FIG. 1 illustrates a typical electrical distribution network showing its three (3) main network segments. The access star network and in-home network are deemed to be the areas where the preferred embodiment of this invention would be utilized. It is in this situation where the two network segments can likely see, and therefore interfere with, each other if communication devices should happen to be using the same frequency range to transmit data. This problem is also possible if there exist legacy devices installed on one segment of the network, and then at some point later communication devices are installed on the adjacent segment that may utilize a portion of the legacy frequency bandwith. There would normally be an electrical meter separating the two segments, however it would be very likely that signals transmitted on one network segment can be seen on the opposing side.
[0030] There exists prior art of an OFDM system as shown in FIG. 2. This system consists of a processing chain in the transmitter that transforms the raw data (bits) at the input into an OFDM format that will be transmitted across the power line. At the other side, the receiver takes the OFDM transmission off of the medium and transforms it back into the original raw data. This particular OFDM system has two data paths, in which the data is prepared differently for transmission. One path is known as the frame control path, which carries control information, as well as information about the data being sent. The receiver basically uses this information to prepare itself to receive the actual data that will follow correctly. The other path is for the actual data that is to be transmitted across the power line. The major processing block pairs (the block in the transmitter and the block in the receiver that perform the opposite functions) will be described further below.
[0031] Scrambler/Descrambler
[0032] The scrambler 108 basically helps to give the data a random distribution. This aids in distributing the data and therefore the transmitted power across the band. The descrambler 125 works to reorganize the data back to its original form.
[0033] Puncturing/Depuncturing
[0034] Puncturing 111 can be used as an option to take out extra bits of redundancy in the data inserted by the FEC encoders to reduce the number of bits that need to be transmitted. This can serve to decrease the overhead incurred by the error correction modules if desired. Depuncturing 122 restores the extra bits for proper decoding by the FEC modules in the receiver.
[0035] Encoder/Decoder Pairs
[0036] The encoder is part of the FEC (Forward Error Correction) process. The encoder basically arranges the data bits so that any errors that may occur during transmission can be corrected by the decoder. Some OFDM systems use several different types of FEC processes, as with this system, with an encoder and a decoder for each. This system consists of a reed-solomon encoder 109 with a reed-solomon decoder 124, as well as a convolutional encoder 110 with a viterbi decoder 123. FEC methods can work on a block of data, or can work on the data in a serial format (1 bit at a time). Use of multiple types of FEC will increase the robustness of a communication system. The decoder can normally correct a number of errors in a transmission, but does have a maximum limit.
[0037] Interleaver/Deinterleaver
[0038] The interleaver and deinterleaver pair work to assign and extract respectfully, the data bits to and from the OFDM carriers. The data is effectively distributed to all of the available carriers of the system. This OFDM system uses two different interleavers/deinterleavers, depending on the desired transmission type. Only one is used for each transmission. The ROBO interleaver 109, ROBO deinterleaver 121 pair is used when the channel is difficult to communicate across, for it transmits data at a lower bits per carrier rate with increased redundancy of data. The bit interleaver 112/deinterleaver 120 pair is used when a cleaner channel is present, and performs higher orders of modulation. Frame Control Encoder 101/Decoder 127, Interleaver 102/Deinterleaver 126. These modules perform the same tasks as described in the data path, however there is more replication and redundancy performed here to increase the robustness of the frame control transmission.
[0039] Mapper/Demodulator
[0040] The mapper 103 actually maps the carriers that will be used for a transmission to the frequencies that will be modulated. The block of data bits is converted to vectors of complex numbers. Based on the modulation method of all the carriers (ROBO, BPSK, QPSK), the mapper maps the data bits onto the constellation points for each carrier. The result is a complete set of vectors for an OFDM symbol. On the receiver side the demodulator 117 will convert the vectors back to a set of bits.
[0041] IFFT/FFT and Remaining Modules
[0042] The IFFT block 104 then performs the actual modulation of the constellation points onto the carrier waveforms. Basically vectors in the frequency domain are converted to a waveform in the time domain. After the IFFT is performed, the cyclic prefix is added and digital waveform is converted to an analog signal for transmission. At the other end the receiver will sample the medium until it detects the proper waveforms, and then convert these waveforms to digital samples that an FFT 115 is performed on. A synchronization block 118 is normally used to line up the FFT 115 to the correct set of samples for conversion back to the frequency domain to demodulate. A channel estimation block 119 is also used in the receiver to determine the channel quality at any point in time. This information is then relayed back to a requesting transmitter to determine what modulation method is possible to that receiver for future data transmissions. The AFE 114 (analog front end) is used to convert digital to analog and back again, as well as provide filtering.
[0043] The assumed scenario for this invention is that there is a different frequency band allocated for each network segment. Additionally, the assumption is that the newly installed communication devices comply with this allocation but the legacy system devices may or may not comply or may comply by disabling a number of carriers that would be interfering. FIG. 3 shows a carrier frequency band that a legacy device would be using to transmit and receive data. This frequency range is shown to be between frequency F1 and frequency F2. In FIG. 4 it is shown that there is a frequency range allocated to the adjacent network segment that is between frequency F3 and frequency F4. It can be seen that there are a number of carriers between F1 and F4 that are being used by the legacy device but are allocated to the adjacent network segment.
[0044] In order to enable this OFDM system for the invention, only minor changes are required. The only functionality that would need to be added relates to the mapper block and OFDM demodulator section of the system shown in FIG. 2. The mapper 103 would need to support two modes, based on the current configuration of the network. The first mode would be for the legacy system where there is no interference from an adjacent network segment. The second mode would be the invention enabled mode where carriers that are in the same frequency range as the adjacent network is using would be remapped to a higher frequency range. On the receiver side, the OFDM demodulator 127 would need to have a demapper block added. The demapper would basically have two modes as well. Based on the signals received out of the demodulator, along with the control data present, the demapper would decide whether to be in legacy mode, where the usable carriers are fed through directly to the deinterleavers, or to be in invention enabled mode, where the appropriate carriers would be remapped before sending to the deinterleavers. The modified OFDM demodulator 127 is shown an FIG. 8, with the demapper 128 added.
[0045] For a legacy system, a listing of the carrier numbers and frequencies are shown in Table 1.
[0046] By extending the frequency range, we can come up with additional carriers that can be used above a legacy system, as shown it Table 2.
[0047] A legacy system uses two functions in the system to disable use of specific carriers. One function is known as the Tonemask, which designates carriers that will never be used for transmission in a particular system. Table 2 also shows which carriers will be masked out of the system. The second function is known as the Tonemap, which designates which carriers to be used for each transmission on the power line based on a channel quality assessment of the channel. For the invention enabled mapper 103, we have two modes for carrier allocation:
[0048] In FIG. 4 it is shown that the frequency allocation for the legacy device network segment is between frequency F4 and frequency F5. Therefore there is additional available frequency bandwidth that can be used in the legacy device network segment. Rather than shift up in frequency all of the carriers that would not allow communication with legacy devices, the carriers that are located in the overlapping band are re-mapped to the other available frequencies allocated to this network segment. This is illustrated in FIG. 6.
[0049] The substantial benefits of this invention are illustrated in FIG. 7. By re-mapping the conflicting carriers to other available frequencies, the original bandwidth available to legacy devices is preserved as much as possible in invention enabled devices. In addition, these invention enabled devices can communicate in an alternate mode with other compliant devices residing on the same network segment. Other compliant devices may able to disable the conflicting carriers, but will suffer a loss of available bandwidth that may be substantial.
[0050] For this system, carriers 0 to 16 can be remapped to the frequencies for carriers 88 to 104 Car13 enable_vector shown in Table 3 will be used to determine which carriers to transmit on. The carriers for which Car_enable_vector=0, are multiplied by zero.
[0051] On the receiver side, the same method will be used by the demapper block. FIG. 9 shows a subset of the system, along with detail on the mapper 103 and the demapper 128. This Tonemap will be used for ROBO mode transmissions, however, for other modulation modes the Tonemap will be negotiated between two communicating units. Based upon the channel quality assessment, additional carriers may not be used. The control and decision making for the mapper and the demapper is handled by the software MAC 129. The Medium Access Controller will determine what mode to operate in and what carriers to ultimately use.
[0052] It should be noted that the number used in the mapper and demapper are examples. The ToneMask, mapper table, and enable_vector may change depending on the environment.
[0053] A broadband communication system will often have the need for substantial filtering requirements to comply with power radiation requirements as well as allowing for non-interference with other communication devices that may occupy areas of the communication spectrum. This often requires the use of complex filter designs which are large in size and costly. This invention resolves these issues while at the same time often allows for reduced complexity in the filter designs, therefore decreasing size and cost, as well as increased resolution of the received signal.
[0054]FIG. 10 illustrates a possible transmit spectrum mask requirement for a broadband communication system. It can be seen that there are various notches throughout the spectrum, as well as steep roll offs at the upper and lower limits of the spectrum. The power spectral density limits for the various filtering requirements are listed in the table of FIG. 11. It can be seen that steep notches are evident, which would require high-order notch filters to be used. FIG. 12 shows a possible design for the transmit path on an analog front end device. It can be seen that the normal sample rate defined by the communication protocol is being interpolated up to allow for simpler and smaller filters to be used. Interpolators are also used on the receive side, as shown in FIG. 13. Although the interpolators will add size to the design, this is outweighed by the reduction in size by being able to simplify the filter designs, as well as being able to meet the power spectral density limit requirements.
[0055] Taking the system diagram in FIG. 2 as a basis, there are changes made to both the transmitter and receiver portions to enable the invention. For the transmitter, an interpolator 134 is added between the RC shaping 107 and the AFE 114. The interpolator detail is shown in FIG. 12. The complex output (having both real and imaginary parts) from the RC shaping 107 with a 50 MHz sampling rate is converted to a complex output with a 60 MHz sampling rate by the interpolating filter 130. This complex output is then combined to a real output by the cosine/sine 131 and the notches required are filtered out by the amateur bandstop filters 132. This output is then interpolated up to 120 MHz (133) and sent to the AFE. For the receiver side, there is a decimator 139 added between the AFE 114 and the FFT 115. This block is detailed in FIG. 13. The samples taken of the Powerline at 60 MHz will be converted to a complex output by the cosine/sine 135. To prevent aliasing of the input signals at frequencies between 20 and 25 MHz, the input signal is also shifted in frequency (135). Each path will then be upsampled by 5 (136), put through a low pass filter (137), and then decimated by 6 (138) to arrive at an output sampled at 50 MHz for input into the FFT 115.
[0056] Decoupling of the frequency spacing and sampling rate from the protocol timing allows for adjustments of the frequency range used, carrier frequency spacing, and number of carriers used.
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DJ Infamous x Big K.R.I.T. x Yo Gotti – Somethin Right (Video)
DJ Infamous is on a roll today. After releasing a new single with Jeezy and 2 Chainz earlier, DJ Infamous has just dropped off a new visual for his single "Somethin Right" featuring YoRead More »
Yo Gotti – Errrbody (Remix) Ft. Lil Wayne & Ludacris
Yo Gotti enlists Ludacris and Lil Wayne for his "Errrbody" remix. Wayne kicks things off with a strong verse while Luda wraps up the track with some solid bars. Gotti spoke about how heRead More »
The Game x Yo Gotti x 2 Chainz x Soulja Boy x T.I. – Really (Prod. by The Mekanics X OZ)
Blood Moon: Year of the Wolf is set to be in stores and online 10.14.14. Before The Game's new project hits the streets, The Game has linked up with Yo Gotti, 2 Chainz, Soulja Boy andRead More »
Yo Gotti Talks "Errrbody", Snootie Wild & Wave Chapelle & Memphis' Hip-Hop Scene With HHS1987 (Video)
Recently During the 2014 BET Hip-Hop Awards Green Carpet, HHS1987 caught up with CMG CEO Yo Gotti to discuss a few things. Yo Gotti spoke with us about his album "I Am" being nominatedRead More »
T.I. & Hustle Gang – G.D.O.D. 2 (Mixtape)
After unveiling the artwork and tracklist to his upcoming Paperwork LP, T.I. joins forces with his Hustle Gang imprint to bring us the second installment of their G.D.O.D series. With T.I. severing as theRead More »
Bobby Shmurda – Hot Nigga (Remix) ft. Fabolous, Jadakiss, Busta Rhymes, Rowdy Rebel, Yo Gotti, & Chris Brown
Bobby Shmurda finally releases the highly anticipated remix to his hit single, "Hot Nigga". The NY native enlists Fabolous, Jadakiss, Busta Rhymes, Rowdy Rebel, Yo Gotti, and Chris Brown for the smash hit. ListenRead More »
Slim Thug – Errrbody Ft. Sauce Walka x J.P (Video)
Slim Thug and crew hop on Yo Gotti's latest track 'Errrbody' and decide to throw us all a visual as wellRead More »
Yo Gotti – Drake vs. Lil Wayne Tour Vlog
Here is tour footage of Drake vs. Lil Wayne first few tour stops. Although he is opening up for Drake & Wayne, he is showing us how he rocks the crowdRead More »


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So many applications, so little time! I just finished my Virtual Student Foreign Service eInternship application (finally). This is the second year I'm applying, and hopefully I'll get it again! Last year I was assigned to make YouTube videos in Italian conveying certain aspects of American life and culture. I made a few videos, and even one about CU Boulder! My Italian friends loved it, and some of them are planning to visit! This year I applied to work more in Spanish, mainly with USAID or the American Embassy in Mexico. The VSFS is a great opportunity for anyone interested in foreign cultures or policy. Definitely look into it!
Tonight we're finally out of the heat wave. Yesterday was brutal. It hit 100 and it was really humid. Really missing that Boulder dryness right now! But luckily tonight we got a lot of rain and some pretty amazing thunderstorms. There was even a tornado warning out in Essex County (about 45 minutes from my house), but we're still not sure if anything touched down. I love thunderstorms, and I have this theory that thunderstorms sound different depending on where you are. For example, where I used to live in Viterbo, Italy, the sound of the thunder would bounce off stone buildings, giving it a sharper sound (if that makes any sense), but in my town here, the thunder has more of a booming sound, since there is more wood and more sound absorbant materials around. Who knows if that makes any sense, but that's what I think!
Tomorrow night I'm going to my high school study abroad reunion in Boston. It's at the JFK Museum and Library, which is absolutely beautiful and has one of the best views of Boston ever. I'm really excited to get to see some of my friends from Italy, as well as my director. He is definitely one of the coolest guys ever. Then this weekend I'll be heading down to New York City to see one of my best friends from Boulder! I haven't seen him since December, and I'm so excited to see him and his new puppy. It should be a good time!
I hope everyone reading this is staying cool and getting ready for the Olympics! Go USA!


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Furthermore, It turns out that law enforcement officers are not legally responsible for my safety and security. In fact, as an article in Police Chief Magazine pointed out:
"Law enforcement generally does not have a federal constitutional duty to protect one private person from another."
And this has been further supported by various court decisions, including these particular cases:
Warren v. District of Columbia
Castle Rock v. Gonzales
What all this means is that you must take on the responsibility for your own personal defense. This is common sense to many, but think again. Deep down, as we relinquish more of the "job" of our security to someone else—even if it's just someone in your family, your home, your car—we begin to lower our own defenses. We get lax. We are less prepared to respond.
So consider starting here:
1. Learn how to minimize your risk and exposure.
2. Learn how to defend yourself, if #1 doesn't work.
3. Have a plan.
Minimizing your risk—avoiding danger: There are many ways to begin strengthening your own defenses—some almost effortless, and some warranting more work. But it all starts in your head.
In particular, developing your sense of what's around you—your "situational awareness"—is step one. Pay just a little more attention to your surroundings:
• Where is that secondary exit?
• Do those windows open?
• Who is driving behind me?
• Who is sitting around me in the restaurant?
• Is anyone looking at me?
• Who and what is parked around my car?
Look around you just a little more and a little longer. Notice something more than you initially did. Pick out faces in the crowd. Pay just a bit more attention.
Defending yourself: How you defend yourself, and with what, is going to depend on a lot of variables. Choosing which tools and techniques can be daunting. But one sure thing is that your strongest, most dependable and secret weapon is with you all the time—your brain.
We'll be going much further in talking about firearms and their use in our own personal defense, but remember that even if you don't think you have any "tools" with you, your brain is your primary weapon. In fact, you can have the best training and tools available, but if you don't have your wits about you, they're useless.
So start now by recognizing and exercising the awesome power of your primary defensive weapon. Develop your mindset. Two great ways of doing this are described right here in this article! Start upping your awareness of what's around you, and start thinking about the first steps in your plan.
Having a Plan: Having a plan—or even the baby steps of a plan—is better than having no plan at all. Knowing what to do, especially in the earliest moments of any conflict, is absolutely critical to starting the response process. Having a "first step" to revert to can shake you out of the shock of finding yourself in a life-or-death situation, and can be the beginning of your fight to safety.
But how are you going to generate a plan for every possible scenario out there? How can you possibly be prepared for something you can't predict? Just as we diligently worked through fire drill exercises when we were kids, even though most of us had never thought of being in a fire before our teachers taught us the steps to take, we imagine and visualize what could happen, and then what we would make happen. This is the first step of developing a plan.
Start asking yourself little "what if" questions. Simple is best: What if my car breaks down tonight, nowhere near help? What if a fire breaks out at the entrance of this restaurant? Where would I go? What if the cars in front and behind me get too close and box me in? What if someone bangs on my front door at 3 am?
As you start leading yourself through these problem-solving exercises, your brain begins to form a plan, deciding on your first step. It could be as simple as reaching for the cell phone. Dialing 911. Locking the car doors. Heading for that secondary exit you noted when you first came in.


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Parents, remember the ABCs of Safe Sleep04/25/2014
To reduce sleep-related deaths of infants, the Tennessee Department of Health has launched a new series of public service announcements promoting the ABCs of Safe Sleep.. more
Open burn permit applications now available online04/16/2014
To better serve residents, Knox County's Air Quality Management Department has created a convenient online application process for requesting open burn permits.. more
Rabies Vaccination Clinics scheduled for May 3 & 1004/16/2014
Rabies vaccination is not just a public health priority, it's the law. Get your dog or cat immunized at one of our rabies vaccination clinics for just $10 per animal.. more
It's National Public Health Week04/03/2014
A time to recognize the contributions of public health and highlight issues that are important to improving our community. Check out what we're doing to improve health in Knox County and join the conversation. . more
Our free Diabetes Management Series starts April 2404/03/2014
A diabetes diagnosis doesn't have to be overwhelming. Sign up for our classes today and learn how to manage the disease through proper diet, exercise, medication and stress management. . more
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