text:
An electrode array has an elongate flexible carrier that, when viewed in cross-section, is much more flexible in a first direction than in a second direction orthogonal thereto. The elongate flexible carrier is formed with a bias force that causes the array to flex in the first direction so as to assume the general spiral or circular shape of the scala tympani duct within the cochlea. The less-flexible direction is the direction that makes it difficult for the array to twist as it is inserted within the scala tympani duct. The bias force is sufficiently strong to cause the array to assume its preformed spiral shape even after being straightened during initial insertion into the cochlea. Electrode contacts, embedded into the carrier so as to be exposed along an inner or concave surface of the spiral, thus wrap snugly around the modiolus, thereby positioning the electrode contacts against the modiolar wall in an optimum position for stimulation.
1. An electrode array adapted for insertion into a cochlea for use with a stimulation device comprising:
a flexible carrier formed to assume a precurved shape;
a plurality of spaced-apart electrode contacts embedded within the flexible carrier, a portion of each contact being exposed at a first surface of the carrier;
the first surface of the carrier comprising that surface which assumes an inner surface of the curved shape; and
a lumen passing longitudinally through the flexible carrier through which a stylet may be placed to help guide insertion of the flexible carrier into the cochlea during implantation.
2. The electrode array of claim 1 wherein the precurved shape of the flexible carrier corresponds to the curvature of the cochlea and wherein the flexible carrier recovers said precurved shape after straightening with sufficient force so that when the electrode array is inserted into the cochlea the electrode contacts are positioned snugly against an inside surface of the cochlea.
3. An electrode array adapted for implantation within a human cochlea, comprising:
an elongate flexible carrier that, when viewed in cross-section, is much more flexible in a first direction than in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction;
a plurality of electrode contacts embedded within the carrier, each being electrically connected to a respective wire that is also embedded within the carrier;
a passageway passing through the elongate flexible carrier into which a stylet may be removably inserted to straighten the elongate flexible carrier during implantation; and
wherein said elongate flexible carrier has compression energy stored therein that forces the carrier to assume a precurved shape in the first direction.
4. The electrode array of claim 3 wherein the plurality of electrode contacts are positioned along a first surface of the carrier that is on the inside of the curve, whereby when said electrode array is inserted into the cochlea, and the curvature of the electrode array is oriented to match the curvature of the cochlea, the plurality of electrode contacts hug an inner surface of the cochlea.
5. A precurved cochlear electrode array, comprising:
an elongate flexible carrier adapted for insertion into a human cochlea, wherein the flexible carrier is formed in a precurved shape, and wherein sufficient bias force is present within the elongate flexible carrier to return the elongate flexible carrier to the precurved shape after an initial straightening;
a plurality of electrode contacts and wires embedded within the carrier, each electrode contact being electrically connected to at least one wire, wherein electrical contact is made with each electrode contact through at least one of the wires; and
a passageway passing longitudinally through the elongate flexible carrier, the passageway providing a channel into which a stylet may be placed to straighten the elongate precurved flexible carrier during insertion of the elongate flexible carrier into the cochlea.
6. The precurved cochlear electrode array of claim 5 wherein each electrode contact is exposed on a medial wall of the precurved elongate flexible carrier, wherein the medial wall of the precurved flexible carrier comprises that surface of the elongate flexible carrier on the inside of the curve defined by the precurved shape of the flexible carrier, and is that surface which is adapted to be positioned against a modiolar wall of the cochlea when the precurved cochlear electrode array is inserted into the cochlea.
7. The precurved cochlear electrode array of claim 5 wherein the precurved elongate flexible carrier, with wires and electrodes embedded therein, is adapted to exhibit low stiffness in the direction Y--Y, and greater stiffness in direction X--X, where the direction Y--Y and the direction X--X are defined by a cross-sectional view of the elongate flexible carrier in which the electrode contacts are located on the bottom of said cross-sectional view, and the direction Y--Y is the vertical direction of said cross-sectional view, and the direction X--X is the horizontal direction of said cross-sectional view.
8. The precurved cochlear electrode array of claim 7 wherein the wires embedded within the elongate flexible carrier are placed in two bundles, one bundle being located on each side of a cross section of the elongate flexible carrier.
9. The precurved cochlear electrode array of claim 7 wherein the wires embedded within the elongate flexible carrier provide redundant electrical paths to each electrode contact.
10. A cochlear electrode system comprising a precurved cochlear electrode array; and
means for straightening the precurved electrode array to facilitate insertion of the precurved electrode array into a human cochlea;
wherein the precurved electrode array comprises:
an elongate flexible carrier formed in a precurved shape, wherein sufficient bias force is present within the elongate flexible carrier to return the elongate flexible carrier to the precurved shape after being straightened, and
a plurality of electrode contacts and wires embedded within the elongate flexible carrier, each electrode contact being electrically connected to at least one wire, wherein electrical contact is made with each electrode contact through at least one of the wires.
11. The cochlear electrode system of claim 10 wherein the means for straightening the precurved electrode array comprises:
a stylet; and
a passageway passing longitudinally through the elongate flexible carrier, the passageway providing a channel into which the stylet is placed to straighten the precurved shape of the elongate flexible carrier during insertion of the precurved cochlear electrode array into the cochlea.
12. The cochlear electrode system of claim 10 wherein the means for straightening the precurved electrode array comprises an insertion tube.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Applications Ser. No. 60/056,055, filed Sep. 2, 1997; and Ser. No. 60/061,945, filed Oct. 14, 1997.
The present invention relates to implantable stimulation devices, e.g., cochlear prosthesis used to electrically stimulate the auditory nerve, and more particularly to an electrode array for use with a cochlear stimulator that is designed to hug the modiolus so as to place electrode contacts of the electrode array in close proximity to the ganglion cells and thereby to the auditory nerve fibers.
Hearing loss, which may be due to many different causes, is generally of two types: conductive and sensorineural. Of these, conductive hearing loss occurs where the normal mechanical pathways for sound to reach the hair cells in the cochlea are impeded, for example, by damage to the ossicles. Conductive hearing loss may often be helped by use of conventional hearing aids, which amplify sound so that acoustic information does reach the cochlea and the hair cells. Some types of conductive hearing loss are also amenable to alleviation by surgical procedures.
In many people who are profoundly deaf, however, the reason for their deafness is sensorineural hearing loss. This type of hearing loss is due to the absence or the destruction of the hair cells in the cochlea which are needed to transduce acoustic signals into auditory nerve impulses. These people are unable to derive any benefit from conventional hearing aid systems, no matter how loud the acoustic stimulus is made, because their mechanisms for transducing sound energy into auditory nerve impulses have been damaged. Thus, in the absence of properly functioning hair cells, there is no way auditory nerve impulses can be generated directly from sounds.
To overcome sensorineural deafness, there have been developed numerous cochlear implant systems--or cochlear prosthesis--which seek to bypass the hair cells in the cochlear (the hair cells are located in the vicinity of the radially outer wall of the cochlea) by presenting electrical stimulation to the auditory nerve fibers directly, leading to the perception of sound in the brain and an at least partial restoration of hearing function. The common denominator in most of these cochlear prosthesis systems has been the implantation, into the cochlea of electrodes which are responsive to suitable external source of electrical stimuli and which are intended to transmit those stimuli to the ganglion cells and thereby to the auditory nerve fibers.
A cochlear prosthesis operates by direct electrical stimulation of the auditory nerve cells, bypassing the defective cochlear hair cells that normally transduce acoustic energy into electrical activity in such nerve cells. In addition to stimulating the nerve cells, the electronic circuitry and the electrode array of the cochlear prosthesis performs the function of the separating the acoustic signal into a number of parallel channels of information, each representing the intensity of a narrow band of frequencies within the acoustic spectrum. Ideally, each channel of information would be conveyed selectively to the subset of auditory nerve cells that normally transmitted information about that frequency band to the brain. Those nerve cells are arranged in an orderly tonotopic sequence, from high frequencies at the basal end of the cochlear spiral to progressively lower frequencies towards the apex. In practice, this goal tends to be difficult to realize because of the anatomy of the cochlea.
Over the past several years, a consensus has generally emerged that the scala tympani, one of the three parallel ducts that, in parallel, make up the spiral-shaped cochlea, provides the best location for implantation of an electrode array used with a cochlear prosthesis. The electrode array to be implanted in this site typically consists of a thin, elongated, flexible carrier containing several longitudinally disposed and separately connected stimulating electrode contacts, perhaps 6-30 in number. Such electrode array is pushed into the scala tympani duct to a depth of about 20-30 mm via a surgical opening made in the round window at the basal end of the duct. During use, electrical current is passed into the fluids and tissues immediately surrounding the individual electrical contacts in order to create transient potential gradients that, if sufficiently strong, cause the nearby auditory nerve fibers to generate action potentials. The auditory nerve fibers arise from cell bodies located in the spiral ganglion, which lies in the bone, or modiolus, adjacent to the scala tympani on the inside wall of its spiral course. Because the density of electrical current flowing through volume conductors such as tissues and fluids tends to be highest near the electrode contact that is the source of such current, stimulation at one contact site tends to activate selectively those spiral ganglion cells and their auditory nerve fibers that are closest to that contact site. Thus, there is a need for the electrode contacts to be positioned as close to the ganglion cells as possible. This means, in practice, that the electrode array, after implant, should preferably hug the modiolar wall, and that the individual electrodes of the electrode array should be positioned on or near that surface of the electrode array which is closest to the modiolar wall.
In order to address the above need, it is known in the art to make an intracochlear electrode array that includes a spiral-shaped resilient carrier which generally has a natural spiral shape so that it better conforms to the shape of the scala tympani. See, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 4,819,647. The '647 U.S. patent is incorporated herein by reference. Unfortunately, while the electrode shown in the '647 patent represents a significant advance in the art, there exists lack of sufficient shape memory associated with the electrode to allow it to return to its original curvature (once having been straightened for initial insertion) with sufficient hugging force to allow it to wrap snugly against the modiolus of the cochlea.
It is also known in the art, as shown in applicant's prior patents, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,545,219 and 5,645,585, to construct an electrode carrier from two initially straight members, a rodlike electrode carrier and a flexible rodlike positioning member. As shown in these patents, the two members extend in substantially parallel relation to and closely alongside each other, but are connected to each other only at their respective leading and trailing end regions. After implant, a pushing force is applied to the positioning member so that it is forced to assume an outwardly arched configuration relative to the electrode carrier, thereby forcing the electrode carrier into a close hugging engagement with the modiolus, thereby placing the electrode contacts of the electrodes in as close a juxtaposition to the cells of the spiral ganglion as possible. The '219 and '585 U.S. patents are also incorporated herein by reference.
Unfortunately, while the electrode array taught in the above-referenced '219 and '585 patents has the right idea, i.e., to force the electrode carrier into a close hugging engagement with the modiolus, it does so only through application of an additional pushing force which is applied to an electrode structure after it is already fully inserted into the cochlea. Such additional pushing force may easily cause damage to the delicate scala tympani. Moreover, the entire electrode array may twist during the insertion process, or when the additional pushing force is applied, thereby causing the electrode contacts to twist and/or be forced away from the modiolus, rather than in a hugging relationship therewith.
Thus, while it has long been known that an enhanced performance of a cochlear implant can be achieved by proper placement of the electrode contacts close to the modiolar wall of the cochlea, two main problems have faced designers in attempting to achieve this goal. First, it is extremely difficult to assemble electrode contacts on the medial side of the an electrode array, facing the modiolus of the cochlea. Second, heretofore there has either been the need for application of an external (and perhaps unsafe) force, or a lack of sufficient shape memory, to allow the electrode (after initial straightening to facilitate insertion) to assume or return to the desired curvature needed to place the electrodes against the modiolar wall so that the curvature wraps snugly around the modiolus of the cochlea. As a result, the electrode contacts of the prior art electrodes are generally positioned too far way from the modiolar wall.
It is thus evident that improvements are still needed in cochlear electrodes, particularly to facilitate assembling an electrode so that the electrode contacts are on the medial side of the electrode array, and to better assure that the electrode assumes a close hugging relationship with the modiolus once implantation of the electrode has occurred.
The present invention addresses the above and other needs by providing an electrode array that is fabricated in a straight shape using simple tools and basic techniques. Moreover, the electrode array of the present invention is fabricated to assume a pre-programmed spiral shape (i.e., a precurved shape) with sufficient memory so that even after initial straightening (to facilitate implantation) it recovers its precurved shape with sufficient force so that it tightly wraps snugly around the modiolus.
In accordance with one aspect of the invention, an electrode array adapted for implantation within a cochlea is provided that comprises: (a) an elongate flexible silastic carrier that, when viewed in cross-section, is much more flexible in a first direction than in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction, and wherein the silastic carrier has a memory or bias formed therein that causes the carrier to assume a spiral shape which curves in the first direction so that a first surface of the carrier resides along an inner concave surface of the spiral shape; (b) a plurality of electrode contacts embedded within the flexible carrier, a portion of each contact being exposed at the first surface of the carrier; and (c) conductor means (e.g., wires) embedded within the flexible carrier for making electrical contact with each of the plurality of electrode contacts. Thus, when implanted in the cochlea, the bias formed within the electrode array causes the electrode array to assume its spiral shape, thereby positioning its first surface, and hence the electrode contacts, snugly against a modiolar wall of the cochlea.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention, the elongate flexible silastic carrier of the electrode array has a passageway or lumen passing longitudinally therethrough. Such passageway or lumen advantageously allows a stylet, or other equivalent positioning device, to be placed within the passageway so as to help guide insertion of the silastic carrier into the cochlea during implantation.
It is thus a feature of the present invention to provide an electrode array for use with a cochlear stimulator that is easily fabricated in a straight shape using simple tools and basic manufacturing techniques.
It is another feature to provide a precurved electrode array that has sufficient memory so as to recover its precurved shape after initial straightening with sufficient force to allow it to wrap snugly around the modiolus, thereby positioning the electrode contacts in the optimal position within the cochlear.
It is a further feature of the invention to provide an electrode array that hugs the modiolus, placing contact faces of the electrodes used within such array in close proximity to ganglion cells of the auditory nerve.
The above and other aspects, features and advantages of the present invention will be more apparent from the following more particular description thereof, presented in conjunction with the following drawings wherein:
FIG. 1 shows the schematic structure of the cochlea;
FIG. 2A illustrates a precurved electrode array made in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2B shows a cross sectional view of the array of FIG. 2A taken along the line X--X in FIG. 2A;
FIG. 3A depicts an assembly of electrode contacts and wires used as part of the method of making an electrode array in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3B shows a cross sectional view of FIG. 3A, and illustrates how the wires on each side of an electrode are held in place by the folded ends of each contact;
FIG. 4 shows the assembly of FIG. 3A after being pre-molded in silicone polymer;
FIG. 5 shows a side view of a mandrel that is used as a tool in forming the electrode array of the present invention;
FIG. 6 illustrates a silastic tube;
FIG. 7 shows the tube of FIG. 6 after being pushed onto the mandrel of FIG. 5 and compressed a prescribed amount;
FIG. 8A shows a perspective view of the contact array of FIG. 3A and/or FIG. 4 along with the compressed silastic tube on the mandrel of FIG. 7 as placed within the cavity of a two-part molding die, prior to injecting a silicone polymer into the cavity;
FIG. 8B shows a sectional view of the array and tube as held into place within the molding die;
FIG. 9 illustrates the electrode after curing of the silicone polymer;
FIG. 10 depicts the manner in which a syringe with needle can be used to pump a suitable releasing agent, such as alcohol, into the open end of the tube, thereby facilitating removal of the mandrel from the tube hole;
FIG. 11 shows the electrode array after removal of the mandrel, and illustrates how the compressed energy stored in the tube, curves the array to the desired shape;
FIG. 12 illustrates the use of a stylet, placed inside of the hole or lumen formed within the array, to straighten the array during an initial phase of inserting the array within the cochlea; and
FIG. 13A and 13B illustrate the use of an insertion tube used in conjunction with, or as a alternative to, the use of a stylet as shown in FIG. 12 to assist in straightening and inserting the array into the cochlea.
Corresponding reference characters indicate corresponding components throughout the several views of the drawings.
The following description is of the best mode presently contemplated for carrying out the invention. This description is not to be taken in a limiting sense, but is made merely for the purpose of describing the general principles of the invention. The scope of the invention should be determined with reference to the claims.
Referring to FIG. 1, there is shown the schematic structure of human cochlea 50. The section of the cochlea from point A to point B, i.e., section AB, has a spiral shape. In contrast, the section from point B to point C, i.e., section BC, is almost straight. The area of stimulation, i.e., the location of the ganglion cells, is marked with X's. It is an object of the present invention to provide an electrode array wherein the stimulating contacts, i.e., the electrode contacts, are positioned in close proximity to the spiral ganglion cells XXX.
To this end, an electrode array 10 is provided as shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B. As seen in FIG. 2A, the array 10 comprises a precurved electrode array having the same general curvature as that of the cochlea 50. The array 10 includes an elongate silastic flexible carrier 12 having an array of platinum electrode contacts 11 connected to corresponding insulated wires 15. The elongate silastic flexible carrier 12 has a hole or lumen 13 passing therethrough. The wires 15 exit the silastic carrier 12 near a proximal end thereof and form a cable 14 that connects with a cochlear stimulator (not shown). The cochlear stimulator is thus able to make electrical connection with each of the electrode contacts 11 through respective ones of the wires 15.
The electrode contacts 11 of the array 10 are positioned along the medial electrode wall following the line between points A', B' and C'. This line, as seen in FIG. 2A, is along an inner side of the array 10, along a portion of the curve or spiral that is generally concave. This side of the array carrying the electrodes 11 is designed to be positioned against the modiolar wall 52 of the cochlea (FIG. 1), which is the inner surface (or the inside surface of the cochlea having the tightest spiral).
FIG. 2B shows a cross sectional view of the array 10 of FIG. 2A taken along the line X--X in FIG. 2A. Advantageously, the carrier 12 is designed so as to exhibit very low stiffness in the direction Y--Y (the plane of the spiral), whereas it exhibits much greater stiffness in the lateral direction X--X. As explained below, the carrier 12 is constructed so as to have a built-in bias or memory force which forces the carrier to naturally assume spiral or curved shape shown in FIG. 2A.
As seen best in FIG. 2B, the carrier 12 has a passage way (also referred to herein as a "hole" or "lumen") 13 along the entire length of the electrode.
The spiral shape of the electrode 10 between points A' and B' is equal to, or a little smaller than (i.e., has a radius of curvature smaller than) the cochlear curve between cochlear points A and B (see FIG. 1). Section B'C' of the silastic carrier 12, in contrast, preferably has a reversed curve having a reversed radius R such that the distance W2 (FIG. 2A) is the same as, or slightly larger than, the distance W1 across the entrance of the cochlea (see FIG. 1). Advantageously, the carrier 12 has sufficient memory stored in the silastic material from which it is made to force the silastic carrier to return to the desired curvature, e.g., as shown in FIG. 2A, after being straightened during the insertion process.
An important feature of the present invention is that the electrode array may be fabricated in a straight shape using simple tools and basic techniques. FIG. 3A, for example, depicts an assembly 20 of electrode contacts 11 and wires 15 used as part of the method of making an electrode array 10 in accordance with the present invention. The electrode contacts 11 are preferably made from platinum (Pt) strips connected with 25 micron diameter platinum-iridium (Pt--Ir) insulated wires 25 placed on each side of the strip. FIG. 3B shows a cross sectional view of the assembly 20 of FIG. 3A. As seen in FIG. 3B, the wires 15 on each side of an electrode contacts 11 may be held in place by the folded ends of each contact. The wires 25 are placed in two identical bundles on each side, making the array very flexible in direction Y--Y, and many times stiffer in direction X--X. This bundled-pair configuration also provides redundancy in the electrical paths to each electrode contact, thereby enhancing the reliability of the electrode array.
The dimensions shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B (as well as the other figures) are in millimeters. These dimensions are intended to show representative dimensions, and are not intended to be limiting.
The two wires 25 (one on each side) that make electrical contact with their respective electrode contact 11 may be physically connected to the individual contact strip using any suitable technique, e.g, spot welding, brazing, crimping, or the like.
Once the electrode/wire assembly 20 has been assembled, as shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, the assembly may be pre-molded in silicone polymer, or other suitable material, to form a stable strip 22, as shown in FIG. 4. The surface of the individual electrode contacts 11 preferably remains exposed on the underside of the strip 22 (as positioned in FIG. 4). Again, this strip 22 is very flexible in the direction Y--Y, but is many times stiffer in the direction X--X. Note that the directions "X" and "Y" are defined in FIGS. 3A and 4 by the X-Y coordinate system 24 shown in these figures.
In order to provide the memory feature of the electrode array, i.e., in order to provide a built-in biasing force that maintains the electrode in its desired spiral shape, a mandrel 30 is constructed as shown in FIG. 5. The mandrel 30 includes a tip portion 32 and a handle portion 34. The tip portion is typically about 20 mm in length and has a diameter of about 0.50 mm. The tip portion 32 is coated with a TEFLON sleeve having an overall diameter of 0.45 mm. Thus, the TEFLON sleeve must typically be stretched to fit over the 0.50 mm diameter tip portion.
Turning next to FIG. 6, a silastic tube 36 is cut to a length of about 50 mm. The silastic tube 36 typically has an outer diameter (OD) of about 0.64 mm, and an inner diameter (ID) of about 0.30 mm. As seen in FIG. 7, the tube 36 is pushed gradually onto the oversized tip 32 of the mandrel 30 and is compressed in length by approximately 30% in distance between points A" and B". As a result, about 30 mm of tubing is stored on the 20 mm (A"-B") section of the mandrel tip. It is this compression which advantageously provides stored energy within the carrier 12 that ultimately gives the array 10 its spiral shape.
After compressing the silastic tube 36 onto the tip 32 of the mandrel 30, the compressed tube and the contact/wire assembly 20 (whether premolded into a strip 22 as shown in FIG. 4 or not) are placed in a cavity 38 of a two-part molding die 40, 42, as shown in FIG. 8A and FIG. 8B. The mold cavity 38 is then filled or injected with a liquid two-part silicone polymer, thereby filling the gaps between the tube 36 and the contact/wire assembly 20 (or remolded strip 22), fusing the two parts together. After curing, the electrode array is removed from the die in a straight shape as maintained by the tip 32 of the mandrel, as shown in FIG. 9. The silastic tube 36, with the contact/wire assembly 20, or premolded strip 22, as fused together within the cavity 38 of the molding die 40, 42 by the silicone polymer, thus form the elongate flexible carrier 12 previously described in connection with FIGS. 2A and 2B. The lumen through the tube 36 becomes the opening or passageway 13 that passes through the carrier 12.
Next, as shown in FIG. 10, a syringe 44 filled with a suitable releasing agent 45, such as alcohol, is connected to the open end of the tube 36 via a needle 46. The releasing agent is then pumped into the open end of the tube 36, allowing easy removal of the mandrel tip 32 from the tube hole 13. As soon as the mandrel tip 32 is removed, the electrode array 10, as a result of the energy stored in the compressed tube 36, curves to the desired shape, as shown in FIG. 11. The amount of curvature of the electrode array 10 may be controlled by the selection of the hardness of the tubing 36 and the degree of compression placed on the tube 36 as it is pushed onto the mandrel tip 32.
The reverse curvature of the electrode array for the B'-C' portion (see FIG. 2A) may be formed using one of at least two methods. First, the section of the tube on the mandrel corresponding to the portion B'-C' may be stretched, while still maintaining a compression for the section corresponding to the portion A'-B'. When released from the mandrel tip, the section B'-C' will thus be curved in the opposite direction to that of section A'-B'. Second, as an alternate method, the released, molded electrode may be placed on the mandrel, and the mandrel may be bent with the electrode to the desired shape. Then, a layer of silicone polymer can be added on the lateral side (shown by "R" in FIG. 2A). Because, this B'-C' section of the tube 36 has no compression, it can be modified using this alternative approach.
Once formed, the electrode array 10 of the present invention may be easily inserted into the cochlea. To perform such insertion, it is first necessary to straighten the electrode. This may be done by placing a straightening stylet inside the hole or passageway 13 of the electrode array, as shown in FIG. 12. Such a stylet is very useful to help guide the electrode into the cochlea.
Alternatively, or in combination with using a stylet 62, the electrode array 10 may be loaded into an insertion tube 64 as shown in FIGS. 13A and 13B.
Regardless of the which technique is used, i.e., the stylet 62 (FIG. 12) or/and the insertion tube 64 (FIGS. 13A, 13B), the electrode array in its straightened condition, is inserted within the first section of the cochlea up to point B (see FIG. 1), where the cochlea channel is starting to curve. Then, the electrode array is pushed off of the stylet 62, and/or extracted out of the insertion tube 64, until the tip of the electrode array reaches point A within the cochlea. Such pushing or extraction is facilitated by the shoulder 17 formed at the proximal end of the carrier 12, which shoulder provides a convenient surface against which a pushing or extraction force may be applied.
Once the tip of the electrode array has reached point A, the stylet 62 and/or insertion tube 64, used to hold the electrode array 10 in place, may be completely withdrawn, and the implantation of the electrode array is complete.
As described above, it is thus seen that the present invention provides an electrode array for use with a cochlear stimulator that is easy to manufacture, easy to insert or implant within the cochlea, and which resists twisting. It is further seen that the invention provides such an electrode array wherein the electrode contacts hug the modiolus, placing contact faces of the electrodes used within the array in close proximity to ganglion cells of the auditory nerve.
While the invention herein disclosed has been described by means of specific embodiments and applications thereof, numerous modifications and variations could be made thereto by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention set forth in the claims.
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Reports from the 2009 AMASE Field Expedition
Posted by Emily Lakdawalla
Now that it's high summer in the Arctic, it's time for research expeditions to swarm northward to explore icy landscapes as analogues to Mars and other far-off places. This year's Arctic Mars Analogue Svalbard Expedition (AMASE) sounds like lots of fun: a crew from JPL is bringing up a FIDO rover (a six-wheeled testbed for Mars rover instruments) and using it to test out some instruments for future use on Mars Science Lab (which I suppose I should be calling Curiosity now) and ExoMars (which has recently been delayed to a 2018 launch, so I guess they have plenty of time to do tests like these). I was contacted a few weeks back by one of the AMASE expedition members, Juan Diego Rodriguez, who's now sending back reports from the far north, and who has also forwarded some entries from one Adrienne Kish. Read their reports here and follow the fun of the expedition!
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Groovy Reflections Radio
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- Orange, CA
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- 1439 W. Chapman Avenue #144, Orange, California 92868
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Hi All,
Out of the blue, my website, http://www.thenoticezone.com, is no longer centered (only the footer is centered). It is the WordPress template zeeStyle by ThemeZee (version 1.2). I have tried various fixes in the CSS Style Sheet with no results. (I was able to center the header but that looked ridiculous with the body left justified, so I undid that change.) I have removed all the code in the CSS Style Sheet and entered it again from the ThemeZee zee style template but it didn't help. It appears this way in Chrome, Firefox and IE. Can anyone help me? Thanks so much!


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Floating Wish Lanterns. RRP: £6.99
Create a gorgeous atmosphere at any evening party. The floating lanterns are ideal for use on rivers, lakes or garden ponds and are reusable, so you can use them again & again! Lovely for lots of different parties or celebrations like weddings, or birthday parties. A message or poem can also be written on before releasing. Two lanterns in each box Candles included Size: 15 x 15 x 24 cm 100% Bio-degradable.


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International Organizations
Since first publication in 1983 International Organizations has established itself as the leading text in the area, bringing together an explanation of the rise of international organizations, their development in the twentieth century, and an account of their significance in the modern international political system.
Much has happened in the real world of international relations since 1983: the Cold War has ended; the Soviet bloc has disintegrated and the Soviet Union is under strain; Germany is united and the European Community has been revived; the war between Iran and Iraq has ended, but another Gulf War quickly followed.
The continuities are as important as the changes: environmental degradation and Third World poverty and debt continue. All of these factors have had an influence on the role and behaviour of international organizations and upon the way in which they have been viewed by individual countries, and all are evaluated in this comprehensively revised and updated second edition.
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Comments(everything from quick facts, opinions, fanmails to controversies goes here) Join India Forums for free to comment on this celebrity. Have an account already? use Quick Login to comment.
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nani nai nani nani nani...:* :)
kahan gayee gurumaa - missing you in the show.
dis old lady is too much bt shez funny ...baghwan kare rami rakhe ish budhiya ko jaldi utthale lol
Edited on:20 August 2010 at 3:58pm
hello , i m huge fan ov urs..............................
Edited on:30 June 2010 at 8:43am
wonderful actor....muah
hei pratima,, ur good forformer , but i ask u ,, ap real life main bi esi hi ho ,kay sarf daramay esi ho ,, plz bataneh zarooo,
i love ur acting in uttaran....and ur dialogues are funny and dangerous at the same time....good
welcome to pratigya show.
Are you a die-hard fan of Pratima Kazmi and do you want to pass on a message to him? Then join India-forums.com and give across a message. Also read as well as post comments on Pratima Kazmi's movies, videos, photos and other various updates.


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Written in 1901, the Alabama Constitution has over 300,000 words and well over 700 amendments. Alabama's constitution is 40 times longer than the U.S. Constitution, and is not only the longest constitution in the United States, but is also the longest constitution in the world.


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27 year old woman | Cincinnati, OH, USA | Seeking men 25-35 within 50 miles
I am often expected to be something you imagined but then reality appears and I prove to be even more.
I am a personality type 8. I have been called a left brainer because I am really good at math and science, also very analytical and systematic. The interesting thing is that the right side of my brain is pretty prevalent because I am an artist. I love the arts I can sing(although I am very shy and probably wouldn't); I love to dance (Latin and Jamaican flavor); I paint and draw (little rusty but I can convey a message). I also mosaic and do some photography. I enjoy a wide range of activities. I like to keep personal and professional separate. I am very sympathetic and compassionate for people and creatures down on their luck but I like to approach most situations with logic and reason first and handle emotions in private. I am a bit of a comedian, I would say my humor is eclectic. Idealistic I would meet a man willing to understand me. We can meet in the middle for everything else.
Coffee and conversation , Cooking , Dining out , Hobbies and crafts , Movies/Videos , Museums and art , Music and concerts , Nightclubs/Dancing , Performing arts , Playing cards , Travel/Sightseeing , Volunteering , Wine tasting
Basketball, Billiards / Pool, Bowling, Dancing, Golf, Running, Swimming, Tennis / Racquet sports, Walking / Hiking, Yoga
I exercise 1-2 times per week.
I like Dogs
Ask me
University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
I love all music but my favorite would be soulful blues, jazz, and neo-soul. I love seafood.
I can be found hitting up the salsa scene, singing my heart out at Karaoke, painting a picture, watching movies, bowling, cooking, weekend road trips. I'd tried most things at least twice.
Trilogy of Fifty Shades of Grey
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
|What she is looking for
|5'9" (175cms)
|5'7" (170cms) to 7'0" (213cms)
|Body type:
|Slender, About average, Athletic and toned
|Blue, Brown, Grey, Green, Hazel
|Dark brown
|Auburn / Red, Black, Light brown, Dark brown, Blonde, Salt and pepper, Silver, Dark blonde, Grey, Platinum, Bald
|Yes, but trying to quit
|Occasionally, Daily, Cigar aficionado, Yes, but trying to quit
|Social Drinker
|Social Drinker
|Technical / Science / Computers / Engineering
|Administrative / Secretarial, Artistic / Creative / Performance, Executive / Management, Financial / Accounting / Real Estate, Labor / Construction, Legal, Medical / Dental / Veterinary / Fitness, Political / Govt / Civil Service / Military, Retail / Food services, Sales / Marketing, Self-Employed / Entrepreneur, Education / Teacher / Professor, Technical / Science / Computers / Engineering, Travel / Hospitality / Transportation, Other profession, Nonprofit / Volunteer / Activist, Law enforcement / Security / Military, Fashion / Model / Beauty, Architecture / Interior design
I am a Project Engineer, a Sales Associate for Radioshack and I sell Mary Kay! Looking to replace my second job with an instructor position at a community college.
|$50,001 to $75,000
|$35,001 to $50,000, $50,001 to $75,000, $75,001 to $100,000, $100,001 to $150,000, $150,001+
|Never Married
|Never Married, Currently Separated, Divorced
|Have kids:
|Yes, and they sometimes live at home, No, Yes, and they live away from home, Yes, and they live at home
|Wants kids:
|Not sure
|Definitely, Someday, Not sure, Probably not, No
|Black / African descent
|Asian, Black / African descent, East Indian, Latino / Hispanic, Middle Eastern, Native American, Pacific Islander, White / Caucasian, Other
Blackfoot-Cherokee, German-Scottish, of african decent.... Can all be summed up to Heinz 57.
|Spiritual but not religious
|Agnostic, Atheist, Buddhist / Taoist, Christian / Catholic, Christian / LDS, Christian / Protestant, Hindu, Jewish, Spiritual but not religious, Christian / Other
I can be considered a Christian because I attend church occasionally and I read the bible most every night.
|Bachelors degree
|Some college, Associates degree, Bachelors degree, Graduate degree, PhD / Post Doctoral
I have a BS-Architecture Engineering and an AAS-Civil Engineering


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(Note: This character's RPG posts will not be structured like this and he will not always talk this much.Also this story is rated M or whatever, due to foul language, although censored, and allusions to some pretty violent stuff. Ya really want to read this? Of course ya do.)
"Let me tell you a little about myself, ya know let us connect. I wasn't a thug, anyone who told ya that is full of it, alright? Nah, I was just a bored kid, I mean I'm still bored…but I'm more mature. I get things now you know, I understand the system, and how broken it is. Anyway, I wasn't a thug, but I wasn't above hangin' with that crowd and I might have done some thug stuff to get some cash. Work's not my thing ya know? So when I was doing one of those thug things, this guy shows up, this freakin' guy, man he was a trip. Wore like giant ropes and stuff, like he thought he was a wizard. Maybe he was, he was gone after I killed him after all. Don't look at me like that, I didn't mean to kill him, it just kind of happened, I was just trying to steal his TV. Guy's got to eat. Anyway, he cursed me. I know some curse right? Well at least it hurt like a b#$%# when it hit, like burning all over my body, I nearly died I think, knocked me right the hell out. So I wake up and the dude is gone, but there's these cops. So they're gonna shoot me and so I tell them not to shoot. And you know what? They didn't, they didn't even though they totally wanted to. So then I ask them to not move, all polite like too. And they do what I say, and I started to feel it. The power, the power over their wills. I could feel them fighting it, trying to take back their bodies, but I guess they were too tired, too tired of all the bulls#$% the world had thrown at them. So ya know what I did? The only humane thing, I made the pigs shoot themselves in the head. All I had to do was ask, and I bet they wanted it, I mean they would have resisted more if they didn't right? Yeah, they wanted it. They wanted it and they deserved it, because they were part of the system. You want me to tell ya about the system? Yeah, you do. The system is the status quo of the world, it's what makes everything happen how it happens, it's like, it's like when you notice those 'heroes' and 'villains' fightin' and you think 's#$% why doesn't somebody just make 'em stop' and the answer is the system. The system is quite frankly #$%#ed. Not an opinion, ya know, it's a fact. Just look at the world, falling apart at the seams and what do those guys do? Fight and fight like cats and dogs. Freakin' idiots. Me? I'm not stupid, I can't break the system or stop or anything like that. Nah, I've got a better idea, I'm abuse it. Why not, I mean the world is screwed anyway. So I decided to be one of the bad guys, one of the real evil ones. Yeah, it's been pretty fun. But I mean, none of the big guys notice me and I've only been dealing with cops or strung out junkies and s#$%. It gets boring after awhile. So I needed a way to figure out how to get some attention and then it hit me. I wasn't going far enough; I wasn't really going as bad as I could go. Nah, I wouldn't be a bad guy, I'd be a monster. I'd do whatever the hell struck me at the time. So I'd take what I wanted, @#$% what I wanted, and kill whoever the hell got in my way. But it's not working, but I got a plan to fix that. Ya wanna know how? Of course ya do. Ya wanna know how. It's simple, I'm gonna bring the scale up. I'm gonna stop #$%%ing with random people and just go to war with an entire city. Then maybe those stupid #$%#s will pay attention. Yeah, they'll pay attention then. Thanks for the talk, but I gotta go soon, I got a riot to plan."
The Man with No Name grinned as he stepped up from the table. He gave a curse as he stepped into the blood that covered the floor, he'd forgotten about it. Amanda, the poor girl whom he was telling his story, sat shaking in terror as he got up to leave. She nearly breathed a sigh of relief as he got to the door. But then he turned around and smiled at her. "Oh yeah, I forgot." There was a horrible sadistic glee in his smile. "Kill yourself." Amanda didn't want to, she really didn't want to, but then again neither did anyone else in the diner. She sliced the razor against her wrist. The Man with no name calmly walked out, leaving nothing but a pile of bodies in his wake, having not raised a hand against a single one of them.


text:
All images copyrighted by designer
Photographed homes may have been modified from original design. Construction plans are provided as per renderings.
© copyright by designerLower Floorplan:
© copyright by designerUpper Floorplan:
Stories: 2
Total Living Area: 1207 Sq. Ft.
First Floor: 517 Sq. Ft.
Second Floor: 690 Sq. Ft.
Bedrooms: 2
Full Baths: 1
Width: 51 Ft. 8 In. Depth: 42 Ft. 4 In.
Garage Size: 4
Foundation: Slab Foundation (Please allow 2-3 Days for Delivery)
The Grande Carriage House
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text:
|Problems? Is your data what you think it is?
Re^2: Missing an optionby Anonymous Monk
|on Feb 02, 2006 at 22:37 UTC ( #527479=note: print w/ replies, xml )
|Need Help??
"I never leave home"
Well, if you're already home, you can't "go home" until you leave. And if you never leave home, you never go home, either.
So the correct poll option for you would be: "I never go home". :-)
In Section Past Polls


text:
Hey, you single middle-aged guys, when I went to see SITC2 I was one of three guys in the theatre; it was full of honeys of all ages shapes and sizes. These ladies were dressed up all nice and pretty, smelling fine, with nowhere to go. And most of them were drunk-yup; if you're a single middle-aged guy looking for love and you can't find it in the lobby after SITC 2, well buddy, you are one unappealing son of a gun.
The lobby was overflowing with women before the second show-just after the first show let out-and you would of thought I was Antonio Bandares the way some of the drunkard 40 and 50-somethings were trying to dial me in. There's an amount of naked man in the movie which had the first show watchers worked up into such a lusty lather that they were needing to blow off some steam; at that point in the lobby, I was the one and only male around they could blow off onto. I felt like a three-legged cat with a cold surrounded by a den of rabid foxes. I could tell if I didn't hurry and get my peanut M-and-Ms and Dr. Pepper and go hide in the bathroom, a passel of those women were going to try and bat me around if they could.
So, I hid in the bathroom, not so much cause I was scared, but because the lobby was loud. Some louds I like. Loud purring from a cozily curled up cat, or loud rumble from ramblin' stock cars at the local oval, just to name two. But loud shrieks by middle-aged women who don't get out away from the kids and husband nearly enough, is loud I don't like. I could have hushed them all to dead silence by walking to the middle of the room and shouting, "Sarah Palin rules!"- but nobody wants to be a party pooper.
More like this story
Use the comment form below to begin a discussion about this content.


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(PRWEB) August 06, 2013
Parker Waichman LLP, a national law firm dedicated to protecting the rights of consumers, is pleased to report that U.S. District Court Judge Benita Y. Pearson, in a Final Order, has approved the settlement for the product liability class action lawsuit against Gentek Building Products (Eliason, et al. v. Gentek Building Products, Inc., et al., Case No.: 1:10-cv-02093-BYP). Approval of the settlement was filed on Aug. 1, 2013, in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Ohio, Eastern Division.
The court appointed Jordan L. Chaikin, a partner at Parker Waichman LLP, who had been named to the Plaintiffs' Executive Committee on Oct. 10, 2012, as Settlement Class Counsel. Additional law firms also were appointed as Settlement Class Counsel.
According to the Complaint, the siding manufactured and sold by Gentek is defectively designed and manufactured in such a way that it will prematurely fail, causing damage to consumer homes.
"We could not be more pleased with the settlement agreement," said Jordan L. Chaikin, Partner at Parker Waichman LLP. "We are also quite pleased that homeowners and others in the class who were impacted by the defective exterior siding will be compensated."
The lawsuit was filed on behalf of a number of Plaintiffs who alleged that the exterior siding manufactured by Gentek is defective and fails within the warranty period. The manufacturer's warranty is supposed to cover cracking, chipping, flaking, peeling or splitting for the life of the purchaser. The warranty is in effect for 50 years from the original installation in the case that the property is sold to a new owner.
According to the lawsuit, the siding peels, cracks and chips are within the warranty period. Furthermore, the suit alleged that Gentek failed to honor its warr
|Source: PRWeb
Copyright©2012 Vocus, Inc.
All rights reserved


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Prosecutor: Man Confesses to NJ Church Killings
Posted: 11/25/2008 - A Georgia prosecutor says a man accused of killing his estranged wife and another man at a New Jersey church has confessed to the shooting rampage.
Posted: 11/25/2008 - A Georgia prosecutor says a man accused of killing his estranged wife and another man at a New Jersey church has confessed to the shooting rampage.
Posted: 11/25/2008 - Jeremy Camp's new album is about coupling faith with action in serving God.
Posted: 11/25/2008 - The megachurch pastor who quizzed Barack Obama and John McCain at their first joint campaign appearance will honor President Bush in Washington next Monday.
Posted: 11/24/2008 - The Omaha Archdiocese of the Roman Catholic Church has formed a task force to fight Internet pornography.
Posted: 11/24/2008 - It started as a radio program discussion about a taboo subject: child molestation among members of the insular world of Orthodox Jews.
Posted: 11/24/2008 - Protesters calling for the closing of a controversial school for Latin American military and government officials say they're optimistic the new president or a more sympathetic Congress will help them achieve their goal within the next year.
Posted: 11/24/2008 - Vatican media are praising the Beatles'musical legacy and sounding philosophical about John Lennon's boast that the British band was more popular than Jesus.
Posted: 11/24/2008 - People who've studied their Bible or who paid attention during Sunday school are familiar with gleaning.
Posted: 11/24/2008 - Pope Benedict is praying that never again will political ideology cost people their freedom and dignity.
Posted: 11/24/2008 - Wycliffe U.S.A. is launching a major effort to translate the Bible into the native tongues of more language groups.
Posted: 11/24/2008 - Nation of Islam Minister Louis Farrakhan says President-elect Barack Obama is "America's blessing," and he's urging the black community to overcome divisions and organize behind one agenda.
Posted: 11/24/2008 - Los Angeles police say a security guard shot and killed a man wielding two Samurai swords yesterday on the grounds of a Scientology building in Hollywood.
Posted: 11/24/2008 - Authorities are hunting for a gunman who entered a church (St. Thomas Syrian Orthodox Knanaya Church) in Clifton, N.J., yesterday and shot three people killing his estranged wife.
Updated: 11/24/2008 - In observance of the Thanksgiving Day Holiday, the regularly scheduled garbage pick up and i-Recycle collection for Thursday, November 27, 2008 will be picked up on Wednesday, November 26th.
Updated: 11/24/2008 - A few tips to help you budget for food during this economic downturn.
Updated: 11/23/2008 - Tips to keep you within budget, while enjoying a feast at the same time.
Posted: 11/21/2008 - A Roman Catholic priest convicted of indecent exposure for jogging naked around a track at a Colorado high school has been sentenced to five years probation.
Posted: 11/21/2008 - A federal judge says a California man is free to preach the Gospel in a public square while his lawsuit against the city of Modesto moves forward in court.
Posted: 11/21/2008 - Police in Provo, Utah, say they had to negotiate for an hour with an armed and suicidal Brigham Young University student outside a Mormon temple before he surrendered.
Posted: 11/21/2008 - The senior Republican on the House Intelligence Committee is calling for a criminal investigation into whether the CIA lied to Congress about the 2001 shoot-down of an American missionary plane by the Peruvian air force.
Posted: 11/20/2008 - New Orleans police are looking for the person or persons who broke into a church and stole a crucifix.
Posted: 11/20/2008 - Police in Lakeland, Florida, have arrested a man who stole $100 in church offerings from a woman who also happens to be the sheriff's stepmother.
Posted: 11/20/2008 - The restoration of a Massachusetts church's 130-year-old organ has been delayed because four delicate pipes were damaged when a visitor took a nap on them.
Posted: 11/20/2008 - Clergy in St. Cloud, Minnesota, are asking coaches and school activity directors to maintain a longtime tradition of keeping Wednesday nights free for church.
Updated: 11/20/2008 - A Minnesota church apparently has won its latest round with the Internal Revenue Service.


text:
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Found this on Facebook...if only...
Answer is in the dot of the "?"
Big h/t to iOwnTheWorld for the Obama/Jesus/Rockwell self portrait piece.Add a comment
Well, future women...
Found at Creative Minority ReportAdd a comment
Found this on Facebook...filing it under "I wish I thought of this!"
A very good point from Right Wing News.


text:
Results 1 to 4 of 4
Thread: Mainly Planes, But Also Sketches
November 12th, 2012 #1
Mainly Planes, But Also Sketches
Hello all,
I've been doodling for years, but I've had a hard time getting myself to practice for more than a few days before I put it off.
I'm not sure that I've ever put in enough dedicated practice to actually see major improvement, but it certainly feels like I'm on a plateau right now.
So hopefully, by starting a sketchbook here, I'll be able to motivate myself to keep going.
So here are a few sketches from the last couple of days. I'm going to try and keep it up to at least one sketch a day.
This is supposed to be Patrick Stewart, but I think I transformed him into John Locke, somehow. :/ He's too wide and the head's not curved enough at the top.
Really struggled with the shapes on this Sheridan. So much junk strapped to the hull and turret, it was hard to make out the shapes underneath. Excuses.
If it's not clear enough by now, I find tanks and planes fascinating.
Any tips, besides keep at it?
Hide this ad by registering as a memberNovember 13th, 2012 #2
Some still life. Really had a hard time giving the tape measure the proper heft. Doesn't look nearly solid and bulky enough, and I'm not sure why.
December 4th, 2012 #3
Woo, I made it a month with fairly consistent sketching. Feels good to start filling up a sketchbook.
Enjoyed working with pen, I think making permanent marks helped me to take my time and place my lines precisely.
So how'd I do? Anything obvious I'm doing wrong? Going to keep at it.
December 6th, 2012 #4
Some attempts at timed quick gestures, about two minutes each, a gun and a wrecked car, and two faces.


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Thursday, June 23, 2011
Cinelli "Rapha" XCR Criterium Racer
Spotted by Bianchista.
Click on photo to enlarge.
Additional information about the Cinelli "Rapha" XCR Criterium Racer is in this entry.
I invite you to contribute by sending in photographs of your Cinelli bike, illustrations, personal stories, and articles about Cinelli bikes and components.
Thanks for stopping by.
I can be contacted at firstname.lastname@example.com
Posted by Angelo senza la o at 5:57 AM
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Its not brilliant but i have just finished my new double sided lightsaber. It is red and the hilt/shaft is grey. you will need: 40 red rods 4 grey ...
to make the hilt/shaft connect the 4 grey rods to the 2 white connectoirs as shown:
attach the the 20 red rods togethor with the 5 white connectors. make two of these.
attach the 2 lighsaber blades to the hilt/shaft as shown:
you have now finished your double sided lightsaber. you can use the same idea to make a single bladed lightsaber or you can modify your double to you...
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How low can they go at Turnberry?
TURNBERRY, Scotland -- There is no trusting the weatherman here, where it is not unusual to experience all four seasons in the span of a few hours.
But unless the good folks at the Open Championship want to see the Scottish version of the Bob Hope Classic break out along the cliffs of Turnberry, they are in dire need of a favorable forecast.
And by that we mean nastiness. Rain, cold, wind. Not in that order, but all at once.
"The wind is supposed ...
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138th OPEN CHAMPIONSHIP
Stewart Cink might seem the villain after foiling Tom Watson's run at a sixth Claret Jug at the British Open. In time, though, the six-time PGA Tour winner will receive his due. Bob Harig
When: Thursday-Sunday, July 16-19
Where: Turnberry's Ailsa Course, Scotland
Yardage/Par: 7,204 yards; par 70
2009 champion: Stewart Cink
- 2009 Open infamous for failings
- Nicklaus weighs in on Watson's Open
- British Open photo gallery
- Mike & Mike: Watson won't dwell
- Sobel takes final look at Turnberry
- Watson records biggest rankings jump
- Wojciechowski: Through Watson's fingers
- Harig: Cink forever linked with Watson
- British Open highlights, analysis
- Cink on philosophy of playing No. 18
- No second guessing for Watson
- Cink plants kiss on the Claret Jug
- Jason Sobel's British Open blog
- British Open leaderboard
- Cink beats Watson in 4-hole playoff
- Manassero, 16, takes top amateur honors
- Complete list of past British Open champs
- Vote: Lasting memory of Turnberry?
- Where does Watson rank?
- 1999 champ Lawrie records double eagle
- Wojciechowski: Watson's a saving grace
- Harig: Watson on the brink of history
- Sobel: What leaders need to do Sunday
- Sobel: Looking ahead to Sunday
- Round 3 British Open highlights
- Watson talks about his third round
- Jason Sobel's British Open blog
- Watson maintains 1-shot lead
- Ballesteros talks of St. Andrews return
- Sobel discusses Watson's chances
- Molder's 67 the best of Round 3
- Goggin hoping to play spoiler role
- Westwood played his way to the top
- Goosen confident entering final round
- Monty not happy with Lyle's apology
- Injury forces Jeev Milkha Singh out of Open
- Lyle raises '05 allegations vs. Monty, apologizes
- Tiger grouped with phenom Ishikawa
- Quigley turns down invite


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Annotation — From the March 2013 issue
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Annotation — From the March 2013 issue
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Postcard — February 4, 2013, 9:00 am


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OPINION: Wall Street Journal Editorial "ObamaCare's 'Liar' Subsidies"
Over the July 4 holiday, Obamacare continued to unravel. First, the Obama administration announced the delay of the employer mandate. Then, it capped the week by rolling back the verification process for eligibility on the exchanges. The administration's recent actions raise serious concerns of what the future holds as implementation moves forward.
House Energy and Commerce Committee leaders and members of the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations last week requested documents and information from Treasury Secretary Jack Lew and Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius regarding the administration's sudden decision to delay full implementation of the employer mandate.
July 8, 2013
EDITORIAL: ObamaCare's 'Liar' Subsidies
The White House says you can sign up 'without further verification.'
The White House seems to regard laws as mere suggestions, including the laws it helped to write. On the heels of last week's one-year suspension of the Affordable Care Act's employer mandate to offer insurance to workers, the Administration is now waiving a new batch of its own ObamaCare prescriptions.
These disclosures arrived inside a 606-page catch-all final rule that the Health and Human Services Department published on July 5—a classic Friday news dump, with extra credit for the holiday weekend. HHS now says it will no longer attempt to verify individual eligibility for insurance subsidies and instead will rely on self-reporting, with minimal efforts to verify if the information consumers provide is accurate.
Remember "liar loans," the low- or no-documentation mortgages that took borrowers at their word without checking pay stubs or W-2s? ObamaCare is now on the same honor system, with taxpayers in tow.
People are supposed to receive subsidies only if their employer does not provide federally approved health benefits. Since HHS now won't require business to report those benefits or enforce the standards until 2015, it says it can't ask ObamaCare's "exchange" bureaucracies to certify who qualifies either.
HHS calls this "a slight technical correction" though it is much more than that. The exchanges will not only start dispensing benefits "based on an applicant's attestation" about his employment insurance status. HHS is also handing the exchanges "temporarily expanded discretion to accept an attestation of projected annual household income without further verification." …
All of this fits with ObamaCare's entire bloody-minded history. Democrats were determined to make their rendezvous with the liberal destiny of government-run health care, so they imposed this debacle on the country on a partisan vote and despite public opposition. Now that they are discovering how difficult it is to remake one-sixth of the U.S. economy, they are rewriting the law as they go and telling Americans they have no choice but to live with the consequences.
Read the entire editorial online here


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Helenville has 1 schools. Some of the best schools in Helenville are St Peters Lutheran School with a parent rating of 4/5 stars. Helenville has an average student/teacher ratio of 12:1.
School data provided by National Center for Education Statistics, Maponics, and GreatSchools. Intended for reference only. GreatSchools Ratings compare a schools test performance to statewide results. To verify enrollment eligibility, contact the school or district directly.
Good values on homes are still available, as the number of homes listed for sale is greater than the number of homes being sold. Great deals can be found by determined buyers.
Not enough data to determine market type. Consult a local REALTOR® for up-to-date market summaries
Trend data coming soon.
Trend data coming soon.
|For Sale: 8
|New: N/A
|Recently Sold: 6
|Reduced: 4
|Average Home Price
|Average Sold Price
|Property Records: 493
|Foreclosed: N/A
The average home price in Helenville is $202,708, which is 4.6% lower than the average sold price in Helenville ($212,583) . The average home price per square foot in Helenville is $91 and about 1% of all homes in Helenville sold in the last 6 months. For Helenville home values, real estate prices, and city market trends, research the 493 property records or search our 6 recently sold or 8 homes for sale listings. The listings and properties in Helenville are only a part of the 1,805,058 properties and 47,215 homes for sale in Wisconsin. Because of this, the average home price and average home value of Helenville also influence the average home price $143,506 and average sale price $182,742 of Wisconsin. Listing counts, Helenville home prices and home values in Helenville are sourced daily from listing and property data on realtor.com®, which is the most up-to-date and accurate aggregation of real estate listings in the industry and includes approximately 800 regional MLSs and is the official website of the National Association of Realtors®.
|Median Age
|Median Household Income


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The letter to the Hebrews is one of the great theological epistles of the New Testament, similar to Romans in its theological depth. Hebrews draws deeply from the Old Testament and shows that Jesus in his person and work is the fulfillment of all the Old Testament promises. A study of this epistle will immerse us in Scripture and remind us of the great eternal truths...
Where: Charis Bldg
Vacation Bible School
Where: CCCM Campus
Celebrating Jesus in the Feasts July 13-17 For K-6th grade. Register at Chi...
Where: Charis Bldg
As one body has many members, so the church has several functions. We at Calvary Chapel Costa Mesa are blessed to have various different ministries, all of which have the main focus of being followers of Jesus. Whether you are new to our church or an active member, we would encourage you to explore our website and discover new opportunities and ways to get involved.


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TV news shows
Posted: March 23, 2014 at 5:02 a.m.
Lineup of guests for today's TV news shows: ABC's This Week — Reps. Keith Ellison, D-Minn., and Tom Cole, R-Okla. 8 a.m., KATV, Channel 7, Little Rock.
This story is only available from our archives.
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