text:
You are most welcome to our website where you will
discover a large selection
of vintage,antique and contemporary
fishing tackle from the 1850s through to
present day tackle making artisans.
we have antique and contemporary reels, rods ,lures ,
by ABU, ABEL, ALLCOCKS, ARI HART, DANELSSON, DINGLEY ,
MITCHELL, MILL TACKLE ,PAUL COOK , ANDY RAMISH , SARACIONE and many more
We stock cane cc de france rods, salmon cane fly rods and cource cane rods like
Shaun Lindsey ,
Fred Crouch and Bruce and Walker.
Have fun exploring our site and contact details are below.
Our site is 6 years old now and are experienced in buying,
selling & shipping tackle around the globe,
so shop with confidence .
Richard walker rods, B James rodS, mk1V cane rods and many others.
Having practiced game fishing since boyhood and being based in the North West of Northern Ireland,it is no surprise to have developed a real passion for salmon and trout fishing.
Inevitably this love of fishing has evolved into an addiction for collecting vintage fishing tackle. This all-consuming hobby of many years has led to me being involved in the valuation of period tackle such as products from Allcocks,Hardys,
Youngs,Malloch,carved fish and taxidermy etc ,on a daily basis,where I continuously search for these and other rare items.
Consequently the volume of merchandise that I have aquired in Ireland has led to the creation of this website during 2008.I wish to assure potential purchasers that I will warrant my product's description and give an honest, detailed appraisal of the physical condition thereof drawing upon my considerable experience. Obviously as with all antiques, pricing reflects condition.
So feel reassured and relaxed in your choosing. I will endeavour to satisfy any queries that you may have, please feel free to use my contact details below.
If you wish to purchase any of the items seen in the galleries, use the buy it now buttons to purchase, visit the "Web Store" within the site,this is where bargains can be had and there you can use the immediate PayPal service; or you have the option of contacting me via e-mail.we can accept payment using personal cheques for UK customers, or money orders if you are an international purchaser. Euro transactions can also be accepted at an agreed rate by e-mail.
All prices include insured postage costs to UK and Ireland & Europe
All international purchases on fishing rods will incur an additional carriage tariff ,most are mentioned in the item discription agreed by e mail before shipment .
Contact Details:
Andrew Doherty
E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Mobile no.: 0044 (0) 7809 351418
Home no: 0044 (0)2871885744
My friend Aaron Day has guided me through the creation of my web site and through his constant support we have managed to get it up and running in Autumn 2008.
I would like to convey my thanks to Aaron and recommend him to anyone wishing an enthusiastic endorsement in the love of vintage fishing tackle collecting.
Aarons website address www.vintagefishishingtackle.co.uk
My next dear friend of our collecting trilogy is Mark Terry, a very knowledgeable gent ,he is expert in all aspects of collecting but has a real passion for collecting books , his exciting website offers great depth of product with great emphasis on course fishing, game fishing ,knifes etc. Have a browse
Mark Terry,s website address www.antiquevintagefishingtackle.co.uk


text:
Intel has 10 core Xeons out also.
I'm aware.
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Posted 17 October 2011 - 15:56
Agreed, took the words out of my mouth. This is what happens when you nearest competitor can't compete. Come on AMD step up your game.
They have 8 core XEON's this is just them not feeling the heat from AMD. No reason to release an 8 Core CPU when they have no competition. Don't you find it suspect they waited a mere 3 days after the Bulldozer benches to release these statements when they could have said this months ago when they finalised the specifications and pricing of the three chips?
Had Bulldozer knocked the socks off Intel's 6 core Sandy Bridge E, they would have most definitely brought an 8 Core to market. No question.
Posted 17 October 2011 - 17:41
Posted 17 October 2011 - 20:57
If you have ever used Foobar2000 or dBpowerAMP to encode music you will know this is not quite true. The more cores you have, the more copies of Lame.exe or NeroAACEnc.exe you can run simultaneously. Then you have multi-process apps like Google Chrome...
Regular apps just won't automagically benefit from increased cores.
Posted 17 October 2011 - 20:57
I would definitely agree with this, but the article only says Sandy Bridge E, which includes the Xeons as well. I'm curious if this limitation will exist on the early Xeons as well. I know the ES chips are 8 core, but I have heard they are still getting pretty poor yields out of the chips right now.
these 6 core cpus most likely are the ones that don't meet x8 that are used in the xeons or some i7 xtream to be released later. This is fairly common in the cpu world. Unless you buy the top of the line you are buying something that is defective so to speak.
Posted 18 October 2011 - 03:07
If you have ever used Foobar2000 or dBpowerAMP to encode music you will know this is not quite true. The more cores you have, the more copies of Lame.exe or NeroAACEnc.exe you can run simultaneously. Then you have multi-process apps like Google Chrome...
Posted 18 October 2011 - 08:08
The point I was trying to make with those programs is that they do not need to use special multi-core optimized versions of the encoders e.g. LAME-MT. A quad core processor will run more single-threaded programs concurrently than a dual core processor will.
That's because apps like encoding tools are usually almost always multi-core optimized by their developers,
What makes an app, a regular app?
they are not regular apps.
Posted 18 October 2011 - 08:33
They should really say "Windows doesn't know how to use more cores" because Linux and BSD definitely can, and properly for that matter (as well as OS X).
maybe it is just me but i do not see the need for more then 2 cores
i have a dual and a quad and see no difference at all
this time next year we will have AMD 26 core 256bit cpus lol
Posted 18 October 2011 - 09:42
Posted 18 October 2011 - 13:05
Posted 18 October 2011 - 13:23
And unless you run VmWare/VirtualBox on your desktop PC, not so many apps really need 6-8 core. Desktop PC are NOT servers and are not running Oracle or SQL Server database or used as reendering farms. If you do, then get a XEON CPU inside your PC.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Op/Tech.... hahaha
Put that RB on a Op/Tech and watch it SLIDE right off your shoulder.
We use Up-Straps on EVERYTHING, I use one to carry a Canon 1V-HS with a 200mm F1.8L lens and a complete Mamiya Universal fully loaded and it WILL NOT slide off your shoulder nor will the strap break.
They have 2 models one with kevlar in the strapping. Neoprene is for women !!
You can order the strap lugs from Op/Tech and then use them on your Up-Strap !!
Let me know if you need some more information.


text:
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text:
"You can see the animals and the people making it. You can see what's going on," he said.
Some restaurants are also getting in on the local food trend by incorporating as many locally grown foods into their dishes as possible.
One of these restaurants is Marche` at 74 State Street Hotel in Albany. It features a menu made up of a blend of contemporary American beef, chicken and fish entrees. At the food fest, Executive Chef Brian Molino and his team will be putting together one sweet and one savory dish using all locally grown products, including apples from Indian Ladder Farms.
"We would just like to show people the quality of using fresh local ingredients instead of overly manufactured goods," Molino said, adding that it can be expensive and difficult to get local farm-raised meats, but that 80 percent of the produce they serve at the restaurant is from local markets.
Every month, Marche` hosts a seven-course "interactive farmers dinner" at Indian Ladder Farms, where local farmers and chefs talk about the dishes being served and answer questions from guests. The next interactive dinner will be held Friday, Sept.14 at 7 p.m.
For Laurie Ten Eyck, general manager of Indian Ladder Farms, a main reason to put on a festival like this is to " establish a gathering spot for those interested in the local food issue, and the synergy of getting all those people together in one place."
For information on the local food festival or Indian Ladder Farms events, visit the Web site at www.indianladderfarms.com or call 765-2956.
For more information on Marche` Restaurant at 74 State Street, visit the Web site at www.74state.com, or call 694-9178.
For more information on Brown Cow Ice Cream, call 568-2876.
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text:
Various monofilament dental tapes with substantive coatings including: solutions of block copolymers and non-ionic surfactants, melt emulsions of waxes emulsified in surfactants and inverse melt emulsions of surfactants emulsified in a continuous wax phase, and their methods of manufacture are described.
1. Monofilament dental tapes coated with a substantive coating comprising:
a melt solution comprising a water soluble wax and block copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide in ratios from between about 90:10 to 10:90; and
at least one multi-functional ingredient, wherein the coating remains flexible and substantially free from flaking prior to use.
2. The monofilament dental tapes of
3. The monofilament dental tapes of
4. The monofilament dental tapes of
5. The monofilament dental tapes of
6. The monofilament dental tapes of
7. The monofilament dental tapes of
8. The monofilament dental tapes of
9. The monofilament dental tapes of
10. The monofilament dental tapes of
11. The monofilament dental tapes of
12. The monofilament dental tapes of
13. The monofilament dental tapes of
14. The monofilament dental tapes of
15. The monofilament dental tapes of
16. The monofilament dental tapes of
17. A method of coating monofilament dental tapes with the substantive coating of
forming a melt solution comprising a water soluble wax and block copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide in ratios from between about 90:10 to 10:90; and
passing a virgin monofilament dental tape through the melt solution.
18. The method of
19. The method of
20. Monofilament dental tapes coated with a substantive coating comprising:
a melt emulsion comprising at least one surfactant, at least one surface energy modifying agent, and a coating agent, wherein the ratio of surfactant to surface energy modifying agent as from between about 2:1 to about 4:1, wherein the coating remains flexible and substantially free from flaking prior to use.
21. The monofilament dental tapes of
22. The monofilament dental tapes of
23. The monofilament dental tapes of
24. The monofilament dental tapes of
25. The monofilament dental tapes of
26. The monofilament dental tapes of
27. The monofilament dental tapes of
28. The monofilament dental tapes of
29. The monofilament dental tapes of
30. The monofilament dental tapes of
31. The monofilament dental tapes of
32. The monofilament dental tapes of
33. A method of coating monofilament dental tapes with the melt emulsion of
providing a virgin monofilament dental tape; and
introducing the monofilament dental tape to a pressure roller having a nip, wherein the nip has bubble comprising a melt emulsion comprising at least one surfactant and at least one surface energy modifying agent, wherein the ratio of surfactant to surface energy modifying agent is from between about 2:1 to about 4:1, and wherein the melt emulsion is maintained on the monofilament dental tape by pressure adhesion.
34. The method of
35. The method of
36. The method of
37. The method of
38. Monofilament dental tapes coated with a substantive coating comprising:
an inverse melt emulsion comprising a wax and a surfactant in a ratio from about 80:20 to 98:2, wherein the wax encapsulates the surfactant; and
at least one multi-functional ingredient, wherein the coating remains flexible and substantially free from flaking prior to use.
39. The monofilament dental tapes of
40. The monofilament dental tapes of
41. The monofilament dental tapes of
42. The monofilament dental tapes of
43. The monofilament dental tapes of
44. The monofilament dental tapes of
45. The monofilament dental tapes of
This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 09/935,920, filed Aug. 23, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,545,077. That application claims priority from the following copending U.S. Provisional Patent Applications—U.S. Ser. Nos. 60/227,244, 60/227,255 and 60/227,433, each filed Aug. 23, 2000, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference.
Monofilament dental tapes traditionally have focused on improving their primary consumer benefits of reduced "shredding" and reduced breakage during flossing while falling short on a range of product attributes generally associated with various releasable coatings applied to these monofilament tapes. These coating-related attributes included: hi-impact flavor, mouth feel, cleaning and "hand" of the coated tape. These attributes generally require coatings at from between about 20% by weight of the monofilament tape and about 120% by weight of the tape.
Monofilament interproximal devices are described and claimed in: U.S. Pat. Nos. Re 35,439; 3,800,812; 4,974,615; 5,760,117; 5,433,226; 5,479,952; 5,503,842; 5,755,243; 5,845,652; 5,884,639; 5,918,609; 5,962,572; 5,998,431; 6,003,525; 6,083,208; 6,148,830; 6,161,555; and 6,027,592, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference. These dental tapes generally have serious shortcomings in gentleness, in delivering coatings during flossing and in being handled easily and conveniently during flossing.
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) based interproxunal devices are described in: U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,209,251; 5,033,488; 5,518,012; 5,911,228; 5,220,932; 4,776,358; 5,718,251; 5,848,600; 5,878,758; and 5,765,576. To date, no commercial versions of these tapes have been coated effectively and cannot be used to deliver active ingredients, interproximally and subgingivally during flossing. Handling during flossing Is difficult. Most have to be folded to provide a consumer acceptable edge. Many are plagued with serious dimensional inconsistency problems, as well.
Most monofilament tapes and particularly the PTFE tapes are difficult to coat with "releasable coatings" at these relatively high levels, particularly when the coatings are required to be substantially free from flaking. Copending Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/263,220 is directed to crystalline-free releasable coatings for PTFE and other monofilament tapes that are substantially free from flaking. The teachings of this application are incorporated herein by reference.
Heretofore, coatings for dental flosses and dental tapes have traditionally been comprised of microcrystalline wax and a small amount of flavor. Occasionally trace amounts of "active ingredients" such as fluoride, CPC or triclosan are added. The content of each of these additives in the coating is limited to the solubility of the desired ingredients in the wax. An additional limitation of this traditional coating approach is that the flavor remains trapped inside the wax and is not available to the oral cavity or interproximal spaces during flossing. Even if the wax is mechanically removed from the floss or tape by flossing very little of the wax-trapped ingredient content makes contact with the oral cavity. In spite of the great sensitivity of taste buds and olfactory nerves, these "trapped" flavors are barely perceptible.
Hill et al. disclose a series of coating agents for multifilament dental flosses as distinguished from monofilament tapes (see U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,911,927; 5,057,310; 5,098,711; 5,165,913 and 5,711,935). These coating agents basically rely on emulsifiable ingredient consisting of a suitable surfactant, such as a poloxamer (Pluronic F-127) and a "coating agent" which is insoluble in, but emulsifiable by the surfactant in its molten state. These coating agents are typically very non-polar materials such as silicones (PDMS) or microcrystalline paraffin waxes. The teachings of the Hill, et al. patents are incorporated herein by reference.
Despite the utility of the Hill et al. coatings, their multi-functionality and commercial use in major brands and specialty professional multifilament flosses, the greatest draw-back of these melt-emulsion systems is the inherent viscosity characteristic of any emulsion, especially melt emulsions. These high viscosities necessitate a manufacturing process requiring specialized equipment to force the high viscosity melt either down into the multifilaments of the floss by means of "compression loading".
There are also many references and commercial embodiments of the use of so-called water soluble waxes, primarily high molecular weight polyethylene glycols (PEGs), to coat dental flosses and tapes. The primary function of the PEG is to serve as a saliva soluble carrier for small amounts of flavor and other additives. The advantage of a PEG coating is that its melt viscosity is low and low levels of coating can be added with very simple mechanisms requiring little need for attention by an operator. The most common of these is a simple rolling wheel, the lower one-third of which is immersed in the molten PEG, and the floss or tape is pulled across the top of the wheel, thereby picking up a small quantity of the molten PEG coating agent.
There are many shortcomings of the simple water-soluble wax (PEG) coated flosses and tapes. Among them:
The present invention is directed to substantive coatings for monofilament tapes that are neither described nor suggested by the noncrystalline coatings described in copending Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/263,220. These substantive coatings for monofilament tapes comprise:
One preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises the various substantive coatings for monofilament dental tapes described herein.
Other preferred embodiments of the invention comprise the various processes for coating monofilament dental tapes with substantive coatings described herein.
A further preferred embodiment of the invention comprises the monofilament dental tapes which include a wide range of substantive coatings, as taught herein.
These and other embodiments of the invention are described in detail below.
A: Monofilament Tape Coatings Comprising Solutions of Block Copolymers and Nonionic Surfactant Polyethylene Glycols:
It has been found that certain solution coated monofilament dental tapes of the present invention surprisingly have a high level of flavor released when flossing, and furthermore, exhibit unexpected flexibility and attachment during subsequent winding steps. Block co-polymers, such as PLURONIC� F-127, are formulated in a range of from 48 to 90 percent by melting along with 47 to 7 percent by weight of the non-ionic surfactant polyethylene glycol 1450. Flavors are utilized from 2 to 17 percent by weight.
The melt solution coated monofilament dental tapes of the present Invention surprisingly have a high level of flavor released when flossing, while exhibiting unexpected flexibility and attachment during subsequent winding steps. In contrast, coatings utilizing a single non-Ionic surfactant have exhibited less than desirable retention on the dental tape with extensive flaking off.
A general purpose "chemical base" is first formed from a solution of a water-soluble wax (PEG or similar substances) and a PEG-soluble surfactant (such as a poloxamer typified by PLURONIC� F-127 supplied by BASF). This is made by melting and combining the two ingredients with a ratio ranging from 90:10 to 10:90. Preferably, the ratio of PEG to surfactant ranges from 80:20 to 20:80. The range will vary dependent upon the nature and chemistry of the other ingredients required, the flexibility of the finished coating desired, and the processing equipment chosen. Dental flosses and dental tapes will also require different variations within the specified ranges to accommodate the different surface free energies and surface areas.
To the above solution or "chemical base", one or more of the following multi-functional ingredients are added. The value of this invention is seen in the increased quantities, number of ingredients and variety of chemistries accommodated by the unique solution of neutral and surfactant water-soluble polymers.
This embodiment of the present invention will be further illustrated with reference to Examples 1 and 2 which will aid in the understanding of the present invention, but which are not to be construed as limitations thereof. All percentages reported herein, unless otherwise specified, are percent by weight. All temperatures are expressed in degrees Celsius.
The block co-polymer Pluronic F-127, at 3040 grams, was melted with stirring at 90� C. The non-ionic surfactant polyethylene glycol (PEG) 1450, at 1545 grams was added with stirring at a rate to form an emulsion-free solution. Insoluble saccharin, 115 grams, was added to the solution with stirring until dissolved. The solution was cooled to 75-80� C. and 300 grams of a peppermint flavor added with stirring. This solution was flaked after cooling to produce the final useable product. When dental tape is ready to be coated, the flakes are re-melted and the coating applied as described in detail below.
The solution was coated on an elastomeric tape FIBACLEAN� by Perident Company as described in copending application Ser. No. 09/330,491, incorporated herein by reference) bypassing the tape through a bath of the solution at 90� C. and excess quantity removed by means of a pair ofheated rollers set at 0.004 inches separation. The tape, with the solution having cooled, was then taken up on standard take-up winders. The resultant coating was flexible, had excellent taste properties and provided a load of about 15% of the virgin tape.
To the melt solution of Example 1 is added 100 grams of hydroxymethyl cellulose, 400 grams of rice powder (passing through 70 mesh) and 50 grams of cetyl pyridinium chloride (CPC). The tape was coated in a manner like Example 1 except the rollers were set at 0.005 inches apart. This resulted In a coating equal to about 30% of the virgin tape weight again with excellent flexibility and taste while containing the CPC and rice powder.
B: Monofilament Tape Coatings Comprising Melt Emulsions of Wax in a Continuous Surfactant Phase:
The coated monofilament tapes of this embodiment of the present invention can contain from about 30-120 mg of total chemotherapeutic ingredient(s) per yard on a standard 0.050 inch wide tape. Other widths will produce a correspondingly higher or lower range of loads as the width varies. Depending on the process parameters and formulation of the coating, the thickness of active ingredient on each side of the tape can vary from 0.001 to 0.005 inches. More typically, the thickness will range from between about 0.0015 and 0.0035 inches.
Materials with a very low surface free energy are described in layman's terms as "nothing sticks to it". Such is the case with prototypical monofilament tapes including PTFE-TEFLON� tapes. Other monofilament polymers such as polyethylene, polypropylene and various elastomers as described in the copending Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/263,220 have a similar description and slightly higher surface free energy than TEFLON�, but still low enough that adhesion is difficult for normally very adhesive substances. Given the low surface free energies of the various monofilament tape polymers, it is surprising that the melt-emulsions described in the referenced Hill patents can be used in this invention substantially free from "flaking off" either in process, packaging or user handling It is also unexpected that these melt-emulsion coatings also avoid the pitfall of inconsistent and patchy adherence. Heretofore, only very thin coatings with microcrystalline wax have been achieved in an ineffective attempt to reduce the tendency to slip in the hand and fingers.
It would be unobvious to one skilled in the art that a substantial melt emulsion coating of ingredients with a high percentage of surfactants (which normally cause solids to release from each other) could be made to adhere quite firmly to a monofilament tape, and remain substantially free of flaking. It is often advantageous to modify the surface free energy of these melt emulsions by incorporating specific "surface energy modifying" coating agents into the melt emulsions, either alone or with other coating agents such as polydimethyl-siloxane.
The use of various waxes such as microcrystalline petroleum waxes, bees wax, polyethylene waxes, carnauba and other natural waxes serves well in the matching of the surface energies of the tape polymer and the melt emulsion formulation. This matching of the surface energy is a major function in reducing or eliminating the "flaking off" and allowing the adherence of the agents to the tape through the manufacturing processes, packaging and handling by the user until it is released during flossing by the friction against the interproximal tooth surfaces and/or softened and dissolved by the crevicular and salival fluids.
The process for achieving the substantive coating of monofilament dental tapes with melt emulsions is itself a surprise, even to those well experienced in loading chemotherapeutic agents into multifilament yearns according to the teachings of Hill, et al. since the structure of the monofilament dental tape resists the compression loading of the melt emulsion by pushing it into the spread out interstitial spaces between the multifilaments, the process of the present invention would be more appropriately described as "pressure adhesion" where materials that normally do not stick or adhere together are induced by the pressures described herein to adhere to the monofilament tape.
The equipment and principles described in the various Hill, et al. patents are for the purpose of (1) spreading the filaments in the floss bundle, (2) incorporating as much melt emulsion as is feasible and finally, (3) forcing the maximum amount of melt emulsion between the filaments and surrounding each individual filament by compression loading with heated rollers with a gap of fixed dimensions to finally spread the filaments to their widest point. Upon leaving the rollers, the filament bundle re-assumes its round cross section and passes through a cooling section before being wound on cylinders.
The result of this process is that most of the melt emulsion agents are compressed "inside" the fiber bundle so that the outside feels dry and un-coated to the touch. In the case of multi-filament flosses, this spreading is quite visible at each stage of the compression loading and especially so in the nip of the heated roller where the bundle is several times wider on the exit side than on the entrance side and the "track" of melt-emulsion removed from the rollers and transferred to the floss is several times wider than the exiting bundle of fibers after they re-assume their round cross section.
In the case of the monofilament tapes, there is clearly no way to "spread" parts of the tape apart by compression without destroying the integrity of the tape. Further, there is no purpose to the repeated exposure to contact with the melt-emulsion. However, when the manufacturing process described in Hill et al., and especially its most preferred commercial embodiment—the use of heated compression loading rollers—is modified as described herein, there is in fact a phenomenon which can only be described as "pressure adhesion." There appears to be no physical room for compression of the monofilament tapes, nor any visible evidence of compression or flattening of the tapes, yet the load is adhered beyond what one would expect.
An excess (called a "bubble") of melt-emulsion is maintained at the nip of heated rollers (typically 100� C.-200� C.) by pumping and spreading the melt emulsion directly to the upper roller at a rate equal to or greater than the uptake on the monofilament tape as it passes through. This excess at the nip feeds the contacting lower roller as well as providing the reservoir for the pressure adhesion coating the incoming monofilament tape. The monofilament tape (in a typical case the tape is 0.0025 inches thick) is fed directly into the nip, passing through the "bubble" of melt-emulsion. The rollers are set at 0.002�0.0002 inches and maintained at that dimension under a roller face pressure of 1500 pounds. Other thickness monofilament tapes are accommodated by proportional adjustment of the roller gap.
Typically, in the use of heated rollers to coat tapes such as video tape or films used in medicament patches (such as nicotine or nitroglycerin) the roller gap is set equal to the sum of the tape/film thickness plus the desired coating thickness on each side. By setting a doctor blade on each roller (one or both rollers, depending on whether a one-side or two-side coat is desired) just before the nip and just after the introduction of the ingredient at a distance equal to the desired coating thickness, a very accurate amount of coating agent is uniformly applied by a process often called "doctoring on". In such a case the tape or film is said to "doctor off" the ingredient which coats the substrate and the exit side of the roller is wiped clean.
Using such a "doctoring off" method, as one skilled in the art would naturally tend to do, does not effectively produce as satisfactory a product when the tape is a low surface free energy material, i.e., a monofilament dental tape and the coating agent contains a large percentage of surfactant. By introducing a tremendous, almost incalculable amount of "adhesive" pressure at the nip with a roller gap actually narrower than the finished product, and applying an extremely viscous coating agent only possible with melt-emulsion physics, the inherent tendency of the low surface energy monofilament substrate to reject the high surfactant coating agent is overcome and pressure adhesive coatings are unexpectedly achieved at the surface of the various monofilament tapes.
The skilled artisan will appreciate the fact that the use of melt emulsion with "high tack" properties, or monofilament tapes constructed from high surface free energy polymers, would allow for production of satisfactory products with much lower roller pressures. Such a process falls within the scope of this embodiment of the invention. Heated rollers capable of generating pressures of 100 to 4000 pounds and roller gap settings from just smaller than the virgin monofilament tape to just smaller than the combined thickness of the virgin monofilament tape and added melt emulsion are within the teachings of this invention.
The mechanism by which this pressure adhesion exactly happens is not clearly understood, but one can postulate some mechanisms which helps one skilled in the art to develop variations on the examples cited here. However, the postulated mechanisms should not be construed to limit the present invention to the specifics of the proposed mechanisms.
From the examples below, it is evident that the finished product thickness (virgin monofilament tape+two sides coated) is several times greater than the roller gap through which the tape just passed. There is the possibility, of course, that the rollers are indeed spread further apart by the soft polymeric monofilament tape and or the fluid melt-emulsion. Accounting for more than three times the gap setting is difficult, since the phenomenon is observed when only one strand of monofilament tape (0.050 inches wide) is passed through the rollers. It is difficult to measure the gap "on the fly" since any calibrated "feeler gauge" metal would indeed force the rollers apart against 1500 pounds of pressure. But virgin monofilament tape inserted between the rollers outside the deckles (therefore not contacted by the melt-emulsion) while tape is being loaded between the deckles, exhibits the same degree of friction that it exhibits when the loading process is not underway. Were the gap actually spread from 0.002 to 0.006 inches, the monofilament tape would have almost no friction in the gap. Further, the melt-emulsion is a thixotropic fluid, thinning under shear. One would expect the thixotropic fluid to thin out to the point of exhaustion from the surface of the monofilament tape before clearing the nip. It may be that the shear-thinned melt-emulsion flows quickly back on the monofilament tape, leaving the exit side of the rollers with a stripe that is free of melt-emulsion exactly the width of the entering virgin monofilament tape.
One plausible postulate for the unusual binding ability imposed by the pressure adhesion process of this invention is that the combination of elevated temperatures (typically 100� C.-200� C.) and the pressures generated at the nip drives one of the fluid phases (either the discontinuous or the continuous phase) into the microscopic and submicroscopic crevices and fissures present in any polymeric monofilament substance. Thus trapped, the effective surface free energy of the monofilament tape is increased, and perhaps even matches that of the relatively thick coat of melt emulsion one finds at the end of the process. Such would give the coating a surface to which it would bind, much as a primer which penetrates the wood is used before painting. Such a mechanism would be well described as "pressure induced adhesion" and/or "pressure-adhesion" as used herein.
This embodiment of the present invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following examples which are not to be construed as limitations thereof. All percentages reported herein, unless otherwise specified, are percent by weight.
In the following examples, the tape was FIBACLEAN� from the Perident Company with a thickness of 0.0025 inches and a width of 0.050 in. See for example, PCT Publication No. WO 98/50607 and U.S. Ser. No. 09/330,491, the disclosure of which are incoiporated herein by reference. The heated rollers were set with a gap of 0.002″-0.0002″, temperatures ranged from 110� C.-150� C. depending on the melt-emulsion viscosity requirements.
(1) PDMS=polydimethylsiloxane at 2,500,00 cs viscosity combined with the PLURONIC� F-127 in the form of an ULTRAMULSION� as described in various Hill patents.
Coating in Example #4
Illustrative of the unusual ability of this product and process to hold the active ingredient coating tenaciously to the low surface energy tape is an experiment whereby the tape in Example #4 was commercially "stuffed" into a single dose packet by a mechanism patented by Arthur P. Corella and commercially practiced by APC Industries, Burbank, Calif. In this form-fill-seal process, the tape is pulled into a 22 inch cylinder with a � inch bore. Then the tape is compressed to the bottom with a TEFLON plunger where the tape assumes a tight, accordion pleat shaped "knot" about ⅜ inch long. It is then expelled into the formed packet. Finally, packet is sealed at the top just prior to the next cycle of the plunger. Absent the advantages of this invention, one would expect a substantial portion of the tape coating to flake off.
A chemical assay of the fluoride content of the original chemotherapeutic tape (1) as it was removed from the take-up winder package of the loading mechanism was compared with (2) the tape removed from the single dose packets.
The quantity of the surfactant or surfactant solution is less then that of the wax, so that any emulsion which forms has a continuous phase of insoluble wax surrounding a lesser quantity of spheres of the surfactant, or discontinuous phase. The ratio of wax (continuous phase) to surfactant (discontinuous phase) can be from 99:1 to 60:40 but more typically from 80:20 to 98:2 and preferable from 85:15 to 97:3.
The molten mixture is then emulsified by any suitable high shear mechanical device. One such common devise is a Greerco Homogenizer, which has the advantage of convenient size and portability for use in various melt tanks. However many high shear devices, including waxing blenders from the kitchen or in-line emulsifiers form the mayonnaise industry would also be suitable. The inverse emulsion, where the wax is on the outside, encapsulating the surfactant or surfactant solution, may in certain embodiments, coalesce and the finely divided spheres of surfactant re-aggregate into two distinct layers. In the manufacturing process, this is easily overcome by keeping the mechanical shear device running in the melt tank, and the discontinuous phase can only re-aggregate after the tape has cooled.
The surfactant chosen must be suitable for use in the oral cavity and meltable as liquid at the melt temperature conditions usually employed by manufacturing equipment for wax coating dental tapes and flosses. Further, it must be essentially insoluble in the wax itself. This is to prevent two formulations of a wax solution whose properties are greatly modified by the additives and either makes an unsuitable soft, slick or gummy coating, or cannot be processed on ordinary equipment. Further, an insoluble-in-wax surfactant does not make the wax itself soluble or dispensable in water, saliva and the like. For the wax to be dispersable in saliva, one must conform the exact opposite teachings of two previously referenced Hill et al. patents and disclosures.
It is a further advantage for this invention if the selected surfactant is capable of solubilizing other desired ingredients flavors and saccharin or other sweeteners. Those surfactants which, by solubility and equilibrium principles, hold the flavorants primarily within. The surfactants and spheres of the emulsion are preferred. Many surfactants will meet these requirements, especially non-ionic surfactants. The poloxamer class of surfactants, block copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, are particularly similar, non-surfactant molecules such as discontinuous phase downward. Conversely, surfactants which have high surfactant properties and are soluble in the poloxamer but not in the wax may be added to the poloxamer to increase the surfactant properties of the discontinuous phase.
While not limiting the scope of this invention to the proposed mechanisms of action, the beneficial nature of monofilament dental tapes coated with inverse emulsions this invention are thought to be due to (1) The insolubility in water, saliva and oral fluids of the continuous phase (i.e., the wax), (2) The additives of flavorants, sweeteners and the like are not "lost" to the sensory organs by reason of this dissolution into the insoluble wax and (3) The "make and break" of the spheres just below the surface of the insoluble wax as the tape or floss is worked into the interproximal spaces and against the tooth surfaces. This physical disruption releases small amounts of the derived agents into the oral cavity, producing flavor perceptions not deliverable by the standard methods of adding flavorants directly into the insoluble wax.
While the invention has been described with respect to specific examples including presently preferred modes of carrying out the invention, those skilled in the art will appreciate that there are numerous variations and permutations of the above described systems and techniques that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims.
Patent Citations
Referenced by
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|Raw rice
|2 Cup (32 tbs)
|Shredded coconut
|4 Cup (64 tbs)
|Cooked rice
|1 Cup (16 tbs)
|Yeast granules
|1 Pinch
|To Taste
|To Taste
Drain the soaked rice.
Add the coconut shavings and cooked rice to it.
Grind the mixture to make a thick paste.
Do not add excess water.
For better taste, substitute water with coconut water for grinding.
Combine the yeast granules.
Blend lightly.
Add sugar and salt according to taste.
Let it ferment for at least 6 hours at room temperature.
Heat a small non stick fry ing pan.
Pour about half a cup of the prepared batter.
Gently yet fast, turn the pan around.
Make sure that the edges get coated only with a thin layer while a thick layer gathers at the bottom.
Cover with a lid.
Cook on medium heat for about 3 minutes.
Wait till the sides become crispy and golden and the centre is soft and spongy.
Use a spatula to lift the appam.
Repeat the same process for making more appams.


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Late singer's 37-acre Lotusland is a botanical masterpiece
Her physician-husband died suddenly of a "stomach ailment" and three months later, the grieving Walska sailed on an ocean liner to Paris with friends. Onboard, she met carpet magnate Alexander Cochran, hailed by newspapers as "the richest bachelor in the world." Within hours he asked for her hand. She would eventually divorce the jealous lout and wed harvester tycoon Harold McCormick, who bought her a theater on the Champs Elysees in Paris where she sang when she wasn't throwing lavish parties at her château or overseeing production of Ganna Walska Perfume.
Hubbie No. 5 was an English physicist; the sixth and last was Theos Bernard, a New York-based yoga guru who was known as "The White Lama" and urged Walska in 1941 to buy a 37-acre estate in Montecito as a retreat for Tibetan monks. They called it Tibetland until their divorce a few years later — that's when Walska changed the name to Lotusland, after the aquatic perennials sacred in Eastern religions and floating in her pond.
Manless but bucks-up from her marriages, Walska "knew what she wanted to do with the rest of her life," Vasi said. Over the next four decades — for a time with Happy her cockatiel perched on her shoulder — she masterminded and cultivated an earthly showpiece for the public to indulge. The Earth, ironically, also scared her — fearful of a temblor, she resided in a single-story wing of her pink Mediterranean-style villa.
Walska ultimately gained more respect for her garden than for belting out arias (the audience hissed during her 1920s-era Paris debut in "Rigoletto"), but in creating Lotusland she evoked her glamour days of touring the U.S. and Europe. In the Aloe Garden, a kidney-shaped pool that brims in the summer with lotuses and water lilies is anchored by two cascading fountains of large South Pacific clam shells and ringed by abalone shells.
"People suggested she was creating a stage to replicate her singing career. The abalone shells are the footlights," Vasi said. (Indeed, one of her landscape architects lauded her for "using plants instead of paints for stage settings.")
Sometimes she would sing in the Theatre Garden, a grassy retreat with three tiers of sandstone benches, fern pine hedges that double as "wings" and more than 15 "grotesque" statues of little people. Six of those figures have their own dramatic history — Walska stashed them under a barn when she fled France because Hitler was encroaching; she went back after the war in 1945, dug them up and brought them to Lotusland.
"She had very strong opinions about what she wanted done," said Vasi, as we rounded corners that led from one adventure (a serene Japanese Garden adorned with crane sculptures wading in a pond) to the next (weird weeping euphorbias outside her home).
But then the visionary Walska, who is buried on her Lotusland, may have said it best. In a 1951 letter to a friend, she breathlessly wrote: "The place, meaning the gardens, is out of this world!"


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Affordable, low-maintenance seating.
Home Hardware offers colourful recycled plastic versions of the classic Adirondack chair. At this price, you might as well add some colourful throw cushions that are sure to elevate the look.
Addy Recycled Plastic Chair, 31" w. x 32" d. x 40.5" h. $300. At Home Hardware.
See more patio products in our High & Low Patio Finds Photo Gallery.
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With the help of the local Highway Departments from Old Forge, Inlet and Indian Lake, the DEC was able to keep the proposed roads open to travelers. The move made it feasible for hunters to enjoy another season in the Moose River Plains, just in time for the annual NYS Muzzleloaders Rendezvous, and also allowed leaf peepers to enjoy the fabulous fall foliage.
In researching the history of the Moose River Plains, which was originally acquired by NYS in the 1960's, I came across a letter written by Tom Monroe, the former DEC Region 5 Executive Director. It was interesting to note that the Moose River Plains was initially purchased by the state with sportsmen and women in mind.
In his correspondence, dated 11/16/77, Mr. Monroe explained,
"At the time of acquisition,..a big play was made by the department indicating the property was being acquired with hunters and fishermen in mind. To accomplish this end, the state acquired the property by two separate deeds (one for the property and one for the roads) The purpose of the second deed for the roads was so that access rights could be acquired as other than forest preserve and no one could question the maintaining of the roads for vehicular access. The deed for the roads states, " for the purpose of better promoting fish and wildlife conservation practice on adjacent lands."
Joe Hackett is a guide and sportsman residing in Ray Brook. Contact him at email@example.com
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You can now invite anyone to meet at your favorite Starbucks.
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27 year old woman | Boston, MA, USA | Seeking men 25-35 within 15 miles
Someone looking for a fellow someone to go out with and maybe more.
I am a social person with varied interests looking for someone who can go with the flow and plays well with others. I am a teacher, theatre artist, and singer who holds down 3 to 5 jobs at any given time. If you are an artist who knows that you still need to pay the bills, I would love to meet you. If you are a guy with a plan and know what you want out of life and are looking for nice lady to take along for the ride, I would also love to meet you. I am looking for someone to experiencing life with: the good, the bad, and the ugly. I am looking for a guy who can accept me for who I am with my personal brand of crazy. I am a work in progress and hope to meet someone who is also a work in progress, continual learning and growing are important in my life. Eating healthy and exercise are also important. While I enjoy a burger once in a while I would rather have some greens or a protein shake. I will try nearly anything once or twice but I am a scaredy cat when it comes to adrenaline type adventures, my normal response to if I will do it: "I chose life." I am not into Boston sports and I will not attend a game with you if you ask, if that is a deal breaker for you.
Alumni connections , Coffee and conversation , Cooking , Dining out , Hobbies and crafts , Movies/Videos , Museums and art , Music and concerts , Exploring new areas , Performing arts , Travel/Sightseeing , Wine tasting
Other types of exercise, Running, Weights / Machines, Yoga
I exercise 3-4 times per week.
I have Cats
I like Dogs
I have a very handsome cat named Blue, he is my main man and I love him more then life. I am kind of a crazy cat lady... If you are not into cats/allergic please look else where. If you love cats we will get along.
Very Liberal
Museum of Science, MFA, and all of the local theatres in and around Boston. I really enjoy walking/running around Jamaica Pond, the Arboretum, and the Southwest Corridor Park.
Emerson College, Boston, MA
Young Frankenstein, The Princess Bride, Big Bang Theory, Game of Thrones, Doctor Who, opera, musicals, vocal standards, peanut butter, coffee, tea, cheese, cooking
Well, I have very little fun time at the moment. When I do have time I enjoy walking around Boston, seeing movies, theatre and having dinner out. But most likely I am going to be at home cooking and reading or catching up on TV or Movies.
Currently in the middle of the "Song of Fire and Ice" series.
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
|What she is looking for
|5'7" (170cms)
|5'10" (177cms) to 8'11" (271cms)
|Body type:
|About average, Athletic and toned, A few extra pounds, Stocky
|No preference
|Dark brown
|No preference
|No Way
|No Way
|Social Drinker
|Social Drinker, Regularly
|Education / Teacher / Professor
|No preference
I work for a local theatre company and a local museum, I love both places and all the things I do with each of them,.
|I'll tell you later
|No preference
|Never Married
|Never Married
|Have kids:
|Wants kids:
|Not sure
|Definitely, Someday, Not sure, Probably not
|Latino / Hispanic, White / Caucasian
|No preference
|Agnostic, Atheist, Spiritual but not religious, Other
|Graduate degree
|Bachelors degree, Graduate degree, PhD / Post Doctoral
I have a Masters in Theatre Education, from Emerson College. Hope I can teach in a college some day. Currently looking into MFA programs.


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text:
Aux pates Fraiches: Surrender monkeys favourite food shop
Certain Americans (e.g the Shrub) may describe the French as cheese eating surrender monkeys - but what cheese !
And don't forget all the great pates and cured meats as well.
This little shop as a great selection and is displayed with style and artistry. They even have their own trendy liitle Smart car parked outside.
And to think : Napoleon called the British a nation of shopkeepers !
What to buy: Find some of the locally produced examples of cheeses and pates.
- Food and Dining
El Duendecillo: An unusual shop - not to everyones taste !
This shop comes very much into the 'other' category as it is a shop dedicated to bullfighting, and primarilly to the adulation of one Marc Serrano.
The shop contains some excellent works of art in various media, all on the bullfighting theme.
There are also very overpriced calendars, postcards and suchlike.
Whatever your views on the subject the artwork inspired by bullfighting certainly has some sort of 'edge' and is well worth exploring.
It is important to note that bullfighting (held in arena) comes in two forms here. The traditional 'Spanish' fights take place but also the Carmague variation where points are gained by trying to pull ribbons off the bull's horns - and the animal dosn't die !
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Africana & African Studies: 2009-2010
Africana Studies
Africana studies is a developing synthetic field that brings a global frame of reference and a variety of disciplinary perspectives to the study of Africa and the African Diaspora. Drawing on anthropology, economics, history, linguistics and literature, music, philosophy, political science and sociology, the field reflects processes of emancipation, decolonization and development—against a background of international economic change—in Africa itself and in societies worldwide with populations of African origin.
Africana Requirements
Africana studies is a bi-college program, offered as a minor at Bryn Mawr or as an area of concentration at Haverford. Requirements for the program: (1) Independent College Programs 101a, "Introduction to African and Africana Studies"/History 102a "Introduction to Africana Civilizations"; (2) five more courses from the list reproduced in the college catalogs, or from a list of new courses periodically approved; (3) at least one of these courses must deal with the African Diaspora; (4) a senior thesis or seminar length essay in an area of Africana studies. Students are urged to include in their program courses beyond the introductory level that deal with continental Africa and the African Diaspora. Successful completion of the Africana studies minor/concentration is noted on student transcripts at graduation.
Students majoring in a department that requires a thesis satisfy the requirement by writing on a topic approved by his or her department and by the coordinator[s] of the Africana studies program. If the major department does not require a thesis, an equivalent written exercise that is a seminar-length essay is required. The essay may be written within the framework of a particular course or as an independent study project. The topic must be approved by the instructor in question and by the coordinator[s] of the Africana studies program.
In addition to meeting these common requirements, students concentrating in Africana studies at Haverford College must also satisfy a distribution requirement. Of the six courses they take, at least two, but no more than three, must be taken in their home department; the remaining three to four courses must be taken in at least two other departments. Independent College Programs 101a, "Introduction to African and Africana Studies"/History 102a "Introduction to Africana Civilizations", provides a foundation and a frame of reference for advanced work. Students are advised to enter the Africana studies program by taking this course as early as possible and to complete it by the end of the junior year.
Africana Coordinators
At Haverford:
Assistant Professor of Political Science Susanna Wing
At Bryn Mawr College:
Associate Professor of History Kalala Ngalamulume
African Studies
Haverford and Bryn Mawr Colleges, along with the University of Pennsylvania and Swarthmore College, are members of the African Studies Consortium. The four institutions have established an Undergraduate Center for African Studies, headquartered at the University of Pennsylvania. The center is supported in part by the U.S. Department of Education. Consortium resources allow students on the four campuses to pursue a wide variety of interests in African studies.
African Studies Requirements
Independent College Programs 101a, Introduction to African and Africana Studies/History 102a Introduction to Africana Civilizations, is the foundation course for African studies as well as for the Africana studies program at Haverford and Bryn Mawr Colleges. The course is suitable for first-year students, utilizes on-site resources of the four campuses, and enrolls undergraduates from all four institutions. This course is co-taught each year by two instructors from different disciplines.
A full African studies program includes the introductory foundation course; study of an African language or languages; study abroad at an African university; and advanced course work on Africa at any of the four institutions.
African languages are regularly offered at the University of Pennsylvania (Yoruba, Hausa, Amharic, Wolof, Swahili) and Bryn Mawr College (Introductory Swahili).
Haverford and Bryn Mawr Colleges regularly sponsor public talks about African issues, featuring visiting African scholars from several disciplines.
African Studies Coordinators
At Haverford:
Assistant Professor of Political Science Susanna Wing
At Bryn Mawr College:
Associate Professor of History Kalala Ngalamulume
Courses at Haverford College
205 Social Anthropology
247b Anthropology and Literature: Ethnography of Black South African Writing 1888-1988
249b Colonialism, Law, and Human Rights in Africa
327 Ritual, Performance and Symbolic Practice
124 Perspectives in Biology - Tropical Infectious Diseases
129 Perspectives in Biology - Vexations of Vaccines
270b Portraits in Black
275a Thinking Globally, Writing Locally: Anglophone Caribbean Literature
276b Literature and Politics of South African Apartheid
281g Fictions of Empire
361b Topics in African-American Literature
250 Introduction aux littératures francophones (Cross-listed in Comparative Literature)
255g Cinema Francais/Francophone et Colonialisme (Cross-listed in Comparative Literature)
312 Advanced Topics: "Sembène Ousmane: écrivain et cinéaste sénégalais" (Cross-listed in Comparative Literature)
101a Introduction to African and Africana Studies
243a African American Political and Social Thought: Black Modernism, 1895-1945
343a Black Paris: Art and Ideology in a Modernist Diaspora, 1925-1975
227a Jazz and the Politics of Culture
232a African-American Philosophy
233 Philosophy and Race
123b American Politics: Difference and Discrimination
230 The Politics of Genocide: Deterring, Overcoming, Terminating
235a African Politics
247b Political Economies in Developing Countries
132b Varieties of African American Religious Experience
137 Black Religion and Liberation Theology
155 Themes in the Anthropology of Religion
169 Black Religion and Liberation Thought: An Introduction
214 Prophetic Imaginations in the American Tradition
231a Religious Themes in African-American Literature
242b Topics in African American Religious History
245b Slavery, Catechism, and Plantation Missions in Antebellum America
330a Seminar: Religious History of African American Women
332 Seminar: Theoretical Approaches to the Study of Black Religion
347b Souls of Black Folk: Du Bois and the Problem of Religion
235b Class, Race, and Education
340b The Moor in Spanish Literature
223 Anthropology of Dance
228 East African Social/Political/Cultural Development
253 Childhood in the African Experience
101 Introduction to Egyptian and Near Eastern Archaeology
230 Archeology and History of Ancient Egypt
314 Economics of Poverty and Discrimination
200 Critical Issues in Education
210 Language/Power/Advocacy in Education
266 Schools in American Cities
207 Big Books of American Literature: Representing the Intersections of Nation, Class, Race, Gender
217 Latina/o Literature and Culture
218 Law and Literature
234 Postcolonial Literature in English
246 Pan-African Women Writers
262 African-American Literature
255 Counter-Cinema
279 Modern African Fiction
331 Queer Theory/Queer Literature
343 Translating America
369 Women Poets: Rich, Brooks, Plath
379 The African Griotte
392 National Bodies
207 Missionnaires et Cannibales
320 La France et ses Orients
103 Introduction to Swahili Language and Culture I
105 Introduction to Swahili Language and Culture II
237 Urbanization in Africa
102 Introduction to Africana Civilizations
200 European Expansion and Competition
202 American History: Civil War to Present
235 Africa Since 1800
237 Urbanization in Africa
245 Recent U.S. History
265 American Colonial Encounters
323 Topics in African History
357 Topics in British Empire: Early Modern Pirates
243 African/Caribbean Perspectives in World Politics
102 The New African Diaspora
215 Challenges and Dilemmas of Diversity
217 The Family in Social Context
225 Women in Society
314 Immigrant Experiences
350 Movements for Social Justice in the US
215 La Literatura Afro-Hispanica
255b Rhetoric of Slavery, Visions and Revisions


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A New Grouping of Nations Forming in the Middle East
Why the Dems Can't Get It
I am a big fan of John Hinderaker over at Powerline, and you can see why if you read one of his latest, this one about the Democrats' lack of any sort of coherent national security policy. Here is the essence of it:
Democrats are incapable of devising a coherent strategy for dealing with (our problems), and seemingly don't even try to do so. The charitable explanation is that they are incompetent. But perhaps it is because they aren't sure what their desired ends are. Do they want the U.S. to win? Do they want us to be powerful, prosperous, influential and successful? That is not a hard question for most Americans, but it is for leading Democrats like Obama and Clinton. If you don't know the answer to that question, then coming up with a strategy is tough. That, I suspect, is what we have seen for the last six or seven years.
It's the basic question about the Obama administration (Hinderaker however is focused on Hillary Clinton and her failed Libyan actions): is the long list of foreign policy failures due to stupidity and incompetence, or to some sort of purposeful malevolence?
I think this question is invariably framed too narrowly. I think that we are dealing with the result of the collapse of an entire world view, and that collapse has left the Democrats without any guiding principles. Their old templates, from class struggle to capitalist imperialism, no longer apply to the real world. The most potent forces in play are those the left has never understood. Religion above all.
They used to favor the poor countries, ergo they advocated foreign aid galore and all power to the UN. Neither is working out. They will never forgive us for winning the Cold War, thereby ending their utopian dream that the Soviet Union would truly become the successful incarnation of "real socialism." And instead of class interest, most people pursue narrower goals, motivated by passions, like religion, which leftists believe archaic. You know, redneck stuff like guns and bourbon. Except that now, religion is the most dynamic force in the world, for good and for ill. This frustrates and angers them, since, unable to make sense of the world, they can't craft policies that make sense.
Who Is IS?
Who are they anyway? IS, the Islamic State, that is.
There are two big components: religious fanatics and totalitarian leaders. The secret of IS' success lies in combining the two ideologies and methods of enlisting and controlling millions of people. Sometimes the two merge in fanatical leaders, as took place in the latter years of Saddam's Iraq (the dictator himself had a personal imam, even). Caliph Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi seems a case in point. This appears to be rare, however; for the most part the Islamic Staters are one or the other, with fanatics populating the rank-and-file and politburo-style regime builders dominating the elite. We hear a lot about the faithful, but not so much about the nomenklatura. Here's a look-see at what we might call the caliphate's political class.
IS recruits and operate globally, but their leaders are mostly Iraqi, drawn from Saddam's Baathist armed forces and intelligence services. The same Saddam who was in constant cahoots with the Soviet Union, whose Baathist rule copied much of Soviet practice, and whose top military officers and spooks were often trained by the Soviets themselves.
The Baathist makeup of IS' leadership is well known. Listen to the Weekly Standard:
the last two heads of ISIS's military council were officers under Saddam, as was the current head of ISIS's military operations, Adnan al-Sweidawi, also known as Abu Ayman al-Iraqi, who worked as a colonel in Saddam's air defense intelligence unit. Other former Saddam loyalists have fought alongside ISIS. They include Jaysh Rijal al-Tariqah al-Naqshbandiyah (JRTN), a well-trained group of former Iraqi intelligence and army officers, led by Ibrahim Izzat al-Douri, a former high-level Baath party official. Douri was the king of clubs in the U.S.-led coalition's deck of playing cards of most-wanted Iraqi officials,
Or listen to the Washington Post: "It was under the watch of the current Islamic State leader, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, that the recruitment of former Baathist officers became a deliberate strategy, according to analysts and former officers."
If those are the guys running IS, maybe there's a Russian connection?
AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL FOOTNOTE: In the years following our invasion of Iraq in 2003, as I became aware of the massive Iranian campaign to kill Americans there, I once commented to a senior Pentagon official: "You know, I'll bet the Russians are involved in this." He gave me a very quick, intense look, and said, "Absolutely. Big time!" Keep in mind that Iraq and Syria constitute a single battlefield.
Recent documentary evidence supports this hypothesis. The German magazine Der Spiegel recently published a lengthy analysis, based on a set of IS documents dating to the creation (2013) of the organization's current structure in Syria. The "architect" of the Islamic State, known mostly as Haji Bakr, laid out his blueprint in considerable detail. As Spiegel puts it,
What Bakr put on paper, page by page, with carefully outlined boxes for individual responsibilities, was nothing less than a blueprint for a takeover. It was not a manifesto of faith, but a technically precise plan for an "Islamic Intelligence State" — a caliphate run by an organization that resembled East Germany's notorious Stasi domestic intelligence agency.
Bakr accompanied the blueprint with a set of rules for recruiting the leaders, and it indeed reads like a manual for a Stalinist state.
The group recruited followers under the pretense of opening a Dawah office, an Islamic missionary center. Of those who came to listen to lectures and attend courses on Islamic life, one or two men were selected and instructed to spy on their village and obtain a wide range of information. To that end, Haji Bakr compiled lists such as the following:
List the powerful families.
- Name the powerful individuals in these families.
- Find out their sources of income.
- Name names and the sizes of (rebel) brigades in the village.
- Find out the names of their leaders, who controls the brigades and their political orientation.
- Find out their illegal activities (according to Sharia law), which could be used to blackmail them if necessary.
The spies were told to note such details as whether someone was a criminal or a homosexual, or was involved in a secret affair, so as to have ammunition for blackmailing later. "We will appoint the smartest ones as Sharia sheiks," Bakr had noted. "We will train them for a while and then dispatch them." As a postscript, he had added that several "brothers" would be selected in each town to marry the daughters of the most influential families, in order to "ensure penetration of these families without their knowledge."
(Not) Defeating ISIS and Iran
Policy-making by committee rarely works well, as the five-man team at the Washington Institute demonstrates to near perfection. The quintet of (truly) distinguished policy-makers has produced something termed a Strategy to Defeat ISIS and Iran, but it does neither. I've been through it several times and can't find a single proposal that would "defeat" either one. In fact, at one point Messrs Hadley, Ross, Jeffrey, Berger and Satloff state quite categorically that while we might prevail militarily against ISIS,
…military action is only one dimension; ISIL cannot be defeated unless it is also discredited. Only Muslims can undermine ISIL's fanatical ideology, and they must take the lead in doing so.
Whenever I read such language—which is not rare—I have to suppress a scream, because a lot of the history of 20th century totalitarianism shows that fanatical ideologies (fascism, Nazism and communism, for example) were fatally undermined by military defeat. Both IS and the Iranian regime claim their imperialism is blessed by Allah. Their military success is attributed to the support of the Almighty. If they are defeated, especially by infidel American, or American-led fighters, what does that do to the ideology? Did Allah go over to the other side?
I don't think we, or anyone else, is going to "defeat" IS or Iran by "discrediting" their crazed ideology. To be sure, I do think we would do well to endorse Egyptian President al Sisi's call for a radical transformation of Islamist doctrines. The Islamists are nuts, they've wrecked two big countries in the Middle East so far (Egypt under the Brotherhood, and Iran under the mullahs), and we should say so. Most Iranians and Egyptians know it, we won't shock them.
Oddly, given all this attention to the centrality of ideology, when it comes to Iran the quintet retreats into pure, almost pidgin geopolitics:
The most powerful elements in Iran today still see the United States as their enemy. This is not simply because of a conspiratorial mind-set about American determination to subvert the Islamic Republic, but also because they see America as the main impediment to their domination of the region.
This verges on disrespect for the doctrines of the Islamic Republic. Never mind "death to America!" chanted by people who look at us as the Great Satan. It's all about regional hegemony. Why, then, bother with "discrediting" the doctrines?
There's still the need for defeating IS and Iran, to demonstrate their doctrinal failures. But you won't find any such strategy in the five-handed concerto. Instead, the language is very diplomatic, as you'd expect from former diplomats and policy makers. They say we need a new Syria policy, which we certainly do, but instead of "defeating" IS in Syria, they talk about creating a (Sunni) coalition to "marginalize" it.
And what is this strategy?
US Hostage on Trial in Tehran
To its credit, the Washington Post continues to denounce the Iranian regime's detention of its Tehran correspondent, Jason Rezaian, and we now learn that the Rezaian family is taking legal action in Iranian courts to gain his freedom. That's not likely to help Rezaian; after all, it's the Iranian judiciary that has locked him in Tehran's infamous Evin Prison and will today put him on trial in front of a judge best known for issuing death sentences.
Hostages are valuable negotiating chips, and you can be sure that the three known Americans—including an Evangelical priest and a retired Marine officer, both of dual citizenship—are elements in the US-Iran talks formally about the Iranian nuclear weapons program. Indeed, when President Obama talked by phone with Iranian President Rouhani a while back, he explicitly raised the hostage question.
Sad to say, taking hostages works for the Islamic Republic, as it does for other terrorists. Just think for a moment about the various rescue operations by our special forces, and think of the swap of jailed Taliban (?)terrorists for one American soldier of dubious character and loyalty.
I'm often asked why are these poor souls suffering in captivity in Tehran? The short answer is, "that's what they do." They stockpile Western hostages, and then make them part of broader negotiations. At the moment there are several Iranians and Iranian/Americans in US prisons, convicted for the most part of involvement in operations to obtain high tech for the nuclear weapons program. I'm told that Tehran wants them back home, and that they dangle the American hostages as swaps. They know, despite all the pious rhetoric to the contrary, that we and most everyone else will negotiate for the release of our hostages.
And they love to kill Americans, don't forget that, even though dead hostages aren't worth as much as living ones. On the other hand, knowing this, they conceal hostages' deaths, as, I sadly believe, they have in the case of Robert Levinson, the former FBI agent who has disappeared in Iran.
In the case of Rezaian, there may be a more specific motive. The WaPo editorialists have been very tough on Iran, tougher than those of other leading US newspapers. Only the Post has said, clearly, that you can't expect an end to the Iranian nuke program without regime change in Tehran. The mullahs read our papers quite carefully (they read PJM carefully, too, as reflected in their repeated attacks on me and other critics of the regime), and the Rejaian arrest may well be a simple reprisal.
They arrest their own journalists, too. And lock them away for years. And then exile them to remote corners of the country, as demonstrated in the recent case of Ahmad Zeidabadi. That might well be the template for Rejaian, pending satisfactory ransom.
Or regime change.
Obama, the Jews, the Muslims, and Us
I don't believe that any other American president has spent so much time talking to and about Jews as Obama. It all began in the very first months of his presidency — in August, 2009 — when he called 1000 rabbis, lobbying for support for Obamacare. It was a full month before the High Holy Days, when Jews pray for a year of life and good health, and the president remarked that "we are God's partners in matters of life and death."
That was a considerable misstatement, for in these matters, Jews are supplicants, not partners. Two months earlier, Obama had similarly distorted the nature of Zionism. In his speech to the Muslim world in Cairo, he maintained that Israel's right to exist derived from the oppression of Jews for many centuries. But Zionist leaders always insisted that modern Israel's legitimacy rests on millennia of history: it is the restoration of a Jewish state that was promised by the Almighty to Abraham, entrusted to Moses, conquered by Joshua, and ruled by David, Solomon, and their successors.
So the president isn't very well informed about Judaism or Zionism, yet he is forever lecturing Jews and Israelis about what is really best for them, as if he had some special insight. It is no accident that Obama is the only American president to write an introduction to the official military Jewish prayer book, prepared by U.S. chaplains. All previous presidents had left such matters up to the rabbinate.
He is forever presenting himself as a great friend of the Jews and a fervent supporter of Israel, Zionism and Judaism. But the "Zionism" he praises is a left-wing version of the original movement, and he chose to give a speech about it at a decidedly leftist synagogue in Washington, whose rabbi — a recently self-proclaimed gay whose wife swiftly divorced him — conveniently blessed Obamazionism: "While he doesn't speak as a Jew, his progressive values flow directly out of the core messages of Torah, and so he is deeply in touch with the heart and spirit of the Jewish people."
Obama's supporters swallow it with hardly a demurral. Jeffrey Goldberg of the Atlantic has called him "the first Jewish president," and seems to think that Obama's "Zionism" is heartfelt. Yet when Obama speaks of the Israel that inspires him, it's clear that his parameters are not religious at all, but either purely political (as when he praises the kibbutzim, a failed agrarian socialist experiment that produced many of the early Israeli leaders), very controversial (Moshe Dayan, who was not religious, who referred to himself as a "Mesopotamian," and was a celebrated thief of artifacts from the Israel Museum), or totally misunderstood by the president, as Eli Lake has pointed out in the case of Golda Meir.
He isn't very good on Islam and Muslims either, and he's positively weird on anti-Semitism. His June, 2009 speech to the "Muslim world" in Cairo praised Islam's tradition of tolerance, a tradition that doesn't exist. He does not seem to know about the doctrine of dhimmitude, which at best relegates non-Muslims to second-class status, and levies special taxes on them. His complaints about Israeli security measures that annoy the Palestinians aren't matched by complaints about Palestinians murdering Jews. His Orwellian instructions to avoid saying things like "radical Islam" and his frequent reference to the "Holy Koran" (with no corresponding adjective for the Christian Bible or the Torah) suggest intellectual ignorance and political/religious bias.
Antisemitism is either ignored or "explained away." When Jews were gunned down in a kosher market in Paris by outspoken Jew-haters, the president's gut reaction was to call it "random." And his disquisition about Iranian anti-Semitism defies deconstruction.
Well the fact that you are anti-Semitic, or racist, doesn't preclude you from being interested in survival. It doesn't preclude you from being rational about the need to keep your economy afloat; it doesn't preclude you from making strategic decisions about how you stay in power; and so the fact that the supreme leader is anti-Semitic doesn't mean that this overrides all of his other considerations. You know, if you look at the history of anti-Semitism, Jeff, there were a whole lot of European leaders — and there were deep strains of anti-Semitism in this country –
How to parse all that? The whole point of Jew-hatred is that its believers are convinced that the Jews are a threat to their survival. Antisemitism has often overwhelmed "all other considerations." He badly needs some remedial reading in this area, as the last sentence demonstrates. He trots out the old nonsense about moral equivalency, equating Khamenei with "a whole lot of European leaders" and (never to let the Americans off hook) "deep strains of anti-Semitism in this country."
The Real Fatwa
Iran pundits know that serious undertakings by the regime require specific authorization from the supreme leader, Obama's pen pal Ali Khamenei. An excellent Iranian source, with an excellent track record on such matters, informs me that the supreme leader issued a fatwa on April 14th to two of Iran's most powerful killers, Generals Mohammad — Ali Jafari (head of the Revolutionary Guards), and Qassem Suleimani (head of the Quds Force), authorizing them to take any and all actions to destroy the Saudi royal family and its regime.
It's a big deal. According to this account, Khamenei authorized Jafari and Suleimani to work with non-Shi'a forces in the kingdom (most Iranian subversion to date has focused on the oil-rich eastern provinces, which are heavily Shi'a), and, as in the case of supporting Syrian dictator Bashar al-Assad, there are no restrictions on budget or tactics. Khamenei has been quite outspoken of late on the Saudis, and you can hear echoes of the fatwa in a recent speech (barely a week afterwards).
I think you can also see its effect in the recent Iranian moves against ships in the Persian Gulf, which is a direct threat to the kingdom's lifeline to its customers in the West.
Khamenei's move against the royal family is quite audacious, and could bespeak several very different convictions. He might believe that the strategic tide is running in his favor, and hence the moment favors a dramatic push against the Sunni king. Contrariwise, Khamenei might be concerned that things are going badly, and thus that he needs some spectacular victory to rally his own people and the turbulent jihadis in the region.
The biggest sign that things are going swimmingly comes from Washington, where the Obama willingness to favor, or at least tolerate, most any Iranian advance or demand has long since transcended shame and transmogrified into parody. When Pentagon lawyers coughed up the outrageous view that our defense pact with the Marshall Islands doesn't require us to do a thing for their captured ship and hostage sailors (except maybe pay off the mullahs, I suppose), it removed all doubt that we were the pulling guard for Iran's end-run around law and order when and where they wish.
Having confirmed that Washington is still on his side, Khamenei dispatched Foreign Minister Zarif to New York, where he unburdened himself of a series of insults and peremptory barks at the United States. As Matthew Continetti of the Washington Free Beacon rightly stresses, most leading American commentators were enchanted by Zarif's outrage, but we're not. It's a very bad sign, illustrating Tehran's recognition that the regime has won the battle for Washington, and our feckless elite's rushing to the winning side.
They shouldn't be so confident. Certainly Khamenei has plenty of bad news. I discuss the domestic disaster here, and that's only the beginning of the dark cloud over the supreme leader's downtown palace. The seemingly relentless march of the Iranian hegemon across the Middle East and big chunks of Africa is stalled, blocked, or actually losing. Unexpectedly, some would say. All of a sudden we hear that "Assad may fall," and the attendant rumors that Iran is considering alternatives in Syria (disinformation, as I see it, since Khamenei has long since told Jafari and Suleimani to go all in for Assad, whatever the cost in Iranian treasure [much of it Khamenei's own money] and flesh). Hezbollah was sent on to the Syrian battlefield, and it hasn't been fun. Indeed, things are so bad that the regime has been trying to conceal the body count:
Thus far there are no official numbers for Hezbollah fatalities in Syria. In the progression from the secret burial of fighters who died carrying out their jihadist duties, to the announcement of fighting alongside the Syrian regime and open declaration of fatalities, and finally to the holding of public funerals for them, Hezbollah has kept the number of its losses secret. There has been no clear and honest explanation for the silence on these numbers. Logic leads us to two possible explanations: the party either does not want to reveal the magnitude of the losses it has incurred defending the Syrian regime, or it does not want to reveal the enormity of the figures compared to the number of fighters killed in the open conflict with the Israeli enemy. Perhaps both explanations are true.
Whatever explanation you favor, it's obvious that the regime doesn't want the Iranian people to look at the story, right? Otherwise they wouldn't spike it. Nor would they order Iranian family relatives to hold burials in the middle of the night, nor tell Lebanese religious authorities to conceal the casualty figures, both of which are in effect.
If the Iranians Are So Smart, How Come the Place Is a Wreck?
I'm sick and tired of hearing about the Iranians' brilliance, about what fabulous negotiators they are, about what great game players they are (some say, falsely I believe, that the Persians invented chess, even) and so on and so forth. Frankly, I think Supreme Leader Khamenei, President Rouhani, and the rest of the mob are dolts.
Why? Because they've taken a country that's got everything going for it, and wrecked it. They've got abundant resources, an educated population, a real middle class, all manner of commercial skills, and favorable location astride some of the world's most important land and sea shipping routes. Yet the country is beset with poverty, a crashing birth rate, runaway drug abuse and prostitution, and widespread protests, even in the oil fields where the Ahwazis live.
You may think that all this misery is the result of Western sanctions, but the crashing misery index was evident before any sanction bit the Iranian people, and the wreckage of the country's water system doesn't have anything to do with sanctions. The sanctions certainly hurt them, but the mullahs didn't need the West to ruin the country. They've done that all by themselves, and the place would still be a mess if all the sanctions were lifted tomorrow morning.
Is that smart, or doltish?
The latest round of praise for the mullahs' alleged brilliance regards the nuclear negotiations, where it is said they are getting their way. But it's an odd definition of diplomatic brilliance, since they're dealing with an American president who so passionately wants détente with Iran that he doesn't appear to care about the conditions. Any self-respecting American government official would have walked out when Zarif shrieked at Kerry, but our secretary of state sits and takes the punishment. I'd be more inclined to call this "intimidation." And it's more the result of our fecklessness than their elegant brilliance.
Moreover, what are we to make of the various "fact sheets" about the "understanding" with the Iranians, and Khamenei's apparent gainsaying of at least some of its elements? Khamenei has three basic requirements: an immediate and complete end to sanctions, the continuation of the nuclear program, and acquiescence to his imperial projects, from Iraq, Syria and Lebanon to Yemen, Nigeria and Latin America. Unable to get explicit approval for any of these, he simply reasserts his position. Yes, it buys time, but that's the result of the American refusal to take "no" for an answer, not the product of brilliant maneuvering.
Khamenei et. al. are very worried about the hostility of their own people, as well they ought to be. The clearest evidence of their fear is the massive repression under way. If they thought they had sufficient popular support, they wouldn't have to resort to systematic terror.
Their attempt to portray the latest "understanding" is based on a big lie, namely that the sanctions are about to end. But the Iranian people don't seem to be fooled. They're telling jokes along the lines of "oh good, now the Iraqis and Syrians will get some good drinks."
The Khamenei regime is despised by most Iranians, and the regime has certainly earned it. The next time somebody tells you how clever the Iranians are, tell them the ayatollahs have yet to produce a world-class game player. In fact, the last avid Iranian bridge player was probably the shah, and I don't see anyone in a turban challenging Gary Kasparov to a high-stakes chess match.
Iran: Now What?
The bottom line on Lausanne, pace all those diligent analysts who thought they could uncrew the inscrutable "framework," was best expressed by the Red Queen: "Everybody has won and all must have prizes."
But there's really only one winner, and the Red Queen will announce his name. When the time comes. Which is not before the end of June, and probably afterwards. If at all.
Got that? I hope so, because that's all there is. The single most surprising outcome of the very long diplogame was revealed by Amir Taheri:
First, we have a joint statement in English in 291 words by Iranian Foreign Minister Muhammad Javad Zarif and the European Union foreign policy point-woman Federica Mogherini, who led the so-called P5+1 group of nations including the US in the negotiations.
Next we have the official Iranian text, in Persian, which runs into 512 words. The text put out by the French comes with 231 words. The prize for "spinner-in-chief" goes to US Secretary of State John Kerry who has put out a text in 1,318 words and acts as if we have a done deal.
As a general rule, these statements are crafted in English and then translated into other languages, and the translations invariably run longer than the original. All the translations of my books are longer than the originals, sometimes significantly. Yet in this case, the English version of the "framework" runs some seven times the length of the French, the Farsi text is nearly three times as long, and the American English version is four to five times the length of the EU-Iranian English version.
That surely means that there was no agreed-upon agreement, on whose basis the various versions were written or translated. Everybody won, so everybody produced his preferred language. So ignore the texts. Just listen to what Zarif said to the Iranian people, namely that nobody signed anything, that whatever may have been agreed has no legal standing, and that the only thing that matters is yet to come, which may well be very different from whatever was agreed in the agreement.
So now what? The short answer is "same old, same old." They all keep talking. Perhaps some day there will be a real agreement.
What else? Now we get to the real issues, and they are three, which correspond to Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei's conditions for the grand bargain Obama is trying desperately to forge between the United States and Iran:
● First, all sanctions must end. All sanctions, all together. That is why Zarif keeps saying that the lifting of all sanctions was agreed;
● Second, Iran is not going to stop its nuclear program. Never mind the details. The march toward nuclear Iran will continue, both in Iran and, apparently, in North Korea and perhaps also Syria;
● Third, Iran must be recognized as the dominant power wherever it chooses to advance, whether that be the Middle East, Africa, or South America. Today. And, no doubt, elsewhere tomorrow. The Iranian messiah, aka the Twelfth Imam, isn't just a local hegemon, he will lead a global jihad.
Those are the real issues. There's now a substantial cottage industry micromanaging every little detail of the nuclear "agreement," but it's an industry without a product, aside from yards of ink and hours of talk. It's interesting sometimes, but it really can't be sustained. Sooner or later Khamenei's three damands will have to be addressed. This hapless administration would no doubt like to just say yes. But, judging from the domestic and international fireworks all across the political horizon, it doesn't seem likely to be approved.
Which is a good thing. Maybe it will occur to the next president that the only acceptable response to the three demands is one of our own: regime change in Tehran.
Obama of Arabia
Just last night, a friend referred to Obama's desperate pursuit of an alliance with Iran as "Lawrentian" (as in Lawrence of Arabia), which I like. It helps us focus on the current embarrassment, with Kerry tenaciously talking day after day to Jarif (the "charming" one who had to be asked to stop shrieking at the secretary of State), obviously desperate for something that could be called an agreement.
Sure, Kerry wants a Nobel Peace Prize, and no doubt believes an Iran deal would win it for him, but there's more to it than that. There's the president's long-standing passion to embrace the Islamic Republic. Much like Lawrence's passion for the Arabs, it's not just a geopolitical conviction, as you can see from this WaPo piece by Greg Jaffe, which is one of the best I've read that tries to explain Obama's passion in terms of a serious world-view:
The Iran negotiations also reflect Obama's abiding belief that the best way to change the behavior of hostile governments with spotty human rights records isn't through isolation or the threat of military force, but persistent engagement. In recent years, Obama has pushed to open up trade and diplomatic relations with countries such as Cuba and Burma.
"He believes the more people interact with open societies, the more they will want to be part of an open society," said Ivo Daalder, Obama's former NATO ambassador and head of the Chicago Council on Global Affairs.
As if the Iranian people needed to "interact" with us to want to be part of an open society! They know that already, as demonstrated by the regime's increasingly violent repression. But Obama doesn't talk about Iranians' desire for freedom, as he would if that were a central element in his Persian passion. Instead, as Jaffe tells us in useful detail, this is an intensely personal matter:
As the negotiations have progressed, Obama has become more personally involved in the talks, said current and former aides. He can describe in minute detail the number and type of centrifuges that Iran would be allowed to retain under a deal…
The negotiations are…personal for the president. Obama was dismissed as dangerously naive in 2007 by then-candidate Hillary Rodham Clinton for suggesting that he would engage in "aggressive personal diplomacy" with Iran…
"There's a determination to prove the Republicans wrong," said Smith, "and to prove the world wrong."
Of course it's personal, it's very laurentian. It's not just the leftist myth that all that's wrong with the Force is America's fault, and thus, carrying the illogic to its wild conclusion, the way to make things right is to castrate America and turn from old allies to the enemies we've wronged in the past. If that were the driving principle, Obama (as he promised, lest we forget) would be working much harder to embrace Vladimir Putin.
But no, his heart is with Khamenei and Rouhani.
I wish I knew why…but then, perhaps there is no "why." In affairs of the heart, explanations really don't apply, do they?