text:
The present invention provides, among other things, a multi-modal device for facilitating wireless communication over any one of a plurality of wireless communication networks operating pursuant to differing transmission protocols and/or over differing radio frequencies.
1. An advanced cellular telephone for facilitating voice and data communication over a plurality of wireless communication networks, at least one of which is a Personal Communication Services network operating in the PCS frequency band using a protocol for communication that is appropriate for the PCS network and at least one additional network operating either inside or outside of the PCS frequency band using a protocol for communication that is appropriate for the one additional network, comprising
a housing small enough to form a portable handset;
an antenna supported by the housing for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic energy;
a display, supported by the housing, for displaying information that is visually perceptible to a user and that includes information procured, in response to a user request, from a remote computer with which the cellular telephone is linked wirelessly via one of the wireless communication networks;
a touch-sensitive device for receiving user supplied commands and data including said user requests for information; and
an omni-modal communication circuit for accessing the wireless communication networks using a communications protocol appropriate to the wireless communication network accessed to establish a communication link for voice or data communication over the accessed network, the omni-modal communication circuit including
a transceiver, electrically connected to the antenna, for sending and receiving radio frequency voice signals and data signals,
digital modulator circuitry for modulating digital voice signals and digital data signals onto a carrier for transmitting by the transceiver in accordance with a communications protocol compatible with the PCS communication network when accessed and in accordance with a communications protocol compatible with the one additional network when accessed,
digital demodulator circuitry for demodulating digital voice signals and digital data signals from radio frequency signals received by the transmitter in accordance with the communications protocol compatible with the PCS communication network when accessed and in accordance with the communications protocol compatible with the one additional network when accessed,
memory for storing an operating program and data including network information, telephone numbers and text messages, and
a processor for setting up appropriate cross connections between the display, memory, touch-sensitive device, digital modulator circuitry and digital demodulator circuitry and transceiver to cause the transceiver to access the plurality of wireless communication networks, one or more at a time, including the PCS network and the one additional network, for sending and receiving both voice signals and data signals over the accessed network and to receive user commands, to provide information to the display, to carry out arithmetic calculations, to request information from remote computers and to retrieve data from memory;
wherein the functions of information retrieval from remote computers, data processing and placing or receiving telephone calls may be carried out by selective access, under the control of the processor, to the plurality of wireless communication networks including the PCS network and the one additional network through operation of the omni-modal communication circuit.
2. An advanced cellular telephone as defined in
3. An advanced cellular telephone as defined in
4. An advanced cellular telephone as defined in
transceiver includes a local oscillator,
a receive mixer connected to the local oscillator,
an amplifier,
a transmit mixer connected to the local oscillator and to the amplifier, and
a diplexer connected to the amplifier, to the receive mixer and to the antenna.
5. A multi-modal device for facilitating wireless communication over any one of a plurality of wireless communication networks operating pursuant to differing transmission protocols and/or over differing radio frequencies, comprising:
a frequency agile radio transceiver adapted to operate at a radio frequency appropriate for each of the plurality of wireless communication networks as determined by a frequency control signal;
a digital interface circuit for interconnecting said frequency agile radio transceiver with external devices to allow information to be sent and received over said frequency agile radio transceiver;
protocol agile operating circuit means for operating said frequency agile radio transceiver and said digital interface circuit in accordance with one of the transmission protocols as determined by a protocol control signal; and
adaptive control means for accessing a selected wireless communication network and for generating the frequency control signal and the protocol control signal in response to a user defined criteria to cause the device to communicate with the selected wireless communication network using the frequency determined by the frequency control signal and the protocol determined by the protocol control signal.
6. The multi-modal device of
7. The multi-modal device of
8. The multi-modal device as defined in
9. The multi-modal device as defined in
10. The multi-modal device as defined in
11. The multi-modal device as defined in
the cost of using the wireless communication network;
the quality of the transmission link connecting said frequency agile transceiver and the selected wireless communication network;
prior experience with specific wireless communication networks;
the potential for being dropped by the network; and
the security of the radio transmission link connecting said frequency agile transceiver and the selected wireless communication network.
12. The multi-modal device as defined in
13. The multi-modal device as defined in
14. The multi-modal device as defined in
15. The multi-modal device as defined in
16. A method of using a frequency agile radio transceiver for facilitating wireless communication over any one of a plurality of wireless communication networks operating pursuant to differing transmission protocols and/or over differing radio frequencies, comprising the steps of:
operating a frequency agile radio transceiver at a radio frequency appropriate for each of the plurality of wireless communication networks as determined by a frequency control signal;
interconnecting said frequency agile radio transceiver with a device to allow information to be transferred between said device and a remote device over said frequency agile radio transceiver;
operating said frequency agile radio transceiver and said interconnecting device in accordance with one of the transmission protocols as determined by a protocol control signal;
accessing a selected wireless communication network by generating the frequency control signal and the protocol control signal in response to a user defined criteria to cause the device to communicate with the selected wireless communication network using the frequency determined by the frequency control signal and the protocol determined by the protocol control signal.
17. The method as defined in
18. The method as defined in
19. The method of
20. The method of
21. The method of
22. The method of
the cost of using the wireless communication network;
the quality of the transmission link connecting said frequency agile transceiver and the selected wireless communication network;
prior experience with specific wireless communication networks;
the potential for being dropped from the network; and
the security of the radio transmission link connecting said frequency agile transceiver and the selected wireless communication network.
23. The method of
24. The method of
This application is a divisional of patent application Ser. No. 09/670,696, filed Sep. 28, 2000, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,934,558, which is a divisional of patent application Ser. No. 09/149,292, filed Sep. 9, 1998, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,134,453, which is a divisional of patent application Ser. No. 08/707,262, filed Sep. 4, 1996, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,854,985, which is a continuation of patent application Ser. No. 08/167,003, filed Dec. 15, 1993, now abandoned.
This invention relates generally to frequency and protocol agile, wireless communication devices and systems adapted to enable voice and/or data transmission to occur using a variety of different radio frequencies, transmission protocols and radio infrastructures.
Many communication industry experts believe that a personal information revolution has begun that will have as dramatic an impact as did the rise of personal computers in the 1980's. Such experts are predicting that the personal computer will become truly "personal" by allowing virtually instant access to information anytime or anywhere. There exists no consensus, however, on the pace or form of this revolution.
For example, the wireless communication industry is being fragmented by the emergence of a substantial number of competing technologies and services including digital cellular technologies (e.g. TDMA, E-TDMA, narrow band CDMA, and broadband CDMA), geopositioning services, one way and two-way paging services, packet data services, enhanced specialized mobile radio, personal computing services, two-way satellite systems, cellular digital packet data (CDPD) and others. Fragmenting forces within the wireless communication industry have been further enhanced by regulatory actions of the U.S. government. In particular, the U.S. government is preparing to auction off portions of the radio spectrum for use in providing personal communication services (PCS) in a large number of relatively small contiguous regions of the country. The U.S. government is also proposing to adopt regulations which will encourage wide latitude among successful bidders for the new radio spectrum to adopt innovative wireless technologies.
Until the market for wireless communication has experienced an extended "shake-out" period it is unlikely that a clear winner or group of winners will become apparent. Any portable unit which is capable of interacting with more than one service provider or radio infrastructure would obviously have advantages over a portable unit which is capable of accessing only a single service provider. Still better would be a portable unit which could be reprogrammed to interact with a variety of different service providers. Previous attempts to provide such multi modal units have produced a variety of interesting, but less than ideal, product and method concepts.
Among the known multi-modal proposals is a portable telephone, disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,127,042 to Gillig et al., which is adapted to operate with either a conventional cordless base station or cellular base station. U.S. Pat. No. 5,179,360 to Suzuki discloses a cellular telephone which is capable of switching between either an analog mode of operation or a digital mode of operation. Yet another approach is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,985,904 to Ogawara directed to an improved method and apparatus for switching from a failed main radio communication system to a backup communication system. Still another proposal is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,122,795 directed to a paging receiver which is capable of scanning the frequencies of a plurality of radio common carriers to detect the broadcast of a paging message over one of the carriers serving a given geographic region. In U.S. Pat. No. 5,239,701 to Ishii there is disclosed a radio receiver which is responsive to an RF signal containing a plurality of channel frequencies, each having broadcast information, and a circuit for producing a wide band version of the received RF signal and a circuit for producing a narrow band version of the received RF signal.
While multi-modal in some regard, each of the technologies disclosed in the above listed patents is highly specialized and limited to a specific application. The systems disclosed are clearly non-adaptive and are incapable of being easily reconfigured to adapt to different transmission protocols or different radio infrastructures. Recently, Motorola has announced beta testing of a system called "MoNet" which will allegedly allow users to operate on whatever wireless network happens to be available using protocol and frequency agile radio modems. The MoNet technology will be integrated in both networks and mobile devices and will permit first time users to fill out an electronic application, transmit it, and receive a personal ID to allow the user to operate on any of several mobile networks yet receive just one bill. Another provider of an open system is Racotek of Minneapolis, Minn. which offers client server architecture designed to be portable across different mobile devices, host platforms, and radio infrastructures.
While the limited attempts to deal with the fragmentation of the wireless communication industry have had some merits, no one has yet disclosed a truly self adaptive, omni-modal wireless product which enables an end user to access conveniently various wireless services in accordance with a selection process which is sufficiently under the control of the end user.
A fundamental objective of the subject invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art by providing a truly omni-modal wireless product and method which is adaptive to the selectively variable desires of the end user.
Another more specific object of the subject invention in the provision of a product which would be capable of utilizing any one of the wireless data services within a given geographic area based on a user determined criteria such as: (1) the cost of sending a data message, (2) the quality of transmission link (signal strength, interference actual or potential), (3) the potential for being dropped from the system (is service provider at near full capacity), (4) the security of transmission, (5) any special criteria which the user could variably program into his omni-modal wireless product based on the user's desires or (6) any one or more combinations of the above features that are preprogrammed, changed or overridden by the user.
Yet another object of the subject invention is to provide an omni-modal wireless product which would allow for enormous product differentiation. For example original equipment manufacturers (OEM's) could provide specialized interface features for the end user. Each OEM could provide specialized hardware controls appropriate for various user groups.
Another object of the subject invention is to provide an omni-modal wireless product which can allow for adaptive service provider selection based on user experience with specific service providers.
A more specific object of the subject invention is to provide an omni-modal wireless product which would have the effect of inducing intense competition for customers among various wireless data service providers based on quality of service and price by allowing the user to easily and conveniently identify the service providers that best meet the user's performance requirements.
Another object of the invention is to provide a network of omni-modal wireless products and service providers which is designed to provide the most business and profit making potential to the service providers who best meet the varying demands of the greatest number of omni-modal wireless product users.
Still another objective of the subject invention is to promote and encourage introduction of innovative technology which will satisfy the desires of end users to receive the best possible quality wireless service at the lowest possible cost by promoting real time-adaptive price and service competition among cell service providers.
Another objective of the subject invention is to allow wireless service providers to broadcast electronically as part of any "handshaking" procedure with a omni-modal wireless product information such as (1) rate information and (2) information regarding system operating characteristics such as percent of system capacity in use and/or likelihood of being dropped.
Still another objective of the subject invention is to create a user oriented source enrollment and billing service in the wireless data market by establishing uniform standard for "handshakes" to occur between cell service providers and omni-modal wireless products.
A more specific object of the invention is to provide a standard chip or chipset including a radio transceiver specifically designed to be used in all types of omni-modal wireless products.
A still more specific object of the invention is to provide a standard radio chip or chipset adapted for use in all types of omni-modal wireless products including a variety of operational modes including operation on the U.S. public analog cellular telephone network (AMPS).
Still another object of the invention is to provide a standard radio chip or chipset for use in all types of omni-modal wireless products including circuitry for both voice and data communications over AMPS. Other supported communications protocols would include CDPD which is a packet data service based on the AMPS network.
These objects and others are achieved in the present invention by an omni-modal radio circuit implemented by a standard radio computing chip or chipset which can serve as a computer (special or general purpose), or as an interface to a general purpose personal computer. The chip preferably includes a modem and associated processing circuits. So that it can perform at least basic processing functions such as displaying data, accepting input, etc., the chip may also incorporate at least a basic microprocessor. The processor may provide only predetermined functions, accessible through a standard applications programming interface, or in more advanced designs the processor can run other software or firmware added by the product maker. Exemplary processor functions of the chip include radio network interface control (call placement, call answering), voice connection, data transmission, and data input/output. The chip can be used to implement a variety of omni-modal devices and can provde computing resources to operate fundamental communications programs.
A preferred embodiment of a standardized radio processing circuit 1 is shown in
In terms of the preferred functional and operational characteristics of circuit 1, it is particularly significant that this circuit provides a multi-modal or omni-modal communications capability. That is, circuit 1 can be adjusted by the user, or automatically under stored program control, to transfer information over at least two different radio communications networks, and preferably all networks available in a particular area within the frequency range of the transceiver of circuit 1.
Examples of radio communications networks which circuit 1 may be designed to use include commercial paging networks; the U.S. cellular telephone network or Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS); alternative cellular telephone network standards such as the European standard; digitally modulated radiotelephone systems operating under various encoding techniques such as TDMA, CDMA, E-TDMA, and BCDMA; Cellular Digital Packet Data (CDPD); Enhanced Specialized Mobile Radio (ESMR); ARDIS; Personal Cellular Systems (PCS); RAM; global positioning systems; FM networks which transmit stock prices or other information on subcarriers; satellite-based networks; cordless landline telephones (such as 49 Mhz and particularly 900 Mhz systems); and wireless LAN systems. Preferably, circuit 1 is also designed to use the landline/public switched telephone network (PSTN).
As another feature, the omni-modal circuit 1 may perform local positioning calculations to accurately determine its location by monitoring precisely synchronized timing signals which may be broadcast by cell sites for this purpose. If such timing signals were provided, the omni-modal circuit 1 could receive the signals, determine the relative time delay in receiving at least three such signals from different transmitter locations, and triangulate to determine the distance of the omni-modal circuit to each of the transmitters. If the omni-modal circuit 1 is installed in a vehicle, this information may be used to determine the location of the vehicle.
As will be seen, for each system which can be accessed by circuit 1, appropriate cross connections are provided between the radio circuit or landline interface, as selected, and voice or data sources and destinations. The appropriate cross connections are established under program control and include conversions between digital and analog signal forms at appropriate points in cases where a signal in one form is to be transmitted using a method for which a different signal form is appropriate. The operating parameters of the transceiver may be optimized by a digital signal processor for either voice or data transmission.
In addition, a library of command, control and data transmission protocols appropriate for each supported system may be included in circuit 1, and the device can implement the correct protocols by consulting a lookup table during transmissions to obtain the data channel protocols appropriate to the system selected. In another embodiment, the library of command, control, and data transmission protocols may be replaced, or supplemented, by information transmitted over the radio frequencies to the device by the carrier, or information downloaded from a hardwired connection to another device. Flash memory, EEPROMs, or non-volatile RAM can be used to store program information, permitting replacement or updating of the operating instructions used by the device.
As examples, the library functions accessible by the device (and also by external devices which may call the library functions) may include the following: Select RF modulation frequency; select RF modulation protocol; select data formatting/conditioning protocol; transmit data in input stream using selected network and protocol; select output; select input; select data/voice mode; answer call; generate DTMF tones and transmit on selected network; scan for control channels/available systems; obtain cost information for current selected system; obtain cost information for all systems; obtain operating quality information for current system; obtain operating quality information for all systems; request transmission channel in system; obtain signal strength for current channel; obtain signal strength for all active systems; and initiate a transmission on the selected network.
Voice grade channel output 26 is connected to analog detector-demodulator 18 and digital output 28 is connected to digital demodulator 20. Analog detector-demodulator 18 and digital demodulator 20 are selectively connected to receiver mixer 10 through switch 14. Receiver mixer 10 is connected to both local oscillator 12 and diplexer 4. Diplexer 4 is connected to antenna 2. These components provide radio frequency receive circuitry that allows selective reception and demodulation of both analog and digitally modulated radio signals.
Voice grade channel input 30 is connected to analog modulator 22 and digital input 32 is connected to digital modulator 24. Analog modulator 22 and digital modulator 24 are selectively connected to transmit mixer 8 through switch 16. Transmit mixer 8 is connected to both local oscillator 12 and amplifier 6. Amplifier 6 is connected to diplexer 4 and diplexer 4 is connected to antenna 2. These components comprise radio frequency transmit circuitry for selective transmission of analog or digitally modulated radio signals.
The operation of the omni-modal radio communication RF circuit shown in
Diplexer 4 allows antenna 2 to receive broadcast radio signals and to transmit the received signals to the demodulators 18 and 20, and to allow modulated radio signals from modulators 22 and 24 to be transmitted over antenna 2. Diplexer 4 is designed so that signals received from amplifier 6 will be propagated only to antenna 2, while signals received from antenna 2 will only be propagated to receiver mixer 10. Diplexer 4 thus prevents powerful signals from amplifier 6 from overloading and destroying receiver mixer 10 and demodulators 18 and 20.
The receive path of the omni-modal RF circuit comprises receiver mixer 10, which is connected to, and receives an input signal from, diplexer 4. Receiver mixer 10 also receives a reference frequency from local oscillator 12. Receiver mixer 10 converts the signal received from diplexer 4 to a lower frequency signal and outputs this intermediate frequency on output line 36 to switch 14. Switch 14 is connected through control line 38 to a microprocessor (not shown). Control line 38 selectively controls switch 14 to pass the intermediate frequency signal on output line 36 to either analog detector-demodulator 18 or to digital demodulator 20. This selection is controlled based upon the type of signal currently being received. For example, if the omni-modal circuit 1 is tuned to an analog communication system, switch 14 would be connected to analog detector demodulator 18. If, however, the omni-modal circuit 1 is receiving a digital modulated signal, switch 14 would be in a state to allow an intermediate frequency on output line 36 to be transmitted to digital demodulator 20.
Analog detector demodulator 18 receives analog signals through switch 14 from receiver mixer 10 on output line 36. Analog detector demodulator converts the RF modulated signal received as an intermediate frequency into a voice grade channel or VGC. The voice grade channel may comprise an audio frequency spectrum going from approximately 0 Hz to approximately 4 KHz. Analog detector demodulator 18 is designed for demodulation of analog radio frequency signals. For example, analog detector demodulator would be capable of demodulating a frequency modulated (FM) radio signals. Analog detector demodulator 18 may also be capable of demodulating amplitude modulated (AM) radio signals.
Digital demodulator 20 is designed to demodulate digital signals received from receiver mixer 10 through switch 14. Digital demodulator 20 is designed to demodulate digital signals such as, for example, pulse code modulation (PCM), time division multiple access (TDMA), code division multiple access (CDMA), extended time division multiple access (E-TDMA) and broad band code division multiple access (BCDMA) signals. The output 28 from digital demodulator 20 could consist of a digital bit stream.
The transmit circuitry of the omni-modal RF circuit will now be described in detail. Analog voice grade channel signals can be received over analog input 30 which is connected to analog modulator 22. Analog modulator 22 acts-to-modulate the received voice grade channel onto an intermediate frequency signal carrier. Analog modulator 22 would be capable of modulating frequency modulation (FM) or amplitude modulation (AM) signals, for example.
As can be seen in
Digital input can be received by the transmit portion of the RF modulator circuitry through digital input 32. Digital input 32 is connected to digital modulator 24 which acts to modulate the received digital data onto an intermediate frequency RF carrier. Digital modulator 24 may preferably be capable of modulating the signal into a PCM, TDMA, E-TDMA, CDMA and BCDMA format. The output 44 of digital modulator 24 is connected to switch 16. Switch 16 can be controlled through control line 40 to select the digital modulated signal on output 44 and to selectively transmit that signal to transmit mixer 8.
Transmit mixer 8 is connected to programmable local oscillator 12 which is capable of generating frequencies that cover the frequency spectrum of the desired communication systems. Transmit mixer 8 operates in a manner well known in the art to convert the intermediate frequency signal received from switch 16 to a radio frequency for transmission over a radio communication system. The output of transmit mixer 8 is connected to amplifier 6. Amplifier 6 acts to amplify the signal to insure adequate strength for the signal to be transmitted to the remote receiving station. Amplifier 6 may be connected to control circuitry to allow the power output of amplifier 6 to be varied in accordance with control signals received from the control circuitry. The output of amplifier 6 is connected to diplexer 4 and, as described above, to antenna 2.
Microprocessor 110 is connected to memory 112 and operates to control the input circuitry as well as the programmable local oscillator 12 and switches 14 and 16 shown in
As can be seen in
If switch 122 is changed to its alternate state, voice processing input 144 will be connected to digital to analog converter 106. Digital to analog converter 106 is connected to digital input 128 which, referring to
As noted above, omni-modal circuit 1 is capable of transmitting data over a plurality of radio frequency communication systems. As can be seen in
As is readily apparent from the above discussion,
Circuit 1 is designed to facilitate product differentiation by companies making use of circuit 1 as a standard building block for radio voice and/or data communications devices. For example, each manufacturer may provide specialized interface features for the user, and specialized hardware controls appropriate for various user groups. Circuit 1 is particularly advantagous in facilitating these goals in that it provides microprocessor 110 and memory 112 that allow manufacturers to customize the operation of the circuit with little or no additional components. Furthermore, circuit 1 could be pre-programmed with a series of primitives that would allow a manufacturer to quickly and easily integrate the complex features of the device into a use friendly consumer product.
Referring next to
As shown in
The advanced cellular phone of
Also shown in
The personal communicator computing circuitry 302 includes display 304, microprocessor 306, memory 308, input device 316, data interface jack 310 and RJ-11 jack 312. As can be seen in
The personal communicator computing circuitry 302 acts to allow the user to interface and process data in a manner known to those of skill in the art. For example, display 304 may include an LCD display panel and may be color or black and white. Microprocessor 306 may include an Intel 80�86 microprocessor or any other microprocessor manufactured by Intel or Motorola or other computer processing chip manufacturers. Memory 308 includes random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) necessary for the functioning of the computing device. Input device 316 may be a keyboard or a pen-based interface or other interface including voice recognition that allows for data to be input to the personal communicator computing circuitry 302. Microprocessor 306 is interfaced through data interface jack 310 to data input 114 and data output 116 of the omni-modal circuit. This allows the personal communicator computing circuitry 302 to transmit data using the omni-modal circuit 1. Also, as seen in
In one particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the omni-modal circuit 1 can transmit data over a landline telephone line using RJ-11 jack 312 and modem 124 shown in
Also shown in
The capabilities of the omni-modal circuit 1 facilitate its use in a device as shown in
Referring next to
The combination telephone/pager device shown in
Key pad 602 allows a user to provide information to microprocessor 110 for operating the dual mode device. For example, the user may operate the key pad to indicate that a certain call should be made on the cordless telephone network and not on the cellular network. To the contrary, the user may specify that the cellular network was to be used by operating the key pad 602 to so indicate.
One particularly preferred embodiment of a dual mode device may be programmed to allow for automatic selection of either a cellular communications network or a cordless telephone landline network. This is particularly advantageous in that a cordless telephone landline network is often considerably cheaper to access than is a cellular telephone network. Therefore, if the device will automatically access a cordless telephone network whenever one available, and use the cellular network only we absolutely necessary, the user can achieve substantial savings while still having a single, portable, communications unit that operates over a large geographic area. If the user requests service while within his home, for example, the cordless telephone system would be used and the user would be charged a minimal amount. If the user were to place a call while away from his home a greater charge would be incurred. The user, however, would use the same communications equipment regardless of where the service was used, and the service selection would appear transparent to the user.
Referring next to
The omni-modal radio communication card 701 also has an external RJ-11 data jack 712. The external RJ-11 data jack 712 allows omni-modal communications card 701 to transmit data over a telephone landline circuit using a common RJ-11 interface cable. Omni-modal communications card 701 includes a modem 124 in
Therefore, the radio communications card 701 serves as a modem to the personal computer and a separate modem card or external modem is not necessary in order to transmit data over a landline jack. The microprocessor 110 in the omni-modal circuit card 701 allows the circuitry to select either landline transmission via external RJ-11 jack 712 or cellular radio transmission through antennae 2. This may be accomplished for example through an analog switch circuit as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,972,457, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
The omni-modal circuit 1 of the present invention can be used to implement a system as described above. Referring to
In addition to functions directly related to radio communications and modulation, the library may desirably include other functions which enable desirable computing features. For example, data displaying, electronic mail storage, retrieval, and composition, and other computing functions may be included in the library. In addition, if a high powered processor is provided, the library may be expanded to include substantial operating system functions so that circuit 1 can be used to construct full-fledged personal computers and personal communicators capable of running third party applications programs.
As described above, circuit 1 will be capable of utilizing any one of the wireless data services within a given geographic area. The selection of the service to be used can be made manually by the user, or can be selected automatically. Referring to
Information about the costs and services offered by carriers in the area will be made available to the omni-modal circuit 1 for use in this competitive selection process, either through pre-programming by the user or selling organization or by transmission of the information in a manner described elsewhere herein.
The carrier may be selected by any one of the characteristics of the available competing carriers. For example, a given user may be price sensitive, and wish to always employ the lowest cost transmission method. Another user may have time-critical communications needs (e.g. securities trading or news reporting) and may prefer the most reliable or the highest speed transfer regardless of price.
In determining the cost of a particular transmission, circuit 1 preferably first determines the type and quantity of data to be transmitted. For example, if the user has selected a function of transmitting a file or an electronic mail message, circuit 1 will determine the length of the message and file. This information is then used in determining the projected cost of transmitting the data on each system. For example, for a short E-mail message, the expected cost for an AMPS cellular system will be the cost of making a one-minute call. For a packet radio system, the expected cost will be the length of the message divided by the number of characters per packet, times the cost per packet. As long as the basis for carrier charges is provided to circuit 1, the cost factors relevant for any particular message can be calculated. Thus, circuit 1 can intelligently predict relative costs of transmitting over various networks and can operate with a low-cost preference dependent on characteristics of an individual message. Different low-cost transmission modes are appropriately selected for messages having different characteristics.
A more sophisticated approach than pure low-cost selection allows the user to assign weights to different competitive factors (price, signal clarity, transmission speed or other factors) depending on the individual preferences and needs of the user. Based on the assigned weights, the circuit then calculates a "score" for each available system and selects the system with the highest score. As an example, a user may instruct the circuit to select carriers based 60% on the ratio of the lowest price to the price of the particular carrier and 40% on normalized signal strength. If the cost to send the message on System I is $0.50 (signal strength 2), the cost on System II is $0.60 (signal strength 4), the cost on System III is $0.85 (signal strength 5) and the cost on System IV is $0.50 (signal strength 1) circuit 1 would calculate scores of:
Particularly desirable selection algorithms may also take multiple factors into account by employing branching algorithms to select the carrier. For example, one multistage selection process based on multiple criteria would operate as follows. Initially, systems which are incapable of performing the desired function would be eliminated from consideration. For example, if the user wants to place a voice call, data-only systems would not be considered. As another example, if the user wants to send a fax to a customer and a given network has no capability of transmitting fax information to a specified telephone number, that system would not be considered for the proposed task. Next, among the systems available, circuit 1 may predict the lowest cost route based on a formula accounting for the message length and the costs of the available systems, including consideration of any long-distance surcharges implied by the destination of the information transfer. Finally, users may also prefer that circuit 1 automatically avoid selecting carriers which are suffering performance degradations because of capacity limits, or which have a particularly weak signal at the location of the user. In this way, if the carrier which would otherwise be preferred will not be able to provide a fast, accurate information transfer at the time from the user's location, the carrier that is the "next best" according to the primary programmed selection criteria (cost in this example) may be automatically selected. A tradeoff between signal quality and cost may also be arbitrated by the weighting method described above.
Preferably, any one or combination of the above selection criteria is available in the circuit 1 and the selection criteria can be selected, programmed, changed or overridden by the user. Adaptive service provider selection may be implemented based on user experience. That is, the information transmission track record of circuit 1 with a particular service provider (e.g. error rate, dropped connections, transmission time) can be stored and updated, and this information can be used as a weighted factor in selecting service providers. In this way, service providers providing poor services can be avoided in cases where more desirable alternatives are available.
The market and consumer implications of the present invention are substantial, in that the circuits and methods of the present invention tend to introduce intense competition for customers among various wireless carriers. The present invention automatically identifies service providers that best meet the user's performance requirements. In this way, service providers that meet the varying demands of the most user will have a large market share and maintain full usage of their available frequency spectrum. The invention therefore allows the users to drive the market by creating price and service competition among carriers.
In addition, the omni-modal capability of the present invention facilitates a free market for the use of frequency spectrum. Circuit 1 can be activated to select a specified channel frequency, but may be activated to use command, control, and data protocols on that channel that are normally appropriate for different channels, if the carrier controlling the frequency has authorized another carrier to temporarily use the first carrier's channel. As an example, a local AMPS cellular telephone carrier may have open channels, which may be temporarily "rented" to a Specialized Mobile Radio (SMR) carrier which is experiencing heavy traffic on its assigned channels. The SMR carrier may then direct persons requesting SMR service to operate on the "rented" channel, but using SMR protocols rather than the AMPS protocols which would normally be appropriate to that channel. This method of operation maximizes the efficient use of available frequencies by allowing carriers to shrink and expand the number of channels available based on current demand. During rush hours, when AMPS traffic is high, additional channels might be reallocated to AMPS by market forces; that is, the AMPS carrier will rent additional channels from under-utilized carriers to provide the services desired by the public at that time. At other times, demand for other systems may increase, and AMPS or other carriers may rent their under-utilized bandwidth to carriers having a substantial demand. This might occur, for example, if a network providing status reporting services from remotely located equipment (vending machines, gas pumps, etc.) is designed to transmit a large volume of data during late night or early morning hours. If the remotely located equipment is provided with an omni-tunable device, the status report network can rent channels from other carriers and use multiple channels to service its customers. In this way, economic incentives are established to ensure that airwave channels are assigned to their most productive use at all times, and the anti-competitive effects of carrier monopolies established by FCC channel assignments are reduced.
Referring to
Alternatively, individual carriers may broadcast pricing information on individual command channels. Pricing can be changed on a dynamic basis to maintain a desired system load level. In fact, in one preferred embodiment, an automated price negotiation can be performed in which the circuit 1 transmits an indication of the type and amount of information which is to be transmitted, and the carrier responds by quoting a price for the transmission. Such quotes can be obtained from multiple carriers and the lowest cost transmission mode can be selected, or the quoted prices can be factored into an equation that considers other factors in addition to price, as disclosed previously. As part of this scheme, radio carriers may implement a dynamic demand curve evaluation program in which system load and profitability are constantly monitored. The evaluation program may also monitor the percentage of requested quotes which are not accepted. In this way, the radio carrier's system can dynamically adjust prices to maximize revenue to the carrier at all times, based on a real-time model of the current demand curve for airtime service in the area.
One method in which system information could be distributed to users is shown in
Referring next to
Once information has been acquired for all available service providers, the information is evaluated 1112. This evaluation could consist of a simple determination based on a single factor, or could include more complex calculations relating to weighting of given factors and qualities. The results of the evaluation are used to select a service provider to process the users pending request for services. A connection is established 1114 on the selected service provider, and the user's request is processed, after which the process ends 1116.
As can be seen in
The omni-modal circuit of the present invention can perform both page receiving and other functions, such as placing cellular telephone calls. However, since only a single transmitting and receiving circuit is provided, when the device is in use on a non-paging communications network such as an AMPS cellular telephone system, any pages directed to the device may not be received. The present invention provides a solution to this potential problem in which the paging system control is interconnected with other network(s) such as the local AMPS cellular system. It should be understood that while connection of the pager system to the AMPS system is shown as an example, such connections may be provided between any systems used by the omni-modal circuit 1 to achieve similar objectives.
Significantly, the paging system 1400 is connected to the cellular telephone network office 1402 by lines 1404 which permit transfer of operational and control information between the paging system 1400 and cellular telephone network office 1402. Because of the connection of lines 1404, the paging system can determine whether the omni-modal device 1 is engaged in a cellular call and will thus be unable to receive a page.
If delivery by the alternate network is not available, control transfers to block 1510 which imposes a time delay. The page information is stored, and after some appropriate period of time, control transfers to block 1506 and the pager system again attempts to determine whether the page can be transmitted by conventional means.
If the alternative network is able to deliver the page and this service is to be provided, control transfers from block 1508 to block 1512 and the page is transmitted over the alternative system. In the case of the AMPS system, the page information may be transmitted as a momentary interruption in an ongoing conversation, as information provided on a command channel, as subaudible information (e.g. in a band from 0 to 300 Hz), or by another appropriate method.
Patent Citations
Non-Patent Citations
Referenced by
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text:
"What I don't like about the porn industry is that it teaches people some bad sexually habits" says porn star Nicole Sheridan.
"I noticed lately these 18 and 19-year old girls coming into porn and you can tell that they've learned everything they know about sex from watching porn."
"People have to realize that you don't have sex the same way on film as you do in your bedroom. I bet that there are a lot of guys out there who learned how to eat pussy by watching porn."
DOB: May 7, 1980
Birthplace: Pensylvania
Hair Colour: Blonde
Eye Colour: Blue
Height: 5'10"
Weight: 125 lbs
Measurements: 34D-24-34
By: Johnny Maxx
Q: What were you like growing up?
A: I was really active and involved. I danced for 19 years; I was a gymnast, a competitive cheerleader. My grades were good; I was kind of a dork. Not a full geek, but sort of a dork.
As a kid, I wanted to be a princess but every year I had something new, a firefighter, ballerina, psychologist, and teacher. In high school, I was in the gifted program. The majority of my friends were conservative, intelligent, not nerds, but good kids. I was also a cheerleader. I had a couple of friends in the jock crowd. I'm the type of person who has one or two close friends. I'm not a big crowd person.
Q: Do your friends and family know what you do?
A: Yes the do, I get a lot of mail from people I went to high school with and most of them are shocked. There are people I get shit from and there are people who will find out what I do and think it scandalous, but the majority of people we hang out with are totally cool with it.
Q: What did you do before you started in porn?
A: After high school, I went to college. I have two degrees — Human Development and Industrial Organizational Psychology. I was then a waitress for a short time.
Q: Were you promiscuous growing up?
A: Before I got married, I had only been in two serious relationships. One was for five years and the other was for four years, so I didn't really date a lot of guys.
Q: How did you get in the adult industry?
A: I started stripping in college to pay for my second degree. Waitressing wasn't cutting it. I started doing bikini grams. Then I knew I could make more money doing nude dancing. It was the normal progression from internet to magazines to film. I then did a few girl/girl scenes mostly for east coast companies, but I wouldn't consider that as entering the business.
Q: Do you remember your first scene? What was it and who was it with?
A: I did my first mainstream porn film in February 2000, it was titled The Watcher #9 from Vivid. Coincidentally, that was with Voodoo and we weren't even dating at that time.
Q: Were you nervous at all?
A: Since I had done a few scenes on the east coast, I was fine.
Q: Who are your favorite performers to work with Male and Female?
A: Apart from my husband, of course, I really love working with Dillon Day, Joel Lawrence is great and Sean Michaels is amazing. Cheyne Collins, Mark Davis and Pat Myne are my other favorites.
As for the ladies, I love Shay, Dee, and Kianna is nasty. Justine Romee is great to work with.
Q: What do you like most about the industry?
A: I love the freedom that it gives, and that every day is something different. Whether you have a good day or a bad day, it was still different from the day before. I get bored easily, so I constantly need different stimulation.
Q: Who do you dislike most in the industry – be specific please!
A: What I don't like about the porn industry is that it teaches people some bad sexually habits. I noticed lately these 18 and 19-year old girls coming into porn and you can tell that they've learned everything they know about sex from watching porn.
People have to realize that you don't have sex the same way on film as you do in your bedroom. I bet that there are a lot of guys out there who learned how to eat pussy by watching porn, and their women are probably sorely disappointed because you don't do it like that. They should learn to ask what their ladies want instead!
Q: What has been your favorite Sexual Experience?
A: It has to be my wedding night. We fucked all night and destroyed a hotel room!
Q: Do you remember the first time you were with a woman?
A: LOL I sure do! I was seduced at a party in college by two sisters. They pleasured me for a few hours then I got up and went home but I was too scared to return the favor. But that has sure changed now!
Q: Tell us about your marriage. Who is he and how did you meet?
A: I am happily married to the most amazing man in the world, he is in the business as well and his name is Voodoo. Voodoo is also a photographer and was doing camerawork on a fetish set I was working on. We hit it off as friends and remained friends even when I was living on the East Coast. He started having problems with his roommate. He found a place he fell in love with, but it was a two bedroom. When I moved out to California full time, he asked if I wanted to move in with him. I had my own bedroom and we slept separately but a month after living together, we started dating. Three weeks later we were sharing the same room and got married a year later.
Q: Since your now married, do you two still do scenes with other people?
A: Since we have been married, we decided that we always work together in a scene. We now do three ways with girls, guys, and shoot orgies. My favorite thing to do is DP's, I absolutely LOVE them! My husband is the only male talent I will work without a condom with, and I am the only female he will do without a condom. I will still give Blowjobs to male talent and he will receive them, and I will work with girls as well.
Q: Did you like DP's before you were in porn?
A: Not at all, I was a total anal girl before the industry in fact! The guy I was with before I got married was homophobic and would totally freak if another guy was in the room. The first time I got to be in a DP was for a scene, and it was fantastic. Funny enough, it starred Vodoo and Mark Davis, and the first REAL orgasm I ever had on camera.
Q: What was the most embarrassing moment you had on a set?
A: I was doing a scene with Voodoo, and he popped in my face, as soon as he did I threw up all over the floor! What happened was that I was in a car accident the day before and hurt my shoulder. I was on pain killers, and my body doesn't handle narcotics very well.
I was in so much pain from the sex scene because of the positions that it made me sick, I made it through the scene but by the end of it, I could not hold it in anymore. Thank God it was him and not someone else, could you imagine their reaction?
Q: Do you have any fetishes?
A: I really don't have any but I really love having my toes sucked. Really, I am open to anything, I just like sex, and I like having variety with my sex life.
Q: What are your ambitions in life?
A: My most important goal is to be happy. I also really want to skydive in every country that has a drop-zone.
Q: What are your hobbies?
A: I am into photography. I have been shooting production stills for a few years now. I am spending more time behind my camera, I really enjoy it. Some of my work was published in The New York Times Sunday Magazine. I was doing a shoot for Playgirl and the Times was writing a series on erotica for women, they chose a picture I had shot and I was really excited! I would like to focus on that when I am done with adult.
Picture credit – www.365portraits.com/
See All Of Pornstar Nicole Sheridan Scenes Here

subset: commoncrawl


text:
In This Section
Journal Forum
Clean Audio for TV broadcast: An Object-Based Approach for Hearing-Impaired Viewers - April 2015
1 comment
Audibility of a CD-Standard A/DA/A Loop Inserted into High-Resolution Audio Playback - September 2007
13 comments
Sound Board: Food for Thought, Aesthetics in Orchestra Recording - April 2015
2 comments
AES Conference Papers Forum
Validation of a Simple Spherical Head Model as a Signal Capture Device for Head-Movement-Aware Prediction of Perceived Spatial Impression
In order to take head movement into account in objective evaluation of perceived spatial impression (including source direction), a suitable binaural capture device is required. A signal capture system was suggested that consisted of a head-sized sphere containing multiple pairs of microphones which, in comparison to a rotating head and torso simulator (HATS), has the potential for improved measurement speed and the capability to measure time varying systems, albeit at the expense of some accuracy. The error introduced by using a relatively simple sphere compared to a more physically accurate HATS was evaluated in terms of three binaural parameters related to perceived spatial impression – interaural time and level differences (ITD and ILD) and interaural cross-correlation coefficient (IACC). It was found that whilst the error in the IACC measurements was perceptually negligible, the differences in measured ITD and ILD values between the sphere and HATS were not perceptually negligible, although they were reduced slightly when the sphere was mounted on a torso. However, it was found that the sphere-with-torso could give accurate predictions of source location based on ITD and ILD, through the use of a look-up table created from known ITD-ILD-direction mappings. Therefore the validity of the sphere-with-torso as a potential head-movement-aware binaural signal capture device for perceptually relevant measurements of source direction (based on ITD and ILD) and spatial impression (based on IACC) was demonstrated.
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15250 Avenue of Science, San Diego, CA 92128
(858) 521-2800 Fax: (858) 485-1937
Johneen Gregg, Director, (858) 521-2850
Betsy Crook, Administrative Asst, (858) 521-2848
Cindi Hodnett, Office Assistant II, (858) 521-2800 ext. 2231
The Extended Student Services (ESS) Program extends Poway Unified School District's educational program into the hours before and after school, and during school vacations, for elementary school aged children. ESS provides a comprehensive program of developmentally appropriate curriculum and activities. ESS is fee based. Check out the fee schedule in the vertical menu on the right. Please contact the ESS Supervisor at your child's school for information or to enroll. See the ESS Websites drop down menu at the right.
Laura Attard, Accountant II (858) 521-2800 ext. 2233
Billing Questions:
Melanie Hart (858) 521-2800 ext. 2229
Alisa Mendenhall, (858) 521-2800 ext. 2232
Credit Card Inquiries and Payments:
Melanie Hart (858) 521-2800 ext.2229
Johneen Gregg, Director, (858) 521-2850
Betsy Crook, Administrative Asst, (858) 521-2848
Cindi Hodnett, Office Assistant II, (858) 521-2800 ext. 2231
B.J. Brose, Supervisor on Special Assignment, 858-521-2800 Ext. 2221, email@example.com
(Enrollment is subject to availability)
**Families interested in attending afternoon ESS on Time Banking Days only, please contact your school site ESS Supervisor to obtain and complete the proper "Alternative Program - Parent Contract" required for this attendance option (all other enrollment forms listed above are also required to be completed and turned in).
**A $75.00 registration fee (per family) and first month's fees will be payable at this time.
We must receive all enrollment forms at least 2 business days before your child can attend ESS!
Now that we are about a month into the new school year, I would like to take this opportunity to welcome you to ESS. While many of you have been with us through the years, we also have many families who are new to the ESS world and we would like to extend a warm welcome to everyone.
While we are almost 3700 students strong at 25 different sites, our goals remain the same, whether large or small or somewhere in between, we are committed to the safety of your children while we strive to embed social, academic and physical fitness activities all mixed up with a big dose of fun into our programs.
One of our major goals this year is to provide a strong professional development plan to all of our staff, from our program aides to our site Supervisors and Lead Assistants. This in turn benefits our students as recipients of new learning and more effective methods of support. We will also continue to work closely with our school sites and staff in order for ESS to be an extension of what is happening during the day. Site safety plans are also being reworked to ensure we are maximizing what we can at ESS to provide a higher level of awareness.
I am very proud to be a part of the ESS organization as I can see from a firsthand view that your children are entrusted to dedicated, professional people who oversee each site, and wear many hats in their endeavor. On a daily basis they will hear many a story from a child, wipe a nose, give a hug of encouragement, help with a homework problem, check on a student, wipe a tear, answer the phone, solve 100 problems and still smile at you when you come through the door.
Please also remember that we are partnering with you, so always feel free to communicate with the staff at the site. You can also always email me – firstname.lastname@example.com – and as we look at some other possible means of communication and information, we will keep you in the loop.
Thank you again for sharing your children with us!
Johneen Gregg
Director, Extended Student Services
The Extended Student Services (ESS) Program extends Poway Unified School District's educational program into the hours before and after school, and during school vacations. ESS provides a comprehensive program of developmentally appropriate curriculum and activities. Skills are developed in the following areas:
Cognitive Development: homework assistance, science experiments, arts and crafts projects, cooking, gardening, and computer-assisted learning;
Physical development: small and large motor skills, sports, non-competitive games, and playground use: and,
Social-emotional development: cooperative learning, group participation, conflict resolution, peer interactions.
ESS provides time, space, encouragement and support for learning. ESS centers are located at all elementary schools. Each program is supervised by staff members trained in child development. Students enroll in the program on a full-time basis. Centers are open daily from 6:30 a.m. to 6:00 p.m.
Program Overview
This extended-day program extends the excellence of each child's school experience into before and after school.
ESS is staffed by highly-qualified professionals and trained instructional assistants. The staff provides for the academic and social needs of children in safe and nurturing environments. There is time, space, encouragement, and support for learning good study habits.
Program Activities
The program is geared toward expanding each child's world through arts and crafts projects, science activities, reading and language arts reinforcement, and math concept development. The program reinforces the social, motor, and academic skills children learn in the classroom. An opportunity is provided for each child to complete homework assignments.
Program History
The ESS program began in 1980 and is now offered in every elementary school in the Poway Unified School District. All children who attend elementary school in the District are eligible for enrollment.
Program Operations
The ESS program operates 6:30 a.m. - 6:00 p.m. daily. Please refer to the current ESS calendar for schedule of operation.
Summer Program
A very intensive summer program is offered. It includes numerous extended learning opportunities provided throughout the community. Field trips, special interest clubs, guest speakers, and special events are scheduled.
ESS offers PUSD families 2 additional options for ESS enrollment:
ESS will continue to offer our ESS Full Time contract (before/ after school with time banking day included) as well as our popular Alternative Contract for just time banking days.
Please see your school site ESS Supervisor or Lead Assistant for more information and to discuss the contract option that best serves you and your child(ren's) needs.
The Poway Unified School District (PUSD) is an equal opportunity employer/program and is committed to an active Nondiscrimination Program. PUSD does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, sexual orientation, ethnic group identification, ancestry, religion, gender, gender identification, mental or physical disability. All course offerings, student clubs, and extracurricular activities are open to all students. For more information, please contact Tracy Hogarth, Associate Superintendent, Personnel Support Services, Poway Unified School District, 15250 Avenue of Science, San Diego, CA 92128-3406. Annual Notification of Rights | Annual Notification Employee Rights
POWAY UNIFIED SCHOOL DISTRICT | 15250 Avenue of Science, San Diego, CA 92128 | 858) 521-2800


text:
Study at a world-class research university based in Southampton. We are ranked among the top 1% of universities worldwide.
Latest News
Newton Fund grant to aid Southampton researchers in understanding and reducing the impact of infectious disease in Malaysia
University holds its first graduation ceremony in China
Researchers to test new optical fibre 3D printing technique
We are a research intensive university and a founding member of the prestigious Russell Group. Our successes are acknowledged in international and UK league table rankings and with prestigious awards.
Our degrees and courses enable you to develop critical thinking and independent learning skills that are essential for future leaders and decision makers. Our lecturers are leaders in their fields and offer you the chance to learn about world-changing research as it happens.


text:
F*ck.. I take it back.. I had 3 restarts today with 3G on.
ncnm: Whic last official update.app you have flashed? It's written in the topic. Read it!
i don't remember the last official but i'm guessing b936. Will it hurt if i flash RIL 940 if i have official 936? How can i know wich official i have? If i flash a Rom based on 952, does that mean i must flash RIL 952? Where's RIL 952? It's a bit confusing in this RIL stuff.


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- Home
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In an American sports landscape dominated by four primary sports (football, baseball, basketball, and hockey), Major League Soccer has always faced an uphill battle since it's inception in the mid-90′s. Some would say that the saturation point may have been … Continue reading
According to Ives Galarcep, Freddy Adu will return to Major League Soccer after signing with the Philadelphia Union. Soccer By Ives claims that Chivas USA management were unwilling to support the signing of Adu to a designated player deal. Will … Continue reading
No one should have been looking for redemption in Wednesday night's friendly with Mexico. The next chapter in US Soccer's metamorphosis was opened instead, as Jurgen Klinsmann's squad fought back from an early hole and drew Mexico at 1. Still … Continue reading
MLS Commissioner Don Garber met with the press on Wednesday evening to discuss more details about the announcement earlier today that NBC Sports Network will begin broadcasting MLS games from 2012-2014. According to Sports Business Daily, the deal is worth … Continue reading
For a second year club, the Philadelphia Union have made huge strides in improving their squad. Most Major League Soccer prognosticators considered them a mid-finisher in the Eastern Conference, just missing out on the MLS Cup playoffs. Two key acquisitions … Continue reading
Real Madrid wrapped up it's American jaunt in the 2011 Herbalife World Football Challenge with a modest 2-1 result in their friendly against the local MLS club Philadelphia Union. Jose Mourinho started the match with their most prolific scorer, Cristiano … Continue reading
Everton FC opened their 2011 American Tour by squaring off against Major League Soccer's Philadelphia Union on Wednesday night. The match featured a number of the first team Toffees playing a full 90 minutes in a sweltering bowl of heat … Continue reading
Midsummer friendlies are controversial in nature. Fans point to the extra workload on first team players as being detrimental to the league, especially during what are often the hottest weeks of the year. In yesterday's friendly at PPL Park in … Continue reading
Liverpool-based Everton FC will begin their brief United States Preseason Tour tomorrow night, as they face the Philadelphia Union at PPL Park. In a blow for fans of the US Men's National Team, it was reported this afternoon by Steven … Continue reading
The United States twice gave away leads, and series of poor penalty takes opened the door for Japan as they captured the 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup. The match was dominated for large portions by the United States. The first … Continue reading
If, for whatever reason, you've dismissed the 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup and didn't bother to watch this afternoon's war between the United States and Brazil, you missed one helluva match. Some might call it the greatest finish in US … Continue reading
July 9, 2011: One of the most memorable days in Women's World Cup history. If there was anything that could upstage the brilliant cat-and-mouse match won by France over England, it was a determined Japanese squad that deposed the host … Continue reading
I tend to consider tactics and Major League Soccer like an unabridged dictionary in a fourth grade classroom. While the study and employment of tactics within MLS happens, there is less tactical sophistication in MLS than in the more established … Continue reading
The Philadelphia Union had gone nearly a month since their previous victory. The home side overcame a halftime deficit to defeat Chivas USA 3-2. For the second match in a row, manager Peter Nowak fielded a combination 4-1-4-1/4-1-3-2 shape, with … Continue reading
When MLS announced a partnership with OptaSports before the beginning of the 2011 season, there were hopes that a new level of statistical and tactical analysis would be on the horizon. Those days are here. (h/t the Brotherly Game Twitter … Continue reading
On Wednesday, the United States Men's National Team looked to avenge their Group Stage defeat to Panama at Reliant Stadium in Houston, TX. Two second-half substitutes contributed to Clint Dempsey's clincher, as the Americans secured their place in the CONCACAF … Continue reading
The United States reasserted their position within the CONCACAF region, by defeating Group B winners Jamaica 2-0 at RFK Stadium. Theodore Whitmore decided to start in a 3-4-3 formation for Jamaica. The three back formation allowed Demar Phillips and Eric … Continue reading
I have always been a statistics nut. The love of the numbers behind sports came early for me, as a young boy "keeping book" for my Yankees (I am now a rehabilitated Yankees fan, firmly rooting for my local Phillies … Continue reading


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Production was stepped up and the design refined and diversified.
The cuisine is rustic like the land, and its people and the flavors are intense, diversified and explosive.
Woe unto the central banker who diversified in that direction too quickly.
late 15c., from Old French diversifier (13c.) "to make diverse," from Medieval Latin diversificare, from Latin diversus (see diverse). Economic sense is from 1939. Related: Diversified; diversifying.


text:
BOSTON — While Nuggets coach George Karl continues his quest for historic win No. 1,000, his representation has revved up talks with the Nuggets about locking Karl into a multiyear deal.
A league source said Karl's people proposed a three-year contract extension, with the opportunity for him to be a Nuggets consultant for at least three years after that. Karl, 59, has repeatedly said he wants to live in Denver when his coaching days are over.
The contract would average about $5 million a year, which is expected to keep Karl among the 10 highest- paid coaches in the NBA. Last week, the team announced through a nuggets.com article that contract talks had begun, quoting exec Masai Ujiri: "We've said it from Day One that George is our guy and we want him here for a long time. George is a future Hall of Famer. He has earned a contract extension."
Karl is represented primarily by Bret Adams, a close friend of the coach's who said: "I have great respect for Masai and the way he's handled himself since he come onboard. And I look forward to working with him in doing the extension."
Making the most.
A season ago, Shelden Williams was Seldom Williams, playing sparingly for the Celtics.
Now, with Kenyon Martin out, Williams is starting at power forward for the Nuggets. Against his old squad, he played just 15 minutes, scoring four points with grabbing five rebounds. For the season, Williams averages 5.6 points and 6.4 rebounds.
"When we presented the contract to him this summer, it wasn't about money. It was all about playing opportunity," Karl said. "He's had good defensive games for us. His rebounding and run game has helped us at times. He's had two great games against Blake Griffin."
Said Boston coach Doc Rivers: "He's going to rebound, keep quiet and do his job. That's Shelden Williams. He's one heck of a rebounder for his size (6-feet-9)."
Benjamin Hochman, The Denver Post


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When activated, disables automatic parsing and creation of clickable links in comments, including http, ftp, and e-mail links. Links can still be add
Not impressed. This plugin caused buttons information and other page admin controls to compress where they are unusable or not appear at all. Disabled all my plugins and finally found this plugin causing the problem. Enabled only this plugin and it still caused the problem. Needless to say I am finding an alternate plugin to perform a similar task.
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Posted by Olivia on Thursday, May 28th, 2015
Here's another Gourmet Gal's recipe! The Gourmet Gal's is a group of gourmands who work at The Olive Press, Jacuzzi Family Vineyards and Cline Cellars who put recipes together with T…Read More
Posted by Olivia on Monday, December 22nd, 2014
This beautiful salad is bursting with fresh flavor… the perfect weeknight dinner amidst the heavier holiday menus. This version includes a light Asian, chicken sauté, but feel free…Read More
Posted by Olivia on Monday, November 24th, 2014
A wonderful holiday recipe using our Pumpkin Spice Olive Oil, pairing perfectly with Jacuzzi's Pina Asolo Prosecco!Read More
Posted by Olivia on Monday, November 24th, 2014
These light, bite sized cheesecakes with just a touch of sweet, cranberry syrup pair perfectly with Jacuzzi Sagrantino! A wonderfully light way to end a holiday meal!Read More
Posted by Olivia on Monday, November 24th, 2014
Savory shortbread compliments sweet Fig Compote made with our Fig Balsamic Vinegar perfectly! Pair this with Jacuzzi Aglianico for the perfect appetizer or dessert!Read More
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How can I use the same comment box used on wp.com blogs? I want to have the same options to post as anonymous, login with twitter/facebook/wordpress and that comments are stored locally.
If it's not just a hack, is there a plugin to make it work that way? So far I'm using a Facebook integration, but I end up with 2 comment boxes, one for facebook and another one the original from WP.


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Carpentry and Building Construction
"Carpentry and Building Construction" is widely used for vocational building construction programs in secondary and post-secondary schools. The fifth edition has been completely updated and expanded, so you can be sure your teaching is technically correct and state of the art. This comprehensive text covers everything from print reading to painting.
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" I own a small business and suspected one of my drivers of doing non-work related stuff on company time. I also wanted to be able to run quick simple reports to see where, when, and how long my vans were stopped. I installed the OBD units in all 3 of my vans and got the answers I was looking for. Great product...exactly as advertised. Highly Recommend! "
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Which budget DS Bike?
View Single Post
Gnarly Adventurer
Joined: May 2012
Location: Lehigh Valley, PA
Oddometer: 232
Originally Posted by
Off the grid
On a KTM, Husky or Euro bike? 200 bucks for springs.
On a Japanese bike? 1k for re-valve, Race Tech Gold service, Ohlins or similar.
Suspension that comes stock on Japanese bikes are a disposable item.
Have any of you guys ridden Enduros in the snotty, tight, sugar-sand and wet NorthEast? No?
I have.
An XRL and DR650 is WAY too heavy for that terrain, no matter what mods you do.
A DRZ is passable with a lot of mods, but still suffers from being top-heavy and having shitty suspension like all other Japanese Bikes.
Regarding the 250s.....a 300lb, 250 4-stroke is not going to have the balls to blow through a foot of Jersey Sugar sand or climb the rocky, rooty off-camber climbs of PA.
There is a reason why so many guys in the NorthEast ride KTMs.
OP, attend an enduro or DS ride BEFORE buying and ask around THERE. DONT ask here, on ADV. Ask people who RIDE THE TERRAIN.
I've already ridden those areas on various different bikes, including the KX. In fact I had already considered ridding some of the closed course, start-control formats on the KX as well.
I would go for the smaller Husky or KTM two strokes but I'm also looking for something that requires little care and can be ridden on the street.
I'm looking hard at dumping both dirt bikes and getting TWO new D/S. That's why the price point is kind of an issue. If it was just one I'd go Husky.
Most of my ridding is about spending time with my kid to make up for all the time I missed because of this shitty job. Not so much about being fast. I was fast 25 years ago.
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Results 131 to 140 of 221
You need:
- Full, legal name of the person
- Branch of service
- Social Security Number (SSN) and birth date of the person
- U.S. Government Military Request Form SF-180 (not required for electronic filing of request)
So probably not, at this point (hence why I was considering going through POWnetwork to see if they could help).
Registered Member
- Join Date
- Nov 2009
- Posts
- 260
Posted On:
12/14/2009 1:35am
Registered Member
- Join Date
- Nov 2009
- Posts
- 260
Posted On:
12/14/2009 1:39am
Registered Member
- Join Date
- Nov 2009
- Posts
- 260
Posted On:
12/14/2009 2:21am
Style: Generic MMA--
Wow! Huge blunder.
"Billy started tournament fighting at the age of 16. He was forced to fight in the mens division. By the age of 20 he had amassed 800 trophies in fighting and kata culminating it all by winning the United States Championship in Dallas Texas in 1978."
Age 16-20=4yrs. 800 trophies (exactly?).
200 per year.
16.6 per month
4.15 per week.
Then he joins the army. At 9.
Registered Member
- Join Date
- Mar 2008
- Location
- Cincy, Ohio
- Posts
- 938
Posted On:
12/14/2009 2:29am
Style: TKD, judo, MT noob--
NY Combat Sambo Style: combat sambo--One of the best Bullshido investigations ever written: http://www.bullshido.org/David_Kujawski_Investigation
"disgruntled ex student who couldn't hack training with Dave and his material and opted out (could be called pussied out) of training to go to Sambo" - Mor Sao
A 40-something guy, or a 50-something guy who's been looking after himself?
The number at the start of the vid is a cell phone in LA, FWIW (no, I didn't phone him).
Writeup is now published:
Burke never served a day, and was paid to make claims about Dux which he admits were based on no military experience, and thus false.
Obviously, he's been making claims of military service for years prior to the Dux video, presumably to boost his credibility as a martial arts instructor and launch a career as a Hollywood action star/fight choreographer? If that is indeed the case, it's utterly sickening.
...and what the **** is this?
And... you'll finally learn "The Punch" — the stunning nerve-shattering strike that is the meat-and-potatoes of the best combat veterans he's trained. (Instant fight-ending technique.)


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Marry Me Perfume
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Marry Me Perfume by Lanvin, Love is in the air with marry me by the house of lanvin . Released in august 2010, marry me intertwines top notes of orange blossom, freesia and passionate peach with lovely floral heart notes of jasmine, rose and magnolia. Mysterious base notes include musk, amber and virginia cedar. This intoxicating fragrance was created to represent the union of a woman with her choice of perfume. Marry me embodies that special relationship that can only exist when the chemistry ... Read More ... Read More is just right. All products are original, authentic name brands. We do not sell knockoffs or imitations.
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Since finding this fragrance I'm hooked, line and sinker, and stand by my brand. It draws compliments from lots of women so it can be a bit embarrassing telling them it's called Marry...Read complete review
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Retail Jobs in Jacksonville, FL at Best Buy Careers
Jacksonville Retail JobsIf you are seeking Retail Jobs in Jacksonville, FL you've come to the right place. At Best Buy, we'll help you maximize your career.
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Results 1 – 20 of 20 Page 1 of 1
Results 1 – 20 of 20 Page 1 of 1


text:
WALLA WALLA — It was a buzz that left the town abuzz.
Two low-flying military jets which flew over Walla Walla and College Place about 9:30 p.m. Thursday evening created a stir that was still percolating this morning.
The aircraft were two EA-18G Growler jets from Whidbey Island Naval Air Station. Anthony Popp, deputy public affairs officer, said the two jets left the base at 9 p.m., performed practice approaches at Walla Walla Regional Airport and then returned home.
Growlers are electronic warfare jets that went into service in 2009 and are the successor to the EA-6B Prowlers that used to be flown commonly in the area.
Judging from comments on Facebook, the low-flying aircraft brought people out of their home, panicked some pets and set off a car alarm or two.
Ed Reading, a resident of Catherine Street, said in an email the aircraft "sounded like it was coming into the house. We were getting ready for bed, but we put our clothes back on and went out into the street."
Reading said the aircraft "was military, judging by the noise; they don't have the noise suppression that civilians do. He was at 200 to 300 feet, which is unusually low for a five-mile approach to Walla Walla Regional Airport. I saw the landing light (on the nose, not the wing); a skinny body; the two wingtip lights; two exhausts, close to the centerline, not on the wing. As he passed I thought I saw a T-tail, but I'm not certain."
Patrons at the Fort Walla Walla amphitheater also heard the aircraft, which flew over during the intermission of this season's summer musical production.
Andy Porter can be reached at firstname.lastname@example.com or 526-8318.
More like this story
Jerrycummins 1 year, 11 months ago
I also heard the aircraft. To me, it sounded like the cost of freedom.
ImJustSayin 1 year, 11 months ago
I know they can't, but it would be great if we could get advance notice of when they're heading our way. They're a cool sight!
barracuda 1 year, 11 months ago
Even more cool after dark...
Jerrycummins 1 year, 11 months ago
I also heard the military aircraft flying over Walla Walla. It certainly sounded to me like the cost of freedom. Go Navy!
Jerrycummins 1 year, 11 months ago
I also heard the aircraft overhead last night. It sounded like the price of freedom to me.
Jerrycummins 1 year, 11 months ago
I also heard the military aircraft flying over Walla Walla last night. It sounded like the price of freedom to me.
Jerrycummins 1 year, 11 months ago
I heard the aircraft last night also. It sure sounded like the price of freedom to me. Go Navy!
Hersey 1 year, 11 months ago
Okay Jerry, we get your point. I also heard them, and I thought they were going to crash into my house. I thought my neighbor was mowing his lawn, until it got louder and louder. When I went outside and saw what they were, I thought it was really cool.
CRANE07 1 year, 11 months ago
Jerry, It's not the price of freedom. It's the SOUND of freedom! I have no doubt that they flew by the rules. They're pro's. Hey we are lucky to live in a nice quite area. A reminder of who we owe this to every 5 or ten years is a small price to pay. No doubt it'll be another ten years after the whining here in Walla Walla.
ImJustSayin 1 year, 11 months ago
He meant it in a good way. He's a vet
Csivley 1 year, 11 months ago
It's the sound of freedom, glad to have them. Should encourage more practice approaches into ALW.
chicoli 1 year, 11 months ago
Jerry is already making more noise ( with his 6 postings) than the Navy fighters! ( Just kidding, Jerry). Back in the 90s our KC- 135s from Fairchild AFB did similar exercises over the Walla Walla airport with more noise than the Navy planes. As I recall nobody complained then.


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July 1, 2015
Stay Connected Anywhere
Stay Connected Anywhere
SALINA, Kan. (AP) _ The city of Salina and other water users are considering forming a new group to buy additional storage at Kanopolis Reservoir.
Salina city commissioners decided Monday that the city should pursue creating a Lower Smoky Hill Water Supply Access District. The group would include other cities, industries and farmers that get water from the Smoky Hill River.
The Salina Journal reports the Kansas Legislature approved creation of the district in 2011. Detailed regulations were finished last August but the group has not been formed yet.
By buying storage in the lake, members of the access district would be able to have water sent to them during drought, and those with older water rights wouldn't be able to use that water.
Click Here to access the online Public Inspection File
Viewers with disabilities can get assistance accessing this station's FCC Public Inspection File by contacting the station with the information listed below. Questions or concerns relating to the accessibility of the FCC's online public file system should be directed to the FCC at 888-225-5322, 888-835-5322 (TTY), or firstname.lastname@example.com.


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I figured I'd give you an update as to how shit was going. I competed in the Kumite in Pittsburgh this morning at white belt super heavy weight. I went 2 - 0 and took first.
Anyone else compete in this tournament or compete lately?
I figured I'd give you an update as to how shit was going. I competed in the Kumite in Pittsburgh this morning at white belt super heavy weight. I went 2 - 0 and took first.
Anyone else compete in this tournament or compete lately?
"Speed plus mass equals destruction" - Brock Lesnar
Nice dude that's rad, I haven't competed in anything since high school. That's good for you though, I'm kind of envious, I'd like to wrestle again, or maybe try judo.
1-0 Sig/Av Bets
good luck Palma
yo man make sure you let us know how you do.
Anyways, I'm kind of worried because when I trained no-gi last Monday I gave up my back in every sparring session. I only got subbed once and I rolled out of one into an ankle lock, but I can't remember how I gave it up each time. I was pretty good about keeping the hooks out and avoided getting scored on, but I don't know what I was doing wrong.
One cool thing was Jake Shield's brother was my training partner so I learned allot about the techniques we went over (Guillatine and Guillatine escapes). That dude is fucking rediculously good.
Thanks everyone.
I weighed in at 214 for this one. I don't even know how I got that low it was pretty much an accident.
I subbed the first guy with a kimura, and won the second fight on points.
Sorry this was so delayed in responding I was at the beach all week.
Good luck Palma, let us know how it goes.
"Speed plus mass equals destruction" - Brock Lesnar
I won gold. I had two fights. I won my first 8 to 0. I had two takedowns and I passed his guard twice. In the finals I was up 8 to 0 after he went for a flying arm-bar right off the bat I passed his guard twice and then got mount and then finished him with a arm-triangle. My friend took a vid of half of the second fight so I will post it in a few days when he gets it to me. All in all it was a cool experience... Robert Drysdale was there and reffed most of the fights. Both of my arms are totally racked though as I got in deep arm-bars in both fight. Luckily I had retard strength to get out of them and win the fights.
Last edited by Palma; 07-14-2008 at 08:55 AM.
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