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Ticketcharge.com.my website hacked
Ticketcharge.com.my, a Malaysian website that sells event tickets online appears to have been hacked. Forgot to take a screenshot of it but this screenshot from google cache taken today can be seen below. This happened over the weekend or perhaps earlier.
Google cache here . This will be gone when google re-cache the site again.
Original Site:
- Kali Linux – The Most Advanced Penetration Testing Linux Distribution
- Microsoft Says You SHOULD Re-use Passwords Across Sites
- Dradis v2.9 – Information Sharing For Security Assessments
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Processed by: Processed by; machine-readable finding aid created by:Encoded by
Richard Baylor Hickman Collection
The Filson Historical Society Special Collections Louisville, Kentucky 40208 USA
Open to researchers.
[Identification of item], Richard Baylor Hickman Collection, 1780-1897, Special Collections, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville.
0.33 cubic ft.
Collector. Collection of autograph letters, commissions, deeds, minutes of meetings, and miscellaneous documents. Included are letters and documents from the collections of Bennett H. Young and Samuel M. Duncan, relating chiefly to Jessamine County, Ky., and its citizens; letters, 1890-1897, of Samuel M. Duncan to General Young describing letters, documents, and books sent to him by Young; miscellaneous documents, 1780-1822, relating to Louisville, Ky.; Clark Family papers, 1790-1814; letters from Robert J. Breckinridge, James Garrard, Leslie Combs, John J. Crittenden, Jefferson Davis, Edward Everett, James Harlan, and Richard Mentor Johnson; records, 1790-1848, of Mercer County, Ky., including marriage records, 1827-1828; constitution, by-laws, and minutes of meetings of the Young Men's Literary Society of Nicholasville, Ky., 1847 -1849. Also includes a letter from Jefferson Davis to Governor John Letcher of Virginia, introducing Alexander H. Stephens as special commissioner of the Confederate States to the government of Virginia, 1861
Hosted by the University of Kentucky
Contact us: email@example.com


text:
"I was very impressed with both the quality of both the paper and print work. Also loved the fact that the wording could be personalised so easily. The design is relaxed and stylish. Excellent product and service which I will be using again without any hesitation. Thankyou!"
"This was a very beautiful card that came out exactly how I imagined. The paper quality was very good and the printing was amazing. Our family and friends loved it!! Would highly recommend!!"
"This card was perfect except that it had no religious symbol on it. The design team was able to add a cross instead of the initial. The team member was extremely helpful. Turned out perfect!"
"This card was "sweet" to begin with, but with my sweet baby's name on it, it only made this card even sweeter! Personalizing this card was made so easy using the template provided by Tiny Prints. With the choice of 2 colour schemes, it was easy to have this card fit into any decor plans you may have for your event. Printing is clear, and the suggested fonts to choose from make it a cinch to create the perfect invite on quality paper. I can't wait to send out these Sweet Cards, and to get my RSVPs and good reviews!"
"I would recommend this invite to everyone if your looking for an elegant design. I chose to add the pearl effect to it as it made the black background even nicer. The only complaint that I have is that the blue coloring is very faint, almost looking like its white. I wished the blue would be darker so that it could stand out against the black."


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Lemon drizzle cake
By Tana Ramsay
Cooking timePrep: 15 mins Cook: 45 mins
Skill levelEasy
ServingsCuts into 10 slices
It's difficult not to demolish this classic by Tana Ramsay in just one sitting, so why not make two at once?
Nutrition and extra info
Additional info
- Freezable
Nutrition per slice
- kcalories
- 399
- protein
- 5g
- carbs
- 50g
- fat
- 21g
- saturates
- 13g
- fibre
- 1g
- sugar
- 33g
- salt
- 0.3g
- 225g unsalted butter, softened
- 225g caster sugar
- 4 eggs
- finely grated zest 1 lemon
- 225g self-raising flour
For the drizzle topping
- juice 1½ lemons
- 85g caster sugar
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Tana says...
Having put lots of effort into making your gifts, take a bit of time to wrap them up. Sheets of cellophane are great and can be tied together with festive ribbons and decorations. Or look out for reasonably priced jars, dishes and cups, which make any gift look really special and can be used again afterwards.
- Heat oven to 180C/fan 160C/gas 4. Beat together 225g softened unsalted butter and 225g caster sugar until pale and creamy, then add 4 eggs, one at a time, slowly mixing through. Sift in 225g flour, then add the finely grated zest of 1 lemon and mix until well combined. Line a loaf tin (8 x 21cm) with greaseproof paper, then spoon in the mixture and level the top with a spoon.
- Bake for 45-50 mins until a thin skewer inserted into the centre of the cake comes out clean. While the cake is cooling in its tin, mix together the juice of 1 1/2 lemons and 85g caster sugar to make the drizzle. Prick the warm cake all over with a skewer or fork, then pour over the drizzle – the juice will sink in and the sugar will form a lovely, crisp topping. Leave in the tin until completely cool, then remove and serve. Will keep in an airtight container for 3-4 days, or freeze for up to 1 month.
Recipe from Good Food magazine, December 2007
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Comments, questions and tips
Very good recipe tastes delish! I've made two all ready and they have not failed at all. I am planning to make one for my little brother for his birthday. Baked it for 45 mins. Came out looking good, tasted it best lemon drizzle I have made ever. Don't know why other peoples have sunk in the middle. I will be using this recipe in the future
Took me 4 attempts to make this cake without it sinking in the middle! I saw it was a common problem. Don't over beat the batter, mix everything in slowly and make sure you don't fill the tin too much leave a good few cms for it to rise. I added half a teaspoon of baking powder, half a tbsp of milk, one lemon zest and half a lemon juice to the batter. It cooked for 1 hour and 5 mins, hasn't cracked in the middle or sunk! Hopefully will taste nice x
my second time making this, first time i used 3 eggs (as i didnt have 4), golden granulated sugar for the mix and the drizzle, it tasted lovely but needed just a little extra lemon in the cake itself so today i used 4 eggs and caster sugar, rinds from 2 lemons and juice of one lemon in the cake mix - the sponge itself seems to taste of less lemon than when i used rind from just one lemon and i can taste egg, not as nice as try one. Next time i will be doing what i did first time, using 3 eggs and golden granulated sugar, it seemed to crisp the top up more than the caster sugar has done and rinds from two lemons but not the juice as the sponge hasnt gone as well with the lemon juice added to it
I've made this cake many times now and it always tastes lovely. It does take longer to cook in my oven and I do add the zest of 2 lemons plus the juice of half a lemon. My only "issue" with this cake is that it always rises and splits on top (which doesn't affect the great taste of the cake, and personally I like the rustic look.) but if I wanted to how would I go about getting my cake nice, flat and level on top?
I am normally hopeless at baking and have had so many baking disasters recently, especially with Victoria Sponge. This recipe worked like a dream and was moist, tangy and delicious Everyone seemed to love it. I followed all the advice re. tweaking and used the juice of half a lemon in the mix plus the zest of two lemons I also used icing sugar for the topping and skewered the cake so the lemon topping would run in to the cake a little more. Lemon rind on the top looked very pretty. I will definitely use this recipe agin but in my oven at 160 degrees the cake took close to one hour and 10 minutes to bake! At 50 minutes it was still completely runny in the middle.


text:
Picture: Taylor Swift Los Angeles Premiere of 'Easy A' held at Grauman's Chinese Theatre in Hollywood Los Angeles, California - 13.09.10
Taylor Swift was named Songwriter-Artist Of The Year at the Nashville Songwriters Association International (NSAI) gala on Sunday (17Oct10) - marking the third time she has won the trophy.
The 20-year-old country star picked up another prize for her mantle as she was recognised for her hit singles Fifteen, Love Story and You Belong With Me at the celebration in Nashville, Tennessee.
Accepting the honour, Swift said, "Since I can remember, my favourite thing in the whole world was a good story - going back to when my mom and dad would read me stories when I was little, and then discovering poetry in English class. Then I discovered this town called Nashville, where they tell the coolest stories. In my opinion, they tell them in the most magical ways.
"I thank you from the bottom of my heart for being so generous with me. Whether it was telling fairy tales or sad stories or stories that were just about my life and what I was going through, you've been wonderful to me. And I'm having a blast telling stories."
Later that night, country musicians Pat Alger, Steve Cropper and late songwriters Stephen Foster and Paul Davis were inducted into the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame.
Singer Garth Brooks was on hand to salute Alger by performing acoustic versions of songs they have written together, including That Summer and Unanswered Prayers, and telling the crowd: "I love this guy, and me and him should not love each other. We're as different as night and day can be. This poor guy has been tormented by me over the last couple of decades."


text:
An Inside Track To A Big Sale
Date Added: Jul 2009
Format: HTML
Find someone who can materially benefit from owning your company. Sounds obvious, right? It's surprising how many people think that just because someone has money that they are automatically a buyer. Buyers aren't stupid; they are generally some of the more productive people out there. Buyers are inquisitive and poke around to see what is out there. In the current market, though, most buyers purchase based on a personal relationship with someone at the target company.


text:
Florida Tea Party Unanimously Rejects Solar Power Amendment
The solar power industry and the so-called Green Tea Party suffered a crushing defeat last week as The Villages Tea Party voted overwhelmingly to oppose a Florida constitutional amendment to give the solar power industry special rights to sell power directly to electricity consumers. The vote followed a highly publicized debate between prominent solar power lobbyist Alexander Snitker and Heartland Institute Vice President of External Relations James Taylor at The Villages Tea Party's weekly meeting.
Atlanta-based Green Tea Party founder and solar power activist Debbie Dooley was scheduled to debate Taylor at the June 15 Villages Tea Party meeting, but Dooley called in sick claiming health issues prevented her from debating Taylor.
Unanimous Vote Against Solar


text:
Product Details
Report on the World Social Situation 2010: Rethinking Poverty
Release Date: February, 2010
Sales Number: 09.IV.10
202 page(s), 6x9
Binding: Paperback
Publisher: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs
The 2010 issue of the Report on the World Social Situation focuses on the challenge of achieving poverty reduction. The Millennium Development Goals seek to halve, by 2015, the level of extreme poverty that existed since 1990. The Report begins with an overview of global, regional and selected country poverty trends over the period 1981-2005, critically examines the conventional policy framework and popular poverty reduction programmes, argues that a commitment to eradicating poverty and to enhancing equity and social integration requires consistent actions directed towards sustainable economic growth, productive employment creation and social development, entailing an integrated approach to economic and social policies for the benefit of all citizens. It recommends consideration of the policy approaches that have dominated the disclosure on growth and poverty thus far.


text:
Palazzo Zaminga -Appartamento medio- Casa Vacanze
from £41 /night help Price for guests, Nights
3 reviews
from £41 /night help Price for guests, Nights
Estimated nightly price based on a weekly stay. Excludes fees (if applicable). Enter your dates to see the total cost.
House / 3 bedrooms / sleeps 6
Availability Your dates are available
House / 3 bedrooms / sleeps 6
|Key Info
Palazzo Zaminga (Zaminga Palace) is a old 1500's home, now holiday home, restored in the 90s. We are in the centre of Carpignano Salentino, rural village in the heart of Salento, 8 km from Otranto and the adriatic sea. We offer accommodation in two independent apartments, with a capacity for 5 and 7 people, and a little indipendent room with bathroom and no kitchen.
The palace, in the centre of Carpignano, was built in 1500 century by Zaminga Family (in front of the building there's an insigna that looks to from the original family, which retains the coat of arms marked by three trees with foliage pointed (maybe) in reference to farms or to the three buildings in the old town.
The palace, for long time in ruins, divided into smaller units, was unified and developed in the nineties with conservative criteria by the current owners, the family Colavero, originally from Carpignano Salentino.
It consists of one big (dividible in three units) , with a large terrace on the roofs of the old town with view of the sea, the green of the olive trees and the blue of the Adriatic in the majestic backdrop of Albania.
Is possible to rent all three apartments of Palazzo Zaminga (which actually is a single building in the center of Carpignano Salentino), for a total capacity of 12/14 guests. Ask for information and pricing.
The apartment "Za" of "Palazzo Zaminga" consists of: two entrance doors on the balcony, the first, on the north side, opens onto a large room with a fireplace made of local stone of ancient workmanship, and on a room with arc m.3 * 2.5. Some steps allows access on the balcony of the portal and an iron staircase to the loft. The second door opens onto a south room with a kitchen for 3.5 m.2, bath m.1 for 3 with sink, toilet, bidet and shower and a bedroom for 3.5 *.2. A straight red in iron and wood door from the living room to the loft, where, under the pitched roof, takes place a double bed. From the loft you can access the beautiful and large solarium, in common with the apartment "Ga", where you have a splendid view over the rooftops of Carpignano Salentino to the sea, clearly visible on the horizon.
The "ZA" apartment offers 4 to 5 beds. It has a double bed on the mezzanine, a wardrobe and a chest of drawers, a bed and a half square in the room with the arc, two beds in the room next to the bathroom, a sofa bed, a dresser. Kitchen equipped with fridge. Air conditioning on the loft room.
In the summer months is fine for lovers of sun and sea ( away but only 10 minutes from touristic Caos) and in other seasons is for creatives and researchers, lovers of silence measured only by the clock tower and the cooing of doves.
|Sleeps up to 6, 3 bedrooms
|Nearest beach
|Alimini - San Foca - Torre dell'Orso 8 km
|Car advised
|Nearest travel links
|Nearest airport: Brindisi Casale 70 km, Nearest railway: Lecce 30 km
|Family friendly
|Great for children of all ages
|Pets welcome, Yes, smoking allowed
Features and Facilities
|DVD player
|Air conditioning, TV
|Cooker, Fridge, Freezer
|3 bedrooms, 1 bathrooms of which 1 Shower rooms, Solarium or roof terrace
|Double beds (2), Single beds (2), Dining seats for 6, Lounge seats for 2
|Linen provided, Towels provided
|Balcony or terrace
|Not suitable for wheelchair users
The Puglia region
From Wiki.org
Salento (Salentu in local dialect) is the south-eastern extremity of the Apulia region of Italy. It is a sub-peninsula of the main Italian Peninsula, sometimes described as the "heel" of the Italian "boot". It encompasses the entire administrative area of the province of Lecce, a large part of the administrative area of Brindisi and part of that of Taranto. The peninsula is also known as Terra d'Otranto, and in ancient times was called variously Messapia, Calabria, and Salentina.
Messapia (from Greek) was the ancient name of a region of Italy largely corresponding to modern Salento. It was inhabited chiefly by the Messapii in classical times. Pokorny derives the toponym from PIE *medhyo-, "middle" and PIE *ap-, "water" (Mess-apia, "amid waters"; Note: the asterisk before a word indicates that it is a hypothetical construction, not an attested form). Pokorny compares the toponym Messapia to another ancient Italic toponym, Salapia, "salt water", a city in Apulia.
Salento peninsula is a rock of limestone dividing the Adriatic Sea from the Ionian Sea. Known also as "peninsula salentina", from a geo-morphologic point of view it encompasses the land borders between Ionian sea and the Adriatic sea to the "Messapic threshold", a depression that runs along the Taranto-Ostuni line and separates it from the Murge. Its borders are:
Salento, from a cultural and linguistic point of view, does not include the city of Taranto (where the Tarantino dialect is spoken), nor the rest of Taranto province to the west of the city (where Pugliese-Apulian is the dialect generally spoken), nor the rest of the province of Brindisi to north of Ostuni (where the accent is influenced by the dialect of Bari). Beside these borders, the language can be defined generally as "pugliese" (Apulian), belonging to "the southern" tipology. To the south and east, the Griko and Salentino dialect are spoken.
A number of places, the coasts above all, are remarkable landscapes and environments, among them the Alimini Lakes, on the Adriatic coast, and Porto Selvaggio, on the Ionic coast.
The soil is very fertile: some of the finest olive trees and grapes grow here, and their products are exported worldwide.
Salento's coasts are varied, and can be sandy or rocky, but all boast pristine beaches and crystal-clear waters. Some of the most renowned locations in Salento for summer holidays (from May/June to September) are: Ostuni, Casalabate, Ceglie Messapica, Oria, Ugento, Manduria, Porto Cesareo, Gallipoli, Torre dell'Orso, Otranto, Santa Maria di Leuca, Lizzano, Pulsano, Santa Cesarea Terme.
Salento is a peaceful land full of history and traditions whose strong points are its natural and architectural beauties, hospitality, atmosphere, and of course sea and its coast.
Carpignano Salentino
The holiday - home "Zaminga Palace" is in Carpignano Salentino, in the province of Lecce, a few kilometers from Otranto, St. Andrew, the Alimini lakes and the beautiful beaches of the Adriatic coast.
Carpignano Salentino, country of Greek Salento, is a typical rural village calm and silent, on the edge of the routes of mass tourism of Salento. Here, the first week of September, there is the last festival of the Salento, the "Festa te lu Mieru" (wine festival).
As a municipality belonging to the Greek Salento, Salento is Karpinjan stage from traveling festival "La Notte della Taranta" is here where one of the evenings of the first phase of the event, which ends with a big concert in Melpignano Salentino, just 6 kilometers away.
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Photo Flash: First Look at String Quartet ETHEL at Denison University
by BWW News Desk - September 17, 2014
GRANVILLE, Ohio—Denison University announces the launch of its first Ensemble-in-Residence program, a collaboration between the Department of Music and the Vail Series. The Ensemble-in-Residence program will engage the entire campus and the greater community in an exploration of music and other acad... (more...)
Photo Flash: Anthony Kearns Performs in Sacramento
by BWW News Desk - August 14, 2014
World-renowned Tenor Anthony Kearns, of The Irish Tenors, recently performed two back-to-back concerts, on July 24th and 25th, in Sacramento, CA. Scroll down for photos!... (more...)
Composer Lera Auerbach to Launch Bold New Commissioning Project for Upcoming 'Concerto for Piano and Orchestra'
by Peter Danish - August 14, 2014
Since she burst onto the scene while still a student a Juilliard, pianist and composer, Lera Auerbach, has always been a bit of a trend setter and rule breaker and her exciting and audacious new project appears to be no exception. It is a global collaborative commissioning project for her new 'Conce... (more...)
Photo Coverage: New York Pops Conducter Steven Reineke Weds Eric Gabbard in Star-Studded Ceremony
by Stephen Sorokoff - August 05, 2014
Leonard Bernstein titled a book 'The Joy Of Music'. The first time I attended a New York Pops concert with Steven Reineke at the helm that's the first thing I thought of. By the time the last note was played I realized the Pops new music director was much more than that. Steven also represents The J... (more...)
Photo Flash: N'Kenge Joins Indianapolis Symphony for 'CLASSIC FM' Concert
by BWW News Desk - July 24, 2014
N'Kenge (Motown: The Musical, Sondheim on Sondheim), reunited with Pops Conductor Jack Everly to perform as a soloist with the Indianapolis Symphony in a new concert CLASSIC FM: RADIO HITS FROM THE DECADES. Below, BroadwayWorld has exclusive photos from opening night!... (more...)
Photo Flash: A Look Back on Prolific Career of Maestro Lorin Maazel
by BWW Special Coverage - July 14, 2014
As BWW reported earlier today, renowned conductor, violinist and composer Lorin Maazel passed away yesterday, July 13th at the age of 84 due to complications of pneumonia.... (more...)
Photo Flash: Washington Times Honors America's Veterans with Help of Anthony Kearns and More
by BWW News Desk - May 30, 2014
The Washington Times honored America's veterans, with an emphasis on the dozens of veterans serving in Congress, in a gala celebration just before Memorial Day on May 21, 2014. The ticketed event took place at the Capitol Hill Club from 6 to 8 p.m. The evening's entertainment was provided by renowne... (more...)
|BWW Reviews: Audra McDonald Enchants at Wolf Trap
Become a Fan, Follower & Subscriber
BWW Feature: THREE NEW RELEASES FROM PIANIST JEFFREY BIEGEL
by Peter Danish


text:
Natasha Marley's For Your Eyes Only
Available On
Customers Who Bought This Product Also Bought
Only for your eyes and absolutely, positively only for your pleasure! Starring Natasha Marley, Cindy Behr and many more.
Product Information
DetailLength 2 hrs. 18 mins.
Rating XXX
Released Jan 11 2011
Added Dec 29 2010
Empire SKU 1561706
Studio Bluebird Films
Number of Discs 1
UPC Code 798304139068
Interactive Menus
Chapter Selection
Slide Show
Pop Shots
Web Site Information
Female Cast
All Sex, Foreign, Point Of View


text:
Game Gear
Sega's first hand held video game system. It was the portable version of the Master System.
Launched on October 28, 1990
Hosts 289 games
Game Wave
The Game Wave Family Entertainment System is a simple DVD-based game platform from ZAPiT Games.
Launched on October 01, 2005
Hosts 14 games
Before the DS brought touchscreen gaming into the mainstream, Tiger's Game.com had players poking at LCD screens for hours. Well maybe not hours. Minutes! Minutes of joy were had by all!
Launched on September 12, 1997
Hosts 23 games
The Nintendo GameCube officially abbreviated to NGC in Japan and GCN in other regions, is a sixth generation video game console released by Nintendo on September 15, 2001 in Japan, November 18, 2001 in North America, May 3, 2002 in Europe, and May 17, 2002 in Australia.
Launched on September 14, 2001
Hosts 637 games
GamePark 32
The GamePark 32 is a Korean handheld that actually attained popularity in European markets after its release. The console was popular due to its vast abilities, including emulation, freeware, homebrew, music playback, and more.
Launched on November 23, 2001
Hosts 34 games
After the cult success of their 8-bit Master System, Sega decided to give gamers a taste of their arcade capabilities with a 16-bit console. Known worldwide as the Mega Drive but called Genesis in the US, it provided graphics and sound a couple of steps below their popular System 16 arcade boards. The Mega Drive/Genesis turned out to be Sega's most successful console.
Launched on October 29, 1988
Hosts 902 games
The Gizmondo is a failed handheld console, which launched in 2005. It was potentially revolutionary for having functionality such as GPRS mobile data connection, a camera, GPS, a multimedia player and of course game playing all in one unit.
Launched on October 01, 2005
Hosts 21 games
Mattel's HyperScan allowed players to scan in RFID-equipped cards to bring in new characters, weapons, and powers. It came packaged with X-Men, Spider-Man and Ben 10.
Launched on October 01, 2006
Hosts 5 games
The Intellivision by Mattel Electronics was a system known for its "unique" controllers and cutting-edge graphics in the early 1980s, but it was ultimately completely thrashed by the technically less powerful Atari 2600.
Launched on January 02, 1979
Hosts 123 games
The iPad is a "multimedia tablet computer" with a 9.7" touchscreen, and has a 7.9" derivative, the iPad mini. The iPad can browse the web, playback local and streamed content, and run a large variety of third party apps, including games.
Launched on April 27, 2010
Hosts 2293 games
The iPhone is a multimedia multi-touch smartphone created by Apple Inc.
Launched on June 01, 2007
Hosts 3061 games
The Apple iPod is a popular MP3 player that garnered a bit of game support due to its large market. Support for games never took off until the newer, touch-screen iPod Touch and iPhones were released, and development of iPod Classic games has ceased.
Launched on October 23, 2001
Hosts 69 games
The Atari Jaguar was the first 64-Bit game console, and Atari's final console.
Launched on November 30, 1993
Hosts 74 games
Leapfrog Didj
The Leapfrog Didj is a handheld console that was originally released in 2008. It's built for educational software, but runs a Linux distribution that has created a bit of hacker interest.
Launched on August 22, 2008
Hosts 16 games
The LeapFrog Leapster is a stylus-based educational game device aimed at children under 10.
Launched on November 29, 2003
Hosts 42 games
The Linux operating system was initially released in 1991 and has gone on to become a very popular free alternative to other, commercial systems.
Launched on October 05, 1991
Hosts 1292 games
The Macintosh (Mac) line of personal computers is designed and developed by Apple, Inc. - formerly Apple Computer, Inc. It runs an operating system called Mac OS. Its current version, Mac OS X 10.10, nicknamed "Yosemite", was released October 2014.
Launched on January 31, 1984
Hosts 4192 games
Mega Duck
The Mega Duck is a 1993 handheld that was released in some territories under the name Cougar Boy. It was released as the Mega Duck in France, Germany, Brazil, and China. The handheld was also released as the Cougar Boy in the USA and some other countries.
Launched on August 31, 1993
Hosts 10 games
Memorex MD 2500 VIS
The Memorex MD 2500, also known as the Tandy VIS, was released in 1992. It ran a version of Windows that can be described as a precursor to WinCE and primarily focused on educational games.
Launched on December 31, 1992
Hosts 6 games
The first gaming handheld, Surpisingly big but extremely rare.
Launched on November 05, 1979
Hosts 13 games
MSX is a standardized home computer architecture. It was popular in Japan, South Korea, Brazil, Netherlands, France, Spain, Finland, Arabian Gulf countries and former Soviet Union during the 1980s. Like the PC of today, the MSX computers were manufactured by many different companies.
Launched on June 16, 1983
Hosts 849 games
The N-Gage (later re-released as N-Gage QD) was a failed gaming platform developed by phone manufacturer Nokia. Games in MMC-Card format were sold for the platform, and towards the end, games were available for download to your own MMC.
Launched on October 07, 2003
Hosts 74 games
The first in NEC's PC-6000 line of computers.
Launched on November 01, 1981
Hosts 95 games
This NEC computer was released in 1981 and is more commonly referred to as the PC-88.
Launched on January 31, 1981
Hosts 294 games
A 16/32-bit Japanese personal computer system launched by NEC in 1982. It was the most successful computer platform in Japan and one of the best-selling computer systems of the 20th century. It has a very large video game library with thousands of titles, the majority of which were never released outside Japan.
Launched on October 31, 1982
Hosts 385 games
Neo Geo
The Neo Geo was a console released by SNK in 1990, featuring a 16/32-bit 68000 CPU with an additional 8-bit Z80 CPU and custom GPU chipset. An arcade-based console considerably powerful for a home system at the time, the Neo Geo was notoriously expensive (costing $650 at launch) and aggressively marketed as an Advanced Entertainment System (AES).
Launched on January 31, 1990
Hosts 138 games
Neo Geo CD
The Neo Geo CD was released after its cartridge-based equivalent, in an effort to reduce manufacturing costs.
Launched on October 31, 1994
Hosts 83 games
Neo Geo Pocket
The Neo Geo Pocket is SNK Playmore's first handheld video game console. The console did not do as well as expected, and had a short life span and small game library.
Launched on August 06, 1999
Hosts 12 games
Neo Geo Pocket Color
The Neo Geo Pocket Color is a 16 bit color handheld console from SNK.
Launched on March 16, 1999
Hosts 65 games
New Nintendo 3DS
Nintendo's "New 3DS" adds some additional control functionality and horsepower, allowing for some games that can only run on the new hardware, not on Nintendo's original 3DS.
Launched on October 11, 2014
Hosts 2 games
Nintendo 3DS
The Nintendo 3DS is a portable game console produced by Nintendo. The handheld features stereoscopic 3D technology that doesn't require glasses. It was released in Japan on February 26, 2011 and in North America on March 27, 2011.
Launched on February 26, 2011
Hosts 483 games
Nintendo 3DS eShop
The products that make up the various segments of Nintendo's 3DS eShop include new releases, updated version of old games, and emulated versions of old games.
Launched on June 14, 2011
Hosts 572 games
Nintendo 64
The successor to the Super Nintendo, the Nintendo 64 was Nintendo's entry in the 32/64 bit war. Although its library would include some of the most beloved games of that era, delays and a lack of third party support caused it to fall behind Sony's Playstation in sales.
Launched on June 23, 1996
Hosts 375 games
Nintendo 64DD
The Nintendo 64 Disk Drive was an expansion for the Nintendo 64 allowing the use of magnetic disks that offered greater storage capacity and the ability to be written to.
Launched on November 20, 1999
Hosts 10 games
Nintendo DS
The Nintendo DS is a handheld featuring two screens, one of which is a resistive touchscreen. Four different models are available: the original DS, the DS Lite, the DSi, the DSi XL.
Launched on November 21, 2004
Hosts 2080 games
Nintendo Entertainment System
The NES, also known as Famicom, launched in 1983 in Japan and 1985 in North America, where the video game industry was headed downhill due to a deluge of poor games and over-saturation. Nintendo's second home console became an enormous success, establishing consoles as a mainstream market in Japan and pulling the North American industry back to its feet.
Launched on July 15, 1983
Hosts 1345 games
Nintendo NX (working title)
As part of its announcement of an investment in the mobile games space, Nintendo reaffirmed its commentment to dedicated game hardware by confirming a new project called "NX."
Launched on December 31, 2017
Hosts 0 games
Originally called "Project X", the Nuon started out as a concept for a stand alone console but instead became a built in 3D enhancement technology in a handful of DVD players. NUON technology fared abysmally and the platform only managed to get 8 titles.
Launched on March 09, 1999
Hosts 17 games
The Magnavox Odyssey was the first home video game console.
Launched on August 31, 1972
Hosts 8 games
Odyssey 2
The Odyssey 2 was Magnavox's second console, which competed with the Atari 2600 and Fairchild Channel F.
Launched on December 02, 1978
Hosts 65 games
The Ouya is an Android-based device that hooks up to TVs and plays video games.
Launched on June 25, 2013
Hosts 220 games
The PC (Personal Computer) is a highly configurable and upgradable gaming platform that, among home systems, sports the widest variety of control methods, largest library of games, and cutting edge graphics and sound capabilities.
Launched on August 12, 1981
Hosts 19483 games
The NEC PC-FX was a console designed in the form of a PC and planned to be upgradable. It failed due to lack of 3D graphical power and little developer support. The PC-FX is known for it's large percentage of adult titles and was NEC Corporation's last gaming console.
Launched on December 31, 1994
Hosts 46 games
In a pinball machine the player is in control of two or more "flippers" (small movable bars) that are used to shoot a metal ball against different physical targets inside the machine.
Launched on July 03, 2015
Hosts 752 games


text:
Key things you need to know aboutDr. Copur:
Phone & Address
Check insurance plans, locations and make an appointment
Accepting new patients?
- Yes
Dr. Copur's Offices
- Saint Francis Cancer Treatment Center
- Saint Francis Cancer Treatment Center
- 2116 W Faidley Ave
- Grand Island, NE 68803
(308) 210-2552
- (308) 398-5450
- Directions
7 Tips to Prepare for Your Appointment
The key to a successful appointment is communication. To get the most out of your visit, prepare ahead of time so you can lead the conversation with your doctor. These 7 tips will get you ready
Dr. Copur's Experience
Research training, expertise and qualifications
Dr. Copur's Specialties
Procedures Dr. Copur Performs
- Bone Marrow Biopsy
- Thoracentesis
Conditions Dr. Copur Treats
- Acute Leukemia
- Adrenal Gland Cancer
- See all 75 conditions
More About Dr. Copur's Background
Hospital Quality
The right hospital is as important as the right doctor
- CHI Health St. Francis
- 2620 West Faidley Avenue
- Grand Island, NE 68803
9 Facts About Hospital Quality
Patients' risk of dying during a hospital stay for heart bypass surgery could be 85.2% lower, on average, at a hospital rated 5 stars compared to a hospital rated 1 star for that procedure. Choosing the right hospital is critical to your health. View Slideshow
Patient Satisfaction
Patients' feedback on their experience with Dr. Copur
Likelihood of recommending Dr. Copur to family and friends is 5 out of 5 5 1 8
See More Survey Results
8 Facts About Patient Satisfaction Surveys
Patient satisfaction surveys provide a standardized way of reporting about healthcare experiences. But there can be more than meets the eye when reviewing scores. Here's what you should know
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text:
Stores »
This cute design was created by a 10 year old.
We are a community of shoppers sharing our best finds from across the web.
© 2015 ThisNext, Inc. ThisNext is a member of BUZZMEDIA Entertainment, a division of BUZZMEDIA.
Create your own free digital magazine at our new site Glossi.com


text:
Photo by Rita Maas
YIELD: Make 6 servings
ACTIVE TIME: 15 min
TOTAL TIME: 1 hr
Preheat oven to 400°F.
Cut fennel bulbs crosswise into 1/16-inch-thick slices with slicer. Peel potatoes and cut crosswise into 1/16-inch-thick slices with slicer.
Transfer fennel and potatoes to baking dish and toss with garlic, salt, pepper, and 4 tablespoons oil. Spread vegetables evenly in dish and bake, covered with foil, in middle of oven until just tender, 25 to 30 minutes.
Season fish with salt and pepper and arrange on top of vegetables. Drizzle with remaining 2 tablespoons oil and bake, uncovered, until fish is just cooked through, 12 to 15 minutes.
* Available at Asian markets, many cookware shops, and Uwajimaya (800-889-1928).


text:
Jennifer Lopez was New Kids on the Block backup dancer
Before she was an "American Idol" judge and international superstar (and hey, even before she was a Fly Girl on "In Living Color"), Jennifer Lopez got a gig dancing backup for the New Kids on the Block at the 1991 American Music Awards, which Jay Leno delightfully trotted out video of during Monday night's (May 9) "Tonight Show."
That is outstanding. Maybe she can cameo on this summer's NKOTBSB tour.
J.Lo also talks in the interview about her Mother's Day, which she spent mostly in bed. "I did nothing and I loved it, I loved every minute of it. I stayed in bed ... Around 9:30, 10 o'clock, [the twins] come knocking on the door, 'Happy Mother's Day!', they're 3, each with a rose."
She also tells Jay about another job she had before she made it big. She was a Notary Public because she worked in a law office. Leno quips, "Someone must have some Jennifer Lopez-signed bankruptcy papers." She laughs and says, "Somewhere. This is true."
Photo/Video credit: NBC


text:
Examining bone marrow sections from the nestin-expressing mice and based on the presence of various molecules on the populations of cells found within, the team identified the nestin-expressing cells as MSCs. These cells, which outnumber the HSCs 10:1, were either in direct contact with the HSCs or in clusters around them.
"This close proximity suggested that there might be some kind of molecular signaling or cross-talk going on that might control HSC maintenance," explains Enikolopov, who has been investigating the consequence of this kind of cell-cell dialogue during tissue and organ development. "One hypothesis is that this interaction directs and regulates growth by teaching different types of cells where they ought to locate themselves and what they should do there."
This seems to be the case, at least in the bone marrow, as the collaborators found that altering the numbers of MSCs has a corresponding effect on the numbers of HSCs. Increasing the numbers of MSCs by injecting mice with a growth hormone caused HSCs to double in number. Inhibiting MSC proliferation via infusions of growth-inhibiting proteins, on the other hand, was followed by a dip in HSC numbers.
The collaborators also explored the consequence of completely eradicating bone marrow MSCs using genetic tools developed in Enikolopov's lab. The CSHL scientists created mice in which only nestin-expressing cellsthe MSCswere programmed to carry a receptor for a toxin molecule. Injecting mice with the toxin thus selectively wiped out the MSCs. As a result, the scientists observed a four-fold reduction in the numbers of HSCs in the bone marrow of these mice. In the absence of bone marrow MSCs, large numbers of HSCs injected into the mice also failed to make their w
|Contact: Hema Bashyam
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory


text:
DeAndre Jordan Signs with Dallas Mavericks: Center DeAndre Jordan has reached a free-agent deal with the Dallas Mavericks, league sources told ESPN. The deal's reportedly a four-year, $80 million max contract with a player option after the third season. Jordan, who was born in Houston and played for Texas A&M in college, led the league last season in field goal percentage at .710 and rebounds per game at 15.0 for the Los Angeles Clippers.
posted by rcade to basketball at 05:02 PM - 0 comments
SportsFilter: The Thursday Huddle
posted by huddle to general at 06:00 AM - 2 comments
SportsFilter: The Wednesday Huddle
posted by huddle to general at 06:00 AM - 7 comments
U.S. Defeats Germany, Advances to Women's World Cup Final: In a meeting of the world's top two FIFA-ranked teams, the United States defeated Germany 2-0 in the Women's World Cup semifinal and advances to the final for the second straight cup. Germany had a chance to take the lead in the second half but missed the first penalty kick in the team's WWC history. The U.S. got a penalty of its own shortly afterwards and Carli Lloyd scored. Lloyd had an assist on the second goal with a pass scored by Kelley O'Hara.
posted by rcade to soccer at 03:21 PM - 17 comments
SportsFilter: The Tuesday Huddle
posted by huddle to general at 06:00 AM - 3 comments
This is Vin Scully's 66th season broadcasting Dodger games. Seriously.:
A goddman national treasure, I will turn on any Dodger games I am awake for on the east coast, and go to sleep listening to him call a game.
posted by grum@work to baseball at 10:27 PM - 4 comments
CFL Pick 'Em, Week Two: Another Pick 'Em season is underway, this time with a possible-record-but-I'm-too-lazy-to-look-it-up sixteen players! So it figures that the first week sees three upsets, which means that you probably didn't get many points. Shake it off and make your picks inside.
posted by DrJohnEvans to fantasy at 03:53 PM - 19 comments
SportsFilter: The Monday Huddle
posted by huddle to general at 06:00 AM - 6 comments
SportsFilter: The Sunday Huddle
SportsFilter: The Saturday Huddle
posted by huddle to general at 06:00 AM - 4 comments
U.S. Defeats China, Advances to Women's World Cup Semifinals: The U.S. women's soccer team defeated China 1-0 Friday night, advancing to the semifinals of the Women's World Cup in Canada. The Americans were in solid control for most of the match but went into the half in a scoreless tie. In the 51st minute, Carli Lloyd scored on a header with a terrific pass from Julie Johnson near midfield. The U.S. will face Germany, which defeated France 5-4 on penalty kicks after being tied 1-1.
posted by rcade to soccer at 11:02 PM - 6 comments
NHL Playoff Pick 'Em Champion: Cixelsyd: The winner of SportsFilter's NHL prediction contest is Cixelsyd, who earned points by choosing the Chicago Blackhawks to win, Duncan Keith to win the Conn Smythe and lead in points, Corey Crawford to have the best goals-against average and himself to win this competition. Ufez Jones seizes the Costanza in a bold move late.
posted by rcade to hockey at 10:47 AM - 9 comments
SportsFilter: The Thursday Huddle
SportsFilter: The Wednesday Huddle
posted by huddle to general at 06:00 AM - 8 comments
Australian Rugby Player Dies After Tackle: A Queensland Cup rugby league player in Australia has died of injuries suffered during play. Sunshine Coast Falcons player James Ackerman, 24, was knocked unconscious Saturday by a tackle five minutes into a game and died on Monday. Details on the precise injury have not been released, but it was head- or neck-related. The Falcons are a regional team that serves as a feeder for the top-level Melbourne Storm in the National Rugby League.
posted by rcade to other at 03:43 PM - 0 comments
SportsFilter: The Tuesday Huddle
The 11th Annual chicobangs Memorial SpoFi CFL Pick 'Em: It's late June, which means the temperature has just nudged above freezing in Edmonton, which means that the snowbank covering Frank's Sporting Supply And Live Bait Shop has melted JUST enough to dig out the front door, which means that FINALLY Jake Ireland can walk in, pick up a fresh crate of regulation footballs, charge them on his Tim Horton's double-double card, allowing us to FINALLY end this run-on sentence and get the CFL season underway. Take a breath and make your picks inside.
posted by DrJohnEvans to fantasy at 09:40 PM - 20 comments
SpoFi NBA Pick 'Em final results: congratulations to grum@work and ic23b who tied for first place. (more inside)
posted by Ufez Jones to basketball at 04:59 PM - 3 comments
Ex-Met Darryl Hamilton found dead in murder-suicide: Former Mets outfielder Darryl Hamilton was identified by police in Pearland, Texas, as one of two victims in a murder-suicide.
posted by BornIcon to baseball at 02:45 PM - 3 comments
Pete Rose bet on MLB games while an active player in those games.:
posted by grum@work to baseball at 02:39 PM - 52 comments
Tokyo 2020 Committee Releases Short List of New Sports: Eight sports are in line for addition to the 2020 Tokyo Olympics: baseball/softball, bowling, roller sports, sport climbing, squash, surfing, wushu, and karate. Tokyo 2020 organizers will make their recommendation this September, with the IOC making its final decision next August. The list of non-recommended sports was a vast one: air sports, bowls, bridge, chess, dance sport, floorball, flying disc, football, korfball, netball, orienteering, polo, racquetball, sumo, tug of war, underwater sports and waterski and wakeboard.
posted by Etrigan to olympics at 02:13 PM - 7 comments
SportsFilter: The Monday Huddle
posted by huddle to general at 06:00 AM - 5 comments
SportsFilter: The Sunday Huddle
posted by huddle to general at 06:00 AM - 11 comments
Max Scherzer Has Perfect Game Through 8 2/3, But Hits Tabata: Washington Nationals pitcher Max Scherzer came within one strike of throwing a perfect game Saturday, but hit Jose Tabata on the elbow on a pitch Tabata leaned into. He then got Josh Harrison to fly out for a no-hitter. This follows a one-hitter on his last start, prompting an ESPN report to call this "perhaps the most dominant consecutive starts in the majors since Johnny Vander Meer pitched back-to-back no-hitters for Cincinnati in 1938." This was Scherzer's first no-hitter and the second in Nats history. He was drenched in chocolate syrup by teammates afterwards.
posted by rcade to baseball at 08:44 PM - 13 comments
SportsFilter: The Saturday Huddle
posted by huddle to general at 06:00 AM - 2 comments
The stories of Lonnie Smith.:
SBNation's Jon Bois has produced a third episode of his "Pretty Good" videos, and this one is about (possibly) the most interesting athlete of the 1980s, Lonnie Smith.
(Warning: There be some cursing in this here video.)
Brazil's World Cup Stadiums, One Year Later: ESPN looks at Brazil's 12 World Cup stadiums, some of which are barely used because they have no soccer club to fill them. One of the most glaring examples is Estadio Nacional Mane Garrincha in Brasilia, which cost $900 million to build and is only used by semi-pro clubs because the city lacks a large pro club. An estimated 30 to 40 percent of construction costs of these venues was lost to corruption.
posted by rcade to soccer at 01:09 PM - 3 comments
SportsFilter: The Thursday Huddle
posted by huddle to general at 06:00 AM - 6 comments
SportsFilter: The Wednesday Huddle
posted by huddle to general at 06:00 AM - 0 comments
Golden State Warriors Win NBA Title: Stephen Curry scored 25 points and dished eight assists Tuesday as Golden State defeated Cleveland 105-97 to claim the Warriors' first NBA championship in four decades. LeBron James, who almost single-handedly made the series competitive, finished with 32 points, 18 rebounds and nine assists for the Cavaliers. Andre Iguodala of the Warriors was chosen as the NBA Finals MVP.
posted by rcade to basketball at 12:26 AM - 11 comments
U.S. Beats Nigeria, Wins World Cup's "Group of Death": After finding out that qualification was guaranteed before the game, the United States defeated Nigeria 1-0 and won top spot in Group D of the Women's World Cup. Abby Wambach scored the only goal shortly before the half, turning a cross from Megan Rapinoe into a flying karate kick. The Americans' potential opponent in the first knockout game is looking like Thailand, France or Spain.
posted by rcade to soccer at 11:02 PM - 7 comments
St. Louis Cardinals Investigated by F.B.I. for Hacking Astros: The F.B.I. and Justice Department prosecutors are investigating whether front-office officials for the St. Louis Cardinals, one of the most successful teams in baseball over the past two decades, hacked into internal networks of a rival team to steal closely guarded information about player personnel.
posted by BornIcon to baseball at 11:41 AM - 10 comments
SportsFilter: The Tuesday Huddle
posted by huddle to general at 06:00 AM - 4 comments
Chicago Blackhawks Win Stanley Cup: In front of their home faithful, the Chicago Blackhawks shut out the Tampa Bay Lightning 2-0 Monday night to win the franchise's third Stanley Cup in five years. Duncan Keith and Patrick Kane scored for Chicago and goaltender Corey Crawford stopped all 25 shots he faced. Shortly before the game's end, broadcaster Mike Emrick announced that the Cup itself -- one of the most famous championship trophies in sport -- was not yet in the arena due to a weather delay and was being escorted by police.
posted by rcade to hockey at 10:59 PM - 7 comments
Warriors Win Game 5, Need One More for NBA Championship: Stephen Curry scored seven three-pointers and 37 points, leading the Golden State Warriors to a 104-91 win over the Cleveland Cavaliers that puts the team one win from an NBA championship. LeBron James had his second triple-double of the Finals with 40 points, 14 rebounds and 11 assists, but it wasn't enough. There were 20 lead changes in the game but the Warriors pulled away late.
posted by rcade to basketball at 08:56 AM - 14 comments
SportsFilter: The Monday Huddle
posted by huddle to general at 06:00 AM - 12 comments
Lightning Can't Get Out Of Own Way, Blackhawks Go Up 3-2: The Chicago Blackhawks are one game from another Stanley Cup, winning game 5 2-1 over the Tampa Bay Lightning on the road. Chicago's first goal was scored by Patrick Sharp on what may be the easiest score in Stanley Cup Final history when both goalies are playing. Lightning goalie Ben Bishop ventured out to clear a puck and collided with defender Victor Hedman. The puck slid past Bishop and Sharp skated it into an empty net. Asked if he came out too far to play the puck, Bishop responded, "Yeah, I guess."
posted by rcade to hockey at 01:59 PM - 2 comments


text:
1. Heat a medium pan over a medium high flame.
2. Dry roast the first six ingredients until the aroma of the spices fills the kitchen
3. Tip the spices into a clean and dry grinder or food processor bowl. Let cool.
4. Grind into a fine powder and store in an airtight container.
5. Use this masala to marinate chicken for tandoori.


text:
MALE, Orlando, FL
Posted 06/22/2014 02:58:45 EDT
Nobody on either side had any interest in shutting it down. All of us who regularly contributed from all sides got to wondering by the following Monday why it disappeared. Gun owner rights people like more »
Posted 06/22/2014 12:57:26 EDT
HowardLawrenceCarr JUNE 21, 2014 â 10:19 AM Ok, you have shown the kind of drive-by behavior that somehow did not dominate Jan's watch on The Gun Report. Three ideas you might want to reply with a c more »
Posted 06/21/2014 02:50:31 EDT
The Other/Dark Side uses violence, or the threat of violence, to reach their goals and objectives, that is where it comes from.Those goals and objectives may not be yours. more »
Posted 06/21/2014 02:48:52 EDT
Diogenes-Sinope Jen never edited anything I said, and I was considered one of the most right wing libertarian gun owner rights people that commented. I made it plain I felt it was an individual right, more »
Posted 06/21/2014 02:40:45 EDT
I was a constant contributor to this blog for over a year. The blog may have been conceived to be an echo chamber for banners, but Jen managed it in a way that both sides stayed essentially civil and more »
Posted 02/28/2010 01:34:36 EST
The responsibility, in my view, for the death of Seth rests with the father, and to a lesser extent, the mother. Let's lay this series of events out, step by step: 1. House is burglarized. 2. Father b more »
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Posts from the 'Provisional Voting' Category
- 011.4.14More Than 15,000 New Mexicans May Need to Register On Election Day, Vote A Provisional Ballot
- 011.16.12Project Vote Applauds Congressional Leadership on Election Reform
- 06.7.11Voting Rights Groups Speak Out Against Regressive Election Bills in Ohio
- 04.19.11St. Petersburg Times: Florida Legislature Cracking Down on Voting?
- 04.14.11Miami Herald: Republican-Sponsored Elections Bill "Reeks of Partisanship"


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Slippery Soap
Slippery Soap is the brainchild of SPES Technology Studios.The game is about catching the soap without letting it drop on the floor. Each time you make contact with the soap it will slip and fly away from you. The higher you make the soap fly, the higher your score will be. But there is a catch. As you progress and earn points, different powers and traps will randomly appear within soap bubbles, you must be agile enough to pop the Bubbles up to gain the Powers or avoid them so you don't drop the soap. The player´s objective is to last as long as posible without dropping the soap. Increase your score and share them with friends to see who is the best at the game.NOTE: It is the first title released by SPES on mobile platform.


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An apparatus for enhancing the operation of a M byte instruction word CPU when operating user programs on an N byte instruction word CPU. The M-Byte instruction word CPU is provided with an N-Byte instruction register and a main memory for supplying N-Byte instruction words or M-Byte instruction words to said N-Byte instruction register. An operational code multiplexer and an parameter code multiplexer are connectable to selective outputs of said instruction register so that any one of the M-Bytes may be selected as an operational code and any one of the remaining M-Bytes may be selected as parameter code bytes, and selection means including sequencer means are provided for operating the operational code multiplexer and the parameter code multiplexer in an M-Byte instruction word CPU mode of operation or as an N-Byte instruction word CPU mode of operation.
1. An apparatus for enhancing the operation of an M-Byte instruction word CPU operating user programs on an N-Byte instruction word CPU where N is greater than M and less than 2M, comprising:
an N-Byte instruction word CPU having an N-Byte instruction register;
a main memory for supply either N-Byte or M-Byte instruction words to said N-Byte instruction register;
a selection means for selecting an M-Byte instruction word mode of operation;
an operation code MUX connected to all bytes of said N-Byte instruction register for loading only M-Byte instruction words selected by said selection means and for providing one byte operational code output to an operational code register;
a parameter code MUX connected to all bytes of said N-Byte instruction register for loading only remaining bytes of said M-Byte instruction words selected by said selection means and for providing a parameter code output to a register file; and,
wherein said selection means coupled to said operational code MUX and parameter code MUX for controlling bytes selection of said operational code MUX and parameter MUX in order to converting said N-Byte instruction word CPU to an M-Byte instruction word CPU.
2. Apparatus as set forth in claim 1 where M defines four bytes and N defines six bytes.
3. Apparatus as set forth in claim 2 wherein said MUXes are operable as four to one MUXes, and said MUXes scan two of the six bytes at a time form said N-Byte instruction word.
4. Apparatus as set forth in claim 1 wherein said selection means comprises a selection MUX having a code isolation input signal for selecting an M-Byte instruction mode of operation or an N-Byte instruction mode of operation.
5. Apparatus as set forth in claim 4 which further includes an M-Byte sequencer and an N-Byte sequencer coupled to the input of said selection MUX for selecting the sequence of byte inputs to said operational code MUX.
6. Apparatus as set forth in claim 5 wherein said byte sequencer selected by said selection MUX is coupled to said parameter code MUX for simultaneously selecting the sequence of byte inputs to said parameter code MUX.
7. Apparatus as set forth in claim 1 wherein said M-Byte instruction word comprises one operational code byte and a plurality of parameter code instruction bytes.
8. Apparatus as set forth in claim 1 wherein said M-Byte instruction word CPU further includes an instruction sequencer,
control register means coupled to said instruction sequencer for controlling a sequence of code routines,
an ALU coupled to the output of said register file and the output of said operation code MUX, and
index register means coupled between said ALU and said register file of said CPU for generating supplemental addresses designating registers in said register file in response to signals form said control register means and said ALU.
9. Apparatus as set forth in claim 8 wherein said index register means comprises a plurality of index registers coupled to said register file.
10. Apparatus as set forth in claim 9 wherein said index register means further includes a plurality of operand bank registers.
11. Apparatus as set forth in claim 10 wherein said index register means further includes a plurality of multiplexers, coupled to the output of said operand bank registers and said index registers.
12. Apparatus as set forth in claim 11 wherein said index register means further includes an address latch coupled to the output of said operand multiplexers for storing a plurality of operand addresses which point to registers in said register file.
13. Apparatus as set forth in claim 8 wherein said index register means includes a plurality of operand bank registers and a plurality of index registers having an input coupled to said ALU for supplying output supplemental bits to said register file which are employed to generate supplemental addresses in said register file.
14. Apparatus in an instruction processor having a stack oriented architecture CPU, for enhancing the operation of user programs written for a register oriented architecture CPU, comprising:
a register file having a plurality of registers;
instruction register means;
control register means, coupled to receive output from said instruction register means, having a plurality of outputs for generating signals required for performing a code routine in response to system information and said output received from said instruction register means;
an ALU having inputs coupled to receive outputs of said register file and said instruction register means for generating output data indicative of supplemental addresses in said register file in response to said inputs received; and
index register means coupled between said ALU and said register file for generating said supplemental addresses which designate supplemental registers in said register file when actuated in response to at least one of said output signals from said control register and said output data from said ALU.
1. Related Applications
This application relates to our copending U.S. application Ser. No. 07/329,136 filed Mar. 27, 1989 entitled "Dual Operating System Computer", now abandoned.
2. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a mainframe computer system that is operable on one of two distinctly different operating systems. More particularly, the present invention relates to apparatus for enhancing the operation of the operating system which is different from the preferred operating system for which the dual operating system computer was originally designed.
3. Description of the Prior Art
Compilers and emulators are well known and are generally used as black box systems for converting operating instructions form one format into another format which is usable by different computing systems.
Compilers and emulators have been respectively classified in U.S. Class 395, sub-classes 700 and 500 with dual mode operating system computers and micro programmed computers which have alterable stored micro routines utilized to emulate different computers or computing systems. Such computing systems are discussed in the micro programmable CPU described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,199,811 which has been assigned to the same assignee as the present invention. This prior art reference discusses the reasons that cause micro programmed emulators to be generally slower than an emulated computing system which offers a desirable yet complex solution.
A desirable, and more expensive, approach to emulation is found in the IBM AS400 computing system which operates on two distinctly different operating systems. Such Dual Operating System computers require a new architecture different from either previous architectures or systems being merged together and operate on a single new operating system. A variation of such merged operating systems is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,747,040 issued to AT&T. This dual mode operating system computer supports UNIX� and MSDOS� operating systems in a multi-tasking computer system. The MS-DOS operating systems and its applications are executed in a real or non-protected mode and the UNIX applications are executed by the UNIX operating system in a protected mode to prevent conflicting attempts to access the same peripheral device or to write in the same regions of the main memory. To prevent such conflicts, special merged support hardware needs to be provided.
In our aforementioned application Ser. No. 07/329,136 now abandoned, there is described a dual operating system computer which is conditioned to run user programs on one operating system by loading unique microcode in the instruction processor for its associated operating system and then loading the associated operating system in the main memory. Effectively, this application by use of microcode converts one architecture computing system into a second and different architecture computing system.
It would be desirable to provide an improvement of the aforementioned application Dual Operating System Computer which will more efficiently operate programs designed for operation on the mainframe computing system when loaded with its associated operating system. It would be further desirable to provide the dual operating system computer with apparatus which substantially reduces the amount of microcode required to make the architecture conversion. It would be desirable to improve both the performance and speed of operation of the operating system and its user programs and have the hardware enhancement automatically make the operating system conversion as a result of loading the microcode and operating system without supplemental operations.
It is a primary object of the present invention to provide a dual operating system computer which efficient runs programs that are designed to be run on a separate and distinct operating systems.
It is another primary object of the present invention to provide an alterable computing system which is operable to perform instructions of different operating systems which are carried out as a plurality of operations defined by machine microcode instructions.
It is another primary object of the present invention to provide a computing system designed to perform instructions according to a predetermined series of microcode instructions that may be programmed with different operating systems.
It is yet another primary object of the present invention to provide critical path hardware for adapting instructions for one architecture and its associated operating system to an architecture for carrying out instructions written in a second and different operating system.
It is a more specific object of the present invention to provide apparatus for changing a six byte 48 bit instruction register into a four byte 32 bit instruction register at the input to an 80 bit control register.
It is another specific object of the present invention to provide a plurality of novel index registers adapted to be loaded with instruction operand information to permit operation of a register oriented computer system instructions on a stack oriented computer system.
It is another object of the present invention to provide novel index register means for converting operand data to addresses for addressing a register file.
It is another general object of the present invention to provide novel index register means for generating addresses of a first operand and a second operand as a substitute for operands that are maintained in stack registers of a register file.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide novel apparatus for substantially converting a floating point CPU to a fixed point point Central Processing Unit (CPU).
According to these and other objects of the present invention there is provided apparatus for converting a stack oriented mainframe computing system to a register oriented mainframe computing system. Apparatus is provided for converting a six byte instruction buffer to a four byte instruction buffer and index registers are provided for efficiently addressing the register file in a register oriented computing system architecture.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a major portion of a first computing system which is designed to be operated on a second and different operating system;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the hardware which is functionally seen by the different operating system showing the actual main memory and register file of the first computing system having a modified instruction processor therebetween;
FIG. 3 is a more detailed block diagram of a part of the hardware modification to the instruction processor (IP) showing the present invention instruction code buffer, register file and check circuits for overflow detection and negative result detection;
FIG. 4 is a more detailed block diagram of another part of the instruction processor showing the enhanced control signals employed in FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a detailed block diagram showing the orientation of the instruction code buffer and apparatus for converting a six byte instruction buffer to a four byte instruction buffer; and
FIG. 6 is more detailed block diagram of the noel index register apparatus for addressing three banks of sixteen registers in the register file.
Before describing the figures in detail which show the enhanced apparatus for converting a stack oriented computer system to a register oriented computer system, it should be noted that the exact apparatus and modification described is for converting a Unisys A6 series stack oriented mainframe computer to an architecture which emulates a Unisys System 80 register oriented computer system.
Refer now to FIG. 1 showing a block diagram of a major portion of the Unisys A6 series computing system which is modified and designed to operate as a System 80 computing system. CPU 10 is shown having a main memory 11 coupled by a bus 12 to a memory controller 13. The memory controller 13 is coupled by a bus 14 to the main or system bus 15. A bus 16 which is part of the system bus connects to the processor module 17 which comprises an instruction processor (IP) 18 and an input/output control processor (IOCP) 19. Instructions and data in the main memory 11 are routed via the system bus 15 to the processor module 17. The instructions are routed to the instruction register 21 and data is routed to buffers associated with the IOCP 19 as well as the IP 18. Instructions or control information are maintained in 48 bit word format in the instruction registers 21 where they are carried out by microcode instruction routines employing the microcode 22 which is stored in a RAM memory in the IP module. Input/output (I/O) operations are performed by the microcode 23 stored in RAM memory associated with the IOCP module 19. The prepare the CPU 10 for operation as a System 80 CPU, unique microcode is loaded via lines 24 and 25 into the microcode registers 22 and 23 respectively and also the operating system associated with the microcode is loaded into the main memory 11 which completes the preparation of the CPU 10 for operation as a System 80 CPU. All of the present invention enhancements to be described hereinafter are automatically enabled through the process of loading the unique microcode in RAM memory and the unique operating system in the main memory. The width of the buses is designed in bytes comprising eight bits of data and one parity bit.
A bus 26 is shown connected to the system bus 15 and to an I/O adapter (not shown) which serves as a interface controller between peripheral devices and the CPU 10. Such peripheral devices are commonly employed to store programs and data which are used by the computer system 10. The IOCP 19 loads programs and data from the peripherals via bus 16 to main memory 11 via system bus 15. The instruction processor (IP) 18 performs the instructions stored in main memory 11 on the data stored in main memory 11 and maintains the overriding control of the IOCP via bus 16.
Bus 16 connects to a first cache memory 27 associated with the IP 18 and a second cache memory 28 associated with the IOCP 19. The cache memories are dedicated to their associated IP and IOCP modules.
The key check logic 29 and 31 is employed to protect areas of memory 11 from being accessed by nonauthorized programs and is described in detail in our aforementioned copending application Ser. No. 07/329,136 now abandoned. RAM 32 and bus 33 are an integral part of the key check logic 31. Similarly, RAM 34 and bus 35 are an integral part of key check logic 29.
Pipeline invalidate logic 36 and 37 is employed to maintain the integrity of the instruction register 21 by detecting when a write operation is being performed to a proper location in main memory 11 that is in the instruction register 21.
The pipeline invalidate logic and key check logic do not constitute a part of the present invention and do not require detailed explanation herein.
Refer now to FIG. 2 showing a block diagram of the hardware functionally seen by the System 80 operating system and showing the actual hardware which is employed in the A6 series CPU. In a prior art System 80 CPU, the register file 38 comprises 16 user registers 39, 16 supervisor registers 41, 16 control registers 42, 8 floating point registers 43 and 16 snap registers 44 for a total of 72 registers having 32 bit word lengths. Further, the prior art System 80 main memory 45 comprises up to 16 megabytes of 32 bit words. The main memory of the Unisys A6 series CPU is provided with 24 megabytes of 48 bit words and is employed to store the System 80 Operating System designed OS/3 and data.
The problem arises in that the file register provided in the Unisys A6 series CPU is only provided with 48 registers, each of which comprises a 48 bit word. Whereas the prior art System 80 CPU requires 72 registers or capacity for 72 words having 32 bit word lengths. In order to overcome this conflict, registers 42 to 44 are permanently stored in a fixed location in main memory 11. These registers and their contents need not be stored or filed in register file 46. Occasionally the contents of one of the registers 42 to 44 is temporarily stored in the register file for purposes of examination by the instruction processor 18 and then returned back to main memory 11. If a user program is running, a supervisor program is not running, thus, all 16 of the user registers in memory 11 or supervisor registers in memory 11 are loaded into 16 registers of the register file 46 for use by the program, thus, leaving the other 32 registers for use as scratch register, status register and control information necessary for proper and efficient operation of the System 80 CPU.
Instructions loaded in the instruction register 21 are supplied by main memory 11 via system bus 15 as described hereinbefore. The previously loaded microcode 22 in instruction processor 18 carries out the routines specified by the instruction in instruction register 21 so as to cause the 32 bit user program instruction in register 21 to operate in the identical manner as if it was using the register file 38 when in fact it is employing the register file 46 as will be explained in greater detail hereinafter.
Refer now to FIGS. 3 and 4 showing more detailed block diagrams of the hardware modification of the instruction processor 18. For purposes of explanation, assume that a System 80 user program has been loaded into the main memory 11 together with the prior art OS/3 Operating System. Unique microcode is also loaded in module 17 to provide a System 80 version of the Unisys A6 CPU. If a new user program is just starting up, the operating system executes an instruction to begin processing a user program. This instruction causes the 16 supervisor registers 41 to be transferred to main memory 11 and the 16 user registers 39 in main memory to be transferred to the register file 46. The instruction being executed also loads the first instruction of the user program into the instruction code buffer or instruction register 21 via the system bus 15 and bus 16. The instruction stored in buffer 21 comprises a one byte op code and up to six bytes of parameter information as will be explained hereinafter. The op code is transferred via line 48 to the entry vector 49 shown in FIG. 4. The op code stored in entry vector 49 is employed to generate a microcode address on line 51 which is applied to the sequence 52 to produce the actual microcode address which accesses control storage register 54 to produce a microcode word on line 55 which is stored in control register 56. The microcode word stored in control register 56 (CR) is the first instruction of a microcode routine comprising a plurality of microcode words which will be executed by the instruction processor 18. The 80 bit control word in CR 56 produces a control select signal on line 57 to condition logic 58 having an output line 73 coupled to sequencer 52. Register file 46 addresses are produced on line 59 which are applied to the multiplexer 61. A MUX select signal on line 62 is applied to the multiplexer of the index register means 84 to select the address online 63 to be applied to the register file 46. A data signal on line 64 to the P mask 65 provides data constants to be used in operation of the instruction processor. A control signal on line 66 to the memory controller 13 is applied as data via line 66 to the system bus interface 67 that generates a signal on bus 16 which instructs the memory controller 13 whether a read or write operation is to be performed. A 15 bit microcode return address is generated on line 68 which is applied to the return stack 69 which comprises a stack of 64 registers. When the return address on line 68 is associated with a call instruction, the address gets put on the top of the return stack 64. When a return instruction is executed the next micro instruction to be executed is taken from the top of the stack 69 and applied via line 71 to the sequencer 52. When the microcode word instruction in register 56 is completed, the address of the next microcode instruction is supplied via line 72 to the sequencer 52 to produce the next microcode address on line 53 which accesses control storage 54 and produces the next microcode word on line 55.
Signal line 73 coupled to sequencer 52 permits a branch operation. The interrupt signals on lines 74 to sequencer 52 calls an interruption of the microcode routine and can only occur under special circumstances which are not related to the present invention.
The just described microcode routine which was initiated by the instructions stored in instruction code buffer 21 which produced the op code on line 48 (shown in FIG. 3) also reads the parameter data from the instruction code buffer on line 75 which is applied to the operand 1 side of the P mask 65. The data from P mask 65 is applied to the rotator 76 via line 77 and is passed through or rotated depending on the instruction in the control register 56, to produce a data signal on line 78 which is applied to the operand 1 side of mask 79 to produce a data signal on line 81 that is applied to one of the two inputs to the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) 82. The data on line 81 is part of the parameter of the op code and appears on data output line 83 from ALU 82. The parameter signal is applied to the index register 84 and to the input of the register file 46 via line 83. The output on line 85 from the index register 84 is applied to the Multiplexer (MUX) 61. When the next microcode routine instruction occurs, the select signal on line 62 selects the parameter data signal loaded in index register 84 as an output on line 85 which is presented on line 63 to the register file 46. The data stored in register file 46 represents the user registers and are read out on data line 86 and data line 87 to the operand 1 and operand 2 sides of P mask 65 respectively. The data on operand 1 side is passed to the ALU via lines 77, 78 and 81. At the same time, the data on operand 2 side of mask 79 to produce modified data on line 89 which comprises the second input to ALU 82. The mask information applied to ALU 82 is processed and the resulting data signal on line 83 are passed through the loop and register file 46 where it is now stored in the register file word pointed to be the index registers 84 as will be explained in greater detail hereinafter.
It will be understood that there is flexibility in the use of the index registers 84 and the register file 46. For example, operand 1 can be selected using the index registers and operand 2 can be selected using the data from the control register 56. The reverse is true in that the register file word can be pointed to by the address in the index register 84 while operand 1 is pointed to by the address from the control register 56. Before explaining in detail how this occurs, it will be noted that the ALU 82 produces a carry bit signal on line 91 from the bit 46 position and that a second carry is produced at the bit 47 position on line 92 both of which are applied top the exclusive OR gate 93 to produce an output signal on line 94 indicative of an overflow condition in the arithmetic logic unit 82. The overflow signal on line 94 is applied to the data side of flipflop 95 to produce an overflow output signal to the condition logic 58 via line 96 which is shown as an input 96 to condition logic 58 in FIG. 4. Signal line 97 is connected to bit position 47 and is applied as a data input to flipflop 98 to produce a negative result signal on line 99 when the arithmetic logic unit 82 generates a negative result. The negative result signal on line 99 is applied to condition logic 58 as shown in FIG. 4. As mentioned hereinbefore, the condition logic 58 output signal on line 73 is employed to perform a branching operation in the microcode routine.
Refer now to FIG. 5 showing a more detailed block diagram of the novel index register 84 apparatus for addressing the three banks of 16 registers in the register file 46. The index registers 84 are shown comprising an operand 1 bank register 101 which holds the number 3 and number 2 bits from the ALU supplied via line 83. The output of the bank register 101 on line 102 form s a supplemental address to the address being presented on line 59 to the operand 1 MUX 61A. The index register 84A receives four address bit positions 7 to 4 which form a supplemental address on output line 103 to the address being supplied on line 59 to the operand 1 MUX 61B. The MUX select signal to the index registers on line 62 is capable of selecting the outputs of the two operand 1 MUXes 61A and 61B, or all four MUXes 61A to 61D or as a third alternative, the outputs from the MUXes 61C and 61D as will be explained. In similar manner, the address bits 1,0 from the ALU 82 are applied to the operand 2 bank register 104 as two auxiliary bits on output line 105 to operand 2 MUX 61C. Further, four auxiliary address bits on line 83 from ALU 82 are applied to index register 84B to provide an auxiliary address on output line 106 as an input to the operand 2 MUX 61D. The reason for presenting the operand and index registers shown in FIG. 5 is to provide a critical path modification of the Unisys A Series CPU which does not employ index registers. When the dual operating system computer 10 is operating as an A Series CPU, fixed signals on control line 59 are applied directly through the MUX 61 to the operand 1 and operand 2 address latches 107 or may be varied by information on line 83. The System 80 CPU also operates in the same mode of operation using the signals on control line 59 to access the register file 46. However, System 80 CPU may also employ the index registers 84A and 84B to access the 16 user registers or the 16 supervisor registers when they are located in the register file 46 and for the purposes of indirectly addressing other registers reassigned in the register file 46. This enhancement to the A Series CPU enables addressing with variable address and permits accessing the register file much faster for a register oriented architecture CPU. Latch 107 is loaded with the output of all four MUXes 61A to 61D whose inputs are varied to determine the outputs on line 63. The operand 1 six bit address is presented on line 108 to the register file 46 and the operand 2 six bit address is presented on line 109 to the register file 46 shown having three banks, bank 0, bank 1 and bank 2, each comprising 16 registers. Selection of operand 1 and operand 2 addresses in register file 46 produce operand 1 and operand 2 data on lines 86 and 87 which is applied to P mask 65 as explained hereinbefore which reference to FIG. 3.
Refer now to FIG. 6 showing a detailed block diagram of the orientation of the instruction code buffer and apparatus for converting a six byte instruction buffer to a 4 byte instruction buffer. The instruction which is loaded into instruction register 21 comprises two words of 6 bytes each which comprises 48 bits each. The System 80 CPU employes 32 bit instruction words, thus, only requires 4 of the 6 bytes shown in registers 21A and 21B. Register 21A stores bytes 6 through 11 and the two most significant bytes 6 and 7 may be loaded with all zeros for System 80 CPU operation. Similarly, instruction buffer register 21B stores bytes zero through five and the two most significant bytes 0 and 1 may be loaded with all zeros for System 8 operation. The output of all 12 bytes of the registers 21A and 21B are shown diagrammatically as being applied to a MUX which will be defied hereinafter. Since the instruction for System 80 Operation always comprises one byte which is designed as operation code accompanied by 1, 3 or 5 bytes, designated for parameter data, the connection to the MUXes 111 and 112 are not fixed. For example, any one of the bytes 2 to 5 and 8 to 11 may be selected by MUX 111 as the op code output for line 48 that is applied to the entry vector 49. Similarly, any of the 8 byte positions 2 to 5 and 8 to 11 may be selected by mUX 112 as a parameter code output on line 75 to P mask 65. It will be understood that MUXes 111 and 112 when operating as a System 80 CPU operate as a 4 to 1 MUX and when operating as a Unisys A series CPU operate as a 6 to 1 MUX. For purposes of making this MUX selection on line 113 a selection MUX 114 is provided which has an A Series CPU sequence selection block 115 and a System 80 sequence selection block 116, one of which is selected by the code isolate flipflop 117 via line 118.
Having explained a preferred embodiment of a dual operating system CPU with reference to two specific computers, one being a stack oriented architecture A Series CPU and the other being a register oriented architecture machine designated a System 80 CPU, it will be understood that the architectures of two diverse operating systems may be combined in a single hardware architecture by employing microcode routines in the instruction processor and making minor apparatus or hardware modification for the critical paths to enhance the performance of the secondary operating system processor. The critical path apparatus modification mode of operation does not require redesign of the architecture and operating system of either computer of a dual operating system as was required for the IBM AS400 which combined a system 36 and system 38 operating system into one merged computer employing a single operating system. Thus, it will be understood that the present invention offers substantial savings by minor modification rather than major redesign while achieving or maintaining the desired performance of both systems used in the dual operation system CPU. Further, it will be appreciated that conversion of a 6 byte instruction buffer to a 4 byte instruction buffer as explained hereinbefore is further enhanced when the System 80 sequencer completely omits a sequence which would require the reading out of the two most significant bytes of the instruction code buffer 21A and 21B. State differently, a System 80 sequence would start with byte 2 through byte 5 and again at byte 8 through byte 11 without sequencing bytes 0, 1, 6 or 7.
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