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Join author J Chris Griffin, as he demonstrates how to record music in Reason 6.5, the virtual music studio used by some of the world's most popular musicians and DJs. Get jump-started with the "Making Music Right Away" chapter, and then dig into the program and discover how to create beats with ReDrum, use loops in Dr. Rex, and record guitars and basses through the built-in Line6 devices. The course also shows how to work with the built-in synths; utilize the collections of samples, patches, and programs known as ReFills; and add effects on several types of tracks. Finally, Chris dives into the Reason sequencer, track types, editing audio and MIDI data, and setting the tempo and click track.
Since we now have a basic house beat, it makes sense to continue on the house tip. I want to quickly complete this track and make it cool, but let's say I'm short on inspiration or too pressed for time to really finish customizing it before our gig. The Combinator is your new best friend. The Combinator is simply a device that combines several instruments, effects, and rhythm devices into one unit. It can do almost anything. It's a remarkably flexible device that can assemble an infinite number of units, depending on your CPU resources, to make monster synths, super-potent effects, or rhythm devices that include several drum machines and loop players all working in tandem to create music.
With that in mind, when the Combinator was introduced several years ago, we designers were tasked with a set of patches called Song Starters that would help get a song started quickly with minimal key presses, to inspire if you will. Let me bring up a few of these patches now and play around with them. You should do this as well if you're following along, stop the video where you need to, and resume when you are ready to see more action. Right-clicking in the blank area here, I'll go to Utilities > Combinator.
That will open up a new blank Combinator. And using the Patch Browser, let's go browse some patches. So what opens up in the documents folder, we want to go to Reason Factory Sound Bank/Combinator Patches/ Performance Patches/Song Starters. I'm going to choose, with our theme, the Deep House Starter Combinator. And it loads up and it's ready to run. Let me play Reason at this point, let you hear what's going on. (music playing) So, we have our initial Redrum kit loop that we created in the last video, and we now have this Combinator sound.
So, if I went to the mixer board and muted the Redrum, this is what it sounds like. Now if I muted the Combinator, and just let the Redrum play, that's of course the rhythm we had in our last video. (music playing) Both together! (music playing) Now, one of the cool things about this is you can alter some of the behaviors of this Combinator by turning the knobs here.
So, this seems to be the main kick level in this Combinator. (music playing) We can add some resonance to the percussion, alter our bass level, and so forth. That's cool! Let's bring up another patch. Now, one of the cool things about the Patch Browser is it's not limited to the Patch Browse button. Clicking on the name of the patch brings up a contextual menu that includes all of the patches in the current folder with the loaded patch.
This allows for quick changes. You can use this menu or the up/down arrow buttons to change through patches, and of course it takes time to load up. This is a very quick way to kind of compare some things. Let's bring up another patch called Piebald's Second Tan. (music playing) This will add kind of a different sound to what we've got. (music playing) And again, tweaking the buttons and the knobs provides for a different sound.
Let's even bring up a different kind of sound here. We'll call it Sinebeat. Pushing Play. (music playing) These are all great idea starters or things that will help you get inspired to write a new beat. A couple more that are very cool, Warm Bathroom is one of my favorites. (music playing) Now, let's say you don't want to really rely on Reason to create everything for you; you want to play a little bit on your MIDI keyboard.
You want to have a little bit more customized control. That's after all what this video is about. So let's bring up some of those kinds of Song Starters. Now, I am going to move over to Arpeggiated patches and bring up a different kind of sound. Now, this will actually require me to play it via my MIDI keyboard, and I can do that now. (music playing) It creates a beautiful arpeggiated kind of sound in tempo with our track.
Now, I am going to move this back up to 128 and play. (music playing) You can hear the arpeggiation follow the song tempo and pattern. SQ80 Sqaure Arp is another great patch. (music playing) And one of my favorites: Science.
(music playing) Though this was a quick introduction to the Combinator, I hope you can see how powerful a device like this can be, especially for filling out a sparse track and quickly making your productions bigger and more fulfilling. Our next video will focus on larger productions, only this time using Dr. Octo Rex to fill up the empty space in a track.
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Anime Expo - July 2nd - July 5th, 2015
- Film, Media & Entertainment
- 1201 South Figueroa Street, Los Angeles, 90015
Grand Central Market Tour
design east of La Brea
Saturday, November 23, 2013 from 12:00 PM to 1:00 PM (PST)
Grand Central Market has been feeding LA for over 100 years. When it opened in 1917, Broadway was the principal commercial and entertainment corridor of downtown Los Angeles. The Market has always reflected the changing population of downtown. Today, as the downtown historic core continues to evolve (particularly Broadway), Grand Central Market is once again adapting. Join de LaB for a tour of this historical and epicurean landmark with Kevin West, former W editor, cookbook author, creative consultant and Grand Central Market team member. We'll see (and taste) firsthand what is helping to transform Grand Central Market from yesteryear's farmer's market into LA's own version of Pike Place.
We'll start by exploring the 45,000 square foot arcade and meeting some of the shops that are helping to make the market a national-caliber eating experience, including the signature stops like Sarita's Pupuseria, Las Morelianas, and Tacos Tumbras a Tomas; as well as the newbs like Sticky Rice, Eggslut, Valerie, G&B Coffee, and more. We'll end the tour at Horse Thief Barbecue just in time for lunch.
Following the tour, stay for the dublab Proton Drive Fall 2013 closing party. The beloved LA music and culture collaborative will be dropping beats all day long and has curated a slate of fun activities to celebrate the close of their biannual fundraising drive. Feel free to contribute to the Proton Drive to help support 14 more years of elevated vibrations.
Kick off Thanksgiving a bit early and eat up with de LaB, then stay and dance it off with dublab!
Grand Central Market Tour and dublab Proton Drive Closing Celebration
Saturday, November 23
12:00 p.m. to 1:00 p.m.: Guided tour of Grand Central Market (MEET @ HORSE THIEF)
1:00 p.m. to 6:00 p.m.: Buy-your-own lunch from any of the vendors and meet for beers at Horse Thief, then stick around for the dublab Proton Drive Closing Celebration!
RSVPs for this event will open on Wednesday, November 6 at 10:00 a.m.
317 S. Broadway
Los Angeles, CA 90013
Excellent walking, biking and transit directions provided here; parking also available.
design east of La Brea (you can call us "dee-lab") is a Los Angeles-based nonprofit that celebrates and supports local creatives in their efforts to enlighten, improve and engage the city. Through events that are educational, inspirational, and interactive, de LaB unites an enthusiastic community of local residents who are invested in the future of LA.
Join millions of people on Eventbrite.
In order to purchase these tickets in installments, you'll need an Eventbrite account. Log in or sign up for a free account to continue.

subset: commoncrawl


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State Treasurer Ted Wheeler wants to create a state-funded endowment for education beyond high school, to be decided in the November 2014 general election.
Oregon lawmakers face hurdles ahead of a proposed special session on the Columbia River Crossing.
Gov. Kitzhaber and state legislators are thinking of new ways to diversify the state's revenue streams, which could include a new sales tax.
The Secretary of State's Election Office is scrutinizing referendum petitions by Oregonians for Immigration Reform.
Hood River businessman Jim Cole is fighting in court in support of his multimillion-dollar companies Maxam Laboratories and TurboSonic USA.


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Schneider, T; Alexander, DC; Wheeler-Kingshott, CAM; (2010) Optimized diffusion MRI protocols for estimating axon diameter with known fibre orientation. In: Proc. Intl. Soc. Mag. Reson. Med. (pp. 1561 - ?).
Full text not available from this repository.
|Proceedings paper
|Optimized diffusion MRI protocols for estimating axon diameter with known fibre orientation
|International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (ISMRM)
|Stockholm, Sweden
|2010-05-01 - 2010-05-07
|diffusion, MRI, spinal cord, single fibre, protocol optimisation
|UCL classification:
|UCL > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Brain Sciences > Institute of Neurology > IoN - Neuroinflammation
UCL > School of BEAMS > Faculty of Engineering Science > Computer Science
Archive Staff Only: edit this record


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Originally written on Fox Sports | Last updated 2/7/13
The Montreal Canadiens were victimized by a hot goaltender in their last game. Another meeting with the struggling Buffalo Sabres may get the offense going again. The Canadiens look to rebound from a recent defeat as they attempt to beat the Sabres for the second time in less than a week Thursday night. Montreal (6-3-0) is scoring 3.0 goals per game, but the team has totaled that while splitting the last two. The Canadiens' latest effort resulted in a 2-1 loss to Boston as 20 of their shots were saved by Tuukka Rask, who has a 1.96 goals-against average. "For me, the important thing is that we're getting quality chances," coach Michel Therrien told the team's official website. "It's going to happen in the NHL where you're facing a goalie that's playing really well. It's not a matter of will. I think we worked hard to create those chances. "There are just nights the puck goes in and there are nights the goalie's going to make the save." That certainly wasn't the case against th...
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A wonderful article about Nas Campanella, blind newsreader over at Broadsheet.com –
Her studio is equipped with strategically placed Velcro patches – she operates her own panel – so she can recognise which buttons to push to air news grabs and mute or activate her mic. While she's reading on air, that same electronic voice reads her copy down her headphones which she repeats a nanosecond later. In another ear the talking clock lets her know how much time she has left. The sound of her own voice is audible over the top of it all.
Reminded me of a problem I have in my life. Reading books to my children. I have often thought about using a tiny in ear wireless headphone, such as the Earin to solve this problem. It's interesting to hear someone is using this on a daily basis in their work life. The article is also well worth a read as Nas's attitude is read more


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Originally written on Ted's Army | Last updated 11/14/12
What's that sound you're hearing? It's a rumbling... Something's about to happen... Oh, I recognize that. That's Cody Ross' asking price skyrocketing. And you're hearing it because 37-year old outfielder Torii Hunter has agreed to a two-year, $26 million contract with the Detroit Tigers. It's not actually a bad deal for Detroit, despite Torii's advanced age. While he's fallen off in the field (already an issue with much of that team), Torii hit well last year, batting .313 with an .817 OPS. He's still got a little pop. And he's notoriously a great clubhouse guy, if that's something that matters to you. Some Red Sox fans (like our own Ben Fountain) were supportive of Torii coming to Boston, but I think most of us are comfortable staying out at that price. Detroit's championship window is like, right this second, so to splurge a little for an extra piece like Hunter is fine. The Red Sox have a ways to go, and while Hunter might have been the difference between, say, 80 and 82 wins next year, that's not really worth spending $26 million. Meanwhile, as I indicated with my brilliant introduction to this piece, Cody Ross is somewhere smiling. Cody is turning 32 next month -- that's five years younger than Hunter -- and put up an .807 OPS last year. He doesn't have the track record of Hunter, of course, but his agent can certainly make the argument that for the next two or three years, he'll be as good or better. Anyone hoping we'd get Cody for two years, $12 million or some similar pipe dream can now forget that. I think we're looking at a three-year, $36 million minimum for Ross now. To which I say, hey, Ryan Kalish, enjoy right field.
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- Spend a day at the QC Termemilano spa and wellness center in Milan
- Relax and rejuvenate with luxurious thermal baths, steam rooms, sauna treatments and more
- Towel, robe, slippers and body care products provided
- Enjoy a light buffet and refreshments
- Select an evening visit when booking and enjoy a classic Milan aperitivo of wine, snacks and more
- Upgrade to enjoy a 25-minute massage
What You Can Expect
Customer Reviews
April 2015
Very relaxing. We booked this on the evening of our arrival...was a great way to decompress from the flight. Had fun trying all the various water relaxation options at the spa.
December 2014
Amazing Spa Day, more than what we expected. Excellent massage too.


text: Hip Hop Rapping Nurse Fatima In The Philippines Emcee and EAMC nurse, Fatima Palma is being thanked in this post by her patients family for taking care of their father and them. She is shown here spitting some bars for her patient's family. This video was posted to Facebook by the daughter of one of Palma's patients, as she expressed gratitude for Nurse Fatima's care. Toupe Fiasco 8 months ago respond


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2 posts tagged with reading by flibbertigibbet.
Displaying 1 through 2 of 2.
Books for the anxious gal?
I'm an anxious gal who finds that reading books about anxiety, self-compassion, mindfulness and meditation really helps me set a plan for what to do and how to get better. But there are so many of these books, I don't know where to start. What books would you recommend? [more inside]
Replacement for our Humpty-Dumpty-esque Bookchairs?
Is there a more durable equivalent of the Bookchair that I could get my sister for Christmas? Right now, our home is littered with bookchairs that fell to the ground and broke in a pretty permanent way. And that's awfully tiring. The key component is the fact that the page holder "tabs" can adjust for either very thick or (somewhat) thin books, so that's vital in any replacement. I'm in Canada.
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YIELD: Makes 4 to 6 servings
1. Crumble the feta. Place it in the bowl of a food processor and pulse together with the yogurt until smooth.
2. Add the olive oil and pepper, and continue working the mixture until it becomes very soft and spreadable. Remove and refrigerate for at least 1 hour.
3. Just before serving, spike the flavor to taste with lemon juice.
William Morrow


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Carrots: The Root of All Flavor
Another thing you might not know is carrots come in a variety of color. Rainbow carrots have become more common in Oklahoma City, found at Whole Foods Market and some Homeland stores. In rainbow bundles you'll find carrots in purple, yellow and orange. In northern India, carrots red as raspberries grow. Some evidence indicates the first carrots came in red and yellow only to find each other irresistible and they bred orange carrots into existence.
In modern application, carrots don't stand alone too often unless you're buying baby carrots to dip in Ranch dressing, glazing for Thanksgiving as pitch-perfect seasonal side dish or shredding with raisins into a salad that you really should just buy from Boulevard Cafeteria because I promise you'll have a hard time beating the one they make.
The aforementioned natural sweetness of carrots long ago made them popular in desserts. If you find a better carrot cake than the one made by La Baguette Bakery let me know. Despite those endorsements, I've included some recipes for each today.
Carrots also are used in preserves, and the juice is widely marketed as a health drink.
Gardeners will tell you carrots make a wonderful companion plant. Some say dropping a few carrots among your tomato plants helps production. Flowering carrot tops attract wasps that might scare you away, but while you're gone make a meal out of garden pests.
When preparing for Julia Child's 100th Birthday dinner at The Coach House, chefs John Bennett and Robert Dickson threw an impromptu dinner I was lucky enough to be a part of, meaning I got bossed around a lot (amazing what menial tasks I'll perform for an expertly made meal).
As the menu was coming together, Dickson volunteered to make Carottes a la Concierge, which Child included in "Mastering the Art of French Cooking, Volume 1."
Check out his rendition of the French classic first introduced by his lifelong friend Julia Child.
Carottes a la Concierge
In his variation, chef John Bennett cooks the carrots and sauce separately and has reduced the cook time without reducing a single calorie from this gazillion-calorie classic.
Makes 6 to 8 servings
1½ pounds carrots, peeled and cut into matchsticks
3 shallots sliced thin
3 to 4 cloves garlic sliced thin
4 tablespoons butter or olive oil, divided
3 tablespoons flour
1 cup chicken stock or broth
¼ cup milk
2 tablespoons cream
½ teaspoon dry thyme or 1 teaspoon fresh thyme
Salt and pepper to taste
1 teaspoon granulated sugar
2 tablespoons minced parsley
2 tablespoons minced chives
• Blanch the carrots in salted water with bay leaf, no more than two minutes. Drain and cook.
• Cook the onions and shallots in 1 tablespoon butter in a 2 ½-quart saucepan, tossing occasionally, for about 5 minutes. Add the carrots and simmer at medium to medium low heat while you make the sauce. The vegetables should be tender but not browned. So, don't be afraid to turn the temperature to low.
• In a second saucepan, melt the remaining butter/oil. Whisk in the flour, and cook 3 minutes.
• Whisk the stock into the flour, then the milk, and finally the seasonings. Simmer, uncovered for until the liquid has thickened, correct seasoning and add cream.
• Turn hot vegetable onto a platter and coat with sauce, top with parsley and chives, reserve remaining sauce in a bowl and add to the platter.
Chef's Note: Chef Bennett suggests a tablespoon of fresh-grated ginger would make an interesting addition.


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Wednesday, May 14, 2014
Wordless Wednesday
2 comments:
Lol, a gorgeous collage. The most interesting thing is that their face expressions perfectly match it.ReplyDelete
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Topic Page
News and Features
Facile explanations for the massacre must be resisted.
America's giant wealth disparity is driven by a history of racist redlining.
Tidy stories reducing the atrocity to a clash of civilizations or a problem with integration are neither enlightening nor satisfying.
In a country that has always used race to justify inequality, ending police brutality is just the start.
The novelist offers an elegant answer to the question, "What is it to be human?"
In their quest to wipe out extra-legal racial violence, white liberals created a system that continues to kill black people—legally.
Many will rightly remember Rabbi Leonard Beerman for his political and moral advocacy. My memories of him are of a more personal nature.
While New York City mourns, political opportunists point fingers—but we should really be talking about reforms that would keep everyone safe.


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A flight plan is modeled by a trajectory with a set of segments having finite lateral and altitude extents between nominal way points. A terrain database stores hierarchical patches with maximum and minimum altitudes and pointers or altitudes for subpatches. Linear-programming inequality constraints match segments with patches. A search finds any terrain locations that impinge upon the trajectory tube, indicating an error condition for the plan. Moving hazards are modeled with segmented trajectories. Conflict with a moving hazard occurs when moving bubbles within both of the trajectories overlap in both space and time.
1. A method of evaluating a predicted plan for conflict with a hazard, comprising:
defining the predicted plan as a trajectory including a set of segments having parameters denoting finite spatial extents, the parameters for all segments being specifiable arbitrarily and independently of those for any others of the segments;
representing a hazard as a collection of features having finite spatial extents;
determining whether at least a portion of at least one of the segments conflicts with any of the features of the hazard;
if so, signaling a conflict.
2. A medium bearing computer-readable representations of instructions and data for causing a programmable computer to perform the method of
3. The method of
4. The method of
5. The method of
6. The method of
7. The method of
8. The method of
9. The method of
10. The method of
11. A method of evaluating a predicted plan for conflict with a hazard, comprising:
defining the predicted plan as a trajectory including a plurality of segments each having independently and arbitrarily specifiable parameters denoting finite spatial extents;
storing a database of data representing terrain;
for each segment, determining whether at least a portion of at least one of the segments intersects the terrain represented by the data;
if so, signaling an error condition.
12. A medium bearing computer-readable representations of instructions and data for causing a programmable computer to perform the method of
13. The method of
14. The method of
15. The method of
16. The method of
17. The method of
determining whether a first altitude of terrain in a certain area bears a first relation to a first altitude of one of the segments;
if not, repeating the above step for each of a plurality of subareas;
if so, signaling the error condition.
18. The method of
calculating a first altitude of the one segment associated with the certain area;
determining whether the first altitude associated with the area bears the first relation to the first altitude of one of the segments;
if so, omitting the signaling step.
19. The method of
modeling the segments as systems of inequality constraints;
modeling a plurality of patches of the terrain as systems of inequality constraints;
determining portions of the patches associated with particular ones of the segments as those portions that satisfy the systems of constraints.
20. The method of
constructing a cost function associated with the segments;
minimizing the cost function within the portions of the patches.
21. The method of
22. The method of
constructing in the plan trajectory a plan bubble having parameters denoting finite spatial extents and times;
defining a hazard trajectory including a set of segments and a hazard bubble having parameters denoting finite spatial extents and times;
for each segment of the plan trajectory, determining whether the plan bubble overlaps the hazard bubble in both space and time;
if so, signaling the error condition.
23. The method of
24. A method of evaluating a plan for conflict with a hazard, comprising:
defining the predicted plan as a plan trajectory including a set of segments each having parameters denoting finite spatial extents;
defining the hazard as a hazard trajectory including a set of segments each having separate and independently specifiable parameters denoting finite spatial extents;
for each segment, determining whether the plan bubble overlaps the hazard bubble in both space and time;
if so, signaling the error condition.
25. A medium bearing computer-readable representations of instructions and data for causing a programmable computer to perform the method of
26. The method of
27. The method of
28. The method of
modeling the bubbles as systems of inequality constraints;
determining bubble overlap as regions that satisfy all the systems of constraints.
29. The method of
constructing a cost function associated with the bubbles;
detecting a certain value of the cost function within the regions.
30. The method of
31. The method of
32. The method of
33. A system for evaluating a predicted plan with a hazard, comprising:
a trajectory model including a set of segments within a geographic area, each of the segments having a finite extent in a plurality of dimensions;
a hazard model including data representing predetennined features of a hazard as a plurality of nested patches and subpatches within the geographic area of the trajectory model;
a detector for determining whether at least a portion of any of the segments conflicts with the hazard model within any portion of the geographic area;
an indicator responsive to the detector for producing an error condition indicating the conflict.
34. The system of
35. The system of
36. The system of
37. The system of
38. The system of
39. The system of
40. The system of
41. A system for evaluating a predicted plan with a hazard, comprising:
means for modeling a trajectory including a set of segments within a geographic area, each of the segments having a finite independently specifiable extent in a plurality of dimensions;
means for modeling a hazard including data representing predetermined features of a hazard within the geographic area of the trajectory model;
means for determining whether at least a portion of any of the segments conflicts with the hazard model within any portion of the geographic area;
means responsive to the determining means for producing an error condition indicating the conflict.
42. The system of
43. The system of
44. A data structure for evaluating a predicted plan, comprising a predicted trajectory including a plurality of segments defined by waypoints, each of the segments including a horizontal path having a lateral extent parameter and a vertical path including an altitude extent parameter, at least one of the parameters for each segment is independent of the corresponding parameter for all other segments in the same trajectory.
45. The data structure of
46. The data structure of
47. The data structure of
48. The data structure of
49. The data structure of
50. The data structure of
51. The data structure of
52. The data structure of
53. The data structure of
54. A data structure for evaluating a predicted plan, comprising a hierarchical plurality of patches and subpatches together forming a geographic area, each patch containing an altitude parameter and at least one pointer to a subpatch representing a smaller portion of the area covered by its parent patch.
55. The data structure of
56. The data structure of
57. The data structure of
The present invention relates to vehicle navigation, and more particularly concerns avoidance of terrain and hazardous conditions.
Avoidance of terrain and other hazards has been an active field of development for a number of decades. Both military agencies and commercial establishments continue to investigate improved methods for increasing the safety of flights against the possibility of CFIT ("controlled flight into terrain") accidents. There is also a need, particularly for airlines, for improved methods of tracking weather systems with respect to prearranged flight plans from dispatchers.
Military terrain-avoidance systems appeared in the 1960s. A downlooking active radar system measured proximity to local terrain and maintained a specified ground clearance. Some designs included an automatic control loop controlled the aircraft's pitch, maintaining clearance by climbing over obstacles detected by the radar. Other designs provided a display for manual control by the pilot. R. L Kisslinger et al., "Manual Terrain-Following System Development for a Supersonic Fighter Aircraft," Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 3, No. 4 (July-August 1966) describes an example..
Similar avoidance systems for civilian aircraft followed a few years later, after radar altimeters were introduced into commercial transports. The altimeter provided an alert upon encountering a preset minimum height above local terrain. D. Bateman, "Development of Ground Proximity Warning Systems (GPWS)," Royal Aeronautical Society Conference on Controlled Flight into Terrain, London, Nov. 8, 1994, describes an early system of this kind. This and other examples are found in U.S. Pat. No. 3,936,796 (Bateman), U.S. Pat. No. 3,944,968 (Bateman et al.), U.S. Pat. No. 3,946,358 (Bateman), U.S. Pat. No. 3,947,809 (Bateman), U.S. Pat. No. 4,030,065 (Bateman), U.S. Pat. No. 5,220,322 (Bateman), and U.S. Pat. No. 5,410,317 (Ostrum et al.).
Later, military agencies developed onboard stored terrain data bases for aiding inertial navigation systems in cruise missiles and for displaying real-time terrain to aircraft pilots. J. Stone, "The Potential for Digital Databases in Flight Planning and Flight Aiding for Combat Aircraft," NATO document AGARD-AG-14, June, 1990 describes this concept. Digital map computers provide perspective terrain views with overlays of flight plans and of mission and threat data for current fighter aircraft, as exemplified in U.S. Pat. No. 5,086,396 (Waruszewski), U.S. Pat. No. 5,264,848 (McGuffin), U.S. Pat. No. 5,371,840 (Fischer), U.S. Pat. No. 5,406,286 (Tran et al.), U.S. Pat. No. 5,504,686 (Lippitt et al.), and U.S. Pat. No. 5,526,620 (Kodet et al.).
More recently, commercial systems combined terrain databases with radar sensors to provide a situational display. These systems also incorporate look-ahead algorithms to calculate an aircraft's future location from its present position and velocity vector, and can warn a pilot up to 20 to 60 seconds ahead of an impending loss of adequate terrain clearance. Referred to as TAWS ("terrain awareness and warning systems"), some of these products are described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,646,244 (Bateman), U.S. Pat. No. 5,414,631 (Denoize et al.), U.S. Pat. No. 5,488,563 (Chazelle et al.), U.S. Pat. No. 5,638,282 (Chazelle et al.), U.S. Pat. No. 5,677,842 (Denoize et al.), U.S. Pat. No. 5,798,712 (Coquin), and U.S. Pat. No. 5,839,080 (Muller et al.).
Even the most recent systems, however, are limited by their lack of ability to predict aircraft course and altitude. Extrapolation cannot anticipate course and altitude changes and other maneuvers as an aircraft follows its flight plan.
Flight plans for commercial transports are often prepared hours before departure. Although they are checked for hazards at the time, a trend toward user-defined trajectories and dynamic rerouting create a need for an on-board capability for continuing to check the entire flight plan for hazards during a flight.
The present invention offers a capability for finding conflicts with terrain and other hazards over an entire predicted flight plan, rather than for only a short time into the future. It can be implemented relatively inexpensively, and requires no additional infrastructure. It can be easily extended to modeling hazards other than terrain, including moving hazards such as weather.
The invention determines whether a predicted plan or trajectory intersects with terrain features or other hazards by modeling it as a dimensioned volume, comparing the volume with a model of the appropriate terrain or other hazard, and reporting any intersection with the trajectory volume. Dangerous situations can be communicated directly in real time to the aircraft crew or other persons. Other significant aspects of the invention can employ a hierarchical intersection determination, constrained-optimization techniques, and moving-hazard tracking.
The invention is not inherently limited to aircraft, and may also find utility in, for example, submarine navigation, trip planning for other vehicles. Potential applications exist in fields such as robotics, for ensuring that robots remain clear of each other and of other obstacles. That is, the terms "plan" and trajectory" should be given a broad umbra. Also, the term "hazard" must be taken broadly to include other types of features to be avoided, or even perhaps to be sought out or approached in some cases.
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a trajectory tube for an aircraft flight plan.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a hierarchical representation of a terrain area.
FIG. 3 illustrates a data structure for the terrain representation of FIG. 2.
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a typical trajectory segment and its associated terrain patches.
FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a comparison process for determining clearance between a trajectory and a terrain patch.
FIG. 6 illustrates the different cases investigated by FIG. 5.
FIG. 7 is a diagram adding a moving hazard to the flight plan of FIG. 1.
FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a system for evaluating a flight plan according to the invention.
FIG. 9 is a flowchart of the operation of the system of FIG. 8.
This description and the accompanying drawing illustrate specific embodiments in which the present invention can be practiced, in enough detail to allow those skilled in the art to understand and practice the invention. Other embodiments, including logical, electrical, and mechanical variations, are within the skill of the art. Other advantages and features of the invention not explicitly described will also appear to those in the art. The scope of the invention is to be defined only by the appended claims, and not by the specific embodiments described below.
A flight plan specifies a desired path or trajectory that an aircraft is to follow. For the present purpose, it has two components. A lateral or horizontal path is a sequential set of one or more segments whose endpoints are defined by geographical positions, usually expressed in terms of latitude and longitude. The endpoints are frequently called waypoints, although waypoints are sometimes defined within segments as well, for purposes such as verifying calculated positions. A vertical path defines a desired vertical profile in terms of altitudes and/or flight-path angle referenced to the waypoints. A flight plan can be created by an operations center, dispatcher, a pilot, or even by a computer program.
FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a flight plan representation or model 100 that enables conflict detection in a precise and efficient manner. A geographical area 110 defined by latitudes 111, 112 and by longitudes 113, 114 encloses all the individual segments 120-160 between a departure point 121 and a destination 171. (Segment widths are greatly exaggerated for clarity.) Waypoints 121 and 131 have latitudes, longitudes, and altitudes that specify the endpoints of segment 120, and so forth for the other segments. Using segment 140 as an example, a parallelopiped or tube 142 having a defined finite extent both horizontally and vertically from endpoints 141 and 151 surrounds its nominal trajectory 143. The extents can be set at will, and can be the same or different for each segment or for each endpoint. Dimension 143 symbolizes the lateral extent of segment 140 on either side of the nominal trajectory 144 for that segment. Dimension 145 shows an altitude extent about the nominal altitude profile of trajectory 144, with a lower boundary 146. These extents provide clearance distances for the aircraft from terrain or other hazards. Clearance is required to compensate for a number of factors, such as trajectory-modeling errors, navigation and sensor uncertainty, guidance uncertainty, and mandated clearance offsets.
Each endpoint has the following parameters: latitude, longitude, altitude lower bound, and lateral extent distance. Optional additional parameters can include an altitude upper bound if airborne obstacles are to be detected, and estimated time of arrival (ETA) and ETA error bound if moving obstacles are defined. Bounds must of course be expressed in units consistent with the obstacles against which they are compared. For terrain clearances, for example, the altitude lower bound must be compatible with the reference system of the terrain database, typically feet above mean sea level (MSL), although pressure altitude would typically be used for in-air hazards such as weather and other aircraft. Lateral bound are expressible in terms of latitudes and longitudes collinear with the endpoint, or by maximum deviation from the nominal end point and perpendicular to the line connecting the endpoints of a segment. Rather than fitting segment endpoints together precisely, it is usually desirable to allow a small spatial overlap, to assure that segment boundaries are continuous. This is particularly important for segment boundaries where both course and altitude changes occur. More complex segment polygons or even other shapes can be accommodated. However, it is generally more convenient to divide other shapes into multiple linear segments, defining endpoints for each artificial segment. For example, a curve can be restructured, either once or iteratively, as a number of oversized parallelopiped segments. Rather than being hard boundaries, the bounding parameters of segments can support a statistical interpretation. The entire cruise phase, and any other plan portions which are known to be free of hazards can be ignored if desired, and not represented by segments. For efficiency of checking, an overall flight plan should have as few segments as comport with other factors.
The preceding formulation employs a flat earth model. For flight plans or segments covering large geographical areas, a spherical model can be used. In this case, the boundaries and constraints are planes that pass through the center of the sphere, and a pair of terrain patch comers. An additional plane through the terrain patch corners adds an equality constraint to keep the solution near the spherical surface.
FIG. 2 illustrates a hazard model including an organization of terrain data for facilitating the comparison of the entire trajectory 100 for conflicts. The term "terrain" can include other environmental features, or, indeed any features whatsoever that can be represented in this manner. A hierarchical structure enables a rapid determination of significant regions that require additional checking. A the highest level, geographical area 110, FIG. 1, is a patch having a range of latitudes and longitudes covering the trajectory. The region of area 110 is then divided into four quadrant subregions or subpatches 210-240, each covering half the latitude and longitude ranges of the whole patch. Each quadrant is then itself divided into four further quadrants subareas, as illustrated at 241-244. These are then subdivided as many times as necessary to achieve a desired resolution. Terminal regions, for example, have a very fine resolution, because of the necessity for flying close to a number of individually small obstacles. On the other hand, great-circle routes over flat arctic areas are represented at a very coarse resolution.
Each subpatch has two parameters: a maximum and a minimum height of the terrain within that subregion. The maximum height for each subpatch is the maximum over the maxima of its subpatches, and recursively for their subpatches. The minimum is the recursive minima over the subpatches. The terrain database has a predetermined value for the finest resolution, expressed as a number of terrain points per degree. If the size of a subpatch equals one unit of resolution in both latitude and longitude, the minimum is assumed to be the maximum for that subpatch. This value is stored instead of a pointer to the subpatch, as described below. A designated value pointer value is assigned to all patches having a size smaller than the finest resolution. A patch whose maximum and minimum heights are less than a given threshold are approximated as flat, by storing the maximum height instead of a subpatch pointer. This saves a substantial amount of memory by avoiding recursive searches within a patch—sometimes covering quite a large area.
To afford further memory savings, the latitude and longitude limits of each subpatch are not stored explicitly, but are implicit in the level and location of the subpatch in the entire area. At the top level, a patch that encompasses the trajectory segment of interest has two sets of three parameters each for its latitude and longitude. Both sets function in the same manner, and only those for latitude are described. The minimum and maximum latitudes of the patch are latmin and latmax; the number of maximum-resolution samples between those two values is nlat. Thus the finest resolution for the patch is latdelta=(latmax−latmin)/nlat. The sample nearest the midpoint is nlatmid=int((nlat+1)/2), and its latitude is latmid=latmin+latdelta�nlatmid. The three latitude parameters for the quadrantal subpatches of the top patch can then be calculated as latmin1=latmin, latmax1=latmid,nlat1=nlatmid for the two lower-latitude quadrants, and latmin2=latmid, latmax2=latmax, nlat2=nlat−nlatmid for the other two. The definition of nlatmid ensures that nlat2 is always equal to or one less than nlat1. This process continues recursively until nlat1=1 at the highest resolution. Computing these quantities on the fly during the hierarchical described below thus saves a large amount of database storage space for subpatch parameters at the minor cost of computing them if and when they are needed. If the number of sample points in the latitude/longitude range of a patch is even, then its subpatch contains half the number of points; if odd, then the first subpatch is one sample larger than the second.
FIG. 3 depicts a data structure 300 for modeling the subpatches of FIG. 2 in a computer memory. List 310 has a low resolution, with all of the subpatches stored at other locations. Entries 311 and 312 are the maximum and minimum heights within the whole subpatch.. Entries 313-316 are pointers to the locations where a list for each of the quadrants is stored. List 320 represents a patch one of whose quadrants is considered to be flat. Its entry, 324, contains the (constant) height of the terrain in that subpatch. List 330 is a region at the finest resolution, where the height of all subpatches is constant. The maximum and minimum heights in the whole patch are found as constant heights within two of the subpatches.
Checking a flight-plan trajectory for hazard clearance involves comparing each trajectory segment of the plan against a terrain patch large enough to encompass the lateral extent of the segment. A hierarchical search compares a segment to coarse terrain representations, proceeding to finer resolutions only when necessary. Lists 310-330 do not contain any explicit information denoting what particular region or subarea they represent within their parent patches or within area 110, FIG. 1. Instead, the organization of the patch lists in memory implicitly defines their positions, as described above.
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of segment 140, FIG. 1. Patches 400 represent the geographical area surrounding this segment. The first question is to determine which terrain patches and subpatches contain segment 140, because these are the only ones that must be investigated for clearance. Large square patches such as 410 that contain a portion of segment 140 are successively divided into smaller square patches such as 411 that underlie a portion of the segment. In FIG. 4, the search need only cover those patches having heavy outlines; the others do not intersect the width of the segment tube. The patches that are searched are subdivided as described in connection with FIG. 5. The final subpatches are usually not all of the same size, because the search proceeds only as far as necessary within each patch.
Within a small patch such as 411, finding the area 420 for which segment 140 covers patch 411 can be converted into a linear-programming problem. That is, area 420 must satisfy eight linear constraints, because it lies in the directions indicated by the arrows from the lines bounding segment 140 and patch 411. Because all patches are bounded by constant latitude and longitude, the patch constraints are Longmin≦x≦Longmax and Latmin≦y≦Latmax. That is, these are the equations that define the interior of a patch 411. The segment boundary constraints are aix+biy+ci≧0 for Iε{1,2,3,4}, defining the interior of segment 140. When converted to the form employed in standard linear-programming techniques, this yields six equations in eight variables.
A conventional linear-programming solver performs the calculations. Initializing to, e.g., the lower left corner of patch 411, the solver begins a standard feasibility pass to find a solution set {x,y} that satisfies all the constraints. The four constraints that define patch 411 are satisfied; in addition, at least two of the constraints defining segment 140 are satisfied. The remaining constraints—up to two—must be relaxed by introducing slack variables that effectively open up the constraints by pushing them in directions opposite the arrows. In the case shown, the initial point does not meet the constraint on the lower edge of segment 140, so that constraint must be relaxed. The solver attempts to reduce the values of the slack variables to zero while maintaining a non-empty region. If this attempt fails, the segment does not intersect the patch, and that patch is discarded. If the attempt finds a region such as 420 that satisfies all constraints, the aircraft might traverse that region. The solver then enters a minimization pass, choosing an initial point within region 420 and using any convenient method to minimize a cost function that represents the altitude of segment 140. The cost function employed here is Trajh=min(ahx+bhy+ch), where ah, bh, and ch are the coefficients of the line defining the vertical profile of the lower boundary 146 of the trajectory tube. This embodiment simply interpolates linearly along the segment between the heights of the two end points 141 and 151.
Long segments require an approximation to spherical geometry. In this implementation, it is convenient to use x=rcos(Long)cos(Lat), y=rsin(Long)cos(Lat), and z=rsin(Lat), where r represents the length of the vector {x, y, z}. At the surface of the sphere, where r=1, the patch boundaries become tan(Longmin)≦y/x≦tan(Longmax) and sin(Latmin)≦z≦sin(Latmax). Adding a plane through the patch corners adds an equality constraint to keep the solution near the spherical surface. That is, making apx+bpy+cpz+dp=0 at the patch corners {p } forces r2=x2+y2+z2=1 at those points. The segment constraints are aix+biy+ciz+di≧0 for Iε{1,2,3,4}. Obviously, the spherical case requires substituting the spherical equivalents of the ah . . . dh, coefficients in the cost function above.
FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a process 500 for determining whether a segment such as 140 intersects the terrain in a patch such as 411, FIG. 4. FIG. 6 shows examples of the various situations that can be encountered. Decision block 510 determines whether the maximum height of the terrain in the patch, Terrmax, is less than the lowest height of the trajectory over the entire segment. If so, then exit 511 leads to terminus 501, indicating that no intersection is possible. In FIG. 6, line 146-1 symbolizes the lower boundary 146, FIG. 1, of segment 140 for this situation. Box 601 represents a vertical profile of the patch, with increasing altitude indicated by arrow 602. Obviously, if the lowest point 611 (which occurs at endpoint 151 for this segment) of the lower boundary never goes below the maximum height of the terrain, no intersection can occur.
Block 520 determines whether or not the trajectory tube of segment 140 intersects patch 411 at all. If the aircraft avoids overflying the patch completely, then again no intersection can occur, and exit 521 passes to terminus 501.
Block 530 finds the minimum altitude Trajmin of the lower boundary of the trajectory tube over the patch itself. Block 531 then asks whether the maximum terrain height is less than this amount. If so, exit 532 again indicates that the segment clears the terrain. FIG. 6 shows the minimum altitude of lower boundary 146-2 occurring at point 621, above Terrmax.
Block 540 asks whether the minimum terrain height Terrmin exceeds the minimum trajectory altitude. If so, exit 541 signals a terrain-intersection error at terminus 502. Line 146-3 demonstrates this situation. The lowest trajectory point at 631 is lower than any altitude within the terrain patch, so that a terrain hit must occur at some location within the patch.
If none of the above conditions obtains, then the trajectory tube might or might not intersect the terrain. Line 146-4 in FIG. 6 passes through the altitude profile of patch 411 from point 641 to point 642, where terrain might or might not exist. Block 550 divides the patch into subpatches 602 and 603 and reiterates the process for each. In this particular situation, lower boundary 146-4 exceeds the maximum terrain height over both of the child patches, at points 643 and 644. Therefore, exit 532 clears the flight plan over both of the subpatches. Some cases require multiple subdivisions, but method 500 eventually produces either a clearance 501 or an intersection error 502. This procedure thus employs a coarse resolution except when a finer resolution is required to determine actual intersection, greatly reducing computation load.
The foregoing has described the checking of hazards that remain stationary in time, such as geographical terrain. It is also advantageous to model moving hazards, such as weather systems, for possible intersection with an intended flight plan. The generic model for moving hazards includes multiple trajectory tubes each having a moving bubble representing a position in time. One trajectory represents the segments of the flight plan of an aircraft, as before. The bubble in this tube surrounds its position at the current time. At least one other trajectory tube represents the "flight plan" of a moving weather system, for example. A bubble in this trajectory surrounds the current position of the system. Further trajectory tubes can be added in a straightforward manner to model any number of hazards or other conditions that one might desire to track. Conflicts between the aircraft and the hazards then become overlaps between the bubbles in both space and time.
FIG. 7 depicts a moving-hazard or trajectory 700 superimposed upon the aircraft flight plan 100 of FIG. 1. Trajectory 700 is a "flight plan" of, for example, a weather system such as an occluded front. That is, the trajectory can be modeled in exactly the same way as flight plan 100, with no requirement for any techniques different from those for modeling the aircraft plan. In fact, the moving hazard could be another aircraft, if desired. Trajectory 700 includes a set of one or more segments such as 710 and 720 having waypoints 711, 721, and 731. These are constructed in the same manner as segments 120-160 shown in FIG. 1, and can have altitude as well as geographic extents. For the illustrative weather system, the larger dimensions indicate the greater area and uncertainty of the anticipated track relative to that of the aircraft. The segments can also have dimensions differing among each other, as depicted in FIG. 7. (Of course, the dimensions of segments 120-160 might also differ among themselves.)
FIG. 7 adds a feature to both trajectories for processing moving hazards. Intersection with stationary terrain involves only comparing the spatial coordinates of trajectory tube 100 with terrain at the same coordinates, so that a three-dimensional comparison suffices. A hazard capable of motion adds the element of time, and thus requires a four-dimensional comparison to detect intersection. Therefore, trajectory 700 incorporates a bubble 701 around the present position 702 of the aircraft, and trajectory 700 adds a bubble 703 around a nominal position 704 of the weather. Both of the bubbles have a length dimension along their tracks that parameterizes the uncertainty in the present position. Although this length is constant, it could change if desired to reflect, say, increasing uncertainty along the anticipated trajectory, just as the increased width of segment 720 represents more lateral uncertainty in the weather's track.
Detecting whether the aircraft's flight plan conflicts with the moving hazard now becomes a determination as to whether or not the bubbles 701 and 703 overlap in both space and time.
The cost function for the linear-programming formulation becomes T*=min(tend−tstart), where tend and tstart are two free parameters that bound both bubbles 701 and 703 in time. The earliest and latest possible times that the two bubbles can overlap are denoted tmin and tmax. Their values depend upon the definition of the trajectory tubes 100 and 700: tmin=max(t sa, tsh) and tmax=min(t ea,the), where the four variables are the start and end times of the trajectories of the aircraft and the hazard. There are fourteen inequality constraints of the type discussed in connection with FIG. 4. Twelve of these are linear equations that represent the six sides of the two tubes 100 and 700. The remaining two are constraints in the time dimension: tmax≧tend and tmin≦tstart. Determination of overlap varies the free parameters tend and tstart within the fourteen constraints. If there are any such values, the cost function T*, as evaluated by conventional linear-programming techniques, will be less than zero. Such an intersection in both space and time of the two trajectory tubes signals an alert condition.
In this embodiment, the search for a conflict compares all possible combinations of aircraft and hazard trajectories. The computationally least intensive comparison is to eliminate segments that do not overlap in time, because this involves the evaluation of only two scalar inequalities. Hence, temporal elimination is performed first. Spatial intersection is then handled automatically during the linear-programming feasibility pass, in the same manner in which intersections between the trajectory and the terrain are detected.
FIG. 8 shows a system 800 for evaluating a flight plan according to the invention. Trajectory generator 810 receives flight plan 811 and parameter values 812, and converts them into segment parallelepipeds or polygons. These polygons constitute a model 813 of the trajectory of the aircraft flight plan, as shown in FIG. 1. Hazard generator 820 receives raw hazard data 821 and, at least for moving hazards, parameter values 822. This data can be received before the aircraft takes off, or even in flight; moving hazards frequently change unpredictably. Converter 820 produces a model 823 of the hazard. For terrain hazards, the model includes the hierarchical patch altitudes stored by geographic position as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. For moving hazards, the model contains segments constructed similarly to those of the aircraft trajectory, as shown in FIG. 7. In this case both models include time information. Other hazards might be modeled differently.
Detector 830 inputs models 813 and 823 and determines whether there is a conflict between them. In the case of a terrain hazard, for example, the detector finds any point where an extent of an aircraft trajectory conflicts with an altitude feature of the terrain at that same geographic point. For a moving hazard, a conflict is an overlap of the hazard trajectory with the aircraft trajectory in both space and time—that is, an overlap of the bubbles in the two trajectories. Other hazard models may detect conflicts in other ways. Error condition signal 831 indicates a conflict. This signal may trigger an alarm 840 to the system operator, to the flight-plan designer, or to others. Dashed line 832 symbolizes that the conflict condition can also initiate editing or modification of the flight plan to avoid the conflict. This modification can take place before the start of the flight or in flight.
System 800 can be implemented in many ways, for example in a general-purpose computer having a processor, memory, and input/output devices. A dedicated computer, integrated with an aircraft's navigation and communications systems, is also an option.
FIG. 9 summarizes a process 900 for evaluating a flight plan according to the invention. Starting with the aircraft flight plan from an operations center or other source, block 910 defines the segments of a trajectory tube surrounding the plan, from the waypoints and from input values of the parameters as described in connection with FIG. 1.
Block 920 constructs the terrain data as a hierarchical set of patches and subpatches of a geographic area, listing maximum and minimum altitudes and pointers to subpatches, in such a way that the location and level of the patches is implicit in the data organization, FIGS. 2 and 3. Block 921 stores the relevant portion of the terrain data in a computer on the ground or in the aircraft. Block 930 iterates through the segments as block 931 finds all the terrain patches relevant to the trajectory tube. Block 940 loops through the patches in each segment while block 931 determines the patch area covered by the tube, using linear-programming constraints as illustrated in FIG. 4. Block 950 determines whether or not the current segment intersects the terrain, using the method of FIGS. 5 and 6. If an intersection occurs at any point, block 960 issues an error or alert signal indicating that the flight plan is unsafe.
If moving hazards are being monitored, block 911 defines a bubble around the aircraft. As discussed in connection with FIG. 8, this bubble has both spatial and temporal parameters. Block 970 constructs or otherwise defines one or more segments of a trajectory tube for the moving hazard. Multiple hazard tubes, not shown, are also possible. Block 971 defines a bubble incorporating the spatial and temporal parameters of the hazard. Blocks 980 and 990 iterate through the segments of both trajectory tubes. Blocks 991 and 992 detect whether the tubes overlap in space and time, using both their spatial and temporal constraint equations. If an overlap exists for any segment, block 960 issues an error alert. If no portion of the entire flight plan is unsafe for any of the modeled hazards, exit 901 indicates that it is acceptable. Error and safe conditions can be signaled to the aircraft pilot or to another person.
The present invention evaluates a predicted trajectory for intersection with any of a number of features in three or four dimensions that can be modeled as shapes such as parallelepipeds or other polygons having definable extents and/or motions. Finite-volume trajectories can incorporate minimum clearances and uncertainties. Bounding the aircraft trajectory tube in a hierarchical fashion permits efficient searches for points of proximity to the hazards. Detection of conflicts between the aircraft trajectory tube and both stationary and moving hazards employs well-developed, efficient techniques of constrained optimization. Communication of the results of the flight-plan evaluation to a user allows revisions to be performed quickly and easily.
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Peter Rabbit-Organic Baby Spring Garden, Lip Balm, 0.15 oz (4.25 g) (Discontinued Item)
By Peter Rabbit-Organic Baby Spring Garden12 Reviews
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- Product Code: PTR-10822
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Product Overview
- Free of Harsh Ingredients
- 100% Certified Organic
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Helianthus annuus (sunflower) seed oil*, beeswax*, simmondsia chinensis (jojoba) seed oil*, elaeis guineensis (palm) kernel oil*, lactuca scariola sativa (lettuce) leaf extract*, cucumis sativa (cucumber) fruit extract*, anethum graveolens (dill) leaf extract*, thymus vulgaris (thyme) leaf extract*, citrus aurantium dulcis (orange) peel oil*, citrus aurantium bergamia (bergamot) fruit oil*, mentha piperita (peppermint) oil*, citrus medica limonum (lemon) peel oil*, litsea cubeba (may chang) fruit oil*, citrus grandis (grapefruit) peel oil*, citrus nobilis (mandarin orange) peel oil*, mynoxylon pereirae (balsam peru) oil*,
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Originally written on San Francisco Giants Baseball (SF Giants... | Last updated 4/17/13
SFGiantsBaseball.net The San Francisco Giants weren't able to keep Barry Zito's streak alive. This marks Zito's first lost since August of 2012. He had 16 straight starts that resulted in a Giants win. It was an incredible streak, and he deserves a standing ovation in his next AT&T Park start! Reliever Jeremy Affeldt is on the DL with a right oblique strain, and reliever Jean Machi has be called up from the Fresno Grizzlies to take Affeldt's roster spot. What Pitchers Will Have The Best Start In April? Guess the top 5 pitchers (by ERA) and win $100 in ticket credit from our ticketing partner TiqIQ.com! You can use that ticket credit on TiqIQ.com for any event. Be sure to TAG #SFRumors as part of your answer. Click here to enter: http://www.tiqiq.com/pitchers_contest Don't forget to go to the SF Giants Rumors Facebook page to share your thoughts on all the latest News/Rumors! ~Steven Robles ———-——–—-——-——––———————-—————�...
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hey everyone.
I just had a new esc put in about 2 weeks ago or less, it wasnt used very much since then,maybe once or twice. It was working fine, i had it out and it just quit, like the transmitter wasnt connecting with the receiver...i checked it and everything, and nothing worked, so i left it and was gonna go take it to the shop, tried it a day after letting it set, and it worked.... weird, the guy said it mustve been a glitch. any ways, now when i use it, it doesnt have as much speed... if i pin the throttle from take off, it will "quiver" for lack of better words. but if i take off slow, it will go, but not near as fast as it should. im running 2 traxxas series 1 batteries in parallell, for the longer run time. all the batteries are charged, i put new batteries in the transmitter, and still the same. i tried resetting the esc, still the same. i took the cover off over the sput gears, all the teeth are fine, and theres nothing stuck in there. If you barely hold the rear tires and hit the throttle, it just "qwivers" and the tires wont spin...I dont want to have to send it away to traxxas because im in canada and it would be like 4 weeks, is there anything i can do from home?
also, the steering is getting weird, it seems like it has alot of play back and forth, and the servo doesnt have enough power to cut the wheels unless they are spinning, when im crawling with it and stuff. should i add another servo? someone told me the spring may have been overloaded. how would i check this? and can i fix it or do i have to buy a new servo? will the dual servo's make a big difference?
and help would be greatly appreciated guys, thanks


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You can now invite anyone to meet at your favorite Starbucks.
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30 year old man | Bell Canyon, CA, USA | Seeking women 22-32 within 30 miles of Canoga Park, CA
Always Remember to be Happy – Someone May Be Falling in Love with Your Smile!
Active and high energy, life is good and I'm all about exploring, discovering and experiencing all it has to offer. There's just one catch! Life is meant to be shared, and while I'm happy and secure with myself, I'm hoping to meet a special girl to spend time and have fun with. Now I'm not in a hurry to tie the knot, but if our friendship becomes something deeper down the road – I'm open! I'm a loving and caring man with a bit of the romantic about me, so I tend to put the feelings and needs of others before my own. A girl with the same giving nature would be very attractive. An honest man with a good sense of humor, I don't take myself too seriously and friends and family are at the top of my priority list. The girl I'm looking for might share my interest in staying fit and healthy, but can be just as happy kicking back and cuddling up for a good movie night at home. She knows what she wants in life and is working her own path to achieving those goals. A smile that warms the room will catch my eye right away, but it's her upbeat and confident personality that might prove her to be the best friend I can't see myself without! Wink – e-mail me – let's talk! I won't know you're interested until I hear from you, and meanwhile we're missing out on all the fun. I'll keep an eye on the inbox and hope to hear from you soon!
Coffee and conversation , Dining out , Hobbies and crafts , Movies/Videos , Music and concerts , Nightclubs/Dancing , Performing arts , Playing sports , Travel/Sightseeing , Video games , Watching sports
Baseball, Basketball, Billiards / Pool, Bowling, Football, Golf, Running, Tennis / Racquet sports, VolleyBall, Walking / Hiking, Weights / Machines
I exercise 5 or more times per week.
I have Dogs
I have two dogs that are family pets. Danny Boy is a Cocker Spaniel/Golden Retriever mix and Holly is a Pug.
A travel lover, I've been to several countries in Europe, Peru, Costa Rica, Brazil, Mexico and Canada. Greece and Germany top my "bucket list." Disneyland is another favorite destination
California State University, Northridge, Northridge, CA
Italian is my favorite food, I love pasta! While I try to eat healthy, on occasion a good cheeseburger can't be beat. I love the theater, both live and big screen. Recently I saw Les Miserables and thought it amazing!
I'm an active guy and you might find me playing softball, basketball, or working out in the gym. Other times I might be at the theater, the movies, dining out, or celebrating a special occasion. I'm open to new adventure as well.
More a movie buff than reader, the last movie a saw was The Avengers, and I'm a sucker for the superhero movies. Superman is a favorite, but so are Braveheart, Gladiator, The Matrix, and Avatar.
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
|What he is looking for
|6'0" (182cms)
|5'0" (152cms) to 6'0" (182cms)
|Body type:
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|Slender, Curvy, Athletic and toned
|Black, Blue, Brown, Grey, Green, Hazel
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At the moment I have two jobs, one as Lead Marketer and Commercial Agent for an Insurance Company, and one as a server at a fine-dining restaurant.
|$50,001 to $75,000
|Less Than $25,000, $25,001 to $35,000, $35,001 to $50,000, $50,001 to $75,000, $75,001 to $100,000, $100,001 to $150,000, $150,001+
|Never Married
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|Definitely, Someday, Not sure
|White / Caucasian
|Asian, East Indian, Latino / Hispanic, Pacific Islander, White / Caucasian
Both parents are divorced and remarried. Ours is a mixed family of whole, half, and step siblings and I love all equally. My dad was raised Jewish and my mom Mormon.
|Agnostic, Atheist, Buddhist / Taoist, Christian / Catholic, Christian / LDS, Christian / Protestant, Hindu, Jewish, Muslim / Islam, Spiritual but not religious, Other, Christian / Other
An Agnostic, religion is unimportant to me and not a factor in my relationship.
|English, Other
|Bachelors degree
|High school, Some college, Associates degree, Bachelors degree, Graduate degree, PhD / Post Doctoral
A recent graduate of California State University of Northridge, I earned a Bachelor's Degree in Marketing.


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Start a royal friendship with this pretty in purple Disney Princess themed gift! The Disney Princess Bear comes dressed in a Purple Satin Dress, Purple Gem Heels and Purple Gem Bows. With her pretty and soft pink fur, special Disney Princess patterned paw pads and ears, and attached purple crown, this teddy bear makes a great Disney Princess themed gift!
Warning: Choking HazardClick here


text:
YIELD: Makes 2 servings
Discard stems from spinach and coarsely chop spinach.
In a steamer set over boiling water steam spinach, covered, 1 minute or until just wilted. Drain spinach well.
In a saucepan melt butter. Add flour and cook over moderate heat, stirring, 1 minute. Stir in cream and simmer, stirring constantly, 2 minutes (mixture will be thick). Stir spinach into sauce and season with salt and pepper.


text:
LIFE expectancy in the US is rising slower than expected and the blame lies mostly with a history of smoking and an obesity epidemic.
Children born in Japan today can expect to live about 5 years longer than their American counterparts. The gap between Europe and the US is smaller, but widening. A panel set up by the US National Research Council (NRC) has now concluded that life expectancy in the US has risen more slowly than in other rich countries because of smoking, overeating and lack of exercise.
When today's senior citizens were younger, Americans used to smoke more than people in other rich countries. This accounts for about 40 per cent of the lag in life expectancy for US men - and almost 80 per cent for US women. Obesity is the next most important factor, accounting for between one-fifth and one-third of the US shortfall in life expectancy.
While poor access to healthcare sends some Americans to an early grave, its effects pale beside the damage caused by unhealthy lifestyles, says Samuel Preston of the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, co-chair of the NRC panel. "The basic message is that personal behaviours are primarily responsible," he says.
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text:
Audio Samples
Album Summary
Notes & Reviews:
Regina is indeed a very unusual opera by Albert Lortzing: a romantic political 'liberation opera' in which the main characters are workers that go on strike and sing for their freedom. This is the first recording of the original version.
American Record Guide, March/April 2014
This recording ignores the political matters and concentrates on the music. The recordings I have heard from this series are first-rate. The orchestra and chorus perform beautifully, and most of the soloists sing very well. The music reminds me a bit of Weber's Freischntz. There are fine tunes aplenty; several arias, mostly short, give the soloists opportunity to shine. As it is, it still is pleasant listening. The set comes with a complete German-English libretto, artist bios, and an interesting essay.
Recording information: Prinzregententheater, München (01/28/2011/01/30/2011).
ReviewsThere are currently no reviews, be the first one!
Also Purchased
Works DetailsLortzing, Albert : Regina, opera
- Conductor: Ulf Schirmer
- Ensemble: Prague Philharmonic Chorus
- Notes: Prinzregententheater, München (01/28/2011/01/30/2011)
- Running Time: 6 min. 41 sec.
- Period Time: Romantic
- Form: Opera/Operetta


text:
July 4, 2015
Most Of The Northwest Will Get A Break In The Heavy Rain By
Wednesday Morning...
Temperatures Will Return To Seasonal Normal Behind A Cold Front
In The East...
After Almost A Week Of Heavy Rain... The West Will Finally Get A
Break From The Deluge As This Last Pacific Frontal System Has Now
Pushed Far Enough Inland Into The Northern Rockies.
The Exception To This Is Northern California Where Moderate Rain Is Still Possible As The Southern Portion Of This System Pushes Through Early Wednesday Morning. Across The Remainder Of The West... Some Lighter And More Scattered Precipitation Is Still Expected Across The Region On Wednesday... But Should Begin To Subside By Wednesday Afternoon As The Moisture Supply From The Pacific Ocean Will Be Cut Off.
Throughout The Forecast Period... The Northern Part Of This Front Is Expected To Race Across The Northern Plains And Into The Great Lakes While The Southern Portion Slows And Get Held Up By The Terrain.
On Thursday... Some More Rain And High Elevation Snow Could Develop Across The Northwest Ahead Of Another Pacific Short Wave.
In The East... The Northern Portion Of A Strong Cold Front Will Move Off The Mid-Atlantic And New England Coasts By Wednesday
High Pressure Will Build In Behind The Front And Temperatures Should Return Back To Near Normal For This Time Of The Year.
The Southern Portion Of This System However Will Linger Across The Southeast Through Thursday Afternoon. Sufficient Moisture From The Gulf Of Mexico Could Trigger Some Scattered Showers And Thunderstorms Along The Front On Wednesday.
As The Front Finally Makes Its Way Offshore On Thursday Afternoon... The Chance For Very Light Rain Or A Possible Thunderstorm Will Be
Confined Only To The Atlantic Coastal Regions From South Carolina
To Florida.
Click Here to access the online Public Inspection File
Viewers with disabilities can get assistance accessing this station's FCC Public Inspection File by contacting the station with the information listed below. Questions or concerns relating to the accessibility of the FCC's online public file system should be directed to the FCC at 888-225-5322, 888-835-5322 (TTY), or email@example.com.


text:
Kenya President Uhuru Kenyatta on Friday honoured his pledge to sponsor the national football team to travel to Brazil to watch the ongoing World Cup finals.
Kenya have never qualified for the world's greatest football showpiece but Kenyatta said the trip would provide the players with the inspiration to fight and qualify for the 2018 finals in Russia.
"My wife and I sponsor Harambee Stars, not to participate but to watch the World Cup to give them inspiration," said Kenyatta when he handed the team their air-tickets on Friday.
"We hope that Harambee Stars will be motivated by what they see in Brazil, and even be encouraged to do better and qualify for future World Cups."
Eighteen players and four officials will make the trip on Sunday, due to a pledge Kenyatta made to the team after winning the regional Cecafa Senior Challenge Cup tournament in Nairobi last December.


text:
Taco Bell and Pizza Hut Are Removing All the Fake Ingredients From Their Food
But the cleanse won't extend to "co-branded" items, like Doritos Locos Tacos.
But the cleanse won't extend to "co-branded" items, like Doritos Locos Tacos.
"Wait a minute, I'm not exactly a computer. Slow down."
Say what you will about Doritos Locos tacos, but at least those felt like progress.
They've been waiting more than 20 years for this moment.
Good news for people who are too stoned to drive.
As opposed to, say, stoner experiences.
Best branded partnership ever?
The petition has 25,000 signatures.
Spoiler alert: It won't be.
That included 64 inches of nachos.
This is locos.
Kansas City locations are reportedly slathering Quesaritos and tacos in it.
To be fair, it does sound like it'd be okay if you put some tequila in it.
Locations in multiple states are testing the next breakfast item.
"I turned into Doughnuts McCigarettes the second I left for college."
The Doritos Loco dust has apparently settled.
And the customer got a nibble of his assailant's arm.
Old El Paso beats PepsiCo to the punch.
We brought this on ourselves.
Dallas gets the company's first foray into more exotic fare.


text:
|About DSpace Software
DSpace at the University of Texas at Austin School of Information >
This collection contains a single, 357 mb file titled "US693-2924.img." As of the date of ingest, the CAH has not been able to open this file. It is presumably a disk image created by CD burning software using a Mac platform. At that time, there were no widely accepted ISO standards for CD burners.
Metadata notes: Heather Kelley, listed in the Dublin Core records as "contributor:author" is better articulated as Producer-Designer. The specific file creators were unidentified, however, Chris Spears, as the lead programmer at Human Code, most likely created a majority of the source code files. Additionally, the date used for "date created" field was the "last modified" date taken from the disks.
The collection consists of a tarball* of the .img file. The "last modified" file date on this disk is May 25, 1999 at 14:25:30. The collection title is as written on the disk: ARGH.
*A tarball is like an archival zip file. It compiles all files selected and creates a single bitstream (a single file) with the file extension .tar. In the case of this collection, the tarballs have also been compressed using gzip, and have the extension .tar.gz. They can be uncompressed using 7-zip software ( http://www.7-zip.org/ ), or using the standard command line tools. In a Linux environment, for example, you can extract the contents of a tarball by issuing the following command:
tar -xzvf filename.tar.gz
This material is under copyright. Refer to the copyright information under the Heather Kelley Papers, Redbeard's Pirate Quest community.
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text:
As of Thursday, November 8, 2012
© Copyright 2015 Gwinnett Daily Post
Dacula Falcons (8-AAAAAA)
Coach: Jared Zito
Record: 1-8, 1-6 region
Last week: Lost to Central Gwinnett 37-20
Berkmar Patriots (8-AAAAAA)
Coach: Jonathan Sanks
Record: 1-8, 0-7 region
Last week: Lost to Parkview 38-7
Even with the playoffs out of reach, both Dacula and Berkmar say they have something to play for Friday.
"We are both fighting to get that second win," said Berkmar head coach Jonathan Sanks. "We ain't going to die easy."
The same is true at Dacula, which has played teams tough seemingly every week before youthful mistakes caught up with them.
"We are focusing on this year and finishing strong for this team and these seniors," Dacula coach Jared Zito said.
For the Falcons that includes senior receivers Michael Stampfel and Josh Bullock and outside linebacker Ethan Steed.
"He's started every game for us," Zito said of Steed. "He's a guy we'll miss next year."
But both teams aren't very senior heavy, part of the reason for this year's struggles. Dacula took some injuries early and Berkmar faded late in games, unable to match its opponent's depth.
"We aren't that deep, but we aren't that bad," Sanks said. "When our first team gets tired, that's a wrap. Our kids play hard every week."
And so do the Falcons, making this game one neither team is going to give up on for lack of a postseason.
"It we win, it will definitely give us momentum," Sanks said.
Zito agrees.
"We want to win this Friday to send our seniors off the right way," Zito said, "and really start building toward our future. It'll be exciting."
Last meeting: Dacula won 50-6 last year
Directions to Berkmar High School: From I-85, go east on Pleasant Hill Road; school is
on the right just before Ga. Highway 29.
More like this story
- PREVIEW: Dacula at Brookwood ( October 4, 2012 )
- PREVIEW: Archer at Dacula ( September 27, 2012 )
- Dacula faces Parkview team following Falcons' script ( October 11, 2012 )
- Dacula Falcons 2011 Football Preview ( August 25, 2011 )
- Berkmar at Dacula preview ( November 7, 2013 )


text:
Violence in Nigeria's northeast has gained in intensity since April, when more than 200 schoolgirls were snatched by Boko Haram rebels from Chibok. Efforts to free them have so far not succeeded.
The attackers yesterday made simultaneous strikes on two villages in the Chibok community, in Borno state.
Samuel Chibok, a survivor of the attack on Kautikiri village, said that around 20 men in a pick-up truck and motorcycles rolled into town. They sprayed it with bullets, focusing much of their fire power on a local church.
"Initially I thought they were military but when I came out, they were firing at people. I saw people fleeing and they burned our houses," he said.
A pro-government vigilante said residents had recovered 15 bodies.
Another attack on Kwada, five miles (8km) from Chibok village, left some people dead, a security source said.


text:
Question Your World: Can We Plant Fake Memories?
What happened to you yesterday? What did you learn? Our lives are built moment by moment and our memory is what allows us to understand the past and continue to operate in the present. So, what happens if your oldest memories get totally replaced? What if we can plant fake memories? Find out what this week's Question Your World Radio Report from the Science Museum of Virginia has to say about it.


text:
Scrapbook Adhesives Paper Photo Corner Adhesives
Scrapbook Adhesives Paper Photo Corner Adhesives
Weights & Dimensions
|Product Type: Scrapbooking Supplies
|Country of Manufacture: Denmark
About the ManufacturerAt Scrapbook Adhesives, they are inspired by you to provide the most reliable, easy-to-use adhesives to suit any papercrafting need. Their guarantee leaves you free to focus on your craft! They realize you have numerous choices of adhesive for your projects and appreciate that your choice is SCRAPBOOK ADHESIVES BY 3L. For the past 40 years, 3L has prided themselves with providing the best adhesives on the market. Visit the links below to learn what sets them apart from the competition.
Scrapbook Adhesives Paper Photo Corner Adhesives
Still have questions about this product? We're here to help
NOTE: This product is subject to a minimum order quantity of 3
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Tell us what you think about this product. It will help us provide you with better products in the future and help your fellow shoppers make better purchases.Write the first review
OUR SKU # SCRE1021Paper Photo Corner Adhesives is also sometimes listed under the following manufacturer numbers: 01625-10, 01626-10, 01627-10, 01628-10, 01629-10, 01630-10


text:
When Dr. Watson lost his mojo: Haaretz talks to BBC's 'Sherlock' co-creator
Mark Gatiss explains how the pipe-smoking 19th century sleuth was transformed into a high-tech, nicotine-patched, sexually ambiguous icon
Text size
Sherlock Holmes, hero of the television series "Sherlock," is a 21st-century man. He becomes an Internet sensation thanks to Dr. Watson, who recounts his exploits in a popular blog. The detective in the long coat and raised collar sends reams of text messages from his mobile phone and tries to kick the smoking habit by means of nicotine patches. But with all the changes the original character has...
The full text is available for subscribers & registered users.
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once in about a month when i turn a blinker on the wipers turn on and my cruise controll is in working condition but my switch on the turn signal doesnt work it. and my wiper pump wont turn on even tho i got a new one. is it something in my steering column or a couple fuses i need check. HELP
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1990 Porsche 944 Question: here is the deal, i have a nice porsche 944 but it has a small electrical problem...
luckyporscheowner, 3.0L 4 Cylinder, Clancy, MT, March 04, 2011, 13:04
1 Answer
Answer #1mwelitzkin April 23, 2011, 19:22Rookie
did you fix this yet? I have similar problem on my 84 carrera.
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