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Orange Bowl Pick- Northern Illinois vs. Florida State
- Updated: December 28, 2012
College Football Bowl Picks
Orange Bowl Preview
Northern Illinois Huskies
Florida State Seminoles
Date/Time: January 1st, 8:30 pm EST
Television: ESPN
Orange Bowl Odds from BetDSI
Point Spread: Florida State -13
Total: 58.5
Football Betting Game Trends
Northern Illinois Huskies
- Northern Illinois is 5-0 SU in its last 5 games
Florida State Seminoles
- Florida State is 13-2 SU in its last 15 games
- Florida State is 1-5 ATS in its last 6 games
Orange Bowl Pick – January 1st
For the first time, a member of the MAC is going to be playing in a BCS bowl game. On January 1st, the Northern Illinois Huskies will take on the Florida State Seminoles in the Orange Bowl, a game that is definitely going to be intriguing to NCAA football betting fans.
Northern Illinois is definitely the sweetheart team of America this year. The club finished out the campaign at 12-1, beating virtually everyone that the rough and tumble top of the MAC had to offer. This team is all about the play of QB Jordan Lynch though, and if he doesn't have the game of his life against the Florida State defense, there just is no way that NIU is going to be able to stick around. Lynch was one of the top rushers in the nation with 1,771 yards and 19 TDs, and he also threw for 2,962 yards and 24 scores. He is going to join the elite club of quarterbacks that have thrown for and rushed for 20+ touchdowns in the same season, and he has an outside chance of throwing for 3,000 yards (a shoe in) and rushing for 2,000 (incredibly tough). WR Martel Moore did have 905 yards and 11 TDs this year for the Huskies, and they try to get the ball to the outside with Moore as often as they can.
The Seminoles have to be disappointed with the way that this year played out. They were considered amongst the preseason favorites to win the BCS National Championship this year, but their loss on the road to the NC State Wolfpack really killed any chances that they had. They were also beaten by the Florida Gators in the last weekend of the regular season, and struggled with several other teams like the Virginia Tech Hokies and the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets down the stretch of the season. That being said, this is still a team that went 11-2 this year and won the ACC, and it is getting rewarded by playing in a very suitable bowl game, albeit against a less than suitable foe. QB EJ Manuel is going to be playing his last game in garnet and gold, and so too might a number of players from a defense that did its job for the most part this year, ranking in the Top 10 in virtually every major defensive category.
Head Coach Jimbo Fisher has done a brilliant job getting his team ready for a pair of bowl games since taking over in Tallahassee, and he is surely going to do a great job again this year. Northern Illinois is a nice story at 12-1, but it also is a team that darn near lost to Kansas. In the end, this game is going to look a lot more like the Georgia/Hawaii Sugar Bowl from a few years ago than the Boise State/Oklahoma Fiesta Bowl where the Broncos hit the map. Florida State 38 – Northern Illinois 17
Adam Markowitz
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Tina Dupuy: Gingrich has a dark vision for a Shining City Upon a Hill: where poor children work in place of union labor. It's basically the 20th century played in reverse.
Progressive Media Advocates
By Tina Dupuy
Treva Brandon Scharf: Confident people don't bash themselves; they don't let negative thinking and self-loathing screw up a good workout or undermine their progress.
Edward Wasserman: The larger question, to me, was less why she did what she did, but why everybody seemed to care so much, and why her case provoked so much anger.
Joe Mathews: But with immigration flatlining and the climate drying up, it may soon be.

subset: commoncrawl


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In at the deep end
Balancing the books is no easy task for Kent Search and Rescue as the charity attends record numbers of call outs for the emergency services.
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See the full forecast for your area.
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Balancing the books is no easy task for Kent Search and Rescue as the charity attends record numbers of call outs for the emergency services.
Angry councillors have forced a debate at full council over plans to include Junction 8 for business development.
Hundreds of kindhearted bikers turned out to give a motorcycle mad great gran the send off she deserved.
Two separate collisions have taken place on the M20 this afternoon.
A three car collision has blocked one lane on the Maidstone-bound stretch of Detling Hill.
Click here to see what is in your Kent Messenger editions this week...
Local information and services
Steve Smith, ranked the world's No.1 Test batsman, said a stint in Kent as a teenager helped him become the player he is now.
Kent Cricket chief executive Jamie Clifford has hailed Kent's match against the Australians as a spectacular success on every level.
Dartford captain Garry Cook insists his table-topping team have nothing to lose in their pursuit of back-to-back promotions.
Qualifying for the Open Championship proved a bridge too far for Kent's golfers on Tuesday.
Welcome to the Kent Messenger home page. Read all the latest news in Maidstone, what's on, local businesses and sport in Maidstone, Tunbridge Wells, Tonbridge, Paddock Wood and West Malling, from the Kent Messenger team.
The journalists from the Kent Messenger provide regular news updates throughout the day, alongside all the latest Kent news and sport from the rest of the KentOnline network from the KM Media Group.


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See our store section for gifts by different stores
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Dog Imitation Wood Handle Italian Cane
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Large Kitty Crystal Pendant Necklace with Pink Bow
Kitty Chic Handbag
Shih Tzu Love Handbag
Girl's Cute Kitten Personalized Name Necklace
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Extra Small Kitty Crystal Stud Earrings
Cats Fill a Heart with Love Engraved Sterling Silver Earrings
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Rhinestone Kitty Outline Bracelet Charms
Enamel Kitty with Pink Rhinestone Crown Stud Earrings
Custom Pet Nose Print Necklace
Big Bang Theory Soft Kitty Knit Sweater


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The Giants have been in contact with Derek Jeter's agent
Nov 29, 2010, 7:00 PM EDT
You knew this was coming.
According to Brian Costa of the Wall Street Journal, the Giants have been in contact with Derek Jeter's agent Casey Close.
Henry Schulman of the San Francisco Chronicle speculated earlier this month that the Giants would likely keep an eye on the negotiations — remember, general manager Brian Sabean was the Yankees' vice president of player development when Jeter was drafted in 1992 — so this isn't much of a shocker. Still, Costa writes that the Giants aren't seriously pursuing the free agent shortstop.
And who would, really? Though negotiations have gotten ugly in the past few days, no team would actually top the Yankees' reported offer of three years and $45 million. Right?
- pisano - Nov 29, 2010 at 8:39 PM
God, I only hope this is not horse crap. Let him see what it's like on the other side of the fence.I have a family member who bounced around baseball as a catcher and one of the stops he made was with the Yankees, and he said no team treats you like the Yankees. He was with four or five teams and he said it's a different world over at the Yankees.
- uyf1950 - Nov 29, 2010 at 8:40 PM
Maybe the Giants would be interested in offering Jeter the same type of package they offered Zito a few years back 7 years $126M. While it wouldn't quite match the dollars per year Jeter is looking for it would be one year longer then he was asking the Yankees for. I say go for it.
- jfk69 - Nov 30, 2010 at 6:40 AM
Jeter can join Zito on the Giants taxi squad. Apparently the Giants have more money to burn. Maybe they will take Beltran as well. Alderson…give them a call.
- metalhead65 - Nov 30, 2010 at 7:42 AM
what is this obsession you have against jeter trying to get as much as possible for his last contract?he is not the player he once was but the way you hound him you would think the guy plays in a wheelchair or something. why is it ok for your boy manny to be overpaid but not jeter?he hasn't been the same player since he got poped for roids and only plays when he feels like it.ask the dodgers what a great team player he was.like the yankees over paying jeter would stop them from adding anyone else to their payroll or hurt the club moneywise. and please for the love of god spare me all the newley invented stats to prove your point,I don't care and most fans are not interested in them either.I grew up playing and watching the game without any of that nonsense and the game was just fine with the stats it had. I hate the yankees so it's not like I am big fan trying to defend but gees the guy is not doing anything different than any other free agent.
- Jonny 5 - Nov 30, 2010 at 8:32 AM
I haven't heard that any other Free Agents want 3 times what their actual value is. Not yet anyway… Plus, isn't it fun to hate on Deter?
- churchoftheperpetuallyoutraged - Nov 30, 2010 at 8:57 AM
and please for the love of god don't use any of that fancy "math" or "reasoning" to explain why the Yanks would be idiots in increasing their offer to Jeter, I don't care and most fans are not interested in them either.
Fixed that for you.
And on a serious note, there is zero problem with Jeter trying to get as much money as he wants on the market. The problem is that he's not entitled to more money merely because of who he is. The negotiations are a two way street, and the Yanks have offered an [overly] fair market contract. If he wants to get a better deal, Cashmoney has already told him to go looking for it.
Top Posts
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- And That Happened: Wednesday's scores and highlights 51
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Wilbert Uicab vs. Anthony Villarreal
From BoxRec
2010-02-20 : Wilbert Uicab 112 lbs fought without result Anthony Villarreal 112 lbs by NC in round 2 of 10
- Location: Poliforum Zamna, Merida, Yucatán, Mexico
- Referee: Jesus Arias Torres
- Judge: Elias Chan Pavon
- Judge: Jesus Manuel Erosa
- Judge: Jose Vazquez
- NABF Flyweight Title (5th defense of Uicab)
- Fight stopped as a result of an accidental clash of heads that opened a cut over Uicab's left eyebrow.
- With this defense, Uicab becomes the first fighter to successfully defend the NABF Flyweight belt on five occasions. He previously shared the record of 4 defenses with Ysaias Zamudio, Danny Romero and Brian Viloria
|Preceded by:
Uicab vs. Solano
| NABF Flyweight Title Fight
# 63
|Succeeded by:
Uicab vs. De Sousa


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The L.A. Convention Center becomes the ultimate destination for those passionate about worldwide travel
RISE OF THE PLANET OF THE APES, the summer blockbuster on slate for release August 2011, previewed its first look during a Facebook live stream event direct from the special effects wizards of WETA Digital
Fifteen of LA's most celebrated chef's gathered recently at The Paley Center for Media in Beverly Hills for An Evening of Food and Foto's to benefit Foundation Rwanda
The original Broadway cast of God of Carnage bring heavyweight laughter to the Ahmanson
Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice at the Broad Stage, presented by Theatre for a New Audience, is an important, engaging, delightful
Small Engine Repair will not let you get comfortable or complacent or let you assume for one second that you know what's going to happen next. These 90 minutes are full of surprises
The Long Beach Convention & Entertainment Center is offering Exclusive Discounted Tickets Available Online Now for Cirque Club Members. Tickets for General Public On Sale from December 13
Meet me at the corner of Angst and Paranoia
This expression of The Bluest Eye tells us, shows us, helps us understand. Phantom Projects Theatre Group specializes in plays based on classic pieces of literature. From here on out, I vow to see every one
At the close of the show, the audience members who weren't leading the standing ovation rushed up to shake his hand or get a quick photo. Now that's the real deal
On a lovely sunset hour, near the poolside of the Sunset Tower Hotel in Los Angeles is where the Kardashians hit the red carpet to celebrate the launch of the REDBOOK Magazine May Cover of their first family issue
Jane Anderson's new play at the Geffen Playhouse will have people talking. Sex is the topic with plenty of graphic sex talk throughout the play. Forget sexual innuendo; this is down and dirty sex itself
Don't dilly dally getting your tickets: The Golden Gays is back in LA by popular demand with the emphasis on both "popular" and "demand"
Terry Knowles, long-time executive director of the Los Angeles Master Chorale (LAMC), has been promoted to President and CEO of the world-renowned chorus effective immediately, announced LAMC Chairman Mark Foste
You will be entertained, astonished and also saddened
The Wasatch Theatrical Ventures and GTC Burbank remind us of what recession looks like from the eyes of a middle class Brooklyn couple during the early 1970s in Neil Simon's Prisoner of Second Avenue
There is so much to love about Center Theatre Group's production of Burn This, at the Mark Taper Forum
The Royal Underground Theatre Company's production of Rent is, for the most part, a solid production of a cultish show that makes a lot out of its more modest creation
With Dog Sees God, you go for the fun, lots of laughs, and you get a sort of contemporary morality play in the bargain
Everything you love about RENT is here


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Pastels with Tasia Erickson
- Performing & Visual Arts
- 315 E. Main St, Ventura
Spring 2013 Paint Ventura
Red Brick Art
Saturday, April 27, 2013 from 11:00 AM to 5:00 PM (PDT)
Paint Ventura Features Fine Art in a variety of mediums, ALL art must be created by the artist in the booth. NO mass produced goods.
Please Download application from our web-site and mail it in once you register and send us a sample of your art to firstname.lastname@example.com. All art is jurried into the event.
New Workshops for adults in Pastels, Mosaics, Watercolors, Acrylics, Clay, PhotoShop, Photography and more weekly.
Red Brick Gallery is located at 315 E Main St Ventura CA 93001
New Location starting August 19th
4601 Telephone Rd Suite 112 Ventura CA 93003
In order to purchase these tickets in installments, you'll need an Eventbrite account. Log in or sign up for a free account to continue.


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River Valleys has been hard at work all summer updating our website to be easier for our girls, families and volunteers to use. Here are some highlights: For Girls + ...more Welcome to the New River Valleys Website!
Posts Tagged tips
Welcome to the New River Valleys Website!
29 September 2012 . 6 comments (comments are closed)
Money-Earning Tips for Troops
20 September 2012
As we start another Girl Scout year, you may have questions about money-earning activities you want to do with your troop. River Valleys staff is here to help. Most Girl ...more Money-Earning Tips for Troops
Money-Earning Tips from a Spaghetti Dinner
21 January 2012
The subject of money earning is not always easy to understand. So I am here to help. Please email me at firstname.lastname@example.com or call 800-845-0787. You can also post a ...more Money-Earning Tips from a Spaghetti Dinner
Money-Earning Tip: Craft + Bake Sales
12 December 2011
At River Valleys we strive to make Girl Scout activities, like money-earning projects, more relatable and less confusing. Recently girls and volunteers have sent in their experiences and helpful tips. ...more Money-Earning Tip: Craft + Bake Sales
Money Earning Tip: Getting Started
21 September 2011
The fall air has arrived and with it another school year has begun. I am seeing so many returning faces as well as many new and wonderful people beginning their ...more Money Earning Tip: Getting Started
First-Time Leaders: Planning for 2011-2012 – Your First Troop Meeting
21 July 2011
It's hard to believe, but the end of summer is just around the corner, and it's time to start thinking about your first Girl Scout meeting this fall. The girls ...more First-Time Leaders: Planning for 2011-2012 – Your First Troop Meeting
First-Time Leaders: Submit Your Troop Finance Report by June 15
16 May 2011 . 2 comments (comments are closed)
As your troop wraps up their Girl Scout year, it is important for you to turn in your troop's Annual Finance Report. Two copies of this form, along with your ...more First-Time Leaders: Submit Your Troop Finance Report by June 15
Summertime Activities
5 May 2011
As troops prepare for summertime activities, remember to check out the Safety Activity Checkpoints. For example, the Swimming Safety Activity Checkpoint is where you find information about swimming and water ...more Summertime Activities
First-Time Leaders: Explore Girl Scout Training Opportunities
12 April 2011
As a new leader, you are required to attend certain training sessions within the first four months of being appointed. In addition to required training, River Valleys also offers exciting ...more First-Time Leaders: Explore Girl Scout Training Opportunities
Money-Earning Tip: Ideas
16 March 2011
Get creative! Money-earning shouldn't be drudgery—have fun building new skills and helping the troop or group. Here are some ideas to help you think about getting started: Participate in the ...more Money-Earning Tip: Ideas


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A 12-year-old Truman boy is expected to be hospitalized for the next 4 months after suffering burns on over 60% of his body last week. Alex Mendenhall, the Son of Cindy Treider and Sam Mendenhall, was severely burned when a can of paint reducer thrown into a fire ring blew up. He is being treated at Regions Hospital in St. Paul. Mendenhall has undergone three surgeries so far to remove the burned skin. The worst of the burns occurred on his torso, upper arms and legs. He will likely remain in the hospital until at least December. Several fundraisers are being planned in Truman to help the family with medical expenses. This Sunday there will be a bake sale from 12 to 2 at Graf Park in Truman. The Truman Fire Department is holding a raffle as well, and on September 24th there will be a motorcycle and bike run and benefit. Donations can also be made at Bank Midwest.
Truman Boy Badly Burned


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Hi Folks,
Just to let you know that a new website www.magicconventionguide.com has just been launched.
It aims to be a one stop show for all magic convention news, reviews, articles, guides and so much more.
For those of you off to Blackpool be sure to check out the Blackpool guide and if it's your first time at Blackpool be sure to read Kevin McMahon's article on his first visit to a magic convention. There are big name interviews from Luke Jermay and Joshua Jay as well.
The site will be updated every Saturday.
We are looking for contributors for all sections so be sure to email email@example.com if you'd like to see your name in virtual lights.


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Here in the Chicago area they really promote Dish, especially the Latino package on Spanish radio stations, they promote it so much they should be the official sales pitch for the Hispanic communities, Before every commercial break they promote it like crazy that it gets annoying, maybe it has to do with Univision which the station is affiliated with the company, to promote their Univision Deportes and novelas channel(spanish soap operas), La Que Buena 105.1 fm which mainly play Mexican country songs, I know there are other similar station in the Los Angeles and Houston area that probably have that extreme sales pitch.
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Promoting Dish on Spanish Radio Stations
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Digital Book Reader Accessories
The fruit bundle includes a tote bag, e-Reader/ iPad Mini case and cosmetic case. The fruit tote design is printed on a natural 100% cotton, screen printed with vegetable base inks (size 17x15" excluding handles, adjustable handles, handy outside pocket, tie to close). Protect your e-Reader or iPad mini from damage, wear and tear. We designed our sleeve so that the magnetized strap is on the front of the cover. The front features the beautiful apples & oranges design with tiny embroidery (size 8.25x6", padded for extra support, one size fits all e-Reader). Makes a great pencil case as well! With this case keep your cosmetics, or whatever you choose to fill it with, organized inside your bag. It is made with 100% cotton fabric and has an added touch of ecojot design, pretty appliques and wooden buttons add extra detail. It is lined with solid brown 100% polyester so that it is water resistant. The top closes with brown a zipper (size 10x6", tiny outside pocket).
Continue Shopping:Ecojot E-Book Reader Accessories


text: Since I am much older than most of our readers, my tradition of a Christmas tree has changed over the years. Growing up on a farm we went to the woods and cut our own tree. Sometimes it didn't look much like a Christmas tree, but the spirit was there. We didn't have electricity, so [...]...Read More


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Winter!: Prepare for holiday gaming!
Game Night!: This weekend! https://www.facebook.com/events/317792721696252/
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Answer this question....: Eyup or Nope?
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Fercberk...: Ask us a question or two on our Facebook Page! http://www.facebook.com/gamerDNA
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Closing in:
is the best track game ever. is the best fucking non glitcher player alive
Game Traits applied to Grid (PS3) by streetracer1474
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is alright but im getting better
is a good game nd im a good ass player
is the best shooter i ever played 4 ps3. I AM NOT A NOOB
The number of games with "Pirate" in the title.
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COLUMBIA CITY — A turkey nearly went through the windshield of a semi truck on U.S. 30 Monday morning.
The tractor-trailer was headed westbound on U.S. 30 near the intersection of Ind. 205, when a turkey hit the windshield, shattering it.
The driver was uninjured in the crash.
COLUMBIA CITY — Columbia City Mayor Ryan Daniel announced a new program which will provide additional accessibility to the mayor for city residents.
"We will begin a Mayor's Night In program which will allow residents, who aren't available during regular business hours, to have the opportunity to meet and discuss their city issues with me," stated Daniel.
Ten-minute slots will be available during a two- hour period, once a month for meetings with citizens.
INDIANAPOLIS — Indiana's General Assembly voted to give Indiana Governor Mike Pence a portion of what he wanted.
Pence was seeking a 10 percent income tax cut phased in over two years with 5 percent starting two months from now, and another 5 percent a year later. The full cut, under his proposal, would have been in place by mid-2014.
Instead, legislators saw that a 3 percent income tax cut would begin in 2015, and another 2 percent would start in 2017.
COLUMBIA CITY — Runners took their marks Saturday for the 5K Walk/Run for Jesus.
The event was slated as a kick off to the National Day of Prayer to be held Thursday.
Although the National Day of Prayer will be recognized Thursday, the entire month of May is reserved for prayer for the country and the community.
"This is the time of year when we focus our prayers specifically for the state of our nation and our community leaders," said Suzie Langohr event planner.
COLUMBIA CITY — In a day when computers, video games and cellphones are the most prized possession for a young person, it's unusual to find teenagers involved in something that doesn't require battery power.
However, nestled in the Whitley County countryside is a place where technology is unnecessary, but a desire to create and grow is the key in discovering life's true passions.
Creeare Ranch, located east of Columbia City, can be described as a sanctuary, a refuge, or a laboratory, but in reality it is simply a horse barn.
Andrea White lived for 24 hours in a cardboard box shelter from Saturday to Sunday morning on the lawn in front of City Hall in Columbia City. She was demonstrating how homeless people live in the Phillipines, as well as raising money for her second mission trip to a squatter village in Manila in May.
According to the Indiana Department of Transportation, resurfacing resumes today on U.S. 33 from Ind. 109 to U.S. 6. Thru traffic is allowed via flaggers during the day. There will be no nighttime restrictions.
Columbia City's golf team hosted and fell to Homestead Friday night. See The Post & Mail's sports section for results and comments from Eagle Head Coach Andrew Thompson. Pictured, Columbia City's top two linksters, freshmen Tyler Green and Spencer Kilmek (putting).
COLUMBIA CITY — Whitley County's Board of Commissioners approved a request from Passages, Inc. for funding at its last meeting.
The commissioners were unanimous in their approval. Passages, Inc. had previously requested for money from the county's CEDIT fund at the meeting of the commissioners April 1. That request was tabled.
"Now we will give it to the county council," said Commissioner Chair George Schrumpf, referring to the next step in the process.
Passages, Inc. President Tom O'Neill was pleased with the approval of the commissioners.
COLUMBIA CITY — A Churubusco man accused of four meth-related crimes appeared in Whitley County Circuit Court for the first time Monday.
Christopher Bell, 26, was arrested April 12 for unlawful sale of precursors, possession of chemicals with intent to manufacture meth, maintaining a common nuisance and possession of paraphernalia.
Bell's next court date is May 20, and Whitley County Public Defender Brad Voelz will be his attorney.
According to case reports, Bell was booked on an unrelated charge earlier this year. As soon as he was released, he began purchasing pseudoephedrine.


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A method for equalizing a speech signal generated within a pressurized air delivery system, the method including the steps of: generating an inhalation noise model (1152) based on inhalation noise; receiving an input signal (802) that includes a speech signal; and equalizing the speech signal (1156) based on the noise model.
1. A method for equalizing a speech signal generated within a pressurized air delivery system, the method comprising the steps of:
generating an inhalation noise model based on inhalation noise;
receiving an input signal that includes a speech signal; and
equalizing the speech signal based on the noise model, wherein the pressurized air delivery system includes a mask into which the speech signal enters and that has a transfer function that affects the speech signal and wherein the noise model characterizes the transfer function such that equalizing the speech signal removes at least a portion of the effects of the transfer function.
2. The method of
3. The method of
4. The method of
5. The method of
sampling the inhalation noise to generate at least one digitized sample of the inhalation noise;
determining the set of autocorrelation coefficients from the at least one digitized sample;
generating the set of LPC coefficients based on the set of autocorrelation coefficients; and
generating the LPC filter from the set of LPC coefficients.
6. The method of
7. The method of
8. The method of
9. The method of
10. The method of
11. The method of
comparing the input signal to the noise model to obtain a similarity measure; and
comparing the similarity measure to at least one threshold to detect the inhalation noise in the input signal, wherein the noise model is updated based on the detected inhalation noise.
12. The method of
sampling the detected inhalation noise to generate at least one digitized sample of the detected inhalation noise;
determining a second set of autocorrelation coefficients from the at least one digitized sample;
updating the first set of autocorrelation coefficients as a function of the first and second sets of autocorrelation coefficients;
updating the set of LPC coefficients based on the updated set of autocorrelation coefficients; and
updating the LPC filter based on the updated set of LPC coefficients.
13. A device for equalizing a speech signal in a pressurized air delivery system, comprising:
a processing element; and
a memory element coupled to the processing element for storing a computer program for instructing the processing device to perform the steps of:
generating an inhalation noise model based on inhalation noise;
receiving an input signal that includes a speech signal; and
equalizing the speech signal based on the noise model, wherein the pressurized air delivery system includes a mask into which the speech signal enters and that has a transfer function that affects the speech signal and wherein the noise model characterizes the transfer function such that equalizing the speech signal removes at least a portion of the effects of the transfer function.
14. The device of
15. A system for equalizing a speech signal comprising:
a pressurized air delivery system that includes a mask into which a speech signal enters, the mask having a transfer function; and
a communication system coupled to the pressurized air delivery system, the system comprising:
a processing element; and
a memory element coupled to the processing element for storing a computer program for instructing the processing device to perform the steps of:
generating an inhalation noise model based on inhalation noise;
receiving an input signal that includes the speech signal; and
equalizing the speech signal based on the noise model, wherein the mask transfer function affects the speech signal and wherein the noise model characterizes the transfer function such that equalizing the speech signal removes at least a portion of the effects of the transfer function.
The present invention is related to the following U.S. applications commonly owned together with this application by Motorola, Inc.:
Ser. No. 10/882,452, filed Jun. 30, 2004, titled "Method an Apparatus for Detecting and Attenuating Inhalation Noise in a Communication System" by Harton, et al.; and
Ser. No. 10/882,715, filed Jun. 30, 2004, titled "Method and Apparatus for Characterizing Inhalation Noise and Calculating Parameters Based on the Characterization" by Kushner, et al.
The present invention relates generally to a pressurized air delivery system coupled to a communication system.
Good, reliable communications among personnel engaged in hazardous environmental activities, such as fire fighting, are essential for accomplishing their missions while maintaining their own health and safety. Working conditions may require the use of a pressurized air delivery system such as, for instance, a Self Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) mask and air delivery system, a Self Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus (SCUBA) mask and air delivery system, or an aircraft oxygen mask system. However, even while personnel are using such pressurized air delivery systems, it is desirable that good, reliable communications be maintained and personnel health and safety be effectively monitored.
Communication system 130 typically includes a conventional microphone 132 that is designed to record the speech of the mask wearer and that may be mounted inside the mask, outside and attached to the mask, or held in the hand over a voicemitter port on the mask 112. Communication system 130 further includes a communication unit 134 such as a two-way radio that the mask wearer can use to communicate her speech, for example, to other communication units. The mask microphone device 132 may be connected directly to the radio 134 or through an intermediary electronic processing device 138. This connection may be through a conventional wire cable (e.g., 136), or could be done wirelessly using a conventional RF, infrared, or ultrasonic short-range transmitter/receiver system. The intermediary electronic processing device 138 may be implemented, for instance, as a digital signal processor and may contain interface electronics, audio amplifiers, and battery power for the device and for the mask microphone.
There are some shortcomings associated with the use of systems such as system 100. These limitations will be described, for ease of illustration, by reference to the block diagram of
Returning to the shortcomings of systems such as system 100, an example of such a shortcoming relates to the generation by these systems of loud acoustic noises as part of their operation. More specifically, these noises can significantly degrade the quality of communications, especially when used with electronic systems such as radios. One such noise that is a prominent audio artifact introduced by a pressurized air delivery system, like a SCBA system, is regulator inhalation noise, which is illustrated in
The regulator inhalation noise occurs as a broadband noise burst occurring every time the mask wearer inhales. Negative pressure in the mask causes the air regulator valve to open, allowing high-pressure air to enter the mask and producing a loud hissing sound. This noise is picked up by the mask communications system microphone along with ensuing speech, and has about the same energy as the speech. The inhalation noise generally does not mask the speech since it typically occurs only upon inhalation. However, it can cause problems—examples of which are described as follows. For example, the inhalation noise can trigger VOX (voice-operated switch) circuits, thereby opening and occupying radio channels and potentially interfering with other speakers on the same radio channel. Moreover, in communication systems that use digital radios, the inhalation noise can trigger VAD (Voice Activity Detector) algorithms causing noise estimate confusion in noise suppression algorithms farther down the radio signal processing chain. In addition, the inhalation noise is, in general, annoying to a listener.
A second shortcoming of systems such as system 100 is described below. These systems use masks that typically encompass the nose and mouth, or the entire face. The air system mask forms an enclosed air cavity of fixed geometry that exhibits a particular set of acoustic resonances and anti-resonances (nulls) that are a function of mask volume and internal reflective surface geometries, and that alters the spectral properties of speech produced within the mask. More specifically, in characterizing the air mask audio path (
A number of proven techniques exist to adaptively determine a system transfer function and equalize a transmission channel. One effective method to determine a system transfer function is to use a broadband reference signal to excite the system and determine the system parameters. A problem in estimating the transfer function of many speech transmission environments is that a suitable broadband excitation signal is not readily available. One common approach is to use the long-term average speech spectrum as a reference. However, adaptation time using this reference can take a long time, particularly if the speech input is sparse. In addition, the long-term speech spectrum can vary considerably for and among individuals in public service activities that frequently involve shouting and emotional stress that can alter the speech spectrum considerably.
Another shortcoming associated with systems such as system 100 is the lack of more efficient methods and apparatus for measuring certain parameters of the mask wearer including, for example, biometric parameters. Measurement of such parameters of individuals working in hazardous environments, who may be using systems such as system 100, is important for monitoring the safety and performance of those individuals. For example, measurements of the individual's respiration rate and air consumption are important parameters that characterize his work-load, physiological fitness, stress level, and consumption of the stored air supply (i.e. available working time). Conventional methods of measuring respiration involve the use of chest impedance plethysmography or airflow temperature measurements using a thermistor sensor. However, getting reliable measurements, using these conventional methods, from individuals working in physically demanding environments such as firefighting is more difficult due to intense physical movement that can cause displacement of body-mounted sensors and artifacts typically used to take the measurements.
Thus, there exists a need for methods and apparatus for effectively detecting and attenuating inhalation noise, equalizing speech (i.e., removing distortion effects), and measuring parameters associated with users in a system that includes a pressurized air delivery system coupled to a communication system.
A preferred embodiment of the invention is now described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying figures in which:
While this invention is representative of embodiments in many different forms, there are shown in the figures and will herein be described in detail specific embodiments, with the understanding that the present disclosure is to be considered as an example of the principles of the invention and not intended to limit the invention to the specific embodiments shown and described. Further, the terms and words used herein are not to be considered limiting, but rather merely descriptive. It will also be appreciated that for simplicity and clarity of illustration, elements shown in the figures have not necessarily been drawn to scale. For example, the dimensions of some of the elements are exaggerated relative to each other. Further, where considered appropriate, reference numerals have been repeated among the figures to indicate corresponding elements.
Before describing in detail the various aspects of the present invention, it would be useful in the understanding of the invention to provide a more detailed description of the air regulator inhalation noise that was briefly described above. Inhalation noise is a result of high-pressure air entering a SCBA or other pressurized air delivery system mask when a person inhales and the regulator valve opens. Turbulence at the valve creates a very loud, broadband hissing noise, directly coupled into the SCBA mask, which is comparable in amplitude at the microphone with the speech signal. An example of a typical inhalation noise 400 recorded inside of a SCBA mask and its wide-band spectrogram 500 are shown, respectively, in
As can be seen in
In a first aspect of the present invention is a method and apparatus for detecting and eliminating inhalation noise in a pressurized air delivery system coupled to a communication system, such as a system 100 illustrated in
The basic methodology of the ARINA method 800 can be summarized as follows. Method 800 models the inhalation noise preferably using a digital filter (e.g. an all pole linear predictive coding (LPC) digital filter). Method 800 then filters the audio input signal (i.e., speech and noise picked up by the mask microphone) using an inverse of the noise model filter and compares the energy of the output of the inverse noise model filter with that of the input signal or other energy reference. During the signal periods in which a close spectral match occurs between the input signal and the model, the regulator inhalation noise comprising the input signal may be attenuated to any desired level.
Turning to the specifics of the ARINA method 800 as illustrated in
The reference noise model filter coefficients are obtained from a set of autocorrelation coefficients derived from at least one digitized sample of the inhalation noise. An initial noise sample and corresponding initial autocorrelation coefficients (872) may be obtained off-line from any number of noise pre-recordings and is not critical to the implementation of the present invention. Moreover, experiments have shown that the initial noise sample from one SCBA mask, for example, also works well for other masks of the same design and in some cases for masks of different designs. The autocorrelation coefficients can be calculated directly from raw sampled noise data, or derived from other commonly used spectral parameter representations such as LPC or reflection coefficients, using common methods well known to those skilled in the art.
In the preferred embodiment, the noise model autocorrelation coefficients are calculated according to the following standard formula:
The noise model autocorrelation coefficients are next used to determine a set of 10th order noise model LPC coefficients, a1, a2 . . . , ap, representing an all-pole linear predictive model filter with a z-domain representation transfer function of:
Turning now to the specifics of the NME spectral matching method illustrated in
The signal processing for the ARINA method 800 is generally done on a segmented frame basis. In the preferred embodiment, the input signal 802 is low-pass filtered, sampled at 8.0 KHz, buffered into blocks of 80 samples (10 msec), and passed through the inverse noise model filter (EQ-5). Thus, all filtering is ideally done on consecutive, 80 sample segments of the input signal 802. The normalized model error (NME) of the inverse noise model filter is then calculated by dividing the filter output frame energy by the input signal frame energy (EQ-6). This calculation, however, is ideally done on a sub-frame basis for better time resolution. Thus, each 80-point frame is divided into sub-frames, for example 4, 20-point sub-frames, although alternative sub-frame divisions may be used depending on the degree of accuracy required. The overall normalized model error signal (NME) may then be smoothed by averaging the output filter energy Eout of the last 16 sub-frames and dividing that quantity by the average of the corresponding time-aligned 16 sub-frame input filter energies Ein. This does not add any delay to the analysis but helps remove transient dropouts and the effects of other loud background noises that may alter the regulator noise spectrum. The average NME value is thereby used, in this implementation of the present invention, as a measure of the noise model to input signal spectral similarity.
In the preferred embodiment, the second, more complex but more accurate noise model matching method 810 as illustrated in
The residual energy corresponding to the optimally filtered signal is calculated using steps 1018-1024. In the I-S method at step 1018, ideally two consecutive 80 sample buffers of the input signal 802 are combined into a single 160 sample segment. The 160 sample segment is windowed preferably using a 160 point Hamming window given by:
In the Noise Detection portion 830 of the ARINA method 800, the value derived from the spectral match 810 (i.e. the NME or the I-S distortion measure which represents the similarity measure between the input signal and the noise model) is then compared (step 832) to an empirically derived threshold value (e.g., Dmin1). This detection threshold is selected to detect the presence of inhalation noise while not misclassifying speech or other types of noise as inhalation noise.
Moreover, depending on the specificity of the noise filter model, the spectral variations of the inhalation noise, and the similarity of some speech sounds to the noise model, for instance, false detections can occur. Therefore, since the duration of a true air regulator inhalation noise is fairly long compared to the speech artifacts, a noise duration threshold test is ideally also applied (step 834). Thus, the detection threshold must be met for a predetermined number of consecutive frames "K1" (e.g. 4 frames) before detection is validated. Relative signal energy, waveform zero-crossings, and other feature parameter information may be included in the detection scheme to improve speech/inhalation noise discrimination. Thus if both threshold criteria are met (from steps 832 and 834), the spectral match is deemed acceptably close and an inhalation noise is assumed currently present.
In the Noise Attenuation portion 850 of the ARINA method 800, the output of the Noise Detection portion 830 is used to gate an output signal multiplier (852) through which the input signal 802 is passed. If the inhalation noise was detected, the multiplier gain G is set at step 854 to some desired attenuation value "Gmin". This attenuation gain value may be 0.0 to completely eliminate the noise or may be set to a higher value to not completely eliminate the inhalation noise but to suppress it. Total suppression may not be desired to assure a listener that the air regulator is functioning. In the preferred embodiment Gmin has a value of 0.05. Otherwise if inhalation noise is not detected, the gain G is ideally set to 1.0 such as not to attenuate the speech signal. Variations of this gating/multiplying scheme can be employed. For example variations may be employed that would enable that the attack and decay of the gating to be less abrupt, reducing the possibility of attenuating speech that may occur directly before or after an inhalation noise, thereby improving the perceived quality of the speech. Moreover as can be readily seen from method 800, an important benefit of this invention is that the original signal is not altered except when regulator noise is detected, unlike conventional, continuous noise filtering methods.
An important component of the ARINA method 800 is the ability to periodically update the noise model for detection purposes. For example, over time, movement of the air mask on the face may cause changes in its effects on the acoustic transfer function. Also, an air mask worn by different people or the use of different masks will mean that the spectrum of initial reference noise model may deviate from the actual inhalation noise spectrum. By periodically updating the original reference noise model, an accurate current reference noise model can be maintained. Accordingly, the Noise Model Updating Section 870 of the ARINA method 800 is used to update the noise model.
The Noise Model Updating section 870 uses the output of the Noise Detection section 830 to determine when the reference LPC filter model of the regulator inhalation noise should be updated. For example, the output from the Noise Detection section 830 may be compared to a second empirically determined threshold value (e.g., Dmin2) at step 876 to determine whether to update the noise model. When the threshold is met, a number of consecutive sub-frames detected as inhalation noise may be counted (step 878), and the signal samples in each sub-frame stored in a buffer. When the number of consecutive noise sub-frames exceeds a threshold number "K2" (e.g., 8 sub-frames, 160 samples in the preferred embodiment) a decision is made to update the noise model at step 880. If a non-noise sub-frame is detected (e.g., at any of steps 832, 834 and 876), the noise frame count is reset to zero at step 884, and the noise frame count is updated at step 878. The autocorrelation coefficients for the "K2" consecutive signal sub-frames representing the currently detected inhalation noise may then be calculated at step 882 using the previously stated formulas EQ-1 and EQ-2.
These new autocorrelation coefficients are used to update the noise model autocorrelation coefficients at step 874. Ideally the autocorrelation coefficients calculated at step 882 are averaged with the previous noise model autocorrelation coefficients at step 874 using a simple weighting formula such as, for instance:
Advantages of the ARINA method 800 include that the speech signal itself is not irreversibly affected by the processing algorithm, as is the case in algorithms employing conventional continuous filtering. An additional advantage is that the LPC modeling used here is simple, easily adaptable in real-time, is straightforward, and computationally efficient. Those of ordinary skill in the art will realize that the above advantages were not meant to encompass all of the advantages associated with the ARINA embodiment of the present invention but only meant to serve as being representative thereof.
In a second aspect of the present invention is a method and apparatus for equalizing a speech signal in a pressurized air delivery system coupled to a communication system, such as a system 100 illustrated in
The AMSE method uses the broadband air regulator inhalation noise, present in all mask-type pressurized air breathing systems (e.g. an SCBA), to estimate the acoustic resonance spectral peaks and nulls (i.e. spectral magnitude acoustic transfer function) produced by the mask cavity and structures. This spectral knowledge is then used to construct a compensating digital inverse filter in real time, which is applied to equalize the spectrally distorted speech signal and produce an output signal approximating the undistorted speech that would be produced without the mask. This action improves the quality of the audio obtained from the mask microphone and can result in improved communications intelligibility.
Turning to the specifics of the AMSE method, a block diagram of the method 1100 is shown in
Using the Speech Equalization Section 1150 of the AMSE method 1100, the inhalation noise reference autocorrelation coefficients are used to generate an nth order LPC model of the noise at step 1152 using EQ-3 above. The LPC model generated in step 1152 characterizes the transfer function of the mask, e.g., MSK(f) in
The LPC model coefficients are then preferably used in an inverse filter (in accordance with EQ-4) through which the speech signal is passed at step 1156. Passing the speech signal through the inverse filter effectively equalizes the input signal, thereby removing the spectral distortions (peaks and notches) caused by the mask transfer function MSK(f) in
The effect of the equalizer of the AMSE method 800 on air regulator noise is shown in
Advantages of the AMSE algorithm approach include: 1) it uses a regular, spectrally stable, broadband regulator noise inherent in an air-mask system as an excitation source for determining mask acoustic resonance properties; 2) system transfer function modeling is accomplished in real-time using simple, well established, efficient techniques; 3) equalization is accomplished in real-time using the same efficient techniques; and 4) the system transfer function model is continuously adaptable to changing conditions in real time. Those of ordinary skill in the art will realize that the above advantages were not meant to encompass all of the advantages associated with the AMSE embodiment of the present invention but only meant to serve as being representative thereof.
In a third aspect of the present invention is a method and apparatus for determining the duration and frequency of inhalation noise and determining respiration rate and air usage volume in a pressurized air delivery system coupled to a communication system, such as a system 100 illustrated in
One indicator of the opening of the regulator intake valve is the regulator inhalation noise. Inhalation noise is a result of higher-pressure air entering an SCBA or other pressurized air delivery system mask. The mask is airtight so when a person inhales it produces a slight negative pressure within the mask that causes the regulator valve to open and pressurized tank air to enter. Air turbulence across the valve creates a loud, broadband hissing noise that is directly coupled into the SCBA mask, can be picked up by a microphone, and occurs for every inhalation. As explained previously, the noise is abrupt and has a very constant amplitude over the duration of the inhalation, providing very good start and end time resolution. For a given mask type and wearer, the spectral characteristics of the inhalation noise are very stable, as opposed to direct human breath sounds which vary considerably based on factors such as the size of the mouth opening, vocal tract condition, and lung airflow. INRRA capitalizes on the stability of the air regulator inhalation noise as a measure of respiratory rate.
INRRA uses a matched filtering scheme to identify the presence of an inhalation noise by its entire spectral characteristic. In addition, INRRA is capable of adapting to changes in the spectral characteristics of the noise should they occur, thus providing optimal differentiation between the inhalation noise and other sounds. By calculating the start of each inhalation, the instantaneous respiration rate and it's time average can be easily calculated from the inhalation noise occurances. In addition, by measuring the end and calculating the duration of each inhalation noise, and providing some information about the predictable mask regulator flow rate, the system can provide an estimate of the airflow volume. This may be accomplished using only the signal from the microphone recording the inhalation noise.
A block diagram of the INRRA method 1300 is shown in
First, the Inhalation Breath Definer 1350 will be described. The purpose of section 1350 of the INRRA method 1300 is to characterize the inhalation noise based on at least one factor, for example, in this case based on a set of endpoints and a duration for one or more complete inhalation noise bursts which correspond with inhalation breaths. The decision from the Inhalation Noise Detection section 1330 is used to generate a preferably binary signal, INMm, m=0, 1, 2, . . . , M−1, in step 1352 that represents the presence or absence of inhalation noise as a function of time index m using values of ones and zeros. This binary signal is stored in a rotating buffer of length M samples, M being large enough to store enough samples of the binary signal to encompass the time period of at least two inhalation noise bursts, or breaths at the slowest expected breathing rate. In the preferred embodiment, this amounts to about 15 seconds. The time resolution of this binary signal and the value of M will be determined by the smallest sub-frame time used in the Inhalation Noise Detection section 1330, described previously, which depends on the Inhalation Noise Model Matching section, and is either 20 samples (2.5 msec) or 80 samples (10 msec), depending on which spectral matching method is used in step 1310.
Since the inhalation noise detector output from 1330 will not always be perfect, detection mistakes may occur during the detection of an inhalation noise causing some ambiguity as to the true start, and duration times of the noise. Thus, the binary inhalation noise signal generated by step 1352 is integrated using a well known moving-average type or other suitable filter at step 1354. This filter smoothes out any short duration detection mistakes and produces a more accurate signal that defines complete inhalation noise bursts, which correspond with respiratory breaths. From this signal generated at step 1354, at least one factor including accurate start time, Si, end time, Ei, and breath duration time, Di, for each noise burst may be determined within processing frame duration accuracy at step 1356. The start and end times of the inhalation noise bursts as represented by the binary signal INMm, are obtained by noting their relative indices within the signal buffer. The duration Di is defined for a single inhalation noise burst as:
The Parameter Estimator 1370 section describes examples of parameters that may be estimated based on the characterization factors of the inhalation noise by the Inhalation Breath Definer section 1350. Two such examples of parameters that may be determined are the respiration rate of the user and the approximate inhalation air flow volume. Respiration rate may be easily determined using the sequential start time information, Si, of successive inhalation noise bursts that may be determined in the Inhalation Breath Definer Section. For example, the "instantaneous" respiration rate per minute may be calculated as:
The approximate airflow volume during an inhalation breath may be estimated from the duration of the breath that may be determined by the Inhalation Breath Definer section, and from some additional information concerning the initial air tank fill pressure and the regulator average flow rate that may be determined off-line, for instance. When the intake valve is open, the air regulator admits a volume of air at nearly constant pressure to the facemask (a function of the ambient air/water pressure) as long as the air supply tank pressure remains above the minimal input pressure level for the air regulator. Moreover, the airflow rate into the mask is approximately constant while the mask regulator intake valve is open. The amount of air removed from the tank supply and delivered to the breather is thus proportional to the time that the intake valve is open. The time that the valve is open can be measured by the duration of each inhalation noise.
The initial quantity of air in the supply tank when filled is a function of the tank volume V0, the fill pressure P0, the gas temperature T0, and the universal gas constant R, the mass of the gas in moles Nm, and can be calculated from the well-known ideal gas equation, PV=NmRT. Since the initial fill pressure and tank cylinder volume may be known, and assuming the temperature of the tank gas and mask gas are the same, the volume of air available for breathing at the mask pressure may be given as:
Some advantages of the INRRA method include that any microphone signal that picks up the breath noise over a minimal speech bandwidth can be used, and no special sensors are needed. Another advantage is that the respiration detector is based on detecting the noise produced by the air regulator which has stable spectral characteristics, and not human breath noises which are variable in character. Yet another advantage is that the respiration detector is not locked to examining specific frequencies as are other types of acoustic breath analyzers. Moreover, the system adapts automatically to changes in environment and to different users and pressurized air respirator mask systems. Thus, the INRRA method can provide continuously, instantaneous or average respiration rate and approximate air use volume data, which is valuable information that can be automatically sent outside of system 100, for example, via a radio data channel to a monitor. Those of ordinary skill in the art will realize that the above advantages were not meant to encompass all of the advantages associated with the INRRA embodiment of the present invention but only meant to serve as being representative thereof.
All three methods in accordance with the present invention (ARINA, AMSE and INRRA) are preferably implemented as software algorithms stored on a memory device (that would be included in a system in accordance with system 100 described above) and the steps of which implemented in a suitable processing device such as, for instance DSP 138 of system 100. The algorithms corresponding to the autocorrelation and LPC filtering methods of the present invention would likely take up the majority of the processor time. However, these algorithms or the entirety of the algorithms corresponding to the ARINA, AMSE and INRRA methods may, alternatively, be efficiently implemented in a small hardware footprint. Moreover, since the AMSE method uses many of the methodologies as the ARINA method, in another embodiment of the present invention, they may be efficiently combined.
While the invention has been described in conjunction with specific embodiments thereof, additional advantages and modifications will readily occur to those skilled in the art. The invention, in its broader aspects, is therefore not limited to the specific details, representative apparatus, and illustrative examples shown and described. Various alterations, modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the foregoing description. For example, although a method for identifying and attenuating inhalation noise was described above, the methodologies presented with respect to the present invention may be applied to other types of noise, such as exhalation noise or other types of noises with pseudo-stationary spectral characteristics lending themselves to efficient detection using the above methods. Thus, it should be understood that the invention is not limited by the foregoing description, but embraces all such alterations, modifications and variations in accordance with the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
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Joe Brolly
Joe Brolly at the launch of Líofa
|Personal information
|Irish name
|Seosamh Ó Brollaigh
|Gaelic football
|Corner forward
|25 June 1969
|5 ft 10 in (1.78 m)
|Barrister, journalist, television pundit
St Brigid's
|Club titles
|Derry titles
|Ulster titles
|Inter-county titles
|Ulster titles
|All Stars
Joe Brolly (Irish: Seosamh Ó Brolaigh;[1] born 25 June 1969[2]) is an Irish barrister, Gaelic football analyst and former player from Dungiven, County Derry, Ireland. Brolly played for Derry in the 1990s and early 2000s and was part of the their first ever All-Ireland Senior Football Championship winning side in 1993 and also won two Ulster Senior Football Championships and four National League titles. He also won two All Star Awards during his career.
Brolly played club football for St Canice's Dungiven for most of his career, before transferring to St Brigid's GAC in Belfast. With Dungiven he won two Derry Senior Football Championships and one Ulster Senior Club Football Championship.
He usually played as right corner forward and was renowned for his accurate point-taking, goal-scoring ability, pace and ability to take on opponents. He was also known for his goal celebration of blowing kisses to the crowd, and had his nose broken twice during his career immediately after scoring goals.[3]
Since retiring he has fashioned a niche in television punditry, becoming "the most lippy and articulate pundit on Irish television", and at various stages irking entire counties, including most of Ulster, Cork, Kerry, and in 2012 being dubbed "the Salman Rushdie of County Mayo".[4]
Personal and professional life[edit]
Brolly is the son of noted traditional singer and Limavady Sinn Féin councillor Anne Brolly. His father Francie, also a traditional musician, played Gaelic football for Derry in the 1960s, and was later a Sinn Féin councillor and MLA. Joe Brolly is also the first cousin of Derry player Liam Hinphey and Monaghan player Vincent Corey, and second cousin to Tyrone footballers Colm and Plunkett Donaghy.[5] Joe's brother-in-law Ciaran Heron plays hurling for Antrim.
Brolly was a boarder[citation needed] in Saint Patrick's Grammar School, Armagh. He played basketball for Ireland as a schoolboy. After school he went to Trinity College, Dublin, before doing a postgraduate course at Queen's University Belfast. He was a prominent member of the Dublin University Central Athletic Club (DUCAC) in his Trinity days, and became a member of the student executive.[citation needed] He is married and has five children, one called Toirealach and one called Ruairi. [6]
As a barrister[2] he has specialised in criminal matters and has defended Irish republicans in court.[7][8][9] He was involved in a UK Supreme Court case in 2011 that established a right to compensation for a miscarriage of justice without the requirement to prove the innocence of the wrongly convicted person (in this instance the Derry republicans Eamonn McDermott and Raymond McCartney).[10]
He also works as a journalist, writing a column for Gaelic Life[11][12] and the Ireland Mail on Sunday. A radio[13] and television football pundit,[14] he is a regular on the long-running RTÉ programme The Sunday Game.[14][15][16]
Playing career[edit]
Brolly made his Derry Senior debut against Cavan in the 1990 National League.[2] In 1993 he was part of the Derry side that won the Ulster Championship and the county's first All-Ireland Senior Football Championship. His All Stars Award recognition surprisingly came in the relatively barren years of 1996 and 1997.[17] He was top scorer in the 1997 Ulster Championship with 3–15 (24 points).[18] Brolly added a second Ulster Senior Football Championship in 1998, in the final of which he scored the clinching goal in the last minute.[19] Derry won the National Football League four times in a nine-year period from 1992 to 2000 (1992, 1995, 1996, 2000), with Brolly being part of all four. Brolly and Derry finished runners-up to Offaly in the 1998 National League decider.[20]
As a 21-year-old, Brolly was part of Dungiven's Derry Senior Football Championship success in 1991.[citation needed] Brolly won another Derry Championship medal in 1997, and also won the Ulster Club Championship. He was top scorer in that year's Derry Championship with 1–25 (28 points) and was man of the match in the final at Celtic Park.
He played for St Brigid's GAC in Belfast when it won the Antrim Intermediate Football Championship. In 2006 St Brigid's became the first GAA club to play against the Police Service of Northern Ireland Gaelic football team.[21] In 2009 Brolly broke his leg while playing in a challenge match against Cookstown.[22] St Brigid's reached that year's Antrim Senior Football Championship semi-final, but were defeated after a replay by a point by Portglenone.
It was in the Sigerson Cup that Joe Brolly first appeared on the national stage. He won his only inter-varsity medal in 1992, as a member of Queen's victorious Ryan Cup team.[19]
Brolly played hurling for local club Kevin Lynch's when they won Division 2 of the All-Ireland Féile na nGael in 1982.[23]
Coaching career[edit]
Brolly helped out with the Antrim team that finished runners-up in the 2007 Tommy Murphy Cup and winners of the 2008 competition.[24]
- All-Ireland Senior Football Championship – Winner (1): 1993
- National Football League – Winner (4): 1992, 1995, 1996, 2000
- National Football League – Runner up: 1998
- Ulster Senior Football Championship – Winner (2): 1993, 1998
- Ulster Senior Football Championship – Runner up: 1992, 1997, 2000
- Dr. McKenna Cup – Winner (2): 1993, 1999
Sunday Game pundit of the year 2006–2012
- Ulster Senior Club Football Championship – Winner (1): 1997
- Derry Senior Football Championship – Winner (2): 1991, 1997
- Derry Senior Football Championship – Runner up: 1996
- Derry Senior Football League – Winner (1/2?): 1990?, 1991
- Antrim Intermediate Football Championship – Winner (1?): Year?
- Underage awards
- Ryan Cup – Winner (1): 1992
- All Stars Award – Winner (2): 1996, 1997
- All Stars Award – Nominated (runner up): ?
Note: The above lists may be incomplete. Please add any other honours you know of.
- ^ "Teams". 1994 Ulster Championship Quarter-final Programme. 29 May 1994.
- ^ a b c "Derry Pen Pics". 1994 Ulster Championship Quarter-final Programme. 29 May 1994.
- ^ Brolly, Joe (18 April 2008). "R-E-S-P-E-C-T (find out what it means to me)". Gaelic Life.
- ^ Duggan, Keith (14 February 2013). "'It is funny the stir it can cause when you say what you think'". The Irish Times (Irish Times Trust). Retrieved 14 February 2013.
- ^ Brolly, Joe (31 October 2008). "A tribute to Maisie Donaghy". Gaelic Life. p. 48. Retrieved 14 November 2008.[dead link]
- ^ Brolly, Joe (7 November 2008). "Here we go again with Cork". Gaelic Life. p. 48.
- ^ "IRA membership charges dropped". BBC. 29 March 2004. Retrieved 16 March 2008.
- ^ "Court hears of Real IRA bomb plot". The Irish Times. 11 November 2006. Retrieved 17 March 2008.
- ^ "Two Belfast men bailed on gun charges". UTV. Retrieved 17 March 2008.
- ^ Irish Times report of Supreme Court case. Retrieved 13 May 2011.
- ^ Gaelic Life " It's a young man's game!" February 19 2008
- ^ Brolly, Joe (16 December 2012). "This is a vicious piece of work". Gaelic Life. Retrieved 16 December 2012.
- ^ "Drivetime Sport". RTÉ News. Retrieved 8 March 2008.
- ^ a b "RTÉ unveil Championship coverage". Retrieved 8 March 2008.
- ^ "Brolly: 'I am still cringing' about Morrissey insult". Irish Examiner. 28 May 2015. Retrieved 28 May 2015.
- ^ "RTE tell Joe Brolly 'similar comments won't be tolerated' after Marty Morrissey 'ugly' jibe". Irish Independent. 28 May 2015. Retrieved 28 May 2015.
- ^ "Football All Stars 90's". Retrieved 8 March 2008.
- ^ "Facts and Figures". 1998 Ulster Championship Quarter-final Programme (R & S Printers Ltd, Monaghan). 31 May 1998.
- ^ a b "Queen's Hall of Fame". Retrieved 8 March 2008.
- ^ "Lyons' pride pass tough test of character to land League". Irish Examiner. 27 April 1998. Retrieved 6 April 2008.
- ^ "PSNI Could Join GAA League". Irish Aires News. 1 September 2006. Retrieved 3 August 2008.
- ^ Brolly, Joe (4 September 2009). "Bread and butter of the club". Gaelic Life.
- ^ Brolly, Joe (26 October 2007). "Liquid asset the obvious solution". Gaelic Life. p. 48.
- ^ Said by Michael Lyster and Brolly during the RTÉ Sunday Game Live coverage of the All-Ireland Qualifiers Round 3 games. Down versus Wexford and Tyrone versus Mayo. (The Tommy Murphy Cup final had preceded the two games) – 2 August 2008.
External links[edit]
- Interview
- Derry GAA official site
- Latest GAA news
- GAA website
- List of clubs by county and club websites
- 1969 births
- Living people
- Alumni of Queen's University Belfast
- Derry inter-county Gaelic footballers
- Dual players
- Dungiven Gaelic footballers
- Gaelic games commentators
- Irish barristers
- Irish sportswriters
- Kevin Lynch's hurlers
- People educated at St. Patrick's Grammar School, Armagh
- People from Dungiven
- Winners of one All-Ireland medal (Gaelic football)


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Amcor said Wednesday it has agreed to buy Aperio Group for A$238 million, subject to regulatory and other usual conditions, including approval from the competition watchdog.
Aperio is owned by private equity concern Catalyst Investment Managers and is one of the Asia Pacific's leading producers of flexible packaging products with 13 manufacturing facilities in Australasia and a plant in Thailand and has annual revenues of A$350 million, Amcor said in a statement.
Packaging giant Amcor"s interest in buying flexible plastic packaging maker Aperio Group could have run into a serious obstacle: Australia's competition watchdog.
In a statement of issues driven in part by responses from customers and other suppliers, the Australian Competition & Consumer Commission, or ACCC, said for now it considers Amcor's proposed acquisition may substantially lessen competition.
Private equity player Catalyst Investment Managers could complete an exit of its packaging business Aperio Group within the next month, a person familiar with the matter told Deal Journal Australia.
Pact Group has submitted a bid in the lower end of the 250 million Australian dollar (US$256 million) to A$300 million price range targeted by Catalyst's adviser Greenhill Caliburn and is up against listed player Amcor.
Aperio operates 12 flexible packaging manufacturing plants across Australia, New Zealand and Thailand and operates in the market segments of biscuits, beverages, confectionery, pet food personal hygiene and agriculture among others.
Deal Journal Australia is an up-to-the-minute take on the deals and deal makers that shape the Australian landscape, including mergers and acquisitions, capital raisings, private equity and debt markets. In short, wherever money changes hands. Deal Journal Australia is updated throughout each trading day with exclusive commentary, analysis, data, news flashes and profiles. The Wall Street Journal's Gillian Tan is the lead writer, with contributions from other Journal and Dow Jones reporters and editors. Send news items, comments and questions to email@example.com.
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