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You can now invite anyone to meet at your favorite Starbucks.
Limited-time feature
47 year old woman | Annapolis, MD, USA | Seeking men 42-48 within 50 miles
Life is short, so if you want some one that's fun, with an awesome personality and a huge heart then i'm the one for you.
i"m friendly, intuitive, out going, loyal, loving, caring and lots of fun. I believe in living each day like it's your last day, because no one knows what god has in store for us. i am looking for someone who is confident with who they are and where they're going in life. I love to spend time with my kids. I have 2 kids a girl that's 23 and a boy that's 21, neither live with me. Family time means a lot to me. I also like to hang out with my friends. I am a very sociable person. I go to church on Sundays when I can, when I'm not working. I love dancing, going to a good restaurant, or just cuddling up with the guy I have a lot in common with on a sofa in front of a fireplace, If u have one, with a glass of wine. If not that is ok. I don't like drama. I love to hold hands and kiss. I used to have a convertible and I would love long rides with the top down and the wind blowing through my hair. I am very kind and considerate to others especially the less fortunate, I usually try to help them by giving them $ or food. I'm always donating my used clothes to the salvation army. I am a very independent women, how ever I miss male companionship. It may seem from my pictures that I'm into the bar scene, I only go there to hang out with my friends and to dance, because I don't want to sit home alone.If I was in a relationship I would do other things, such as going to see a movie or going to dinner some where. I would talk to the man I'm with and we would decide together what we want to do. I know I haven't revealed much about my self, I thought I would save that for our first date. If you are confident, kind,caring,honest and passionate, let me hear from you. Thank you for taking the time to read my profile.
Camping , Coffee and conversation , Cooking , Dining out , Fishing/Hunting , Movies/Videos , Music and concerts , Exploring new areas , Nightclubs/Dancing , Playing cards , Playing sports , Shopping/Antiques , Travel/Sightseeing , Watching sports , Wine tasting
Billiards / Pool, Bowling, Cycling, Dancing, Football, Other types of exercise, Running, Swimming, VolleyBall, Walking / Hiking
I exercise 3-4 times per week.
I have Cats, Dogs
I have a cat named Oreo and a German Shephard named Rusty, who stays with my son. I love horses to, but don't have any..
I love to hang out with friends to watch the Ravens game, and to Bamboo Bernies to dance, Down town Annapolis, Balt inner harbor
. I love to dance to a really good Rock band, and I enjoy going to concerts. I love all kinds of music except for opera or jazz, Karaoke. I love to sing. I love boating. I've been on a boat all my life. beach, camping, traveling
I love boating,camping,fishing,amusement parks,concerts,dancing ,travelling,hiking, and anything to do with the outdoors. In the winter I love to go tubing. Horse back riding.
David Baldacci / Split Second and probably your profile. Lol
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
|What she is looking for
|5'5" (165cms)
|5'7" (170cms) to 6'5" (195cms)
|Body type:
|No preference
|No preference
|Light brown
|Black, Light brown, Dark brown, Blonde, Dark blonde
|No Way
|No Way
|Social Drinker
|Social Drinker
|Retail / Food services
|No preference
|$25,001 to $35,000
|$25,001 to $35,000
|Never Married, Widow / Widower, Divorced
|Have kids:
|Yes, and they live away from home (2)
|No preference
|Wants kids:
|Not sure
|No, but it's OK if my partner has kids
|White / Caucasian
|White / Caucasian
I am Irish, German and American
|Christian / Catholic
|Christian / Catholic, Spiritual but not religious, Christian / Other
|High school
|No preference


text:
The Edward Snowden drama has skipped from Washington through Hawaii and Hong Kong and into Moscow. Now, the storyline is back to Washington. Thanks to Russia's decision to grant Snowden asylum for a year, Obama canceled a bilateral meeting with President Vladimir Putin that was slated for September 5 ahead of the G20 Summit in …
Tag Archive: budget deficit
Sep 16 2013
The Russian-American beat must go on
Tags: asylum, bilateral arms-reduction agenda, Buck McKeon, budget deficit, Center for Arms Control, Chairman of the House Armed Services, Council for a Livable World, deficit, economic, economic and security, edward snowden, fund, G20 Summit, Georgia, global stockpile, Hawaii, Hong Kong, John Isaacs, Moscow, mutual security, Non-Proliferation, nuclear, nuclear stockpiles, Nuclear weapons, Ploughshares Fund, pocketbooks, president, President Vladimir Putin, Rubik's Cube, Russia, russia relations, russian, Russian city of Sochi, security, snowden, Snowden asylum, South Ossetia, St. Petersburg, Syria, u.s., Vladimir Putin, Washington, Winter Olympic Games
Permanent link to this article: http://www.easttexasreview.com/the-russian-american-beat-must-go-on/
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- Accepting Entries June 29, 2015

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Curcuma inodora (scentless turmeric)
Curcuma indoor in Narsapur, Medak district, Andhra Pradesh, India. (Photo: J. M. Garg, licensed under CC by 3.0)
Species information
Curcuma inodora Blatt.
scentless turmeric, hidden lily
Least Concern (LC) according to IUCN Red List criteria.
Tropical moist deciduous forest.
Ornamental, medicine.
None known.
About this species
Scentless turmeric is a perennial herb found only in India, where it is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of muscular pain, psychosomatic disorders and constipation.
A genus within the ginger family (Zingiberaceae), Curcuma contains nearly 100 species, including turmeric (Curcuma longa), the underground stems of which are the source of the bright yellow spice. The name Curcuma comes from the Arabic kurkum meaning turmeric.
Curcuma purpurea Blatt.
Discover more
Geography and distribution
Curcuma inodora is native to India. It is reported to occur in Maharashtra, extending up to northern Karnataka, and has been more recently reported from Andhra Pradesh and Gujarat. It is common in barren, laterite areas, plains and roadside cuttings, and also occurs in tropical moist deciduous forest.
A perennial herb that can grow up to 120 cm tall. Flowers are large, showy, pink-purple with a dark yellow band at the centre.
The plant is dormant from November to April/May when it appears above-ground again, growing up from its rhizomes (underground stems). This dormancy has given rise to the common name hidden lily.
Threats and conservation
The main threats to Curcuma inodora come from habitat loss and overharvesting (for local medicinal use and the horticultural trade). Its habitats have suffered from conversion to agricultural land and human settlements and are now highly fragmented over large parts of its range. However, occurrence of C. inodora along roadsides suggests that the species is able to persist and regenerate in disturbed and secondary vegetation.
Ornamental gingers have rapidly increased in popularity in the western world in the past few years, promoting an increase in illegal collecting.
Conservation assessments carried out at Kew
Curcuma inodora is being monitored as part of the 'IUCN Sampled Red List Index for Plants' project, which aims to produce conservation assessments for a representative sample of the world's plant species. This information will then be used to monitor trends in extinction risk and help focus conservation efforts where they are needed most.
Curcuma inodora is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of muscular pain. Tubers are mixed with water to form a paste, which is applied locally. It is also used in the treatment of psychosomatic disorders and constipation.
An attractive plant with large, showy flowers, scentless turmeric is also cultivated as an ornamental.
This species at Kew
Pressed and dried specimens of Curcuma inodora are held in Kew's Herbarium, where they are available to researchers from around the world, by appointment. The details of herbarium specimens of some other Curcuma species can be seen online in Kew's Herbarium Catalogue.
References and credits
Jagtap, S. D. et al. (2009). Traditional ethnomedicinal knowledge confined to the Pawra tribe of Satpura hills, Maharashtra, India. Ethnobotanical Leaflets 13: 98–115.
Leong-Škorničková, J., Šída, O. & Marhold, K. (2010). Back to types! Towards stability of names in Indian Curcuma L. (Zingiberaceae). Taxon 59: 269–282.
Mangaly, J. K. & Sabu, M. (1993). A taxonomic revision of the south Indian species of Curcuma. Rheeda 3: 139–171.
Patil, H. M. & Bhaskar, V. V. (2005). Medicinal uses of plants by tribal medicine men of Nandurbar district Maharashtra. Natural Product Radiance 5: 125–130.
Raju, V. S., Reddy, C. S. & Ragan, A. (2006). Curcuma L. (Zingiberaceae) in Andhra Pradesh: a preliminary study. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 30: 773–775.
Reddy, S. et al. (2006). Ethnobotanical observations of some endemic plants of Eastern Ghats, India. Ethnobotanical Leaflets 10: 82–91.
Rommand-Monnier, F. (2009). Curcuma inodora. Assessment using IUCN Categories and Criteria 3.1 (IUCN 2001). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2010). Curcuma inodora. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. (Accessed 12 March 2012). Available online.
Kew Science Editor: Malin Rivers and Patricia Malcolm
Copyediting: Emma Tredwell
Although every effort has been taken to ensure that the information contained in these pages is reliable and complete, notes on hazards, edibility and suchlike included here are recorded information and do not constitute recommendations. No responsibility will be taken for readers' own actions.


text:
You have some very good advice already, though I haven't read all of the posts. I do have one suggestion re: the sinks. I can't tell from the drawing what size each of the four sinks are. However, it would be my opinion to put in one or two very LARGE sinks in addition to the wash sink. i.e. an 8' fiberglass or stainless sink. You could build one yourself (fiberglass) or have it mage locally by a metalworker (sheet metal/stainless).
In addition, a wash sink is good but you want a washer too.


text:
Quick Links:
Extension to The Orchards Car Park
The Council has recently bought some land which is going to be added to The Orchards Car Park. Under Law, the Council must advertise the change with a Notice, which can be viewed on this page.
- Where can I park in Mid Sussex?
- Pay a parking ticket (penalty charge notice)
- Challenge/appeal a parking fine
- Parking for disabled drivers
Annual Report
Under the guidance of the Traffic Management Act 2004, the Council will publish an Annual Report indicating its performance over the past year, which can be reviewed by clicking on the link.


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Hold down Control (PC) or Command (Mac) key + mouseclick to select more than one option
|Avg. Dinner Entrée
|Greater than $25
|$18.01 - $25
|$12.01 - $18
|$7.01 - $12
|Less than $7
Posted by Anonymous on 04/08/2007
This place is great! The beef fried rice is amazing, and the garlic chicken and tangerine beef are both really good. The delivery was fast, it got here in half an hour and I live ten blocks away. GO HERE!
Posted by Anonymous on 02/21/2007
i just can't get the lion's head casserole out of my mind. it was the most delicately seasoned yet flavor filled dish i've had at any restaurant in a long time.
Posted by Anonymous on 02/12/2007
mmm!! best general tso's I've ever had! great lunch deals and nice delivery guy. And they will give you brown rice for no additional cost! LOVE IT!
Posted by CY on 02/05/2007
My friends and I went to this place after reading the reviews here. It turned out to be one of the best places we've been to in the area. More expensive than regular Chinese food. But the food was absoulutely phenomenal! Has one of my favorite Shanghai dishes too! Things that didn't look good or special turned out to be amazing. Two definite thumbs up! Must try!
Posted by Anonymous on 12/03/2006
Juicy pork dumplings with ginger sauce is the best.
Posted by Thrillz18 on 08/21/2006
Not only is the food fantastic, it will get to you in minutes after ordering. It actually scares you a little on how fast they can deliver. All food is cooked perfectly, the portions are not over the top like most restaurants, but they are not small by any means. Eating at the restaurant is just as good too. Great atmosphere, great service and great food.
Posted by Anonymous on 07/08/2006
Had a wedding rehearsal dinner, invited family (Chinese and Japanese relatives): had an amazing meal. Relatives from mainland China gave this place a 108 out of 100. An eight course meal, everything was both authentic with a twist. Service from Tom, the manager, was top notch. Chef was amazing. I've had high end Chinese in Vancouver Canada, and Shanghai Pavilion still ranks the best. Give Tom some leeway about the menu, and you will not be disappointed. This place is in a completely different league (higher) than other places.


text:
"Greater love hath no more than this; that a man lays down his life for his friends." John 15:13
See the Foundation Update
The purpose of Nick's Foundation is to:
1. Establish an annual Scholarship for a Delta Kappa Epsilon at Wake Forest. This scholarship will be awarded each year into perpetuity to a DKE who exemplifies Nick's character. The First Scholarship was awarded in 2012.
2. Spearhead a "Cause to Save Lives" in Rhode Island where Nick lost his life, working to have proper signage erected, warning of the dangers of entering the water where it is illegal to do so but no signage existed in August 2011. The first important step in this effort came to fruition on May 5, 2014 when signs were put up. The Foundation will work to monitor enforcement and move to the other areas where proper signage can help Save Lives.
3. Keep Nick's legacy alive by contributing to worthy causes, in his name, and selecting those causes that involve the activities Nick loved. "Soccer in the Streets", "The Harlem Dream Charter School Summer Softball League" and "The Christopher League at NYO" are among those that are supported by Nick's Foundation.
Night Out for Nops. New York City, February 22,2014. Annual Foundation fundraiser at the Yale Club.
Connor Stutts, 2014 recipient of the Westminster School Nick Napolitano "No Greater Love" Memorial Award.
NYO Nick Napolitano "Best Buddy" award recipients, Sam Moss and Chad Davis. ( see photo gallery for additional information )
Video link for WPRI-TV, Providence Rhode Island, May 6, 2014. Nick's family and the Foundations's attorney talks about the recently installed signage at Brenton State Park.
Signage erected in May, 2014 with the goal to "Save Lives".
Braves Night for the Christopher League, which the Foundation helps fund.
Nick is Everywhere. Please continue to send pictures so we can fill in the globe. Nick's passion was travel and he IS with us. Send pictures to email@example.com with your name and location.
Hoovers Blue Sox with Joey and Will. See photo gallery for more information
Soccer in the streets annual award to a volunteer , The Nick Napolitano Leadership Award"
|Kiambi Thompson Receiving the first annual Leadership award.
|Flag flown in honor of Nick by Pete Adams, a former DKE Wake Forest, in Helmand Province, Afghanistan.
|Annual DKE convention. Bryan Lang 2014 recipient of the Nick Napolitano Outstanding President's award
*The Nicholas Val Napolitano Memorial Fund is a non-profit 501 (c) (3) organization, Tax I.D. Number 45-3137912.


text:
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Tags All Around Auto Services
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About Tags All Around Auto
Tags All Around Auto located at 869 County Road 39 in Bainbridge, NY services vehicles for Auto Body Repair. Call (607) 967-3000 to book an appointment or to hear more about the services of Tags All Around Auto.
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Address: 869 County Road 39
Phone Number: (607) 967-3000
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text:
Hi all,
I'm just writing in to share my very recent success with first Donor Embryo round, though very cautious still. This summer I chose 4 donor embies from "IVF leftovers" from a wonderful anonymous couple at my clinic. So lucky, yet extremely confounding to have several to choose from!! I really wanted some from another couple after seeing bios, history and their baby's pics, but there were only 2 embies available so I felt it too risky, needing at least 1 successful thaw and maybe at least another spare if first transfer didn't take. Well the first 3-day embie was successfully thawed and was perfect & I did a single FET, then the usual stressful 2ww (always crazy during holidays, when making plans and seeing everyone).
I got BFP yesterday! After 7 previous attempts including IUIs then IVF with my own eggs + donor sperm, I'm still kind of in shock and I re-test tomorrow so fingers, etc = CROSSED!!!! I was on 4 meds this cycle, including immunosuppressant: methylprednisolone prior to Assisted hatching, so had a nasty head cold develop just hours post-transfer. I'm always super healthy too- ugh. Not the side effect I was stressing about, and at least it's super minor..
I'm not telling a soul until I feel it's a bit safer, so thanks for the chance to sound off online.
Suz (43 yo, SMBC and TTC since 2009)


text:
A plurality of acoustic resonators are manufactured in a batch process by forming cavities in a substrate and filling the cavities with a sacrificial layer. An FBAR membrane comprising a bottom electrode, a piezoelectric layer, and a top electrode is formed over each cavity and the sacrificial layer. The substrate is then thinned and the substrate is separated into a plurality of dice using a scribe and break process. The sacrificial layer is then removed and the FBAR filter is mounted in a package with thermal vias being thermal communication with underside of the FBAR filter. The production method improves thermal properties by increasing the efficiency of heat dissipation from the FBAR filter. In addition, electromagnetic interference is decreased by reducing the distance between a primary current flowing over the surface of the FBAR filter and an image current flowing in a ground plane beneath the FBAR filter.
1. A method for batch processing acoustic resonators, comprising:
depositing a first electrode on a top surface of a substrate;
depositing a layer of piezoelectric material on said first electrode;
depositing a second electrode on said layer of piezoelectric material; and
removing material from a bottom surface of said substrate to reduce the thickness of the substrate and to reduce an electromagnetic influence in a resulting filter.
2. The method of
prior to depositing said first electrode, forming a plurality of depressions in the top surface of said substrate;
depositing a sacrificial material in each of said depressions, wherein said first electrode is deposited on top of said sacrificial material; and
removing said sacrificial material.
3. The method of
4. The method of
scribing said top surface of said substrate; and
dividing said substrate along said scribe lines to form a plurality of dice.
5. The method of
6. The method of
depositing a thermally-conductive epoxy in said die cavity in said package; and
mounting said die onto an upper surface of said thermally-conductive epoxy, wherein a lower surface of said thermally-conductive epoxy is in contact with said thermal via.
7. The method of
8. The method of
prior to dividing said substrate along said scribe lines to form said plurality of dice, depositing a protective layer over said top surface of said substrate.
9. The method of
10. The method of
placing the bottom surface of said substrate against a polishing surface; and
polishing the bottom surface to remove material therefrom.
11. A method for batch processing acoustic resonators, comprising:
forming a plurality of depressions in a top surface of a substrate;
depositing a sacrificial material in each of said depressions;
depositing a first electrode on an upper surface of said sacrificial material in each of said depressions;
depositing a layer of piezoelectric material on said first electrode;
depositing a second electrode on said layer of piezoelectric material; and polishing a bottom surface of said substrate to reduce the thickness of said substrate.
12. The method of
13. The method of
14. The method of
scribing the top surface of said substrate;
dividing said substrate along said scribe lines to form a plurality of dice; and
for each die in said plurality of dice, mounting said die in a die cavity of a package to produce an individual, packaged filter, said die being mounted in said die cavity such that a bottom surface of said die is in thermal communication with a thermal via in said package.
15. The method of
16. An acoustic filter, comprising:
a die substrate having a thickness of less than 19 mils;
a plurality of acoustic resonators formed on a top surface of the substrate, each acoustic resonator including first and second electrodes and a piezoelectric material disposed in between the first and second electrodes;
a plurality of interconnects providing electrical connections to said plurality of acoustic resonators; and
a package having a die cavity formed therein, said die substrate being mounted in said die cavity such that a primary current flowing along an upper surface of said die substrate creates a primary current magnetic field, and an image current flowing along a ground plane beneath said die substrate creates an image current magnetic field, said primary current magnetic field and said image current magnetic field having opposite polarities.
17. The acoustic filter of
18. The acoustic filter of
19. The acoustic filter of
20. The acoustic filter of
This invention relates to the manufacturing of acoustic resonators, and, more particularly, to the manufacturing of resonators that may be used as filters for electronic circuits.
The need to reduce the cost and size of electronic equipment has led to a continuing need for smaller filter elements. Consumer electronics such as cellular telephones and miniature radios place severe limitations on both the size and cost of the components contained therein. Many such devices utilize filters that must be tuned to precise frequencies. Hence, there has been a continuing effort to provide inexpensive, compact filter units.
One class of filter element that has the potential for meeting these needs is constructed from acoustic resonators. These devices use bulk longitudinal acoustic waves in thin film piezoelectric (PZ) material. In one simple configuration, a layer of piezoelectric material is sandwiched between two metal electrodes. The sandwich structure is suspended in air by supporting it around the perimeter. When an electric field is created between the two electrodes via an impressed voltage, the piezoelectric material converts some of the electrical energy into mechanical energy in the form of sound waves. The sound waves propagate in the same direction as the electric field and reflect off of the electrode/air interface.
At the mechanical resonance, the device appears to be an electronic resonator; hence, the device can act as a filter. The mechanical resonant frequency is that for which the half wavelength of the sound waves propagating in the device is equal to the total thickness of the device for a given phase velocity of sound in the material. Since the velocity of sound is many orders of magnitude smaller than the velocity of light, the resulting resonator can be quite compact. Resonators for applications in the GHz range may be constructed with physical dimensions less than 100 μm in diameter and few μm in thickness.
Thin Film Bulk Acoustic Resonators (FBARs) and Stacked Thin Film Bulk Wave Acoustic Resonators and Filters (SBARs) include a thin sputtered piezoelectric film having a thickness on the order of one to two μm. Electrodes on top and bottom sandwich the piezoelectric acting as electrical leads to provide an electric field through the piezoelectric. The piezoelectric, in turn, converts a fraction of the electric field into a mechanical field. A time varying "stress/strain" field will form in response to a time-varying applied electric field.
To act as a resonator, the sandwiched piezoelectric film is suspended in air to provide the air/crystal interface that traps the sound waves within the film. The device is normally fabricated on the surface of a substrate by depositing a bottom electrode, the piezoelectric layer, and then the top electrode. Hence, an air/crystal interface is already present on the topside of the device. A second air/crystal interface must be provided on the bottom side of the device. There are several approaches for obtaining this second air/crystal interface. Some of these approaches are described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,060,818 to Ruby et al., incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
It is possible to manufacture a plurality of FBARs on a single substrate, such as a four inch diameter single crystal silicon wafer. The substrate is then diced to separate the multiple FBARs manufactured thereon. However, the process of sawing the substrate can damage the extremely thin FBAR resonators, so care must be taken during the dicing step.
There is a need for an improved process for manufacturing acoustical resonator structures. In particular, there is a need for an improved batch processing method for producing FBARs and SBARs.
In accordance with the invention, a method for batch processing acoustic resonators includes: depositing a first electrode on a top surface of a substrate; depositing a layer of piezoelectric material on said first electrode; depositing a second electrode on said layer of piezoelectric material; and removing material from a bottom surface of said substrate to reduce the thickness of the substrate and to reduce an electromagnetic influence in a resulting filter.
In accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, an acoustic filter is provided. The acoustic filter includes: a die substrate having a cavity formed on an upper surface thereof, said die substrate having a thickness of less than 19 mils; a plurality of resonator membranes formed on said die substrate. Each of said plurality of resonator membranes comprises a first electrode provided over said cavity on said upper surface of said die substrate; a piezoelectric material provided over said first electrode; and a second electrode provided over said piezoelectric material. A plurality of interconnects are provided on said die substrate providing electrical connections between said plurality of resonator membranes. A package is provided, the package including a die cavity formed on an upper surface thereof, said die substrate being mounted in said die cavity such that a primary current flowing along an upper surface of said die substrate creates a primary current magnetic field and an image current flowing along a ground plane beneath said die substrate creates an image current magnetic field, said primary current magnetic field and said image current magnetic field having opposite polarities.
For a more complete understanding of the present invention and for further features and advantages, reference is now made to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1a is a cross-section of an FBAR resonator.
FIG. 1b is a cross-section of an SBAR resonator.
FIGS. 2-8 are cross-sectional views of a portion of a substrate on which an FBAR is constructed according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a top plan view of an induced current produced by an FBAR filter in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a package containing an FBAR filter constructed according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention and their advantages are best understood by referring to FIGS. 1-10 of the drawings. Like numerals are used for like and corresponding parts of the various drawings.
The present invention may be more easily understood with reference to FIGS. 1a-1 b, which are cross-sectional views of an FBAR membrane 100 and SBAR membrane 110, respectively. FBAR membrane 100 includes bottom and top electrodes 102 and 104, respectively, which sandwich a portion of a sheet of piezoelectric (PZ) material 106, such as, for example, aluminum nitride, AlN. Electrodes 102, 104 used in FBAR membrane 100 are made of, for example, molybdenum. FBAR membrane 100 uses bulk longitudinal acoustic waves in the thin film piezoelectric material 106. When an electric field is created between bottom electrode 102 and top electrode 104 via an impressed voltage, piezoelectric material 106 converts some of the electrical energy into mechanical energy in the form of sound waves. The sound waves propagate in the same direction as the electric field and reflect off of the electrode/air interface.
At the mechanical resonance, FBAR membrane 100 appears to be an electronic resonator; hence, the device can act as a notch filter. The mechanical resonant frequency is the frequency for which the half wavelength of the sound waves propagating in the device is equal to the total thickness of the device for a given phase velocity of sound in the material. Since the velocity of sound is many orders of magnitude smaller than the velocity of light, the resulting resonator can be quite compact. Resonators for applications in the GHz range may be constructed with physical dimensions of the order of 200 μm in length and a few μm in thickness.
FIG. 1b is a cross-sectional view of an SBAR membrane 110. SBAR membrane 110 provides electrical functions analogous to those of a band-pass filter. SBAR membrane 110 is basically two FBAR membranes that are mechanically coupled. A signal across electrodes 112 and 114 at the resonance frequency of piezoelectric layer 118 will transmit acoustical energy to piezoelectric layer 120. The mechanical oscillations in piezoelectric layer 120 are converted to an electrical signal across electrodes 114 and 116 by the piezoelectric material in piezoelectric layer 120.
The manner in which FBAR and SBAR membranes are constructed according to embodiments of the present invention may be more easily understood with reference to FIGS. 2-8, which are cross-sectional views of a portion of a substrate 200 on which a plurality of FBAR membranes 217 are manufactured.
FIG. 2 shows a portion of substrate 200, which can be, for example, a conventional silicon wafer of the type utilized in integrated circuit fabrication, having a diameter of four inches and a thickness t1 of approximately 22 mils (approximately 550 μm). A plurality of cavities 204 are etched into an upper surface of substrate 200. The depth, d, of each cavity 204 should be sufficient to accommodate the displacement created by the piezoelectric layer in FBAR membrane 217 (FIG. 6). In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, a depth, d, of approximately 5 μm is sufficient. Each cavity 204 has an upper width, wu, of approximately 200 μm and a lower width, wl, of approximately 193 μm.
The manufacturing of FBAR membranes 217 according to this embodiment of the present invention is a batch process in which a plurality of FBAR membranes 217 are simultaneously formed on a single substrate 200. Although FIGS. 3-5 illustrate the process used to form a single FBAR membrane 217, it will be understood that the same processes are used across the surface of substrate 200 to simultaneously form a plurality of FBAR membranes 217. In addition, it will be understood that the figures are not drawn to scale. For simplicity, substrate 200 illustrated in FIGS. 3-5 appears to have a thickness t1 of roughly twice the depth, d, of cavities 204. As indicated by the exemplary dimensions described above, substrate 200 is typically considerably thicker than d.
A thin layer of thermal oxide 206 is grown on the surface of substrate 200 to prevent phosphorous from the phosphor-silica-glass (PSG) used in a subsequent step from diffusing into substrate 200. Such diffusion would convert the silicon forming substrate 200 to a conductor, which would interfere with the electrical operation of the final device.
Referring to FIG. 4, a sacrificial PSG layer 208 is then deposited over substrate 200. Sacrificial PSG layer 208 is deposited at a temperature of approximately 450 � C., using silane and P2O5 to form a soft glass-like material which is approximately 8% phosphorous. This low temperature process is well known to those of ordinary skill in the art, and hence, will not be discussed in detail here. PSG is a very clean, inert material that can be deposited at relatively low temperatures and can be etched in a dilute H2O:HF solution at a very high etch rate, and is therefore advantageous for usage as a sacrificial layer. At a dilution ratio of 10:1, etch rates on the order of 3 μm per minute can be obtained.
Unfortunately, a native PSG sacrificial layer is typically a poor base for constructing an acoustical resonator. At the atomic level the surface of such deposited films are atomically very rough. An acoustical resonator of the FBAR/SBAR type utilizes a piezoelectric material in which the crystals grow in columns that are perpendicular to the plane of the electrodes. In experiments, attempts to grow well-collimated piezoelectric films on the surface of a PSG layer have resulted, at best, in poor polycrystalline material that exhibits little or no piezoelectric effects because the many facets on the rough surface initiate crystal growth in a variety of directions. It has been determined that a smooth surface provides an effective base for the deposition of highly textured c-axis piezoelectric material demonstrating excellent piezoelectric properties in spite of the fact that the base does not contain a crystalline structure that "seeds" the piezoelectric layer.
Embodiments of the present invention overcome this difficulty by polishing the surface of PSG layer 208 to provide an atomically smooth surface. Referring to FIG. 5, the surface of the PSG layer 208 is first planarized by polishing with a slurry to remove the portions of PSG layer 208 and thermal oxide layer 206 outside of cavity 204. The remaining PSG portion 210 can then be polished using a more refined slurry. Alternatively, a single slurry can be used for both polishing steps. These polishing steps should create a "mirror"-like finish on top of PSG portion 210.
After polishing, substrate 200 is cleaned to remove remaining slurry or other contaminants. After polishing, the wafers are kept in de-ionized water until ready for a final cleaning step, which comprises dipping the wafers in a series of tanks that hold various cleaning agents. Each tank is subjected to ultrasonic agitation.
After cleaning, an electrode layer 212 of, for example, molybdenum, is deposited and then selectively etched to form the bottom electrode of FBAR membrane 217. Numerous alternative materials may used for electrode 212, such as Al, W, Au, Pt, or Ti. Molybdenum has a low thermo-elastic loss, making it advantageous for use in resonators. In this embodiment, the molybdenum is deposited utilizing sputtering to provide a smooth molybdenum layer that has a RMS variation in height of less than 5 nm.
After bottom electrode layer 212 has been deposited, a piezoelectric layer 214 is deposited. In one embodiment, piezoelectric layer 214 is a sputter deposited layer of AIN having a thickness between 0.1 and 10 μm. Finally, a top electrode layer 216 formed of, for example, the same material as bottom electrode layer 212, is deposited and selectively etched. Next, piezoelectric layer 214 is selectively etched such that bottom electrode layer 212, piezoelectric layer 214, and top electrode layer 216 form FBAR membrane 217. The resulting structure is shown in FIG. 6.
In conventional silicon wafer processing, after devices are formed on the wafer surface, the wafer is diced in a sawing step into a plurality of individual die. Sawing typically involves the use of a high-speed lathe in combination with a high-pressure DI water rinse to remove silicon chips and residue caused by the saw. However, FBAR membrane 217 is very thin and fragile, so this rinsing action may cause damage to FBAR membrane 217.
An alternative to wafer sawing is a process conventionally known as "scribe and cleave." A scribe, which can be, for example, a diamond cutting tip, is drawn along the upper surface of the wafer, forming a shallow groove ("scribe line") in the wafer surface. The individual die are separated by stressing the wafer at the location of the groove. The wafer tends to break at the location of the groove, following the crystal structure of the wafer. The "breaking" step can be performed by impacting the underside of the wafer along a scribe line, or by moving a cylindrical roller over a surface of the wafer. In either case, when the width of the die, wd, is small relative to the thickness, t1, of the wafer, "scribe and cleave" tends to become unreliable and the dice may fail to separate as desired. In one embodiment, a ratio of Wd to t1 of at least 2 to 1 is acceptable.
As described above, substrate 200 may have at thickness t1 ranging from approximately 380 to 750 μm (16 to 30 mils), and the width of each FBAR filter, wd (FIG. 9), is approximately 1000 μm (1 mm). To overcome the problems associated with the use of a "scribe and cleave" step, substrate 200 can be thinned prior to die separation. This thinning may be accomplished using lapping, a plasma etch, or a chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process to remove material from the underside 218 of substrate 200.
The polishing of underside 218 of substrate 200 creates additional problems due to the fragile nature of FBAR membrane 217. In the polishing process, underside 218 of substrate 200 is placed against a rotating polishing surface in the presence of a polishing slurry, and a pressure is applied to the upper surface 220. This pressure facilitates the removal of material from underside 218. To prevent damage, the remaining portions 210 of sacrificial PSG layer 208 may be left in cavities 204 to provide structural support for FBAR membranes 217 while substrate 200 is thinned.
FIG. 7 shows substrate 200 after thinning. In one embodiment, thinned thickness, t2, equals approximately 5 mils, which provides good characteristics for FBAR membranes 217, yet is sufficiently thick such that substrate 200 maintains sufficient rigidity for later processing steps. In other embodiments, t2 may range from 1 to 10 mils. Thicknesses t2 of 1 to 19 mils may also be acceptable, depending on the desired geometries.
After FBAR membranes 217 a-217 c are formed and substrate 200 is thinned, remaining portions 210 a-210 c of sacrificial layer 208 and thermal oxide layer 206 can be removed. To do this, vias (not shown) were created to expose the sacrificial PSG portions 210. These remaining sacrificial PSG portions 210 and thermal oxide layer 206 are removed by etching in dilute H2O:HF solution. As shown in FIG. 7, this leaves FBARs membranes 217 a-217 c suspended over the original cavities 204 a-204 c.
The above example has utilized the construction of FBAR membranes 217 a-217 c. However, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art from the preceding discussion that an SBAR membrane can be constructed utilizing the same process. In the case of an SBAR, an additional piezoelectric layer and electrode is deposited.
In the "scribe" step, a diamond-tip scribe is used to cut small grooves 222 in the upper surface 220 of substrate 200, as shown in FIG. 8. Next, a plastic layer (not shown) is placed over the upper surface 220. This plastic layer can be, for example, a non-adhesive polyimide tape having an electrical charge caused by static electricity.
Substrate 200 is then mounted onto a carrier comprising an adhesive tape extended across a set of hoops. The adhesive tape is bonded to the underside 218 of substrate 200, and an overlay may be provided over topside 220 of substrate 200 for additional support. Each groove 222 on substrate 200 is then impacted with a blade, thereby causing the dice to separate along the scribe lines defined by grooves 222. A wafer expander tool is used to stretch the adhesive tape, to which the separated dice are adhered, thereby providing easier handling of individual dice. The individual dice can then be removed and further processed, as described below.
During the "cleave" step, particles typically emanate from substrate 200 at the location of the break. If they adhere to FBAR membranes 217, these particles can damage or otherwise negatively impact the performance of FBAR membranes 217. The plastic layer effectively attracts and holds these particles due to their static charge, and prevents the particles from contacting any portion of FBAR membranes 217, particularly electrode layers 212, 216. After the separation of the dice, the plastic layer can be removed, thereby removing all of the particles attached to the plastic layer.
Each separated die may have a plurality of FBAR resonators formed thereon and electrically connected with a plurality of interconnects. The die with FBAR resonators and interconnects together form a single FBAR filter 226. FBAR filter 226 may then be mounted into a die cavity 229 within a ceramic package 228, as shown in FIGS. 9-10. FIG. 9 shows a top view of FBAR filter 226 mounted in package 228, and FIG. 10 shows a cross-section of the structure shown in FIG. 9 taken along the line A—A.
FBAR filter 226 is bonded to package 228 using a thermally-conductive epoxy layer 230, and electrically-conductive bond wires 231 provide electrical connections between package 228 and FBAR filter 226. A cover 234 seals the top of package 228 after FBAR filter 226 is mounted. Package 228 can then be mounted onto a printed circuit board 236 using conventional surface mount solder techniques.
When FBAR filter 226 is in use, a significant amount of power is provided to FBAR filter 226, causing heat to be generated. In one embodiment, package 228 is provided with one or more thermal vias 238 a-238 c, which are used to carry heat away from FBAR filter 226 to printed circuit ("PC") board 236. Epoxy bond layer 230 is also thermally-conductive, which improves the heat flow from substrate 200 to thermal vias 238 a-238 c. PC board 236 dissipates the heat drawn from device 226 using, for example, additional thermal vias and traditional convection cooling. Decreasing the thickness of substrate 200 prior to use effectuates improved heat transfer from FBAR membranes 217 by reducing the thermal resistivity of substrate 200. Thus, heat is able to more easily flow from FBAR membranes 217 to PC board 236.
Another advantage provided by embodiments of the present invention is the improved reduction of electromagnetic influence caused by the currents flowing through FBAR filter 226. One important property of a filter is that outside of the frequencies of interest, the FBAR membranes attenuate the amount of energy coming through the filter. The amount of attenuation at frequencies outside the passband should be as much as 50 dB, in some cases.
This filtering property is compromised if there is a "path" from input to output such that the signal bypasses the filter elements. One such path is created by the mutual inductance formed between a first loop (the "victimizer" loop) formed by the input signal pad 240 a and the first ground pad 240 b via FBAR resonators 217 a and 217 b, and a second loop (the "victim" loop) at the output formed by the path between output pad 240 c to ground pad 240 d a FBAR resonators 217 c and 217 d. One aspect that mitigates this "parasitic" path is the creation of an image current underneath the signal loop (the "victimizer" loop) in a ground plane 230 (FIG. 10).
As can be seen in FIG. 9, package 228 includes a plurality of contacts 242 which are electrically connected with contacts 240 on FBAR filter 226. Contacts 240 are, in turn, electrically connected with FBAR membranes 217 on FBAR filter 226. These electrical connections create multiple current flows over the surface of FBAR filter 226, two of which, current loops 232 a and 232 b, are illustrated in FIG. 9. Current loop 232 a (the "victimizer" current), which flows in the direction of arrow B, induces an image current in the ground plane 230 directly underneath FBAR filter 226. This image current follows the path of current loop 232 a but flows in the opposite direction. Current loop 232 a also induces a sympathetic current 232 b (the "victim" loop).
FIG. 10 shows primary current point 244, which is the point where "victimizer" current loop 232 a intersects line A—A. Image current point 246 is the point where the image current of the "victimizer" current loop 232 a intersects line A—A. Also shown in FIG. 10 is point 248 of the "victim" loop, which is the point where current is induced in the "victim" loop 232 b by the "victimizer" current loop 232 a. The opposing electrical currents flowing through primary current point 244 and image current point 246 create opposing electromagnetic fields, shown as primary current magnetic field 250 and image current magnetic field 252. Each of these magnetic fields 250 and 252 induce a current flow at "victim" loop point 248. However, the distance r1 between primary current point 244 and victim current point 248 is less than the distance r2 between image current point 246 and victim current point 248. Therefore, the induced magnetic fields 250 and 252 are of unequal magnitudes at point 248, thus inducing a current in the output loop 232 b.
In accordance with embodiments of the present invention, substrate 200 is thinned before being separated into individual dice. This thinning process reduces the distance t2 between the primary current point 244 and the image current point 246. As t2 is reduced to a distance much smaller than r1, then the magnitude of primary current magnetic field 250 will approach the magnitude of image current magnetic field 252. Because the primary current flowing through primary current point 244 and the image current flowing through image current point 246 are in opposite directions, image current magnetic field 252 will serve to cancel out primary current magnetic field 250. Accordingly, as the distance t2 is reduced, the magnitudes of magnetic fields 250 and 252 will approach each other, and the cancellation of magnetic fields 250 and 252 will be more complete. This minimizes the amount of current induced in "victim" current loop 232 b, which improves the overall efficiency of package 228.
It will be understood that multiple current paths exist on the surface of FBAR filter 226, which creates an equal number of image current paths in the ground plane beneath FBAR filter 226. All of these currents will create magnetic fields which will affect nearby current flows to varying degrees. By decreasing the thickness t2 of substrate, the image currents in the ground plane will be brought closer to the corresponding currents flowing on the upper surface of FBAR filter 226.
Separation between "victim" and "victimizer" loops is typically on the order of 300 to 500 μm (12 to 20 mils). It is generally desirable to reduce the distance between these loops in order to obtain smaller die sizes and higher yields. Accordingly, it is desirable to reduce the thickness of the substrate to at least one-third of the distance between the "victim" and "victimizer" loops. This improves the ability of the image currents to induce magnetic fields which tend to cancel out the magnetic fields caused by the primary currents.
As described above, embodiments of the present invention provide numerous advantages. Thinning of substrate 200 after the formation of FBAR membrane 217 provides improvements in both the thermal and electrical efficiency of FBAR filter 226. Because FBAR membrane 217 is formed prior to the thinning of substrate 200, substrate 200 is structurally stronger and less fragile during the manufacturing of FBAR membrane 217. In addition, by retaining sacrificial PSG portion 210 in cavity 204 during the processing, sacrificial PSG portion 210 provides structural support for FBAR membrane 217. Moreover, the thinning of substrate 200 may be part of a batch process for simultaneously forming a plurality of FBAR membranes 217 on a single wafer, thereby increasing manufacturing efficiency. The above-described advantages of thinning substrate 200 are not limited to the specific FBAR fabrication process described herein, but may be applied to any process of manufacturing FBAR resonators and filters. Another method of manufacturing FBARs is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,873,153 to Ruby et al., incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
The advantage achieved by thinning substrate 200 as described above is not limited to the specific FBAR structure described herein, but is also applicable to other FBAR and surface acoustic wave (SAW) structures. Another method of manufacturing FBARs to which the thinning of substrate step may be applied is discussed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,873,153 to Ruby et al., which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
Although the invention has been described with reference to particular embodiments, the description is only an example of the invention's application and should not be taken as a limitation. In particular, even though much of preceding discussion was aimed at the manufacturing of FBAR filters, alternative embodiments of this invention are applicable to the manufacturing of SBAR devices or other thin film filter technologies. Various other adaptations and combinations of features of the embodiments disclosed are within the scope of the invention as defined by the following claims.
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Iran's Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif in a parliament session broadcast live nationally reiterated his condemnations of the Holocaust and said he will not allow Iran to be demonized by accusations of Holocaust denial.
"Iran is an independent, mighty and stable country, but widespread propaganda and political activities are underway to portray Iran as a threat to the region and the global peace and security," he said.
Zarif was summoned at the request of parliament hardliners, who are worried that the administration of President Hassan Rouhani has softened on Israel and the Jews, and who are angry at Zarif for having condemned the Holocaust.
Rouhani's predecessor, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, denied the Holocaust, and as recently as March, Iran's supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khameini, questioned its scope.
Zarif said that Israel is trying to inflame anti-Iran sentiments with accusations of Iranian Holocaust denial.
"[Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin] Netanyahu shamelessly raises hue and cry that Iran is denying the Holocaust and says that Holocaust-denying Iran is after creating another Holocaust by producing an atomic bomb," he said.
Former Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad in 2005 was roundly condemned for calling the Holocaust a "myth."
Zarif in September 2013 told the Islamist Tasnim news agency that "Tehran condemns the killing of Jews by Nazis," but at the same time stressed that the "Holocaust has become a pretext for Zionists to violate the rights of the Palestinian nation."
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Classes on the Cobbles
- Sports & Fitness
- On Gansevoort Street between Ninth Avenue and Hudson Street, New York, 10014
Baltimore Orioles at New York Mets (Promo: Johan Santana No-Hitter T-Shirt) Tickets
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Slow Cooker Italian Chicken
Pin It Shared by our facebook friend Kelly L., and she said this is "By far one of her favorites"! Thanks Kelly for sharing! Place chicken breasts in… Read More »
Slow Cooker BEST Meatball
Pin It Slow Cooker BEST Meatball recipe was shared by our facebook friend Faith G., and she says it is really the best Meatball! Thanks Faith for sharing… Read More »
Slow Cooker Italian Tortellini Stew
Pin It This recipe for Slow Cooker Italian Tortellini Stew is one that is so YUMMY, and will definitely be in your meal rotation! Combine all ingredients EXCEPT… Read More »
Slow Cooker 24 Hour Italian Beef
Pin It This recipe is great as you can make it ahead and give you time to prepare everything else, and NEVER a disappointment…. so so YUMMY! Place… Read More »
Slow Cooker Baked Ziti
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Slow Cooker Pizza
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Wild race blows championship open for Keselowski
But the carnage was simply the final exclamation point in a sequence triggered by four-time champion Jeff Gordon. He intentionally wrecked Clint Bowyer, and that led to a full brawl in the garage and a red-flag of nearly 15 minutes for clean up on the track.
Keselowski was tweeting during the delay from inside his car - a practice he first did during a jet fuel fire in the season-opening Daytona 500 - and NASCAR had officially reached three-ring circus status.
"The sport was made on fights. We should have more fights. I like fights," Harvick said after the race. "They're not always fun to be in, sometimes you're on the wrong end, but fights are what made NASCAR what it is."
This one began as the field closed in on what should have been the final lap and Gordon slowed his car to wait for Bowyer so he could intentionally wreck him as retaliation for several weeks of on-track contact between the two.
After Gordon climbed from his car in the garage, he appeared to be jumped from behind by one of Bowyer's crew members. It led to a full brawl between the crews, with Bowyer sprinting from his car to join the fracas. Bowyer was held back by NASCAR officials from entering Gordon's hauler.
"It's pretty embarrassing," Bowyer said. "For a four-time champion, and what I consider one of the best this sport's ever seen to act like this is pretty ridiculous."
Both drivers and their crew chiefs were called to the NASCAR hauler for a meeting with series officials, and police officers stood outside on guard.
Gordon said he's had problems with Bowyer all season and had reached his limit.
"Things just got escalated over the year, and I'd just had it," he said. "Clint has run into me numerous times, wrecked me, and he got into me on the back straightaway and pretty much ruined our day. I've had it, fed up with it and I got him back."
He said he didn't know what penalties might be coming from NASCAR.
"They've got to do what they've got to do, and I guess I had to do what," he said.
NASCAR vice president of competition Robin Pemberton said the situation would be looked at further this week.
"That was surely a shame," he said. "We'll continue to try to get everybody back calm down and back to a working situation."
But Keselowski was livid, questioning the double-standard a week after he was criticized for racing hard on the final restarts against Johnson last week at Texas.
He could have wrecked Johnson for the victory, and three years ago he might have done just that. But Keselowski was only aggressive, and even after losing the race was condemned by some of his fellow competitors.
Three-time champion Tony Stewart said Keselowski had "a death wish" and Kyle Busch felt some drivers wouldn't give Keselowski a break on the track because he raced Johnson too hard on the last restart.


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Buy it from
- Buy the CD
- Jules Massenent
- Massenet: Don Quichotte (Mariinsky Orchestra/Gergiev)
- Valery Gergiev
- Mariinski
- 2012
Don Quichotte dates from 1909, three years before Massenet's death. It's hard to believe that his portrait of Cervantes's hero as an elderly man saying farewell to a life of the imagination was not intended as a valedictory gesture on Massenet's part. Valery Gergiev's recording casts Ferruccio Furlanetto as Quichotte amid an otherwise all-Russian cast. He is quite astonishingly moving in it, as is Andrei Serov as Sancho Pança. The rest of it is more equivocal. Gergiev is at his best when the music is most tender, but goes hell-for-leather at the fiesta scenes, which work better when less pressured.


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Oasis Petroleum Inc. Announces Select Operational Results and Preliminary Financial Results for 2012 and its 2013 Outlook PR Newswire HOUSTON, Jan. 31, 2013 HOUSTON, Jan. 31, 2013 /PRNewswire/ --Oasis Petroleum Inc. (NYSE: OAS) ("Oasis" or the "Company") today announced 2012 operational results and estimated net proved reserves, updated its 2012 financial outlook, and provided its 2013 outlook. Achievements in 2012 include: oIncreased average daily production to 22,469 barrels of oil equivalent per day ("Boepd") in 2012, up from 10,724 Boepd in 2011 for an increase of 110%. oCompleted and placed on production 117 gross (93.3 net) operated wells during 2012, including 31 gross (25.4 net) operated wells in the fourth quarter of 2012. oIncreased total estimated net proved oil and natural gas reserves at December 31, 2012 to 143.3 million barrels of oil equivalent ("MMBoe"), an 82% increase over year-end 2011 estimated net proved reserves. Approximately 89% of estimated net proved reserves at year-end 2012 consisted of oil and 49% were classified asdeveloped. oContinued to high-grade and growthe Company'sleasehold position to 335,383 total net acres in the Williston Basin, primarily targeting the Bakken and Three Forks ("TFS") formations. The Company increased its operated drill blocks by 37 through acreage additions and trades during 2012. In addition, Oasis has 264,595 net acres held-by-production as of December 31, 2012. oSuccessfully launched and utilized Oasis Well Services ("OWS"), the Company's internal frac service provider on its operated wells. oReduced well costs by 16% from $10.5 million in the first half of 2012 to $8.8 million as of year-end 2012, while maintaining similar estimated ultimate recoveries ("EURs") on wells. oEnded the year with $239 million of cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments and had total liquidity of $987 million, including the Company's revolving credit facility ($750 million borrowing base). "We more than doubled production for the second straight year, growing 2012 production to 22,469 barrels of oil equivalent per day," said Thomas B. Nusz, Oasis' Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. "The team made significant strides during 2012, laying a firm foundation for continued growth into 2013. We were able to attract the human resources, both in upstream and in OWS,who are a key strength that drives the success of Oasis. As we transition into full pad development during 2013, we believe we have the right team in place to plan and execute successfully, especially given the complexities associated with this type of activity." Highlightsof 2013 Plan: oIncreasing average daily production to a range of 30,000 to 34,000 Boepd in 2013. o$1,020 million total capital expenditure ("CapEx") budget including $897 million for drilling and completion CapEx. oCompleting approximately 128 gross (92.5 net) operated and 10.9 net non-operated wells. oFurther testing and delineating of the TFS, including lower TFS benches, across Oasis' acreage position. oPerforming numerous infill density tests, including testing the equivalent of 6 wells per formation in a single spacing unit. oDrilling approximately 60-70% of its wells on pads. oImproving capital efficiency without reducing EURs from wells. Oasis expects to spend approximately $110 million less ondrilling and completion CapEx in 2013 compared to 2012 while completing a similar number of net wells year-over-year. Operational Results for Bakken and TFS Oasis completed and brought on production 117 gross (93.3 net) operated wells in the Williston Basin in 2012, including 31 gross (25.4 net) operated wells during the fourth quarter of 2012. The following table describes the Company's producing wells by project area in the Williston Basin as of December 31, 2012: Bakken / Three Forks Wells Total West Williston East Nesson Sanish Williston Basin Producing wells Gross Net Gross Net Gross Net Gross Net Producing on or before 12/31/11: Operated 73 59.2 41.0 32.7 0 0.0 114 91.9 Non-Operated 37 2.6 51 4.4 174 13.1 262 20.1 Total Producing 110 61.8 92 37.1 174 13.1 376 112.0 wells Producing on or before 9/30/12: Operated 138 110.3 62.0 51.6 0 0.0 200 161.9 Non-Operated 48 4.0 58 4.8 236 18.4 342 27.2 Total Producing 186 114.3 120 56.4 236 18.4 542 189.1 wells Production started in Q4 2012: Operated 18 14.2 12 10.1 0 0.0 30 24.3 Non-Operated 0 0.3 13 1.0 21 1.5 34 2.8 Total Producing 18 14.5 25 11.1 21 1.5 64 27.1 wells Producing wells on or before 12/31/12:^(1) Operated 156 124.5 74 61.7 0 0.0 230 186.2 Non-Operated 48 4.3 71 5.8 257 19.9 376 30.0 Total Producing 204 128.8 145 67.5 257 19.9 606 216.2 wells (1) Total producing wells on 12/31/12 has been adjusted for the Rebne well (1 gross and 1.0 net) in St. Croix that is in the process of being shut-in. As of December 31, 2012, the Company had 21 gross operated wells awaiting completion and 11 gross operated wells in the process of drilling. Two of the Company's nine rigs were each drilling two wells on pads on December 31, 2012. Preliminary Fiscal Year 2012 Results Oasis is providing preliminary unaudited financial results for fiscal year 2012. Oasis has prepared the summary preliminary data below based on the most current information available to management. Its normal closing and financial reporting processes with respect to the preliminary financial data have not been fully completed. As a result, its actual financial results could be different from this preliminary financial data, and any differences could be material. Average daily production by project area is listed in the following table: Average Daily Production for the Quarter Ended (Boepd) Dec 31, 2012 Sep 30, 2012 Change % Change West Williston 18,492 16,605 1,887 11.4% East Nesson 6,410 5,336 1,074 20.1% Sanish 2,654 2,316 338 14.6% Total 27,556 24,257 3,299 13.6% Average daily production in the fourth quarter and full year for oil and gas is included in the following table: Average Daily Production for Period 4Q 12 FY 12 4Q 11 FY 11 Oil (Bopd) 25,009 20,581 14,402 10,226 Natural Gas (MMcfpd) 15.3 11.3 5.0 3.0 Total (Boepd) 27,556 22,469 15,243 10,724 "At the end of 2012, Oasis had approximately 90% of its wells connected to natural gas infrastructure," added Taylor Reid, Oasis' Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer. "Additionally, we had approximately 60% of our gross operated oil volumesin our third party oil gathering system, which provides access to numerous rail and pipeline delivery points. Because of the flexibility that this system provides, we were able to shift volumes from approximately 50% rail and 50% pipeline earlier this year to approximately 80% rail and 20% pipeline in the fourth quarter of 2012. With the shift, we delivered our best oil differentials to date during the quarter at less than 2.5% versus WTI." The following table provides the Company's estimates for oil prices and differentials and natural gas prices for the fourth quarter of 2012 and for the full year 2012: Expected Prices and Oil Differentials Metric 4Q 12 FY 12 WTI (NYMEX) $88.21 $93.39 Realized price for oil $86.00 - $86.90 $85.00 - $85.25 Oil differential 1.5 - 2.5% 8.7 - 9.0% Natural gas ($ per mcf) $6.10 - $6.40 $6.45 - $6.55 The following table provides Oasis' preliminary estimates for fiscal year 2012 expenses: FY 2012 Metric August Guidance Updated Guidance LOE ($/Boe) $5.75 - $7.00 $6.65 - $6.75 Marketing, transportation, and gathering $1.00 - $1.50 $1.00 - $1.10 ($/Boe) ^(1) G&A ($ in millions) $55 - $62 $56.9 - $57.8 Production taxes (% of E&P Revenue) 9.5% - 10.5% 9.35% - 9.45% (1) Excludes bulk purchase of oil of $1.4 million in the first quarter of 2012 and the effect of non-cash market valuation adjustments on pipeline imbalances. Oasis is estimating CapEx related to drilling and completion activities to total between $1,005 million and $1,015 million for 2012. The Company expects total CapEx for the full year 2012 to be between $1,145 million and $1,155 million. The incremental spending above the Company's August 2012 target was primarily due to increased working interests in operated wells and drilling and completion activity that exceeded the plan. The Company completed an additional 7.1 net operated and non-operated wells in 2012 compared to its plan. On an operated basis, Oasis completed 5 more gross operated wells than budgeted in 2012, due to the Company's decision to utilize available frac capacity in early December 2012, when the Williston Basin was experiencing seasonally mild weather. CapEx reductions associated with OWS, which are included in the CapEx numbers above, are expected to range between $17 and $18 million during 2012, which exceeded the Company's expectations. As of December 31, 2012, the Company had cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments of $239 million. As of December 31, 2012, Oasis had no borrowings under its revolving credit facility ($750 million borrowing base), although it had $2.2 million of letters of credit that reduces the borrowing capacity of the revolving credit facility. Overall, Oasis has liquidity of approximately $987 million. Leasehold Position and Drilling Locations Oasis built its leasehold position in its West Williston, East Nesson and Sanish project areas primarily through acquisitions and development activities.As of December 31, 2012, the Companyhad 335,383 net acres in the Williston Basin. The following table presents net acreage as of December31, 2012 and 2011: Dec 31, 2012 Dec 31, 2011 Change % Change West Williston 208,062 201,265 6,797 3% East Nesson 118,943 97,756 21,187 22% Sanish 8,378 8,409 (31) 0% Total 335,383 307,430 27,953 9% "The land team, working closely with our asset management team, has done an extraordinary job high-grading and adding to our core acreage position in the Williston Basin," said Mr. Reid. "We now have approximately 305,000 net acres that we believe are core based on prospectivity for the Middle Bakken, and we include about 110,000 (36% of core net acres) of those net acres in our primary inventory for the TFS. Additionally, our significant investment in drilling activities has enabled Oasis to increase its acreage that is held by production to approximately 264,595 as of year-end 2012." Based on results to date and the delineation of the Bakken formation throughout much of its acreage, Oasis believes it has 1,632 gross (730.9 net) remaining primary drilling locations. This drilling inventory is based on the assumption that there are 280 substantially delineated and economically viable operated spacing units across the Company's acreage position. Identified gross and net drilling locations are based on primarily 1,280 acre spacing units. For the primary inventory, each spacing unit assumes three Bakken wells (excluding wells previously drilled) and in certain areas where the Company has conclusive historical production data, such as in Indian Hills and in parts of South Cottonwood, each spacing unit assumes four Bakken and threeTFSwells (excluding wells previously drilled). Additionally, the Company assumes the operators' identified plan for development in the Sanish project area. In addition to its primary drilling locations, the Company believes it has additional remaining potential drilling locations including a fourth Bakken well and up to four TFSwells per spacing unit in certain areas. The following table presents remaining drilling locations for each project area as of December31, 2012: Remaining Primary Remaining Potential Remaining Drilling Drilling Locations Drilling Locations Locations Gross Net Gross Net Gross Net West 834 394.4 1,159 582.4 1,993 976.8 Williston East Nesson 644 326.8 354 213.7 998 540.5 Sanish 154 9.7 26 5.3 180 15.0 Total 1,632 730.9 1,539 801.4 3,171 1,532.3 Estimated Net Proved Reserves Oasis' estimated net proved oil and natural gas reserves at December 31, 2012 were 143.3 MMBoe, a 82% increase over year-end 2011 estimated net proved reserves, and consisted of 128.1 million barrels ("MMBbls") of oil and 91.5 billion cubic feet ("Bcf") of natural gas utilizing an average WTI oil price of $94.68 per barrel and an average natural gas price of $2.75 per MMBtu. These prices were adjusted by lease for quality, transportation fees, geographical differentials, marketing bonuses or deductions and other factors affecting the price received at the wellhead. At year-end 2012, 89% of the Company's estimated net reservesconsisted ofoil. The table below summarizes the Company's estimated net proved reserves and related PV-10 at December31, 2012 and 2011 for each project area. The reserve estimates at December31, 2012 and 2011 presented in the table below are based on reports prepared by DeGolyer and MacNaughton, independent reserve engineers. In preparing its reports, DeGolyer and MacNaughton evaluated properties representing all of the Company's PV-10 at December31, 2012 and 2011 under the current SEC rules. The information in the following table does not give any effect to or reflect Oasis' commodity hedges. December 31, 2012 December 31, 2011 PV-10 Proved PV-10 Proved Reserves (MMBoe) (in millions) Reserves (in millions) ^(1) (MMBoe) ^(1) West Williston 94.6 $2,066.6 51.6 $1,242.6 East Nesson 41.4 975.6 21.1 479.1 Sanish 7.3 202.1 6 182.0 Total 143.3 $3,244.3 78.7 $1,903.7 (1) PV-10 is a non-GAAP financial measure and generally differs from Standardized Measure, the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure, because it does not include the effect of income taxes on discounted future net cash flows.Average WTI oil price was $94.68 per barrel in 2012 and $96.23 per barrel in 2011. Estimated net proved developed reserves increased from 35.8 MMBoe at year-end 2011 to 70.0 MMBoe at year-end 2012. The PV-10 of the Company's estimated net proved developed reserves increased from $1,149 million at year-end 2011 to $2,188 million at year-end 2012. At December 31, 2012, Oasis had approximately 73.3MMBoe of estimated net proved undeveloped reserves as compared to 42.9 MMBoe at December 31, 2011. All of the Company's estimated net proved undeveloped reserves at December 31, 2012 are expected to be developed within the next five years. The following table summarizes the changes in Oasis' estimated net proved reserves during 2012: MMBoe As of December 31, 2011 78.7 Revision of previous estimates (2.0) Extensions, discoveries and other additions 73.9 Sales of reserves in place 0.0 Purchases of reserves in place 1.0 Production (8.2) As of December 31, 2012 143.3 Total estimated proved developed reserves 70.0 Percent proved developed 49% Outlook for 2013 The Company's 2013 CapEx budget totals $1,020 million, which consists of $996 million for Exploration and Production ("E&P") CapEx and $24 million for other CapEx, including OWS and non-E&P capital. E&P CapEx primarily consists of: o$897 million of drilling and completion CapEx for operated and non-operated wells (including expected savings from services provided by OWS); o$43 million for constructing infrastructure to support production in Oasis' core project areas, primarily related to salt water disposal systems; o$25 million for maintaining and expanding the Company's leasehold position; o$21 million for facilities and other miscellaneous CapEx; and o$10 million for micro-seismic work, purchase of seismic data and other test work. Other CapEx consists of the following: o$14 million for OWS; and o$10 million for non-E&P capital, including items such as administrative capital, and capitalized interest. The Company expects the wells completed by area in 2013 to be: Wells Completed by Gross Operated Net Operated Net Non-operated Total Net Area Wells West Williston 75 55.3 2.9 58.2 East Nesson 53 37.2 2.3 39.5 Sanish - - 5.8 5.8 Total 128 92.5 10.9 103.4 The following table provides Oasis' forward-looking guidance for 2013: Metric 2013 Ranges Production (Boepd) Full Year 30,000 - 34,000 1Q 13 27,000 - 29,000 Full Year Financial Metrics LOE ($/Boe) $5.75 - $7.00 Marketing, transportation, and gathering ($/Boe) ^(1) $1.25 - $1.60 G&A ($ in millions) $75 - $85 Production taxes (% of E&P Revenue) 9.5% - 11.0% (1) Excludes the effect of non-cash market valuation adjustments on inventory imbalances. "Oasis is looking forward to another year of outstanding production growth combined with improving capital efficiency," said Mr. Nusz. "Average well costs in our budget are expected to be approximately $8.5 to $8.7 million, and the team is continuing their work to drive well costs down even further. We expect to complete a similar number of net wells in 2013 as we did in 2012, with savings ofapproximately $110 million in drilling and completion CapEx. Production growth in the first half of the year is expected to moderate due to winter weather conditions, spring break-up, and infill operations. As we have seen in past years, production growth will be weighted towards the back half of the year." Oasis is expecting to continue expansion of its pad development operations in 2013 as it expects to develop 60-70% of its wells on pads. Pad development is anticipated to help drive down costs through efficiencies, less required equipment and manpower and lower facilities costs. In addition, the use of pads is expected to decrease the overall impact to the environment and to the land owners in the Williston Basin. As Oasis moves to pad operations,the Companyexpects to utilize a four Bakken and three TFS well pattern in certain spacing units in Indian Hills and South Cottonwood. Throughout the year, Oasis expects to further test infill density across the Company's acreage position and, in some cases, test down to 400 feet spacing, which could equate to a six wells per formation per 1280 acre spacing unit. Additionally, Oasis is expecting to evaluate the TFS through high resolution core work throughout its acreage position in 2013.In addition to theone well core in Indian Hills in 2012, Oasis is planning todrill six well pilots, which willinclude cores and high resolution logsto evaluate all benches of the TFS formation. This core work, combined with continued infill density tests across the Company's acreage position, is expected to provide Oasis valuable information as it continues to evolve its full development plan to achieve the highest economics. Hedging Activity The Company expects to continue to layer in additional commodity derivatives during 2013 to protect funding for its drilling program and a portion of its existing production volumes. As of January 30, 2013, the Company had the following outstanding commodity derivative contracts, all of which settle monthly: Weighted Average Prices ($/Bbl) Type Remaining Sub-Floor Floor Cap Swaps BOPD Total Term Barrels 2013 Partial Year Put Spread 6 Months $65.00 $95.00 500 90,500 (No Ceiling) (Jan-Jun) Full Year Swaps 12 Months $94.55 4,000 1,460,000 (Jan-Dec) Two-Way 12 Months $86.82 $97.75 5,500 2,007,500 Collar (Jan-Dec) Three-Way 12 Months $65.92 $92.45 $111.45 6,130 2,237,450 Collar (Jan-Dec) Put Spread 12 Months $71.03 $91.03 4,870 1,777,550 (No Ceiling) (Jan-Dec) Total 2013 Hedges $68.11 $90.22 $104.97 7,573,000 (Weighted Average) Implied total volume hedged (BOPD) for 2013 20,748 2014 Full Year Swaps 12 Months $92.15 1,000 365,000 (Jan-Dec) Three-Way 12 Months $70.67 $90.67 $105.81 7,500 2,737,500 Collar (Jan-Dec) Total 2014 Hedges $70.67 $90.67 $105.81 3,102,500 (Weighted Average) Implied total volume hedged (BOPD) for 2014 8,500 Upcoming Conferences February 5, 2013 Credit Suisse Energy Summit 2013 – Vail, CO February 27, 2013 UBS SMID Cap One-on-One Symposium – Boston, MA February 27, 2013 J.P.Morgan Global High Yield & Leveraged Finance Conference – Miami, FL March 1, 2013 Simmons & Company 13th Annual Energy Conference - Las Vegas, NV March 5, 2013 Raymond James' 34th Annual Institutional Investors Conference – Orlando, FL Forward-Looking Statements This press release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. All statements, other than statements of historical facts, included in this press release that address activities, events or developments that the Company expects, believes or anticipates will or may occur in the future are forward-looking statements. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, forward-looking statements contained in this press release specifically include the expectations of plans, strategies, objectives and anticipated financial and operating results of the Company, including the Company's drilling program, production, derivatives activities, capital expenditure levels and other guidance included in this press release. These statements are based on certain assumptions made by the Company based on management's experience and perception of historical trends, current conditions, anticipated future developments and other factors believed to be appropriate. Such statements are subject to a number of assumptions, risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond the control of the Company, which may cause actual results to differ materially from those implied or expressed by the forward-looking statements. These include changes in oil and natural gas prices, the timing of planned capital expenditures, availability of acquisitions, uncertainties in estimating proved reserves and forecasting production results, operational factors affecting the commencement or maintenance of producing wells, the condition of the capital markets generally, as well as the Company's ability to access them, the proximity to and capacity of transportation facilities, and uncertainties regarding environmental regulations or litigation and other legal or regulatory developments affecting the Company's business and other important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected as described in the Company's reports filed with the SEC. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which such statement is made and the Company undertakes no obligation to correct or update any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by applicable law. About Oasis Petroleum Inc. Oasis is an independent exploration and production company focused on the acquisition and development of unconventional oil and natural gas resources, primarily operating in the Williston Basin. For more information, please visit the Company's website at www.oasispetroleum.com. Contact: Oasis Petroleum Inc. Richard Robuck, (281) 404-9600 SOURCE Oasis Petroleum Inc. Website: http://www.oasispetroleum.com
Oasis Petroleum Inc. Announces Select Operational Results and Preliminary Financial Results for 2012 and its 2013 Outlook
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what is the best price for a Fuji S5 pro?
Started Feb 20, 2009 | Discussions thread
Forum Member • Posts: 66
got mine there from CameraCentre in Cardiff for 499lbs . Has been send by registred postal mail and arrived 7 days later. Just paid 1$ at post-office.
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text: http://crunchbanglinux.org – I'm a fairly experience programmer and have been working on UNIX/Linux for about 40 years. Currently, I usually work on Kubuntu and I'm more or less happy with the product and the support of the community. Definitely, I give a thumbs up for Kubuntu!!About 12 years ago I was given an IBM Thinkpad 600e as my traveling laptop. It was a nice laptop for it's time and I used it until it died around 2006. Last year, I saw a local ad on Craigslist for a Thinkpad 600e, a mouse and a flatscreen for $40 and I could not resist buying it, figuring I would try loading Kubuntu up. I have a Pen (HowTos)


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Inner Piece (Paperback)
|Author: David Nelson
|A story of the Master Puzzle Maker who brings refreshing hope to the different characters portrayed. In the midst of their life challenges, the Puzzle Maker, in various forms, offers life answers and transforming hope.
Customer Reviews of Inner Piece
Filled With Hope2/9/2008
I didn't know what to expect when I began this book. I'd read the synopsis and thought it worth a try. I'm very glad I took the time to get into it. I found that I could identify with some of the charters and was very upset with some of them. My emotions were balanced by the good that came out through trusting God for direction and answers. The writer presented realistic fictional characters in conversations and language that I understood. I was changed for the better by reading this book. I have recommended it to many friends. It is worth reading.
Inner Piece Fits2/23/2006
This is the type of story that grabs the reader on the first couple of pages and doesn't let go. As I read further and further, I kept wanting to find out more about the main character and the sub-characters. I was moved to tears a couple of times. I think this story is well told and well-written. Worth a read to all.


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You can now invite anyone to meet at your favorite Starbucks.
Limited-time feature
45 year old man | Hawthorne, CA, USA | Seeking women 40-48 within 50 miles
Designing Man seeking a fun Beauty
Friendly and fun guy with a healthy sense of humor and open heart. Like people, foods and sharing, especially good times and adventures. Enjoy music, dancing, workouts, shopping, arts, and exploring new environs locally or remote. Entrepreneurial spirit and mindset, own my own design company, enjoy giving back and being a productive person. Hobbies are arts, design, cooking, sports,and most things I can do with my hands. Interested in meeting that special one person who enjoys personal health, growth, adventures, positive experiences, fine dining, sushi, dancing, conversations, and sharing stories of life and adventures. I offer 100% dedication, loyalty, sensitivities, a great back rub, two ears for listening, and unqualified support. And yes, I spent way too much time in the gym...but I'm 100% natural and have all working parts (lol). I design outdoor living concepts....bars, waterfalls, fountains, fireplaces, firepits, pergolas, and other unique elements. I hope to meet a unique personality who can be the love of my life. You can close the deal if you're intelligent, witty, fun, and honest. Overall I'm pretty easy going....and love to spend time focusing on possibilities, positives, and potential.
Camping , Coffee and conversation , Business networking , Cooking , Dining out , Gardening/Landscaping , Movies/Videos , Museums and art , Music and concerts , Exploring new areas , Nightclubs/Dancing , Playing sports , Political interests , Shopping/Antiques , Travel/Sightseeing , Watching sports , Wine tasting
Aerobics, Basketball, Billiards / Pool, Dancing, Football, Weights / Machines
I exercise 5 or more times per week.
I like Cats, Dogs, Fish
I'd be interested in some new forms of entertainment and enjoyment from a partner as well, and hope to share that experience.
Beaches, such as Marina del Rey and Venice, Melrose, dive bars,sushi bars, Getty, Plant Nurseries, my garden at home, Maui, New York City, SF, Aspen, hiking SFV Victory hillside and Santa Monica mountains trails.
University of Delaware, Newark, DE
Rainstorms, pancakes, hot shower, beginning and finishing a design, materials, laughter, perfect marq, kissing ( too long ago...lol), Saturday bbq, funny emails, a great hug, cooking, funny stories, driving, sharing a movie, gym time, family stories
Gym, Shopping, old movies, home improvement ( any tool, any creation, any home project), help others improve their home areas, watch sports such as football, visit museums...love Smithsonian, travel, reading, beaches, yard sales, & gardening
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
|What he is looking for
|6'4" (193cms)
|5'4" (162cms) to 6'0" (182cms)
|Body type:
|Athletic and toned
|No preference
|No preference
|Cigar aficionado
|No Way
|Social Drinker
|Social Drinker
|Self-Employed / Entrepreneur
|Artistic / Creative / Performance, Legal, Sales / Marketing, Self-Employed / Entrepreneur, Student, Technical / Science / Computers / Engineering, Other profession, Architecture / Interior design
Designer, specializing in Outdoor Living Concepts, expanding into other vertical markets.
|$100,001 to $150,000
|No preference
|Never Married
|No preference
|Have kids:
|No preference
|Wants kids:
|Not sure
|No preference
|Black / African descent, Other
|No preference
A lot of mutt...black, white, and other South American influences. I've tried to make the most of my genetic and environmental attributes.
|Spiritual but not religious
|No preference
|Bachelors degree
|No preference
Chemistry major


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PDP cavalry rides into Ibadan
Determined to ensure electoral success in forthcoming elections, the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) in the Southwest has embarked on an Olusegun Obasanjo-driven strategy to whip the party into unaccustomed unity. Yesterday, Obasanjo, former president and currently Chairman, PDP Board of Trustees (BoT), rode spiritedly into the ancient city of Ibadan ahead of a cavalry of pretentious equestrians to make peace between the party's cantankerous leaders and estranged party men. Dressed jauntily in adire top and a matching cap, Obasanjo was reportedly optimistic he could get his warring party men to agree first to a truce and then later peace. He was also reported to have been well received. And no doubt, the national leaders of the party trust him to do something about the divisions in the party to enable the PDP present a united front against the Action Congress of Nigeria (ACN), the ruling party in the state, in the coming elections.
A major plank of the Obasanjo peace initiative was his meeting with a former governor of the state, Senator Rashidi Ladoja. The former president held a closed-door meeting with Ladoja that lasted, according to some reports, about 45 minutes. Neither Obasanjo nor Ladoja confirmed details of what were speculated to have transpired between the negotiators. But it will be recalled that Ladoja's irritation with the PDP began when the party's strongmen in the state engineered his impeachment in 2006, with his successor, Chief Adebayo Alao-Akala, being the main beneficiary. His mandate was restored by the courts, but since the national leadership of the party headed by Obasanjo himself in those turbulent and dramatic years connived at the betrayal, Ladoja was soon frustrated out of the party. Again Alao-Akala was the main beneficiary. Since then, in one of the most classical displays of political masochism ever seen in the Southwest, the repeatedly spurned Ladoja has kept up his unrequited infatuation with the party.
Let us, however, cut to the chase. Ladoja, who is obviously more polished than both the late strongman of the party and troubler of Oyo State, Alhaji Lamidi Adedibu, and the former governor, the happy-go-lucky Alao-Akala, has twice tried to worm his way back into the party, first before the 2011 polls, and then shortly before the PDP National Convention. On both occasions he met with grief. On the first occasion, he had to strike out on the lonely path of contesting on the platform of the Accord Party (AP), meeting with partial success and perhaps disappointing result. On the second occasion, he was spurned outrightly by the state and national leadership of the party in his attempt to be the party's national secretary.
Will the serial disappointment engineered by his opponents in the party make Ladoja to be disillusioned? It is doubtful. He is polished, but he does not appear to have the grit and that essential element of brutal detachment and Machiavellianism required to face down restlessly scheming and cynically unforgiving politicians like Obasanjo and Alao-Akala. Given his unending talks with the PDP, it must be assumed that the fatal attraction between the party and himself will continue for much longer than he cares to admit. Is he ever likely to overcome his enemies in that party? Not until the cows come home. But is he aware of the ineluctability of his fate in the PDP? Alas, he is too innocent to decipher the coded animosity of the party in the state, an animosity begun in the days of Adedibu, and apparently now inherited by the late strongman's flagrantly disputatious heirs.
But Obasanjo is rallying the dispirited troops of the Southwest PDP, and he would as soon lie in bed with a viper if it would serve his predetermined end than watch his party humiliated again. If Ladoja is being coaxed back into the PDP, it is not because they love him or even respect him; it is most likely because they need him. The Obasanjo troops are interested in winning the next elections in Oyo State, and they will gather every mercenary they can buy. But the victory they seek, as former governors Segun Oni, Olagunsoye Oyinlola, Gbenga Daniel and Alao-Akala demonstrated in their uninspiring years in power, will not be powered by ideology, or by the spirit of public service, or by lofty visions. If Ladoja needs advice, he should put the smart money on his Accord Party where his reputation, integrity and dignity can best be projected and protected. But if he yearns for fatal embrace, let him join the scheming crowd led by the swashbuckling Obasanjo.
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What Boko Haram and NADECO have in common
As we watched troubled President Goodluck Ebele Jonathan in his black kaftan with black cap behind the distraught emir of Kano last week, it was ... Full story


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Pain Management Health Center
Common Pains as You Age: Feel Better
An ache here, a cramp there. As your body ages, you may have more and new pains. There are things you can do to feel better.
In Your 30s
Headaches. Your 30s can be a hectic time of life. Stress at work and home is common at this age -- and can lead to headaches.
Sitting at a computer all day with your head in one position can strain your neck and cause your head to hurt, says Paul B. Langevin, MD, an anesthesiologist at Hahnemann University Hospital in Philadelphia.
The Fix. To relieve stress, try deep breathing exercises. Treat yourself to a gentle massage or a warm bath.
To ease head pain from sitting at a computer, "try stretching your neck muscles by turning your head to the right, then left," suggests Allen Towfigh, MD, a neurologist at New York-Presbyterian Hospital, "then gently trying to touch your ear to your shoulder in each direction."
A hot compress or over-the-counter pain medicine may also bring relief.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. Pain in your wrists and hands caused by pressure on the nerves in your wrist.
Your genes and past injuries can make you more likely to get carpal tunnel syndrome, but so can typing on keyboards, cell phones, tablets, and computer games, Langevin says.
The Fix. If you can, take a break from making the same motions over and over, like typing or texting.
Make sure your workspace is set up correctly. For example, while typing at a keyboard:
- Sit against the back of the chair with your shoulders relaxed.
- Keep your elbows at your side and your wrists straight.
- Plant your feet flat on the floor or on a footrest.
Also, try using a wrist brace. Physical therapy and exercises that build up hand and arm muscles can also help. See a doctor if it doesn't improve. Some people need surgery for this problem.
In Your 40s and 50s
Back Pain. As you age, stress on the spine from bad posture, a poor workplace set-up, and the wrong sleeping habits can all bring on lower back pain.


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This letter is in response to many recent U-B articles, editorials and letters to the editor that have appeared over the last few months. I, for one, am becoming weary of hearing the misrepresentations, half-truths and outright lies being leveled against the Rural Library District and the RLD Board by the Library Users Coalition and perpetuated by the U-B.
I believe the U-B is doing a disservice to our community through its false reporting and dissemination of misleading information to the public through its villainization of the Rural Library District and the RLD Board.
And, indeed, the U-B is guilty of poor reporting, which is one-sided, inaccurate and full of misrepresentations toward the RLD. If the U-B wants to report, it should at least send a reporter to cover the meetings to get first-hand information.
I attended the pivotal December meeting in Touchet. There was a reporter from the Waitsburg Times at the meeting and an extensive article in the next edition of that newspaper. It was very noticeable there was no reporter from the U-B and no corresponding article published.
Could the U-B not be bothered to send a reporter the 20 miles to Touchet? The Times reporter traveled twice as far (and it's a little paper)! I have also been to at least two other RLD Board meetings in Walla Walla, and I have never seen a U-B reporter there. This is unconscionable.
Apparently, the U-B doesn't take the effort to get accurate information by actually having a presence at RLD meetings. Instead, it prefers to get its "news" from folks like Dan Clark and the LUC, who are certainly not unbiased about this issue.
Actually, the issue at the core of this controversy is not about providing the best library services possible in Walla Walla County for all, though the LUC would like to make you believe so. The issue is that the LUC is basically trying to steal the money the Rural Library District has saved for nearly 40 years (for the purpose of expanding and improving library services in the rural areas). It wants this money to save its own city library.
The U-B has not reported on the motivations of the LUC or the underhanded and despicable means by which its members have tried to accomplish their goals. The U-B has been negligent in getting the whole story. This is shameful.
Kimberly Krutsch
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Drake – Nothing Was The Same (Album Tracklist)
Published On September 5, 2013 | HipHop
Drake releases the official tracklist for his highly anticipated album 'Nothing Was The Same'. The standard edition will come with 13 tracks and the deluxe will have 2 bonus records. So far it features Jay-Z, 2 Chainz, Big Sean, Detail and Majid Jordan but expect some more. The LP will be released on September 24th.
Check out the tracklist below.