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Originally written on Celtics Life | Last updated 2/15/13
In an earth shattering move, Miami Heat coach Erik Spoelstra has picked Chris Bosh to replace Rajon Rondo as all-star starter. Of just there's just a little sarcasm there, but it is an obnoxious choice. For those keeping track at home, the starters for the East this year are Kevin Garnett (6'11"), Chris Bosh (6'11"), Lebron James (6'8"), Carmelo Anthony (6'8") and Dwyane Wade (6'4"). Four big forwards and a guard. So much for getting rid of the center position. Sure, Spoelstra wants his guys to get all the accolades, but it also seems like Spo wants to coach a team at least once this year with some size. I know it's just an exhibition game and doesn't really matter, but come on, replacing a point guard with a near-seven-footer just flies in the face of logic. I'm sure Spo will play his guys all of five minutes then let the bench, Melo and KG put in all the effort. Follow Eric @ericblaisdell13
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Bill Gross thinks conditions are ripe for a liquidity crisis, and he points a finger at his old firm for its potential to be at the center of the storm.» Read More
In an article in today's Financial Times, Portuguese finance Minister Fernando Teixeira dos Santos was discussing the implications of the current simultaneous credit crises in Greece, Portugal, and Ireland.
In reference to the broader framework of the problems faced in Europe today he said the following:
Despite a huge program by the Federal Reserve intended to provide monetary stimulus to the economy, Nouriel Roubini doesn't think we need to worry about inflation.
In fact, he argues that people who take the position that the Fed should curtail its easing policies do not really understand inflation.
In the first two parts of my interview with economist Nouriel Roubini we discussed two issues: Why Professor Roubini believes a gold standard is no longer a viable option for modern economies, and second why monetary easing is a necessary evil .
So let's take a deeper look at Roubini's theory of inflation.
Let's begin with what seems to be the principal conclusion of Roubini's argument. Simply put: "Inflation is not the problem."
Why does he believe that to be true?
You remember those frightening videos of the McDonald's hamburgers that sat on a plate in the open air for weeks and weeks but never rotted?
Well, it turns out that a lot of people were drawing exactly the wrong conclusion from the videos. Far from demonstrating that there was something queer about a McDonald's hamburger—too much salt, too many preservatives, genetic modifications—the video was demonstrating that a McDonald's burger is pretty much like any other burger.
First, for those of you who haven't seen it yet, here's the one of the more famous McDonald's hamburger videos.
At half past noon today,NASA is scheduled to hold a press conference to discuss the discovery of "an exceptional object in our cosmic neighborhood."
Now that object is likely just an inanimate thingy hurtling through space. But what if it is something else entirely—a spacecraft containing extraterrestrial biological entities. You know, aliens.
What's the trade on First Contact with aliens? My initial thoughts turn on two subjects—tech companies and minerals.
Let's start with tech. It seems likely that any extraterrestrial biological entities—EBEs, for short—capable of reaching the earth would be technologically far more advanced than us. This could undermine existing tech giants that depend on trademarked technology to generate profits. Their tech could rapidly become outdated once EBE tech is introduced. So, we guess, short big tech in case of First Contact.
Last week we noted that opponents of MERS are already gearing up to fight what they see as a government rescue of the fraud-enabling database banks used to facilitate mortgage transfers as part of the securitization process.
Although there's not yet any explicit campaign underway to lift the threat of catastrophic legal risk to MERS, at least some of the opposition is convinced a legislative rescue is underway.
What's more, they are convinced that without Congressional action, MERS would not only lose its credibility—but would be snuffed out altogether by the judiciary.
Let's start by saying that we're not convinced that courts will destroy MERS. Even though it has suffered some legal setbacks, it has a long history of satisfying courts about its legitimacy. What's more, courts are much more practical than they are often given credit for. It seems unlikely that they'd throw such a vast and important part of the financial system—3 out of five mortgages in the US are part of MERS—into chaos.
Congress is back in session this week and there are two weighty issues for them to tackle: whether to extend the Bush tax cuts and the deficit reduction from the President's bipartisan National Commission on Fiscal Responsibility and Reform. The political rhetoric has already heated up. Fingers are pointing and heels are being dug into slippery slopes.
If Americans were "sending a message to Washinton" in the midterm elections, the message has been scrambled. The conservative Tea Partying wing of the GOP, believing Americans have voted for change, read it as a message for smaller government, less spending, and smaller deficits. Others say voters were demanding government solutions to unemployment. Still others think Americans were just voting against Wall Street.
One of my close contacts who knows very well the process in which tough economic decisions are made and the ramifications of standing his ground is Larry Lindsey, President and Chief Executive Officer of The Lindsey Group. Lindsey, a former director of the National Economic Council and assistant to the president on economic policy for the U.S. President George W. Bush, was one of the key players in Bush's $1.35 trillion tax cut plan. He called it an "insurance policy" against an economic downturn. Lindsey left the White House in December of 2002 after he estimated the price tag of the Iraq war could reach $200 billion.
Even though Lindsey left "politics" doesn't mean his economic opinons aren't sought out. The Obama White House contacted Lindsey to get his original thoughts on the $800 billion stimulus package. He told them the size of the package was right, but the allocation of where the money would be spent was not. Lindsey called the results of the stimulus an"absolute disaster" because the money appropriated went to areas that had little benefit to the economy or job-creation.
Goldman Delayed in Attempt to Repay Buffet?(CNBC via Reuters) Goldman Sachs has apparently hit a snag with the Fed in its bid to repay Berkshire Hathaway's $5 billion investment. The delay may be related to the Fed's unwillingness to allow Goldman to make adjustments to its capital levels before allowing other banks the same opportunity. Goldman Sachs is paying a burdensome 10 percent annually on the debt — and would presumably wish to replace it with funding at a better rate, now that the debt markets have unfrozen and financing costs have dropped dramatically.
The latest issue of Rolling Stone is out with a devastating portrait by Matt Taibbi of the foreclosure process in Florida . If it pierces the public consciousness the way Taibbi's articles on AIG and Goldman Sachs did, it could be a game-changer.
The set-up is pretty simple. Taibbi goes down to Florida and sits in on one of the make-shift foreclosure courts Florida has set up to deal with the enormous volume of foreclosure cases in the state. It's really just a small conference room run by a formerly retired judge who has been brought on to speed through foreclosures.
Taibbi discovers far worse than sloppy paperwork on the part of banks—although he discovers plenty of that too. He discovers that the foreclosure process is heavily skewed to favor the banks. If a homeowner doesn't show up to defend himself or herself, the judge issues the foreclosure order. If the bank fails to send a representative, he just pushes back the date. When a bank submits a trail of ownership of the mortgage note that makes no sense, it just comes back later with a different set of ownership documents.
The backlash over Amazon selling "The Pedophile's Guide to Love and Pleasure" shows no signs of dying down, even after the company apparently pulled the controversial book from circulation.
CNBC has obtained links from child safety organizations who have searched the website on what would be considered more morally reprehensible content.
General Motors IPO Oversubscribed—By a Six Fold (CNBC via Reuters) There is once again something to feel good about in Detroit: Investors submitted orders for $60 billion of GM common stock—although General Motors only filed with regulators to sell about $10 billion in equity. The article goes on to say: " The robust demand suggests that GM's IPO will likely price around the top end of the $26 to $29 per share range and that the full overallotment option—additional shares underwriters can sell to help stabilize the stock after it begins trading—will be exercised, the sources said." Is it too late to hope that the old adage "What's good for General Motors is good for the country" still holds true?
Nobel Prize-winning economist Robert Shiller says that his key valuation indicator is flashing warning signs.
The Fed is in the early stages of an analysis on changes in bond market liquidity, amid signs that liquidity may be less resilient than in past.
Janus Capital acquired a majority interest in Kapstream Capital and said Kapstream's Palghat will support Bill Gross as co-portfolio manager of the Janus Global Unconstrained Bond strategy.

subset: commoncrawl


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The 32-year-old was driving an articulated lorry when it was stopped by police on Monday as part of routine cargo checks as it arrived in the port of Bari on the Adriatic sea.
The lorry was searched as it disembarked from a British ship in the port after travelling from Greece.
Officers uncovered 41kg of "high purity" heroin inside cardboard boxes of breadsticks, produced by a Greek company and bound for Lancashire.
The Scots driver was taken into custody alongside another 42-year-old man, believed to be Irish, following the raid.
In a statement, the Guardia di Finanza said the drugs had value of more than €20m (£16m).
A spokesman for the Foreign Office said: "We can confirm the arrest of two British nationals on November 26 in Bari, Italy."


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New Report on Congress demands Reform, or so says Public Citizen by Mitch E. Perry
Last week Ohio Representative Bob Ney pleaded guilty to corruption charges arising from the influence-peddling investigation of lobbyist Jack Abramoff. He because the firs elected official to fall in the Abramoff scandal. Earlier this year California Republican Randy ââ¬ÅDuke ââ¬Å Cunningham was sentenced to 8 years in prison after pleading guilty to accepting over 2 million dollars in bribes.
And according to the authors of a new study looking at Congress, our current political system is designed to allow for such abuses.
Today a comprehensive report from the Washington based group Public Citizen tallied the amount of contributions that every member of the House and Senate has accepted from lobbyists, political action committees and out of state donors, as well as percentage of contributions from large versus small donors.
Joan Claybrook is the President of Public Citizen (roll tape#1 o.q.â�and harder for them to climb out of debtâ�)
In Public Citizens rankings, the highest Florida Representative listed is South Florida Republican Clay Shaw, listed as 20th in the entire Congress. Next on the list is Orlando area Congressman Tom Feeney, while Pinellas Countyââ¬â¢s Bill Young comes in at 86.
In terms of funding received from out of state, only 11 members of the House of Representatives more money than Sarasota area Congresswoman and now GOP Senate candidate Katherine Harris.
Public Citizen says they have the solution to this situation. Itââ¬â¢s called public Funding of national campaigns. Again, itââ¬â¢s President, Joan Claybrook (roll tape#2 o.q. ââ¬Åspeaking with constituentsââ¬?)
Claybrook says that is not unprecedented to go to public financing. Arizona and Maine currently do this, and North Carolina has begun doing that for Judicial appellate races.
When asked what would the incentive be for politicians to forgo the current system of raising money to go to the public system, Joan Claybrook said itââ¬â¢s a boon for local candidates (roll tape#3 o.q.ââ¬?and the large donorsââ¬?)
For more information on the report, go to citizen.orgcomments powered by Disqus


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Doink the Clown suing WWE
As some of you may already know, WWE has been battling a handful of lawsuits against former performers who are claiming that their health are at risk because of what the company put them through. You can add Doink the Clown to the list now. The family of the deceased star has filed a lawsuit in Dallas against World Wrestling Entertainment.
June 26, 2015
Bellator contacts Lesnar
The contract between Brock Lesnar and WWE does not expire until after Wrestlemania is over. However, that is not stopping Bellator from starting their pursuit of the former NCAA wrestling champion. Scott Coker confirmed through a recent interview that he has already made contact with Lesnar. In order to prevent a potential tampering lawsuit, Coker also made sure to mention that there was no negotiations taking place during the talks.
December 26, 2014


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An improved suction and irrigation system for debriding a tract wound includes a suction and irrigation handpiece and a dual lumen suction and irrigation tip that is removably connectible to the handpiece. The tip has a flexible shaft and a connector for connecting the shaft to the handpiece. The flexibility of the shaft facilitates advancement of the shaft to the deepest part of the tract wound while also limiting further trauma to the wound.
1. A tract wound irrigation tip comprising:
an elongate flexible shaft having a proximal end, a distal end, a suction lumen and an irrigation lumen, the suction and irrigation lumens extending through the shaft and being open at the distal end of the shaft;
a connector at the proximal end of the shaft for connecting the suction lumen to a source of suction and the irrigation lumen to a source of liquid under pressure;
the shaft being sufficiently longitudinally flexible to be bendable along its length, including its distal end, to a radius at least as small as about ⅝ inch without kinking, whereby the tip may be navigated through a tract wound to effect irrigation of the tract wound.
2. The wound irrigation tip as defined in
3. The wound irrigation tip as defined in
4. The wound irrigation tip as defined in
the distal end of the irrigation lumen defining an outlet nozzle configured to emit liquid in a conical pattern.
5. The wound irrigation tip as defined in
6. The wound irrigation tip as defined in
7. The wound irrigation tip as defined in
8. The wound irrigation tip comprising:
an elongate flexible shaft having a proximal end, a distal end, and suction and irrigation lumens extending through the shaft;
a connector at the proximal end of the shaft for connection of the irrigation lumen to a liquid pressure source;
the irrigation lumen terminating at its distal end at an outlet, the geometry and dimensions of the irrigation lumen and outlet being configured so that the stagnation pressure of liquid emitted from the outlet is at a selected magnitude under the influence of a predetermined liquid inlet pressure;
the shaft being sufficiently flexible to enable it to bend through at least an angle of 90� without any substantial drop in the stagnation pressure of the emitted liquid.
9. The tract wound irrigation tip as defined in
10. The wound irrigation tip comprising:
an elongate flexible shaft having a proximal end, a distal end and suction and irrigation lumens extending through the shaft, the shaft being between about four to about sixteen inches long, having an outer diameter of about 9 French to about 18 French, a modulus of elasticity between about 1,000 p.s.i. to about 2,000 p.s.i., a specific gravity between about 1.05 grams per cc to about 1.25 grams per cc and a durometer between about 70 Shore A to about 90 Shore A;
the area defined by the lumens comprising between about 30% to about 60% of the cross-sectional area of the shaft.
11. The tract wound irrigation tip as defined in
12. A device for irrigating and aspirating a tract wound comprising:
a tract wound irrigation tip as defined in either of claims 1 or 10;
a handpiece having a suction lumen and an irrigation lumen associated therewith;
a connector on the handpiece detachably connectible to the connector at the proximal end of the shaft for cooperatively connecting the suction and irrigation lumens of the shaft and the handpiece; and
the handpiece having control elements operatively associated with its irrigation lumen to control flow of irrigation liquid to the shaft.
13. The device as defined in
14. A method for irrigating a tract wound comprising:
providing an elongate flexible shaft having a proximal end, a distal end, a suction lumen and an irrigation lumen, the suction and irrigation lumens extending through the shaft and being open at the distal end of the shaft; and
advancing the flexible shaft into and through the tract wound, the shaft being sufficiently flexible to enable it to bend through/at least an angle of 90� at a radius at least as small as five-eighths of an inch without adversely affecting the functioning of the lumens.
15. The method as defined in
advancing the shaft to place its distal extremity at the distal end of the tract wound to enable liquid emitted from the distal end of the shaft to be directed at the distal end of the wound.
This invention relates to systemic irrigation of a tract wound.
A tract wound is an externally accessible, elongated wound in the soft tissue of the body, often the result of a progressively developing infection. When the skin is broken, as by a cut or an external ulcer, and infection develops, the infection can proliferate randomly through the tissue to form a bending, tortuous tunnel. Tract wounds are a common post-surgery complication, particularly after open-chest surgery. It is important that a tract wound be debrided with an antiseptic solution promptly upon discovery to prevent the infection from spreading so that the wound can heal. Tract wounds also are common with patients having poor circulation, hepatitis, AIDS or other conditions in which the patient's ability to overcome the infection is subnormal.
Tract wounds typically are treated by physical therapists. Among the procedures for treating tract wounds involves simply bathing the patient in a whirlpool bath. That procedure is generally ineffective, particularly with relatively deep tract wounds, because the bath water usually cannot reach the deepest part of the wound where infectious material resides and can proliferate.
In another procedure, intended to treat the deep region of the wound a rigid elongate tip of a bulb syringe, filled with irrigation liquid, is inserted into the tract wound and is advanced until significant resistance is felt by the therapist. The resistance may suggest to the therapist that the tip is positioned at the deepest part of the wound. The bulb then is squeezed to force irrigation liquid into the tract wound. Debris and spent irrigation liquid may be withdrawn through the rigid tip when the bulb expands.
In still another similar irrigation procedure, a rigid tip having suction and irrigation lumens is advanced through the tract wound until significant resistance is felt. Irrigation liquid then may be delivered from an external reservoir, through the irrigation lumen into the wound. The suction lumen is connected to a suction source to simultaneously withdraw debris and spent irrigation liquid from the wound.
Although a significant improvement over the whirlpool procedure, the latter procedures may not effectively remove infectious material and other debris from the deep regions of a tortuous tract wound because the stiff tip cannot be maneuvered past the sharp bends. Resistance to tip advancement caused by the bends may be mistaken by the therapist to indicate that the tip is positioned at the deepest part of the wound. Consequently, infectious debris may remain in the deepest region of the wound, enabling the infection to proliferate and make the wound even deeper. Another difficulty with the use of the above tips is that the interior walls of a tortuous tract wound may be further traumatized when the tip is forced through the wound. Moreover, where the patient usually is awake during such procedures, such trauma may cause significant discomfort.
It would be desirable to provide an irrigation device and procedure that may effectively debride the deeper parts of a tract wound, including tortuous wounds. It also would be desirable for that device to be used without causing further tissue trauma and discomfort to the patient. It is among the overall objects of the invention to provide such a devices and methods.
The invention includes an elongate, flexible suction and irrigation tip, about four about sixteen inches long, constructed to facilitate advancement to the deepest part of a tortuous tract wound. To that end, the tip includes a flexible shaft having a suction lumen, an irrigation lumen, and a connector to detachably connect the tip to a handpiece. The material and geometry of the shaft cooperate to enable the tip to be navigated to the deepest part of a tortuous tract wound without kinking or otherwise adversely affecting flow through the lumens. The flexible shaft is formed to bend to a small radius without adversely affecting flow through either lumen.
In those instances, when a rigid tip is desirable, a rigid obturator may be inserted into the suction lumen through the proximal end of the tip, and the assembly of tip and obturator may be inserted into the tract wound. After the tip has been positioned in the wound, the obturator is removed from the tip suction lumen. The tip then is connected, at its proximal end, to the handpiece. The obturator also may be inserted into the suction lumen through the distal end to clear obstructions that may develop within the suction lumen.
It is among the general objects of the invention to provide an irrigation and debridement device that facilitates advancement to the deepest part of a tract wound, including, particularly a tract wound having a tortuous path.
It is among the general objects of the invention to provide an irrigation and debridement device and method that efficiently removes infectious debris from a tract wound.
It is another object of the invention to provide an irrigation and debridement device and method for tract wounds that is less likely to cause discomfort to a patient than the prior devices.
The foregoing and other objects and advantages of the invention will be appreciated more fully from the following further description thereof, with reference to the accompanying drawings wherein:
FIG. 1 is an illustration of a suction and irrigation system in accordance with the invention;
FIG. 2 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the tip as seen along the line 2—2 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a rear view of the suction and irrigation tip as seen from 3—3 of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-section of the distal end of the tip shown in FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a front view of the suction and irrigation tip as seen from 5—5 of FIG. 2;
FIGS. 6A, 6B and 6C are diagrammatic illustrations of a tortuous tract wound showing placement of a prior art device and of the invention in the wound; and
FIG. 7 is perspective view of a flexible tip having depth indicia and a splash shield.
FIG. 1 shows a system for irrigating and aspirating a tract wound, including a deep, tortuous wound W as illustrated diagrammatically in FIG. 6. The tract wound typically may have a transverse dimension of three millimeters to six millimeters, the larger wounds typically having remained untreated for a longer period of time. The wound may be up to about six to eight inches deep, or more, depending on a number of factors. The system includes a reservoir 10 containing irrigation liquid, such as saline. The reservoir is connected by tubing 16 that extends to and is associated with a handpiece 20 by which the delivery of irrigation liquid can be controlled. The handpiece 20 also is associated with tubing 18 that is connectible to a source of suction (not shown). The handpiece is detachably connectible to an elongate tip 24 that is adapted to be inserted into the tract wound. The tip 24 includes two lumens that extend the full length of the tip, including an irrigation lumen through which irrigation liquid is delivered and a suction lumen through which spent irrigation liquid and biological debris can be aspirated from the tract wound.
Although the handpiece 20 may take any desired configuration, the invention is illustrated in connection with a preferred handpiece such as that disclosed in co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/389,155 filed Feb. 5, 1995 (Pasch et al.), the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference. As disclosed in further detail in that application, the handpiece includes a self-contained pump mechanism, batteries for driving the pump mechanism and a control system for controlling the flow of liquid through the system. The handpiece 20 may be somewhat pistol shaped and has a connector fitting 22 at one end that can be detachably coupled to a fitting 26 on the proximal end of the tip 24.The connector fitting 22 includes a suction port 23 and an irrigation port 27 that mate with corresponding suction and irrigation ports 25, 29 on the tip fitting 26. The fittings 22, 26 are constructed to communicate irrigation liquid to the irrigation lumen in the tip and suction to the suction lumen of the tip. Reference is made to the application Ser. No. 08/389,155 for the details of the fittings 22, 26. The handpiece 20 includes a trigger 32 that, when squeezed, closes electrical contacts within the handpiece to initiate operation of the pumping mechanism (not shown) within the handpiece. The pumping mechanism preferably is constructed to develop a pulsatile liquid stream.
As shown in FIG. 2, the tip 24 includes a flexible shaft 34, preferably extruded from a low durometer (e.g., 85 Shore-A) plasticized polyvinyl chloride. The shaft 34 is extended to form a suction lumen 38 and a parallel irrigation lumen 40 that extend side by side within the shaft. The tip suction lumen 38 preferably is circular in cross-section to maximize its flow area to reduce the risk of it becoming clogged with debris from the wound. The cross-section of the irrigation lumen 40 is not as critical and may be semi-circular or crescent-shaped. The irrigation lumen 40 may have a smaller cross-sectional flow area that can be compensated for by increasing the inlet pressure at the inlet end of the lumen 40. The shaft 34 also includes a plurality of suction holes 64 and 66, a rounded, atraumatic distal end 50 to minimize trauma to the wound as the tip 24 is advanced through the tract wound, and a liquid outlet nozzle at the distal end of the shaft for emitting irrigation liquid from the irrigation lumen 40.
In the preferred embodiment, the connector 22 includes male suction and irrigation ports 25 and 29 that are insertable into the suction and irrigation ports 23 and 27 on the handpiece fitting 22. The fitting 26 also includes a clip 46 to detachably connect to a depending lip 48 on the fitting 22. In order to avoid unnecessary bends in the suction lumen 38, the tip fitting 26 is formed to include a chamber 60 that surrounds the proximal end of the shaft 34 so that the shaft can pass straight through the chamber to the suction ports 23. The chamber 60 communicates with the irrigation ports 25 and the irrigation lumen 40 through a liquid port 62 formed in that portion of the shaft disposed within the chamber 60; When connected to the handpiece 20, the tip suction lumen 38, suction ports 25, and suction lumen associated with the handpiece define a flow path for directing aspirated debris and spent irrigation liquid from the wound. Similarly, the tip irrigation lumen 40, irrigation ports 25, irrigation lumen associated with the handpiece, and liquid delivery tube 16 together form a flow path for directing irrigation liquid from the reservoir to the tract wound.
The suction holes 64 and 66 include an end hole 64 at the distal end of the tip and three longitudinally spaced side holes 66 formed through the wall of the shaft 34. The multiple holes distribute the suction over a large area to produce a gentle suction at each of the holes 64 and 66. That reduces the likelihood that the shaft 34 will undesirably attach to body tissue. In the event that one or more of the suction holes 64 and 66 becomes clogged with debris, the strength of the aspiration through the remaining holes will increase proportionally. In the preferred embodiment, the end hole 64 may have a diameter of about 0.09 inch, and the three longitudinally aligned holes 66 may be elliptically shaped, having a major dimension of about 0.170 inch, and a minor dimension of about 0.150 inch.
As shown in FIG. 4, the outlet orifice 47 may be configured to emit irrigation liquid in a conical spray pattern to maximize the area of the tract wound that is debrided. Preferably, the stagnation pressure of emitted irrigation liquid from the tip is up to about 15 p.s.i., that being the generally accepted standard maximum stagnation pressure for wound treatment. Of course, when the device is used, the therapist may adjust the pump pressure to control and vary the stagnation pressure to accommodate the particular clinical situation. The preferred conical pattern and stagnation pressure may be achieved with an outlet nozzle having a cylindrical lumen 68,and a conical emission orifice 70. In the preferred embodiment, the cylindrical lumen 68 may have a diameter of about 0.035 inch. The frustoconical orifice 70 diverges at an angle of about 20� diameter of about 0.045 inch. The device is used in connection with a pump, preferably pulsatile, that can develop a stagnation pressure of the emitted irrigation liquid of up to about 15 p.s.i.
The shaft 34 is constructed so that it has sufficient column strength to permit it to be pushed from its proximal end into and through the tract wound in combination with sufficient longitudinal flexibility so that it can conform to bends, including bends of a tortuous tract wound. A representative tortuous tract wound W is shown in FIG. 6A having an entry segment 71 leading from the skin and following an unpredictable path through the patient's tissue. FIG. 6A illustrates the random configuration of the tract wound, including relatively straight segments as well as bends, some of which may be relatively sharp, of the order of 20� or as much as about 90�. Additionally, it should be understood that although FIG. 6A necessarily is two dimensional, tract wounds are not so limited and proliferate in three dimensions. FIG. 6B shows, diagrammatically, the consequences of inserting a conventional tract wound irrigator having a relatively stiff construction. The irrigator 72 may advance into the relatively straight portion at the entry end of the wound. It may encounter relatively gradual bends, as shown at B1, in FIG. 6A and may be advanceable past through such bends by forcing tissue out of the way as suggested at W1 in FIG. 6B. When a relatively sharp bend is encountered, as suggested at B2 in FIG. 6B, it may not be possible to continue advancement of the tip. The abutment of the distal end 74 of the tip with the bend B2 in the wound W may be taken, mistakenly, by the therapist as an indication that the deepest part of the wound has been reached. Consequently, the more distal portions of the tortuous tract wound may remain essentially untreated. Should the therapist attempt to force the tip further, that likely would result in significant trauma and patient discomfort.
In contrast with the prior art devices, the present invention enables the shaft of the tip to be advanced through the tortuous tract wound W, the shaft being sufficiently flexible to bend without causing significant trauma or pain for the patient. In the above example, when advancing the present invention through the wound W to the bend B2, the therapist may continue to push on the proximal end of the shaft even after the distal end has contacted the first significant bend B2 at which advancement of the prior art device 72 may have been terminated. The shaft embodied in the present invention is sufficiently flexible so that even after the tip has engaged a wall of a sharp bend B2, the shaft will tend to flex to conform to the configuration of the bend. In some instances, the therapist may apply a combination of longitudinal and rotational motion to facilitate the distal end of the shaft following the configuration of the wound W. In that manner, the device can be advanced and navigated through a tortuous tract wound to increase the probability that the distal end of the device will reach fully to the deepest part of the tract wound.
In accordance with the invention, the shaft 34 preferably is manufactured from a relatively soft, flexible polymeric material, such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC. Other suitable polymers may be used. The shaft is between about four to sixteen inches in length, having an outer transverse cross-sectional dimension of between about 9 and 18 French (i.e. 0.117 to 0.234 inch). The balance between the amount of the cross-sectional area of the shaft that comprises polymer and lumen is a significant factor in the ability of the device to perform satisfactorily with tortuous tract wounds. Preferably, the cross-sectional area defined by the suction and irrigation lumens should comprise between about 30 to 60 percent of the total cross-sectional area of the shaft., The shaft materials should have a durometer of between about 70-90 Shore-A, a modulus of elasticity of between about 1,000-2,000 p.s.i., and a specific gravity of between about 1.05-1.35 grams per cubic centimeter. More preferably, the shaft should have a durometer on the order of about 85 Shore-A, a modulus of elasticity on the order of about 1,500-1,600 p.s.i., and a specific gravity on the order of about 1.1-1.25 grams per cubic centimeter.
The shaft preferably has the ability to bend to a minimum radius without kinking to adversely affect flow through the lumens. The geometry, material and dimensions of the tip are such that the desired stagnation pressure can be maintained under the influence of a predetermined liquid inlet pressure even when the tip is bent. Preferably, the shaft is sufficiently flexible so that it can bend through at least an angle of about 90� without any substantial drop in the stagnation pressure of the emitted liquid. Such bending radius may vary from about one-quarter inch for a 9 French shaft (0.117 inch) to about five-eighths inch for an 18 French (0.234 inch) shaft.
In some cases, it may be desirable to have the ability to stiffen the tip. To that end, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 7, the system also may include a relatively rigid obturator 78 that is insertable into the proximal end of the tip suction lumen 38. The obturator 78, which may be made from a rigid polymer such as polycarbonate, preferably has a cross-sectional diameter slightly less than that of the suction lumen 38 so that it will be easily slidable through the shaft. By way of example, for use with a suction lumen 0.090 inches in diameter, an obturator having a diameter of about 0.070 inch and a length about one inch longer than that of the tip (e.g., about five to seventeen inches). With the obturator assembled with the tip, the assembly can be advanced and manipulated, as desired, into and through the tract wound. The obturator may be partially or fully withdrawn to permit a portion or all of the shaft to have its desired flexibility. When the device has been placed with the assistance of the obturator and its placement is complete, the obturator may be removed and the fitting 26 connected to the fitting 22 on the handpiece. The irrigation and aspiration procedure then may be completed. The obturator 78 also may be inserted into the distal end of the suction lumen to remove blockage through that lumen.
FIG. 7 also shows visual indicia 80, on the outer surface of the shaft 34, that indicates the depth to which the shaft 34 has been inserted into the tract wound. This indicia 80 preferably is graduated in one centimeter increments. A radiopaque stripe (not shown) also may be longitudinally extruded on the outer surface of the shaft 34 to enable the shaft 34 to be visible under x-rays.
In a modified embodiment, a flexible splash shield 82 (FIG. 7) is slidably mounted to the shaft 34 to reduce splash back from the tract wound. The splash shield 82 includes a proximal collar 84 and a conical body 86 that diverges in a distal direction to a distal rim 87. A plurality of circumferential ridges (e.g., three, not shown) may be included on the inner surface of the shield 82 to serve as cutting guides for cutting the shield 82. Vent holes 88 formed in the side of the shield 82 prevent the shield 82 from collapsing under suction and also enable air to mix with the debris aspirated from the site to avoid stagnation of debris within the shield 82. The shield 82 may be made from a flexible, substantially clear plastic that may be shaped during use to conform to the shape and contour of the irrigation site.
When in use, the irrigation system is assembled by connecting the tip 24 to the handpiece 20, the flexible suction tube connector 30 to a suction source, and the flexible liquid delivery tubing 16 between the handpiece irrigation lumen 28 and the reservoir 10. After assembly, the tip 24 is inserted into the tract wound and slowly advanced through the tract wound toward the deepest part of the wound. The internal walls of the tract wound guide the tip 24 through the path of the tract wound. When resistance is felt, the therapist may gently rotate the handpiece 20 and apply slightly more longitudinal force to ascertain whether the resistance is caused by either a bend in the wound or the deepest part of the wound. The tip 24 should be advanced further if the therapist determines that the resistance is caused by a bend. The shaft may bend and flex easily, thus facilitating advancement to the deepest parts of even a tortuous tract wound. Once the tip 24 is properly positioned in the tract wound, the attendant may depress the handpiece trigger 32 to pump irrigation liquid into the wound and aspirate spent irrigation liquid, infection, biological matter, and other debris from the wound. Both the tip 24 and handpiece 20 should be discarded after use.
From the foregoing, it should be appreciated that the invention provides an improved suction and irrigation device for use in debriding tract wounds. The system should debride a tortuous tract wound more efficiently and with less wound trauma than prior art tract wound debridement devices. It should be understood, however, that the foregoing description of the invention is intended merely to be illustrative thereof and that other embodiments and modifications may be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from its spirit.
Patent Citations
Non-Patent Citations
Referenced by
Legal Events
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BattleTanks II is a combination action/strategy tank combat game where you can battle against up to 3 other teams of computer-controlled tanks, in one of 5 unique battlefields. BattleTanks II features three tank types to choose from, each with their own strengths and weaknesses. There are many ways to win a war in BattleTanks II. If you like being the commander of your army, you can sit back away from the action, directing your army's actions strategically. However, if you prefer action, there's nothing stopping you from helping your tanks out and join the fight. You can make sneak attacks, massive assaults, try weakening your enemy with artillery, and much more. John Judnich is the creator of this game.
Hi there. In case you are wondering who I am; I am the guy who a few years back decided that Battletanks 2 should be added to ModDB.com, and added it...
A new face shows, and brings brand new content to the table.
I have started to release maps to the Battletankd community! The game lacks a large amount of maps, which I am going to change!
Carlos Alberto Gisch once again shows off his modding talent with new content brought to the table.
It's time for another update to get the gears going again. The modding community must be a litle more productive...We got to keep this game alive.
The progress has been slow, but we aren't dead. Once I can, I'll be updating the game again. Rebel has been progressing forward, but at a slow rate.
New maps, tanks, and a small tutorial from John Judnich.
BattleTanksII is now active again, expect more cookies along the way.


text:
Create a web site that works across multiple browsers and devices with Adobe Dreamweaver CS6.
Learn how to use media queries and the new Fluid Grid Layout feature in Dreamweaver to create a single web site that delivers different layouts to desktops, tablets, and other mobile devices.
Discover how to build web sites, web applications, and prototypes in Dreamweaver CS6.
"What I'm learning will save me a lot of time and frustration on current and future projects." —Linda J.
more from our members »


text:
Members of the media seeking comment from the Foundation or to interview a MacArthur staff person, should email Andy Solomon or call MacArthur Public Affairs at (312) 917-3690.
In the MediaRSS
October 4, 2011 - Press Release
Coral Collapse Preventable With Newly Identified Process
Using data from coral reef systems across the western Indian Ocean, MacArthur grantee Wildlife Conservation Society and others have identified how overfishing creates a series of big changes on reefs that precipitate a final collapse. Read More
September 29, 2011 - Press Release
Engaging the Public Domain
The International Journal of Learning and Media devoted an entire issue to the changing relationships between learning and media across a wide range of forms and settings. Read More
September 28, 2011 - Press Release
MacArthur Awards Documentary Film Grants
Following an open call for applications, MacArthur awarded a total of $1.23 million to eight documentary film projects. Read More
September 20, 2011 - Press Release
22 New MacArthur Fellows Announced
Working across a broad spectrum of endeavors, the Fellows were selected for their creativity, originality, and potential to make important contributions in the future. Read More
September 15, 2011 - Press Release
Digital Media & Learning Competition Provides $2 Million for Innovations in Digital Badges
Digital badges can be used to help people learn; demonstrate their skills and knowledge; unlock job, education and civic opportunities, and open new pipelines to talent. Read More
September 7, 2011 - Press Release
MacArthur Commits $176 Million to Conservation and Sustainable Development, Shares New Strategy
MacArthur announced a new $176-million, ten-year commitment to conservation and sustainable development and a new, broader strategy. Read More
August 24, 2011 - Press Release
Law and Neuroscience Network Expands at Vanderbilt
Vanderbilt University has been awarded a $4.85 million grant from the MacArthur Foundation to manage the newly established MacArthur Foundation Research Network on Law and Neuroscience. Read More
August 12, 2011 - Press Release
Map on Coral Reef Systems Bolsters Conservation Efforts
Working in collaboration with other organizations, the Wildlife Conservation Society mapped coral systems and their exposure to stress factors. Read More
August 2, 2011 - Press Release
Four CDFIs Vie for $8.25 Million in Awards for Responsible Financing Strategies
The Wachovia Wells Fargo NEXT Awards for Opportunity Finance offers the awards in partnership with MacArthur. Read More
July 7, 2011 - Press Release
Research on Benefits of Medicaid Enrollment
New research finds that expanding low-income adults' access to Medicaid substantially increases health care use, reduces financial strain on covered individuals, and improves their self-reported health and well-being. Read More


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Airway clearance and exercise are an important part of the treatment for people with CF. Getting rid of the excess mucous that builds up in your lungs must be regularly scheduled into each day. A build up of mucous can lead to increased lung infections, decreased lung function, shortness of breath, decreased activity level, and more frequent hospitalizations.
Methods and Procedures
There are a number of ways to clear mucous from your lungs. Many of these are performed right after you have used your bronchodilator or other respiratory medicine. Which one is right for you? That depends on several factors, such as how you respond to therapies, your lifestyle, your physical condition, what devices are available to you, and your preferences. This section will review some airway clearance options that you may consider.
The methods described here are intended only as general information
The "best" therapy differs from person to person, and your treatments should be customized to meet your specific needs as determined by your physiotherapist. If you use any mechanical device or apparatus, look to the manufacturer's instructions for general treatment options and advice on how to maintain your equipment.
Conventional Postural Drainage with Percussion
Conventional postural drainage with percussion (PD&P), sometimes called clapping, is the original method of lung clearance. Postural drainage involves placing the patient in a downward position that allows gravity to help move the mucous from the small airways to the larger airways (six to twelve positions are usually used, depending on the area of the lung you are draining). While the patient is in a postural drainage position, percussion is done on the chest wall anywhere from three to ten minutes to aid in dislodging the mucous. Vibrating the hands on the chest while the person is breathing out is also incorporated into the treatment, which helps to move mucous further into the larger airways. Finally, the person sits up and performs huffing exercises and effective coughing to help clear the loosened mucous. The treatment is divided into two or three daily sessions. It usually requires the help of another person, but some adult patients can do it alone by using a mechanical percussor.
Autogenic Drainage
Autogenic (self) drainage (AD) is a method that uses controlled breathing to move the mucous out of your lungs. It does not need any equipment and you can do it by yourself. With this method, you are taught to breathe at three specific lung volumes. The first begins with low lung volume to "unstick" the mucous deep in your lungs. From there, you move to mid lung volume to "collect" the mucous that loosened in the first stage. In the last stage, you use high lung volume to "expel" (remove) the mucous.
With AD, it's important to adjust how fast you breathe out at each level so that you reduce airway compression (tightening) when exhaling. The goal is to achieve a mucous "rattle" rather than a whistling "wheeze," which would mean your airways are getting tight. Perfecting an AD technique needs training and frequent review. It can be a good method for people who can concentrate well and are healthy enough not to become overly tired while performing it. This method can also be adjusted somewhat for people with poor lung function.
Positive Expiratory Pressure
Positive expiratory pressure (PEP) is a form of chest physical therapy that
uses a device consisting of a mask or a mouthpiece, and a one-way valve with a
resistor attached to the expiratory outlet. When performing PEP Therapy, you
breathe in and out through the device approximately 15 times/cycle. Breathing
out creates a positive pressure (back pressure) in your airways, which helps
open small airways and air sacs deep in the lungs. These small airways and air
sacs might otherwise remain closed because of mucous blockage.
When learning PEP Therapy, you first learn relaxed abdominal breathing.
Breathing through the PEP device should be slightly active, meaning you will
have to use some force. However, you don't have to use the same amount of force
as you do with your Pulmonary Function tests. Form a good seal with the mask or
mouthpiece (using nose plugs) and breathe out through the flow resistor so that
you maintain the correct pressure (which is shown by a meter). This is repeated
15 times. Then learn the "huff" maneuver (an exercise that is similar to
forcefully fogging a window with your breath), using your breath to move and
then cough up the mucous that had been blocking your airways. These steps are
then repeated approximately five to six times.
Active Cycle of Breathing
Active cycle of breathing therapy (ACBT) combines three breathing methods to move mucous out of your lungs:
These three steps are done in
sequence to loosen and expel the mucous, then repeated for a time period
designated by your physiotherapist or until you feel you can no longer cough up
any more mucous. Some people may need to use gravity-assisted positions with
this method. One advantage of this method is that you can do it on your own with
no equipment. People with CF can also perform it even if they have poor lung function.
Oscillating PEP (Flutter®)
The Flutter is a small handheld
pipe-shaped device that has a hard plastic mouthpiece at one end, a perforated
plastic cover at the other, and a stainless-steel ball resting in a plastic cone
on the inside. It is portable and relatively inexpensive and can be used on your
own. The Flutter helps airway clearance by:
The Flutter is used in a sitting
position. You hold it horizontally, take a deep breath in and hold it for two to
three seconds before breathing out actively into the device. You can adjust the
degree you hold the device at to feel the maximum amount of vibrations in your
airways. You repeat this step for ten to twelve breaths, and then perform one to
two huffs through the device, followed by coughing. This whole cycle is then
repeated for a time period designated by your physiotherapist or until you feel
that you can no longer cough up any more mucous.
The Flutter can be combined with
other methods of airway clearance and is often very effective in stimulating a
cough in those patients who are having difficulty coughing.
The Acapella is also a small
handheld plastic device that comes in two colours - blue and green. Which model
you should use depends on your expiratory flow (ask your physiotherapist). This
device uses a counterweighted plug and magnet rather than a steel ball. It
combines the features of the PEP device and the vibratory features of a flutter
valve to move mucous out of the airways. Because it's not dependent on gravity,
it can also be held at different angles. Unlike the other techniques listed
above, this airway clearance method has not been as well researched with patient
studies. Therefore, further research is needed to assess its effectiveness for
people with CF.
High Frequency Chest Wall Oscillation (vibration) (HFCWO)
HFCWO uses a mechanical chest wall oscillator (vibrator). It consists of two parts, an inflatable vest and an air pulse generator. Pulses are created by the generator to inflate and deflate the vest, creating high-frequency chest wall oscillations (vibrations). You can use this device without the help of another person. However, it's not easy to carry around, is expensive, and its price may not be covered by your insurance. The vest can be used with other methods of airway clearance as well as during activities such as reading, watching TV, or surfing the Internet.
Inhalation Therapy
Inhalation therapy is an important part of the treatment in CF. When doing
your inhalation treatment, you should sit upright with good posture and use
relaxed abdominal breathing. The compressor and nebulizers recommended by your
physiotherapist or respiratory therapist, should be used following the
instructions properly.
Most people should be able to use a mouthpiece rather than a facemask with
their nebulizer. This will help deliver more medication into the lungs rather
than filtering it through the nose and losing some of the medication into the
air. Strict cleaning guidelines should always be followed.
Inhalers may also be prescribed which require you to take a deep inspiration
(breathing in) and hold your breath for ten seconds. A device called a "spacer"
should be used with inhalers when possible, to insure the medication gets into
your lungs.
Exercise is very important for people with CF. It can help improve mucous clearance
in some people, maintain or even improve lung function, and give you a sense of well
being. Try to make it a part of your daily routine as much as possible. Aim for a
routine that combines endurance training with strengthening and flexibility, and that
is in harmony with your ability and interests.
Postural exercises and education should also be a part of your program to try
and prevent back pain that can be associated with CF. Do keep in mind however,
that exercise does not replace airway clearance treatments.
Airway clearance and exercise are an important part of the daily regimen for people with CF. Remember — all the methods listed above need proper instruction from a qualified person and motivation on your part to be effective. In many cases, breathing exercises and a device can be combined. For example, you could use a Flutter in the morning, and clapping in the afternoon. Not all methods are right for everybody. Talk to your physiotherapist to see what's best for you. You may want to try a few methods until you find one or more that you feel comfortable with and that seem to offer you the most benefit. No matter what methods you use, you should always have regular check ups with your physiotherapist to review your technique and equipment. Your treatment may change in the hospital.
The information in this article was adapted from an article by Jim Bolek, RRT
CF Care Path Manager, Rainbow Babies' and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio
(Genentech's CF Toolbox)
7/4/2015 — For further information, please contact your local Cystic Fibrosis Clinic. [Click Here]


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36 year old man | Los Angeles, CA, USA | Seeking women 25-35 within 50 miles of Santa Monica, CA
Looking for a second chance for happiness;) "not a beautiful distaster", will you be the one that shows me true love is all about?
Where do i start in short words without being judged poorly to explain about myself,ok here we go, i am honest and open in the fact that i hate dating :) 1). I have one little boy age 6 2).Full time dad 3).Stable job 4).Huge heart 5).Driven 6). Independent 7). Loyal 8).Funny :) 9).Yes Sensitive 10).Experienced 11).Caring 12 )Passionate 13.) Observant 14).Lots of integrity 15.) Humble and so on,16) not shallow 17) great sense of humor 18) I am a smart ass:) 19)people say I have a old soul 20) genuin.21) Ambitious 22) Reserved 23)Brave 24) Athletic 25)I am not complicated ,just real, and know what I want, is there such a thing is equal attraction,I hope their still attractive woman thats not attracted to pure opposite/ugly men, there is such thing in having both, just saying. My Turn offs1) CLUB GIRL THAT EXSPECTS SO MUCH FROM A MAN,"when she dont even have a job herself" 2) 100 %MATERIAL GIRL"want want want" 3) CODEPENDENT WOMAN 4) A GIRL THAT HAS DADDY ISSUES and THAT HAS A SUGER DADDY as well,"pay your own bills"geeze! 5) Attracted to homeboys/thugs 6) A GIRLwho photoshops "all" there pics and looks totally different in person:/ be yourself Please. 7) Liers,or hypacrits 8) Smokers 9) Bi sexual 10) Secretive 11) Texting on phone constantly while your on a date:/ 12) Smokers, or trying to quit 13) Gold diggers My Turn ons: 1) Smart educated woman 2) Loyal 3) Indapendent 4) Huge heart/caring 5) Understanding 6) Shareful 7) Affectionate 8) Well spoken 9) Morally respected 10)Ambitious and driven 11)Athletic/Physically active 12)Gives back, when least exspected 13)Contributes 14)Honest 15)Passionate
Camping , Coffee and conversation , Business networking , Dining out , Movies/Videos , Music and concerts , Exploring new areas , Shopping/Antiques , Travel/Sightseeing , Video games
Auto racing / Motorcross, Bowling, Football, Hockey, Other types of exercise, Running, Skiing, Swimming, VolleyBall, Walking / Hiking, Weights / Machines
I exercise 5 or more times per week.
Don't display my sign
I like Dogs
Don't really have one area i enjoy the most,i like to change it up,i get bored.
University of Oregon, Eugene, OR
Pretty much anything goes with me,but i am alone most of the time, so i like to jam on my guitar,or work on my classic vehicles or ride my sports bike with my stunt group on Sundays, even stay home watch a flick, and relax, I do enjoy a lot;)
Spontaneous:)pretty much anything fun!
Educational, and inspiring books
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
|What he is looking for
|6'1" (185cms)
|5'2" (157cms) to 5'10" (177cms)
|Body type:
|Athletic and toned
|Slender, Curvy, Athletic and toned
|Blue, Brown, Grey, Green, Hazel
|Dark brown
|Black, Light brown, Dark brown, Blonde, Dark blonde
|No Way
|No Way
|Social Drinker
|Social Drinker
|Self-Employed / Entrepreneur
|Other profession
|$50,001 to $75,000
|Never Married
|Never Married, Divorced
|Have kids:
|Yes, and they live at home (1)
|Wants kids:
|Not sure
|White / Caucasian, Other
|White / Caucasian, Other
|Spiritual but not religious
|Spiritual but not religious
|Associates degree
|Some college, Associates degree, Bachelors degree, Graduate degree, PhD / Post Doctoral
Sports Nutrition/Health and Fitness


text:
Bringing a new and visually stunning 3D engine to the RTS genre is C&C: Generals. Play as the USA, China or the GLA with a large selection of tanks troops and air units, as well as unique general abilities to help you turn the tide of war. Command & Conquer™ Generals puts your trigger finger on the pulse of modern warfare. Prepare your forces, General… it's time to engage in the next generation of real-time strategy. * Wage real-time war in more ways than ever with a modern and near-future arsenal. * Battle it out in unprecedented detail on full 3D environments. * All-new units and tactics with maximum destructive capability, including Aurora Strike Bombers, Dragon Tanks, and much more. * Team up with eight friends or go head-to-head in massive online multiplayer battles.
EA have not found any alternative to the dying Gamespy service and a large number of games thus lose multiplayer support.
i have a good news about the mod Rome .after some problems with another mod . I progressed well since I'm only at the models and textures .... and stop...
hi all i have made 4 models building and unit .....
they are 2 news models the command cneter egyptian and the commnd center greek
3 new concept for stargate sg1 the search center Goa'uld ,the superweapon Dakhara and the super soldier Kull
i Have find the bug with the faction Goauld ,that is the good news ,now the bad news are
A new Update from the team. Featuring the latest updates of new units and current researching.
Sequel to Command & Conquer Generals in development?


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60 year old woman | Oxford, OH, USA | Seeking men 45-65 within 50 miles
Active within 24 hours
Charismatic Humor Wit Integrity of Character GQ Style With LikeMinded Interests Politics RelationshipGoals Is Key 2 Match
I'm an open minded retired teacher with a great tactful sense of humor. ( ie Jimmy Fallon) I make people laugh but in a good way I'm told. I enjoy a "cup of conversation" as I'm a communicator yet an attentive listener. I'm sophisticated yet down to earth. I like easy going laid back people who have a kind and generous spirit as I seek the same in my match. I seek both strength of character with integrity and wit as this describes me as well. I'm intelligent but always interested in experiencing new and unique things and places. If an alumni, that's a plus having similar experience in our backgrounds. Go Redhawks! What a hockey team! Am a creative person who likes anything to do with the film industry. Most recently..an extra in the filming of Clooney film "Ides of March" shot at MU's FBS on campus!..also attended the "cattle call" for "Carol" with Ms Cate Blanchett in Cincy....Pursuing script writing..using established ghostwriter.I'm a avid movie attendee. Tend to gravitate to the Oscar award winning Golden Globes and Sag award choices, "Silver Linings Playbook" "The Hunger Games" series Jennifer Lawrence - superb! (Guess I'd have made an excellent positive movie critic, heh?! lol) Anything by Spielberg. "Jaws" is a classic- rated in top 10 of all time and fav as well.HBO "Getting On" series a hoot and excellent example of wit, superb writing and acting talent I aspire towards..most recent concert: Aerosmith at Riverbend topped "Dream On" white piano performance. I enjoy the Renaissance Festival, Reds, Bengals and would like to see a "Secretariat" race...Triple Crown... if another is born! I have a gorgeous Flamepoint Persian cat but am allergic to dogs, perhaps a hypoallergenic breed might work as The OBamas' have with "Bo". My friends and family all have pet dogs so we work it out. I like just hanging out "being" me with you being "you" if we mutually click. A mutual connection with like leading to love, sharing common interests, values and goals...beginning as best friends with laughter leading us both to our own "happily ever after" as Life is meant to be shared. It's a feeling of simply enjoying each other's company as time passes and we don't even notice as we're both feeling at ease, laughing and wanting a second date. We "click". We "Match"! If you're a supporter of Bush, Palin, Beck, Rush, O'Reily, Bachmann, Perry or the Tea Party, we're not a match. I think having likeminded political views helps in making a "happily ever after" match. Peace to you and yours.
Book club , Coffee and conversation , Dining out , Gardening/Landscaping , Movies/Videos , Museums and art , Music and concerts , Exploring new areas , Performing arts , Playing cards , Political interests , Shopping/Antiques , Travel/Sightseeing , Watching sports , Wine tasting
Auto racing / Motorcross, Baseball, Basketball, Cycling, Dancing, Football, Golf, Hockey, Other types of exercise
I have Cats
I like Fish, Horses
I like dogs but am allergic. My friends and family have pet dogs so we work it out.
Clearwater Beach, Keys, FL., Cali, Next- Europe(*Tuscany, Italy, Paris, England, Spain, Greek Isles) Crossed the USA 3x's. Niagra Falls/Canada. One summer, both coasts,Pacific/Atlantic... soaking the rays. Any warm ocean vacation.
Hang with Friends,Family,Travel near/ far. "The View",Film Productions,Movies,CNN/Bourdain/news- global/local,Pet persian,The Boss,Beatles,Stones,Concerts,Aronoff,WEBN/ Fireworks Ren Fest,boating,oceans,beaches,summer.FlowersWht
Enjoy movies,museums(*The Mummies) music/concerts- Clapton,McCartney-GABP,Aerosmith, Boating,Spectator Sports(*Reds/Bengals/Redhawks) Super Bowl,traveling near and far (*Cleveland RocknRoll Hall of Fame, Europe, NYC, Washington D.C., FL)
"American On Purpose" by Craig Ferguson, "Life" by Keith Richards and Steven Tyler's "Does the Noise in my Head Bother You?" "Dreams From My Father" by Barack Obama.
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|What she is looking for
|5'0" (152cms)
|5'7" (170cms) to 6'4" (193cms)
|Body type:
|Slender, About average, Athletic and toned
|Black, Blue, Brown, Grey, Green, Hazel
|Light brown
|Auburn / Red, Black, Light brown, Dark brown, Blonde, Salt and pepper, Silver, Dark blonde, Grey, Platinum, Bald
|No Way
|No Way
|Social Drinker
|Social Drinker
|Administrative / Secretarial, Artistic / Creative / Performance, Executive / Management, Financial / Accounting / Real Estate, Labor / Construction, Legal, Medical / Dental / Veterinary / Fitness, Political / Govt / Civil Service / Military, Retail / Food services, Retired, Sales / Marketing, Self-Employed / Entrepreneur, Education / Teacher / Professor, Technical / Science / Computers / Engineering, Travel / Hospitality / Transportation, Law enforcement / Security / Military, Fashion / Model / Beauty, Architecture / Interior design
|I'll tell you later
|$50,001 to $75,000, $75,001 to $100,000, $100,001 to $150,000, $150,001+
|Never Married, Widow / Widower, Divorced
|Have kids:
|No, Yes, and they live away from home, Yes, and they live at home
|Wants kids:
|No, but it's OK if my partner has kids
|Not sure, Probably not, No, but it's OK if my partner has kids
|White / Caucasian
|White / Caucasian
|Christian / Protestant
|Christian / Catholic, Christian / LDS, Christian / Protestant, Spiritual but not religious, Christian / Other
|Graduate degree
|High school, Some college, Associates degree, Bachelors degree, Graduate degree, PhD / Post Doctoral


text:
Super Rare Low Production Emerald Green Viper With Only 10771 Miles This Roadster Is Like New. Engine: 8.0-Liter, OHV, SMPI V-10 Type & Description... More
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text:
A telecommunication bridge system uses synchronized arbitration in a portion of a frame of a Radio Frequency (RF) subsystem and is transparent to Ethernet layer protocols and Ethernet-type packets in order to increase bandwidth utilization and effectively extend Ethernet networks to metropolitan-area-wide application. The telecommunication bridge system comprises an enhanced Ethernet network interface subsystem coupled to a conventional Ethernet medium and a control subsystem including an RF modem, in turn coupled to a frame synchronized RF medium in a metropolitan-sized network. On one side the control subsystem emulates all Ethernet layer protocols and on the other side conducts a prioritized arbitration scheme during only a portion of a time division multiplexed frame, the remainder of the frame for carrying a payload of unmodified packets to other bridges. Included in the controller subsystem is a two-way Manchester/NRZ Code converter, its own intelligence and packet buffering using a microprocessor and random access memory.
1. An apparatus for interfacing between an Ethernet local area network and a metropolitan area data communication network comprising:
a circuit means forming a local area network node for connecting to an Ethernet local area network via an Ethernet medium;
a bridge subsystem coupled to said connection means which is operative to accept Ethernet packets and to control access to the metropolitan area data communication network, said bridge subsystem including:
a modem subsystem coupled to a wide area network medium of the metropolitan area data communication network for communicating Ethernet-type packets over a frequency channel of the metropolitan area data communication network, said frequency channel employing timed frames during which each one of said Ethernet-type packets is conveyed, link control means for allocating time in each one of said time frames into at least a first (reservation) segment and a second (payload) segment, said second segment being of sufficient capacity to contain an unmodified one of said Ethernet-type packets, and said first segment being for arbitrating among bridge subsystems requesting access to said frequency channel;
means for buffering said Ethernet-type packets; and
control means for arbitrating access to said wide area network medium, wherein said control means is operative to subdivide said first segment into a plurality of subsegments, each said subsegment being employed to arbitrate for access to the second segment of a future timed frame.
2. A method for arbitrating among bridges requesting access to time frames in a metropolitan area digital data communication system comprising the steps of:
establishing a first (reservation) time segment and a second (payload) time segment of a frame for communication of digital packets;
establishing within said first time segment a plurality of reservation subsegments;
at each said bridge first transmitting a reservation packet the reservation subsegment corresponding with a position in a queue and observing for a collision;
thereafter and during each successive frame if no collision has occurred, at each such bridge, transmitting the reservation packet, with identification of the reservation subsegment, in the reservation subsegment corresponding with said position in a queue; and
upon clearing of each said reservation packet from said position in the queue and during each successive frame, at each bridge, transmitting said reservation packet in the reservation subsegment corresponding with said position in the queue.
This invention relates to adaptation of CSMA/CD-type networks, and particularly Ethernet to long-distance communication, and specifically for metropolitan area networking. Standard Ethernet type communication (IEEE/ANSI Standard 802.3) is intended primarily for local data communication, typically over lines less than 1800 meters (1.1 miles) in radius. Ethernet employs carrier sense multiple access/carrier detection (CSMA/CD) protocols. Such protocols under 802.3 require a baseband carrier signal in order to permit the sensing of the presence or absence of collisions among potentially-interfering signals. The protocols also specify that nodes must be able to communicate within a defined time short interval, which limits the radius of communication to relatively short ranges.
Bridges and routers are known for redirecting signals originating or terminating in an Ethernet node through various other media, including broad-band and narrow-band links. Such links may be either speed-limited or distance-limited, or they may require substantial protocol conversion. Specifically, it is considered desirable to keep the MAC CSMA/CD layer of Ethernet intact to the extent possible.
A line of telephone central office bypass digital network communication products is available from the assignee of the present invention, First Pacific Networks of Sunnyvale, Calif. (FPN), which supports high-speed, metropolitan-area digital communication. Heretofore no bridge has been provided which can be used as an interface between conventional Ethernet nodes via the FPN network.
What is needed is a mechanism for extending a local area network to a substantially greater range, e.g., in the metropolitan area range of 50 km to 100 km in radius, without degradation in speed or response time.
According to the invention, a telecommunication bridge system uses synchronized arbitration in a portion of a frame of a Radio Frequency (RF) subsystem and is transparent to Ethernet layer protocols and Ethernet-type packets in order to increase bandwidth utilization and effectively extend Ethernet networks to metropolitan-area-wide application. The telecommunication bridge system comprises an enhanced Ethernet network interface subsystem coupled to a conventional Ethernet medium and a control subsystem including an RF modem, in turn coupled to a frame synchronized RF medium in a metropolitansized network. On one side the control subsystem emulates all Ethernet layer protocols and on the other side conducts a prioritized arbitration scheme during only a portion of a time division multiplexed frame, the remainder of the frame for carrying a payload of unmodified packets to other bridges. Included in the controller subsystem is a two-way Manchester/NRZ Code converter, its own intelligence and packet buffering using a microprocessor and random access memory.
The invention will be better understood upon reference to the following detailed description in connection with the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a system incorporating the invention.
FIG. 2 is an alternative block diagram of a system incorporating the invention.
FIG. 3 is a timing diagram of a frame in accordance with the invention.
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of an arbitration technique according to the invention.
Referring to FIG. 1, there is shown an Ethernet-broadband bridge 10 in accordance with the invention wherein Ethernet signals are converted to broadband signals and visa versa, and all Ethernet protocols are emulated. The bridge 10 is an adaptation of a conventional Ethernet network interface card (NIC), herein an enhanced NIC 12 or a media access unit (MAU) and an enhanced First Pacific Networks Voice Interface Unit adapted to a general information interface, herein an enhanced interface unit or IU 14. The enhanced NIC 12 is typically a card inserted in a slot on a standard bus 16, such as an ISA bus or an EISA bus of a host personal computer (not shown). The NIC 12 includes a host interface 18 for connecting to the standard bus 16, a baseband Ethernet interface 20 for connection daisy-chain style to an Ethernet medium 21, and a media access controller (MAC) 22. In addition according to the invention is a baseband interface emulator 24. The emulator 24 appears to the MAC 22 as a baseband interface, and it sends and receives signals like any other device having an Ethernet protocol layer, namely, Manchester-encoded packet signals.
The enhanced IU 14 comprises a bidirectional Manchester Code/NRZ Code converter interface 26 for connection to the emulator 24 for converting the packets between conventional Manchester Code and NRZ code as used by the IU 14, a serial to parallel converter 28 for converting incoming serial signals to parallel signals which can be applied to a bus 30, and a parallel to serial converter 32 for converting outgoing signals from the bus 30 directed to the emulator 24.
Also coupled to the bus 30 is a microprocessor 34, with associated program memory (in read only memory ROM 36) and data memory (in random access memory RAM 38), and a link controller 40, as hereinafter explained. The link controller 40 sends and receives packets in frames via broadband media over metropolitan-size distances, takes into account skew and manages the Ethernet layer protocols of the local NIC 12. Typically, the broadband medium is effectively unidirectional, so there is one receive channel for receiving signals from a head end (for example 6 MHz bandwidth supporting 5.1 MBPS or 10.2 MBPS transmission rates (e.g., 50 MHz and higher) and a separate transmit channel for transmitting signals to the head end (e.g., below 50 MHz), the modulation of the signal on each of the respective channels being selected on the basis of criteria outside the scope of this invention, but some form of digital modulation.
Packets are buffered in RAM 38 while the link controller 40 attempts to "capture bandwidth" on the broadband medium 50. The software and hardware at the link layer on the Ethernet medium 21 is unaware of any difference between the enhanced Ethernet NIC 12 and a standard Ethernet NIC, except that the packets experience data delay.
The broadband medium 50 may be channelized so that an upstream channel 52 is in a first r.f. channel and a downstream channel 54 is in a second r.f. channel on the same physical medium, such as a coaxial cable or fiber link. On the broadband medium 50, the r.f. transmitter 46 transmits bursts of packets on upstream channel 52 in synchronized frames (e.g., within a 2 ms long window) to a head end (not shown) which may convert the packets to a synchronous communication mode and send the packets without any internal changes back downstream channel 54 to any other bridge or interface unit 14 according to the invention. The frames may be skewed based on time delay to transmit a signal to the head end so that frames transmitted to the head end line up upon arrival at the head end.
FIG. 2 is an alternative block diagram of a system 100 incorporating the invention, and specifically an alternative bridge or interface unit 114. In this system 100, enhanced IU 114 comprises a bidirectional DTE interface 126 with a Manchester Code/NRZ Code converter for connection to a 10BaseT-type Ethernet medium 27 which in turn is coupled to a conventional 10BaseT-type Ethernet interface 112 of a personal computer (not shown). The DTE interface 126 is coupled to direct Manchester decoded packets to a packet decoder element 123 and to receive packets ready to be Manchester encoded from a packet encoder 125. The packet decoder 123 includes a flow control mechanism which signals a collision (via line 121) to the DTE interface 126, which in turn can prompt the Ethernet interface 112 to resend the lost packets. The packet decoder 123 strips the packet of data and sends serialized data via line 127 to a serial to parallel converter 128 for converting incoming serial signals to parallel signals which can be applied via an arbitration element 130 to a buffer memory, herein designated a PRAM 138, for storage. Data stored in the PRAM 138 which is directed to the Ethernet interface 112 is forwarded by the PRAM arbitrator 130 and passed through a parallel to serial converter 132 for converting outgoing signals to a serial data stream. The resultant serial data stream is packetized by packet encoder 125 and passed to the DTE interface via line 131 wherein it is Manchester encoded and applied to the 10Base T medium 27.
Also coupled to the PRAM 138 is a CPU 134 with associated peripheral devices. The CPU 134 may massage the data in the PRAM 138, if needed, before it is passed either to the Ethernet interface 112 or to the broadband network 50. The PRAM arbitrator 130 sends parallel data from the PRAM 138 to a parallel/serial converter, scrambler and packet assembler 139. The PRAM arbitrator 130 also directs the PRAM to receive parallel data from serial/parallel converter, descrambler and packet disassembler 141. The PRAM arbitrator 130 thus controls all data traffic through the PRAM 138.
The parallel/serial converter, scrambler and packet assembler 139 scrambles the data using a CCITT V.29-type scrambler using a 24 bit scramble seed ahead of the "scramble payload" and directs packets destined for the broadband network 50 to a packet framer 144. The scrambled signal is useful to assist in clock recovery elsewhere in the system. In the packet framer 144 packets are allocated to frames compatible with the broadband network 50, and r.f. transmitter 46 introduces the frames to the upstream channel 52 in accordance with its protocol. An r.f. receiver 148 receives frames containing packets via the broadband network 50 medium over metropolitan-sized distances from a head end (not shown). The received frames are reformatted as packets in frame-to-packet decoder 145, which in turn directs the packets to serial/parallel converter, descrambler and packet disassembler 141 for forwarding as previously explained. The software and hardware at the link layer on the Ethernet interface 112 is unaware of any difference between the source of the Ethernet data, except that the packets may experience data delay. A digital loopback 147 to allow transmit frame data to be connected to receive frame decoder 145 allowing self test without need for external testing equipment.
FIG. 3 illustrates a standard time frame 56 (about 2 ms in length) which consumes the bandwidth (about 10 MHz) in the upstream channel 52. The frame 56 is divided into three segments, a synchronization segment 58 containing a frame timing mark indicating its boundary and any other synchronizing information to take into account skew (e.g., 12 bytes long), a reservation segment 60 wherein arbitration is carried out (e.g., 180 bytes long), and a payload segment 62 which carries the unmodified Ethernet packets (up to about 2100 bytes available). A gap 64 of a few bytes (e.g., 3 bytes) is provided for separation between the reservation segment 60 and the payload segment 62.
According to the invention, collision detection on the upstream frame is limited to the reservation segment. More specifically, up to about fifteen or thirty different bridges can attempt simultaneously to reserve a frame during the reservation segment 60, or more specifically to reserve the payload segment 62 of a different future timed frame, so that the payload segments 62 of frames 56 for communication to the head end can be allocated into the future, e.g., for up to fifteen frames. This is done through the link controller 40 which is operative to subdivide the reservation segment 60 into a plurality of subsegments 61, each subsegment 61 being employed to arbitrate for access to the payload segment of a different future timed frame.
This foreknowledge of bandwidth utilization allows each link controller 40 to make maximum bandwidth utilization while minimizing control overhead and lost bandwidth due to avoidable collisions. Collisions during the reservation segment 60 of the frame 56 are expected, although the collisions are limited to those subsegments which have not yet been reserved as part of the distributed queue. The link controllers 40 of each active bridge build a distributed queue, that is, each bridge keeps an identical copy of the reservation queue, updating it each frame, advancing its own queue position of each of its own payloads awaiting a frame each time a payload is cleared, and transmitting a reservation packet at the reservation subsegment to which it believes it has been assigned currently. Only one controller 40 uses the payload segment 62 at any one time, since peer arbitration predetermines which bridge is granted the payload segment of the forthcoming frames. In this manner, efficient bandwidth utilization can be achieved with excellent collision avoidance and substantially higher throughput as compared with an Ethernet network of the same bit rate, as well as higher likelihood that a packet will be transmitted successfully than with conventional CSMA/CD protocols.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart illustrating the arbitration scheme according to the invention. Access rules respecting the reservation subsegments govern operation of the link controller 40. First, all bandwidth is reserved at least one frame in advance. Second, all packets are queued for future payload segments. Where the packet queue (in RAM 38) in any bridge 10 is empty and the upstream channel 52 of the network 50 is not busy, bandwidth is reserved by each IU 14 randomly selecting any one of the reservation subsegments 61 by each controller 40 of each IU 14 transmitting a reservation packet during the randomly-selected reservation subsegment (Step A FIG. 3), each one of the reservation subsegments representing a specific future frame. If a collision occurs (Step B), then the IU 14 checks the distributed queue for occupied subsegments (Step C) and then transmits a reservation packet during a randomly selected one of the remaining subsegments (Step D) and again checks for a collision (Step B). If no collision occurs, then all IUs 14 note the reservation of the corresponding payload segment of a future frame in the distributed queue (Step E). The reservation packet of the respective IUs 14 are then retransmitted each subsequent frame (Step F), this time in the reservation subsegment in which they were previously successfully transmitted and thus corresponding to a numerical position in the distributed queue. As payload packets clear the queue, each IU 14 checks the queue and decrements its own position of reservation in the distributed queue so the reservation packets advance in their position in the reservation segment (Step G), and each IU 14 retransmits a reservation packet at its new subsegment position in the reservation segment 60 (Step F).
Queued packets in the bridge are typically assigned to payload segments of future frames in the order received, subject to other bridges having been granted prior access to a specific payload segment of a future frame.
Each reservation packet contains several pieces of information: a preamble, a delimiter (for determining byte synchronization and occurrence of a collision), a unique node number, and payload packet length. The payload packet may be transmitted with or without certain preamble or postamble information, depending upon whether the information can be restored at the receiving bridge and upon the design efficiency of the communication channel.
For extremely long payloads, payload segments of successive frames can be employed to transmit the whole payload. A short portion of the payload channel may be employed to carry a flag to indicate to the receiving bridge that the payload segments must be appended before being forwarded into the target Ethernet environment.
The invention has been explained with reference to specific embodiments. Other embodiments will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. It is therefore not intended that this invention be limited, except as indicated by the appended claims.
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