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Described is a protocol by which wireless network communication devices comprising peer nodes (such as a computer system and an access point) cooperatively exchange information about RF interference detected in the network. The protocol administers the exchange of formatted control data corresponding to the detected interference among computing nodes running a service capable of processing the control data. A peer table is used to maintain locally-obtained and remotely-obtained control data. Records in the peer table are arranged with different levels of granularity with respect to interference and networking information. The interference information collected through the cooperative protocol may then be used by peer devices in the network to adapt to mitigate interference-related problems. The protocol also provides for discovery of peer node capabilities, including a negotiable transport for the control data that may be different from the main data channel transport.
1. In a wireless computing environment including one or more nodes configured to communicate wirelessly, the computing environment being susceptible to interference such that wireless nodes may experience interference-related communication problems, a method of mitigating wireless communication problems between nodes, the method comprising:
at a local node in the network, obtaining control data for a remote node in the network from the remote node, wherein the control data includes processed RF spectrum interference-related information corresponding to interference at the remote node, wherein the remote node provides the control data as a result of:
determining that a threshold level of interference has been achieved;
receiving a registration request from a pluggable classifier module;
sending a list of RF data providers with data formats supported to the classifier module;
receiving a message from the classifier module for registering with one or more specific RF data providers;
providing raw RF data to the pluggable classifier module using the one or more specific RF data providers, the pluggable classifier module being configured to identify raw RF data characteristics and being pluggable into the remote node such that classification of RF data at the remote node is extensible and dependent on classifier modules installed at the remote node; and
the remote node determining that the local node is a first degree peer node to the remote node;
receiving a first registration request from a pluggable application component;
sending a list of classifiers that have previously registered with a communication service at the local node to the pluggable application component;
receiving a second registration request from the pluggable application component requesting to register for specific classifiers and data formats, and
providing the remotely-obtained control data to the pluggable application component at the local node using the data formats identified in the second registration request from the pluggable application component, wherein the pluggable application component determines actions related to mitigating problems caused by interference, and wherein mitigation actions determined at the local node are extensible dependent on what pluggable application components are installed at the local node.
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11. At least one computer-readable storage medium having computer-executable instructions, which when executed perform the method of
12. At least one computer-readable storage medium having computer-executable instructions stored thereon, which when executed perform steps, comprising:
receiving a registration request from a pluggable classifier module;
sending a list of RF data providers with data formats supported to the classifier module;
receiving a message from the classifier module for registering with one or more specific RF data providers;
determining that a threshold level of interference has been achieved at a local node;
as a result of determining that a threshold level of interference has been achieved, collecting raw RF data about the interference;
routing the raw RF data about the interference to the pluggable classifier module using the data formats corresponding to RF data providers registered in the message from the classifier module, the pluggable classifier module being configured to identify raw RF data characteristics and being pluggable into the local node such that classification of RF data at the local node is extensible and dependent on classifier modules installed at the local node;
storing locally-obtained control data in a first location of a peer table at the local node, the first location of the peer table being reserved for control data characterizing interference at the local node;
discovering capabilities of a remote peer node in a wireless network with respect to exchanging the locally-obtained control data with remotely-obtained control data for interference at the remote peer node, the locally-obtained control data and remotely-obtained control data including RF interference-related information;
exchanging the control data based on the capabilities discovered, including transmitting the locally-obtained control data to the peer node and receiving the remotely-obtained control data from the remote peer node; and
storing the remotely-obtained control data from the peer node in the peer table in a location of the peer table reserved for peer node control data.
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23. In a wireless computing environment including one or more nodes configured to communicate wirelessly, the computing environment being susceptible to interference such that wireless nodes may experience interference-related communication problems, a system for mitigating communication problems between nodes, the system comprising:
a threshold detection mechanism in a local node that determines that a threshold level of interference has been achieved;
a pluggable classifier module, the pluggable classifier module being configured to identify raw RF data characteristics and being pluggable into the local node such that classification of RF data at the local node is extensible and dependent on classifier modules installed at the local node, wherein the pluggable classifier module is added to the system by:
sending a registration request from a pluggable classifier module;
receiving a list of RF data providers with data formats supported at the classifier module; and
sending a message from the classifier module for registering with one or more specific RF data providers;
a discovery mechanism in the local node that queries a remote peer node for capability information with respect to mechanisms of the remote node, in which the mechanisms provide remotely-obtained control data that includes RF spectrum interference-related information; and
a peer process at the local node that receives the remotely-obtained control data and maintains a record corresponding thereto in a peer table, the peer table accessible for determining a mitigation solution based on the interference-related information for communicating on a main data channel with the remote peer node.
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The present invention is related to the following copending United States patent applications filed concurrently herewith, assigned to the assignee of the present invention, and hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties:
"Extensible Framework for Mitigating Interference Problems in Wireless Networking," U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/004,600; and
"Use of Separate Control Channel to Mitigate Interference Problems in Wireless Networking," U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/004,288.
The invention relates generally to computer systems, and more particularly to exchanging information in wireless networks.
Wireless local area networks (WLANs) are proliferating in both home and enterprises. Such wireless networks may be used for web browsing, file transferring, audiovisual streaming, sending and receiving messages, and other purposes. As wireless connectivity spreads, the likelihood of radio frequency (RF) activity from other bands and overlaying bands used in wireless networking bands increases for any given location, resulting in interference for a greater percentage of wireless network users.
Further, because wireless networks operate in unlicensed bands in the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz regions of the RF spectrum, many other RF devices transmit information (or noise) on these frequencies as well, causing interference to the WLAN communication. Examples of various sources and types of interference seen by a home wireless network may include microwave ovens, which cause slow periodic interference; cordless phones, which cause interference of a type referred to as "slow hopper;" a Bluetooth headset (causing fast hopper interference); digital spread spectrum (DSS) cordless phones, which cause constant custom waveform interference; and wireless surveillance cameras, which cause constant standard waveform interference. In addition, other nearby WLANs operating on the same channel, such as that of a neighbor, can cause interference.
As is understood, RF interference in wireless networking results in an effective reduction of available data rates and/or range, causing poor user experience. While a technically-knowledgeable user may be able to mitigate a regularly occurring interference problem by reconfiguring networking devices to operate on another channel, many of the sources of interference transmit intermittently, whereby even if one problem was solved by changing to another channel, another problem might arise that occurs intermittently, which is more difficult to detect and resolve.
Essentially, a primary problem is that wireless network computing devices do not know what is going on with respect to RF interference in the wireless network and consequently cannot adapt to it. What is needed is a way to provide for a reasonably good wireless experience, including in the presence of RF interference, by providing information about the RF interference to the computing devices so that interference problems can be mitigated.
Briefly, the present invention is directed towards a protocol comprising a system, method and data structures, by which network communication devices (peer nodes such as a computer system and an access point) can exchange information about RF interference detected in the network. The protocol, referred to as the cooperative protocol, administers the exchange of formatted control data corresponding to the detected interference. The control data is exchanged among computing nodes in the network that are running a service capable of processing such control data, referred to as a robust coexistence service.
The robust coexistence service (RCS) comprises a flexible and extensible framework including a local processing subsystem that allows spectrum sensor hardware to be plugged in so as to output data corresponding to sensed RF conditions, including any interference. One or more software classifiers and application programs are also plugged in to the framework and operate to assess the sensed RF data, in order to provide interference-related information for informational purposes as well as for mitigating any interference-related communication problems.
In one implementation, the cooperative protocol provides the framework and structure that is used for peer discovery, peer information exchange, and the transport mechanism used to deliver the protocol. According to the cooperative protocol, the locally-detected interference-related information is formatted, along with general environment information and the like, into control data, which is then distributed from the local node to a remote peer node in the wireless network that is RCS-enabled (running the robust coexistence service), whereby the remote node knows the local node's current RF environment. A similar exchange of control data occurs in the opposite direction. As a result, the peer nodes know each other's environments, and when any node transmits the main (non-control) data to a receiver node, the transmission can be adapted to avoid the interference, or mitigate the effect of the interference in some way. For example, if an access point knows that a device to which it is associated is experiencing interference on one channel, the access point and device can agree to switch to a different channel. Note that with an access point, each associated computing device has only the access point as its peer, while the access point has a peer relationship with each associated access point. In an ad hoc network, devices may have multiple peers.
To distribute the control data, each robust coexistence service also includes an information distribution subsystem. The information distribution subsystem includes a transport module that communicates the control data including any interference information locally-sensed at the computer system to another, remote node on the network, and receives similar information sensed remotely at that node.
To support the cooperative protocol, the information distribution service further includes a peer process that manages a peer table containing the local and remote interference-related control data, and performs tasks including peer discovery and peer feedback handling. Peer feedback may be used to leverage the interference-related information sensed at a remote RF environment for use in local mitigation.
Using the cooperative protocol, (local and remote) peers thus provide radio interference and spectrum details about their immediate surroundings, and notify a remote peer of localized interference. The interference and frequency information collected through the cooperative protocol may then be used by peer devices in the network to adapt to mitigate the interference-related problems.
To accomplish peer discovery, once an RCS-enabled system has an association with a WLAN access point, the system begins looking for other RCS-enabled systems using a discovery message exchange. During this exchange, a version or the like of the cooperative protocol is agreed upon, along with the transport for the exchange of the protocol data. The chosen transport (which may be on a different channel from the main data channel) may be an IP or link layer. The transport negotiation allows an older system to communicate the control data on a channel that it is equipped to use.
Following the discovery and setup phase, the two peer devices reach a steady state for RF spectrum and interference information exchange. In one implementation, the exchanged control data may contain one to three levels of information, including general, (non-interference related) information about the device's environment (Level 1), coarse information about the main data channel, including general data indicative of whether any interference is present (Level 2), and specific interference-related information (Level 3) such as the type of interferer, frequency, duty cycle, periodicity of the interference and so forth. Extended information may also be communicated.
In general, each peer maintains its own control data within a record in its peer table, along with information received from another peer device in another record, or in the case of an access point or in an ad hoc network where there are multiple peers, in subsequent records. The local record is updated as interference changes are detected, while the peer record is updated as data is exchanged with a peer device.
The peer devices remain connected through the cooperative protocol until one (or both) initiates a disconnect. The protocol also supports a keep-alive heartbeat mechanism whereby for an operational device updates to the peer table may be made, while for a non-operational device, the corresponding record may be removed from the peer table.
Other advantages will become apparent from the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the drawings, in which:
Exemplary Operating Environment
The invention is operational with numerous other general purpose or special purpose computing system environments or configurations. Examples of well known computing systems, environments, and/or configurations that may be suitable for use with the invention include, but are not limited to: personal computers, server computers, hand-held or laptop devices, tablet devices, multiprocessor systems, microprocessor-based systems, set top boxes, programmable consumer electronics, network PCs, minicomputers, mainframe computers, distributed computing environments that include any of the above systems or devices, and the like.
The invention may be described in the general context of computer-executable instructions, such as program modules, being executed by a computer. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, and so forth, which perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The invention may also be practiced in distributed computing environments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network. In a distributed computing environment, program modules may be located in local and/or remote computer storage media including memory storage devices.
With reference to
The computer 110 typically includes a variety of computer-readable media. Computer-readable media can be any available media that can be accessed by the computer 110 and includes both volatile and nonvolatile media, and removable and non-removable media. By way of example, and not limitation, computer-readable media may comprise computer storage media and communication media. Computer storage media includes volatile and nonvolatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information such as computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data. Computer storage media includes, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, digital versatile disks (DVD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which can be used to store the desired information and which can accessed by the computer 110. Communication media typically embodies computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data in a modulated data signal such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism and includes any information delivery media. The term "modulated data signal" means a signal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed in such a manner as to encode information in the signal. By way of example, and not limitation, communication media includes wired media such as a wired network or direct-wired connection, and wireless media such as acoustic, RF, infrared and other wireless media. Combinations of the any of the above should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media.
The system memory 130 includes computer storage media in the form of volatile and/or nonvolatile memory such as read only memory (ROM) 131 and random access memory (RAM) 132. A basic input/output system 133 (BIOS), containing the basic routines that help to transfer information between elements within computer 110, such as during start-up, is typically stored in ROM 131. RAM 132 typically contains data and/or program modules that are immediately accessible to and/or presently being operated on by processing unit 120. By way of example, and not limitation,
The computer 110 may also include other removable/non-removable, volatile/nonvolatile computer storage media. By way of example only,
The drives and their associated computer storage media, described above and illustrated in
The computer 110 may operate in a networked environment using logical connections to one or more remote computers, such as a remote computer 180. The remote computer 180 may be a personal computer, a server, a router, a network PC, a peer device or other common network node, and typically includes many or all of the elements described above relative to the computer 110, although only a memory storage device 181 has been illustrated in
When used in a LAN networking environment, the computer 110 is connected to the LAN 171 through a network interface or adapter 170. When used in a WAN networking environment, the computer 110 typically includes a modem 172 or other means for establishing communications over the WAN 173, such as the Internet. The modem 172, which may be internal or external, may be connected to the system bus 121 via the user input interface 160 or other appropriate mechanism. In a networked environment, program modules depicted relative to the computer 110, or portions thereof, may be stored in the remote memory storage device. By way of example, and not limitation,
Robust Coexistence Service
The present invention is generally directed towards a protocol by which data related to interference detected in the portion of the RF spectrum that is used for wireless network communications may be communicated to a peer node in the network, primarily for purposes of avoiding the interference at least mitigating its effects on wireless network communications. As will be understood, numerous ways to implement the present invention are feasible, and only some of the alternatives are described herein. For example, the present invention is primarily described below with reference to a framework into which RF-related sensors, classifiers and application programs plug in to dynamically sense the spectrum and process the sensed data to mitigate the effects of interference on network communications. However, as can be readily appreciated, such a framework is not required to use the protocol, and indeed, a sensor coupled to any software program (or even other properly-configured hardware) would be able to use the protocol to exchange the interference-related information that is sensed. For example, the framework may be run on a computer system, but alternatively may be adopted by hardware manufacturers for integration into an access point device, wireless bridge, and so forth. Further, as will be understood, the protocol may be rearranged, as the order is not important, and not all of the information exchanged according to the protocol is necessary for mitigating interference-related problems. As such, the present invention is not limited to the example architecture or any of the particular examples used herein, but rather may be used various ways that provide benefits and advantages in computing in general.
Turning to
The other wireless devices represented in
By way of example, consider that the media center 206 streams audiovisual content via the access point 204 to the media center extender 212. While the audiovisual data is being streamed, various non-networking RF sources 216 such as a cordless phone may interfere with the audiovisual stream. As can be readily appreciated, the stream may be interrupted or the bandwidth constrained to such an extent that the media center extender 212 exhausts any buffered data, whereby the user experience is that of a frozen, erratic or otherwise incorrect picture and/or sound. Occasional use of the interfering device, such as is typical with telephone usage patterns, is generally unpredictable and can be even more frustrating to the user.
Some of the wireless devices depicted in
As represented in
The RCS local processing system 321 provides interfaces to internal modules by which external modules, including classifiers 340 1-340 j and applications 342 1-342 k, may register with the robust coexistence service 321. Note that the miniport drivers 333 1-333 n may be similarly pluggable through user mode software modules, and need not necessarily go through the NDIS layer 338. As part of registration, the various registering modules identify one or more various types of data that each supports, including data in a predefined, generic format understood by any classifier module, and/or data in a proprietary format (treated as blobs when routed to the corresponding classifier). The ability to use a proprietary format allows customized RF sensors and classifiers to be used in the framework. Data types may be a combination of predefined generic data and proprietary data type. A mapping is obtained (e.g., in the RCS engine 350) to relate the provider, classifier, consumer and driver in order to identify how a current set of information is to be processed. Identifiers may be used in routing custom data to the correct classifier, as can an evaluation as to whether at least part of the raw data is in the predefined format, in which event any classifier can consume at least part of the raw data. Alternatively, classifiers may receive and discard data they do not understand.
Within the RCS local processing system 321, an RCS engine 350 provides connectivity among its internal modules 352-358, generally routing data as appropriate, as described below. In general, the RCS engine 350 coordinates the activities of the various modules in the service, and also stores classifier data for future use, e.g., in a storage 360. For example, the storage 360 may preserve time-stamped interference classifier information events that may be used for historical analysis.
Via the layered mechanism described above, a data provider module 352 of the system 321 obtains the raw data sensed by the spectrum sensing hardware 332 1-332 n, and/or 334, along with any raw RF data and other lower MAC (media access controller) and PHY (physical) layer device data. From there, the data provider module 352 transfers the raw data to the RCS engine 350 to be forwarded to an appropriate classifier or classifiers (e.g., based on the respective data type or types for which they have registered) for processing into classified data. In one implementation, the data provider module 352 and the drivers may use identifiers (e.g., OIDs or APIs) to pass the raw RF data for consumption by a corresponding classifier or classifiers. As can be readily appreciated, the use of a driver model provides extensibility, as various spectrum sensors may be connected via a corresponding driver, including new ones as developed.
Note that the local processing system 321 may remain idle until needed, that is, until some RF interference is sensed. To awaken the local processing system 321 at the correct time, a triggering mechanism 362 may be used, comprising one or more components that monitor the NDIS layer 338 and provide indications of interference. Further, note that the triggering mechanism 362 may not awaken the local processing system 321 to initiate interference processing until some threshold level of interference is achieved.
To route the RF data to an appropriate classifier, the RCS engine 350 forwards the raw data to a data classifier module 354 of the local processing system 321. In general, the classifier module 354 communicates with the registered classifier or classifiers 340 1-340 j, to provide the raw spectrum data thereto and return processed data, referred to as classified data, for further processing. Note that this also provides for extensibility, as new and/or improved classifiers can simply plug-in as they become available.
In turn, the external classifiers 340 1-340 j, which comprise one or more pluggable modules, essentially look at the raw RF data to determine what is happening in the RF environment. To this end, the classifiers 340 1-340 j process the raw RF data to perform signature analysis and the like, possibly combining the RF data with other network traffic measurements, to identify the data's relevant characteristics and possibly the source of interference (e.g., cordless phone, microwave oven, Bluetooth device and so forth), and supply such classified data for further action.
A consumer module 356 of the local processing system 321 takes the classified data and (via the RCS engine 350) may store it in the storage 360 and/or route the classified data to registered application programs 342 1-342 k, such as for enunciation of the detected interference as well as for higher-level processing to determine how to adapt the program to avoid the interference. To this end, one or more application programs register with the local processing system 321 to use the classified data to take some action, such as to provide a viewable notification or other indication regarding interference (e.g., a diagnostic application may prompt the user about an RF issue, such as "Cordless phone in use"), and/or, to determine a way to mitigate interference-related communication problems to some extent. For example, the classified data can be used by application programs such as an audio/video streaming application program to reduce the image size of an ongoing transmission, thereby transmitting a lesser amount of A/V streaming data. To this end, the application program may use the classified data as a hint for the application program to conduct its own tests to decide a due course of action in adjusting its behavior.
Note that one application program such as a diagnostic program may handle notifications, and another program may devise its own mitigation solution based on the classified data and any test results. Again, because of the plug-in model for application programs, the framework's extensibility characteristics are readily apparent.
In turn, interference mitigation-related information determined by the robust coexistence service may be passed (e.g., via the RCS engine 350) to a feedback module 358, from where it is communicated to the WLAN miniport driver 335 (or the WLAN NIC 336) for performing dynamic upper-MAC and other adaptations that provide an interference mitigation solution. By way of example, the WLAN miniport driver 335 (or the WLAN NIC 336) can determine from the classified data and internal WLAN data that interference-related problems may be mitigated by changing the frequency to another channel, changing the rate at which data is sent, changing the timing of sending data (such as to avoid interference that starts and stops in a predictable pattern), and in other ways, including combinations of channel, rate and/or timing solutions, switching to another band, staying on the same channel while employing transmission dodging, employing fragmentation to reduce packet size (smaller packets have lower collision chances compared to larger packets and in case of a collision, the cost of retransmission is less due to smaller size of retransmission), and so forth.
Turning to
In accordance with an aspect of the present invention, the peer process manages a peer table 480 and performs tasks including peer discovery 482, peer feedback 484 and also manages peer communication via a communication protocol 486, referred to as a cooperative protocol, and described below. In general, peer discovery 482 may use Plug-and-Play (uPnP) technology to discover the wireless nodes that participate in the robust coexistence service, such as handling current audiovisual streams.
Peer feedback 484 is used to communicate the RF environment and other characteristics of each node using the cooperative protocol, with updates at appropriate times such as upon interference detection and/or at selected intervals. The cooperative communication protocol 486 defines the method, format and the type of RF environment and other characteristics of each node that are to be distributed among the nodes.
The transport module 472 distributes corresponding protocol packets. One way to transport the packets is to use the IP 490 and the TCP/IP 492 layers, via wired or wireless LANs. Another way is to use a link layer via WLAN or another wireless technology using the same or another wireless band. In this mechanism, packets can be sent on the same channel as the data, or as described in the aforementioned related U.S. patent application entitled, "Use of Separate Control Channel to Mitigate Interference Problems in Wireless Networking," a different channel may be used, in the unlicensed band or even a channel in the licensed band. Note that as described therein, a benefit of using a separate channel for exchanging the control information is that the channel in use for regular data communication may be unable to exchange such control information at times of interference, and thus the control data is also not available for use in mitigation.
As represented in
Another aspect is local peers, enabling collective processing by RCS-enabled wireless nodes, which is based on another robust coexistence-like service running on the same wireless node. This is alternatively represented in
Moreover, combining robust coexistence-like services on the same node provides the option of obtaining one fully functional set of components, even if, for example, each robust coexistence service does not have a full set of components that would make it fully functional by itself. Thus,
Turning to an explanation of the basic operation of the robust coexistence service 320,
As also represented in
The Cooperative Protocol
In accordance with various aspects of the present invention, the cooperative protocol is provided for information exchange among each RCS-enabled system, including control data containing interference information, whereby an improved wireless experience may result. The cooperative protocol may be run over home networks, enterprise networks and in other computing environments, and is extensible. In general, the cooperative protocol administers the exchange of control data among RCS-enabled system nodes, which may be thought of as administering the control plane between the nodes. As mentioned above, the protocol provides structure/mechanisms for peer discovery, peer information exchange, and for binding a transport mechanism used to deliver the protocol.
As described above, the robust coexistence service collects the RF interference information, and in conjunction with the cooperative protocol, and in a typical wireless network having an access point, exchanges corresponding control data within the basic service set (BSS). The control data may be used to signal other modules and applications, so that interference mitigation action can be offered and taken at each local recipient system. The path for exchanging the cooperative protocol's control data can be assigned to either the current RF channel, a separate RF channel in the current spectral band, a completely separate channel in another unlicensed band (e.g. moving from 802.11g in 2.4 GHz to 802.11a in 5 GHz), or even selecting a RF channel within a licensed spectral band, as described in the aforementioned related U.S. patent application entitled, "Use of Separate Control Channel to Mitigate Interference Problems in Wireless Networking." The three transport options provide spectral extensibility and backwards compatibility of RCS-enabled systems, which allows users to integrate older devices that can, for example, be made to move by an RCS-enabled system from channels experiencing high amounts of interference to others experiencing less interference, but may not be able to move to another unlicensed spectral band and/or to a licensed band.
Thus, using the cooperative protocol, remote (and local) peers can provide radio interference and spectrum details about their immediate surroundings. Significantly, one peer can notify a remote peer of localized interference, which can then be collected and used by the notified peer to initiate mitigation of the interference.
As mentioned above, interference information, whether locally or remotely obtained, is formatted as a record that is maintained in a respective peer table 480 (
The contents of the peer table (e.g., 480C) are shared by a local and a remote peer, and are used in deciding how the transmission from a node may be modified, primarily based on the condition at the receiver node. Various operations of the robust coexistence service are directed towards collecting environment data at various levels of granularity (in the level of details and in time) and making them available to the peers.
In one implementation generally represented in
A second level, Level 2, contains known band condition information for (typically all of) the 802.11 channels at a coarse level, such as the presence or absence of interference and so forth. This gives an overview of the entire 802.11 a/b/g bands, along with enough information that will allow a mitigation algorithm in an application program, WLAN MP driver or the like to decide to which band and/or channel to switch, and/or another way to avoid the interference. This enhanced RF information may include radio measurements per 802.11(k) and dynamic frequency and power adjustment information per 802.11(h).
A third level, Level 3, contains channel condition information comprising relatively detailed and specific information about the nature of any interferers in the currently operating 802.11 channel. Such information may include a time stamp indicating when the measurement was taken, the nature of the interferer, the location of the interferer in frequency, duty cycle, periodicity and any other types of detected or processed data, which may be used to pinpoint mitigation actions.
The full three levels of information need not be available all of the time, however when the three levels of information are available, the RCS mitigation operations typically will be the most effective. However, mitigation can be attempted using only Level 1 and Level 2, and some mitigation may still be possible in the event of only Level 1 availability.
As generally represented in
From an RCS point of view, the primary use of the control data at any node (e.g., node A) is to decide whether there is interference at node A (the transmitting node), whether there is interference at the one-hop away node (the receiving node), and if there is interference, what mitigation action is to be taken at node A. Secondarily, the control data may be used by other system functions by accessing the information stored in the access point's peer table. An example, non-exhaustive list of such functions includes a management function that chooses the access point that a station should associate with in an extended service set (ESS), in a mesh network, the best multi-hop route, and the ability to provide a single extensible table for additional information such as QoS options and selected parameters, traffic loads, location information, and so forth. Note that as represented in
Although as described above the robust coexistence service is BSS-centric, and therefore no separate discovery of nodes is necessary because the formation of IBSS (or the Infrastructure BSS) has associated the operational nodes, capability discovery is still performed as part of exchanging control data. Thus, once an RCS-enabled system has associated with a WLAN AP, it begins looking for other RCS enabled systems through the discovery message exchange. During this exchange, the cooperative protocol and the transport for the exchange of the protocol is selected. The choice of transport can be either IP or Link Layer, as described above.
As generally represented in
At this point discovery and setup is complete, and a steady-state has been reached between the two peers with respect to RF spectrum and interference information exchange. As represented in
In this manner, a device may exchange control data with a peer for the purpose of mitigating the effects of interference on data communications. As can be understood, in an ad hoc/mesh type network, the peer tables may be extended to support multiple peers. Note that in future environments in which data may be communicated over multiple frequencies, such as one channel for receiving data and one for sending, different peer tables (or additional rows) may be used for separately maintaining the control data relevant to each frequency.
As can be seen from the foregoing detailed description, there is provided a protocol by which nodes in a wireless network exchange control data and thereby are able to avoid interference or mitigate the effects of interference on wireless network communications. The protocol allows negation of a transport from among different possible transport, and also provide different levels of granularity with respect to the control data such that devices can exchange different levels of control data based on their capabilities. The protocol allows for mitigation based on locally-sensed data and remotely-sensed interference data, thereby providing an improved wireless experience, including in the presence of RF interference.
While the invention is susceptible to various modifications and alternative constructions, certain illustrated embodiments thereof are shown in the drawings and have been described above in detail. It should be understood, however, that there is no intention to limit the invention to the specific forms disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, alternative constructions, and equivalents falling within the spirit and scope of the invention.
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Started Dec 12, 2011 | Discussions thread
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There was a few threads about the topic and I noticed that I'm not the only one experiencing that NiMH batteries die fast. The won't hold charge and they will not hold charge at all after a few months of using and charging. I thought that it was the fault of my chargers, but I later gave a try to the much lower mAh Eneloops. Now I only use those, no more NiMH in my bag.
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Featured Slideshow
Microsoft ships Office 2013 SP1 the old-fashioned way
Microsoft delivered the first service pack for Office 2013 on Tuesday, making good on a promise last year to ship the update in early 2014 and synchronizing its release with prior editions' initial service packs.
Office 2013 Service Pack 1 (SP1) was accompanied by similar updates for Exchange 2013 and SharePoint 2013, the two most important server-side products that tie in with Office in enterprises.
Google Chrome 33 released, with better security
The new release proves controversial as Google tightens control over the browser to the anger of some users.
In terms of new features, version 33 is rather disappointing – despite debuting in the beta channel a few weeks ago, Google Now notifications have yet to make their way across to the stable channel. In fact, version 33 is little more than a bug-fix release, with 28 security fixes the only notable highlight.
VMware and Google announce Windows applications for Chrome OS
VMware is teaming up with Google to bring Windows applications to Chrome OS machines.
The system will use VMware's Blast HTML5 technology to virtualise a Windows environment under Chrome OS.
With the rise in sales for the Google based operating system (OS), there has arisen a need to find a way to run traditional systems in a Chrome environment, and this represents an opportunity for enterprise users who are still tied to Windows XP, which is into its final two months of service life, to continue more or less uninterrupted without having to fear the threat of malware.
Microsoft is 'seriously considering' bringing Android apps to Windows
Microsoft reportedly is 'seriously considering' allowing Android apps to run on its Windows and Windows Phone operating systems.
That's according to The Verge, which has heard from sources familiar with Microsoft's plans that the company is mulling the prospect of bringing Android apps to both Windows and Windows Phone in order to win over new customers.
Firefox 27 Delivers Better Security, Performance
Mozilla today released Firefox 27, giving users of the open-source browser new security features and improved performance.
There are 13 security advisories attached to the Firefox 27 release, four of them ranked as being critical. As is common in nearly all Firefox release updates, one of the critical updates is for a group of vulnerabilities that Mozilla labels "Miscellaneous memory safety hazards."


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DG R.A.C.E. Slip-On Muffler - 294-2120
- Part #: 432942
- Manufacturer Part #: 294-2120
- MSRP Price: $274.95
- Our Price: $247.46
$27.49 (10%)
Overview of DG R.A.C.E. Slip-On Muffler - 294-2120
- R.A.C.E. or Round Aluminum Comp. Exhaust available in three powder-coated colors
- Features stainless steel inlet pipe, turn-down end cap and screen-type spark arrestor that is removable
Included Items:
(1) Muffler w/mid pipe
(1) 8mm-1.25 x 40mm flange head bolt
(1) 20mm spacer
(1) Pipe spacer
|Muffler/Silencer w/Spark Arrestor
|6.7 lbs
Specs for DG R.A.C.E. Slip-On Muffler - 294-2120
|Muffler/Silencer w/Spark Arrestor
|6.7 lbs
Fitment for DG R.A.C.E. Slip-On Muffler - 294-2120
Part 432942 fits the following machines
See if this part fits your ride
|1992 Honda TRX250X FourTrax
|1991 Honda TRX250X FourTrax
|1988 Honda TRX250X FourTrax
|1987 Honda TRX250X FourTrax
|2008 Honda TRX300EX
|2007 Honda TRX300EX
|2006 Honda TRX300EX
|2000 Honda TRX300EX FourTrax
|1999 Honda TRX300EX FourTrax
|1998 Honda TRX300EX FourTrax
|1997 Honda TRX300EX FourTrax
|1996 Honda TRX300EX FourTrax
|1995 Honda TRX300EX FourTrax
|1994 Honda TRX300EX FourTrax
|1993 Honda TRX300EX FourTrax
|2005 Honda TRX300EX Sportrax
|2004 Honda TRX300EX Sportrax
|2003 Honda TRX300EX Sportrax
|2002 Honda TRX300EX Sportrax
|2001 Honda TRX300EX Sportrax
|2009 Honda TRX300X
Reviews for DG R.A.C.E. Slip-On Muffler - 294-2120
Great product
I bought this for my 2007 Honda 400ex and expected to put it right on and go. WRONG. There was no supplied clamp that was supposed to come with it, and it reccomends a #152 main jet and removing the airbox snorkel. Would be better if the airbox and jets could be left stock. Sounds Great However.I would recommend this item to a friend.
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Great sound
I bought this and i was wanting something that made my 4 wheeler sound good. and it made it sould great. and for the price i paid you can not beat it. love the sound, love the loook, love it all together.I would recommend this item to a friend.
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Instructions and Media for DG R.A.C.E. Slip-On Muffler - 294-2120
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Last 24 hours
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What follows are snippets from previews and full first impressions of the 55th Berlin International Film Festival, that is, the 2005 edition of the Berlinale. For a (very) brief overview of the festival's history, click here.
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The North Branch-Chisago Lakes FIRST Robotics Team will be competing in the 10,000 Lakes Regional at Williams Arena on the campus of the University of Minnesota Friday and Saturday March 28-29. Sixty-four robots will roll into action 8:30 a.m.- 5 p.m. Friday and 9 a.m.-4:30 p.m. Saturday. Teams will...Read More
10000 Lakes Regional
FIRST Robotics Team 3038, from North Branch and Chisago Lakes, competed in the 10,000 Lakes Regional at the Williams Arena over the weekend. The competition began on Friday with the robot taking part in 7 competition rounds. Competition rounds continued on Saturday morning with two additional rou...Read More


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See other Stockholm properties
Skanstulls Hostel
Real Reviews
Real reviews from fellow travellers
These are trusted reviews from guests who have actually stayed here. We hope you find them helpful.
Note: we only give a property a rating once it has received a minimum of 3 reviews.
- Page:1/1
- " Excellent!!! Love the big kitchen and dining room. The food left by previous customer are for free in the fridge. Pasta is also for free. By those food I spent nearly nothing for eating during the three day stay. And the staff is very nice as well. "
- 23 Aug 2014 Anonymous Taiwan
- " Ok hostel. City backpackers was a much better hostel. Stayed in both. "
- 31 Jul 2014 Konrad USA
- " I had a lovely time in this hostel, apart from the lack of air conditioning or fans. I understand sweden's a cold place, but it was very difficult to sleep in summer in the poorly ventilated room. The hostel would be improved by more activities, or guests to mingle. The staff were lovely, but not overly helpful in finding places to eat or visit. The location is out of the hustle and bustle of central Stockholm - refreshing, but with no good idea of where to go, I felt I missed seeing the city. "
- 28 Jul 2014 Anonymous Australia


text:
Payrolls rose less than projected in January and the jobless rate unexpectedly dropped to the lowest level in more than five years, clouding the outlook for the U.S. economy and Federal Reserve.
Employers in the U.S. probably added more than twice as many workers in January as in the prior month and the unemployment rate held at a five-year low, economists project a report will show today.
Shares of staffing and recruiting companies are beginning to outperform as demand for U.S. labor rebounds.
Jean-Luc Guillaume always presumed he'd retire at about 60, just like his civil-servant father.
Hiring by American employers trailed the most pessimistic forecasts in March, casting doubt on the strength of the expansion now in its third year.
Hiring by American employers trailed forecasts in March, casting doubt on the vigor of the more than two-year-old economic expansion.
As orders from food makers have picked up during the past year, Create-A-Pack Foods Inc. turned to a staffing company, Kelly Services Inc., to add about 100 workers.
The unemployment rate in the U.S. unexpectedly fell to 7.8 percent in September, giving President Barack Obama's re-election campaign a boost a month before the election.
The American jobs engine sputtered in May as employers added the fewest workers in a year and the unemployment rate rose, dealing a blow to President Barack Obama's re-election prospects and raising the odds the Federal Reserve will step in to boost growth.
"Companies will be more confident about making stronger investment in people and capital as the outlook continues to strengthen."
- Carl Camden on Feb 07, 2014
Kelly's Camden Says 'Jobs' As We Know Them Are Gone (Audio)
Kelly's Camden on Jobs, IMG's Levy on Fashion Week: Hays
Kelly's Camden Says 200,000 Jobs Needed for Economy
Truglia on Greek Debt; Camden on Temporary Workers
Kelly's Camden Sees 'Positive' Hiring Signs


text:
Captain Mark Kelly describes how he witnessed the resilience of the human spirit in the miraculous recovery of his wife, Representative Gabby Giffords.
Captain Mark Kelly, Motorola, details how his determination as a combat pilot shaped his career at NASA.
Captain Mark Kelly, Shaklee Global Conference, chronicles examples of adversity that strengthened his will to succeed.
Bono Pays Tribute to Captain Mark Kelly and the Crew of Endeavor
Captain Mark Kelly Provides Insight Into How His Experience At NASA And Years In The Military Can Help Leaders Succeed In Business.
Captain Mark Kelly: A Journey of Discovery
Captain Mark Kelly And His Brother, Scott On Their Groundbreaking NASA Twins Experiment.


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New find for 5800 owners
Many of us have been tring for some time to overclock the memory. Many post on it in here.
Well, here is how. :)
Just download coolbits and install the new 44.03 bets FX drivers.
It now works.
I guess I was right after all. Some flamed me when I said NV had disabled it VIA drivers. They said Bios.
I was right. ;) :dance:
Anyway I just run 3DM03 at 550/1100. My new score is in my sig.
Almost 6500. I'll break 7000 with this ultra soon. ;)
Is that stock cooling?
Just curious, does that 60 sound not supported penalize your 3dmark score? I saw some beta drivers on creative.com that were made by tom's hardware.com, and I thought that was weird but it says it's faster sound performance.
I think it has more in it. :)
I just updated my 3DM01 score also. A new best. :angel:
I see 18,000 coming soon.
nice baby nice.
keep it up (my FX is staying at its measly 500mhz core, but you go boy!)
u da man
I do have a very small fan blowing on the memory heatsinks.
Just a little bit of air cooled mine down to 39 to 40c at idle. :)
Heck my auto overclocker sets my card at 570/1130. :D
BK, can you point us in the direction of that 44.xx driver? not seeing it any of my usual sources, sir.
/edit: ooops found the thread in our Det forum. my bad.
Why did they ever get rid of the flowFX, just think of nv35's at 570mhz.... oh man.
i also added a small fan on the memory heatsinks hehe.
ya thats all fine and dandy and those scores are interesting...but since you cant get that score when running at 2450x2450 w/ 16x FSAA and 8x AF...its flimsy.
take your little woossy 570/1130mhz piece of junk and go home lamer
amazing that with the new DetFX and with the
extreme overcloking capabilities of Nv30 lineup
and their tweaked AF/AA modes ,looks like NVidia have re-launched
again all their cards .. :)
i still remember one of the first detonators drivers..
there were no reason and no competition when
i got the Geforce2 GTs , and the detonators increased
all my games performance from 10%-20% percent.. :)
now i suspect we are talking about 30%-40% and even more
with the detFx... :D
very sweet! COngratulations to Nvidia.. :)
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Alumni return to campus for Reunion 2015
Weekend features plenty of fun, schmoozing and learning.
Share your memorable Brandeis Conversations with your fellow alumni
New online/social media campaign asks for alumni to put into words their most memorable Brandeis moment.
Alumni trustees make generous gifts to Catalyst Fund
Perry Traquina '78 and Jonathan Davis '75 support initiative to keep Brandeis education accessible and affordable.
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Thank you for a memorable weekend! Over 1,200 alumni, family and friends gathered on campus June 5-7 for Reunion 2015. Browse photo albums and read about the entire weekend in a Reunion wrap-up.
Join us on Monday, August 10, at the exquisite Metropolis Country Club, White Plains, NY. A fun day for a great cause! Register.
|Resumes, interview skills, job leads and more. The Hiatt Career Center offers free services to Brandeis undergraduate alumni for life.»
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Brandeisians of the Last Decade (Bold) sponsors events and activities for recent grads throughout the country. Check out upcoming events especially for Bold alumni and follow us on Facebook!
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The Brandeis University Institutional Advancement Division is a comprehensive development and alumni relations enterprise that integrates the critical functions of fundraising, alumni relations and advancement services. Read more.


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McGHEE FAMILY CEMETERY
Black cemetery. Was located off Shields Street in Channelview, on banks of San Jacinto River. Map-459W Moved to Evergreen-Barrett cemetery; site now used as pipe yard. McGhee's were former slaves on the Magee Homestead. Joe McGhee built a one-room schoolhouse in 1916 for Common School District No. 18, used until 1942. One of the oldest school houses in the county, now sits behind the Channelview Library on I-10 East.
(From "AT REST" by Trevia Wooster Beverly)
Recorded by George E. Wolf Jr.
Feb. 20,2008
I went to Evergreen-Barrett Cemetery and found the McGhee Family Plots.
In Memory of the McGhee Family.
Peter McGhee Jr.-PVT US ARMY WWII, Born-1926 Died-March 30,1988
Sadie McGhee Born-Jan. 16,1886 Died-Dec. 3,1970
Eliza Ann Bryant Born-May 15,1930 Died April 14,1962, Daughter of Peter and Sadie McGhee
Joe McGhee Born-1848 Died-1922
Eliza McGhee Born-1866 Died 1939
Joe Wiley, PVT 410 Res. Labor BN QMC, Born-Jan. 22,1890 Died-Oct. 25,1944
Two Metal crosses, metal tags hard to read.
Copyright ©2009


text:
product details-Tab
Design: The Vifah Shorea Hardwood Ward Armchair let's you spend your lazy days relaxing. Featuring beautiful Mahogany Shorea hardwood construction, this armchair boasts a comfortable design that can be enjoyed for years to come. Material: The Ward ArmChair is made of Shorea is a tropical hardwood found and developed in South East Asia. There is little difference between Shorea and Teak when broken down to their core essence. The biggest attribute of shorea is undoubtedly the strength of the timber. It's renowned for its excellent resistance to every day wear and tear. Shorea is extremely durable and tightly grained to produce a desirable density. The formidable strength of shorea puts it in good stead as the leading hardwood in the wood working and construction industry. This is certainly helped by the fact that it remains unaffected by all variations in weather. A resistance to damp conditions makes shorea extremely competent at combating insect attacks and decay. Due to the impressive strength of the timber, shorea is classified as a Group A heavy hardwood. There are sparse few timbers which can lay claim to being as downright tough as the tropical hardwood, and shorea is thus the leading hardwood in the decking and patio furniture industry. Key features and specification:


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My child has
As she prepared for an evening party, Georgia Lacombe let her 1-year-old daughter, Alexandra, watch television with older cousins. Georgia went upstairs, leaving the kids in front of the TV with Georgia's sisters in the nearby kitchen. Within minutes, Georgia heard family members calling for Alexandra.
Georgia ran outside to find her brother-in-law pulling Alexandra out of the pool. Georgia, a respiratory therapist at Cook Children's Medical Center, and her sister, a former flight attendant, peformed CPR on Alexandra until an ambulance arrived.
Alexandra was rushed to Cook Children's Emergency Department and then transferred to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. Through clinical care and the administration of steroids, Alexandra recovered and is now a healthy 7 year old who has taken swimming lessons.
"We are all so busy that it's easy to let your kids get out of your sight, but it only takes a split second for something terrible to occur," Georgia said. "It's critical to be aware of your surroundings and always make sure things are secure and safe."
Safe Kids Tarrant County, led by Cook Children's, offers these important layers of protection to keep your child safe while swimming:
Life jackets save lives. The U.S. Coast Guard states that nationally, more than two-thirds of all fatal boating accident victims drowned, and of those, 90 percent were not wearing life jackets. In 2008, 63 percent of all child fatalities resulted from drowning.
Here are important Texas boating facts from the Texas Parks and Wild Life Department:
To learn more about water safety or to obtain a Water Watcher tag, contact Terri Ford, Safe Kids Tarrant County coordinator, at 682-885-1619 or at firstname.lastname@example.com.
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The oversight board that puts parental ratings on video games took the unusual step Wednesday of slapping its strongest warning on a bestselling title as the game maker admitted putting explicit, interactive sex scenes on the disc.
Retailers began pulling copies of "Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas" from their shelves after the Entertainment Software Ratings Board revoked the game's "Mature" rating and raised it to "Adults Only." Publisher Take-Two Interactive Software Inc. said it planned to rework "San Andreas" — the top-selling video game of 2004 — and reissue it later this year.
The ratings board is similar to the Motion Picture Assn. of America's rating board. A "Mature" rating is analogous to an R movie rating, and "Adults Only" is equivalent to NC-17. Most retailers refuse to sell "Adults Only" games.
Executives at New York-based Take-Two had denied for weeks that company programmers were responsible for the graphic sex scenes, which can be unlocked with software that was widely available on the Internet. But Wednesday they acknowledged that the game's designers had created the scenes, dubbed "Hot Coffee."
"The editing of any game is a highly technical process," said Take-Two spokesman Rodney Walker. "We liken it to a painter who paints one painting and paints over it on the same canvas."
Walker's explanation did little to mollify critics, who point to the "Grand Theft Auto" series to highlight the issue of violence and sexuality in video games. The games celebrate nihilistic killing, and Take-Two has reveled in its image as the bad boy of a $25-billion global game industry that's trying to gain respectability to match its profits.
"It looks like Take-Two Interactive purposefully conned the video game industry rating board and parents across the country," said Washington state Rep. Mary Lou Dickerson. " 'San Andreas,' as a top-selling game in the country, now is in the hands of thousands of children who can practice interactive pornography. There should be legal consequences
so [the company doesn't] laugh all the way to the bank."
"San Andreas," which retails for about $50, has sold more than 12 million copies worldwide since its launch in October. "Mature" rated games are intended for players older than 17. Many retailers keep such games under lock and key and have policies requiring clerks to check the identification of buyers.
Wal-Mart Stores Inc., which accounts for as much as 20% of video game sales in the United States, began removing "San Andreas" from its shelves Wednesday, as did Best Buy Co.
"Our policy is not to carry any adult titles on our shelves," said Wal-Mart spokeswoman Karen Burk, who said buyers "can certainly bring the product back" for a refund.
Take-Two said it would make a patch available for downloading so that customers could block the sex scenes.
Word of the scenes began spreading over the Internet last month after Dutch programmer Patrick Wildenbourg began distributing software that he said unlocked them.
Many video games have secrets to which players gain access as they progress. They might, for instance, win extra powers or reach hidden levels.
"Hot Coffee," by contrast, is an interactive sex game, featuring oral sex and intercourse.
Wildenbourg, who removed his software from the Internet on Wednesday, declined to comment.
As late as last week, Take-Two had insisted that the sex scenes were "the work of a determined group of hackers who have gone to significant trouble to alter scenes in the official version of the game." Hackers, the company said, created the scenes by "disassembling and then combining, recompiling and altering the game's code."
The scenes prompted an outcry from game critics, including Sen. Hillary Rodham Clinton (D-N.Y.), who last week called for a federal investigation into "Hot Coffee."
The Entertainment Software Ratings Board began a review to determine whether the scenes were part of the game's original code and warranted a re-rating of "San Andreas," versions of which play on Sony Corp.'s PlayStation 2, Microsoft Corp.'s Xbox and personal computers.
"After a thorough investigation, we have concluded that sexually explicit material exists in a fully rendered, unmodified form on the final discs of all three platform versions of the game," said Patricia Vance, president of the ratings board. "Clearly the [original] rating was incorrect, and it needed to be corrected."
Hidden Sex Scenes Spark Furor Over Video Game
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Many retailers wont carry the bestselling Grand Theft Auto game now that its rating has been raised to is Adults Only.
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I personally think Final Fantasy XIV: All Our Yens Edition siphons so much of their money, that everything has to be monster hits just to make up the amount spent on that tired ass franchise.
Fixed. That was the topper on a shitshow clown college that SE had sank to since 2000.


text: > View Product Details Please select the size of the product. Please enter valid quantity. Laundry by Shelli Segal black jersey sequined one shoulder long sleeve dress overview details Retail: $245.00 Bluefly: $99.00 50% Off : $49.50 color : We're sorry. This style is sold out. Black Spice things up tonight with a sassy black dress from Laundry by Shelli Segal. Color: Black Mid-weight jersey knit One-shoulder neckline Single long sleeve Allover sequin detail at skirt Fully lined interior Contemporary fit Invisible side zip closure Size 4 measures approximately 17'' long from natural waist; may vary by size 95% Polyester / 5% Spandex; Contrast: 96% Rayon / 4% Spandex; Lining: 100% Polyester; Dry Clean; Imported; style#320876201


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A roundup of the most talked about political and global stories in the Jewish world this week:
Netanyahu visits
"We could better the lives of hundreds of millions," Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said in a speech this week before AIPAC. "We all have so much to gain from peace." His rallying cry roused the commentators: "Netanyahu's AIPAC speech was essentially, then, a well-crafted rebuttal of the threats and delusions emanating from Washington, which does not believe Israel understands much about the region and remains blind to its insights. Israel will manage regardless," wrote P. David Hornik at FrontPage Mag. "Obama's strong-arming will never change that truth. He owes America's closest ally in the region far better," said a New York Daily News editorial. Stay tuned.
Ukraine worries
Fears in the combative area of Ukraine are escalating. "Some say the recent street fighting in Kiev, the Ukrainian capital, and the prospect of a nationwide civil war, could unleash latent Ukrainian anti-Semites. Others say the danger comes mainly from Russians who may assume a growing degree of control over Ukrainian society," reported The Jewish Week. This may be a no-win situation for them, argued Marc Tracy. "What seems to be consistent is this: Both sides are using Ukraine's Jewish community as a symbolic pawn, in which the credibility of the other side can be diminished by accusations of anti-Semitism." Not many are optimistic about this situation as it grows more dire.
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Bearly Awake
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Bearly AwakeBearly Awake (2001) Season 1 Episode 103-A- Stanley Cartoon Episode Guide
This page has been viewed 14 times this month, and 529 times total.
- Stanley Cartoon Episode Guide
- Walt Disney Television Animation.
- Distributed by: ABC Cable Network.
- Cartoon Characters: Stanley, Dennis, Mom, Dad, Harry, Elsie, Lionel, Lester, Ms. Diaz, Mimi, Marci.
- Originally Released in 2001.
- Season: 1
- Running Time: 11 minutes.
Cartoon Summary:
Dennis encourages a restless Stanley to go to sleep by telling him about how bears need to hibernate during certain times of the year.
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Do you have anything to add to this page? Have we made any mistakes... or do you ahve any additional information about Bearly Awake? If so, we would love to hear from you. Please send us a quick note with your additions or corrections to this page, and we will make the corrections as soon as possible!Report Errors / Submit Additional Information
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Do you love Bearly Awake, or do you think it is the worst cartoon ever? Let us know what you think! Surely you have an opinion... so share what you think. Take a minute and post your own comments about this cartoon here.


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Noobs - Unite in Southern California Mountains!
View Single Post
KOTW is a myth!
Joined: Mar 2008
Location: I'm in jail Dad, and I like it here.............
Oddometer: 7,274
Originally Posted by
The RFK is a great event! Partner up, leave early, keep your stops to a minimum, bring your GPS and roll chart holder, then have a great ride!
No roll chart holder required for this event if you have a GPS. Seems RAZR and I were the only ADV people there yesterday for this event. The event raised over $47,000 for the Paediatric Brain Cancer Foundation. Too bad more people didn't show up and break the $50k mark for a great cause.
Let me say that for a second year, this ride also helped me to contribute to the National Innertube Association with a record four (4) flats in the first 20 miles of the ride. Nails and bolts
. So after using all of my tubes and even snagging one from some flat billers I ran across
, I had to head back to the vehicle and call it a day as I knew this was not my day for riding, especially with a massive hangover in tow.
BTW, Kalitrailrider isn't a Noob...........................
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Clippers win again, 4-1.
Mudcats losing 5-0
Mudcats still with only one hit. Donnie Joseph gives up two runs in one inning of work.
Jukich has been pitching very well lately. I wonder if the Cardinals wish they'd stashed him. He'll go Rule 5 this year again, IMO, if he's not protected (and I don't see how we can afford to do that).
I'd love to think this is a try-out for Torreyes, but he'd have to absolutely crush the ball over the week plus play Gold Glove level defense.
Having seen his numbers, I can't discount that, but doubt he does. Still, if Torreyes can hit well now and hit just as well in Spring Training, he might have a chance.
It'd be awfully cool to see Torreyes, Hamilton, Read, Barnhart, Duran, and Yorman in Dayton next season. That's six guys with enough tools to build a city. Add in the pitching found in Billings and the younger guys in low A that may need to repeat and that team could very well have 10 or 11 future major league players on its 2011 Opening Day roster, with five or six of them as true impact guys.
That would be a ridiculously talented and extremely young team. Not one of those offensive players would be old enough to buy beer. Heck, most of them could be seniors in high school.
"You can learn little from victory. You can learn everything from defeat."
-- Christy Matthewson
"Show me a good loser and I'll show you an idiot."
-- Leo Durocher
In Dayton's 5-3 loss . . .
Volquez: 7 IP, 5 H, 1 R, 0 ER, 1 BB, 9 K.
Cabrera (SS): 3 0 0 0
It was 1-1 when Volquez left the game.
Last edited by mace; 09-02-2010 at 12:05 AM.
Billings leads 2-0 after three.
Donald Lutz, HR.
Sliding Billy, 3B.
Jonathan Correa: 3 IP, 3 H, 6 K.
Any insight on Volquez...line looks promising.
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text:
True Detective (TV series)
From Wikiquote
True Detective is an American television anthology drama series on HBO about the lives of two detectives, Rust Cohle and Martin Hart, that become entangled during a 17-year hunt for a serial killer in Louisiana. The show was created and written by Nic Pizzolatto, with the first season directed by Cary Joji Fukunaga.
- 1 Season 1
- 2 Season 2
- 3 Cast
- 4 External links
Season 1[edit]
The Long Bright Dark [1.1][edit]
- Marty Hart: You know, I've seen all the different types. We all fit a certain category-- the bully, the charmer, the, uh, surrogate dad, the man possessed by ungovernable rage, the brain-- and any of those types could be a good detective, and any of those types could be an incompetent shitheel.
- Maynard Gilbough: Which type were you?
- Marty Hart: Oh, just a regular type dude... with a big ass dick.
- Marty Hart: There can be a burden in authority, in vigilance, like a father's burden. It was too much for some men. A smart guy who's steady is hard to find. I was all right, better than some, but, you know, I knew how to talk to people, and I was steady. Rust-- now his Texas files were classified or redacted, and he wasn't big on talking except when you wanted him to shut up, but he was smart.
- Rust Cohle: This kind of thing does not happen in a vacuum. I guarantee this wasn't his first.
- Rust Cohle: People out here, it's like they don't even know the outside world exists. Might as well be living on the fucking Moon.
- Marty Hart: There's all kinds of ghettos in the world.
- Rust Cohle: It's all one ghetto man, giant gutter in outer space.
- Rust Cohle: I'd consider myself a realist, alright? But in philosophical terms I'm what's called a pessimist.
- Marty Hart: Okay, what's that mean?
- Rust Cohle: It means I'm bad at parties.
- Marty Hart: Let me tell you, you ain't great outside of parties either.
- Rust Cohle: I think human consciousness is a tragic misstep in evolution. We became too self-aware. Nature created an aspect of nature separate from itself. We are creatures that should not exist by natural law. We are things that labor under the illusion of having a self, this accretion of sensory experience and feelings, programmed with total assurance that we are each somebody, when in fact everybody's nobody. I think the honorable thing for our species to do is to deny our programming. Stop reproducing. Walk hand in hand into extinction. One last midnight, brothers and sisters opting out of a raw deal.
- Marty Hart: I got an idea, let's make the car a place of silent reflection from now on. Okay?
- Rust Cohle: This place is like somebody's memory of a town, and the memory is fading. It's like there was never anything here but jungle.
- Marty Hart: Stop saying shit like that. It's unprofessional.
- Ken Quesada: Now, this perpetrator will be apprehended, and he will know swift Louisiana justice.
- Billy Lee Tuttle: I don't mean to tell men of your positions, but there is a war happening behind things.
Seeing Things [1.2][edit]
- Rust Cohle: I think about my daughter now, and what she was spared. Sometimes I feel grateful. The doctor said she didn't feel a thing, went straight into a coma. Then, somewhere in that blackness, she slipped off into another deeper kind. Isn't that a beautiful way to go out, painlessly as a happy child? Trouble with dying later is you've already grown up. The damage is done. It's too late.
- Rust Cohle: You know me. I don't see the connection between two dead cats and a murdered woman. [pause] But I'm from Texas.
- Rust Cohle: Came close another time... Lorry. Maggie introduced us. It broke off. It was for the best, you know, I gave her cause. I can be hard to live with. I don't mean to, but I can be... critical. [sigh] Sometimes I think I'm just not good for people, that it's not good for them to be around me. I wear 'em down. They... they get unhappy.
- Maynard Gilbough: Hmm... yeah I think the job does that to a lot of guys. Changes ya. Some guys just notice that's all.
- Rust Cohle: I can't say the job made me this way. More like me being this way made me right for the job. I used to think about it more, but you reach a certain age you know who you are. Now I live in a little room, out in the country behind a bar, work four nights a week, and in between I drink. And there ain't nobody there to stop me. I know who I am. And after all these years, there's a victory in that.
- Marty Hart: [about Beth] That girl's not 18. Sheriff know you got under age workin' here?
- Jan: What do you know about where that girl's been? Where she come from? You wanna know Beth's situation 'fore she ran out on her uncle?
- Marty Hart: There are other places she could go.
- Jan: such holy bullshit from you. It's a woman's body, ain't it? A woman's choice.
- Marty Hart: Well, she don't look like a woman to me. At that age she is not equipped to make those kinda choices. But I guess you don't give a shit what kind of damage she's doin' to herself as long as you're makin' your money.
- Jan: Girls walk this Earth all the time screwin' for free. Why is it you add business to the mix and boys like you can't stand the thought? I'll tell you. It's cause suddenly you don't own it the way you thought you did.
- Marty Hart: [Gives money to Beth] Do something else.
- [they leave]
- Rust Cohle: That a down payment?
- Marty Hart: Is shitting on any moment of decency part of your job description?
- [Rust sniffs]
- Marty Hart: What?
- Rust Cohle: You wash up, you got some pussy on ya.
- Marty Hart: Key to a healthy marriage.
- Rust Cohle: Oh, that's Maggie, huh?
- Marty Hart: Hey! What's with your fucking nose?
- Rust Cohle: Nothing man, sorry, forget it.
- Marty Hart: I get a connotation being implied here... about my wife?
- Rust Cohle: Are you saying that's your wife? That high tide you're walking in with?
- Marty Hart: [Angrily slams Rust into a locker] You got some idea how my wife's pussy is supposed to smell?
- Rust Cohle: No, I just meant you're wearing the same clothes as you did yesterday. [slowly grabs Martin's wrists] Coupled with the fact that I ain't stupid. Wasn't making no comment as to the particularity of the scent.
- Marty Hart: You don't say fuck-all about my wife... don't say her name!
- Rust Cohle: You got some self loathing to do this morning, that's fine, but it ain't worth losing your hands over.
- Marty Hart: How would that work exactly?
- Rust Cohle: I'd just apply a couple of pounds of pressure. [tightens the grip on Martin's wrists] Snap your wrists. You're senior detective, think I'm lying?
The Locked Room [1.3][edit]
- Rust Cohle: What do you think the average IQ of this group is, huh?
- Marty Hart: Can you see Texas up there on your high horse? What do you know about these people?
- Rust Cohle: Just observation and deduction. I see a propensity for obesity. Poverty. A yen for fairy tales. Folks puttin' what few bucks they do have into a little wicker basket being passed around. I think it's safe to say nobody here's gonna be splitting the atom, Marty.
- Marty Hart: You see that. Your fucking attitude. Not everybody wants to sit alone in an empty room beating off to murder manuals. Some folks enjoy community. A common good.
- Rust Cohle: Yeah, well if the common good's gotta make up fairy tales then it's not good for anybody.
- Rust Cohle: Transference of fear and self-loathing to an authoritarian vessel. It's catharsis. He absorbs their dread with his narrative. Because of this, he's effective at proportion to the amount of certainty he can project. Certain linguistic anthropologists think that religion is a language virus that rewrites pathways in the brain. Dulls critical thinking.
- Marty Hart: Well, I don't use ten dollar words as much as you, but for a guy who sees no point in existence, you sure fret about it an awful lot. And you still sound panicked.
- Rust Cohle: At least I'm not racing to a red light.
- Marty Hart: I mean, can you imagine if people didn't believe, what things they'd get up to?
- Rust Cohle: Exact same thing they do now. Just out in the open.
- Marty Hart: Bullshit. It'd be a fucking freak show of murder and debauchery and you know it.
- Rust Cohle: If the only thing keeping a person decent is the expectation of divine reward, then brother that person is a piece of shit; and I'd like to get as many of them out in the open as possible.
- Marty Hart: Well, I guess your judgment is infallible, piece-of-shit-wise. You think that notebook is a stone tablet?
- Rust Cohle: What's it say about life, hmm? You gotta get together, tell yourself stories that violate every law of the universe just to get through the goddamn day. Nah. What's that say about your reality, Marty?
- Rust Cohle: This... This is what I'm talking about. This is what I mean when I'm talkin' about time, and death, and futility. All right there are broader ideas at work, mainly what is owed between us as a society for our mutual illusions. Fourteen straight hours of staring at DB's, these are the things ya think of. You ever done that? You look in their eyes, even in a picture, doesn't matter if they're dead or alive, you can still read 'em. You know what you see? They welcomed it... not at first, but... right there in the last instant. It's an unmistakable relief. See, cause they were afraid, and now they saw for the very first time how easy it was to just... let go. Yeah They saw, in that last nanosecond, they saw... what they were. You, yourself, this whole big drama, it was never more than a jerry-rig of presumption and dumb will, and you could just let go. To finally know that you didn't have to hold on so tight. To realize that all your life--you know, all your love, all your hate, all your memories, all your pain--it was all the same thing. It was all the same dream, a dream that you had inside a locked room, a dream about being a person. And like a lot of dreams, there's a monster at the end of it.
- Marty Hart: Do you wonder ever if you're a bad man?
- Rust Cohle: No. I don't wonder, Marty. World needs bad men. We keep the other bad men from the door.
Who Goes There [1.4][edit]
- Marty Hart: Every time I think you've hit a ceiling, you, you keep raising the bar. You're like the Michael Jordan of being a son of a bitch.
- Marty Hart: Fuuuck! Hell of a bedside manner you've got, Rust.
- Rust Cohle: Ahh, you know, being stupid is different than going in sick, and this is a bar, not a fuckin' bedside.
- Rust Cohle: [to Marty] All the dick swagger you roll, you can't spot crazy pussy?
- Rust Cohle: [to Marty] So, enough with the self-improvement-penance-hand-wringing shit. Let's go to work.
The Secret Fate of All Life [1.5][edit]
- Marty Hart: Do you know the good years when you're in them, or do you just wait for them until you get ass cancer?
- Marty Hart: What always happens between men and women? Reality.
- Rust Cohle: In eternity, where there is no time, nothing can grow. Nothing can become. Nothing changes. So Death created time to grow the things that it would kill and you are reborn but into the same life that you've always been born into. I mean, how many times have we had this conversation, detectives? Well, who knows? When you can't remember your lives, you can't change your lives, and that is the terrible and the secret fate of all life. You're trapped by that nightmare you keep waking up into.
- Marty Hart: See, infidelity is one kind of sin, but my true failure was inattention.
Haunted Houses [1.6][edit]
- Beth: [on the phone to Marty] I really wanted to see you. I've been thinking about something all week. I think...I want you to fuck me in my ass. [pause] I've never done that before, but I think I want you to do it to me.
- Rust Cohle: The newspapers are gonna be tough on you. And prison is very, very hard on people who hurt kids. If you get the opportunity, you should kill yourself.
- Maggie Hart: There's no such thing as forgiveness. People just have short memories.
- Rust Cohle: [to Marty] Without me, there is no you.
- Rust Cohle: I quit.
- Leroy Salter: You serious?
- Rust Cohle: I'll send you a letter. Yeah. Fuck this. Fuck this world. Nice hook, Marty.
- Marty Hart: A man's game charges a man's price. Take that away from this, if nothing else.
After You've Gone [1.7][edit]
- Rust Cohle: Life's barely long enough to get good at one thing. So be careful what you get good at.
- Marty Hart: You know, you know what, I don't think I've been very clear with you Rust. If you were drowning, I'd throw you a fuckin' barbell. Why would I ever help you?
- Rust Cohle: Because you owe a debt.
- Marty Hart: Hey. You better get those jumper cables ready, the motherfucker is lying.
- Rust Cohle: [to Maggie] Get on out of here, you're classin' the place up.
- Thomas Papania: You know there's a little church around here? Pretty old? Black minister?
- Errol Childress: You must mean Son of Life, sir. That place shut down. '05, I think, just after all them hurricanes.
- Thomas Papania: Mmm. You live around here?
- Errol Childress: No, sir. I live in St. Martin. Got a parish contract. Take care of some cemeteries, public schools.
- Thomas Papania: All right. Thanks. Hey, you know how to get to 49 from here?
- Errol Childress: Sure. About a half-mile, you'll see a left. PR 1435. Take that. About 7 miles of fields, you'll hit 49 before Crowley.
- Thomas Papania: Know your way around, huh?
- Errol Childress: Oh, yeah, boss. I know the whole coast. My family-
- Thomas Papania: [cutting him off] Thanks.
- [Papania drives off. Errol steps off the lawnmower, wipes sweat from his forehead and surveys the field he's been mowing]
- Errol Childress: My family's been here a long, long time.
Form and Void [1.8][edit]
- Errol's Sister: You have a good walk?
- Errol Childress: [affecting a refined English accent] Yes, my dear. Top-notch walk this morning. Top-notch constitutional. It's been weeks since I left my mark...would that they had eyes to see.
- Errol Childress: Now, Betty, I have very important work to do. My ascension removes me from the disc and the loop. I'm near final stage. Some mornings, I can see the infernal plane.
- Errol Childress: Couldn't you tell me about Grampa?
- Errol's Sister: I was in the cane fields, and he caught me when I was alone. And the dirt was warm. I felt the dirt warm on my back.
- Rust Cohle: Look, as sentient meat, however illusory our identities are, we craft those identities by making value judgments: everybody judges, all the time. Now, you got a problem with that... You're livin' wrong.
- Rust Cohle: What are you doing here?
- Marty Hart: Nothing. Nurse said I could come in.
- Rust Cohle: Are you watching me sleep?
- Marty Hart: You know what, I just got here. I was gonna leave, but then you woke up. Jesus, what's your fucking problem.
- Rust Cohle: Nothing much of a problem.
- Marty Hart: Not a care in the world.
- Rust Cohle: We didn't get 'em all.
- Marty Hart: Yeah, and we ain't gonna get 'em all. That ain't what kind of world it is. But we got ours.
- Rust Cohle: I'm not supposed to be here.
- Marty Hart: Yeah... well, I'll come back by tomorrow, buddy.
- Rust Cohle: Why?
- Marty Hart: Don't ever change, man.
- Rust Cohle: Once there was only dark. If you ask me, the light's winning.
Season 2[edit]
The Western Book of the Dead [2.1][edit]
- Ray Velcoro: [to a boy who bullies his son] If you ever bully or hurt anybody again, I'll come back and butt fuck your father with your mom's headless corpse on this goddamn lawn.
- Ray Velcoro: I used to want to be an astronaut. But astronauts don't even go to the moon anymore.
- Frank Semyon: Never do anything out of hunger. Even eating.
Night Finds You [2.2][edit]
- Ray Velcoro: Sometimes, a good beating provokes personal growth.
- Ray Velcoro: Somebody was looking for something. Explains the torture.
- Ani Bezzarides: Maybe. [glancing at Kaspar's pornographic art] Guy thought about fucking a lot.
- Ray Velcoro: [about e-cigarettes] I tried one of those once. Felt like it was smoking me. Maybe it was too close to sucking a robot's dick. I dunno.
- Ani Bezzerides: The fundamental difference between the sexes is that one of them can kill the other with their bare hands. A man of any size lays his hands on me, he's gonna bleed out in under a minute.
- Ray Velcoro: Well, just so you know, I support feminism, mostly by having body image issues.
Season 1[edit]
- Matthew McConaughey - Detective Rustin "Rust" Cohle
- Woody Harrelson - Detective. Martin "Marty" Hart
- Michelle Monaghan - Maggie Hart
- Michael Potts - Detective. Maynard Gilbough
- Tory Kittles - Detective Thomas Papania
- Kevin Dunn - Major Ken Quesada
- Alexandra Daddario - Lisa Tragnetti
- Charles Halford - Reginald "Reggie" Ledoux
- Jay O. Sanders - Billy Lee Tuttle
- Glenn Fleshler - Errol William Childress
- Elizabeth Reaser - Laurie Perkins
- Lili Simmons - Beth
Season 2[edit]
- Colin Farrell - Detective Ray Velcoro
- Vince vaughn - Frank Semyon
- Rachel McAdams - Detective Ani Bezzarides
- Taylor Kitsch - Officer Paul Woodrugh
- Kelly Reilly - Jordan Semyon
- Richie Coster - Mayor Austin Chassani
- Lolita Davidovich - Nancy Spencer
- James Frain - Lieutenant Kevin Burris
- W. Earl Brown - Detective Teague Dixon
- Afemo Omilani - Police Chief Holloway
- Christopher James Baker - Blake Churchman
- Rick Springfield - Dr. Pitlor
External links[edit]
- True Detective quotes at the Internet Movie Database
- True Detective at TV.com


text:
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#5 to #4 - loxly (09/10/2012) [-]
Yes I like it very much (i got the runes too) and i'm a lol player so that much of a bonus. I have it for almost 2 years now and it works like a charm. So i just wanted to know for how much did you buy it. I got it for 35 euros, but the price is diffrent every where. (I'm just curious, if you don't want to tell me, don't)


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|Artist: Various Artists
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CONDITION: Brand New
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Seller Information
Learn more about Best Blue Note Album In The Wo:
Format: CD
Manufacturer: Emd/blue Note
Sku: 60367915
Release Date: 8/31/1999
See more in Jazz
Song Listing
Disc 1
Song Title
1. Song For My Father - Horace Silver ~ Various Artists
2. Blue Train - John Coltrane ~ Various Artists
3. Moanin' - Art Blakey & The Jazz Messengers ~ Various Artists
4. Blues Walk - Lou Donaldson ~ Various Artists
5. Autumn Leaves - Miles Davis/Cannonball Adderley ~ Various Artists
6. Sidewinder - Kenny Burrell ~ Various Artists
7. Midnight Blue, The - Lee Morgan ~ Various Artists
8. Watermelon Man - Herbie Hancock ~ Various Artists
9. Amen - Donald Byrd ~ Various Artists
10. Born To Be Blue - Grant Green/Ike Quebec ~ Various Artists
Disc 2
Song Title
1. Cantaloop (Flip Fantasia) - US3 ~ Various Artists
2. Turnaround, The - Big John Patton ~ Various Artists
3. Greasy Granny - Charlie Hunter Trio ~ Various Artists
4. Back At The Chicken Shack - Jimmy Smith/Stanley Turrentine ~ Various Artists
5. Soy Califa - Dexter Gordon ~ Various Artists
6. Girl From Ipanema, The - Eliane Elias ~ Various Artists
7. Thinkin' About Your Body - Bobby McFerrin ~ Various Artists
8. Tupelo Honey - Cassandra Wilson ~ Various Artists
9. At Last - Dianne Reeves/Lou Rawls ~ Various Artists
10. Because I Love You - Richard Elliot ~ Various Artists
Album Notes and Credits
Notes & Personnel Info
|Includes liner notes by Michael Cuscuna.
|This is part of Virgin's Best... Ever! series.
|Lyricist: Jimi Hendrix.
|Personnel: Stanley Turrentine (tenor saxophone); Lee Morgan (trumpet).
|Liner Note Author: Michael Cuscuna.
|The Best Blue Note Album in the World Ever may boast a silly title, but it's hard to argue with what's on this double-disc sampler. Not all of the label's greatest artists are here, but everything is representative, showing how hard bop like John Coltrane's "Blue Train" and Lee Morgan's "The Sidewinder" coexisted with soul-jazz from Grant Green ("Born to Be Blue"), Jimmy Smith ("Back at the Chickenshack"), and Horace Silver ("Song for My Father"). It is true that US3's "Cantaloop" sounds distinctly out of place here and that the latter-day stuff, no matter how good it is, isn't quite as magical as the classic era, but there's no denying that The Best Blue Note Album in the World Ever provides a lot of bang for the buck. ~ Stephen Thomas Erlewine
Producer: Felix Cromey (Compilation)
Technical Info
|Release Date : 08/31/1999
|Original Release Date : 1999
|Catalog ID : 20070B
|Label : Blue Note (Label)
|Number of Discs : 2
|Studio/Live : Studio
|Mono/Stereo : Mixed
|SPAR Code : n/a
Professional Reviews
Q (7/99, p.129)
- 3 stars (out of 5)
- "...A record which demonstrates how rock acts nick from jazz....Notably, however, this 'is' a jazz record and not Jamiroquai or Sade pretending."
- 3 stars (out of 5)
- "...A record which demonstrates how rock acts nick from jazz....Notably, however, this 'is' a jazz record and not Jamiroquai or Sade pretending."
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