text:
The utilization of a controlled buffer and tags associated with read requests and the transmission of data in response to these requests, along with the transmitted tag information, is used to avoid a read-modify-write operations occurring in a communications adapters whose function it is to assemble various pluralities of data blocks, each with a varying amount of information, into single data packets for transmission from the adapter's memory. The presence of error correction capabilities associated with the adapter's memory would otherwise require the utilization of the read-modify-write operation which is bandwidth limiting.
1. A method for transferring blocks of data of varying size to an addressable memory having words stored therein which are protected by error correction, said method comprising:
storing, within a register, sequentially adjacent portions of received data blocks not falling on error correction word boundaries of said addressable memory; and
storing, within said addressable memory, received portions of data blocks merged with said adjacent portions so as to form words within said addressable memory corresponding to said error correction word boundaries for said addressable memory.
2. The method of
3. The method of
4. A communications adapter for assembling a plurality of different size data blocks into a single data packet, said adapter comprising:
a memory for storing data addressable by words which are protected by error correction coding;
a buffer for storing a plurality of received words and for storing a tag for each received word;
a control circuit for controlling said buffer so as to merge less than word size portions of received data with data stored in said buffer which matches data stored in said memory as indicated by said tags stored in said buffer.
5. A computer readable medium having computer executable instructions for transferring blocks of data of varying size to an addressable memory having words stored therein which are protected by error correction, by carrying out the steps of:
storing, within a register, sequentially adjacent portions of received data blocks not falling on error correction word boundaries of said addressable memory; and
storing, within said addressable memory, received portions of data blocks merged with said adjacent portions so as to form words within said addressable memory corresponding to said error correction word boundaries for said addressable memory.
[0001] The present invention is generally directed to methods and systems for transferring a plurality of blocks of data of varying size to a memory that includes error correction code (ECC) capabilities that are applied to portions of the memory that are not changed when new data to be stored is received, particularly when that data does not fall on memory address boundaries corresponding to the error correction boundaries for the memory. More particularly, the present invention is directed to a system and method for ensuring that data written into an ECC protected memory word includes already-written data when the amount of data being written is less than a full ECC protected word. Even more particularly, the present invention is directed to a system and method which employs tags associated with data blocks that may or may not span multiple ECC protected memory words.
[0002] The present invention is particularly useful in data processing systems employing or including a plurality of nodes. Each of these nodes may include one or more processors. Either at the node level or at the processor level, but more typically at the node level, it is typically the case that data is to be sent elsewhere, that is to other nodes or processors in the same data processing system or to nodes or processors in remote systems. The link to "elsewhere" in many systems is an adapter, also known as a communications adapter. More particularly, in systems marketed and sold by the assignee of the present invention, this function is provided by what is referred to as a host channel adapter (HCA). It is the function of the HCA, and similar communication adapters, to assemble a plurality of blocks of data of varying length into a data packet. The data packet thus includes one or more, and typically multiple, data blocks. Each one of the data blocks typically includes a different number of bytes. The HCA includes an addressable memory in which the data packets are assembled prior to their transmission out of the adapter to "elsewhere."
[0003] Because of increases in interprocessor communication rates, it is also desirable to increase the memory buffer resources on host channel adapters (HCAs). Thus, it is also seen that it is desirable to increase the density of memory devices that are used in host channel adapters. Because of this increase in memory density, there is an increase in the probability of bits errors due to the well known problem of alpha particle interactions. Since this leads to an increase in the bit error rate for stored data, it is sensible for HCA vendors to use Error Correcting Code (ECC) to protect the HCA memory contents. Typically, an ECC implementation covers multiple bytes of data with a single set of ECC check bits used for error detection and for error correction. For example, a set of 8 ECC check bits is found to be typical for protecting 64 bits of data, that is, for protecting a single data word (see below for the meaning of "word" as used herein).
[0004] As used herein the term "word" in reference to the memory that receives data refers to the number of bytes that go into the computation of check bits used by ECC circuitry in the memory. It also refers to the quantity of data that is written into the memory at one time, that is during one write cycle operation. It is also noted that herein one is not necessarily limited to "bytes" of data that are always 8 bits long. This is not an attempt to change the commonly accepted definition of what constitutes a "byte," but rather is merely an indication that the present invention is not limited by the number of bits written into or read from the receiving memory at one time. It is this amount of data that is protected using redundant bits provided by any convenient error detection and/or error correction method.
[0005] If data to be written to the memory were supplied in quantities that always fell on word boundaries for the memory, there would be no problem. However, in situations such as the one addressed by the present invention, a major function of the HCA (or any similar device) is the assembling of packets of information from a plurality of blocks of data (say, from 1 to n blocks) with each block containing a variable number of bytes (say, from 1 to m bytes). In this situation chunks of data arrive which do not fall on word boundaries of the memory in the HCA device in which packets for transmission are assembled.
[0006] When only a portion of a data word in an ECC protected memory is to be modified, all of the bytes of that data word are still used internally in the memory for the calculation of new check bits for that data word. Thus, a read-modify-write operation is typically performed: the complete addressed data word is read from the memory before the new ECC can be calculated and the new data word written into the memory. It is one of the objects of this invention to eliminate the need for performing this read operation since it is otherwise a constraint on the bandwidth of the HCA and also on the bandwidth of the data processing system in which it is employed.
[0007] In accordance with a first preferred embodiment of the present invention, a method and system are provided for transferring blocks of data of varying size to an addressable memory having data stored therein in words which are protected by error correction. In the present invention, if the first word of a requested data block does not start on and span across an error correction word boundary of the HCA memory, then the portion that would be contained within the first error correction word boundary in the HCA memory for that block is stored within a register or buffer. Likewise, if the last word of a requested block does not end on and span across an error correction word boundary of the HCA memory, then the portion of that word that would be contained within the last error correction word boundary in the HCA memory for that block is stored in a register or buffer. Received portions of data blocks are merged in the buffer or register with the adjacent portions so as to form words aligned with addresses in the addressable HCA memory corresponding to the error correction word boundaries. In this fashion, partial buffer or register contents are always available for storing portions of data blocks into the addressable memory without the need for performing a read operation to retrieve portions of memory words that are unchanged. The present invention also preferably employs tags that link read requests to the data blocks that are returned in response to a read request.
[0008] As blocks of data are written into the communication memory (that is into the memory of the HCA), if a particular block ends on an uneven boundary, which would normally require a read-modify-write operation in order to calculate the corresponding ECC, rather than reading out the target data word, the last partial-data word is written into the memory and is also stored in a side buffer as a "boundary word" for that block. When the next sequential block of data is to be written into the memory, because the previous block ended on an uneven boundary, this next block starts on a corresponding uneven boundary. To calculate the ECC check bits for the first partial-data word, the previously stored "boundary word" is retrieved from the side buffer and is merged with the new data and used in the calculation of the new ECC value.
[0009] Using boundary words to manage the writing of data into the communication memory provides a significant advantage in that it improves the bandwidth into that memory. In this regard, it should be noted that the boundary word buffer, particularly as employed herein, is typically implemented with very fast registers that are accessed in a single cycle, without contention. In contrast, the communication memory on an HCA is typically implemented using a memory that may take several cycles to access, and may be shared between several elements, thus resulting in contention for every access. Using the boundary word method herein removes the need to perform a read from the slower memory as part of the ECC calculation for parts of the data stream being written to the communication memory.
[0010] Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to increase the bandwidth of host channel adapters and like devices and systems which are employed in assembling packets of data.
[0011] It is a further object of the present invention to promote the reliability of data communications by eliminating one of the drawbacks that can occur in the use of error correction and detection.
[0012] It is also an object of the present invention to eliminate read-modify-write operations that would otherwise be employed in the process of assembling data packets in an ECC protected memory.
[0013] It is a still further object of the present invention to provide a buffer mechanism operating faster than the ECC protected adapter memory as a replacement for a memory read operation.
[0014] It is yet another object of the present invention to increase the flexibility of storage operations associated with the assembling of data packets, especially with respect to data packets built from multiple blocks of varying size (width).
[0015] Lastly, but not limited hereto, it is object of the present invention to increase the efficiency and reliability of interprocessor communications.
[0016] The recitation herein of a list of desirable objects which are met by various embodiments of the present invention is not meant to imply or suggest that any or all of these objects are present as essential features, either individually or collectively, in the most general embodiment of the present invention or in any of its more specific embodiments.
[0017] The subject matter which is regarded as the invention is particularly pointed out and distinctly claimed in the concluding portion of the specification. The invention, however, both as to organization and method of practice, together with the further objects and advantages thereof, may best be understood by reference to the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings in which:
[0018]FIG. 1 is a block diagram providing an overview of the environment in which the present invention is employed;
[0019]FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating the structure of a Host Channel Adapter in a manner which highlights one of the specific problems solved by the present invention;
[0020]FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating the field structures associated with a read request sent from a Host Channel Adapter and the field structure associated with a corresponding data response;
[0021]FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the nature of the problem caused when the returned data portion is less than a full word, thus resulting in overlapping data only some of which is different than data destined for the same word in the HCA memory;
[0022]FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating the field structure provide in the Read Pending Transaction Buffer (RPTB); and
[0023]FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a system in accordance with the present invention which avoids the need for read operations from the HCA memory.
[0024] To facilitate the communication of data between two computers, between two processors or between two data processing systems, each computer typically employs a hardware element called a Host Channel Adapter (HCA) that connects between a memory or I/O channel on the local computer and an external communication link. Via the HCA, a particular computer sends data from its local memory to a remote computer, or receives data from a remote computer for storage in its local memory. This situation is illustrated more particularly in FIG. 1 which provides an overview illustration of the environment in which the present invention is employed. Computer 100 in FIG. 1 includes memory 150 which contains data which is to be assembled into packets. Read Request 210 from HCA 200 results in the transmission of requested blocks of data from memory 150 (CMEM—for "computer" memory) to HCA 200 for assembly into data packets 290 in memory 250 (AMEM—for "adapter" memory) for transmission.
[0025] During a send operation, HCA 200 functions to gather requested data blocks 110 from computer memory 150, assemble those blocks into a packet utilizing memory local to HCA (AMEM 250), and, once assembly is complete, send output data packet 290 out on an external communication link. For a given packet, there may be from 1 to n blocks of data to gather, and those blocks may be of different sizes, ranging from 1 to m bytes each, as described above.
[0026] However, in preferred HCA designs, it is desirable to protect the data in AMEM 250 via the use of Error Correcting Code (ECC) circuits 260, as shown in FIG. 2. The ECC circuit generates redundant check bits that are associated with an AMEM memory word, which is typically the smallest addressable portion of AMEM 250. Typically, the data word covered by an ECC is greater than a single byte. For example, there exist ECC mechanisms where an 8 byte data word is covered by a single 8-bit ECC byte. A problem with using ECC to protect multibyte data words in memory, is that if only a portion of a data word in the memory is to be updated, then the entire data word normally would have to be read out in order to calculate the new ECC value for the new, merged data word. FIG. 2 illustrates the fact that data return path 280 is provided as a mechanism for feeding back to input register 270 the value of the word containing the portion that is not to be over written when a partial block is received by the HCA. This operation is called a read-modify-write operation (RMW). As a result of the RMW, the bandwidth between CMEM 150 and AMEM 250 is reduced. The present invention eliminates the need for a read-modify-write operation and thus also eliminates the need for feedback path 280. Put another way, the present invention eliminates the need to read AMEM 250 when updating a partial data word in AMEM 250, thus improving bandwidth between the CMEM and the AMEM.
[0027] Prior to reading blocks from CMEM 150 for the packet, control unit 350 in HCA 200 allocates an area in AMEM 250 in which blocks 110 are assembled into packet 290. As each read-request for the data blocks is issued to CMEM 150, it is assigned a transaction tag (see FIG. 3 for the structure of the read request and its associated read response) that is attached by computer 100, or by CMEM 150 itself, to read-response data blocks (see reference numeral 10 in FIG. 3). In accordance with the present invention, HCA 200 is provided with read-pending transaction buffer (RPTB) 400 whose structure is more particularly illustrated in FIG. 5. Under control of control unit 350 RPTB 400 stores information about each transaction, and is indexed via the tag value. The tag value is initially provided by HCA 200 in field 216 in Read Request Structure 210. This same tag value is returned in field 114 of Read Request Response Structure 110. An entry in RPTB 400 contains: the address in AMEM 250 where the read-response data is to be stored (AMEM_START_ADDR); the size of the response data (SIZE); a field containing the tag for the transaction that updates the first byte of the data word addressed by the AMEM_START_ADDR (PREV_TAG). Finally, each tag value has a Boundary Word Register (BWR) associated with it. The purpose of the BWR is to store the sub-data word fragment at the tail of the data block being written to the AMEM. Using procedures described below, which is carried out under the direction of control unit 350 the BWR is used to complete each of the data words being written to the AMEM, rather that having to read the AMEM to get the fragments at the block boundaries.
[0028] The primary advantage of using BWR 400 rather than reading AMEM 250, is that BWR 400 is easily implemented as a single-cycle access memory that is dedicated to the boundary word function. Typically, an AMEM is so dense as to require several cycles for access, and may be shared between several elements, thus resulting in potential collision for each access and a concomitant reduction in overall bandwidth through the HCA.
[0029] The following assumptions underlie the operation of the preferred embodiment of the present invention: while assembling blocks from the CMEM into a packet in the AMEM, it is assumed that the packet starts on an AMEM address corresponding to the first byte of a data word; also, it is assumed that if the total length of the blocks assembled does not equal a number of bytes that is an integer multiple of the number of bytes in a data word, then the end-padding bytes are 'don't care' bytes since they are not intended for transmission.
[0030] 1. When data blocks are required from the CMEM for the construction of a packet, the HCA generates a series of read requests 210. Each read request 210 is assigned a transaction tag (see field 216 in FIG. 3). When CMEM 150 (or computer 100) responds to a read request, the transaction tag that is associated with the corresponding read request is returned with the read-response data (see field 114 in FIG. 3).
[0031] 2. As assumed, the AMAC_START_ADDR for the first data block is even (that is, it points to the AMEM address of the first byte of a data word). Subsequent AMEM_START_ADDR (AMEM Start Address in FIG. 5) values for a given tag are equal to the AMEM_START_ADDR+SIZE for the previous tag's block request.
[0032] 3. For a particular tag, the PREV_TAG (Previous Tag in FIG. 5) value corresponds to the tag assigned to the transaction which updates the first byte of the data word addressed by AMEM_START_ADDR. This value is only meaningful if the AMEM_START_ADDR does not address the first byte of a data word.
[0033] 4. When transferring a block of read-response data received in from CMEM 150, if the AMEM_START_ADDR is uneven (that is, an address not corresponding to the first byte of a data word), then the BWR for the tag contained in the PREV_TAG field of the current transaction's RPTB entry is merged with the first sub-word of CMEM data to be written to AMEM 250. The resulting data word is then transferred to the AMEM address corresponding to the first byte of the data word containing the byte addressed by the AMEM_START_ADDR, and is also stored back into the BWR for the PREV_TAG.
[0034] 5. When transferring a block of read response data 110 received from CMEM 150, if the final byte of the block to be written to the AMEM is not the final byte of an AMEM data word, and if the AMEM_START_ADDR for the transaction does not reference the same data word that contains the last byte in the block, then the BWR for the current transaction's tag is merged with the last sub-word of CMEM data to be written to AMEM 150. The resulting data word is then transferred to the AMEM address corresponding to the first byte of the data word containing the last byte of the original CMEM data to be written to AMEM 150, and is also stored back into the BWR for the current tag.
[0035] In the following example, the AMEM is 8 bytes wide, and the ECC covers 8 bytes, but is not part of the addressed space. A view of this example is also provided in FIG. 4 which indicates the filling up of 3 words in AMEM up to and including the arrival of a partial word having only 3 bytes.
[0036] A packet that is 3316 (the subscript indicating a hexadecimal notation base) bytes long (decimal 51) is to be sent out by the HCA. In this case, the packet is made up of 2 blocks of data from CMEM 150, where the boundary between the 2 blocks ends up being uneven in AMEM 250. Table I below shows the structure of the data blocks as they are assembled in AMEM 250. The entries in single quotes in Table I represent hexadecimal values. When the last data word of block #1 is written into AMEM 150, it is merged with the BWR for tag #1 (BWR(1)), such that the first 3 bytes of the data word are the last 3 bytes of block 1, and the last 5 bytes are the last 5 bytes in BWR(1). BWR(1) is updated so that its first 3 bytes are the last 3 bytes from data block #1, and it's last 5 bytes are unchanged.
[0037] When the first data word of block #2 is written, 000016 into the AMEM, it is merged with BWR(1), such that the first 3 bytes of the data word are the first 3 bytes from BWR(1), and the last 5 bytes of the data word are the first 5 bytes of block #2. BWR(1) is then updated so that the last 5 bytes are the first 5 bytes of block 2, and the first 3 bytes are unchanged.
[0038] Note that the order in which the data blocks are received in from CMEM 150 does not affect the execution of the algorithm or the correctness of the final packet as it is built in AMEM 250.
[0039] While the invention has been described in detail herein in accordance with certain preferred embodiments thereof, many modifications and changes therein may be effected by those skilled in the art. Accordingly, it is intended by the appended claims to cover all such modifications and changes as fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention.
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text:
Just yer average Jeep...
You can see the transfer case mated up to the motor perfectly:
Let's see this thang REALLY plow through the land now!
Allright, now for the rest of the spcifications:
This is the Monogram kit dated from 1978, in which recent issues were released Revell (the release I got is the Revell "Complete" series issue, which was molded in yellow and had paints and glues).
Mostly box stock cept for the HEMI motor which came from the '32 Ford 5 Window coupe.
Went together well, but the installing the doors are a PAIN IN THE U-KNOW WHERE!! So I left them out and made it like the off road version (which some of the parts were ommited from this release)
The Body was molded pretty good and with barely any swril marks on the yellow plastic, I decided to leave the molded color and apply future over it to call it a day (though everything else was painted obviously).
Hope you enjoy!
'77 Jeep CJ-7
Started by RickRollerLT1, Jul 01 2011 04:43 PM
3 replies to this topic
Posted 01 July 2011 - 04:43 PM
Posted 02 July 2011 - 08:42 PM
Looks great
Posted 03 July 2011 - 08:12 AM
Posted 03 July 2011 - 08:18 AM
I like it!

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Asus R704A-RH51 17.3" Notebook - Intel Core i5-3210M, 4GB RAM, 750GB HDD, DVDRW, Windows 8 (64-Bit) - Update your Windows 8 PC to Windows 8.1 for free through the Windows Store
Customer Reviews of Asus R704A-RH51 17.3" Notebook - Intel Core i5-3210M, 4GB RAM, 750GB HDD, DVDRW, Windows 8 (64-Bit)
A great bargan!12/12/2013
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ASUS Laptop8/21/2013
ASUS computers are always dependable and this one is no exception.0 Helpful | 1 Not Helpful
Very Good Laptop7/5/2013
The laptop has a very nice screen, very good speakers for a laptop. Seems fast enough, added 4 GB memory to up the total to 8 GB. There is no provision to go back to Windows 7. My personal opinion is that Windows 8 is almost unusable. I purchased Win 7 Pro and redid the the whole thing , a real hassle. Rakuten's price is low enough to be able to do that. Shipping was quick and cheap. A great deal overall. BTW, this not a touch screen laptop.
Great PC in reasonable price6/25/2013
This PC equipped with enough power for daily usage and entertain purpose. A great buy!


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A method and apparatus for indexing digital video and audio signals using a digital database. A user may index the digital images by content within the images, through annotation, and the like. The database can contain high resolution and low resolution versions of the audio-video content. The indexed video can be used to create web pages that enable a viewer to access the video clips. The indexed video may also be used to author digital video disks (DVDs). The video may be enhanced to achieve DVD quality or be accessed to enhancing the digital signals and indexing the digital signals. The user may choose to enhance the digital signals by combining frames into a panorama, enhancing the resolution of the frames, filtering the images, and the like.
1. A method of image processing comprising:
segmenting a video sequence into a plurality of video clips;
processing said video clips of the video sequence identifying common attributes between video clips and tracking the identified common attributes through the plurality of video clips;
storing said video clips in said database such that the stored video clips comprise video clips having the tracked identified common attributes; and
indexing said stored video.
2. The method of
accessing said database using a web page authoring tool to organize said video clips.
3. The method of
4. The method of
5. The method of
compressing said video clips and said video sequence using a high resolution compressor; and
a DVD authoring tool for organizing said compressed video clips and video sequence onto a DVD.
6. The method of
7. The method of
8. The method of
adding ancillary data to said video clips.
9. The method of
10. The method of
11. The method of
enhancing the stored video clips.
12. The method of
reducing image noise in said video clips.
13. A method of image processing comprising:
segmenting a video sequence into video clips;
storing said video clips in a database with an associated unique identifier;
storing said video clips in said database;
indexing said stored video; and
enhancing the stored video clips, wherein said enhancing further comprises:
reducing image noise in said video clips, wherein said step of reducing image noise further comprises:
aligning images in an image sequence within the video clips;
averaging pixels in said aligned images over time;
performing a temporal fast Fourier transform on said averaged pixels to produce a control signal;
controlling a filter using said control signal; and
filtering said image sequence.
14. A method of image processing comprising:
segmenting a video sequence into video clips;
storing said video clips in a database with an associated unique identifier;
storing said video clips in said database;
indexing said stored video; and
enhancing the stored video clips, wherein said enhancing step further comprises:
deinterlacing images in said video clips.
15. The method of
aligning a first image field to a second image field of an interlaced scanned image sequence within said video clip to produce a flow field;
adding a one-half pixel vertical motion to said flow field;
warping said second image field using said flow field;
interleaving said warped second field with said first field;
outputting a progressively scanned frame.
16. A method of deinterlacing an image sequence comprising:
aligning a first image field to a second image field of an interlaced scanned image sequence to produce a flow field;
adding a one-half pixel vertical motion to said flow field;
warping said second image field using said flow field;
interleaving said warped second field with said first field;
outputting a progressively scanned frame.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/158,469, filed on Oct. 8, 1999, which is herein incorporated by reference.
The invention relates to audio-video signal processing and, more particularly, the invention relates to a method and apparatus for enhancing and indexing video and audio signals.
Over the years, video camera (camcorder) users create a large library of video tapes. Each tape may contain a large number of events, e.g., birthdays, holidays, weddings, and the like, that have occurred over a long period of time. To digitally store the tapes, a user must digitize the analog signals and store the digital signals on a disk, DVD, or hard drive. Presently there is no easy way to organize the digital recordings or to store such recordings in an indexed database where the index is based upon the content of the audio or video within a clip. As such, the digital recording is generally stored as a single large file that contains the many events that were recorded on the original tape. As such, the digitized video is not very useful.
Additionally, although consumer electronics equipment is available for processing digital video, the quality of the video is not very good, i.e., this video does not have a quality that approaches DVD quality. The digital video has the quality of analog video (e.g., VHS video). As such, there is a need for consumers to enhance digital video and create their own indexable DVDs having DVD quality video and audio. However, presently there is not a cost effective, consumer electronics product available that would enable the home user to organize, index and enhance the digital video images for storage on a DVD.
Therefore, a need exists in the art for techniques that could be used in a product that enables a consumer to enhance and index the digital signals.
The invention provides a method, article of manufacture, and apparatus for indexing digital video and audio signals using a digital database. A user may index the digital images by content within the images, through annotation, and the like. The database may contain high resolution and low resolution versions of the audio-video content. The indexed video can be used to create web pages that enable a viewer to access the video clips. The indexed video may also be used to author digital video disks (DVDs). The video may be enhanced to achieve DVD quality. The user may also choose to enhance the digital signals by combining frames into a panorama, enhancing the resolution of the frames, filtering the images, and the like.
The teachings of the present invention can be readily understood by considering the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
To facilitate understanding, identical reference numerals have been used, where possible, to designate identical elements that are common to the figures.
The signal processor 104 comprises a digitizer 110, a unique ID generator 122, an AV database 124, a temporary storage 112, a segmenter 114, a video processor 121, a low resolution compressor 120, and a high resolution compressor 118. A signal enhancer 116 is optionally provided. Additionally, if the source signal is a digital signal, the digitizer is bypassed as represented by dashed line 130.
The digitizer 110 digitizes the analog AV signal in a manner that is well-known in the art. The digitized signal is coupled in an uncompressed form to the temporary storage 112. Alternatively, the AV signal can be lightly compressed before storing the AV signal in the temporary storage 112. The temporary storage 112 is generally a solid-state random access memory device. The uncompressed digitized AV signal is also coupled to a segmenter 114. The segmenter 114 divides the video sequence into clips based upon a user defined criteria. One such criteria is a scene cut that is detected through object motion analysis, pattern analysis and the like. As shall be discussed below, many of segmentation criteria may be used. Each segment is coupled to the database 124 (a memory) and stored as a computer file of uncompressed digital video 132. The unique ID generator 122 produces a unique identification code or file name for each file to facilitate recovery from the database. In addition to the file of AV information, a file containing ancillary data associated with a particular clip is also formed. The ancillary data may include flow-fields, locations of objects in the video, or different indexes that sort the video in different ways. For example, one index may indicate all those segments that contain the same person.
These files and their unique IDs form the basis for indexing the information within the AV source material. Processing of the criteria used to index the video segments is performed by video processor 121. Indexing organizes the video efficiently both for the user and for the processing units of applications that may use the information stored in the database (e.g., video processor 121 or an external processing unit). The simplest method of organizing the video for the processing units is to segment the video into temporal segments, regardless of the video content. Each processor then processes each segment, and a final processor reassembles the segments.
A second method for indexing the video for efficient processing is to perform sequence segmentation using scene cut detection to form video clips containing discrete scenes. Methods exist for performing scene cut detection including analysis of the change of histograms over time, and the analysis of the error in alignment after consecutive frames have been aligned. U.S. Pat. No. 5,724,100, issued Mar. 3, 1998, discloses a scene cut detection process. Additionally, methods for performing alignment and computing error in alignment are disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/384,118, filed Aug. 27, 1999, which is incorporated herein by reference. If the alignment error is significant, then a scene cut has likely occurred. Another approach to video sequence segmentation is to combine a time-based method and a motion-based method of segmenting the video where video is first segmented using time, and individual processors within segmenter 114 then process the individual video segments using scene cut detection. Part of this processing is typically motion analysis, and the results of this analysis can be used to detect scene cuts reliably with minimal additional processing.
It may be useful for objects (or other attributes) within the video sequence to be detected and tracked. A user can then "click on" a portion of the scene and the system would associate that portion of the scene with an object. For example, the user may "click on" a person's face, and the authoring tool could then retrieve all video segments containing a similar face in the video. It is typically difficult to match a face when the face is viewed from two different viewpoints. However it is much simpler to track a face as it changes viewpoints. Thus, the invention tracks selected faces through one or more scenes using the video processor 121.
Step 202—Input Image Sequence.
Step 204—Perform face detection. This can be done either by a user "clicking on" the video, or by performing a method that detects faces. An example of such a method is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,572,596, issued Nov. 5, 1996 and incorporated herein by reference. Typically automatic face detectors will locate frontal views of candidate faces.
Step 206—Select Face Template. The location of the face is used to select a face template, or set of face features that are used to represent the face. An example is to represent the face as a set of templates at different resolutions. This process is described in detail in U.S. Pat. No. 5,063,603 issued Nov. 5, 1991 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,572,596, issued Nov. 5, 1996 herein incorporated by reference.
Step 208—Detect faces. The video is then processed to locate similar faces in the video. Candidate matches are located first at coarse resolutions, and then subsequently verified or rejected at finer resolutions. Methods for performing this form of search are described in detail in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,063,603 and 5,572,596. The clip identification, the face identification and the location coordinates of the face are stored in memory. The face identification is given a unique default name that can be personalized by the user. The default name, once personalized, would be updated throughout the database.
Step 210—Track faces. The locations where similar faces in the video have been detected are then tracked using a tracker that is not necessarily specific to tracking faces. This means that the tracker will function if the person in the scene turns away or changes orientation. Example of such a tracker include a frame-to-frame correlator, whereby a new template for correlation is selected at each frame in the video and tracked into the next frame of the video. The new location of the feature is detected by correlation, and a new template is then selected at that image location. The tracking feature is also used across clips such that, once a person is identified in one clip, a match in another clip will automatically identify that person.
Step 212—Store Tracks and Face Information. An image of the face region detected by the initial face finder can be stored, as well as the tracks of the person's face throughout the video. The presence of a track of a person in a scene can be used for indexing. For example, a user can click on a person in a scene even when they are turned away from the camera, and the system will be able to locate all scenes that contain that person by accessing the database of faces and locations.
Returning to
The web page authoring tool can be used to create web pages that facilitate access to the low resolution files 128 and the uncompressed video clips. In this manner, a consumer may create a web page that organizes their video tape library and allows others to access the library through links to the database. The indexing of the clips would allow users to access imagery that has, for example, a common person (face tracking) or view the entire video program (the entire tape) as streamed from the low resolution file 128.
The DVD authoring tool 106 stores the high resolution compressed AV material and also stores a high resolution compressed version of the clips from the database. As such, the database contents can be compressed and stored on the DVD such that the indexing feature is available to the viewer of the DVD. Additionally, the DVD authoring tool enables a user to insert annotations to the video clips such that people or objects in the video can be identified for future reference.
The audio signals may also be indexed such that the voice of particular people could be tracked as the faces are tracked and the clips containing those voices can be indexed for easy retrieval. Keywords useage can also be indexed such that clips wherein certain words are uttered can be identified.
The video and audio signals can be enhanced before high resolution compression is applied to the signals. The enhancer 116 provides a variety of video and audio enhancement techniques that are discussed below.
Applications: Web & DVD Usage
The enhanced and indexed video is presented to a user on a variety of different media, for instance the Web and DVDs. The presentation serves two purposes. The first one is for high quality viewing but without the limitation of a linear media like video tapes. The viewing may be arranged by the viewer to be simply linear like the one for a video tape, or the viewing may be random access where the user chooses an arbitrary order and collection of clips based on the indexing information presented to her. The second purpose served by the Web and DVD media is for the user to be able to create edit lists, order forms, and her preferred video organization. Such a user oriented organization can be further used by the system to create new video organizations on the Web and DVDs. In short, the Web and DVD media are used both as an interaction media with the user for the user's feedback and preferences, as well as for the ultimate viewing of the enhanced and indexed material.
Authoring Tool Interaction Mode
The interaction mode works in conjunction with the Web Video Database server to provide views of the user's data to the user and to create new edit lists at the server under user control. Alternatively, the interaction mode may be a standalone application that the user runs on a computing medium in conjunction with the user's organized videos on an accompanying DVD/CD-ROM or other media. In either case, the interaction leads to a new edit list provided to the server for production and organization of new content. For instance, one such interaction may lead to the user selecting all the video clips of her son from ages 0 to 15 to be shown at an upcoming high-school graduation party.
The interaction mode is designed to present to the user summarized views of her video collection as storyboards consisting of:
At any time during the browsing of the storyboards, the user can initiate any of a number of actions:
The arrangement of clips and folders created by the user is finally submitted to a server either through the Web, email, voice or print media.
The server then creates appropriate final forms of the users' ordered servings.
Viewing Mode
The viewing mode allows a user to view the enhanced and indexed videos in a linear or content-oriented access form. Essentially all the storyboard summary representations used in the interactive modes are available to the user. For DVD usage the viewing will typically be on a TV. Therefore, the interaction in this mode will be through a remote control rather than the conventional PC oriented interaction. In any case, the user can access the video information with the clip being the atomic entity. That is, any combination of clips from folders may be played in any order through point and click, simple keying in and/or voice interaction.
Hot links in the video stream are recognized with inputs from the user to enable the user to visually skip from clip-to-clip. For example, the user may skip from the clip of a person to another clip of the same person by clicking in a region of the video that may be pre-defined or where that person is present. The indexing information stored along with the video data provides the viewer with this capability. To facilitate such indexing, specific objects and people in each clip are identified by a name and an x-y coordinate set such that similar objects and people can be easily identified in other video clips. This index information can be presorted to group clips having similar information such that searching and access speed are enhanced.
Similarly, user-ordered annotations may be added to the index of the video stream or in the video stream such that the annotations appear at the time of viewing under user control. For instance identity of persons, graphics attached to persons, and the like appear on the video under user control.
Signal Enhancer 116
It is often desirable to improve the perceived quality of imagery that is presented to a viewer.
More specifically, examples of improvement include noise reduction and resolution enhancement. Image quality may be poor for several reasons. For example, noise may be introduced in several places in the video path: in the sensor (camera), in circuitry after the sensor, on the storage medium (such as video tape), in the playback device (such as a VCR), and in the display circuitry. Image resolution may be low due to, for example, the use of a low-resolution sensor, or due to poor camera focus control during image acquisition. For example, VHS video tape images have approximately one-half of the resolution of DVD images. As such, it is highly desirable to improve a VHS-type image to achieve DVD resolution.
Noise Reduction 306
Noise in imagery is one of the most significant reasons for poor image quality. Noise can be characterized in several ways. Examples include intensity-based noise, and spatial noise. When intensity-based noise occurs, the observed image can be modeled as a pristine image whose intensities are corrupted by an additive and/or multiplicative distribution noise signal. In some cases this noise is fairly uniformly distributed over the image, and in other cases the noise occurs in isolated places in the image. When spatial noise occurs, then portions of features in the image are actually shifted or distorted. An example of this second type of noise is line-tearing, where the vertical component of lines in the image are mislocated horizontally, causing the line to jitter over time.
Methods to remove this and other types of noise, include but are not limited to:
The following are examples of image alignment-based noise reduction techniques.
A first example of method 1) includes processing to remove zero-mean intensity-based noise. After the imagery is aligned, the image intensities are averaged to remove the noise.
A further example of method 1) includes processing to remove spatial noise, such as line tearing. In this case, after the imagery has been aligned over time, a non-linear step is then performed to detect those instants where a portion of a feature has been shifted or distorted by noise. An example of a non-linear step is sorting of the intensities at a pixel location, and the identification and rejection of intensities that are inconsistent with the other intensities. A specific example includes the rejection of the two brightest and the two darkest intensity values out of an aligned set of 11 intensities.
An example that combines the previous two techniques is to sort the intensities at each pixel, after the imagery has been aligned, and then to reject for example the two brightest and the two darkest intensities, and to average the remaining 7 intensities for each pixel.
The methods described above can also be performed on features recovered from the image, rather than on the intensities themselves. For example, features may be recovered using oriented filters, and noise removed separately on the filtered results using the methods described above. The results may then be combined to produce a single enhanced image.
An example of method 2) is to use a quality of match metric, such as local correlation, to determine the effectiveness of the motion alignment. If the quality of match metric indicates that poor alignment has been performed, then the frame or frames corresponding to the error can be removed from the enhancement processing. Ultimately, if there was no successful alignment at a region in a batch of frames, then the original image is left untouched.
All of the above methods describe alignment to a common coordinate system using a moving window, or a batch of frames. However other methods of aligning the imagery to a common coordinate system may be used. An example includes a moving coordinate system, whereby a data set with intermediate processing results represented in the coordinate frame of the previous frame is shifted to be in the coordinate system of the current frame of analysis. This method has the benefit of being more computationally efficient since the effects of previous motion analysis results are stored and used in the processing of the current frame.
After alignment, there can be some spatial artifacts that are visible to a viewer. An example of these artifacts may be shimmering, whereby features scintillate in the processed image. This can be caused by slight errors in misalignment that locally are small, but if viewed over large regions, can result in noticeable shimmering. This artifact can be removed by several methods. The first is to impose spatial constraints, and the second method is to impose temporal constraints. An example of a spatial constraint is to assume that objects are piecewise rigid over regions in the image. The regions can be fixed in size, or can be adaptive in size and shape. The flow field can be smoothed within the region, or a local parametric model can be fit to the region. Since any misalignment is distributed over the whole region, then any shimmering is significantly reduced. An example of a temporal constraint is to fit a temporal model to the flow field. For example, a simple model includes only acceleration, velocity and displacement terms. The model is fitted to the spatio-temporal volume locally using methods disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/384,118, filed Aug. 27, 1999. The resultant flow field at each frame will follow the parametric model, and therefore shimmering from frame-to-frame will be significantly reduced. If a quality of alignment metric computed over all the frames shows poor alignment however, then the parametric model can be computed over fewer frames, resulting in a model with fewer parameters. In the limit, only translational flow in local frames is computed.
An example of spatial noise as defined above is the inconsistency of color data with luminance data. For example, a feature may have sharp intensity boundaries, but have poorly defined color boundaries. A method of sharpening these color boundaries is to use the location of the intensity boundaries, as well as the location of the regions within the boundaries, in order to reduce color spill. This can be performed using several methods. First, the color data can be adaptively processed or filtered, depending on the results of processing the intensity image. A specific example is to perform edge detection on the intensity image, and to increase the gain of the color signal in those regions. A further example is to shift the color signal with respect to the intensity signal in order that they are aligned more closely. This removes any spatial bias between the two signals. The alignment can be performed using alignment techniques that have been developed for aligning imagery from different sensors, for example, as discussed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/070,170, filed Apr. 30, 1998, which is incorporated herein by reference.
A further example of processing is to impose constraints not at the boundaries of intensity regions, but within the boundaries of intensity regions. For example, compact regions can be detected in the intensity space and color information that is representative for that compact region can be sampled. The color information is then added to the compact region only. Compact regions can be detected using spatial analysis such as a split and merge algorithm, or morphological analysis.
Resolution Enhancement 308
Resolution of can be enhanced in two ways. The first method is to locate higher resolution information in preceding or future frames and to use it in a current frame. The second method is to actually create imagery at a higher resolution than the input imagery by combining information over frames.
A specific example of the first method is to align imagery in a batch of frames using the methods described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/384,118, filed Aug. 27, 1999, for example, and by performing fusion between these images. In the fusion process, the imagery is decomposed by filtering at different orientations and scales. These local features are then compared and combined adaptively temporally. The local features may be extracted from temporally different frames e.g., the content of frame N may be corrected with content from frame N+4 The combined feature images are then recomposed spatially themselves to produce the enhanced image. An example is where the combination method is to locate the feature with most energy over the temporal window comprising a plurality of frames. This usually corresponds to the image portion that is most in focus. When the images are combined, the enhanced image can show improved resolution if the camera focus was poor in the frame, and potentially increased depth of field.
A specific example of the second method is to use the alignment methods disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/384,118, filed Aug. 27, 1999, and to then perform super-resolution methods, e.g., as described in M. Irani and S. Peleg, "Improving Resolution by Image Registration", published in the journal CVGIP: Graphical Models and Image Processing, Vol. 53, pp. 231–239, May 1991.
Smart Stabilization 318
Many typical videos are unstable, particularly consumer video. The video can be stabilized using basic image alignment techniques that are generally known. In this case, imagery is either aligned to a static reference, or aligned to the preceding frame. However, one problem that arises when the imagery is shifted to compensate for motion, image information is lost at the borders of the image. A typical approach to solve this problem is to increase the zoom of the image. However, the zoom level is typically fixed. A method for determining the level of zoom required can be performed by analyzing the degree of shift over a set of frames, and by choosing a set of stabilization parameters for each frame that minimizes the observed instability in the image, and that at the same time minimizes the size of the border in the image. For example, a preferred set of stabilization parameters is one that allows piecewise, continuous, modeled motion. For example, the desired motion might be characterized by a zoom and translation model whose parameters vary linearly over time. If the camera is focused on a static object, then a single piecewise model may be used over a long time period. However, if the camera then moves suddenly, then a different set of desired zoom and translation model parameters can be used. It is important however to ensure that the model parameters for the desired position of the imagery are always piecewise continuous. The decision as to when to switch to a different set of model parameters can be determined by methods, e.g., such as those by Torr, P. H. S., "Geometric Motion Segmentation and Model Selection", published in the journal: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A, pp. 1321–1340, 1998.
Another technique for providing image stabilization is to align and combine a plurality of images to form an image mosaic, then extract (clip) portions of the mosaic to form a stabilized stream of images. The number of frames used to from the mosaic represents the degree of camera motion smoothing that will occur. As such, a user of the system can select the amount of motion stabilization that is desired by selecting the number of frames to use in the mosaic. To further enhance the stabilization process, the foreground and background motion in a scene can be separately analyzed such that image stabilization is performed with respect to background motion only.
Deinterlace 312
A problem with the conversion of video from one media to another is that the display rates and formats may be different. For example, in the conversion of VHS video to DVD video, the input is interlaced while the output may be progressively scanned if viewed on a computer screen. The presentation of interlaced frames on a progressively scanned monitor results in imagery that appears very jagged since the fields that make up a frame of video are presented at the same time. There are several approaches for solving this problem. The first is to upsample fields vertically such that frames are created. The second method shown in
Brightness and Color Control 314
Imagery often appears too bright or too dark, or too saturated in color. This can be for several reasons. First, the automatic controls on the camera may have been misled by point sources of bright light in the scene. Second, the scene may have been genuinely too dark or too bright for the automatic controls to respond successfully in order to compensate.
There are several methods that can be used to solve this problem. First, methods can be used that analyze the distribution of intensity values in the scene and that adjust the image such that the distribution more closely matches a standard distribution. Second, methods can be used to detect specific features in the image, and their characteristics are used to adjust the brightness of the image either locally or globally. For example, the location of faces could be determined using a face finder and the intensities in those regions can be sampled and used to control the intensity over that and adjacent regions. Related methods of performing illumination and color compensation are described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/384,118, filed Aug. 27, 1999.
It is important that modifications to the scene brightness and color do not vary rapidly over time. This is done using two methods. The first method is to smooth the output of the methods described above over time, or smooth the input data temporally. A problem with these methods however is that scene content can either leave the field of view or can be occluded within the image. The result is that image brightness measures can change rapidly in just a few frames. A solution is to use the motion fields computed by methods such as those described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/384,118, filed Aug. 27, 1999, such that only corresponding features between frames are used in the computation of scene brightness and color measures.
Although various embodiments which incorporate the teachings of the present invention have been shown and described in detail herein, those skilled in the art can readily devise many other varied embodiments that still incorporate these teachings.
Patent Citations
Non-Patent Citations
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You can now invite anyone to meet at your favorite Starbucks.
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58 year old man | Virginia Beach, VA, USA | Seeking women 35-50 within 25 miles
laid back man with a good steady job who wants to find that one woman who has the same approch to live
I am a deicent man with very good way of approching life who has alot to offer to the right person, have humor,wit and kindness love new things love kids and animals VERY EAZY going with a laied back approch open minded about life in general just want to find the right woman and go from there allway up for trying some thing new what i am looking for in a woman is very simple,,no drama be honest and wants to enjoy and be willing to try new things,places etc just looking for plane jane. easy going with a good sense of humor who enjoys life itself if you have these very simpl approch to your life we will get long very well
Coffee and conversation , Dining out , Movies/Videos , Museums and art , Music and concerts , Exploring new areas , Performing arts , Playing sports , Shopping/Antiques , Travel/Sightseeing , Watching sports , Wine tasting
Billiards / Pool, Bowling, Cycling, Other types of exercise, Walking / Hiking
I exercise 1-2 times per week.
I have Birds
I like Cats, Dogs, Exotic Pets, Fish, Horses, Other
I have a 17 year old Military Macaw (cage free)
Middle of the Road
doc taylors '-- the spot--seaside raw bar---chix---11 th st tap house oceanfront va bch tap house in norfolk winstons in chesapeake
music is my thing i am a collector of all styles of music right now I have 1.30 TB of live shows ,stuido recordings from all styles of music from classical;; hard rock;;soft rock;;soul;techno;country; jazz etc // lover the arts; love a good meal
collect music,,play with my pet (I have a17 year old bird ) he is a military macaw had him since Feb 1997,,sit on the ocean front listening to music and people watching..going to watch local music and reginal acts also major acts.& plays& movies
todays newpaper
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|Black, Blue, Brown, Grey, Green, Hazel
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|$50,001 to $75,000
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|Yes, and they live away from home (1)
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|White / Caucasian
|Asian, East Indian, Latino / Hispanic, Middle Eastern, Native American, Pacific Islander, White / Caucasian, Other
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|Arabic, Chinese, Dutch, English, French, German, Hebrew, Hindi, Italian, Japanese, Norwegian, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Swedish, Tagalog, Urdu, Other
|Some college
|High school, Some college, Associates degree, Bachelors degree, Graduate degree, PhD / Post Doctoral
Military backround some medical training logistics training CDL training HVAC training


text:
The word "hot" could have definitely been used to describe the weather conditions at Starkville Academy on Friday night.
However, the Volunteers also had a hot performance against Lamar, downing the Class AAA champions 42-21 to start the season 1-0.
The Starkville Yellowjackets opened their 2014 season and broke in their new turf field Friday as they out-muscled Noxubee County in a 51-19 drubbing in high school football at Yellowjacket Stadium.
ACKERMAN – A rivalry exists in Choctaw County.
Friday night those two teams opened up the 2014 football campaign and after almost three hours of action it was the Chargers of Choctaw County achieving the 50-13 victory over the French Camp Panthers.
OKOLONA – Early football games provide the opportunity for growth. That is exactly what the Titans of East Oktibbeha are taking away from their opening game 40-8 loss against Okolona.
wo fires have devastated three Starkville School District Families and Sudduth Elementary is leading the charge in a relief effort.
One of the fires occurred at roughly 4 a.m. Aug. 13 in a mobile home on Lawson Road, off of Blackjack Road. The other occurred at 11:36 a.m. Aug. 14 in Brookville Garden Apartments and displaced two district families.
On Saturday evening, two Starkville legends will be honored at the third annual Denim & Diamonds event hosted by the Friends of the Oktibbeha County Heritage Museum.
For Chieko Iwata, Starkville has more than a few differences from her hometown of Nagoya, Japan.
Dr. Lewis Eugene Ryan passed away on August 6, 2014 at the OCH Regional Medical Center in Starkville, MS. He was 94.
He was born October 17, 1919 in Cordova, TN to the late Odos Ryan and Pearl Bready Ryan.
George W. Rice of Brooksville, MS, 58, died Thursday, August 14, 2014 in Hamilton, Mississippi.
Funeral services will be held 2:00 P.M., Saturday, August 23, 2014, at Noxubee County High School, Macon, MS with Reverend Henry Mosley, officiating.
Visitation will be held Friday, August 22, 2014 from 1:00 P.M.- 6:00 P.M. at West Memorial Funeral Home, Starkville, Mississippi.
Mathew Logan of Starkville, MS, 78, died Monday, August 18, 2014 in Starkville, Mississippi.
Funeral services will be held 11:00 A.M., Saturday, August 23, 2014, at Pine Grove Missionary Baptist Church, Starkville, MS with Reverend Murry Logan, officiating.
Visitation will be held Friday, August 22, 2014 from 2:00 P.M.- 6:00 P.M. at West Memorial Funeral Home, Starkville, Mississippi.


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Ratings based on 1 Verified Reviews
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4.0 Room cleanliness
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They paid and stayed.
We double-checked.
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for Everyoneby A verified traveler
Good for an overnight stay.Posted Jan 15, 2013
he room was extremely small. The bathroom needs updating and there was poor water flow from the shower. Evening meal was very good, excellent breakfast. good service and friendly staff. Reasonable value for money and an overnight stay.


text:
Newtown, arrests spark formation of task force
During the council's discussion of the task force, various members suggested tweaks and additions.
Roberts said it will be important to identify and seek out grant funding to pay for the task force's work and he said it would be a good idea to incorporate the city of San Jacinto, which is working with Hemet on youth-related public safety issues.
Councilman Jeff Comerchero suggested incorporating young people into the task force to gain their insights.
Councilwoman Maryann Edwards offered her support for the idea and said it's very important to make young people feel engaged and give them a voice.
"This has been a long time coming," she said.
The vote to form the task force was unanimous and Edwards and Naggar were selected to serve on the body as Temecula's representatives.


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Nvidia driver download site broken
Been down about 10 hours. Driver download times out connecting to server.(All drivers) Or I probably got kicked out for repeated re-formatting. :)
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2 cups all-purpose flour
1/2 teaspoon baking soda
1/2 teaspoon salt
12 tablespoons salted butter, melted
1/2 cup light brown sugar, packed
1/2 cup dark brown sugar, packed
1/2 cup granulated sugar
1 large egg (room temperature)
1 large egg yolk (room temperature)
4 teaspoons vanilla extract
1 1/2 cups semi-sweet chocolate discs or chunks
Preheat oven to 325*F. Line two baking sheets with parchment paper and position oven racks in the middle of oven.
Stir together dry ingredients into a small bowl. Set aside.
In a medium bowl, combine the melted butter and sugars, and stir with a wooden spoon until mixed. Add the egg and yolk and stir until well mixed. Add vanilla, stir to combine.
Add half the flour mixture to sugar mixture, stir until half the flour is mixed in. Add the chocolate and remaining flour, stir to combine. Using a large spoon, divide the dough among the baking sheets (about nine cookies per sheet).
Bake for 17-20 minutes, rotating pans halfway through. Cool for 15 minutes on baking sheet, then transfer to wire rack.


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Nick Wakeman Editor, Washington Technology; Dick Stieglitz, Business speaker and author Taming the Dragons of Change March 28th, 2008
Amtower talks to Nick Wakeman and Dick Stieglitz about small business growth, management, merger and acquisition, and the exit plans of the owners. Stielgitz, who recently sold his 20-year company (RGS Associates), shares his insights on starting, growing, and managing a small government contracting firm. He also get his insight on the use of a Board of Directors, employee stock, and other methods to increase retention, maintain growth, and make his company an attractive acquisition target.
How the US Mint and NIST are perfecting the money-making process.


text:
I'm a newbie to linux and I have a Xubuntu 13.10 relase installed on my PC. I need to install some packages for web development but I can not find the package manager utility in the applications menu. Could somebody tell me where I can find it?
Take the 2-minute tour ×
Ask Ubuntu is a question and answer site for Ubuntu users and developers. It's 100% free, no registration required.
One of the package managers available is the Ubuntu software center, which is available on the main menu.
Or you can use synaptic package manager. To install it if not installed, just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the command(s) below:


text: Two Rock Amps now at Deluxe Guitar Exchange. Design visionary Bill Krinard co-founded Two-Rock in 1999 based on his passionate commitment to create the best-sounding guitar amps available. During that first year Carlos Santana bought Two Rock number 5, and Bill spent the afternoon tweaking the amp for Carlos. Two-Rock has since emerged as a boutique amp innovation leader. Bill is responsible for circuit and application innovations that have moved the entire category forward. He has created signature Two-Rock models for John Mayer, Eric Gales and Steve Kimock. And he's seen the brand embraced by additional artists including Matt Schofield, Volker Strifler, Terry Haggerty Mark Karan and many more. With the introduction of the small form factor combos such as the Jet 22 and Jet 35, and the Studio Pro 22 and Studio Pro 35 all the great tone available in the larger amps in available for home studio players as well.


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So, I will be traveling twice this month for work. I will be without my baby and will be pumping the whole time. What is the best suggestion for transporting the milk back home? Should I try to carry it on or should i get a cooler that will fit in my checked luggage? I will be gone for four days both time, so I will have about 100oz by the time I am done. I am think I probably won't freeze it so that I don't have to risk it dethawing.
Flying with breastmilk?
Makayla Elizabeth born on her due date, 11/16/2009, via C-Section. 9lbs 14oz, 22inches.
Comments (9)
Unless things have changed in the past year, they will not let you transport breast milk unless if you're buy yourself. Your baby has to be with you to bring the liquid on the plane. Call the airline and double check their policy.
It sucked for me when I had to take a few trips w/o my nursing child a couple of years ago. I had to pump and dump all that milk while I was away.
~ Nikki ~
This has changed, and you can fly with breastmilk even if you do not have your baby:
Could you just fed-ex it back home with cooler packs. If you're delayed or your baggage is lost it'd be a huge bummer.
Before you leave, scope out a postal store near where you'll be, and the day before you leave over-night it back home and take whatever's left with you in the bag.
Katy...�mommy to Cole born April 2009.
I'm so happy to hear that has changed b/c it was horrible to not be able to transport your pumped milk!
I personally would freeze it and transport it that way. Is it a direct flight? How long?
~ Nikki ~
It would be 2-4 hours of flight time depending on if I get a direct flight or if i have a layover. I could FedEx it from my store, but what would be the best way to pack it?
I personally would like to carry it on, but has anyone had any recent experiance with doing that?
Makayla Elizabeth born on her due date, 11/16/2009, via C-Section. 9lbs 14oz, 22inches.
Beginning in Dec. 2009 (and as recently as April 2010), I have carried breast milk in the passenger cabin with me on the plane on multiple occasions. I pack it in an insulated travel bag with a small "blue ice" pack and store the bag inside my breast pump back pack. I had no difficulty going through security with it. Each time I discretely mention the presence of the breast milk to a TSA agent as I am placing me breast pump backpack on the x-ray belt and so far all of the agents have been fine with it. I didn't have tons of milk with me though - maybe 5or 6 Medela bags or so. Each bag had 3-4oz. each. I don't know if there is a maximum amount of breast milk that you can carry on. I would check with TSA regarding maximum amounts allowed in the plane cabin with you.
A ~ Sept. 2009 ~ I love my Blueberry!
B ~ June 2011 ~ I love my B-Man!
i carried on a month ago. i used the little carry pack that came with my pump in style and ice pack included. they take it out and check it (look at it, even examined it with a machine thing but i'm sure all airports are different). it was so easy and i didn't have to worry about lost luggage and milk sitting out a room temperature for hours and needing to be thrown away.
I traveled for 4 days early April without my LO, and had NO problem bringing my pumped milk (about 120 oz) on the plane with me. I had 2 littler coolers with ice packs, and all of my milk in storage bags. I simply told security that I had it, and they quick opened the coolers to take a look, then let me through. I put the coolers upright in my backpack, and stored it in the overhead compartment. I personally didn't want to put the coolers in with my checked luggage since I see how much they throw your suitcases around, and had visions of my milk leaking everywhere!
Reggie Lindsay V joined our family on 9.19.09!
Due with #2 on 8.11.11!!
How about packing it in dry ice for shipping back home? I wonder how easy it is to get dry ice? Maybe if you call FedEx they might know.


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Fugitive captured after alleged courthouse attack
"In his right mind, he would not have done this," Howarth told The Associated Press outside the courthouse. "In the year I have known him, he has never showed the slightest symptom of being dangerous. Something is very wrong. ... It may have been a final act of desperation, if you don't want to go to prison."
Patricia Banford, whose van was stolen immediately after the escape, said the suspect threatened her.
"He snatched the door open and said, `Get out or I'll kill you!'" she told TV station WDIV.
The sheriff, who oversees security at the courthouse, said he would prefer to have more than one deputy escorting inmates but the county can't afford it. Tolliver, 63, joined the sheriff's department after retiring as a Detroit police officer.
"It's a dangerous job," Napoleon said. "We're streamlined as much as we can."
Associated Press writers Jeff Karoub, David Runk and Corey Williams contributed to this report.
The Associated Press


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nV News 9700 Review
View Single Post
Apple user. Deal with it.
Join Date: Jul 2001
Location: The 'burbs, IL USA
Posts: 12,502
Originally posted by pelly
After making the heatsink flat enough to touch the core and using some thermal compound...it finally worked...who would have guessed...
Can I assume you will make this point very clear in your review so others who might be having problems can see this as a possible solution?
Another couple things if you're able to do them:
- DVD quality/playback performance on software other than ATI's own. This was a major concern for me with my old Gigabyte 8500 because PowerDVD XP hardly worked with while ATI's own DVD player worked beautifully. This would be especially pertinent for people who buy non-Made by ATI cards.
- A dual display comparison between the latest versions of Hydravision and nView.
- OpenGL benchmarks that
do not
include Quake 3. Q3 engine games (Jedi Knight II, MOHAA, SoF II) are perfectly acceptable in my book, though.
This stuff is pretty much strem of consciousness writing so if I'm not making sense, please ask and I'll clarify. Further, if any of this won't work for you, let me know.
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Men's jewelry has never been hotter—from rock stars to movie stars, studs in the know everywhere are turning up with arms laden with beaded designs. Which is why we're particularly excited about this Men's Bracelet, which will amp up your style game. This beaded number features shiny, smooth pyrite beads. Just be sure to remember the little people when you're mistaken for the rich and famous.
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Enjoy 10% off your first order*


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Product name: Cocoa Latte Hot Drink Makers.
Manufacturer: Focus Products Group International, LLC.
Reason: Small bushing inside the container has the potential to leach lead.
Affected lots: West Bend model No. 65032, Back to Basics model No. CM300BK, CM300BKL, CM300BLSS, CM300BR, CM300BRBRL CM300BRL and CM300W.
Illnesses, injuries or deaths: None reported.
What to do: Consumers should call 1-888-943-5202 and go to www.focuspg.com or www.westbend.com.
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9th Annual Cecil J. Picard Educator Excellence Symposium + Celebration
- Business & Professional
- 4728 Constitution Ave, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808
Iron Sharpens Iron - Baton Rouge, Louisiana
Gulf South Men
Saturday, April 13, 2013 from 8:30 AM to 4:55 PM (CDT)
The Mission of the IRON SHARPENS IRON Conference Network is to mobilize regional ministries to resource local churches with a first class one-day equipping conference that is specifically designed for men (age 13 and older).
The Iron Sharpens Iron Conference is a one-day conference designed to equip men to become godly husbands, fathers, and men of integrity in the home, workplace, church and community.
Brian Doyle will be one of our keynote speakers!
The conference is for men of all ages 13 and up. There will be 16 seminars and regional and national exhibitors at the conference. The conference is specifically designed to support local churches in building their ministries for men. Teenagers are admitted free when accompanied by their biological or spiritual father.
Gulf South Men serves the greater Gulf Coast partnering with churches to disciple men.
In order to purchase these tickets in installments, you'll need an Eventbrite account. Log in or sign up for a free account to continue.


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Celebrate 50th Birthday 6.75" Luncheon Plates
Celebrate good times at your birthday party with these colorful luncheon plates. These luncheon plates make a great accent to ...
Holy Bleep 50th Birthday 7" Luncheon Plates
Add a little more attitude to your birthday party with these adult humor luncheon plates. Featuring a colorful "HOLY #%@*! ...


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Alaska Native Language Classes and Degree Programs
There are 20 Alaska Native languages: Aleut, Alutiiq (also called Aleut or Sugpiaq), Central Yup'ik Eskimo, St. Lawrence Island Eskimo, Inupiaq Eskimo, Tsimshian, Haida, Tlingit, and Eyak and 11 Athabascan languages. These languages are becoming recognized as a priceless heritage.
Since the enactment of the Alaska Bilingual Education Law in 1972, there has been a statewide demand for teachers who can speak and teach these languages in the schools where there are Native children. Professional opportunities for those skilled in these languages exist in teaching and research as well as in cultural, educational, and political development.
Central Yup'ik Eskimo is spoken by the largest number of people, and Inupiaq by the next largest. In these two languages major and minor curricula are offered. Courses are also regularly offered in Gwich'in Athabascan. For work in all other languages, individual or small-group instruction is offered in special topics. Thus there has frequently been instruction, seminars, and workshops also in Tlingit, Haida, St. Lawrence Island Eskimo, Aleut, and Koyukon, plus comparative Eskimo and comparative Athabascan.
UAF is unique in offering this curriculum, which benefits also from the research staff and library of the Alaska Native Language Center.
Fall 2015 Language Courses on the Fairbanks Campus
- ANL 141: Beginning Athabascan - Gwich'in (Sikorski)Ā
- ANL 199: Practicum in Native Language Education (Sikorski)
- ANL 241: Intermediate Athabascan - Gwich'in (Sikorski)
- ANL 287: Teaching Methods for Alaska Native Languages (online)
- ANL 401: Alaska Native Language Apprenticeship (Sikorski)
- ANL/CCS 690: Seminar in Cross Cultural Studies (Leonard)
- ESK 101: Elementary Central Yup'ik Eskimo (Charles)
- ESK 111: Elementary Inupiaq Eskimo (Brower)
- ESK 115: Conversational Inupiaq (Brower)
- ESK 201: Intermediate Central Yup'ik (Charles)
- ESK 211: Intermediate Inupiaq Eskimo (Brower)
Fall 2015 Distance-delivered Language Courses
- ANL/CCS 690: Seminar in Cross-Cultural Studies (Leonard)
- ESK 103x: Conversational Central Yup'ik Eskimo (Staff)
*Register for these distance-delivered courses through a local community campus of the College of Rural and Community Development. Call 1-866-478-2721 for more information.


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Bird-watching on Kaua'i's North Shore
Birds can be seen all over Kaua'i, but there are a few official places to go birding on the north side. Here's a quick overview of what to see where.
Birds can be seen all over Kaua'i, but there are a few official places to go birding on the north side. Here's a quick overview of what to see where.
Flowing ice meets frigid sea at Laguna San Rafael. Find out about the history, geography, and the flora and fauna in this UNESCO World Biosphere Reserve.
While traveling through Western Kentucky, stop in at Greenville to check out this resurgent small town. Be sure to make time for events like Saturdays on the Square featuring live music in a wide range of genres.
Deeded to the state in 1909, Peninsula is the second-oldest park in the state system and the most visited—it draws more visitors per year than Yellowstone National Park.
The Point Reyes area boasts acres of unspoiled forest and beach country. Get info on the park's visitor centers, its historic lighthouse, as well as how to get there for those seeking a day trip from San Francisco.
Khao Yai National Park was the country's first national park and covers over 2,000 square kilometers over parts of the four provinces of Nakhon Ratchasima, Sara Buri, Nakhon Nayok, and Prachin Buri.
Stanley Park is a permanent preserve of wilderness in the city's heart, complete with abundant wildlife. In addition to the Vancouver Aquarium, the park is also home to Klahowya Village which celebrates local aboriginal culture.
The Oregon Dunes National Recreation Area encompasses the largest and most extensive oceanfront dunes in the world. Learn about scenic views and recreation opportunities among the dunes.
If you find yourself only having one day to venture through Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park, there are several short hikes that will offer you a glimpse of what it's like to live next to an active volcano.
Waimea Canyon State Park is home to the beautiful and vast canyon, but it's also decorated with numerous trails weaving through the forest, ranging from serious hikes to short walks.


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Second International Conference on Nutrition (ICN2)
Rome, Italy, FAO Headquarters
19-21 November 2014
(see below for more details)
Watch introductory videos about food systems, malnutrition, chronic hunger, hidden hunger, and the double burden of malnutrition !
Malnutrition is one of the world's most serious but least addressed health problems and a significant contributor to child mortality. Nearly one-third of children in developing countries are either underweight or stunted, and more than 30% of people living in developing countries suffer from micronutrient deficiencies.
Malnutrition undermines economic growth and perpetuates poverty, and its human costs are enormous. Yet the world has failed to tackle malnutrition over the past decades, even though well-tested approaches for doing so exist. The consequences of this failure to act are now evident in the inadequate progress toward the Millennium Development Goal's target 1c to halve the proportion of people who suffer from hunger by 2015: more than one in eight of the world's population still suffers from hunger after progress towards meeting the MDG slowed in 2007 and levelled off. Unless policies and priorities are changed, the scale of the problem will prevent many countries from laying the foundation for sustainable development that is central to the post-2015 development agenda -especially in Sub-Saharan Africa, where malnutrition is increasing, and in South-East Asia, where malnutrition remains widespread and improving only slowly.
The Second International Conference on Nutrition (ICN2), an inclusive inter-governmental meeting on nutrition jointly organized by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO), in cooperation with the UNSCN, the High Level Task Force on the Global Food Security Crisis (HLTF), IFAD, IFPRI, UNESCO, UNICEF, World Bank, WFP and the WTO, was held at FAO Headquarters, in Rome, 19-21 November 2014. It was a high-level ministerial conference which proposed a flexible policy framework to address today's major nutrition challenges and identify priorities for enhanced international cooperation on nutrition.
Two main outcome documents-the Rome Declaration on Nutrition and the Framework for Action -were endorsed by participating governments at the conference, committing world leaders to establishing national policies aimed at eradicating malnutrition and transforming food systems to make nutritious diets available to all. To read the meeting report, click here.
Several pre-conference events took place including:
• Parliamentarian's Event, 18 November 2014
• Private Sector Event, 18 November 2014
• Civil Society Event, 17-18 November 2014
You can also listen to and read all statements delivered during the conference on :
Wednesday 19 November - Morning
Thursday 20 November- Morning
Friday 21 November- Morning
ICN2 key objectives:
- review progress made since the 1992 ICN including country level achievements in scaling up nutrition through direct nutrition interventions and nutrition-enhancing policies and programmes;
- review relevant policies and institutions on agriculture, fisheries, health, trade, consumption and social protection to improve nutrition;
- strengthen institutional policy coherence and coordination to improve nutrition, and mobilize resources needed to improve nutrition;
- strengthen international, including inter-governmental cooperation, to enhance nutrition everywhere, especially in developing countries.
ICN2 scope:
- global in perspective, but focus particularly on nutrition challenges in developing countries;
- addressed all forms of malnutrition, recognizing the nutrition transition and its consequences;
- sought to improve nutrition throughout the lifecycle, focusing on the poorest and most vulnerable households, and on women, infants and young children in deprived, vulnerable and emergency contexts.
ICN2 builds on ongoing global political processes and initiatives to contribute to the Post-2015 UN Development Agenda including identifying priority areas, nutrition development goals as well as the policies that are required to achieve, measure and account for them. The outcome of the ICN2 has contributed to the UN Secretary General's call for a high degree of policy coherence at global, regional, national and sub-national levels and a global partnership for development at all levels. The ICN2 has also amplified the Secretary General's call to leaders gathered at the Rio+20 Summit to take up the "Zero Hunger Challenge".
An information note has been developed by the ICN2 Joint Secretariat, providing additional technical information in support of the ICN2 Rome Declaration on Nutrition and Framework for Action. Click here to download it.
For additional information, please go to the FAO ICN2 website or the WHO ICN2 website.
Tom Arnold, interim coordinator of the Scaling Up Nutrition (SUN) Movement spoke to the Donor Platform secretariat about key aspects for translating the high-level commitments and recommendations made at ICN2 conference into practice that make a difference for the livelihood of individuals as well as for entire societies in the long run. You can watch the interview here.
The report of the Second International Conference on Nutrition (ICN2), inclusive of all appendices (in particular the Rome Declaration and the Framework for Action), has been formatted for a wider dissemination and is available online in all six official FAO languages. You can read the report here.
Tom Arnold, interim coordinator of the Scaling Up Nutrition (SUN) Movement spoke to the Donor Platform secretariat about key aspects for translating the high-level commitments and recommendations made at ICN2 conference into practice that make a difference for the livelihood of individuals as well as for entire societies in the long run. You can watch the interview here.
The report of the Second International Conference on Nutrition (ICN2), inclusive of all appendices (in particular the Rome Declaration and the Framework for Action), has been formatted for a wider dissemination and is available online in all six official FAO languages. You can read the report here.


text: Shots - Health News With PSA Testing, The Power Of Anecdote Often Trumps Statistics May 28, 2012 A federal task force's recommendations against routine blood tests for prostate cancer raises big questions about how to interpret medical evidence and what role expert panels should play in how doctors practice. But those questions aren't easy to answer. Listen Loading… 4:24 Playlist Download Embed Embed Close embed modal <iframe src="http://www.npr.org/player/embed/153879847/153883324" width="100%" height="290" frameborder="0" scrolling="no">