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Video shows Nigerian abuse
Group accuses military of inflicting violence on civilians
Posted: August 5, 2014 at 3:28 a.m.
LAGOS, Nigeria -- Graphic new video footage from northeastern Nigeria shows the country's military carrying out abuses against civilians as part of its fight against the Islamic extremists of Boko Haram, Amnesty International said today.
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Fallout mod manager
A collection of tools related to creating and using mods in Fallout 3. From kaburke: Sorry for the lack of recent support. I haven't abandoned everyone, but I am actively working to create the best FOMM yet.1,207 weekly downloads
SimPE: The simple DBPF-Package Editor
SimPE is a Tool for editing nearly all aspects of Sims 2, starting from simple Character changes (Skills, Names,Relationships...) up to the creation of new Objects and Color Options, containing Wrappers and Editor for nearly all Sims 2 Filetypes.1,120 weekly downloads
Morrowind Graphics Extender (MGE)
MGE is a project that wraps the various DirectX dlls used by Morrowind. Despite it's name, it wraps the input and sound dlls as well as graphics. It also interfaces with MWSE to make even more functions available to modders.519 weekly downloads
Dawn of Light
Dark Age of Camelot server emulator457 weekly downloads
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Sports Tactics Board
Sports Tactics Board is a utility that allows coaches, trainers and officials to describe sports tactics, strategies and positioning using a magnetic or chalk-board style approach. Supports soccer, hockey, volleyball and floorball.116 weekly downloads
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Gives the user greater control over graphics settings in Crysis 2162 weekly downloads
Easily create resource packs for Minecraft357 weekly downloads
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Repository of desktops and programs for the Cygwin platform46 weekly downloads
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Utilities for tuning LineAge 2 client124 weekly downloads
Iron Fist
Your death sentence awaits...55 weekly downloads
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This application allows you chose randomly from a user specified set of outfits and accessories. Each outfit or accessory can be assigned weighed probability making more or less likely to be chosen49 weekly downloads
Oblivion Mod Manager
An advanced management and packaging utility for Oblivion (TES4) mods/enhancements.90 weekly downloads
Scrolling Game Development Kit 2
All-in-one program for creating 2D scrolling games. Compile your games into stand-alone .NET executables or customizable C# source code. The IDE and framework are build on OpenTK, which wraps OpenGL, so generated games can be cross-platform.34 weekly downloads
Doom Builder
Comprehensive map editor for Doom, Heretic and Hexen based games and sourceports. Includes 3D editing mode and various other modern tools and techniques such as script editors with syntax highlighting and auto-complete.42 weekly downloads
Ares stands for Aural RPG Experience System. It is used to create and play music lists, background sounds or special sound effects for different situations during (pen & paper) role-playing.66 weekly downloads
ThumbView - Expansive Thumbnail support!
Add thumbnail support for .cut, .dcx, .dds, .mdl, .mng, .pcd, .pcx, .pic, .pix, .png, .pnm/.pbm/.pgm/.ppm, .psd/.pdd, .psp, .pxr, .sgi/.rgb, .tga/.vda/.icb/.vst, .tif/.tiff, .wal, and .xpm in MS-Windows XP Explorer! Or plug in your own image formats!110 weekly downloads
Stratagus is a free cross-platform real-time strategy game engine, capable of playing against human or computer opponents, network or local. It can be used to build RTS games similar to C&C, WC2, AOE, and Tzar and runs under Linux, BSD, MacOS and Win17 weekly downloads
NWShader is a wrapper for the game Neverwinter Nights (by Bioware), to support enhanced OpenGL features, especially post-processing using nVidia's CG toolkit. NWShader supports fullscreen and material shaders in NWN.20 weekly downloads
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This is an algorithmic chord generator for stringed, fretted musical instruments. It's design allows it to be used for finding chords in a number of different tunings on many different instruments.17 weekly downloads
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Space Trader for Windows. A port to C# (.NET) of the popular game for Palm.19 weekly downloads
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subset: commoncrawl


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Photos: Garrett brothers share a laugh; Dez makes acrobatic catches
Photo: Vernon Bryant/Staff Photographer
Dallas Cowboys Jay Ratliff (90) makes his way past Montrae Holland (64) in a drill during the afternoon practice at Dallas Cowboys training camp at the Alamodome in San Antonio on August 1, 2011.
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Report: Cooke won't appeal seven-game suspension
Apr 25, 2014, 9:29 PM EDT
Matt Cooke has decided not to appeal his seven-game suspension for his knee-on-knee hit to Colorado defenseman Tyson Barrie, according to Sportsnets' Nick Kypreos.
That comes after Cooke said that he was sorry that Barrie, 22, will miss four-to-six weeks due to a MCL injury.
"It was not my intent to collide with him knee-on-knee," Cooke insisted. "It was my intent to finish my check."
At the same time, the NHL's Department of Player Safety argued that Cooke further extended his knee "to ensure contact" when Barrie made an attempt to avoid the collision.
The NHL also noted that his suspension history was factored into his punishment even though Cooke is technically not a repeat offender by the standards of the new CBA.
Had Cooke decided to appeal his suspension, he still wouldn't have been allowed to play during the process.
Torres says people are treating Cooke like a 'serial killer'
On Matt Cooke and whether he's a 'repeat offender'
Video: Yeo asked if Cooke told to 'target' Avs, does not like question
- flyersfan85 - Apr 25, 2014 at 9:33 PM
Why is this still a "thing".. who cares are you out of stories..move on ffs..
- ethanmacleod1685 - Apr 26, 2014 at 1:57 AM
They have a job to do, which write articles. It doesn't help if it's a slow news day also
- avscup - Apr 25, 2014 at 9:35 PM
No sit! How could possibly think he would have a chance at winning! Fuk him! A-hole!
- slickvb82 - Apr 25, 2014 at 10:40 PM
- strictlythedanks - Apr 26, 2014 at 12:59 AM
hash oil free matt cooke, avs cup is a major jabroni
- getadealdonealready - Apr 25, 2014 at 11:07 PM
I'm sure all Avs fans have deleted the game from last night already, but if you haven't check out 3rd period with 7:15 left in game. Bordeleau shows you what a knee to knee with intent looks like. Cheap shot on Spurgeon and surprise no penalty or suspension.
Trying to be objective, but feel that Avs seem to be getting more calls then we are in the series. Feel that most times this stuff will even itself out, but not seeming that way right now.
- avscup - Apr 26, 2014 at 8:54 AM
Strictl thedanks is a new gen, xbox hero, twittertwat! Move out of Moms basement fuktard!
- imgoingtowichita - Apr 25, 2014 at 9:44 PM
No s%*t. Cause he knows he skirted by.
- broadstreetbeatdown - Apr 25, 2014 at 9:57 PM
Like the Dirty Turd had any chance on appeal.
- imgoingtowichita - Apr 25, 2014 at 11:08 PM
Wild/pens fans thumbing down but not questioning his choice. Surprising.
- apkyletexas - Apr 26, 2014 at 12:06 AM
This Pens fan has been saying for years that Cooke needs to be suspended for as long as his latest maiming victim is sidelined. Seven games when his victim will be recovering for over a month is insane. Not like this is his first time – not even close. And every time it's the same garbage out of his mouth: "it wasn't at all intentional", "I've gained so much respect for this game", "I'm not a bad guy like I used to be"…
- 950003cups - Apr 26, 2014 at 12:45 AM
He's such a douche. They should make a new rule. If you have 3 suspensions and are a known cheap shot artist, players are allowed to high-stick you in the eyes and throat.
- slickvb82 - Apr 26, 2014 at 1:13 AM
You just made yourself sound like a bigger douche, congrats.
- rgledz - Apr 26, 2014 at 1:21 AM
Hejda had a pretty nice slew foot on Granlund too. No call. I wouldn't expect somebody like Avscup to be objective and actually comment about that. Avscup was mysteriously absent after his teams pathetic effort last night. Just what I would expect from a guy like that.
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The Art and Science of Planning Psychotherapy
How does the therapist begin psychotherapy? How, that is, does she conceptualize the needs of the patient while simultaneously enlisting him or her as an active partner in formulating an individualized working plan? And how should supervisors teach the skills needed to make the intake...
Published October 1st 1987 by Psychology Press


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This school does not currently have any courses in health sciences information or medical science librarianship. However, the school does offer practicums in hospital settings.
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For Wednesday, October 30, 2013
POSTED: 01:30 a.m. HST, Oct 30, 2013
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Political pundits on the left keep repeating that Obamacare is the law of the land and it is here to stay. They choose to forget that throughout American history, laws have been changed, repealed and found to be unconstitutional. Login for more...


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Shine A Light
Tamsin Smith | Posted 05.25.2011 | Impact
Read More: Honor Killings, Sex Trafficking, Nicholas D. Kristof, Half the Sky Movement, I-Vawa, Impact News
Don't keep turning pages, hoping that the next chapter will be better. Everyday is a blank screen. Switch off the chatter.
As scary as it is to admit, I don't think Americans care much about violence against women and children.


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Best Protein Bar for the price
By Steve
from Kansas
About Me Avid Cyclist
Best Uses
Comments about Clif Bar Clif Builder's Bar - 12 Pack:
Tastes good, but I use mostly for breakfast or lunch, not very often on bicycle rides because the bar will melt in hot weather.
Bottom Line Yes, I would recommend this to a friend
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By Sbeard
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the mint and chocolate peanut butter are awesome, best tasting protein bars ever
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Top 10 Must-Have's for Every Sweet Organic Pantry
Maria Rodale | Posted 11.23.2011 | Home
For me, if I had to choose between sweet and savory, I'd always go with savory. But every pantry needs a stash of sweet stuff for baking and so forth-...
This is one of my favorite dessert recipes to make in the summer when berries and stone fruit are in high season. It's simple, easy to make, I can make it ahead of time and it showcases the gorgeous, fresh fruit.


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October 26, 2012
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President Obama is a thoughtful and deliberative decision maker who values debate and data.
Especially considered in combination with his attack on amendments, it is an assault on the deliberative character of the Senate.
Designed as the deliberative power, the Senate had become instead the negative power, the selfish power.
1550s, from Middle French délibératif or directly from Latin deliberativus "pertaining to deliberation," from past participle stem of deliberare (see deliberation). Related: Deliberatively; deliberativeness.


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Epson extends Traditional Photo Paper range
Epson has announced it has extended its Traditional Photo Paper range, which is now available in rolls.
Epson Traditional Photo Paper is a high quality photo media, with a manufacturing process being very similar to that of Fine Art paper.
The look and feel is very similar to that of traditional "Baryta"
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If you'd prefer to stick to Tradition Photo Paper sheets, Epson is offering 50% off it until the end of March, along with a number of other ranges as well. Head over to the Epson website for more details.


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He's Not Wrong ...
@aaronbruski lol u right about that
July 3, 2015
@aaronbruski lol u right about that
July 3, 2015
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Barnes & Noble hires a new CEO
Ronald Boire, CEO of Sears Canada, will take the top post at the bookseller in September, and current CEO Michael Huseby will become executive ...
Barnes & Noble hires a new CEO
Ronald Boire, CEO of Sears Canada, will take the top post at the bookseller in September, and current CEO Michael Huseby will become executive ...
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Yapingguo.com raises $50 million from Rothschild Group and CID Group of Taiwan.
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To do a better job of payment security, web retailers should take steps to keep payment card data outside of their internal network, CyberSource says in a new report.
Even with payment data encryption and compliance with industry security standards, web merchants are still at risk and need to rethink their approach to payments security, says a new white paper from CyberSource Corp.
Today Payment Card Industry standards and encryption provide a framework for how merchants can securely store and transmit payment card account data to keep it out of the hands of criminals. But there also are inherent problems in what CyberSource vice president and global services and payment security practice founder Dave Glaser calls "lock down" payments processing. "If you're like most companies, payments data is spread throughout your organization," Glaser writes in the white paper: "Enterprise Payment Security 2.0." "In effect, you have a pipeline of payment activity that intersects multiple business processes throughout the order management lifecycle-and toxic payment data is littered at every point of this process."
With present payment systems that emphasize encryption, retailers still are only partially protecting sensitive customer information. "Where all the payment data flows, 71% of companies don't have an accurate inventory of where personally indentified information is stored," writes Glaser. "Even if you encrypt the data and it is stored in your shop, someone still has access."
To do a better job of protecting sensitive customer information, retailers should take steps to keep payment card data outside of their internal network. One such safeguard is using tokenization, which changes some of the numerals in account numbers stored by a retailer, while the complete number is maintained off its network by a processing network such as CyberSource. Other precautions include outsourcing procedures such as chargeback recovery and placing customer payment acceptance forms on web pages hosted by third-party payment processing providers.
By taking additional precautions beyond encryption, both the merchant and the customer are more secure. "Enterprise payment security is about brand protection," writes Glaser. "In the most simple terms, payment data has become a brand liability. To protect your brand, you must separate it from toxic payment data."
All personal data must be stored in Russia, and not in cloud servers elsewhere. Here ...
Posted 07/03/15
Russian shoppers use a variety of domestic e-wallets quite often when shopping online, a result ...
Posted 06/30/15
If there's something you've bought offline that you weren't able to buy online, we're probably thinking about that."


text:
In one embodiment, an apparatus for scanning a beam of light in a digital image recorder includes a curved writing surface translating in at least one direction relative to a stationary frame, a rotatable shaft having a first reflective surface not translating in the at least one direction relative to the stationary frame, and a light source emitting a beam of light directed to the reflective surface for reflection to the curved writing surface.
1. Apparatus for scanning a beam of light in a digital image recorder, comprising:
a translation stage;
a translational cylinder slidably coupled to the translation stage and having an interior surface comprising a curved writing platen;
a rotatable shaft having a first reflective surface, the translational cylinder translating in at least one direction relative to the first reflective surface, the translation stage causing the translation of the translational cylinder; and
a light source emitting a beam of light directed to the reflective surface for reflection therefrom to the curved writing platen.
2. The apparatus of
3. The apparatus of
4. The apparatus of
5. The apparatus of
6. The apparatus of
7. The apparatus of
8. The apparatus of
This application is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/421,444, filed Oct. 19, 1999, by John D. Boardman and Mervin L. Gandstead and entitled "Digital Laser Image Recorder".
The present invention relates generally to an image recording apparatus and, more particularly, to a digital laser image recorder.
Many systems are available for recording a digital laser image on a writing surface. Such systems may incorporate digital-to-analog converters. The analog signal may then be transformed into a continuous tone image.
In accordance with the teachings of the present invention, a digital laser image recorder is provided which substantially increases the speed, accuracy and efficiency of prior laser image recorders.
In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, a digital laser image recorder includes a data manipulation and control system which may provide digital data to a digital light source for conversion to an analog modulated light beam. A scanner may also be provided to direct the light beam toward a writing surface which may be disposed on the interior of a stationary or moveable cylinder. A film handling device operable to deliver sheet film to the writing surface may also deliver sheet film from the writing surface to an associated output tray after writing.
In another embodiment, beam shaping optics may be provided to convert the analog modulated light beams to collimated beams of a predetermined size and circular distribution. The beam shaping optics may also incorporate a power control filter to control the intensity of the collimated beams.
In yet another embodiment, a shutter may be provided. The shutter may have a reflective surface which, in a first position, reflects the light beams away from the scanner and, in a second position, permits the light beams to strike the scanner. A photodiode may also be provided to measure the intensity of the reflected light beams.
In still another embodiment, focusing optics may be provided to focus the collimated beams to form laser beams which may be directed toward the scanner.
Traditional laser recording devices are limited by, among other things, their speed, accuracy and writing density. Technical advantages of the present invention include a digital laser image recorder with a nominal pixel writing density which may exceed six thousand pixels per inch. Each pixel in the image may also be encoded to approximately eleven bit accuracy.
Another technical advantage includes the reduction of diode interaction which may accompany analog modulated light beams emitted from laser diodes.
For a more complete understanding of the present invention, and the advantages thereof, reference is now made to the following brief descriptions, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and detailed description, wherein like reference numerals represent like parts, in which:
The preferred embodiments of the present invention and its advantages are best understood by referring now in more detail to
A digital laser image recorder (DLIR) incorporating aspects of the present invention is illustrated in FIG. 1A and generally designated by the reference numeral 30. DLIR 30 accepts data 31 and transforms it into a continuous tone image. The image may be written upon a curved writing platen using either a single or multifaceted scanner. In one embodiment, the nominal pixel writing density may exceed six thousand pixels per inch, and the transmission of each pixel in the image may be encoded to 11 bit accuracy. Various other writing densities in transmission and coding values may be achieved within the teachings of the present invention.
Digital data bitstream 34 is provided from data manipulation and control system 38 to digital light source 40. Data manipulation and control system 38 provides data processing and control of DLIR subsystems 36 to accomplish the image writing function. Digital light source 40 converts digital data bitstream 34 into analog modulated light beam 42 by actuating different combinations of diodes associated with digital light source 40, for each pixel, as appropriate. As will be described later in more detail, there are many ways to accomplish this function.
A shutter 54 may be provided in order to selectively block light beam 42 when DLIR 30 is not writing. Shutter 54 includes a reflecting surface 55 operable to reflect light beams 42 in order to prevent beams 42 from ultimately reaching the writing surface, as illustrated in
One or more undeflected light beams 58 encounter beam shaping optics 52 where undeflected light beams 58 are reshaped and expanded to produce one or more collimated beams 56 of a predetermined size and circular distribution, from each diode. Beam shaping optics 52 may also include a power control filter to control the intensity of the light reaching the writing platen.
Referring now to
Film transport 68 includes a translation stage and a translational cylinder 69 where the interior surface of cylinder 69 includes the writing surface, or curved writing platen 71. For each revolution of scanner 64, transport 68 and scanner 64 advance one line width relative to each other in a direction parallel to the central axis of cylinder 69 to complete the writing process. Sheet film 72 is supplied to and, after writing, removed from transport 68 by film handling device 70. In the illustrated embodiment transport 68 uses a vacuum to hold film 72 against cylinder 69. In another embodiment, film 72 could be held in place upon writing platen 71 using clips of another mechanical device. Alternatively, static electricity could be used to hold firm 72 in position.
Linear motion of transport 68 is achieved with a precision translation stage 73, such as a linear motor driven stage. Translation stage 73 causes linear motion of cylinder 69 along an imaginary central axis through cylinder 69. In another embodiment, cylinder 69 may remain stationary and translation stage 73 may move linearly, with respect to cylinder 69. Alternatively, each of translation stage 73 and cylinder 69 may move relative to one another simultaneously.
In yet another embodiment, the cylinder may rotate and the facet could remain stationary, or the two components could rotate simultaneously. In the illustrated embodiment, the line width which cylinder 69 advances for each revolution of facet 65 may be approximately equal to one six-thousandth of an inch, or 4.2 microns.
Translation stage 73 may be manufactured by Anorad Corporation of Hauppauge, N.Y. 11786. The translation stage of the illustrated embodiment comprises an Anorad "7-12 crossed-roller bearing positioning stage" with twelve inch travel, with "Heidenhain linear incremental encoder "with ten micron grating pitch, and Anorad" Model LaL-12 brushless linear DC servo motor with sinusoidal commutation. Transport Controller 88 of
The illustrated embodiment incorporates a single facet scanner. A single facet scanner 64 is illustrated in FIG. 4A. In an alternative embodiment, a multi facet scanner may be incorporated to reduce the required degree of wrap (rotation of scanner 64 with respect to writing platen 74) on the writing drum. For example, a two-facet scanner, as shown in
An alternative design of scanner 64 may incorporate a pentaprism mounted to the rotating shaft in lieu of a flat mirror. The pentaprism will bend the output beam 90� relative to the input beam. This angle is unchanged by small motions of the pentaprism. Hence, the writing spot is undisturbed by vibrations of scanner 64 body or shaft. This approach avoids the problem of banding in the written image induced by vibrations of the scanner.
The components of DLIR 30 are illustrated in more detail in FIG. 1B. Data manipulation and control system 38 includes multi-port memory device 80, input central processing unit ("CPU") 81, writer CPU 82, intensity controller 83, data timing and control device 84, motor controller 85, line start detector 87, and transport controller 88. Digital light source 40 includes buffer/mapper/skewer (BMS) card 90, digital light source controller 92, laser diodes and drivers 94 and high frequency modulation device 96. Film handling device 70 includes film cassette 100, film loader/unloader 102, heat processor 104, and macro densitometer 106.
Data 31 is introduced from a workstation 32, preferably including a high speed interface card, to DLIR 30 and ingested by multi-port memory device 80. In the illustrated embodiment, multi-port memory device 80 allows simultaneous data writing and reading for optimum performance. Digital data bitstream 34 is output from multi-port memory device 80 to buffer/mapper/skewer card 90.
Data timing and control of DLIR 30 is based upon optically detecting the position of reflected beam 66 upon transport 68 as illustrated in
For beam intensity monitoring purposes, optical beam 134 must fall onto photodiode, or detector 87 for as long a time as possible. This would require a large photodiode. A low electrical rise time is also required which would imply a small photodiode. Since these are incompatible requirements, the optical configuration of
Referring again to
Precision motor controller 85 controls translation stage 73 and a motor associated with beam rotator 74, and sets the line rate" of DLIR 30, for example three hundred lines per second. This is accomplished by controlling the rotational rate of scanner 64 and synchronizing the rotation of beam rotator 74 with the rotation of scanner 64. Precise motion of transport 68 is achieved using transport controller 88 which drives a linear motor (not expressly shown) in translation stage 73.
Electronic components of digital light source 40 include BMS card 90 and digital light source control 92. BMS card 90 associated with digital light source 40 accomplishes many functions. The buffer function of BMS card 90 converts the wide data format to a single byte wide stream. The mapper function uses an eight-bit word input as an index into a table of calibration data for the batch of film in use. The table outputs a twelve-bit value for each input word. The skewer function delays data to twelve laser diodes and drivers 94 associated with digital light source 40 by integer numbers of clock periods. This delay may range from zero to greater than forty clock periods.
The buffer reads data faster than DLIR 30 is intended to write data. The buffer stores data until more data is needed and supplies the data one line at a time to allow continuous, uninterrupted writing. The delay allows a build up of data within BMS card 90 to ensure the presence of data to be transferred to laser diodes and drivers 94 as necessary for continuous writing.
The recorder discussed herein may be used to record images for viewing with the human eye. To understand the reason for encoding the light to a given bit accuracy, the meaning of such encoding and the response of the human eye are discussed herein. This document discusses encoding the light level emitted to DLS 40 to, for example, twelve-bit accuracy. The meaning here follows the common usage employed in digital circuitry and computing. Assume a string of twelve bits is produced from twelve laser diodes associated with DLIR 30. Here, each bit can have two values, one or zero. A string of twelve bits can thus represent two raised to the twelfth power combinations which equals 4096 combinations. The human eye has a logarithmic rather than linear response to changing light levels. That is, for a bright light, a greater absolute change in light level is required to be perceived than if the light is dimmer. In general, the human eye requires a change in brightness equal to about two percent of value for perception. Changes less than two percent will not be perceived. Thus if a 100:1 dynamic range were encoded to more than 233 levels where each level is constant two percent greater than the next lower level, the eye would perceive the result as continuous tone. Thus the dynamic range could be represented by encoding the exposure to eight-bit accuracy (256 levels) if the levels were logarithmically distributed. When the light levels are encoded in a linear fashion, each level is a constant amount greater than the next lower level rather than a constant percentage greater. To represent a 100:1 dynamic range, more than eight-bits are required to keep the change at the lowest dimmest step within the two percent change requirement. In practice, this means the 100:1 dynamic range must be encoded to about twelve-bit linear accuracy or 4096 levels.
Film calibration of DLIR 30 is performed automatically in DLIR 30. A step-wedge is written onto film 72 and includes a series of sample steps ranging in density from a maximum to a minimum density, and then density readings from each are compared to a predetermined target density for each step. The number of wedges used may range from approximately eight to approximately twenty-five. Density readings from each density step wedge are compared to predetermined target densities for each density step wedge. A digital light source mapper table, associated with BMS Card 90 is then modified prior to making the next exposure. By this process, DLIR 30 is continuously maintained in a calibrated state.
Digital light source control 92 passes high speed data to each laser diode and driver 94, applying fine resolution timing adjustments to compensate for the turn-on delay. Digital light source control 92 also provides low bandwidth control of the light output of each laser diode and driver 94, by adjusting the drive current to the laser diode and driver 94, in response to commands received from intensity controller 83. In the illustrated embodiment, twelve laser diodes, each having an associated driver, are used to achieve 4096:1 dynamic range, as discussed later in more detail.
The laser diodes and drivers 94 of
For the embodiment where the diodes are modulated to either an ON or an OFF setting, diodes 126, 128 and 130 nominally output approximately equal power when ON. Diodes 126, 128 and 130 may be combined with a series of beam splitters 108, 109 and 110, such that the light reaching the output beam, or analog modulated light beam 42 from each succeeding more significant bit diode is twice the amount of light reaching the light beam 42 from the preceding less significant bit diode. In the illustrated embodiment, diode 126 is the most significant bit diode and diode 130 is the least significant bit diode.
Each diode 126, 128 and 130 corresponds to one bit in the bit stream. In general more than three diodes may be required to produce an image. For example, if a combination utilizing twelve diodes is utilized and the digital value to be converted is 100100000000, the most significant bit and the fourth most significant bit diodes would be in the ON setting and the other diodes would be OFF. Similarly, all other possible binary combinations could be produced by turning the corresponding diodes ON or OFF, as appropriate. The writing process is a series of commands that turn the diodes ON or OFF in various combinations as dictated by the values in the data words.
More specifically,
Digital light source 40 is very reliable because it utilizes solid state components. It can function at very high data rates because diodes 126, 128 and 130 can be switched ON and OFF in very short periods of time provides added writing power and can reduce the effects of diode interaction.
The number of laser diodes and drivers 94 associated with digital light source 40 may be varied significantly within the teachings of the present invention. In the particular digital light source discussed above, levels are created by using various combinations of diodes where each diode delivers twice the power of the next least significant diode. Consider two diodes of the digital light source where one diode delivers one unit of light and the other diodes deliver two units. By turning on different combination of diodes, levels of 0, 1, 2, and 3 can be produced. A single diode capable of outputting four levels consisting of levels 0, 1, 2, and 3, could also be used in lieu of the two diodes in the previous implementation. Similarly, a diode capable of outputting eight levels, including zero, could replace three diodes. A diode capable of outputting sixteen levels could replace four diodes, etc. In principle, the entire digital light source could be replaced in this fashion. However, diodes become noisy and unstable at lower levels which limits the number of levels that may be achieved in practice with a single diode. Reducing the number of diodes by outputting more levels per diode offers advantages in the following: packaging, optical complexity, cost effectiveness, improved exposure precision with given number of diodes.
Multi-level diode functionality can be accomplished in a number of ways. The output intensity can be controlled to the appropriate level using detection and feedback circuits. Alternatively, multiple levels can be achieved by pulse-width modulation of the diode output by controlling the percentage of the time the diode is ON. Pulse wide modulation can be accomplished with one diode by continuously varying the pulse width to achieve the required dynamic range. One way this can be accomplished is to divide the sample period into many sub samples using a clock with a frequency much higher than the sample clock. The laser diode is then turned on for a selected number of sub sample periods to achieve the desired exposure.
In another embodiment, programmable digital delay lines are used to control the pulse width. These are commercial electronic devices that delay the time between input signal and output response for a small time increment that is variable. The exact time period is provided as a digital word command to the device. For example, a digital command of zero could result in a minimum time delay of 5.0 nanoseconds between signal in and signal out. A command of one would then result in a time delay of 5.02 nanoseconds. A maximum delay of 10.1 nanoseconds would result from a command word of 255. The increment of time is set by additional circuitry, and the delay modules can be cascading to result in greater adjustment range. Separate sets of delay modules control the rising and falling edges of each pulse, so pulse width control is simply a matter of sending the correct delay commands to each set of modules. The difference in time delay between the rising edge and falling edge signals is the time width of the output pulse. New commands are provided to the DLS control 83 for each sample period.
Pulse width modulation can also be achieved using combinations of two or more diodes. For example, in one embodiment, the outputs of two diodes are combined with a beam splitter. The beam splitter is constructed so that the exposure reaching the writing surface from one diode is 32 times the exposure reaching the surface from the second diode. Using either of the techniques described above, the exposure from the diodes are each encoded to 5 bit accuracy and modulated over a 32:1 linear dynamic range. Here, for example, level 32 is 32 times as bright as level 1 and twice as bright as level 16. The two diodes are then combined to achieve 32�32=1024 levels which is equivalent to modulating one diode to 10 bit linear accuracy. Here, both diodes are on for most levels. Laser diode interference is minimized by combining the diodes with a polarizing beam splitter so the beams are cross polarized. Other techniques mentioned elsewhere such as injection of high frequency modulation or the use of diodes of different wavelengths may also be used.
In another embodiment, the outputs of two diodes are again combined with a beam splitter. However, in this embodiment the two diodes are never on at the same time. One diode provides the most intense exposures whereas the second diode provides the least intense exposures. A continuous range of exposures is provided by adjusting the beam combiner and the diodes intensities so that the least exposure provided by the higher exposure equals the greatest exposure provided by lower exposure diode. The drives for the two diodes can be made identical if the dynamic range for each diode is the square root of the total dynamic range desired. For example, if a 100:1 dynamic range is required, each diode will operate over a 10:1 dynamic range. Since the two diodes are never on at the same time, the issue of laser diode interaction is completely avoided.
The examples cited above illustrate the principle with a combination of two or more diodes. However, the techniques can be extended to combinations of three or more diodes.
All laser diodes exhibit a characteristic delay between the time that a drive current is applied and the time that the output light reaches its commanded intensity.
For purposes of the present invention, the problem is more complicated, such that a simple correction, as outlined previously, may not be sufficient. The turn-on delay, which is shown as a one nanosecond delay in the preceding figures, is actually a function of other parameters. If a drive current is applied that will cause the diode to output its maximum light intensity, the turn-on delay will be shortened. As illustrated in
In DLIR 30, the transmission through the optical path varies as scanner facet 65 rotates. At the start of each line the optical transmission may be >10% higher than at the optical transmission at the center of the line, while at the end of the line the optical transmission may be nearly equal to its value at the start of the line. To maintain a constant intensity at the writing spot (the point on film 72 upon which DLIR 30 is writing), the intensity at each laser diode must be varied by the inverse of the change in transmission. These changes are repeatable for each line of data. Intensity controller 83 provides the appropriate digital correction values to DLS Control 92. The application of these corrections causes changes in output level (intensity) that in turn cause turn-on delay variations.
The level induced turn-on delay variations require a dynamic turn-on delay compensation. Dynamic turn-on delay compensation is implemented with programmable delay lines. These are electronic devices that delay the passage of signals by a time increment that is written to the devices.
In the illustrated embodiment, the time required for the laser diodes to begin lasing is dependent upon the applied current. Current through the diode is directly related to diode output power. In order to maintain constant power at the writing spot, the power output of the diode is controlled. A table of delay values is stored in the DLIR for each laser diode. As the beam scans, each diode's ON current digital delay values are updated every 128 data clocks. Thus, sets of delays and currents are provided that keep the actual switching ON time of each diode constant, relative to the data clock pulse during the entire scan. These delay values shift the leading edge of the writing pulse.
Another source of turn-on delay variation is the temperature of the laser diode substrate. A simple explanation for the phenomenon is that the atomic activity in the lasing material increases at higher temperatures, and thus, oscillations are more easily started and built up. Lasing is an oscillatory phenomenon. The temperature of the substrate material is primarily determined by the fraction of the time that the diode has been outputting light in the recent past. If the diode has been on for hundreds of clock periods, and then is OFF for two clock periods, it will begin lasing with less turn-on delay than if it had been OFF for the preceding forty clock periods. In other devices used for writing images, analog electrical time constants, formed of resistor-capacitor networks, are matched to the characteristics of each diode. These give adequate correction of "recent history" induced turn-on delay variation.
In DLIR 30 of the present invention, the thermal profile of the diode is pre-computed, by looking ahead to the next line of data. The temperature of the diode substrate is inferred from the time the diode will be on during the line. Running exponential averages of the ON time of each diode are input to a correction algorithm which is a mathematical model of the thermal behavior of the diode. The output of the algorithm is then added to the correction for level induced turn-on delay and the sum is applied every 128 clock periods during the writing of the line.
The writing beams emitted from the laser diodes need not be superimposed, as they are in
Laser beams that are coaxial at the source will form superimposed writing spots. Laser beams from several diodes 126, 128 and 130, combined as discussed with reference to
All of the laser diode configurations discussed above may be used to combine outputs from various diodes of different wavelengths. Using diodes of different wavelengths has many advantages. Problems associated with diode interaction are solved because diodes of different wavelengths do not interfere as with diodes having the same wavelength. This configuration may also produce a color printer. Diodes of different wavelengths can be used to produce writing spots of different colored prints based on the response of the film. This may also annotate film with different wavelength diodes based on the response of the film producing different colors when exposed to different colors.
The system may incorporate another technique to eliminate diode interaction. High frequency diode drive modulation may be used to significantly reduce or even eliminate interaction between diodes. This may be accomplished by modulating the diode drive current at a frequency higher than the clock rate.
Another method of injecting light beams noncoaxially includes using a multifaceted beam combiner as illustrated in FIG. 5C. In this configuration, six laser diode sources (not expressly shown) direct beams of collimated light 156, 256, 356, 456, 556 and 656 into focusing lenses 160, 260, 360, 460, 560 and 660. Lenses 160, 260, 360, 460, 560 and 660 focus collimated beams 156, 256, 356, 456, 556 and 656 onto small mirror facets associated with mirror 132 angled to reflect the six central rays of the beams parallel to the optical axis of the lens L1. In another embodiment, mirror 132 could comprise a number of smaller mirrors appropriately angled and "sandwiched" together, rather than a single, multi-faceted mirror. The use of faceted mirror 132 allows reflected beams 157, 257, 357, 457, 557 and 657 to be very close together. In the combiner scheme illustrated in FIG. 5B, the minimum spacing achievable is approximately equivalent to the width of beams 120, 122 and 124. The spacing with the multifaceted combiner can be at least ten times smaller than the spacing which may be achieved by the configuration shown in FIG. 5B. The closeness of the beam spacing may be limited by how small the faceted mirrors can be manufactured. All twelve bits of the digital light source can be spaced apart from each other by this method. By comparison, the method shown in
Each writing spot is made up of analog modulated light beams 42 from one or more of the laser diodes and drivers 94. Pixels are nominally written on 4.2 micron centers but may be written at other spacings, within the teachings of the present invention. Each pixel is registered to the others within ten percent of the center-to-center distance. Precise alignment of the DLS is necessary to its proper function. Achieving the required accuracy is made possible by the combined effects of several novel techniques.
When DLIR 30 incorporates coaxial analog modulated light beams 42 as provided by, for example, the configuration of laser diodes 126, 128 and 130 described in
In another embodiment where DLIR 30 incorporates noncoaxial analog modulated light beams as provided by, for example, the embodiment described in conjunction with
Beam rotator 74 comprises a dove prism as illustrated in
With reference to the coaxial-type digital light source, for example,
The function of a single vertical Risley prism pair 172 is illustrated in
Referring to
Accordingly, in one direction the deflection effects of the rotation of prisms 167 and 168 add, and in the perpendicular direction, the deflection effects of the rotation of prisms 169 and 171 cancels. If prisms 167 and 168 are suitably oriented, the deflection of the beam will be a linear angular motion in the horizontal direction. Similarly, the second pair of Risley prisms 172 is oriented to provide vertical deflection. Because the deflection is small for a given rotation, very fine adjustments in angle can be accomplished.
After analog modulated light beams are aligned to make their respective writing spots coincident, the data timing must be adjusted to make each bit in a written spot arrive at precisely the same time. The timing of each laser diode is adjusted to compensate for the variation in delays between laser diode drive channels, and the differing optical path lengths.
With reference to the OFF-axis type digital light source, the alignment problem is separated into cross-scan, or the line-to-line direction and along-scan alignments by the design of the DLIR. The cross-scan direction is vertical at the source and the along-scan direction is horizontal. Adjustment of the analog modulated light beams in the line-to-line direction is done by the pair of Risley prisms with the incorporated mechanical drive. The angle of the source beam incident to the spot forming optics controls the writing spot vertical position. Optical adjustment of the analog modulated light beams in the along-scan direction is only used to center the beams in the writing aperture. This adjustment is not used to control the writing spot position. Only a coarse adjustment by rotating the laser diode source on its base is required at initial assembly to maximize the power through the aperture. The resulting writing spot position, determined by the beam angles entering the focusing optics, is not controlled.
The writing spot is "assembled" on the film. The timing of each diode is adjusted to compensate for the different relative position of each spot along the line. If, for example, the fifth diode is ON for a particular sample on the line, and the fifth diode is 1.34 samples behind the reference position along the line, then the data is delayed to the fifth diode by 1.34 clock periods so that when the writing spot from the fifth diode is over the particular sample spot along the line, it will switch ON and make its contribution to the writing spot.
One advantage of the present invention allows the beams to be separated by relatively large distances and still be accurately timed to arrive at the correct spot. The least significant bits (LSB) of the DLS are nominally colinear, and their timing differences are small compared to the data clock period. The three beams that make up the two most significant bits (MSB) are separated by up to 40 sample spacings, or clock periods.
The timing adjustments required for diode alignment are made by the use of digitally-programmable delay lines. These are electronic components that delay a pulse through them by a time increment that is set by a digital word input to the device. The digital word can range from 0 to 255, and a corresponding multiple of the delay resolution results. In the illustrated embodiment, the time increment used is approximately equal to 100 picoseconds. This provides resolution of approximately one percent of the clock period.
With reference to
Coarse, dynamic, along-scan alignment of the analog modulated light beams 42 from each laser diode and driver 94 is done by recording the optical line-start pulse timing of each beam 42 relative to the once per revolution output of a shaft encoder associated with the motor of the scanner. This measurement is used to set the beams timing within one clock period.
Accurate measurements of writing spot position are desirable to perform fine, along-scan alignment. An innovative measurement method that minimizes problems which may be associated with pulse shapes and the transient response of electronic measurement systems is illustrated in
A lens mounted within cylinder 69, outside the film scanning range, images the writing beam on a ruled grating with equal opaque and transparent spaces. The lens magnifies the writing beam so the beam sample spacing equals the grating pitch. The grating contains about 40 pairs of transparent and opaque lines. A photodiode collects the light passing through the grating. For alignment, DLIR 30 may be set to write a 1 ON—1 OFF pattern with a designated reference laser diode and driver 94 active. On the next line another laser diode and driver 94 writes the same pattern. The two diodes continue this alternative line pattern.
To measure alignment, the programmable delay from the line-start pulse to the start of scan is set to a minimum value. The amount of light passing through the grating from the first reference laser diode and the second laser diode is measured and recorded. Next, the delay is increased by a predetermined increment and the measurement is repeated. This process is repeated as the delay is increased. The intensity through the grating will vary sinusoidally with the delay. The amplitude of the sinusoid will be different for each laser diode, as will the phase. A processing algorithm may be incorporated to calculate the phase difference of the two sinusoids. This phase difference is equal to the relative timing "misalignment" of the diodes. An adjustment of the relative delay of the second diode will then bring it into alignment with the first diode. Each diode in turn is aligned to the reference diode using the same procedure. This method is insensitive to the intensity of the beams, and does not require wide bandwidth photodiodes and amplifiers to make the measurement.
Referring again to
Film cassette 100 holds sheet film 72 which is fed to the writing surface by film loader/unloader 102. Film cassette 100 is removable and periodically reloaded with film as needed. After exposure, film 72 is removed from the transport and transferred to heat processor 104.
Heat processor 104 includes a heated drum. Film 72 is held against the surface of the drum. Since film 72 is fixed by heating, this contact with the heated drum accomplishes the fixing function. Following fixing, the film sheets are past by a light-source/photodiode assembly used to read density step wedges, which were printed for DLIR/Film calibration. Finally, film 72 is placed into an output tray. A commercially available film handling system may be incorporated into DLIR 30.
Although the present invention has been described by several embodiments, various changes and modifications may be suggested to one skilled in the art. It is intended that the present invention encompasses such changes and modifications as fall within the scope of the present appended claims.
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Trust Your Hearing to a Doctor of Audiology.
Ginette Lezotte, Au.D., CCC-A, received her Bachelor of Science and Doctor of Audiology degree from Central Michigan University. She is certified by the American Speech Language Hearing Association and holds a State of Michigan Audiologist License. Dr. Lezotte is also a fellow member of the American Academy of Audiology, Academy of Dispensing Audiologists and the Michigan Academy of Audiology. Dr. Lezotte is an adjunct professor at Wayne State University where she currently teaches Hearing Aids I and Hearing Aids II to the doctoral students. She has previously taught undergraduate college course in hearing aids and Audiology at Wayne State University. She has also lectured at local and national conferences on hearing impairment and hearing aids. Prior to opening Grosse Pointe Audiology, Dr. Lezotte worked at Henry Ford Health System. She was the coordinator of the Cochlear Implant Program and Hearing Aid Program at both the main hospital and at a satellite office.
Doctor of Audiology Jackie Sommerville, formerly Rabaut, is a native of Grosse Pointe. She earned her Bachelor of Arts degree from Michigan State University and her Doctor of Audiology degree from Wayne State University. She has been a part of the Grosse Pointe Audiology team for over seven years. She is certified by the American Speech Language Hearing Association and holds a State of Michigan Audiologist License. She is also a fellow member of the American Academy of Audiology, Academy of Dispensing Audiologists and the Michigan Academy of Audiology.
Our Audiology Offices At Grosse Pointe Audiology, we understand how important your sense of hearing is to you and your family. We are ready to help to find the right hearing aids for your needs. We offer our hearing aid services with pride. We treat you like a person, not a number. Grosse Pointe Audiology offers a wide variety of hearing aid products at the best prices. Give Grosse Pointe Audiology an opportunity to show you the quality of our hearing aids and the quality of our hearing aid services. Our private practice provides high quality repair service for all of our aids, and we even provide repair services for aids we didn't sell! We carry hearing aid batteries and a wide variety of hearing aid accessories which makes us the one stop for all your hearing aid needs
Comprehensive Hearing Tests, Counseling and Education, Custom Ear Products, Digital Hearing Aids, Hearing Aid Evaluations, Hearing Aid Repair Lab, Otacoustic Emissions testing,Noise and Sleep Plugs,Swim Plugs and Musician's Ear Plugs,Custom iPod Earmolds and Assistive Listening Devices
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Read 13 verified patient reviews for Grosse Pointe Audiology! Their average review score is 4.85 () and their scores range from 3 to 5 stars.
"Very professional, knowledgable, worked well to meet customer's needs"
"My sister and I have been patients of Dr Somerville for 6 years. She and her staff are very thoughtful and ..." more »
"My wife is a well-known professional singer and when her hearing began to deteriorate, she went to see Dr. ..." more »
"I liked it just fine, they were very nice, but they didn't include the cost of test in the $3000 - I thought ..." more »
Official Response:"Irene-We are sorry that you weren't ..." more »
"I liked her confidence! "
"Talk about exceeding my expectations!! Dr. Lezotte and her staff are amazing! The office is very warm and ..." more »
"She was very professional, kind and she showed that she really cared. "
"Dr. Sommerville fitted me for hearing aids in 2008, my first pair. It was as if I'd been transported. Several ..." more »
"I have been going to this office and Dr. Ginny Lezotte for over 5yrs. I have retired and moved 160 miles away ..." more »
"Dr. Lozette goes above and beyond and provides excellent care. I would recommend everyone is give her a try! ..." more »
"The doctors and staff at GPA are kind and well educated. My daughters doctor is Dr. Somerville and she does ..." more »
"We had an excellent experience. She was fantastic. There was also another lady that was there, I guess it was ..." more »
"I am 93 years old and have perforated ear drums that make proper care for my hearing quite challenging. I was ..." more »


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Eddie Sotto was very kind to write this article for Yesterland. I think you will enjoy it.
Please discuss it here.
Eddie Sotto was very kind to write this article for Yesterland. I think you will enjoy it.
Please discuss it here.
Excellent article by Eddie Sotto! And I wholeheartedly agree with him, about those wonderful 'unexpected details' which truly make the Disney parks so special.
Which reminds me...
Shame on you, TDA, for allowing the floating candle effect on HM's second story windows to fall into disrepair!
Shame on you, TDO, for switching off the video monitors at CTX/Dinosaur's ride exit, which displayed the hysterical surveillance camera images of lab staff chasing down the iguanodon!
This is the stuff that makes a Disney park 'Disney'!!
Pry open your petty cash box and buy yourselves a clue, OK?
Great Scot! I'm one of those wretched things they call "details"! In the military, I was always on one detail or another. Reminds me of the time were plying the Zambezi River......there we were, surrounded by a rogue gaggle of Hippotami...of course, I was the only "Hippo whisperer" on board at the time. Quieted their rage by reading aloud in soft tones "Hippos are from Venus, the English are from Mars" till they wiggled their tiny ears and sunk to a prolonged nap. The devil is in those details..Uh..Lost my point.


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Proposals include the introduction of new breathing equipment, workers being made to sit in window seats and seriously overweight workers not being allowed to fly in choppers.
The changes are being made in a bid to improve safety in the wake of a spate of helicopter crashes offshore. But the trade body Oil and Gas UK (OGUK) has warned the changes may have "serious adverse consequences" on safety, as more flights will have to be laid on.
OGUK told Westminster's Transport Select Committee the tight timetable for reforms — due to come online in June — means maintenance work on offshore platforms and pipelines may be shelved, raising the likelihood of "serious incidents" such as leaks.


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SpecialtyOtolaryngology, Sleep Medicine
GroupAustin Regional Clinic, P.A.
Contact InfoARC Far West Medical Tower - Otolaryngology
6811 Austin Center Blvd., Ste. 300
Austin, TX 78731
Phone: (512) 346-8888
Fax: (512) 406-7321
Year Joined ARC: 1993
Education: B.A. in History and Premed Program, The University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 1984
Medical School: University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 1988
Residency Internship: Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL, 1993
Certification: Board Certified in Otolaryngology and Sleep Medicine
Professional Positions and Honors:
- Member, ARC Board
- Served on medical committees at Seton Northwest Hospital and Northwest Surgical Center
- Chair, ENT section for the Seton Healthcare Family
- "Super Doctors," Texas Monthly, 2010, 2011, 2012
Languages Spoken: Limited Spanish
Personal Summary:
Dr. Leary is involved as a leader in Boy Scouts, Cub Scouts, and as an advisor for the Seton Health Careers Exploring. He has six children and the family enjoys camping and tennis. He is also active with ministries at his church.
Provider Bio:
Dr. Leary diagnoses and treats Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA). Read more about Sleep Lab Services at ARC.
Views on political or religious issues expressed by medical staff may not necessarily represent the views of the Seton Healthcare Family.


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Daily Sales Up to 70% OFF Limited-time deals start every day at 12 pm ET.
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Whitehall Products Eagle Estate Address Plaque
Whitehall Products Eagle Estate Address Plaque
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|Country of Manufacture: United States
About the ManufacturerSince 1941, Whitehall Products has been the industry leader in crafting fine home accents, garden décor, and home address systems with innovative designs and the superior quality of handcrafted items. Whitehall's products are highly durable, maintenance free, and will be cherished for years to come. An in-house design department creates each product with distinctive styling and innovative function. Products are hand crafted from rust-free recycled aluminum in Whitehall's manufacturing facilities located in Western Michigan. Whitehall uses only the finest bronze, copper, brass, and recycled aluminum to assure the highest possible standards. p/br Renowned as the world's largest manufacturer of weathervanes and personalized name and address plaques, Whitehall also produces hundreds of other decorative home accents including mailboxes, clocks, thermometers, bells, wall décor, sundials, and other landscape accents. Whitehall's leadership in the Home & Garden Accent market assures that you are receiving the most current product designs and color trends. bCelebrating over 60 years of manufacturing excellence!/b
Whitehall Products Eagle Estate Address Plaque
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Are New Hydrogen Cars Better Than Electrics?
If cars ran on water, the price of H2O would probably jump to $4 per gallon, and filling our tanks wouldn't be any less expensive than using gasoline. The good part, though, would be that we'd have an unending supply, and we could drive forever without polluting our environment.
Cars powered by water won't ever happen, but cars powered by hydrogen, which emit only water, are happening already.
Much like electric cars, hydrogen-powered cars aren't very practical, because there is no refueling infrastructure in place. Unlike electric cars, fueling up involves filling a tank with compressed gas, which can take a matter of minutes rather than hours.
Toyota and Honda are both big proponents of hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles, but owning one certainly won't be cheap.
Car Industry News, Car Minded, Electric Vehicles, Foreign Cars, Gas for your car..., General Chat


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Still really digging the bike and had some fun on some flow in San Luis Obispo this past weekend. We rode a fun section "the Euks" which has some table tops and fun berms. The bike handled great and I found no issues with the bigger tires when in the air. My TALAS has decided to now be a Float with no adjustment which really sucks. Nothing like having something for a week and it has already broken.
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Wes in ID
It's oil. What else can I say.Read All Reviews
KRIS in TX
If you used this in the 70's and liked the smell, save your coin cause no matter what they say it ain't the same. I'm sure the gestapo left winged EPA made them change it somehow.Read All Reviews
JOHN in MN
I have been using this in my Banshee for a couple years now and I love it. I will not use anything else.Read All Reviews
JOHN in MN
I have been using this oil in my banshee for a long time. I absolutely love it. The same mix that goes in my banshee goes in my chain saw, my weed whacker, my leaf blower, and my ice auger. I will not buy anything else but klotz.Oh yeah, the smell is my favorite!Read All Reviews
Eric in CA
Just bought my second gallon. Great price, great performance, and low spooge.Read All Reviews


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Combining photography, photoshop and fabric is fabulous to be able to do. Contact me if you live in the south Denver area and would like to get together for Spoonflower projects and/or Craftsy projects.
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Workshop Number: CC-F-200
Location: E-206
Come and learn about Films On Demand. A easily searchable repository of curriculum focused video clips for online learning and classroom use. Includes thousands of high-quality educational titles in various subject areas. Special features allow users the ability to organize and bookmark clips, create and share playlists.


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In case you haven't noticed, there is a war going on in the United States: a war on women.
If you suspected this, but weren't quite sure, a new report from the Guttmacher Institute policy analysis will confirm your worst nightmares.
According to the report, 55 percent of all reproductive-age U.S. women lived in a state hostile to abortion rights in 2011, up significantly from 31% in 2000, as many "middle ground" states have shifted to "hostile" over the past decade.
We've been documenting many of these developments at Care2, and you can read all about them in detail here.
The increase is the result of a dramatic shift in the abortion policy landscape at the state level over the past decade, including a record number of abortion restrictions that were enacted in 2011.
From The Guttmacher Institute:
"In 2000, the country was more evenly divided: nearly a third of women lived in states solidly hostile to abortion rights, slightly more than a third in states supportive of abortion rights and close to a third in middle-ground states," says Rachel Benson Gold, Guttmacher's director of policy analysis. "By 2011, however, more than half of women of reproductive age lived in hostile states. This growth came largely at the expense of the states in the middle. Only one in 10 women lived in a middle-ground state by 2011."
The analysis finds that most states—35 in total—remained in the same category in all three years. However, of the 15 states whose abortion policy landscape changed substantially, all became more restrictive. Two formerly supportive states had moved to the middle-ground category by 2011, and one had become hostile. And 12 states that had been middle-ground in 2000 had become hostile by 2011. In 2000, 19 states were middle-ground and only 13 were hostile. By 2011, 26 states were hostile to abortion rights, and the number of middle-ground states had been cut in half, to nine.
The map that Guttmacher provides presents a clear picture: west coast and northeastern states have remained consistently supportive of abortion rights. But in the middle of the country, a number of states have moved from being middle-ground states in 2000 to hostile in 2011. And of the 13 states in the south, half were hostile in 2000, but all had become so by 2011.
The authors of the report also endeavor to add a break in the gloomy news.
From The Guttmacher Institute:
"There is certainly ample precedent of reproductive rights supporters in those states stopping or blunting restrictive abortion bills," says Gold. "And they have had some other noteworthy successes in recent years in enacting a proactive agenda to expand access to sexual and reproductive health-related services. For instance, Colorado has mandated contraceptive insurance coverage and Wisconsin has expanded access to comprehensive sex education."
But today, we're seeing yet another attack on women's rights, in a different arena: Republican senators are threatening to block the Violence Against Women Act (VAWA), which investigates and prosecutes violent crimes against women.
Will this war never stop? What do the Republicans have against women?
Related Stories
N.C. Rejects Funds For Family Planning: If Women Didn't Have Sex To Begin With….
Record Number Of State Abortion Limitations In 2011
GOP Oppose Violence Against Women Act Because It Helps Too Many
Read more: anti-abortion, anti-abortion states, guttmacher institute, pro life movement, roe vs. wade, war on women, womens rights
Photo Credit: naralprochoiceamerica
The one with the closed mind, Roseanne, is you, as evidenced by your persistent insistence that your opinions are, not merely superior to those of others, but stand as facts.
That is ipse dixit, the ultimate form of the logical fallacy of appeal to/argument from authority.
" It is not the woman's body, it is the child's who live within hers, to be protected"
Really? I think the above comment is very telling Roseanne. I personally did not change from a real live human being with the same rights as the man next to me into nothing more than a vessel for the life within me whilst carrying my children. Perhaps you would like to clarify that statement because that's what it implies to me. Surely you didn't mean it that way, or did you?
No matter what I or anyone else says, you have closed your minds sadly. You can believe those who lie to you if you want. I gave you some pro life sites to maybe get some balance in there somewhere! It is sad when people don't see the real truth of the matter, because it finishes up causing them and others enormous pain and suffering in the finish. American law used Jane Roe, Norma McCorvey to bring abortion on demand into practice. She was exploited and she tells her own story now -- do you know she didn't even have an abortion? Abortion is an abuse of women and their children, that brings death. People's rights only extend to where another's begins. It is not the woman's body, it is the child's who live within hers, to be protected. Why am I so passionate about this issue? I am passionate about people, that's why! Because I have personally seen the ugliness of abortion, the suffering of it in women and want to prevent still more from falling victim to it! Because I hate the lies you have been told! I see the injustice done to you, by those who truly do not care! I
This is about keeping men from being responsible and holding only women responsible. There you are you bad girl. You had sex. That is a sin, unless you are married. You should be punished for this sin, but we can't figure out how to do that. But we can punish you for becoming pregnant. And we will remove any options from you to stop or protect against that pregnancy. You now are solely responsible for the care, and costs associated with raising that child. Men committed the sin of having sex with you, but we can't punish them for that. If the woman gets pregnant and she is not married, we can only punish her by making her carry this pregnancy to term. Remember, you sinned first in Eden, and are to be punished for this, you were only created to be man's helpmeet. Tough luck, but that's the way we see it. Mind your place woman.
Roseanne - Whilst I respect your passion for your stance - may I gently point out that you are not the only person posting here with some (or much) medical knowledge. You have presented some indisputable medical facts, but you have woven in so many fallacies and distortions amidst those few valid points that your entire arguement falls apart. (To offer such blatantly anti choice websites as "proof" of your multiple claims does nothing to further your agenda incidentally). American women have a right to health care - they have a right to self determination, and they have a right to the autonomy of their own bodies, without interference from government. This is not an opinion - this is, or should be, fact.
Rather than spend so much unproductive time attempting to control the reproductive lives of others, these politicians should get off their backsides and attempt to put a once great country back together, or at the very least, make the pretense of representing the people who elected them, as opposed to wasting time coming up with draconian laws designed to send half the population back to the dark ages.
Your twist on what those statements mean is your opinion. Biological life begins. Ascribing consciousness and ensoulment to these events is your wish and is not science. Science cannot even determine where and when the soul attaches itself to the consciousness. So again your facts are fiction. Biological life that has the potential to become human life once it has completely evolved with a patent active discerning nervous system begins at conception, not personhood.
Claiming OPINIONS, be they yours or those of others, to be facts will NOT make them FACTS.
The very fact that there are very many who do not share your view demonstrates that your conclusion is a SUBJECTIVE one; i.e., a PERSONAL OPINION.
You are entitled to your own opinions; you are NOT ENTITLED to you own "facts."
It is not my personal opinion, that's the whole point! If you look up basic anatomy and physiology books, sites like Family Life International, Right to Life, Voice foe Life, or Google, Life before birth, you will see the facts. Human life begins at conception. I can not "prove" to you that you are in fact " human," so you will believe me. Does that mean you are not human merely because you or someone else chooses to believe you are not?! Is it a matter of opinion or fact?
Is it because people do not want to "see" certain people as human beings, that they tell themselves or others that, to justify the taking of human life? Or is it because others have lied to them? Do they truly not see those people as people, like them?
Check out DR Bernard Nathenson and his experience...
The fact remains that you continue to make NAKED ASSERTIONS based on PERSONAL OPINIONS.
Your definition of when life begins has no special standing.
I am not short of the factual knowledge, I don't want to spend time trying to explain to people who really don't want to know. Anything I tell you, you will try to say is lies, so it becomes futile. Your position is untenable in the face of the truth.
I know all the methods of abortion, from contraception that contains abortifacients, to prostaglandin, saline and partial birth abortion, plus a myriad of others. I can describe to you what happens to the child in each and the mother. Did you know that in some places it is legal to abort a baby from the time of earliest detection of pregnancy, to the baby being in the birth canal, just before their head crowns?
"After birth abortion," is now being advocated by Dr Minerva of Melbourne.
When conception occurs at fertilisation, a new life is formed by the process of 'Meiosis." The cell containing the new life produces hormones that travel to the woman's pituitary gland, which in turn, stimulates the continued production of oestrogen to maintain the lining of the uterus in preparation for implantation at 5-6 days. The "facts" that I have told you are those given to nurses in their training, they are not my opinion!
Disclaimer: The views expressed above are solely those of the author and may
not reflect those of
Care2, Inc., its employees or advertisers.
I was sobbing by the end, I love the Girl Scouts. I'm so proud of them and they have so many great p…
Deborah W, thinking pretty thoughts and pretending everything's okay is not going to fix this.


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Diaspora dispatches
For Dr. Roxanne Townsend, Medicaid medical director at the Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals (DHH), drenched medical bottles symbolized the health information shortage. After spending four days tending patients in the New Orleans Superdome, Townsend saw critical health information literally washing away.
"When the water came in, the labels peeled right off the bottles, and the contents were reduced to slush," Townsend said. "This posed a tremendous problem, especially for those patients who didn't remember what drugs they were taking."
DHH does not keep detailed drug and medical histories on state Medicaid recipients, but it does keep a database of payments the state has made on behalf of individual Medicaid claimants. After the storm hit, department officials used the information to help piece together partial medical records for doctors and nurses tending to Medicaid patients in the Superdome and throughout New Orleans.
In some cases, DHH employees provided temporary user names and passwords to pharmacies rushing to fill prescriptions. "We put all of our people to work on a phone bank, so providers could call and we could verify that an individual was indeed a Medicaid patient and then provide access to the medicine and treatment this patient was taking," Townsend said.
The information proved critical to maintaining continuous care of people with long-term diseases -- the paramount challenge for medical workers. "During the hurricane and subsequent flooding, there was not mass casualty or even many broken or severed arms," she said. "The thing we had to think about in this disaster from a public health perspective were the needs around chronic illnesses."
Naturally, health care providers focused first on those patients with the most life-threatening illnesses. "The HIV population is one that you don't want off medications or out of care for very long," she said. Some health care workers were able to use Labtracker, an electronic medical record system maintained by Louisiana State University (LSU) to care for HIV patients.
LSU's CLinical InQuiry (CLIQ) system, which contains almost 30 million individual records on more than 350,000 patients, was also put to work after Katrina. The system went down during the disaster, but CLIQ helped emergency workers and others gain access to patient data housed in area health care facilities such as New Orleans' hard-hit Charity Hospital.
Using a patchwork of databases to disseminate information on patients displaced by Katrina has made officials acutely aware of the need for integrated medical records. As a result, DHH leaders are meeting with federal Department of Health and Human Services officials to negotiate a role for the state in developing a national medical records database.
"We've recognized the need to do this regardless of whether we are awarded a contract or not," Townsend said. "Before Katrina hit, there was not a comprehensive, overall push for information. Instead, we hoped and prayed this would never happen. Now that it has, we realize that our lives are very different here in Louisiana."
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