text:
A first data stream (26) requested by a first client (1) is received at a router (16). A second data stream (24) requested by a second client (2) is also received at the router (16). The router (16) determines that the first data stream (26) and the second data stream (24) are identical. The router (16) multicasts the first data stream (26) and the second data stream (24) into a single multicast data stream (28). The single multicast data stream (28) is transmitted to the first client (1) and to the second client (2).
1. A method for multicasting identical data streams, wherein each data stream is comprised of a plurality of packets, at a router for simultaneous receipt by multiple users comprising, at the router:
receiving a first data stream requested by a first client;
receiving a second data stream requested by a second client;
determining that the first data stream and the second data stream are identical;
multicasting the first data stream and the second data stream into a single multicast data stream; and
transmitting the single multicast data stream to the first client and to the second client.
2. The method according to
3. The method according to
4. The method according to
5. The method according to
6. The method according to
7. The method according to
8. The method according to
9. The method according to
10. The method according to
receiving a third data stream in replace of the first data stream; and
sending the first client the single multicast data stream and the third data stream.
11. The method according to
transmitting a signal to the first client indicating that the first client should ignore the single multicast data stream.
12. The method according to
after a predetermined period of time, unicasting the third data stream to the first client; and
unicasting the second data stream to the second client.
13. The method according to
detecting that a source of the first data stream has not transmitted any data streams for a predetermined period of time;
ceasing transmission of the single multicast data stream; and
unicasting the second data stream to the second client.
14. A method for comparing multiple data streams, wherein each data stream comprises a plurality of packets and each packet has a checksum, at a router comprising:
receiving a first data stream at a first time;
modifying each checksum in the first data stream to create a first plurality of modified checksum values;
storing the first plurality of modified checksum values for a window of time in a first memory;
receiving a second data stream at a second time;
modifying each checksum in the second data stream to create a second plurality of modified checksum values;
storing the second plurality of modified checksum values for a window of time in a second memory; and
comparing the first plurality of modified checksum values with the second plurality of modified checksum values to determine if the first data stream is identical to the second data stream.
15. The method according to
16. The method according to
17. An apparatus for multicasting data streams comprising:
a network having a plurality of sources; and
a router coupled to the network operable to:
receive data streams from the plurality of sources; and
multicast identical data streams into a single multicast transmission for simultaneous receipt by multiple users, wherein the identical data streams multicast by the router originate from a common source which does not support multicasting.
18. The apparatus according to
19. The apparatus according to
20. The apparatus according to
21. An apparatus for comparing multiple data streams, wherein each data stream comprises a plurality of packets, at a router comprising:
a first memory for storing a modified checksum value for each packet received from a first data stream;
a second memory for storing a modified checksum value for each packet received from a second data stream; and
a processor, coupled to the first memory and to the second memory, programmed to compare the modified checksum values from the first data stream with the modified checksum values from the second data stream and add the modified checksum values from the first data stream with the modified checksum values of the second data stream to determine if the first data stream is identical to the second data stream.
22. The apparatus according to
The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for transparently multicasting identical data streams originating from different or common sources.
In the Internet environment, multiple users access the same data relatively close to the same time. For example, popular web sites have hit rates which approach 200 hits per second (as described in Mansigian, Joseph, Clearing the Traffic Jam at Internet Servers—A Network Layer View of Network Traffic Consolidation, March, 1997). Many of the accesses are to the "main" or first page of a given web page, e.g., http://www.cnn.com, therefore multiple accesses or users can be served by one packet which is multicast to the multiple users. Such multicasting reduces the amount of traffic on the network links and effectively increases the aggregate bandwidth of the system. FIG. 1 shows an example of one source multicasting the same data to two separate clients inside the Internet. At the point where the routes to the clients diverge, the data packets are duplicated and sent to each client directly. The data packets are grouped as one as far through the network as possible, splitting when necessary to reach each client. As shown in FIG. 1, the solid black lines represent the combined/multicast route for clients 1 & 2. The dashed lines represent the route to client 1. The dotted lines represent the route to client 2 and the asterisk lines signify the unused routes. Not all servers connected to the Internet support multicasting of data packets. Network bandwidth is wasted by these servers when identical data packets are delivered to multiple clients.
There are services available which deliver streaming content to end users. Although much of this content is of the store and forward variety, many of the streams are made of live content. For example, one of the popular features offered by these services is the ability for Internet users to access sporting events which are not broadcast on radio or television in their local area. Multiple users in a given area may access the same live content, thus providing users with the ability to access numerous different sources within a local area and around the country. In such an example, two Internet users could actually be in the same neighborhood listening to the same sports broadcast, possibly a Purdue basketball game, and retrieving the same data from different sources. In this case, however, multicasting at the source level is not possible since the two users are accessing different sources.
Thus, a need exists for multicasting data for simultaneous receipt by multiple users when the multiple users are accessing different sources or when multiple users are accessing a single source which does not support multicasting.
A preferred embodiment of the present invention is now described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 (prior art) is a graphical depiction of a typical multicasting scenario where multiple users are accessing a single source which supports multicasting;
FIG. 2 is a graphical depiction of a result of multicasting two separate but identical streams of data at a router according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a format and fields of a user datagram protocol packet according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graphical depiction of comparing checksums of two data streams according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention; and
FIG. 5 is a graphical depiction of two clients receiving a multicast signal after one clients "changes channels" according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
A technique for multicasting user datagram protocol (UDP) packets or other packets at a router (wireless or wired) for simultaneous receipt by multiple users when the multiple users are accessing different sources (e.g., servers) is described herein. One of the unique features of this technique is that there is not a requirement that the sources of the data streams are the same in order for the data to be multicast. When the data streams are multicast, only one copy of the data stream needs to be sent, thus reducing the data transmitted by the router to the number of users accessing the same data. By using this multicasting technique, the effective throughput of the router is increased. The technique described herein is applicable for any subnet that supports a multicast capability within its datalink protocol.
An implementation of this technique according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention is based on four phases: (1) detection of identical UDP packets; (2) modification of header information for a multicast stream; (3) notification to the clients of the use of multicasting; and (4) delivery of the multicast stream to multicast users. FIG. 2 illustrates a system environment according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention. A network (e.g., the Internet) 10 having a plurality of sources 12, 14 which are in communication with a router 16. The router 16 is in communication with a plurality of clients/end users 1, 2 via a transmit tower 18. In this particular example illustrated in FIG. 2, client 1 accesses a first source 14 and client 2 accesses a second source 12. When two separate but identical data streams from the different sources 12, 14 or from a common source which does not support multicasting come to the router 16, the router 16 multicasts the data streams 24, 26 into one multicast transmission 28. Each data stream 24, 26 is comprised of a plurality of UDP packets. As will be explained in detail below, manipulation of the content of the UDP packets allows the router 16 to determine if the two separate data streams 24, 26 are identical.
In FIG. 3, the format and fields of the UDP packet 30 is shown (as described in Comer, Douglas E., Internetworking with TCP/IP, Volume 1, Prentice Hall, 1991). Bits 0-31 of the UDP packet 30 contains a UDP source port 32, a UDP destination port 34, a UDP message length 36, a UDP checksum 38 and data 40.
The router 16 searches for data streams where the UDP packets are identical, except for the header information (source and destination). If the UDP checksums 38, modified for the extraction of the per flow information, are identical, the data portion 40 of the UDP packets are identical. Thus, the UDP checksums 38 are modified so that only the data 40 in the UDP packets 30 are compared.
The UDP checksum 38 covers not only the UDP data 40, but also a UDP pseudo-header. The UDP pseudo-header is twelve bytes long and contains the source internet protocol (IP) address, the destination IP address, a zero byte, a protocol byte, and a UDP length field. The source and destination addresses and the protocol byte may be determined from the IP header. The length of the UDP checksum 38 is also contained in the UDP header. The zero byte is a no effect pad to facilitate sixteen bit one's complement addition.
Given the unique properties of the UDP checksum 38, computing the modified checksum is simple. The modified checksum is the old checksum minus the sixteen bit one's complement sum of the following fields: source IP address, destination IP address, zero byte, protocol byte, UDP length, source port and destination port.
The following pseudocode segment computes the modified checksum to be stored for the UDP packets that are to be compared to determine whether the contents are identical. Computationally, it is much more efficient to compute the modified checksum to be stored for the UDP packets that are to be compared than to compute a modified checksum over the whole UDP packet. For each UDP packet 30:
unsigned long sum=0;
unsigned short count=8;
addr=<start of IP addr+12>;
while ( count>1 )/* add in IP source and destination address */
sum+=* (unsigned short) addr++;
sum+=<protocol>; /* protocol byte 0 extended to 16 bits */
addr=<start of UDP packet within IP packet>;
while (count>1) /* add in UDP source and dest. port, and msg length */
sum+=(unsigned short) addr++;
/* fold 32-bit sum to 16 bits */
while (sum>>16)
sum=(sum & 0xffff)+(sum>>16);
storedchecksum=checksum−(˜sum); /* ˜C=˜(˜C−m)=>˜C=C−˜m*/
This pseudocode is derived from two Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Request for Comments (RFC): Braden, Bouman, Computing the Internet Checksum, (RFC 1071) and Mallory, Kullberg, Incremental Updating of the Internet Checksum, (RFC 1141).
Once the UDP checksums are modified and stored, they are easily compared. The one's complement sum of identical numbers is all ones. If the source and destination ports 32, 34 are not operating system or application specific, they may be excluded from the above computation.
In order to detect identical data from different sources or from a common source which does not support multicasting, the router 16 stores the modified checksum values for a subset/window of packets (possibly five to ten packets) from each data stream in memory (e.g., a per destination list 42, 44) as shown in FIG. 4. It should be noted that it is possible that the data streams are offset in time. For example, UDP packets 24 from a first data stream are saved and later compared with UDP packets 26 from a second data stream. A processor 46 is programmed to compare the modified checksum values of the first data stream with the modified checksum values of every other data stream stored in memory. In this manner, multicasting may occur on data streams which are offset in time. The pseudocode used to compare the modified checksums is as follows:
for counter=1 to x
a[counter]=modified checksum of stream a
b[1]=modified checksum of stream b for counter=1 to x
if b[1]=a[counter] then
if b[2]=a[counter +1] then
if match=TRUE then streams are the same
where x is the number of datagrams to compare. The variable x varies depending on the system constraints. Once the data streams are compared, the processor 46 adds their modified checksum values. If the result of adding the modified checksum values together is 0xff (i.e., 16 bits all ones), then the checksums are identical and statistically speaking, the data streams are identical.
In the above pseudocode used to compare the modified checksums, two successive checksum matches indicate two identical streams. In practice, this number may be increased. Nesting the comparisons in the second "counter=" loop enables more than two comparisons. Thus, if there is a checksum match, other checksums for the same data stream are compared. Several matches indicate multiple identical streams.
Once the data streams are determined to be identical, the router 16 notifies the clients 1, 2 that the UDP packets from the data streams are replaced by a single multicast data stream 28 as shown in FIG. 2. The remaining UDP packets are sent to all users looking at the multicast data stream 28 through a data link layer multicast facility. The aforementioned notification configures the clients 1, 2 to use the data link layer multicast facility. The notification to the clients 1, 2 of the multicast data stream 28 is sent as a signaling message to all recipients of the same multicast data stream 28. Therefore, the clients 1, 2 monitor a media access control (MAC) address to receive their packets.
The clients' 1, 2 data link layer replaces the IP header from the multicast data stream 28 with the correct IP header for the clients' application. Data streams are received by the application exactly as it would have been without the multicast data stream 28. This involves replacing the destination address (and possibly the source address and the appropriate UDP port numbers) in the received IP header with the appropriate destination. This field must be saved from the setup message that signaled the switch to multicasting.
After identical data streams have been detected and multicast, a situation may arise where a client 2, who is part of such a multicast, may "change channels" by selecting a new data stream to access, either from a new or the same source/service. In the case of streaming content, this may be an on-line clip or an on-line audio. (This is the same as changing the play selection from the streaming source). Before the client 2 changes channels, the delivery looks like that shown in FIG. 2. Note that the asterisk top data stream 24 and the dashed bottom data stream 26 have identical checksums and so they are multicast into a single data stream 28.
Now, the client 2 of the asterisk top data stream 24 changes channels. This change in channel selection which causes the source 12 to stop sending the asterisk top data stream 24 and send the dotted data stream 48, as shown in FIG. 5. The router 16 detects the dotted data stream 48 as a new data stream and sends the dotted data stream 48 to the client 2. For a certain amount of time, the client 2 receives both the multicast data stream 28 (the asterisk data stream and the dashed data stream multicast) and the new dotted data stream 48. To avoid delivery of unwanted data to the client 2 which changed channels, a layer 2 signal is sent from the router 16 to the client 2 indicating that the client 2 should ignore the multicast as depicted in FIG. 5. Having the client 2 receive both the multicast data stream 28 and the dotted data stream 48 does not affect the aggregate bandwidth of the router 16 since the dashed data stream 26 is being sent anyway, i.e., client 1 is still accessing this data stream. If the asterisk data stream 24 is being used for the multicast stream 28, after client 2 changes selections, the router 16 needs to switch to the dashed data stream 26 as the source for the multicast. Thus, the router 16 must monitor each source stream for such a multicast configuration where one of the clients changes his channel selection. If after a certain interval the router 16 detects that no data stream is flowing from a source, the router 16 may delete the multicast delivery and return the delivery of the other data stream to the standard unicast mechanism.
An additional feature of this technique for multicasting is to always deliver the "best" quality data stream to the multicast clients 1, 2. Sending the "best" quality data stream could imply the lowest delay between packets, the lowest delay variation between packets, etc. All the streams that are combined into a single multicast data stream are buffered for a few packets and error rates and/or packet jitter are measured to determine which data stream has the "best" quality. When multiple identical data streams are being received and sent on as a multicast data stream by the router 16, some clients (e.g., client 1) will benefit by receiving data from the "best" data stream (i.e., the data stream accessed by client 2).
While the invention has been described in conjunction with a specific embodiment thereof, additional advantages and modifications will readily occur to those skilled in the art. The invention, in its broader aspects, is therefore not limited to the specific details, representative apparatus and illustrative examples shown and described. Various alterations, modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the foregoing description. Thus, it should be understood that the invention is not limited by the foregoing description, but embraces all such alterations, modifications and variations in accordance with the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
Patent Citations
Referenced by
Legal Events
Original Image


text:
Results 1 to 3 of 3
Thread: iRawrDinosaurx's Sketchbook
December 4th, 2012 #1
iRawrDinosaurx's SketchbookI'm currently a first year student in Games Design at University, my tutor said joining places like this can be very helpful in getting critique and basically just seeing your progress as you go along. If you stumble across this, please give me feedback, no matter how brutal, i really want to learn and get better :-) Thank you for your time!
- Similar Threads
- SketchBook: The Legendary, World-Class Sketchbook Extraordinaire {Username Change and Sketchbook}
- SketchBook: TD's better than his last crappy sketchbook sketchbook (warning: ocular necrosis)
- SketchBook: *MOD's please move to sketchbook section* Ulvdemon Sketchbook 030805
- Inkarnation's misplaced sketchbook(MODS:MOVE THIS TO SKETCHBOOK FORUM!!!)UPDATE 3/24
- SketchBook: Unknown Epiphany's Sketchbook/brand new sketchbook(Updated February 27th)
Last edited by irawrdinosaurx; December 4th, 2012 at 01:21 PM.
Hide this ad by registering as a member
The Following User Says Thank You to irawrdinosaurx For This Useful Post:
December 4th, 2012 #2
nice work. really like them. I reckon you're ready to try more challenging work. As i can see that you're quite capable doing work of this level. would really like to see some figure drawings, environments and maybe some objects. First impression is definitely a good one. well done. keep up the good work.
The Following User Says Thank You to ReedyProduction For This Useful Post:
December 6th, 2012 #3I'm not really happy with this, alot of things have gone wrong here, but i thought i'd put it up, to compare it to newer things and see if i've improved :-)
Enviroments are hard to do!
I like this one better though :-)
Last edited by irawrdinosaurx; December 6th, 2012 at 10:33 AM.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Learn more about Marimar Torres Don Miguel Vineyard Cristina Pinot Noir 2007:
Manufacturer: Marimar Torres
Mfg Part#: 111649B
Sku: 224088521
See more in Sonoma County
|This is a wine for aging, yet lovely to drink right now. The complex nose displays aromas of blackberries, plum preserves and sandalwood. The palate, broad and seamless, shows perfect balance between the attractive fruit and the elegant oak. The lively acidity carries the wine to the end and ensures the long aging potential of this magnificent wine.


text:
Thanks for redeeming.{{else}}
Success! Thanks for repurchasing.{{/if}} {{else}} {{#if Expired}}
Increase my visibility!{{else}} {{#if IsMultiPack}}
{{#if HasMultiPack}} You have {{MultiPackCount}} top spot(s) left. Now loading you into the search listings... {{else}} You have used all top spots. Now loading you into the search listings... {{/if}}{{else}}
We are loading you into the search listing pages...{{/if}} {{/if}} {{/if}} {{/if}}
{{Current}} just saw you!{{/if}} {{#if LastTopSpotPurchaseIsMulti }} {{#if HasAnyTopSpot}}
{{#if HasFreeTopSpot }} {{ UnclaimedTopSpotFree }} Free {{/if}} {{#if HasPaidTopSpot }} {{#if HasFreeTopSpot }} & {{/if}} {{ MultiPackCount }} {{/if}} Top Spot{{#if Plural}}s{{/if}} Left{{else}}
0 Top Spot{{#if Plural}}s{{/if}} Left{{/if}} {{else}} {{#if HasFreeTopSpot }}
{{ UnclaimedTopSpotFree }} Top Spot{{#if Plural}}s{{/if}} Left{{/if}} {{/if}} {{else}} {{#if HasResults}}
{{Current}} see you now!{{else}} {{/if}} {{/if}}
You can now invite anyone to meet at your favorite Starbucks.
Limited-time feature
51 year old man | Santa Clarita, CA, USA | Seeking women 30-44 within 20 miles
That nothing's so sacred as honor, And nothing so loyal as love!
Let me start by saying that I have never pretended to be someone that I?m not and I will not start here. So everything I put in this profile is the truth. Loyalty, honesty, and integrity are not just words, but principles I live my life by. I tend to be a non-conformist with a strong moral compass. I am a humble individual. I don?t brag about things that I have accomplished or have done. I quietly go about my business. I am also modest, so you will not see any pictures with my shirt off. I?m laid back and don?t take too much seriously. I tend to have a dry sense of humor and can be sarcastic at times. I believe in a healthy life style. I am in the gym four to five days a week. I not only do this for myself but my job also demands it. I am successful in my chosen profession. I believe that the All Mighty put me on this earth to do exactly what I?m doing. I touch many people?s lives in a positive way and some people in a not so positive way. The weekdays are consumed by my job, but the weekends will be ours. I?m open to just about anything, whether it be travelling or just staying at home. I can be spontaneous, so don?t be surprised if I show up at your door holding a red rose and say: ?Let?s get lost for the weekend.? I?m very supportive and will encourage you in any endeavor that you pursue. In other words, I?ll be your biggest fan and cheerleader. I was raised to treat women with respect. If you don?t like doors opened for you, your chair held for you, or being treat like a lady, then I?m not for you. Guess I should also add: If your profile does not have at least one picture, I will not respond. I figure if I can take the time to upload my goofy pictures, you can too (not saying your pictures are goofy, just mine).
Alumni connections , Camping , Coffee and conversation , Dining out , Movies/Videos , Music and concerts , Exploring new areas , Playing sports , Political interests , Shopping/Antiques , Travel/Sightseeing , Video games , Watching sports , Wine tasting
Auto racing / Motorcross, Billiards / Pool, Football, Running, Skiing, Swimming, Weights / Machines
I exercise 3-4 times per week.
I like Birds, Dogs, Exotic Pets, Fish, Horses
Have a German Shepherd and a Siberian Husky on weekends.
I lived in Europe for four years, so anywhere in Western Europe.State side; Tombstone, Az. Solvang, Ca.
California State University, Fresno, Fresno, CA
Watching sports and outdoor activities
Terror at Beslan, Lone Survivor, Service, American Sniper, Sharpening the Warrior's Edge, Killing Lincoln.
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
|What he is looking for
|5'8" (172cms)
|4'11" (149cms) to 5'11" (180cms)
|Body type:
|About average
|Slender, About average, Curvy, Athletic and toned
|Black, Blue, Brown, Grey, Green, Hazel
|Dark brown
|Auburn / Red, Black, Light brown, Dark brown, Blonde, Dark blonde
|Cigar aficionado
|No Way, Occasionally, Cigar aficionado, Yes, but trying to quit
|Social Drinker
|Never, Social Drinker, Regularly, Moderately
|I'll tell you later
|No preference
|$100,001 to $150,000
|Less Than $25,000, $25,001 to $35,000, $35,001 to $50,000, $50,001 to $75,000, $75,001 to $100,000, $100,001 to $150,000, $150,001+
|Never Married, Widow / Widower, Currently Separated, Divorced
|Have kids:
|Yes, and they sometimes live at home, No, Yes, and they live away from home, Yes, and they live at home
|Wants kids:
|Definitely, Someday
|Latino / Hispanic, White / Caucasian
|Latino / Hispanic, Middle Eastern, Native American, White / Caucasian
I'm half Mexican.
|Christian / Catholic
|Christian / Catholic, Christian / LDS, Spiritual but not religious, Christian / Other
|Bachelors degree
|High school, Some college, Associates degree, Bachelors degree, Graduate degree, PhD / Post Doctoral


text:
Strawberry Cream Layered Salad
23 May 2010
|Strawberry flavored gelatin
|3 Ounce (1 Package)
|Boiling water
|1⁄2 Cup (8 tbs)
|2 Medium
|Frozen sweetened strawberries
|10 Ounce, thawed (1 Package)
|Canned crushed pineapple
|8 Ounce, well drained (1 Can)
|Coarsely chopped walnuts
|1 Cup (16 tbs)
|Sour cream
|1 Cup (16 tbs)
|Lettuce leaves
Dissolve gelatin in boiling water.
Mash bananas and combine with thawed strawberries and their juice, pineapple, and nuts.
Add gelatin mixture.
Pour half the mixture into an 8-inch square baking dish; cover and chill until firm (about 1 1/2 hours).
Cover remaining gelatin mixture and let stand at room temperature.
When refrigerated portion is firm, spread evenly with sour cream.
Spoon remaining gelatin mixture evenly over cream layer.
Cover and chill until firm (at least 4 hours).
Arrange lettuce on 6 salad plates.
Cut salad into squares and place on lettuce.
Recipe Summary
Difficulty Level:Easy
Course:Side Dish, Fruit Dessert
Rate It
0 Comments
Strawberry Cream Layered Salad Recipe


text:
STAGE TUBE: Sneak Peek at Trans-Siberian Orchestra's 'Lost Christmas Eve Tour'
The Trans-Siberian Orchestra presents the Lost Christmas Eve Tour, coming to a city near you! Check out a sneak peek below!
For a full list of cities, including the European tour, visit: http://www.trans-siberian.com/home.php
When Paul O'Neill first conceived Trans-Siberian Orchestra, his goal was as straightforward as it was ambitious. "The whole idea," he explains, "was to create a progressive rock band that would push the boundaries further than any group before, following in the footsteps of Emerson, Lake & Palmer, Pink Floyd, the Who...but take it way, way further."
With more than 7 million albums sold TSO has inspired generations of fans to rediscover the multi-dimensional art form of the rock opera. On the road, meanwhile, they have become one of the world's top acts including a recent mention in Billboard magazine as one of the top touring artists of the past decade. With a $20 million-plus production that has played to over 7 million people in 80+ cities, selling more than $280 million worth of tickets.
O'Neill, a New York City native grew up "with a wide-ranging world of musical influences around me," particularly the previously mentioned rock 'n' roll titans. But O'Neill also soaked up sources such as Broadway musicals, Motown and singer-songwriters such as Jim Croce and Harry Chapin, while authors such as Oscar Wilde and Robert Graves fueled his literary tastes. He began his career playing guitar for touring productions of Jesus Christ Superstar and Hair, then went to work in the late 70's for Leber-Krebs Inc., the Manhattan management company whose clients included Aerosmith, Ted Nugent, AC/DC, Def Leppard, the Scorpions, the New York Dolls and scores of others. In the 80's, O'Neill became a major promoter in Japan as well, but returned to the States to start writing and producing full-time.
O'Neill helmed Aerosmith's CLASSICS LIVE I and CLASSICS LIVE II albums before beginning a fortuitous relationship with the band Savatage that led to conceptual pieces such as HALL OF THE MOUNTAIN KING, GUTTER BALLET, STREETS: A ROCK OPERA and DEAD WINTER DEAD. It also introduced him to Jon Oliva, Bob Kinkel and Al Pitrelli, as well as reconnecting him with legendary studio engineer Dave Wittman, who all became key original collaborators in O'Neill's grand vision - Trans-Siberian Orchestra.
"I wanted to take the very best of all the forms of music I grew up on and merge them into a new style," O'Neill says. "Basically I was building on the work of everybody I worshipped: the rock opera parts from bands like the Who; the marriage of classical and rock from bands like Emerson, Lake & Palmer and Queen; the over-the-top light show from bands like Pink Floyd...I always wanted to do a full rock opera with a full progressive band and at least 18 lead singers.
O'Neill took the idea to Atlantic Records which, to his surprise, went for it and financed the creation of Romanov which was initially to be TSO's first release. "We were very fortunate," he says. "It was one of the only labels left that still did an "old school" kind of artist development." My original concept was; "We were going to do six rock operas, a trilogy about Christmas and maybe one or two regular albums."
About Author
- STAGE TUBE: Watch Blooper Real from Season 4 of HBO's GAME OF THRONES!
- STAGE TUBE: Idina Menzel, Glom Gazingo Bury the Hatchet at Oscars
- STAGE TUBE: John Legend, Common Perform 'Glory' from SELMA at Oscars
- STAGE TUBE: Jennifer Hudson Pays Tribute to Those Lost with Shaiman, Wittman Song
- STAGE TUBE: Rita Ora Performs 'Grateful' from BEYOND THE LIGHTS at Oscars
- STAGE TUBE: Neil Patrick Harris Strips Down in Ode to BIRDMAN, WHIPLASH
- STAGE TUBE: Tim McGraw Pays Tribute to Glen Campbell with 'I'm Not Gonna Miss You' at Oscars
- STAGE TUBE: The Lonely Island, Tegan and Sara Perform 'Everything Is Awesome' at Oscars
- STAGE TUBE: Adam Levine, Maroon 5 Sing Nominated Song 'Lost Stars' from BEGIN AGAIN
- STAGE TUBE: New Clip from Upcoming Season of Fox's HELL'S KITCHEN!


text:
SF Giants Rumors: Buster Posey Arbitration Eligible, Giants Closing In On Japanese Infielder Kensuke Tanaka
Originally written on San Francisco Giants Baseball (SF Giants... | Last updated 1/9/13
Henry Schulman of the San Francisco Chronicle says (via Twitter) there's been no contract discussions between the San Francisco Giants and Buster Posey's agent. Posey is entering his first of four years of arbitration. Which means he's under the Giants control till the end of the 2016 season. He's going to start getting paid now that he's entering arbitration. I would say winning Rookie of the Year, and the MVP would be a good reason to get a nice pay increase! John Shea of the San Francisco Chronicle (via Twitter) hears that the Giants are closing in on signing second baseman Kensuke Tanaka to a minor league deal with a Spring Training invite. Tanaka hit .300 for Nippon Ham Fighters. Obviously, he's not coming in to compete with Marco Scutaro for the second base job, but the Giants could use him in a utility role. He would be in competition with Joaquin Arias. Don't forget to go to the SF Giants Rumors Facebook page to share your thoughts on Posey hitting arbitration for the fir...
Comments are closed.
What do you think?To leave a comment, you can:
All Sports News
Delivered to your inbox
You'll also receive Yardbarker's daily Top 10, featuring the best sports stories from around the web. Customize your newsletter to get articles on your favorite sports and teams. And the best part? It's free!
Follow us on Twitter
|Best of Yardbarker
|NFL News
|MLB News
Today's Best Stuff
For Bloggers
Join the Yardbarker Network for more promotion, traffic, and money.
Company Info
What is Yardbarker?
Yardbarker is the largest network of sports blogs and pro athlete blogs on the web. This site is the hub of the Yardbarker Network, where our editors and algorithms curate the best sports content from our network and beyond.
|© 2015 Yardbarker, Inc. All rights reserved. Use of this website (including any and all parts and components) constitutes your acceptance of these Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. (What's New?)


text:
Matthew HPhotographer Male Buena Park, California, US My MM URL: http://www.modelmayhem.com/matthewh
Mayhem # 429152
About Me
How I got started:
My close friend was shot due to a scuffle at a drive thru which resulted in the ending of his life. Leading up to the funeral his family asked everyone to dig out photos of him to contribute to the photo poster they were making and presenting at the funeral. I was the only one who didn't have any photos to contribute, none. Life is too short. While here I'd like to capture moments in time that I can share, not of myself, but of others, friends, family, ect. Which is why I started. My love for photography grew and grew and now I cant stop. Its a creative release for me.
I'd like to work with:
Anyone whos openminded and honest. Models and non-models alike. Anyone with a little bit of attitude who thinks they just might be able to bring it on camera. No experience is necessary.
I want to shoot: +Beautiful Faces +Unique Styles +Pros and Amateurs +Badasses +The Girl Next Door ect.
Feel free to contact me to set something up.
NOTE: If I have not worked with you before, I will ask to meet with you ahead of time unless you are signed with an agency.
No meet, No shoot. Its that simple.
Kristie N.(non-mm)
Isabel (non-mm)
Kylani (non-mm)
Lathy N.(non-mm)
Robert R.(non-mm)
Tiffany (non-mm)
Tara S.(mm#453785)
Tish F.(non-mm)
Jennifer C.(non-mm)
Rochelle S.(non-mm)
Jessica H. (non-mm)
Lina N. (non-mm)
Marissa R. (mm#754602)
More to come...
**I do not recommend mm #2502919 (theft)**
Loading Content


text:
Mystery Marmalade
25 Dec 2010
|Finely chopped cucumbers
|2 Cup (32 tbs)
|4 Cup (64 tbs)
|Lime juice
|1⁄2 Cup (8 tbs)
|Grated lime peel
|2 Tablespoon
|Green food coloring
|3 Drop (Few Drops)
|Fruit pectin
|1⁄2 Cup (8 tbs)
Place the cucumbers in a large saucepan, then add the sugar, lime juice and peel.
Mix well.
Place over high heat and add food coloring.
Bring to a rolling boil and boil for exactly 1 minute, stirring constantly.
Remove from heat and stir in pectin immediately.
Skim off foam.
Cool for 5 minutes, stirring and skimming.
Ladle quickly into sterilized glasses and cover with 1/4 inch hot paraffin.
Rate It
0 Comments
Mystery Marmalade Recipe


text:
Vine glosses over Android with new Embeds for web
Android users were given another reminder about an app that they cannot use. That app is Vine and the reminder came along with news of web embeds and an update to the iOS app. Vine originally launched back in January. That initial launch was clearly intended for iOS, however some hints of an Android app arrived about a month later by way of a Vine job posting.


text:
Then, in a sudden turn on Aug. 23, gold dropped for the first time in seven sessions in New York as some investors sold the coveted precious metal. On the morning of Aug. 23, gold was back down around $1,800 per ounce. Silver gained luster, up 2 percent at $43.34 per ounce.
According to Bloomberg News, gold has been up about 16 percent in August, and the precious metal is headed for its best monthly performance since September 1999.
"Gold's climb past $1,900 has pleasantly surprised most of us in the market," said Ed Martin, CEO of Hunter Wise Commodities, a precious metal wholesale dealer firm in Las Vegas. "We're not surprised to see gold dropping a bit as investors go bank some of their profits. Even though gold has slightly fallen, we strongly believe this is a great time to buy gold and other precious metals."
Bloomberg News reports that gold is in its 11th year of a bull market, identified by steadily rising prices. This is the longest winning streak for the precious metal since 1920 in London.
"Why is gold performing so well? Because of the perfect storm of slow manufacturing growth, falling home sales, and seemingly endless debt in the United States and Europe," explained Martin. "Investors want to diversify their holdings away from equities and some currencies."
Martin added that bullion has reached all-time highs in currencies across the globe, whether measured in Euros, British pounds, Swiss francs or dollars.
Hunter Wise Commodities believes that while the forecast for gold is very bullish, people should consider entering the market as gold and silver independent dealers.
The Las Vegas-based physical commodity wholesale dealer has opportunities for independent dealers who are already involved in the commodities industry, as well as support for those new to the investing industry who want to become gold or silver independent dealers.
Hunter Wise operates with a strategically designed business model which provides its independent dealers with opportunities for multiple revenue-sharing and profit centers.
Profit potential is further enhanced by the fact that independent dealers are provided with the means to "short" the market.
Additional information about breaking into the precious metal market with Hunter Wise Commodities'
# # #
About Hunter Wise Commodities
Hunter Wise Commodities, LLC is an affiliate of Hunter Wise Financial Group, LLC. The wholesale dealer specializes in the purchase and sale of precious metals such as gold, silver, platinum, palladium and copper. The company's corporate headquarters are in Las Vegas, Nev., with additional offices in Irvine, Calif., and London, England. For more information about the company, visit http://www.hwcom.com/


text: Mark Cuban Won't Deal Dirk Nowitzki or Quit on Mavericks From HoopsWorld.com Jan 13, 2013 Share Tweet Next ARTICLE » Use your ← → (arrow) keys to browse more stories Kevin Jairaj-USA TODAY Sports 152 Reads 1 Comment Mark Cuban does not like to lose. But he doesn't like to quit, either. Continue Reading on HoopsWorld.com »


text:
Owen is an Engineering News-Record award winning design firm.
Providing the highest level of building, parking and infrastructure design services, Owen provides comprehensive services in a
unique, single-source setting.
Featured Project: Embassy Suites Hotel, Glendale, CA
Our design methodology is supported by a foundation of energy efficient, sustainable, and workable designs.
We provide a comprehensive array of energy efficient services including commissioning, solar photovoltaic system
design, LEED certification, and energy management systems.
Featured Project: Mesa College Parking Structure with Photovoltaic Solar Pannels, San Diego, CA
Recently ranked one of Engineering News-Record's "Top 100 Construction Management Firms," our team of experts
specialize in all facets of funding, design management, project and construction management, and project quality management.
Featured Project: Kaiser Permanente, Baldwin Park, CA
Owen Technology is a leading new technology provider in the A/E/C Industry. Our technology company has three divisions:
»Building Information Modeling (BIM)/Revit
»Owen Technology's flagship software - ePlanSoft™
»Microsoft SharePoint
See our featured projects.More »
Follow us on Twitter and Linkedin.
OCTA selected the Owen Group as one of AE firms for On-call AE Design and Support Services for Facility Modifications. More »


text:
Cowhide Throw and Pillow
Availability: In stock
From: $32.95
To: $49.95
Product DetailSoft 50" x 70" throw and matching 22" x 22" pillow have a classic "Old Paint" pattern that coordinates perfectly with your western home decor. Imported.
Product Reviews
2 Item(s)
02/26/2015By Joy
I was really surprised at how soft these pillows and the throw was. They look fabulous in my Montana Home! They add that little touch of elegant cowboy interior design, subtle but still adding the feeling of the Old West.
01/29/2015By cowboy
wonderful product...pillow is great and throw blanket is comfortable and warm...I get a lot of compliments..
2 Item(s)


text:
ECE Student Life was set up under the Office of the Deputy Head for Undergraduate Programmes and Student Life in 2012 with the objective of providing a rich and holistic experience for ECE students beyond the classroom learning experience. The goal is to transform ECE students into mature, well-informed and confident all-rounders to thrive in the working world after graduation.
To this end, ECE Student Life has been organizing various social events and leveraging on social media (specifically, Facebook) to promote greater interaction and engagement between students and ECE faculty. In addition, ECE Student Life works closely with industry partners, alumni and the NUS Centre for Future-Ready Graduates to create more industry exposure and internship opportunities for ECE students. Industry visits and talks, alumni and internship sharing sessions, and an enhanced industrial attachment fair are some of the events that ECE Student Life has organized. More recently, an Undergraduate Student Council was established to assist ECE Student Life in its mission.
The ECE Undergraduate Student Council (USC) was set up under ECE Student Life in 2014. The USC primarily comprises of year 1 to year 4 EE and CEG cohort representatives, ECE scholars, and the presidents of three student clubs, namely, the ECE Club, IEEE NUS Student Branch and IEEE HKN NUS Chapter. The USC Executive Committee comprises of the USC president and vice-president, secretary and treasurer. Guiding the USC are four staff advisors, namely, A/Prof Marc Armand, A/Prof Prahlad Vadakkepat, Dr Qiu Cheng Wei, and Ms Nicole Phua.
One of the objectives of the USC is to serve as the voice for the undergraduate student body to make a difference in their University experience. They will work closely with the Department's management to address student concerns, opinions and suggestions as well as be involved in some of the Department's decision making processes.
Another objective of the USC is to provide a rich and holistic experience for ECE students through a wide range of activities. The USC will bring the presidents of the three student clubs together to work collaboratively and synergistically, and will provide checks and balances as needed. The USC will also engage ECE students in engineering-focused community projects. Through these activities, students get a chance to apply what they have learned in the classroom to develop ECE solutions to real-life problems, and are reminded not to forget others who may be less fortunate than them in one way or another. These activities will also help create greater awareness about ECE technologies and hopefully attract future generations of students to study ECE. In addition, Student Life activities previously organized by the Department such as the Freshmen Party, will be organized by the USC in future with the aim of making these activities more consistent with the interests and aspirations shared by the student body.
Given the challenging demands of the EE and CEG programmes and the possible distractions and difficulties that students might encounter along the way, it is not uncommon to see students stumbling and falling along the way. Hence, another objective of the USC is to provide an extra safety net for ECE students with its team of student counsellors who will be trained to identify and understand at-risk behaviours, listen actively, and so on.
The inaugural USC Initiation Ceremony took place on 19 September 2014 at the Engineering Auditorium. It was a proud moment for a very special group of students, as they stepped forward to take up their roles in the USC as student leaders, to serve the student body. The USC President, Alexander Toh, led his fellow council members to recite the USC Oath, marking their formal entrance into the NUS ECE community.
USC members will be groomed to be effective student leaders through a Student Leadership Programme comprising workshops on leadership, and a shadowing programme which gives them the opportunity to spend a day in the life of a leader in the industry.
One such workshop, entitled "Effective Communication Skills for Student Leaders", allows them to discover their personal communications strength and barriers with an advanced profiling tool. USC members aim to master ways to get their message across to the team they are managing with ease and effectiveness. They learn how to pre-empt the key areas of conflicts and misunderstandings so that they can side-step them ahead of time.
An Alumni Sharing Session was organized by the ECE Club and supported by the department. This event was held in the evening of 20 March 2013. 6 distinguished alumni from different industries were invited to share their personal insights into their industries and give practical advice on student's career development.
Student Life Sharing Sessions, organized by the ECE Student Life office, gave students an overview of the range of readily available services within the University (e.g. counselling and psychological services, career advising). In particular, one of these sessions was on "Be what you are: Discover your career path through the secrets of personality type". It reinforced that work will be satisfying if it interests one and allows one to do the things one enjoy. Even though work can be interesting and enjoyable for one, it may not be suitable for another due to people's differing personalities.
Internship Sharing Sessions were organized by the ECE Student Life office. The first event was held in the afternoon of 18 October 2013. 9 ECE students who have interned at different industries were invited to share their valuable working experiences in these industries and encourage the juniors to start planning for their career as early as possible.
The first PhD Sharing Session was organized by the ECE Student Life office and took place on 12 September 2014. The Deputy Head of Research & Graduate Programmes, Prof Lim Teng Joon, kicked off the event with a talk on the value of a PhD, following which was a sharing session by several PhD students who shared their thoughts on the same and what they do on a daily basis in their journey to discovery. The event gave our senior undergraduate students the opportunity to explore their suitability for an academic/research career and discover how a PhD can catapult them ahead in such a career.
A Movie Night was organized to welcome the students back to the new semester in AY2012/2013 sem 2. This was held on 6 Feb 2013 at Shaw Foundation Alumni House. Our students interacted with one another, chill-out and relax over superb dinner before the computer-animated fantasy comedy film, Brave, was showed in the theatre.
Each year from 2012 to 2014, the Department held a Freshmen Party for ECE freshmen at Town Green, University Town. The aim of the ECE Freshmen Party is to promote interaction between ECE faculty and students by providing the opportunity for our freshmen to be introduced to their academic advisors in an informal setting. The evening at the party has always been enjoyable, thanks to an eventful programme packed with games and musical performances put up by students and ECE professors. Moreover, everyone is treated to a sumptuous dinner with wonderful treats. Many just had loads of fun mingling and making new friends.
The ECE Year End Party 2014 was held on 8 May 2014 at Kent Ridge Guild House. This event was specially organized by ECE Student Life to celebrate the hard work that ECE undergraduates and academic staff members had put in this academic year. At the same time, this would be a meaningful farewell occasion for the graduating students. It was a wonderful time for the students to mix and mingle with their fellow course mates and faculty members.
A Student Life Corner is created to provide a conducive environment for students to work and interact. It also aims to provide a social gathering point for students and staffs to strengthen the relationships between student and faculty and amongst students. It will serve to catalyze social interaction, serendipitous meetings and impromptu conversations. Students are welcome to utilize this conducive space for interaction and work at any time.
A few seniors set up a Facebook Cohort Group to help freshmen ease into University lives quickly and smoothly. These seniors, who are also the administrators of the Facebook Cohort Group, will act as resource people whom freshmen can approach for valuable and useful pieces of advice. This platform provides great opportunity for freshmen to form new friendships with seniors and peers. This Facebook Cohort Group system has been running for 2 consecutive years already.
For 2014/15 intake, you can join the group here.
For 2013/14 intake, you can join here.
For 2012/13 intake, you can join here.
The first Enhanced Industrial Attachment (eIA) Fair was held on 5 September 2014. The eIA programme is a new and exciting programme which students can embark on in Sem 2 of their third year of study. In this programme, they will work as an intern in a company for six months, with the possibility of extension by another six months, during which the work that they do will constitute a Final Year Project (FYP). During the period of extension, students will, in addition, be permitted to return to campus one day a week to read some modules. The first eIA Fair showcased 7 electronics MNCs and offered ECE students the opportunity to explore and discover internship opportunities that are right for them.
Several industrial visits and tours were organized by the Student Life section of the department. In the past two years, students visited Continental Automotive Singapore Pte.Ltd, Exxon Mobil Plant Tour, Singapore Semiconductor Industry Association (SSIA) Industry Site Visit and Schneider Electric. Students were able to catch a rare glimpse of the work at these companies. It was indeed an opportunity for the students to find out more about the company.
Several talks were organized by the Student Life section of the department. Talks with these companies, such as DSO National Laboratories, Inphi Corporation, Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company Limited, Institute for Infocomm Research- A*Star, Open Compute Project for Facebook, FMC Technologies, Schneider Electric, SEMI South East Asia, SIA Engineering Company and ST Electronics (Satellite system), occurred though out the academic year. This gave the students a chance to know more about these companies and the work lives in there. Students were encouraged to interact with the employees of these companies before applying for positions offered by them.


text:
from The Open University
Alternatively you can skip the navigation by pressing 'Enter'.
Health, Sports & Psychology menu item
Childhood & Youth
Education menu item
History & The Arts menu item
Languages menu item
Money & Management menu item
Nature & Environment menu item
The Environment
Science, Maths & Technology menu item
Engineering and Technology
People, Politics & Law menu item
TV, Radio & Events menu item
Coming up
We haven't got any programmes coming up in the next 7 days, but you can check out the previous programmes we've produced.
Get Started menu item
Welcome to OpenLearn
Get the most out of OpenLearn - Sign in
OpenLearn is the home of free learning from the UK's largest university, The Open University. We have over 800 free courses available for you to study right now. More about this site
Inspire me
Is there a problem with OpenLearn? OpenLearn status updatesWe hope OpenLearn works normally, around the clock, through the year. If we know something's... Read more: Is there a problem with OpenLearn? OpenLearn status updates
Free courses
An introduction to Open Educational Resources (OER)In this free course, An introduction to Open Educational Resources (OER), you will look at some... Try: An introduction to Open Educational Resources (OER) now
Become an OU student
Learning to learnTry our free course and get the most out of all our free courses Try: Learning to learn now
Completing the project
This unit will examine the particular issues that arise in bringing a project to a...
This unit will examine the particular issues that arise in bringing a project to a close, and ways of evaluating a project on its completion. The key components of project closure will be identified and discussed and their importance in ensuring that the aims and objectives of a project have been successfully attained will be explored. After studying this unit, you will be able to plan an effective project closure.
At the end of this unit you should be able to:
- explain the key components of project closure and their importance;
- plan an effective project closure;
- ensure that the project activities have been completed;
- be alert to problems that may need to be resolved at the closure stage;
- contribute to evaluating a project;
- plan personal development to improve your performance in managing projects.
- Duration 8 hours
- Updated Monday 11th July 2011
- Masters level
- Posted under Business Studies
- Current section: Introduction
- Learning outcomes
- 1 Handover and delivery
- 2 Completing the project
- 3 Evaluating at different stages of the project
- 3.1 Evaluation while developing the vision
- 3.2 Evaluation during the planning stage
- 3.3 Evaluation during implementation of a project
- 3.4 Evaluation at the end of a project
- 3.5 Designing a formal evaluation
- 3.6 Collecting and interpreting data
- 3.7 Analysing and reporting the results
- 3.8 Following up the report
- 4 Self-development from a project
- 5 Summary
- References
- Acknowledgements
Study this free course
Enrol to access the full course, get recognition for the skills you learn, track your progress and on completion gain a statement of participation to demonstrate your learning to others. Make your learning visible!
Completing the project
In this unit, we explore some aspects of bringing a complex project to completion. There are a number of things to consider in the final stages of a project. It is very important to ensure that the goals of the project have been achieved, and that all the outcomes and deliverables have been handed over to the sponsor (or that any discrepancies have been addressed). Handover can involve different types of presentation for different types of outcome. There may be a physical object to handover, but other outcomes might include, for example, training to enable staff to use new technology or processes. The way the outcomes are delivered will also vary according to the type of project. In any case, there will need to be agreed processes for resolving any difficulties encountered at the point at which control and responsibility are handed over to the owners of the project.
Completion of a project is often followed by an evaluation (although evaluations can also take place during the life of a project).
We shall consider how different types of evaluation can contribute to managing a project. Evaluation can be expensive, but there are a number of ways in which it can be focused and planned so as to avoid unnecessary expense. Evaluation enables us to learn from studying what has happened, and we conclude this unit by looking at ways in which you can plan for personal development so as better to manage future projects.
This material is from our archive and is an adapted extract from Fundamentals of Senior Management (B713) which is no longer taught by The Open University. If you want to study formally with us, you may wish to explore other courses we offer in this subject area [Tip: hold Ctrl and click a link to open it in a new tab. (Hide tip)] .
Archive content
This is an extract from an Open University course which is no longer available to new students. If you found this interesting you could explore more free Business Studies courses or view the range of currently available OU Business Studies courses.
Copyright & revisions
Publication details
Originally published: Monday, 11th July 2011
Copyright information
- Creative-Commons: The Open University is proud to release this free course under a Creative Commons licence. However, any third-party materials featured within it are used with permission and are not ours to give away. These materials are not subject to the Creative Commons licence. See terms and conditions. Full details can be found in the Acknowledgements section.
- This site has Copy Reuse Tracking enabled - see our FAQs for more information.
If you enjoyed this, why not follow a feed to find out when we have new things like it? Choose an RSS feed from the list below. (Don't know what to do with RSS feeds?)
Remember, you can also make your own, personal feed by combining tags from around OpenLearn.
Alternative formats
Tags, Ratings and Social Bookmarking
Page Tags
Sign in or create a free account to add tags to your OpenLearn profile
About this site
OpenLearn: free learning from The Open University


text:
Compositions for/methods of reducing plaque and gingivitis with reduced staining.
1. An oral, bi-phasic, dual-formulation dentifrice or toothpaste composition effective in treating plaque/gingivitis with reduced staining having a first dentifrice or toothpaste composition comprising:
(a) a safe and effective amount of stannous fluoride;
(b) a safe and effective amount of stannous gluconate; and
(c) a pharmaceutically acceptable dentifrice or toothpaste carrier wherein the pH of said composition is from about 3.0 to about 5.0 and said composition is substantially free of both a citric ion source as well as a calcium ion source;
and a second dentifrice or toothpaste composition comprising:
(a) a safe and effective amount of a citrate ion source; and
(b) a pharmaceutically acceptable dentifrice or toothpaste carrier which is substantially free of stannous fluoride and stannous gluconate.
2. An oral first composition according to claim 1 wherein the amount of stannous fluoride is from about 0.05% to about 1.1%.
3. An oral first composition according to claim 2 wherein the amount of stannous gluconate is from about 0.1% to about 11%.
4. An oral composition according to claim 3 wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable first or second carrier for the stannous and citrate compositions is a toothpaste.
5. An oral composition according to claim 4 wherein the toothpastes also contain a silica dental abrasive.
6. A stannous oral first composition according to claim 5, which also contains another stannous salt.
7. A method of reducing plaque and gingivitis by applying to the oral cavity a safe and effective amount of a stannous composition according to claim 1 followed by a safe and effective amount of the citrate composition wherein both the stannous and citrate compositions are toothpastes.
The present invention relates to compositions for/methods of reducing plaque and gingivitis while at the same time not incurring significant staining.
Plaque is recognized as a precursor of such oral diseases as caries and gingivitis. The gums of the mouth of humans and lower animals may be harmed by deposits of dental plaque, a combination of minerals and bacteria found in the mouth. The bacteria associated with plaque can secrete enzymes and endotoxins which can irritate the gums and cause an inflammatory gingivitis. As the gums become increasingly irritated by this process they have a tendency to bleed, lose their toughness and resiliency, and separate from the teeth, leaving periodontal pockets in which debris, secretions, more bacteria and toxins further accumulate. It is also possible for food to accumulate in these pockets, thereby providing nourishment for increased growth of bacteria and production of endotoxins and destructive enzymes. This can result in destruction of bone and gum tissue.
With such problems being possible from plaque/gingivitis it is not surprising that extensive efforts have been expended in trying to find effective treatment compositions. Many of these efforts have used quaternary ammonium compounds or bis-biquanides such as chlorhexidine which is used in Peridex� sold by The Procter & Gamble Company.
Another material which has been considered is stannous ion. Such a material is disclosed in Svatun B., "Plaque Inhibiting Effect of Dentifrices Containing Stannous Fluoride", Acta Odontol. Scand., 36, 205-210 (1978); and Bay I., and Rolla, G., "Plaque Inhibition and Improved Gingival Condition By Use of a Stannous Fluoride Toothpaste", Scand. J. Dent. Res., 88, 313-315 (1980).
In spite of the many disclosures in the antiplaque/antigingivitis area, the need for improved products still exists. In U.S. Pat. No. 5,004,597, Apr. 2, 1991, to Majeti et al., oral compositions are described containing stannous fluoride stabilized with stannous gluconate. These compositions provide excellent antiplaque and antigingivitis benefits. However the compositions do cause some staining of enamel surfaces.
The present inventor has discovered that the staining can be reduced by the use of a composition containing citrate ions with the stannous ion formulation.
It is an object of the present invention therefore to provide compositions which deliver an improved antiplaque/antigingivitis benefit with reduced staining.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide improved products utilizing stannous fluoride and stannous gluconate in one composition and citrate ions in another.
It is still a further object of the present invention to provide an effective method for treating plaque/gingivitis with the above described compositions.
These and other objects will become clearer from the detailed description which follows.
All percentages and ratios used herein are by weight of the total compositions unless otherwise specified. Additionally, all measurements are made at 25� C. in the composition or in an aqueous solution/dispersion unless otherwise specified.
The present invention embraces oral compositions comprising in one composition:
a) a safe and effective amount of stannous fluoride; and
b) a safe and effective amount of stannous gluconate;
c) a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier wherein said composition has a pH of from about 3.0 to about 5.0 and is substantially free of calcium in sources. By "substantially free" is meant less than about 2%; and comprising in a second composition:
a) a safe and effective amount of a citrate ion source; and
b) a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
The present invention also encompasses a method for retarding the development of plaque/gingivitis using these compositions.
The stannous compositions of the present invention comprise stannous fluoride and stannous gluconate and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The citrate compositions comprise citrate ions and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
By "oral composition" as used herein means a product which in the ordinary course of usage is not intentionally swallowed for purposes of systemic administration of particular therapeutic agents, but is rather retained in the oral cavity for a time sufficient to contact substantially all of the dental surfaces and/or oral tissues for purposes of oral activity.
By "safe and effective amount" as used herein means sufficient amount of material to provide the desired benefit while being safe to the hard and soft tissues of the oral cavity.
By the term "comprising", as used herein, is meant that various additional components can be conjointly employed in the compositions of this invention as long as the listed materials perform their intended functions.
By the term "carrier", as used herein, is meant a suitable vehicle which is pharmaceutically acceptable and can be used to apply the present compositions in the oral cavity.
Stannous fluoride is the first essential component of stannous compositions. This material is a staple item of commerce and is present in the stannous composition at a level of from about 0.05% to about 1.1%, preferably from about 0.4% to about 0.95%. It should be recognized that separate soluble stannous and fluoride salts may be used to form stannous fluoride in-situ as well as adding the salt directly. Suitable salts for forming stannous fluoride in-situ include stannous chloride and sodium fluoride among many others.
Stannous gluconate is the second of the essential components of the present stannous compositions. This material is a known stannous chelate and may be provided to the present compositions as the chelate or as separate soluble stannous and gluconate salts and the chelate formed in-situ such as with stannous fluoride. Such salts include stannous chloride and sodium gluconate. Stannous gluconate is present in the present compositions at a level of from about 0.1% to about 11%, preferably from about 2% to about 4%.
The carrier for the stannous components as well as the citrate component described herein below can be any vehicle suitable for use in the oral cavity. Such carriers include the usual components of mouthwashes, toothpastes, tooth powders, prophylaxis pastes, lozenges, gums and the like and are more fully described hereinafter. Dentifrices and mouthwashes are the preferred systems.
The abrasive polishing material contemplated for use in the present invention can be any material which does not excessively abrade dentin and does not provide calcium ions which may precipitate with, for example, the fluoride ions provided from stannous fluoride. These include, for example, silicas including gels and precipitates, insoluble sodium polymetaphosphate, β-phase calcium citrate, hydrated alumina, and resinous abrasive materials such as particulate condensation products of urea and formaldehyde, and others such as disclosed by Cooley et al. in U.S. Pat. No. 3,070,510, Dec. 25, 1962, incorporated herein by reference. Mixtures of abrasives may also be used. Abrasives such as calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate and regular calcium citrate are not preferred for use in the present compositions since they provide calcium ions which can complex with fluoride ions. However if the calcium ion is controlled such calcium salts may be entirely suitable for use.
Silica dental abrasives, of various types, can provide the unique benefits of exceptional dental cleaning and polishing performance without unduly abrading tooth enamel or dentin. Silica abrasive materials are also exceptionally compatible with sources of soluble fluoride. For these reasons they are preferred for use herein.
The silica abrasive polishing materials useful herein, as well as the other abrasives, generally have an average particle size ranging between about 0.1 and 30 microns, preferably 5 and 15 microns. The silica abrasive can be precipitated silica or silica gels such as the silica xerogels described in Pader et al., U.S. Pat. No. 3,538,230, issued Mar. 2, 1970 and DiGiulio, U.S. Pat. No. 3,862,307, Jun. 21, 1975, both incorporated herein by reference. Preferred are the silica xerogels marketed under the tradename "Syloid" by the W. R. Grace & Company, Davison Chemical Division. Preferred precipitated silica materials include those marketed by the J. M. Huber Corporation under the tradename, "Zeodent", particularly the silica carrying the designation "Zeodent 119". These silica abrasives are described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,340,583, Jul. 29, 1982, incorporated herein by reference.
The abrasive in the compositions described herein is present at a level of from about 6% to about 70%, preferably from about 15% to about 25% when the dentifrice is a toothpaste. Higher levels, as high as 95%, may be used if the composition is a toothpowder.
Flavoring agents can also be added to dentifrice compositions. Suitable flavoring agents include oil of wintergreen, oil of peppermint, oil of spearmint, oil of sassafras, and oil of clove. Sweetening agents which can be used include aspartame, acesulfame, saccharin, dextrose, levulose and sodium cyclamate. Flavoring and sweetening agents are generally used in dentifrices at levels of from about 0.005% to about 2% by weight.
Dentifrice compositions can also contain emulsifying agents. Suitable emulsifying agents are those which are reasonably stable and foam throughout a wide pH range, including non-soap anionic, nonionic, cationic, zwitterionic and amphoteric organic synthetic detergents. Many of these suitable surfactants are disclosed by Gieske et al. in U.S. Pat. No. 4,051,234, Sep. 27, 1977, incorporated herein by reference.
It is common to have an additional water-soluble fluoride compound present in dentifrices and other oral compositions in an amount sufficient to give a fluoride ion concentration in the composition at 25� C. and/or when it is used of from about 0.0025% to about 5.0% by weight, preferably from about 0.005% to about 2.0% by weight, to provide additional anticaries effectiveness. Preferred fluorides are sodium fluoride, indium fluoride, and sodium monofluorophosphate in addition to the stannous fluoride. Norris et al., U.S. Pat. No. 2,946,735, issued Jul. 26, 1960 and Widder et al., U.S. Pat. No. 3,678,154, issued Jul. 18, 1972 disclose such salts as well as others. Both patents are incorporated herein by reference.
Water is also present in the toothpastes of this invention. Water employed in the preparation of commercially suitable toothpastes should preferably be deionized and free of organic impurities. Water generally comprises from about 10% to 50%, preferably from about 20% to 40%, by weight of the toothpaste compositions herein. These amounts of water include the free water which is added plus that which is introduced with other materials such as with sorbitol.
In preparing toothpastes, it is necessary to add some thickening material to provide a desirable consistency. Preferred thickening agents are carboxyvinyl polymers, carrageenan, hydroxyethyl cellulose and water soluble salts of cellulose ethers such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose. Natural gums such as gum karaya, gum arabic, and gum tragacanth can also be used. Colloidal magnesium aluminum silicate or finely divided silica can be used as part of the thickening agent to further improve texture. Thickening agents in an amount from 0.5% to 5.0% by weight of the total composition can be used.
It is also desirable to include some humectant material in a toothpaste to keep it from hardening. Suitable humectants include glycerin, sorbitol, and other edible polyhydric alcohols at a total level of from about 15% to about 70%.
Also desirable for inclusion in the toothpastes of the present invention are other stannous salts such as stannous citrate and antimicrobials such as quaternary ammonium salts, bis-biquanide salts, nonionic antimicrobial salts and flavor oils. Such agents are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 2,946,735, Jul. 26, 1960, to Norris et al. and U.S. Pat. No. 4,051,234, Sep. 27, 1977 to Gieske et al., incorporated herein by reference. Noncationic agents are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,894,220, Jan. 16, 1990, to Nabi et al., incorporated herein by reference. These agents, if present, are included at levels of from about 0.01% to about 1.5%.
Another preferred embodiment of the present invention is a mouthwash composition. Conventional mouthwash composition components can comprise the carrier for the actives of the present invention. Mouthwashes generally comprise from about 20:1 to about 2:1 of a water/ethyl alcohol solution and preferably other ingredients such as flavor, sweeteners, humectants and sudsing agents such as those mentioned above for dentifrices. The humectants, such as glycerin and sorbitol give a moist feel to the mouth. Generally, on a weight basis the mouthwashes of the invention comprise 5% to 60% (preferably 18% to 25%) ethyl alcohol, 0% to 20% (preferably 5% to 20%) of a humectant, 0% to 2% (preferably 0.01% to 0.15%) emulsifying agent, 0% to 0.5% (preferably 0.005% to 0.06%) sweetening agent such as saccharin, 0% to 0.3% (preferably 0.03% to 0.3%) flavoring agent, and the balance water. The amount of stannous components in mouthwashes is typically from about 0.01% to about 1.5 % by weight.
Suitable lozenge and chewing gum components are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,083,955, Apr. 11, 1978 to Grabenstetter et al., incorporated herein by reference. The pH of the present compositions and/or its pH in the mouth can be any pH which is safe for the mouth's hard and soft tissues and will provide optimal effect of the stannous gluconate. Such pH's are from about 3.0 to about 5.0, preferably from about 4.0 to about 5.0, most preferably about 4.5.
The second composition of the present invention is a composition containing/capable of providing an effective amount of citrate ions. The citrate ion found can either be citric acid or any of the readily water soluble citrate salts. Such salts include any of the alkali metal salts such as sodium, potassium and lithium and also including ammonium.
The stannous and citrate compositions are placed into separate containers if they are liquid or pastes. If a lozenge or a gum, they may not need separate containers but would in most instances be wrapped separately. Irrespective of the product form, they may be packaged as part of a kit.
The amount of citrate ions is any effective amount generally from about 0.1% to about 15%, preferably from about 1% to about 10%, most preferably from about 2.5% to about 7.5%.
As is indicated above, the citrate compositions can comprise other components such as those described above for the stannous compositions.
The carrier compositions of the present invention can be made using methods which are common in the oral products area. A specific method of manufacture is set forth in the Examples.
The present invention in its method aspect involves applying to the oral cavity safe and effective amounts of the compositions described herein. These amounts (e.g. from about 0.3 to about 15 g), if it is a toothpaste or mouthwash, are kept in the mouth for from about 15 to about 60 seconds.
The compositions can be used in any order but it is preferable that the stannous composition be used first.
The following examples further describe and demonstrate preferred embodiments within the scope of the present invention. The examples are given solely for illustration and are not to be construed as limitations of this invention as many variations thereof are possible without departing from the spirit and scope thereof.
The following dentifrice compositions are representative of the stannous compositions:
______________________________________ Weight %Component I II III IV______________________________________Water 12.500 12.500 12.500 12.500Sorbitol 47.891 45.727 43.437 41.328(70% Solution)Glycerin 10.198 10.198 10.198 10.000Titanium Dioxide 0.525 0.525 0.525 0.525Silica 20.000 20.000 20.000 20.000Na Carboxymethyl 1.050 1.050 1.050 1.000CelluloseNa Carrageenan -- -- -- 0.350Magnesium Alumina 0.408 0.408 0.408 --SilicateHydroxyethyl -- -- -- --CelluloseNa Alkyl Sulfate 4.000 4.000 4.000 4.000(27.9% Solution)Na Gluconate 0.632 2.395 4.790 5.514Stannous Fluoride 0.454 0.454 0.454 0.454Stannous Chloride -- 1.141 1.141 2.198DihydrateStannous 1.040 -- -- --PyrophosphateNa Saccharin 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.230Flavor 0.851 0.851 0.851 1.000FD&C Blue #1 0.051 0.051 0.051 0.051(1% Solution)Na Hydroxide 0.200 0.500 0.395 0.850(50% Solution)pH 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5______________________________________
The following are additional stannous dentifrice compositions representative of the present invention.
______________________________________ Weight %Component V VI VII VIII______________________________________Water 12.500 16.500 12.500 12.500Sorbitol 45.712 42.255 45.754 45.908(70% Solution)Glycerin 10.000 10.000 10.000 10.000PEG-12 -- 3.000 -- --Titanium Dioxide 0.525 0.525 0.525 0.525Silica 20.000 20.000 20.000 20.000Na Carboxymethyl 1.000 -- 1.000 0.900CelluloseNa Carrageenan 0.350 0.450 0.350 0.350Magnesium Alumina -- -- -- --SilicateHydroxyethyl -- 0.400 -- --CelluloseNa Alkyl Sulfate 4.000 4.000 4.000 4.000(27.9% Solution)Na Gluconate 2.082 2.395 2.395 2.082Stannous Fluoride 0.454 0.454 0.454 0.908Stannous Chloride 1.500 1.141 1.141 0.846DihydrateStannous -- -- -- --PyrophosphateNa Saccharin 0.230 0.230 0.230 0.230Flavor 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000FD&C Blue #1 0.051 0.050 0.051 0.051(1% Solution)Na Hydroxide 0.600 0.600 0.600 0.700(50% Solution)pH 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5______________________________________
In preparing the stannous dentifrice formulations, sorbitol and one half of the water are added to the mix tank and heating to 77� C. initiated. Saccharin, titanium dioxide, and silica may be added to the mixture during this heating period. Sufficient agitation is maintained to prevent the settling of the insoluble components. The glycerin is added to a separate vessel and is also heated to 77� C. When both the solutions have attained the required temperature, the carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and carrageenan are blended together and slowly added to the glycerin under vigorous agitation. When the CMC and carrageenan are sufficiently dispersed in the glycerin, this mixture is added to the sorbitol/water mixture. The resulting mixture is then blended for a period of time sufficient to allow complete hydration of the binders (about 15 minutes). When the paste is of acceptable texture, the flavor, sodium alkyl sulfate, and color are added. One half of the remaining water is then added to a separate mix tank and allowed to heat to 77� C. After the water attains the necessary temperature, the sodium gluconate is added under medium agitation and allowed to dissolve completely. The stannous chloride dihydrate is then added to the gluconate solution and also allowed to dissolve. This mixture is added to the main mix. The stannous fluoride is added to the remaining water (also at 77� C.) and the resulting solution is added to the main mix and allowed to blend thoroughly before final pH adjustment with sodium hydroxide. The completed paste is agitated for approximately 20 minutes before being milled and deaerated.
The following is a stannous toothpowder representative of the present invention:
______________________________________Component Weight %______________________________________Stannous Fluoride 0.454Stannous Chloride Dihydrate 1.500Sodium Gluconate 2.082Silica 74.964Sodium Sulfate 20.000Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 1.000Flavor 1.000Sodium Saccharin 0.200______________________________________
The following are stannous topical gels representative of the present invention:
______________________________________Component X XI XII______________________________________Stannous Fluoride 0.454 0.454 0.454Stannous Chloride 1.141 1.500 2.200DihydrateSodium Gluconate 1.750 2.082 2.500Glycerin 92.855 70.000 50.000Sorbitol (70% Solution) -- 21.964 42.146Sodium Carboxymethyl 0.600 0.800 --CelluloseHydroxyethyl Cellulose -- -- 0.500Flavor 1.000 1.000 1.000Sodium Saccharin 0.200 0.200 0.200Sodium Alkyl Sulfate 2.000 2.000 1.000(27.9%)______________________________________
The following are stannous mouthrinse tablets representative of the present invention:
______________________________________Component XIII XIV XV XVI______________________________________Stannous Fluoride 0.100 g 0.100 g 0.100 g 0.100 gStannous Chloride 0.375 g 0.375 g 0.550 g 0.375 gDihydrateSodium Gluconate 0.500 g 1.000 g 0.700 g 0.700 gFlavor 0.150 g 0.150 g 0.150 g 0.150 gSodium Saccharin 0.050 g 0.050 g 0.050 g 0.200 gMannitol 1.000 g -- -- --Sodium Carboxymethyl 0.050 g -- -- --CelluloseGum Arabic -- -- 2.000 g --Corn Starch -- 2.000 g 0.500 g --Sodium Benzoate 0.030 g 0.030 g 0.030 g 0.025 gCitric Acid -- -- -- 0.200 gSodium Carbonate -- -- -- 0.100 gSodium Bicarbonate -- -- -- 0.200 gGlycine -- -- -- 0.050 g______________________________________
Given below are citrate compositions which are representative of the present invention.
The following is an example of a citrate dentifrice useful in the present invention.
______________________________________Component Wt. %______________________________________Sorbitol 26.57Silica 20.00Saccharin 0.40Sodium Fluoride 0.27Sodium Citrate 4.50Citric Acid Anhydrous 0.82Titanium Dioxide 0.50Sodium Alkyl Sulfate (28% Solution) 6.00Polyethylene Glycol 12 2.00Mineral Oil 1.00Glycerin 9.00Xanthum Gum 0.70Carbopol 956 0.35Flavor 1.00FD&C Blue Dye #1 0.10DRO Water qs to 100pH 5.3______________________________________
Given below is an aqueous citrate rinse useful in the present invention.
______________________________________Component Wt. %______________________________________Sodium Bicarbonate 1.350Monosodium Phosphate 1.250Citric Acid 1.000Flavor (peppermint) 0.750Sodium Saccharin 0.200Sodium Alkyl Sulfate 0.050FD&C Blue Dye #1 0.001Alcohol 10.000Water qs to 100pH 5.3______________________________________
______________________________________Component Wt. %______________________________________Sodium Bicarbonate 30.00Citric Acid 25.50**Monosodium Phosphate 10.20Lactose 20.69Flavor (peppermint) 8.00Flavor (Herbal Alpine) 4.00Sodium Saccharin 1.60FD&C Blue Dye #1 0.01______________________________________ *Add 2 g of powder to 15 ml water to make aqueous rinse (pH 5.3). **3% citric acid in the aqueous rinse.
Patent Citations
Referenced by
Legal Events
Original Image


text: My reply and QUESTION: Why isn't this information being broadcast and put in print for the countless millions of people that are affected with the diseases and conditions that are non responsive to current treatments. As a cancer patient, I believe it is criminal for our government to withhold "medicines" that have been PROVEN to be effective in treating cancer–if NOT curing (which has occured in many cases), at least improving the quality of life. Reply


text:
TV Info
Episode PremiereAugust 06, 2010
DistributorIon Television, CTV
GenreDrama, Action, Thriller
Show Period2008 - 2013
Production CompanyAvamar Ent., Pink Sky Ent.
Cast and Crew
DirectorHolly Dale
ScreenwriterTreena Hancock, Melissa R. Byer
Main Cast
- Hugh Dillon as Ed Lane
- Enrico Colantoni as Sgt. Gregory Parker
- Amy Jo Johnson as Julianna 'Jules' Callaghan
- David Paetkau as Sam Braddock
- Cle Bennett
- Michael Cram
- Mark Taylor as Lewis Young
- Sergio Di Zio
- Ruth Marshall
Additional Cast
- Brianna D'Aguanno
- Nicole Underhay
- Patricia McPherson
- David Patrick Green
- Kelly Rowan
- Sophia Ewaniuk
- Jeanie Calleja
- Mark Huisman
- Jacklyn Francis
- Matt Birman
- Alex Karzis
- Mung-Ling Tsui
- Ava Himmel
- Danny Macdonald
- Kelli Fox
When a woman kidnaps two young girls, the SRU's wonder why she zeroed in on these children.


text:
Watch D2: The Mighty Ducks Online – Free Streaming 1994 Full Movie on Putlocker. My favourite portion may happen to be inside the end when every person is around the campfire and they burst into a horrible version of "We Will be the Champions." Even though it was horrible it was hilarious and extremely cocky. I am certain all of us would break into this song soon after beating absolutely everyone in the globe in hockey….even though it really is tough to believe Canada did not kick Americas asses. championship.
|D2: The Mighty Ducks (1994)
|Rating: 5.8/10 (23,111 votes)
Director: Sam Weisman
Writer: Steven Brill (characters), Steven Brill
Stars: Emilio Estevez, Kathryn Erbe, Michael Tucker, Jan Rubes
Runtime: 106 min
Rated: PG
Genre: Action, Comedy, Drama
Released: 25 Mar 1994
|Plot: Gordon Bombay is forced to withdraw from the minor hockey league with a knee injury. Much to his surprise, he is given the job of coach of Team USA Hockey for the Junior Goodwill Games in ...
Official Trailer
Processing your request, Please wait....
Leave a Reply
Please Login to post a comment.


text:
With Instructables you can share what you make with the world and tap into an ever-growing community of creative experts.
share what you made with text, photos, video, and files
Create »
gather your favorite instructables together
We have a be nice comment policy. Please be positive and constructive.
3,907 views
4 favorites
How to Enter the Instructables Office Supplies Challengeby Contest Robot
BOB Bag/72 Hour Kitby Benjamin K
The Improved, Improved Outer Tactical Vest stand!by inchman
Office Supplies Footballby yoyodyne
The coolest desk in Camp Bucca, Iraq!by inchman
Paperclip Crossbowby Chikpeas Brother
dart game with office suppliesby beatlemania503
Support Our Troops with a Patriotic Fabric Photo Postcard- SewUseful Contest Entryby bybethstudio
Office Supply Catapult, Goes 35 feet!!!by weredude
How To Make a Grappling Gun from Office Suppliesby soxrawesome2
See More
Download our new apps for iOS, Android and Windows 8!
© 2015 Autodesk, Inc.
By clicking "Create Account" you are indicating that you have read and agree to the Terms of service.
Already a member? Login »
Enter the email associated with your account and we will send you your username and a temporary password.
Not a member? Sign Up »


text:
Antitrust Suits Kill Enterprises
Michael G. Winston | Posted 05.25.2011 | Business
Read More: Leadership, MIchael Winston, Business, Corporate Greed, Cable TV News, Antitrust Suits, Trust, Ceos, Antitrust, Business News
Something inside has died. This distortion proves what we have long known -- that employees are not valued at all. We are pawns in a larger game.
U.S. antitrust regulators approved Google Inc.'s $3.1 billion purchase of DoubleClick Inc. Thursday, removing a key obstacle to a formidable combinati...


text:
KTM 640 Adventure owners, sign in please...
View Single Post
Joined: Sep 2006
Location: Springfield, MO
Oddometer: 180
Originally Posted by
Welcome! I think you might do well with a build thread, so we can help you along. and its fun for us to see what you got going on! That windscreen looks to be non-factory... does the upper portion bolt onto the headlight shroud? It looks to have the angle and lip of the early 2 piece screen/shroud, but has the USD forks of a late model, with the mid front hub(no boss for 2nd disc). Given that I am guessing its an '01-'02?!
Yassir, you're an astute viewer ('01). The upper is one piece, the PO just used the split you see as a demarcation to spray bomb the upper portion of it in white. I'm still scratching my head over this. The tank paint is hideous, and I'm too ashamed to post a pic of it. I'm going to try and have the entire bike vinyl wrapped after I figure out a way to safely remove the paint from the tank. I'm aware of the possible adhesion issues with the tank due to its poly construction, but gonna give it a shot anyway. I will be posting often to try and give back all the information gleaned from the incredible posts that have gotten me this far. This monster has consumed my thoughts since I bought it. I've given long dissertations over the years that there is no perfect solution to "one bike to do it all". I may have just discovered this unicorn.
Single track--check
Highway use--check
Loaded touring--check ish
If'n my 520 EXC Supermoto wheels fit this bike, I'll give it a shot at a track day to see if it's a viable Supermoto.
I've more or less stuck the rear EXC wheel in place of the LC4 stocker, and it seemed to fit just fine. Anyone know off hand if the front will work?
2006 R1150GSA/SE, 640 Adventure x2, G650GS Dakar/Touratech Adv, DR650, Multiple airheads, RDs, Titan, Seca Turbo, TW200 x3, SV650 Track machine, etc.
View Public Profile
Find More Posts by philosobrad


text:
The Global FlyFisher - The Largest and Best Place to go for Online Fly Fishing and Fly Tying
Releasing a fish almost always offers a good shot. The fish is usually calm and under control and easily visible in the low water.
From: BernardYin · lariver·at·aol.com Link
Submitted December 14th 2006
A "brown" agains "seaweed"/algae correct?
Part of the theme:


text:
Account Signup
Log In
Used Car Prices
Rating Your Car
Terms & Conditions
About Us
Email Us
Old Cars Price Guide
Magazine Subscription
P.O. Box 1148
Sterling Heights, MI
Advanced Search
The War Lover
Sony Pictures Home Entertainment
New: $7.92
Used: $2.99
Steve McQueen fights his own private battle as a volatile 'll ever see!...
Read More »
Find Deals on Car Insurance and More
Related Items
Hell is for Heroes
The Hunters
Hunter, The
Nevada Smith
Twelve O'Clock High (Special Edition)
Thanks for your interest in
The War Lover
. OldCars.com Classic Car Classifieds provides a complete marketplace of classic-car-related merchandise! Be sure to check out our related links above.
Classic Cars Site Map
| Copyright © 1999-2015 OldCars.com. All Rights Reserved.
Web Design by iNetCity


text:
Baked Squash
|1 Teaspoon
|Reduced calorie tub margarine
|1 1⁄3 Tablespoon (1 Tablespoon Plus 1 Teaspoon)
|1 Small
|1 Small, cored and diced
|White wine
|1⁄2 Cup (8 tbs)
|Dry white wine
|1⁄2 Cup (8 tbs)
|Dark raisins
|2 Tablespoon
|Butternut squash
|2 Pound (1 In Number)
|Dark brown sugar
|1 Tablespoon, firmly packed
|Firmly packed dark brown sugar
|1 1⁄3 Tablespoon (1 Tablespoon Plus 1 Teaspoon)
|Celery leaves
|4 (Or As Required)
1) Preheat oven to 350°F.
2) In a 9-inch skillet, saute the apple in the margarine over a medium heat for 1 to 2 minutes until lightly browned.
3) Stir in the wine and raisins and cook for 2 to 3 minutes until the liquid has evaporated, keep aside.
4) Quarter the squash lengthwise, discard the seeds and membranes.
5) In a 10 x 10 x 2-inch baking dish, arrange the squash quarters with the cut-side up.
6) Spoon 1/2 of apple mixture into seed cavity of each quarter and sprinkle each with 1 teaspoon sugar.
7) Add water to 1/2 inch depth into the baking dish, cover and bake in the preheated oven for 40 to 45 minutes, until the squash tender.
8) Place the squash on a serving platter, garnish with the celery leaves and serve immediately.


text:
Mount Pilatus Summer Day Trip from Lucerne
We've selected the best candid trip photos submitted by our users to help you decide if the Mount Pilatus Summer Day Trip from Lucerne is right for you. Make the most of your next trip to Lucerne with Viator's exclusive Photo Galleries.
Click here for tour details, schedule and pricing
October 2012
The first stop for the cable car.
The cog wheel train..
October 2012
The cogwheel train is not much fun.. but its an experience anyway
Feels like you're on top of the clouds
October 2012
Amazing views from top..
Pilatus view from top
October 2012
View from the top.. one of the view points
September 2012
We had a difficult time seeing the clog wheel train entering and leaving the station during our Monday visit.
August 2012
View from. the top of Mt Pilatus.
August 2012
Alphenhorn blower


text:
Happy Earth Day! Are You Thinking Green?
We're back with another behind the scenes look at NVIDIA. This week we met with Tonie Hansen, director of global citizenship, who explained some of our green initiatives and what you can do to help the environment.
http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/nTersect?d=yIl2AUoC8zA http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/nTer...qQ:V_sGLiPBpWU
|All times are GMT -5. The time now is 09:00 PM.
Powered by vBulletin® Version 3.7.1
Copyright ©2000 - 2015, Jelsoft Enterprises Ltd.
Copyright ©1998 - 2014, nV News.


text:
Grow with Love
Diamond Centre Wales's "Grow With Love" service enables you to upgrade your diamond stud earrings, increasing their value and quality each year....READ MORE
Diamond in a Box
There are few moments in life as special as giving the woman you love a diamond. We know you need that moment to be perfect. Diamond in a Box from Diamond Centre Wales is the perfect way to create the perfect moment...READ MORE
The Pacific Blue
An incredible oval sapphire of an unbelievably deep blue hue....READ MORE
Trilliant Cut
Searching for that unique and striking look for your diamond Jewellery?
Then discover the Trilliant cut diamond...READ MORE
The Prince of Diamonds
UK Exclusive! new diamond shape available only from DCW...READ MORE
The Diamond Lounge
Inspired by the romantic moments you share with us, the development of the Diamond Lounge adds a luxurious relaxation and collection point to make your diamond jewellery experience the most memorable it can be...READ MORE


text:
Preheat oven to 375 degrees.
Place all the ingredients in a bowl. Mix it well. Place the meat in the middle of an aluminum foil lined roasting pan. Form a loaf. Cover with half of the Hoisin glaze.
Bake meatloaf for 30 minutes. Apply the rest of the Hoisin glaze and cook for another 30 minutes or until loaf is cooked through. Remove from oven and allow sitting for 10 minutes before slicing.


text:
|General Chair
|Jie Wu
|Temple University, USA
|Program Chair
|John Douceur
|Microsoft Research, USA
|Program Vice-Chairs
|Algorithms and Theory
|Faith Ellen
|University of Toronto, Canada
|Security and Privacy
|Cristina Nita-Rotaru
|Purdue University, USA
|Fault Tolerance and Dependability
|Roy Friedman
|Technion, Israel
|Wireless, Mobile, Sensors, and Ubiquitous Computing
|Yu-Chee Tseng
|National Chiao-Tung University, Taiwan
|Big Data, Data Management, and Analytics
|David Du
|University of Minnesota, USA
|Cloud Computing and Data-Center Systems
|Manuel Costa
|MSR-Cambridge, UK
|P2P, Distributed OS, and Middleware
|Jon Howell
|MSR-Redmond, USA
|Web-based Systems and Applications
|Aleksandar Kuzmanovic
|Northwestern University, USA
|Energy Management and Green Computing
|Ricardo Bianchini
|Rutgers University, USA
|Krishna Kant
|National Science Foundation, USA
|Crowdsourcing, Social Networks, and Reputation Systems
|Zhi-Li Zhang
|University of Minnesota, USA
|Workshops Co-Chairs
|Hai Jin
|Huazhong Univ. of Science and Technology, China
|Ivan Stojmenovic
|Univ. of Ottawa, Canada
|Awards Co-Chairs
|Matt Mutka
|Michigan State Univ., USA
|Mukesh Singhal
|UC-Merced, USA
|Wei Zhao
|Univ. of Macau, Macau
|Local Arrangements Chair/Webmaster
|Chiu C. Tan
|Temple University, USA
|Registration Chair
|Carrie Stein
|The Ohio State University, USA
|Finance Chair
|Dong Xuan
|The Ohio State University, USA
|Publicity Co-Chairs
|Leszek Lilien
|Western Michigan Univ., USA
|Pedro M. Ruiz
|Univ. of Murcia, Spain
|Guojun Wang
|Central South Univ., China
|Publication Co-Chairs
|Feng Li
|International Liaison Co-Chairs
|Chita Das
|Penn State Univ., USA
|Michel Raynal
|IRISA-IFSIC, France
|Makoto Takizawa
|Seikei University, Japan
|TCDP Chair
|Jiannong Cao
|Hong Kong Polytechnic Univ., Hong Kong
|Steering Committee Chair
|Xiaodong Zhang
|The Ohio State University, USA