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Member Since: 07/27/10Send This Person a Message Give this person a Gift Add This Person as a Friend
great PL friend Thanks for your support to all LE Great supporter of LE God Bless you and your family if you cloned her and she gave ou a script You could not duplicate her Thoughtful and sweet always STAY SAFE SHE CARES FOR EVERYONE AND EVERYTHING Kristine is a terrific friend Kristine is a caring loyal friend and very interactive Wonderful wife and mom Beautiful inside and out An amazing woman Thanks For Your Friendship It Means The World To Me MAKE YOU FEEL HAPPY WITH ALL HER THOUGFUL WAYS ALWAYS FOREVER
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KCecala: Quiz Results
Stew Smith's Fitness Challenge taken over 2 years ago
More Fit than Most
What Kind of Police Vehicle Are You? Round II taken over 4 years ago
You wouldn't be a police car. You'd be getting stopped by one!
KCecala: Gifts
KCecala: References
PL, PL MemberSummary: Where do I start. Kristine is a true American hero. Selflessly giving of herself to help another while suffering a physical condition of her own. I admire and respect her. She exemplifies the human spirit.
Policelink, MemberSummary: There is no one like Kristine! She will deal with your problem as she she multitasks and deal with her own. She does not miss a beat!
KCecala: Activity
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over 4 years ago
2916 Comments
Thanks for stopping by. Sorry took long to comment you back, busy with work. Hope all is going great and enjoy the rest of your weekend and have a great week ahead my very dear friend.
over 4 years ago
24354 Comments
Just stopping by to say hello. Have a great weekend !!
over 4 years ago
I'm pretty good, I suppose.. I am glad you are feeling better. That's awesome. Feeling sick to your stomach is no fun!!!
Hello Kristine! Are you doing ok this evening? What are you guys up to tonight? I just got back from a friend of mine's house. We had a good time today.. went bowling and watched a movie.
over 4 years ago
over 4 years ago
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over 4 years ago
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Hope you have a great weekend.
over 4 years ago
20164 Comments
Hi there my friend! How's things in your neck of the woods? Hope you and your family have a great Friday and a fun relaxing weekend! I can't wait till summer as this not so sunny and warm California weather is drivng me crazy. Take care and stay safe out there as the crazies walk among us.
over 4 years ago
16444 Comments
Hey Kristine! Unfortunately, the new pharmacy is on a bit of a hiatus until we can find a wholesaler and financing. I'm getting so anxious! LOL I hope you'll have a great weekend. The weather is supposed to be nice here in GEorgia. Take care sis!
over 4 years ago
68916 Comments
over 4 years ago
18372 Comments
HAPPY 164th BIRTHDAY THOMAS EDISON
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over 4 years ago
10230 Comments
Stopping by to say hi. Hope you had a good week, have a great weekend. I wish you and yours a Happy Valentine's Day. Be safe.


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Santos by Cartier
Puts all these punk kid scents to shame Santos is in a class of mature men scents. A cold weather evening scent that will drive women to delite with one whiff. Put down the dept store nose clogging, headache inducing juice, And put on some real classy edt. Santos, there is no substitute!
22nd January, 2013

subset: commoncrawl


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Variable Impact. Makita's new impact driver, the BTD144, has several useful features inspired by the company's extensive line of industrial drivers. It offers three speed/torque settings for greater control with a variety of fasteners, a switched headlight, and malfunction and low-battery warning lights. Its brushless motor runs on the brand's standard or compact 18-volt lithium-ion batteries. A kit with two standard batteries costs $349; the tool alone is $189. Makita, 800/462-5482. www.makitatools.com
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routes du bonheur Suggestions for itineraries to discover the world
Restaurant in town. Japan,Tokyo
DirectionFrom Tokyo Haneda, 23 minutes by car. From Tokyo Narita, 1 hour by car. From JR Tokushima station, 40 minutes by taxi. From JR Tokyo station, 20 minutes by taxi.
AirportsTokyo Haneda 18,2 km / Tokyo Narita (Intl) 75 km
Train stationKamiyacho 0,6 km / Roppongi 1,2 km
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The IRS is making it easier for everyone in the beauty industry by simplifying its voluntary tip income compliance agreements.
The IRS is making it easier for everyone in the beauty industry by simplifying its voluntary tip income compliance agreements. The IRS has simplified and shortened the Tip Reporting Alternative Commitment (TRAC). Under TRAC, the employer agrees to educate employees and establish tip reporting procedures. In return for taking part in TRAC, the IRS agrees not to initiate tax examinations of the employer while the agreement is in effect. "These changes reflect the IRS's continued effort to use education and outreach to help taxpayers voluntarily comply with the nation's tax laws rather than soley relying on enforcement actions," says IRS Commissioner Charles O. Rossotti.
In addition, the IRS also announced that when there are violations of the tip reporting rules, effective October 1, 2000, it will resume tip examinations and assessments for FICA taxes on employers only, without first determining the tip income of individual employees. The IRS will make employer-only FICA tax assessments only in the most extreme cases of noncompliance.
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Wolfenstein: The New Order is the latest in the long-running shooter franchise, and it's at once an homage to the games that came before it and a totally new experience.
Machine Games and Bethesda have a done a surprisingly good job at melding the classic and the new, giving gamers a single-player shooter experience that's at once bombastic and deadly serious, with elements of older shooters—such as health packs and numerous carried weapons—as well as some unique innovations.
I won't go very deep into the game's story. You play, once again, as Nazi-killer extraordinaire William "B. J." Blazkowicz, only this time you're in an alternative 1960′s in which the world has been taken over by mechanized Nazis. It's a totally ludicrous re-imagining of WWII and the Nazis, and you'd think it might take on a somewhat goofy tone because of it, but the game doesn't hold back in its depiction of the Nazi menace, at all.
Indeed, the story itself is often more serious than not. It's filled with great characters, often well-written dialogue (though the writing is a bit uneven at times) and plenty of atrocities to motivate you to kill Nazis and their robots and overthrow the Third Reich and all its minions. I'm the type of gamer that often skips cut-scenes when possible, but I found the story interesting for the most part, and well-written and paced enough to watch each and every one.
Levels are pretty open-ended, giving players lots of room to explore and try out different approaches. This is no open-world game, so there's never quite the freedom you'll find in a game like Far Cry 3, but it's a nice balance between a corridor shooter and open-world games. This allows you to approach many levels either using stealth or run-and-gun tactics, and it also keeps the game's pacing pretty tight, especially in contrast to games like Far Cry 3.
I played on the second-to-hardest difficulty, and noticed some severe difficulty spikes at times, each of which really made me consider my strategy. Unfortunately, stealth isn't always an option. I would have really liked to be able to play the game in stealth mode from start to finish, but encounters with some larger enemies, and certain ambush zones only allow straight-up shooting.
Then again, this isn't Dishonored we're talking about, and stealth isn't the cornerstone of the game. Fortunately, stealth in some areas of the game is a huge help, and it's handled—like all the game's mechanics—very smoothly.
The weapons themselves aren't particularly interesting, but the shooting handles well. It's not as snappy as Call of Duty, but it isn't messy either, and the balance seems about perfect. I actually found it easier to shoot without sights or zooming in, as a handy reticle glows red when it's aimed at an enemy. This is helpful when using a gamepad, though I still find playing first-person shooters on consoles enormously frustrating. I'm pretty sure I would be better at this game had I played it on PC with the shooter friendly mouse-and-keyboard setup I'm accustomed to for this genre. Once again, PC is the best way to play shooters—though the PS4 certainly doesn't hold back in the visuals department.
There's a cool lean mechanic as well, which allows you to hold the L1 button down and lean in any direction, peaking over cover or around walls and easily ducking back into safety. This can work well with your semi-regenerating health bar, ducking back into safety quickly to let it crawl up to the nearest 20 point.
Along with the more retro-style health bar, you're also not confined to carrying just two weapons at a time, a trend that has plagued video games since Halo introduced it lo these many years ago. Instead you have an entire gadget-wheel—though this will deplete or change from level to level, starting you out with just the basics from time to time and forcing you to re-arm yourself as you play. You can also dual-wield guns, which can be pretty fun especially since zooming in isn't all that necessary. Your arsenal gets more and more deadly and varied the further into the game you progress, but you don't have to choose between a marksman rifle and an automatic shotgun. You can have it all!
On harder difficulty settings, I was pleasantly surprised by enemy AI. Baddies dive-slide into cover, toss grenades at you to flush you out of hiding, and circle you from two directions, cornering you in a defenseless hallway. I've heard some people complain about the AI, and I'm not sure if they simply played on an easier setting or if I'm giving the game's enemies too much credit. But I certainly felt like many of my opponents were more dynamic than in a lot of other shooters.
An early choice in the game completely changes events during the rest of your 12-15 campaign, giving players a pretty compelling reason to play again. There's also secrets scattered throughout, many of which are actually really hard to find—even when you've uncovered their location on a map. Special codes unlock new game modes—such as 999 mode and a uber-hardcore permadeath mode—but they're not easy to unlock.
Meanwhile, the game's perk system rewards players for playing a certain style—stealth, for instance—by unlocking perks after you've completed certain basic tasks (such as killing five commanders with a knife takedown, and so forth.) It's a pretty ingenious way to bring a very subtle "leveling" system to the game, without getting bogged down in skill trees and the like.
And while some people have had technical issues with the game, I didn't encounter any at all beyond some corpses falling through walls and the like.
The game runs at a steady framerate and looks great on PS4. It handles like a charm, too, minus my qualms with using a gamepad for FPS's.
And while it may be true that The New Order doesn't really bring that much new to the table, and isn't exactly "retro" either, it does take some of the best of both new and old games and blend them together into a really fun mix. This may not be an instant classic, but it's one of the better first-person shooters I've played in a long time.
It's an arcade-style shooter with a preposterous plot that still manages to feel realistically human all at the same time. That's a pretty surprising achievement, and not really what I expected from the title.
Platform: Xbox 360, PS3, Xbox One, PS4, PC
Version played: PS4
Developer: Machine Games
Publisher: Bethesda
Released: May 20th, 2014
Price: $59.99
Score: 8.5/10


text: Snickers Commercial Is Scaring The Crap Out Of Everyone Katie Luscombe and 203 othersEditDelete Invite manuallyPromoteXDismissXUndismissBlock for jezebelHide This Halloween, Snickers takes a page out of Burger King's Guide to Creepy Masked Mascots with the bizarre, disproportionate "Snickers lady," a grocery-store apparition who is all sorts of weird. Cue nightmares. » 10/06/10 9:47am 10/06/10 9:47am


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Pierre Laporte
Restructuring services Leader
1 Place Ville-Marie
Suite 3000
Pierre is the Restructuring services leader of the Americas region Financial advisory practice. In his 20 years of experience in financial advisory consulting and corporate recovery, he has developed expertise in restructuring accounts across many industries. His extensive experience in handling high-profile and complex Canadian and cross-border insolvency files makes him a trusted advisor both from a creditor's and a debtor's perspective.
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Chillisquaque Creek
|Chillisquaque Creek
Chillisquaque Creek upstream of Washingtonville
|confluence of East Branch Chillisquaque Creek and Middle Branch Chillisquaque Creek in Montour County, Pennsylvania
West Branch Susquehanna River in Northumberland County, Pennsylvanialength_mi = 19.96
|Basin area
|112 sq mi (290 km2)
|Left tributaries
|East Branch Chillisquaque Creek, Mud Creek
|Right tributaries
|Middle Branch Chillisquaque Creek, West Branch Chillisquaque Creek
Chillisquaque Creek is a 19.96-mile-long (32.12 km)[1] tributary of the West Branch Susquehanna River in Montour and Northumberland counties, Pennsylvania in the United States.
A part of the Chesapeake Bay drainage basin, the Chillisquaque Creek watershed drains parts of four counties (the two mentioned and Columbia County and Lycoming County). The creek flows southwest in a valley of the Ridge-and-valley Appalachians, through sandstone, shale, and limestone.
As of 2000, the creek and its 112 square miles (290 km2) watershed are rural, with 67.9% of the watershed given to agriculture and 29.5% covered by forest and a population of 6,620.
According to Donehoo, "Chillisquaque" is a corruption of the Shawnee name Chililisuagi, meaning "place of the snow birds". There was a Shawnee village near the mouth of the creek from about 1728, and it is mentioned in the journals of several early colonial visitors to the area. It is Shallyschohking in the earliest record of the creek and village, a 1732 petition from the Shawnee to the Province of Pennsylvania government. In 1737 Conrad Weiser wrote it as Zilly-squachne as he crossed the creek and traveled through the village on his way north to the Iroquois capital Onondaga. In 1754 it was Chelisquaqua, and Scull's map of 1759 has Chillisquaquy. By 1770 (when the first white settlers arrived) another Scull map has the current name.[2] All these are variations of "Chalakatha", one of the five Shawnee tribal bands and the name of the village where that band resided, usually rendered in English as "Chillicothe".[3]
The name "Chillisquaque Creek" is unique in the USGS Geographic Names Information System and on its maps of the United States.[4] Today the creek has given its name to East Chillisquaque and West Chillisquaque townships, as well as the unincorporated hamlet of Chillisquaque in the latter township, all in Northumberland County. The creek's major tributaries include the County Line Branch Chillisquaque Creek, as well as the East, Middle, and West Branches.[5]
See also[edit]
- Buffalo Creek (West Branch Susquehanna River)
- Lake Chillisquaque
- List of Pennsylvania rivers
- Turtle Creek (West Branch Susquehanna River)
- ^ Pennsylvania Gazetteer of Streams (PDF), November 2, 2001, retrieved July 10, 2014
- ^ Donehoo, Dr. George P. (1999) [1928]. A History of the Indian Villages and Place Names in Pennsylvania (PDF) (Second Reprint Edition ed.). Lewisburg, Pennsylvania: Wennawoods Publishing. p. 290. ISBN 1-889037-11-7. Retrieved 2006-11-09.
ISBN refers to a 1999 reprint edition, URL is for the Susquehanna River Basin Commission's web page of Native American Place names, quoting and citing the book
- ^ For "Chillisquaque" being a variation of "Chillicothe", see for example Michael N. McConnell, A Country Between: The Upper Ohio Valley and Its Peoples, 1724-1774 (Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press, 1992), p. 14.
- ^ Geographic Names Information System, United States Geological Survey (August 2, 1979). "Geographic Names Information System Feature Detail Report: East Branch Chillisquaque Creek". Retrieved 2007-06-01.
- ^ Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, Bureau of Planning and Research, Geographic Information Division. "2007 General Highway Map Montour County and Northumberland County Pennsylvania" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-06-01.


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UC may finally get that long deserved revenge over Louisville this year. Both teams have the offense, but it's the Cat's D that should put them over the top.
My prediction:
Cats: 37
Also, I was wondering if the watch party tonight at Schott stadium is going to be open to the public, and not just the students.


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Days Inn Branson/Near The Strip
No prices found through our partners. Please contact the business directly or check some of our recommended alternatives.
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Musical theatre anyone?
... the word of God through massive biblical productions. These theatre people really know their stuff and have created 280 degree sets that use real people and animals as well as the latest in electronic wizardry. You will be astounded! These are Broadway standard productions. For a part of "Noah" you appear to be in the Ark and for part of "Jonah" you appear to ...
'Fantastic' Time with Friends
... to let him know we were close. His response: "Good luck finding it." We got to the foot of his driveway and not sure if it was it we had to admit defeat. I called him and he let us know that we had it right and to drive down this long gravel driveway.
Tucked away in a peaceful wooded area is their charming home. They have been there for 15 years and completely remodeled ...
Finding Friends on the Road & Exploring Branson
As we left Skoglunds and got on the road back towards Missour - I was snapping pictures of the roller-coaster road ahead when I noticed a Voltage brand of 5th wheel 2 vehicles ahead of us. Lo & behold - our friends Jan & Steve Barnett had left another area of Illinois that morning, and there they were! We made contact via text message - stopped at a rest area, ...
2014 NFA Convention Saturday Night Fireworks
... understand that they shoot higher
than the highest fireworks in all of the previous nights fireworks.
The Red Horse Tails in the finale kept gracefully breaking at all levels of the sky
over and over. It was a very unique and beautiful finale.
2014 NFA Conference -Thursday Night Fireworks
Larry and I really enjoyed the bright new colors shown at the Product Demos at Wednesday Night's Fireworks at NFA


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Vollrath 30642 DescriptionSKU: 175-30642
Patented angled ramp aids greatly in removing the Vollrath Super Pan II sixth size steam pan quickly and with ease. Along with the reinforced corners and sturdy 22 gauge stainless steel construction, this feature provides exceptional durability and a lasting life. The flatter edges of the 4" deep Super Pan II steam pan prevent bending and provide a wider surface area. To help separate and dry pans quickly the corners help to prevent jams. The thermal heat transfer you get with these 1.8 quart pans help to minimize food safety risks while giving you an upscale presentation.
Super Pan V Sixth Size 1/6 Food Pan, 4" deep, 22 gauge 300 series stainless steel, reinforced pour corners, reverse formed flattened edges, anti-jamming design, NSF, USA made
Vollrath 30642 Specifications
Vollrath 30642 Customer Reviews
Gatormeal said...
"Very handy size, works well for many uses especially with the stainless cover or plastic cover."
Vollrath 30642 Customer Reviews
"Very handy size, works well for many uses especially with the stainless cover or plastic cover."


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The start of a new financial year is a good time to review your financial affairs, especially if they're keeping you awake at night, writes John Collett.
Chartist extends lead as market sent to Coventry
David Potts With one week to go anything can happen in our shares race and, from my perspective down here next to the dartboard, here's hoping.
Smart larks make a dawn start
David Wilson Research suggests early risers earn more. What's their secret?
It's not Greece we should worry about
David Potts Greece grabs the headlines, but let's not forget that China has a debt problem too. Quite a big one.
Are you suffering from lifestyle creep?
Suzanne Woolley Champion savers keep their lifestyle spending stable even when their incomes rise. Here's how.
Ensure fees don't come at a premium
Nerida Cole Insurance without commission sounds too good to be true - but you just need to know how to get it.
Funds fear rise of lawyer-led claims
Sally Patten Super funds have grown increasingly concerned that lawyers are becoming involved in claims from an early stage, even before a claim has been knocked back.
What the new financial year could bring
David Potts Here it is, halfway through the year already and nothing seems to be going according to plan.
Super savings hit by Greek crisis
John Collett The Greek tragedy may not be a problem for the Australian economy, but it is costing super fund members plenty in foregone retirement savings.
Latest financial data including household net worth, job vacancies and tourism
David Potts Keep up to date with these snapshot figures for the Australian economy.


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On May 17, Jerusalem House, listed as a health food store in Eugene, OR, recalled all varieties and sizes of its Hummus products, Baba Ghanouj, Grape Leaves, Black Bean Hummus Dip, Salsa De Jardin and Tahini because they may contain a chemical contaminant.
All items were packaged under the Jerusalem House brand except for the Original Tahini, which carried the Earth Gourmet Foods brand. Find the complete recall release as a PDF: Jerusalem House Recalls Assorted Products Because Of Possible Health Risk.
The State Agricultural Department claimed the products could contain a chemical contaminant, which prompted the recall, although no illnesses have been reported.
Two day prior to the food recall, Eugene police searched the home of Roy Simon Oueis. The address police say, served as a commercial food sales operation for Jerusalem House.
Mr. Oueis was arrested on charges of possession of Methamphetamine, delivery of Methamphetamine within 1,000 feet of a school, felon in possession of a weapon and first-degree theft.
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Spaghetti alle Vongole or spaghetti with clams is the perfect end-of-summer meal. This pasta dish is made by steaming fresh clams with garlic and olive oil (a little white wine wouldn't hurt either) and tossed with delicate strands of spaghetti. A few shavings of parmesan cheese and sprinkling of parsley is all you need to finish this light Italian meal.
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September 7, 2011
Not to be too picky, but you would never find cheese in a clam sauce in Italy. It is also curious that your picture is of a dish made with fresh clams, which are not present in your recipe.
September 8, 2011
Yes, cooking and eating are a matter of personal preference but there are some items that are either true or not true. For instance, I could choose to simmer chunks of lamb in my "Bouillabaisse" but I would be hard pressed to call it Bouillabaisse thereafter without it being inaccurate. People are welcome to put anything they want to in their clam sauce but once you put cheese in it, it ceases to be real Italian food, even if it is Italian cheese. As chefs, I believe one of our jobs is to educate and elevate the palates of those we are fortunate enough to interact with. When we spread inaccurate information and misrepresent the culinary and cultural heritage of food we are doing the opposite.
September 11, 2011
Quit taking yourself so seriously Daniel. Not once is this recipe referred to as authentic Italian. I've tried it with fresh clams and canned clams (and cheese) and it was great both ways. And I'm an exec chef at a Michelin rated restaurant. Lighten up and let others enjoy the simplicity of this recipe.
September 11, 2011
Rod, congratulations on your successful career. I stand by my comments that the history, heritage, and authenticity of food should be respected. Best of luck to you in the future.
September 14, 2011
Authentic is whatever your mamma put in it :)
September 18, 2011
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Search the collections
Plate - Isobel Ceramic Studio, 'Australian Landscape', circa 1960 Reg. No: HT 949
- Summary:
- Plate decorated by Helen Ilich at Isobel ceramic studio in Oakleigh. Helen migrated to Melbourne from Croatia in 1953 with her two children, her husband already having arrived. She had always wanted to be an artist but rarely had the opportunity or parental support to pursue her passion. This continued in Australia but she found a degree of artistic outlet by working in three ceramic studios around Melbourne - Ellis, Isobel (a small independent business) and Guy Boyd's studio which she particularly enjoyed. Helen later joined the Heidelberg Artists' Society and taught painting at home, producing many works of her own.
- Description:
- Ceramic plate painted with an Australian landscape. There is a large gum tree in the forground and smaller trees and hills in the distance. The ground is brown and dry and there are clouds in the sky.
- Acquisition Information:
- Donation from Mrs Nina Chelleri, 2002
|23.50 cm (Length)
More information
|Tagged with:
|artworks, wars conflicts, world war ii 1939-1945, immigration, australiana, domestic equipment, displaced persons, artistic practices, croatian communities, croatian immigration
|Themes this item is part of:
|Immigration & Artistic Practice Collection, Helen Ilich, Serbian Migrant & Ceramic Artist, 1953, Domestic & Community Life Collection, Migration Collection, Getting In, Immigration Museum Exhibition, 2003-2015
|Primary Classification:
|Secondary Classification:
|Ethnicity - Creative Practice
|Tertiary Classification:
|Base: Isobel/Australia/HAND PAINTED. Signed: Ilich.
|Helen Ilich, Oakeigh, Victoria, Australia, circa 1960s
|Manufactured For:
|Isobel Ceramics Studio, Oakleigh, Victoria, Australia, circa 1960s
This item is part of the following themes:
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Mfg.: Garland
Model: Garland X36-6R
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Item: Garland Sunfire 36" Gas Restaurant Range w/ 6 Burners & 1 Standard Oven
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Description:This gas restaurant range is ideal for barbecue restaurants, seafood restaurants, and hotel dining kitchens.
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Rutland to discuss surveillance cameras
RUTLAND The city is discussing the idea of using security cameras to monitor its most crime-ridden neighborhoods.
One landlord suggested the idea to the Board of Aldermen on Monday after one of his properties was the site of a home invasion.
Cam Johnston said he has no problem with cameras monitoring people walking down the street.
The matter was referred to the Public Safety Committee with almost no debate.
City Police Chief James Baker said a surveillance program in residential areas would have to be a community decision.
He said the city already had a number of privately owned security cameras around businesses. Baker said vandalism dropped around the downtown train station after cameras were installed there.MORE IN Vermont NewsMONTPELIER Following a dry spring, parts of Vermont were pummeled by rain in June, giving a... Full StoryMONTPELIER Presidential candidate Bernie Sanders political action committee has been fined by... Full StoryAt any given time, more than 30,000 Vermonters are contending with a suspended drivers license. Full Story
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Here's my PF9 with the Tactical grip sleeve. It's an LC9 sleeve, but fits the PF9 perfectly and takes most of the sting out of the it. Try it.
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11 Times You'd Never Expect To Find Jesus
The Huffington Post | Amanda Scherker | Posted 11.19.2013 | Weird News
Read More: Seeing Jesus, Nsfw Photos, Jesus's Face, Son of God, Face-of-God, Jesus, Jesus-Face, Finding Jesus, Nsfw, Weird News News
There are times and places when you expect to connect with a higher power: at church, on a sublime mountain range, at a Christian rock concert. Bu...
How do we go about having a pure heart? Jesus provides a clue. Keeping our hearts sound is key not only to seeing ourselves as we really are, but to seeing God.


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Heidi Klum's Kids: Picture Perfect
Is Meri Brown Quitting Sister Wives and Leaving Kody Brown?
Kylie Jenner Says She Has To Act Fake For The Kardashian Image
12 Fascinating Transgender Celebrities
Ben and Jennifer: It's Officially Over
Michael Jackson's Daughter Paris Reveals Her Boyfriend
This 9-Year-Old Model Is Being Called the "Most Beautiful Girl in the World"
Emma Watson's Intentional "Side Boob"
Military Husband Jaw Dropped After Seeing Her Transformation
Best Celebrity Beach Bodies of 2015
What Does Kylie Jenner Look Like Without Makeup?
Famous Kids: Where Are They Now?
Yolanda Foster's Health Takes A Turn For The Worse?
You Won't Believe How Brad and Angie Travel
Beyonce Isn't as Flawless as We Thought
Celebrities with Diseases: You'll Be Surprised by Who Has Been Diagnosed
Meghan Trainor Forced to Pull Out of More Concerts
Cindy Crawford's 13-Year-Old Daughter Looks Just Like Her
Inside Kim and Kanye's $20 Million Mega Mansion
Caitlyn Jenner Shows Off Her Tomboy Side
Ariana Grande's Insane Diva Demands Revealed
The Adorable Children of Reality TV Stars
Rob Kardashian Has Finally Resurfaced!
Separated at Birth! People Who Look Like Celebs
Miley Cyrus and Her New Man Caught in The Act
Teresa Giudice Comes Clean About Posh Prison Life
5 Celebrities You Didn't Know Where Adopted
Hollywood's Weirdest Couple Is Staying Strong
10 Secrets The Olsen Twins Have Been Hiding
Taylor Swift's BFFs Majorly Betrayed Her


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text:
So if you actually look at the actual track record of government spending, government employment, Reagan is the Keynesian and Obama -- mostly because of political constraints, although a little bit of lack of conviction on the part of his own people, has been the anti-Keynesian. He's been the one who's been doing what Republicans say is the right answer.
If I have a political critique, it's that this administration has been very reluctant to make that case. They've been very hesitant about saying, look, we're trying to do the right thing, but those guys won't let us, I think for fear of...
STEPHANOPOULOS: But doesn't -- but -- you got to the point at the end. I think the danger of that argument -- you were making part of it right now -- is that the more you blame Congress and nothing gets done, the weaker you look.
KRUGMAN: Well, you know, I think they have no alternative (inaudible) what do I know about political strategy, right? But -- but -- but I think this is what they have to do now. They have to say, look, we -- we could have made this better. And, you know, Harry Truman, the do-nothing Republicans...
FEHRNSTROM: Could I say, George, just on -- on that point? I do think it's important for Republicans in Congress to come together with the president on some bipartisan jobs legislation. The problem is, this president has made it nearly impossible to do that because of the way he demonizes his opposition, his personal attacks against Paul Ryan.
I can tell you that when Mitt Romney was governor of Massachusetts, he had to confront a Democratic legislature. Every week, he would invite the Democratic leaders to come into his office. They would discuss agenda items. If they didn't have an agenda to discuss, they would talk about the last movie they saw. But the important thing was to keep those lines of communication open. This president hasn't done that, and I think it's -- we're for the worse.
CUTTER: Well, in terms of the governor's Massachusetts record, I think that the Democratic leadership in Massachusetts would probably tell you a different story about Mitt Romney's ability to reach across the aisle. The number of vetoes of the Democratic legislature says it all.
On the president working with Republicans, it's been clear since day one that the president was willing to reach out to Republicans, work with them on critical pieces of legislation to get our economy moving. Time and time again, they've rebuffed him.
Now, whether you're talking about the secret meeting that they had on the day of the president's inaugural to figure out how they were going to defeat him or Mitch McConnell saying that his number-one goal to make the president a one-term president or bringing the economy to the brink of disaster last summer and resulting in a reduction in the nation's credit rating because Speaker Boehner couldn't get his Republicans together to do -- ensure that everybody paid their fair share and ensured this economy could keep moving.
STEPHANOPOULOS: Let's talk about the plan going forward, because you mentioned the Ryan plan, the demonization of the Ryan plan, in your -- your words. Is Governor Romney saying that is going to be his blueprint for the budget going forward?
FEHRNSTROM: Well, at least he has a blueprint. The president hasn't produced a budget or at least a budget he did produce -- or the outline of the budget he produced was rejected unanimously in both branches.


text:
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Outpouring of Support for College Diversity Seen Today in Supreme Court Case. NAACP Legal Defense Fund Among Wide Array of Groups that Weigh in8/13/12Related Case or Issue:
Today the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, Inc. ("LDF") is filing an amicus curiae ("friend of the court") brief in Fisher v. University of Texas at Austin, urging the U.S. Supreme Court to preserve diversity and opportunity in America's colleges and universities.
LDF on Anniversary of the Voting Rights Act8/06/12
"On this anniversary, we recognize that the Voting Rights Act embodies the highest ideals and commitments of our shared democratic values," said Debo P. Adegbile, LDF's Acting President and Director-Counsel. "These values endure as does America's commitment to them. All Americans are entitled to express their voice with their votes, and the Voting Rights Act continues to stand for this proposition."
Lady of the Last Chance: Lawyer Makes Her Mark Getting Convicts off Death Row8/02/12
In what seems her natural state, Christina Swarns is as sweetly plainspoken and easygoing as a kindergarten teacher, which, decidedly, she is not.
Seated across a conference table in a corner-view meeting room on the 16th floor of the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund offices in Manhattan's Tribeca neighborhood, Swarns brightens another 100 watts when mentioning a collect call the day before from a client she helped get off death row four years ago—someone "near and dear to my heart."
Natasha Korgaonkar Briefly Addresses Issue With Photo ID Law7/13/12
Natasha Korgaonkar briefly identifies how Photo ID law would prevent many from casting their votes.
LDF Prevails in Louisiana School Desegregation Case7/13/12
On July 12, 2012, the United States District Court of the Western District of Louisiana ruled in favor of LDF's clients in Thomas v. St. Martin Parish School Board, denying the school board's motions to dismiss this long-standing Louisiana school desegregation case.


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Results 1 to 5 of 10
Thread: Pronunciation sadness : (
September 17th, 2013 11:47 PM #1
Pronunciation sadness : (
Have any of you ever encountered this problem? I've loved the name Zoe ever since I was about nine, but I thought then that it was pronounced (zo), as in Joe. Then I discovered the real pronunciation, and it took me awhile to fall in love with it again. The last couple of weeks, I've been entertaining the thought that I could use the French pronunciation of Zoé, which I thought was (zo-ay). Just goes to show you how much I know about French. Anyway, today I figured out the French pronunciation is more along the lines of (zoo-ee), and my hopes have been dashed yet again : ( So do any of you know of a legitimate name that would have such a pronunciation (zo-ay)? Thanks.
P.S. Would also like to hear your GP pronunciations : )Piers Benedict-Viggo Sebastian-Jude Peregrine-Becket Johannes
Marguerite Valentine-Catherine Ophélie-Genevieve Antonia-Elisabet Mercédès
Afton-Hermione-Julian-Marin-St. John-Arthur-Fox-Damian-Percy
September 18th, 2013 12:00 AM #3aurora- autumn- ashwyn- bambi- bernadette- calliope- emmalou- henriette- indigo- ione- january- lark- leela- llewellyn- lydia- marnie- molly- narnia- noelle- oralee- penelope- philomena- rain- raven- roxy- ruby- snow- tessa- thora- waverly- willow- winter- wren- zoe | abel- aesop- angus- banjo- bartholomew- bear- bruce- burkley- darwin- elliot- finn- flynn- foster- henry- indigo - knox - laszlo - lyle - navy - nemo - noah - otis - oakley - rainn - thatcher - thomas - thompson - titus - zen
September 18th, 2013 12:08 AM #5
Er, what? Zoé, in French, is pronounced zo-AY (http://www.forvo.com/search/zo%C3%A9/fr/)Lucia
Name aficionada, traveller, teacher, wonderfully enamoured
❀ Sela Beatrix, Eleanora Ivy, Hyacinth Maude
➳ Bastian Leir, Gideon Felix, Fletcher Atlas
September 18th, 2013 12:24 AM #7
September 18th, 2013 05:52 AM #9~Boys~
★ August Eli Benedict ★ Bram ★ Casimir Mordecai ★ Edmond John Meirion ★ Gillon ★
★ Jory Leander ★ Julian Charles ★ Macsen ★ Magnus ★ Vasiliy ★
★ Aira Rose ★ Arietta ★ Clover ★ Delphina ★ Eleni ★ Fiorella ★ Hester Isobel ★
★ Iris ★ Lilah ★ Merit ★ Sylvia ★
Sorry to anyone who read TSI. First draft was terrible. Second drafting now.


text:
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ayt.seventine.fortine18 Aug
Hilltops Hoods.
another? throwback to highschool lax:
eight.fourteen.fourteen14 Aug
I was unafraid, I was a boy, I was a tender age
seven.twenty.fourteen21 Jul
that's two full rotations. nawmsayin?
we don't care if you don't care.
seven.eleven.fourteen11 Jul
7/11 ya dig?
always have a reason for the songs you play
ohsix.twenty-three.fourteen23 Jun
This is one is good.
Mmmmmmm. viens encore svp.


text:
All this talk of rusted rebars has me rather concerned.
Disney does repaint the track, but obviously not all of it everywhere. I think at least the part of the track that runs between Star Tours and BLAB is safe...I think... :/
A new Tomorrowland is coming, so this is the only real chance we have of getting a new version of the Peoplemover back to Disneyland. If there's a time to rise up about this strongly-missed attraction, that time is now. If enough fans banded together, got the media involved, and got Disney to take notice (and trust me, WDI has been working on this issue for years...where they're currently at, I have no idea), we could, ideally, hear something about the New Tomorrowland with a brand new version of the Peoplemover at the D23 Expo this year. That should be the goal.
The OC Register would be the best place to contact, but, as some of you know, I'm now a Disneyland journalist (Anaheim Disney Travel) at Examiner.com, so if they don't want to write a story...I will. I'll let you folks make that call.
We can't have another Rocket Rods. Disney has plenty of fast rides...Peoplemover was special because it was relaxing yet still exciting. People get tired and cranky rushing from place to place at Disneyland Resort, but a ride like the Peoplemover allows them to sit for 20 minutes, take a deep breath and recoup.
After the original Submarine Voyage (which I have come to accept that I'll never get back and just need to get to Tokyo already), I miss Peoplemover the most. I miss 3PO's commentary and rushing away from a stormtrooper. I miss traveling through the world of TRON. I miss sitting up high and taking in the beautiful sights of Disneyland from a different perspective. It was special. Rocket Rods wasn't enjoyable for me - all it did was rush you through everything. It's more worthwhile to have the slow and steady attraction with people still on the move.
The greatest loss in losing the Peoplemover was losing that kinetic energy in Tomorrowland. A world on the move, a great big beautiful tomorrow where new things are always happening and improving upon themselves. New and/or more eco-friendly technology could be used to generate this attraction and strengthen Tomorrowland in theme. Remember agrifuture? All the darn edible plants are still there, let's just take things one step further now. It's all there, ripe for the taking. Celebrating renewable energy, and still leaving room for synergy with Disney properties, especially the new acquisition's.
...oh my. A thought just occurred to me...what if WDI is planning on basing the majority of the New Tomorrowland on Star Wars additions? (Kind of off-topic, I know, but has anyone else thought about this?)


text:
A method for interrogating remote transponders having the steps of: sending an RF interrogation pulse from an interrogator (10), receiving by a first and second transponder (12,12a) the RF interrogation pulse, and establishing in a resonant circuit (130) of each of the transponders (12,12a) an oscillation, the oscillation being established by the coupling of signal energy from the RF interrogation pulse into the resonant circuit (130). After the RF interrogation pulse ends, the first transponder (12) senses the termination of the pulse and initiates a first RF response having a selected duration. A second RF response from the second transponder (12a) will also be detected in the first transponder (12) whose response will be affected by this second RF response. The differing response times in the first transponder (12) for responses affected and unaffected by neighboring transponders may be sensed in the interrogator so the interrogator may detect instances in which the RF responses which it received may have been conflicting.
1. A method for interrogating remote transponders, said method comprising the steps of:
a) sending an RF interrogation pulse from an interrogator;
b) receiving by a first and second transponder said RF interrogation pulse;
c) terminating said RF interrogation pulse;
d) sensing in said first transponder termination of said RF interrogation pulse;
e) initiating in said first transponder an RF response having a selected duration;
f) sensing in said first transponder RF signals from said second transponder; and
g) modifying the duration of said RF response in said first transponder upon detection of said RF signals from said second transponder.
2. The method of claim 1 and further comprising the step of receiving said RF response by said interrogator and analyzing the duration thereof to determine if both of said first and second transponders are within proximity of said interrogator.
3. The method of claim 2 and further comprising the step of selectively addressing by said interrogator one of said first and second transponders.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein said first transponder is a half-duplex transponder.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein said second transponder is a half-duplex transponder.
6. The method of claim 4 wherein said second transponder is a full-duplex transponder.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein said first transponder has a resonant circuit for receiving said RF interrogation pulse and for establishing an oscillation in said resonant circuit in response to said RF interrogation.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein said sensing in said first transponder of said RF signals from said second transponder is accomplished by sensing destructive interference between said oscillation established in the resonant circuit of said first transponder and RF signals from said second transponder.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein said duration is selected by a counter that counts up to a pre-selected number of oscillations in said resonator.
10. A method for interrogating remote transponders, said method comprising the steps of:
a) sending an RF interrogation pulse from an interrogator;
b) providing a first and a second transponder in proximity to said interrogator, each of said first and second transponder having a resonant circuit comprising the parallel combination of a coil and a capacitor;
c) receiving by the coil of each of said transponders said RF interrogation pulse;
d) establishing in said resonant circuit of each of said transponders an oscillation, said oscillation being established by the coupling of signal energy from said RF interrogation pulse into said resonant circuit;
e) terminating said RF interrogation pulse from said interrogator;
f) sensing in said first transponder termination of said RF interrogation pulse;
g) initiating in said first transponder an RF response having a selected duration;
h) sensing destructive interference between said oscillation established in the resonant circuit of said first transponder and RF signals from said second transponder;
i) modifying the duration of said RF response in said first transponder; and
j) receiving said RF response by said interrogator and analyzing the duration thereof to determine said first and second transponders are within proximity of said interrogator.
11. An arrangement for interrogating remote transponders, said arrangement comprising:
a) an interrogator, said interrogator operable to send an RF interrogation pulse and to receive an RF response;
b) a first and a second transponder in proximity to said interrogator, at least said first transponder having a resonant circuit, said resonant circuit operable to receive said RF interrogations from said interrogator and to establish an oscillation therein from the signal energy within said RF interrogation pulse;
c) a transponder end-of-burst detector in electrical communication with said resonant circuit for detecting the end of the RF interrogation pulse;
d) a transponder transmitter in electrical communication with said end-of-burst detector for transmitting an RF response to said RF interrogator;
e) a transponder counter for determining when the response message from said transponder is complete and for disabling said transmitter; and
f) a response signal detector in said transponder for detecting responses from adjacent transponders and resetting said transponder counter.
12. The arrangement of claim 11 wherein said transponder end-of-burst detector and said transponder transmitter have intervening control circuitry for control thereof.
13. The arrangement of claim 11 wherein said interrogator has an antenna for receiving said RF responses.
14. The arrangement of claim 13 wherein said interrogator further comprises a "read" circuit in electrical communication with said antenna for detecting valid data returned from said transponders.
15. The arrangement of claim 14 wherein said interrogator further comprises a timer circuit in electrical communication with said antenna for measuring the duration of said RF response from said first transponder.
16. The arrangement of claim 15 wherein said interrogator further comprises a decoder in electrical communication with said "read" circuitry and with said timer circuit.
The following coassigned patents are hereby incorporated herein by reference:
______________________________________Pat No. Filing Date TI Case No.______________________________________5,053,774 2/13/91 TI-12797A07/981,635 11/25/92 TI-16688______________________________________
1. Field of the Invention
This invention generally relates to a method for detecting adjacent transponders.
2. Background of the Invention
There is a great need for devices or apparatuses which make it possible to identify or detect as regards their presence at a predetermined location objects which are provided with such devices or apparatuses in contactless manner and over a certain distance. An additional need exists to be able to determine if two or more transponders are adjacent to each other.
The preferred embodiment of the present invention detects the presence of adjacent transponders by measuring the duration of the response signal from the transponders. In the embodiments described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,053,774 and patent application Ser. No. 07/981,635, both assigned to Texas Instruments by Josef H. Schuermann, the normal period for response to an RF interrogation is approximately 20 ms during which the transponder is normally operable to provide a 128 bit response message. After this 20 ms time period, the output of the transponder is squelched. The squelching of the response signal is accomplished by a transponder timer, which is triggered by the end-of-burst (when the exciter signal has ceased). The timer counts up to 128 (bits) and then discharges the transponder charge capacitor.
The present invention is the first to utilize the coupling between adjacent transponders in order to determine whether two or more transponders are adjacent. When two transponders are adjacent, they both are charged up and respond individually to an RF interrogation. Thus, when one transponder sends a response signal, its field strength radiates into the other transponder. This radiated signal will interfere with the oscillation that is being maintained in the other transponder's resonant circuit. The interference from the cross-coupled responses will cause a beat in the resonant circuit of each of the transponders. This "beat" is analogous to the phenomenon heard by musicians when tuning two instruments that are out of tune. Because the instruments have different frequencies, a time-variant pattern of constructive interference (where the acoustic signals are in phase and increase the sound intensity) and destructive interference (where the acoustic signals are 180� degrees out of phase and decrease the sound intensity) can be heard. This time-variant pattern is referred to as a "beat."
This beat effect can occur in both transponders. Periods of destructive interference simulates for either transponder the end-of-burst effect, causing the timer to repeatedly reset (because any end-of-burst will reset the timer). Resetting the timer opens a new 128 msec window for the logic and transponder to transmit a data signal. Therefore the transponder's discharge function is repeatedly disabled by this beat effect and the transponder transmits until the charge capacitor is fully discharged.
A beat effect can also occur between the preferred embodiment transponder and other transponders, such as those made by manufacturers other than the assignee of the current invention. Interference from another type of transponder will still cause a beat in the resonant circuit and repeated resetting of the timer.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a block circuit diagram of a preferred interrogator and base unit;
FIG. 2 is a block circuit diagram of a preferred transponder;
FIG. 3 is a more general block diagram of the preferred arrangement showing its most salient features; and
FIG. 4 shows signal waveform graphs for antenna signals for a normal transponder response with no interfering adjacent transponders and for a transponder response with another transponder located in close proximity.
Corresponding numerals and symbols in the different figures refer to corresponding parts unless otherwise indicated.
In reference to FIG. 1, the transponder arrangement to be described includes an interrogator 10 and a transponder 12. The interrogator 10 is preferably constructed to be held in the hand of an operator and to transmit a RF interrogation pulse on actuation of a key 14. This interrogator 10 also has the capacity of receiving RF signals and detecting information contained in the signals. The RF signals come from the transponder 12 which according to this embodiment replies to the transmission of a RF interrogation pulse by sending back the RF signal having preferably the same frequency as the interrogation pulse. Preferably the RF signal is modulated with data by the transponder 12 using frequency shift keying (FSK) modulation. Associated with the interrogator 10 is a base unit 16 which is constructed as a stationary unit. The functions of the interrogator 10, the transponder 12 and base unit 16 and their interaction will be described in more detail hereinafter. Firstly, the makeup of these units will be explained.
The interrogator 10 contains as central control unit a microprocessor 18 which is responsible for the control of the function sequences. A RF oscillator 20 generates RF oscillations as soon as it has been set in operation by a signal at the output 22 of the microprocessor 18. The output signal of the RF oscillator 20 can be supplied either via a switch 24 and an amplifier 26 or via a switch 28 and an amplifier 30 to a coupling coil 32. The switches 24 and 28 are controlled by the microprocessor with the aid of signals emitted at its outputs 34 and 36 respectively. Coupled to the coupling coil 32 is a coil 38 of a resonant circuit which consists of the coil 38 and the capacitor 40. In series with the coil 38 and the capacitor 40 is a resistor 44 bridgeable by a switch 42 and a further switch 46 lies between the resistor 44 and ground. The switches 42 and 46 are controlled by the microprocessor which emits at its outputs 48 and 50 corresponding control signals. When the switch 46 is closed the resonant circuit comprising the coil 38 and capacitor 40 acts as parallel resonant circuit whilst when the switch 46 is open it acts as series resonant circuit. The coil 38 acts as transmitting and receiving coil which transmits the RF interrogation pulse supplied to it by the oscillator 20 and receives the RF signal sent back by the transponder 12.
The RF signals received by the resonant circuit are supplied to two amplifiers 52, 54 which are so designed that they amplify the RF signals received and limit them for pulse shaping. Connected to the amplifiers is a parallel resonant circuit 56 which ensures the necessary reception selectivity. The output of the amplifier 54 is connected to a clock generator 58 which from the signal supplied thereto generates a clock signal and supplies the latter to the input 60 of the microprocessor 18.
In addition, the output signal of the amplifier 54 is supplied to a demodulator 62 which demodulates the signal applied thereto and supplies it to the input 64 of the microprocessor 18.
The information contained in the received RF signal is supplied after the demodulation in the demodulator 62 via the microprocessor 18 to a random access memory 66 so that it can be stored in the latter. Between the microprocessor 18 and the random access memory 66, a bi-directional connection 68 is disposed which makes it possible to enter information from the microprocessor 18 into the random access memory 66 and also to transfer information in the opposite direction. The information stored in the random access memory 66 can be taken off at a jack 70.
A display unit 72 fed by the microprocessor 18 makes it possible for the operator to view the data contained in the RF signal received.
Since the interrogator 10 is a portable device, a rechargeable battery 74 is provided as a power supply. The output voltage of the battery 74 is supplied after closing a switch 76 to the terminals designated by "+" of selected chips in the interrogator 10. The supply voltage is however supplied to the two amplifiers 52, 54, the clock generator 58 and the demodulator 62 via a separate switch 78 which is controlled by the microprocessor 18. This makes it possible for those circuit elements to be supplied with voltage and thus active only during a predetermined period of time within the total operating cycle.
The battery 74 can be charged by a voltage induced in a coil 80, rectified in a rectifier 82 and smoothed by means of a capacitor 84. Preferably, the voltage is induced in coil 80 via a coil 112 in the base unit 16. A charge sensor 86 detects when a charge voltage is induced in the coil 80, i.e. a charging operation of the battery 74 is taking place. It then emits to the input 88 of the microprocessor 18 a corresponding message signal.
A further switch 90, controlled by means of a signal from the output 92 of the microprocessor 18, can in the closed state supply the output signals of the RF oscillator 20 via an amplifier 94 to-a coupling coil 96. The switch 90 is typically used to activate the sending of a RF interrogation pulse to a transponder 12 to initiate a data transfer to or from the transponder 12.
With the aid of a modulator 98 the RF oscillator 20 can be modulated. The modulation signal necessary for this purpose is supplied to the modulator 98 by the microprocessor 18 via a switch 100 which is controlled by means of a signal from the output 102 of the microprocessor. The modulation signal from the microprocessor 18 is supplied when the switch 100 is closed also to a coupling coil 104.
The base unit 16 also illustrated in FIG. I is a stationary unit which is connected via a jack 106 to the mains supply network. In a power supply 108 the operating voltage for a charging voltage generator 110 is generated, the output signal of which is supplied to a coil 112. A switch 114 is inserted between the power supply 108 and the charge voltage generator 110. The switch 114 is closed whenever the interrogator 10 is placed on the base unit 16. This is shown in FIG. I symbolically by a sort of actuating button 116 at the boundary line of the interrogator 10. The coils 112 and 80 are arranged in the base unit and interrogator 10 spatially in such a manner that they cooperate like the primary winding and secondary winding of a transformer when the interrogator 10 is placed on the base unit 16. In this manner the battery 74 can be charged contactless as often as required. The coils 96 and 104 in the interrogator 10 are so arranged that they are spatially very close to a coil 118 when the interrogator 10 is placed on the base unit 16. In this manner a contactless signal transmission between the coil 96 and the coil 104 on the one hand and the coil 118 on the other is possible. A demodulator 120 serves to demodulate the signals coming from the coil 118.
The preferred embodiment transponder 12 illustrated in FIG. 2 contains for reception of the RF interrogation pulse a parallel resonant circuit 130 having a coil 112 and a capacitor 134. Connected to the parallel resonant circuit 130 is a capacitor 136 serving as energy accumulator. In addition the parallel resonant circuit 130 is connected to a RF bus 138. The resonant circuit 130 acts as a receiver and as a transmitter as is well known in the art. A clock regenerator circuit receives the RF signal from the RF bus 138 and regenerates a clock signal 139 having a substantially square waveform. An end of burst detector 142 connected to the RF bus 138 has the function of monitoring the power level of a RF carrier at the RF bus 138. Such a RF carrier occurs at the RF bus 138 whenever the parallel resonant circuit 130 receives a RF interrogation pulse from the interrogator 10. The end of burst detector 142 emits at its output a RF threshold signal of predetermined value as soon as the power level of the RF carrier at the RF bus 138 drops below a predetermined threshold value. By connecting a diode 144 to the RF bus 138, the RF carrier is rectified and as a result the capacitor 136 is charged. The energy stored in capacitor 136 is proportional to the energy contained in the RF interrogation pulse. Thus, after reception of the RF interrogation pulse a DC voltage can be taken off at the capacitor 136. A zener diode function 146 connected to the capacitor 136 ensures that the DC voltage which can be tapped off does not exceed a value defined by the zener voltage of the diode 146 in practical implementations such as within an integrated circuit, the zener diode function 146 might be accomplished by a number of circuits well known in the art for limiting voltage. A zener diode function 146 serves a similar function to prevent the voltage on the RF bus 138 from becoming too great. Initially upon interrogation of the transponder 12 the interrogator 18 sends a RF signal to the transponder for the express purpose of charging the transponder 12. This is referred to as the charge phase.
A Power-On-Reset(POR, not shown) circuit provides a POR signal to a start detect circuit 154. This POR circuit monitors the Vcc level and is activated when the Vcc level rises from a level below a certain DC threshold to a level above a certain DC threshold. Typically, the POR signal occurs within the charge phase of the transponder. POR circuits are well known in the art, indeed they are commonly used in almost all of the class of circuits known as "state machines" so that the circuits may be initialized to a known state. The start detect circuit 154 upon receiving the POR signal will then monitor the output 150 of end of burst detection circuit 142. At output 150 is provided an end of burst signal (EOB). Upon receipt of an affirmatively stated EOB subsequent to the affirmatively stated Power-On-Reset signal, start detect circuit 1,54 switches power to the clock regenerator circuit 140 via switch 156. Clock regenerator circuit 140 preferably will clean up the signal from resonant circuit 130 and provide a regenerated RF clock which is preferably a square wave. Output of start detect circuit 154 will remain positively asserted until a subsequent POP, is received. All parts of the transponder other than the clock regenerator 140 are continuously supplied with Vcc, but preferably consume a negligible amount of power in their inactive states (i.e. when the clock regenerator 140 is inactive) due to the utilization of low power CMOS technology.
With further reference to FIG. 2, a divider 158 receives clock signal 139 and divides its frequency, preferably by a factor of eight. A pluck circuit 192 preferably sends a momentary pulse each time it is so triggered by the divided clock signal as received from divider 158. This pluck circuit 192 maintains the oscillation of resonant circuit 130 by momentarily rendering field-effect transistor or FET 190 conductive and forming therethrough a conductive path between the resonant circuit 130 and ground via RF bus 138 such that the resonant circuit gains electrical energy from storage capacitor 136. This pluck circuit 192 is figuratively named to describe the maintaining of the oscillation of resonant circuit 130 much like the plucking of a guitar string maintains the oscillation of the guitar string. While this "plucking" action will momentarily lower the voltage on RF bus 138 the duration of the pulse is not sufficient given the channel resistance of FET 190 to lower the voltage below the threshold to trigger the end of burst detection circuit 142 to activate. A second divider 160 divides the clock signal 139 again by a factor of two such that the clock frequency at the output of divider 160 is 1/16 the original clock frequency.
Still referring to FIG. 2, the read circuitry for the preferred embodiment will now be described. Connected to the output of second divider 160 is the shift clock input 176 of an output shift register 172 such that data is shifted through this register 172 at 1/16 the original clock frequency. Output shift register 172 receives a parallel load from memory 168 or another source via data bus 220 upon receipt at its shift/load-- input 174 of a "load-- " signal from the output of start detect circuit 154. Subsequent to loading of the output shift register 172 the signal from start detect circuit 154 is asserted positively and hence a "shift" signal is received at the shift/load13 input 174 of register 172. While the "shift" signal is positively asserted data will be shifted through output shift register at 1/16 the original clock frequency due to the clock signal received at the shift clock input 176. As shown in the figure, the data recirculates through the output shift register 172 via the data path 182 and also feeds the gate of FET or modulator 200 via data path 182. The output shift register data are preferably low for a certain time (Pre-Bit-Time) and high or low dependent upon the data loaded therein. The Pre-Bit-Time is used in this embodiment to allow the interrogator receiver coil 38 time to recover from power burst overload (Charge Phase) and it is used to discriminate the read function from the write function as will be described below. While the output of output shift register 172 is low then the FET 200 is not conducting. While the output of output shift register 172 is high FET 200 conducts, thereby connecting capacitor 198 to the resonant circuit 130 and lowering the resonant frequency thereof. Essentially, the FET 200 acts as a switch under control of output shift register 172, connecting or leaving unconnected capacitor 198, which modulates the frequency of the resonant circuit 130. In this manner a frequency modulation of the resonant or carrier frequency of resonant circuit 130 is accomplished in response to the data applied to FET 200. A low or "zero" signal is represented when the original resonant frequency of the resonant circuit 130 is maintained throughout a bit period. A high or "one" signal is represented when the new resonant frequency of the parallel combination of original resonant circuit 130 in parallel with capacitor 198 occurs within a bit period.
With still further reference to FIG. 2, the operation of a discharge logic circuit will now be described. A timer 184 receives at its input 186 the output of divider 160 and divides the clock signal by yet another factor of 128. The division factor of timer 184 is 128 in this instance due to the preferred data transmission bit length of 128. If this bit length were to change, then the division factor of timer 184 would preferably change correspondingly. A diode 210 maintains unidirectional current flow from the timer 184 into a parallel RC combination of a capacitor 212 and a resistor 214 which maintain charge on the gate of a field-effect transistor or FET 216 for a known duration. With the diode 210 the capacitor 212 may be charged by timer 184 but must be discharged through resistor 214. The FET 216 serves to provide, when the gate of FET 216 maintained above a threshold voltage by the parallel combination of resistor 214 and capacitor 216, a low impedance discharge path for storage capacitor 136 to ground. In this manner, after transmission of a complete data frame in this case of 128 bits (read phase) from the transponder 12 to the interrogator 10, the remaining energy in the transponder 12 is eliminated by a short circuit across the charge capacitor 136. This action secures that the transponder is correctly initiated during the next charge phase and does not rest in a undefined or incorrect state such that a subsequent charge-up could be blocked. Additionally by this function, each transponder 12 within the field of the interrogator 10 has an identical start condition.
Still referring to the circuitry of transponder 12 as shown in FIG. 2, the circuitry with which data may be written into transponder 12 (the write function) will now be described. In a preferred embodiment of the invention the interrogator 10 may pulse pause modulate (PPM) the RF interrogation pulse as shown in FIG. 4. This signal is reflected on RF bus 138. As is well known in the art, a pulse pause modulation system operates by alternatively activating and deactivating a carrier wave. During the time period in which the carder is deactivated, the end of burst detector 142 senses a decrease in RF energy and is activated. After the start detect circuit 154 is enabled by the POR signal, the start detect circuit 1,54 is then activated by the first EOB signal caused by the Start Bit (see FIG. 4). Although a Start Bit is used in this preferred embodiment due to the fact that each data bit status is transmitted by the presence or absence of a carrier wave off phase as will be further described. Other embodiments are possible, however, in which no Start Bit needs to be transmitted. The duration of the time period in which the carrier is deactivated, known as the "off" phase, is shorter than the Pre-Bit-Time of the read phase. This particular requirement is used within this embodiment due to the fact that during the off phase, the output shift register 172 will start to shift. But since the Pre-Bit-Time is greater than the off phase the output shift register is unsuccessful in shifting anything but zeros out, so in fact FET 198 is never activated and inverted and no unwanted modulation of the carrier 138 will occur. The EOB signal is then deactivated when the carrier returns. The activations and deactivations of the EOB signal serve to provide a data stream to the data input 226 input of input shift register 228. Regardless of the transitions of EOB start detect circuit 154 maintains its output active until a new POR signal is received, thus maintaining power to clock regenerator circuit 140 via switch 156.
A fourth divider 162 is provided receive the clock signal from second divider 160 and the divide clock signal again by 16 in order to supply the clock input 227 of the input shift register 228 with an Input Clock signal. In the preferred embodiment, then, the write data rate is 1/256 of the resonant frequency or receive clock frequency. Provision must be made that the data is shifted into the input shift register 228 while the data is stable. This can be assured in the following manner. The fourth divider 162 is activated by the start detect circuit 154 via AND gate 155. Each consecutive "zero" bit or "low" bit received by end of burst detection circuit 142 positively asserts the output 150 of the burst detection circuit. The positively asserted signal is then received the negative logic input of AND gate 155. The negative logic input is indicated by a "bubble" at the input of AND gate 155 as is well known in the art. By definition of the AND function the output of AND gate 155 will then be negatively asserted, thereby clearing the fourth divider 162 and synchronizing the Input Clock to the Input Data.
End detection circuit 234 detects the end of a data frame if a certain bit combination is in the input shift register 228 and thereupon activates the programming logic 232 if a programming command has been previously received by command decoder 230. The data is then transferred from input shift register 228 to memory 168 or another memory via parallel data bus 220. Preferably, the memory to which the data is transferred is an electrically-erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM).
End of burst detector 142 is generally acting in the capacity of a pulse pause modulation (PPM) demodulator. Many other modulations schemes are known in the art for radio communication and instead of the end of burst detector, another demodulator might be used for another of such schemes.
Provision is also made in this preferred embodiment to initiate a test sequence via test logic 236. Test logic 236 receives signals from command decoder 230 and data from data bus 220 and may initiate numerous test routines such as are commonly implemented in the field of logic circuit design. The results of these test routines may be placed on data bus 220 and output by shift register 172 to the modulation circuitry via field-effect transistor 200.
A programmable tuning network 238 is provided in the preferred embodiment of the present invention. This programmable tuning network 238 operates by switching a network of parallel capacitors 240, each capacitor 240 being connected through a field-effect transistor or FET 242 to ground. Each field-effect transistor is connected to a latch 244 which receives and latches data from the memory 168 or from command decoder 230 via data bus 220 under control of a latch signal 246 from the command decoder 230. By switching a field-effect transistor 242 to a conducting "ON" state, it,s associated capacitor 240 is connected in parallel with parallel resonant circuit 130. This added capacitance will lower the resonant frequency of the parallel resonant circuit 130. By switching a field-effect transistor 242 to a non-conducting "OFF" state, its associated capacitor 240 is floating and has no effect on the parallel resonant circuit 130. A network 238 of FET/capacitor pairs 240,242 can provide many different values of added capacitances depending on the combinations of each capacitor's 240 relative value as is well known in the art. Alternatively, latch 244 could be a one-time-programmable (OTP) memory such that the data is fixedly stored therein and the device may be permanently programmed to set the value of programmable tuning network 238.
The factors of the dividers disclosed in the embodiments listed herein are chosen to fit the particulars of each design. The division factors should be selected in each case to most optimally perform the task for which hey were designed.
With reference to FIG. 3 in conjunction with FIGS. 1-2, it will be assumed that within the range of the coil 38 transmitting the RF interrogation pulse at least two transponders 12, 12a are present. Power/Xmit circuitry 300 is provided to drive the coil 38. As an alternative configuration, a separate antenna 39 might be provided as the "send" antenna, while the coil 38 could be used as the "receive" antenna 38. Preferably, however, coil 38 would act as both "send" and "receive" antenna. Power/xmit circuitry 300 might preferably comprise the oscillator 20 and the amplifier 26 of the preferred embodiment interrogator 10 of FIG. 1. The coil 132 of the parallel resonant circuit 130 (FIG. 2) of the transponder 12, 12a then receives this RF interrogation pulse so that the resonant circuit 130 is stimulated to oscillate. By means of the rectifier diode 144 the RF oscillation at the portion 138a of the RF bus 138 is rectified and the capacitor 136 is charged with direct current. For the energy supply of transponders 12, 12a thereafter, only the energy stored in the capacitor 136 is used. A "read" circuit 302 is then provided to receive the transponder response. The "read" circuit 302 preferably comprises the clock generator 58 which could also provide a carrier detect (CD) signal to the microprocessor, or the microprocessor 18 might interpret the absence or presence of a clock signal to be the carrier detect. A timer 304 would preferably be provided within the microprocessor 18 of the interrogator 10. The timer 304 would then measure the duration of the presence of a clock signal. Given the data signal from the "read" circuit 302 and the timer 304 output, it would be possible for the decoder 306 to determine if: a) a good read occurred in which the data was valid and CD<=20 ms; b) no read occurred such that CD was not detected; and c) CD>=20 ms, therefore more than two transponders are present in proximity to the interrogator. The functions of decoder 306 preferably reside within microprocessor 18 of the preferred interrogator 10.
With reference now to FIG. 4, with the termination of the reception of the RF interrogation pulse, the RF level at the RF bus 138 begins to drop. The end-of-burst detector 142 detects this decrease and at its output 150 emits a EOB signal of predetermined value as soon as the power level drops below a predetermined level. The timer 184 is reset by EOB.
After termination of the excitation pulse at the output of the pluck circuit 192 the field-effect transistor 190 is rendered nonconductive so that no more current can flow through the coil 132. Since however the parallel resonant circuit 130 has a high quality, the RF carrier oscillation does not cease immediately but the resonant circuit continues to oscillate with a damped oscillation. The divider 158, dividing the frequency of the RF carrier wave by two, emits after the second oscillation period a signal to the monoflop 192 which is thereby triggered. The monofiop 192, for the duration of its hold time, applies a maintenance pulse to the field-effect transistor 190. By the maintenance pulse from the pluck circuit 192, for the duration of the hold time, a current flow is caused through the coil 132 and this means that for a short time energy is "pumped" into the RF carrier wave generator. This pumping effect occurs after every nth oscillation period of the RF carrier wave, due to the use of the divider 158.
It will be assumed that data are fixedly stored in the memory 168 and the data are uniquely assigned to the transponders 12, 12a. The data may for example consist of 128 bits. With the timing of the clock signals applied to the clock input 176 the information present in the memory 168 is transferred to the output shift register 172. For this transfer operation, 128 pulses are required because then all the 128 data bits of the information are contained in the shift register 172. By also counting the clock pulses, the timer 184 determines when the transfer of the data is completed. After receiving 128 pulses, the timer 184 emits at its output 188 a signal to the FET 216 through diode 210. The division factor of timer 184 is 128 in this instance due to the preferred data transmission bit length of 128. If this bit length were to change, then the division factor of third timer 184 would preferably change correspondingly. A diode 210 maintains unidirectional current flow from the timer 184 into a parallel RC combination of a capacitor 212 and a resistor 214 which maintain charge on the gate of a field-effect transistor or FET 216 for a known duration. With the diode 210 the capacitor 212 may be charged by timer 184, but must be discharged through resistor 214. The FET 216 serves to provide, when the gate of FET 216 maintained above a threshold voltage by the parallel combination of resistor 214 and capacitor 216, a low impedance discharge path for storage capacitor 136 to ground. In this manner, after transmission of a complete data frame in this case of 128 bits (read phase) from the transponder 12 to the interrogator 10, the remaining energy in the transponder 12 is normally eliminated by a short circuit across the charge capacitor 136. This action secures that the transponder is correctly initiated during the next charge phase and does not rest in a undefined or incorrect state such that a subsequent charge-up could be blocked.
In the instance when two or more transponders 12, 12a lie adjacently, it is desirable for the interrogator 10 to detect such a condition to avoid considering the interfering signals from the transponder 12, 12a as valid data. By making use of the consequence of cross-coupling between adjacent transponders 12, 12a the interrogator 10 can sense the presence of adjacent transponders 12, 12a. If such a condition is detected, the interrogator 10 can then take such action as a more rigorous or selective addressing of the transponders 12, 12a or notification of the user. For the case with the two adjacent transponders 12, 12a, both are charged up and respond individually so as one transponder 12 answers, its field strength radiates into the other transponder 12a because of the close coupling between them. This close coupling will cause a "beat" in each of the transponder's resonant circuits 130 because their frequencies differ slightly. This "beat" during periods of destructive interference (e.g. the signal in the resonant circuit 130 of one transponder 12 perhaps 180� degrees out of phase with the coupled signal from the other transponder 12a) will cause the end-of-burst detector 142 to reset the timer 184. Resetting the timer 184 opens a new 128 bit window for the response. This will continuously happen in each transponder 12, 12a. Thus, instead of the signal oscillation energy in the resonant circuit 130 being damped after 20 ms, the natural oscillation is allowed to die out with the normal parasitic damping effects. In practical examples, this new time period is approximately 40 ms.
It can be further determined if there is another type of transponder, that is to say, not the type of transponder described herein as the preferred embodiment, adjacent to the preferred transponder 12. In such a case, because the other transponders have more losses (e.g. operate with lower Q-factors and consume more energy during the function from the preferred transponder 12), the transponder 12 delivers more energy from its own oscillation to the adjacent transponder and is faster discharged. Thus, in a practical example, the transponder may now discharge in about 30 ms instead of 40 ms. In either case, the discharge period is greater than the 20 ms, had the oscillation been damped as for a normal interrogation cycle.
A few preferred embodiments have been described in detail hereinabove. It is to be understood that the scope of the invention also comprehends embodiments different from those described, yet within the scope of the claims.
For example, "microcomputer" is used in some contexts to mean that microcomputer requires a memory and "microprocessor" does not. The usage herein is that these terms can also be synonymous and refer to equivalent things. The phrase "processing circuitry" or "control circuitry" comprehends ASICs (application specific integrated circuits), PAL (programmable array logic), PLAs (programmable logic arrays), decoders, memories, non-software based processors, or other circuitry, or digital computers including microprocessors and microcomputers of any architecture, or combinations thereof. Memory devices include SRAM (static random access memory), DRAM (dynamic random access memory), pseudo-static RAM, latches, EEPROM (electrically-erasable programmable read-only memory), EPROM (erasable programmable read-only memory), registers, or any other memory device known in the art. Words of inclusion are to be interpreted as nonexhaustive in considering the scope of the invention.
Implementation is contemplated in full-duplex transponder arrangements or half-duplex transponder arrangements. Frequency shift keying (FSK) modulation is envisioned as a possible data modulation scheme, as well as pulse-pause modulation, amplitude shift keying (ASK), quadrature AM (QAM) modulation, quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), or any other modulation. Different types of multiplexing such as time or frequency modulation might be effected to avoid cross-signal interference. Implementation is contemplated in discrete components or fully integrated circuits in silicon, gallium arsenide, or other electronic materials families, as well as in optical-based or other technology-based forms and embodiments. It should be understood that various embodiments of the invention can employ or be embodied in hardware, software or microcoded firmware.
While this invention has been described with reference to illustrative embodiments, this description is not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Various modifications and combinations of the illustrative embodiments, as well as other embodiments of the invention, will be apparent to persons skilled in the art upon reference to the description. It is therefore intended that the appended claims encompass any such modifications or embodiments.
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