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1 Comorbidity in social anxiety disorder Lydia Fehm Hans-Ulrich Wittchen Formales: - keinen Fettdruck, kursiv als unterstrichen - alles 2-zeilig, auch Refs und Tables - Tables und Abb. ans Ende; im Text Position angeben; tables und figures in extra-file - Überschriften linksbündig, davor und danach eine Leerzeile - keine automatische Nummerierung - keine endnote-Funktion! - Refs mit konsekutiver Nummerierung (X) im Text; Refliste entsprechend - number the headings as I., A., 1., a. - Comorbidity 18 12 Fehm, Lydia, Dresden, Germany Other anxiety disorders, depression, Wittchen, H.U., Dresden, Germany alcohol and substance abuse, eating disorders, essential tremor… Dr. Lydia Fehm, Dipl.-Psych. Dresden University of Technology Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy Chemnitzer Str. 46 D - 01187 Dresden Phone: +49 - (0)351 - 463-36989 Fax: +49 - (0)351 - 463-36984 Email: email@example.com Prof. Dr. Hans-Ulrich Wittchen; Dipl.-Psych. Dresden University of Technology Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy Chemnitzer Str. 46 D - 01187 Dresden Phone: +49 - (0)351 - 463-36983 Fax: +49 - (0)351 - 463-36984 Email: firstname.lastname@example.com 2 I. Concepts and Definitions During the last two decades comorbidity of psychiatric disorders has gained increasing interest both on the scientific level as well as on the therapeutic. On a very broad level comorbidity can be defined as the co-occurrence of problems in a person. Having been poorly conceptualized and lacking clear definitions at first, there seems to be growing convergence in definitions and operationalizations of the term - at least there is convergence in the statement that a clear and differentiated definition is essential for yielding meaningful and interpretable results. Many sources of possibly influential factors have to be considered: 1) the unit in question: Does comorbidity relate to disorders according to a defined classification system (e.g. ICD-10 or DSM-IV) or subthreshold or other syndromes or symptoms? Are subtypes of diagnoses taken into consideration? When classification systems are used, which of the possible diagnoses are included, e.g. are only axis-I disorders included or is the focus extended to personality disorders and somatic disorders as well? Are hierarchical rules applied within the classification system? 2) time window: What is the time frame for stating co-occurrence, e.g. two weeks, two years or the whole lifespan? 3) assessment: How are the units in question determined, e.g. by loosely structured clinical diagnoses or by standardized diagnostic instruments? 4) methodological issues during statistical analyses and interpretation: What were the sampling procedures? Were differing base rates corrected? How were possible confounding factors be dealt with? Existing definitions of comorbidity differ in at least some of the issues described above: A first definition referred to treatment outcome of specific disease entities and follow-up studies (1). A focus on methodological aspects was laid in the definition of comorbidity as the relative risk for a person with one disorder to acquire another disorder (2). Burke et al. (3) provided an influential definition of comorbidity comprising a clear definition of the unit in 3 question, enlarging the time-frame to a possible lifetime perspective, but concretely defining the inspected interval for each statement. Accordingly, comorbidity is defined as "the presence of more than one specific disorder in a person in a defined period of time" (3). More recently even more detailed definitions emerged, e.g. by separating co-occurrence from lifetime comorbidity (4) or delimiting as much as four different forms of comorbidity (5). For the present contribution we will rely on the definition provided by Burke et al. (3). It should be noted that the definition does not provide an explanation for the pattern of co- occurrence. Three possible approaches can be differentiated: 1) Disorder X is an explicit cause for disorder Y, so disorder Y would be a direct consequence of disorder X. In the ongoing discussion of possible causal patterns of comorbidity this would be called the "splitters perspective" (e.g. (6). 2) Disorder X is an indirect cause for disorder Y, for example by lowering the threshold for disorder Y. 3) Disorder X as well as disorder Y are caused by a third common factor, e.g. a genetic vulnerability for XY-disorders. This variant is proposed with the "lumpers perspective" (see (6). To explore these patterns is a great challenge and it should also be noted that the three patterns are not exclusive but may also overlap or interact as well as that different causal patterns may be responsible during the course of the disorder (e.g onset versus fluctuations in symptomatology). In the present contribution we will first present cross-sectional results assessing lifetime comorbidity retrospectively. Few but very interesting studies using longitudinal designs allow to determine temporal patterns of comorbidity, which will be presented in section IV. In a last section we will discuss implications of comorbidity for the course of social anxiety disorder as well as for treatment outcome. 4 II. Cross-sectional designs Overall, comorbidity seems to be rather the rule than the exception - which is true not only for social anxiety disorder but also for the majority of other psychiatric disorders. For social anxiety disorder, epidemiological studies yield lifetime comorbidity rates with any other psychiatric disorder between 69% (7) and 81% (8). A primary care study provided comparable results (81%, (9)). Data drawn from clinical samples are hampered by a help- seeking bias, as it is well known that especially for social anxiety disorder patients comorbidity is a major cause for seeking professional help ((7), (10) . Three groups of disorders proved to be strongly associated with social anxiety disorder: other anxiety disorders, affective disorders and substance problems, which will be presented in the following. A. other anxiety disorders Epidemological studies find as much as about 50% of persons with social anxiety disorder reporting at least one other anxiety disorder (57%, (8); 50%, (11)). Much lower rates are reported for the ECA (9.1, (12)) and in the French primary care study (19.2, (13). On the level of single disorders, high comorbidity rates are reported for specific phobia ("Zürich Study": 50%, OR: 5.8, (14), (15); ECA: 60.8%, OR: 8.3, (16); ECA": 59.0%, OR: 9.2, (7); NCS: 37.6%; OR: 7.6, (8); EDSP: 43.6%; OR: 3.7, (11), as well as for agoraphobia ("Zürich Study": 29%, OR: 16.7, (15); ECA: 45%, OR: 6.3, (16); ECA2: 45%, OR: 11.8, (7); NCS: 23.3%, OR: 7.1, (8); "Bremer Jugendstudie": 23.5%, OR not reported, (17); EDSP: 8.8%, 5.5, (11)) and panic disorder ("Zürich study": 26.9%, OR: 3.1, (14); (15); ECA: 11.6%, OR: 10.6, (16), ECA2: 4.7%, OR: 3.2, (7); NCS: 10.9%, OR: 4.8, (8); EDSP: 6.2%, OR: 4.7, (11)). Somewhat lower rates are reported for generalized anxiety disorder (2 - 27%; (11), (8); 5 (16)), obessessive-compulsive disorder (2 - 19%; (11), (16), (7)), and post-traumatic stress disorder (5 - 16%; (11), (8); (16)). When differentiating between the generalized and non-generalized subtype of social anxiety disorder, it can be noted that the generalized subtype is characterized not only by higher degrees of impairment and higher help-seeking rates (18) but also by stronger comorbidity (19). B. Affective disorders Affective disorders are found to be the second most important group of comorbid disorders with a comorbidity rate of 41% (8) when social anxiety disorder is taken as the index disorder. When differentiating the respective single disorders, major depression and dysthymia exert a more prominent influence than disorders of the bipolar spectrum (e.g. 16.6% of all respondents having lifetime comorbid major depression, 12.5% comorbid dysthymia, but only 4.7% bipolar disorder (7), similar relations are reported within the NCS: 37.2% major depression, 14.6% dysthymia, 5.1% Mania (8); EDSP: 25.5% Major depression, 10.9% dysthymia (11); But also studies examining social anxiety disorder as comorbid condition within affective disorders point to social anxiety disorder as intimately associated especially with depression ((10),(20), (21), (22). As for other anxiety disorders pure speaking phobias, corresponding to the non-generalized subtype of social anxiety disorder, are associated with a significant lower risk for comorbidity ((18); (19)). C. alcohol and substance abuse 6 Alcohol and substance use problems have been idenitified as a third group of disorders frequently associated with social anxiety disorder. We will also include nicotine problems in this section, but most studies are available for alcohol problems. In epidemiological samples those reporting alcohol misuse or dependence at any time in their life add up to 12 to 28% ((23); (7); (16); (24); (8)). For illegal substances somewhat lower percentages are found ranging between 5 and 13% ((23), (7), (8)). As expected, in clinical samples associations between social anxiety disorder and alcohol dependence are even stronger, resulting in an average rate of 25% of patients with social anxiety disorder showing lifetime alcohol dependence (25). In contrast to anxiety and affective disorders the generalized and non-generalized subtype seem not to differ with regard to the degree of comorbidity with substance problems ((18); (19)). D. Eating disorders Eating disorders seem to deserve special interest, as among patients with eating disorders social anxiety disorder seems to be the most prevalent comorbid condition (e.g. 55% among patients with anorexia nervosa, 45 - 59% among bulimics, and 36.4% in obese binge eaters; (26, 27). Epidemiological studies point to other relations: In a representative sample of adolescents and young adults no significant relationship between social anxiety disorder and eating disorders could be established (OR=1.99; 95%CI=0.93-4.27; (11)). The "Zürich-Study" provided a similar association of social anxiety disorder and binge eating (OR = 2.8), but provided not confidence interval to judge statistical significance (15). E. bodydysmorphic disorder 7 Only recently attention was drawn to the relation of social anxiety disorder to body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) (e.g. (28), (29). BDD is a debilitation and chronic disorder characterized by imagined defect in appearance ((30, 31). Studies indicate a strong association of BDD and social anxiety disorder, with a prevalence of social anxiety disorder among BDD-subjects between 10 and 23% ((32); (29), (33)) and similarities to social anxiety disorder even on the level of information processing (34). Social anxiety disorder was shown to precede BDD in most to all cases (80% (35), 100% (33). F. Somatic disorders Only a fragmentary picture exists for the relation of social anxiety disorder and somatic disorders. Results from the ECA (16) revealed elevated risks of participants with social anxiety disorder for peptic ulcer disease (OR: 2.0, CI95%: 1.1 - 3.6) and neurological disorders (OR: 3.0, CI 95%: 1.1 - 13.8). It should be noted that no significant association emerged for the other eleven chronic medical conditions assessed in the study. As similar picture emerges within a more recent study in an representative adult sample in the community (YYFehm & Jacobi, unpublished data; for a description of the study see (36)). Table XX reveals significant associations of social anxiety disorder with ulcers, endocrine disorders and musculo-skeletal diseases. Whereas neurological disorders as a group showed no significant association with social anxiety disorder, Parkinson´s disease alone was significantly more prevalent in social anxiety disorder. It has to be noted that except for Parkinson´s disease these associations may not be specific pathological patterns for social anxiety disorder but may rather reflect a stronger association of mental and somatic problems also inherent in other psychiatric disorders Table XX 8 Comorbidity of social anxiety disorder and selected somatic disorders in a representative adult sample (12-month prevalence rate; N = 4170) Somatic disorder prevalence (%) OR CI 95% no SAD SAD Hypertension 13.1 11.0 .91 .43 - 1.90 Cardiac diseases, e.g. angina pectoris 2.95 1.24 .46 .10 - 2.21 cerebrovascular diseases, e.g. stroke 0.8 1.1 1.66 .21 - 13.13 chronic-obstructive pulmonal diseases, e.g. asthma 7.5 12.8 1.81 .93 - 3.53 ulcers, gastritis 7.5 15.7 2.24 ** 1.23 - 4.10 Endocrine disorders, e.g. thyroid gland disesase 11.3 23.1 2.05 ** 1.16 - 3.61 Metabolic syndromes, e.g. high cholesterol 14.5 20.7 1.93 .98 - 3.81 Neurological diseases, e.g. migraine 10.7 17.2 1.50 .85 - 2.65 Parkinson´s disease alone .07 .78 14.31 ** 1.07 - 191.44 Musculo-skeletal diseases, e.g. different forms of 26.3 33.9 1.81 ** 1.08 - 3.05 arthritis Allergies, e.g. hay fever, neurodermatitis 23.8 28.5 1.12 .68 - 1.84 Any somatic disorder 69.91 77.96 1.56 .83 - 2.94 Note. Abbreviations: SAD: Social Anxiety Disorder; OR: Odds Ratio; CI: Confidence Interval; **: p < .05 A detailed analysis was made exploring the relationship between social anxiety disorder and essential tremor, inspecting social anxiety disorder both preceding and following the onset of essential tremor (37). Whereas 21.6% of essential tremor cases had a lifetime diagnosis of social anxiety disorder, its onset occurred about as often before the onset of essential tremor as after it. Much higher rates of social anxiety disorder were found among patients with 9 spasmodic torticollis, characterized by intermittent or sustained deviations of the head and neck. As much as 41.3% of the patients with spasmodic torticollis also met criteria for current social anxiety disorder (38). The vast majority (80%) reported the onset of social anxiety disorder occurring after the onset of spasmodic torticollis. IV. temporal patterns of comorbidity When taking lifetime comorbidity as a basis, two stages of influence for comorbid disorders can be delimited within the developmental model of social anxiety disorder (see figure 1): -------------- please insert figure 1 about here ----------------- Pre-existing disorders may promote the development of social anxiety disorder at all as well as its onset and presentation. Comorbid disorders beginning after the onset of social anxiety disorder may influence the course of social anxiety disorder as well as presentation, general impairment and help-seeking behaviour. As a third variant of course the concurrence of the two disorders with or without a common etiological basis has to be considered. This possibility is limited by the temporal resolution used in the study: As normally age of onset is assessed in years, it is not possible to differentiate persons experiencing an onset of social anxiety disorder in January and an onset of depression in November from those in the reverse order. Some studies even use two years for assigning temporal co-occurrence (e.g. (39). Data point to the second of the three possibilities to be the most frequent form of co- occurrence: This is true for anxiety disorders ((7), (8), (40)), with the exception of specific phobia developing more often before the onset of social anxiety disorder than after it (41) as well as for depressive disorders (9); (42); (43); (7); (39); (10), (22)). Figure 2 shows results from selected studies depicting temporal relations between the onsets of social phobia and depression. 10 ---------------------- please insert figure 2 about here ------------------------ As can be seen, social anxiety disorder precedes depressive disorders as well dysthymia in the majority of cases, but which is not true for bipolar disorders. Most studies providing insight in temporal patterns rely on retrospective data, which may be object to recall biases. Only longitudinal studies allow to control those possible sources of error. One of those studies compared cases with social anxiety disorder without current or previous depression at baseline to persons with no mental disorders and found a significantly higher risk (OR = 3.5, CI95%: 2.0 - 6.0) for cases with social anxiety disorder to develop a depressive episode during the follow-up period of about for years (44). Persons with social anxiety disorder and depressive disorder at baseline were at a significantly higher risk for experiencing new depressive episodes or higher persistence of present episodes (OR = 2.3; CI 95%: 1.2 - 4.6). A prospective study examining the temporal pattern of social anxiety disorder and alcohol problems found no significantly higher risk for individuals with social anxiety disorder to develop alcohol abuse or dependence. But subthreshold social anxiety disorder lead to significantly increased risks to develop heavy drinking (OR: 2.41) as well as alcohol abuse/dependence (OR. 2.30; (12). This may point to alcohol as a means to cope with social situations which are already avoided by individuals with full-blown social anxiety disorder. In contrast to these findings in an adult sample, a prospective longitudinal study among adolescents and young adults identified social anxiety disorder at baseline as a significant predictor of regular as well as hazardous use of alcohol as well as of the persistence of already existing alcohol dependence (45). V: implications of comorbidity / prognostic issues 11 Comorbidity may influence the natural course of the disorder as well as help-seeking behaviour and treatment response. In epidemiological studies retrospectively assessing predictors of the course of social anxiety disorder comorbidity was associated with an unfavourable course of social anxiety disorder ((46); (16), whereas follow-up studies investigating treated patients could not affirm these relationships ((47); (48). In contrast, comorbidity exerts a major influence on help-seeking behaviour ((10); (49). The role of comorbidity for treatment response, in turn, has not been extensively researched. The level of pretreatment depression was identified as predictor for treatment outcome (50) as well as treatment groups with either comorbid anxiety or depressive disorders had higher post- treatment scores in impairment (51). But when considering the fact that comorbid individuals were more impaired already before treatment results inspecting differential treatment rates did not differ accordingly. 12 VI. References 1. Fenigstein AR. The pre-therapeutic classification of comorbidity in chronic disease. Journal of Chronic Diseases 1970;23:455-468. 2. Boyd JH, Burke JD, Gruenberg E, Holzer CE, Rae DS, George LK, et al. Exclusion criteria of DSM-III: a study of co-occurrence of hierarchy-free syndromes. Archives of General Psychiatry 1984;41:983-989. 3. Burke JD, Wittchen HU, Regier DA, Sartorius N. Extracting information from diagnostic interviews on co-occurrence of symptoms of anxiety and depression. In: Maser JD, Cloninger CR, editors. Comorbidity of Mood and Anxiety Disorders. Washington, D.C.: APP; 1990. p. 649-667. 4. Andrews G. Comorbidity and the general neurotic syndrome. British Journal of Psychiatry 1996;168(suppl. 30):76-84. 5. Vella G, Aragona M, Alliani D. The complexity of psychiatric comorbidity: A conceptual and methodological discussion. Psychopathology 2000;33:25-30. 6. Wittchen HU, Kessler RC, Pfister H, Lieb R. Why do people with anxiety disorders become depressed? A prospective-longitudinal community study. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 2000;102:14-23. 7. Schneier FR, Johnson J, Hornig CD, Liebowitz MR, Weissman MM. Social phobia. Comorbidity and morbidity in an epidemiologic sample. Archives of General Psychiatry 1992;49:282-288. 8. Magee WJ, Eaton WW, Wittchen HU, McGonagle KA, Kessler RC. Agoraphobia, simple phobia, and social phobia in the national comorbidity survey. Archives of General Psychiatry 1996;53:159-168. 9. Weiller E, Bisserbe J-C, Boyer P, Lépine JP, Lecrubier Y. Social phobia in general health care: an unrecognised untertreated disabling disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry 1996;168:169-174. 13 10. Kessler RC, Stang P, Wittchen H-U, Stein M, Walters EE. Lifetime co-morbidities between social phobia and mood disorders in the US National Comorbidity Survey. Psychological Medicine 1999;29:555-567. 11. Wittchen H-U, Stein MB, Kessler RC. Social fears and social phobia in a community sample of adolescents and young adults: prevalence, risk factors and co-morbidity. Psychological Medicine 1999;29:309-323. 12. Crum RM, Pratt LA. Risk of heavy drinking and alcohol use disorders in social phobia: a prospective analysis. American Journal of Psychiatry 2001;158:1693-1700. 13. Lecrubier Y. Comorbidity in Social Anxiety Disorder: Impact on Desease Burden and Management. Clinical Psychiatry 1998;59:33-37. 14. Degonda M, Angst J. The Zurich Study XX. Social phobia and agoraphobia. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 1993;243:95-102. 15. Angst J. Comorbidity of anxiety, phobia, compulsion and depression. International Clinical Psychopharmacology 1993;8:21-25. 16. Davidson JRT, Hughes DL, George LK, Blazer DG. The epidemiology of social phobia: findings from the Duke Epidemiological Catchment Area Study. Psychological Medicine 1993;23:709-718. 17. Essau CA, Conradt J, Petermann F. Frequency and comorbidity of social phobia and social fears in adolescents. Behaviour Research and Therapy 1999;37:831-843. 18. Kessler RC, Stein MB, Berglund P. Social phobia subtypes in the National Comorbidity Survey. American Journal of Psychiatry 1998;155(5):613-9. 19. Stein MB, Chavira DA. Subtypes of social phobia and comorbidity with depression and other anxiety disorders. Journal of Affective Disorders 1998;50:11-16. 20. Rihmer Z, Szadoczky E, Furedi J, Kiss K, Papp Z. Anxiety disorders comorbidity in bipolar I, bipolar II and unipolar major depression: results from a population-based study in Hungary. Journal of Affective Disorders 2001;67(1-3):175-179. 14 21. Zimmerman M, Chelminski I, McDermut W. Major depressive disorder and axis I diagnostic comorbidity. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 2002;63(3):187-193. 22. de Graaf R, Bijl RV, Spijker J, Beekmann ATF, Vollebergh WAM. Temporal sequencing of lifetime mood disorders in relation to comorbid anxiety and substance use disorders. Findings from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2003;38:1-11. 23. Regier DA, Farmer ME, Rae DS, Locke BZ, Keith SJ, Judd LL, et al. Comorbidity of Mental Disorders With Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse. JAMA 1990;264(19):2511-2518. 24. Himle JA, Hill EM. Alcohol abuse and the anxiety disorders: evidence from the Epidemiologic Catchment Area Survey. Journal of Anxiety Disorders 1991;5:237-245. 25. Lépine J-P, Pélissolo A. Social phobia and alcoholism: a complex relationship. Journal of Affective Disorders 1998;50:S23-S28. 26. Godart NT, Flament MF, Lecrubier Y, Jeammet P. Anxiety disorders in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: co-morbidity and chronology of appearance. Eur Psychiatry 2000;15:38-45. 27. Schwalberg MD, Barlow DH, Alger SA, Howard LJ. Comparison of bulimics, obese binge eaters, social phobics, and individuals with panic disorder on comorbidity across DSM- III-R anxiety disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 1992;101(4):675-681. 28. Schneier FR, Blanco C, Antia SX, Liebowitz MR. The social anxiety spectrum. Psychiatric Clinics of North America 2002;25(4):757-+. 29. Stangier U, Hungerbühler R, Meyer A, Wolter M. Diagnostische Erfassung der Körperdysmorphen Störung [Assessment of body dysmorphic disorder: a pilot study]. Nervenarzt 2000;71:876-884. 30. Philllips KA. Body dysmorphic disorder: the distress of imagined ugliness. American Journal of Psychiatry 1991;148:1138-1149. 15 31. Phillips KA. Body dysmorphic disorder: diagnosis and treatment of imagined ugliness. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 1996;57:61-65. 32. Brawman-Mintzer O, B. LR, Phillips KA, Morton A, Czepowicz V, Emmanuel N, et al. Body dysmorphic disorder in patients with anxiety disorders and major depression: a comorbidity study. American Journal of Psychiatry 1995;152(11):1665-1667. 33. Wilhelm S, Otto MW, Zucker BG, Pollack MH. Prevalence of body Dysmorphic Disorder in Patients with Anxiety Disorders. Journal of Anxiety Disorders 1997;11(5):499- 502. 34. Buhlmann U, McNally RJ, Wilhelm S, Florin I. Selective processing of emotional information in body dysmorphic disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders 2002;16(3):289-298. 35. Phillips KA, McElroy SL, Keck PE, Pope HG, Hudson JI. Body dysmorphic disorder: 30 cases of imagined ugliness. American Journal of Psychiatry 1993;150:302-308. 36. Jacobi F, Wittchen HU, Hölting C, Sommer S, Lieb R, Höfler M, et al. Estimating the prevalence of mental and somatic disorders in the community: aims and methods of the German National Health Interview and Examination Survey. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research 2002;11(1):1-18. 37. Schneier FR, Barnes LF, Albert SM, Louis ED. Characteristics of social phobia among persons with essential tremor. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 2001;62(5):367-72. 38. Gündel H, Wolf A, Xidara V, Busch R, Ceballos-Baumann AO. Social Phobia in spasmodic torticollis. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 2001;71:499-504. 39. Regier DA, Narrow WE, Kaelber CT, Schatzberg AF. Prevalence of anxiety disorders and their comorbidity with mood and addictive disorders. British Journal of Psychiatry 1998;173 (suppl. 34):24-28. 40. Faravelli C, Zucchi T, Viviani B, Salmoria R, Perone A, Paionni A, et al. Epidemiology of social phobia: a clinical approach. European Psychiatry 2000;15:17-24. 16 41. Merikangas KR, Angst J. Comorbidity and social phobia: evidence from clinical, epidemiologic, and genetic studies. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 1995;244:297-303. 42. Schatzberg AF, Samson JA, Rothschild AJ, Bond TC, Regier DA. McLean Hospital Depression Research Facillity: early-onset phobic disorders and adult-onset majo depression. British Journal of Psychiatry 1998;173 (suppl. 34):29-34. 43. Van Amerigen M, Mancini C, Styan G, Donison D. Relationships of social phobia withother psychiatric illness. Journal of Affective Disorders 1991;21:93-99. 44. Stein MB, Fuetsch M, Müller N, Höfler M, Lieb R, Wittchen HU. Social anxiety disorder and the risk of depression: A prospective community study of adolescents and young adults. Archives of General Psychiatry 2001;58:251-256. 45. Zimmermann P, Wittchen HU, Höfler M, Pfister H, Kessler RC, Lieb R. Primary anxiety disorders and the development of subsequent alcohol use disorders: A four-year community study of adolescents and young adults. in press. 46. DeWit DJ, Ogborne A, Offord DR, MacDonald K. Antecedents of the risk of recovery from DSM-III-R social phobia. Psychological Medicine 1999;29:569-582. 47. Reich J, Goldenberg I, Goisman RM, Vasile RG, Keller M. A prospective follow- along study of the course of social phobia. II. Testing for basic predictors of course. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 1994;182(5):297-301. 48. Last CG, Perrin S, Hersen M, Kazdin AE. A prospective study of childhood anxiety disorders. Journal of the American Academy for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 1996;35(11):1502-1510. 49. Lecrubier Y, Wittchen HU, Faravelli C, Bobes J, Patel A, Knapp M. A European perspective on social anxiety disorder. European Psychiatry 2000;15:5-16. 50. Chambless DJ, Tran GQ, Glass CR. Predictors of response to cognitive-behavioural group therapy for social phobia. Journal of Anxiety Disorders 1997;11:221-240. 17 51. Erwin BA, Heimberg RG, Juster H, Mindlin M. Comorbid anxiety and mood disorders among persons with social anxiety disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy 2002;40:19-35. percent M Figure 2 aj or M De aj p or re D ssi ep o re n: ss on D ion ly D ys : m 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Bi yst thy onl en Bi po hy m y w (22 po la m ia: o ) la r d ia o m fir r d iso : on nly en st iso rd ly m de rd er w en pr er : o om es : o nl e si nl y m n v y M d e e wo en aj e pi m M or D pre sod en aj e ss e M or D pre ion (9) aj e ss ( or p io 39 D res n ) ep s (4 re ion 2) ss (1 io 0 n ) (5 2) phobia and affective disorders Temporal patterns of comorbidity of social SP primary simulaneous SP secondary 18
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Tag:Free Agency
Posted on: July 7, 2010 3:24 pm
Edited on: July 7, 2010 4:40 pm
Signs pointing in the direction of NYC for LeBron
Let's take a small whirl around the churning LeBron rumor mill, shall we?
Phoenix Suns forward Jared Dudley tweeted at about 2:00 p.m. ET :
Breaking News!!! My sources tell me Lebron will announce that he will be goin to the NY Knicks tomorrow on ESPN.. This is serious.. WOW!!!! So there's that. Chad Ochocinco also tweeted a little before that a "hint" telling where LeBron was headed:
#OCNNBREAKINGNEWS *Empire State of Mind* *wink* *wink*only the smart folk will put this together and figure out what i am talking about #6 I think I can put that all together there, Ocho. Also, Alex Kennedy of HoopsWorld reported that LeBron is leaning New York . Earlier he wrote, "With a televised decision coming tomorrow night on ESPN, sources today continue to indicate that LeBron James is leaning toward New York." Newsday reported the location of LeBron's announcement will come from Greenwich, CT and as Brian Windhorst tweeted , though the location doesn't specifically mean anything, the whole thing still smells a little funny.
So there's more than one thing out there hinting that LeBron is leaning towards New York. But for whatever reason, it's just hard to imagine a guy planning a one-hour special just to rip the heart out of his hometown team. Doesn't that seem a little cruel? Or is that just me? LeBron is all about marketing himself and while this special certainly will have people talking, it just seems like bad PR to devastate your hometown. Now to do this TV thing and stay, well, that's good stuff. He's a hero.
So of course you start wondering if these rumors have been planted by LeBron's PR folks to stir up interest. I realize it's a little crazy to start looking at this as JFK II: The Free Agency Files, but I don't think I'd put it past anybody. If they'll go so far as to plan a one-hour announcement, I don't think it would be far-fetched to hype it up a bit. Frank Isola of the New York Daily News tweeted that the Knicks feel like it's Cleveland . So I guess in the end, nobody knows anything and we'll just have to wait until tomorrow. NBA free agency: A mystery wrapped in a riddle inside an enigma.
-Royce Young
Category: NBA
Tags: Cavaliers, Cleveland, Free Agency, Knicks, LeBron James, New York
Posted on: July 7, 2010 2:59 pm
Wade to Heat fans: "I'm back."
There are going to be heartbroken fans in free agency. It's part of the process. There are Knick fans who love David Lee, Jazz fans that love Carlos Boozer, even Milwaukee fans who love Luke Ridnour. Really. and Lee and Boozer may return to their home, just as LeBron James may come back to the loving arms of Cleveland. But someone is going to get hurt. It's part of sports.
It will not be Heat fans.
Dwyane Wade is coming back. And lost in the throes of glee that he's brining Chris Bosh (and possibly LeBron James?) with him is that Wade didn't abandon the team that drafted him (unlike Bosh...sorry Toronto). Wade was drafted by the Heat out of Marquette and immediately put the Heat on the map. They had been just years removed from playoff contention but had never made the Finals. Wade changed all that. And the first player to take you to the promised land is always special. Wade said all along that his heart was in Miami. Today he put his money where his mouth is.
Then he took to YouTube to share his decision with the fans. It's yet another example of how 2010 is the year of the athlete controlling the message :
-Matt Moore
Category: NBA
Posted on: July 7, 2010 2:01 pm
Edited on: July 7, 2010 2:11 pm
Bulls have moved on from the Big 3
Looks like Chicago, along with New Jersey and the Clippers, will be the big losers from this monstrous free agency period.
With Chris Bosh headed to Miami to join Dwyane Wade, and LeBron James apparently having narrowed his choices down between Cleveland and the Heat, the Bulls no longer look to be in contention to sign a free-agent. K.C. Johnson of the Chicago Tribune reports via Twitter that the Bulls have moved on from the Big 3 and will "turn their attention" towards other lesser free agents like Carlos Boozer and David Lee among others, as well as pursue trades.
It's going to be a disappointing year for Bulls fans who will wonder what could have been. Dwyane Wade said in an interview on ESPN's SportCenter that he thought heavily about Chicago and that it was a "very difficult " decision. But now the Bulls are moving on with the prospect of only adding a second-tier player to their roster. Granted, the Bulls are a team on the rise having made the playoffs the past two years with a new coach in Tom Thibodeau. But they could have been a favorite to win the title. They moved salary, cleared space specifically to land both James and another max free agent and they will miss on all of them. That's a pretty crushing blow to a franchise that legitimately seemed in the front of the pack going into last weekend.
There were signs, of course. Rumors that the Bulls had moved up their Saturday meeting with James to try and get him to commit to a deal before the end of the day. A risky proposition, and if the rumors were true, one that may have cost them. Bulls management has long thought to be too brusque, too bullish, and may not have put their best foot forward, even with a great market, the lure of playing in Jordan's town, and the best assembled roster of any of the suitors for the Big 3's services.
Losing Wade doubly hurts as his divorce settlement gave even more reason for him to sign with the hometown Bulls. But this is where they are, and they have to go forward.
Boozer and Lee are both good options, though Lee is likely a better value and does more of what they need without Boozer's considerable baggage. They're not elite, but they could help the Bulls to be a better team. At this point, the future of the Bulls will rest squarely on Derrick Rose's shoulders. The team can add other free agents to help out (a significant offer for sharpshooter Anthony Morrow would be a great start), but at the end of the day, Rose will have to ascend to superstardom in order for the Bulls to contend. This is especially taxing considering how the East is now shaping up, with the Celtics making at least one more run, Orlando with a strong core, the Cavaliers possibly returning most of their 60+ win team, and Miami coming on as a contender for the title.
The Bulls may have been the frontrunners at one point, and had a legit shot at returning to the top of the NBA empire. Now they're just another franchise trying to add pieces, fighting for their stake of the middle ground behind the elite, populated by the players they just missed out on.
-Matt Moore
Category: NBA
Posted on: July 7, 2010 1:58 pm
Edited on: July 7, 2010 2:17 pm
Durant just does it different, in a good way
They finished one and two in the MVP voting last season. They finished one and two in scoring. They're two of the game's biggest stars, captains of their teams and the faces of their franchises. Yet, I don't know if Kevin Durant and LeBron James could really be much more different.
One plans a one-hour TV special to tell people where he's going. The other quietly announces it on Twitter . Guess which one did which.
No lights. No cameras. No fanfare. Just a simple, humble announcement and a thank you. There's nothing necessarily wrong with the way LeBron is going about this, but there's certainly something refreshing in the way KD did.
I even love the fact that Durant had a typo in his tweet. It was genuine and we know it came from him. Some PR specialist didn't type that for him. He wrote it himself, and wrote it from the heart. Later, Durant followed up with this tweet :
First time i cried n a while..Seat Pleasant we #outchea , RIp Chucky, we doin wat we dreamed about..i swear i love all my bros!! yessir!!!
Seat Pleasant, Md. is his hometown. Chucky is for his AAU coach Charles Craig who was killed at the age of 35, which is the reason KD wears No. 35. Talk about keeping it all in perspective.
And not only that, but KD pledged his commitment to the Thunder by not insisting on a fourth-year opt-out clause. Most players take the opt-out. Heck, that's what LeBron is using right now to play this free agency game. But Durant felt compelled to show loyalty to the Thunder because they showed it to him when they arrived on his door a minute after the negotiation period began.
Read that again. Durant chose not to put a clause in his contract that would likely have made him more money down the road, because he wanted to show appreciation to his franchise. Are we still talking about professional sports here? I mean, this is almost unprecedented. But that's the thing, KD is different .
This is the guy that chose Nike over Adidas even though Adidas offered more money because he'd always worn Nike's growing up and he said they just fit better. We're talking about a guy that used to work the scorer's table at UT during intramural games . We're talking about a guy that attends his team's draft in New York City just to show support. We talking about a guy that watches from the bench at summer league. Summer. League. Yesterday, OKC capped a 10-2 run to take the lead against Charlotte. The first off the bench giving high fives? Kevin Durant. We're talking about that kind of guy.
I just can't help but find it slightly ironic that on a day LeBron tries to grab everyone's attention with a one-hour television special , Kevin Durant completely upstages him by humbly announcing his extension with a typo on Twitter. Similar ability, different in personality I suppose.
You can try your darndest to win folks over with brilliant marketing and PR, but most times, genuine just wins out. KD didn't expect this kind of reaction. It's just who he is. And here's to hoping, for the sake of sports fans everywhere that are tired of egos and greed, that KD never changes.
-Royce Young
Category: NBA
Posted on: July 7, 2010 1:55 pm
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Posted on: July 7, 2010 12:55 pm
Edited on: July 7, 2010 12:57 pm
Details on "The Decision"
Yes, that's what LeBron's one-hour free agency special is called. The Decision. It sounds like a bad John Grisham novel or something.
The special airs at 9 p.m. ET on ESPN and ESPN Radio. Stuart Scott will host and Michael Wilbon and Jon Barry will serve as analysts. Freelance reporter Jim Gray will conduct the first interview with LeBron after he announces his intentions.
As noted in the release , proceeds from "The Decision" will be donated to Boys & Girls Club of America in support of James' vision to construct basketball courts for youth across the country. The program will be co-presented by University of Phoenix and Bing. Vitamin Water and McDonald's will also sponsor the program with Nike and Sprite also making contributions. LeBron and his marketing company, LRMR Marketing, were responsible for securing the sponsors for the event.
Maverick Carter, CEO of LRMR, said in the release: "LeBron has a longstanding commitment to giving back to the community and has worked with Boys & Girls Clubs in cities across the country. With the unprecedented attention and interest surrounding LeBron's decision, we decided to make this announcement on national television and donate the proceeds to Boys & Girls Clubs. We very much appreciate the cooperation and generosity of our sponsors."
-Royce Young
Category: NBA
Tags: Free Agency, LeBron James
Posted on: July 7, 2010 11:08 am
Edited on: July 7, 2010 12:00 pm
Kevin Durant to sign five-year extension with OKC
Wouldn't you know it, right after Matt Moore writes about athletes controlling their own messages and announcements , Kevin Durant goes and alerts the world via Twitter of his extension. KD tweeted at about 9:40 a.m. CT :
"Exstension for 5 more years wit the #Thunder....God Is Great, me and my family came a long way...I love yall man forreal ."
And it didn't even take a one-hour special to do it.
Obviously Durant can't officially sign with Oklahoma City until July 8, and terms are not available right now, but I'm sure this was for nothing less than the maximum amount. (UPDATE : Reports are five years, $85 million.) Durant is the youngest scoring champ in NBA history, finished second in last season's MVP voting, led the youngest team in the league to 50 wins, scored 25 points or more in 29 consecutive games (only second to Michael Jordan in the modern era), nearly went 50-40-90 in percentages and is an all around swell person. Yeah, this was kind of a no-brainer.
Durant has been adamant about wanting to stay with the Thunder since last summer. Many questioned it, but as most should know by now, KD is an honest guy that's not out blowing smoke. He's not into playing games or using the media. He wanted to stay with the Thunder and he signed a long-term extension to prove it.
Also, as Marc Stein reports, KD's agent Aaron Goodwin said Durant didn't insist on an opt-out clause after the fourth year because he wanted to "respond to OKC's proactive offer with the fullest possible commitment." How's that for outstanding? Not only does Durant announce this in the most humble way possible, but he commits as much as he can to his franchise out of respect of their offer. KD is just a different breed of superstar man.
The big question has been answered for the Thunder. The centerpiece is there for the next five years. Sam Presti is a great general manager, but this one didn't take a lot of genius to pull off. But now the focus turns to Jeff Green and his contract situation. Durant is in place, now where will the other long-term pieces fall around him?
-Royce Young
Category: NBA
Posted on: July 7, 2010 10:35 am
Edited on: July 7, 2010 11:02 am
If Bosh goes Heat, what does LeBron do?
If the numerous reports out there are accurat e, and they've been confirmed by just about every major outlet on the planet, then Chris Bosh is joining Dwyane Wade on South Beach for one heck of a party. But as the tango starts up in Miami (it takes two, you see), we're going to have to turn our attention almost immediately back to where our eyes have been glued all along.
What does LeBron James do now?
With both of the significant power forward options off the market assuming Bosh is a done deal, James' decision becomes somehow simpler and more complicated. Our own Ken Berger reports that he's a near-lock to announce he's returning to Cleveland tomorrow during his one-hour ego boost. But James has to be taking a good long look at his options before committing to anything.
LeBron was expected to be the catalyst, but instead Joe Johnson recommitted to the Hawks first, then Amar'e Stoudemire didn't wait for James to decide where he was headed before jumping into the center of MSG. Now Bosh is teamed with Wade. James may want to return to Cleveland, to stay home, to be the hero, but he's got to look at a roster that won 120 games plus over the past two years and still didn't make the Finals and get a little nauseous thinking of having to compete with Orlando, Boston, and now Miami and whatever the Knicks pull off (if anything). Which means James' camp has to be exploring his options, which right now are thus:
Take less money to join Wade and Bosh in Miami. Wade and Bosh are almost definitely assured the max deals (Wade from Miami, Bosh in a sign-and-trade). So it's natural for them to take those deals which means James capitalizes on his enormous celebrity and forms a super-team the likes of which hasn't been seen in decades in the NBA thanks to the salary cap. He guarantees himself multiple rings but also sacrifices home court advantage in terms of market and under the circumstances, looks like the third wheel. James is no third wheel. As important as winning is to James, not giving up his leverage in his attempt to become a global icon is more important, and going to Miami would mean sacrificing stock in that. Still, the allure of a super team has to weigh heavily, especially when combined with the beach and tax situation in Miami.
Head to New York to join Amar'e. James comes into the world's biggest market as the difference maker alongside Amar'e Stoudemire. All of a sudden New York is the free-agent destination and the team can fill out the roster with quality players while working towards the future. Still, the core roster behind Stoudemire is as shaky as it is in Miami, only without the All-Star duo and only Amar'e instead. The money would be amazing, but the basketball might suffer. It would be an incredible risk, but one with a huge payout.
Head to Chicago with Rose and Noah. The Bulls have the most ready team to compete over the next decade and with James they would elevate to a whole other level. Noah provides strength low and Rose is one of the most up and coming point guards in the league. He would have his name next to Michael Jordan, for better or worse, and operate in a major market. The team would be ready to contend and could likely snag Carlos Boozer or David Lee to help with low-position scoring. For whatever reason, the Bulls have slipped out of most talks.
Stay home. The option most are predicting, and have from the start. Our own Ken Berger reports that's the most likely scenario . But James is looking at Antawn Jamison, who did not deliver last season in any way, shape, or form, and Mo Williams as his running partners while the rest of the league gets younger, the Heat become a powerhouse, Boston maintains, Orlando maintains, and the Lakers still rule the roost. But Cleveland is home, and James may feel that his presence will always generate the ability for teams to improve. Maybe the Cavs can pull a rabbit out of a hat. What's strange is the most likely scenario also seems like the most risky. The Cavs are a lock to not be terrible in the future. But they're also a heavy favorite to be not be considered a true contender unless significant changes happen.
Wade and Bosh may force James to reconsider his decision, either way. The options are largely the same as they've ever been, but the pieces have now moved into place. In a little over 24 hours, James will have to publicly declare what's most important to him , with the whole world watching.
-Matt Moore
(Graphic: Roland Liwag)
Category: NBA

subset: commoncrawl


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32285-033: Agriculture Sector Development (Investment Loan)
Project Data Sheet (PDS): Overview
The objective of the agro-industry small- and medium-sized enterprise (SME) Loan is to support the Government's efforts to reduce poverty and promote private sector investments in agro-based businesses through credit provision. The loan will be implemented in rural areas of Vietnam, broadly defined to include communes, villages, and provincial and district towns whose economic roles and functions are closely linked to agricultural and rural enterprises. Areas inside the municipal boundaries ... Read More
Viet Nam
|Project Number
|Type or Modality of Assistance
|Public sector (Sovereign)
|Approval Number
Loan No. 1973
|Approval Date
|16 Dec 2002
|Closing Date
|22 Sep 2008
|Geographical Location
|Nationwide coverage
Agriculture, natural resources and rural development
|Agriculture and Rural Sector Development
|Safeguard Categories
Environment: B
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Project Data Sheets (PDS) contain summary information on the project or program. Because the PDS is a work in progress, some information may not be included in its initial version but will be added as it becomes available. Information about proposed projects is tentative and indicative.
The Public Communications Policy (PCP) recognizes that transparency and accountability are essential to development effectiveness. It establishes the disclosure requirements for documents and information ADB produces or requires to be produced.
The Accountability Mechanism provides a forum where people adversely affected by ADB-assisted projects can voice and seek solutions to their problems and report alleged noncompliance of ADB's operational policies and procedures.
In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of, or reference to, a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.
View the latest procurement notices for Goods, Works and Related Services, or Consulting Services.


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Audibility of a CD-Standard A/DA/A Loop Inserted into High-Resolution Audio Playback - September 2007
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Reflecting on Reflections - June 2014
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AES Journal Forum
A New Method for Measuring Distortion Using a Multitone Stimulus and Noncoherence
(Subscribe to this discussion)
A new approach for measuring distortion provides a continuous distortion curve versus frequency, and the method is suitable for use with noise, music, and multitone stimuli. Distortion measures are derived from dual-channel analysis of the noncoherence between the stimulus and the response. The mathematics is based on Volterra theory, which is an extension of linear system theory but applied to nonlinear systems. Because the technique uses standard signal processing, the approach is simple, accurate, and repeatable.
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Comments on this paper
R. Belcher
Comment posted August 27, 2008 @ 11:23:08 UTC (Comment permalink)
I was very interested to see that this paper promotes the idea that non-linearity measurements based on multi-tone test signals might be more appropriate for audio. The British Broadcasting Corporation came to this conclusion in the 70's and actually produced a multi-tone test that gave good agreement between double-blind subjective assessments and objective measurements of audio non-linear distortion. The method had the disadvantage that the digital circuitry caused the test set to be more expensive than a conventional one. The patents have long since expired and the test method is now part of IEC standard 60748-4-3 for dynamic testing of ADCs. As it is now easy to implement using software on a PC and an audio interface, perhaps this comment will encourage others to investigate what this technique might now offer when they are making audio measurements.
Author Response
Steve Temme
Comment posted September 3, 2008 @ 16:16:13 UTC (Comment permalink)
Dear Raymond,
R. Belcher
Comment posted October 16, 2008 @ 16:08:10 UTC (Comment permalink)
Dear Steve,
William E. Whitlock
Comment posted October 20, 2008 @ 10:41:57 UTC (Comment permalink)
A variation of your method was presented in a paper by the late Deane Jensen and Gary Sokolich, "Spectral Contamination Measurement", at the AES 85th Convention, 1988 (preprint #2725). In their (and my) opinion, much of what audiophiles describe as "the veil" consists of low-level, non-harmonic distortion products. I believe a major source of these is due to widespread use of op-amps under heavy negative feedback. As frequency increases (at ultrasonic frequencies, for example), the op-amps essentially run out of open-loop gain and start approaching open-loop conditions. This allows their inherent non-linearity to intermodulate distortion products from previous stages and the result is non-harmonic distortion products. It is one very good reason for passive bandlimiting at the input of every active amplifier stage. Otherwise, the effect is cumulative - and demonstrably ugly sounding. The test Jensen and Sokolich proposed is very similar to the AP (Cabot) multi-tone test.
Author Response
Pascal BRUNET
Comment posted October 21, 2008 @ 16:01:12 UTC (Comment permalink)
Yes, the multitone test reveals cross-modulation products that are invisible with a single sine.
Harry Brown
Comment posted November 30, 2008 @ 20:33:52 UTC (Comment permalink)
Dear Mr. Whitlock,
William E. Whitlock
Comment posted December 2, 2008 @ 17:09:42 UTC (Comment permalink)
Harry Brown, thanks for your kind words. Click here to view the 1988 Jensen/Sokolich paper. It also anticipates using real music as a test signal. Edited by moderator
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Originally written on Fox Sports Southwest | Last updated 4/15/13
DALLAS (AP) -- Keyon Dooling scored 13 points, including a go-ahead 3-pointer before consecutive baskets by Ed Davis, and the Memphis Grizzlies rallied to keep alive their chance of hosting a first-round playoff series with a 103-97 victory over the Dallas Mavericks on Monday night. Jerryd Bayless had 19 points and the Grizzlies' bench accounted for 64 points -- all 35 in the decisive fourth quarter. Dooling, who signed April 3 as a free agent, had only 12 points combined his first five games. Clean-shaven Dirk Nowitzki had 26 points and Vince Carter 22 for the Mavs, who had finally reached .500 for the first time since Dec. 12 with a win at New Orleans on Sunday night. They had vowed not to shave until reaching .500 -- though it lasted only one night. The Mavericks (40-41), NBA champions only two years ago, already knew they were going to miss the playoffs for the first time in 13 seasons. Now they have to win their season finale Wednesday night at home against the Hornets to a...
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Baby Boy
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"People are STARVING to Death, even while Feasting to Death: because they are Starving for True Foods." source
"People are STARVING to Death, even while Feasting to Death: because they are Starving for True Foods." source
If Raising the Minimum Wages for the Poor Tax Slaves and Usury Slaves would Cause Inflation of our Money, and Devaluation of our Dollars: beCause of having too much Money among those Poor People, perhaps we should Remove the Bank Accounts of all Rich People, whose Wealth is Certainly having the very same Bad Effect, except in an Excess by many Times: beCause they are many Times more Rich than those Poor People who are now Earning Minimum Wages! Therefore, all such Theories are nothing but Nonsense, which are Promoted by False Economists, who should also Study this Inspired Booklet, which Explains HOW all Willing Poor People can become Moderately RICH!
Beautiful Blooming Tulips
"O my Son, the Rich People in this World of Greed, and even the not so Rich, Need X-amount of Poor Slaves and Ignorant Fools to do the Dirty Work for them; and therefore, they have little or no Feelings for all such People, who are Paid with Minimum Wages for doing the Maximum Amount of Work, and Living the most Beggarly Kind of Lifestyle." — A Proverb of the Peacock


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Latest Tourism NewsView all news
Friday, 03 July 2015
Seychelles Chamber of Commerce and Industry has pledged to seek support from its members to finance the construction of a children's playground at Montagne Posee Prison. Read more...
Friday, 03 July 2015
Small island developing states of Indian Ocean are currently meeting in Seychelles to elaborate a global strategy for sustainable tourism. Read more...
It has been 243 years since the 1st ship with Indians landed in Seychelles. Since then they have become an integral part of Seychelles culture and society.
The dedicated Praslin Fiesta will follow in the spirt of the 'Fete de La Musique' of Pralin in 1979 when a 'Pierre de L'Unite' was erected at the Vallee de Mai entrance.
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The aim of the turtle festival is to raise public awareness of issues relating to marine turtle conservation within the Seychelles. The event will be an opportunity to highlight existing initiatives, promote future partnerships and celebrate the Seychelles marine turtle population.
The turtle festival will bring together government departments, local NGOs, schools and private enterprises for two days of activities, community stalls and live entertainment for the local community and tourists.


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Inside Policy & Politics
Research and analysis from the Hobby Center for Public Policy at the University of Houston
Posts by Author
Politics. Ethics. Economic Literacy.
A $1 million gift from Branch Banking & Trust (BB&T) to the University of Houston Hobby Center for Public Policy (HCPP) will make new programs, a new speakers series and a summer training institute in social science research methods available for graduate and undergraduates interested in varying public policy perspectives. [Read More]
A Key Element in the Euro Crisis: The Stability and Growth Pact
In the late 1990s 11 of the 15 members of the European Union decided to merge their currencies into a single European currency — the euro. A review of the expected benefits included: Low inflation Currency stability Reductions in "transaction costs" (e.g., no need to hold multiple European currencies) Supporting easier comparison of wages and […] [Read More]
The Euro: Getting the Politics and Economics Right
The questionable long-term feasibility of a unified currency in Europe presents an interesting lesson for public policy: neither political nor economic issues should be treated as independent entities. In the case of the euro, the failure to link politics and economics entails efforts toward greater political integration (through economic means), but it creates policy mechanisms […] [Read More]
Measuring Unemployment: Bad News, Good News, and When to Know the Difference
On the surface, the drop in the civilian unemployment rate to 8.6 percent signals an important and positive breakthrough. Data provided by the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis shows that since the most recent recession "officially" ended in June 2009, there has been an uneven, but steady downward trend in the unemployment rate. [Read More]
New Technical Analysis Suggests National Economic Slump to Last Until the End of 2016
The United States is well into the fourth year of what economists Carmen Reinhart and Kenneth Rogoff call the Second Great Contraction and economist Robert Hall calls the Great Slump. Only the Great Depression of the 1930s exceeds it in length and severity. While the Great Recession of December 2007 – June 2009 ended over […] [Read More]
Would Cutting Federal Spending Slow the Economy?
Right now federal spending is consuming 24 percent of national income. At the same time, the amount of tax revenue the government is receiving is 14 percent of national income. In the event economic growth fails to increase at rates to close this spending-revenue gap, then cutting spending or raising taxes become the policy options. […] [Read More]
Tax Revenue from Tax Loopholes
There is much talk about tax reform. One idea is to reduce or eliminate these tax expenditures in exchange for lower income tax rates. Advocates for this swap argue the lower rates will encourage economic growth and ultimately create more jobs and bring more revenue to the government. What do these loopholes look like and how much do they cost? [Read More]
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Should You Cap A Tooth Or Remove It?
A cap is highly recommended and almost universally implemented for people in their teens, 20s and 30s who suffer a cracked tooth or some kind of damage that weakens the tooth. But what should patients in their 40s and beyond do? Teeth, at that point, are often weakened from age and abuse, and often times, capping an older and oft-repaired tooth is akin to pouring a lot of money into an old car: It is just delaying the inevitable and throwing good money after bad. But still, the possibility of permanently losing a tooth is a jarring one for most people. So what to do? Here's a list of things you should consider if you are faced with the decision of having adult teeth capped or pulled:
—What is your dental history?
If you're in your 40s or beyond and having trouble with oral health for the first time, getting your adult teeth capped will probably be a more likely option than having adult teeth pulled. The tooth should be strong for its age and able to provide you many more years of sturdiness. But if it's a tooth that has been operated on multiple times, and if you have a mouth full of repaired teeth, it might be for the best to get those troublesome adult teeth pulled and minimize future wear and tear (not to mention future dental bills).
—What are the advantages of getting adult teeth capped?
There's certainly a cosmetic advantage—seen and unseen—to getting adult teeth capped. Most people are self-conscious about their mouth and their smile and don't want a gaping hole visible to everyone every time they open their mouths. Even gaps that are in the back of the mouth, out of sight to everyone but a dentist, leave people self-conscious. After all, we're not used to feeling a gap in our mouths! In addition, the ability to retain the original tooth structure is important and essential whenever possible.
—What are the advantages of pulling the tooth?
Sometimes, a tooth isn't worth saving, and the patient will be better served cutting his losses, so to speak, because trying to save the tooth will further weaken those around it. However, if one tooth is damaged and the rest are healthy, the patient can look into having the bad tooth removed and replaced with a fake one—i.e. a dental implant. Those who are in good oral health are perfect candidates for replacement teeth, which look and feel just like the real thing and can be implemented with relative ease.
You can help your teeth stay healthy and thus delay having to decide to get adult teeth capped or have them pulled - by engaging in good dental habits early on. Regular brushing and flossing will go a long way towards keeping your mouth happy and your teeth healthy, as will visiting a dentist at least twice a year for cleanings and checkups. The better you take care of your teeth in your younger years, the better the odds are you won't have to worry about capping vs. pulling until you're in your golden years!
- Bonding
- Botox
- Children's Dentistry
- Composite Restorations
- Cosmetic Dental Recontouring
- Cosmetic Dentistry
- Dental Checkups
- Dental Crowns
- Dental Bridges
- Dental Implants
- Dentures
- Emergency Dental Care
- Endodontic Treatment (Root Canal)
- Invisalign
- Juvederm
- Periodontal Treatment (Non-Surgical)
- Preventive Dentistry
- Relaxation Dentistry
- Veneers-Porcelain Laminates
- Zoom! Whitening in 1 Hour


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Virginia Tech Senior
40: 5.09
Has a good motor and can make plays in pursuit with good range. Has athletic build. Has a decent first step and good straight-line burst upfield to shoot gaps and press the pocket.
Has poor hand use and technique. Is undersized when you ask him to hold up at the poitn of attack. Struggles to get leverage and too easily redirected by guard. Gets engulfed at times at the point of attack. Struggles to get off blocks and lacks the bulk to anchor and be a stack and shed guy. Needs to keep his feet better. Overly relies on speed to beat the guard and has very limited pass rush moves.
Graves can make some plays in the backfield, but he was miscast as a tackle in Virginia Tech's 4-3 scheme, and he projects much better as an end where he won't be as undersized inside. Whenever teams ran right at him, they had little trouble. His hand use is very raw, so he's not the type of player that teams should expect to come in right away and contribute. But he does have very good upside because of his athleticism. Was limited due to injuries as a junior, but in three years as a starter he combined for 2.5 sacks and 11 tackles for loss.
Graves is an athletic specimen, and if you can polish up his technique and add some pass rush moves to his repertoire, you might have a capable starter eventually. But more than likely, he's a rotation guy. If he bulks up some more, he might have a chance as a situational pass rusher in a one-gap scheme, but his technique is too raw at this point to really like his chances inside. Instead, you're better off moving him to defensive end and hoping he is a better matchup for tackles. He's a guy that can play end in a 4-3 scheme, but mainly as a run defender and kick inside on passing downs and try to pressure the quarterback. But he probably projects best as an end in a 3-4 scheme. He's going to be raw, and I fully expect it to take the better part of three years before he can be a significant part of a rotation. The best situation for him is going to a 3-4 team where they have entrenched, but possibly aging starters that he can sit behind and watch for a couple of years before he's really asked to make a big contribution. If he's asked to play too early, I'm not sure he'll be up to the task. Basically if he goes to a bad team that needs him to produce right away, he could be out of the league within four years. If he goes to a good team that will be more patient with his develop, he could wind up playing the better part of a decade in the pros.
Graves has a good athletic skill set, but in Atlanta he's probably too long a developmental prospect to really make an impact. He could offer comparable value and fill a similar niche as Jamaal Anderson as a combo end/tackle, but at this point the only thing he really has on Anderson is youth and athleticism. And like Anderson, it will likely take him until his third or fourth year before he develops enough to be a trusted part of the rotation. Because like Anderson, Graves comes into the league with very raw technique and hands and likely won't have first round status to save him. So he would be hard-pressed to make the Falcons roster unless they asked him to slim down a bit in hopes he becomes a bit quicker off the edge as an end. He's athletic and talented enough that he could make the roster as the eighth or ninth guy in the rotation, but he's not going to play much for the majority of his first two or three years, and the Falcons should eventually stumble upon a lesser player that offers more immediate value.
He's a long-term developmental guy that teams will get best value waiting until the fifth or sixth rounds to take him, but his upside and potential pushes him possibly into the fourth round.
1-poor, 2-weak, 3-above average, 4-very good, 5-elite
Strength: 4.0
Quickness: 3.0
Pass Rush: 2.0
Point Of Attack: 2.5
Recognition: 2.0
Motor: 3.5
John Graves, DE/DT, Virginia Tech
Scouting reports of the defensive ends in the 2011 Draft.
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text: For one sandwich: Place 1 cheese slice on top of a slice of Italian bread. Spread evenly with pizza sauce. Top with another cheese slice, and spread evenly with pesto sauce. Top with another slice of cheese, and arrange 5 or 6 pepperoni slices over the top. Top with another cheese slice and finish the sandwich with a second slice of Italian bread. Spread a small amount of butter on top of the sandwich. Invert the sandwich onto a hot nonstick skillet or griddle, and cook over medium heat until browned. Spread a small amount of butter on the ungrilled side of the sandwich. Turn, and cook until brown. Serve immediately. This is one way you can use the pesto sauce we made recently. Tomorrow I will be showing you how to use pesto sauce with pasta—stay tuned! Love, Betty


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How can i create a SQL dump (structure and data) with the Management Studio 2005 or the MS SQL server?
Take the 2-minute tour ×
Super User is a question and answer site for computer enthusiasts and power users. It's 100% free, no registration required.
In SQL Server Management Studio right-click your database and select Tasks / Generate Scripts. Follow the wizard and you'll get a script that recreates the data structure in the correct order according to foreign keys. On the wizard step titled "Set Scripting Options" choose "Advanced" and modify the "Types of data to script" option to "Schema and data"


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Gear Review
waste pack
overall - ok, but mine leaked which is VERY unusual for CamelBak. It's a bit bulky compared to an earlier CamelBak version called the Catalyst. Nice divided storage compartment. The older version had small velcro compartments in the waste band on either side of the buckle which were great for holding energy gels.
Adam Rosenberg
Sounds like you may have received a defective product, did you contact customer service about the possibility of an exchange?
View More Details on CamelBak FlashFlo Lumbar Pack - 200cu in


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"Thanks for the professional way you and Ruthann handled the breeding; it was a joy to visit your farm and know we could send a girl there with no worries for her care."Celeste Mushet - Alpacas de Colores
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Phone: 360-659-1990, 9am - 9pm Pacific Time
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Copyright 2003-2013 Genesis Alpacas. All rights reserved.


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Conferences and Visiting Professors
Upcoming Conference Notes
We will be adding the new conference schedule for 2015-16 soon. Please check back for updates.
Link to University of Virginia Continuing Medical Education (CME) Information
Conference Schedules (2014/15)
Upcoming Visiting Professors
On November 19, UVA Orthopaedics welcomed Dr. Alvin Crawford as our first annual Mark and Jean Abel Visiting Professor in Pediatric Orthopaedics. Dr. Crawford led an outstanding educational discussion on the evolution of scoliosis surgery and the treatment of pediatric spinal deformity.
The University of Virginia Department of Orthopaedic Surgery seeks to promote lifelong learning in Orthopaedics. Our faculty, fellows, and residents participate in daily didactics and interactive conferences to foster an environment of education and the persistent pursuit of a deeper understanding of the conditions and injuries that affect our patients. Our world-renowned faculty members each individually contributes extensively to our didactic program sharing their expertise with other faculty, our fellows, residents, and medical students. We frequently host internationally-known leaders in Orthopaedic Surgery to Charlottesville as Visiting Professors to expand our knowledge and fortify our position on the front lines of Orthopaedics.
Our general conference schedule with the times and locations is listed below:
Monday: Fracture conference (6:15
to 7:15 AM - University Hospital, Moss Auditorium - 1st Floor)
- Faculty-led conference in which a specific type of fracture is discussed for 15 minutes followed by case presentations of the injuries evaluated by U.Va. Orthopaedics over the previous week
Tuesday: Core Curriculum (6:15 to 7:15
AM - University Hospital, OR Classroom - 2nd Floor
- Faculty-led conference in which we explore a specific topic in Orthopaedics
Wednesday: Grand Rounds (7:00 to 8:45 AM -
Fontaine Office, Wang Conference Room)
- Visiting Professors, Formal Faculty Lectures, Quality Assurance Conference
Thursday: Service Specific (6:30
to 7:15 AM - Location Variable)
- Small group discussions held by each Orthopaedic service
Friday: Basic
Science / Anatomy (6:30 to 7:15 AM - University
- Didactics establishing the foundations of musculoskeletal anatomy and physiology
We welcome everyone who is interested in Orthopaedics to participate in our lectures. We will keep this page updated with the dates of our Visiting Professor Grand Rounds. If you would like to be added to our email list, please send us an email at firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Cedar Rapids, Iowa News, Sports, and Weather
Iowa Speedway CEO Doug Fritz sits down for 5 good minutes with KJ Pilcher on today's SportsDesk. Doug has spent over 20 years in NASCAR, and he talks about improving the Iowa Speedway and the possibility of landing a Sprint Cup race there in the near future.
Most Popular


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Thanks for your help.
Image Retention/Flickering
Posted 05 January 2008 - 09:35 AM
Thanks for your help.
- 0
Posted 06 January 2008 - 06:16 AM
I've been enjoying my first new phone since I bought my SPV C500 back in 2004. I have however noticed a problem: after the phone has been on for a couple of hours I find that the top left of the screen retains a flickering ghost image of the start menu button in all screens. This is sometimes solved by a completed power down and restart but not always as I have also noticed it faintly on the orange boot screen as well. The screen is not left on all the time - I've set the phone to sleep after 1 minute idle. Has anyone else seen this problem or is my new phone faulty?
Thanks for your help.
I'm not seeing this on my TouchDual. Might be faulty..
- 0
Posted 06 January 2008 - 08:09 PM
I'm not seeing this on my TouchDual. Might be faulty..
Oh no - I was hoping it was a common bug that would be rectified with a firmware fix. It looks like another forum member has also experienced this: see here
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Posted 07 January 2008 - 12:49 PM
- 0
You can follow me on Twitter - http://twitter.com/paulobrien / Follow MoDaCo on Twitter - http://twitter.com/modaco
Want to donate? MoDaCo is raising money for the Multiple Sclerosis society.
Posted 07 January 2008 - 02:23 PM
I bought my SPV C500 back in 2004
That's good going in all respects.
Three years for the phone is very respectable
Three years sticking with one phone....wow!
A three year old battery must have lasted till just beyond lunchtime!
- 0
Posted 07 January 2008 - 07:36 PM
Well I've started the long winded process of getting a replacement. Orange have referred the fault to "technical" who will contact me once they have completed their investigations. I tried photographing the fault today and unfortunately it just doesn't show up clearly on camera.
I'd say hardware too i'm afraid
- 0
Posted 16 January 2008 - 08:01 PM
- 0
0 user(s) are reading this topic
0 members, 0 guests, 0 anonymous users


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North Devon Journal can help you find off licences in the Barnstaple area. For more information read reviews from our local users!
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Address: 1 Westhill, Pathfields Business Park, SOUTH MOLTON, EX36 3BS
Address: River Side Unit, ST. Johns Lane, , Barnstaple, EX32 9DD


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Community, Facility, and Organization
In our growing market, Northern Cochise Community Hospital is always looking to facilitate an adequate number of specialists to insure our growing patient population has the coverage required.
Northern Cochise Community Hospital in Willcox, Arizona is a 25 bed critical access facility, level IV trauma center, offering a full array of health care services. The hospital features a Level IV Trauma Center, an adjacent physician's and visiting specialists clinic and an attached rehabilitation center. NCCH recent upgrades include a remodeled Emergency Department and patient rooms. Medical air transport services provided as well as non-emergency transportation. Full array of diagnostic testing, physical and occupational therapy, speech therapy, on-site full-service laboratory services, and a full-service imaging department including nuclear medicine, MRI, and 64 slice CT available. Other health care services include: Public health, nursing home care and assisted living.
Willcox is a rural community located approximately 60 minutes southeast of Tucson and is a close-knit community offering an excellent school system, local parks and cultural activities, as well as numerous shopping and restaurant options. This location is attractive to people who like rural living, but want to be close to a population center. The region offers several recreational, cultural and professional opportunities, and much more!
Over 300 days of sunshine a year
Moderate cost of living about 40 minutes from Chiricahua National Monument
2 hours from ski resorts
Hunting and fishing
City Parks
Accredited Cochise Community College within minutes
Total Service Area: about 12,500 (includes all of Northeastern Cochise County)
If you are interested in this market as well as an excellent growth opportunity, please select a specialty below to submit your CV online.
Work in a Practice?
We invite you to look at our openings. Choose A Physician Specialty To Submit your CV and Contact Us:
General Medicine
Own a Practice?
We'd love to speak with you about incorporating your practice into the NCCH Health System. Conctact Us and we will talk with you about opportunities here in Willcox.
Willcox, Arizona is a beautiful area with an ideal climate. Learn more about our region and our growing community.
Submit your CV by selecting a specialty above or forward a copy to:
Denise Linton
Human Resources Manager
Northern Cochise Community Hospital
901 W Rex Allen Drive
Willcox, Arizona 85643
(520) 766-6436
|901 W Rex Allen Drive; Willcox, Arizona 85643 ° (520) 384-3541


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Workstation Lifecycle Management
IT Asset Management Program
Workstation Lifecycle Management is a coordinated, proactive approach to managing the lifecycle of the AU-owned workstations. This includes coordinating the procurement, image creation, configuration management, maintenance, coordinated replacement, end-of-life secure data removal, reissuance, and green recycling among the different community service providers.
Our primary intentions are to minimize user downtime and to maximize productivity for the AU community including technical support staff.


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SAVION GLOVER's OM Coming to Joyce Theatre, 6/24-7/12
Internationally acclaimed tap dance virtuoso Savion Glover will be returning to New York City's Joyce Theater (175 Eighth Avenue) for a limited run of his new show, Savion Glover's OM this June. Performances begin Tuesday, June 24 and run through Sunday, July 12. Tickets start at $10. www.SavionGloverProductions.com.
Savion Glover's OM is an interdisciplinary exploration of the spirituality of the dance using time and its infinite essence. Using traditional rhythms and content from his mentor's legacy, Mr. Glover combines constant expansion of traditional tap, sound grooves, and innovative percussive passages giving the audience a transformative journey of the spirit to its ultimate source: the soul.
Says Mr. Glover: "Because of my relationship to the dance and how it relates to spirituality, I'm hoping through this production of OM, the audience will understand more the importance of the divine - ONE."
Savion Glover's OM plays Tuesday & Wednesday at 7:30PM; Thursday & Friday at 8PM; Saturday at 2PM and 8PM; Sunday at 2PM and 7:30PM (No performance on July 4).
For $10 tickets, call JoyceCharge at 212-242-0800. All other tickets can be purchased online: www.joyce.org.
About Author
- Casting Roundup: Sarah Chalke, Kim Raver Headline New Pilots
- ADVENTURE TIME Headed to the Big Screen?
- Pilot Season Roundup: Colm Feore, Daniel Stern, Dave Annable to Star in New Shows
- James Franco to Star in New Fox Comedy, WHY HIM?
- Christopher Meloni to Star in WGN America's Slave Drama UNDERGROUND
- Check Out Alex Dunphy's Full College Essay from Latest MODERN FAMILY Episode
- Photo Flash: HBO Reveals Key Art for GAME OF THRONES Season 5
- Syfy to Honor Leonard Nimoy with Special Programming This Sunday
- Grammy Winner Kelly Clarkson Exclusively Premieres New Music from New Album on MTV, VH1 & CMT First
- CONSTELLATIONS' Jake Gyllenhaal and Ruth Wilson Set for THEATER TALK This Weekend


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A festival of food for all! 100+ exhibitors and representatives of all things food-related.
Mighty Kindness has been raising environmental and sutsainability awareness, creating community and presenting great music for four years now. This Sunday: the Louisville community will have an opportunity to come together and help the vision to grow.
Napa Valley, Champagne, Alsace, and Kentucky? Believe it or not, Kentucky has an up and coming collection of wineries, not just the kind that make strawberry wine. Kentucky Wine Tastings is an organization that will provide a wine sampling bar for events, consisting entirely of Kentucky Proud wines. It's a fantastic way to not only try something new, but also to support local farmers.
An fun and educational day at Locust Grove, August 22
Smoothies and fruit juice made with real fruit. Really.
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- 2 of 2


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Charges dropped against 10 accused of witness intimidation
Charges have been dismissed against five adults and five juveniles accused of chasing and threatening a Monessen man on April 18 who is a witness in an attempted homicide case from December.
The suspects had been charged with intimidation of or retaliating against a witness/victim, conspiracy and terroristic threats.
Charges have been dismissed against Tyneil Allums, 19, Jeffrey Carlock, 19, Kenneth Lamar Clark, 18, Raymond Dickerson Jr., 18, all of Monessen; and James Lipscomb, 18, of Donora.
Five juveniles — four males and a female — are no longer facing charges. At the time of the incident, three males and the female were 17, and one male was 16.
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Most-Read Westmoreland
- Westmoreland County on pace to surpass record for drug-related fatalities
- Westmoreland Cultural Trust moves to next phase of Palace capital campaign
- More than 120,000 attend Westmoreland Arts & Heritage Festival
- Greensburg woman has a lifetime of hosting foreign exchange students
- Westmoreland judicial candidates spent more than $1.2 million for primary election
- New Derry to celebrate its 200th birthday
- Hempfield bicyclist gets one last chance from Westmoreland County judge
- Hempfield woman seriously injured in crash
- Initials carved into pig in Georges Township
- State Supreme Court rejects latest Foxley Farm appeal in Ligonier Township dispute
- Former Jeannette coach held for trial on charges of assault on teen girls


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The Scicon Fuel Belt is a great accessory for any race day. Made out of ultra-soft brushed elastic fabric that is both durable and comfortable.
Equipped with two spring loaded toggles that fit any race number and four integrated loops that hold your energy bars or gels in place. The fuel belt is the optimal solution to avoid ruining your clothing with pins while having your energy close at hand.
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You will receive an email to confirm when your item has been sent.
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text: High Performance Homes Archive CRT White Paper: The Shipping Container as a Home Posted in Articles by Chad Curry Download the shipping container home white paper here. We asked Mary Martinez-Garcia, Manager of our Library Collection Development for Information Central at NAR, to explore the subject of shipping container homes for this paper and we are very happy... Read More → By Chad Curry December 10, 2014 Articles Shipping Container Houses…Brought to You by GM? Posted in Building Science by Chad Curry On Jalopnik today, there's news of GM helping build shipping container houses in Detroit. From the story: GM is helping to build Detroit's first homestead made of recycled materials, which will be occupied by a college student studying urban... Read More → By Chad Curry April 30, 2014 Building Science Green Roofing Breathes Easier Posted in Building Science by Laura Stukel This concrete roofing tile includes an embedded catalyst in the upper portion of the roof tile that acts like the catalytic converter on your car. The catalyst speeds up oxidation in the presence of sunlight, reducing nitrogen oxide emissions.... Read More → By Laura Stukel April 25, 2013 Building Science On Earth Day, Consider Becoming a Green REsource Council Designee Posted in Articles by Chad Curry It's Earth Day today and all this week, we are going to be covering sustainability topics. What better way to kick off the celebration than by participating in NAR's Green REsource Council? As CRT looks to the future, we... Read More → By Chad Curry April 22, 2013 Articles


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Big 12 Sports
Here's your chance to share your opinion and views on Big 12 football and other sports.
Another ISU RB bites the dust as Martinez Syria kicked off the team
Iowa State running back Martinez Syria has been dismissed from the team for an undisclosed violation of team rules, the Des Moines Register reported. [Read More]
Could Baylor open 2016 season 'Down Under?'
Baylor's quest to improve its non-conference schedule could take the Bears to Australia to start the 2016 season. [Read More]
Baylor hires Pepperdine baseball coach Steve Rodriguez
Baylor hired former big leaguer and Pepperdine coach Steve Rodriguez as the Bears' new baseball coach. [Read More]
Lost Texas-A&M rivalry getting much mention across the nation
Any self-respecting football fan – and we're not just talking about those of you in the state of Texas – has mourned the loss of the Texas-Texas A&M rivalry in recent seasons. When the rivalry died in 2011, it's left alumni on both sides and fans everywhere wondering when the 119th game in the series […] [Read More]
Reports: Murray State's Steve Prohm hired as ISU's new hoop coach
Murray State coach Steve Prohm will replace Fred Hoiberg as Iowa State's new men's basketball coach, several reports indicate. [Read More]
Former Boise DE Sam Ukwuachu expected on Baylor's roster in 2015
Baylor coaches are expecting Sam Ukwuachu to be available on the team's roster during the upcoming season, the Dallas Morning News reports. [Read More]
Clemson LB lets Perine know he hasn't forgotten about bowl game
A recent ESPN.com photo shoot that resulted in a picture of flexing Oklahoma running back Samaje Perine prompted some good-natured razzing from Clemson linebacker Ben Boulware. [Read More]