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The invention relates to an automatic light system (ALS) for motor vehicles of all types. According to the invention the headlamp system is operated in such a manner that at every instant of the journey the minimum beam range does not drop below the instantaneous stopping distance (=braking distance+reaction distance) of the vehicle and the particular light intensity required is determined and set. This can be done for example by vertical pivoting of the headlamps or reflectors. Furthermore, the beam direction is adapted to the instantaneous steering angle.
1. Light system for controlling a beam range of a motor vehicle and comprising
an automatic multifunctional system constructed from programs and information,
the multifunctional system distinguishing between four basic stages for road conditions,
the multifunctional system distinguishing in each of the four basic stages three stages of visibility conditions, thus giving twelve stages,
in dependence upon a particular stage, on the basis of the programs and entered and current information, the multifunctional system controlling instantaneous beam range in such a manner that it always lies between a minimum and a maximum beam range, the formulae
minimum beam range=minimum stopping distance
maximum beam range=maximum stopping distance being fulfilled,
in each basic stage the multifunctional system controlling light intensity in dependence upon the basic range in such a manner that an area in front of the vehicle is illuminated in optimum manner,
so that all vehicles equipped with the automatic multifunctional system at any time during vehicle travel have a beam range and a light intensity which is adapted in optimum manner to the vehicle characteristics, the road conditions and the visibility conditions.
2. A light system for a motor vehicle having an actual minimum stopping distance and comprising
headlamp means having a beam length adjustable between a minimum beam range and a maximum beam range,
the headlamp means including for each vehicle side a main reflector and a fog reflector, the beam ranges of which are adjustable independently of each other,
adjusting means for adjusting the beam range of the headlamp means, and
control means for controlling the adjusting means automatically in such a manner that at any instant during vehicle travel the minimum beam range is not less than the actual minimum stopping distance of the vehicle.
3. The light system of claim 2 wherein with good visibility the main reflectors are operated in dependence upon the stopping distance and with average visibility the fog reflectors, the main reflectors remaining switched to an initial position, and with poor visibility both the main reflectors and the fog reflectors are operated in dependence upon the stopping distance.
4. A light system for a motor vehicle having an actual minimum stopping distance and an actual maximum stopping distance comprising
headlamp means having a beam length adjustable between a minimum beam range and a maximum beam range,
adjusting means for adjusting the bean range of the headlamp means, and
control means for controlling the adjusting means automatically in such a manner that at any instance during vehicle travel the minimum beam range is not less than the actual minimum stopping distance of the vehicle,
the control means determining a maximum beam range from the actual maximum stopping distance and reaction time of a driver and the beam range being continuously adjusted during vehicle travel so that it does not exceed the prospective maximum beam range.
5. The light system of claim 4 wherein when the vehicle is stationary or at low speeds the control means sets a fixed initial beam range which exceeds the stopping distance, the initial beam range being selected in particular at 30 m, and wherein the control means adjusts the minimum beam range when the stopping distance exceeds the initial beam range.
6. The light system of claim 4, including adjustment means directly coupled to a steering wheel for adjusting beam direction of the headlamp means in a horizontal plane.
7. Method for controlling beam range of a headlamp means of a motor vehicle during its travel and comprising the steps of
automatically setting a minimum beam range for the headlamp means which does not drop below the value of a momentary stopping distance of the vehicle,
automatically setting a maximum beam range for the headlamp means which does not exceed a momentary maximum stopping distance of the vehicle,
calculating the minimum stopping distance from a sum of maximum braking distance and minimum reaction distance of a driver, and
calculating the maximum stopping distance from a sum of maximum braking distance and maximum reaction distance of a driver.
8. Method of claim 7 further including a step of determining maximum braking distance for a maximum loaded vehicle in accordance with speed and road conditions as well as vehicle-specific data.
9. Method of claim 7 wherein the steps of calculating the minimum and maximum stopping distances are determined in accordance with minimum and maximum reaction times of an inexperienced or professional driver and speed, said reaction times of inexperienced and professional drivers being at all times absolutely the same ratio.
10. Method of claim 9 wherein the steps of calculating minimum and maximum stopping distances take into account driver reaction time dependent on weather and/or visibility conditions.
The invention relates to an automatic light system (ALS) for motor vehicles of all kinds and to a method for controlling a light system.
In modern motor vehicle illumination or light systems there is a substantial deficit due to the fact that generally a distinction is made only between dipped beam and main beam and accordingly only these two light modes can be set in vehicles.
This has the following, in some cases dangerous, disadvantages:
that the eyes of the driver become tired with the constant dipping and switching back to main beam,
that other vehicles influence the driver's perception by the operation of switching between dipped and main beams,
that with the known vehicle light system road or terrain sections are illuminated partially too strongly or inadequately,
that dazzling occurs from oncoming traffic,
that adaptation to weather or road conditions is not possible,
that the lighting stages are not adapted to the traffic and speed conditions, i.e. the dipped light is inadequate at medium speed whilst the illuminating range of the main beam is too great.
The above enumeration itself shows that the conventional lighting system for vehicles in no way satisfies present-day safety requirements. An initial suggestion for improving vehicle lighting is provided by DE-A-2357960. This publication proposes obviating the asymmetry of the headlamp beam when driving on fast roads by switching the usual asymmetrical dipped beam for fast driving such that the "asymmetrical component" being directed onto the centre of the road.
It is known from DE-A-2437585 to modify the position of the headlamps of a motor vehicle in dependence upon the speed, and in particular in poor weather or at high speed to switch on a longer-range lighting.
DE-A-3545495 also discloses a speed-dependent regulation of the beam range, the aim in particular being to reduce the dazzling effect of other road users.
Finally, attention is drawn to DE-A-3834764 which describes a headlamp device for motor bicycles in which in dependence upon the vehicle speed and the handlebar rotation angle the horizontal or vertical position of the headlamp reflectors is adjusted to ensure adequate illumination of the road in curves.
Admittedly, in these light systems the beam ranges or the lighting conditions are adjusted in dependence upon the speed; however, the inventor has recognised that this hardly or only inadequately improves driving safety. For he has recognised that the beam range and intensity which a vehicle absolutely needs at each moment of its travelling cannot be regulated solely with the speed.
In contrast, the invention is based on the problem of providing a light system or a method for controlling a light system for motoring vehicles of all types in which the driving safety is increased, the light control is adapted to the capability of the human eye and the road in front of the vehicle is illuminated reliably and in optimum manner.
A further problem resides in providing a light system in which the vehicle lighting is adapted to the road and weather conditions and the beam range and intensity at any moment of the journey corresponds to the safety requirements, even when the ambient conditions change.
A further problem resides in making available an emergency control for a light system.
These problems are solved by an automatic light system and by a method for controlling a light system.
With the novel scientific recognition, not recognised until this day, regarding the mutual fixed and inseparable relationship between the beam length and the stopping distance of the vehicle, the inventor has arrived directly at the discovery which he defines once and for all finally in precise manner as:
According to the invention, in an automatic light system for motor vehicles the headlamp means is controlled via an adjusting means in such a manner that during the journey the minimum beam range automatically does not drop below the stopping distance of the vehicle.
The inventor has arrived at the fundamental recognition that the minimum illumination range (or minimum beam length or range) which a vehicle must have at every time during its travel must not drop below the length of its stopping distance at that same moment.
This fundamental relationship established by the inventor may be expressed as a formula briefly as
minimum beam range=stopping distance.
It is the inventor's wish that this formula be referred to as "Mario formula".
Together with the known relationship that the stopping distance is made up of the sum of braking distance and reaction distance, the Mario formula defines for the first time and universally for all types of motor vehicles the magnitude of the beam range (minimum beam range) which a vehicle must have at any instant during its travel, this formula being the sole necessary measure. The universality is substantiated by the fact that all vehicle-specific and driver-specific influences and the influences of the environment are taken into account.
The braking distance is made up of
the speed,
the type of vehicle, the weight, the type of tires, etc.,
the road condition (dry, wet, snow, ice).
According to the invention, for all road conditions the braking distance is to be based on the fully laden vehicle with a normal braking (i.e. the respective longest braking distance; corresponding measurements can be carried out in simple manner by the vehicle manufacturers or other experts).
The reaction travel is the distance which a vehicle covers between the appearance of an obstruction and the reaction of the driver to the obstruction at the instantaneous speed. It thus depends on the reaction time of the driver, which itself depends on whether the driver is an inexperienced driver or a professional driver, additionally depending on the modified perception of the driver due to the particular visual conditions. For example, the reaction time for inexperienced drivers on a dry road in good weather is between 1.0 and 1.7 sec.
For safety reasons, a time of 1.0 sec (for inexperienced drivers) is therefore defined according to the invention as minimum reaction time on a dry road with good visability.
This gives
minimum beam range=stopping distance for a reaction time of 1 sec.
maximum beam range=stopping distance for a reaction time of 1.7 sec.
The maximum beam range (maximum illumination distance) indicates the beam distance or range which is required by the driver as a maximum at any instant of travel on dry roads with good visibility.
Corresponding considerations apply accordingly to the respective different reaction times for other road/visibility conditions.
For professional drivers, a minimum reaction time (dry road, good visibility) of about 0.4 sec is defined. The maximum reaction time for professional drivers is so defined that it is in the same ratio to the minimum reaction time of the professional driver as is the maximum reaction time to the minimum reaction time for an inexperienced driver. Corresponding relationships apply to other road/visibility conditions.
This means that the particular vehicle beam range actually set always lies between the two extreme values and is defined by
vehicle beam length=minimum beam range+R,
R depending on the reaction times.
The actual beam range (beam length) can thus also be set above the minimum beam range, in particular to a value between minimum beam range and maximum beam range as defined above.
The relationships set forth above define the fundamental outline conditions for determining the beam ranges of an automatic light system (ALS), and the person skilled in the art is thereby able by simple measurements to determine the exact numerical values for the various braking distances in dependence upon the vehicle data and the road conditions and for the reaction times in dependence upon the type of driver and visibility conditions.
In addition to the linking of minimum beam range and stopping distance, according to the invention the beam range and the beam intensity are to form a unit. For the inventor has recognised that for each of the above visibility situations a separate specific light intensity is necessary and accordingly the light intensity is adapted to the weather conditions, i.e. increased under poor visibility and reduced under better visibility. Also, the light intensity is to be adapted to the beam range so that with a short beam range no "overillumination" occurs and with a long beam range no "underillumination". Accordingly, when the beam range increases the light intensity is increased and when the beam range is reduced the light intensity is correspondingly reduced so that the light intensities in the illuminated area remain substantially constant.
Together with the Mario formula this gives a guarantee that at any instant of their journey all vehicles have a beam range and intensity which is always adapted to the stopping distance and takes account of the visibility conditions.
It is further achieved that on journeys in which the lighting is necessary the vehicle driver is always informed of the distance in which he is able to stop. In other: words, firstly for his journey the beam range made available is always adequate and secondly he is given an automatic indication of the distance within which he can stop. Accordingly, the automatic light system according to the invention fulfils two purposes, i.e. firstly the illumination of a (sufficient) distance and secondly the indication of the stopping distance.
Preferably, in a headlamp means according to the invention the reflectors are made pivotal, that is horizontally and/or vertically, so that by the alignment of the reflectors onto the road the illuminated area can follow curves at the same time and furthermore the beam range is adapted to the driving conditions. Alternatively, it is possible to make the entire headlamp, that is with reflector and bulbs, pivotal or also only to move the bulb accordingly. Combinations of the possibilities referred to above can also be implemented.
According to the invention the beam range is adjusted completely automatically, as is the setting of the beam direction (horizontal deflection) . The horizontal adjustment is always synchronised with the position of the steering wheel, either via the adjusting means or by a direct connection to the steering wheel.
According to the invention the adjustments for the horizontal position and the vertical position take place independently of each other and completely separately.
Fundamentally, the adjustment of the beam range and/or the beam direction should take place continuously; it is however also possible to adapt these parameters in steps, i.e. provide discrete values in suitable gradations.
The inclination of an angle of a vehicle changes for example with the loading of the vehicle. If for example the boot is arranged at the rear of the vehicle the inclination angle increases with increasing loading of the vehicle. This applies correspondingly to different load states of the vehicle.
To determine the inclination angle of the vehicle an inclination angle pickup is preferably provided on the vehicle. Preferably, said pickup determines not only the inclination angle of the vehicle with respect to the ground horizontal but the inclination angle with respect to the road surface. This is for example important when a vehicle is parked on a slope or the like. On the basis of the measurements of the inclination angle pickup the beam range can be corrected, firstly before starting the journey (load state) and secondly during the journey, for example on sudden braking or acceleration manoeuvres.
According to a further development of the invention a combination of main reflectors and fog reflectors or headlamps and foglamps may be provided which are controllable independently of each other, the fog reflectors being adapted to the particular requirements under poor visibility conditions. This leads to an unusual variety of adjustment possibilities and also to optimum adaptation of the lighting conditions to the road and weather conditions. According to the invention, at the start of the journey the reflectors or headlamps are set to an initial position which represents a minimum position below which other positions will normally not fall. The minimum position is defined for example in that it covers a beam range of up to 30 meters, which as a rule is sufficient for journeys within built-up areas, i.e. for speeds of about 50 km/h on a dry road with good visibility. Under different road/visibility conditions this distance of 30 m represents a correspondingly different speed.
Since the beam range depends not only on the vehicle-specific data (mounting height of the headlamps, illumination characteristics of the headlamps) but also on the load state, the minimum position is determined in dependence upon the signal of the inclination angle sensor.
With the light system according to the invention and the method for controlling a light system according to the invention, in addition the stresses on the senses of the vehicle driver are reduced and minimised because the beam range is automatically and continuously varied and thus no sudden illumination differences occur during the journey.
Since the beam range is automatically set to the necessary value, dazzling, for example with oncoming traffic or driving in a queue, is largely avoided, in particular when the maximum beam range defined above is not exceeded.
Furthermore, according to the invention it is possible for the vehicle driver to adjust the beam range between the value predefined by the stopping distance and the value predefined by the initial position defined above (minimum range). Preferably, the reduction of the beam range towards the initial position takes place at a minimum rate, i.e. when initiated by the vehicle driver the beam range is gradually reduced to a desired value. In contrast, the beam range is increased from a set value to the necessary value in as short a time as possible. Firstly, this subjects the eyes of the vehicle driver to relatively little stress (during the reduction) and secondly provides the necessary safety in that the minimum beam range (the necessary beam range) can be reset very rapidly.
In addition, a special emergency control is provided according to the invention. The emergency control relates to the case of full braking due to an obstruction on the road. In this case the beam range is reduced from the instant at which the brake pedal is actuated onwards, down to the actual braking distance. This means that when the vehicle driver actuates the brake pedal to effect a full braking the adjusting means reduces the beam range to the braking distance. Admittedly, this reduces the beam range, by the reaction distance; this is however of no consequence because at the instant under consideration the brakes have already been actuated and consequently the stopping travel is reduced to the braking travel. This has the advantage that possible obstructions such as pedestrians, animals or the like, are not dazzled by the vehicle. This is in contrast to known light control systems in which the beam range is increased in an emergency (DE-A-3545459). It is however important to avoid dazzling pedestrians or dazzling wild animals; at the same time, after actuation of the brake pedal an indication is given to the driver within which distance he can stop.
Examples of the embodiment of the invention will be explained with the aid of the attached drawings, wherein
FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration of a motor vehicle with the automatic light system according to the invention,
FIG. 2 is a plan view and side elevation of a reflector or lamp,
FIG. 3 is an illustration of the illumination characteristics in extreme positions of the reflectors,
FIG. 4 explains the horizontal dipping technique according to the invention,
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration to explain the beam range and direction,
FIG. 6 shows an arrangement having two reflectors,
FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration to explain the beam width,
FIG. 8 is an illustration to explain various light and reflector forms,
FIG. 9 shows a further reflector form,
FIG. 10 is a schematic illustration of a further reflector form,
FIG. 11 is an illustration of the illumination form,
FIG. 12 is a schematic illustration of the entire system,
FIG. 13 shows a variant of the operating panel,
FIG. 14 is a schematic illustration to explain a universal program during the journey,
FIG. 15 is an illustration to explain an emergency program during the journey and
FIG. 16 is a schematic illustration of the entire system.
In the description of the invention the term "beam range" denotes the maximum distance which is illuminated by the headlamp system, i.e. the end point of the illuminated area.
FIG. 1 shows schematically a motor vehicle, in particular a private motor car 100. In addition to the usual operating and equipment elements, such as a headlamp system 70, steering, gearshift, engine, etc., the vehicle 100 also has an input means 80, an adjusting or control means (multicomputer) 60 for the headlamp unit 70, a vibration sensor 10 and an inclination angle pickup 20. The control means 60 serves to control or regulate the beam range of the headlamp unit 70 and is connected to the input means 80, the vibration sensor 10, the inclination angle pickup 20 and the headlamp unit 70.
The control means 60 continuously receives speed data Dv from a speed sensor 40 (i.e. via a rotary speed sensor,.-the tachometer, the drive unit, a separate measuring device or the like). Data Dl indicating the actual steering angle are sent to the control means via a steering angle pickup 30 which can be mounted on the steering linkage itself or on a suitable component, for example a wheel. From fixed preset data Df concerning the vehicle characteristics, such as type and tires, on which-the braking travel is dependent, together with data Ds on the road conditions and
Dw on the weather conditions, which are entered via the input means 80 by the driver, the control means 60 determines in dependence upon the information Dv from the sensor 40 the optimum value for the setting of the reflectors and/or the lamps 70 of the headlamp unit.
In particular, via the signal Dl of the steering angle pickup 30 the "horizontal position" of the headlamps is set in dependence upon the steering angle.
The inclination angle pickup 20 serves to determine the inclination angle of the vehicle longitudinal axis (horizontal axis) to the road in order to be able to make the initial setting of the headlamp unit 70, as will be described hereinafter.
The inclination angle pickup should not determine the inclination angle to the vertical, since when the vehicle is parked on a slope this would give an incorrect value, but the inclination of the horizontal axis of the motor vehicle to the road.
Apart from the values of the aforementioned sensors, further parameters are decisive, in particular the braking distance of the vehicle depending upon the weight, the road conditions, the equipment of the vehicle, etc.
As illustrated already in FIG. 1, the adjusting means 60 acts on the reflectors. An example of a reflector is illustrated in FIG. 2. FIG. 2 shows on the left side a plan view of the reflector R which is pivotally mounted in the vertical direction about an axis 1-2. The right side of FIG. 2 shows the reflector R in side elevation. Fundamentally, the reflector has a conventional configuration but is provided with a drive V for pivoting in the vertical direction. The lighting system preferably consists of at least two reflectors which are arranged on the right and left side of the vehicle; in a motor cycle only one corresponding reflector is provided.
Of course, the reflector drive V may be mechanical, fluid-operated, i.e. pneumatic, hydraulic or electrohydraulic, or may be electrically operated, the mechanical variant being however less advisable. The horizontal drive is not shown but can be configured accordingly. The horizontal drive is connected to the steering wheel, directly or via the steering angle pickup 30, and is consequently completely synchronised with the steering wheel movement.
FIG. 3 shows schematically the adjusting possibilities for a single reflector or lamp.
A is a plan view of a reflector and shows the horizontal setting positions of the reflector, a centre position Mi (in which it is directed along the vehicle longitudinal axis), a maximum right position Re and a maximum left position Li which can be assumed by the headlamp or the reflector R in dependence upon the angle lock of the steering wheel. Via the drive V the reflector can be pivoted in infinitely variable manner between the two extreme positions Re and Li depending upon the control by the control means. This adjustment is referred to hereinafter as "horizontal technique".
Safety margins Rr and Rl (positions shown in black) are provided to ensure sufficient adjusting range even in all extreme positions.
B and C are side elevations of the reflector and show the reflector R in a maximum downwardly inclined position Pk in which a minimum beam range is achieved, and in an upright position Pw in which a maximum beam range is achieved. Safety margins Rb and Ra are likewise provided for necessary manual adjustments. Here as well the control of the position of the reflectors is effected in infinitely variable manner by the control means 60 between the two maximum positions. These adjustments are referred to hereinafter accordingly as "vertical technique".
It should be emphasised here that basically the vertical technique and the horizontal technique are independent of each other, i.e. the vertical and horizontal adjustments take place separately of each other.
The illustrations D and E are schematical illustrations of front views of the reflector in various adjustment positions. The curves denoted by reference numerals result from the following combinations:
Re with Pk: Circle 210
Li with Pk: Circle 220
M with Pk: Ellipse 200
M with Pw: Circle 230
Li with Pw: Ellipse 240
Re with Pw: Ellipse 250
In conventional technique in which the horizontal positions of the reflectors are not adjustable, the road is not illuminated in optimum manner in curves. This is made clear by the illustration of FIG. 4. The illumination cone 400 of a vehicle 21 is directed on to the oncoming lane and can therefore dazzle oncoming traffic. The illumination cone 400' of the vehicle 11 illuminates the area lying adjacent the road. In contrast, by employing the horizontal technique the illumination cone is varied in accordance with the steering angle and consequently according to the invention the illumination cones 300, 300' result for the vehicles and the road is illuminated in optimum manner without dazzling oncoming traffic.
The system described so far operates as follows:
Before starting his journey via the input or operating unit 80 the driver introduces data into the system, that is a) on the road conditions (dry, wet, snow, ice), b) on the visibility conditions (I: good, II: average as in rain or mist, III: poor as in fog or heavy snowfall).
This information is stored as data Ds and Dw in the control unit. On the basis of the signals of the vibration sensor 10 the control means determines in an auxiliary routine I whether the (stationary) vehicle has come to rest (the passengers have taken their seats and the load is in place). If this is the case the control means determines in the auxiliary routine I the inclination angle of the vehicle to the road and adjusts an initial position (that is a predetermined minimum beam range) for the vertical technique. This completes the initialisation of the automatic light system in the auxiliary routine I.
During the journey, from the fixed data Df on the vehicle, the entered data Ds, Dw on the road and visibility conditions and the data Dv of the speed sensor, the control means continuously determines in a universal routine I the momentarily necessary minimum beam range in accordance with the stopping travel and sets this range via the vertical technique proceeding from the initial position or from the last existing position. Correspondingly, on the basis of the data Dl of the steering angle pickup 30 the beam direction is set via the horizontal technique.
These operations are illustrated in FIG. 5. During the journey, via the vertical technique (V) the minimum beam range L is continuously and infinitely variably increased (arrow+) or reduced (arrow-) in accordance with the instantaneous speed, and with the horizontal technique (H) the beam direction is adjusted in accordance with the steering angle between the two maximum positions Re and Li.
During the execution of the universal routine I, the inclination angle is continuously monitored in accordance with the auxiliary routine I. If the auxiliary routine detects a change of the inclination angle, i.e. on sudden braking or acceleration, the auxiliary routine adjusts the position of the reflectors in accordance with the modified inclination angle.
Although it is assumed in the above illustration that the settings can be made in infinitely variable manner, it is of course possible to conduct the settings in smaller steps provided that the steps satisfy the requirements regarding minimum beam range and beam direction; such discrete settings are to be covered by the term "infinitely variable".
To permit optimum adaptation of the illumination to the weather conditions, preferably a light system having two lamps or reflectors per vehicle a side is employed (system 2+2).
FIG. 6 shows a plan view of a combined headlamp with a main reflector H (or lamp) and a fog reflector N (or lamp). The two reflectors are arranged on horizontal vertical pivot axes 1-2, 1'-2' and are adjusted independently of each other as regards the beam range. Between the reflectors H and N a clearance A is provided so that the reflectors cannot strike against each other.
It is of course also possible to arrange the lamps (or reflectors) in a different manner, for example vertically one beneath the other. The observations made on the individual reflector apply accordingly to the adjustment of the beam range and beam direction and consequently further description is not necessary.
The main and fog reflectors are used in accordance with the previously mentioned visibility conditions; in stage I (good visibility) only the main reflectors are used. In stage II (average visibility) the main reflectors are activated but are left in their initial position and only the fog reflectors are operated in vertical technique. In stage III (poor visibility) both the main reflectors and the fog reflectors are operated in the manner according to the invention.
FIG. 7 schematically shows variation of the beam width. The beam width of fixed part 1 of the vehicle light (line F=30 m) is narrowed to a minimum, which is possible due to the horizontal movement; the beam width is adapted, with a fixed reflector angle, to the road category and with respect to road security, in particular to a necessary width Bmin and occasionally a supplement (+).
By the form of the reflectors and the vertical technique, it is achieved that the end line of the vehicle beam range can be configured in any desired form. For example, FIG. 8 shows the dependence of the form of this end line on the reflector form for three different cases: A rounded, B straight, C stepped (asymmetric). In particular in the case of asymmetry it must be ensured that only the vehicle's own lane is illuminated because otherwise dazzling could occur due to the vertical adjustment.
Preferably, according to the invention reflectors in elongated form are used which considerably improve the illumination of the area in front of the vehicle; such a reflector is shown for example in FIG. 9.
According to a further development the automatic light system is additionally provided with a light sensor. The light sensor is arranged externally on the vehicle and measures the average external light intensity independently of instantaneous dazzling, shade, and the like, and passes the corresponding signals to the control means 60. The control means analyses the signals for various purposes:
when the external light intensity exceeds a predetermined value the driver is informed that the lights are to be switched on,
in dependence upon the external light intensity (change day-night) the light intensity of the vehicle lighting is regulated, i.e. with decreasing external light intensity is made more intense or vice versa. This may be done in steps or, in a further development, in continuous manner so that lighting intensity adapted to the external light intensity is automatically set.
FIG. 10 shows schematically a vehicle equipped with a light sensor 110, the light sensor being arranged in two different positions A, B. The light sensor is so constructed that it is substantially sensitive only to a light incidence of 180� from the travelling direction and is protected from light incidence from following vehicles. The mounting shown in FIG. 10 on the roof of the vehicle (position A) is to be preferred to the position B in the front region of the vehicle.
Admittedly, in the ideal case the minimum beam range is strictly dependent on the instaneous stopping distance.
However, for practical reasons it has been found expedient to proceed as described below.
At a speed of about 50 km/h for nearly all vehicles the minimum beam range is about 30 m. This beam range is fixedly set as the predefined minimum beam range Mi in the initial position (initialisation) and retained (PART 1) until a greater necessary minimum beam range results from the stopping distance determined (PART 2). FIG. 11 illustrates this situation with the aid of two different light forms adapted in optimum manner to the formula "vehicle beam length=minimum beam length+R". With a stationary vehicle (initialisation) and up to a speed of about 50 km/h the vehicle has a fixed beam range up to the line F; at a higher speed the beam range is variable and accordingly goes beyond said line. The control is thus divided into two sections, i.e. a first section in which the beam range is kept constant and a second section in which the beam range is adjusted to the stopping distance.
FIG. 12 shows schematically the configuration of the entire system with the components described above. The core of the system is a multicomputer 300 in which the input or operating unit 80 and the control means 60 are combined and which receives the data Dv, Dl and Da as described above. Fixedly stored, for example in a ROM, the multicomputer contains the vehicle-specific data for calculating the braking distance. Via a keyboard 310 the road and visibility-specific data Ds and Dw are entered. As already mentioned, the road conditions are divided into four possible categories, i.e. dry, wet, covered with snow and covered with ice. On the operating panel a separate column is assigned to each of these conditions. The rows of the operating panel are assigned to the different visibility conditions, that is good I, average II and poor III, so that twelve different combinations result for determining the stopping distance which all differ from each other and lead to completely different demands on the minimum beam range and intensity.
In particular, the individual basic stages will be set forth here:
Basic stage DRY
the stage I (best visibility) corresponds to a dry road and good weather,
the stage II (average visibility) corresponds to a dry road and mist, slight fog, or the like,
the stage III corresponds to a dry road and medium fog or the like (this being only brief because the fog leads relatively rapidly to a wet road).
Basic stage RAIN
I: wet road in fine weather, light rain or slight fog (mist),
II: wet road with medium rain or medium fog,
III: wet road with heavy rain or dense fog.
Basic stage SNOW
I: snow on the road and fine weather, light snowfall or slight fog,
II: snow on the road and medium snowfall or medium fog,
III: snow on the road and heavy snowfall or dense fog.
Basic stage ICE
I: ice on the road and good weather, slight rain, fog or snowfall,
II: ice on the road and medium rain, snowfall or fog,
III: ice on the road and heavy rain, snowfall or dense fog.
For all these total of twelve stages the respective braking distances and reaction times or distances and the necessary illumination intensities are determined and preset in the input unit so that on selection of one of the twelve basic stages the corresponding values can be called up and on the basis thereof the beam ranges and intensities can be adapted in optimum manner.
After the driver has selected the suitable one of the twelve stages and if necessary selected the driver category (inexperienced, professional driver), the multicomputer determines the stopping travel for each instantaneous speed and further determines
which reflectors are to be used (only H controlled, H fixed or only N controlled or H+N controlled),
the vertical position of the reflectors used,
the horizontal position of the reflectors used,
the light intensity necessary with the instantaneous vertical position and according to the light signals of the light sensor 110, and passes corresponding control signals to the individual horizontal and vertical drives and via a light intensity regulator 360 to the supply system for the headlamps.
In this manner, at any instant the vehicle always has the necessary beam range and luminous intensity and always offers the road users optimum safety.
Of course, it is possible to calculate the beam range; it has been found expedient to determine the values of the respective beam ranges in advance and associate them with corresponding speeds in a "Table". For each of the twelve stages a separate Table is then compiled in advance and during the journey the beam range belonging to the speed travel is called up.
In a further development a sensor means is provided on the vehicle which automatically determines whether the road is dry, wet, covered with snow or icey. The operating panel may then be simplified as shown in FIG. 13. Via a display 320 the driver is informed of the road condition by a symbol or writing and he needs only further enter the information on the visibility conditions. Furthermore, an exchangeable module 330 is provided in which the vehicle-specific data are stored and called up by the multicomputer. If changes are made to the vehicle (for example the tires) it is only necessary to modify or exchange the module; the same applies when the automatic light system is installed in a different vehicle. For checking, the most important vehicle data are indicated visible to the driver on the outside of the module.
According to a preferred embodiment the control system continuously regulates the beam range to about the stopping distance and because of the control of the light intensity and width the dazzling of other road users is not actually possible; it is however expedient to provide the possibility of temporarily reducing the beam range area, for example with oncoming traffic. For this purpose, according to the invention a universal routine II is provided which is initiated via operating elements 350, for example keys on the steering wheel 340 (FIG. 12). After actuating one of the operating elements, in accordance with FIG. 15 the control means reduces (-) the beam range continuously down to the aforementioned minimum value M so that any possible dazzling of oncoming traffic is avoided. If it is not necessary to reduce the beam range to the minimum value Mi, for example because the oncoming vehicle has meanwhile passed, by renewed actuating of the operating element the prescribed operation is reversed and the control means increases (+) the beam range again to the value of the stopping distance. The sequence of the universal routine II is thereby completed.
For safety reasons, the control should be such that the beam range is reduced at as slow as possible a rate and increased at as fast as possible a rate. In this manner, on an average the illuminated area is kept as large as possible even on reducing the beam range.
In FIG. 15 the conditions for an emergency are shown, i.e. a full braking. In particular, the stopping distance is divided schematically into the braking distance Bw and the reaction distance Rw (illustration 1). In the case of an emergency braking because for example an obstruction H suddenly appears, an emergency signal is emitted which initiates the sequence of the universal routine III in which the control means automatically reduces the beam range to the instantaneously still required braking distance length (illustration 2) until the initial value of the beam range is reached and the vehicle is stationary (illustration 3). As a result, for example, people or wild animals are not unnecessarily dazzled. This is in contrast to known systems which in an emergency increase the illumination intensity, additionally dazzling wild animals or persons on the road, this being eliminated with the suggestion according to the invention. In addition, the operating person is given, at least during the start of the braking operation, information on the braking distance then still remaining.
The emergency control (universal routine III) operates whenever a full braking is performed. Consequently, the emergency signal may be generated for example by a means monitoring the braking system (pedal, brake line), or by an acceleration sensor; it is also possible to generate the emergency signal in the control means itself by converting the speed signal by differentiating to an acceleration value and comparing this value with a predetermined value corresponding to a full braking.
Apart from the preferred first variant of the universal routine III for the emergency explained above, other variants are also possible. In the second variant in the event of an emergency braking the beam range is not changed; it thus remains constant at the value of the stopping distance just before the brakes were actuated. Consequently, during the braking operation a very extensive area is illuminated, this giving on the one hand a better view but on the other involving the disadvantages of dazzling other persons or animals as described above.
The third variant resides in that the beam range in the event of an emergency braking is kept fixed with respect to the road, i.e. the beam range is so controlled that the most distant point still illuminated is fixed and the beam range can then be correspondingly reduced as the vehicle approaches this point until the minimum beam range is reached. With this procedure other road users or animals are not dazzled as much as with the second variant and consequently this variant is to be preferred to the second variant.
It must however be emphasised that the emergency control illustrated at the beginning in which in the event of an emergency braking the beam range is adjusted to the braking distance appears to be the most expedient possibility to the inventor because the resulting beam range in this case is sufficient for every aspect and least impairs other road users.
Summarising, it may be concluded that with the system according to the invention the driver is permanently and continuously provided with an indication of the distance within which he can stop. This provides a considerable safety advantage; such a possibility is not provided by any of the known lighting systems.
Since during the journey changes in visibility and/or road conditions may occur, according to the invention an auxiliary routine II is provided which implements a switching between the twelve stages of the ALS. For example, it may occur during the journey that the basic stage (according to FIG. 12) must be changed, for example on a change from "visibility good, I" to "average II". For this case, at the operating panel a switch must be made from lighting with only the headlamps and lighting with the foglamps, and this is done with said auxiliary routine II. After the switching-over referred to, the fog reflectors are switched on and set to the value predefined by the stopping distance. Correspondingly, the headlamps are set to the initial value Mi and thereafter switched off. These operations may take place simultaneously or consecutively.
The control operations running in the automatic light system according to the invention will be again briefly illustrated below in their context:
At the start of the journey an initial control (auxiliary routine I) is effected which sets the initial position of the headlamps, this being based on the values of the inclination angle pickup as soon as the vibration sensor indicates that the vehicle has come to rest.
Thereafter the universal control I runs and during the entire journey, proceeding from the initial beam range, adapts the beam range to the stopping distance (see FIG. 14), possibly in dependence upon the inclination angle via the auxiliary routine I. This universal routine runs during the entire journey with the following exceptions:
In the universal routine II (FIG. 14) the driver can "dip", i.e. arbitrarily reduce the beam range to the minimum value, the reduction taking place as slow as possible and the increase (corresponding to "switching to main beam") taking place as fast as possible. There is also the possibility of shortening the beam only to the extent that the beam range is reduced so that oncoming traffic is not disturbed by the light.
A further exception is the emergency control (universal routine III), that is the alternative of the emergency control I in which the beam range is set to the braking distance and the emergency control II in which the beam range is kept constant at the value of the braking distance before the braking, or the emergency control III in which the beam range is fixed to a line defined by the end of the stopping distance on the road just before the emergency braking.
In addition, when switching over the driving stages the auxiliary routine II illustrated above is used and sets the headlamps and foglamps in accordance with the stage selected.
Fundamentally, with the ALS according to the invention it is not essential for asymmetric light to be present. Also, with the aid of the illumination angle of the reflectors the light may be formed as desired in its width. This means that from each side it is possible to achieve a greater or smaller safety margin without any problem. In particular, according to the invention the beam width is adapted to the respective width of the road category (for example country road, 2-lane) so that the vehicle's own lane is always illuminated in optimum manner and oncoming traffic is not dazzled.
The fixed part of 30 m is also provided for all light constructions of the other ALS basic stages as "dry I". In these cases the fixed beam range of 30 m is exceeded even at a lower travelling speed than 50 km/h.
All the controls described here can be implemented in simple manner by the person skilled in the art, for example by means of a microprocessor system or the like with a central processing unit, memories, interfaces, etc.; since these components belong to the art they are not be described here.
The automatic light system according to the invention and shown again as a whole in FIG. 16 is a multifunctional system (programs and information) in which fixed programs with fixed data on the vehicle type, with adjustable data on the road condition and visibility ratios and instantaneous data on the speed form a system for controlling the beam range and the beam intensity of the vehicle. Adjustments are made at the start of the journey (auxiliary routine I), this being done on the basis of-the inclination angle (extra information I) and the external light (extra information II). During the journey the beam range and intensity are controlled by three universal routines and two auxiliary routines in dependence upon extra information and the universal information--speed. This multifunctional system (programs and information) forms the sole practical method of being able to control the beam range and intensity reliably during every instant of the journey.
It should be noted that the invention is not restricted to the embodiments illustrated here and modifications are possible. The scope of the invention is defined solely by the attached claims.
Patent Citations
Referenced by
Legal Events
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NEW YORK - JUNE 23: Actress Annabella Sciorra as Queen Mermaid takes pictures with iPhone at 30th annual Mermaid parade on Coney Island in Brooklyn on June 23, 2012 in New York City.
- Image ID: 105888554
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Articles tagged brstanly tuccibr
25 Apr 2010 // 10:00 PM
The author's 'heaven' is a concrete and unexpected place with"lumbering women throwing shot put and javelin"; whereas the filmmaker's interpretation changes 'heaven' to something like a garish, 3-D Hallmark card.READ more
//Mixed media
Colette Carr "Static" (video) (Premiere) // Music
House of Blondes "First of July" (audio) (premiere) // Music
Digisaurus 'No More Room For Love' (EP stream) // Music
Eszter Balint 'Airless Midnight' (album stream) (premiere) // Music
//Pm Picks
PopMatters is on a short summer publishing break. We resume Monday, July 6th.
// Announcements
"PopMatters is on a short summer publishing break. We resume Monday, July 6th.READ the article


text: No recent wiki edits to this page. Later we see that Sergeant Superior is alive. AfterZechariah and Gary fooledJacobson and his pack that Zechariah was killed, Zechariah rushed to is house where Zechariah said that he needed a drink. There we see that he is alive. Sergeant Superior arrives to area where the Actioneers where fighting Wolf-Man revealing he is a vampire. After he stops the Actioneers from attacking Wolf-Man, he lets Wolf-Man go. Next we see him kill all of theActioneers and turn them into vampires. We then see he has be taking orders from Zechariah.


text:
The two candidates had made a deal to avoid cutaway shots while one of them was not speaking. But Fox, the network pool producer, was not in on the deal (and neither were the networks who were not shooting the debates). The candidates should have been aware of that, but did not seem prepared for errant television cameras.
So, when Bush was speaking, Kerry persisted in his annoying habit -- usually exhibited when he is being applauded -- of nodding his head up and down. Bush was much worse. He appeared at his least attractive: smirking, bored, annoyed, looking as though this were the last place in the world he wanted to be. Republican pollster Frank Luntz's focus group of undecided voters were most unhappy with Bush's smirking and his lament that the presidency is such "hard work."
For his part, Kerry persisted in spreading urban legends. He once again claimed that President Bush fired Gen. Eric Shinseki as chief of staff of the U.S. Army because he demanded more troops for Iraq. That is simply not true (as a Kerry military spinner, retired Gen. Wesley Clark, sheepishly admitted after the debate). Kerry insisted that North Korea obtained nuclear arms during the current Bush administration when in fact the breakthrough came under Bill Clinton.
The greater Bush letdown, however, was his failure to fully point up Kerry's inconsistencies on foreign policy -- especially Iraq. He never capitalized on the senator's inability to explain his votes and his past statements.
Can a front-runner really lose the election because of poor debating skills? He might if the debate exposes the candidate's basic flaws. That's why Bush supporters are worried about the town hall debate Friday in St. Louis.
NRA: Uh, don't use the gay marriage ruling to justify national reciprocity on concealed carry, folks | Matt Vespa
Obama on ISIS: "Ideologies are not defeated with guns, they are defeated by better ideas" | Allahpundit


text:
Originally written on Diehardsport | Last updated 3/12/13
ATLANTA - SEPTEMBER 21: Warren Sapp #99 of the Tampa Bay Buccaneers points to the stands against the Atlanta Falcons on September 21, 2003 at the Georgia Dome in Atlanta, Georgia. The Buccaneers defeated the Falcons 31-10. (Photo by Craig Jones/Getty Images)
While covering the first day of free agency, NFL Network brought on former Chiefs GM Scott Pioli to do a live interview on Total Access. During the interview, Warren Sapp was off-camera and didn't realize his mic was on. They started to discuss the New England Patriots draft strategy and Sapp can be heard muttering, "oh s*** no no no, it's the same f****** speech we had Mike Lombardi do, the f****** Bill Belichick f****** angle." You gotta love live TV. [YouTube]
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text:
Starship Size Argument thread
View Single Post
May 10 2013, 09:50 AM
King Daniel Into Darkness
Location: England
Re: Starship Size Argument thread
^The "78 decks" thing was added at Shatner's insistece, over the objections of the producers. The shuttlebay in STV is the same size as the one in TOS-R. The TMP matte painting is, unfortunately, a little oversized for a 1000'/305m USS Enterprise (ditto engineering and the rec deck)
WarpFactorZ wrote:
It is absolutely arguable, because each person in each window and each shuttlecraft passing through the same bay door produces different scale sizes.
Proof? I've heard you say this a to but each time you've said it, I've shown you you're wrong, and even proved how with diagrams and screengrabs! Yet you persist that the windows and shuttlebay change sizes. The evidence is in this thread.
Kruezerman wrote:
No it's not. You've tried, and many others have tried, but your points don't stand up to the evidence.
The "evidence": when taking off for the Narada, Pike's shuttle swoops over the lip of the stern. It stretches between the "C-17" on the back. If you assume the shuttle is between 3.5m-4m across, you get the width of the shuttle bay door is between 15-20m across. Scaling everything else gives a ship length of between 300-400m, and height of about 60-70m.
So, the ONLY "evidence" that the ship is some ludicrous 750m is the ONE scene of shuttles landing in a ginormous shuttle bay -- something which is never seen again in the whole movie.
Verdict: ship is between 300-400m long.
As Scotty would say: up your shaft.
Wrong again, I'm afraid. You might want to learn about perspective - the shuttle is the size of the "C-" as it flies over the rim of the bay, directly over the camera - exactly the size they are during the earlier scene. The camera was just a lot further away in the prior scene. See the size of the registry numbers in the two scenes.
We also see the huge bay as Pike, Kirk, Sulu and Olsen board the shuttle, and as it leaves the bay through the cockpit window - hardly "only once". The enourmous shuttlebay is featured prominenty in
Star Trek Into Darkness
Did I mention the doors on either side ofthr shuttlebay? Keenser wouldn't fit through them on a 350m Enterprise.
Once again I have to say, they are not hiding a secret smaller Enterprise in there for "true believers" to find.
Star Trek Imponderables
, fun mashups of Trek's biggest continuity errors!
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text: This undated photo provided by the Fresno Police Department shows Lawrence Jones. Jones, a parolee who worked at a California chicken processing plant, pulled a gun and opened fire at the business on Tuesday, Nov. 6, 2012 killing at least two people and wounding two others, before taking his own life, authorities said. (AP Photo/Fresno Police Department)


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I mean for a returning all american, hes under the radar.
For a guy who has never placed lower than 3rd at the NCAA's he maybe one of the more under rated wrestlers ever.
Ahhh whats wrong with me!! I need to proofread...
You're just pre-occupied with your brother's graduation!
Little do they know the hellhole that is Norman, Oklahoma. I am so excited for 165 next year.
Who was the guy championing Dallas Bailey as a potential AA ? Jammen ?


text:
Epic ride across Africa 4 months of fun
View Single Post
Joined: Dec 2012
Location: France
Oddometer: 23
I love to find free wifi in a nice backpack !! So guys you and me are lucky today, I can upload my pics and you can enjoy !
I am in stellenbosch, drinking a nice red wine listening to lounge music, Africa is really tough sometimes
So what can be said ? South Africa is really really amazing, nature is really beautiful and ride in these roads is a superb experience, guys you have to do it !!
Just before retrieving the bike we do some game reserve and it was a great moment even if it was 5am
just amazing to see this !
But I know what guys wanna see, hardcore stuff, pics for the boys, so here we go !!!
Bike is coming
On thursday 2pm I went to the store of Econotrans in Cape Town, and I have to admit that they were really friendly and helpful, they already had uncrated the bile and it was not a funny job with all screws I had put
So we had to get it quickly
Do an oil change
Re-install, battery, handlebar, front fender and front wheel
And after 2 hours of works
The day after was the first ride, and guys you know travel with a girl is not so easy ! Pack light !!
That was our first attempt to load the bike and it was a nightmare, we have a better technique but bike is really not happy with all this load, but wheeling are easy now
We move from Cape town to hout bay to enjoy this beautiful road
Watch the wild life
And eventually take the mandatory pic !
I will not tell you that I have to fight with 50 tourists to take this one, that the bike has fell down just under the sign
Now we are about to drive the wine road
and after ? no plan so far !
So stay tune until the next wifi
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text:
West Seattle Homes For Sale in Seattle
West Seattle was the original landing place of Seattle's first settlers. With saltwater sandy beaches, views of downtown Seattle and the islands in the Puget Sound, and easy access to SeaTac Airport as well as downtown, West Seattle is a very popular destination for new residents of the Seattle area. Highly-regarded neighborhoods like Admiral, Alki and Alaska Junction proved plenty of outdoor recreation, shopping, and entertainments, as well as quieter residential communities. From waterfront view condos to historic tree-lined streets, West Seattle has a wide range of neighborhoods and lifestyles available.
Search West Seattle real estate listings:
West Seattle, Seattle
The West Seattle neighborhood is located in West Seattle. Homes for sale in West Seattle include foreclosures (bank-owned homes), short sales, new construction, and traditional resale homes. Home styles range from condos to townhomes and single-family homes.
West Seattle Market Statistics
Our West Seattle market research helps you make more informed decisions about homes in West Seattle. Each week we publish market updates for West Seattle, in its 98146 zip code. You can see the latest trends in pricing, affordability, supply and demand. We invest in this research so our clients always have the latest insights to make the best decisions with confidence.
Seattle's West Seattle Neighborhood Real Estate Statistics For Zip Code 98146:.
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Ceres Seeks Submissions for 2007 Sustainability Report Awards
Sep 11, 2007
- The Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA) and Ceres, a US-based coalition of investors and environmental groups, today called for submissions to the sixth annual Ceres-ACCA North American Awards for Sustainability Reporting. The application deadline is Oct. 26 and the winners will be announced in spring 2008.
Exelon Joins Ceres' Network of Companies
Jan 28, 2011
- Exelon, one of the nation's largest energy companies, has been approved as a Ceres network company by the Ceres board of directors. Exelon is among more than 25 Fortune 500 companies and eight electric power companies that have joined Ceres, a leading coalition of investors, environmental groups and public interest organizations working with companies to address sustainability challenges such as global climate change.
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You can now invite anyone to meet at your favorite Starbucks.
Limited-time feature
54 year old man | Fredericksburg, VA, USA | Seeking women 35-52 within 50 miles
Active within 24 hours
Comedy - love to laugh and make others laugh;...
Comedy - love to laugh and make others laugh; Dancing - if it has a beat, I'll dance to it (yes, some white guys can dance); Love to shoot pool, Running - 10K races or longer to keep in shape. I will be running my third and final full marathon (Marine Corps Marathon) this coming Oct; Motorcycles - own a Harley and as long as it's not raining and above 50 degrees, it's a good day to ride! :o). My bike has been painted in honor of all my Marine Corps brothers and sisters as well as all of those who paid the ultimate sacrifice; Traveling - I work for the Marine Corps and my job requires that I travel often, both around and out of the country. Enjoy traveling by bike, car or plane - seeing local sites, visiting other states or traveling overseas. Every place, like everyone, has its own unique beauty; Movies - like westerns, horror, drama, sci-fi, comedy or action; Hiking and Camping; Love to eat - not a picky eater (when you're the youngest of 11 kids, you learn real quick not to be picky!). I like all types of food - easier just to say that I'm not a big fan of super spicy foods. I like to cook, though I don't claim to be any good at it. :o); Music - I listen to all types of music except rap; Sports - I love all sports! Watching or playing - favorites being basketball, baseball, football, racquetball and bowling. Do all for fun. Though I am a competitive individual, I don't have to win but I will give it my best shot; like to Drink - socially. beer, mixed drinks and/or wine - depends on the situation/environment/occasion in which I am drinking.; Enjoy helping a friend out, yet will be the last one to ask for help; Love to sing - best when I'm in the shower! lol Love all animals - I have a White German Shepherd and a Greenwing Macaw. Also enjoy photography - mostly taking pictures of nature. Turn ons - pretty smile; a woman that likes to laugh and can hold a conversation; independence; likes to hold hand; soft/full lips Turn offs - rude people with the 'it's all about me' attitude. I was born in NJ, completed High School in NH. Spent 23 years in the Marine Corps and retired in Aug 2003. I am 6'2" and 205lbs. Not in the same shape that I was while on active duty, but I can still hold my own. I have very close family ties and though we are miles apart, no distance can break that bond. I am a loyal friend and fun to be around (from what I'm told) as I like to joke a lot. I will always make the best of any situation - for me the glass is always half full!! Life is short, let's have fun!
Camping , Coffee and conversation , Cooking , Dining out , Fishing/Hunting , Gardening/Landscaping , Movies/Videos , Music and concerts , Exploring new areas , Nightclubs/Dancing , Performing arts , Playing cards , Playing sports , Travel/Sightseeing , Volunteering , Watching sports , Wine tasting
Basketball, Billiards / Pool, Bowling, Dancing, Football, Golf, Other types of exercise, Running, Swimming, VolleyBall, Walking / Hiking, Weights / Machines
I exercise 1-2 times per week.
Don't display my sign
I have Birds, Dogs
I like Cats
Currently have a White German Shepherd dog and a Greenwing Macaw.
Middle of the Road
Germany, Korea, and Hawaii
Movies, comedy shows, dancing, riding motorcycles, travelling
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
|What he is looking for
|6'2" (187cms)
|5'2" (157cms) to 5'11" (180cms)
|Body type:
|About average
|Slender, Curvy, Athletic and toned, Full-figured
|Black, Blue, Brown, Grey, Green, Hazel
|Auburn / Red
|Auburn / Red, Black, Light brown, Dark brown, Blonde, Salt and pepper, Silver, Dark blonde
|No Way
|No Way
|Social Drinker
|No preference
|Political / Govt / Civil Service / Military
|No preference
I retired from the Marine Corps in 2003 and continue to work for the Corps.
|$100,001 to $150,000
|No preference
|No preference
|Have kids:
|Yes, and they live away from home (1)
|No preference
|Wants kids:
|No, but it's OK if my partner has kids
|Probably not
|White / Caucasian
|Asian, Black / African descent, East Indian, Latino / Hispanic, Middle Eastern, Native American, Pacific Islander, White / Caucasian
|I'll tell you later
|No preference
|High school
|No preference


text:
Salvation Army
Red Kettle Campaign Kicks Off
Today marks the start of the Salvation Army Red Kettle campaign.
PTL Links: Oct. 14, 2014
Some of today's topics include:
Get Marty: Airport Salvation Army Fundraiser's Job Saved
Next time you're at the airport, have a seat and watch Marilyn Darnley for a while.
Pittsburgh Airport Solicitor Ban Irks Some Fliers
Pittsburgh International Airport's decision to ban solicitors has upset some frequent fliers who have been greeted by the same stalwart Salvation Army worker for the last 16 years.
PTL Links: July 22, 2014
Some of today's topics include:
Money-Saving Tips For Camping
With warm weather and clear skies, heading out for a camping trip is one of America's most popular excursions. Here are some of the best money-saving tips while camping.
PTL Links: Feb. 27, 2014
Some of today's topics include:
Local DJ Broadcasts From Box For Salvation Army Fundraiser
There were some double takes at PPG Place when visitors encountered a man in a box Tuesday afternoon.
Bag Of Pot Found In Pants Donated To Salvation Army
Charity may begin at home, but in this instance it may end badly at a northwestern Pennsylvania Salvation Army outlet.
Hundreds In Need Get Christmas Dinner At Omni William Penn
For many of us, one of the staples of Christmas Day is getting together with family for a holiday meal.
Red Kettle Recovered
State police say they have found a stolen Salvation Army red kettle near the Monongahela River in Point Marion.
Salvation Army Flooded With Donations After Toys Damaged By Water
It was flooded by destructive waters with hundreds of toys damaged before Christmas.
Salvation Army Donation Kettle Stolen Outside Of Fayette Co. Grocery Store
Police are looking for the person who impersonated a Salvation Army bell ringer and stole a donation kettle.
Salvation Army Seeks Help To Replace Flood-Damaged Toys
The Salvation Army is asking for the public's help after hundreds of dollars of toys were damaged by flooding.
Unruly Crowd Causes Commotion At Salvation Army Toy Distribution
Organizers of a Salvation Army holiday toy distribution on Pittsburgh's North Side planned to bring in more staff today after a crowd turned unruly Friday.


text:
Chrissy H. Studios, LLC > Medical Specialties Chick T shirts and Doctor Gift > OB/GYN Chick T shirts and Gifts > OB/GYN Chick Oval Ornament
A yellow chick in blue scrubs, a lab coat and a stethoscope on apparel and Doctor's Day, physician, medical school graduation and resident gifts for a female obstetrician and gynecologist.
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text:
13-Month Ruled Calendars
Font-face: Garamond
Modeled after the Ruled Calendars, this version has 13 months and an empty header space in the upper left hand side where you can write a title - by hand. The 13-Month calendar is available starting in the months of January, May, June, July, August, and September. If you need a different starting month from those here, use the 13-Month Custom Calendar that my son made.
The 13-Month Ruled Calendar may also be used as a personal calendar, birthday & anniversary calendar, etc.
Donna Young, page updated for the year 2015
Site CD Content
On Donna Young's Site CD this calendar is is available up to the school year of 25-26. I also included an XLS file so that, if you can open XLS files, you can choose any starting month and year to make your 13-month school calendar.


text:
New HIV vaccine debuts in Ybor City
Concetta DeLuco
WMNF Drive-Time News Monday | Listen to this entire show:
Amid the festivities at Southern Exposure, the nationâs first all-gay carnival held in Ybor over the weekend, a press conference was held on Saturday to announce the next steps in the development of a new HIV vaccination.
Referred to as the âGaYbor District,â Ybor currently hosts the nationâs highest gay population. At the Hampton Inn, the Atlanta-based GeoVax Labs Inc. educated some of the cityâs residents and weekend visitors about the intended effects and next phase of their HIV vaccination.
Dr. Harriet Robinson is the lead researcher for and co-founder of GeoVax Labs. Robinson said the HIV vaccination has two different purposes. The first objective, Robinson said, is to use the vaccine to provide preventative care to non-infected individuals.
GeoVax Labâs second goal for the vaccine is a therapeutic application. Robinson said the vaccine is intended to treat people who have HIV, but have only contracted the virus within a year or less. She said the results from testing the vaccination so far have proven most successful in individuals who were recently infected as opposed to those who have had HIV for a long time.
Robinson said the results from testing the vaccine for preventative care have been better than the results for therapeutic treatment. The reason, Robinson said, is because AIDS destroys the immune system of those people already infected, but people need a strong immune system for a successful vaccination response.
There are more than 60,000 new HIV cases a year and many different strains of the virus affecting different regions, globally. Robinson said GeoVax Inc is working on one of the major HIV strains, which is Subtype B. It is the same type of virus that exists in North America, Europe, Japan and Australia. Robinson said that many other institutes are researching similar vaccinations, but so far, GeoVax Labâs vaccine has been among the most successful.
There are three phases of testing the vaccine. Mark Reynolds, chief financial officer for GeoVax Labs Inc., said the Phase 2 A Trial for preventative care is expected to last for a year and a half and cost $5 million. Phase 3, Reynolds said, is expected to cost $30 million. Reynolds said GeoVax is mostly funded by the government, but additional money is always needed.
Matthew Mushlin, a representative for GeoVax Labs, said that the majority of stock investors in GeoVax are members of the GLTB community, and for many it is their first investment.
George Molina is a gay man visiting from Fort Lauderdale. He said the gay community has become a proponent for the drug with the hope of finding a cure for the world.
Pending on whether the vaccine passes phase 2 and 3 and is approved by the FDA, GeoVax Labs says it hopes to make the vaccine affordable and available to all.comments powered by Disqus


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You can now invite anyone to meet at your favorite Starbucks.
Limited-time feature
31 year old man | Apple Valley, MN, USA | Seeking women 24-34 within 30 miles of Saint Paul, MN
Must be open-minded!
I found that a fact list for the 'about me' section allowed me to focus on a little bit of everything. Please read up and enjoy! If you would like to learn more, don't be afraid to ask me anything as I promise you, I am a very unique and nice guy :). - I am a Registered Nurse (RN) and a licensed Public Health Nurse (PHN). I currently work for a hospice agency in the Twin Cities with clients who have terminal illnesses. With the close personal losses I've had in my life, this field was a calling for me so I can support patients and families during a difficult time of transition. It has been extremely rewarding! - I previously worked many years in cardiac critical care and as a nursing instructor/professor at a local community college. - I highly value education and lifelong learning so I hope to hear from all of you college graduates! I attained my Masters in Nursing (MSN) in 2009 and hope to get either a post-master's degree or doctorate in the near future. I must add that I've been pleasantly surprised that many of whom I've talked to have been great at spelling and grammar (i.e. the differences between your and you're) since I've heard horror stories about how terrible some of the guys on here are! - I am a politically active progressive with liberal-leaning, open-minded views. I have always been a strong advocate for social justice, healthcare, and education. Volunteering is great too! - I would love to find a girl who shares similar views and is especially open-minded. - I am half-Japanese and half-German! I can get pretty tan in the summer if I try. - My musical tastes are quite eclectic. Depending on my mood, I generally listen mostly to rock or alternative including bands like Cold, Sevendust, Tool, The Killers, DMB, OAR, Imagine Dragons, Grouplove, and The Offspring. I particularly love going to concerts and festivals! I also love electronica music (I used to compose 'trance' music!), classical (I play piano, keyboard, and the trumpet too!), some hip-hop and rap (Eminem, Tupac, Dre), a little country (Toby Keith and Garth Brooks are the better ones), and even talk radio (sports and NPR). - I absolutely love to travel! I have been very fortunate to fly all over the country with my nurses union fighting for the working class. I have been to the carribean and even to Japan when I was younger to meet my relatives. - As for interests... I enjoy staying active as I manage a softball team year-round, play on a volleyball team, in a racquetball league, love running 5k's like the Warrior Dash (and tough mudder next year!) and hit up my local Lifetime regularly. I'm a big sports nut and enjoy watching football, baseball, and any MN sports teams. Other interests I enjoy include fishing, kayaking, hiking, camping, biking, GEOCACHING (ask if you don't know!), learning new things, playing piano, reading, being a big movie buff (I love Netflix and have a home theater system that is my pride and joy), and much more! I love having a great time! If you feel like you share some similar interests, views, or just want to say hello… don't be afraid to send a message my way! I can sometimes write a lot so I'd love to talk with you! :)
Alumni connections , Camping , Coffee and conversation , Business networking , Dining out , Fishing/Hunting , Movies/Videos , Music and concerts , Exploring new areas , Nightclubs/Dancing , Performing arts , Playing sports , Political interests , Travel/Sightseeing , Video games , Volunteering , Watching sports
Baseball, Billiards / Pool, Bowling, Cycling, Football, Hockey, Martial arts, Other types of exercise, Running, Swimming, Tennis / Racquet sports, VolleyBall, Walking / Hiking, Weights / Machines
I exercise 3-4 times per week.
I like Dogs, Fish, Horses
Fishing on any lake. The Caribbean. San Francisco. The Capitol building when lobbying. Weightlifting at the gym. Playing Softball. Lanesboro, MN. Discovering new bike trails. Camping in the parks.
Winona State University, Winona, MN
I love to get outside and enjoy the world. Laying out and enjoying the summertime is the best! Driving my moped around. I've always enjoyed hot sauce and buffalo wings. Please don't judge me when my nose is dripping though :).
I'm an avid outdoorsman so I love hiking, camping, fishing, and kayaking. When out geocaching, I love discovering new lakes, parks, and other beautiful areas MN has. I also have a great home theater so days in watching movies are always entertaining!
I enjoy reading magazines such as Backpacker, Field & Stream, nursing and union-focused ones, and football news. For books, I read political/religious thrillers such as those by Vince Flynn. I also enjoy horror short stories (and movies!).
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
|What he is looking for
|6'2" (187cms)
|5'0" (152cms) to 6'3" (190cms)
|Body type:
|About average
|Slender, About average, Curvy, Athletic and toned
|No preference
|Dark brown
|No preference
|No Way, Occasionally, Daily, Cigar aficionado, Yes, but trying to quit
|Social Drinker
|No preference
|Medical / Dental / Veterinary / Fitness
|No preference
I'm an RN Case Manager for a hospice company. I am a former cardiac critical care nurse at a large Twin Cities hospital. I also taught multiple nursing courses at a local community college. I've even dabbled in public health working with the homeless
|I'll tell you later
|No preference
|Never Married
|No preference
|Have kids:
|Wants kids:
|Definitely, Someday, Not sure
|Asian, White / Caucasian, Other
|White / Caucasian
Half-Japanese, half-German. It's a cool mix! Surprisingly, I am really tall and bulky for being the son of a 5'3" Asian mother!
|Spiritual but not religious
|Agnostic, Atheist, Buddhist / Taoist, Christian / Catholic, Christian / LDS, Christian / Protestant, Jewish, Spiritual but not religious, Other, Christian / Other
I would consider myself more private and spiritual. I believe in living a selfless life helping the less fortunate!
|Graduate degree
|Some college, Bachelors degree, Graduate degree, PhD / Post Doctoral
I have a Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) that I attained in November '09. I previously graduated in May of '07 with a major in Nursing and a minor in Psychology. Eventually, I would love to pursue a post-master's, an NP license, and/or a PhD!


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Floor It
We tested the latest vacuums to find the right tools for your home's carpet, tile, and wood.
Courtesy of Bissell Homecare Inc.
Best Multitasker
Bissell Symphony All in One Vacuum and Steam Mop, bissell.com. This combination tool lets you suck and steam separately or simultaneously. It works on nearly all your floor surfaces.
Related Links
Household Chores During Pregnancy: Safe or Not?
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Courtesy of Soniclean
Most Allergy-Friendly
Soniclean VT Plus, mysoniclean.com. Get deep cleaning without the bulk -- this sucker weighs in at a mere 101/2 pounds -- and maneuvers with ease. Its HEPA filtration system traps bacteria, dust, dirt, and other allergens.
Related Links
Courtesy of Shark Cleaning
Best Compact
Shark Rocket Ultra-Light Upright, sharkclean.com. Just as powerful as its full-size counterparts, this mini model converts from a handheld to an upright vac in seconds.
Related Links
Best "Green" Clean
Steamboy Pro T3, reliablecorporation.com. Clean and sanitize both hard surfaces and carpets using only water with this efficient steam mop. The chemical-free germ-buster is perfect for a home with a crawler.
Related Links
Master of Daily Maintenance
iRobot Braava 380t Floor Mopping Robot, irobot.com. This floor-cleaning robot is like a superpowered Swiffer, offering both dry and damp mopping features to maintain hard floors.
Originally published in the April 2014 issue of Parents Magazine
Related Links


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Updated 04/29/2014
With its lodgelike dining room anchored by a floor-to-ceiling fireplace and exposed log beams, Blue Canyon pairs rustic yet elegant Montana ambience with excellent, hearty cuisine. Innovative, seasonally inspired dishes fill the menu. Look for huckleberry barbecued elk meatballs, warm duck salad with walnut vinaigrette, bison potpie with Parmesan cream, or pretzel-crusted trout with caper butter. Better yet, plan ahead and reserve the private table to create your own five-course culinary experience with the inventive head chef.
3720 N. Reserve St., Missoula, Montana, 59808, United States
Website: www.bluecanyonrestaurant.com
Restaurant Details:
Updated 04/29/2014
By ssaroff
Nov 21, 2012
We tried your Missoula restaurant for the first time last night (sunday the 18th of November), and we were very disappointed. We (four of us) came into the restaurant at about 7pm. It was not crowded at all, and there were quite a few wait staff present. However, every component of our meal was extremely slow in being delivered. Drinks, bread, etc, and it was a full hour and half before our main courses were brought. Two of us ordered steaks, one
well done, the other medium. When they finally arrived, they were rare and cold. Several times during our long wait I asked our waitress what the delay was, and each time was told they were just very busy. The total bill came to $139, for a miserable meal. I left no tip, and on our way out explained to our hostess the reason why, asking her to let the manager know. Here response was a simple, "ok," without a word of apology. I have lived in Missoula 30 years, and go out several times a week, and routinely tip 20 to 30%. This is the first time in my life I have not left any tip at all, and the first time I have written to complain about a meal. If this note is being read, I hope you bring it to the owners attention that you have a serious problem with your Missoula staff, and if you want to stay in businesses, you should consider having a talk with them about service, and long delays and what someone who spends over $100 on a meal should expect. However, you have lost four potential customers already.
No Thanks


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The Observation Deck
A blog of opinions on local, state and national issues
Posts filtered on Tag
Patented seeds mark new legal ground
Despite alarm over Monsanto's patent protection victory, the Supreme Court ruling doesn't address accidental cross-pollination between regular seeds and genetically modified ones, but only farmers illegally replanting patented seeds harvested from crops grown," says Jon Healey in the Los Angeles Times. [Read More]
A seed crisis in India and across the globe
The United States is helping seed companies, such as Monsanto, patent seeds, increasing profits for U.S. biotech food corporations but causing "a disappearance of biodiversity worldwide." says Vandana Shiva in Common Dreams. [Read More]


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The Voice
Watch Jason Aldean Sing "The Only Way I Know" With Dez Duron and Bryan Keith on The Voice Live Elimination Round, Nov. 13, 2012 (VIDEO)
Even though coach Blake Shelton is The Voice's country crooner, it was Team Christina's Dez Duron and Team Adam's Bryan Keith who joined Jason Aldean on stage during tonight's live elimination round.
Dez and Bryan added some flair to Jason's song "The Only Way I Know," both having fun while showing off their moves and country twang!
What did you think of this performance? Watch the video and tell us below.
Wanna chat with fellow fans of The Voice? Join the discussion on our The Voice Facebook page!
Follow @VoiceWetpaint on Twitter
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Christina Aguilera
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|« Back to Article
Palmer's late goal pushes Dynamo past Miami FC
, Copyright 2010 Houston Chronicle |
June 29, 2010
Photo By Billy Smith II/ChronicleAdrian Serioux fights for the ball with Miami FC forward Paulo Araujo Junior in a 1-0 win for the Dynamo.
With the threat of overtime looming Tuesday night, Lovel Palmer pushed the Dynamo over a feisty Miami FC 1-0, to reach the quarterfinals of the Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup before an intimate crowd of 832 at Robertson Stadium.
As coach Dominic Kinnear rested most of his regulars two days before playing an MLS regular season game against Toronto, the Dynamo were given a test in the third round match against the Division II team from the United States Soccer Federation.
"They want to prove that they can play here or want to play here," Palmer said. "So this is always going to be a tough game. The team stuck to the task because we have to gain confidence from these games. We're not winning games in the MLS. And games like this we have to win to go in games like Thursday and be confident and know that we can come out victorious."
Palmer, a regular starter who wasn't inserted into the contest until the start of the second half, gave the Dynamo the lead in the 80th minute when he took Dominic Oduro's through ball into the 18-yard box and buried the ball into the back of the net.
The victory was bittersweet because Luis Angel Landin, who got a rare start as the attacking midfielder, suffered a right knee injury in the 39th minute.
"Tomorrow they're going to run some tests so we'll see what happens," Landin said. "I hope it's nothing serious. I felt like a twist. That's why I didn't want to continue. I repeat, I hope it's nothing serious and I expect that it's nothing serious."
The Dynamo had a tremendous scoring opportunity in the 47th minute when Cam Weaver sent a pass in front of the six-yard box to Oduro, who drew a penalty kick when Miami defender Zach Kirby tugged him down by the shorts.
Richard Mulrooney's penalty kick was blocked by Caleb Patterson-Sewell, who celebrated with an exaggerated hip thrust in Mulrooney's direction.
Dynamo goalkeeper Tally Hall punched Christian Gomez's free kick in the 54th minute to keep the game scoreless. Two minutes later, Hall rushed out toward the end of the 18-yard box to slap away a chip from Paulo Araujo, who had broken free and would have likely scored if Hall had not alertly come out to meet him.
Patterson-Sewell returned the favor in the 61st minute when he sprinted out to make a sliding stab to deny Sammy Appiah as the Dynamo midfielder dribbled near the six-yard box.
"Those are hard games to play," defender Eddie Robinson said. "You have teams that for the most part you've never seen before. Tactically you're not sure what they're going to do and how they're coming in. You have a lot of guys that haven't played a lot of first-team minutes this year, so you know you got to make sure you're managing the fitness and guys that you sub.
"Then you got a game in two nights after a five-hour flight tomorrow. So you have to make sure you manage everything. I think tonight the most important player for us might be our coach because you have to make sure that guys are prepared for Thursday. But we still put a team that can get a result tonight because our attitude in this locker room always had been and always will be we want to win every game we play. So regardless of who is on the field we want to get a win; credit to our guys."


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Wrap Screening Series with 'Birdman's' Michael Keaton: 'We Knew We Were Onto Something Risky' (Video)
"You can't tell the story any other way, it's a ride," Keaton tells audience of the movie filmed in one continuous shot
"You can't tell the story any other way, it's a ride," Keaton tells audience of the movie filmed in one continuous shot
Director Geetu Mohandas reveals her struggles to sell a non-musical film about "a woman, a kid, and a lamb on a mountain"
Many of those fledgling up-and-comers in the indie film industry focus on one thing: Becoming an overnight success as a filmmaker
Los Angeles native's puppets have appeared in numerous movies and television shows
The EVP and Chief Communications Officer is leaving to pursue other opportunities, according to an internal memo
Sarah Rue and Dean Geyer also star in Chris Siverston's film
Nick Hornby will write the script based on a true story set in Texas
The Lincoln Center's distinctive digital signage will be lit with a special message in the director's memory
Mandeville is producing from a script by Mark Hammer
Wife was responsible for convincing husband to take iconic Archie Bunker role
The finalists were chosen from 141 eligible film submissions
Sketch comic turned director turned EGOT, he had the kind of career — and life — that could only happen in the 20th century
Starring Ryan Reynolds and Mireille Enos, this kidnapped-child drama feels like a lesser rehash of the director's earlier, stronger films like "Exotica" and "The Sweet...
"He gave her the entire beginning of her career," Rosie O'Donnell explains on Thursday's show
Steven Spielberg, Kevin Spacey, Ron Howard and more pay tribute to iconic director who left his mark in movies, television, theater and comedy
Still, NBC dramas hit pretty solid numbers
The award-winning director, who died at age 83, is recalled with fond memories
From "The Graduate" to "Charlie Wilson's War," here are some of the most iconic movies directed by the prolific filmmaker, who died unexpectedly at age...
The director and husband of Diane Sawyer died unexpectedly Wednesday night
Diane Sawyer's husband, director of "The Graduate," was a rare member of the prestigious EGOT fraternity
World War II comes alive but computing legend Alan Turing doesn't in this derivative but handsome drama co-starring Keira Knightley and Hugh Alexander
Both series will return with 13 new episodes next year
Go see "Gunther" for free coffee in lower Manhattan for show's 20th anniversary. Plus: Miles Teller celebrates a "Friends-y" plot in L.A. when a one...
"With gratitude for these years, I thank you. And I'll see you right back here on ABC News very soon. Goodnight," the news legend told...
Lopez wins for co-writing "Let It Go" from Best Animated Feature "Frozen"
Guest blog: A fond recollection of some fast times at the Chateau Marmont, circa 1975
The president honors Lucas, Tony Kushner, Herb Alpert, Elaine May, others, with National Medal of Arts awards
He discovered "SNL" stars including John Belushi, Gilda Radner and Bill Murray and was co-creator of "SCTV"
The project would mark Nichols' first movie since "Charlie Wilson's War"
Dustin Hoffman's "Quartet," the actor's first feature as a director, goes nationwide this weekend — after having scored a Golden Globe for star Maggie Smith


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She-Hero,a new female superhero She-Hero has arrived in the Big Bad and in no time her life is full of adventure, action and even comedy! This teen is just discovering her new found powers (there's five of them), that enable her to defend the innocent and fight evil. She will encounter a few setbacks though: she can only use one power at a time, she finds out that fitting in with other super heroes is not that easy, and saving the world can seem like a big burden when you just want to have a little fun. To add to the challenge she is intent on finding any information that may lead her to her estranged mother who may be the key for her to understand more about her powers.
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December 16, 1997 6:05 PM PST
EFF chief to step down
- Related Stories
Privacy "trustmark" proposedOctober 30, 1997
FCC plans PC V-chipOctober 28, 1997
Privacy group promotes compliance logoOctober 21, 1997
Fena, 36, said she is returning to the private sector, where she plans to provide venture consulting services for companies and investors. She will stay on EFF's board of directors and will continue work as chair of TRUSTe, the nonprofit privacy watchdog organization that Fena cofounded.
"One of the nice things about this process is that there's huge opportunities for EFF to go to the next step, and we have some candidates to make that a very real possibility," she said.
Fena is credited with moving EFF from Washington to San Francisco, considered at the time a risky move, and ultimately bringing the organization higher visibility by aligning it with private companies.
Before Fena's tenure, EFF "was beginning to have a reputation of being a little outside the Internet community," said Cindy Cohn, an attorney who with the support of EFF is mounting a legal challenge to government controls on the export of encryption. "She did a good job of reaching out to business, not being just a civil libertarian group but a group that works with the business interests in Silicon Valley."


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Whitewood Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram Location
Come see us today at our Hyundai Dealership located in and serving the Yorkton, SK and surrounding area or come see our new Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram location in Whitewood, SK. We are looking forward to meeting you and assisting you with our top-notch service.
Yorkton Hyundai Location


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These unique 4-packs of our glass drinking straws are environmentally friendly and incredibly elegant. When you use your glass straw, you reduce the number of plastic straws that end up in your landfill and avoid consuming the toxins that plastic straws can leach into your drinks. A smart buy and a unique gift, each and every one of these straws is good for the environment and good for you. Made of extremely durable handmade glass. Ideal for drinks or smoothies.
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Are vulcans biologically smarter than humans?
View Single Post
September 29 2012, 06:40 PM
R. Star
Rear Admiral
Location: Shangri-La
Re: Are vulcans biologically smarter than humans?
Mr. Laser Beam wrote:
How can there ever be such a thing as "biologically smarter"? Smarts aren't genetically encoded at birth. All that matters is how the person was raised and educated. We are all born 'dumb'.
Not true. There are people who simply learn things more easily and take to new concepts than others. Intelligence really could be described merely as to know readily one processes new information. Education is the knowledge itself, not how easily or not it's learned and processed.
It stands to reason that if there were alien races some would be more biologically intelligent than others. Even among humans there's proven genetic intelligence... why else do Ivy League graduates get sought out at the sperm banks so often?
"I was never a Star Trek fan." J.J. Abrams
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