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Letters to the Editor: 10.01.08
Crisis foreseen
Iris Cantu (letter, Aug. 4) should get her facts straight about the present financial crisis: It is wholly the result of the Republican rush to de-regulation led by George Bush, Ken Lay, Phil Gramm, Tom DeLay, Karl Rove, and other leading Republicans, among them John McCain.
For over a year I have been telling anyone who cared to listen that this crash was coming and would involve a bail-out of no less than $1 trillion. All one had to do was to take a look at the operations of Mortgage Electronic Registration System, Inc. (MERS). MERS is a company put together by Countrywide and other of the major sub-prime lenders to make the bundling of mortgages possible. The system devised has absolutely no transparency. It is totally unregulated. It makes it difficult, if not impossible, to determine who owns a particular mortgage or part of it. And leaders made profits of $5,000 to $10,000 per loan to place the loan and pass it on for bundling without recourse.
What a deal! Make the terms of the loan whatever it takes to get some poor chump who will never be able to pay it off to sign and you've made $5,000 to $10,000 with no risk whatsoever.
All of this was on the Republicans' watch. Remember that as your taxes go up from the bailout and the value of your wages goes down as the value of the dollar falls because of the bailout.
William R. Edwards
Some forgotten
It's refreshing to see how Corpus Christi Independent School District has taken an interest in its dropouts, and I'm sure that many who volunteered to go door-to-door encouraging students to come back to school did it with the students' interests in mind. However, it seems like the school district really took an interest only when they began to lose precious federal dollars because of a dropping school enrollment. What a shame.
I remember when my own son was dropping out in the 1980s, I called and called the officials at Carroll High School trying to get them to work with him, and they seemed uninterested. I'm sure then they had a high enrollment and didn't have time to worry about just one student. Good for CCISD. It's a benefit to the students because many of them just need a little push. And I'm happy to report that my son got married, has a beautiful family, and a good job, and is finally getting his GED and going on to get more education beyond that. I'm proud of him. And I'm delighted that CCISD is taking a new approach to dealing with high school dropouts.
Dolores Oliveira
Unfit to lead
John McCain should just concede the election now. He is clearly unfit to lead this nation. In less than two weeks he's gone from denying the economic crisis to "suspending" his campaign to rush back to Washington and save the day by casting his first vote in the Senate since April.
This is pure political theater that stinks of desperation. This presidential election is of utmost importance to our future, and McCain is showing utter contempt for the people by seeking to deny our chance to hear the two candidates debate. Obama rightly believes that a president should be able to walk and chew gum at the same time. If McCain would rather be a senator right now, let him stay a senator. His rash, reckless and thoughtless decision-making throughout this campaign proves that he has no business being anywhere near the White House. And that goes double for his clueless running mate.
Jordan Paul
Wrong pick
Ref: "Windstorm, other issues face the area's legislators," Sept. 28. Where do you get your information? What gives you as an editor such knowledge that you can try to influence people? I grew up in a newspaper family and was taught to check my facts and get them right. Obviously, you didn't as your editorial showed on Sunday, Sept. 28.
I'm sorry but a response to your lambasting an honorable, intelligent, hardworking man needs to be done. Abel Herrero is who I am speaking about. Abel is a Democrat, but first and foremost he is a representative. You need to quit grouping him with other Democrats. He stands on his own and for his own people. I am an independent voter, but knowing the care, the consideration, the focus Abel puts into what he does for others. My vote for the last two terms and all the ones to come will be for Abel Herrero, District 34.
Sherri Davis
Out of control
I lived in Corpus Christi for 35 years, serving as a principal in the Corpus Christi Independent School District. Now Corpus Christi and South Texas are named "The second worst judicial hellhole" in the nation by the American Tort Reform Association. You can help clean up this mess by voting for honest judges in every race.
Too many judges are very lax when prosecutors use prosecutorial misconduct to win their cases. Court trial records show that Jose Longoria is very lax in this respect.
Guy Williams would never allow this to happen in his courtroom. I hope many of my fine former students and friends will support Guy Williams for judge. Help Guy Williams, a Marine veteran, get elected as your 214th District Judge.
Watch ABC's 20/20 on Friday, Oct. 10 to see how uncontrolled prosecutorial misconduct can help send an innocent person to prison for life without parole. (Hannah Overton case.)
Dave Nickerson
(South Fork, Colo.)
Oath in English
I attended the U.S. Naturalization ceremony held at the Solomon P. Ortiz Center recently. There were over 300 people representing over 40 countries becoming U.S. citizens. Judge Hayden Head administered the Oath of Citizenship in English, then it was repeated in Spanish. I thought one of the pre-requisites was to read, write and speak English before you become a U.S. citizen. Why show favoritism and repeat the oath in Spanish. Should we not repeat it in the languages of all the other countries? What has happened here should not continue.
Barbara Bailey
(Aransas Pass)
Right pick
This letter is in reference to your editorial on Sunday, Sept. 28. The Caller-Times truly deserves a round of applause for saying such nice things about Connie Scott, candidate for state representative District 34. For those who did not read the editorial, I quote: "the Editorial Board believes the voters of District 34 deserve better representation than they have received from Herrero." Also quoted: "Herrero contributed little to the delegation nor did he achieve any notable legislative successes."
Connie knows many people in Austin and has great support. I know Connie personally. She is a great woman of faith and God has blessed her with wisdom beyond her years. She will make a difference in Austin and will diligently work hard for District 34.
Thank you, Editorial Board, for supporting Connie Scott. God bless and thank all of you who will go to the polls on Nov. 4 and vote for her. The great state of Texas deserves a candidate like Connie Scott and she will be great for Texas. Go, Connie; we are behind you all the way.
Marilyn Marie Wells
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Originally written on Fox Sports West | Last updated 5/5/13
SAN FRANCISCO (AP) -- Pinch hitter Guillermo Quiroz homered with one out in the 10th inning, lifting the San Francisco Giants to a 10-9 win over the Los Angeles Dodgers on Saturday night. The Giants blew a 5-0 lead and wasted a bases-loaded opportunity in the ninth before Quiroz hit an 0-2 pitch from Dodgers closer Brandon League (0-1) into the left field stands. Quiroz pumped his fist as soon as he left the batter's box and scurried around the bases with his first career walkoff hit. He is 4 for 6 this season as a pinch hitter. The two teams combined for 19 runs, 30 hits and combined to strand 24 runners in a game that lasted 4 hours, 11 minutes. A.J. Ellis homered and was one of six Dodgers with two hits as Los Angeles lost for the fifth time in seven games.
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In the 70 years since Groton's Poquonnock Bridge Fire District was formed, firefighters have put out thousands of blazes at homes, businesses and factories scattered throughout the sprawling section of town - but now residents are struggling to control flames of discontent that have reared up in their own backyard.
The heated debate that has raged for months over the district's finances likely will continue Thursday night when a newly elected board meets at the Fort Hill Station, and judging from recent developments there is little hope tempers will cool among warring factions.
Over the last several months district meetings have degenerated into shouting matches, especially when angry residents slashed the budget in half; the specter of bankruptcy has been raised; there have been threats to shut the department and create a new one; for the first time in memory the department failed to roll out fire trucks during the town's annual Fourth of July parade; taxpayers have asked the Connecticut attorney general to investigate the "legality" of the board's conduct; town officials also are seeking legal advice to determine what authority they have in the matter, if any.
Newly elected board member Deb Monteiro described the situation best: "It's just a mess."
At the heart of the dispute, not surprisingly, is money - to pay for the salaries of professional firefighters (there also are volunteers), the purchase of trucks and other equipment, and the upkeep of two stations. But the issue is more complicated because of Groton's complex government, especially with regard to fire protection.
Since 1957, the Town of Groton has been governed by a Town Council-Town Manager-Representative Town Meeting structure, but the Borough of Groton was incorporated as a subdivision within the town in 1903 (the named was changed to the City of Groton in 1964), to provide its own utilities service and police and fire protection. The City of Groton also has its own council and mayor.
In addition, the Groton Long Point Association was incorporated in 1921 to provide road maintenance and fire and police protection; the Mystic Fire District, divided between Groton and Stonington, was incorporated by the legislature in 1879; the Noank Fire District was established in 1929; the Poquonnock Bridge Fire District was established in 1943 and expanded in area in 1962; the Center Groton Fire District was organized in 1960; the Old Mystic Fire District was established in 1961; the West Pleasant Valley Fire District was established in 1961 and contracts for fire services from the City of Groton.
These districts all control their own budgets for fire protection and effectively run their departments. Separate departments have mutual-aid agreements to help one another in big fires but take pride in being first responders.
Poquonnock Bridge, which contains some of Groton's poorest neighborhoods as well as the town's main commercial district, comprises the largest district. It also has the highest tax rate among all nine fire districts.
Back when many districts were formed, fire departments were neighborhood hubs - hosting holiday parties, sponsoring Little League teams, serving as a gathering place for volunteers.
Over the years that role has diminished and many fire departments, not just in Groton, have struggled to remain active and attract new members.
There have been periodic efforts to have the town take over the Poquonnock Bridge district, or to establish a uniform rate for fire protection among Groton taxpayers, but the ideas never gained political traction.
The last serious discussion took place a decade ago, when a task force was formed to study absorbing the Poquonnock Bridge district into the town. After months of research, the town council voted to drop the idea.
It is now time to reconsider some form of consolidation.
While maintaining individual neighborhood identities is a worthwhile goal, paying for duplicate services - if this proves to be the case - makes no sense.
The town and district must determine how much money would be saved through a takeover and, most important, if such a move would jeopardize public safety by delaying response times.
The town and district already seem to be moving in that direction; this newspaper urges they proceed without delay.
Fire chief calls for respect and civility in Poquonnock Bridge financial struggle
Troubled Poquonnock Bridge Fire District to vote on hiring lawyer
Portion of Ocean Avenue in New London is closed after car snaps utility pole
Once again, there's a few sports parents who could use some decaf
New London middle school to get nearly $3 million to fund new programs
The Rev. Michel Belt set to retire from St. James Episcopal Church later this summer
Eastern Pequot chairman vows to fight new tribal recognition rule
Newly signed state budget changes funding for cities and towns
High Hopes offers equine experience to Camp Harkness campers
Police: Maine man shoots off fireworks mortar tube from top of his head, dies
New London man charged with failing to safeguard gun discharged at middle school
Former East Lyme couple accused in string of residential burglaries
Huge crowds clog region's beaches as holiday weekend draws to close


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52 year old woman | Boca Raton, FL, USA | Seeking men 42-53 within 30 miles
Vibrant,energetic,happy woman ! Fit and passionate about life ! I love children, and this amazing planet! I give 100% to every thing I do!
First, I would like to say I am an outgoing, kind ,sincere,loving, honest, happy woman. I cherish each day and try to find the positive side to any situation. Currently I am in the fitness business. Each day I try to better someone's life by showing them how to reach their goals by exercising properly. I am a motivator as well as educator. I believe in practice what you preach so I bike at least 4 times a week and do other exercise as well. When I meet someone they get they trust what I'm saying to be true. Prior to this career I was a pre school teacher. I had my own class of 14 little 1 year olds! It was amazing! I love little ones a lot! I have also been blessed with 2 amazing daughters..11 and 13. It can be challenging but incredibly rewarding as well. Nature is fuel for my soul ..so I bike out side of course! You will see me riding free handed usually playing some kind of air instrument ! . Being fit has many benefits! Balance is one of them ! I have to say I'm proud of where I am and each day I strive to improve on myself and go further than the day before. I am also not very religious, I am highly spiritual. I read a lot and have for many years on health and well being. I take great care of my body, mind, and soul. I am looking for a man who is definitely fit and takes care of himself. I also respect kindness and honesty. I would love to find someone who has a strong desire for a partnership in life ! I have a lot of admiration for stability as well. I am very much a feminine woman and I'm looking for a secure confident man. I am very nurturing and am looking to find a man who appreciates that as well. I am not opposed at all to a man who has children,as I could love many more. I also love the role of homemaker and do that well too. I love a man who is adventurous, funny, kind, smart, and loving. I am looking forward to this next chapter of my life and can't wait to find someone wonderful to share it with ! Submitted from mobile
Alumni connections , Business networking , Cooking , Dining out , Gardening/Landscaping , Hobbies and crafts , Museums and art , Music and concerts , Exploring new areas , Performing arts , Playing sports , Travel/Sightseeing , Wine tasting
Cycling, Dancing, Other types of exercise, Skiing, Swimming, Tennis / Racquet sports, Weights / Machines, Yoga
I exercise 3-4 times per week.
I like Dogs, Horses
I grew up riding horses and we owned greyhounds.I had a dog for 16 years,Shiba Inu named Sushi.
Middle of the Road
Japan, Hamptons, British Virgin Islands, Home
School of Visual Arts, New York, NY
I love biking and try to go 4 times a week .I really enjoy cooking and have to say I do it well! I am passionate about so many things but I have to say this amazing planet does it the most for me!
In my free time I love to go do just about anything. I love the outdoors ! Nature truly gives me inspiration for everything else in my life!
Each day I read a little bit of Dr. Wayne Dyer, he really motivates me!
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
|What she is looking for
|5'4" (162cms)
|5'9" (175cms) to 6'3" (190cms)
|Body type:
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|Athletic and toned
|No preference
|No preference
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|Social Drinker
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I am the Program Director/ trainer for the #1 personal training company in the U.S. I love motivating and helping people to change their body and strengthen their mind !
|$35,001 to $50,000
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|Have kids:
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|No, but it's OK if my partner has kids
|White / Caucasian
|White / Caucasian
I grew up with and still have the most amazing parents !
|Jewish, Spiritual but not religious
I am Jewish but not very religious. I believe very strongly in karma. I also have a strong belief in fate.
|English, French, Italian
|Some college
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Medicare is penalizing 721 hospitals with high rates of potentially avoidable mistakes that can harm patients, known as "hospital-acquired conditions."
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Here are some tips to help you avoid seven mistakes that can potentially kill your business.


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Nevertheless, the general tenor of the courts is one of skepticism about the new breed of laws. For example, the 11th Circuit Court, which oversees Alabama, Georgia, and Florida, struck down significant parts of the Alabama and Georgia laws, including the creation of new crimes to punish those who aid, abet, even employ, illegal immigrants. Courts also nixed provisions that mandated immigrants carry their residency papers on them at all times.
Most significantly, the 11th Circuit struck down an Alabama provision that required school students to inform the state education department about their legal status, an exercise the state claimed was merely informational to be used to build better policy.
"We conclude that most of the challenged provisions cannot stand," the court said on Monday.
While one intent of the laws are clearly to cause illegal immigrants to leave, states have expressly said the main focus of tougher anti-immigration laws is to help federal agents enforce federal law – a powerful political argument in states like Arizona and Georgia, which have large populations of undocumented workers. Many people in those states also believe the federal government is impotent when it comes to controlling illegal immigration.
"The essence of Alabama's immigration law has been upheld by today's ruling," Republican Gov. Robert Bentley said in a statement. "The court is recognizing the state's authority to inquire on immigration status in certain circumstances."
But in Phoenix on Tuesday, District Court Judge Susan Bolton was set to consider a request from civil-rights groups to uphold the injunction on the new law, claiming they have new data suggesting it could lead to "needless suffering" for legal immigrants and even citizens.
"We have a good deal of evidence that the law would have a disparate impact on Latinos and Mexicans in particular, and that the law was enacted out of a discriminatory intent," Linton Joaquin, general counsel for the National Immigration Law Center, one of the groups leading the court challenge, told Reuters.


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Men's Health
News Related to Men's Health
Testosterone May Actually Help Men's Hearts
May 16, 2005 -- Middle-aged men may suffer more frequently from heart disease than women, but testosterone may not be to blame. A new Finnish study shows that testosterone may actually help protect men from atherosclerosis (or hardening of the arteries) and reduce their risk of heart disease. ResearRead Full Article
Standing Out in a Crowd: What Gets Attention
April 21, 2005 -- Ever search for someone in a crowded room, scan the supermarket shelves for your favorite spaghetti sauce, survey your laundry for the proverbial missing sock, or pick through a bag of Halloween candy to find your favorite chocolate bar? Then you know what it's like to hunt throughRead Full Article
Sports Fan Violence Follows Victory
March 30, 2005 -- The thrill of victory can quickly turn to violence, says a new study. Most sports fans don't get out of control. They'll root hard for their team but take wins and losses in stride. You'll likely see that this weekend, when die-hard college basketball fans paint their faces and scrRead Full Article
Men's Sleep Apnea Increases Heart Problems
March 17, 2005 -- Men with severe obstructive sleep apnea appear to run a higher risk of fatal or nonfatal heart problems. obstructive sleep apnea appear to run a higher risk of fatal or nonfatal heart problems. But treating men's sleep apnea with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for at leRead Full Article
Lawmakers Upset Over Mixed Signals on Steroids
March 17, 2005 - Thursday's widely-anticipated Capitol Hill hearings on anabolic steroids in professional baseball left some lawmakers frustrated that proceedings designed to send a stark message about the evils of performance-enhancing drugs instead sent signals that were largely mixed. One after tRead Full Article
Prostate Cancer Test Popular but Not Colonoscopy
March 3, 2005 -- When men get screened for prostate cancer, it wouldn't hurt to encourage them to schedule a colon cancer test as well. That approach could save lives. Despite the controversy surrounding the utility of routine PSA screening for men in reducing prostate cancer death, more men get tesRead Full Article
Does Baby Height Predict Adult Income?
Feb. 22, 2005 -- An infant boy's growth during his first year of life may signal his economic growth during adulthood. Baby boys who are taller than their peers between birth and their first birthday grow up to earn more money as adults, say researchers from the U.K. and Finland. But they say theirRead Full Article
Why We Overcommit
Feb. 10, 2005 -- Packed calendars and ceaseless schedules are sure signs of a tendency to overcommit. But what makes us cram so much onto our to-do lists? Why do we consistently push to maintain a pace more appropriate for the round-the-world reality show The Amazing Race than for normal, daily lifeRead Full Article
Young Cell Phone Users Drive Like the Elderly
Feb. 3, 2005 - Talking on a cell phone while driving can turn a normally attentive young driver into a virtual senior citizen behind the wheel, according to a new study. "If you put a 20-year-old driver behind the wheel with a cell phone, their reaction times are the same as a 70-year-old driver whoRead Full Article
Pro Football Players Pass Staph Infections
Feb. 2, 2005 -- Staph infections may pose a bigger risk to some professional football players than a tackle or quarterback sack, and the best defense may be better hygiene on the field and in the locker room. New research shows a fall 2003 outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSRead Full Article
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Here is a picture of us with our twins:
While we will each of us pay for half of the car. The paper will be officially on my wife's name (for tax reasons). So I will be the happy husband driving his wife's car :-) (we are in Leiden, eagerly awaiting too !)
Yes, I am a proud, solo woman owner of a red Model S. Love it!
We are expecting twins, also! My husband has his blk/blk now, and my pick-up date for my silver/blk is in two weeks - June 10th! I still have to have my daily fix of driving his. Any errands, I'm on it! We've had our blk since end of January, with over 7,700 miles so far.
I'm a proud woman and The Tesla is mine! I followed Elon Musk and Tesla for many years and knew it would eventually be my next car. Nobody was going to talk me out of it (heck, I knew more about the company than anyone I know). I checked out the prototype when it was in Chicago several years ago, went for a test drive in a Roadster to get more info on the functioning of an EV, and I came to realize I am a closeted car nut (not a gear-head type tho).
Today at work a visitor in the parking lot asked me about the car and he said his wife is bugging him to get one. He told me he was hoping I would have something bad to say about it so he could tell his wife no. LOL. I had nothing but good things to say and told him so! I hope I run into his wife some day.
Yes, love it! Got my P85 Jan 7th. The kids (4&6) love it too. Not only is it fun to drive, I feel very safe driving my family around. The Model S replaced my soccer mom SUV. My husband gets to drive it on the weekend to get coffee or milk at the store or for any other reason he can think of to take it out. :)
Yeah, plenty! I was the one following Tesla from the beginning, and it is definitely my car. That's not to say that I won't let him drive it...
Yes, I put my deposit down in March 2009. Pearl white, 85 kwh. I love it.
YES!!! Sometimes I feel like the only woman reading these forums on a daily basis! I love love love my P85 blue/tan. :)
My wife and I are both on the title. Guess, technically, that's a no, but in 2010 when I learned of the car, I came home and showed her the article about it. She immediately leaped on board, pulled out her credit card paid the deposit, so she is entitled to as much credit as I am for being a visionary, early adopter. We both love our Model S.
Had my signature red since Oct. Back in Nov, when I drove to Los Angeles and stopped at superchargers, met 2 other women owners. So there are plenty of women owners out there. Probably most women don't bother hanging around the forum as much, but you are not alone! I do let my husband drive mine once in a while :)
Love the car!
The Tesla's mine. He bought a Mustang while I waited for Lithie. Now he's selling his Mustang so he can get his own Tesla.
Add me in to the club.
My spouse tries to pass it off as his car when he can.
My wife and I own two, so that would be a yes.
However, we each use whichever is appropriate for the task (one 85 and one 60).
My white one is all mine!! He drives it sometimes, but definitely my car.
My wife loves her Tesla Model S 85 and always has her Tesla Grin on. This was her big Birthday present this year...well deserved!
Mine will be my birthday gift, also - coming in one week before the big day! I am so happy to see all these women on here! I, too, felt I might be one of just a few women on here. I am more obsessed than my husband, although he did just finish cleaning (admiring) his car. As soon as we heard about the Model S in '10, I believe, we put our deposit down. Never thought we'd have two of the same car, but when it came time to find another car, where do you go from Tesla? To another Tesla!
I love MY Tessie. Like other women, I was bitten by the Tesla bug "long" ago, had the Roadster test ride, decided I couldn't justify it, put my money down for Model S three years ago, did the factory tour and test ride, then the test drive. At last I got my car in January. I can hardly wait to get her back from the body shop where she's been since April 15. Watch out for trucks shedding parts! Surely Tesla will get better at making replacement parts available as time passes.
Bought my Roadster Sport the day the Boulder store opened.
Our Red P85 was a wedding anniversary present to ourselves, so I am half owner.
Count me in too! I fell in love as soon as my husband showed me a pic of a white Model S. Then there was no talking me out of getting one.
My husband actually likened the months leading up to my Model S delivery similar to when I was nesting for our first child. I researched and bought all sorts of things to prepare for the new addition to our family.
He drives it on the weekends :-)
Yes, it's my Tesla. My husband just announced this weekend that he should get to drive her on the weekends since I drive it all week. (We'll see)
I also feel like one of the few women on the board. I'm so happy my husband wouldn't let me change my minds. I had this fleeting thought that I wasn't being practical. Silly me :)
Yes! I bought a P85 (silver with grey rims) that I love!
There's at least one woman in MA with a sig. red because she passed me on the MA pike a few weeks ago. I was moving slightly faster than traffic and she flew by me like I was standing still. Tried to get a plate before the sonic boom rattled me but no joy.
My husband proudly tells everybody about my Tesla but thankfully for me, has shown very little interest in driving her around. I don't feel the need to drive 100 mph but LOVE the quiet acceleration and smile every time I see all the other cars far behind in my rearview mirror :)
Have been a fan and follower of Tesla since the beginning. Replaced my previous EV with my grey Model S in Dec 2012. I take every chance I get to show off my Model S and have finally impressed the extended family with my great car. I used to get waves and thumbs up for driving an EV, but now I get waves and thumbs up for driving the Car of the Year that just happens to be electric. Just this past weekend took folks for a quick (throw 'em back into their seat 20-95 mph) test drive, and my passengers said that they now get what all the fuss is about :-) Mission accomplished.
O my....There's a ton of you out there! So glad, I felt a bit alone. Good to know that you all love yours. I will still have to wait a while, since deliveries to the Netherlands haven't started yet, but when I will get mine (black 85) I will post a picture!
This is actually the first forum I even bother to read. But I love hanging out here and checking out all the stories.
One of those twins got all the hair!
How many minds did you have to herd?
How many have pets who need to cope with extreme accel and decel?
@Brian H, I knew it was only a matter of time before you corrected one of my postings. I could have used you to edit my papers in grad school. I guess that's your contribution to the site.
I'm here too. I've never been this enthusiastic about a car before. I've had it for 4 months now and loving it! I thought there weren't many women drivers, now I see there are quite a few out there. If you see me, I'm NIKOLA3 in California. My husband has to be the one to drive it up to the valet when we go to dinner.....so he says.....I let him.
I own 50%, but drive it during the week. Husband pretty much takes over for the weekend. I have been trying to convince him we need a second one, but he isn't going for it. We have had our car since October - it is black/black and we absolutely love it.
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Only hotels in Embudo are listed below. Find cheap and discounted hotel/motel rates in or nearby Embudo, NM for your corporate or personal leisure travel. We show the best Embudo New Mexico hotel rooms. Review the Embudo hotel list below to find the perfect lodging. We also have a map of the Embudo hotels.The Embudo center point is approximately 12 miles from Ohkay Convention Center and 13 miles from Downtown San Juan Pueblo.
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Sources: Pirates will pick Taillon
Updated: June 7, 2010, 12:34 PM ETESPN.com news services
The Pittsburgh Pirates are targeting high school pitcher Jameson Taillon with the second pick in Monday night's Major League Baseball entry draft, sources have told ESPN The Magazine's Buster Olney.
The Washington Nationals, who hold the No. 1 pick, are widely assumed to be taking catcher Bryce Harper.
Taillon, from The Woodlands in Texas, is a 6-foot-6, 225-pounder right-hander who has hit 98 mph on the radar gun this season. According to ESPN draft analyst Keith Law, Taillon is the ...
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A sensor network provides the ability to detect, classify and identify a diverse range of agents over a large area, such as a geographical region or building. The network possesses speed of detection, sensitivity, and specificity for the diverse range of agents. Different functional level types of sensors are employed in the network to perform early warning, broadband detection and highly specific and sensitive detection. A high probability of detection with low probability of false alarm is provided by the processing of information provided from multiple sensors. A Bayesian net is utilized to combine probabilities from the multiple sensors in the network to reach a decision regarding the presence or absence of a threat. The network is field portable and capable of autonomous operation. It also is capable of providing automated output decisions.
1. A network for detecting biological agents, the network comprising:
a plurality of sensors for detecting agents in an area with a probability of accuracy;
a controller communicatively coupled to the sensors for receiving information from the sensors to determine whether such agents are a threat with a greater probability than any individual sensor.
2. The network of
3. The network of
4. The network of
5. The network of
6. The network of
7. The network of
8. The network of
9. A network for detecting chemical and biological agent threats, the network comprising:
a plurality of different types of sensors for detecting biological agents in an area;
a controller communicatively coupled to the sensors for phasing operation of the sensors based on information received from the sensors to determine whether an agent threat exists.
10. The network of
11. The network of
12. The network of
13. The network of
14. A network for detecting chemical and biological agents, the network comprising:
a plurality of different types of sensors for detecting biological agents in a confined space, wherein the sensors are dispersed within the space;
a controller communicatively coupled to the sensors for receiving information from the sensors to determine whether an agent threat exists for the space.
15. A network for detecting agents, the network comprising:
a plurality of sensors for detecting agents in an area;
a controller communicatively coupled to the sensors for controlling the sensors and receiving information from the sensors to determine whether an agent threat exists based on probabilities of agents received from the sensors.
16. A network for detecting agents, the network comprising:
a plurality of different sensors for detecting agents in an area, wherein the different types of sensors are placed at predetermined positions within the area;
a controller communicatively coupled to the sensors for controlling the sensors and receiving information from the sensors to determine whether an agent threat exists.
17. A network for detecting biological agents, the network comprising:
a plurality of sensors for detecting agents in multiple areas with a probability of accuracy;
a plurality of integrating controllers communicatively coupled to selected groups of sensors protecting each area for receiving information from the sensors to determine whether such agents are a threat to a respective area with a greater probability than any individual sensor; and
an operating controller that receives information propagated to it from the integrating controllers and performs data fusion to determine a final decision for the entire area under protection.
18. A network for detecting agents, the network comprising:
a plurality of sensors for detecting agents in an area;
a controller communicatively coupled to the sensors for controlling the sensors and receiving information from the sensors to determine whether an agent threat exists, wherein some of the sensors are controlled by the controller based on information received from at least one of the other sensors.
19. A method of detecting chemical and biological agent threats using a network of multiple different types of sensors, the method comprising:
receiving an indication of a probable threat from at least one of the sensors;
modifying a sequence of operation of other sensors in the network based on the indication provided by the at least one of the sensors.
20. The method of
21. The method of
22. The method of
23. The method of
24. A network for detecting agents, the network comprising:
a plurality of different sensors for detecting agents in an area, wherein the different types of sensors are placed at predetermined positions within the area;
a controller communicatively coupled to the sensors for controlling the sensors and receiving information from the sensors to determine whether an agent threat exists; and
a modeling system to determine the optimum location of the sensors.
25. A method of making a network for detecting agents, the method comprising:
selecting a plurality of different sensors for detecting agents in an area;
placing the different types of sensors at predetermined positions within the area;
controlling the sensors and receiving information from the sensors to determine whether an agent threat exists; and
modeling the system to determine the optimum location of the sensors.
26. A method of forming a network for detecting agents, the method comprising:
selecting a plurality of different type of sensors for detecting agents in an area;
determining characteristics of the sensors;
using the characteristics of the sensors to model the sensors; and
configuring the network with the sensors using a genetic-algorithm-based system optimization.
27. The method of
28. A method of modeling sensors for a network that detects agents, the method comprising:
creating multiple threat scenarios having different agent/clutter ratios;
collecting sample of the threats;
preparing the samples for sensing by the sensors;
verifying the threats; and
analyzing the performance of the sensors using the verified threats to create a component database.
This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/024,462, filed Dec. 17, 2001 for which a Petition to Revive was filed on Nov. 19, 2004. This application is incorporated herein by reference.
The invention described herein was made with U.S. Government support under Grant Number MDA972-00-C-0052 awarded by DARPA. The United States Government has certain rights in the invention.
This application is related to U.S. patent application Se. No. 10/021,898 filed Dec. 17, 2001 "Architectures of Sensor Networks for Biological and Chemical Agent Detection and Identification."
The present invention relates to sensors, and in particular to a sensor network for detection of chemical and biological agents.
The threat of attack on military and civilian targets employing biological agents is of growing concern. Various technologies are being developed for the detection and identification of such agents. The technologies are broadly classified into standoff/early warning sensors, triggers, air sampler/concentrators, core detection techniques and signal processing algorithms. While several technologies are very good at detecting some agents or classes of agents, no one single technology detects all chemical and biological agents with a sufficient level of sensitivity and specificity due to the diverse range of agents that need to be detected and identified. The agents range from simple inorganic or organic chemicals to complex bio-engineered microorganisms. The agents may be in vapor form to solid form. The toxicity level may also vary between 10−3 grams per person to 10−12 grams per person. To further complicate the process of detecting such agents, the agents with the highest toxicity level are more difficult to detect with the speed and accuracy needed to effectively counter the agents.
Some prior attempts to solve the above problems integrate a small sub-set of the different sensor technologies into a network, but rely heavily on operator inputs and interpretation capabilities. They are not capable of autonomous operation nor do they provide automated output decisions. Such integrated sets of different sensors also do not provide a high probability of detection in combination with a low probability of false alarm.
A diverse range of chemical and/or biological agent detecting sensors are networked together. A controller receives input from each of the sensors identifying a probability of the presence of an undesired biological agent. The inputs are combined utilizing an evidence accrual method to combine probabilities of detection provided by the sensors to determine whether such agents are a threat with a greater probability than any individual sensor.
In one embodiment, some sensors in the network operate in a standby mode. They are controlled based on input from other sensors, and are placed in an active mode when a potential threat is detected. The network provides the ability to tailor sets of sensors based on an area to be protected in combination with different threat scenarios. In the case of a building or other enclosed structure, both large and small releases, as well as slow and fast releases, of agents may occur either internal or external to the structure. The rate of release is also variable. By correct placement of the sensors, each of these scenarios is quickly detected, and appropriate measures may be taken to minimize damage from the threat. The network is provides input to a heating and ventilation system, or the security management system, of the structure in a further embodiment to automate the control response.
In a further embodiment, the controller is divided into at least two layers. An integrating controller collects, combines and analyzes data and signals from a predetermined group of sensors. There are several integrating controllers in larger networks. An operating center controller receives information from the integrating centers and optionally directly from other sensors indicative of probabilities of detection of a threat. The operating center controller fuses the information from the integrating controllers and sensors, and combines the probabilities using an information fusion methodology, e.g., Bayesian net approach to provide a higher probability of accurate detection of a threat while minimizing false alarms.
In one architecture, the controllers are arranged in a hierarchy. Integrating controllers are arranged in orthogonal, parallel or mixed configurations. Orthogonal refers to measuring different agents or agent classes using different physical/biological mechanisms (sensors). Parallel refers to measuring the same agent/agent classes using similar or different mechanisms. Mix refers to a combination of orthogonal and parallel.
Sensors in the network are characterized in at least three different manners. A first type of early warning sensor, such as a light detection and ranging (Lidar) system is used to initially detect a potential threat from a distance. A broadband type of detector acts as a trigger in one embodiment. The broadband detectors such as a mass spectrometer is used to broadly detect chemicals present in the threat. Next, highly specific/sensitive detectors are triggered by the broadband detectors and employ antibody/PCR based sensing to precisely identify agents in the threat. Some of the sensors are optionally in a standby mode to conserve power and reagents used in testing until an initial detection is made by an active sensor.
In the following description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings that form a part hereof, and in which is shown by way of illustration specific embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. These embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention, and it is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and that structural, logical and electrical changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. The following description is, therefore, not to be taken in a limited sense, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims.
A multi-level sensor architecture 100 for detecting biological and chemical agent threats is shown in block diagram in
Each of the sensors detects various threats with different levels of probability of detection and false alarm rate (both false positive and false negative). A controller 140 receives probability of threat information from the sensors and fuses the probabilities together to determine a probability of an actual threat with greater accuracy than that provided by the individual sensors. In one embodiment, a Bayesian net approach is used to combine the probabilities.
The controller 140 is also used to control the timing of the sensors. The early warning sensors operate in a sampling mode in one embodiment, and track atmospheric conditions to provide a baseline or calibration. It then detects deviations from the baseline. This helps to minimize false alarms resulting from sudden natural changes in weather. Early warning sensors 110 locate bio-aerosol clouds and measure particle size distribution. Examples of early warning sensors include Lidar (light detection and ranging) and trigger sensor. Broadband detection sensors 120, such as mass spectrometers provide rapid detection and classification of a wide range of agents. Examples of a broadband detection sensor are a trigger sensor (aerodynamic particle sizer for example) capable of measuring particle size and viability or a mass spectrometer. Broadband sensors are optionally used by the controller 140 to trigger downstream sensors, and hence power consumption and reagent consumption in the downstream sensors is minimized. Highly specific and sensitive detection sensors 130 provide identification of biological agents with a high probability of detection and low probability of false alarm. They also provide information valuable for treatment of affected personnel. Sensors of this type perform DNA analysis using the PCR technology, and antibody analysis using antibody-based assays.
Operation of the sensors is sequenced as described above or they may be operated in unison depending on the type of threat either detected, or anticipated. The capabilities of the sensors, threat types and areas to be protected are all taken into account when planning locations of sensors to optimize early detection and the ability to defend against various threats.
The sensors are coupled to the integrating controller 210 by two way communication means 245, such as RF transceivers, wires or other means of transferring information between the sensors and the controller. A bioaerosol sample is collected at a station 250. The sample is concentrated and preconditioned, and provided via a fluidic connection 270 to specific sensors 255, 260 and 275. Fluidic connection 270 is a microfluidic interface for transporting samples to the specific/sensitive sensors. Sensor 255 is a PCR based sensor that provides DNA analysis. Sensor 260 is an antibody based detector. A sensor 275 is a Mass Spectrometer or ion mobility mass spectrometer depending upon whether the threat is chemical or biological in nature. Other sensors now known or hereafter developed may be added to the network as indicated by placeholder 280.
In a further embodiment, the operations controller is directly coupled to sensors 360 and 370, fuses the conditional probabilities and provides the decision. The integrating controllers can be used for one area to be protected, and tied into the operations controller to track a threat and anticipate what other areas need to be on alert, or take specific countermeasures based on projected movement of the threat. In further embodiments, the controllers provide data assessment and signal and data fusion, assigning weights to decisions provided from sensors.
Components in a network are chosen to match up with temporal response and sensitivity requirements of the agent threat spectrum. Biological agents may be present many hours before the onset of clinical symptoms, debilitation or death. However, early detection and identification of potential agent attacks, even without specific identification is exceedingly valuable because it enables simple prophylactic measures to be taken to dramatically reduce casualty rates. Areas to be protected are first modeled, and then a network architecture and components are selected. The component types, spatial locations and sequence of operation are selected to achieve a high probability of detection, Pd, and a low probability of false alarm, Pfa, both false positive and false negative.
Placement of chemical and biological sensors throughout the assessment domain requires information on where the sensors are to be placed. The characteristics of the different agents (chemical and biological) impact the transport of the agents to the sensor sampling location. In addition, the transport of these agents to the sensor should be maximized for optimal sensor response. These factors require that information be included on these effects for the final determination of the output response of the sensors.
Pre-placement computer simulations are done using information on the particle and gas phase characteristics to assist in placement determination. Additionally, simulations are done post-placement to determine the impact on the sensor response of its placement location. Individual components are experimentally tested to determine their probability of detection for various threats in a controlled environment by introducing known agents or simulants at predetermined rates to simulate various threats.
Signal processing by one of the controllers is used to combine individual responses of sensor components in order to improve the detection capabilities of the composite sensor network. Bayesian nets are used in one approach. Fuzzy rule based systems and Dempster Shafer theory of evidence are others. Bayesian nets ascribe conditional probabilities among the nodes of the network, and are characterized by their structure or connectivity relations among nodes.
In one configuration of a sensor network, a mass spectrometer detects the biological agents. An antibody sensor and PCR sensor are invoked to identify the biological agent. The results of the antibody and PCR sensors are fed into an integrating controller processor to make a reliable decision.
A timing diagram of a network of sensors detecting a biological attack is shown in
Triggers are usually placed on the ground, and can be both locally and remotely located relative to the area or building being protected by the network. Both of these sensors continuously monitor the particulate content of the air. Should a distribution of particles indicative of a biological or chemical agent attack be detected, an alarm is relayed to the integrating controller. A processor in the integrating controller sends a signal to the sampler/concentrator and samples of the air are collected for further analysis. Highly sensitive and specific core agent sensors, such as Mass-spectrometer, PCR and antibody-based sensors analyze these samples. Conclusive presence and identity of specific biological agents is ascertained by the PCR and antibody based sensors.
The timing diagram shows on-periods for the various sensor components for a controller, such as an integrating controller during one detection cycle. The diagram is for an outdoor threat scenario where the agent is dispensed from an aircraft, creating a bioaerosol cloud. If the agent is dispensed from the ground, then remote triggers will detect a potential threat before the Lidar. Note that the width of the pulse in
Sensor outputs are fused using the concept of conditional probability and Bayesian criterion. Individual sensors are first characterized by their statistical performance and by their temporal performance or sequence of operation as shown by the timing diagram of
The sensor components are used in these phases according to a threat encounter. For example, for a large concentration-fast release of the bioagent, in the alarm phase, mass spectrometer statistical performance is conditionally evaluated (conditional probability) given that a UV particle counter has triggered. Then, in the identification phase, antibody sensor statistical performance is conditionally evaluated given that a mass spectrometer has screened the environment.
For low concentration-slow release of a threat, the component roles change. For example, in the alarm phase, an antibody component is conditionally evaluated given a positive output from a mass spectrometer. In the identification phase, a PCR component is evaluated given the result from the mass spectrometer. Traditional statistical methods in detection are performed for development of multi-phase, multi-scenario, multi-network architectures that lead to sensor data fusion using signal processing capabilities of the operational controller.
Operation of the sensor network is heavily influenced by the capabilities of the individual sensors and the physical nature of the biological threat agents. The trigger sensors provide nearly real-time information on the particle count, particle size distribution and ultraviolet fluorescence character of aerosol particles in the atmosphere. MS sensors provide sampling onto a solid substrate and analysis of the protein content of captured particles. AB assays determine binding of antigens to specific antibodies through the use of optical or other detection techniques. PCR assays use primers and probes to assay the presence of agent specific DNA (or UVA) in the sample. The latter two assays operate on a sample captured into fluid or on a sample transferred from a solid substrate and placed into a liquid buffer. These sensors operate on principles that investigate the biochemical nature of the threat. In essence, each of them examine biochemical components that make up an aerosol threat particle. The trigger sensor uses a light scattering and fluorescence approach. The mass spectrometer uses a spectroscopic approach to detection, while the AB and PCR sensors operate using a specific capture element. Only AB sensors examine the rich 3-d structure of the chemical signature and hence is truly a biological sensor. These sensors are known in the art and are continually being improved. New sensors are also being invented and are easily incorporated into the proposed network.
One or more trigger sensors are positioned in fresh air inlets and return air inlets at 610 and 620. These components constantly monitor and learn particle counts, particle size distribution and fluorescent character of the ambient aerosol. The concept for the sensor network is to conduct long-term evaluations of the background to determine diurnal, climatic and seasonal changes. The learning continues for the entire lifetime of the sensor network. On a coarser time scale, each of the sensors in the network regularly investigates the aerosol background. For instance, a mass spectrometer samples air at nominal 5 minute intervals, and measures a background signal level. At longer intervals, AB and PCR sensors make similar routine measurements.
A mass spectrometer 630 combined with an air-to-air sample collector is positioned downstream from a supply fan, where fresh and reused air are mixed in one embodiment and is arranged such that it collects aerosol samples in the solid phase, from either the fresh air inlet or a return air inlet. The solid phase samples are then placed into aqueous solutions and analyzed by either AB-based or PCR-based sensors. This solid-to-liquid phase transfer can be automated by using microrobots. A fluidic interface is used in a further embodiment to supply samples to the specific sensors, which may be included in a container holding trigger sensors. All the sensors are communicatively coupled to a controller 640 for combining conditional probabilities provided by the sensors and further controlling operation of the sensors.
Further, Lidar sensors 642, 643 are placed in larger open areas, such as occupied space 645, or offices or labs 650, depending on expected threats. In further embodiment, Lidar sensors are placed exterior to the building, such as on top of the building to detect aerosol clouds from a distance. Further trigger types of sensors are optionally placed exterior to the building to detect a threat prior to it entering the building, or to confirm that the threat originated within the building. Note that the laser in the Lidar is designed to be eye-safe and hence suitable for operation in inhabited areas.
In one embodiment, the controller 640 is coupled to an HVAC controller to control the flow of air within the building in response to a threat. If the threat is exterior to the building, air is stopped from entering the building, or air is taken in through alternate air intakes that do not appear to be affected by the threat. If the threat is from within the building, its location can be identified, and air exhausted from the threatened area, while providing fresh, unaffected air to the non affected areas of the building. Evacuation alarms are also available.
Given a large release of biological agent in an interior environment, the indication of this threat is an increase in particle count, a change in particle size distribution and perhaps a change in the fluorescent character of particle from the background. While it would seem that all biological agents would produce an increase in fluorescent signal, this is not necessarily the case. It is conceivable that a fluorescent quencher could be co-aerosolized with the biothreat, leading to just an increase in particle count, albeit with a change in particle size distribution, as the only signature of a biorelease. Thus, a trigger device that explicitly measures particle counts and size distribution is used in the system. This basic mode of trigger may register many false positives. The false positive rate is lower for fluorescent threats because they are much more likely to be of biological origin. However, it is expected that for most realistic threats, the trigger will initiate many analyses by the other sensors in the network. When the aerosol particle character changes from the expected background to something different, the sensor network reacts by moving from the background sampling mode to a rapid response mode.
In a rapid response operating mode of a sensor network, the MS sensor is directed to collect a fresh sample from the proper aerosol collector such as return airflow. A much higher particle collection rate is initiated by greatly increasing airflow into the sampler. The goal is to reduce response times to below five minutes. The sample is collected and rapidly analyzed in the MS for an initial identification. Based on this putative identification, a sample is collected by either the AB or PCR sensor or both for analysis. This choice is driven by the initial identification made by the MS. If the MS indicates that the agent is a spore, bacteria or virus (all containing nucleic acid) the primary back up identifier will be the PCR. However, the AB sensor also has the potential for doing this identification and so is also employed if the MS indicates reasonably high concentration levels. Conversely, if the MS indicates that the threat is due to a toxin, the AB sensor will provide the primary backup with the PCR sensor not likely providing any useful information. This mode of operation plays to the strengths of each sensor component technology and will help reduce the probability of false alarm for the overall sensor network.
Given a large exterior threat, it would first be characterized by trigger signals in the fresh air inlet. This could trigger a shut down of the inlet air, and a switch to 100% recirculation. Overpressurization of the building with clean air if possible would minimize infiltration. Additional advanced filtration and agent neutralization techniques could also be employed.
Given a slow leaker type of threat (low concentration agent release over an extended period of time), much more stringent requirements are placed on detection. The concentration of the agent particles will be very low compared to the background. It is unlikely that a trigger sensor will detect such a release relative to normal background variation. The network is operated in an untriggered mode for this scenario. The untriggered operation is a natural operating mode for the background investigation. For this scenario, the background measurements also provide indication of the presence of a slow leaker if the sensitivity and clutter rejection of the sensors in the network are high enough.
In one architecture for networks, the controllers are arranged in a hierarchy. Integrating controllers are arranged in orthogonal, parallel or mixed configurations. Orthogonal refers to measuring different biological agents or agent classes using different physical/biological mechanisms (sensors). Parallel refers to measuring the same agent/agent classes using similar mechanisms. Mix refers to a combination of orthogonal and parallel.
The Bayesian net representation of the configuration of a sensor network consists of a graph structure and parameters. The graph structure shown in
Each node makes a binary decision, either detect (D) or reject (R) the presence of a biological agent. The joint probability distribution of the configuration, p(T,A,P,F), is computed from the CPD from the Bayes rule as:
Where T=Mass spectrometer, A=Anti-body sensor, P=PCR sensor, and F=Fused decision.
To complete the Bayesian net, the CPD of each node is filled in. This is done by combination of computation from empirical data and expected maximization (EM). CPDs are computed from the empirical data for as many nodes as possible. Missing data is filled in by exercising an EM method. The EM method finds a local maximum likelihood estimate (MLE) of the CPD in a two step iterative manner. The first step treats expected values as observed data and computes the CPD using the MLE principle. These two steps repeat to reach a maximum MLE for the network.
The three sensors' results are considered as a sequence of events because the response time of each sensor differs. In such case, the signal processing combines the results as they arrive. Assuming that the MS result arrives first, the Antibody second and the PCR result third, there are four cases to consider. The first case is that all three detect the agent. The combined likelihood is 1.0. In the second case, the Antibody sensor rejects the agent, while the other two sensors detect the agent. The combined result is a likelihood of 0.9782. In the third case, the PCR rejects the agent. The likelihood increases first, and then drops to zero. This is because the PCR always detects an agent when it is present. When the PCR does not detect agent, the combined result makes a no agent decision. In the fourth case, the MS rejects, and both the Antibody and PCR detect. The combined likelihood is 1.0, indicating a strong belief of the agent's presence. Yet, when the MS rejects, the likelihood is already 1.0. This is because the effect of the MS does not directly impact the fusion node. There is no LINK between the fusion node and the MS node. That is, the fusion node is independent of the MS node.
The Bayesian net that is illustrated in this example represents only one of many possible configurations of sensors. For example, it becomes another configuration if the output of the MS feeds into the fusion node. An optimization process is applied to determine the optimal configuration based on a system figure of merit.
The number of data samples should be large to obtain better results. Relevant knowledge, such as expected combined results are also fed into the network in one embodiment. A second network is optionally used in parallel with the network to identify false alarms. The dual network has the same structure, but different false alarm CPDs. Further, each biological agent will have its own Bayesian net, which is integrated with the other networks to provide independent probabilities for each agent.
Several different sensor configurations are shown in
Different network configurations are based on a the figure of merit. Knowing the performance of each individual sensor from a software model or empirical evidence as described above, different combinations of integrating controllers and operation controllers are designed for each area to be protected. A local Bayesian net for decision fusion is used at each integrating controller to derive the integrating controllers performance. This then propagates through a global Bayesian net implemented at the operation controller. The global net computes an aggregated network performance. Different combinations of controllers constitute different networks and their corresponding figures of merit. An optimal network is selected from these networks.
Component characterization and TD, time of detection are described for various components in one embodiment. Characterizations and TD may change as components are improved over time, and as new components are invented. A TRIGGER SENSOR has a TD on the order of seconds and consumes little power. This type of component is useful for continuous monitoring or sampling. The MS has a time of detection on the order of less than 5 minutes. It consumes chemicals at a medium consumption level, and should not be run continuously without sufficient resources to replace the tapes and chemicals on a regular basis. Transferring the sample from solid phase into a liquid is performed in approximately 1-2 minutes, and requires buffer and sonication, which rates fairly low on a consumables/logistics scale. AB components analyze within approximately 15 minutes but have a high consumption level. PCR components analyze within approximately 30 minutes and have a very high level of consumption of reagents. These are examples for presently existing sensors. New sensors are characterized as they become available and are integrated appropriately into the networks.
A system for testing sensors is shown in
An optimization process is performed for any given area in accordance with the pseudocode of
The sensor network provides the ability to detect, classify and identify a diverse range of agents over a large area, such as a geographical region or building. The network possesses speed of detection, sensitivity, and specificity for the diverse range of agents such as chemical and biological agents. A high probability of detection with low probability of false alarm is provided by the processing of information provided from multiple sensors. An evidence accrual method, such as a Bayesian net is utilized to combine sensor decisions from the multiple sensors in the network to reach a decision regarding the presence or absence of a threat. The sensor network is field portable and capable of autonomous operation. It also is capable of providing automated output decisions.
Different functional level types of sensors are employed in the network to perform early warning, broadband detection and highly specific and sensitive detection. Early warning sensors locate bio-aerosol clouds and measure particle size distribution. Examples of early warning sensors include Lidars and trigger sensors. Broadband detection sensors provide rapid detection and classification of a wide range of agents. One example of a broadband detection sensor is a mass spectrometer. By using the broadband sensor to trigger downstream sensors, power consumption and reagent consumption in the downstream sensors is minimized. Highly specific and sensitive detection sensors provide identification of biological agents with a high probability of detection and low probability of false alarm. They also provide information valuable for treatment. Sensors of this type perform DNA analysis using PCR, and antibody analysis using antibody-based assays.
The different levels of sensors and diversity of sensors, combined with the fusion of outputs from multiple sensors provide the ability to design networks of sensors for specific areas or structures for different types of threats. Early warning sensors are useful outside of structures or in open areas to provide an early warning of a potential threat. Such sensors are also useful in large structures, such as stadiums or auditoriums to provide early warning of an internal release of an agent. Broadband detection types of sensors are used in air intakes of buildings to provide fast response, and highly specific sensors are used within or near areas to be protected in one embodiment. The operation of the sensors is sequenced or in unison depending on the type of threat.
Most of the sensors used in the embodiments above are designed for biological agent detection. Chemical agent detection sensors are easily integrated into biological agent detection networks, and into purely chemical agent detection networks. Examples of chemical agent detectors include ion mobility mass spectrometers, surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors, and gas sampling mass spectrometers. As mentioned previously, there is no known limit to the types of sensors that can be used in agent detection networks. As long as the performance and capabilities of the sensors are known, they can be used in such networks.
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Valeria Botte Coca works on the Detox Campaign for Greenpeace International.
The ability of a small group of pioneers to change the world for the better should never be underestimated. One such group of people is the team at Red ...On February 25, 2013 / By Valeria Botte Coca
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Inside Jokes: Using Humor to Reverse-Engineer the MindHardback
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- Paperback $14.98
- Publisher: MIT Press
- Format: Hardback | 376 pages
- Dimensions: 157mm x 231mm x 28mm | 658g
- Publication date: 1 April 2011
- Publication City/Country: Cambridge, Mass.
- Edition: 1
- Sales rank: 211,998
Product description
Some things are funny -- jokes, puns, sitcoms, Charlie Chaplin, The Far Side, Malvolio with his yellow garters crossed -- but why? Why does humor exist in the first place? Why do we spend so much of our time passing on amusing anecdotes, making wisecracks, watching The Simpsons? In Inside Jokes, Matthew Hurley, Daniel Dennett, and Reginald Adams offer an evolutionary and cognitive perspective. Humor, they propose, evolved out of a computational problem that arose when our long-ago ancestors were furnished with open-ended thinking. Mother Nature -- aka natural selection -- cannot just order the brain to find and fix all our time-pressured misleaps and near-misses. She has to bribe the brain with pleasure. So we find them funny. This wired-in source of pleasure has been tickled relentlessly by humorists over the centuries, and we have become addicted to the endogenous mind candy that is humor.
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Matthew M. Hurley is currently researching teleology and agency at the Center for Research on Concepts and Cognition at Indiana University. Daniel C. Dennett is University Professor and Austin B. Fletcher Professor of Philosophy at Tufts University. He is the author of Sweet Dreams: Philosophical Obstacles to a Science of Consciousness (MIT Press) and other books. Reginald B. Adams, Jr., is Associate Professor of Psychology researching emotion and social perception at Penn State University.
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"[O]ne of the most complex and sophisticated humor theories ever presented...The authors should be lauded for their thought-provoking and original work." --Evolutionary Psychology "The theory [the authors] elaborate is a detailed and sophisticated descendant of incongruity theories. ... The learned and even-handed stance adopted by [them] regarding problem cases is ... upbeat: they regard their theory as a provisional staging post, and a prompt to further empirical enquiry into these open-ended issues. On balance, that is probably the right attitude to take." -- The Times Literary Supplement " Inside Jokes is the most persuasive theory of humor in the centuries that scientists have been trying to explain why we crack up. Extra bonus: unlike most such research, which is about as funny as a root canal, Hurley's analysis is -- and I don't think I'm going out on too much of a limb here -- the funniest thing the MIT Press...has ever published (in a good way)." Sharon Begley The Daily Beast "Science advances by asking new questions, and Matthew Hurley, Daniel Dennett, and Reginald Adams raise a lot of them... Some of these questions have been asked before, but no previous attempt succeeds in answering so many so well." Walter Sinnott-Armstrong Science


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Does anyone else have this problem?
My mare is great to jump. She's willing, always has her ears forward, and seems to really enjoy it. But whenever I jump her bareback, she bucks. Now, not when I trot over it or anything, but when we're cantering, or if I ask for her to land cantering, she'll throw her head down and start baby bucking. The weird thing is, is she never bucks usually. I mean, I can probly count on one finger the times she's bucked outside of bareback jumping. I've jumped other horses bareback before, but she's the only one to complain. What do you think it is?


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What's in My Bag
Friday, July 18, 2014 | Things We Love
by Pür Content Marketing Manager Margaret
Happy Friday Pür fans! Here is a special "Friday: Drinks After Work" edition of What's in My Bag! Follow us on Instagram @purminerals for all of the details!
The post What's in My Bag appeared first on pür palette.


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Planning an outdoor baptism or a garden christening? These ethereal butterfly shaped boxes embody the spirit of the season and are perfect for baptisms, christenings, or any springtime event. Each easy-to-assemble DIY party favor box is shaped like a butterfly and made of thick, textured paper.
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Cynthia LundTorroll
Cynthia LundTorroll
WI, United States
About Cynthia LundTorroll
American artist Cynthia Lund Torroll began drawing at the age of two. Her work is a visual diary - recording personal observations of her life and the world at large. Cynthia's drawings have been exhibited, awarded and collected internationally.
Cynthia is self taught.
March 2015 - A brief interview + sampling of Cynthia's work is in "Hey!" modern art & pop culture, Edition #21, bi-lingual publication, Paris, France
Form + Void ~ The Golden Thread Gallery ~ Hartford, CT
Sir Eel Moderne - Artworks, Kenosha, WI - (Best of Show)
"From Here to Her Collective" various regional exhibitions
Cloak + Dagger ~ The New Bohemian Gallery ~ Brainerd, MN - (People's Choice Award)
Forward 2014 - Charles Allis Art Museum, MKE, WI
Connecticut Academy of Fine Arts 102nd Exhibition - Mystic, CT - (Drawing Award)
MOWA Member's Show - Museum of Wisconsin Art, West Bend, WI - (Staff Pick Award)
Visionaries ~ The Art of the Fantastic, Queensborough, NY
Outsider Art Fair - New York, NY
Outsider Art Fair - New York, NY
SOFA Chicago 2010 - Chicago, IL
Trillium Art Gallery - Woodstock, NY
Outsider Art Fair – New York, NY
250 Square Feet of Art - The Eisner Museum of Advertising and Design -Milwaukee, WI
Mirrors - Mori Gallery - Sydney, Australia
Manly Arts Festival - Manly, Australia
4th Annual Outsider Art in the Hamptons - Galerie Bel Age - Westhampton Beach, NY
2008 - 2006
Internal Guidance Systems - Curators: Anne Grgich with Colin Rhodes. Selected Venues:
Mark Woolley Gallery - Portland, OR
N4th Gallery - Albuquerque, NM
The Outsider Art Center - Minneapolis, MN
TAG Gallery - Nashville, TN
AOT Gallery - Port Townsend, WA
Gallery Gachet - Vancouver, BC
Track 16 - Santa, Monica, CA
Georgetown Tileworks - Seattle WA
Lewis and Clark College - Portland, OR
The Arnold Gallery - Portland, OR
Outsider Folk Art Gallery - Redding, PA
Outsider Art Fair - New York, NY
Breaking the Walls of Bias: art by Survivors - Galerie Bel Age - Westhampton Beach, NY
3rd Annual Outsider Art in the Hamptons - Galerie Bel Age - Westhampton Beach, NY
Outsider Art Fair - The Puck Building - New York, NY
Dealer's Choice - The Mark Woolley Gallery - Portland, OR
250 Square Feet of Art - The Eisner Museum of Advertising and Design - Milwaukee, WI
Nothing is Black + White - art by outsider, visionary + intuitive artists - art sites, Riverhead, NY
2006 - 2006
Outsider Art Fair - New York, NY
2004 - 2003
The Collection Art Visionary - touring exhibition - Australia
Global Arts Link Gallery - Ipswich, Queensland
Orange Regional Gallery - Orange, NSW
Parramatta Heritage Centre -Parramatta, NSW
Manning Regional Art Gallery - Taree, NSW
Riddoch Regional Gallery - Mount Gambier, South Australia
Ballarat Fine Art Gallery - Ballarat, Victoria
As I See Myself – An Exhibition of Autobiographical Art - Kentucky Museum of Arts + Design
Louisville, KY
Emerging Artists 2003 - Limner Gallery - New York, NY
Brave Destiny - The New Surrealists - Williamsburg Art and Historical Center - Brooklyn, NY
Dreams – RSVP Illustration Exhibition - Museum of American Illustrators - New York, NY
Wisconsin Artists Biennial - Wisconsin
Art Garden Too - Paine Art Center & Gardens - Oshkosh, WI
Shadows - RSVP Illustration Exhibition - Museum of American Illustrators - New York, NY
Solo Exhibition - Joshua DeSantis Gallery/Anderson Arts Center - Kenosha, WI
Cambridge Art Association National Prize Show - Cambridge, MA
Group 2000 Retrospective (Best of Show) - Anderson Arts Center -Kenosha, WI
National Drawing Show - An Art Place - Chicago, IL
Paul Donhauser & Cynthia Lund Torroll - the globe -Oshkosh, WI
Metamorphosis - Constance Lindholm Fine Art Gallery - Milwaukee, WI
4th Annual Graphic Art Exhibition - Art Addiction International Gallery - Stockholm, Sweden
Solo Exhibition - Joshua DeSantis Gallery/Anderson Arts Center - Kenosha, WI
San Bernadino Art Association Inland Exhibition XXXII - Redlands, CA
Small Works - Ward-Nasse Gallery -New York, NY
100 Women/100 Works - The Women's Foundation of Genessee Valley Center at High Falls - Rochester Room Gallery - Rochester, NY
The Burning Bra & Other Bedside Tales - Mills Pond House Gallery - St. James, NY
Art Prospect - La Jolla, CA
Group Show - Internos Gallery -Milwaukee, WI
American Illustration West 32 - Los Angeles, CA
Illustration West 32 - The Society of Illustrators of Los Angeles - Otis Gallery - Los Angeles, CA


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Results 1 to 9 of 9
Thread: Uni in america
August 28th, 2006 #1
Uni in america
Hi i was wondering if anyone has any advice they could offer me or if anyone has any experience in this, but i was hoping to study art or illustration something along those lines in america, but from first impression it seems really expensive
I'm from the Uk, so it would cost loads to do, but apparently you can get grants etc to study abroad? i was just wondeirng if anyone else has done this and also any recommendations of universitys would be appreciated
i do need to do a lot more digging round for information etc (as im sure you can tell from my vagueness), but anything that you can offer would be appreciated
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Hide this ad by registering as a memberAugust 28th, 2006 #2
It costs a shit load. Better get those lottery tickets out.
I had the same plans once upon a time. Never happend though...
» sketchbook
» blog
» website
(First rule of Pocket Club...)
August 28th, 2006 #3
urg, same here really i kinda gave up hope and decided bristol or somewhere, london still being a bit too pricey. i cant stand small places i need a city! ive lived in a valley for too long!
But this is just kinda last minute wondering coz i need to sort stuff out asap, i need to finalise my A level choices for this year and stuff
August 28th, 2006 #4
Try the Education forum.
August 29th, 2006 #5
Nowadays, the cost for study equals more than the money you receive more compared to a normal skilled person when you work later. [/sidenote]
Sketchbook | Flickr | YouTube
August 29th, 2006 #6Originally Posted by cartoonfox
The whole US system is shift from grants, scholorships and free education..to higher tuition, reduction of grants and maximizing the amount of money the student is forced to take out on loans... so many of my friends who took visual arts at NYU are fucked for life with something like $160,000 in loans in the end.
blah. So much for ever buying a house.
My work: [link]
August 29th, 2006 #7
Well, poverty and injustice concerning the latter is accepted in your country. We're going the same way right now. The first fees for state unis where collected some months ago, although it isn't as expensive as is in the US. My brother is busy with uni-stuff, driving 100 km to the uni and back, and learning for tests all day, how could he work in the meantime? I think it's 250 bucks per month right know, and it is about to be risen to 750 per month next year or so.
Rather than subsidizing farming, much more public money should go into education. We're already dumb as hell and most of us are unemployed. Raising a credit isn't a solution. DONT do it, as simple as that.
Sketchbook | Flickr | YouTube
August 29th, 2006 #8
What you might want to look into is seeing if any UK Unis have "exchange student" schemes with foreign Unis, although if they do , it'll typically only be for a term or two and usually towards the end of your studies.
August 29th, 2006 #9
FIT in NYC. Lots of cute British girls come to study there. Why should you be any different
Their program is fairly challenging and damn good if you pick the right teachers. And it's a state school so tuition is not an arm and a leg.