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Press release from Marketwire
Continental Gold Drills 25.45 m @ 12.02 g/t Au and 57.4 g/t Ag at Veta Sur and Extends the Veta Sur Mineralization 350 m Vertically with the First Drill-Hole of the Buritica Deep Drilling Program
Wednesday, August 31, 2011
Continental Gold Drills 25.45 m @ 12.02 g/t Au and 57.4 g/t Ag at Veta Sur and Extends the Veta Sur Mineralization 350 m Vertically with the First Drill-Hole of the Buritica Deep Drilling Program06:30 EDT Wednesday, August 31, 2011TORONTO, ONTARIO--(Marketwire - Aug. 31, 2011) -Continental Gold Ltd. ("Continental" or the "Company") (TSX:CNL) is pleased to announce results for 16 diamond drill-holes from the Company's ongoing program at its Buriticá Project in Antioquia, Colombia. Over 80,000 metres of diamond drilling have been completed on the property to date and nine drills are currently on schedule to complete approximately 100,000 metres of surface and underground drilling by the end of 2011.HighlightsVeta Sur (Figures 1and 2)Two drill-holes extended the high grade central part of this system to the southwest and up-dip. Drill intercepts including: 25.45 m @ 12.02 g/t gold, 57.4 g/t silver, including 2.25 m @ 43.76 g/t gold and 113 g/t silver (BUSY167) 2.10 m @ 21.31 g/t gold, 31.1 g/t silver and 1.50 m @ 14.21 g/t gold and 43 g/t silver (BUSY180) Drilling in Veta Sur central continued to demonstrate the continuity of high base metal-carbonate veining and common Stage II overprints as well as high silver veins in this area. Highlights include: 1.1 m @ 3.90 g/t gold, 1424 g/t silver and 3.0 m @ 17.11 g/t gold, 15 g/t silver (BUSY165) 4.5 m @ 2.43 g/t gold, 244.1 g/t silver and 1.19 m @ 18.47 g/t gold, 56.5 g/t silver (BUSY181) 1.55 m @ 22.47 g/t gold, 56 g/t silver and 0.5 m @ 142.1 g/t gold., 96 g/t silver (BUSY185) 10.35 m @ 18.15 g/t gold, 25.1 g/t silver and 3.35 m @ 12.63 g/t gold, 11.5 g/t silver (BUSY186) BUSY192 intersected high grade gold and silver veins with relatively low base metal contents confirming the northeasterly extensions of the Veta Sur system deep under the Diatreme Fault, including: 3.24 m @ 32.7 g/t gold, 350.6 g/t silver and 4.25 m @ 24.12 g/t gold, 57.9 g/t silver BUSY164, drilling for the southwest extensions of Veta Sur, intersected several auriferous veins at depth and also a family of silver-rich veins including 3 m @ 517 g/t silver. BUSY 210 (awaiting assay), the first deep drill-hole under the Veta Sur system, encountered base metal carbonate mineralization at elevations up to 350 metres deeper than any previous drill-hole. Yaragua and Yaragua South (Figure 1)BUSY178 and BUSY182 extended the Yaragua system to the west of and underneath the Diatreme Fault, both holes encountering substantial mineralized intercepts, including: 6.60 m @ 6.01 g/t gold, 35.2 g/t silver, incl. 1.53 m @ 19.29 g/t gold, 72 g/t silver (BUSY178) 4.5 m @ 9.8 g/t gold, 7.4 g/t silver (BUSY182) BUUY58 and BUUY59 drilled across west central Yaragua each intersected several major veins from the Murcielagos family in the south and also substantial widths of lower grade mineralization, including: 2.20 m @ 55.12 g/t gold, 30.6 g/t silver (BUUY58) 4.50 m @ 6.20 g/t gold, 22.3 g/t silver and 2.6% zinc (BUUY59) In addition to encountering several new auriferous vein sets, BUSY176 and BUSY183, drilled from south of Yaragua, extended the Murcielagos family of veins deep under eastern Yaragua. High grade intercepts include: 2.0 m @ 20.44 g/t gold and 4.2 g/t silver and 0.6 m @ 22.43 g/t gold, 23.0 g/t silver (BUSY176) 1.4 m @ 14.16 g/t gold, 8.3 g/t silver (BUSY183) BUSY187 demonstrated the continuity of high silver-auriferous veins, south of the Murcielagos family of veins over 70 metres from previous drilling. Significant intercepts including: 2.90 m @ 4.53 g/t gold, 588 g/t silver, incl. 1.40 m @ 5.99 g/t gold, 1210 g/t silver DetailsContinental's 100%-owned, 22,457-hectare project, Buriticá, contains several known areas of high-grade gold and silver mineralization, of base metal-carbonate style ("Stage I") variably overprinted by texturally and chemically distinctive high-grade "Stage II" mineralization. The two most extensively explored of these areas (the Yaragua system and the Veta Sur system, Figure 1) are central to this land package. The Yaragua System has been drill-outlined along 550 metres of strike and 600 vertical metres and partially sampled in underground developments. The Veta Sur system has been drill intersected along 500 metres of strike and over 900 vertical metres, including the latest visual intercept (Figure 2). Both systems are characterized by multiple, steeply dipping veins and broader, more disseminated mineralization and both remain open at depth at high grades. Veta SurSignificant new drill intercepts in the Veta Sur system are tabulated below:DrillholeFrom (m)To (m)Interval* (m)Gold (g/t)Silver (g/t)Zinc (ppm)RL (m)BUSY16412.0015.003.000.01517.01128186017.0019.502.50<0.005119.0761185522.5024.451.95<0.005196.07571850216.60218.101.503.1255.030161670256.50261.305.801.8622.5119801630BUSY165132.08133.11.026.86320.0724001655142.722.214.171.1241424.01684001645147.00148.41.401.34306.0120001634189.3190.10.8013.0060.028001600232.15233.100.953.005.711901558305.50307.001.5018.94108.219391487342.00375.0032.003.8723.14301428incl.361.50372.0010.507.2632.92741409409.00412.003.0017.1115.034571388421.00428.507.504.153.25771373454.50454.950.4515.00100.0188001344BUSY167143.35143.750.4011.00350.020201593185.10186.701.603.449.68461553297.20300.002.802.2993.86901446319.70345.1525.4512.0257.438401430incl.324.80327.052.2543.76113.058831418335.00340.445.4423.0473.614401406400.31400.850.5413.328.52361347426.00427.001.005.3040.04671322BUSY180117.20120.002.8011.9011.420821628141.05182.7541.704.1216.012211606incl.141.05143.052.1021.3131.11106164.00165.501.5014.2143.09151588169.00173.504.504.7014.021671577349.10351.001.901.4550.3211871430BUSY181121.84123.501.662.6779.7639531657168.35172.504.152.43244.128661627incl.169.00170.001.006.51340.03305172.00172.500.501.72756.089271617192.90126.96.36.19916.92651597incl.192.90193.300.4016.1517.087292.93294.001.077.9024.013881503328.50337.448.946.4721.68101464incl.336.25337.441.1918.4756.5391342.00343.701.708.6420.413171546365.40372.206.802.055.49891431413.10414.601.505.154.419941390428.20429.000.807.957.457601376509.50512.603.103.973.16391299531.80532.200.4044.3325.01911279536.00538.902.9013.2016.32491273546.65548.652.005.5720.716381264BUSY184376.40377.000.603.3151.0>100001504BUSY18569.8070.100.304.20334.0257001714131.45133.001.5522.4756.0353551653192.37195.002.632.9530.914931593228.00228.700.701.38473.09331559283.50284.000.50142.1096.04991505320.75323.773.027.3622.75271468360.80363.602.805.0512.36091428390.13392.001.874.555.825171400393.00396.903.903.178.45311393433.00435.002.007.655.23531358444.50446.001.506.248.513001345489.30491.502.204.572.13221302BUSY186112.10112.800.7021.01549.0666001618268.10269.451.357.0736.39631462401.65412.0010.3518.1525.28851330incl.402.10404.752.6542.5942.01697414.00421.807.807.0228.211871314446.30450.003.702.7014.15061284453.00454.001.0012.3660.02101280477.30494.9017.604.159.71741249incl.484.25487.603.3512.6311.5518499.75501.201.4518.5024.512671234516.25517.150.9017.0437.64901221EOH518.65519.000.355.2021.01541215BUSY192212.00214.502.503.995.78081577282.00283.221.2218.673.914331512291.65295.003.352.8912.414111501301.00311.7010.7011.22146.29371489incl.305.08308.323.2432.70350.62006408.00410.102.104.2124.94071396417.60421.103.506.175.91961387427.75432.004.2524.1257.93011378457.30458.301.005.3522.01671352492.56493.701.146.1329.76851322499.10503.434.333.5710.72381314*Intercepts calculated at 1g/t gold-equivalent cut-off grade. True widths unknown, but mostly between 60 and 30% of the down-hole interval.Drilling at Veta Sur has focused on and been successful at:extending the system to the southwest extending and better defining the central high grade part of the system evaluating the deep extensions in the northeast and southwest Two drill-holes (BUSY167 and BUSY180) were drilled in the gap between central and western Veta Sur (Figure 1). Both intersected multiple high grade auriferous veins (for example, BUSY167 2.25 m @ 43.76 g/t gold, 113 g/t silver and BUSY180 2.10 m @ 21.31 g/t gold and 31 g/t silver) within broader intervals (for example, BUSY167 25.45 m @ 12.02 g/t gold, 57.4 g/t silver) of medium grade gold exhibiting moderate base metal contents. Four drill-holes (BUSY186, BUSY181, BUSY165 and BUSY185: Figures 1 and 2) targeted the central part of Veta Sur. Each intersected multiple high grade auriferous veins (some with high silver contents) commonly within broader mineralized intervals. These intercepts (Table 1) demonstrate strong grade continuity of vein sets along strike and dip. BUSY186 extended high grade gold mineralization down to elevations below 1250m RL in central Veta Sur (Figure 2). Each hole also displayed several intersections with Stage II overprints, significantly extending the area of influence of this high grade mineralization.BUSY192 was drilled to clarify the extensions of the Veta Sur system to the northeast, under the Diatreme Fault system. Mineralised intercepts in this drill-hole occur over a substantial depth range down to 1300m RL (Figure 2). High grade vein sets (from 305.08m down-hole, 3.24 m @ 32.70 g/t gold, 350.6 g/t silver and from 427.75 m, 4.25 m @ 24.12 g/t, 57.9 g/t silver) correlate well with those in BUSY150, BUSY90 and BUSY82 also drilled in northeast Veta Sur, extending these veins both laterally & vertically.BUSY164 expanded the Veta Sur system to the southwest (Figure 1), encountering several auriferous base metal-rich veins (Table 1) in this area.Several drill-holes added significantly to the emerging silver story in the Veta Sur system. BUSY 164 intersected a set of veins with high Ag/Au in southern Veta Sur, including 3.0 m @ 517 g/t silver. BUSY167 (0.4 m @ 11 g/t gold, 350 g/t silver) and BUSY186 (0.7 m @ 21.01 g/t gold, 549 g/t silver) intersected good silver grades on the southern side of Veta Sur (Figure 1) confirming a high silver vein set through this area. BUSY181 (1 m @ 6.51 g/t Au, 340 g/t silver), BUSY165 (1.10 m @ 3.90 g/t gold, 1424 g/t silver) and BUSY185 (0.70 m @ 1.38 g/t gold, 473 g/t silver) all encountered multiple intervals of high grade silver on the northern side of Veta Sur, adding to extents of silver-rich veins in this area.Yaragua (Figure 1)Significant new drill intercepts in the Yaragua system are tabulated below:DrillholeFrom (m)To (m)Interval (m)Gold (g/t)Silver (g/t)Zinc (ppm)Vein NameBUUY5910.2022.4012.203.5919.022693Brecciaincl.14.9019.404.506.2022.325567Murcielagos31.5035.904.402.2625.216586Murcielagos67.1071.504.403.934.2278Murcielagos76.9080.403.505.939.07019Murcielagos81.9085.103.202.983.23513Murcielagos240.00241.001.005.4446.04035Vein B364.90365.300.4015.856.51717Vein CBUUY5810.0020.0010.002.2815.1021788Murcielagos22.0035.5013.502.746.67927Murcielagos169.00170.501.503.213.1655Vein B188.50202.0013.5011.249.93526Vein Bincl199.80202.002.2055.1230.65987Vein B207.60208.601.0014.449.41143Vein B209.90211.001.108.1114.02455Vein B296.00296.700.707.4470.010500Vein C320.00321.501.503.1930.04381Vein C400.80402.601.802.8010.81977SofiaBUSY178131.00131.550.5522.8038.01009Vein A144.50146.001.505.4426.0527FW Vein161.40168.006.606.0135.24318San Aincl.164.59168.001.5319.2972.05881San A265.002188.8.131.527.81551Vein C335.50336.000.505.035.16650Vein BBUSY182138.35140.001.652.189.2604Vein A143.10144.851.752.0138.02589San A222.63237.6515.022.703.2102Vein C291.80293.301.503.0655.02896Vein B327.85342.9515.103.834.98308Murcielagosincl.329.35333.854.509.687.45977MurcielagosBUUS004NoneBUUS0064.507.503.002.962.101872FW VeinBUUS0074.506.001.503.524.92107FW Vein*Intercepts calculated at 1g/t gold-equivalent cut-off grade. True widths unknown, but mostly between 60 and 30% of the down-hole interval.BUUY- and BUUS- drill-holes collared in underground openings.Drilling in the Yaragua area has focused on and been successful in:extending the vein system to the west of previous drilling defining the main vein sets below other drilling in west-central Yaragua BUSY178 and BUSY182 (Figure 1) both intersected multiple auriferous veins (see Table 2 for vein correlations) within broader mineralized intervals that correlate well between holes. The drill intercepts are up to 100metres west of those encountered in previous drilling and demonstrate the continuity of the Yaragua system at relatively high elevations and also deep below the Diatreme Fault.BUUY58 and BUUY59 (Figure 1) drilled to north in west-central Yaragua also intersected multiple vein sets (see Table 2 for vein correlations) and broader intervals of breccias-hosted mineralization, some intercepts being deeper than previous drilling in this area. These drill holes further demonstrate the lateral and vertical continuity of the southerly and central vein sets in west-central Yaragua.BUUS006 and BUS007, short holes drilled to clarify the distribution of mineralization in the walls of underground openings, both intersected veins north of and footwall to the San Antonio vein.Yaragua South (Figure 1)Significant new intercepts from drill-holes collared in the Yaragua South area are tabulated below:DrillholeFrom (m)To (m)Interval (m)Gold (g/t)Silver (g/t)Zinc (ppm)Vein NameBUSY168noneBUSY176240.50242.502.0020.444.2491Yaragua South276.50279.753.256.5511.01871Yaragua South336.00341.005.003.0513.05988Yaragua South343.80344.300.506.8793.080300Yaragua South367.40368.000.6022.3423.066800Murcielagos457.60459.001.404.0311.08854Murcielagos473.65474.150.507.81112.024800Murcielagos516.50518.101.604.681.61289Vein B521.10522.601.505.658.610200Vein B529.30530.501.204.1119.059300Vein BBUSY17924.6025.500.907.1755.026MurcielagosBUSY18375.7078.002.303.0916.22625Yaragua South119.60120.550.954.3318.0147Yaragua South282.80284.451.655.6331.74041Murcielagos326.50327.000.505.8936.01715Murcielagos492.55502.559.954.602.9472Vein Bincl.498.50500.001.5010.505.7930Vein B501.10502.501.4014.168.3441Vein BBUSY18774.5077.402.904.53588.025784Murcielagosincl.74.5075.901.405.991210.047250Murcielagos88.9090.401.502.4974.08202Murcielagos103.35104.401.056.609.46347Murcielagos308.60310.101.504.133.2845Yaragua SouthBUSY188None*Intercepts calculated at 1g/t gold-equivalent cut-off grade. True widths unknown, but mostly between 60 and 30% of the down-hole interval.Drilling from the Yaragua South area has focused on and been successful in:evaluating the easterly and depth extensions of the southern Yaragua vein sets clarifying the distribution of auriferous and silver-rich veins south of the main Yaragua system BUSY183 and BUSY176 each intersected multiple vein sets (Table 3) of the southern Yaragua system extending these veins to depths substantially below underground openings in eastern Yaragua (Figure 1).Both drill-holes, at shallower depths, resulted in the discovery of several new auriferous vein sets in the Yaragua South area. The distribution of these intercepts and surface geochemical anomalies may indicate that these vein sets have substantial strike and depth extents.BUSY187 intersected high grade silver veins (including 1.40 m @ 5.99 g/t gold, 1210 g/t silver) south of the main Murcielagos veins, confirming substantial strike and depth extents of this silver-rich southerly system.To view the figures associated with this Press Release, please visit the following links: http://media3.marketwire.com/docs/cnl-0831-fig1.pdf http://media3.marketwire.com/docs/cnl-0831-fig2.pdf Technical Information The results of the Company's drilling program have been reviewed, verified and compiled by Vic Wall, PhD, a qualified person for the purpose of NI 43-101. Dr. Wall is a geologist with 35 years in the minerals mining, consulting, exploration and research industries. Following a career in Australian and North American academes, he held senior positions in a number of multinational major and junior minerals companies. A Fellow of the Australian Institute of Geoscientists, Dr. Wall is Principal of Taylor Wall & Associates, a Brisbane-based consultancy that provides geoscientific services to mineral companies and government agencies, worldwide.The company utilizes an industry-standard QA/QC program. HQ and NQ diamond drill-core is sawn in half with one half shipped to a sample preparation lab in Medellín run by SGS Colombia. 100% of BQ diameter drill samples are shipped. Samples are then shipped for analysis to SGS certified assay laboratory in Lima, Peru. The remainder of the core is stored in a secured storage facility for future assay verification. Blanks, duplicates and certified reference standards are inserted into the sample stream to monitor laboratory performance and a portion of the samples are periodically check assayed at ACME laboratories in Vancouver and/or Inspectorate Labs in Reno.About Continental Gold Limited Continental Gold Limited (TSX:CNL) is an advanced-stage exploration company with nine gold projects covering over 197,000 hectares in Colombia. Spearheaded by a management team with over 40 years of exploration and mining experience in South America, the Company has begun an aggressive exploration program on its extensive portfolio of properties with a focus on Buriticá, its flagship high-grade gold project. Additional details on the Buriticá project and the rest of Continental's suite of gold exploration properties is available at www.ContinentalGold.com. Forward-Looking Statements This press release contains or refers to forward-looking information under Canadian securities legislation, including statements regarding the estimation of mineral resources, exploration results, potential mineralization, exploration and mine development plans, timing of the commencement of operations and estimates of market conditions, and is based on current expectations that involve a number of business risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements are subject to significant risks and uncertainties, and other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from expected results. Readers should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from any forward-looking statement include, but are not limited to, failure to convert estimated mineral resources to reserves, capital and operating costs varying significantly from estimates, the preliminary nature of metallurgical test results, delays in obtaining or failures to obtain required governmental, environmental or other project approvals, political risks, uncertainties relating to the availability and costs of financing needed in the future, changes in equity markets, inflation, changes in exchange rates, fluctuations in commodity prices, delays in the development of projects and the other risks involved in the mineral exploration and development industry, as well as those factors discussed in the section entitled "Risks of the Business" in the Company's most recent Annual Information Form and other regulatory filings which are posted on SEDAR at www.sedar.com. These forward-looking statements are made as of the date hereof and the Company assumes no responsibility to update them or revise them to reflect new events or circumstances other than as required by applicable securities law.FOR FURTHER INFORMATION PLEASE CONTACT: Elina ChowContinental Gold LimitedDirector, Investor email@example.com


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Back-To-School 2014-15
Registration | Immunizations | Afterschool Programs | School Supply List | Uniforms | Meals |School Contact Information | Bell Schedule
The 2014-15 school year is just around the corner, with Aug. 25 being the first day of school. Below, we've put togther a list of information we hope will make for a smooth transition to the new school year.
Formal registration for the 2014-15 year took place in late July and early August but is on-going at the school your child will attend. It is best to contact the campus to find out if there are specific times to register.
Check out our registration page to find times, required documentation and other helpful information.
Students are required by law to have immunizations, and those who have not received the necessary immunizations will not be allowed to register.
View a list of required immunizations. For more information about immunizations, contact San Antonio Metropolitan Health District at (210) 207-8750.
Afterschool programs offer a mix of academic and physical activities for students on campus after the regular school day, up until 6:15 p.m. All of the District's elementary schools, and most middle schools, offer an afterschool program in partnership with a number of community organizations. View a list of the organizations, their contact number and the schools where they operate programs.
School Supply List
View the 2014-15 school supply list. This is a general list; campuses may require additional items.
All SAISD students must be attired in a uniform of khaki pants, shorts, skorts or skirt, and a white top or alternate school-approved colored shirt. Click to view the 2014-15 guidelines. Complete details will be included in the Parent-Student Handbook that is available upon request or online. If you need assistance purchasing your child's uniforms, please contact (210) 554-2600.
Starting with the 2014-15 school year, SAISD will provide free meals to all students through a provision of the National School Lunch Program called Community Eligibility and a small contribution of local funds. Families at only a few campuses will be required to complete meal applications, and those families will be provided the application during registration. Check out the SAISD Food and Child Nutrition Services website to view menus and learn more about the program.
School Contact Information
Click here for a printable list of all District campuses, with their telephone numbers and addresses.
Bell Schedule
The bell schedule for the year, with exceptions noted below, will be as follows:
● Early Childhood Education Center campuses (Carroll, Carvajal, Knox, Tynan) – 7:30 a.m. to 2:30 p.m.
● Elementary & Pre-K/K-8 campuses – 8:05 a.m. to 3:20 p.m.*
● Middle school campuses – 8:45 a.m. to 4:00 p.m.
● High school campuses – 8:50 a.m. to 4:15 p.m.**
* Elementary exceptions: Hours for Cameron, Crockett and Neal elementaries will be 7:25 a.m. to 2:40 p.m.
** High school exceptions: Hours for Jefferson will be 8:45 a.m. to 4:15 p.m. and YWLA will be 8:30 a.m. to 3:45 p.m.

subset: commoncrawl


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COLUMBIA CITY – Whitley County Concerned Citizens will host a fund raiser Saturday, Feb. 18, 7 p.m. at The Eagles, 306 W. Van Buren St., Columbia City.
Local country/bluegrass band Huckleberry Blue will entertain.
There will be a $5 cover charge to benefit the fight against wind farms in Whitley County, according to organizers. There will be a silent auction of items donated by local businesses.
Dinner is available at The Eagles, as well as drinks and socialization. Silent auction items start at 8 p.m., band starts at 9:30. Silent auction ends at 11 p.m.
Attendees will gain information about proposed wind farms in Whitley County.
COLUMBIA CITY – On Saturday, February 18th the Columbia City Key Club is sponsoring its 2nd annual Zumba-thon to raise money for their Relay for Life team. The event will be held from 12-2pm at The Center in Columbia City. There will be door prizes available to those who participate in the dance-a-thon. The Key Club will have a free will donation to all those who want to take part. Relay for Life is a campaign sponsored by The American Cancer Society. In Whitley County each year in June, teams walk 24-hours at Indian Springs Middle School to raise money to provide help and support to individuals and their loved ones who are suffering from cancer.
Grace Lutheran Church, located at 204 N. Main St. in Columbia City, is holding it's Annual "Fat Tuesday Tenderloid Fry" on Feb. 21 from 4 to 7 p.m.
"Fat Tuesday" is the last festive day before Ash Wednesday and the beginning of the Lenten season.
Prices will be $8.50 for adults, $4 for children ages 6 to 12, and children five and under eat free.
This prices includes an all-you-can-eat tenderloin dinner, beverage and dessert. This is a cholesterol-free cooked meal. Carry-out dinners are also available.
The supper will be held in the Parish Church Hall at Grace Lutheran.
Proceeds generated from this fund-raising project will be given as financial support for church activities and outreach.
Gaerte's Frying Service is doing the cooking this year.
COLUMBIA CITY – Indiana Congressman Mike Pence, a Republican candidate for governor and a national political figure, has been secured as the keynote speaker for the Whitley County Republicans' Lincoln Day Dinner, 6:30 p.m., Thursday, Feb. 23, at the Eagle's Nest Event Center, 125 S. Eagle Glen Trail, according to Matt Boyd, Whitley County GOP chairman.
Doors will open at 6 p.m., Pledge of Allegiance and invocation 6:20 p.m. and dinner will be at 6:30 p.m.
Congressman Pence is scheduled to speak at 7 p.m. Cost: $40/person $320/table of eight. RSVP by Thursday, Feb. 16 to Laurell Hodges (260) 723-4495 or email: email@example.com Make checks payable to: Whitley County Republican Party.
NORTH MANCHESTER – Landowner cost-sharing programs and their pollution-reduction results, pending dam removals and more grants are on the agenda of the 2012 annual meeting of the Middle Eel River Watershed Initiative.
The free, public meeting begins at 6 p.m. on Tuesday, Feb. 28, in Flory Auditorium on the second floor of the Science Center of Manchester College in North Manchester.
The Initiative is entering its fourth year of its mission of "protecting and enhancing the water resources of the Middle Eel River Watershed through education and implementation of soil and water conservation practices."
The annual meeting is of special interest to conservationists, farmers, landowners, birders, anglers and others who use the 30-mile stretch of the Eel River between North Manchester and Mexico, Ind., or care about its water quality.
Success in obtaining grants totaling more than $212,000 from federal and state agencies has resulted in completion of 10 soil and water conversation projects with five more pending.
The projects range from cover crops to fencing livestock from streams to no-till modifications, nutrient management and grassed waterways – impacting more than 2,350 acres.
Fort wayne's Home/Garden Show
is coming March 1-4
FORT WAYNE – The 39th annual Fort Wayne Home and Garden Show, the largest consumer event in Indiana's Tri-State area, is the perfect place to find the latest home and garden ideas and products to make your home springtime ready.
This year's show takes place Thursday, March 1 through Sunday, March 4 at the Allen County Memorial Coliseum, 4000 Parnell Avenue. Show hours are 11 a.m. to 9 p.m. Thursday and Friday, 10 a.m. to 9 p.m. on Saturday, and 11 a.m. to 5 p.m. on Sunday.
For nearly 40 years, over 41,000 visitors – including gardeners, decorators and do-it- yourselfers – have discovered unique ways to reinvent their humble abode through hundreds of experts all under one roof.
Whitley snowbirds
will roost awhile
in Sebring March 6
SEBRING, Fla. – The Columbia City High School Alumni Association will host its annual Snowbird Luncheon for all citizens of Whitley County on Tuesday, March 6.
The Florida luncheon and get-together will start at 11:30 a.m. at Homer's Original Smorgasbord, 1000 Sebring Square, located on the southeast corner of U.S. 27 and Sebring Parkway.
This is billed as "a casual get-together for you to enjoy with family, friends, classmates and alumni of Whitley County, Indiana."
There is no reservation required for this event. Luncheon amount is $10.97 per person, plus tax, at the door.
Life Line Screening
available March 8
COLUMBIA CITY – Whit-ley County area residents can be screened to reduce their risk of having a stroke or bone fracture.
Columbia City Church of the Nazarene, 506 N. Main St., will host Life Line Screening on March 8.
Four key points every person needs to know:
•Stroke is the third leading cause of death and a leading cause of permanent disability.
•80 percent of stroke victims had no apparent warning signs prior to their stroke.
•Preventive ultrasound screenings can help persons avoid a stroke.
•Screenings are fast, non-invasive, painless, affordable and convenient.
Screenings identify potential cardiovascular conditions such as blocked arteries and irregular heart rhythm, abdominal aortic aneurysms and hardening of the arteries in legs, which is a strong predictor of heart disease. A bone density screening to assess osteoporosis risk is also offered and is appropriate for both men and women.
Packages start at $149. All five screenings take 60-90 minutes to complete. For more information or to schedule an appointment, call 1-877-237-1287 or visit www.lifelinescreening.com. Pre-registration is re-quired.
Whitley County Consolidated Schools
establish kindergarten roundup dates
COLUMBIA CITY – Kindergarten Round-up dates have been established in March for Whitley County Consolidated Schools..
Parents are instructed by school officials to call each elementary school office to set up an appointment time for the appropriate date.
School, roundup dates and office phone numbers are:
•Coesse Elementary, Thursday, March 15. Call for an appointment 244-3351.
•Northern Heights Elementary, Tuesday, March 20 and Wednesday, March 21. Call for an appointment 691-2371.
•Mary Raber Elementary, Thursday, March 22. Call for an appointment 244-5857.
•Little Turtle Elementary, Tuesday, March 27 and Wednesday, March 28. Call for an appointment 244-3343.


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ODU Field Hockey Adds Three Newcomers to 2015 Roster
Tim Lavigne Named Norfolk Academy Head Baseball Coach
Steve Martin Announces ODU Wrestling Will Release T.C. Warner
Lopez Villa, Moundir and Weindl Garner VaSID All-State Recognition
Four Monarchs Earn Scholar All-America Honors
Women's Swimming and Diving Earn CSCAA Scholar All-America Team Honor
Join the Fun at the Annual ODU Men's Basketball Golf Tournament
Sonny Allen To Be Inducted Into The Hampton Roads Sports Hall Of Fame
© 2015, Old Dominion University Athletics. All rights reserved.


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CEDAR RAPIDS, Iowa - Former University of Iowa wrestler Mark Ironside joins the cast of "On Iowa Live" Monday night at 6:30 p.m. on KCRG 9.2 and live online at KCRG.com for some Iowa wrestling talk.
TV9's Scott Saville hosts the show, which is live at The Fieldhouse on Blairs Ferry Road in Cedar Rapids, and he'll also welcome Alburnett head wrestling coach Kane Thompson to the program.
Show up to The Fieldhouse to have a chance to win prizes from the Nook An' Cranny in Cedar Rapids and more.
Cedar Rapids, Iowa News, Sports, and Weather
Former Hawkeye Mark Ironside Joins 'On Iowa Live' Monday Night
By KCRG Sports
Most Popular


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Cyber Monday 20% Store Wide Discount Announced by Pajamas Store, SleepyHeads.com
A Cyber Monday special discount of 20% on the entire online store has been announced by SleepyHeads.com (http://www.sleepyheads.com/). The deal will only be running on November 30, 2009. To avail the 20% off on Cyber Monday, use the promo code, 'BLACKMONDAY' at the checkout. The Cyber Monday sales following the Black Friday discounts also include… Read More »


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FreeGamia Block Temple 1.0
Ancient evil seems to be awaken. It is imprisoned, but soon it will become powerfull enough to break out. Prison keeper, an ancient spirit who has some control over prison dungeon floors, involves some person to defeat evil being. Player plays as prison keeper. At the moment of game start, hero is on first floor of dungeon. Hero has its own will, and moves independently of player. He will move straight to enemy, treasure, or any another point of
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FreeGamia Dead Fight 1.0
The Middle Ages. Before the dawn of firearms, they just had good old swords, axes and daggers. This game will plunge into the world of the Middle Ages! You play as a team of three characters, and your task is to kill soldiers that come at you. The first character is very strong, and can cut an enemy with one swing! The second character is like walking armor, and his armor is almost impossible to break. The third character is a girl, and she is ve
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FreeGamia Gravity Box 1.0
Exciting arcade game with puzzle elements where you have to control dice falling across platforms. In the beginning, everything seems easy, but with every second the velocity increases and becomes more difficult to control! Collect points and fight for the first place in the online high score table. Good luck!
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FreeGamia Park Racer 1.0
3D Formula 1 style racing. Face rivals on different racing circuits. Do have the skills to be first to the Finish? It's all in your hands!
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FreeGamia Drunk Skeleton 1.0
In this game you have to lug home a drunken skeleton from the cemetery. Use logic and quick reflexes to avoid being struck by any other creature! Also, do not forget to collect the crystals to rack up points. Wrestle for first place in the rankings!
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FreeGamia Seagulf 1.0
The date is May 11, 1939. The battles of Khalkhin Gol are breaking out violently. This was the first massive clash of tanks and aircrafts in history. 515 Soviet and 700 Japanese planes met high above the scorching desert. The Japanese Ki-27 fighter, the predecessor of the infamous Zero, proved an unpleasant surprise for the Soviets. But Stalin's FreeGamians had a worthy plane to fight back, the I-153 Chaika!!!
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FreeGamia Dream Dream Team 1.0
Two brothers made their first game and it turned out to be quite interesting. Like all creative folks, they couldn't just stop there. They thought and decided that their true calling was Victory in Gamiron. The girl still will join them as the composer. Besides the main game there are also Easter eggs. Play on a synthesizer, get in tune with the programmers who created two great games with many more to come.
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FreeGamia See The Dawn 1.0
Description: Woods, abandoned villages, a scary cave. This is a place where fate will test you. Nothing indicated trouble on the horizon, you thought it would be just another exciting trip to a new place for you - the Chernobyl zone. But things did not go so smoothly. First of all, your friend vanishes into the forest, and the guy you sent to look for him has not returned either. You soon realize you will have to take up arms, to save others and
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FreeGamia Fill Up 1.0
Fill Up! What a suprise! You have inherited a gas station, but you have to prove your worthiness first by demonstrating your level of skill and mastery, in order to become a rightful owner. Build, demolish, upgrade, accomplish different tasks and you will achieve the goal. Fill Up! is about constructing and developing a petrol/gas station and completing 48 fascinating tasks related to car servicing. There are two playing modes: making a career a
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FreeGamia Mini Golf 1.0
Mini Golf Championship is a real 3D simulator of the same game. We tried to make game interesting and fascinating. In the game rules of true mini golf are realized. In the game there are 72 kinds of different tracks. They are banked in 4 levels, by 18 tracks at each level. At the first level there are the most simple tracks, on the second and the third - is more complex. At the fourth level the most composite tracks are located. Each new game
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FreeGamia Slender Dark Forest 1.0
Walk through a dark forest where people often disappear, while trying to meet up with Slender. The forest is randomly generated and always looks completely different with each new game. For the first time in this type of game you will be able to find a weapon and use it in the fight with his tormenters. Find a way to overcome Slender, and find a way out of this nightmare!
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FreeGamia A Dream 1.0
A Dream is dramatical first person shooter with beautiful graphics. The game has very interesting and unusual gameplay and also very interesting story. You are the lead character of a Dream. Help him survive!
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FreeGamia ONE DAY 1.0
ONE DAY - very mystical, beautiful and dramatic first-person shooter. The game is very fascinating and mysterious. It has excellent graphics in black and white style and author's paintings. Also, it is a very interesting story and gameplay.
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FreeGamia Micro Balance 1.0
Description: Scientists have invented a nanobot that at the micro level is able to fight off viruses. The action takes place in the human body. You control the actions of nanorobot which can produce four types of effects at the micro level. Your goal - to help the body produce antibodies and destroy viruses. You have to fight with 5 types of viruses. The first 9 levels of training, and then everything depends on you.
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FreeGamia One In The Field 1.0
One In The Field is a very interesting puzzle game. At first glance it seems unsophisticated, but winning is not as easy as it looks. The goal is to leave one chip remaining in the pitch. You can only go through the chip (in a straight line) to an empty space. Attempt the impossible...
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flora3d 2015.06.24
This program is utility for artists, game designers and 3D-modellers.The main function of the program is generation of 3d-models of plants. Models can be saved in standard formats (*.3ds; *.x) or as a Delphi module (*.pas). First of all tree mesh is specially optimized for game scenes and for real time rendering. You can adjust the geometry and the number of polygons, and save it as different LOD.
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FreeGamia Za Rulem 1.0
Soviet desktop computer simulator racing game "at the wheel." This game is very close to the original, with precisely replicated game mechanics and sound design. As a new player you get a taste of the era of the first machine. The game has been played by generations. Now you can experience this landmark game "at the wheel."
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Xerox Drivers Update Utility 7.3
Xerox Drivers Update Utility updates your system drivers for Xerox devices automatically with just several clicks. It will scan your system first then download and install Xerox official drivers to let your Xerox device work properly. The Xerox Driver Update Utility keeps your system up-to-date. It detects which driver updates are relevant to your computer, and then helps you install them quickly and easily.
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FreeGamia Corom 1.0
Two-player game in which you have to fight for the expensive resource known as Corom. With it, virtually anything can be created, such as buildings, weapons and soldiers. To win, be the first to destroy the main enemy's Corom flower. Features: - Build the city, carrying the main Corom flower. - Corom can be four types: red, green, blue and yellow, with red being the rarest. - The less Corom mapped, the more difficult the game!
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FreeGamia Final Shootout 1.0
The final shootout, a unique game with the combined genres of TD (Tower Defense) and FPS (First Person Shooter.) You control a squad of soldiers that help in the evacuation during the zombie apocalypse. Choose from a wide arsenal of defensive turrets, fortifications, and you can always switch to the direct control of any soldier for first person shooting action!
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FreeGamia Lost Place 1.0
Lost Place is a great first person shooter. Wander through an abandoned building, wade through the scary undead who only want to tear you apart. The main goal is to find a laboratory from which a virus was released some time ago. Is there a link between this abandoned building and an advanced laboratory? It turns out the house is just an inconspicuous cover for a lab where weapons of mass destruction are created.
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FreeGamia Escape 2 The New Order 1.0
Escape2: The New Order, is an extension of the famous first-person shooter. The second part tells the story of CIA agent named Nick Lobottom, in the year 1970. The main character is sent to a secret hideout, run by Nazis, who continue to run their experiments. You go through 5 chilling levels to fight the final boss. Be sure it will not be easy.
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FreeGamia Escape 1.0
Escape - first-class first-person shooter in which you have to look at the world from another angle. You will not fight on the surface. You must destroy all nazi experiments on the creation of super soldiers. You have to visit the Nazi barracks and flooded laborotories. Good Luck. Be sure, you will find it useful!
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WinBook Drivers Update Utility 7.3
WinBook Drivers Update Utility updates your system drivers for WinBook Laptops automatically with just several clicks. It will scan your system first then download and install WinBook official drivers to let your WinBook Laptop work properly. The WinBook Driver Update Utility keeps your WinBook laptop Windows system up-to-date. It detects which driver updates are relevant to your computer, and then helps you install them quickly and easily.
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ThinkPad Drivers Update Utility 7.3
ThinkPad Drivers Update Utility updates your system drivers for ThinkPad Laptops automatically. It will scan your system first then download and install ThinkPad official drivers to let your ThinkPad Laptop work properly. The ThinkPad Driver Update Utility keeps your ThinkPad laptop Windows system up-to-date. It detects which driver updates are relevant to your computer, and then helps you install them quickly and easily.
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This quick and easy version of Mary's heirloom recipe is ready in under an hour.
YIELD: Makes about 5 cups
Heat oil in heavy large pot over medium-high heat. Add sausages, onion, and garlic. Sauté until onion begins to color, about 10 minutes. Add crushed tomatoes and herbs and bring sauce to boil. Reduce heat to medium-low, cover, and simmer until flavors blend and sausages are cooked through, stirring often, about 30 minutes. Season with salt and pepper. Slice sausages thinly, if desired.


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For almost 20 years I have been making cakes for all of your special occasions and needs. This has been my life, my soul, my passion. And it has also been an extreme privilege and honor, to help you celebrate those special events in your lives.
So what I'm about to say is VERY difficult.
Effiective imediately, Cakes By Heather will be closing it's doors, and no longer be able to provide you with that centerpiece for your celebrations.
Anyone with an outstanding cake order, and is already paid for, will be honored. I will not however, be accepting any new orders.
THANK YOU all so very much for your support over the years. It's been a blast!
Website designed and powered by Fuel The Web. Visit them online at www.fueltheweb.net


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We're looking into migrating to TFS 2010 in the next few weeks. However, we're unclear on what kind of tools are required for the team. We know developers need Visual Studio but what tooling is required for Project Managers and Testers that will ONLY need to manage work items? Do they also need Visual Studio to just view and edit work items?
Project Managers and Testers can use the following methods to access TFS 2010
Web access provides a good complete set of functionality, but having VS/Team Explorer will provide a rich client experience (read: faster, more responsive).
Additionally, in order to get the Excel/Project integration, you'll need at least the VS/Team Explorer installed on the client box, even if they never use VS. And you need a CAL (Client Access License) to use the web access portal.
So to summarize, TFS provides a lot of ways for the non-developer to interact with the system, but all of them require a CAL, and most of them require installing VS/Team Explorer on the client machine.
In short, they don't need Visual Studio. They can use Team System Web Access (formerly known as TFS Web Access) to do pretty much everything a developer can do, except associate a check-in with a work item. After you install TFS 2010, you simply browse to
Project Managers (and all other team members) can also work with work items from Outlook using 3rd party TFS client embedded in Outlook: TeamCompanion www.teamcompanion.com. This way, assuming they otherwise use Outlook, they wouldn't need to change tools or use any additional tools at all. As is the case with Excel or Project integration they would still need a TFS CAL and additionally a TeamCompanion license. TeamCompanion supports much more than just work item management: Email/TFS integration, SQL Server Reports, SharePoint document integration and much more...
Full Disclosure: I am the Product Owner of TeamCompanon, so I may be biased :-).
There is a web front end which you can use to manage the work items. There is also integration to Excel and MS Project.
See http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms181304.aspx for more information on Team Foundation Clients


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Original recipe yields 6 servings
Amount per serving ({{servings}} total)
Based on a 2,000 calorie diet
Ready In
Wonderful broccoli salad!! Since my sister is a diabetic, I omitted the raisins and mixed the salad dressing with 1 Tbsp.of cider vinegar (didn't have tarragon) and then added 1/3 cup Splenda, ...
I made this salad for company along with a lovely chicken dish, it was really a hit, everyone loved it
Great! I did not have the vinegar the recipe called for, so I used balsamic vinegar instead - I mixed it with regular ol' Ranch Dressing - I used a little less dressing that the recipe called ...


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A fluid flow energy capture device for power generation has a rotor with a substantially vertical axis and a plurality of vanes. A mount for the rotor allows the rotor to rotate in response to fluid flow such as wind contacting the plurality of vanes, and the mount puts the rotor in rotationally driving communication with a generator. The rotor has an open center which allows fluid communication from spaces between the vanes to above the rotor. A plurality of guide surfaces define channels that bias fluid flow to be tangential to the rotor.
1. A fluid flow energy capture device for power generation comprising:
a rotor, said rotor being mounted to rotate around a longitudinal axis and said rotor having a plurality of rotor vanes, said rotor vanes having an inner aspect and said rotor vanes defining a rotor space between said inner aspects of said rotor vanes;
said rotor being disposed to be in driving communication with an electrical generator;
a top element, said top being at least partially above said rotor vanes:
said top having an exit opening over said rotor, said exit opening being in fluid communication with said rotor space to allow an exit of fluid flow from said rotor space; and
at least one horizontal vane, said horizontal vane being disposed in said exit opening and in said exit fluid flow.
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19. A fluid flow energy capture device for power generation comprising:
a rotor, said rotor being mounted to rotate around a longitudinal axis and
said rotor having a plurality of rotor vanes;
said rotor being disposed to be in driving communication with an electrical generator;
a plurality of guide surfaces disposed radially outside of said rotor
a roof, said roof being at least partially above said guide surfaces:
said roof having pressure relief openings disposed between said guide surfaces.
said pressure release openings each having a lid, said lids being adjustably mounted to selectively vary a size of said pressure release opening.
20. The device of
This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/747,531, filed May 11, 2007, which is a continuation in part of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/105,945 filed Apr. 14, 2005.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention is in the field of wind driven electricity generation.
2. Related Art
Wind as an alternate motive force for generating electricity has long provided an attractive alternative to conventional power generation techniques. The art has been limited by at least two technical difficulties. One is the inconsistency of the wind. Stated alternatively, there is a need in the art for extending the ability of wind driven electricity generation equipment to generate electricity beyond the time when the wind has dropped below velocities sufficient to turn generators. A corollary to this problem is overcoming the frictional resistance to supporting equipment that is large and massive enough to drive larger generating turbines.
Both of the long standing needs have a common denominator; that is the increased friction resistance inherent in using larger equipment capable of driving larger generators and also inherent with incorporating fly wheels for extended generation times. There is a need in the art for a wind driven electricity generating turbine having reduced friction support for its moving parts.
Separately, there is a need for a wind driven electricity generator that is not so structurally high, obtrusive and having such long blades that it interferes with bird life. Present windmills have long arms stationed atop towers that are tall enough to encroach upon the flight paths of birds and consequentially kill a number of them.
Vertical axle wind power generators have always been limited in their size (diameter) due to the forces of gravity.
Vertical axle generators are typically mounted on bearings which are required to bear the total weight of the device. The larger the device, the greater its weight and thus, the greater the bearing load.
Gravity also causes structural sag away from the axle. Therefore, heavier construction methods are required to maintain rigidity as diameters increase, thereby increasing weight loads on the bearing. These factors have limited the size (diameter) of vertical axle wind power generators and have therefore, limited the potential power output of these devices.
Performance is also affected by how a fluid medium such as air is vented, exhausted or outlet from a machine designed to extract energy from the flow of the fluid (wind). Qualitatively stated, the process of extracting energy from an input fluid velocity reduces that velocity. The presence of slow or still fluid at the outlet of the machine impedes the intake of further fluid by the machine, having a braking effect that decreases performance. For some configurations such as turbines, this effect is quantitatively understood as Betz's law. Some prior art devices have used scoops or funnels to advantageously direct fluid intake towards a rotor or other moving apparatus to extract energy from the fluid flow, see for example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,465,899 to Roberts, or U.S. Pat. No. 4,350,900 to Baughman, or U.S. Pat. No. 5,852,331 to Giorgini. Each of these devices suffers from a restricted and inadequate provision for the outlet or venting of the fluid medium (air) away from the energy extraction component (a rotor). There is a need in the art for a device for extracting energy from a fluid flow having intake guide surfaces that also has improved provisions for fluid outlet.
There is a continuing need in the electricity generating art for increasing efficiency, durability, increasing the amount of power generated from a given wind velocity and increasing economy such that electricity may be generated at a reduced cost.
The present invention is a wind driven apparatus engaging one or more electrical generators for generating electricity. The wind driven component is maintained in frictionless suspension by floating it on a pool of water. The invention may further comprise a flywheel in order to continue mechanical turning of generators after wind speed sufficient to turn the fan is no longer available.
The invention may further comprise a cowling for cutting wind resistance on a drag side of a fan. The cowling may further incorporate a wind vane and a rotational mounting so that the cowling always presents an open face of a fan to the windward direction and also continually shields the drag face of the fan from the wind to reduce drag.
Rigid Floating Hull
In another embodiment, a rotating, round, rigid hull supports the vane assembly. A center axle through the hull maintains the position of the hull. The hull is situated in a pool of fluid (water). Air may be pumped into an air-tight compartment under the hull. Air pressure supports the hull above the fluid, keeping the bottom of the hull out of contact with the fluid. The only part of the hull in contact with the fluid are a series of rings that are fixed to the underside and to the outside edge of the hull. These rings extend into the fluid creating pressurized air-tight compartments.
This configuration reduces downward forces on the axle bearings. It reduces structural sagging away from the axle and provides a rigid superstructure to carry the vane assembly. It reduces potential drag forces between the rotating hull and the pool of fluid beneath it. The weight of the rotating hull gives the device kinetic energy and rotational stability.
The Fixed Center Axle
A fixed center axle extends from a point above the height of the vane assembly, through the hull, through the fluid pool, through the power house located under the fluid pool and into the ground. Anchored in the ground below the power house and braced by cables at its upper end, this fixed center axle serves as the structural member which the hull and its vane assembly rotate around.
Outer Sleeve, Spokes, Shutter Ring and Vane Assembly
An outer sleeve fits over the fixed center axle. This outer sleeve rotates around the fixed center axle. Spokes attached to the outer sleeve are attached to a series of supports (upper, lower and middle) that support the ring of vanes which are situated on top of and at the outer edge of the hull. In the disclosed embodiment, the supports are toroids. The lower vane support is fixed to the upper surface of the hull. The hull, vanes and supports rotate in unison as a single device.
The angle of the vanes in relation to the fixed center axle can be adjusted by a circular shutter ring attached to each vane. Moving the shutter ring to clockwise or counterclockwise causes the vanes to open and close in unison. These vertical vanes rising parallel to the axle from the lower support to the upper support may be flat, curved, bi-facial, lenticular or an air foil.
In addition to the vertical vanes an array of horizontal vanes perpendicular to the axle is situated inside the diameter of the vertical vane ring. These horizontal vanes are angled in relation to the axle, as would be a fan or a propeller. A circular shutter ring attached to each vane would be used to simultaneously change the angle of these horizontal vanes in relation to the axle. These horizontal vanes may also be flat, curved, bi-facial, lenticular or an air foil. These horizontal vanes may or may not fully extend from the outer sleeve to the inside edge of the vertical vane array. In the depicted embodiments the horizontal vanes are near the top of the vertical vane assembly. Thus, wind drives the vertical vanes upon entering the device, and drives the device again upon exiting it through the horizontal vanes.
This configuration allows for the vertical and horizontal vane assemblies to be very strong and capable of withstanding very high wind load forces. It allows the device to capture energy as the wind passes over both the vertical vanes and then the horizontal vanes before exiting the device.
Ram Air Induction Shroud, Pressure Relief Doors, Inner Guide Walls and Movable Flaps
The depicted ram air induction shroud is a fixed circular roof structure that extends outward from the outer edge of the upper support. This fixed roof structure angles upward so that the outer edge of the roof is a higher elevation than where the roof meets the upper support. This causes the roof to compress a larger volume of air (wind) into the vane assemblies.
The pool of fluid that supports the hull may be situated on an elevated earthen mound. The earth slopes downward, away from the pool. This angle may be roughly the same angle as the roof rises away from the upper support ring of the rotor. If, for instance, the elevation rise in the roof and the fall of the downward slope away from the elevated pool are both equal to the vertical vane height, then the amount of air delivered into the vane assembly is increased by a factor of three.
Pressure relief doors may be situated on the roof. These doors allow high pressure wind loads that may damage the device to be vented out of the roof. These doors may be operated by a mechanical, electric or hydraulic means.
Fixed inner guide walls are situated between the roof and the ground. These equally spaced inner guide walls are angled relative to a radius of the center axle. These inner guide walls convert uniform wind loads into angular wind loads that are more tangential to the vane ring, and therefore more perpendicular to the surface of each vane, providing more force. These inner guide walls also shield the rotating device from drag forces on the non-driven side of the vane ring.
A movable flap extends from the inside edge of each inner guide wall towards the outer edge of the vertical vane assembly. The position of this movable flap can be controlled by mechanical, electric or hydraulic means.
Air Raceway
These movable flaps create an air raceway located adjacent to the outer edge of the vertical vane assembly.
As wind forces load into the ram air induction shroud, air pressure increases as wind moves inward from the outer edge of the shroud towards the vertical vane assembly. As pressurized wind loads increase, these movable flaps automatically open in sequence, thus creating an arced air raceway adjacent to the vertical vanes. This arced air raceway contains, directs and requires all the pressurized wind loaded by the ram air induction shroud to pass through the vertical vanes in order to exit the device.
The air raceway enables the vanes to accept wind loads at a constant, consistent and more perpendicular angle of attack. The air raceway allows the vanes to accept wind loads along a continuous arc of variable length that is determined by wind speeds loading into the ram air induction shroud.
At higher wind speeds, it will be possible to load more than 180 degrees of the circular vane assembly. Using the movable flaps to control the length and width of the raceway allows the operator to precisely control air flow rates across the vanes at every point around the circumference of the rotating assembly. This allows the operator to maximize wind energy recovery and to reduce drag forces.
Wind Deflection Towers
An array of movable wind deflection towers that may articulate in unison may be located outside the ram air induction shroud. These movable towers are designed to control air delivery into the ram air induction shroud. A set of towers extends in a line away from the shroud at outer edge of each inner guide wall.
These adjustable towers are used to load more wind into the shroud, to redirect wind movement before it reaches the inner guide wall and to reduce the drag forces that may be produced by wind moving past the entire device.
Water Injection System, Evaporation Pond and Updraft System
A water injection systems sprays water droplets into the space between the inner guide walls and into the air raceway. Wind movement in the raceway accelerates these water droplets that are then delivered into the vertical vanes. This tends to increase the mass carried by the wind into a moving liquid that is more efficient at transferring its power upon impact into a vane. This increase the overall efficiency of the entire device.
An evaporation pond surrounds the ram air induction shroud. The purpose is to humidify the air entering the ram air induction shroud, making it heavier and therefore more powerful.
The entire center of the device inside the ring of vertical vanes is painted black and is designed to accumulate heat from the sun, creating an updraft system. As the center of the device heats up it causes air above it to rise, allowing more air to pass through the vanes and exit more quickly out of the device.
Power House
The power house is situated under the fluid pool. The outer sleeve passes through the ceiling of the power house and continues into the floor where it is contained between the fixed axle on the inside and a floor race on the outside.
In one embodiment, a belt driven by the rotating outer sleeve powers a single or multiple electric generators. As wind speeds increase, more generator power may be applied to the rotor. This increasing draw of power by the generators may be used to selectively brake the rotational speed of the wind driven assembly as may be necessary.
This configuration allows the device to generate the maximum power achievable under any given wind speed. Placing the power house under the fluid pool eliminates surface structures that may interfere with wind flow into the shroud.
Further areas of applicability of the present invention will become apparent from the detailed description provided hereinafter. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the preferred embodiment of the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The present invention will become more fully understood from the detailed description and the accompanying drawings, wherein:
The following description of the preferred embodiment(s) is merely exemplary in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses.
As illustrated in the drawings where like numerals represent like elements,
Hull 1 has a positive displacement so that it floats on water. Hull 1 may be any size and weight, subject only to the limitation that it floats. Accordingly, hull 1 may be heavy and massive enough to serve as a flywheel. In the depicted embodiment, hull 1 is circular.
Hull 1 serves as a bottom mount for a plurality of vanes 3. The vanes are circularly arranged to form a fan. The type of fan 3 depicted is sometimes referred to in the art as "squirrel cage." The top of the vanes 3 are secured by an inner annular frame 2 and an outer annular frame 2 as is apparent on
The squirrel cage 3 and hull 1 are mounted on a frame 5. The frame 5 has descending substantially vertical lateral portions 5A for mounting in the ground or other fixed surface. From the cross member of frame 5 descends a substantially vertical axle 4. Axle 4 is secured to frame 5 by a bearing. Axle 4 is mounted in the ground having a mount that may also include a bearing.
Located on one side of the hull 1 is a support frame or rod 8. At the top of the support frame or rod is an electrical generator 6. The electrical generator 6 may have an axle extending therefrom on which is placed a frictional contact roller 7. The post 8, generator 6 and drive roller 7 are disposed such that the driver roller 7 may be in contact with the outer circular edge of hull 1. As seen in
In operation, wind contacts the plurality of vanes of 3 and drives the squirrel cage rotationally around vertical axle 4. The rotating squirrel cage turns the circular hull 1 and, through frictional engagement, turns the contacting drive wheels 7. The drive wheel 7 turn the armature of the generator 6, thereby generating electricity through known methods. Generated electricity may be conveyed away from the device via wires (not shown). Multiple generators may be driven.
In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, vertical axle 4 may be mounted on its top bearing and its bottom mount with some "play" therein. Such a mounting would allow absorption of gusts of wind without creating frictional drag on the rotation of the squirrel cage and hull. In order to do so the mounting and generator 6 on post 8 would have a flexing mechanism or spring in order to hold drive wheel 7 in contact with the outer circular edge of hull 1.
Wind vane 14 serves to properly and consistently orient the cowling towards the wind. As can be seen, the angular section of the squirrel cage having the maximum capacity to transfer driving wind to angular momentum is kept exposed to the wind through the opening in the cowling. Concomitantly, the opposing half of the squirrel cage, which would create a drag on the conversion of wind to angular momentum, is shielded to reduce drag on it. The cowling 13 is mounted on vertical axle 4 with another bearing at its top. The cowling 13 may also be provided with bottom rollers or other types of bearings and may alternatively engage a groove or other reduced friction surface on the top of hull 1 such that it may turn freely.
The rotor 100 is surrounded by a plurality of guide surfaces 110. In the depicted embodiment the guide surfaces are arranged annularly around the rotor and evenly spaced, thereby creating between them channels 108 for receiving fluid flow (wind) from any direction and channeling it to an advantageous rotational, cyclonic or venturi pathway along an air raceway 114. The guide surfaces will also support a top or roof of the apparatus,
In the depicted embodiment, each guide surface has an inner aspect 112 that may be angled differently than an outer aspect of the guide surface. The inner aspect 112 of the guide surface may be fixed, or may be mounted in such a way, as for example by a pivot, so that its angle relative to the outer aspect of the guide surface and to the rotor may be moved selectively. For such movement an actuator 118 may be mounted with the inner aspect of the guide surface to effect movement by any means, as for example hydraulic, electric or mechanical. In the depicted embodiment, the inner aspect 112 may advantageously be moved between angles that are more or less tangential to the circular outer extent of the rotor 100. This angle increases the change in direction of incoming fluid flow towards a more advantageous cyclonic, circular or rotational pathway. Raceway 114 may also be varied in width to promote an optimal fluid cooperation between the innermost extent of the inner aspect 112 of the guide surfaces and the vanes 116 of the rotor 100, in order to maximize wind speed at the rotor and power extraction from the fluid flow by the vanes 116. In those embodiments where the inner aspect is movable, individual guide surfaces may be moved in unison or each may be moved a different amount. Hence, the outer aspects of the guide surfaces receive fluid flow (wind) from any direction, and in combination with the inner aspect urge the air towards the advantageous rotational air raceway. Additionally, those guide surfaces on the drag side of the rotor decrease drag and improve efficiency by shielding vanes that would impede the turning of the rotor if they were exposed to the wind.
Similarly, a top is provided for the channels 108 in the form of a roof or other air ram guiding surface 124. As depicted in
As is evident from top views in
As seen in
As depicted in the first alternate embodiment in
In operation, wind enters the ram air induction shroud. The roof of the ram air induction shroud angles upwards to contain and compress the wind. The fixed inner guide walls 110 under the roof direct this compressed air flow into the air raceway 114 that surrounds the rotating, vertical axle wind generator. The movable flaps 112 shape the width and the operational length of the air raceway. The compressed wind energy passes from the air raceway 114 across the vanes 116 to drive the rotating, vertical axle wind generator. The top of the vertical axle wind generator assembly is open 140 to allow the air to exit the rotating assembly after it passes over the vanes. The fixed guide walls 110 direct the wind into the air raceway 114, causing the air to address the vanes 116 at a continuous and steeper angle than would otherwise be provided around the outer circumference of the rotating assembly.
The fixed guide walls 110 shield the rotating assembly from drag forces on the non-driven side of the axle and converts that would-be wind drag into wind load on the rotating assembly.
The moveable flaps 112 located at the inside edge of the fixed inner guide walls 110, open and close depending on the direction from which the wind is blowing. This forces all the wind delivered into the ram air induction shroud to pass from the air raceway 114 over the vanes 116.
Pressure relief doors 126 allow air pressure inside the Ram air induction shroud to be discharged under control.
An array of wind deflection towers 150 surrounds the ram air induction shroud. Depending on the direction the wind is blowing, these wind deflection towers 150 rotate to direct more air into the ram air induction shroud. These wind deflection towers 150 are also used to manage wind vortices and reduce drag around the entire assembly.
Wind humidified by the evaporation pond 160 enters the device. Water injection assembly 162, 172 adds water vapor or water droplets or oil to the wind moving inside the air raceway. The wind accelerates this evaporated oil injected water which delivers its energy into the vane, delivering more power to the rotating assembly.
The axle extends through the bottom of the pool that holds the rotating assembly of vanes 116 whose superstructure is floating in a pool of water. Below this pool of water that supports the rotating assembly is the power house. The axle 102 transfers its power into a line shaft 108. A number of electric generators 182 are driven by the line shaft. In the depicted embodiment, the axle 102 engages the line shaft 182 via a gear box 184. As wind power loads increase, more generators are brought on-line to pull power from the rotating assembly.
As various modifications could be made to the exemplary embodiments, as described above with reference to the corresponding illustrations, without departing from the scope of the invention, it is intended that all matter contained in the foregoing description and shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative rather than limiting. Thus, the breadth and scope of the present invention should not be limited by any of the above-described exemplary embodiments, but should be defined only in accordance with the following claims appended hereto and their equivalents.
Patent Citations
Referenced by
Original Image


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FLORIDA RANKS 2ND HIGHEST IN CARBON EMISSIONS By Roxanne Escobales
Floridaââ¬â¢s carbon dioxide emissions have increased by almost 350 percent in the past four decades. This fact was revealed today as part of a report by the statewide environmental and consumer advocacy group FPIRG, who held a pess conference on Clearwater Beach to discuss its findings on Floridaââ¬â¢s role in global warming. This comes the day before the US House of Representatives is expected to pass a bill that would allow drilling 100 miles off the Gulf Coast in an effort to satisfy Americans reliance on fossil fuels.
Most people visiting Clearwater beach would expect to hear the Gulf of Mexico gently lapping the shoreline.
Instead, they get this:
the skyline is dotted with cranes and the sound of seagulls is drowned out by the noise of construction.
More houses and condos mean more industry, more cars on the roads and more energy consumption. And that is precisely the reason that Florida ranks second in the US for total overall carbon dioxide emissions. That is part of the findings in a report titled The Carbon Boom released by the Florida Public Interest Group. FPIRG, as it is known, found that Floridaââ¬â¢s carbon dioxide emission increased by almost 350 percent over the past 40 years.
The car culture contributes a large portion to this increase. John Nohlgren is FPIRGââ¬â¢s outreach director.
Nohlgren also said that burning coal for electricity makes up 35 percent of Floridaââ¬â¢s threefold increase in carbon dioxide emissions. The demand for electricity, of course, has been spurred on by the development as seen with the condos being erected on Clearwater Beach.
Susan Glickman of the Natural Resources Defense Council said the results of global warming from high carbon dioxide emissions could have negative implications for Floridians.
ACT: hurricanes, public health, mosquito, sea level rise
Glickman said that there ââ¬Åwasnââ¬â¢t one single silver bullet answerââ¬? to what she called Americaââ¬â¢s energy crisis. But she did say that consumers, as voters, should take responsibility.
ACT: People in the communities need to demand from their lawmakers to step up to the plate.
The environmental advocates lauded California Representative Henry Waxman for introducing the Safe Climate Act today. The bill would set goals for the US to reduce its global warming pollution, while calling for improved energy efficiency and reliance on clean renewable energy sources.
This comes the day before the US House of Representatives is expected to vote on a bill that would allow oil and natural gas drilling up to 100 miles off the Gulf coast of Florida. The bill, which Florida legislators have been trying to fight, comes in response to rising gas prices, instability in the Middle East and what President Bush called Americaââ¬â¢s addiction to oil.
While most sunbathers and workers on the beach think drilling off the Gulf coast is a bad idea, others are oblivious to the situation.
VOX POPS Drilling for what?
Republicans are confident that the new version of the House drilling bill will be passed. Representative Waxmanââ¬â¢s Safe Climate Act if taken up would require an 80% reduction in pollution levels by 2050. In the meantime, it was a hot day on Clearwater Beach and itââ¬â¢s due to get even hotter.comments powered by Disqus


text:
Lesotho Plans to Issue Three- and Five-Year Treasury Bonds
Dec. 6 (Bloomberg) -- Lesotho's central bank will issue three- and five-year treasury bonds with coupon rates of 8.25 percent and 9 percent respectively, the central bank said in an e-mailed statement today.
The central bank in the capital, Maseru, will sell 25 million maloti ($3.6 million) of three-year bonds and 37 million maloti of five-year bonds on Dec. 8. It will accept minimum competitive bids of 100,000 maloti and non-competitive bids of 5,000 maloti.
To contact the reporter on this story: Brian Latham in Durban at firstname.lastname@example.com.
To contact the editor responsible for this story: Antony Sguazzin in Johannesburg at email@example.com.


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Latest Articles
Sergio Ramos has refused to discuss interest from Manchester United
Post comment
Real Madrid defender Sergio Ramos has raised further question marks over his future after a coy response concerning interest from Manchester United.
Millwall have signed defender Tony Craig on a two-year deal.
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Millwall have signed defender Tony Craig on a two-year deal.
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Neil Lennon has joked that he would welcome Snoop Dogg's investment in Celtic - if the hip hop star invited him to one of his parties.
The US rapper has expressed an interest in becoming a Celtic director after being struck by the passion of the supporters during their 2-1 Champions League win over Barcelona.
The singer stated he "wanted to bring a bit of Snoop" to Celtic and added: "The boxes at Celtic would never be the same once I have hosted a party there."
When questioned about the music star's interest ahead of his team's Champions League clash against Benfica in Lisbon, Lennon said: "It would be interesting if he did put money in. As long as I got invited to one of his parties, it would be okay."
Snoop Dogg, who has previously been photographed wearing a Celtic strip, said in the Sunday Mail: "I know Barcelona are a big deal, and it shows Celtic are a big deal as well.
"I see how passionate Celtic fans are about their team and I could see myself making an investment if any of the board wanted to sell.
"I don't need to run a soccer club but enough of a percentage to get me on the board so I can be heard."
Snoop Dogg was not the only international music star to be touched by Celtic's win over Barcelona. Hoops fan Rod Stewart was reduced to tears as he watched from the stand while Lennon revealed Sir Elton John phoned to congratulate him.


text:
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...Most of my 'old' friends are my ex-students. A couple of them have found a job, got married and live in Italy. I hope I was able to transmit to you my passion for my job, my love for my Country, my will of working with you in a very simple, funny and personalized way.
1 Subject: Italian
Bellevue, WA
...She eventually returned to Milano, where she earned a degree in Foreign Languages and Literature from the prestigious Universita' Cattolica del Sacro Cuore. Antonella has lived in the US for almost 15 years and speaks English fluently. She has worked as a teacher, interpreter and translator.
2 Subjects: including Italian, ESL/ESOL
Seattle, WA
I have several years of TESL teaching experience mostly in Italy. I completed my in school experience in a local public elementary school teaching to younger children that were primarily second generation immigrants. I have taught KET exam and Cambridge exam preparation courses to young learners ...
8 Subjects: including Italian, reading, English, writing
Seattle, WA
...I lived in Italy for six years and I loved everything about it.The people are very nice and friendly, the food and wine are excellent, but my favorite part was learning the language. I have a diploma from the University for Foreigners Perugia for Italian proficiency and it will be my pleasure to help you learn this wonderful language. Looking forward to hearing from you!
2 Subjects: including Italian, Romanian
Lynnwood, WA
...I am a native Spanish speaker who has taken advanced level courses in the language. I have also majored in Italian at the university level and I am at the fluent almost native level. I have done several home stays in Italy and have visited various times.
5 Subjects: including Italian, Spanish, French, Portuguese
Federal Way, WA


text: Study Search Results Your query returned 6 results. Results per page: 25 50 100 Sort by: Study Relevance Title A-Z Released/Updated Time Period Most Cited in ICPSR Bib. Variable Relevance (?) Study Title/Investigator 1. Community Health Center: Core Data Project, 2001-2002 (ICPSR 21520) Bradford, Judy 2. Retention Challenges for HIV-Infected Primary Care Patients 2001-2004 [United States] (ICPSR 22220) Bradford, Judith; Grasso, Chris; Coleman, Sharon 3. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), 2003 (ICPSR 34085) United States Department of Health and Human Services. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 4. Criminal Justice Drug Abuse Treatment Studies (CJ-DATS): The Criminal Justice Co-Occurring Disorder Screening Instrument (CJ-CODSI), 2002-2008 [United States] (ICPSR 27963) Sacks, Stanley; Melnick, Gerald 5. Criminal Justice Drug Abuse Treatment Studies (CJ-DATS): Step 'N Out, 2002-2006 [United States] (ICPSR 30221) Friedmann, Peter 6. Criminal Justice Drug Abuse Treatment Studies (CJ-DATS): Restructuring Risky Relationships-HIV (RRR-HIV), 2005-2008 [United States] (ICPSR 30842) Leukefeld, Carl [1]


text:
2015 World Rowing Championships
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The 2015 World Rowing Championships will be held at Lac d'Aiguebelette, Aiguebelette in France, from 30 August to September 6.[1]
The annual week-long rowing regatta is organized by FISA (the International Rowing Federation). In non-Olympic years the regatta is the highlight of the international rowing calendar, and in pre-Olympic year is the main qualification event for the following year's Olympics.
See also[edit]
- ^ "2011 FISA Congress". FISA. Retrieved 2011-09-05.


text:
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Letter: Businessman not an answer to our ills
Richard Wilkinson, Amory, Miss.
Mitt Romney's main selling points in his campaign are that (1) cutting taxes on businesses will jump-start the stalled economy, (2) an experienced businessman can turn around the nation's economy and (3) repealing Obamacare will make us all safer. The unofficial reasons are, of course, he's white and he's not named Obama, but let's stick to Romney's claims.
Businesses have had tax cuts ever since 2001, and the economy collapsed anyway. How will repeating what already failed make things better? Conservatives love to ask "Where are the jobs?" The answer is simple enough, "Overseas, where your corporate sponsors sent them over the last decade!" I am waiting for some Republican or Democrat, I don't care which, to explain how sending American jobs overseas to be done in the Third World for pennies an hour is supposed to help us here in America pay our bills or put food on our tables.
As for Romney's claim that an experienced businessman in the Oval Office can solve America's problems, we tried that with a fellow named Herbert Hoover.
Suppose Romney wins and abolishes Obamacare. What health care problems will that solve? Those who can't afford to pay won't stop getting sick. When they do give in and go to the hospital, you conservatives will have to foot their bills, in the form of ever-spiraling insurance premiums. Besides scoring political points which you can't use to buy anything, how does repeal help any of you save money down the road?
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text:
Preheat oven at 350 F.
Melt butter in a pan and roast beef.
Sprinkle some steak spice.
Put the fat side up.
Bake it for 60 minutes.
cover it with foil and let the roast sit for 15 minutes.
Add cold water to the pan with roast drippings.
Add gravy mix and stir.
Cook until the gravy is thick.
Slice the roast and serve with gravy.


text:
Geographic Range
Cacatua galerita is native to the Australian Region and occurs in large numbers in the north and east of Australia. It has been introduced to western Australia, New Zealand and New Guinea. ("Australian Museum", 2003; Berra, 1998)
- Biogeographic Regions
- australian
- oceanic islands
Sulphur-crested cockatoos dwell in a variety of timbered habitats such as tropical and subtropical rainforests. They are also found in the vast savannas of northern Australia. Sulphur-crested cockatoos also occur in suburban and urban areas, especially in parks and gardens. (Cody, 1993; Sibley and Monroe, 1990)
- Habitat Regions
- tropical
- terrestrial
- Terrestrial Biomes
- savanna or grassland
- forest
- Range elevation
- 0 to 1450 m
- 0.00 to 4757.22 ft
- Average elevation
- 300-600 m
- ft
Physical Description
Sulphur-crested cockatoos are large birds, measuring 45 to 50 centimeters in length. Their average weight is 800 grams. Sulphur-crested cockatoos are white with a distinctive sulphur-yellow crest which can be erected or held folded down on top of head. The underside of their wings and tail is pale yellow. Females and males are similar in appearance (monomorphic); however, females can be identified at close range by their red tinted brown eyes, whereas males have darker brown eyes. There are four subspecies of sulphur-crested cockatoos. Cacatua galerita fitzroyi differs from C. g. galerita in having a pale blue eye ring instead of white, the yellow feathers are slightly darker, and the crest feathers are longer. Cacatua galerita eleonora and C. g. triton both average smaller in overall size than C. g. galerita. ("Australian Museum", 2003; Bell, 1969; Dobbs and Highfill, 2003)
- Other Physical Features
- endothermic
- homoiothermic
- bilateral symmetry
- Sexual Dimorphism
- sexes colored or patterned differently
- Range mass
- 700 to 950 g
- 24.67 to 33.48 oz
- Average mass
- 800 g
- 28.19 oz
- Average length
- 50 cm
- 19.69 in
- Average wingspan
- 103 cm
- 40.55 in
- Average basal metabolic rate
- AnAge
Sulphur-crested cockatoos are monogamous birds. Signs of courtship include raising of the crest, bobbing of the head, and moving the head from side to side in a figure-of-eight pattern while uttering soft chattering notes. Before mating, the birds usually preen each other's plumage. (Forshaw, 2002)
- Mating System
- monogamous
In the northern parts of their range, sulphur-crested cockatoos breed from May to September, whereas birds in the southern parts of their range breed from August to January. They generally nest in a high tree hollow, usually near water. They breed once yearly, producing a clutch containing 2 to 3 white oval eggs. Eggs hatch after an incubation period of 27 to 30 days. Fledging generally occurs at approximately 70 days. Offspring will leave the nest after this 70 day period but will remain with the parents year round. Family units will remain together indefinitely. Both male and female Cacatua galerita reach reproductive maturity around the age of 3 to 4 years. ("", 1991; "", 1985; Forshaw, 2002)
- Key Reproductive Features
- iteroparous
- seasonal breeding
- gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate)
- sexual
- oviparous
- Breeding interval
- Sulphur crested cockatoos breed once yearly.
- Breeding season
- Sulphur-crested cockatoos breed between August and January in the southern parts of their range and between May and September in the northern parts of their range.
- Range eggs per season
- 2 to 3
- Average eggs per season
- 2
- AnAge
- Average time to hatching
- 27 days
- Average time to hatching
- 27 days
- AnAge
- Average fledging age
- 70 days
- Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female)
- 3 to 4 years
- Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male)
- 3 to 4 years
Both parents incubate their clutch. Once the eggs hatch, chicks are fed by both parents. (Dobbs and Highfill, 2003; Forshaw, 2002)
- Parental Investment
- altricial
- provisioning
- female
- female
- male
- female
- provisioning
- male
- female
- male
- female
- provisioning
- male
- female
- male
- female
- provisioning
- post-independence association with parents
Sulphur-crested cockatoos can live for decades in the wild. Average lifespan is about 40 years, but they can live up to 100 years. In captivity, sulphur-crested cockatoos that are well-cared for can live for 65 years on average and up to 120 years. (Bell, 1969; "", 1991)
- Range lifespan
Status: wild
- 57 (high) years
- Range lifespan
- Average lifespan
Status: wild
- 40 years
- Average lifespan
- Range lifespan
Status: captivity
- 120 (high) years
- Range lifespan
- Average lifespan
Status: captivity
- 65 years
- Average lifespan
- Average lifespan
Status: wild
- 40 years
- Average lifespan
- Average lifespan
Status: captivity
- 65 years
- Average lifespan
- Average lifespan
Status: captivity
- 57 years
- AnAge
- Average lifespan
Cacatua galerita is a gregarious species, often forming flocks of a dozen to several hundred birds. When foraging for food these large flocks will often split into small groups, coming together again at the evening roost site. Feeding is often done on the ground, and in such situations some of the flock will be sentry birds in trees, and alert the flock of approaching danger. Sulfur-crested cockatoos generally stay sheltered during the middle of the day, resuming feeding in late afternoon and evening before drinking and returning to roost. ("", 1985; Forshaw, 2002; Perrins, 1990)
The distinctive raucous call of C. galerita is very loud; it is meant to travel great distances through the forested environment. The cacophony created by a large flock of sulphur-crested cockatoos can be deafening. (Cody, 1993; Forshaw, 2002)
Home Range
Cacatua galerita often travel long distances in a day to forage, almost always returning to their original roost site. Sulphur-crested cockatoos remain in the same general area year round. The exact home range size of C. galerita is not well documented. (Berra, 1998; Dobbs and Highfill, 2003)
Communication and Perception
Sulphur-crested cockatoos are noisy birds. Their primary method of communication is their screeching voices. They also use their crest to communicate emotion. They will raise and spread their magnificent crests when excited, such as when danger is detected or during mating. (Forshaw, 2002; Perrins, 1990)
- Other Communication Modes
- mimicry
Food Habits
Sulphur-crested cockatoos are primarily granivores in the wild, feeding both on the ground and in trees. They feed mainly on seeds, nuts, fruits, blossoms, insects and insect larvae. They will also attack newly planted and ripening grain crops. (Berra, 1998; Dobbs and Highfill, 2003; Perrins, 1990)
In captivity, C. galerita are mainly fed a diet of fresh fruits, vegetables, seeds, nuts, pellets, legumes and grains. They have a high rate of obesity so high fat foods such as peanuts and seeds are fed sparingly. (Berra, 1998; Dobbs and Highfill, 2003; Perrins, 1990)
- Animal Foods
- insects
- Plant Foods
- seeds, grains, and nuts
- fruit
- flowers
Sulphur-crested cockatoos have one primary method of detecting and avoiding predators. When feeding, a few 'sentinel' birds will perch in a tree looking out for predators. They unleash their deafening warning call when a potential predator is sighted. Their large size also protects them from predation by all but the largest birds of prey. (Bell, 1969; Forshaw, 2002; Perrins, 1990)
During the incubation period and 6 to 10 weeks thereafter, both parent birds are intentionally very quiet in order not to attract predators to their nest. ("Australian Museum", 2003)
Sulphur-crested cockatoos are known to be preyed on by powerful owls (Ninox strenua). Goannas (Varanus) are also potential predators of birds on the ground, fledglings, and nestlings. Other potential predators include common avian nest predators such as pied currawongs (Strepera graculina), butcherbirds (Cracticus), and ravens. (Forshaw, 2002)
- Known Predators
- powerful owls (Ninox strenua)
Ecosystem Roles
The role of sulphur-crested cockatoos in the ecosystems they inhabit is not well documented. They feed on seeds and nuts and may play a role in seed dispersal. (Berra, 1998; Dobbs and Highfill, 2003; Perrins, 1990)
- Ecosystem Impact
- disperses seeds
Economic Importance for Humans: Positive
Sulphur-crested cockatoos are popular pets and companion birds. Their yellow feathers have been used in ceremonial headdresses. (Forshaw, 2002)
- Positive Impacts
- pet trade
- ecotourism
Economic Importance for Humans: Negative
Sulphur-crested cockatoos can be so numerous in crop growing areas that they are often shot or poisoned as pests. Government permit is required, though, as they are a protected species under the Australian Commonwealth Law. Aside from crops, they can also be harmful to wooden structures and ornamental trees as they chew and rip at timber on houses and tree limbs. (Bell, 1969; "", 1991)
- Negative Impacts
- crop pest
Conservation Status
Sulphur-crested cockatoos are generally common and abundant. Their population is approximated at more than 500,000 individuals. It is no longer legal to import these birds to the United States as a result of the Wild Bird Conservation Act. (Berra, 1998; Forshaw, 2002; Perrins, 1990)
- IUCN Red List
Least Concern
More information
- US Migratory Bird Act
- No special status
- US Federal List
- No special status
- Appendix II
- State of Michigan List
- No special status
Tanya Dewey (editor), Animal Diversity Web.
Kyle Thomas (author), Kalamazoo College, Ann Fraser (editor, instructor), Kalamazoo College.
- Australian
Living in Australia, New Zealand, Tasmania, New Guinea and associated islands.
- acoustic
uses sound to communicate
- altricial
young are born in a relatively underdeveloped state; they are unable to feed or care for themselves or locomote independently for a period of time after birth/hatching. In birds, naked and helpless after hatching.
- arboreal
Referring to an animal that lives in trees; tree-climbing.
- bilateral symmetry
having body symmetry such that the animal can be divided in one plane into two mirror-image halves. Animals with bilateral symmetry have dorsal and ventral sides, as well as anterior and posterior ends. Synapomorphy of the Bilateria.
- chemical
uses smells or other chemicals to communicate
- diurnal
- active during the day, 2. lasting for one day.
- ecotourism
humans benefit economically by promoting tourism that focuses on the appreciation of natural areas or animals. Ecotourism implies that there are existing programs that profit from the appreciation of natural areas or animals.
- endothermic
animals that use metabolically generated heat to regulate body temperature independently of ambient temperature. Endothermy is a synapomorphy of the Mammalia, although it may have arisen in a (now extinct) synapsid ancestor; the fossil record does not distinguish these possibilities. Convergent in birds.
- forest
forest biomes are dominated by trees, otherwise forest biomes can vary widely in amount of precipitation and seasonality.
- frugivore
an animal that mainly eats fruit
- granivore
an animal that mainly eats seeds
- herbivore
An animal that eats mainly plants or parts of plants.
- introduced
referring to animal species that have been transported to and established populations in regions outside of their natural range, usually through human action.
- iteroparous
offspring are produced in more than one group (litters, clutches, etc.) and across multiple seasons (or other periods hospitable to reproduction). Iteroparous animals must, by definition, survive over multiple seasons (or periodic condition changes).
- mimicry
imitates a communication signal or appearance of another kind of organism
- monogamous
Having one mate at a time.
- motile
having the capacity to move from one place to another.
- native range
the area in which the animal is naturally found, the region in which it is endemic.
- oceanic islands
islands that are not part of continental shelf areas, they are not, and have never been, connected to a continental land mass, most typically these are volcanic islands.
- oviparous
reproduction in which eggs are released by the female; development of offspring occurs outside the mother's body.
- pet trade
the business of buying and selling animals for people to keep in their homes as pets.
- seasonal breeding
breeding is confined to a particular season
- sedentary
remains in the same area
- sexual
reproduction that includes combining the genetic contribution of two individuals, a male and a female
- social
associates with others of its species; forms social groups.
- suburban
living in residential areas on the outskirts of large cities or towns.
- tactile
uses touch to communicate
- terrestrial
Living on the ground.
- tropical
the region of the earth that surrounds the equator, from 23.5 degrees north to 23.5 degrees south.
- tropical savanna and grassland
A terrestrial biome. Savannas are grasslands with scattered individual trees that do not form a closed canopy. Extensive savannas are found in parts of subtropical and tropical Africa and South America, and in Australia.
- savanna
A grassland with scattered trees or scattered clumps of trees, a type of community intermediate between grassland and forest. See also Tropical savanna and grassland biome.
- temperate grassland
A terrestrial biome found in temperate latitudes (>23.5° N or S latitude). Vegetation is made up mostly of grasses, the height and species diversity of which depend largely on the amount of moisture available. Fire and grazing are important in the long-term maintenance of grasslands.
- urban
living in cities and large towns, landscapes dominated by human structures and activity.
- visual
uses sight to communicate
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