text:
Calendar for April 22-29
University of Evansville Music Events: Jazz Ensembles, 4 p.m. today, Wheeler Concert Hall; Men's and Women's Choruses, 6 p.m. today, Neu Chapel; University Band, 7:30 p.m. Monday, Eykamp Hall; Gumberts Award Recital, 8 p.m. Tuesday, Wheeler Concert Hall, Visit music.evansville.edu.
Bluegrass Music by Sassafras: 2 p.m. at Central Library's Browning Events Room, 200 SE MLK Blvd. (free refreshments). Call 812-428-8246.
Concert: featuring singer Molly Felder, percussionist Mickey Grimm and Nashville singer/songwriter Leslie Riley, 2 p.m., New Harmony Coffee House, 500 Church St., New Harmony Ind. (free).
Old Dam Community Band Spring Concert: 7 p.m. at Central Library, 4111 Lakeshore Drive, Newburgh (free).
Arts Council's Brown Bag Performances: featuring Jamie Hettenbach, noon in the Arts Council's Bower-Suhrheinrich Foundation Gallery, 318 Main St., in Innovation Pointe (free). Visitors are invited to bring a lunch. Call 812-422-2111 or go to www.artswin.org.
Mount Carmel Promenaders Square Dance: 7 to 9 p.m. at the Owensville Community Center, Owensville, Ind.
Stringtown Catz Concert: 1 p.m. at Stringtown Branch Library, 2100 Stringtown Road. Call 812-428-8233.
Evansville Philharmonic Orchestra Classics Concert: "The Titan," featuring the Evansville Philharmonic Chorus, 7 p.m. at The Victory, Alfred Savia, conductor. Call 812-425-5050 or visit www.evansvillephilharmonic.org.
"Once in a Lifetime": University of Evansville Department of Theatre, 2 p.m. in Shanklin Theatre (adults, $12; seniors, students and UE faculty, $11). For tickets, call 812-488-2031.
"Red, White & Tuna": 3 p.m. at Old Town Players Theatre and Arts Center, 432 Broadway St., Vincennes, Ind. (adults, $10; seniors and students, $8). Tickets can be purchased at the door or by calling 812-882-1639 or visit www.oldtownplayers.org.
Red Green's "Wit & Wisdom" Tour: 7 p.m. at The Victory ($47.50, subject to fees). Tickets are available at The Centre, all Ticketmaster outlets, online at www.ticketmaster.com or by calling 800-745-3000.
"A Bulldog Reverie": 7 p.m. at the Bosse High School Auditorium, 1300 Washington Ave., also 7 p.m. Saturday ($5; children admitted free). Call 812-477-1661.
"Don Quixote": presented by Children's Center for Dance Education, 7 p.m. at Gibson Southern High School, Fort Branch, Ind., also 3 p.m. Saturday at Tecumseh Junior/Senior High School, Lynnville, Ind., and 3 p.m. May 12 at North High School, 15331 U.S. 41 North (adults, $10; ages 2-10, $8; children younger than age 2, free). For tickets, call 812-421-8066 or visit www.childdance.org.
Back Alley Musicals' "A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum": at the Pangea Theatre, 1320 Carter Road, Owensboro, Ky. The show will open with a 6:30 p.m. dinner theater performance on Friday; other performances will be 7:30 p.m. Saturday and May 4 and 5 and 2 p.m. April 29 and May 6 ($18 in advance, $20 at the door; meal costs extra). For tickets, call 270-925-4963 or visit www.backalleymusicals.com.
Broadway Series "Young Frankenstein": 7 p.m. at The Centre ($21 to $52, subject to fees). Call 812-435-5544 or 812-435-5770, ext. 211.
Audubon State Park: Henderson, Ky. Ohio Valley Birding Festival, today and Wednesday through April 29 at Audubon State Park and Wesselman Woods; visit www.ohiovalleybirdingfestival.org; Audubon's Birthday and Camper Appreciation Weekend, Friday, Saturday and April 29, Audubon Museum (free); Walk on the Wild Side Nature Program for Toddlers, 10 a.m. Friday, Bird Observation Center ($2; register at 270-826-2247); World of Reptiles program, 4 p.m. Saturday, Audubon Campground Shelter (free).
Patoka Lake Visitor Center: Birdseye, Ind. Hoosier Quest, 11 a.m. today; The Turtle Club, 3 p.m. today; Moery Story, 11 a.m. Saturday; Kayaking for Beginners, 2 p.m. Saturday; Wind Flowers, 1 p.m. April 29; Earth Medicine, 2 p.m. April 29; Resident Red-tailed Hawk and Eastern Screech Owl in the backyard garden viewing area of the Visitor Center, 10 a.m. to 3 p.m. April 29. Call 812-685-2447.
Koch Planetarium: Evansville Museum, 411 SE Riverside Drive, "Eight Planets and Counting" at 1 p.m. Saturday and Sunday through May 27. "The Sky Tonight," 3 p.m. every Saturday and Sunday. Admission is free for members; $3 for adult nonmembers and $2 for ages 3-12. Call 812-425-2406 or visit www.emuseum.org.
Ohio Valley Birding Festival's Family Day: 10 a.m. to 3 p.m., Wesselman Woods Nature Preserve: 551 N. Boeke Road. Free workshops, activities, hikes and games for all ages. Call 812-867-6231 or visit www.ohiovalleybirdingfestival.org.
Astronomy Day: 11 a.m. to 4 p.m. at the Evansville Museum, 411 SE Riverside Drive. Call 812-425-2406 or visit www.emuseum.org.
Talks & Readings
Page Turners Book Discussion: "Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man" by James Joyce, 1 p.m. at North Park Branch Library, 960 Koehler Drive. Call 812-428-8237.
Heritage Hospice Widow/Widower Lunch and Learn: open to all widows and widowers in the community, 11:30 a.m. at Logan's Roadhouse, 1 N. Burkhardt Road. Leslye Kassonbrock with Sterling House and Andrea McDonald with Specialty Home Health Care will present information on options for senior living. The program is free, but attendees must pay for their own lunch. For reservations, call Heritage Hospice at 812-475-9712.
McCollough Book Discussion: "Little Heathens: Hard Times and High Spirits on an Iowa Farm During the Great Depression" by Mildred Armstrong Kalish, 3 p.m. at McCollough Branch Library, 5115 Washington Ave. Call 812-428-8236.
Mystery Lovers Book Discussion: "The Killings at Badger's Drift" by Caroline Graham, 4:30 p.m. at North Park Branch, 960 Koehler Drive. Call 812-428-8237.
Stitch n' Listen: 10:30 a.m. at McCollough Branch Library, 5115 Washington Ave. Work on a portable stitching craft while listening to an audiobook. Call 812-428-8236.
Ferdinand Herb and Garden Days: 11 a.m. to 4 p.m., Ferdinand, Ind. Ferdinand Chainsaw Carving Festival, 9 a.m., 18th Street Park; and Market at the Wollenmann House, 11 a.m. to 4 p.m., 1150 Main St. Call 800-968-4578 or visit www.visitduboiscounty.com.
Money Smart Week Kickoff: 1 p.m. at Central Library, 200 SE MLK Blvd. Book signing, activities for kids, financial information and more. Call 812-759-7625.
Crafty Doodads: 6:30 p.m. at Central Library's Large Group Room, 200 SE MLK Blvd. Beth Phillips from WTVW Local 7 will demonstrate crafts from her on-air segment "Crafty Connections." Registration required. Call 812-428-8200, ext. 1238.
WNIN Action Auction: annual televised WNIN fundraiser, 6 to 10 p.m. through Saturday. Stop by the WNIN studios from 5 to 7 p.m. Monday to see the items that will be up for bid. The event is free and open to the public. Call 812-423-2973 or visit wninactionauction.org.
Little Sisters of the Poor Auxiliary Card Party: St. John's Home for the Aged, 1236 Lincoln Ave. Doors open at 11 a.m. (tickets $4). Lunch available at 11 a.m. Also features a spring auction, goodies, drinks, quilt, afghan, attendance and table prizes. Call 812-426-0206 for reservations.
Fanfiction Writing Workshop: 6 p.m. at Red Bank Branch Library, 120 S. Red Bank Road. Call 812-428-8205.
Film: "Rapt" (2009), 7:30 p.m. Forum I, University of Southern Indiana (free).
Collectors Carnival Antiques and Collectibles Show: 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. at the Vanderburgh County 4-H Center, 201 E. Boonville-New Harmony Road, also 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. April 29 (admission $2 per person). Saturday Preview Shopper, 7 to 9 a.m. ($5 per person). Friday Setup Shopper, 3 to 8 p.m. ($15 per person). Call 812-471-9419 or visit www.collectorscarnivalshows.com.
Ohio Township Public Library Friends Used Book Sale: 9 a.m. to 3 p.m. at Central Library, Indiana 66 and Bell Road, Newburgh. Preview sale for members of the Friends will be from 5:30 to 7:30 p.m. Friday. Library Friends book bags can be purchased for $8 and filled for an additional $8. Call 812-490-1340 or 812-490-0902.
Ohio Valley Art League Kitchen Tour: 10 a.m. to 3 p.m., Henderson, Ky. ($25). Tickets available at Third Street House in Henderson and Maxine's Bakery & Cafe in Evansville.
Koch Family Children's Museum of Evansville: 22 SE Fifth St. (812-464-2663). Artitude, 1 to 3 p.m. today and April 29; Week of the Young Child Garden Party, 10:30 a.m. Thursday; Rainy Window, noon to 2 p.m. Saturday.
Galleries and Museums
Central Library: second floor, 200 SE MLK Blvd. EVPL Drawing Class Students, through June 28.
Oaklyn Branch Library: 3001 Oaklyn Drive. "Billy Young: Green Art," through April 30.
North Park Branch Library: 960 Koehler Drive. "Enjoy Knits: Knitting," through April 29.
Evansville Museum: 411 SE Riverside Drive. "Evansville: Evolution of a City," through May 13; "A Century of Service: Girl Scouts of the USA," through July 1; "Cast in Bronze: The Figurative Sculpture of Gino Miles," through July 29; "Beauty, Joy and Wonder: The Sculpture of Ann Weber," April 29 through July 22. Weber will present an illustrated lecture about her work at 12:30 p.m. April 29 at a Champagne brunch (reservations required). Open 11 a.m. to 5 p.m. Wednesday through Friday, 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. Saturday and noon to 5 p.m. Sunday. Call 812-425-2406 or visit www.emuseum.org.
Angel Mounds State Historic Site: 8215 Pollack Ave., Tri-State Art Guild spring art and photography show "Bursts of Color," through Friday. Open 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. Tuesday through Saturday and 1 to 5 p.m. Sunday. Call 270-826-6674 or 270-830-7457 or visit www.tri-stateartguild.org.
McCutchan Art Center/Pace Galleries: Liberal Arts Center at the University of Southern Indiana. USI's 42nd annual Juried Student Art Exhibition, through April 29. Open 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. Monday through Friday and 1 to 5 p.m. Sunday.
Audubon Museum: Henderson, Ky. "A Mother's Touch," through May 31. Call 270-827-1893.
Women's Institute and Gallery: 916 E. Granary St., New Harmony, Ind., "The Good Housewife Exhibit" by New Harmony artist Mary Ann Michna, through May 6. Open 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. Friday and Saturday and noon to 5 p.m. Sunday. Call 812-682-3799.
New Harmony Gallery of Contemporary Art: 506 Main St., New Harmony, Ind., "Scraping the Bowl" by Juan Angel Chavez, through May 26. Open 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. Tuesday through Saturday and noon to 4 p.m. Sunday. Call 812-682-3156.
Shircliff Gallery of Arts: Vincennes University, Vincennes, Ind. An exhibit featuring the works of Vincennes University art majors, through Saturday. Open 8 a.m. to 9 p.m. Monday through Thursday, 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. Friday, noon to 3 p.m. Sunday or by appointment. Call 812-888-4316.
Hoosier Salon New Harmony Gallery: 507 Church St., New Harmony, Ind., "Field to Finish" exhibit, through May 30. Call 812-459-9851.
Arts Council of Southwestern Indiana: Penny MacLeod as April's Artist of the Month in the Window on the Walkway. Exhibit can be viewed between Third and Fourth streets on Main Street until April 30. Visit www.artswin.org.
Henager's Memories and Nostalgia Museum: Buckskin, Ind., April Classic Movies: "Brenda Starr, Reporter Chapters 3 and 4," "All Over Town" and "Bury Me Not on the Lone Prairie." Hours are 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. Monday through Friday and 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. Saturday. Call 812-795-2230 or 812-795-2237 or visit www.henagermuseum.com.
"Women in Art" Juried Exhibition: presented by the Arts Council of Southwestern Indiana and the Deaconess Women's Hospital, through Thursday on the third floor at the Women's Hospital, 4199 Gateway Blvd., Newburgh. Open 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. Monday through Friday. Call 812-422-2111 or visit www.artswin.org.
Anna Eaton Stout Art Gallery: Brescia University, Owensboro, Ky. Lex Shipley paintings, through May 13. Open 8:30 a.m. to 4 p.m. Monday through Friday.
Subscribe to the Courier & Press or The Gleaner
Need Help? Call us at 1-877-304-7771.
Monday-Friday: 6am-5pm / Saturday: 6am-11am / Sunday: 7am-Noon


text:
Anne Heyman, a Jewish philanthropist who founded a Rwandan youth village for children orphaned in that country's 1994 genocide, died in a horse-riding accident.
Heyman, 52, died Friday afternoon after falling off a horse while participating in a jumping competition at the Palm Beach International Equestrian Center in Florida.
The Forward on Saturday was the first news outlet to identify Heyman as the victim of the accident.
[Related: Anne Heyman, in memorium]
Heyman's interest in aiding Rwanda was spurred by a 2005 talk on the genocide that she and her husband, Seth Merrin, attended. Together they raised $12 million to build Rwanda's Agahozo-Shalom Youth Village.
The village opened in December 2008, and 500 Rwandans aged 14-21 currently live and study there. The village was inspired by the youth villages in Israel that resettled young Jews orphaned by the Holocaust.
Rwandan government officials expressed sorrow over Heyman's death.
"RIP #AnneHeyman — your legacy will live on forever, our thoughts are with your family and hundreds of youth in #ASYV who just lost a mother," Jean Nsengimana, Rwanda's youth minister, tweeted.
Heyman, a South Africa native, has been involved in numerous American Jewish philanthropies. She is a former board president of Dorot, a Jewish nonprofit that organizes volunteers to help the elderly and reduce their social isolation.
We welcome your feedback.
Privacy Policy
Your information will not be shared or sold without your consent. Get all the details.
Terms of Service
JewishJournal.com has rules for its commenting community.Get all the details.
JewishJournal.com reserves the right to use your comment in our weekly print publication.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Main Content
This item ships within one business day.
$4.99 flat rate shipping. See other shipping options.
- Approximately 3.75" in length
- Imported
- Made of metal
- Officially licensed
- Printed graphics
- Ready to hang
Reviewed by 1 customer
- Attractive Design
- Quality Construction
- Shows Off Team Pride
Best Uses
- Perfect For The Tree
Comments about Chicago Bears Sled Ornament:
At Christmastime we always have a Chicago Bears tree that only supports Bears ornaments. Each year my husband receives a new ornament for the tree as a gift. This is by far one of the best quality ornaments on the tree, not to mention it's super cute!
Special event items are produced by manufacturers only after the outcome of a game or event. These are advanced sale items and will ship immediately after they are received in our warehouse.
Manufacturer direct items are shipped directly from the manufacturer. These items are not available for international or expedited shipping.
Customized items can be personalized with options such as your name, your favorite number, and/or designs. Some options may be limited by league rules.


text:
Cobie Smulders is best known to audiences as TV reporter Robin Scherbatsky on the hit CBS TV sitcom How I Met Your Mother. Now the 30 year-old Canadian hopes to make her mark on the big screen as S.H.I.E.L.D director Maria Hill in the long-awaited film adaptation of the Marvel comic The Avengers.
Smulders talks about making the transition from sitcom to film.
"Yeah, it was definitely a shift in schedule alone," Cobie says, "I made it a point to do a lot of training to prepare myself for this role with weapons and to get myself mainly comfortable using them and that was the thing that I try to do the most."
"In terms of schedule, I'm very blessed with what I do at my job at How I Met Your Mother," she adds, "We have a very nice schedule and this, too, was very good, but we had a lot of stunts to do and a lot of very fun things to explode."
Cobie also talks about how she feels her role in a superhero film impacts her as a mom.
"It means a lot more action figures in our house," Smulders says, "I think we have all of them and she knows all the names. But it's very cool to be a woman in a man's world in this film and have my daughter see that. That's probably the coolest thing."
Smulders was asked about the most memorable experience during the shooting for the film.
"I was very much a newbie coming in and when I got to do a scene where most of them, I don't think Jeremy [Renner] was there," Cobie says, "But when I got to see everybody sitting at the table for the first time, when I got to stand back and see everybody. I also loved being able to work with Joss Whedon, because I've been wanting to work with him for a long time."
Cobie was also asked about her favorite video games.
"I'm classic," Cobie replies, "I love Super Mario Bros., the original one with the mushrooms and the theme. That was my favorite one."
Cobie was then what kind of Olympic sport she thinks Maria Hill would participate in.
"I'm thinking something in track and field," Smulders says, "I'm thinking long-distance running."


text:
Did you hear that the three stooges were found to be re-incanated and alive today. They have a new job. They all play in the NFL for the Philadelphia Eagles. Curly is re-incarnated as Terrell Owens, because he is the funniest of them all. Moe is now Donavan McNabb, because he is the leader. And Larry is Brian Westbrook because he is just the other guy. The tag along.
This is a proven fact. If you don't believe it, wacth the Eagles ths season.


text:
1. Dice the carrots, celery stalk and onions, keep it aside.
2. Make a bouquet garni of bay leaf, parsley and black peppercorns, wrap it in a cheese cloth and tie it up with a twine.
3. In large pot pour cold water add the turkey carcass along with the carrots, celery stock, onions and bouquet garni.
4. Bring it up to a boil and then reduce the heat and let it simmer for 3 hours, timely skim the stock for any fat which collects on the surface.
5. After 3 hours strain the content and turkey stock is ready to use.
4. Serve it as a base for your soup or any turkey dishes.


text:
ARK: Survival Evolved - Tribe is growing!
We have been playing ARK for about a week now, and even if our numbers are not very impressive, it has been alot of fun!
I have decided to stick with the game among with my other games i am currently playing and there for also opend up the ARK recruiting to the public and hope that we can get some new blood in our Tribe.
We are not(yet?) hosting out own server and playing on a unofficial EU server.
Do YOU wish to join us on our adventures in the jungle and help us establish a base, go and apply to us now and use the ARK aplication template! Hope to see you in-game! :)


text:
0 bytes when Restoring mailbox from Exchange GRT Differential Backup Job
Created: 24 Oct 2012 | 5 comments
I am doing my backups of Exchange 2003 with GRT directly on tapes.
When i tried to restore a indivitual item (coz of GRT), it does not shows ant option to select any mailbox or items.
Its shows 0 bytes.
Now how can i restore my mailbox from a differential backup tape.
Comments 5 Comments • Jump to latest comment
Have you been backing up with Advanced Open File Option turned on? If so, turn it off, try a backup again, and then check to see if you can restore.
You can also consider duplicating the Information Store to disk first, and then restoring from there.
Alternative ways to access Backup Exec Technical Support:
Have you tried to stage this to disk before doing the restore-to-pst?
Alternative ways to access Backup Exec Technical Support:


text:
Having problems accessing resources?
Report a problem
Report a problem
ProQuest Historical Newspapers: Chinese Newspapers Collection
ProQuest Historical Newspapers: Chinese Newspapers Collection (1832-1953) provides genealogists, researchers and scholars with online, easily-searchable first-hand accounts and unparalleled coverage of the politics, society and events of the time.
URL: https://libproxy.usc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/hnpchinesecollection/news/fromDatabasesLayer?accountid=14749
View databases in related topics:


text:
Thanks for redeeming.{{else}}
Success! Thanks for repurchasing.{{/if}} {{else}} {{#if Expired}}
Increase my visibility!{{else}} {{#if IsMultiPack}}
{{#if HasMultiPack}} You have {{MultiPackCount}} top spot(s) left. Now loading you into the search listings... {{else}} You have used all top spots. Now loading you into the search listings... {{/if}}{{else}}
We are loading you into the search listing pages...{{/if}} {{/if}} {{/if}} {{/if}}
{{Current}} just saw you!{{/if}} {{#if LastTopSpotPurchaseIsMulti }} {{#if HasAnyTopSpot}}
{{#if HasFreeTopSpot }} {{ UnclaimedTopSpotFree }} Free {{/if}} {{#if HasPaidTopSpot }} {{#if HasFreeTopSpot }} & {{/if}} {{ MultiPackCount }} {{/if}} Top Spot{{#if Plural}}s{{/if}} Left{{else}}
0 Top Spot{{#if Plural}}s{{/if}} Left{{/if}} {{else}} {{#if HasFreeTopSpot }}
{{ UnclaimedTopSpotFree }} Top Spot{{#if Plural}}s{{/if}} Left{{/if}} {{/if}} {{else}} {{#if HasResults}}
{{Current}} see you now!{{else}} {{/if}} {{/if}}
You can now invite anyone to meet at your favorite Starbucks.
Limited-time feature
31 year old woman | Atlanta, GA, USA | Seeking men 30-38 within 25 miles of Smyrna, GA
Can't wait for baseball season just need someone to help me cheer!
I'm a nanny with a passion for design and spending time with people who make me smile. Life is far too short to be anything but excited for life and hoping to find someone to share it with. I have been in atlanta for 8 years so I guess this is my home base for now. Come spring I can be found watching baseball (Red Sox of course) and outside as much as possible. Wanna catch a game let me know?
Cooking , Dining out , Hobbies and crafts , Exploring new areas , Travel/Sightseeing , Wine tasting
Aerobics, Dancing, Running, Swimming
I exercise 1-2 times per week.
I like Dogs
I'm allergic to cats but love dogs
Middle of the Road
Can be found in my local bar or checking out a new restaurant.
Savannah College of Art and Design, Savannah, GA
I grew up with a love of the boston red sox from my grandfather and am now still a huge fan. i enjoy spending time sewing and designing clothing. i could eat lobster and sushi for just about every meal if i could, but love anything that tastes good.
I'm a huge baseball fan so I love to catch a game when I can. Love going to dinner with friends or grabbing a drink and exploring the city
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
|What she is looking for
|5'10" (177cms)
|6'0" (182cms) to 7'0" (213cms)
|Body type:
|About average
|Slender, About average, Athletic and toned, A few extra pounds
|Black, Blue, Brown, Grey, Green, Hazel
|Dark brown
|Auburn / Red, Black, Light brown, Dark brown, Blonde, Salt and pepper, Dark blonde
|No Way
|No Way, Occasionally, Cigar aficionado
|Social Drinker, Regularly, Moderately
|Artistic / Creative / Performance
|Administrative / Secretarial, Artistic / Creative / Performance, Executive / Management, Financial / Accounting / Real Estate, Legal, Medical / Dental / Veterinary / Fitness, Retail / Food services, Sales / Marketing, Self-Employed / Entrepreneur, Education / Teacher / Professor, Technical / Science / Computers / Engineering, Travel / Hospitality / Transportation, Other profession, Architecture / Interior design
After fashion school I wanted to take a break from design so I started to nanny. It has now turned into teaching preschool in the mornings and being a nanny in the afternoon.
|I'll tell you later
|No preference
|Never Married
|Never Married
|Have kids:
|Wants kids:
|Definitely, Someday, Not sure
|White / Caucasian
|Asian, Latino / Hispanic, Native American, Pacific Islander, White / Caucasian
|Spiritual but not religious
|Christian / Catholic, Christian / Protestant, Spiritual but not religious, Other, Christian / Other
|Bachelors degree
|Some college, Bachelors degree, Graduate degree, PhD / Post Doctoral


text:
2013 NFL Team Win Totals Top 'OVER' Plays
- Updated: August 5, 2013
NFL Betting Trends- 2013 Win Totals Top 'OVER' Plays
Sunday's Hall of Fame Game marked the start of the preseason so you know that opening day in the NFL is right around the corner. WagerwWeb has already released the projected win totals for all 32 teams and it is constantly tweaking the odds for the "over/under" through up and down adjustments to the money line. Sometimes these can be some of the toughest prop bet odds to handicap considering that much of the rational for the numbers is based on last season's results.
Last time out, NFL Betting Trends picked out a few value picks in terms of the UNDER so this time around we will point out a few teams that should make a solid play on the OVER.
The team at the top of our list with a projected win total of 8.5 is the Chicago Bears. The current money line on the OVER is -130 while the line on the UNDER is +100. This team won 10 games last season and still decided to fire longtime head coach Lovie Smith so you know that bigger and better things than eight wins is the expected result for first-time NFL head coach Marc Trestman this season.
He earned a reputation in the NFL as an offensive-minded coach as an assistant before taking his talents 'north of the border' to the CFL as head coach of Montreal only to lead that team to a couple of Grey Cup titles. The big question for Chicago will be on the other side of the ball with the retirement of veteran linebacker Brian Urlacher, but all-in-all nine wins is very reasonable total for this team.
Our next team from the NFC that is primed to go OVER its projected win total is the Philadelphia Eagles at 7.5. The line on the OVER is +100 and the line on the UNDER is -130 so we are going against the betting public with this pick. This is another team that is undergoing a radical change after having the same head coach for a number of years. Chip Kelly takes over for Andy Reid and he has wasted little time putting his unique stamp on just about everything on this team.
While we still do not know whether Michael Vick, Nick Foles or possibly even rookie Matt Barkley will lineup under center on opening day, we do know that Kelly's style of play will be radically different from anything we have seen from the Eagles in recent years. In a division where two teams could be 8-8 and the other two 9-7, Philadelphia should remain right in the mix all season long.
Looking through the win totals for the AFC, the team that jumped off the page were the Cincinnati Bengals at 8.5. The OVER line is -140 and the UNDER line is +110, so just like with our Chicago pick, we are siding with the betting public. The Bengals have made it to the playoffs the past two seasons with a 9-7 record in 2011 and a 10-6 record in 2012. Given the fact that they have an exciting young offense led by third-year vet Andy Dalton complementing a defense that was ranked sixth overall in the NFL last season, the upside potential of this team adds tremendous value to its odds.
Baltimore will be fighting against a depleted roster and a Super Bowl hangover while Pittsburgh will be fighting against a fragile Ben Roethlisberger at quarterback and a rapidly aging defense. This opens the door completely for Cincinnati to take its turn at the top of the AFC North.
Dave Schwab
Latest posts by Dave Schwab (see all)
- NBA Pick: New York Knicks vs. Brooklyn Nets - December 5, 2013
- Detroit Pistons vs. Miami Heat Free NBA Pick - December 3, 2013
- Free NFL Pick: New Orleans Saints vs. Seattle Seahawks - December 2, 2013
You must be logged in to post a comment Login


text:
The Lowdown: You might have a bread maker. You've probably never used it. If you don't have one, here's a little known secret: there are certain items that always find their way into garage sales, still unused, still boxed up. Most of these items are kitchen accessories (vegetable steamers and bread makers top the list) gifted or purchased with good intentions. Their loss is your gain!
Break out the bread maker . . . it's time to make a loaf!
How to Make Your Own Bread and Save the Environment
Making your own bread with today's bread makers is virtually fool-proof. Most come with simple recipes and instructions (read the instructions carefully. When you mix ingredients, they should be added first, next, yeast on top). You toss the ingredients, in order, into the machine. (It's also fun to kick one of your feet up in the back as you toss, toes pointed down. Gentlemen can do a right hook/toss combination.) You click the appropriate setting and return after 2-3 hours to a lovely loaf of bread.
If you've feared your bread maker . . . it really is that easy.
To make a basic white/French bread you need only water, vegetable oil, flour, salt and dry yeast. If you buy these items in bulk you will end up paying between $0.50 and $0.70 per loaf. Wheat bread will cost you a bit more, and organic a bit more than that. But seriously, when's the last time you paid under a buck for a loaf of bread? And knowing what actually went into your bread? Priceless.
Eco Brownie Points:
- Save a bread maker from the landfill
- Cut down on packaging for your weekly loaf of bread
- Cut down on the oil needed to make and ship the bread and its ingredients
- Extra credit: buy organic ingredients and help sustain the environment!


text:
Colourful and inviting....the poolside dining room for 10 people
Huge 15mtr X 5mtr lap pool to cool off and exercise.
Sunbake with a cool drink and a good book beside the pool
Crisp and white, the inviting and roomy King size 'Bougainvillea' room.
Awaken to the colourful bougainvillea blossoms from your King size canopy bed.
fully equipped en-suite bathroom complete with all modern essentials.
Cool off with a refreshing shower in the adjacent en-suite.
Deliciously open and fresh, the poolside dining room.
Tropical colours and huge original paintings are displayed in the dining room.
Comfortable lounge room which overlooks the gardens and pool area.
Religious ceremonies are frequent pursuits of the Balinese people.


text:
2.07 E SI1 Cushion Split Shank
Heirloom Custom Series Platinum Ring. This ring showcases a cushion cut diamond weighing 2.07 carats. Call for more information.
There are no reviews yet.
Only logged in customers who have purchased this product may leave a review.
Responsive Web Designs Powered by Brandex
© Von Bargen's Jewelry 2015 | Terms & Conditions
Sign Up to Discover Von Bargen's and Receive $50 Towards Your First Purchase!
*some restrictions apply. View details.


text:
Morning Report: Cloudy conditions expected
Weather: Mostly cloudy conditions around the county this morning are expected to ease later today, but forecasters expect partly cloudy weather to continue through the day in most areas, the National Weather Service reported.
Clouds are expected to give way to mostly sunny conditions in local mountains, however.
Forecasters predict high temperatures in the 70s around the county today.
Traffic: At 6:43 a.m., the California Highway Patrol was reporting a traffic hazard on Laguna Road at Pleasant Valley Road outside Oxnard.
Police and Fire: No major crimes or accidents were reported in Ventura County late last night or this morning after the shooting death of a 13-year-old boy in Oxnard, law enforcement officials said.
Subscribe to the Ventura County Star
Need Help? Call us at 1-877-710-6182.
Monday-Friday: 6am-3pm / Saturday: 6:30am-10:30am / Sunday: 7am-11am


text:
"Swimming will be a part of it, but it won't be set in an Olympic pool going back and forth," said Adam Kline, president of 505 Games, the company releasing the series. "This is a pure action game."
"We will spend a very pretty penny in marketing this project because it's important to us," Kline said. "We believe it's the next Tiger Woods project. ... It could be here for the next 10 years."


text:
Vote & Vax Clinics Across the United States Will Increase Flu Vaccination Rates
LAKEVILLE, Conn., Oct. 15 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ -- During this year's national presidential election, more than 125 million Americans are expected to pass through polling places -- and two-thirds of them are likely to be age 50 and older. To take advantage of this unique opportunity, nearly 200 flu shot clinics will be taking place at or near polling sites, including some early voting locations, across 30 states and the District of Columbia.
The clinics are part of an innovative non-partisan, non-political national public health strategy called Vote & Vax, sponsored by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) and Sickness Prevention Achieved through Regional Collaboration (SPARC).
A 2008 national survey commissioned by SPARC reveals that nearly half (46%) of adults age 50 and older in the U.S. would be more likely to get a flu shot if it were more convenient for them.
"Increasing the number of people in this country who are able to conveniently receive an influenza vaccination is a proven way to protect the health of thousands of people in this country," says Douglas Shenson, MD, MPH, executive director of SPARC. An estimated 36,000 people in the U.S. die and more than 200,000 are hospitalized each year as a result of the flu.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that all adults aged 50 and older get an annual influenza vaccination. For the 2006-2007 flu season, far less than half of adults (36%) aged 50 to 64 and less than two-thirds (65.6%) of those aged 65 and older received an influenza vaccination, according to available CDC data.
"Vote & Vax is a common sense strategy for ensuring that the people who can benefit most from flu shots get them when they need them," said Jane Isaacs Lowe, PhD, senior program officer at RWJF.
Launched in 1996 by SPARC, the Vote & Vax project was established as a
|SOURCE Sickness Prevention Achieved through RegionalCollaboration
Copyright©2008 PR Newswire.
All rights reserved


text:
Teaching & Academics
For prospective students, postdocs, & guests
WHOI Image of the Day: Laney Lab
» Curriculum Vitae: Samuel Laney
» Oceanus article: A day in the life of a phytoplankter
» Oceanus article: Polar phytoplankton blooms
In March & April 2015 I was onboard the newest UNOLS ship RV Sikuliaq for its ice trials in the Bering Sea. Read about it in Science, here.
Last updated April 17, 2015
© Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. All rights reserved


text:
Thanks for redeeming.{{else}}
Success! Thanks for repurchasing.{{/if}} {{else}} {{#if Expired}}
Increase my visibility!{{else}} {{#if IsMultiPack}}
{{#if HasMultiPack}} You have {{MultiPackCount}} top spot(s) left. Now loading you into the search listings... {{else}} You have used all top spots. Now loading you into the search listings... {{/if}}{{else}}
We are loading you into the search listing pages...{{/if}} {{/if}} {{/if}} {{/if}}
{{Current}} just saw you!{{/if}} {{#if LastTopSpotPurchaseIsMulti }} {{#if HasAnyTopSpot}}
{{#if HasFreeTopSpot }} {{ UnclaimedTopSpotFree }} Free {{/if}} {{#if HasPaidTopSpot }} {{#if HasFreeTopSpot }} & {{/if}} {{ MultiPackCount }} {{/if}} Top Spot{{#if Plural}}s{{/if}} Left{{else}}
0 Top Spot{{#if Plural}}s{{/if}} Left{{/if}} {{else}} {{#if HasFreeTopSpot }}
{{ UnclaimedTopSpotFree }} Top Spot{{#if Plural}}s{{/if}} Left{{/if}} {{/if}} {{else}} {{#if HasResults}}
{{Current}} see you now!{{else}} {{/if}} {{/if}}
You can now invite anyone to meet at your favorite Starbucks.
Limited-time feature
32 year old woman | Ridgewood, NY, USA | Seeking men 30-40 within 20 miles
Artsy, corky, energetic and positive NYC girl looking for a friend and lover
I don't know how to make this any more interesting or different than what I am sure other females write but here goes nothing...I'm free spirited, determined and in love with life and all its wonders. I like to enjoy life and play hard but when it comes to work and my career I am determined and focused. I completed a Master's in International Education and now work for the NYC Department of Education and it's Legal Office. I am a fan of art, architecture, music from all over the world.... I cant say I am looking for anything or anyone in particular because I feel that is what sets people up for disappoint. I am interested in meeting a down to earth hardworking person to meet and see where things go. I am open to trying new things, going to places that are out of my comfort zone and giving my all to the person that I feel deserves it. I am not impressed by expensive cars, big homes or fancy watches....keep me laughing, keep me intrigued and keep me challenged and you will have my undivided attention...
Coffee and conversation , Cooking , Dining out , Movies/Videos , Museums and art , Nightclubs/Dancing , Performing arts , Religion/Spiritual , Travel/Sightseeing , Watching sports , Wine tasting
Baseball, Cycling, Dancing, Swimming, Walking / Hiking
I exercise 1-2 times per week.
I'm a Queens/Brooklyn kind of girl..I work in Manhattan Monday thru Friday so if I can find interesting and fun things to do in the boroughs I am totally open! Love me some Beer Garden or events at Colleges and bookstores
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
|What she is looking for
|5'2" (157cms)
|5'8" (172cms) to 8'11" (271cms)
|Body type:
|I'll tell you later
|No preference
|I'll tell you later
|No preference
|I'll tell you later
|No preference
|No Way
|No preference
|Social Drinker
|Social Drinker
|No preference
|$50,001 to $75,000
|$25,001 to $35,000, $35,001 to $50,000, $50,001 to $75,000, $75,001 to $100,000, $100,001 to $150,000, $150,001+
|Never Married
|No preference
|Have kids:
|No preference
|Wants kids:
|Latino / Hispanic
|No preference
|Spiritual but not religious
|No preference
I'm a meditator. Helps me stay calm and focus and it helps me make grounded decisions about life.
|English, Spanish
|No preference
|Graduate degree
|High school, Some college, Associates degree, Bachelors degree, Graduate degree, PhD / Post Doctoral


text:
My app includes scrollview/pagecontrol and get image from web and display on scrollview. It works fine on ipod 2nd Gen and Simulator but somewhat it crashes on Iphone 3GS. Apparently it crashes on
NSData *htmlData = [[NSString stringWithContentsOfURL:[NSURL URLWithString:url]
encoding:NSASCIIStringEncoding error:&error]
this line. I have no idea what would cause to crash on it since it works smoothly on other device and simulator. Any help would be appreciated.


text:
Boothwyn Car DealerChange City
Boothwyn Car Dealer
Find multiple listings of Boothwyn car dealers at the Autobytel.com website. Look for your future new or used automobile by manufacturer, value, type, or production year. Browse our giant catalogue of Boothwyn car dealerships; which have their entire supply of new and used automobiles listed at Autobytel.com. We will help with your automobile shopping experience every step of the way. View up-to-date values of automobiles, study vehicle stats, browse photos, research extensive analysis of the cars, and find prices pertaining to the Boothwyn car dealership.
There is no reason to bounce around to multiple Boothwyn car dealerships anymore. With the advent of the internet; Boothwyn car dealers can now list their entire inventory online at numerous locations like Autobytel.com. More and more consumers have turned to the internet to study-up on new cars. When a shopper has decided on an automobile; they browse through the line-up of nearby Boothwyn car dealers. Chances are they will land at an all encompassing website like Autobytel.com. Get a price quote from multiple Boothwyn car dealers online at our website.
Having one Boothwyn car dealership that you can trust is a big deal. You might think that in the car buying process, you will only visit that Boothwyn car dealer lot once. Often times Boothwyn car dealers have so many more resources available to the consumer that you're likely to make a return visit. Respectable Boothwyn car dealerships have much more to offer the customer than just new and used car sales; there should also be: a body shop, a service department, a parts center, and a financing office. Since there is a very good likelihood that in the coming years you will revisit the Boothwyn car dealer for repair or a replacement part. Entering into a partnership with the Boothwyn car dealership of your choice can be a major benefit to all parties involved.
Find a reputable dealer by searching the Boothwyn car dealerships database online at Autobytel.com Peruse accounts given by shoppers of Boothwyn car dealers to find out valuable details. Having these critiques from past patrons are a great resource when searching through the many Boothwyn car dealerships.


text:
'Beatrice' 1866: For Cameron's contemporaries, the simple title of this life-size, close-up head would have suggested Percy Bysshe Shelley's poetic drama 'The Cenci' (1819). The play was based on the true story of Beatrice Cenci, who had her abusive father murdered in 16th-century Italy and was executed along with her co-conspirators.
© independent.co.uk


text:
Book your room at The Hughenden Boutique Hotel
Basic RoomMax Occupancy: 2 guests (up to 1 child, 1 infant)
Standard RoomMax Occupancy: 2 guests (up to 1 child, 1 infant)
Standard Plus RoomMax Occupancy: 3 guests (up to 2 children, 1 infant)
Deluxe RoomMax Occupancy: 2 guests (up to 1 child, 1 infant)
Get an overview of this hotelFamily-friendly Woollahra hotel in Oxford Street with free breakfast
This family-friendly Woollahra hotel is located near the airport, within a 10-minute walk of Centennial Park and Paddington Markets. Bondi Beach and Sydney Opera House are also within 3 mi (5 km).
Hotel Features
This smoke-free hotel features a restaurant, a bar/lounge, and a conference center. Free buffet breakfast and free WiFi in public areas are also provided. Other amenities include self parking, a meeting room, and concierge services.
Room Amenities
All 35 rooms provide conveniences like refrigerators and coffee makers, plus free WiFi and TVs with digital channels. Free newspapers, ceiling fans, and hair dryers are among the other amenities that guests will find.Information missing or incorrect? Tell us!
Hotel Amenities
Hotel Amenities
The hotel offers a restaurant. A bar/lounge is on site where guests can unwind with a drink. A complimentary breakfast is offered each morning. A computer station is located on site and high-speed wireless Internet access is complimentary.
Event facilities include a conference center and a meeting room. This family-friendly hotel also offers a library, concierge services, and complimentary newspapers in the lobby. Onsite parking is available (surcharge).
The Hughenden Boutique Hotel is a smoke-free property.
- Free breakfast
- Free WiFi
- Restaurant
- Bar/lounge
- Conference center
- Self parking (surcharge)
- One meeting room
- Concierge services
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Laundry facilities
- 24-hour front desk
- Computer station
- Library
- Express check-out
- Free newspapers in lobby
- Fireplace in lobby
- Safe-deposit box at front desk
- Smoke-free property
- Designated smoking areas (fines apply)
- Designated smoking areas
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
- Number of floors - 2
- Total number of rooms - 35
- Year Built 1870
Family Friendly Amenities
- Free Wi-Fi
- Refrigerator
- Laundry facilities
Available in all rooms: Free WiFi
Available in some public areas: Free WiFi
Self parking (surcharge)
Room Amenities
- Free WiFi
- Television
- Digital TV service
- Refrigerator
- Shower only
- Coffee/tea maker
- Daily housekeeping
- Free newspaper
- Hair dryer
- Free toiletries
- Iron/ironing board
- Blackout drapes/curtains
- Access via exterior corridors
- Air conditioning
- Ceiling fan
- Private bathroom
Where to Eat
A complimentary hot/cold buffet breakfast is served each morning between 7 AM and 10 AM.
The Hughenden Boutique Hotel has a restaurant serving breakfast only.
Nearby Things to Do
The recreational activities listed below are available either on site or nearby; fees may apply.
- Golfing nearby
- Surfing/boogie boarding nearby
- Sailing nearby
- Bicycle rentals nearby
To make requests for specific accessibility needs, complete the "Special or Accessibility Requests" section of "Trip Preferences" when you book your hotel.
- Accessible path of travel
- In-room accessibility
Hotel Policies
Minimum check-in age is 18
Check-in time starts at 3 PM
Check-out time is 10 AM
Payment types
Children and extra beds
- Children are welcome.
Pets allowed
You need to know
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on hotel policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
No rollaway/extra beds available
No cribs (infant beds) available
- Self parking fee: AUD 30 per night
- Deposit: AUD 100 per stay
- Breakage deposit: AUD 100 per stay (for guests under 2 years old)
- Onsite credit card charges are subject to a surcharge
We should mention
Construction is underway at a neighboring building and there may be noise disturbance from the construction work. This property allows pets in specific rooms only. Guests can request one of these rooms by contacting the property directly, using the contact information on the booking confirmation.
National Rating
Official Australia STAR Rating provided by Star Ratings Australia
Star Ratings Australia assigns an official STAR Rating for accommodations in Australia. This Guesthouse property is rated 4 stars.


text:
In a system providing for user access of secure resources upon user authentication by a remote authentication server, a successful user authentication is saved locally for use when the authentication server is not available. The successful user authentication returns an authenticated credential which is stored on the local client utilizing a security method such as Public Key Infrastructure which prevents tampering with the credential. If a gateway machine provides connectivity between the client and the authentication server, the credential is also stored on the gateway.
1. A method for providing access to at least one secure resource upon authentication of a user where said user authentication is performed by an authentication server in remote communication with a client in use by said user, the method comprising the steps of:
(a) submitting a user authentication request to said authentication server;
(b) in response to a successful user authentication:
(b1) receiving an authenticated user credential which is unique to said user;
(b2) storing said authenticated credential on said client utilizing a security method to prevent tampering with the credential; and
(b3) using said authenticated credential to access said at least one secure resource;
(c) in response to an unsuccessful user authentication:
(c1) determining whether said authentication server is in operative communication with said client;
(c2) in response to a step (c1) determination that said authentication server is not in operative communication with said client:
(c2a) searching said client for a stored authenticated credential corresponding to said user;
(c2b) in response to a step (c2a) finding of an authenticated credential corresponding to said user, using said stored authenticated credential to access said at least one secure resource without further authenticating the credential with the server or other authenticating entity while said authentication server is not in operative communication with said client; and
(c2c) in response to not finding in step (c2a) an authenticated credential corresponding to said user, failing the user authentication request; and
(c3) in response to a step (c1) determination that said authentication server is in operative communication with said client:
(c3a) erasing from said client any stored authenticated credential corresponding to said user; and
(c3b) failing said user authentication request.
2. The method of
decrypting the credential;
determining whether the decrypted credential has been tampered with; and
failing the user authentication request in response to a determination that the decrypted credential has been tampered with.
3. The method of
decrypting the credential with a key stored on the client;
determining whether the decrypted credential has been tampered with; and
falling the user authentication request in response to a determination that the decrypted credential has been tampered with.
4. The method of
5. The method of
6. The method of
determining an elapsed time since a previous remote server authorization;
comparing the elapsed time to a threshold time; and
in response to the elapsed time exceeding the threshold time, failing the user authentication request.
7. The method
assigning a high sensitivity level or a low sensitivity level to the at least one secure resource; and
failing the user authentication request if the at least one secure resource sensitivity level is the high sensitivity level unless the authenticated credential is found on either the server or the gateway.
As computer networks proliferate and the use of the internet, intranets and other remote methods of providing computer resources and services become more popular, the problem of authenticating users becomes more and more important. It is imperative for providers of resources such as banking services, databases holding personal or other sensitive information and internal company resources, for example, to be able to reliably identify users attempting to access their resources. As such, well known standards and methods have been developed to provide for user authentication. Many such standards and methods involve the remote exchange of some type of user authentication credential.
A user attempting to access a secure resource might be asked to enter some identifying information, such as a user id and/or a password. Behind the scenes and transparent to the user, the user's system would send the identifying information to an authentication server connected to the user's system via a network, such as the internet. Assuming the authentication server recognizes the identifying information as associated with an authorized user, an authenticated credential would be returned to the user's system, with which the user would be allowed to access the requested resource. The nature of the identifying information and the methods used by the user's system and the authentication server to verify the user's right to access the resource can all be in accordance with any one of the well-known standards regarding such functions. These methods and standards are easily identified by those skilled in the relevant arts.
One popular standard that has been developed for remote authentication of users is the Light-weight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP). LDAP may be used to authenticate users to access resources that may reside locally or remotely to the user. Typically, especially in small business environments, the LDAP server is located remotely from the user. Utilizing a remote LDAP server provided through a service provider allows the small business to save the cost of providing its own local LDAP servers. Connectivity to the LDAP server is provided via the internet, an intranet or other computer network.
In order to access resources 30 which require user authentication, the client 10 must contact the LDAP server 60 and receive an authenticated credential. When the LDAP server is unavailable, such as when any of the connections between the client and the LDAP server are down (i.e., the client-gateway connection, the gateway-network connection or the network-LDAP server connection) or when the LDAP server or the gateway machine is down, user authentication is not possible and the user is unable to access the desired secure resource(s). In the case of a business environment, this can cause serious productivity losses.
In some instances, some resources 30 may be located on the client machine 10. Authentication of the user by the LDAP server 60 would still be required before the user could access such resources. In the case where the client 10 is a mobile computer, the client will often be disconnected from the network. In such an instance, the user would be unable to access the secure resources on the mobile client because there would be no connectivity to the LDAP server. Again, serious productivity losses could result.
For these reasons, and others readily identified by those skilled in the art, it would be desirable to develop techniques to allow user's some access rights to secure resources when a remote authentication server is unavailable while maintaining a high degree of trust.
The present invention contemplates a method whereby a user may access secure resources requiring user authentication when the remote authentication server is unavailable. This method is applicable to any user authentication method or standard requiring an exchange with a remote server of some type of credential. The present invention does not require any changes to the user authentication method or standard. In realizing these and other purposes of the present invention, a method calls for a client machine to locally store the authenticated credential received from the authentication server during a successful user authentication. The credential is stored in a manner that makes tampering or falsifying the authenticated credential difficult or impossible. One example of a method of protecting the credential is hardware-based Public Key Infrastructure, or PKI, but any other appropriate method may be used. Where the client machine is connected to the authentication server via a secure gateway machine, the credential may also be stored in a similarly-secured manner on the gateway machine. Then, if a later requested user authentication fails due to a lack of availability of the authentication server, the authenticated credential on the client machine and/or the gateway machine can be used to allow the user access to the secure resource. Access to secure resources using a locally-stored credential may be limited by system policies limiting the amount of time since the last remote server authentication or other policies ensuring the security of the resource. Also, some especially sensitive resources may have associated policies that are more demanding, accepting only credentials from the gateway machine or the remote server itself.
Some of the purposes of the invention having been stated, others will appear as the description proceeds, when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing, in which:
While the present invention will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which a preferred embodiment(s) of the present invention is shown, it is to be understood at the outset of the description which follows that persons of skill in the appropriate arts may modify the invention here described while still achieving the favorable results of the invention. Accordingly, the description which follows is to be understood as being a broad, teaching disclosure directed to persons of skill in the appropriate arts, and not as limiting upon the present invention.
Devices and systems implementing the LDAP standard method of remote authentication, and other remote authentication mechanisms to which the present invention may be applied, are well known to persons skilled in the relevant arts. Such devices and systems may be implemented in any of the many alternate embodiments that are available without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Detailed descriptions of such devices and systems, and the underlying remote authentication mechanisms, are not required for an understanding of the present invention. This invention relates to an improvement to the method of operation of such devices and systems.
The figures and examples given in this description often reference the LDAP remote authentication standard and include an LDAP server as a component. The use of these specific examples is not to be read as limiting on the present invention in any way and is simply illustrative of one configuration to which the present invention is applicable. The present invention is equally applicable to other user authentication mechanisms which utilize a remote authentication device and the exchange of any type of authenticated credential which could be saved for later use in authenticating a user as described herein.
In accordance with the present invention, and with reference to
Connectivity from the client 10 to the global network 40 may optionally be provided through a secure gateway machine 50. The gateway machine 50 may connect several local clients (not shown) to the global network 40, centralizing the connections and providing a level of security between the clients, the LAN 20 and the global network 40.
With reference to
When operating in accordance with the present invention, the authenticated credential is securely cached 140 on the client machine and, if one is present, on the gateway machine. In order to protect the credential from being tampered with or falsified, the credential must be stored in a protected manner. This may be done using any one of the many methods known for such purposes to those skilled in the relevant arts. As an example, the credential may be protected by Public Key Infrastructure (PKI). The PKI standard provides for a method whereby the credential is encrypted before storing, preventing anyone from discovering its contents. PKI also provides the credential with a digital signature to detect whether the contents have been altered. The PKI method includes a Key which is stored on the client and which is used to encrypt and decrypt the credential. For an additional level of security, hardware-based PKI may be used wherein the Key is stored in hardware as opposed to the client's disk drive. This makes it much more difficult for a hacker to discover the Key. There are many other types of encryption and other security measures which may be applied to the stored credential, any of which may be used with the present invention. The various types of security measures available provide varying levels of security and require varying levels of complexity in implementing. The choice of a protection measure for a particular application is a selection to be made based on the level of sensitivity of the secure resources to be protected balanced against the available resources for implementation.
In accordance with the present invention, if a user authentication request fails 120, the client determines whether connectivity to an operative LDAP server is available 150. This determination may be performed using any method or technique known to those reasonable skill in the relevant arts. Such connectivity will not be available if the user authentication request failed because a connection between a client and the LDAP server is broken or because the LDAP server itself is down. If such connectivity is not available, the client checks the client machine for an authenticated credential matching the user whose authentication request failed 160. This search will necessarily involve decrypting the authenticated credential using whatever encryption method was used to protect the credential and verifying that the credential has not been tampered with. If a valid match is found 170, the user may access the requested resource using the locally stored credential 180. If no valid matching authenticated credential is found, the request to access the secure resource fails 190.
A system operating in accordance with the present invention may optionally implement system security policies limiting the use of local credentials for accessing secure resources. For example, very sensitive resources may be defined by the system security policies as always requiring user authentication by an LDAP server. Less sensitive resources may require the last LDAP server authentication to have been received less than a certain number of hours prior to the current request. Still less sensitive resources might allow local credentials to be used without restriction. System security policies may be designed using any criteria known to those of reasonable skill in the art in order to appropriately protect the secure resources of varying levels of sensitivity.
Referring now to
The use of a gateway-stored credential is considered preferable to a credential stored on the client. The gateway machine is typically a secure machine utilizing network firewall software to isolate the gateway from unwanted intrusions from connected networks and is often maintained at a secure site. Also, since a gateway often provides connectivity to the global network for several (or many) clients, the likelihood of finding a matching authenticated credential is greater. Finally, in environments where users may use more than one network-attached workstation within the local network, all connecting to the global network through the gateway, once the user has been authenticated, the corresponding credential will reside on the gateway and the user may be authenticated at the gateway from any of the locally-networked workstations.
Again, a system operating in accordance with the present invention may optionally implement system security policies selectively limiting access to sensitive resources using credentials not provided by the LDAP server. These limitations could also apply to gateway-stored credentials. Because gateways are typically more secure than clients, policies would typically allow access to more sensitive resources using gateway credentials than with locally-stored credentials. As stated above, system security policies can be designed by those reasonably skilled in the art as they feel appropriate under the circumstances.
If, when a user authentication request fails in a system including a gateway machine, no connectivity is available to an operative LDAP server or an operative gateway, the local client is searched 160 and a matching locally-stored authenticated credential used 180, if applicable, as discussed above.
In the situation where a user authentication request has failed but connectivity to an operative LDAP server is available 150, this indicates that a submitted user identification has been identified as not authorized to the requested resource. In accordance with the present invention a search is made of the client and the gateway, if applicable, for any earlier-authenticated credentials matching the user who has been denied authentication. Any matching credentials are flushed from the secure cache(s) 250 to ensure that user is not able to use the stored credentials to improperly access the secure resource(s). This situation could occur, if, for example, a user was authorized to a resource for a time but the authorization later expired or was revoked.
With respect to the functions and processes described and illustrated herein, each may be embodied in electronic circuitry (or hardware) or as a series of computer programming code instructions (or software) implementing the functions or steps described, or as a combination of hardware and software. For example, in this description and in the following claims where the client 10 (
As readily recognized by those skilled in the art, the exact order of the steps illustrated and discussed herein may be varied in any advantageous manner without deviating from the present invention. Also, where appropriate, steps may be repeated, skipped or combined to better operate in a given environment.
In the drawings and specification there has been set forth preferred embodiments of the invention, and, although specific terms are used, the description thus given uses terminology in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.
Patent Citations
Non-Patent Citations
Referenced by
Legal Events
Original Image


text:
BLUE HILL TOWNSHIP — A loose dog led Sherburne County authorities to a drug bust on Tuesday, July 23 in Blue Hill Township. Sherburne County deputies were called to the 14000 block of 284th Ave NW, in Blue Hill Township on a report of a dog running at large. While making a stop at the [...]...Read More
sherburne county sheriff
A 46-year-old Big Lake man died July 7 after being electrocuted while charging a boat battery. Daniel Peterson and his sister, Kris Biser, 49, were found floating and unresponsive in Eagle Lake in Orrock Township at about 2:45 p.m. on Thursday, July 4. Eagle Lake is north of Big Lake in Sherburne Co...Read More
According to Sheriff Joel Brott, Sherburne County Dispatch Supervisor Lori Morgan, just returned from the prestigious Chief Executive Officer Training Seminar, held outside of the nation's capital, at the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children (NCMEC) located in Alexandria, VA. ...Read More
A Sherburne County Sheriff's deputy checked out a complaint on March 13 regarding a fire truck parked in a field across the road from the Baldwin Township hall as possibly causing a traffic hazard. March 13 was election day for the township and clerk Cathy Stevens who was working inside the town h...Read More
Sheryl Barnhart, 53, Zimmerman, and Virgil Pouliot, 55, Zimmerman, were arrested Wednesday for 1st degree possession of a controlled substance, methamphetamine, and were booked into the Sherburne County Jail. According to Sheriff Joel Brott, investigators from the Sherburne County Drug Task Force ...Read More
Rodney Barfknecht, 41, Big Lake, was arrested Wednesday for 1st degree criminal sexual conduct and booked into the Sherburne County Jail. According to Sheriff Joel Brott, investigators from the Criminal Investigative Division, CID, investigated a report of a sexual assault complaint in which it ...Read More
On 2/7/12 the Sherburne County Drug Task Force arrested Lashun Witherspoon Jr., male, 19, Elk River, MN for 1st degree possession of cocaine and 3rd degree possession of heroin, Jameela Wright, female, 22, Elk River, for 5th degree possession of marijuana and Jessica Gabrielson, female, 27, Minneapo...Read More


text:
Date: 2 years ago
Runtime: 4:48
Views: 13,683
Top Comment
All Comments
OH FUCKING YESSSSSSSSSSS ! want to try it ! ronnie
Wow this is such a sexy video!! Your ass is amazing! And your gape at the end is seriously one the sexiest I have ever seen! I would love to be able to get my hands inside you! I would cum just being able to fist you! ;-)
what a fucking trashed hole
Fukn Awsum....Dude U R Smokin Hot...Can I PLEASE Suck your Juicy Gaping Cunt
Looks like you like the new J-lube!!!! FFuckin' hoT hole!!!
damn like to fist that pussy
work it gurl
you have such a great ass! i love how you fist you hole into a big sloppy man cunt!
wow... can I help you!?
best ever
damn, would love to fist that big hole!
what a beautiful big juicy mancunt im in love keep showing off you ****hole baby oink oink
Damn, I'd LOVE to play with that!
wish that was me punching your tailpipe and making that rose bloom!
your hot hungry pussy makes just as much sweet noise with glasses on. rock on!
Love that stretched hungry fuckhole
fucking hot self-fist and insanely sexy hole!!!
i want to eat that big hole!
can you maybe make a video of how to learn to do this? i need to streatch myself out bad.
looks like nic and hot pussy!


text:
take grandma out to AW. 4 door 232 6 ,auto. garaged 40 years. 22000 on motor. runs nice. 46000 on chassie. needs brake drums... More
Stand out in the crowd with this rare 60's muscle car. This car been partially restored and built for speed, it is in very good... More
For Sale; 1963 Rambler "American" 440 Hardtop Convertible Coupe. A very clean and presentable car that drives well, 6 Cylinder Automatic. Speedometer shows 49,000... More
1969 AMC AMX , rebuilt N.O.M. 343 V-8.automatic transmission & power steering and power disc brakes. An amatuer, cosmetic restoration on a rust free California... More
1969 AMX... More


text:
- Where
- New York Avenue Northwest, Washington, DC
- When
- March 30, 2013
Androsolve is one of the most prominent testosterone boosting supplements in the market. This product is far ahead of its counterparts as it provides more energy and manlihood with the help of its quliatative ingredients. Get ready for a boost in your manhood with this product


text:
ZOTAC GeForce 9800 GTX+ ZONE Edition Graphics Card - Power Consumption TestsZOTAC strap some water cooling to the 9800 GTX+ and bring the card under its ZONE naming scheme.
Power Consumption Tests
Using our new PROVA Power Analyzer WM-01 or "Power Thingy" as it has become quickly known as to our readers, we are now able to find out what kind of power is being used by our test system and the associated graphics cards installed. Keep in mind; it tests the complete system (minus LCD monitor, which is plugged directly into AC wall socket).
There are a few important notes to remember though; while our maximum power is taken in 3DMark06 at the same exact point, we have seen in particular tests the power being drawn as much as 10% more. We test at the exact same stage every time; therefore tests should be very consistent and accurate.
The other thing to remember is that our test system is bare minimum - only a 7,200RPM SATA-II single hard drive is used without CD ROM or many cooling fans.
So while the system might draw 400 watts in our test system, placing it into your own PC with a number of other items, the draw is going to be higher.
The ZONE also manages to use slightly less power than the stock cooled 9800 GTX+ from XFX.
PRICING: You can find products similar to this one for sale below.
United States: Find other tech and computer products like this over at Amazon's website.
Australia: Find other tech and computer products like this over at PLE Computer's website.
Canada: Find other tech and computer products like this over at Amazon Canada's website.
- Page 1 [Introduction]
- Page 2 [The Package]
- Page 3 [The Card]
- Page 4 [Test System Setup and 3DMark06]
- Page 5 [Benchmarks - 3DMark Vantage]
- Page 6 [Benchmarks - PT Boats: Knights of the Sea]
- Page 7 [Benchmarks - CINEBENCH R10]
- Page 8 [Benchmarks - World in Conflict]
- Page 9 [Benchmarks - Crysis]
- Page 10 [Benchmarks - Unreal Tournament 3]
- Page 11 [Benchmarks - High Quality AA and AF]
- Page 12 [Benchmarks - 3DMark06 - XP]
- Page 13 [Benchmarks - CINEBENCH R10 - XP]
- Page 14 [Benchmarks - World in Conflict - XP]
- Page 15 [Benchmarks - Unreal Tournament 3 - XP]
- Page 16 [Temperature and Sound Tests]
- Page 17 [Power Consumption Tests]
- Page 18 [Final Thoughts]
Related Tags
Further Reading: Read and find more Video Cards content at our Video Cards reviews, guides and articles index page.
Do you get our RSS feed? Get It!
Latest News Posts
- Julian Assange won't be given asylum in France
- Free Course! Learn Essential Programming Skills for Entrepreneurs
- Star Wars: Battlefront screenshots in 4K look absolutely incredible
- Stealing keys through the help of 3D printing is a possibility
- Sharkoon offers a mouse and bungee with USB hub for under $55
Forum Activity
- Define S 47 [Buildlog 03.07.2015]
- Power loss - Event 41 Kernel Power
- ASRock Beebox (N3000) Fanless Small Form Factor PC Review
- AMD Radeon R9 Fury X Video Cards in CrossFire
- Akitio Thunder2 Quad Mini External Storage Enclosure Review
Press Releases
- Sharkoon Gamer Mouse with Bungee Hub - MSRP 47.99 Euros
- SMITE on Xbox One will have Australian Servers with Open Beta launch next Week
- Marble Monster is intensively addicting and action packed!
- ROCCAT Announces Taito Control Gaming Mousepad
- Lite-On Introduces Low Latency M.2 PCIe SSDs for Cloud Vendors


text:
Braun Burgers
4 Sep 2009
This Braunburgers surprises you with the flavors packed into it. For those who loves the strong taste of the deadly combination of beef and liver sausages, this is defintely the dish for you. Try this for once, I bet, you will get a lot of compliments for this one!!
|Ground beef
|1 Pound
|Braunschweiger sausage
|1⁄4 Pound (Liver)
|Dairy sour cream
|1⁄4 Cup (4 tbs)
|Finely chopped onion
|2 Tablespoon
Mix all ingredients.
Shape mixture into 5 patties, about 3/4 inch thick.
Broil or grill 4 inches from heat, turning once, to desired doneness, 10 to 15 minutes
Rate It
0 Comments
Braun Burgers Recipe


text:
Sydney yacht charter/management specialist SailCorp is offering off-season service and mooring packages for yachts from its Lavender Bay base, North Sydney.
SailCorp Yacht Charters Sydney Harbour
Recognising the need for yacht owners to keep their boats turning over, aired-out, and clean in the low-use winter months, SailCorp has created full yacht management and tailored packages that provide peace of mind to owners.
The mooring and service packages can include a full-time or short-term mooring in Lavender Bay (for vessels up to 20m) along with a variety of regular checks and services such as bilge and through-hull inspections, engine fluid checks, battery level checks, engine start-up and 'loaded running' service, in-water hull scrubs, deck scrubbing, water tank refills and coach-house/superstructure polishing.
SailCorp managing director Fraser Vickers said many yachts suffer in the off-season as owners often can't find the time to check their vessel and perform these crucial system checks and tests.
'Most boaters have experienced the smell of a boat that hasn't been aired for a few months… just being opened once a week can make all the difference,' Mr Vickers said.
'An engine that doesn't run for two or three months can develop various problems simply through lack of use.
'Leaks can happen at any moment, batteries can discharge meaning bilge pumps won't work and the weather will harm a boat's gelcoat if it's not kept clean.
'It's also important to do things like run the engine under load and spin the shaft and/or prop to ensure it remains free of too much growth.
'In some ways you have to think of a boat as a living thing that needs care to keep happy… these are simple things to do but take time that many owners don't have in the winter season.'
SailCorp's professional team can also facilitate shipwright and mechanical work, slipping and antifoul, rigging inspections and insurance surveys.
SailCorp Yacht Charters Sydney Harbour - winter yacht maintenance and moorings
Monthly packages for the yacht management service start from $150 and one-off servicing is also available by request. Tailored packages can be arranged based on an owner's specific needs.
Contact SailCorp on 02 9955 2537 or email info(at)sailcorp.com.au for more information.


text:
product details-Tab
The SinkAid™ is Stylish & Easy to Clean
The stylish design fits neatly inside the sink and organizes a variety of washing equipment. Integrated drain holes in the base allow any excess water or soap to drain conveniently away. The SinkAid includes suction cups and top grip to secure to the inside of the sink. Also includes space for a dish brush, a sponge draining compartment and a dishcloth hanging rail. The entire unit can be dismantled for easy cleaning.
©Joseph Joseph


text:
We offer discount to nonprofits, government agencies, and federal contractors
In just the last two weeks, congressional calls to #EndFamilyDetention have turned the tide of momentum significantly.
AILA Doc No. 10093062 | Dated September 30, 2010 | File Size: 293 KDownload the Document
AILA 16-page summary of the Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2010 (S. 3932), introduced by Senator Menendez (D-NJ) and Senator Leahy (D-VT) on 9/29/10.
[[To print the PDF on this page please use the print function in the PDF reader.]]
Cite as AILA Doc. No. 10093062.Open the Document
American Immigration Lawyers Association
1331 G Street NW, Suite 300
Washington, DC 20005
Copyright © 1993-2015
American Immigration Lawyers Association.


text:
An antibiotic impregnated fracture fixation device and antibiotic impregnated drug delivery polymer are provided. In a preferred embodiment, a homogenous mixture of thermally melted poly(lactic) acid and at least one antibiotic and/or antibacterial agent are employed.
1. A device for treating a fractured bone, comprising a fracture fixation device comprising a pre-formed composite consisting essentially of a homogenous mixture of thermally melted poly(lactic) acid and at least one antibiotic and/or antibacterial agent selected quinoline antibiotics.
2. The fracture fixation device of claim 1 wherein said antibiotic and/or antibacterial agent comprises ciprofloxacin.
3. The fracture fixation device of claim 2 wherein said poly(lactic)acid has an average molecular size ranging from between about 2 to 100 kDa and ciprofloxacin comprises about 5 to 30% (w/w) of said device.
4. The fracture fixation device of claim 3 wherein said poly(lactic) acid has an average molecular size of about 2 kDa and iprofloxacin comprises about 10% (w/w) of said device.
5. The fracture fixation device of claim 3 wherein said poly(lactic) acid has an average molecular size of about 50 kDa and ciprofloxacin comprises about 30% (w/w) of said device.
6. The fracture fixation device of claim 2 further comprising a plate, rod, or pin upon which said composite of thermally melted poly(lactic) acid and ciprofloxacin is concentrically layered.
7. The fracture fixation device of claim 6 wherein the plate, rod, or pin is metallic.
8. The fracture fixation device of claim 1 wherein the composite is in the form of a rod.
9. The fracture fixation device of claim 1 wherein the homogenous mixture is in the form of a plate.
10. The fracture fixation device of claim 1 wherein the homogenous mixture is in the form of a pin.
11. A device for treating a fractured bone, comprising a fracture fixation device consisting essentially of a homogenous mixture of thermally melted poly(lactic) acid having an average molecular size of from 50-100 kDA and ciprofloxacin selected from the group consisting of quinoline and aminoglycoside antibiotics.
12. The fracture fixation device of claim 11 wherein the device is in the form of a rod.
13. The fracture fixation device of claim 11 wherein the device is in the form of a plate.
14. The fracture fixation device of claim 11 wherein the device is in the form of a pin.
Despite the advent of many new antibiotics, osteomyelitis, in particular, chronic osteomyelitis, continues to represent a medical dilemma. Osteomyelitis is a bone infection caused by pyrogenic microorganisms, most commonly, Staphylococcus aureus. Infection may reach the bone directly, for example, through the blood stream or by direct extension from infections in adjacent structures. Very often, infection reaches the bone via compound (open) fracture.
Infection may be introduced to a compound fracture at the time of surgery, but more often, the infection is a result of contamination of the open fracture. It is estimated that 60-70% of open fractures are contaminated with various types of bacterial organisms prior to any surgical or antibiotic therapy. The growth of microorganisms in an open fracture environment is enhanced by the impaired vascularity, avascular bone fragments, and loss of skeletal stability. The majority of bacteria cultured from such wounds are either normal skin flora, for example, Staphylococcus aureus, Propionibacterium, or Cornybacterium, or environmental contaminants, for example, Clostridium, Pseudomonas, or Mycobacterium. In addition, nosocomial bacteria may colonize in the wound after hospital admission.
Infection may seriously complicate the healing process. Infections are the primary cause of non-union and bony instability following open fractures. Thus, the clinical objective in the treatment of open fractures is not only to stabilize osseous structures, but also to prevent soft tissue and bony infections.
There is a vast array of treatment options for stabilizing open fractures, including external and internal fixation methods. Although external fixation devices have, in theory, a lower potential for infection, statistically the rate of infection following external fixation ranges from 3.5-30%. This rate is comparable to the incidence of infection using internal fixation techniques and antibiotics. In addition, external fixation procedures are fraught with other potential complications. For example, long periods of external pin fixation often result in pin loosening, pin tract infections, and increased incidence of malunion and non-union.
Alternatively, compound fractures may be fixed internally, for example, with plates or intramedullary rods. Such procedures were initially unpopular despite the excellent skeletal fixation because of the increased infection potential with the introduction of a metallic foreign body into the human body. However, stabilization of the open fracture site is critical for local wound healing and the resolution of a potentially infected wound. The stability provided by internal fixation devices far outweighs the disadvantages of the potentially infected foci. As a result, use of internal fixation devices is increasing.
Empiric utilization of antibiotic therapy has been shown to be extremely important in reducing the incidence of infection. The prognosis of patients undergoing antimicrobial therapy is determined by the bactericidal level of antibiotics at the locale of the infected foci. A persistent problem with treating any localized infection by systemic administration of antibiotics is that the relationship between the assayed serum antibiotic concentration and the level present at the infected foci is inconsistent, especially when the foci is traumatized tissue. Antibiotic concentrations are often subtherapeutic due to impaired vascularity at the fracture site, devitalized bony fragments, and/or associated systemic complications. The situation is compounded by the anaerobic conditions of the infected foci that further decrease the effectiveness of antibiotics. Consequently, high doses of parenteral antibiotics must often be used to achieve adequate local concentrations. The high doses are not only costly, but also increase the incidence of systemic side effects, for example, ototoxicity or nephrotoxicity.
The treatment of osteomyelitis due to compound fracture or other cause, often fails due to the inability to achieve adequate antibiotic levels at the infected foci. As a result, the patient may experience many episodes of recurrence and sepsis.
As can be seen from the foregoing, there is a need for materials and methods which enable clinicians to achieve a therapeutically effective concentration of antibiotic at the infected foci. Local therapy methods include local injection, closed irrigation and suction, implantable antibiotic pumps and antibiotic impregnated beads. Tsukayama et al., Orthopedics, 11:1285 (Sept. 1988) disclose an example of a non-degradable implant using polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) beads containing an antibiotic to achieve local concentrations of particular antibiotics at the site of infection. Three of the antibiotics tested, vancomycin, teicoplanin and ciprofloxacin, were found to be active against staphylococci under anaerobic conditions. However, a significant problem with any non-degradable implant is that once the implant is spent, it must be removed.
Accordingly, an implantable biodegradable delivery system is preferred because there is no need for subsequent procedures to remove the implant system. Further, such systems are able to localize the concentration of antibiotic to the area of infection, for example, the bone, while avoiding problems associated with administering high doses of antibiotic systemically.
A few biodegradable drug delivery systems have recently been suggested for the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis. Lin et al., "Evaluation of a biodegradable drug delivery system for chronic osteomyelitis," 38th Annual Meeting, ORS, Washington D.C., Feb. 17-20, 1992; Robinson et al., "Preparation and degradation of a biodegradable gentamycin delivery system for the treatment of osteomyelitis," 38th Annual Meeting, ORS, Washington D.C., Feb. 17-20, 1992; Garvin, et al., "Treatment of Canine Osteomyelitis with a Biodegradable Antibiotic Implant," 38th Annual Meeting, ORS, Washington D.C., Feb. 17-20, 1992; Wei et al., "A bioabsorbable delivery system for antibiotic treatment of osteomyelitis," J. Bone Joint Surg. 73B:246-52 (1991). However, such delivery systems have not been demonstrated to be appropriate for use with antibiotics demonstrated to be effective under anaerobic conditions in bones in pathological states.
For example, Wei et al., disclose that a biodegradable carrier of D,L-lactic acid oligomer having an average molecular weight of 9000 can be combined in its powder form with the antibiotic dideoxykanamycin B to form a small rod (approximately 3 mm in diameter by 10 mm in length) to be implanted into a bone via a burr hole made in the bone for the purpose of implanting the rod therein. J. Bone Joint Surg. 73(B):246 (Mar. 1991). However, testing was not conducted on bones in various pathological states. Further, the efficacy of this system for use with any of the antibiotics shown by Tsukayama et al., to be effective under anaerobic conditions similar to those found in infected bone has not been demonstrated. To the contrary, Weston et. al. (37th Annual Meeting, Orthopaedic Research Soc'y, Mar. 4-7, 1991, Anaheim, CA), disclose that ciprofloxacin, an antibiotic demonstrated to be effective under anaerobic conditions, is incompletely released from an implant using poly(L-lactide) as a carrier. Thus, the references suggest that a poly(1-lactide)-ciprofloxacin implant would not be effective for the treatment of osteomyelitis.
There is a heretofore unmet need for biodegradable drug delivery systems that are appropriate for use with compromised bone, for example, fractured bone. Such delivery systems preferably combine an antibiotic efficient under anaerobic conditions, for example an aminoglycoside antibiotic or quinolone, especially ciprofloxacin, with a biodegradable carrier to form an intramedullary rod for use in the reduction of open fractures as well as the prevention and/or treatment of infection.
Provided herein are novel biodegradable drug delivery systems that are appropriate for use with compromised bone, for example, open or closed fracture bones. The drug delivery systems may comprise antibiotic impregnated fracture fixation devices that combine an antibiotic effective under anaerobic conditions, for example an aminoglycoside antibiotic or quinolone, especially ciprofloxacin, with a biodegradable carrier. The drug delivery systems may also comprise a coating of antibiotic biodegradable drug delivery polymer that may be applied to a fracture fixation system. One particular advantage of the biodegradable drug delivery systems of this invention is that they may be used for the reduction of compound fractures as well as for the prevention and/or treatment of infection.
Also provided herein are methods for forming the biodegradable drug delivery systems of this invention and methods for using the same.
Biodegradable drug delivery systems of this invention may comprise antibiotic impregnated fracture fixation devices or may comprise antibiotic impregnated drug delivery polymers. Antibiotic impregnated fracture fixation devices of this invention comprise biodegradable drug delivery devices for use in internal fixation procedures. The fracture fixation devices are a combination of a biodegradable carrier, for example, poly(lactic) acid (PLA), and at least one antibiotic which is effective under anaerobic conditions, for example an aminoglycoside antibiotic or quinolone, especially ciprofloxacin. The fracture fixation devices may take various forms including, for example, rod, pin or plate forms, and may be used for the reduction of compound fractures, as well as to prevent or treat infection. The fracture fixation devices may be inserted intraosseously by techniques known in the art.
In a preferred embodiment, the fracture fixation devices comprise 5 to 30% (w/w) antibiotic and either 2, 50 or 100 kDa PLA. Such devices may be generated by combining the antibiotic with thermally melted PLA (250� C.) to yield a homogenous mixture. The amount of antibiotic and/or molecular weight of PLA may be varied to provide devices that will release antibiotic for varying lengths of time. Suitable antibiotics include aminoglycoside antibiotics and quinolones. In a particularly preferred embodiment the antibiotic is ciprofloxacin. The homogenous mixture of antibiotic and thermally melted PLA is pressure injected into molds and allowed to cool to 20� C. Prior to cooling, the melted composite may be inserted with a support, for example, a metallic plate, rod or pin to enhance mechanical strength. In such instances, the homogenous mixture of antibiotic and thermally melted PLA forms a concentric layer of biodegradable drug delivery system around the support.
The length and diameter of such fracture fixation devices may be varied according to need. The size and shape is varied and determined by the type of bone fractured. The size of the mold is varied to achieve devices of various length and diameter and various configurations, including pin, plate and rod configurations. The mold may comprise various materials, for example, stainless steel or aluminum cast. In a preferred embodiment, the mold comprises Teflon.
The duration of antibiotic release necessary for the treatment of various medical conditions may be varied by using different molecular weights of the polymer and/or varying the amount of antibiotic (w/w). For example, the length of antibiotic therapy for open fracture varies between one and two weeks. In a preferred embodiment for the treatment of an open fracture, a fraction fixation device comprising about 10% w/w Ciprofloxacin and 2 Kda PLA provides an antibiotic release rate that would be appropriate for the duration of time necessary to treat an open fracture.
For the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis, many physicians recommend four to six weeks of parenteral antibiotic therapy. In a preferred embodiment for the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis, a fraction fixation device comprising about 30% w/w Ciprofloxacin and 50 kDa PLA provides sustained antibiotic release for the recommended length of time.
The drug delivery systems may also comprise a composite comprising antibiotic impregnated drug delivery polymer that may be applied to or coated on a fracture fixation system. Antibiotic impregnated polymers are a combination of a biodegradable carrier, for example, PLA, and at least one antibiotic. The size of the fracture fixation system is determined by the size of the fractured bone, which size may vary in accordance with the size and age of the patient. The form of the fracture fixation system may also be varied in accordance with need.
In a preferred embodiment the antibiotic impregnated drug delivery polymer comprises a composite wherein the % antibiotic on a w/w basis may range from between about 5 to 30%, with the optimal percentage about 30%. The molecular size of Poly(lactic) acid (PLA) may range from between about 2 to 100 kDa., with the preferred size of about 50 kDa. The composite may be formed by combining the antibiotic, preferably ciprofloxacin, with thermally melted PLA to yield homogenous mixture to be applied to the fracture fixation system for insertion at the infected foci.
For example, in an open tibia fracture, an intramedullary rod comprising a rod with a concentric layer of the composite coated thereon may be inserted intraosseously by techniques known in the art. In an open forearm fracture, a layer of the composite may be coated on a fracture fixation plate and placed subperiosteally by fracture fixation techniques known in the art.
Further variations and modifications of the aforementioned can, of course, be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as disclosed herein, and those skilled in the art will recognize multiple utilizations of the present invention that are within the scope of this disclosure.
The efficacy of the PLA-ciprofloxacin composite in vivo was evaluated as follows. Chronic osteomyelitis was induced in the tibia of 18 New Zealand white rabbits using 1.0�106 cfu of S. aureus. After 21 days, the infected foci were treated surgically with debridement and irrigation. After debridement and irrigation, the experimental group (n=12) was implanted with PLA-ciprofloxacin composite (400 mg) while the control group (n=6) was implanted with PLA (without ciprofloxacin) of similar weight. Bone samples were obtained and bacteria concentrations were determined.
One control animal did not develop an established chronic osteomyelitis and one experimental animal died of unrelated causes; upon autopsy, the operated tibia demonstrated healing with no abscesses. Qualitative assessment, bacteria quantification, and roentgenographic examination were performed. Qualitative grading demonstrated a difference between the two respective groups. None of the rabbits in the experimental group contained an abscess with sinus formation while 4 of 5 controls did. Eight of the 11 animals in the experimental group revealed sterile cultures, 2 demonstrated negligible bacteria counts (5 cfu/mg and 6 cfu/mg). One experimental animal showed a 93% reduction (from 3.64�105 prior to treatment to 2.63�105 cfu/mg) in bacteria count. This compares favorably to the control group in which 3 animals showed a 3-11 fold increase in bacteria concentration and 1 animal had a count similar to that prior to treatment. None of the 5 controls demonstrated sterility of the infected foci. Results from roentgenographic analysis were similar to the clinical and bacteriologic results. Ciprofloxacin was determined in the tibia of 4 of the 11 animals in the experimental group (mean concentration 9.2 μg/ml). Successful growth of bacteria on sterile serial dilution plates was used as a positive control.
In vivo experiments were conducted in 28 New Zealand white rabbits (2-2.5 kg). PLA-ciprofloxacin implants were inserted intraosseously in the proximal tibia. Levels of ciprofloxacin in cortical bone, cancellous bone, and bone marrow specimens were quantitated over distance from the implant from 4 days to 8 weeks. Serum, muscle, liver and urine concentrations of ciprofloxacin were also obtained concurrently.
The results show that local ciprofloxacin concentrations were greater than the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) forty millimeters beyond the implant site up to eight weeks. Bone marrow ciprofloxacin concentration demonstrated a decreasing gradient over distance as well as time. Cortical levels of ciprofloxacin showed similar results, but demonstrated slightly lower concentrations over the same distance and time. Systemic tissue (serum, muscle and liver) ciprofloxacin levels were undetectable in all specimens.
In vitro experiments were conducted to determine the optimal percentage of ciprofloxacin and the optimal molecular weight of PLA. Composites of 5, 10 and 30% ciprofloxacin and 2, 50 and 100 kDa. PLA were generated by combining ciprofloxacin with thermally melted PLA to yield homogeneous 150 mg implants. The implants were incubated in 10 ml 0.9% NaCl at 37� C. for approximately 5 weeks, drawing 1 ml aliquots at intervals to determine in vitro release kinetics. Aliquots were stored at 0� C. and a microbiologic disc diffusion assay was performed to quantitate release. Sample and standards were added to a 6 mm disc and placed on LB Agar containing a lawn of S. Aureus. The diameter of the zone of inhibition was measured. The breakpoint sensitivity limit of ciprofloxacin was less than 1.0 μg/ml.
The in vitro assay demonstrated an initial burst followed by sustained release of ciprofloxacin over 30 days. The release rate decreased with the increasing molecular weight of PLA and increased with the percent incorporation of ciprofloxacin. The release of ciprofloxacin over 30 days ranged from 5% (10%; 100 kDa.), 10% (10%; 50 kDa.), and 70.4% (10%, 2 kDa.). The PLA-ciprofloxacin composite of 30% ciprofloxacin and 50 kDa. PLA demonstrated an average release of 20% by day 14 and 50% by day 30. This composite combination was used for in vivo analysis.
Patent Citations
Non-Patent Citations
Referenced by
Legal Events
Original Image