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2011 All-Sophomore Team
Defense & Special Teams
CFN All-Freshman Teams
2010 CFN All-Freshman Team |
CFN All-Freshman Team
- 2008 CFN All-Freshman
Team |
CFN All-Freshman Team
- 2006
CFN All-Freshman Team |
CFN All-Freshman Team
- 2004
CFN All-Freshman Team
Write-ups By
Richard Cirminiello
- 2011 CFN Freshman All-America
Defensive Sophomore of the Year: CB Tyrann Mathieu, LSU
DE Barkevious Mingo , LSU – Built like an end, Mingo covers the field with the speed of a safety. Lightning-quick for a 6-5, 240-pounder, he gets off the snap in an instant, and into the backfield before blockers can get a hat on him. One of those freakish athletic specimens that the Tigers have a habit of signing, he turned 41 tackles, 13.5 stops for loss and eight sacks into All-SEC Second Team recognition in his debut as a starter.
DT Michael Brockers , LSU – Brockers arrived at LSU as a 245-pound end, but his body had a different position in mind. Now, the 6-6, 310-pounder isn't quite as quick as he was coming out of Chavez (Tex.) High School, but he still has the requisite lateral speed and get-off to disrupt the rhythm of opposing backfields. The Second Team All-SEC selection has 47 tackles and 9.5 stops for loss, and with another year of seasoning on the inside, could be NFL-ready by the end of his junior season.
DT Johnathan Hankins , Ohio State – Hankins does things on the inside as a 340-pounder that defy common sense. He's massive, yet light on his feet, maintaining his stance long enough to occupy multiple blockers. Far more than just a space-eater, the honorable mention All-Big Ten pick carries his size well, and has racked up 64 tackles, 11 behind the line and three sacks. The NFL has a spot for players like Hankins, who can wreak havoc from the interior.
DE Sam Montgomery , LSU – Montgomery and Mingo have formed a dynamic bookend in Baton Rouge, regularly collapsing the pocket around opposing quarterbacks. The gifted all-around athlete made a triumphant return from last season's knee injury by making 44 stops, 13 tackles for loss and nine sacks. Blessed with explosive closing speed, the All-SEC Second Team pick can also use his brute strength to get underneath the pads of blockers, bullying them back into the backfield.
LB Denicos Allen , Michigan State – Allen—and fellow sophomore Max Bullough—were key reasons why the Spartans hardly skipped a beat at a corps gutted by graduations. Allen was used as a hybrid, with the athleticism to rush the passer on blitzes or seamlessly drop back into coverage. He's basically a guided missile from strongside, earning All-Big Ten Second Team honors by making 78 tackles, 17 stops for minus yards and 10 touchdowns. A freelancer, he's difficult for opposing coordinators to account for and contain.
LB Chris Borland , Wisconsin – Borland returned with a vengeance from a shoulder injury that cut short his 2010 campaign before it ever got off the ground. A blue-collar throwback and heart-and-soul type defender in the middle, he'll do whatever it takes to help his Badgers to a victory. Providing a punishing and dependable presence from the second level, the All-Big Ten first teamer has tallied 131 tackles, 18 stops for loss and a couple of picks, with a Rose Bowl left to be played.
LB Jarvis Jones , Georgia – Turns out you can go home again. Columbus, Ga. native Jones, who began his career at USC, returned to his native state in time for the 2011 season. And the Bulldogs couldn't be happier with the decision. He exploded on to the scene in his Athens debut, turning 69 tackles, 19.5 stops for loss and 13.5 sacks into All-SEC and All-American honors. The ferocious hitter is most dangerous when he pins his ears, and makes a bee-line toward the other team's backfield.
CB David Amerson , NC State – Few players shed their anonymity faster than Amerson did in 2011. Not even a household name in Raleigh when the season began, the second-year corner went on to lead the nation with an ACC-record 11 interceptions. Well-sized at 6-3 and 195 pounds, he takes good angles on throws, and has the catch radius of a top-flight wide receiver. Gobbling up picks will become a whole lot harder in 2012, as opposing quarterbacks opt to avoid No. 1 entirely.
S Tony Jefferson, Oklahoma – Part linebacker. Part safety. All over the field. Jefferson is an enforcer, making his presence felt in a multitude of different ways. The new age Roy Williams in Norman is a 5-10, 200-pound warden of the second and third levels, roaming the secondary as he looks for someone to tattoo. An honorable mention All-Big 12 choice in his second year, he has 67 tackles, 7.5 for loss, 4.5 sacks and an OU-high four interceptions.
S Eric Reid , LSU – If he didn't play in the same defensive backfield as Tyrann Mathieu and Morris Claiborne, Reid wouldn't be such an unknown entity around the country. The rest of the SEC, however, knows him all too well. The 6-2, 208-pounder has started to draw comparisons to former Tiger star LaRon Landry, defending the pass as well as he fills running lanes. One of the heroes of the Nov. 5 Alabama win, the All-SEC Second Team choice ranks second on the team with 65 tackles.
CB Tyrann Mathieu , LSU – Mathieu has blossomed into one of the most exciting and influential defenders to play at this level in a long, long time. The quintessential ball-hawk out of the secondary has a unique ability to completely alter the tempo of a game with his frenetic style of play, both on defense and special teams. The All-American and Bednarik Award winner has made a team-high 70 stops, two picks, five fumble recoveries and six forced fumbles. He has also scored four touchdowns, putting a Deion-like stamp on the Tigers' last two crucial wins over Arkansas and Georgia.
Special Teams
PK Chandler Catanzaro , Clemson – The former walk-on became an unheralded cog in the Tigers' conference championship run, booting the game-winner over Wake Forest that locked up the Atlantic Division. For the year, Catanzaro was 20-of-25 on field goals to earn a spot on the All-ACC Second Team.
P Steven Clark , Auburn – Clark did about as good a job as he could in his debut as the successor to Ryan Shoemaker. Or better. In his first season as a regular, he was one of three finalists for the Ray Guy Award, which is given to the nation's top punter. Although he averaged a modest 40.5 yards per attempt, his booming hang time and directionals allowed the opposition to return only 10 of his 69 punts.
Second Team
DE William Gholston , Michigan State
DT Sharrif Floyd , Florida
DT Nikita Whitlock , Wake Forest
DE Corey Lemonier , Auburn
LB Jonathan Brown , Illinois
LB Max Bullough, Michigan State
LB Khalil Mack , Buffalo
CB E.J. Gaines , Missouri
S C.J. Barnett , Ohio State
S Isaiah Lewis , Michigan State
CB Nickell Robey , USC
Special Teams
PK Andrew Furney , Washington State
P Brian Schmiedebusch , Bowling Green
Honorable Mention
DE: Nordly Capi (Colorado State), J.R. Collins (Virginia Tech), Aaron Donald (Pittsburgh), Ben Gardner (Stanford), James Gayle (Virginia Tech), Ryne Giddins (South Florida), Stansly Maponga (TCU), Kareem Martin (North Carolina), Ronald Powell (Florida), Bjoern Werner (Florida State)
DT: Dominique Easley (Florida), Taylor Hart (Oregon), Bryan Jones (Arkansas), Bennie Logan (LSU), Louis Nix (Notre Dame), Roosevelt Nix (Kent State), Nathan Ollie (Ball State), Akeem Spence (Illinois), Will Sutton (Arizona State)
LB: Jeremiah Attaochu (Georgia Tech), Preston Brown (Louisville), Winston Fraser (Florida International), Andrew Jackson (Western Kentucky), Shawn Jackson (Tulsa), Jelani Jenkins (Florida), Christian Kirksey (Iowa), Jarek Lancaster (Stanford), DeDe Lattimore (South Florida), Art Laurel (Hawaii), Shaun Lewis (Oklahoma State), Mike Marry (Ole Miss), Kevin Minter (LSU), Damontre Moore (Texas A&M), Aaron Morris (Ball State), James Morris (Iowa), C.J. Mosley (Alabama), Trent Murphy (Stanford), Corey Nelson (Oklahoma), Kevin Pierre-Louis (Boston College), Trevor Reilly (Utah), Keith Smith (San Jose State), Marquis Spruill (Syracuse), Kyle Van Noy (BYU), Tom Wort (Oklahoma)
CB: Ricardo Allen (Purdue), Carrington Byndom (Texas), Darqueze Dennard (Michigan State), Deven Drane (Cincinnati), Kyle Fuller (Virginia Tech), L.J. Jones (Fresno State), Dee Milliner (Alabama), Logan Ryan (Rutgers), Tharold Simon (LSU), Deron Wilson (Southern Miss),
S: Brian Blechen (Utah), Terrance Bullitt (Texas Tech), Aaron Colvin (Oklahoma), Darwin Cook (West Virginia), Jacorious Cotton (Southern Miss), Ahmad Dixon (Baylor), Matt Elam (Florida), Antone Exum (Virginia Tech), Sam Holl (Baylor), Isaiah Johnson (Georgia Tech), Lamarcus Joyner (Florida State), Daytawion Lowe (Oklahoma State), Demetruce McNeal (Auburn), Charles Sawyer (Ole Miss), Johnnie Simon (Western Michigan), Hakeem Smith (Louisville), Jason Verrett (TCU), Andrew Wilson (Missouri), Ty Zimmerman (Kansas State),
PK: Drew Basil (Ohio State), Chris Boswell (Rice), Anthony Fera (Penn State), Ross Krautman (Syracuse), Mike Meyer (Iowa), Mathew Sims (Northern Illinois)
P: Dalton Botts (Miami), Ryan Erxleben (Texas Tech), Richie Leone (Houston), Kirby Van Der Kamp (Iowa State), Cole Wagner (Connecticut), Cody Webster (Purdue)
- 2011 CFN Freshman All-America


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Kanichi Animation
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text:
Crawling their way out
Warmer weather wakes snakes
With warm temperatures and soft rain, spring is helping nature slither a little closer to home than some people may want.
Animal Services Director Katrena Mitchell said her department "most definitely" is seeing an increase in snake reports this year.
She said it is a little early for the snakes to be coming out, but this fair weather emergence is fairly routine.
Most are harmless snakes such as grass, bull or rat snakes, but there have been a couple reports of rattlesnakes.
Mitchell said many rattlesnake reports turn out to be bull snakes because they imitate rattlesnakes as a defense mechanism.
The animal control center tracks snake bites but reports from United Regional Health Care System said a few have already been reported this year. One report involved a rattlesnake bite on a young girl.
Mitchell said it is always best to leave a snake alone because when people interact with the snake they can get bitten.
If a person sees a snake on their property, they should try to not bother it and let it slither away.
If it is in the house or might be poisonous snake, call the animal control center at 940-761-7824.
Mitchell said because snakes are looking for mice and rats to feed on, keeping yards groomed and bird feeders clean of debris helps discourage snakes from lurking on your property.
Cover large pools, and drain children's pools because snakes also can get trapped while looking for water or a place to cool off.
Monday morning, animal control picked up a 4-foot-long nonvenomous rat snake that was found swimming at Castaway Cove water park.
Nonvenomous snakes are relocated to a less populated area if they are picked up by animal control. Poisonous ones get euthanized.
"We can't take the risk of a citizen or family member getting bit," Mitchell said.
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Last Friday night, Joey Bada$$ made his television debut on Late Night with Jimmy Fallon. Backed by The Roots, the Brooklyn young gun performed "Waves" from his 1999 mixtape. Along with his Pro Era crew, Joey will release a new tape on December 21st.
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text:
A conjugate multilobal fiber and a fabric made therefrom is provided. The fiber comprises at least two polymers arranged with at least one polymer occupying a portion of the fiber and at least one other polymer having a lower melting point than the first portion polymer occupying an outer portion of the fiber. The polymers can be arranged in a number of configurations depending on the planned use of the web.
1. A conjugate multilobal fiber having an average diameter larger than 7 microns, where said fiber has a cross-section comprised of a central core having lobes projecting therefrom each of said lobes having a leg and a cap, the legs of each of said lobes intersecting at the center of said core, said fiber further comprising at least two polymers wherein said polymers are arranged with a first polymer occupying s portion of said fiber and at least one second polymer having a lower melting point than said first polymer occupying an outer portion of said fiber.
2. The fiber of claim 1 wherein said first polymer is polypropylene and said second polymer is a polyolefin having a lower melting point than polypropylene and wherein said fiber can hold liquid adjacent said lobes.
3. The fiber of claim 1 wherein said first polymer is polypropylene and said second polymer is an adhesive polymer having a lower melting point than polypropylene and wherein said fiber can hold liquid adjacent said lobes.
4. The fiber of claim 1 wherein said cap has an outer edge and said second polymer occupies said outer edge of said caps.
5. The conjugate multilobal spunbond fiber of claim 1 said first and second polymers each occupy caps and legs in approximately a mirror image of each other.
6. The conjugate multilobal spunbond fiber of claim 1 wherein said fibers have three lobes.
7. The conjugate multilobal spunbond fiber of claim 1 wherein said fibers have four lobes.
This invention relates generally to thermoplastic resin nonwoven filaments or fibers and fabrics or webs which are formed from the fibers, and laminates using a web as a component. The fabric may be used as a filter and in personal care product applications as, for example, a diaper outercover or a liner for feminine hygiene products. Various treatment chemicals may be applied to the fabric to enhance certain properties.
Thermoplastic resins have been extruded to form fibers, fabrics and webs for a number of years. The most common thermoplastics for this application are polyolefins, particularly polypropylene. Other materials such as polyesters, polyetheresters, polyamides and polyurethanes are also used to form nonwoven fabrics, like for example, spunbond fabrics.
Nonwoven fabrics or webs are useful for a wide variety of applications such as components of diapers, feminine hygiene products, towels, recreational or protective fabrics and as geotextiles and filter media. The nonwoven webs used in these applications may be simply spunbond fabrics but are often in the form of nonwoven fabric laminates like spunbond/spunbond (SS) laminates or spunbond/meltblown/spunbond (SMS) laminates which are defined herein.
As filter media, some of the desired characteristics of nonwoven fabrics are that they be permeable to the fluid being filtered yet have a high filtration efficiency. Permeability to the fluid being filtered is quite important as low permeability could result in a high pressure drop across the filter requiring a higher, and hence more costly, energy input into the filtered fluid and a shortening of filter life.
High filtration efficiency is, of course, the main purpose for a filter and great efficiency and ability to maintain the efficiency at an acceptable level are keys to filter performance. In addition, specific properties of filter media such as odor control are important. This is true in the developing field of filtration of transportation vehicle cabin air where the vehicle may travel through various industrial areas and be exposed to a multitude of odors. Removing these odors from the air the passengers breathe is an objective of this evolving field of filtration. Such filters may also be used in air filtration for home or commercial heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. While filters using this invention are directed mainly to air filtration, other gasses may be filtered as well.
It has been found that by shaping fibers in an unusual way, odor treatment chemicals may be applied to the fibers and will remain in place longer than on conventional round fibers. In addition, the inventors have found that by making parts of the fiber from different polymers, the density, bonding and other characteristics of the fabric may be easily controlled.
It is an object of this invention to provide spunbond polyolefin nonwoven fibers for use in a fabric or web which have a unique shape, are made from a variety of of polymers and which can be made into a fabric or web having controllable density and good bondability. It is a further object to provide a web having the ability to be impregnated with odor control chemicals and presenting the odor capturing chemicals to a stream of air being filtered.
The objectives of this invention are met by a conjugate multilobal spunbond fiber comprising at least two polymers where the fibers have lobes and each lobe has legs and caps, and the polymers are arranged with a first polymer occupying a portion of the fiber and at least one second polymer having a lower melting point than the first polymer occupying another portion of the fiber. The fibers may be crimped by the application of heated air, may be split into smaller fibers and may be made into a fabric or web by bonding them together, by, for example, through-air bonding. The web may be treated with surfactants and impregnated with odor treating chemicals and may be electret treated.
FIG. 1 is a schematic drawing of an apparatus for producing the fibers of this invention. FIGS. 2, 3, 4, and 5 are cross-sectional views of fibers forming the web of this invention.
As used herein the term "nonwoven fabric or web" means a web having a structure of individual fibers or threads which are interlaid, but not in an identifiable manner as in a knitted fabric. Nonwoven fabrics or webs have been formed from many processes such as, for example, meltblowing processes, spunbonding processes, and bonded carded web processes. The basis weight of nonwoven fabrics is usually expressed in ounces of material per square yard (osy) or grams per square meter (gsm) and the fiber diameters useful are usually expressed in microns. (Note that to convert from osy to gsm, multiply osy by 33.91).
As used herein the term "microfibers" means small diameter fibers having an average diameter not greater than about 75 microns, for example, having an average diameter of from about 0.5 microns to about 50 microns, or more particularly, microfibers may have an average diameter of from about 2 microns to about 40 microns. Another frequently used expression of fiber diameter is denier, which is defined as grams per 9000 meters of a fiber and may be calculated as fiber diameter in microns squared, multiplied by the density in grams/cc, multiplied by 0.00707. A lower denier indicates a finer fiber and a higher denier indicates a thicker or heavier fiber. For example, the diameter of a polypropylene fiber given as 15 microns may be converted to denier by squaring, multiplying the result by 0.89 g/cc and multiplying by 000707. Thus, a 15 micron polypropylene fiber has a denier of about 1.42 (152 �0.89 �000707=1.415). Outside the United States the unit of measurement is more commonly the "tex", which is defined as the grams per kilometer of fiber. Tex may be calculated as denier/9. While the previous discussion fo denier is useful for round fibers, it is insufficient to properly define denier for the multilobal fibers of this invention. Multilobal fiber denier is based on fiber cross-sectional area in square microns and is calculated as D=A * p * 0.099, where D is denier, A is fiber cross-sectional are in square microns, p is the polymer density in grams/cc and 0.009 is a conversion constant. The cross-sectional area (A) is the area of polymer only, not void space, and may be ascertained by using, for example, a video micrometer, which can be used to see a magnified view of the end of a fiber.
As used herein the term "spunbonded fibers" refers to small diameter fibers which are formed by extruding molten thermoplastic material as filaments from a plurality of fine, usually circular capillaries of a spinneret with the diameter of the extruded filaments then being rapidly reduced as by, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,340,563 to Appel et al., and U.S. Pat. No. 3,692,618 to Dorschner et al., U.S. Pat. No. 3,802,817 to Matsuki et al., U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,338,992 and 3,341,394 to Kinney, U.S. Pat. No. 3,502,763 to Hartman, and U.S. Pat. No. 3,542,615 to Dobo et al. Spunbond fibers are generally not tacky when they are deposited onto a collecting surface. Spunbond fibers are generally continuous and have average diameters (using a sample size of at least 10) larger than 7 microns, more particularly, between about 10 and 25 microns.
As used herein, the term "hot air knife" or HAK means a process of pre- or primarily bonding a just produced microfiber, particularly spunbond, web in order to give it sufficient integrity, i.e. increase the stiffness of the web, for further processing, but does not mean the relatively strong bonding of secondary bonding processes like TAB, thermal bonding and ultrasonic bonding. A hot air knife is a device which focuses a stream of heated air at a very high flow rate, generally from about 1000 to about 10000 feet per minute (fpm) (305 to 3050 meters per minute), or more particularly from about 3000 to 5000 feet per minute (915 to 1525 m/min.) directed at the nonwoven web immediately after its formation. The air temperature is usually in the range of the melting point of at least one of the polymers used in the web, generally between about 200� and 550� F. (93� and 290� C.) for the thermoplastic polymers commonly used in spunbonding. The control of air temperature, velocity, pressure, volume and other factors helps avoid damage to the web while increasing its integrity. The HAK's focused stream of air is arranged and directed by at least one slot of about 1/8 to 1 inches (3 to 25 mm) in width, particularly about 3/8 inch (9.4 mm), serving as the exit for the heated air towards the web, with the slot running in a substantially cross-machine direction over substantially the entire width of the web. In other embodiments, there may be a plurality of slots arranged next to each other or separated by a slight gap. The at least one slot is usually, though not essentially, continuous, and may be comprised of, for example, closely spaced holes. The HAK has a plenum to distribute and contain the heated air prior to its exiting the slot. The plenum pressure of the HAK is usually between about 1.0 and 12.0 inches of water (2 to 22 mmHg), and the HAK is positioned between about 0.25 and 10 inches and more preferably 0.75 to 3.0 inches (19 to 76 mm) above the forming wire. In a particular embodiment the HAK plenum's cross sectional area for cross-directional flow (i.e. the plenum cross sectional area in the machine direction) is at least twice the total slot exit area. Since the foraminous wire onto which spunbond polymer is formed generally moves at a high rate of speed, the time of exposure of any particular part of the web to the air discharged from the hot air knife is less a tenth of a second and generally about a hundredth of a second in contrast with the through air bonding process which has a much larger dwell time. The HAK process has a great range of variability and controllability of many factors such as air temperature, velocity, pressure, volume, slot or hole arrangement and size, and the distance from the HAK plenum to the web.
As used herein the term "conjugate fibers" refers to fibers which have been formed from at least two polymers extruded from separate extruders but spun together to form one fiber. Conjugate fibers are also sometimes referred to as multicomponent or bicomponent fibers. The polymers are usually different from each other though conjugate fibers may be monocomponent fibers. The polymers are arranged in substantially constantly positioned distinct zones across the crossection of the conjugate fibers and extend continuously along the length of the conjugate fibers. The configuration of such a conjugate fiber may be, for example, a sheath/core arrangement wherein one polymer is surrounded by another or may be a side by side arrangement, a segmented configuration or an "islands-in-the-sea" arrangement. Conjugate fibers are taught in U.S. Pat. No. 5,108,820 to Kaneko et al., U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,336,552 and 5,482,772 to Strack et al., and U.S. Pat. No. 5,382,400 to Pike et al., hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. For two component fibers, the polymers may be present in ratios of 75/25, 50/50, 25/75 or any other desired ratios.
As used herein "thermal point bonding" involves passing a fabric or web of fibers to be bonded between a heated calender roll and an anvil roll. The calender roll is usually, though not always, patterned in some way so that the entire fabric is not bonded across its entire surface and the anvil is usually flat. As a result, various patterns for calender rolls have been developed for functional as well as aesthetic reasons. One example of a pattern is the Hansen Pennings or "H&P" pattern with between about a 5 and 50% bond area with between about 50-3200 bonds/square inch as taught in U.S. Pat. No. 3,855,046 to Hansen and Pennings. One example of the H&P pattern has square point or pin bonding areas wherein each pin has a side dimension of 0.038 inches (0.965 mm), a spacing of 0.070 inches (1.778 mm) between pins, and a depth of bonding of 0.023 inches (0.584 mm). Another typical point bonding pattern is the expanded Hansen Pennings or "EHP" bond pattern which produces about a 15% bond area with a square pin having a side dimension of 0.037 inches (0.94 mm), a pin spacing of 0,097 inches (2.464 mm) and a depth of 0.039 inches (0.991 mm). Another typical point bonding pattern designated "714" has square pin bonding areas wherein each pin has a side dimension of 0.023 inches, a spacing of 0.062 inches (1.575 mm) between pins, and a depth of bonding of 0.033 inches (0.838 mm). The resulting pattern has a bonded area of about 15%. Yet another common pattern is the C-Star pattern which has a bond area of about 16.9%. The C-Star pattern has a cross-directional bar or "corduroy" design interrupted by shooting stars. Other common patterns include a diamond pattern with repeating and slightly offset diamonds and a wire weave pattern looking as the name suggests, e.g. like a window screen. Typically, the percent bonding area varies from around 10% to around 30% of the area of the fabric laminate web. As in well known in the art, the spot bonding holds the laminate layers together as well as imparts integrity to each individual layer by bonding filaments and/or fibers within each layer.
As used herein, through air bonding or "TAB" means a process of bonding a nonwoven conjugate fiber web in which air which is sufficiently hot to melt one of the polymers of which the fibers of the web are made is forced through the web. The air velocity is normally between 100 and 500 fpm (30-152 m/min.) and the dwell time may be as long as 60 seconds. The air temperature may be between about 230� and 325� F. (110�-162� C.), depending on the melting points of the polymers used. The melting and resolidification of the polymer provides the bonding. Through-air bonding requires the melting of at least one component to accomplish bonding so it is restricted to webs with at least two components like conjugate fibers or webs which include an adhesive as fibers or in some other form.
As used herein, the term "personal care product" means diapers, training pants, absorbent underpants, adult incontinence products, and feminine hygiene products.
More and more concern in the transportation industry is focusing on the quality of air being breathed by passengers, most especially the automotive industry. Many cars for sale in the U.S. are adding "cabin air filters" to remove particulates from the passengers'air. The next generation of these filters will remove not only particulates but also odors. While some success in odor removal has come from the use of activated carbon, such filters do not provide the large capacity needed for automotive applications.
One method of controlling odors is to coat filter fibers with an odor absorbing or masking chemical. Over time, however, the effectiveness of such chemicals is reduced as they evaporate from the fiber or are carded away as entrained droplets in the filtered air.
Another method of odor control is proposed by AlliedSignal Automotive of Perryburg, Ohio, which uses trilobal monocomponent fibers believed to be those taught in U.S. Pat. No. 5,057,368. Trilobal monocomponent fibers, while an advance over past techniques do not have the processibility advantages of the instant invention.
The inventors have found that webs formed of conjugate fibers, instead of mere monocomponent fibers, and shaped in ways meant to enhance liquid retention, can provide a filter media with sufficient capacity for automotive applications and provides much greater design flexibility for the filter designer. This filter fiber has "lobes" to hold the liquid in place and the lobes are made from particular polymers which are hydrophilic or which may be treated for hydrophilicity. These fibers are spunbond fibers made from at least two polymers as conjugate fibers and have at least one lobe for holding liquid. Conjugate fibers may be split, crimped and through-air bonded. Combining the advantages of the liquid retention of multilobal fibers with the processing advantages of conjugate fiber results in a fabric having improved processibility a myriad of different webs having properties tailored to the needs of the user.
The spunbond process generally uses a hopper which supplies polymer to a heated extruder. The extruder supplies melted polymer to a spinneret where the polymer is fiberized as it passes through fine openings arranged in one or more rows in the spinneret, forming a curtain of filaments. The filaments are usually quenched with air at a low pressure, drawn, usually pneumatically and deposited on a moving foraminous mat, belt or "forming wire" to form the nonwoven web. Polymers useful in the spunbond process commonly have a process melt temperature of between about 400� F. to about 610� F. (200� C. to 320� C.).
The fibers produced in the spunbond process are usually in the range of from about 10 to about 50 microns in average diameter, depending on process conditions and the desired end use for the webs to be produced from such fibers. For example, increasing the polymer molecular weight or decreasing the processing temperature results in larger diameter fibers. Changes in the quench fluid temperature and pneumatic draw pressure can also affect fiber diameter. The fibers used in the practice of this invention usually have average diameters in the range of from about 7 to about 35 microns, more particularly from about 15 to about 25 microns.
The fibers used to produce the web of this invention are conjugate fibers. As these conjugate fibers are produced and cooled, the differing coefficients of expansion of the polymers can cause these fibers to bend and ultimately to crimp, somewhat akin to the action of the bimetallic strip in a conventional room thermostat. Crimped fibers are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,382,400 wherein fibers are crimped with the same air as is used to draw them. Sufficiently warm drawing air activates the latent helical crimp of the fibers as the fibers are produced and before they are deposited on the forming wire. Crimped fibers have an advantage over uncrimped fibers in that they produce a more bulky web which therefore increases fabric or web permeability. High permeability is a very desirable characteristic for a filter and so crimped fiber filters are more desirable than uncrimped fiber filters. Additionally, the degree of crimp can be controlled by controlling the temperature of the drawing air, thereby providing a mechanism for controlling the web density. Generally, a higher air temperature produces a higher number of crimps. This allows one to change the resulting density, pore size distribution and stiffness of the filter media web by simply adjusting the temperature of the air in the fiber draw unit.
Split or fibrillated fine fibers exhibit highly desirable properties, including textural, visual and strength properties. There are different known processes for producing split fine fibers, and in general, split fibers are produced from conjugate fibers which contain two or more incompatible polymer components or from an axially oriented film. For example, a known method for producing split fibrous structures includes the steps of forming splittable conjugate filaments into a fabric and then treating the fabric with an aqueous emulsion of benzyl alcohol or phenyl ethyl alcohol to split the conjugate filaments. Another known method has the steps of forming splittable conjugate filaments into a fibrous structure and then splitting the conjugate filaments by flexing or mechanically working the filaments in the dry state or in the presence of a hot aqueous solution. Yet another commercially utilized method for producing split fine denier fibers is a needling process. In this process, conjugate fibers are hydraulically or mechanically needled to separate the different polymer components of the conjugate fibers. Further yet another method for producing fine fibers, although it may not be a fiber splitting process, utilizes conjugate fibers that contain a solvent or water soluble polymer component. For example, a fibrous structure is produced from sheath-core conjugate fibers and then the fibrous structure is treated with a solvent that dissolves the sheath component to produce a fibrous structure of fine denier fibers of the core component. For the purposes of this invention, split conjugate fibers may be produced from any method which is effective.
The polymers suitable for the present invention include polyolefins, polyesters, polyamides, polycarbonates, polyurethanes, polyvinylchloride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polystyrene, polyethylene terephathalate, and copolymers and blends thereof. Suitable polyolefins include polyethylene, e.g., high density polyethylene, medium density polyethylene, low density polyethylene and linear low density polyethylene; polypropylene, e.g., isotactic polypropylene, syndiotactic polypropylene, blends of isotactic polypropylene and atactic polypropylene, and blends thereof; polybutylene, e.g., poly(1-butene) and poly(2-butene); polypentene, e.g., poly(1-pentene) and poly(2-pentene); poly(3-methyl-1-pentene); poly(4-methyl 1-pentene); and copolymers and blends thereof. Suitable copolymers include random and block copolymers prepared from two or more different unsaturated olefin monomers, such as ethylene/propylene and ethylene/butylene copolymers. Suitable polyamides include nylon 6, nylon 6/6, nylon 4/6, nylon 11, nylon 12, nylon 6/10, nylon 6/12, nylon 12/12, copolymers of caprolactam and alkylene oxide diamine, and the like, as well as blends and copolymers thereof. Suitable polyesters include polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polytetramethylene terephthalate, polycyclohexylene-1,4-dimethylene terephthalate, and isophthalate copolymers thereof, as well as blends thereof.
Many polyolefins are available commercially for fiber production, for example polyethylenes such as Dow Chemical's ASPUN� 6811A linear low density polyethylene, 2553 LLDPE and 25355 and 12350 high density polyethylene are such suitable polymers. The polyethylenes have melt flow rates in g/10 min. at 190� F. and a load of 2.16 kg, of about 26, 40, 25 and 12, respectively. Fiber forming polypropylenes include Exxon Chemical Company's ESCORENE� PD 3445 polypropylene and Himont Chemical Co.'s PF-304 and PF-305. Many other fiber forming polyolefins are commercially available.
Examples of polyamides and their methods of synthesis may be found in "Polymer Resins" by Don E. Floyd (Library of Congress Catalog number 66-20811, Reinhold Publishing, N.Y., 1966). Particularly commercially useful polyamides are nylon-6, nylon-6,6, nylon-11 and nylon-12. These polyamides are available from a number of sources such as Nyltech North America of Manchester, N.H., Emser Industries of Sumter, S.C. (Grilon� & Grilamid� nylons) and Atochem Inc.
Polymers Division, of Glen Rock, N.J. (Rilsan� nylons), among others. In addition, a compatible tackifying resin may be added to the extrudable compositions described above to provide tackified materials that autogenously bond or which require heat for bonding. Any tackifier resin can be used which is compatible with the polymers and can withstand the high processing (e.g., extrusion) temperatures. If the polymer is blended with processing aids such as, for example, polyolefins or extending oils, the tackifier resin should also be compatible with those processing aids. Generally, hydrogenated hydrocarbon resins are preferred tackifying resins, because of their better temperature stability. REGALREZ� and ARKON� P series tackifiers are examples of hydrogenated hydrocarbon resins. ZONATAC� 501 lite is an example of a terpene hydrocarbon. REGALREZ� hydrocarbon resins are available from Hercules Incorporated. ARKON� P series resins are available from Arakawa Chemical (USA) Incorporated. The tackifying resins such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,787,699, hereby incorporated by reference, are suitable. Other tackifying resins which are compatible with the other components of the composition and can withstand the high processing temperatures, can also be used.
It is also possible to have other materials blended in minor amounts with the polymers used to produce the nonwoven layer according to this invention like fluorocarbon chemicals to enhance chemical repellence which may be, for example, any of those taught in U.S. Pat. No. 5,178,931, fire retardants, ultraviolet radiation resistance improving chemicals and pigments to give each layer the same or distinct colors. Fire retardants and pigments for spunbond and meltblown thermoplastic polymers are known in the art and are internal additives. A pigment, e.g. TiO2, if used, is generally present in an amount less than 5 weight percentage of the layer while other materials may be present in a cumulative amount less than 25 weight percent.
Ultraviolet radiation resistance improving chemical may be, for example, hindered amines and other commercially available compounds. Hindered amines are discussed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,200,443 to Hudson and examples of such amines are Hostavin TMN 20 from American Hoescht Corporation of Somerville, N.J., Chimassorb� 944 FL from the Ciba-Geigy Corporation of Hawthorne, N.Y., Cyasorb UV-3668 from American Cyanamid Company of Wayne, N.J. and Uvasil-299 from Enichem Americas, Inc. of N.Y.
It is important that the particular polymers used for the different components of the fibers in the practice of the invention have melting points different from one another. This is important not only in producing crimped fibers but also in throughair bonding wherein the lower melting polymer bonds the fibers together to form the fabric or web. More particularly, the lower melting component must be located in an outer portion of the fiber so that it comes in contact with other fibers.
The shape of the fibers used in the practice of this invention must provide areas in which liquids may be retained. Preferred shapes are those described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,069,970 and 5,057,368 to Largman et al., hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety, which describe fibers with unconventional shapes. None of these references, however, suggest conjugate fibers or the unique advantages of such fibers in crimping, splitting, varying web pore size or bonding and which are important factors determining the usefulness of such fibers when used to create a web filter media. Its possible that the shape of fibers of 5,277,976 to Hogle et al. may also be used, though the inventors have not investigated Hogle's teachings thoroughly.
After the fibers are produced onto a forming wire with the desired degree of crimp, they are through-air bonded. Through-air bonding is preferred because it does not appreciably reduce web pore size and therefore permeability when compared, for example, to thermal point bonding. Through-air bonding creates small bonds at almost every fiber crossover point, minimally effecting the permeability of the web. Thermal point bonding by contrast results in comparatively large bonds at discrete points, compressing the web in areas around the bond points which decreases the permeability of the web. After through-air bonding the web may be electret treated. Electret treatment further increases filtration efficiency by drawing particles to be filtered toward the filter by virtue of their electrical charge. Electret treatment can be carded out by a number of different techniques. One technique is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,401,446 to Tsai et al. assigned to the University of Tennessee Research Corporation and incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Tsai describes a process whereby a web or film is sequentially subjected to a series of electric fields such that adjacent electric fields have substantially opposite polarities with respect to each other. Thus, one side of the web or film is initially subjected to a positive charge while the other side of the web or film is initially subjected to a negative charge. Then, the first side of the web or film is subjected to a negative charge and the other side of the web or film is subjected to a positive charge. Such webs are produced with a relatively high charge density without an attendant surface static electrical charge. The process may be carded out by passing the web through a plurality of dispersed non-arcing electric fields which may be varied over a range depending on the charge desired in the web. The web may be charged at a range of about 1 kVDC/cm to 12 kVDC/cm or more particularly 4 kVDC/cm to 10 kVDC/cm and still more particularly 7 kVDC/cm to about 8 kVDC/cm.
Other methods of electret treatment are known in the art such as that described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,215,682 to Kubik et al, 4,375,718 to Wadsworth, 4,592,815 to Nakao and 4,874,659 to Ando.
The fabric of this invention may be a multilayer laminate and may be formed by a number of different techniques including but not limited to using adhesive, needle punching, ultrasonic bonding, thermal calendering and through-air bonding. Such a multilayer laminate may be an embodiment wherein some of the layers are spunbond and some meltblown such as a spunbond/meltblown/spunbond (SMS) laminate as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,041,203 to Brock et al. and U.S. Pat. No. 5,169,706 to Collier, et al. or as a spunbond/spunbond may be made by sequentially depositing onto a moving conveyor belt or forming wire first a spunbond web layer, then a meltblown web layer and last another spunbond layer and then bonding the laminate in a manner described above.
Alternatively, as sequential deposition of SMS layers is a difficult process to control satisfactorily, the three web layers may be made individually. collected in rolls and combined in a separate bonding step.
The fabric may also be a laminate of spunbond fabric and scrim materials. Scrim materials provide little mass and essentially no filtration ability but do provide an additional degree of integrity or strength to the fabric. Scrims usually are fibers bonded together to produce a square pattern of openings, each of which is quite large, e.g. as much as 5 inches (127 mm) by 5 inches, though the pattern need not be exactly square. Scrims may be, for example, 3 inches (76 mm) by 2 inches (51 mm), 4 inches (101 mm) by 4 inches, and 3 inches (76 mm) by 3 inches. When a scrim is used it should be place between two other layers so that its ability to provide integrity to the fabric is maximized. Scrims may be made from any polymer known conventionally as being used for that purpose, examples include, polypropylene, ethyl vinyl acetate (EVA), polyamides, polyurethane, polybutylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polyethylene terephathalate, and polytetrafluoroethylene.
Turning to FIG. 1, a process line 10 for preparing an embodiment of the present invention is disclosed. The process line 10 is arranged to produce conjugate continuous filaments, but it should be understood that the present invention comprehends nonwoven fabrics made with multicomponent filaments having more than two components. For example, the fabric of the present invention can be made with filaments having three or four components. The process line 10 includes a pair of extruders 12a and 12b for separately extruding a polymer component A and a polymer component B. Polymer component A is fed into the respective extruder 12a from a first hopper 14a and polymer component B is fed into the respective extruder 12b from a second hopper 14b. Polymer components A and B are fed from the extruders 12a and 12b through respective polymer conduits 16a and 16b to a spinneret 18. Spinnerets for extruding conjugate filaments are well-known to those of ordinary skill in the art and thus are not described herein in detail. Generally described, the spinneret 18 includes a housing containing a spin pack which includes a plurality of plates stacked one on top of the other with a pattern of openings arranged to create flow paths for directing polymer components A and B separately through the spinneret. The spinneret 18 has openings arranged in one or more rows. The spinneret openings form a downwardly extending curtain of filaments.
The process line 10 also includes a quench air blower 20 positioned adjacent the curtain of filaments extending from the spinneret 18. The quench air can be directed from one side of the filament curtain as shown in FIG. 1, or both sides of the filament curtain.
A fiber draw unit or aspirator 22 is positioned below the spinneret 18 and receives the quenched filaments. Fiber draw units or aspirators for use in melt spinning polymers are well-known as discussed above. Suitable fiber draw units for use in the process of the present invention include a linear, fiber aspirator of the type shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,802,817 and eductive guns of the type shown in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,692,618 and 3,423,266, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.
Generally described, the fiber draw unit 22 includes an elongate vertical passage through which the filaments am drawn by aspirating air entering from the sides of the passage and flowing downwardly through the passage. A heater 24 supplies hot aspirating air to the fiber draw unit 22. The hot aspirating air draws the filaments and ambient air through the fiber draw unit.
An endless foraminous forming surface 26 is positioned below the fiber draw unit 22 and receives the continuous filaments from the outlet opening of the fiber draw unit. The forming surface 26 travels around guide rollers 28. A vacuum box 30 positioned below the forming surface 26 where the filaments are deposited draws the filaments against the forming surface.
The process line 10 as shown also includes a compaction roller 34 which compacts the web as the web is drawn off of the forming surface 26. The compaction roll 34 may alternatively be replaced by a hot-air knife which uses high velocity warm air to give minimal integrity to the web for further processing. In addition, the process line includes a bonding apparatus which is a through-air bonder 36. After passing through the through-air bonder, the web may be passed between a charging wire or bar 48 and a charged roller 42 and then between a second charging wire or bar 50 and roller 44.
Lastly, the process line 10 includes a winding roll 42 for taking up the finished fabric.
To operate the process line 10, the hoppers 14a and 14b are filled with the respective polymer components A and B. Polymer components A and B are melted and extruded by the respective extruders 12a and 12b through polymer conduits 16a and 16b and the spinneret 18. Although the temperatures of the molten polymers vary depending on the-polymers used, when polypropylene and polyethylene are used as components A and B respectively, the preferred temperatures of the polymers range from about 370� to about 530� F. and preferably range from 400� to about 450� F.
As the extruded filaments extend below the spinneret 18, a stream of air from the quench air blower 20 at least partially quenches the filaments to develop a latent helical crimp in the filaments at an air temperature of about 45� to about 90� F. and a velocity from about 100 to about 400 feet per minute.
After quenching, the filaments are drawn into the vertical passage of the fiber draw unit 22 by a flow of hot air from the heater 24 through the fiber draw unit. The fiber draw unit is preferably positioned 30 to 60 inches below the bottom of the spinneret 18. The temperature of the air supplied from the heater 24 is sufficient that, after some cooling due to mixing with cooler ambient air aspirated with the filaments, the air heats the filaments to a temperature required to activate the latent crimp. The temperature required to activate the latent crimp of the filaments ranges from about 110� F. to a maximum temperature less that the melting point of the lower melting component which for through-air bonded materials is the second component B. The temperature of the air from the heater 24 and thus the temperature to which the filaments am heated can be varied to achieve different levels of crimp. Generally, a higher air temperature produces a higher number of crimps. The ability to control the degree of crimp of the filaments is a particularly advantageous feature of the present invention because it allows one to change the resulting density, pore size distribution and drape of the fabric by simply adjusting the temperature of the air in the fiber draw unit.
The crimped filaments are deposited through the outlet opening of the fiber draw unit 22 onto the traveling forming surface 26. The vacuum 30 draws the filaments against the forming surface 26 to form an unbonded, nonwoven web of continuous filaments. The web is then given a degree of integrity by the compaction roller 34 and through-air bonded in the through-air bonder 36.
In the through-air bonder 36, air having a temperature above the melting temperature of component B and below the melting temperature of component A is directed from the hood 40, through the web, and into the perforated roller 38. Alternatively, the through-air bonder may be a flat arrangement wherein the air is directed vertically downward onto the web. The operating conditions of the two configurations are similar, the primary difference being the geometry of the web during bonding. The hot air melts the lower melting polymer component B and thereby forms bonds between the conjugate filaments to integrate the web. When polypropylene and polyethylene are used as polymer components A and B respectively, the air flowing through the through-air bonder usually has a temperature ranging from about 230� F. to about 325� F. (110� C. to 162� C.). and a velocity from about 100 to about 500 feet per minute. It should be understood, however, that the parameters of the through-air bonder depend on factors such as the type of polymers used and thickness of the web. The web may optionally then be passed through the charged field between the charging bar or wire 48 and the charging drum or roller 42 and then through a second charged field of opposite polarity created between charging bar or wire 50 and charging drum or roller 44. The web may be charged at a range of about 1 kVDC/cm to 12 kVDC/cm.
Lastly, the finished web is wound onto the winding roller 42 and is ready for further processing or use.
FIG. 2 shows a preferred shape for a fiber. In FIG. 2, a fiber 50 has four projecting T-shaped lobes 51. Each lobe 51 comprises a cap 52 and a leg 53 intersecting at a center core within an imaginary circular shape 54. The angle of divergence α or this type fiber may vary widely depending on the number of lobes 51. In general, the angle α, will be from about 80 to 130 degrees. More particularly, when the fiber has four lobes 51, the angle α will be between 90�5 degrees. When the fiber has three lobes as in FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 the angle α will be 120�10 degrees. The length of the leg 53 and cap 52 may vary, providing that adjacent caps 52 do not touch, as an opening must exist to permit the entrance of liquid treatment chemical as well as, if the fabric is to be used as a filter, to allow the entrance of the fluid to be filtered.
In fibers having legs and caps and which are to be through-air bonded, at least an outermost portion of at least one cap, though not necessarily all of the caps depending on the degree of bonding desired, must be made from a lower melting point polymer than that used for the legs or central portion of the fiber. This is necessary since, as explained above, through-air bonding results in the melting of one of the components of the web.
FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 illustrate a tri-lobal fiber having varying proportions of two polymers represented by light and dark areas in the drawings. FIG. 3 has a relatively small proportion of the lower melting component located on the outer part of the caps only. The inventors believe that a fiber like that in FIG. 3 would perform well in through-air bonding. FIG. 4 has a larger proportion of the lower melting component and it extends from the cap into the legs. The central portion of FIG. 4 is made from the higher melting component. The fiber in FIG. 4 should perform well in splittable fiber applications. FIG. 5 shows an embodiment wherein the two polymers are in approximately equal proportion in mirror-image arrangement. The fiber of FIG. 5 should provide a high degree of crimp by virtue of the arrangement of the polymers. Other combinations could of course be developed using different proportions of polymers in different configurations and including additional polymers as separate components or as blends. In addition, mixtures of types and/or deniers of fibers is possible and would give different properties than a web comprised of one type and denier of fiber. For example, two widely varying denier fibers together in one web would produce a web having small and large pores while a web where all the fibers were about the same denier would produce a web having less variation in pore size. Varying pore size in one fabric may be an advantage in some filtration applications.
When the fabric made from the unique fibers of this invention are made from polyolefins and used in transportation vehicle cabin air filtration, they are generally treated with a surfactant prior to the addition of an odor treatment chemical. The o surfactant treatment is necessary when using aqeous based odor treatment chemical impregnants because of the hydrophobic nature of polyolefins. Other polymers could be chosen which would be hydrophilic and not need such surfactant treatments depending on the economics of treatment cost versus polymer cost. Few polymers are as inexpensive as polyolefins, however. When used as a filter, the fabric or web should have a basis weight in the range of about 13 and 300 gsm or more particularly between about 50 and 135 gsm.
When the fabric of this invention is used in a personal care product, treatments may or may not be necessary depending on the specific use. A diaper outercover, for example, is usually hydrophobic to prevent leakage. A liner, on the other hand, is usually designed to pass liquids quickly away from the body and into an inner absorbent layer. Used as a liner, polyolefin fibers of this invention would probably need a surfactant treatment to increase the transmission rate. Its also possible that the fabric may be used as an absorbent layer and again, surfactant treatment would be necessary in the case of normally hydrophobic fibers. When used in a personal care product, the fabric or web should have a basis weight in the range of about 3 and 200 gsm or more particularly between about 3 and 75 gsm.
It has been found that the fibers of this invention provide excellent wicking properties which are especially useful in personal care products where moving liquids away from the skin is critically important.
Although only a few exemplary embodiments of this invention have been described in detail above, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that many modifications are possible in the exemplary embodiments without materially departing from the novel teachings and advantages of this invention. Accordingly, all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of this invention as defined in the following claims. In the claims, means plus function claims are intended to cover the structures described herein as performing the recited function and not only structural equivalents but also equivalent structures. Thus although a nail and a screw may not be structural equivalents in that a nail employs a cylindrical surface to secure wooden parts together, whereas a screw employs a helical surface, in the environment of fastening wooden parts, a nail and a screw may be equivalent structures.
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Chris Christmas...


text:
Obituaries - 2/6/2007
Miller-Jones Mortuary & Crematory in Sun City is handling arrangements.
Sterling Edwards, 87
CARLSBAD - Sterling Allen Edwards, 87, died Thursday, Feb. 1, 2007.
He was born Aug. 27, 1919, in Murfreesboro, Tenn. He served in the U.S. Marine Corps for 31 years in World War II, Korea and Vietnam and retired as a sergeant major.
Mr. Edwards is survived by his wife, Mildred Edwards of Carlsbad; sons Ron Dixon of La Jolla and Sterling A. Edwards II of Oceanside; daughters Diana St. Germain of Bonsall and Sandra Staley of Nashville, Tenn.; eight grandchildren; and three great-grandchildren.
His cremains will be scattered at sea.
Allen Bros. Mortuary, Vista Chapel, is handling arrangements.
Burton Risser Sr., 95
FALLBROOK - Burton C. Risser Sr., 95, died Monday, Jan. 29, 2007, at Silverado Senior Living in Escondido.
Born Jan. 21, 1912, in Chicago, he lived in Fallbrook 10 years. He retired as an insurance life underwriter for Prudential and Security Life Insurance companies in 1987.
He served in the U.S. Army Air Corps during World War II. He received a B.A. from Kansas University, and received Charter Life Underwriter (C.L.U.) in 1950.
He was past president of Salinas Chamber of Commerce, and past commissioner of Salinas Airport.
He was a member of St. John's Anglican Church, Fallbrook, Salinas Elks Club for 49 years, Fallbrook Rotary Club and the Barber Shoppers.
Mr. Risser was preceded in death by his parents, Wade and Lillian Risser, in 1965 and 1871; wives Bernice Risser, Nellie Risser and Virginia G. Risser.
He is survived by his daughter and son-in-law, Karen and Ron Gideon of Fullerton; sons and daughter-in-law Douglas Risser and Burton Jr. and Sheila Risser, all of Fallbrook; sons and daughter-in-law Douglas Risser and Burton Jr. and Sheila Risser, all of Fallbrook; sisters and brothers-in-law Carol Yochim of Santa Clarita and Betty and William Westoff of Dallas; brother and sister-in-law Warren and Virginia Risser of Santa Barbara; two grandchildren; and two great-great-grandchildren.
A memorial service is scheduled for 2 p.m. Saturday, Feb. 10, at St. John#'s Anglican Church in Fallbrook with military honors.
Inurnment will be at the Fallbrook Masonic Cemetery in Fallbrook.
The family suggests donation to St. John's Anglican Church Building Fund, 434 N. Iowa St., Fallbrook 92028.
Berry-Bell & Hall is handling arrangements.
Lillie Mae Stevens, 91
OCEANSIDE CA - Lillie Mae Stevens died Tuesday, January 30, 2007.
Born October 13, 1915, in Hendersonville, South Carolina, she lived in Oceanside for 42 years.
For many years, Lillie Mae was a supervisor at the I. Miller Shoe Factory in Long Island City, New York.
Lillie Mae loved her Lord and her family dearly. She initially came to California from New York, in 1964, to help her sister, Barnettia Mitchell (Bonnie), with her four children while her husband George Mitchell Sr. was in Vietnam.
Not many knew that she actually wanted to be a doctor, but before her father passed away in 1929, she made a promise to him that she would help her mother raise her younger sisters. She did just that and found a life full of love and fulfillment.


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My Favorite Category
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text: > View Product Details Please select the size of the product. Please enter valid quantity. Wyatt grey wool-cashmere knit hat overview details Retail: $80.00 Reduced: $24.97 $24.97 color : We're sorry. This style is currently unavailable. Grey Step up your style with Wyatt accessories! They are the perfect addition to your winter wear. Color: Grey Mid-weight wool-cashmere loose knit Fitted 7'' from center to crown All measurements are approximate 90% Wool / 10% Cashmere; Hand Wash or Dry Clean; Imported; style#314745301


text:
|Artist: Various Artists
Learn more about Time-Life Treasury Of Christmas: Holiday Memories:
Format: CD
Manufacturer: Time Life Music
Sku: 60568420
Release Date: 9/23/2003
See more in Christmas
Song Listing
Disc 1
Song Title
1. Hark the Herald Angels Sing - Nat King Cole ~ Various Artists
2. Let It Snow! Let It Snow! Let It Snow! - Dean Martin ~ Various Artists
3. Do You Hear What I Hear - Bing Crosby ~ Various Artists
4. Christmas Song, The (Merry Christmas To You) ~ Various Artists
5. Little Saint Nick - The Beach Boys ~ Various Artists
6. Chipmunk Song, The (Christmas Don't Be Late) - The Chipmunks ~ Various Artists
7. Merry Christmas Baby - Charles Brown ~ Various Artists
8. White Christmas - Clyde McPhatter & The Drifters ~ Various Artists
9. Santa Baby - Eartha Kitt/Henri Ren? & His Orchestra ~ Various Artists
10. It's Not The Presents Under My Tree (It's Your Presence Right Here Next To Me) - Eva Cassidy ~ Various Artists
11. I Believe In Father Christmas - Greg Lake ~ Various Artists
12. Peace On Earth / Little Drummer Boy - David Bowie/Bing Crosby ~ Various Artists
Disc 2
Song Title
1. Holly Jolly Christmas, A - Burl Ives ~ Various Artists
2. Frosty The Snowman - Gene Autry ~ Various Artists
3. Christmas Is A Feeling In Your Heart - Andy Williams ~ Various Artists
4. It's Beginning To Look A Lot Like Christmas - Perry Como & The Fontane Sisters ~ Various Artists
5. Have Yourself A Merry Little Christmas - Judy Garland ~ Various Artists
6. This Time Of The Year - Brook Benton ~ Various Artists
7. Christmas Auld Lang Syne - Bobby Darin ~ Various Artists
8. Feliz Navidad - Jos? Feliciano ~ Various Artists
9. Jingel Bell Rock - Bobby Helms ~ Various Artists
10. Silver Bells - Earl Grant ~ Various Artists
11. I'll Be Home For Christmas - Bing Crosby ~ Various Artists
12. Silent Night - Dinah Washington ~ Various Artists
Album Notes and Credits
Notes & Personnel Info
|The folks at Time-Life should know how to put together a collection of holiday music, they've been doing it for a long time. Attesting to that legacy is the fact that many of the tunes on TREASURY OF CHRISTMAS reach back to the golden age of American pop music. This generous two-disc collection is dominated by chestnuts (forgive the pun) by the likes of Bing Crosby ("Do You Hear What I Hear"), Nat "King" Cole ("Hark The Herald Angels Sing"), and the irrepressible Dean Martin (the carefree "Let it Snow! Let it Snow! Let it Snow!").
|However, it's not all old news on this compilation. More modern areas of pop music are explored by Eva Cassidy ("It's Not the Presents Under My Tree") and Greg Lake ("I Believe in Father Christmas"). No matter the era, though, TREASURY OF CHRISTMAS is consistent in its presentation of top-notch Yuletide fare.
Technical Info
|Release Date : 09/17/2002
|Original Release Date : 2002
|Catalog ID : 18857
|Label : Time/Life Music
|Number of Discs : 2
|Studio/Live : Studio
|Mono/Stereo : Stereo
|SPAR Code : n/a


text:
Great Weather, Crowd Expected for Belmont
As the sunrise broke through at Belmont Park at 5:30 a.m. on Belmont Stakes Day June 7, California Chrome was one of the first horses on the track as he went through a light jog under the watchful eye of trainer Art Sherman.
Chrome's visit to the track June 7 was routine, with the entourage of media and fans that have been accompanying him all week considerably smaller.
Copyright © 2015 The Blood-Horse, Inc. All Rights Reserved.


text:
The Oil Oil Companies, Car Manufacturers & Parts Industry
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Discover how thousands of average motorists and fleet operators are saving £££'s in fuel, vehicle maintenance and repair.
Do Not Get Scammed. Fortunately there are honest repair garages and specialists that will offer the most cost effective solution for their customers, BUT, many continue to bend the moral compass – "That'll need four new injectors….. or a new EGR valve……or a new turbo and so on".
We are Powerenhancer, part of a dedicated team of experts that have been working in and researching the fuel, additives and lubricants market for over a decade. What we have learned will surprise you and some of it we cannot repeat in public. A combination of underperforming fuels, mismatch fuel to engine designs, deliberate additive propaganda by fuel part manufacturers and a minefield of technologies has kept us busy.
What we will reveal is this:
1. Oil (fuel) companies are struggling to keep up with innovative engine designs focused on reducing emissions. Many modern engines, particularly with very high pressure fuel and complex emissions control systems are overly sensitive to fuel quality and the tolerances can be very narrow. Some early 1990's diesel engines would happily run on used, filtered chip fat but try anything remotely similar with a modern engine and it will throw an engine warning light within 10 miles. When an engine operates outside of these tolerances, poor running, debilitating carbon deposits and even premature wear can result. This has been exacerbated with an increase of biofuel content in both petrol and diesel fuels. We have seen vehicles with irregular running fuel systems, completely blocked Exhaust Gas Recirculation Systems and Diesel Particulate Filters even before the first service was due!
2. Lubricants and Additives Racket – MOST additives and oils are rebranded. Visit an automotive trade show and I guarantee that you will struggle to find one true additive manufacturer for every twenty companies promoting additives and/or lubricants. It may surprise you that some of the largest, well known brands sell nothing more than rebranded products. This industry is just one big marketing competition and some are very good at it too. We work with carefully selected and established manufactures, true manufacturers with substantial R&D capability and patented technologies, expert chemists, tribologists and engineers. Neither they nor we are interested in using attractive girls spread over bonnets of cars to market products.
3. Vehicle manufactures already use additives…but only when it suits them. For example, a prominent European petrochemicals company supplied an aggressive fuel system cleaner to a well know vehicle manufacturer because they were facing hundreds of thousands of potential warranty claims from carbon build-up on the fuel injectors. This was a classic example of fuel versus engine design mismatch! The additive was administered to all effected engines on a recall or during the next scheduled service and customers were none the wiser.
4. Many diesel vehicles are mis-sold as they are simply not designed for three mile round trip school runs. Some are sitting time bombs just waiting for the complex and sensitive emission control systems to complain of excessive carbon build-up. Engines are designed to naturally consume a certain amount of hydrocarbon, however, a combination of driving style and fuel quality means that this threshold is often exceeded.
5. Fuel Injector Cleaning Equipment Racket. Fuel system cleaning technology is such that rigging up injector cleaning apparatus to the fuel rail is no longer required as injector cleaning and carbon removal via the fuel tank is as effective and in many cases even more efficient. However, through smart marketing, celebrity endorsement and attractive dealer margins, such convoluted systems are back in vogue. They were very popular back in the 90's but we stopped listing them for sale years ago as they offer no additional value to the consumer. Only an increase in cost.
If you find your vehicle not running or performing as it should and suspect that the engine is suffering from accumulated deposits in the fuel system, combustion area, EGR, CAT or DPF, then we can help.
Whether you are looking to resolve running difficulties or carry out routine maintenance we are the trusted source for professional products and expert advice. Through years of experience our corporate customers, fleet operators, garages and enthusiasts continue to use us in the knowledge that we remain at the cutting edge of fuel and engine cleaning technology and always provide the best maintenance and remedial products to satisfy and in many cases, exceed their requirements.
We do not supply "magic" additives with ridiculous horsepower or fuel economy claims. What our products actually do is restore lost performance by removing accumulated deposits in both the fuel system and engine. Performance and economy degradation is then restored and providing there are no other underlying problems, your vehicle will perform as it did when it left the factory.
Where to start?
For a professional clean of the fuel system, injectors and combustion area we recommend Archoil© AR6400 (AR6400-D for diesel engines). This modern treatment, which is simply added to the fuel, safely cleans away accumulated deposits in the entire fuel system (including injectors) and from the combustion areas. It will also help remove post combustion deposits from the emission control/exhaust components and filters. If this doesn't resolve the problem or provide the results you are after then no other chemical-based products is likely to work for you.
One of our regular use fuel conditioners will then maintain a clean fuel system and engine whilst offering additional benefits such as: maintenance cleaning, protection against poor quality fuel, lubrication, combustion modification, emission reduction and so forth. For dedicated area cleaning please refer to the table below for our recommendation.
You may have heard about our products from car clubs, internet forum, friends or family. If so, you will be familiar with the positive response our products have received.
Have you used cleaning products before and they didn't work? It is important that you use the correct targeted chemistries for the right job. What makes AR6400 effective? A main contributory factor with petrol cleaners is the high concentrate of polyether amine chemistry. As proven by the Engine Manufacturers Association (www.enginemanufacturers.org) and the World Wide Fuel Charter (WWFC), PEA as it is commonly known, is the only recognised and approved chemical compound for FAST removal of hard baked carbon deposits from gasoline engine. AR6400 has the highest safe amount of PEA for effective deposit removal for guaranteed results. It is also fortified with the latest generation PIBSA/PIBSI detergents and Archoil's coveted combustion modifier. The new 2014 AR6400-D diesel cleaner contains an even higher ratio of detergents with the same combustion modifier, highest quality fuel system lubricant, and cetane booster (up to 7 points).
Most fuel cleaners contain high levels of solvent or kerosene based fillers whereas AR6400 and AR6400D are fortified with state of the detergents and additives, squeezed into a 430ml bottle and providing the most complete cleaning package available in a single bottle.
FACT: Internal combustion engines are inefficient and whilst this remains the case they will accumulate deposits. Whilst steps have been taken to include detergents in fuel, unfortunately, they DO NOT contain enough to keep an engine free from deposits.
A simple titration test will reveal this. This involves using a primer chemical with the additive mixed with fuel and then adding drops of an activating chemical until the sample changes colour. Pump fuels will change colour after 1-2 drops on the titration test whereas a standard PBA cleaner may average around 6 drops. Both AR6400 and AR6400-D exceed 50 drops.
How You Can Verify Our Cleaners Work? – Our Challenge to You:
If you own a petrol vehicle then before adding our product, remove one of the spark plugs from the engine and shine a torch down the spark plug hole. You will notice that the top of the piston is black and coated with a carbon build-up. Similarly, the valves and other parts of the combustion area are likely to be in a similar condition. Now add one of our professional cleaners with a full tank of fuel. The carbon will start to dissolve and will be removed through the normal engine combustion process.
The Challenge….
After you are half way through that tank of fuel, remove the spark plug again and shine a torch down the spark plug hole and re-check the condition of the top of the piston. You will notice that much of the carbon is removed and that you will clearly see signs of a cleaner piston and without deposits. After a full tank of fuel, all you will see is a clean piston with no carbon deposits. Not only does it thoroughly clean the entire fuel system but it also removes all carbon deposits.
There are many enthusiasts on automotive forums that provide fuel additive advice, with many of them having copied or referenced our literature. We have even had in depth telephone conversations with some. We were the first to publicly reveal the importance of Polyether amine chemistry in fuel cleaning chemistry back in 2007 when we released BG44K to our customers and then BG244 in 2008.
Will any of our cleaners potentially damage any part of the engine or fuel system? No, or we wouldn't still be in business. We don't put such products to market that we haven't already examined and tested ourselves. Each product comes with full support after sales support. The detergents have been fully EPA tested at increased dosage rates to ensure there is no potential damage to fuel system components or seals.
What happens to the carbon? PEA combined with PIBSA and other accompanying chemistry use a dispersal technology that dissolves and removes deposits particle by particle, thus reducing the risk of pulling sludge or deposits through the system. Much of the removed or dissolved carbon is burned and converted to energy just like the fuel.
What if I have a specific issue with a blocked DPF or carbon on the turbo etc.? The chart below will help you identify the cleaning potential and other benefits that our core products provide, and thus ensure you select the correct product(s). Or, read the appropriate article (links below) for further detailed information. Alternatively, just contact us via email or telephone for further advice.
Treatment Benefits & Application Guide
DPF Cleaning & DPF Cleaners
Turbo Cleaning & Turbo Cleaners
EGR Cleaning & EGR Cleaners
Do Fuel & Oil Additives Really Work?
Are Fuel Additives Safe?
Our guarantee to you is that you will receive professional care and with the most suitable solution, if any, recommended for you. We offer a full risk free, 60 day, no quibble, money back guarantee. We are the only company in the UK that provide this level of care and guarantee on fuel system and engine cleaners.
How do I request a refund if I am not entirely satisfied? Just email us at firstname.lastname@example.com with your order details and a quick note and we will process the refund in full within 48 hours. As you put your trust in us we will go that extra step and offer free advice to help you resolve any particular problem you are trying to rectify with your vehicle. This is completely optional.
If you have any questions about the above or require any assistance then please don't hesitate to contact us.
We have accumulated thousands of testimonials from all type of customer. From end users, corporate and fleet operators to Master mechanics, research professionals and established academics in the field of chemistry, engine combustion and tribology. Not forgetting the OE vehicles manufacturers that already use additives to minimise their warranty liability.
Below are just a few:
ARCHOIL© AR6400 – "Hi, recently purchased your Archoil Professional fuel system cleaner for my Mini Cooper S. Very impressed by the extra boost it appeared to immediately give to the supercharger." Nick
ARCHOIL© AR6400-D – "Hi guys. I am new to these forums but have found them a very interesting read. I have had the same problem as most on here with the car showing more warning lights than a jumbo jet out of fuel. Because of the constant selection of Limp home mode, One garage said they would have to take the gearbox apart at the cost of a couple of thousand pounds.
A couple of weeks ago the car wouldn't start at all. After 5 days of scratching my head and after reading these forums I found out about the EGR Valve and someone said tap it with a rubber mallet, which I did. Hey Presto the bloody thing started. It seemed to me that the slightest bit of dirt
would make the valve stick and because the sensors really couldn't tell what was wrong all sorts of lights lit up and limp-home mode engaged.
Anyway I have solved all my problems with an amazing product called Archoil. The product was AR6400-D. It is supposed to clean your system including the EGR. I have only had the stuff in there for about 100 miles now and the difference is amazing. I am hoping that before long I can take the rubber mallet out of my boot. Its embarrassing sitting in the Supermarket car park belting hell out of a Jaguar engine to make it go Like most people I am sceptical about products like this but i was desperate and willing to try anything.
Footnote: I am in no way connected to the makers of Archoil. Just an ordinary joe trying to get his car to work efficiently." Mitch H
ARCHOIL© AR6200 & AR9100 – "Hi, just some feedback on the Archoil products I used on my weeks holiday to Scotland. I added the oil & burner products to my VW Sharan 1.9 tdi 115 bhp, smooth running & returned 45mpg fully laden with 4 adults 2 dogs & luggage. 1500 miles in a week, great products will be ordering again soon. Thanks again." Richard
ARCHOIL© AR6200 – "I can't believe how good the Archoil AR6200 additive is. The car runs smoother and getting at least an extra 6mpg around town and only adding 5ml per tank! Looking forward to using the Archoil AR6400 to give it a good clean through. Kind regards, Matt"
ARCHOIL© AR6600 – "Just wanted to say thanks – it has worked a treat and cleared a problem with a stuttering turbo causing a terrible flat spot at 3500 revs"
ARCHOIL© AR6600 – "Hello, just want to say how pleased I am with the Archoil AR6600 turbo cleaner. Recently my VW Passat wouldn't go past 3k revs without throwing me into limp mode. I've had it to garages which have said the vanes in the turbo are sticking and I'd probably need a new turbo. So anyway 15 quids worth of diesel, a bottle of this and a blast down the motorway and it seems to have cleared. The car has never had so much of a kick behind it. Thanks a lot saved me a big mechanic bill." Liam O
Hi, thanks for the prompt reply. I'll go for the longer Journey. Perhaps a touch of an "Italian" tune up but keeping within the 3.5k rev limit. I have to say that Archoil products work really well for me in my 2.0d BMW X3. Also the forums / blog are useful in understanding what goes on within and why it
sometimes plays up. Once again, thanks for your help. Steve
"Hello, I've driven to south to France to relatives. They have a string of high mileage diesel cars and vans. I had bought a bottle of AR6400-D to use on the trip. However at arriving at hosts home, the discussion of Diesel engines came up. The conversation ended with me gifting them my bottle of AR6400-D.
Their old Renault Megane Diesel with 340,000 km on the clock was completely transformed by your magic potion. The car they had thought was on its last legs. Under 100 miles of driving with archoil in the tank became quieter, faster and more responsive.
My host was so impressed with Archoil, he called his local garage owner at 11pm at night demanding to know why he hadn't stocked any Archoil.
Good luck, I think you have a new bunch of customers here in south of France. All with diesel cars and fleet vans to operate." Asim B
Hi Andy, you will be glad to hear on my friend's Ford Mondeo 2.0L diesel with a DPF (DW10BTED4 engine) it gave a solid 10% fuel economy improvement and restored the car's original responsive and engine note/noise. Thanks! Regards, Istiaqu
The previous average for the E320 CDI before an oil change plus addition of the additive was 27.5 MPG according to the trip computer. After driving 800 miles with the additive – with the same driving pattern and same brand/grade of oil used – the MPG has climbed to an average of 30.5 MPG – just over a 10% improvement so I'm well pleased. When will you be launching this product and do you have any more info on it you could send me? Regards, Danny
What a great purchase, I have tried a few products and I can honestly say what a product. After just a tank full of fuel what a difference ! The car sounds quiet, crisper on the throttle response and is giving an extra few miles. I fully recommend this to anyone, as they say "Probably the best treatment on the market". Used on BMW 525 Sport. Please add to your testimonial if you wish. Kind regards, Milan.
Comments: I ordered a tin from you, it arrived quickly. I added it to my seven-year old Suzuki Liana,(47K+) which had started to suffer from EGR engine-management light being constantly on whilst the engine was running. Following evidence from several blogs, I decided to put BG44K to the test. After 170 miles, (about one-third of a tank), the light went out and stayed out!. The engine is sweeter in sound, response and fuel economy. This is the greatest product to hit the market in decades. I will be a regular user at oil-change from now on, and I will certainly recommend you and your product. A motoring claim that actually works, and more quickly than expected. D W Cole
Good morning, I have now been using your products for a few months now and I would like to say… they do deliver!
When I first acquired my car it had done 122k miles and i did not expect major improvements, but after using every 2nd fill I have been able to change from 44 mpg to 48mpg and the car is now at 131K. Thanks! Best regards, K Smith
I purchased BG44K for my merc320cdi which has done 91000miles and after adding it to the diesel it has made a remarkable difference to the cars performance even on the first day. I can only strongly recommend this product. Its the best have ever used. It does what it says. L Douglas
Andy. Can't see anywhere to write a review on the Web site so here goes. I have nearly used a full tank after putting BG244 in my Seat Exeo 2.0 litre Dsl (143ps). It had done 9500mls from new so should not have been too bad in any case, but after only a few miles it was a different car, quieter/smoother/more responsive etc. I only do about 8/9000mls per year so will make sure I put some in every year from now on. It is brilliant, give it a try and you will be amazed at the difference. This stuff is not your average DIY bull*** crap. Dave C, Oxford
Just to say thank you, and although too early to judge any improvements on car or boat, I am so impressed with your company care, I have sent details to my brother in Guernsey. Regards, M Wiggins
Comments: Can't believe it, have only done 15 miles of mixed driving (around town, and a short blast on the motorway), and the engine has stopped "juddering" when idling. Will leave further feedback next week, if that's alright. Fingers crossed. R Dunn
I'm just writing a quick email to let you know the results on using your diesel treatment, received on the above order number. We recently bought a low mileage 2010 Kia Sportag 4×4 with 6k miles on. The Kia dealer said that an elderly gent had owned it since they supplied it and it had been used for pootling around in. When we got it home and started using it, it felt like it needed a really good clear out. I gave it a motorway run but it was still hesitant, especially when setting off in 1st and then moving up to 2nd and so on. Anyway, I used it as instructed. Put it in the tank and then filled up. I felt a difference in just a few miles but couldn't quite believe it and thought I might just be wanting it to work too much so I waited until I had driven 250 miles and then I took my husband out in it. He couldn't believe the difference! It is now smoother with no hesitation at all and now feels like the new car it should feel like. We are so pleased and so I thought that I would let you know. Thank you, S Jones
All I can say is WOW!!! After 1/2 tank of gas I have a noticeable increase in power and reduced engine clatter. Seriously, my engine runs and sounds sweet…almost like the Nissan engine was yanked and someone dropped a BMW inline 6 in there. Well, maybe that's a bit exaggerated, but it's quite a bit smoother and better sounding. I also expect an increase in gas mileage, but I won't know for at least a week after I fill up and drive normally on the next tank.
Andy, as you know I have been in the trade for a long time, even longer than you! I am always amazed by your level of knowledge and expertise. Would you like a job? I know your job is a tough one as there is so much crap out there and its refreshing to have a supplier that will only provide the very best solutions for me and my customers but also with the support to match. We continue to use you for this reason. Much appreciated, B Roberts (Master Mechanic)
Archoil AR6400 (petrol) can be ordered HERE
Archoil AR6400-D (diesel) can be ordered HERE
PLEASE NOTE: We are no longer answering questions on this blog. If you would like to ask a question or leave feedback then please do so on our new forum HERE.


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Mater Dei Super-Mileage Team Wins Four 1st Place Awards in International Competition
It's been a good several months for my alma mater, Mater Dei. From a 2nd place finish in the state football game back in November to a title win in the girls basketball state championship last month, the current student body at Mater Dei has given we alumni a lot to be proud of. That pride extends outside the world of sports with the recent 1st place wins posted by the Mater Dei Super-Mileage team during an international competition held last weekend in Houston, TX.


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This book is packed with suggestions, steps, and guidelines to help you create products and services that do what users want. Many of them are unbelievably simple. They just work. Use the checklists in each chapter to help you spot potential problems, learn what makes users happy—or not happy, discover keys to responsiveness, and much more.
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Enjoy 10% off your first order*


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Mid-Life, or Life Long Crisis Racing
View Single Post
Joined: Jun 2012
Location: NNJ
Oddometer: 50
Hey guys!
Rather than starting a new thread on the same dreaded question, I figured I'd use the search field (rarity, I know!
) and found this here thread!!!
A LOT of great info which answers some of my questions but still need some advise on a good mid sized enduro!
I came into this thread thinking the KTM 350EXC was going to be in my future but after seeing how many members here recommended the KTM 200-300XC, I don't know anymore. So I asked an old friend who, I know, does a lot of trail riding and hare scrambles, he recommended the Husky TE310.....when I said I've seen a lot of people recommend the 300XC, he said it's NOT an entry level bike and it may overheat in the slow stuff we have here in NNJ/Pa areas.....what do you guys think?
FWIW- I was in my teens the last time I did any real trail riding, less maybe 1-2 outtings about a decade ago....but it's not like I was completely inactive, I was doing primarily trackdays with a CCS race weekend here and there over the last 12 yrs. I got away from that mostly due to family priorities and concentrating on dirt again since my 7yo son has been showing great interest in trail riding.....so here I am!
Any guidance in picking the right bike would be appreciated!
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There are plenty of gift suggestion articles this time of year. They might focus on lifestyle suggestions, such as gifts for golf, gardening or travel enthusiasts. Or they might be geared toward extravagant gifts such as expensive jewelry or exotic high-end products. This list is more about practical items. Some are health related, and others are simply ideas that make life more enjoyable.
Personal services are perennial favorites, such as certificates for therapeutic or relaxation massage, acupuncture, facials, pedicures or spa visits. Tina Kindle, owner and massage therapist at Angel's Crossing, tells me that massage certificates are more popular than ever.
Restaurant certificates are popular, especially if you know what restaurant the recipient enjoys. I suggest you try to buy from local restaurants to help support our local economy as well as provide a special gift.
Speaking of food gifts, if you have the time and talent, a homemade gift is often very welcome. Fresh baked bread, homemade hot cocoa mix, cookies; even Rice Crispy treats are welcome to someone that doesn't prepare many meals at home. If you are not a cook, presenting a fruit basket offers a healthy option.
If you are on a strict budget or simply want to give a gift of personal time, consider offering to help decorate or, even better, clean up after the holidays. For teens and others with limited cash, an offer to detail the recipient's car or tidy up landscaping will be appreciated and will require less than two hours of your time. Another idea is offer to drive grandparents to the store or on an errand. They will appreciate the convenience and love your company.
For anyone over 50, gifts that provide relief from pain are welcome. In our office, Biofreeze (a great topical pain reliever) is a popular stocking stuffer. Another inexpensive item is a product called Dr. Teal's Epsom salt bath crystals available at Publix that relieves aches and has a pleasant soothing aroma.
For the people that are always chilled, some practical gifts include socks by SmartWool, Thorlo, or other brands that wick moisture away to keep feet toasty are great ideas. These are available in outdoor stores and other retailers. One of my favorite gifts is a felt, wool hat that I wear during cold weather.
If your recipient has problems with allergies, a room-air cleaner or ventilation system duct cleaning are good ideas. I recently had the ducts cleaned in my home and was amazed at the difference, especially for my infant daughter. Her stuffiness and upper respiratory symptoms stopped immediately. I often recommend the free-standing, room-air cleaners for my patients.
For people with mild to moderate hearing loss or ear-ringing, a gift that allows them to watch television without turning the volume too high for others is available. I recently bought Sennheiser wireless headphones to use with the television. I was stunned at how crisp and clear the stereo sound was.
For anyone that works in the yard, a quality two-wheel cart can be an incredibly useful gift. Other items include kneepads, well-made gloves or a work apron with pockets. If they have a wood-burning fireplace, they might appreciate a load of good hickory firewood.
Using a cell phone while driving can create a serious hazard. A gift idea to increase safety is a Bluetooth wireless headset. The new Bluetooth headsets perform very well and allow the phone user to keep their eyes on the road and hands on the wheel.
Two of the handiest items I use constantly are an LED keychain light and small Swiss army keychain knife. Both cost less than $20 and will be used frequently.
My wife, Ginny, really enjoys the digital camera she received last year. Digital cameras are a breeze to use and store hundreds of photos. I asked Laci and Kristina in my office about their favorites. Laci immediately responded that she loves her iPod. Kristina endorsed family games. Her favorites are Phase 10 and Yahtzee. (As a chiropractor, I recommend the classic Twister! I'll reserve your appointment for the week following Christmas.)
Next week, useful tips to stay healthy all winter!
Dr. Mark Kestner


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THE BIGWHEEL THREAD!!! Yamaha BW350, BW200
View Single Post
Cliff h
Joined: Dec 2011
Location: Anchorage, Ak
Oddometer: 261
Originally Posted by
Hi Guy's..
I havent checked in in awhile..
Glad to see Mr. Bigwheel is going to be here in Wa. state twice in the next year racing...hope to see first (Everett) and do second race.(D-100) or at least the poker run on the 200, unless things change and I score a 350. It seems like the best ones on the west coast end up in an Alaskan stable somewhere.
Just took the primary chain of a 85-200 (pretty shure first time off) and stiff and nasty is an understatement /even after kerosene soaking..
SO..What is best to replace with/best bang for buck in all your opinions??
530 chain..22 link's..looks like all the good O-ring chain on e-bay is all in 110 link sets? just buy it and do the next 4 changes and hold on to it?
Any recommended brands?
when i took off the factory clip I broke it..normal?
Replace with a clip or a riveted chain??
Any help soon appreciated..want to ride soon..
RW Bigwheel:
I too will be at Endurocross this year. Desert 100 logistics still being worked out.
I used a clip style chain for ease of future (lack of) maintenance. I initially bought an o-ring style, but I could not get a clip style master link for it. If you still want an o-ring chain, I have one that you are welcome to.
Cliff h
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John Miller Percussion 4-Part Music: 1 items found
What Shall We Give?
(Spanish Carol). Arranged by John Miller. For SATB choir with finger cymbals, tom-tom (Keyboard accompaniment, Optional Percussion). Advent and Christmas. John D Miller Four Christmas Carols Series. Main Key: E Flat Major. Christmas and Sacred. Difficulty: Medium Easy (Adult). Octavo. 12 pages. Duration 1 minute 53 seconds. Published by Hinshaw Music Inc. (HI.HPC7060)
Usually leaves our warehouse: Within 1 to 2 weeks
(Minimum order: 6)
John Miller