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Kirkman's Buffered Magnesium Glycinate is a hypoallergenic formulation for individuals with special requirements and sensitivities. Magnesium glycinate is a form of magnesium that is easier to digest and absorb than some other forms of magnesium.
This product is also part of the Bio-Max Series' which uses forms of nutrients that have clinically proven to be among the best absorbed and most highly bioavailable. These capsules are buffered' which means that they are resistant to pH changes' making them less reactive and less likely to irritate the digestive tract—while also being easier to absorb.
Kirkman uses magnesium glycinate exclusively sourced from Albion Labs' Inc. of Clearfield' Utah' a leader in the manufacture of mineral chelates.
The use and effectiveness of magnesium supplementation is well-documented. Magnesium is an essential mineral that is involved in many bodily functions' while supporting strong bones and teeth. It is an essential element of cellular metabolism and is an enzyme activator. This mineral may also support healthy nerve impulses and muscle contractions. In addition' magnesium promotes relaxation' potentially supporting a good night's sleep in the process.
Signs of magnesium deficiency may include fatigue' mental confusion' irritability' weakness' muscle spasms' loss of appetite' or trouble sleeping. The Physician's Desk Reference for Nutritional Supplements states that recent data of inpatient and outpatient populations suggests that magnesium deficits may exist in from 12% to 40% of individuals.
Magnesium supplements usually have their beginning as minerals that have been influenced by our environment. For that reason' the purity of magnesium raw materials is important. Magnesium' like calcium' can have undesirable impurities present. The responsibility to assure the absence of lead and other heavy metals falls on the manufacturer. Kirkman uses only the purest forms of magnesium that have been tested for heavy metal content' as well as other impurities.
Each bottle of hypoallergenic Buffered Magnesium Glycinate by Kirkman contains 180 capsules.
Since 1949' Kirkman has been manufacturing a wide array of nutritional supplements. Its hypoallergenic product line is specially designed for those with allergies or food sensitivities. All Kirkman products are pure and easy to administer to people of all ages.
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). These products are not meant to diagnose' treat or cure any disease or medical condition. Please consult your doctor before starting any exercise or nutritional supplement program or before using these or any product during pregnancy or if you have a serious medical condition.
Serving Size: 2 Capsules
Amount Per Serving / % DV
Magnesium (as glycinate) 100mg / 25%
Magnesium Glycinate) 546mg / **
*Percent Daily Value Based on a 2'000 calorie diet.
**Daily Value not established.
Magnesium glycinate' ascorbic acid' citric acid' adipic acid' l-leucine' plant cellulose capsules.
Free Of:
Casein' gluten' soy' yeast' milk' sucrose' preservatives' flavorings' colorings' gelatin' egg' peanuts' tree nuts or fish.
2 capsules daily or as directed by a physician. Capsules may be pulled apart and the contents mixed with food and beverages.
Magnesium Supplements Can Cause Changes In Stool Consistency And Bowel Habits. If This Occurs' Discontinue Use And Discuss This Matter With Your Physician.
Allergy / Dietary Needs
- Artificial Color Free
- Artificial Flavor Free
- Casein Free
- Egg Free
- Fish Free
- Gluten Free
- Hypoallergenic
- Milk Free
- Peanut Free
- Preservative Free
- Soy Free
- Starch Free
- Sugar Free
- Tree Nuts Free
- Wheat Free
- Yeast Free
Ratings & ReviewsReview This Item
Overall Rating for Buffered Magnesium Glycinate -Hypoallergenic - 180 Capsules
Displaying reviews 1-10 of 20
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By Kim G.
from Seal Beach, CA
Excellent magnesium source!
Finally, I have found a magnesium supplement that does not cause issues with the bowels. I purchased Buffered Magensium Glycinate by Kirkman for my daughter with ADHD that has sleep issues hoping to help her. In addition, I decided to try it to help with my sleep disturbances and leg cramps during menopause. I'm not sure if it is helping with my daughter's sleep, but definitely helped mine and I an not experiencing any untoward effects. PureFormulas.com is my 'go to' place for all our nutritional supplements!
Does not effect intestines, helps with sleep and leg cramps.
Nothing so far.
√ I would recommend this item to a friend.
By Carolyn
from Atlanta
Great Product
This magnesium is easy on the stomach and well digested and absorbed.
√ I would recommend this item to a friend.
By Melba springer
from Sherwood Ar
Great product!
I have been using Buffered Magnesium Glycinate by Kirkman for several years. Helps with relaxation and a good nights sleep. A great price too!
Good product & price!
√ I would recommend this item to a friend.
By Hope Griffin
from Florida
Buffered Magnesium Glycinate by Kirkman is a great item. Fast shipping. I will order again.
√ I would recommend this item to a friend.
By Noelle Tuttle
from United States
Great form of mag
I bought Buffered Magnesium Glycinate by Kirkman for my kids. So far it's been so easy to mix in a drink. They aren't complaining of growing pains. Plus no unwanted bowel side effects.
Easy to open cap and mix in a drink. Doesn't have a taste. Easily absorbed form of mag useful for so many things.
√ I would recommend this item to a friend.
By Brian Macri
from CT
Great product!
Buffered Magnesium Glycinate by Kirkman is my favorite out of all I have tired.
√ I would recommend this item to a friend.
By Sue Ware
from Raymore, MO
Great product!
Buffered Magnesium Glycinate by Kirkman is easy to take and for me, is better absorbed than some other brands I have tried.
√ I would recommend this item to a friend.
By noelia lorenzo
from tx
Great quality. I bought Buffered Magnesium Glycinate by Kirkman with glycine because its easier for the body to absorb.
√ I would recommend this item to a friend.
By Saran Chinnaraj
from Fremont, CA
Good quality and better price
Good quality and better price
√ I would recommend this item to a friend.
By Lucia
from Navarre, FL
Good Product
My Doctor recommended this product to help with my headaches and it has helped
Not problems with the digestive system
None noted
√ I would recommend this item to a friend.
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Your question(s) and our corresponding answer(s) will not be confidential and will be posted publically on this specific product page.
Additionally, PureFormulas is unable to directly recommend products in relation to specific health conditions. Please contact your trusted healthcare practitioner for direct product recommendations.
If you have any general questions regarding orders or our policies and programs, please contact our Customer Happiness Team @ 1.800.383.6008
If you are pregnant, nursing, taking any medications or have any medical condition, consult your doctor before use. Your healthcare professional is the best source for guidance before beginning an exercise or nutritional supplement program.


text: The USA Patriot Act (Public Law 107-56) does have some rules that impact banks and deal with money laundering. However, none of them have to do with making change for people who aren't bank members. You can learn more about these rules from the U.S. Department of the Treasury .

subset: commoncrawl


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Resolution: standard / high
Figure 3.
8 Å prediction for sequence separation of 24 and greater. On the x axis the sequence identity between the query and the best template. The bins' height is proportional to the average F1 for the contact class. Red bins represent ab initio predictions, while blue ones are template-based. Results for sequence separations of 24 and greater.
Walsh et al. BMC Structural Biology 2009 9:5 doi:10.1186/1472-6807-9-5


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34 year old man | Oakland, CA, USA | Seeking women 30-55 within 50 miles
I'm a simple men
Nothing but gentle and frankly . I still believe in hearts and flowers; candlelight and wine; walks in the park or along the beach; and "anytime" rendezvous. I have a passion for music and travel. Vacations that combine these activities are most enjoyable for me. I am a voracious reader and you will probably find me alone with a book more often than in front of the television. I am a sports fanatic,and I do enjoy basketball, and bicycling,camping, swimming . Activities that keep me in touch with the natural - earth, air, water are most pleasurable for me. What i want in a man he must know that honesty is not negotiable and that the true meaning of love is to care about anothers feeling as though they were his own.He should be as comfortable at a black-tie affair as he would be at a backyard barbecue. A love of music and travel and an appreciation for a good book will definitely be a plus.He should subscribe to the notion that age is just a number and that each day that we are blessed with should be productive and enjoyed to the fullest. Am looking for faithful,loyal,understanding,supportive,Caring, Kind, Trustworthy with a great sense humor,a family oriented man,A man that will laugh at me when i do silly things,Someone that i can show my affection in public... Kiss, Hug and holding hands, A man that i can wake up with a romantic kiss in the morning and also let him know that hes the most Handsome man in the world ,A man that i can get dinner ready when she get late back home,Someone that believe in what goes around, Comes around,A woman that treat others the same way he want to be treated.. Are you single? Have you been married before ? do you have kids? what do you do for living?
Cycling, Dancing, Football, Swimming
I exercise 1-2 times per week.
Some other viewpoint
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
|What he is looking for
|5'5" (165cms)
|5'0" (152cms) to 8'11" (271cms)
|Body type:
|I'll tell you later
|About average
|I'll tell you later
|I'll tell you later
|Yes, but trying to quit
|No preference
|Social Drinker
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|Technical / Science / Computers / Engineering
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|Yes, and they live away from home (1)
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|Muslim / Islam
|No preference
|Graduate degree
|Some college


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By Sumeet Mittal, M.B.B.S, Esophageal and General Surgeon
For almost 12 years I took perscription medication for what was diagnosed as acid reflux disease. I even had 4 endoscopy/botox preceedures on my esophogus. Turns out I never had acid reflux but rather a condition called achalasia, which is a non straignt espohogus and sphichter problems. I had surgery to correct the problem a year ago and I have had no problems since. I no longer feel like I am having a heart attack all the time. Wish I would of had the surgery years ago. My advice is don't assume it is acid reflux.


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About PharmaNet/i3
PharmaNet/i3, the inVentiv Health clinical segment, is recognized as a leading provider of global drug development services to pharmaceutical, biotechnology, generic drug, and medical device companies; offering therapeutically specialized capabilities for Phase I-IV clinical development, bioanalytical services, and staffing from a single clinical professional to an entire functional team. For intelligent solutions needed to accelerate high quality drug development programs of all sizes around the world, PharmaNet/i3 works for you. For more information, visit www.pharmanet-i3.com.
About ASLAN Pharmaceuticals
ASLAN Pharmaceuticals is an Asia-enabled pharmaceutical company that develops novel medicines for global markets and is headquartered in Singapore. ASLAN licenses preclinical and early clinical compounds from global pharmaceutical companies, focusing on oncology, respiratory and inflammation diseases, and uses the high quality and efficient development resources available across Asia to progress the drugs through clinical development. For more information, please visit www.aslanpharma.com.
About inVentiv Health
inVentiv Health, Inc. is a leading global provider of best-in-class clinical, commercial and consulting services to companies seeking to accelerate performance. inVentiv's client roster includes more than 550 pharmaceutical, biotech and life sciences companies. With 13,000 employees in 40 countries, inVentiv rapidly transforms promising ideas into commercial reality. inVentiv Health Inc. is privately owned by inVentiv Group Holdings Inc., an organization sponsored by affiliates of Thomas H. Lee Partners, L.P., Liberty Lane Partners and members of the inVentiv management team. For more information, visit www.inventivhealth.
|SOURCE PharmaNet/i3; ASLAN Pharmaceuticals
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I am trying to decide on a foreign language program for dd who is kindy age. We do NOT have a language that dh or I speak fluently and no deep connection to any particular culture that would make an obvious choice.
I obviously need to learn along with her. I took french in school and enjoy the language so I could build from there but I don't know anyone who speaks it and groups/meetups for french are not common in our area. Since really being able to pick up a language has so much to do with being able to use it I don't know if this will be a good fit.
The dominant second language in our area by far is Hindi. It's becoming an increasingly useful language to know in business but I'm concerned about being able to learn it myself to be honest.
Then there's always the argument that knowing Spanish is so valuable.
So, if you could/did pick a language which one is it and why?
mama to three little ladies
I would never pick a language for my child. I would wait for an interest in a particular language and culture to develop. With no context in which to see the language in action, to appreciate the culture, to practice and use skills, and no parental fluency, your child's own curiosity and motivation are going to be extremely important in maintaining interest and producing learning. So I really think the interest should come from her. That's not to say I wouldn't salt her environment with opportunities to develop interest. But I would caution you against unrolling a program and saying "here is the language I've chosen for you to learn."
My various kids have at various points learned some French (we live in Canada, so that's not a foreign language, but we're in a very anglo province), Japanese, Latin, ASL and Spanish. Spanish and French have sustained interest the longest because we tend to see and hear them used a little bit around us. My ideal choice for my kids would be French because we're Canadian, but we lack the resources so Spanish has taken centre stage. They can get a bit of a learning community thanks to the local school, which teaches Spanish but not French at the high school level. Go figure.
Mountain mama to two great kids and two great grown-ups
Well, if your child doesn't like the launguage you choose and/or chooses to focus on another one later, I don't see how that could be a problem :)
OP, I would probably choose Hindi if you think it is a very dominant language, although I don't know how many resources are out there to learn it? I am focusing on Spanish because I have a strong background (both cultural and educational) in Spanish, plus it is the major second language in my area.
Certainly if dd or ds wants to learn another language later on of their own choice, I will be thrilled to help them with that!
If I didn't know anything about another language and had to rely on outside sources, hear it spoken, etc, I would most definitely choose the one in my area--whatever it is. Where is it you live that Hindi is a dominant language? If it's in India, or even in an Indian-American community in North America, I imagine there would be a lot of books with both English and Hindi in it, being that the Indian and the Pakistani cultures are now so intertwined with the English language. You really want to hear a language spoken or sung. If I just wanted practice speaking, I would want to talk with as many native speakers as I can (in as many natural situations as I could), who would be willing to help me-- and not bother about the books.
That said, we have enjoyed just singing songs in other languages, completely outside of the context of learning another language. We learn Canadian-French from Raffi ("Allouette", "Frere Jascque" and others) and Spanish from various sources ("Los Pollitos" or "Mariposa"), even children's songs in Japanese or Swahili. First, especially for kindy ages, I would simply start introducing the idea of other languages simply through this music because it is FUN.
I know some Spanish and German, and can flub my way along, pronouncing both with relative ease. That lets me read some of the fun dual-language picture books that our library system has. If your child likes that kind book with a picture and an identifying word (like a picture dictionary), they would love the Usbourne books "First Thousand Words In...." which comes with internet support for pronunciation. In this way I am teaching myself some French to answer my kids' questions from the book. Like Miranda said, they have largely taken the initiative to learn these, and I have no goal other them to have their brains get used to the idea that there are other words for the same object. (That's not even a "goal", really, but in learning a foreign language, I think it is essential for that fact to click. Half my classmates in school just never really internalized this, though it seems like such an obvious and easy thing.)
So, my girls' interest in Spanish especially and German and now French, came from these songs, from having fun counting in as many languages as we could think of (my girls loved to count!). I wouldn't say they are speaking anything besides just nouns or numbers, but I have no larger agenda for them.
As for "which language", well.... if your child can read, and wants to read the language, not just speak it, I would go for Spanish. Most every letter is pronounced exactly the same in almost every situation. There are very, very few exceptions to this. So, a beginning reader might appreciate the change from English in this regard (that is true for my oldest). An adult who has no foundation in a foreign language might appreciate the ease of pronunciation as well. For speaking, Spanish sounds are relatively easy for the native English speaker to replicate, at least for me. The French and German R's are difficult for me, and the vowels seem really unnatural-- not so for Spanish.
Getting the sound quality precise is not really of prime importance, though. That's where the "foreign" sound comes from, but for anyone, especially children, that should not be a concern.
ETA: Woah! That was a long post-- sorry!!
"Let me see you stripped down to the bone. Let me hear you speaking just for me."
It's a financial problem, because when you don't have much in the way of people-resources for learning a language, the effective home-study programs tend to be very expensive.
Mountain mama to two great kids and two great grown-ups
One of the drawbacks of language curriculums, or even just teaching kids the way I am teaching mine, is that they always start in a particular place, a name , a noun and numbers, assuming that this is where the spark of understanding begins and I am not so sure that is necessarily correct. I think that "aha!" place is going to be different from person to person, or from child to adult. I think immersion works so well because of this, and because learning any language, even your native tongue, begins with comprehension and then, a bit later or much, much later, speech.
"Let me see you stripped down to the bone. Let me hear you speaking just for me."
It's a financial problem, because when you don't have much in the way of people-resources for learning a language, the effective home-study programs tend to be very expensive.
I agree that the best programs are pricey, but I think the OP is likely to need a few different programs over the years as her dd grows and so this is not as much of an issue as it would be if she were choosing a language for a high school aged kid.
If it were me, I would spend the kindergarten year learning whatever language I chose on my own, and then introduce it to my child the next year, as I continued to study to keep ahead. That way you can get pronunciation and other tricky stuff down before you are teaching your dd, so you don't end up confusing and frustrating her.
I agree that the best programs are pricey, but I think the OP is likely to need a few different programs over the years as her dd grows and so this is not as much of an issue as it would be if she were choosing a language for a high school aged kid.
If it were me, I would spend the kindergarten year learning whatever language I chose on my own, and then introduce it to my child the next year, as I continued to study to keep ahead. That way you can get pronunciation and other tricky stuff down before you are teaching your dd, so you don't end up confusing and frustrating her.
Great idea!!! This is what I am now going to do. I planned to learn with my son.....
(Yeah right)
loss 2/28/03 ds 1/5/08 dd 2/8/10
When we know better, we do better. ~Maya Angelou
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JJ Original Knife Kit
Originally made from scraps found in Gene Jameson's wood shop, the first JJ knife kit was made as an interactive toy for father and son to assemble and finish together. These kits are crafted to provide an introduction to woodworking with precisely cut parts that fit together to complete a fun and creative toy.
- Made in the USA
- 6 pieces of wood
- 4 metal pins
- Complete instructions
- Ages 7 and up
- Contains small parts
About Jameson Woodworks: For a Christmas gift in 1999, Gene Jameson made two wooden pocket knives to give to his two young cousins. They, of course, loved them. No more were made until the Christmas of 2008, when Gene made one for his own son, JJ. This time, however he wanted to create something more interactive than a finished wooden knife. So instead, he made a kit that he and JJ could assemble together. This was the launch of Jameson Woodworks toy kits. Still made by Gene in his workshop in South Carolina, they interest the young craftsman at heart.


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Somebody call Bruce Willis.
Somebody call Bruce Willis.
Choo got it, dude.
*BaseClogger* (02-16-2013)
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The mission of the Cincinnati Biobank Core Facility is to promote world-class biomedical research by ensuring availability of the highest quality biospecimens to meet researcher's needs. We provide access to services for standardized and centralized acquisition, processing, storage and distribution of biospecimens for research. These services are available to researchers at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, surrounding academic centers and beyond. Our personnel have experience planning and executing sample collection protocols based on the latest biospecimen research and evidence-based methodology. The ultimate goal of this facility is to promote collaboration and increase competitiveness for grant funding.
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1857-S $20 MS66 PCGS. CAC. Variety 20-A....
2013 August 8 - 10 US Coins Signature Auction - Rosemont #1188
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1857-S Spiked Shield Twenty, MS661857-S $20 MS66 PCGS. CAC. Variety 20-A. Ex: S.S. Central America. SSCA 3735. An old folk-saying warns not to put all of one's eggs in a single basket, and the Central America was quite the "basket" on its fateful voyage, carrying more than $2 million in gold at a time when it was valued at less than $21 per troy ounce. When the Central America was lost, it caused great disruption in New York's markets as those who were counting on its gold to come were sent scrambling. This Spiked Shield 1857-S twenty, originally on a course for New York but sent on a decades-long detour, is carefully preserved with pale yellow interiors and richer orange peripheral color. Well-defined and delightful. Comes with book-style case, certificate of authenticity, and outer box.(Registry values: N7079) (NGC ID# 2696, PCGS# 8922)
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Given the financial stresses facing California school districts and the uncertain outcome of Gov. Jerry Brown's November tax initiative, the nonpartisan Legislative Analyst's Office thinks state lawmakers should:
- reduce the minimum school year from 175 to 170 days
- remove the strings attached to even more special-purpose funding streams, such as Partnership Academies and K-3 class-size reduction funding. (To see what might happen to such programs when districts can use the money for any legal purpose, look no further than to adult education, which lost its protections in 2009.)
- lift restrictions on outside contracts for services not related to teaching (food services, clerical, maintenance)
- make major changes to the teacher layoff timeline, including a rolling emergency layoff window in the event of mid-year cuts
- adopt the governor's proposal for k-12 funding restructuring by replacing the current reimbursement system with a "weighted student formula" or block grants. (The list of restricted programs that would merge into that formula is on page 4 of the report on the previous link.)
What do you make of these recommendations? You can find further explanation at the bottom of this report, which includes a survey of school districts. About 60 percent of the districts surveyed reported instituting three furlough days in 2010-11, and slightly fewer in the current year.
The layoff proposal, explained:
We recommend the state change the statutory deadlines for both final and contingency layoff notifications. Though districts already have initiated their layoff processes based on the March 15 notification requirement, we recommend the Legislature move the final notification date from May 15 to August 1. This would give districts more certainty as to both the final state budget package and important local information (such as teacher retirements or resignations) prior to finalizing their layoff decisions. Additionally, we recommend the Legislature replace the existing August layoff window with a rolling emergency window whereby districts could lay off staff midyear if the state makes significant budget changes. With a guaranteed post–election layoff option to address potential midyear trigger cuts, school districts might lay off fewer teachers heading into the 2012–13 school year.
John Fensterwald, a former Mercury News editorial writer who now blogs for the Silicon Valley Education Foundation, brought my attention to the LAO report, via a piece in the Educated Guess. You can read his in-depth summary of the district survey and the agency's recommendations here.


text:
Originally posted by jeantherapy
Originally posted by gravitor
So this will be My last reply on this thread.
Last reply? Fail.
Originally posted by gravitor
Originally posted by ThePeaceMaker
Aw can you not answer my confusing questions before you go ?
Captainpudding has declared Me mentally deficient, and some nice men have arrived with a jacket that fastens up at the back....so My fingers won't be able to reach the buttons, sorry.
They won't remove the jacket until I agree that the earth is a football.
Originally posted by kimish
Thanks for the read OP. I needed a laugh today.
Originally posted by CB328
The greeks figured out that the world was round because of the fact that we can only see something around 30 miles on the ocean before it moves out of view due to the curvature of the earth.
For an observer standing on the ground with h = 1.70 metres (5 ft 7 in) (average eye-level height), the horizon is at a distance of 4.7 kilometres (2.9 mi).


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Bowers & Wilkins C5 In-Ear Headphone - Black Gloss
B&W C5 noise-isolating in-ear headphones bring you amazingly natural acoustics and fit so comfortably and securely you'll hardly be aware you're wearing them. B&W unique Micro Porous Filter system makes sure that sound is open, spacious and full of rich, lifelike detail. So you can truly lose yourself in unadulterated sound, even when you're on the move. The C5 In-Ear...
Bowers & Wilkins C5 In-Ear Headphones
" I bought these to replace my beloved A-Jays four. I needed something with the integrated in-line ipod/iphone controls, but with a bit better audio-quality, and some that may not pop out as easily as the JAYS. These have a "secure loop" system which provides an adjustable cable loop that tucks into your upper ear, helping to keep the buds in place. I personally found..." --Dneale
Bowers & Wilkins C5 S2 In-Ear Headphones, Black
"This is a review of Bowers & Wilkins B&W C5 Series 2 (new 2014 version) in-ear premium headphones with in-line remote. http://www.bowers-wilkins.com/Headphones/Headphones/Headphones/C5-Series-2.html Often after reviewing full size headphones people ask me if I can recommend something with a similar sound signature in a scaled down in-ear design. Some look at over-ear headphones..." --twister6
Bowers & Wilkins C5 Series 2
" Using TheHeadphoneList's Review Format Below Accessories - 3/5 You get a semi-hard case with a felt-like exterior that zips up and 3 different sized tips to help fit your ears. Silicone style tips. I was actually able to get a great seal with the stock tips which was a shock to me, as my two ear canals are typically different enough to warrant different sizes. Most..." --RubxQub
Rhines Custom Monitors Stage 5
" Intro: I've listened and owned many Universal and Custom IEMs made in the US (JH Audio, Westone, Aurisonics), Asia (Tralucent, FitEar), but I realized I don't have many European IEMs (EarSonics) or even a CIEM, at least until the name Vision Ears came up in a PM thread with Mimouille (I slightly blame you for this bro) and I saw the Vision Ears/Rhines/Compact Monitors thread. But..." --VisceriousZERO
rhines Stage CIEM
Highest quality custom in-ear monitors handcrafted in Germany. Founded by Germany's first professional CIEM researcher and engineer since 1998, creator of the legendary Stage series for Compact Monitors, Felix Reinsch. The team consists of multiple active musicians, graduated audiologists and true audiophiles.


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2011 Predictions & Game Story
Week 1 - LSU vs. Oregon
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Sept. 3 LSU 40 … Oregon 27
CFN Analysis: LSU might have beaten Oregon in a blowout, but it's not like the offense worked all that well. The ground game was powerful, cranking out 175 yards and three scores, but it only averaged 3.6 yards per carry, and the passing game didn't help ; Jarrett Lee was awful. He might not have thrown any pick-sixes, but he only connected on 10-of-22 passes for 98 yards and a touchdown. LSU won on defense, stuffing Oregon all game long with Tyrann Mathieu coming up with a huge performance with 7.5 tackles, a forced fumble, two broken up passes, and a touchdown. Now the Tigers get to take a week off against Northwestern State, and they'll get a chance to come up with more of a passing game before going on the road to face Mississippi State and West Virginia. If the defense keeps playing this well, the offense's job will be to keep the mistakes to a minimum. With just one fumble and four takeaways, the Tigers did what they needed to do.
Oregon's inexperience showed on the lines, but more than anything else, the running game simply didn't work. The defense got shoved around a bit, but LSU only came up with 273 yards of total offense and did nothing through the air. The four Ducks turnovers and 12 penalties were the difference, and while the stats might not look that bad, overall, the team didn't look ready for primetime once the Tigers took control early in the second half. The schedule eases up a bit before going to Arizona, and that's the only rough road battle left to deal with until the showdown at Stanford in mid-November. The national title dream is gone, and to win the Pac-12 title, the offense will have to get LaMichael James and the ground attack rolling again. James only ran for 54 yards and a score, but he won't have to deal with LSU anymore.
(AP) ARLINGTON, Texas -- In a rare opening matchup of top-five teams, both missing key players, Jarrett Lee admirably directed LSU's offense in place of suspended quarterback Jordan Jefferson.
Being without standout cornerback-punt returner Cliff Harris was more than mistake-prone and third-ranked Oregon could overcome.
The Ducks' fill-in punt returner had a fumble that led directly to an LSU touchdown and Lee's touchdown pass came against the defensive back playing in Harris' spot in the fourth-ranked Tigers' 40-27 victory Saturday night.
"I asked them to put to the perimeter all the things that could be considered distractions," LSU coach Les Miles said. "I enjoyed Jarrett Lee's gutty effort. I liked how the offense did the things they needed to do."
Already without the suspended Harris, the Ducks made things even harder on themselves with four turnovers -- three that LSU converted into 20 points while building a 30-13 lead.
Highly touted freshman De'Anthony Thomas fumbled on consecutive touches late in the third quarter, one on a rushing attempt and then on the ensuing kickoff, and the Tigers took control with touchdown runs from Michael Ford and Spencer Ware in a span of less than 3 1/2 minutes.
"Those are self-inflicted wounds," coach Chip Kelly said. "The drops, the turnovers and the penalties are the things that really killed us. Against a team like that, you're not going to win the game."
Harris, who can be found on most preseason All-America teams, was suspended in June after police caught him driving 118 mph, and also having a suspended license at the time.
The Tigers were also without receiver Russell Shepard, who was suspended for at least this game because he discussed another NCAA inquiry with a teammate. He was third in receiving and fourth in rushing for LSU last season.
Besides the legitimate national title hopes both teams had, they had a tie in ongoing NCAA investigations into their dealings with Willie Lyles, who ran a Houston-based service that provided scouting reports of high school players.
And this was the first season-opening game of top-five teams on a neutral field since 1984, when Jimmy Johnson won his debut as coach of Miami against an Auburn squad featuring Bo Jackson a year before he won the Heisman Trophy. There was a crowd of 87,711 at Cowboys Stadium, where LSU played its second consecutive game.
The Tigers ended their 2010 season on the Dallas Cowboys' home field in January with a 41-24 victory over Texas A&M in the Cotton Bowl when Jefferson passed for three touchdowns and ran for another score.
But Jefferson is now suspended indefinitely, as is reserve linebacker Josh Johns, because they are facing felony charges of second degree battery stemming from a bar fight near campus last month.
Plenty of subplots in this one.
"We've had a lot on our minds as team coming into this game," Lee said. "It's not something that we wanted to happen. But you have to put that to the side and move forward."
Lee's 10th career start, his first since a win over Louisiana Tech in 2009, was far from spectacular. The senior completed only 10 of 22 passes for 98 yards, but didn't have an interception and appeared steady throughout the game.
The lone LSU turnover came when Lee stepped up toward the line to point out a pending blitz, at the same time the ball was snapped behind him. That set up Rob Beard's second field goal to give Oregon a 6-3 lead.
Oregon, which lost to Auburn in the BCS national championship game last season, has consecutive losses for the first time since they losing its last three regular-season games in 2007.
"This is going to show the character of this team, how hard we're going to come back and play after this loss," Ducks quarterback Darron Thomas said. "The offense had self-inflicted wounds all game."
LSU took a 16-13 lead just before halftime, going ahead to stay, on Rueben Randle's 10-yard TD catch from Lee.
Randle caught the ball in the front corner of the end zone over freshman cornerback Terrance Mitchell -- in the spot Harris would have been playing on defense.
The other LSU touchdown before halftime came when fill-in punt returner Barner fielded a punt inside the 5, took a couple of steps backs. That's when Tyrann Mathieu stripped the ball away, scooped it up after it bounced on the turf and took a couple of steps into the end zone.
LSU has won 34 consecutive nonconference games, the longest such streak in the nation, including all 23 in the regular season under seventh-year coach Miles.
"Our football team is united. They play together," Miles said. "You put a ball on the line and they'll scrap you for it."
Ware had 26 carries for 99 yards while Fort had 14 runs for 98 yards and two TDs, his second on a 16-yard run in the fourth quarter.
LaMichael James had one of the worst games at Oregon, even though he scored a touchdown for the 12th time his last 13 games. James had 18 carries for 54 yards, only five more than he had against Auburn in the national title game.
"I don't think we were ready mentally. We have a lot of underclassmen and people who've never played in a college football game," James said. "It was difficult."
De'Anthony Thomas, who scored on a 4-yard run in the final minute, had his first fumble when big defensive end Sam Montgomery reached in and stripped the ball away. The ball popped directly into the hands of safety Eric Reid.
After Ford's 5-yard TD, Craig Loston punched the ball out of Thomas' hands, setting up Ware's 1-yard TD that made it 30-10 after Mitchell was called for pass interference in the end zone.
Darron Thomas was 31-of-54 passing for 240 yards with a touchdown and an interception in a game the Texas native considered "bigger than the national championship." Thomas went to Oregon instead of LSU after Miles wouldn't promise that he could play quarterback.
Oregon (0-0) vs. LSU (0-0)
in Arlington Sept.
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Here's The Deal … Unfortunately, all the controversy off the field and all the ugliness surrounding the LSU fighting incident sucked the wind out of the biggest non-conference game of the 2011 college football season. No, there really is no diminishing the magnitude of 1) what might be the biggest Pac-10/Pac-12 regular season game not involving USC in several years, and 2) a matchup good enough to possibly be for the national championship.
LSU starting quarterback Jordan Jefferson and linebacker Josh Johns were arrested and suspended for their alleged role in the August 19th bar fight, with it being reported that Jefferson allegedly kicked the victim in the face. While attempts are being made to see if the players might be eligible, the team is going on without them. Has this been a distraction to the Tigers? Of course. Will this mean they'll rally in the face of adversity? That'll be the big test, but no matter what happens, the outcome of the tremendous neutral site showdown won't have too much to do with the incident. LSU, even without Jefferson, is still good enough to make a run for the BCS Championship, while Oregon, even with some suspension issues of its own and with some major personnel changes being made on both sides of the ball, appears to have it all geared up and ready for another run to the title game.
Of course this game is important to both teams, and while college football perceptions change on a weekly basis, the Pac-12 needs this win a whole bunch more than the SEC does.
LSU can lose to the Ducks, run the table, and play for the national title, while Oregon would need a ton of help to lose this and end up playing for it all – it might not seem fair, but that's the deal after so much SEC national champion success in recent years. Unless there are two unstoppable unbeaten teams – like if Oregon and Oklahoma go without a blemish - a 12-1, SEC Champion LSU will almost certainly get an invite down to New Orleans on January 9th if it wins the conference title game after beating Mississippi State, West Virginia, Tennessee, Alabama, and Ole Miss on the road while taking care of Florida, Auburn, Arkansas at home. If the Tigers run the table, and look great doing it, many will use the bar fight as part of an excuse to what they weren't quite there against the Ducks on the first weekend. However, if Oregon loses, it'll be tough for the Pac-12 to get too much respect from the eastern side of the U.S. This is it. This is the game the new league needs to have
National perceptions are formed in battles like these. An Oregon win would be a terrific tone-setter for the rest of the Pac-12 season and beyond, while an LSU win would only cement the SEC's dominance as the best conference in America.
LSU is No. 3 in the Coaches' Poll, and Oregon is No. 4. The rest of the college football season will be shaped by this one game, and if both teams play up to their capabilities and expectations throughout the year, then yes, there's a possibility that the August 3rd Cowboys Classic really could be more important than anything that happens on January 9th.
Why Oregon Might Win: There's football shape, there's game shape, and there's dealing with Oregon shape.
In today's day and age, most top programs make absolutely, positively sure that their players are fit throughout the offseason and everyone is on a training regimen that's even harder than anything that happens during the season. However, as coaches have explained over and over again, part of the reason for scheduling Cupcake State to start the year is to get everyone used to going 100 miles per hour again. Practices just don't properly prepare players for what happens in real live action, and while the extra time and focus on the Oregon offense will surely help – as opposed to getting a few days in the middle of the season to figure out how to slow down the machine – all the film study in the world won't help the lungs when the Duck attack starts to roll.
Of course, Boise State didn't seem to need a tune-up at the beginning of the 2009 season, holding Oregon to just 31 yards on the ground with LeGarrette Blount punching out -5 yards net and LaMichael James being held to 22 yards. The difference is that this year's Oregon offensive backfield is better, faster, smarter, and more experienced with quarterback Darron Thomas, Doak Walker winner LaMichael James, and speedster Kenjon Barner all knowing exactly what they're doing. And that – along with sucking wind – will be LSU's issue; not only is Oregon's offense going to try to fly at warp speed, but any new wrinkles added to the mix should work. There's no game tape uncovering any subtle nuances that head coach Chip Kelly and his staff are going to implement, and to stop Oregon, the defensive discipline can't break down. The defenders have to be in their lanes at all times, they can't do too much freelancing, and they have to play smart, smart, smart. The defensive adjustments have to come as fast as the Oregon up-tempo attack will allow them, and if Kelly and his staff can stay one step ahead the entire night, and if they're able to keep the linebackers confused, LSU will be doing too much guessing. Against Oregon, especially in the second half, that's a problem.
Why LSU Might Win: How do you stop the Oregon running game? How do you negate the up-tempo offense that tries to keep defenses on their heels? 1) Athletic, veteran linebackers, 2) team speed, and 3) third down stops.
Glossed over in the aftermath of the 2011 BCS Championship was how the Oregon running game was shut down cold – held to just 75 yards. Darron Thomas did a great job of keeping the team in the game with 363 passing yards and two scores, but Auburn's plan was to make Oregon win through the air. The Tiger defense was loaded up with veteran who saw it all and made the quick adjustments needed, and LSU has the experience factor going its way, too, with seven defensive starters back including a lightning fast group of linebackers that should make up for any problems by being able to move. The bigger factor will be the veteran secondary that will see time in a 4-2-5 alignment to get even more speed on the field. Even if James and the Oregon runners get to the second level, they'll likely have to deal with a swarm.
It's a new season and a new team, but LSU was terrific defensively on third downs last year allowing teams to convert just 35% of their chances – good for 16th in the nation. If the new starting defensive tackles are as good as advertised, and if the veteran ends can keep everything in the middle, and if the linebackers don't take too many missed steps, LSU's defense might be one of the few in America that slow down the Oregon offense.
What To Watch Out For: Jarrett Lee, your table is ready.
Everyone is trying to find the next Cam Newton, and there was talk this spring of Georgia transfer Zach Mettenberger possibly being the spark needed for the woeful LSU offense. He has all the tools, but he hasn't been able to quite put it all together in practices to keep Lee out of the No. 2 spot. With Jefferson out, Lee has taken the responsibility to make the offense and the starting quarterback job his, and now it's all on him to keep the chains moving and he has to use his veteran abilities to keep the mistakes to a minimum. Thrown to the wolves early in his career, he made too many mistakes and was too much of a team-killer with pick after pick being taken for six. However, he has been a whale of a backup with key performances to beat Tennessee, Florida, and Alabama last year when the pressure was on the most. He doesn't have to be special to beat Oregon, but he has to be smart, steady, and mistake-free.
All the talk might surround the LSU problems, but Oregon lost star running back prospect Lache Seastrunk after all the Willie Lyles problems, won't have superstar corner and return man Cliff Harris after he was suspended for excessive speeding, and a slew of other key parts of the puzzle – at least when it came to the depth – are out, suspended, gone, or hurt. More than anything else, Oregon has to find a good rotation on the defensive front with three starters out. There's speed, quickness, and talent, but dealing with the fantastic LSU offensive line is no way to try to jell.
What Will Happen: The loss of Jordan Jefferson won't be a problem for LSU by itself, but the distraction, along with the suspension of receiver Russell Shepard, along with the lack of a prep game will be too much to get by an Oregon team that'll sputter early before turning it on late. Lee will be fine, and running back Spencer Ware will be terrific pounding the ball between the tackles, but Oregon's defense, the forgotten side of the equation, will surprise in the second half. The Duck defensive front seven is just as athletic as LSU's, and it'll show why with a steady enough pass rush on Lee to force two key mistakes late. Oregon's offense won't blow up, but it won't give away the turnovers like LSU's will.
CFN Prediction: Oregon 23 ... LSU 20
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Jerk Chicken Quesadillas With Cool Fruit Salsa
16 Jan 2011
|Shredded cooked chicken
|2 Cup (32 tbs)
|Caribbean jerk seasoning
|2 Tablespoon (Dried)
|Shredded reduced fat cheddar cheese/Soy alternative
|8 Ounce (2 Cups)
|Whole wheat flour tortillas
|4 (10 Inch Size)
|1 , pitted, peeled, and chopped
|Canned mandarin oranges
|11 Ounce, drained (1 Can)
|Raspberry wine vinegar
|2 Tablespoon
|Grated lime peel
|1⁄2 Teaspoon
|1⁄8 Teaspoon
Preheat the oven to 375°F.
In a medium bowl, combine the chicken and jerk seasoning and toss until evenly coated.
Spread 1/4 cup of the cheese over half of each tortilla, then top with 1/2 cup of the chicken.
Top each again with 1/4 cup cheese, then fold each tortilla in half.
Place the tortillas on a baking sheet and bake for 10 minutes, or until the tortillas are crisp and the cheese is melted.
Meanwhile, in a medium bowl, combine the avocado, oranges, vinegar, lime peel, and salt and toss until evenly coated.
Cut each quesadilla in half.
Recipe Summary
Difficulty Level:Easy
Course:Main Dish
Preparation Time:10 Minutes
Cook Time:15 Minutes
Ready In:25 Minutes
Rate It
0 Comments
Jerk Chicken Quesadillas With Cool Fruit Salsa Recipe


text:
This section contains 766 words
(approx. 3 pages at 300 words per page)
Critical Review by Richard Tillinghast
SOURCE: "Chants and Chainsaws," in New York Times Book Review, December 27, 1992, p. 2.
In the following excerpt, Tillinghast praises No Nature for uniting a lifetime of Snyder's work.
Only in our age could a poem have been written that gives an account of life in California's Sierra Nevada from the perspective of 300 million years of natural and human history. And only Gary Snyder, with a command of geology, anthropology and evolutionary biology unmatched among contemporary poets, could have written that poem, "What Happened Here Before."
"First a sea: soft sands, muds, and marls," the poem begins, "loading, compressing, heating, crumpling." Then 220 million years along the evolutionary trail, "warm quiet centuries of rains." There is an understated majesty about the ease with which Mr. Snyder puts the present into perspective. He sketches the life of California Indians: And human people came with basket hats and nets winter-houses underground yew bows painted green, feasts and dances for the boys and girls songs and stories in the smoky dark.
And when the European settlers appear in search of gold, their life is evoked with a quick brushstroke: "horses, apple-orchards, card-games, / pistol-shooting, churches, county jail."
Mr. Snyder writes in an allusive journal-entry style that owes something to Ezra Pound's later poetry, and he also follows in the lineage of Pound as the type of self-taught, extramural American scholar who follows his own compass into uncharted territory. Born in San Francisco in 1930 to working-class parents, Mr. Snyder grew up in Oregon. He worked as a logger and laborer, then manned a Forest Service lookout tower and worked on a trail-building crew in the Sierras, where he developed a love for wilderness that would later lead him into environmental politics. Somewhere along the line he found time to graduate from Reed College and to study Oriental languages at the University of California, Berkeley.
In the 1950's, he shipped out as a merchant seaman and then sojourned for 10 years in Japan, where he lived in a Buddhist monastery and learned the practice of Zen before Zen became a household word in the United States. He made a pilgrimage to the Indian subcontinent with Allen Ginsberg and others. Jack Kerouac wrote a fictional portrait of him as Japhy Ryder in the novel The Dharma Bums. Mr. Snyder has had the knack of anticipating trends such as environmentalism, Eastern spirituality and communal living that have later become influential in the culture at large.
Having participated in the Six Gallery reading in San Francisco that marked the first public impact of the Beat Generation as a literary phenomenon, Mr. Snyder had the staying power to play an important role in the 60's counterculture, when the environment became a political issue at the time of the People's Park demonstrations in Berkeley. His essay "Why Tribe" was influential among commune dwellers. He may have been the first American poet to use the word "ecology": the title of his book of prose writings Earth House Hold is a free rendering into plain English of what was then an unfamiliar word.
Longtime readers of Gary Snyder's poetry will have on their shelves his classic New Directions paperbacks with their austere black-and-white covers, their pages dogeared and stained from hard traveling on the overland trek to India and Nepal, rained on during camping trips to Yosemite. His new book, No Nature, brings together a generous sampling of the poetry and allows one to read it as one consistent lifetime's work.
Work is something this poet, who has combined a number of jobs, most of them outdoors, with his studies and his writing, evokes uncommonly well. In his poems we hear the sound of "a ringing tire iron / dropped on the pavement" and the "whang of a saw / brusht on limbs" (from "Some Good Things to Be Said for the Iron Age"). In "What You Should Know to Be a Poet," he praises "work, long dry hours of dull work swallowed and accepted / and livd with and finally lovd." Technology, particularly old technology, fascinates him. Here, in its entirety, is "Removing the Plate of the Pump on the Hydraulic System of the Backhoe": Through mud, fouled nuts, black grime it opens, a gleam of spotless steel machined-fit perfect swirl of intake and output relentless clarity at the heart of work.
At the same time, no one has written so forcefully against urban sprawl, pollution and mechanization, the "thousands / and thousands of cars / driving men to work." Somehow he has managed to stay outside what used to be called the System and to remain a free man….
This section contains 766 words
(approx. 3 pages at 300 words per page)


text:
Since 1950, Los Angeles Rod Reel Club (LARRC) members have been leaders in promoting sportfishing, conservation, and environmental issues. They partnered with POLAHS last fall to create the school's first after-school Fishing Club. Moderated by POLAHS' 2014 Teacher of the Year, Mr. Michael Aspinwall, students learn about local, deep sea, long range, freshwater, and fly fishing.
POLAHS' 6th Graduation Commencement Ceremony was held on June 5, 2014 at the Long Beach Terrace Theater. Congratulations, graduates!
Port of Los Angeles
High School
250 W. 5th Street
San Pedro, CA 90731
Read more
POLAHS Public Record Request


text:
Get the latest news, pictures and videos from brothers Guy and Howard Lawrence, better known as the UK electronic duo Disclosure behind hits like 'White Noise', 'Latch' and 'F For You'.
Did you know?
- Guy and Howard grew up in Reigate, Surrey.
- They supported Hot Chip and SBTRKT on their 2012 tours.
- The pair then released a remix of Jessie Ware's popular track 'Running'.
- Jessie and Disclosure appeared at a number of music festivals in the same year, including Bestival.
- Their debut album was released in March 2013.
- They performed at the Summertime Ball 2013 at Wembley Stadium.


text:
A mask having a mask pattern is provided on a mask table. A substrate is provided on a substrate table. The mask is irradiated to project an image of at least a portion of the mask pattern onto a radiation-sensitive layer of the substrate using a projection system. At least one of the mask and substrate tables is positioned using a drive unit having a stationary part coupled to a reaction frame. A position of at least one of the mask and substrate tables is measured using a measuring system having a plurality of measurement sensors that have a stationary part and a movable part. The movable part of one of the sensors is coupled to the one of the mask table and the substrate table whose position is measured, and the stationary parts of the sensors are coupled to a support frame mechanically isolated from the reaction frame.
1. A lithographic device comprising:
a radiation source;
a mask table;
a projection system having a main axis;
a substrate table;
a drive unit for displacing the substrate table relative to the projection system in at least one direction perpendicular to the main axis, the drive unit comprising a stationary part which is coupled to a reaction frame of the lithographic device;
a measuring system for measuring a position of the substrate table relative to the projection system, the measuring system having a plurality of measurement sensors that have a stationary part and a movable part;
the movable part of a first one of the sensors is coupled to the substrate table for cooperation with the stationary part of the first one of the sensors;
a support frame which is mechanically isolated from the reaction frame and to which the stationary parts of the sensors are coupled.
2. A lithographic device according to
3. A lithographic device according to
4. A lithographic device according to
5. A lithographic device according to
6. A lithographic device according to
7. A lithographic device according to
8. An exposure method using a lithographic device, the method comprising the steps of:
providing on a mask table a mask having a mask pattern;
providing on a substrate table a substrate having a radiation-sensitive layer;
irradiating the mask;
projecting an image of at least a portion of the mask pattern onto the radiation-sensitive layer using a projection system; and
before or during the step of projecting, at least one of the mask table and the substrate table is positioned using a drive unit that includes a stationary part coupled to a reaction frame of the lithographic device, and a position of at least one of the mask table and the substrate table is measured using a measuring system having a plurality of measurement sensors that have a stationary part and a movable part; the movable part of one of the sensors is coupled to the one of the mask table and the substrate table whose position is measured; the stationary parts of the sensors being coupled to a support frame that is mechanically isolated from the reaction frame.
9. A method as claimed in
10. A method as claimed in
11. A method as claimed in
12. A method as claimed in
13. A method as claimed in
14. A method as claimed in
This is a Division of application Ser. No. 09/449,762 filed Nov. 26, 1999, which in turn is a Continuation of application Ser. No. 09/192,153 filed Nov. 12, 1998 (now U.S. Pat. No. 6,246,202), which is a Continuation of application Ser. No. 08/416,558 filed Apr. 4,1995 (now U.S. Pat. No. 5,874,820). Said application Ser. No. 09/449,762 also is a Continuation-In-Part of application Ser. No. 09/127,288 filed Jul. 31, 1998 (now U.S. Pat. No. 6,049,186), which is a Continuation of application Ser. No. 08/627,824 filed Apr. 2, 1996 (now U.S. Pat. No. 5,942,871), which is a Continuation of application Ser. No. 08/221,375 filed Apr. 1, 1994 (now U.S. Pat. No. 5,528,118). The entire disclosures of the above-identified prior applications are hereby incorporated by reference herein in their entireties.
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to precision motion stages and more specifically to a stage suitable for use in a photolithography machine and especially adapted for supporting a reticle.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Photolithography is a well known field especially as applied to semiconductor fabrication. In photolithography equipment, a stage (an X-Y motion device) supports the reticle (i.e., mask) and a second stage supports the semiconductor wafer, i.e., the work piece being processed. Sometimes only a single stage is provided, for the wafer or the mask.
Such stages are essential for precision motion in the X-axis and Y-axis directions and often some slight motion is provided for adjustments in the vertical (Z-axis) direction. A reticle stage is typically used where the reticle is being scanned in a scanning exposure system, to provide smooth and precise scanning motion in one linear direction and insuring accurate, reticle to wafer alignment by controlling small displacement motion perpendicular to the scanning direction and a small amount of "yaw" (rotation) in the X-Y plane. It is desirable that such an X-Y stage be relatively simple and be fabricated from commercially available components in order to reduce cost, while maintaining the desired amount of accuracy. Additionally, many prior art stages include a guide structure located directly under the stage itself. This is not desirable in a reticle stage since it is essential that a light beam be directed through the reticle and through the stage itself to the underlying projection lens. Thus, a stage is needed which does not include any guides directly under the stage itself, since the stage itself must define a fairly large central passage for the light beam.
Additionally, many prior art stages do not drive the stage through its center of gravity which undesirably induces a twisting motion in the stage, reducing the frequency response of the stage. Therefore, there is a need for an improved stage and especially one suitable for a reticle stage.
A precision motion stage mechanism includes the stage itself which moves in the X-Y plane on a flat base. The stage is laterally surrounded by a "window frame" guide structure which includes four members attached at or near their corners to form a rectangular structure. The attachments are flexures which are a special type of hinge allowing movement to permit slight distortion of the rectangle. In one version, these flexures are thin stainless steel strips attached in an "X" configuration, allowing the desired degree of hinge movement between any two adjacent connected window frame members.
The window frame guide structure moves on a base against two spaced-apart and parallel fixed guides in, e.g., the X axis direction, being driven by motor coils mounted on two opposing members of the window frame cooperating with magnetic tracks fixed on the base.
The window frame in effect "follows" the movement of the stage and carries the magnetic tracks needed for movement of the stage in the Y axis direction. (It is to be understood that references herein to the X and Y axes directions are merely illustrative and for purposes of orientation relative to the present drawings and are not to be construed as limiting.)
The stage movement in the direction perpendicular (the Y axis direction) to the direction of movement of the window frame is accomplished by the stage moving along the other two members of the window frame. The stage is driven relative to the window frame by motor coils mounted on the stage and cooperating with magnetic tracks mounted in the two associated members of the window frame.
To minimize friction, the stage is supported on the base by air bearings or other fluid bearings mounted on the underside of the stage. Similarly, fluid bearings support the window frame members on their fixed guides. Additionally, fluid bearings load the window frame members against the fixed guides and load the stage against the window frame. So as to allow slight yaw movement, these loading bearings are spring mounted. The stage itself defines a central passage. The reticle rests on a chuck mounted on the stage. Light from an illuminating source typically located above the reticle passes to the central passage through the reticle and chuck to the underlying projection lens.
It is to be understood that the present stage, with suitable modifications, is not restricted to supporting a reticle but also may be used as a wafer stage and is indeed not limited to photolithography applications but is generally suited to precision stages.
An additional aspect in accordance with the invention is that the reaction force of the stage and window frame drive motors is not transmitted to the support frame of the photolithography apparatus projection lens but is transmitted independently directly to the earth's surface by an independent supporting structure. Thus, the reaction forces caused by movement of the stage do not induce undesirable movement in the projection lens or other elements of the photolithography machine.
This physically isolating the stage reaction forces from the projection lens and associated structures prevents these reaction forces from vibrating the projection lens and associated structures. These structures include the interferometer system used to determine the exact location of the stage in the X-Y plane and the wafer stage. Thus, the reticle stage mechanism support is spaced apart from and independently supported from the other elements of the photolithography machine and extends to the surface of the earth.
Advantageously, the reaction forces from operation of the four motor coils for moving both the stage and its window frame are transmitted through the center of gravity of the stage, thereby desirably reducing unwanted moments of force (i.e., torque). The controller controlling the power to the four drive motor coils takes into consideration the relative position of the stage and the frame and proportions the driving force accordingly by a differential drive technique.
The detailed description from U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/221,375 is reproduced below. FIGS. 1-11 of that application have been renumbered respectively as
The Detailed Description from U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/221,375
While it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the guideless stage, with or without its isolating reaction frame, has many applications to many different types of instruments for precise positioning of objects, the invention will be described with respect to a preferred embodiment in the form of a microlitholigraphic instrument for aligning wafers in a system where a lens produces an image which is exposed to the photoresist on the wafer surface. In addition, while the guideless stage with or without its isolation stage can be utilized as a guideless object stage movable in just one direction, such as a X or an Y direction, the preferred embodiment is directed to a guideless XY wafer stage as described below.
Referring now to the drawings, with particular reference to
Inertial or seismic blocks 222 are located on the system such as mounted on the arms 218. These blocks 222 can take the form of a cast box which can be filled with sand at the operation site to avoid shipment of a massive structure. An object or wafer stage base 228 is supported from the arms 218 by depending blocks 222 and depending bars 226 and horizontal bars 227 (see FIG. 7A).
The XY stage 230 also includes an appropriate element of a magnetic coupling means such as a linear drive motor for aligning the wafer with the lens of the optical system 216 for precisely positioning an image for exposure of a photoresist on the wafer's surface. In the embodiment illustrated, the magnetic coupling means takes the form of a pair of drive members such as X drive coils 242X and 242X′ for positioning the XY stage 230 in the X direction and a pair of Y drive members such as drive coils 244Y and 244Y′ for positioning the XY stage 230 in the Y direction. The associated portion of the magnetic coupling means on the reaction frame assembly 260 will be described in later detail below.
The XY stage 230 includes a pair of laser mirrors 238X operative with respect to a pair of laser beams 240A/240A′ and 238Y operative with respect to a pair of laser beams 240B/240B′ of a laser beam interferometer system 292 for determining and controlling the precise XY location of the XY stage relative to a fixed mirror RMX at the lower part of the lens barrel PL of the projection optical system 216.
Referring to
The reaction frame 261 includes face plates 264X and 264X′ extending between support posts 262 in the X direction and 266Y and 266Y′ extending between support posts in the Y direction. Inside the face plates 264-266 a plurality of reaction frame rails 267-269 and 267′-269′ are provided for supporting and guiding an X follower 272 and a Y follower 282. Inside face plate 264X are an upper follower guide rail 267 and a lower follower guide rail 268 (not shown) and on the inside surface of the opposite face plate 264X′ are upper and lower follower guide rails 267′ and 268′. On the inside surfaces of each of the face plates 266Y and 266Y′ is a single guide rail 269 and 269′, respectively, which is positioned vertically in between the guide rails 267 and 268.
The X follower includes a pair of spaced apart arms 274 and 274′ connected at their one end by a cross piece 276. Drive elements such as drive tracks 278 and 278′ (see
For movably mounting the X follower 272 on the reaction frame 261, the ends of the arms 274 and 274′ at the side of the reaction frame 261 ride or are guided on the rail 269, and the opposite ends of the arms 274 and 274′ ride on rail 269′ adjacent face plate 266Y′. For moving the X follower 272 a drive member 277 is provided on the cross piece 276 for cooperating with the reaction frame guide 269 for moving the follower 272 in a direction which is perpendicular to the X direction of the XY stage. Since the precision drive and control takes place in the XY stage 230, the positioning control of the X follower 272 does not have to be as accurate and provide as close tolerances and air gaps as the XY stage 230. Accordingly, the drive mechanism 277 can be made of a combination of a screw shaft rotated by a motor and a nut engaged by the X follower 272 or a combination of a coil assembly and a magnet assembly to establish a linear motor and each combination can be further combined with a roller guiding mechanism.
Similar to the X follower 272, the Y follower 282 includes a pair of arms 284 and 284′ connected at their one end by a crossbar 286 and including drive tracks 288 and 288′ for cooperating with the Y drive members 244Y and 244Y′. The arms 284 and 284′ of the Y follower 282 are guided on separate guide rails. The ends of arm 284 ride or are guided on the upper rails 267 and 267′ and the ends of arm 284′ are guided on lower rails 268 and 268′. A drive mechanism 287 is provided on the cross piece 286 of the Y follower 282 for moving the Y follower 282 along guides 267, 267′, 268 and 268′ between the face plates 266Y and 266Y′ in a direction perpendicular to the Y direction of the XY stage.
As best illustrated in
In operation of the guideless stage and isolated reaction frame of the invention, the XY stage 230 is positioned in an initial position relative to the projection lens as sensed by the interferometer system 292, and the XY stage 230 is supported in the desired Z direction from the object stage base 228 by the air bearings 236 with the drive coils 242X, 242X′, 244Y and 244Y′ spaced from the drive elements in the form of drive tracks 278, 278′, 288 and 288′, respectively. There is no direct contact between the XY stage 230 and the reaction frame 261. That is, there is no path for the vibration of the reaction frame to affect the position of the XY stage and vice versa. There is only indirect contact via the transmission means that deliver the signals to the coils and the laser interferometer position sensing system which then transmits sensed position information to the controller which receives other commands to initiate drive signals which result in movement of the XY stage 230.
With the known position of the XY stage 230 from the interferometer system 292, drive signals are sent from the position control system 294 to the appropriate drive coils, 242X, 242X′, 244Y and 244Y′ to drive the XY stage to a new desired position. The motion of the XY stage is sensed by the interferometer system 292 and position sensors 298X and 298Y (see FIG. 11), and the X follower 272 and Y follower 282 are driven by the drive members 277 and 287, respectively, to follow the XY stage. As illustrated in
Also, the position sensor 298Y detects a variation of X direction space between the XY stage 230 and the Y follower 282 and generates an electric signal representing the amount of space, and the drive member 287 is energized on the basis of the Y position information from the interferometer system 292 and the signal from the position sensor 298Y.
Yaw correction is accomplished by the pairs of linear motors which can be used to hold or offset yaw, or the pairs of linear motors can change the rotational position of the XY stage. The data from either or both pairs of laser beams 240A/240A′ and 240B/240B′ are used to obtain yaw information. Electronic subtraction of digital position data obtained from measurement using the laser beams 240A and 240A′ or 240B and 240B′ is performed or both differences are added and divided by two.
This invention allows the positioning function of the XY stage to be accomplished faster than if XY guides were used. Reaction forces created in moving the XY stage can be coupled away from the image forming optics and reticle handling equipment.
This invention needs no precision X or Y guides as compared to a guided stage, and precision assembly and adjustment of the wafer XY stage is reduced due to the lack of precision guides. The servo bandwidth is increased because the linear motor forces in the XY axes act directly on the wafer stage; they do not have to act through a guide system.
Forces from the XY linear motors can all be sent substantially through the center of gravity of the XY stage thereby eliminating unwanted moments of force (torque).
With the X follower 272 and the Y follower 282 mounted and moved totally independently of one another, any vibration of a follower is not conveyed to the wafer XY stage or to the optical system when using commercially available electromagnetic linear motors for the magnetic coupling between each of the followers 272 and 282 and the XY stage 230 and with clearance between the coils and magnet drive tracks less than about 1 mm. Additionally, with the arms of one of the followers spaced above and below the arms of the other follower, the vector sum of the moments of force at the center of gravity of the XY stage due to the positioning forces of cooperating drive members is substantially equal to zero.
No connection exists between the XY stage and the follower stages that would allow vibrations to pass between them in the X, Y or theta degrees of freedom. This allows the follower stages to be mounted to a vibrating reference frame without affecting performance of the wafer stage. For example, if the reaction frame were struck by an object, the XY stage and the projection optical system would be unaffected.
It will be appreciated by a person skilled in the art that if the center of gravity is not equidistant between either of the two X drive coils or either of the two Y drive coils, that appropriate signals of differing magnitude would be sent to the respective coils to apply more force to the heavier side of the stage to drive the XY stage to the desired position.
For certain applications the drive elements 242X/242X′ or 242Y/242Y′ of the actuator or magnetic coupling assembly for supplying electromagnetic force to the movable XY stage may be held stationary (see
In the last of the explanation of this embodiment, referring to
The stage base 228 is supported on the foundation (or ground, base structure) 221 by the isolation blocks 220, arms 218, blocks 222, the vertical bars 226 and the horizontal bars 227. Each of the isolation blocks 220 is composed of a vibration absorbing assembly to prevent transmission of the vibration from the foundation 221.
The two arms 274, 274′ are rigidly assembled to move together in Y direction by the guide rails 269, 269′ formed inside of the reaction frame 261. Also, the guide rails 269, 269′ restrict the movement of the two arms 274, 274′ in X and Z directions. The reaction frame 261 is directly supported on the foundation 221 by the four support posts 262 independently from the stage base 228.
Therefore, the drive coils 242X (242X′) and the drive tracks 278 (278′) are disposed with respect to each other to maintain a predetermined gap (a few millimeters) in Y and Z directions.
Accordingly, when the drive coils 242X, 242X′ are energized to move the XY stage 230 in X direction, the reaction force generated on the drive tracks 278, 278′ is transferred to the foundation 221, not to the XY stage 230.
On the other hand, as the XY stage 230 moves in Y direction, the two arms 274, 274′ are moved in Y direction by the drive member 277 such that each of the drive tracks 278, 278′ follows respective coils 242X, 242X′ to maintain the gap in Y direction on the basis of the measuring signal of the position sensor 298X.
While the invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiment having a pair of X drive members or coils 242X and 242X′ and a pair of Y drive members or coils 244Y and 244Y′, it is possible to construct a guideless stage with an isolated reaction frame in accordance with the invention with just three drive members or linear motors such as shown in
Referring now to
As illustrated in
In an operative example of the embodiment illustrated in
The Detailed Description from U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/416,558
The stage 10 is (in plan view) a rectangular structure of a rigid material (e.g., steel, aluminum, or ceramic). Two interferometry mirrors 14A and 14B located on stage 10 interact conventionally with respectively laser beams 16A and 16B. Conventionally, laser beams 16A are two pairs of laser beams and laser beams 16B are one pair of laser beam, for three independent distance measurements. The underside of stage 10 defines a relieved portion 22 (indicated by a dotted line, not being visible in the plane of the drawing). A reticle 24 is located on stage 10 and held by conventional reticle vacuum groove 26 formed in the upper surface of chuck plate 28. Stage 10 also defines a central aperture 30 (passage) below the location of reticle 24. Central aperture 30 allows the light (or other) beam which penetrates through reticle 24 to enter the underlying projection lens, as described further below. (It is to be understood that the reticle 24 itself is not a part of the stage mechanism.) Moreover, if the present stage mechanism is to be used for other than a reticle stage, i.e., for supporting a wafer, aperture 30 is not needed.
Stage 10 is supported on a conventional rectangular base structure 32 of, e.g., granite, steel, or aluminum, and having a smooth planar upper surface. The left and right edges (in
In an alternative air bearing/vacuum structure, the vacuum portion is physically separated from and adjacent to the air bearing portion. It is to be understood that the vacuum and compressed air are provided externally via tubing in a conventional cable bundle and internal tubing distribution system (not shown in the drawings for simplicity). In operation, stage 10 thereby floats on the air bearings 36A, 36B, 36C approximately 1 to 3 micrometers above the flat top surface of base structure 32. It is to be understood that other types of bearings (e.g., air bearing/magnetic combination type) may be used alternatively.
Stage 10 is laterally surrounded by the "window frame guide" which is a four member rectangular structure. The four members as shown in
The window frame guide structure moves in the X axis (to the left and right in
The window frame guide is driven along the X axis on fixed guides 46A and 46B, 64A and 64B by a conventional linear motor, which includes a coil 60A which is mounted on window frame guide member 40A. Motor coil 60A moves in a magnetic track 62A which is located in (or along) fixed guide 64A. Similarly, motor coil 60B which is mounted on window frame guide member 40B moves in magnetic track 62B which is located in fixed guide 64B. The motor coil and track combinations are part no. LM-310 from Trilogy Company of Webster Tex. These motors are also called "linear commutator motors". The tracks 62A, 62B are each a number of permanent magnets fastened together. The electric wires which connect to the motor coils are not shown but are conventional. Other types of linear motors may be substituted. It is to be understood that the locations of the motor coils and magnetic tracks for each motor could be reversed, so that for instance the magnetic tracks are located on stage 10 and the corresponding motor coils on the window frame guide members, at a penalty of reduced performance.
Similarly, stage 10 moves along the Y axis in
Also shown in
The use of the air bearing 72A opposing bearings 72B and 72C provides a loading effect to keep the window frame guide in its proper relationship to fixed guides 64A, 64B. Similarly, an air bearing 76A loads opposing air bearings 76B and 76C, all mounted on side surfaces of the stage 10, in maintaining the proper location of stage 10 relative to the opposing window frame guide members 40B and 40D. Again, in this case one air bearing such as 76A is gimbal mounted to provide a limited amount of misalignment, or gimbal mounted with the gimbal on a flexure (spring). Air bearings 72A, 72B, 72C and 76A, 76B, and 76C are conventional air bearings.
The outer structure 80 in
The drive forces for the stage mechanism are provided as close as possible through the stage mechanism center of gravity. As can be understood, the center of gravity of the stage mechanism moves with the stage 10. Thus, the stage 10 and the window frame guide combine to define a joint center of gravity. A first differential drive control (not shown) for motor coils 60A, 60B takes into account the location of the window frame guide to control the force exerted by each motor coil 60A, 60B to keep the effective force applied at the center of gravity. A second conventional differential drive control (not shown) for motor coils 68A, 68B takes into account the location of stage 10 to control the force exerted by each motor coil 68A, 68B to keep the effective force applied at the center of gravity. It is to be understood that since stage 10 has a substantial range of movement, that the differential drive for the motor coils 60A, 60B has a wide differential swing. In contrast, the window frame guide has no CG change, hence the differential drive for the motor coils 68A, 68B has a much lesser differential swing, providing a trim effect. Advantageously, use of the window frame guide maintains the reaction forces generated by movement of the reticle stage mechanism in a single plane, thus making it easier to isolate these forces from other parts of the photolithography apparatus.
The supporting structure 94 for the projection lens 92 is also shown in FIG. 2. As can be seen, structure 94 is separated at all points by a slight gap 96 from the base support structure 80 for the reticle stage mechanism. This gap 96 isolates vibrations caused by movement of the reticle stage mechanism from the projection lens 92 and its support 94. As shown in
The lower portion of
Each individual flexure is, e.g., � hard 302 stainless steel approximately 20 mils (0.02 inch) thick and can sustain a maximum bend of 0.5 degree. The width of each flexure is not critical; a typical width is 0.5 inch. Two, three or four flexures are used at each hinge 44A, 44B, 44C and 44D in FIG. 1. The number of flexures used at each hinge is essentially determined by the amount of space available, i.e., the height of the window frame guide members. The four individual flexures 130A, 130B, 130C, 130D shown in
Note that the frame members 40B, 40D of
In an alternate embodiment, the window frame guide is not hinged but is a rigid structure. To accommodate this rigidity and prevent binding, one of bearings 72C or 72B is eliminated, and the remaining bearing moved to the center of member 40B, mounted on a gimbal with no spring. The other bearings (except those mounted on stage 10) are also gimballed.
This disclosure is illustrative and not limiting; further modifications will be apparent to one skilled in the art in light of this disclosure and are intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims.
Patent Citations
Non-Patent Citations
Referenced by
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text:
"Rachelle has recently returned from the UK after spending 10 years there. Whilst there she took her first salsa class and quickly fell in love with it - so much so that she eventually set up her own salsa company on the south coast. Rachelle is popular throughout the south coast of England as a teacher because of her down to earth and fun teaching methods combining technique with fun and enthusiasm.
Rachelle's teaching focuses on leading and following techniques, as well as ladies' styling. Her absolute aim is to pass on and share her passion for dancing and for the salsa community. Her number one rule is to enjoy yourself on the dancefloor!
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text:
No go with Nvidia drivers
Ok, I'm running an Athlon XP 1800+ on an MSI KT3-Ultra(kt333) running Debian. I've installed the drivers as said on the Nvidia website from the tar.gz files. When I startx I just get a black screen and the console freezes period. According to XFree86.0.log everything is ok until it sets the mode to 1024x768 and that's it. I can still ssh into my box but that's it, no input comes in from the console and XFree86 starts eating up 99% of my cpu time. I've tried fiddling with agp, it's a nogo no matter what mode I put it into. Someone please help, I've been running linux for 2 years exclusively now but if I can't use my brand new $300 in hardware I'm just going to dump it but I really don't want to....
Please post your XF86Config-4 file and make sure you aren't using "rivafb" a (buggy) framebuffer driver for nvidia cards.
I'm running debian woody/sid here and I don't have any problems at all. First using xfree86 4.1 and now using the unofficial 4.2 debs.
Actually I got it, after reading throgh some obscure Gentoo documentation I found ot that the line Option "IgnoreEdid" "1" fixed my problem. It took some searching but I finally got it :cool:
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Remember letters? They were good, weren't they? The thrill of receiving that battered envelope, all the better for the wait . . . In this richly entertaining book, paper geek John O'Connell puts forward a passionate case for the value of letter-writing in a distracted, technology-obsessed world. Drawing on great examples from the past, he shows that the best letters have much to teach us – Samuel Richardson's 'familiar letters'; Wilfred Owen's outpourings… (más)
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text: American Journal of Information Systems http://www.sciepub.com/journal/AJIS American Journal of Information Systems is a peer-reviewed, open access journal that provides rapid publication of articles in all areas of information systems. The goal of this journal is to provide a platform for scientists and academicians all over the world to promote, share, and discuss various new issues and developments in different areas of information systems. Science and Education Publishing en 2013 Science and Education Publishing Co. Ltd All rights reserved. American Journal of Information Systems 2 3 January 2014 2013 Science and Education Publishing Co. Ltd All rights reserved. Computer System Users are like Fish http://pubs.sciepub.com/ajis/2/3/1 Ralph M. DeFrangesco 2014-10-29 Science and Education Publishing 2014-10-29 3 2 49 51 10.12691/ajis-2-3-1 Estimating Plans along with Cost in Multiple Query Processing Environments by Applying Particle Swarm Optimization Technique http://pubs.sciepub.com/ajis/2/3/2 Sambit Kumar Mishra, Srikanta Pattnaik, Dulu patnaik 2014-12-29 Science and Education Publishing 2014-12-29 3 2 52 55 10.12691/ajis-2-3-2


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New York WebcamsThis state was explored when a French ship visited this area in 1524. It became the part of United States in 1788 as 11th state. The city of Albany is the capital of the state. The state's name is generally written and called as New York State just to differentiate from New York City. On the north and west sides of the state there are Lake Erie and the Canadian province of Ontario. On south it is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania. Connecticut, Massachusetts and Vermont are situated in the east. Genesee, Mohawk and Hudson are the main rivers of the state. The agriculture sector contributes a lot to revenue generation for the state. Dairy products, nursery products, apples as well greenhouse are the major agricultural products. Livestock produces 2/3 of the agricultural income of agricultural income of the state. It is the leading state in manufacturing of chemical products. It produces the variety of pharmaceutical, computer machinery/chips, soap, paint, pesticides, plastics, fertilizer and photographic related products for the country.
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text: Simon Cowell Drives A Bugatti Veyron Filed to: What Celebrities Drive What Does Simon Cowell Drive Simon Cowell 1/31/09 4:47pmEditDelete Invite manuallyPromoteXDismissXUndismissBlock for jalopnikHideShare to KinjaShare to PinterestGo to permalink Sweet Top Gear top celebrity laps! The always obnoxious Simon Cowell drives the always amazing Bugatti Veyron. Back to What Celebrities Drive