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In bite-sized roles, Gandolfini ubiquitous again
In "Not Fade Away," Gandolfini reprises certain characteristics of Tony Soprano — an Italian patriarch displeased with his son — but the film also turns on a tender moment that bridges the generational divide. "Every guy who was in a band, that was the father," says Steven Van Zandt, Gandolfini's "Sopranos" co-star and a producer on "Not Fade Away."
"It's the time when you find out, all of a sudden you realize as you get older, that maybe your father wasn't just there to raise you, that he actually had dreams of his own and things that he wanted to do and things that he's sacrificed," says Gandolfini, a father of a 13-year-old son and, with his second wife Deborah Lin, a 2-month-old girl.
Gandolfini grew up in New Jersey the son of a bricklayer and a high school lunch lady. His blue collar roots clearly inform his attitude about acting; he sometimes seems almost embarrassed by his profession.
"People don't know and they shouldn't know that you work incredibly hard as an actor," he says. "So in terms of a blue collar background, that matches up. But it is an odd way to make a living. Putting somebody else's pants on and pretending to be somebody else is occasionally, as you grow older, horrifying."
But Gandolfini gravitated to acting as a release, a way to get rid of anger. "I don't know what exactly I was angry about," he says.
That inner rage helped Gandolfini land his breakthrough role as a brutal mob enforcer in Tony Scott's "True Romance," a part that led to Tony Soprano. His distaste for that character and some of Tony's uglier nature is still present for Gandolfini.
"I try to avoid certain things and certain kinds of violence at this point," he says. "I'm getting older, too. I don't want to be beating people up as much. I don't want to be beating women up and those kinds of things that much anymore."
In "Zero Dark Thirty" violence is meted out by others, while Gandolfini's foul-mouthed Panetta is an intimidating boardroom presence.
"He brings to the set so much authority and gravitas just naturally in who he is," says Bigelow. "It felt like a perfect symmetry."
"Killing Them Softy," though, is a rare return to the territory Gandolfini has avoided. This older, end-of-the-line gangster, Gandolfini says, completes an arc for him of mafia men, a kind of epilogue of the "last, most pathetic one in the end."
"I was hesitant to play another quote-unquote mob guy," he says. "You know, I've played a lot of these guys and so I'm getting to a place where I want to play different people. This is kind of a guy who's a culmination of everybody I've played at the end. This is like the last nail in the coffin."
Follow Jake Coyle on Twitter at: http://twitter.com/jake_coyle


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The girl's Heart of Hearts tee is a lightweight comfortable tee shirt made from 100% cotton. The girl's tee shirt features an adorable high quality print that looks great. The cotton tee is naturally breathable making it ideal for everyday wear during the summer. The casual tee is a brilliant addition to the summer wardrobe and will continue to look great wear after wear.
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Lena puts the last word on those creepy/crappy "Ex-Masturbator" t-shirts:
Lena puts the last word on those creepy/crappy "Ex-Masturbator" t-shirts:
Excellent–I want the hoodie. I don't think I have the hips for the panties. :|
Hey, other poster with a suspiciously similar name to mine. Same here. Why the hell is it that all the customized and humorous underwear on the internet are thongs? Is it that hard to print something on boxers? Briefs? Panties? Anything other than thongs?
Just for the record (and happiness of all children dancing in the rainbow) – there ARE boxes, too. (*evil laughter*)
LOL When i'll get back to USA – i'll take all boxers and hoodies, i swear! XD
I'd wear the thong. It shows off my cute butt. (even more evil laughter). An hi Lena. See you soon….
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text:
The vast majority of deaths occur in older adults. Paradoxically, knowledge on long-term trends in mortality inequalities among the aged, and particularly for those aged 80 years and over, is sparse. The historical trends in size and impact of socioeconomic inequalities on old age mortality are important to monitor because they may give an indication on future burden of inequalities. We investigated trends in absolute and relative educational inequalities in old age mortality in Norway between 1961 and 2009.
We did a register-based population study covering the entire Norwegian population aged 65-94 in the years 1961−2009 (1,534,513 deaths and 29,312,351 person years at risk). By examining 1-year mortality rates by gender, age and educational level we estimated trends in mortality rate ratios and rate differences.
On average, age-standardised absolute inequalities increased by 0.17 deaths per 1000 person-years per year in men (P<0.001), and declined by 0.07 deaths per 1000 person-years per year in women (P<0.001). Trends in rate differences were largest in men aged 75−84 years, but differed in direction by age group in women. The corresponding mean increase in age-standardised relative inequalities was 0.4% and 0.1% per year in men and women, respectively (P<0.001). Trends in rate ratios were largest in the youngest age groups for both genders and negligible among women aged 85−94 years.
While relative educational inequalities in old age mortality increased for both genders, absolute educational inequalities increased only temporarily in men and changed little among women. Our study show the importance of including absolute measures in inequality research in order to present a more complete picture of the burden of inequalities to policy makers. As even in older ages, inequalities represent an unexploited potential to public health, old age inequalities will become increasingly important as many countries are facing aging populations.
Keywords:Social inequality; Mortality differentials; Health trends; Old age; Nordic welfare model
Life expectancy has been increasing continuously in developed countries, leading to an ageing of societies [1]. Since the 1950s, this development has been driven increasingly by declining mortality among the aged [2]. However, the benefits of this trend have not been evenly distributed, as population figures conceal underlying socioeconomic inequalities in mortality trends [3].
From an earlier study we found that educational inequalities in mortality among Norwegians aged 45−64 years increased in the period 1960 to 2000 [4]. The corresponding widening of inequalities in life expectancy at age 35 seems to have resulted from delayed onset of gains in life expectancy in lower-educational groups compared with higher-educational groups [5]. Knowledge on trends in mortality inequalities among the aged, and particularly for those aged 80 years and over, is sparse, yet paradoxically, the vast majority of health problems, health services consumption, and deaths occur in older age groups [6,7]. Most of the published studies on trends in inequalities among older adults [3,8-15] have been restricted in age [3,8,15] or were conducted after 1980 [3,8-10,15]. Although some studies covered the period before 1980 [11,12,14] or after 2000 [10], or assessed temporal shifts in trends [8,11,13], there is a lack of studies of trends and their nuances over prolonged periods. Further, some studies have relied on relative inequality measures without notions of trends in mortality or absolute mortality differentials [9,12,13,16].
The choice of inequality measures in old age groups is particularly important because health problems tend to increase with age and policymakers need to anticipate increasing or declining inequalities in old age in the future. Although different inequality measures express different dimensions, the rationale for choosing one measure over another is rarely the subject of reflection [17]. Rate ratios (RRs) that express the relative scale of inequalities in health are the traditional choice in aetiological investigations [16,18]. They are scale-neutral, and therefore useful for directly comparing rates of outcomes measured on different scales [16,19]. Scale neutrality also implies that using ratios alone implicitly endorses equality per se, independent of the level or direction of trends in group-specific or overall population health [17]. Thus, rate ratios conceal the burden of inequalities [20] and thereby their importance to population health [16,17]. Public health importance might be better expressed in terms of rate differences (RDs) because they quantify the excessive rates attributable to being in the disadvantaged group of interest [17,21-23].
The relative risk of lower compared to higher socioeconomic position tends to diminish with age [6,12,24]. Some researchers have explained this tendency with health selection as being due to particularly high premature mortality in disadvantaged groups [7,24,25], or postponement of ill-health in groups of higher socioeconomic position [26]. However, age itself is a powerful risk factor for death [27,28]. The risk for death increases exponentially with increasing age and dominates most other risk factors for old age mortality [29,30]. Thus, in higher ages, we might expect the relative effects of risk factors such as low socioeconomic position to be more stable over time than in younger ages. The apparently negligible scaling and trends in relative inequalities in old age mortality conceal the fact that the largest mortality rate attributable to lower education occurs in the oldest age group. Thus, trends in absolute inequalities are particularly relevant when studying old age mortality [6].
Inequalities in health can be considered unfair [31,32] and a violation of the fundamental human right to enjoy the highest attainable standard of lifelong health [33]. However, overcoming inequalities is considered an achievable prevention strategy [32] that has enormous potential for improving population health [31,34]. Even in older ages, mortality and ill-health is amenable to interventions [35] and the interventions do not have to be lifelong [36]. Demographic studies provide strong evidence that changes in a wide range of current conditions are important for old age mortality, even for octogenarians and nonagenarians [36]. Numerous prevention strategies have proven to be effective in older ages [37-48] and treatment benefits might be more marked in older than younger individuals due to their greater risk of diseases and death [46]. Nonetheless, many of the potentially beneficial prevention strategies are probably not fully exploited. In addition, organizational features might also be of importance. For instance, fee-for-service financing might favor cure more than prevention [49], and lack of integration between hospitals and primary health care [50] might hamper effective treatment and rehabilitation of frail elderly. As ill-health can be prevented and death be delayed, old age inequalities in health should also be possible to reduce.
We investigated trends in relative risk (rate ratios) and absolute risk (rate differences) of educational inequalities in old age mortality in Norway in the period 1961 to 2009 during which considerable changes in mortality, health policy, and expansion of a comprehensive welfare state occurred.
Design, setting and data
Statistics Norway used unique personal id-numbers to link the Central Population Registry to educational data from the 1960 census, and from 1970, with data from the National Educational Database (NUDB). Thus, educational level in the 1960s is classified according to the 1960 census, while educational level after 1970 is classified according to the NUDB. NUDB was created in 2002 and is based on self-reported data in the 1970 census and thereafter of annual administrative records of data on new achievements from all educational institutions in Norway [51].
We generated 49 cohorts defined by all registered Norwegian citizens aged 65−94 years at any time within each year between 1961 and 2009. The 1961–1970 cohorts were restricted to people registered in the 1960 census. Cases that emigrated between 1961 and 1970 were censored in 1965. Cases that emigrated between 1971 and 2009 were included every year up to the time of emigration and excluded thereafter. The cohorts were followed up for deaths occurring within the following year in Norway.
The study was approved by the Regional Committee for Medical and Health Research Ethics, South East Norway (approval number 2010/260).
All deaths in Norway are reported on a medical death certificate issued by a medical practitioner and registered in the Central Population Registry. We classified education into two levels. Lower education was defined as compulsory primary or lower-secondary education corresponding to the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED97) levels 0−2 [52]. Higher education was defined as upper-secondary, post-secondary or tertiary education corresponding to ISCED97 levels 3−6. Although educational data from the 1960 census were coded differently than in the NUDB, we were able to adjust educational level for the 1960s by comparing frequency tables of education codes in 1960 and 1970. Adjustment was done by recoding all person-years in the 1960s according to the most frequent transition in educational classification between the 1960s and the 1970s. Education was almost complete for all cohorts. The highest proportion of missing educational data (both genders, total) was 2.6% in 1969 and 1970 (Additional file 1: Table A1). The trend effects were given by the continuous variable "year" which was equal to calendar year minus 1960.
Additional file 1. Table A1. Person-time at risk, numbers and percentage of gross data, with missing educational data, by age, gender and educational level in Norwegian men and women aged 65-94 at start of follow-up, 1961-2009.
Format: XLSX Size: 30KB Download file
Statistical analysis
We calculated age-standardised and age-specific mortality rates for educational groups separately by gender. Age-standardisation used the direct method with the mean number of person-years in the operational gender and age groups as the standard population. The population distribution in the 65−74, 75−84, and 85−94 age groups by gender was 61%, 32% and 7% for men, and 54%, 36% and 11% for women, respectively.
We started by estimating the age-standardised and age-specific mortality RD and mortality RR by educational level in both genders, with the higher educated as the reference group. We then tested for trends in mortality rates using Poisson regression models stratified by gender, age group, and educational level, with death count as the outcome variable, person-years as the exposure variable, and year as the covariate. Finally, we tested for trends in relative and absolute educational mortality inequalities in models stratified by age group and gender. Trends in relative inequalities were tested using Poisson regression models with death count as the outcome variable, person-years as the exposure variable, and year, educational level, and the interaction term education by year as covariates. The interaction terms were interpreted as the mean yearly relative changes in RRs. To test for trends in absolute inequalities, we used a weighted least square (WLS) regression model with mortality rate as the outcome variable, and year, educational level, and the interaction term education by year as covariates. The weights were equal to the number of person-years at risk in each stratum. We interpreted the interaction terms as the person-years weighted mean yearly absolute changes in RDs. The overall trends from 1961 to 2009 and a time-restricted analysis of the first and second half of the period were tested separately. Cases with missing values (education) were excluded from the analysis. We controlled for a possible misclassification bias due to differences in educational classification by means of a sensitivity analysis in which we estimated trends in mortality inequalities limited to the years 1971−2009.
We regarded two-sided P values <0.05 as statistically significant and used IBM SPSS Statistic 19 (IBM Corp, New York, USA 2010) for data preparation and analysis by WLS-regression models. Stata/IC 12.0 (StataCorp LP, Texas, USA, 2012) was used for tests using Poisson regression models and for graphics.
In total, we included 29,312,351 person-years at risk and 1,534,513 deaths in the period 1961−2009 for ages 65−94 years (Additional file 2: Table A2). The proportion of person-years with lower education decreased from 77% in 1961 to 62% in 1981, 43% in 2001 and 33% in 2009 for men (Additional file 3: Table A3). The corresponding decrease for women was from 87% to 70%, 55% and 45% (Additional file 3: Table A3).
Additional file 2. Table A2. Person-time at risk and number of deaths by age, gender and educational level in Norwegian men and women aged 65-94 at start of follow-up, 1961-2009.
Format: XLSX Size: 49KB Download file
Additional file 3. Table A3. Person-time at risk, proportions, by age, gender and educational level in Norwegian men and women aged 65-94 at start of follow-up, 1961-2009.
Format: XLSX Size: 33KB Download file
Between 1961 and 2009, the mortality for men declined in all age and educational groups (P<0.001), but the trends shifted over time (Figures 1 and 2). In both educational groups, mortality initially increased or remained unchanged before it started to decline. The decline appeared to start 5−10 years later among lower-educated than higher-educated men (Additional file 4: Table A4, Figures 1 and 2). Educational RDs and RRs increased in all age groups (Table 1). Between 1961 and 2009, the weighted mean yearly increase in the age-standardised RD was 0.17 per 1000 person-years and the increase was largest among men aged 75−84 (Table 1a). The corresponding mean yearly increase in age-standardised RR was 1.004 and the increase was largest among the younger age groups (Table 1b). The time-restricted analyses show that the increases in RDs and RRs were for all age groups mainly in the period 1985−2009 (Table 1). Both RDs and RRs increased in men aged 65−74 years in the period 1961−1984, and in all age groups thereafter (Table 1), but the increase seems to slow down after the 90s (Figure 3).
Additional file 4. Table A4. Mortality rate (MR) per 1000 person years by age, gender and educational level in Norwegian men and women aged 55-94 at start of follow-up during 1961-2009.
Format: XLSX Size: 33KB Download file
Figure 1. Trends in age-standardised mortality rates by educational level, 1961−2009. Men and women aged 65-94 years. One year mortality. Shaded area represents 95% confidence interval.
Figure 2. Trends in age-specific mortality rates by educational level, 1961−2009. Men and women aged 65−94 years. One year mortality. Shaded area represents 95% confidence interval. Note dissimilar scales on the vertical axis.
Table 1. Trends in educational inequalities in mortality, men and women aged 65−94 years between 1961 and 2009
Figure 3. Trends in rate differences and rate ratios between higher- and lower-educated, 1961−2009. Men and women aged 65−94 years. Shaded area represents 95% confidence interval. Note dissimilar scales on the vertical axis.
The mortality of women also declined in all age and educational groups between 1961 and 2009 (P<0.001) but shifted during the study period (Figures 1 and 2). For women, the decline was more constant and with a more similar absolute pace in the two educational groups compared with men. However, an apparent convergence of mortality during the first two decades seems to have preceded a period of slightly diverging trends. Educational RDs decreased among women aged 75−84 in the period 1961−2009, while there were no significant overall trends in RDs among women aged 65−74 and 85−94 (Table 1a). This resulted in an overall weighted mean yearly decrease in age-standardised RDs of −0.07 per 1000 person-years (Table 1a). Trends in educational RRs increased except during the 1970s, with an overall mean yearly increase in age-standardised RRs of 1.001 (Table 1b). The largest relative changes occurred among the youngest age group while the trend was not statistically significant among women aged 85−94 (Figure 3). According to the time-restricted analyses and Figure 3, both RRs and RDs appeared to decrease during the 70s, stabilize during the 80s and increase during the 90s. However, there were no statistically significant age-specific trends during the first half of the observation period, in neither absolute nor relative inequalities (Table 1). In the period 1985−2009, RDs and RRs increased slightly in all age groups, except for the trend in RD for those aged 85−94, which was not statistically significant. In both genders, neither the age-standardised trends nor the age-specific trends in inequalities differed substantially in significance level or direction from trends in the sensitivity analysis limited to the years 1971−2009 (Additional file 5: Table A5).
Additional file 5. Table A5. Sensitivity analysis. Trends in educational inequalities in mortality, men and women aged 65-94 years between 1971 and 2009.
Format: XLSX Size: 11KB Download file
Key findings
During the last five decades all groups have benefited from declining mortality, but not equally; absolute educational inequalities periodically increased in men but changed little in women, while relative inequalities increased in both genders. The increase in absolute inequalities slowed down in men in the last decades, but is ongoing in the youngest women. While trends in relative inequalities were smaller in older compared with younger age groups, trends in absolute inequalities were largest in men aged 75−84 years.
Strengths and limitations
This study has several strengths. First, it includes the total target population with very few missing cases. Second, the study period is long, covering almost half a century, which featured establishment of a comprehensive welfare state and high economic growth. Third, by estimating 1-year age-specific mortality, we were able to describe more nuances for the continuous change in educational inequalities than has previously been reported among older persons. Fourth, we illustrated changes in the impact of educational inequalities over decades of substantial increases in educational attainment. Finally, our results are relevant to others, as the Norwegian population resembles other northern European countries in terms of trends in life expectancy and educational attainment [53].
We also note some limitations to this study. First, the different data source for educational level in the 1960s involved potential misclassification. We adapted the educational level from the 1960s to the classification used after 1970. Adjustment error might explain the increased inequalities in mortality at 1971. According to the sensitivity analysis, the trends in mortality inequalities did not change substantially when limiting the study period to 1971−2009 and the effect of this potential misclassification bias is likely to be limited.
Second, most of the older population attained only compulsory basic schooling. As the extent of differentiation in educational level was limited, we compressed the educational hierarchy into two strata. Although this is a rough classification, it reduces the extent of misclassification bias to a minimum and provides results that can be applied in other countries.
Third, the registrations of educational level were self-reported in the 1960- and 1970 censuses, whereas updated data were collected directly from educational institutions thereafter. As the majority of the study population had probably attained their highest education prior to 1970, most of the education level data was solely based on the self-reported data. Although the direction of a possible misclassification bias due to inaccurate self-reporting of educational level is not clear, we find it unlikely that it would substantially bias the trends.
Comparison with previous studies
Although our main findings are in line with those from other Western countries, they provide more nuanced trends of wider dimensions of inequality than have previously been reported. As mortality increases with age, relative inequalities attenuate whereas absolute inequalities seem to increase [6,12,24]. In most Western countries, old age mortality has declined in all socioeconomic strata over recent decades, but more so among those in higher socioeconomic strata [3,8-11,13]. The same tendency is found in middle-aged populations in Norway [4,54] and other Western countries [3]. According to our analysis, educational inequalities were somewhat weaker in the 1990s compared with earlier analysis of Norwegian data by Huisman et al [6]. The differences are probably due to the use of a different classification of educational level and the use of weights.
Recent gains in life expectancy have been driven primarily by declining mortality among the aged [2]. Thus, the delayed mortality decline among lower-educated older men probably explains most of the corresponding educational lag in life expectancy gain at age 35 that we found in a previous study [5].
Explanation and interpretation of results
The differences we found between trends in absolute and relative inequalities in mortality are not contradictory, but rather reflect different dimensions of inequalities [17,21,23]. Whereas the largest mortality rate attributable to lower education occurs in the oldest age group [6], the corresponding relative effects of lower education diminish compared with the overall death risk of old age itself [6]. When viewed over time, the postponement of death to increasingly higher ages allowed the relative effect of risk factors other than age to emerge in the younger age groups. Hence, relative educational inequalities increased. These increases might not be a surprise since proportional mortality declines are unlikely in periods of large mortality declines [54,55]. On the other hand, mortality attributable to lower education increased or remained stable despite major improvements in population health.
The periods of stable absolute inequalities might reflect the accumulated effect of multiple disadvantaged factors associated with lower education. The distribution of causes of death are increasingly diversified with higher ages [56]. While premature mortality tends to affect high-risk individuals and often is associated with certain risk factors, older adults are vulnerable to multiple diseases due to the aging-related physiological functional decline and loss of reserve [56]. Thus, while in younger populations, inequalities in all-cause mortality are sensitive to inequalities in specific risk factors for dominating causes of death, the influence of inequalities in a single risk factor attenuate with higher ages. Hence, the periods of stable absolute inequalities in our study might suggest that the disadvantages of being lower educated persisted regardless of the changes in the prevalence of diseases and known risk factors [57,58].
Nevertheless, there were periods of lagged mortality decline in lower-educated men compared with higher-educated men aged 65−84. This might be interpreted in light of Victora's reverse equity hypothesis [55] as traces of an education-dependent lag in adoption of major healthy innovations. In this case, such innovations must have been aimed at risk factors that were particularly lethal and common in men. For instance, steeper educational inequalities during the smoking epidemic [59,60] might explain the widening of absolute educational inequalities in mortality among men in our study [61]. This would be in line with findings in studies on inequalities and cause-specific mortality in middle-aged populations, where cardiovascular mortality has been the main driver of socioeconomic diverging trends in mortality [3,4].
In women, the long-term absolute and parallel declines in mortality reveal few dynamics attributable to changing educational inequalities in lethal epidemics. Trends might be shifting, though, as absolute inequalities increased slightly from the 1990s in the youngest age groups. The delayed and weaker dynamics compared with men might be explained by gender differences in smoking history as the proportion of current smokers peaked later in women than in men, and their tobacco consumption was smaller [59].
Another often-mentioned explanation might be that lower-educated people are more homogeneously disadvantaged now than before [3,10,11,58]. A more marginalised group of lower-educated people might be less susceptible to public health initiatives and present an increasing challenge to public health policies. The lower educated group was however not marginal in size during the study period, and constituted one third of all men and almost half of all women in 2009. Compositional changes in the higher educated group might also explain the persistent and widening inequalities. During the study period, the share of tertiary educated within the group of higher educated in our study increased. If there is a mortality gradient by each level of education, this would lead to widening of inequalities in mortality between the two educational groups studied. A rise in educational level within the higher educated group might also explain why the decline in mortality among those with higher education did not slow down as the group grew in size. Instead, they experienced the strongest decline in mortality. Nevertheless, contrasted with the others, mortality was persistently elevated in the group of lower educated people.
In this study, following the whole old age Norwegian population for almost five decades, we found decreasing mortality in all educational groups, but absolute educational differences in mortality were large and persisting. Also, relative disadvantages in older adults with lower education increased almost continuously as population health improved. Thus, educational inequalities in old age mortality have posed an important and persistent challenge to public health. Inequality research should always include absolute measures in order to present a more complete picture of the burden of inequalities to policy makers. This need is particularly evident among the old. As even in older ages, inequalities represent an unexploited potential to public health, old age inequalities will become increasingly important as many countries are facing aging populations.
RD: Risk Difference; RR: Risk Ratio; ISCED97: International Standard Classification of Education; WLS: Weighted least square; CI: Confidence Interval.
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Authors' contributions
All authors contributed to the design of the study, interpretation of the results and the editing of the manuscript. Data were compiled by ØN and Statistics Norway. Data were analysed by JOM. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
We thank Statistics Norway for providing us with data and Kåre Bævre at the Norwegian Institute for Public Health for preparing the data for analysis and valuable discussions. We also thank Terje P. Hagen and seminar participants at the University of Oslo and the Norwegian Institute of Public Health for valuable comments on the manuscript. This study was funded by the Norwegian Institute of Public Health (ÓAS, BHS, EKG, ØN) and the University of Oslo (JOM, ØN). The funding bodies had no role in the study design; collection, analysis, and interpretation of the data; writing of the manuscript; or the decision to submit the article for publication.
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Preamble to the Constitution of the World Health Organization as adopted by the International Health, Conference, New york, 19-22 june, 1946; signed on 22 July 1946 by the representatives of 61 states (Official Records of the World Health Organization, no. 2, p. 100) and entered into force on 7 April 1948.
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text:
29th November 2014
France: Former President who wants to repeal same-sex marriage elected as opposition leader 11
9:55 PM — Former French President Nicolas Sarkozy, who wants to repeal same-sex marriage, has been elected to lead the main opposition party.
19th November 2014
US: Former 'ex-gay' leader gets married… to a man 19
1:03 PM — The former director of an 'ex-gay' group, who claimed to have been cured of homosexuality, has married his same-sex partner.
19th October 2011
Former Botswana president calls for legalisation of homosexuality 30
4:53 PM — Festus Mogae, the former president of Botswana, has said that homosexuality should be decriminalised to help tackle HIV rates. Speaking to the BBC's Africa Network, Mr Mogae said that while he does not "understand" homosexuality, gays and lesbians should not be arrested.
28th January 2010
Italy opens first transgender prison 3
2:10 PM — Italy is to open its first prison specially for trans inmates. The building, a former halfway house for women, is in the town of Empoli in Tuscany. It will open in late March.


text:
I could put up with the fact that the Hotel's hallway looked unkempt, with bits that had been painted over in a hurry that should have been tidied up first. We put up with the cold tap giving hot water, and the hot tap giving cold, and also the fact that one of the taps could twist around on the sink. The water damaged ceiling above one of the beds and the mould stains in the bathroom were not attractive, but I could even overlook this, because the family did actually enjoy the breakfast - although having to go next door but one for it was not the best way to start the day. I could put up with all of this if it were not for one thing. My daughter accidentally left her teddy bear in the room, when we left and didn't mention it for a week. When we rung up the Astoria, we were told that they had looked but couldn't find it and that they would probably have thrown it away. What kind of people would do this?
yes , I admit, we should have re-checked, we thought we had! but things do get left in hotel rooms and I would have expected a call , or an email, just to say "would you like your teddy back?"
In my opinion, Avoid this hotel like the plague, this does not seem to be a place that cares about it's guests!
- Reservation Options:
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- Also Known As:
- Belmont & Astoria Hotel London
- Belmont And Astoria Hotels
- Belmont Astoria London
- Belmont & Astoria Hotels London, England


text:
You are hereHome › Carol Bratt › Modify an Existing Macro: MS Word
Modify an Existing Macro: MS Word
Sometimes after you have recorded a macro, you can't remember the name or it doesn't do exactly what you wanted it to do or you want another macro that is almost the same.
Luckily, all of these things can be taken care of. You can change an existing macro by changing its name, making a copy of it, deleting it or changing the actions of the macro.
Macros are recorded in a programming language called Visual Basic for Applications (VBA). The VBA program can be changed to modify the action of the macro. The language may be confusing at first, but a closer look will show you that the code echoes the selections you made while recording the macro.
To delete a macro, follow the handy steps below:
- Choose Tools | Macro | Macros.
- Select the macro you wish to delete.
- Click Delete.
- Click Close.
You can make changes to an already existing macro by following the steps below:
- Choose Tools | Macro | Macros.
- Select the macro.
- Click Edit.
- Close the window.
The change is automatically saved.
Most often, it is easier to record the macro again from the beginning than modifying the Visual Basic code.
In my next article, I'll explain how to rename a macro and copy a macro.
(c) Carol Bratt, all rights reserved. Used with permission. Duplication is forbidden without express consent of author. Visit Carol's web site to learn more tips like this one!


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Tamar Braxton Kicks Off Love And War TourMay 19, 2014 09:55:00 by Stephanie Gustafson
The world has long regarded Toni Braxton as the most memorable gal on Braxton Family Values, but that may be about to change. Tamar Braxton is enjoying her own ascent to fame — and not just as a result of her reality show! The singer recently launched her Love and War tour, which received plenty of Facebook praise following its Miami debut.
Topics: Braxton Family Values, WE Reality TV Shows | No Comments »
Tamar And Towanda Braxton Share Insights From Ongoing FeudFebruary 3, 2014 02:00:15 by Stephanie Gustafson
Most of the drama on Braxton Family Values seems to revolve around Tamar and Towanda Braxton. According to Towanda, the sisters struggle with differing notions of boundaries. Can they work through their issues — or will this feud continue to annoy Braxton fans in 2014?
Topics: Braxton Family Values, WE Reality TV Shows | 13 Comments »
Towanda Braxton Confirms Relationship With Kordell StewartFebruary 2, 2014 04:00:52 by Stephanie Gustafson
Kordell Stewart clearly has a thing for reality stars! Following the painful ending of his relationhip with Porsha Williams, the athlete quickly found himself in the arms of Towanda Braxton. After skirting the issue for quite some time, the Braxton Family Values star finally confirmed the relationship during an interview with Bethenny Frankel.
Topics: Bravo Reality TV Shows, Braxton Family Values, The Real Housewives Of Atlanta, WE Reality TV Shows | 18 Comments »
Tamar Braxton's Husband Owes Millions In TaxesJanuary 30, 2014 04:00:53 by Stephanie Gustafson
Tamar Braxton may not be a cast member on any of the Real Housewives series, but her husband's current legal issues reminds us a bit of the Braxton Family Values star's reality TV counterparts. Apparently, Vincenet Herbert owes well over $3 million in taxes — how will he get himself out of this mess?
Topics: Braxton Family Values, WE Reality TV Shows | 5 Comments »
Tamar Braxton Dishes On Relationship With Vincent HerbertJanuary 2, 2014 06:00:13 by Stephanie Gustafson
Tamar Braxton has come a long way these past few years, transitioning from Toni's shadow to a star in her own right. But the Braxton Family Values singer maintains that none of this would have been possible without the constant support of her husband, Vincent Herbert.
Topics: Braxton Family Values, WE Reality TV Shows | No Comments »
Traci Braxton Dishes On Her Extraordinary Weight LossDecember 31, 2013 09:00:10 by Stephanie Gustafson
Traci Braxton recently lost a ton of weight — 64 pounds, to be precise — and she's mighty of her new body! The Braxton Family Values star recently appeared on NewsOne Now, where she chatted with Roland Martin about her big slim-down. How'd she drop the extra pounds?
Topics: Braxton Family Values, WE Reality TV Shows | 1 Comment »
Traci, Trina And Towanda Braxton To Support Anti-Bullying Charity On Who Wants To Be A MillionaireDecember 10, 2013 03:00:39 by Stephanie Gustafson
You gotta give it to the Braxtons — no matter how much they bicker on Braxton Family Values, their hearts are in the right place. Traci, Trina and Towanda Braxton are once again highlighting their inherent compassion by raising money for the anti-bullying campaign Saving Our Daughters, all while showing off their trivia skills on Who Wants To Be A Millionaire!
Topics: Braxton Family Values, WE Reality TV Shows | 1 Comment »
Tamar Braxton Debuts 'She Can Have You' Music VideoDecember 5, 2013 02:00:20 by Stephanie Gustafson
Just a few days after making a huge impression at the Soul Train Awards, singer and Braxton Family Values star Tamar Braxton has returned with a brand new music video. Based on the Winter Loversland hit She Can Have You, this holiday-themed video is clearly a far cry from the disastrous Hot Sugar!
Topics: Braxton Family Values, WE Reality TV Shows | No Comments »
Braxton Family Values: Tension Between Towanda And Tamar Braxton ContinuesNovember 29, 2013 03:00:19 by Stephanie Gustafson
If there's one thing we're truly thankful for, it's the continued drama on Braxton Family Values! Last night, WeTV had the good sense to air a new episode of BFV, which, thanks to the continued rift between Towanda and Tamar Braxton, offered plenty in terms of entertainment value. What spurred the sisters' latest feud?
Topics: Braxton Family Values, WE Reality TV Shows | 28 Comments »
Tamar Braxton Dishes On Winter Loversland Christmas AlbumNovember 23, 2013 03:19:10 by Stephanie Gustafson
With Toni Braxton supposedly taking a break from showbiz — and fans of Braxton Family Values know just how long that lasted — fellow musician and sister Tamar Braxton has found herself stepping into the spotlight. The singer's latest and greatest project? Winter Loversland, a Christmas album that appeals to single and taken ladies alike.
Topics: Braxton Family Values, WE Reality TV Shows | No Comments »


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New vendors, bumper growth in wake of NetApp lossApr 28
Nick Verykios talks new vendors, bumper growth - and the 'false economy' of NetApp's dual distribution. Read More →
Nick Verykios talks new vendors, bumper growth - and the 'false economy' of NetApp's dual distribution. Read More →
Distribution Central has joined the elite of NetApp distributors, becoming the only ANZ distributor to achieve Star Distributor status in ANZ. Read More →
A multi-vendor hybrid cloud is the only hybrid cloud that will matter Read More →
Featured NetApp has appointed Westcon Group as a second distributor for the New Zealand and Australian markets, following a lengthy review of local distribution. Read More →
Featured Distribution Central has racked up a dramatically improved profit in New Zealand for the 2014 financial year. Read More →
"The poor results of the first quarter were driven by several factors, the most important of which was a -25% decline in high-end storage spending." Read More →
NetApp, currently distributed exclusively by Distribution Central, is reviewing its distribution strategy due to the changing business environment. Read More →
As organisations of all sizes move into the cloud era, companies are searching for solutions that will enable them to make the transition quickly and efficiently. Read More →
Veeam Software is collaborating with NetApp to create a new data protection solution for the modern data centre to enable the always-on business. Read More →
The greatest innovation in the storage space over the past few years is in Flash, says Matt Swinbourne, systems engineering manager, NetApp. Read More →
In its early days, NetApp remembers how few people saw how pervasive virtualisation technologies would become. Read More →
"It's not about what you can do for your customer, it's about what your customer wants you to do for them." Read More →
Featured After logging its most profitable quarter ever, Distribution Central is promising to pump the local profits back into the New Zealand operations, including increased focus on its Aruba and NetApp distributions. Read More →
What killed the dinosaurs? What killed the Roman Empire? Read More →
Companies launch brand new incentive program for NetApp silver partners - rewarding and supporting partners in activating their NetApp business. Read More →


text:
The Message audio Bible is now available on Bible Gateway! Click to learn more.
(Ezek. 25:16), more frequently Cherethites, the inhabitants of Southern Philistia, the Philistines (Zeph. 2:5). The Cherethites and the Pelethites were David's life-guards (1 Sam. 30:14; 2 Sam. 8:18; 20:7, 23; 23:23). This name is by some interpreted as meaning "Cretans," and by others "executioners," who were ready to execute the king's sentence of death (Gen. 37:36, marg.; 1 Kings 2:25).


text:
Search: DoctorowSearch profiles »
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I like science fiction novels which I don't read enough of anymore but if I had to name a few authors I'd say Doctorow , Banks , and Vinge just to be slightly obscure.
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Books: Pratchett , Rankin , Heinlein , Doctorow & etc, also everything and anything by Rebecca Borgstrom/Jenna Moran.
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Books: Neal Stephenson , Poe , Heinlein , Le Guin, Niven, Kafka , Iain Banks , Doctorow , Arthur Clarke , Lewis, BronteMovies: Casino , Mulholland Drive ( David Lynch in general), Blade Runner , Lars von Trier (Dogville, Nymphomaniac.
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Mathematically speaking, The Trifecta is comprised of 1/3 Dawn, 1/3 Bridget, and 1/3 Juliana. This test is designed to calculate which "third" you mos...
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So why do you like Zuruggu? For me, it just looks cool, no reason needed for that.
Well, he's like Steve Urkel. And he's pretty cool.
He reminds me of about 3/4 of the boys in my school.
Guys really do wear lose pants. I'd know, I am one.
Its animation is funny/cute. :3
He looks like a lovable fool with his pants on the ground. :3
He's cool, and funny. BTW, when I first saw a picture of it on Pokebeach, I thought it was a fake. :p
He reminds me of me who can't keep their pants up.
He looks cute :)
I like its moving sprite for some reason... ^^;
Scraggy (& Scrafty) represent hip-hop culture, or to a more general extent, rebellion, which I so love. & it's a lizard :D & it's dark/fighting type. it's too epic.


text:
Prices, specials, features and availability subject to change.
Contact for details (703) 638-1786
Mid-rise living in a commuters dream location! Move in today and never have to go far for recreation, shopping and dining...it's all here for you, waiting at your doorstep to make your life more convenient! Find amazing views and affordable prices with all utilities included here in a superior location in Alexandria, Virginia in Fairfax County, off I-395 near the intersection of the Capital Beltway and I-95.
Our property is conveniently located near I-395 near I-95/495, Downtown D.C., Old Town Alexandria, Landmark center, fashion center at Pentagon City. The beautiful grounds of the apartment feature a swimming pool, community tennis courts, volleyball and basketball courts, children's play area, and plentiful parking. Rental units include the following great amenities, all utilities included, equipped kitchens, heating and air conditioning, abundant closet space, and huge floor plans. Lease your new apartment home today!
Leases Offered: 6, 9 & 12 Month Options. Call for details.
Cats Allowed. Dogs Allowed. Call for service animal policy.
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Has Star Wars Galaxies got any better?
View Single Post
Registered User
Join Date: Aug 2002
Location: Ontario
Posts: 116
Originally posted by The Baron
CH... you lamer. Just wait till they fix Center of Being (well, more precisely Defense Acuity, which will in turn fix Center of Being for TKAs) and I demolish any creature you can throw at me. Then I knock you down using my Mad Pistoleer Skills and pummel you to death SABIN BUM RUSH STYLE.
Its a shame pistoleer only has a knockdown in the same range as a TKA. Pistol Melee Defence 1. Is the only kd that a pistoleer gets. Unless you take the dirty fiighint line from smuggler pistols have no ranged kd. In a duel against any melee class just stay 20 meters away and you'll be laughing at them.
Smuggler has the best pistol specials of any class right now. Its why i dropped all my pistoleer skills (was a 0,4,4,4) paired with Bh pistol 4 and picked up the smuggler pistol skills. I was soloing mountain squills to gain my last box in dirty fighting. I have also solo'd krayts and ancient rancors without using pets. Love /feign. Panic Shot/Lowblow is insane. Now with last ditch doing 2k damage with my pre-patch krayt scatter and FWG5 its all kinds of fun. Its a shame they had to nerf the guns.
Here's an easy way to level unarmed 4 for those trying to get there.
Get yourself some sliced vibro knucklers. You aren't certed to use em but the added speed makes up for the lesser damage. Then grind up and gain novice pistoleer and stack health shot 1 and 2 on something and immediately switch to unarmed. The bleeds will count as damage done from the next attack you use. So if you use unarmed you'll gain unarmed XP for the damage done by the bleeds. Just set yourself up an attack macro as the following:
/ui actionSlot (where you put your VK's in your toolbar)
puch away as it bleeds to save time killing things for more xp. With the new DOT restrictions you can just walk away as it bleeds down to 1 health then walk up for the easy punch to gain full xp.
And all those voices in my head have every right to be there.
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Rated 5 / 5 stars
Superb job; she radiates strength and determination, yet is elegant and graceful at the same time. Perhaps Ludmilla would be a good name.
Rated 5 / 5 stars
if she doesn't have a name you should call her Jane Doe
Rated 5 / 5 stars
U got skill
Rated 5 / 5 stars
Arica Night, thats seams a fitting name.
MaskedGuardian responds:
I keep reading this as Africa Night XD Can we switch the spelling to Erica?


text:
Rockets sign PG Scott Machado.
Jonas Jerebko will sign a two-year, $10 million deal with the Celtics.
Restricted free agent Kyle Singler has agreed to a five-year, $25 million deal with the Thunder.
Amir Johnson has agreed to a two-year, $24 million deal with the Celtics, according to Adrian Wojnarowski.
The Warriors and restricted free agent Draymond Green have broken off contract talks.
Tyson Chandler has agreed to a deal with the Suns worth $52 million over four years.
The Suns and Brandon Knight have agreed on a five-year, $70 million deal.
The Grizzlies and Mo Williams have been in contact regarding a contract.
Kevin Love announced he will return to the Cavs and accept a five-year, $110 million deal.
The Cavs and Tristan Thompson are nearing a deal worth $80 million.
Jimmy Butler is finalizing a max deal with the Bulls worth $95 million over five years.
Alexis Ajinca will sign a four-year, $20.2 million deal to remain with the Pelicans.


text:
Prospect watch: Penns Manor's Danny Ferens
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6-foot, 195 pounds, QB-WR, Penns Manor
After rushing for 1,818 yards and 31 touchdowns this past fall, Danny Ferens wanted to keep the ball in his hands in college even if he knew his days at quarterback were numbered.
When Penn promised he could play receiver, Ferens couldn't turn down the combination of Ivy League academics and playing offense for a Division I-FCS team.
"It's going to be a little bit different at first, but I feel I can adapt," Ferens said. "What the coaches tell me is that I'm best in the open field. They want to throw it to me in the open."
Ferens is the son of Dan Ferens, a business administrator in the Steelers' front office. Despite playing in relative obscurity at Penns Manor, a District 6-A school in Indiana County, he still had offers from Air Force, Colgate, Duquesne, Lehigh and Indiana (Pa.). Pitt and Penn State wanted him as a preferred walk-on.
"I think he's an electric athlete," said Bob Lichtenfels, recruiting analyst for 247 Sports. "Every time he touches the ball, he's literally a threat to score. The thing that hurt him over the years is competition. He hasn't played anybody, so he hasn't been seen that much. But he literally dominated everybody he played."
Lichtenfels believes that Ferens, who has been timed at 4.52 seconds in the 40-yard dash, would have had BCS offers if he had played in the WPIAL. Ferens, who has a 96-percent grade average and scored 1,660 on the SAT, had his eye on the Ivy League anyway.
"I thought about moving, but I was too loyal to my team and my close-knit friendships," Ferens said. "Even if I'd had the D-I offers, I probably still would have went the Ivy League route just because of the education."
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Qabeelat Ansar
Last Activity: 08-02-2007 10:27 PM
About Me
- About radnad
- Location
- Ottawa, Canada
- Gender
- Female
- "What could my enemies do to me? My Paradise is in my heart, it is with me wherever I go. To imprison me is to provide me with seclusion. To send me into exile is to send me away in the Path of Allah. And to kill me is to make me a martyr." - Ibn Taymiyyah


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American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
Women's Health.gov
Health Canada
The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
American Academy of Family Physicians.
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). American Academy of Family Physicians website.
Available at:
. Accessed July 4, 2007.
Bhatia SC, Bhatia SK. Diagnosis and treatment of premenstrual dysphoric disorder.
Am Fam Physician.
Mayo Clinic. What's the difference between premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) and premenstrual syndrome (PMS)? How is PMDD treated? Mayo Clinic website. Available at:
. Updated June 22, 2010. Accessed November 10, 2010.
Women's Health.gov. Premenstrual syndrome. Women's Health.gov website. Available at:
Accessed July 4, 2007.
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Hi! I'm Katy and I am the mom of an 11 year old boy that has a strong mindset, vision and an amazing understanding of life. He taught me long time ago to trust him. He can make dec ...


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The teaser of the Tamil film 'Maari' had hiked the anticipation of cinema goersand the film is now out with its trailer video. The action comedy features Dhanush in the titular role of a mafia chieftain. ...read more
Dhanush News
The official teaser trailer of the highly anticipated Tamil film 'Maari' featuring actor Dhanush has been released by Sony Music India. The first look teaser released on May 21, features the theme music track titled 'The Maari Swag'. The 30-second video portrays Dhanush's swag as his chara...read more
Opened with a mixed review, Amitabh Bachchan and Dhanush starrer 'Shamitabh' earned Rs 12.75 crore in the opening weekend. Released last Friday, 'Shamitabh' earned around Rs. 3. 5 Crore (35 million), on the first day. The film managed to pull in around Rs. 5 Crore (50 million) on its second day. ...read more
R Balki's directed movie 'Shamitabh' starring Amitabh Bachchan, Dhanush and Akshara Haasan earned Rs 8.25 crore in two days. Opened with mixed review, the film failed to impress the audience. Released last Friday, 'Shamitabh' failed to score high. Trade analyst Taran Adarsh tweeted about the opening...read more
Amitabh Bachchan and Dhanush starrer 'Shamitabh' starts off slow at the opening day. The advance booking for the first day, first show of the movie was opened on Monday but there was no rush, considering it is Big B and Balli's third collaboration after 'Paa' and 'Cheeni Kum'. The film had a dism...read more
will see Big-B fans crowd the theaters to enjoy 'Shamitabh'. This R Balki drama is worth watching for several reasons: 1Title: The first impression is the last impression. And 'Shamitabh' does a brilliant job in this context. The title is smart and gives info about the star cast as well 'Dhanush-...read more
Amitabh Bachchan has been promoting his upcoming film 'Shamitabh' for quite some time now. The R. Balki directorial is set to hit the theatres on 6th February and the actor is doing his best in the last minute promotions. Amitabh will don the role of a radio jockey on 93....read more
Words fail to describe megastar Amitabh Bachchan's acting excellence. He is yet again arrived to impress his audience with his brand new avatar. The makers of 'Shamitabh' have released the trailer of the upcoming film 'Shamitabh' starring Dhanush, Amitabh Bachchan and Akshara Haasan. The ...read more
The poster is first of its kind. The audio poster of R, Balki's 'Shamitabh' was released online and it has Amitabh Bachchan and Dhanush posing in style. The film brings Big B and Dhanush for the first time. 'Shamitabh' is Amitabh and R. Balki's third collaboration after 'Cheeni Kum' and 'Paa'. It...read more
The 'Raanjhanaa' actor Dhanush has been paired opposite British model-actress Amy Jackson in an untitled Tamil film. The film will be directed by director Velraj. This is going to be Dhanush's second movie with Velraj after 'Vela Illa Pattathari' (VIP). "VIP team is getting back again. ...read more


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Error 6 " the backup failed to back up the requested files"
Error 6 " the backup failed to back up the requested files"
How verify if this is a fail or not ?
Comments 4 Comments • Jump to latest comment
bpbkar log on the client
bptm and bpbrm log on the media server
These logs must cover the time period of the failure.
Details of the job from the details tab for the failed job in Activity Monitor
OS of master and media server and client (+ versions)
Version of NBU on master/ media/ client
Has this ever worked
When did it start to fail
Does it fail everytime
If it did work, what has changed
There are several errors in NetBackup that essentially require you to deduce the reason.
Error 6 is one of those.
For example, if you are backing up Oracle, NetBackup passes control to RMAN and if there are issues RMAN lets NetBackup know there were problems, and NetBackup ends with error 6.
You need to review the oracle log file to determine WHY the backup failed.
NetBackup 184.108.40.206 on Solaris 10
EMC Data Domain 990 & 7200 VTL via FC
acsls 8.3.0