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Thread: Sculpey novice
September 7th, 2007 #1
Sculpey novice
Anyone know of any good sculpey-modelling tutorials? Just bought some (four small packs like blocks of fudge) and would like to have a go at making something decent. Probably a figure. Also any tips/hints etc regarding making the wire skeleton.
Last edited by dashinvaine; September 7th, 2007 at 08:58 PM.
Hide this ad by registering as a memberSeptember 7th, 2007 #2
Just read smellybugs tutorial posted at the top of the concept art sculpture section. His tutorial started me off on my way to sculpting and it is an invaluable resource.


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This page is a stub. It will be expanded to a normal article.
Strabo of Amasia
Strabo of Amasia is the author of one of the largest works of geography from Antiquity. His mother's family had been important during the reign of king Mithridates VI of Pontus, but during the war against the Roman general Pompey, it had switched sides. This loyalty provided Strabo with connections in the Roman world.
Strabo of Amasia (c.62 BCE - c.24 CE): Greek geographer, one of the most important sources for ancient topography and history.
The seventeen books of his Geography are partially based upon autopsy (Asia Minor, Greece, Italy, Egypt), and partially on good sources like Polybius of Megalopolis and Megasthenes (who had visited India). The books are written in a simple Greek, but are more entertaining than other ancient works of geography.
A translation can be found here.

subset: commoncrawl


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Mater Dei's Owen signs to play baseball at Indiana State
Versatile senior does a little bit of everything in football
Hunter Owen, two-sport athlete at Mater Dei High School, had a little baseball business to take care of during football season last Wednesday.
"I signed to play baseball at Indiana State," said Owen, a versatile senior on the football field. "I actually got everything on baseball figured out before football even started."
That's a good thing because few players do more for the 12-1 Wildcats than Owen according to head coach Mike Goebel.
"Let's see," said Goebel, pausing to make sure he didn't leave anything out. "He's a high-caliber wide receiver, defensive back and kick returner. He holds for PATs and field goals, punts and he's our backup quarterback, too.
"So that means he takes some quarterback reps every week in practice, too. That's means there are times we have to get creative to get Hunter a little rest. Problem is, he doesn't like to come off the field."
Owen thought his best game of the football season came when he had a receiving and punt return touchdown in the same game against Central or maybe Memorial when he had his only rushing TD.
"We jumped on Central pretty good (leading 42-0)," said Owen. "It's been a great year, about as good as it could be. I couldn't ask for a better group of guys to play with and we're all definitely pretty excited for semistate."
Owen will definitely be a key player in the proceedings when Guerin Catholic (10-3) invades Reitz Bowl at 1 p.m. Saturday.
He's averaged 21 yards on 30 receptions this year, while scoring 12 receiving touchdowns. He's added 140 yards rushing in 11 carries for a 12.7-yard average and scored a rushing TD. As a returner he's fielded 21 punts (14.3-yard average, 1 TD) and six kickoffs (23.2-yard average).
"He's a very gifted athlete who thrives on competition," said Goebel. "The tougher the situation, the more he wants to be out there. We usually give him the other team's best receiver wherever he goes on the field."
Owen has displayed the same versatility on the baseball diamond.
"I can play pretty much anywhere on the infield," said the .416 hitter. "My sophomore year I played second base and then they worked me between second and third and then last year I was shortstop pretty much the entire year, which is what Indiana State wants me to play, too."
The Sycamores began recruiting Owen after they saw him at an American Legion tournament in Terre Haute.
"They saw me play in legion ball and then they saw me play at West Vigo," said Owen. "Then as soon as the calling dates came they called me every week. That's why it was important to figure this out before football season. You've got to respect the sport you're in at the time."
Subscribe to the Courier & Press or The Gleaner
Need Help? Call us at 1-877-304-7771.
Monday-Friday: 6am-5pm / Saturday: 6am-11am / Sunday: 7am-Noon


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With the Calgary Flames currently looking at a pretty sweet lottery pick this year, much talk has been about the availability of star forward, Jarome Iginla. Iginla trade talk has been a hot topic for a few years now especially with the downward spiral Flames team where they seem to be limited in prospects and have an over-abundance of middle of the line and also ageing players. The Iggy talks have been beaten to a pulp with the majority, even hard-core Flames fans, begging to deal their beloved superstar to get some players for now and the future. The tough part is that most would assume Iginla would like to go to a cup contender and have a shot at taking home Lord Stanley and Jarome has not admittedly say he'd accept a deal out of Calgary.
So where would be a likely destination for Iginla? Most say the cap tight Philadelphia Flyers for starters, but are they even a cup contender with or without Jarome? In my opinion, the Flyers issues are in goal and on D. Detroit could be a landing spot as they're somewhat desperate for a scoring forward and he'd look good playing along either Pavel Datsyuk or Henrik Zetterberg.
What about the Chicago Blackhawks? Well, at this time, I'd say there is no reason to make any type of deals although some fans opinions have gone the way of needing a goaltender or another player to step in for Patrick Sharp. Rumor mongers are in their glory now that Chicago has lost a couple games in a row and they're throwing out ridiculous trades to almost revamp the entire team. It never ends does it? Anyway, my point of bringing up Jarome Iginla to the Blackhawks is because not many have mentioned them as a possible landing point for the superstar. My personal opinion is that the Blackhawks make no deals unless the wheels completely fall off or injuries start to pile up.
The Blackhawks are currently the favorite to win the Stanley Cup in most people's eyes so why wouldn't Iginla want to go play with a highly skilled team and skate alongside Patrick Kane or Jonathan Toews? Jarome is that power forward Chicago would love to have but at what price? Would you ship an Andrew Shaw, Jeremy Morin and a high draft pick for him? Would Calgary accept something like that? Bowman can fit Iginla on to the team under the cap with a few tweaks here and there if need be.
Iginla brings possibly the most likeable personality in hockey to a youthful team with tons of skill; he's a goal scorer, kills penalties, two-way player and drops the mitts if needed but obviously on the down side of his career due to his age.
Would Chicago be OK losing players/prospects for a one year rental player which would give them a better shot at the Stanley Cup? Some fans would want to keep Iggy but that's not happening unless he takes a huge pay cut or we dump one of, if not, the best 2-way player in the game in Marian Hossa or some other highly paid Blackhawk.
I personally think the Blackhawks should play it out and see how they do closer to the trade deadline and give players like Hayes a chance and hope this great ride continues. Hopefully Patrick Sharp should be back by then, too.
What do you think? Should the Blackhawks make a plethora of deals or are you happy with this insane run they've had?
Thanks to Zimbio.com for the photos and thanks for reading.


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Chrysler 300M Problem Report
Chrysler 300M Odor from HVAC vents
(12 reports)
Some vehicles may develop a musty odor coming from the HVAC system, Dodge has issued a cleaner/disinfectant and a coating for the evaporator designed to inhibit bacterial growth.
terrible musty, moldy smell - Visitor
1 person likes this
My car smelled terrible. My mechanic found that the evaporator coil was plugged and replaced it. That was 3 years ago and I haven't had that problem since. I read up and found that a plugged evaporator coil is a common problem. - Visitor
I HAVE THE ORDOR COMING FROM THE VENT HAD A LOT OF HELP FROM PLACING A BAKING POUDER BOX INSIDE THE CAR - Visitor
Oh yeah. I've had this exact problem myself. I'm going to further investigate and hopefully solve this. - Visitor


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The process of buying a new Buick car or truck can seem overwhelming if you don't know where to begin. Edmunds.com can get you started on the right track with a convenient directory of Buick car dealerships in and around Monroe, Michigan. Compare online price quotes on the new or used car, truck, SUV, minivan, or wagon of your choice to locate the best deals. Edmunds.com makes it easy to find trusted Buick car dealers in Monroe, saving car buyers time and money on what will be an important purchase.
Non Display Review Name "I have been dealing with Bobby G for years now and always feel very welcome and fairly treated. I wouldn't go anywhere else." Read more Review by: Geeves74
Non Display Review Name "This was our first experience with John T and Zubor and I have to say that I see a long lasting relationship already starting. John works very hard to"... Read more Review by: dpert


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OS requirements: Our game is only for windows. Have said this our game has trouble running on windows Vista. Crack it will run on: Windows 7 (32 and 64 bit) Windows XP (32 and 64 bit) windows 2000 (32 bit) windows 7 XP mode windows Vista (32 and 64 when started with windows xp launch code)
No members were found matching the criteria specified. We suggest you try the memberlist with no filter applied, to browse all member profiles.
Also why don't you join the community, its fast, easy and free and opens up plenty of great features for you to enjoy.


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Wild Fur
The hunter becomes the hunted4.36 / 5.00 7,904 Views
Business Chicken
A chicken goes to work.4.32 / 5.00 3,092 Views
Great: The Show episode 5
Cool and Great4.19 / 5.00 3,382 Views
time travel?
wasnt nnumber seven going to be a time travel war or something?and why would they call marcus evil? he never did anything to anybody, they just started attacking him. darn, i just dont understand, plus marcus peblo himself is in only two of them, wtf? anyway, i think the series is very creative, with good animation, but i liked number six a lot better. the fighting made sense to me, and the enemies were really cool.
very nice
original, nicely done almost a p b t r ( prowlies by the riverside ) equal but not quite there. Keep it up though
I tyhink we now have a competitor against prowlies and bitey. This was umazing flash work. I cannot wait to see the next one. I wish to continue reviewing your work. This was truly front page work. I do not have anything negative to say, nor do I have anysuggestions to improve it. Keep it up.
Sireus Payne
everything was good
Loved the graphics, loved the sound. Animation was smooth and beautiful. Great job man!
that was really cool with the graphics and stuff, but it didnt really make sense. was that part 7 of a series or sumthin? i liked the little dude with the big eyes, he was kool! O.O


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Need an extra push to purchase? The sale of every product on this site directly benefits the artisans who created it, which in turn helps the artisans to raise healthy families, improve their living conditions, and better their community.
Many of the artisans work from the comfort of their own home or in large, joyful groups like the one you see pictured. There are no factories involved in the products you see on this site. Instead, the artisans we represent are happy and well-compensated, and we feel great about it!
We appreciate your support so much and hope that you check back frequently to see our latest Fair Trade items made from happy hands from all across Africa.
After months of formulation and shipping, we are so excited that our new designs are finally here. Here are some pics of the staff unloading them from the container. We hope you like what you see and would love to hear your suggestions for future designs!


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DescriptionBack to top
• Black robot alarm clock that runs away and hides when you don't wake up
• Beeps and flashes as it runs around your bedroom
• Jumps off your nightstand from up to 3 feet
• Also available in other colors
Have you ever asked yourself why your alarm clock does such a terrible job of getting you up? Introducing the Clocky Robot Alarm Clock - Black - a combination of quality materials and a unique design that has been described as hip, classic and amusing. Clocky will change the way you wake up.
This Clocky Robot Alarm Clock runs away and hides when you don't wake up. Clocky gives you one chance to get up. But if you snooze, Clocky will jump off of your nightstand and wheel around your room looking for a place to hide. Clocky is kind of like a misbehaving pet, only he will get up at the right time. It is also available in, Almond, Raspberry and Coco.
• Runs away beeping on carpet or wood
• Durable, jumps from 3 feet high
• Loud R2D2-like robotic sound
• Option to turn off wheels and use like a conventional alarm clock
• Flashing backlight indicator as it runs
• Demonstrable with 'Demo' mode
• Strong battery life upto a year
• Perfect nightstand size 5.25" x 3.5" x 3.5"
Useful LinksBack to top
PDF FileBack to top
DimensionsBack to top
MultimediaBack to top
Supplier Product CodeBack to top
Clocky Robot Alarm Clock - BlackUSD $38.25
Clocky Robot Alarm Clock - RedUSD $38.25
Clocky Robotic Alarm Clock - ChromeUSD $38.25
Clocky Robot Alarm Clock - AquaUSD $38.25
Clocky Robot Alarm Clock - PinkUSD $34.42


text: MP Speedway promoter honored January 27, 2012 by debbie Congratulations to Mt. Pleasant Speedway Promoter/Owner Betty Crook on being named the 2011 UMP Promoter of the Year at the January 7, 2012 banquet. Left to Right: MP Speedway Promotional Director Bill Long, MP Speedway Owner/Promoter Betty Crook, and son and assistant promoter Mario Crook, pictured as Betty receives 2011 UMP Promoter of the Year Award Jan. 7, 2012


text: The wiki last edited by krandor on 11/02/14 11:22AM View full history Overview The grand finale to our first year of New Battlestar Galactica comics is here! Writer Greg Pak - ably aided by artist Nigel Raynor - - has crafted an incredible "companion" to the Peabody Award - winning Sci - Fi series and his year long story arc comes to a startling conclusion here! The fate of the Returners, Sharon and the Galactica all hang in the balance! Featuring covers from Nigel Raynor, Joe Prado, Stephen Segovia and a New Battlestar Photo Cover!


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An Evening with Warren Spector
GameSpot AU hosted an intimate night with legendary game designer Warren Spector, where he gave us a demo of Epic Mickey 2, spoke about his history and gave his thoughts on the games industry.
by Edmond Tran on
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lol great sound..
I loved Deus Ex 1 so much, This guy is a legend in my eyes.
He seems like a great game designer since he helped create Deus Ex and Thief: The Dark Project, which were great games. Epic mickey 2 is looking that way too.
I hate Micky Mouse so much. He is the perfect embodiment of capitalism. Disney sues people for almost mentioning his name.
More like "An Evening with Eric Clapton" :P
Great show. And great advice from Warren for aspiring game makers. Give me a game that I want, and I will be satisfied. Give me a game that you want but I didn't expect, and I will be excited.
I'd love to see how Warren's vision for Enders Game would turn out.
gees prince, you seem to have had a "personal brush" with this person!
warren spector was a little man when Half Life got out in 1998. After his big half life hit and counterstrike release, an ideea insipred from half life multiplayer type. this little man became brash. He is no more a little man , he is a man with a big wallet now and he sees people different forgetting who he once was. So...he thought instead of telling why Half Life 3 is not coming out as promissed, that is more interesting to wank here in front of you about how cool and what a intelligent guy he became. Baaah!
You know you're talking about the wrong person right?


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The Save Our Home AZ program, which is funded through the Hardest Hit Fund, provides Arizona homeowners with monetary assistance to cover mortgage principal reductions, make monthly mortgage payments, settle a second mortgage, and transition to new housing after completing a short sale. Keep reading to get an overview of the program, learn how much assistance is available, and find out if you are eligible.
Hardest Hit Fund
In 2010, the U.S. Department of the Treasury created the Hardest Hit Fund to provide targeted aid to homeowners in those states most affected by the housing market crash. As part of this program, $7.6 billion in aid was allocated to the 18 states, along with Washington, D.C., that experienced the most extreme home price declines and high unemployment rates as a result of the economic crisis. (Learn more about the Hardest Hit Fund.)
Arizona was awarded over $267 million through the Hardest Hit Fund to help homeowners avoid foreclosure. (Learn more about the Arizona foreclosure process.) To do this, Arizona set up the Save Our Home AZ program.
Save Our Home AZ
Through the Save Our Home AZ program, Arizona homeowners can receive funds to:
- reduce the principal balance of their mortgage (in conjunction with a loan modification or HARP 2.0 refinance)
- make monthly mortgage payments
- reinstate a delinquent mortgage
- settle a second mortgage, and/or
- transition to new housing after a short sale.
There is an overall assistance limit of $100,000 per household.
Borrower Eligibility
To be eligible for Save Our Home AZ assistance, you must meet all of the below criteria.
- Your household gross income is no more than 150% of the area median income for the county in which the property is located. (For example, the income limit is $99,563 in Maricopa County for a family of four. To find out the income limits in your county, go to www.azhousing.gov and click on "Program Fact Sheet.")
- You are no less than 30 days from the Trustee Sale date.
- You are able to document a 10% or greater reduction of income. (Not applicable to those seeking assistance in conjunction with a HARP 2.0 refinance.)
- You are two months behind in payments or current on your mortgage payments with no more than three months of principal, interest, taxes, and insurance (PITI) in liquid assets. (Not applicable to those seeking assistance in conjunction with a HARP 2.0 refinance.)
- Your current mortgage payment is equal to or greater than 31% of your gross, pre-tax monthly income. (Not applicable to those seeking assistance in conjunction with a HARP 2.0 refinance.)
Home Eligibility Criteria for Save Our Home AZ
Additionally, your existing mortgage and the property securing the mortgage must meet the below criteria.
- The property is in Arizona.
- The home is owner-occupied as a primary residence.
- The home is a single-family residence, one-to-four unit dwelling, condominium, or townhome.
- Your first mortgage does not exceed $729,750.
Based on these strict eligibility requirements, it is not easy to qualify for assistance. As of the end of November 2013, Arizona has distributed only 34% of its designated funds.
Program Details: Principal Reduction Assistance
Arizona homeowners who are completing permanent loan modifications or HARP 2.0 refinances may be eligible for a principal reduction through Save Our Home AZ.
Additional criteria. Your mortgage balance must be greater than 120% of the property's fair market value (prior to the loan modification or refinance) in order to qualify.
To learn more about loan modifications, visit our Alternatives to Foreclosure area.
To learn about HARP 2.0 and other government programs for distressed homeowners, visit Nolo's Government Foreclosure Prevention Programs area.
Program Details: Second Mortgage Settlements
If you have a second mortgage on your property, you may be able to obtain assistance to pay off the second lien. You can receive up to 40% of the outstanding loan balance, with maximum assistance in the amount of:
- $16,500 or
- $8,500 (when combined with short sale assistance).
Additional criteria. The mortgage balance of the first and second lien combined must be greater than 120% of the property's fair market value (prior to assistance).
Program Details: Unemployment/Underemployment Assistance
If you are unemployed or underemployed, you can obtain assistance to bring your loan current, as well as cover future mortgage payments. Previously, the maximum amount of assistance was $2,000 per month for up to two years ($48,000 maximum). Recently, Arizona created a waiver allowing homeowners to receive assistance that exceeds the $2,000 per month cap, but the maximum assistance still can't exceed $48,000.
Reinstatement assistance is available to help you catch up on past due amounts, including PITI, late fees, and any legal costs/fees. However, if you use program funds to reinstate the loan, then future monthly assistance is limited to 12 months and will be reduced by the number of delinquent months reinstated.
Additional criteria. Borrowers with a source of income (other than unemployment benefits) must contribute 31% of their earnings toward the monthly mortgage payment.
Program Details: Short Sale Assistance
Homeowners who are undergoing a short sale can receive funds to help transition to new housing, pay off a second mortgage, and help with closing costs. (See our Short Sales and Deeds in Lieu of Foreclosure area for more information about short sales.)
You may receive up to $4,500 in transition assistance to pay for things like moving expenses, rent, or a security deposit, as well as a maximum of 3% of the sales price for buyer's closing costs paid on behalf of the seller. You can also receive assistance to settle a second mortgage up to $8,500 or 40% of the outstanding loan balance.
The total amount of assistance is limited to $25,000.
Additional criteria. The property cannot have an outstanding mortgage in excess of 150% of purchase price.
How Save Our Home AZ Works
Most Save Our Home AZ assistance is provided in the form of an interest-free loan. The loan is forgiven at the end of the term and upon successful completion of the program. HARP 2.0 assistance and short sale assistance, however, is provided as a grant.
Servicer Participation
Servicer participation in Save Our Home AZ is voluntary. (A mortgage servicer is the company that collects monthly mortgage payments from borrowers on behalf of the owner of the loan, as well as tracks account balances, manages the escrow account, handles loss mitigation applications, and pursues foreclosure in the case of defaulted loans.)
To find out if your servicer is part of the Save Our Home AZ, you'll need to first fill out an application for assistance.
How to Apply
To apply, go to www.azhousing.gov and click on the "Self-Assessment & On-Line Application" button to fill out an online form. A housing counselor will contact you within seven days.
If you want to complete the application over the phone, call the Arizona Foreclosure Help Line at 877-448-1211.
Arizona Has Hardly Used Any of Its Allocated Funds
Due to the program's strict eligibility requirements, it is not easy to qualify for assistance. As of July 2013, the state has distributed just 6% of the available funds to struggling homeowners. (Since June 2011, the program has denied funds to two out of every three applicants, whereas most other states with Hardest Hit programs denied around 11%-40% of applications.)
For More Information
Go to www.azhousing.gov or call the Arizona Foreclosure Help Line at 1-877-448-1211 for more information. Free housing counseling is also available.


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1978 Pontiac Trans Am This fabulous Firebird has become popular thanks to Burt Reynolds movie Smokey and the Bandit. The paint of the Trans... More
For sale in our Orlando showroom is a 1978 Pontiac Trans Am. This stunning red Trans Am is equipped with all the right features... More
1978 PONTIAC TRANS AM, RARE PONTIAC 400-4 ENGINE, [MANY ARE 403 OLDS IN THIS PERIOD] AUTOMATIC, TILT WHEEL, WORKING FACTORY AIR CONDITIONING, RALLY II... More


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Villa Ullastres 4
from £85 /night help Price for guests, Nights approx:
5 reviews
from £85 /night help Price for guests, Nights approx:
Estimated nightly price based on a weekly stay. Contact the advertiser to confirm the total cost.
Villa / 4 bedrooms / sleeps 8
Availability Your dates are available
Villa / 4 bedrooms / sleeps 8
|Key Info
This modern villa is located in Biniancolla just 30m from the sea. The safe sandy beach at Punta Prima is just a few minutes' drive away. The accommodation is on one level and comprises of an open plan lounge, dining area and fitted kitchen with a range of modern appliances. The villa benefits from high quality modern furnishings and air conditioning. Outside wooden sliding doors transform the building when closed across the front facing terrace to give total privacy. Patio furniture with brick build BBQ to enjoy 'Al fresco' dining and watch the sunset. Sliding doors from the living rooms give access to the terraces and the pool, which has roman steps. Sun loungers and a parasol are provided here to soak up the sun. Off road parking is available for at least 2 cars on the drive. The villa benefits from good sea views and is just 30m from the waters edge! This is a wonderful location away from main-stream tourism to relax by the sea.
**The Menorca Sur Hotel, only 600m from the villa, has an on-site shop and evening entertainment available.
Ground Floor
Bedroom 1 - Double Bed, Air Conditioning Cold Heat
Bedroom 2 - Twin Beds, Air Conditioning Cold Heat
Bedroom 3 - Twin Beds, Air Conditioning Cold Heat
Bedroom 4 - Twin Beds, Air Conditioning Cold Heat
Kitchen - Oven, Hob, Microwave, Dishwasher, Fridge Freezer, Washing Machine
Lounge / Diner - Comfortable Seating, Dining Facilities, Doors to Terrace Gardens, Air Conditioning Cold Heat, Sat TV Few English Channels
Shower room - Shower, Toilet, Basin
Shower room 2 - Shower, Toilet, Basin
Parking - Off Road Parking
Pool - Private Pool, Pool Size : 9m x 4m, Roman Steps
Terrace - Covered Terrace, Open Terrace, Alfresco Dining Facilities, Sun Loungers, Garden Furniture, Gas BBQ, Shrubs Flower Beds
|Sleeps up to 8, 4 bedrooms
|Nearest beach
|1.8 km
|Car not necessary
|Nearest Amenities
|600 m
|Nearest travel links
|Nearest airport: Mahon (MAH) Airport 12 km
|Family friendly
|Great for children of all ages
|No pets allowed, No smoking at this property
Features and Facilities
|DVD player, Sea view
|Private outdoor pool (unheated)
|Air conditioning, TV, CD player, Satellite TV
|Dishwasher, Cooker, Microwave, Fridge, Freezer, Washing machine
|4 bedrooms, 2 bathrooms of which 2 Shower rooms
|Double beds (1), Single beds (6)
|Linen provided, Towels provided
|Private outdoor pool (unheated), Balcony or terrace, Private garden, BBQ
|Parking, Suitable for people with restricted mobility, Not suitable for wheelchair users
|Further details
A welcome pack can be arranged for when you arrive.
There is an English speaking rep there who will be happy to help at all times
The Balearic Islands region
Private villas in Menorca are a fantastic way to enjoy what many people consider to be the jewel of the Balearics. Menorca has more beaches than all the other Balearic Islands put together, and most of the 200km coastline is made up of beautiful, clean sandy coves separated by rocky headlands. Much of the island's interior is lush and green, with pine covered hills so whether your villa in Menorca is on the coast or inland you can be sure of wonderful environment in which to enjoy your holiday.
So much to discover with a Villa in Menorca…
A holiday at one of our luxury villas in Menorca does not just have to be about lazing on the beach, as there is a wealth of interesting places to discover. Mahon, the island capital, is a charming town with its unique local character and impressive Georgian architecture – and it boasts one of the biggest natural harbours in the world. Ciutadella, at the opposite end of the island, is equally as interesting and offers a complete contrast to the capital with its Moorish-influenced architecture. The civilisations of Portugal's past have left a legacy of more than 500 fascinating prehistoric sites to be visited.
All of our Menorca villa rentals with pools are handpicked and vetted by our staff to ensure that they meet our high standards of quality. Each villa is fully equipped with excellent amenities, has a private pool and is conveniently located close to shops, restaurant and beaches. We also have local representatives in all resorts and a 24hr emergency service to ensure complete peace of mind.
Your luxury villa in Menorca can be booked directly with us – this will not only save you money, it will also ensure that you benefit from our detailed knowledge of your chosen destination.
Punta Prima, Menorca
Villas in Punta Prima
Solmar Villas is pleased to offer a selection of luxury villas in Punta Prima – on the island of Menorca. Punta Prima is at the southernmost tip of the island. The resort itself is mainly a beach holiday resort, with a few hotels and mini-marts – the beach being the main attraction. However it still has some of its natural charm and characteristics – it's a great place to choose a holiday villa rental if the quality of local beaches is particularly important to you.
The Golden sands of Menorca
The beach in Punta Prima is one of the most visited on the island, and as it is so close to the island's capital, Mahon, many locals visit on the weekend. With its fine white sands on one side and the rocks on the other, the waters here are among the clearest in the Mediterranean. There are many facilities and sports – including pedaloes, windsurfing and sailing – available at the beach, making it a favourite of families staying at a luxury villa in Punta Prima. The beach is ideal for children as the water is fairly shallow and it is well protected from the currents of the sea. Our private villas in Punta Prima are only around ten kilometres from Mahon (MAH) Airport. The journey time is approximately 15 minutes.
Things to Do
The beach is the main attraction in Punta Prima as it is mainly a beach resort. There is a bus service that goes to St Lluis and Mahon, as well as other resorts. Just a short journey away from your holiday villa rental, you'll find plenty of things to do.
Airport : 12km
Shops : 0.6km
Beach : 1.8km
Restaurants : 0.15km
Car Recommended
Walking Distance to Shop
Walking Distance to Restaurant
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23 Aug 2013
"Ultra modern and spacious an absolute delight."
A stunningly designed minimalist retreat with bags of space and functionality. Seven travelled in our party (3 kids under 7 included) and we fitted in comfortably. The 3 bathrooms were very handy, kitchen is of a good size and fully equipped. The pool was a must, ample space on the decking for lounging or play. The cove opposite is clean and safe for the kids to paddle and net fish. 3 excellent restaurants within easy walking distance, but if you don't fancy that then catch the road train into the stunning cove of Binibeca. A car is essential for shopping, we couldnt find anywhere nearby to buy fresh bread and groceries, a short trip out to the Hypermarket was needed. The service from Solmar was excellent, air con broke and within an hour of contacting the rep. the repair guys appeared and fixed it. Every thing was clean and because it is relatively new the decor is nice and fresh. We will definitely return and have recommended to friends and family very highly. Only gripe would be not being able to safely child lock the sliding doors from the inside. If you are looking for a relaxing getaway with very little distractions then Villa Ullastres is ideal.
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The previous considerations apply to pregnancy that has been demonstrated by missed menses and a positive pregnancy test, a situation clear to all women. Before this well-defined state, even if the biological steps are known, there is still confusion and ignorance as to when pregnancy begins. As a result, the vocabulary used to define the possible antihormonal interventions during the processes establishing pregnancy needs to be clarified.
If menses does not occur and a pregnancy test is positive, interruption is clearly defined as abortion. However, vacuum aspiration practiced very early, within approximately two weeks of menses delay, is called ''menses regulation" (e.g., officially in Bangladesh and Turkey) or menstrual induction, and can be considered as contragestive. On the other hand, any maneuver inhibiting fertilization is called contraception, for contra conception. The word conception is generally understood as fertilization; this is wrong etymologically, since concipire (Latin) means to retain (originally retain sperm and mother blood in the uterus to make the child).
Contraception is, therefore, commonly understood as a method to preclude fertilization, for instance, by suppression of ovulation or preventing sperm from reaching the ovum. However, physicians also designate as contraceptives methods that are applied before implantation is completed. They argue that a fertilized ovum that is not implanted after in vitro fertilization does not define a pregnancy. In fact, the available pregnancy tests are based on the measurement of human chorionic gonadotropin, produced by the embryonic chorion, which passes into the woman's blood and occurs only after implantation has been initiated. Intrauterine devices (IUDs) can be defined as "contraceptive" tools because they work, in part, as anti-implantation agents. The word post-coital contraception is also largely accepted and applies to a possibly fertilized ovum. Note also that the process of implantation is not instantaneous and takes several days during the last week of the fertile menstrual cycle, just before the time at which menses would occur. Coincidentally, the development of the embryo is characterized by the streak (a marker indicating that an individual embryo has been formed, and there is no further risk of twins), which should occur at approximately the same time—about 15 days after fertilization. Before that time, not only may genetic abnormalities or defects of implantation stop the process leading to pregnancy, but the very definition of a single potential person cannot be rigorously applied. In short, during the period between fertilization and the time at which menses should occur, interrupting methods are contragestive, differing from both abortion and contraception as defined above, and not hiding the fact that they oppose pregnancy.


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Exploring the primordial stew of life
Exhibit by Leibowitz on display at MSU
- What: "Symbiosis" by Bonny Leibowitz
- Where: Wichita Falls Museum of Art at Midwestern State University, 2 Eureka Circle
- When: Today to Jan. 26. Opening reception is at 6 p.m. today.
- Admission: Free
- Information: 397-8900
Craggy cliffs squatted upon by hanging mist.
Rust leeching from orbs in a green goopy sea.
Anatomical studies of human skeletons in an earthy brown haze. Roots. Seeds. Milkweed pods.
A strip of blue sky. The underbelly of a mushroom. Fluffy pink fur. Fetuses. Shells.
The sky.
The sea.
Such is the artwork of Bonny Leibowitz, whose exhibit, "Symbiosis," opens with a reception at 6 p.m. today at Midwestern State University.
Viewing Leibowitz's artwork — work that has been called ethereal, organic and mystical — you can almost smell the dirt and the earth, feel the wind, hear the ocean. Certainly, something primal about her work beckons to viewers.
Leibowitz culls those emotions, not only with the overload of layered plant pods, seeds and da Vinci anatomical studies, but with how she creates these images.
Her work isn't a simple, straightforward painting; it's photography and encaustic wax, prints and more.
If variety is the spice of life, Leibowitz's work sure is spicy.
"I'm using a variety of materials, including encaustic wax … It hardens after you're done painting with it, and I also incorporate into that photography, drawing, transfers and painting. I also do a lot of printmaking. I do monotypes on a Japanese paper called kozo. It's a really wonderful medium."
Working with such a variety of material, it seems fitting that Leibowitz revels in variety when it comes to the images in her work.
"There are a lot of images … I'm just drawing together concepts about creation — about who we are and where we come from," Leibowitz said.
So seeds, fetuses and the sea relate to the beginning of life. She also explores the lives of living things, human or plant, and how we're all in this primordial stew of life together.
"I love working with nature and natural shapes and trees … and also seeds, and there's big milkweed pods. Also I like to incorporate some anatomical sketches that look almost like da Vinci's work," Leibowitz said.
"What I'm really trying to do is express what we all think about," she said, referring to those big questions about creation.
Leibowitz, who was born and raised in Philadelphia, moved to Dallas 30 years ago. She worked for a time developing large negatives for a commercial printer. After her parents' divorce, she followed her father to Texas in her in her late teens. He ran a drapery and bedspread manufacturing business, and she worked for her dad burning silkscreens and mixing colors for silkscreen printing on textiles. She credits that experience with making her bold when it comes to color, since back then, before machines that would mix the pigments for you, she had to do the work by eye.
She then started working at a Dallas gallery, where she learned the business side of art.
"I went down to visit (my dad) and I got involved with the arts here in Dallas early on … Then I started creating my own works."
Although she studied painting and drawing at Temple University, she has developed her art mostly by teaching herself in the studio. A big part of her life these days is teaching others. She operates the Bonny Studio in Richardson, where she teaches oil and acrylic painting, and she opened the Encaustic Center in 2009, where she teaches encaustic wax painting.
In addition to the exhibit, Leibowitz led monotype workshops at MSU.
"I'm really excited because I get to work with two of the classes in printmaking," she said.
"Symbiosis" includes about 15 of Leibowitz's large-scale pieces, most of them 46x46, as well as a 36x36, along with a large walnut piece that stands on the ground.
Her images, beyond being very organic, are very textural, perhaps because of her background in textile work. And beyond questions about creation, she also is exploring humans' physical, spiritual and psychological make up in this exhibit.
"It's life coming into being," she said.
"Symbiosis" may be viewed through Jan. 26.
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This year 2015 marks the 175th anniversary of the birth of the great Russian composter Pyotr Ilyich Tcaikovsky. His three ballets Swan Lake, The Sleeping Beauty and The Nutcracker are true pearls of the world's ballet treasures. Crown of the Russian Ballet was founded in 1997 as the choreography of the day demanded new repertoire.
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|Date updated:
|15 January 2015


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How to show a guy you like him?
We flirt with each other when we're around, I've asked him out to a movie and dinner night with me once (alone), I text and call him sometimes. I... Show More
Most Helpful Opinion
alright, my advice would be to keep up with the flirting, see him and talk to him at least 3 times a week, this will show him that your making time for him. a couple more movie dates would hurt either.
instead of taking him jumper when your cold, suggle up to him, if it's a zip then when it's open put it around you while he's still wearing it. giving him a kiss here and there won't hurt.
your into him and it's looks a lot like he's into you, so what you wanna do is just try and 'drift' into the relationship, there's no need to make anything official before you start dateing him, if it gets to the point where your gone all the way then you might wanna tlak to him the next morning to make sure that he see's you as a girlfriend and not friends with benefits (frineds with benfits), you can talk to him about that before that stage if you want, but don't talk about it straight after.
What Guys Said 4
(brush ur hair behind ur hair in front of him when you say it its a body sign of attraction)
then give him compliements when he deserve them like haircuts
and tell him that the single life is boring this is obvious but will get his attention and he will know what to do
i hope that helps:)
can you help me with mine
What Girls Said 1
With a shy guy you can never really be sure, and the fact is not necessarily that he is unsure of his feelings, he is unsure of yours towards him an dthat makes him selfconcious. My boyfriend is exactly the same way and the best thing you can do to initiate the relationship is to talk as much as possible and make him comfortable with you. If he feels comfortable talking to you everything will be easier, next you just kinda need to do everything indirectly, if you start making the decisions for the beginning of your relationship, chances are you will continue to make them for the rest of it and therefore you should let him start things even if it means being very patient until he is comfortable.
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text:
lovely park for a stroll. A long, narrow lake--restaurants at the far end. (There is a mini-railway around, too.) In the winter, tummy-sliding on the ide for children.
nice place, beautiful lake..
calm and fresh air..
good place for family outing.
kids love to playing around, can do many activities
cable car is nice, musical fountains was great
Its a really nice place.
This park is well past its prime.
The squalid massive bunker at the wholly renovated entrance could have been hidden by some imaginative gardening. The open-air theater looks derelict, the pompous concrete structure meant to shelter an orchestra is an eyesore, the pond has this squalid water organ right in the middle plus some shabby looking details that deprive it...
You can walk along the lake, pathways, into old tombstones.
Ideal for biking. There are a few restuarants, although I didn't eat there prices seem to be ok. Also at the north part, there is kiosk you can buy freshly baked pretzel.
Like many on Sundays in Saarbruecken we enjoy walking around these gardens especially on a warm sunny day. Full of happy families with lovely water features and flowers these gardens are a great outdoor experience.
We took a day trip to Saarbrucken and decided to visit this garten instead of wandering the central part of the city. The garden has much to offer. Train rides, paddle boats on the lake, food, ice cream and a small children's play area loosely based on Lilliput and Gulliver's Traverls. Parking was hard to find but I recommend parking...
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Play Video
Two bears fight for their strength
Posted by harivinod on Nov. 28, 2007
Break celebrates 4th of July the American Way: by laying the smack down on ...
With the 4th of July around the corner, we celebrate the most kick-ass USA ...
Dude, are you drunk AND high? Or are you just being PRANKED?!
Posted by harivinod on Nov. 28, 2007


text:
A method and apparatus allows fault recovery in a digital computer based control system whereby system upsets induced by external transient noise conditions can be accommodated. A CPU is coupled to its main memory and its I/O interfaces by a common address/data bus, these three elements being susceptible to having data thereon or therein corrupted by transient noise. Also coupled to the bus, but in a hardened environment, are first and second supplemental memories which, under memory control, operate on alternating even and odd computational frames defined by the CPU's real-time clock to store the same words as are then being entered into the CPU's main memory. As computational frames are entered into one or the other of these two memories by eaves-dropping on the common bus, the other supplemental memory is transferring its contents to a backup memory which is also housed in the noise-immune environment. The backup memory is connected in a read-only mode to the address/data bus and, because of the manner of operation, always contains the computational frame that is delayed one cycle of the CPU's real-time clock from the frame in progress. Should a transient upset occur, it may be followed by a transfer of the information from the backup memory into the computer's main memory such that computations can then continue with data that is uncorrupted.
1. In a digital computing system of the type including a central processing unit having an address/data bus coupled thereto, a main RAM, means coupled to said address/data bus for storing digital words comprising computational frames at addressable locations therein, main memory control means for effecting the writing of digital words comprising said computational frames into said main RAM at or from addresses originating at said central processing unit, apparatus for maintaining the integrity of the words comprising said computational frames stored in said main RAM in spite of system upsets due to external transient noise conditions impacting on said system, comprising:
(a) supplemental memory control means;
(b) first and second supplemental RAMs;
(c) first switching means controlled by said supplemental memory control means for alternatively coupling said first and second supplemental RAMs to said address/data bus on successive ones of said computational frames, such that the same digital words comprising a given frame being written in said main RAM are simultaneously copied into one or the other of said first and second supplemental RAMs;
(d) a backup RAM coupled to said address/data bus;
(e) second switching means controlled by said supplemental memory control means for coupling said backup RAM to said first and second supplemental RAMs such that during the time words are being copied into said first supplemental RAM, selected words stored in said second supplemental RAM during an immediately preceding computational frame are transferred into said backup RAM and during the time words are being entered into said second supplemental RAM, selected words stored in said first supplemental RAM during the immediately preceding computational frame are transferred into said backup memory means;
(f) means coupled to said supplemental memory control means for sensing system upsets due to transient noise; and
(g) means controlled by said supplemental memory control means following the sensing of a system upset for transferring the contents of said backup RAM to said main RAM.
2. The apparatus as in claim 1 wherein said first and second supplemental RAMs, said supplemental memory control means and said backup RAM are isolated from external transient noise.
3. The apparatus as in claim 1 and further including update log means for storing flag bits identifying which words in a computational frame stored in said main RAM have been altered by write operations; and means in said supplemental memory control means for sensing said flag bits whereby only those words stored in said first and second supplemental RAMs are transferred to said backup memory means.
4. The apparatus as in claim 3 wherein said first and second supplemental RAMs, said supplemental memory control means, said backup RAM and said update log means are isolated from said external transient noise.
5. A method for restoring a digital computing system of the type including a central processing unit having a real-time clock, a main RAM memory and an address/data bus coupling said CPU and main RAM together, to an error-free operational state following an external transient disturbance to said CPU, said main RAM or said bus, comprising the steps of:
(a) storing a copy of the digital words comprising even computational frames in a first supplemental RAM as they are being written in said main RAM;
(b) storing a copy of the digital words comprising odd computational frames in a second supplemental RAM as they are being written into said main RAM, said even and odd computational frames being determined by successive cycles of said real-time clock;
(c) transferring the contents of said first and second supplemental RAMs to a backup RAM on an alternating basis such that as digital words comprising a current computational frame are being simultaneously written in said main RAM and one of said first and second supplemental RAMs, the preceding computational frame stored in the other of said first and second supplemental RAMs is transferred to said backup RAM;
(d) monitoring said CPU, said main memory and said address/data bus for occurrences of an external transient noise event; and
(e) replacing the contents of said main RAM with the contents of said backup RAM following the occurrence of an external transient noise event.
6. The method as in claim 5 and further including the steps of:
(a) providing for each of said first and second supplemental RAMs a flag bit register whose length is equal to the number of words comprising a computational frame;
(b) storing a flag bit in the bit position of the flag register associated with the first supplemental RAM corresponding to words in even computational frames that are altered by a write operation in said first supplemental RAM;
(c) storing a flag bit in the bit position of the flag register associated with the second supplemental RAM corresponding to words in odd computational frames that are altered by a write operation in said second supplemental RAM; and
(d) transferring only those words associated with a flag bit from said first and second supplemental RAMs to said backup RAM during alternating computational frames.
7. A method for allowing a control system incorporating digital computing means having a main memory, a central processing unit, and input/output means intercoupled by an address/data bus to recover from the occurrence of soft errors impacting the system, comprising the steps of:
(a) providing an odd frame memory, an even frame memory, a backup memory and memory control means in an enclosure which effectively shields them from external transient noise, said even frame memory, odd frame memory and backup memory being connectable by switching means to said address/data bus;
(b) writing words during even computational frames into said even frame memory as they are being written into said main memory;
(c) writing words during odd computational frames into said odd frame memory as they are being written into said main memory;
(d) maintaining a log of those words in said even and odd frame memories that are updated during the even and odd computational frames, respectively;
(e) during the time that words are being written into said even frame memory or said odd frame memory on a current computational frame, transferring to said backup memory those words in said odd frame memory or even frame memory, respectively, which are identified by said log as having been updated in the immediately preceding computational frame;
(f) sensing the occurrence of external transient disturbances to said central processing unit, said main memory or said address/data bus;
(g) transferring the contents of said backup memory to said main memory at the conclusion of the computational frame in which said disturbance occurred, such that said main memory is returned to the same state as it was during the computational frame preceding the occurrence of said disturbance.
I. Field of the Invention
This invention relates generally to a method and apparatus for increasing the reliability of digital computing systems, and more particularly to an improved error recovery technique in complex digital computer based control systems.
II. Discussion of the Prior Art
As the reliability and performance of digital computers have steadily improved, they have become the predominant technology for control systems. For example, in avionics systems, digital computers are now considered for such concepts as fly-by-wire or autoland in which a digital computer is interposed between the pilot and the aircraft control surfaces. In such systems, the safety of the aircraft depends on continued faultless performance of the digital control system.
To achieve the requisite reliability in such applications, prior art systems have typically resorted to hardware redundancy with majority voting. Typically, a minimum of three identical processing elements are configured to perform identical control computations on identical data inputs. In the event a disparity occurs between the multiple processing elements, the minority result(s) is ignored and one of the majority results is used to effect the control function. A majority-of-three voting allows the system to tolerate a single failure while majority-of-five allows the system to tolerate up to two failures. In more elaborate systems, a persistently failing unit may be voted out of the system and replaced with a so-called "hot spare".
Various forms of redundancy synchronization, voting and fault monitoring have been proposed or employed in the past. However, while it is recognized that these mechanisms influence the type of recovery technique a particular system may employ, this invention addresses only a manner of recovery and not these other mechanisms.
A fault condition may be induced by a permanent failure of the digital circuitry, in which case it is considered a "hard fault". Alternatively, it may be induced by a transient phenomena which results in an incorrect result, but does not, in fact, damage or alter the subsequent operation of the circuitry. This condition is classified as a "soft fault" or "soft error". Soft errors may be induced by various transient conditions, such as electromagnetic interference (EMI), inherent noise, lightning, electromagnetic pulses (EMP), or high energy radio frequency (HERF). In this specification, the term "external transient noise condition" is intended to include all of the above sources.
As newer digital technology is introduced, the trend seems to be that the amount of energy necessary to change the state of a memory element or a logic element is reduced, thereby making these elements more susceptible to upset due to EMI, lightning, EMP, or HERF. With careful design, the susceptibility of the control system circuitry to such transient conditions can be greatly reduced. However, it is generally not practical to harden the entire control system to the extremes of any and all interference which may be encountered in an avionics application. It is, therefore, important that safety-critical digital control systems be able to tolerate transient upsets without affecting the performance of the critical application.
Recognizing that transient upsets will occur in certain applications, it is highly desirable to provide an error recovery mechanism whereby a processing element can be restored to a functional condition following a soft error. With an error recovery mechanism, the hardware redundancy can be reserved to cover only the hard error conditions, thereby increasing the overall system reliability. The error recovery mechanism further provides a clear diagnostic distinction between soft and hard errors and, therefore, practically eliminates the incidences of unconfirmed removal whereby a functionally good processing element is falsely suspected of being faulty due to upsets.
One well-known method of effecting soft error recovery is to design the control algorithm around a computational frame where the time interval of the computational frame generally corresponds to the sampling interval of the control system. When a soft error is detected, the computer is reset to a known state corresponding to the beginning of the current computational frame and the control algorithm is restarted. Soft error recovery in a majority-voting redundant system imposes yet another constraint. The faulty computing element must not only be rolled back to the beginning of the computational frame, but must also be restarted in synchrony with the other computing elements. While it is recognized that the relationships between the redundancy elements within a system impact the operation of the system, this invention defines a method of fault recovery and does not address redundancy management concerns.
Prior art redundant digital systems have provided recovery from transient disturbances to the digital circuitry with a "transfusion" of data. Following the detection of a digital circuit upset, "transfused" data is transmitted from the unaffected redundant digital circuits to the upset digital circuits in order to restore the upset circuitry to the identical state as the unaffected circuits. For example, in a system comprised of three digital processing lanes, if one lane is determined to be faulty by the voting logic, it is isolated. The remaining two lanes then transmit the current state variables necessary to complete the recovery. The isolated lane then resumes processing in synchrony with the active lanes and is readmitted to the system after performing a given number of computation frames without another detected fault. It is possible that a single transient disturbance might cause an upset in each of the redundant processing elements. In this instance, the redundancy is defeated and the system crashes, since there is no source of valid data available for transfusion.
A further limitation of prior art approaches is that the software required to perform the data transfusion, in the event of a fault, is specific to both the application being performed and the level of redundancy and the redundant architecture employed in the system.
It is highly desirable, and in some instances imperative, that fault-tolerant techniques such as soft-error recovery be totally transparent to the software and independent of the context of the control application.
It is an object of the invention to provide a soft error recovery mechanism by which a single processing element can be restored to a functional state without interaction between any other redundant processing elements.
It is another object of the invention to provide a soft error recovery mechanism which is transparent to the operational software.
It is a further object of the invention to provide a soft error recovery mechanism which is applicable to a wide range of fault tolerate architectures.
It is yet a further object of the invention to provide a soft fault error recovery mechanism which will enable a redundant digital system to operate without error, even in the event of a transient disturbance which causes simultaneous upsets in each of the redundant processing elements.
The foregoing objects and advantages are achieved by providing a real-time control system having a central processing unit (CPU) having an address/data bus coupling it to a main random access memory and I/O devices also coupled to the bus. Also associated with the bus is soft error recovery circuitry which is effectively shielded and protected from upset due to external transient noise sources. This latter soft error recovery circuitry includes a first, "even" supplemental RAM, a second, "odd" supplemental RAM, a backup RAM and the memory control circuits for operating same.
During each computational frame in which data words are written into the main RAM, they are simultaneously copied from the address/data bus into either the first or the second supplemental RAM on an alternating basis. Because of the manner in which the memory control toggles the first and second supplemental RAMs back and forth, one is made to contain memory elements which have been updated in the current computational frame while the other contains memory elements which were updated in the immediately preceding computational frame. While main memory entries are being entered into one or the other of the first and second supplemental RAMs, the contents of the other supplemental RAM, which were updated in the previous frame, are transferred into the backup RAM. Should an external transient disturbance or upset occur which might impact the address/data bus, the CPU or the main RAM, recovery is achieved by transferring the contents of the backup RAM into the main RAM so as to effectively place the system in the same operating mode as it existed at the beginning of the computational frame in which the transient upset occurred.
The foregoing objects, advantages as well as the principles of operation of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment, especially when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a general block diagram of the fault recovery mechanism in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a general block diagram showing the interconnections of the error recovery circuit during even computational frames;
FIG. 3 is a general block diagram showing the interconnections of the error recovery circuit during odd computational frames;
FIG. 4 is a more detailed block diagram of the interconnections between the various memory modules in accordance with a first embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 shows the portions of the block diagram of FIG. 4 active during even computational frames;
FIG. 6 is a detailed block diagram showing the system configuration during odd computational frames;
FIG. 7 is a detailed block diagram of the error recovery system comprising an alternative embodiment in which FIFO memories are utilized;
FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing the active portions of the embodiment of FIG. 6 during even computational frames; and
FIG. 9 is a block diagram similar to that of FIG. 8, but during odd computational frames.
FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a processing element employing the novel soft error recovery mechanism. This processing element could be used as a unit processor or as one of a number of processing elements in a redundant system. Central processing unit (CPU) 10 executes a stored program contained in program read-only memory (ROM) 12 to perform the real-time control algorithm. Inputs from sensors in the control system (not shown) are sampled on input lines 14, via I/O circuitry 16, and control actions for the system are effected, via outputs 18 and I/O circuitry 16. Operand storage is provided by scratchpad random access memory (RAM) 20 which may be considered as the CPU's main memory. Data is transferred between the CPU, ROM, RAM and I/O via address/data bus 22. Control signals required to execute a read or a write cycle on the main RAM memory 20 are provided by memory control circuit 24.
The circuitry described thus far comprises a conventional digital processing system, including such systems used, say, for avionics control applications. To this conventional arrangement is added the soft error recovery circuitry shown enclosed by broken line box 26. This circuitry should be hardened to possible noise sources, such as EMI, lightning, EMP and HERF, to assure that in the worst case, no transient disturbance will cause an upset in any part of that circuit. Where as it would generally be impractical to harden the entire control system to this level, it is practical to harden the relatively small amount of circuitry implementing the soft error recovery hardware 26 in that the volume and power required for this circuitry is a relatively small fraction of the total volume and power required for the processing element. EMI hardening techniques are well understood in the art and would include, at a minimum, extensive shielding and conditioning of all input and output lines, e.g., by the use of opto-isolators 28 or the like to eliminate conducted interference.
The soft error recovery approach of this invention requires that all variables which define the state of the digital function be stored in scratchpad RAM 20. Each of these variables must be written into scratchpad RAM 20 during the same computational frame that is updated. Soft error recovery is, thus, the restoration of the contents of scratchpad RAM 20 to the state that existed at the beginning of the computational frame in which a fault or upset is detected. Soft error recovery circuitry 26 restores scratchpad RAM 20 in the event of a fault by copying the contents of a backup RAM 30 to scratchpad RAM 20. Backup RAM 30 operates so as to maintain a valid copy of scratchpad RAM 20, but delayed one frame, for later rollback to the beginning of the present computational frame. It is maintained in this state by eaves-dropping by the supplemental RAMs on address/data bus 22 and control lines 32 to capture the address and the data of each write into RAM 20 during a given computational frame. Data transfers from the address/data bus 22 to a first supplemental memory referred to as "even memory" 34 and a second supplemental memory referred to as "odd memory" 36 and backup RAM 30 are managed by the memory control circuitry 38 to assure that backup RAM 30 is continuously updated in a manner that assures that it is always ready for a rollback.
To better understand the data recording techniques carried out in the implementation of the present invention, reference is made to FIGS. 2 and 3 which respectively show the manner in which the even and odd RAM memories 34 and 36 become coupled to the address/data bus 22 at successive times established by the CPU's real-time clock. With reference to FIG. 2, it can be seen that during even computational frames, any writes which occur to the main memory (scratchpad RAM 20) are simultaneously entered into the even supplemental RAM 34. An update log 40 is associated with the even RAM 34 and comprises an n-word memory one bit wide. It is therefore capable of storing a flag or update bit in a bit position (address) corresponding to those words which are altered in the main memory 20 by a write operation during the even computational frames.
In a similar fashion, as illustrated in FIG. 3, during odd computational frames, the odd supplemental memory 36 is written into in parallel with entries made in the main RAM 20, with the write occurrence being recorded in an odd update log 42.
With continued reference to FIG. 2, it is also evident that during an even frame when the even supplemental memory 34 is being updated during writes into the main memory 20, any data in the odd supplemental memory 36 which was updated during the previous computational frame, i.e., an odd frame, as indicated by the contents of the odd update log 42 is transferred into the backup RAM 30. In like fashion, and as illustrated by FIG. 3, during an odd computational frame, while the odd supplemental memory 36 is being updated during writes into the main memory 20, any data in the even supplemental memory 34 which was updated during the previous computational frame, i.e., an even frame, as indicated by the contents of the even update log 40 is transferred into the backup RAM 30. It can be seen, then, that the backup RAM 30 will always contain an identical copy of the main memory 20, but delayed by one computational frame, i.e., one real-time clock frame interval of the CPU.
While the general block diagrams of FIGS. 1 through 3 are deemed helpful in understanding the underlying principles of the soft error recovery system of the present invention, a better understanding of the overall organization can be obtained from consideration of the more detailed block diagrams of FIGS. 4 through 6. FIG. 4 illustrates the memory and bus configuration when the system is implemented with RAMs. The conventional microprocessor (not shown) has associated with it an address bus 44 and a data bus 46 which is m-bits wide. A main or scratchpad memory 20 receives its address inputs from the address bus 44 and its data inputs from the data bus 46. Also shown connected to the address bus and the data bus is the backup RAM 30 which too is an n-word by m-bit wide memory. The symbol 48 in FIG. 4 is intended to indicate that the bus in question is bidirectional.
So that the even RAM 34 and the odd RAM 36 can eavesdrop on what is being entered into the scratchpad RAM 20, each has its respective address inputs coupled to the address bus via the lines in cables 50 and 52. Similarly, data may be transferred into the supplemental RAMs 34 and 36 over the bidirectional buses 54 and 56.
For controlling data transfers from the even and odd supplemental memories to the backup RAM 30, latches 58 and 60 are included in the data lines joining the output of the supplemental RAMs to the input of the backup RAM.
The memory control 38 is capable of sensing the occurrence of writes into the scratchpad RAM 20 and injects, via lines 62 and 64, a one-bit into the update logs 40 and 42 at the same address as the word being written has on even and odd computational frames. Memory control 38 also provides inputs to the backup RAM, and each of the even and odd supplemental RAMs as well as their associated update logs.
The data recording which takes place during a "even" computational frame is shown in FIG. 5. To facilitate the understanding, the buses which are inactive during the even computational frame are not shown. The memory control 38 monitors all accesses to the main memory 20 and during a write access, the memory control causes an identical write to occur in parallel in the even RAM 34. At this same time, the memory control writes a "1" into the even update log 40 at the same address that the write took place in its associated supplemental RAM. It is to be noted that the update log contains all "0s" at the beginning of each computational frame. In this manner, all words written into the main memory 20 are duplicated in the even supplemental RAM 34 with the associated memory address in the even update log 40 being toggled to a "1", which is a flag bit signifying the presence of updated data in the even supplemental RAM 34 at the corresponding addresses.
During this same "even" computational frame, the main memory data which had been updated in the previous "odd" frame is transferred from the odd supplemental RAM 36 to the backup RAM 30 under control of memory control 38. The transfer operation is automatic and will continue to completion. That is, it will not be suspended by the detection of a processing system disruption.
During the "even" computational frame, as determined by the toggling of the real-time clock, the memory control 38 polls every address of the odd update log 42. While the memory control asserts a given address (n), it reads the odd update log bit and latches the data from the odd supplemental RAM into latch 60. If the odd update log bit is a "1", as perceived by the memory control 38, the data from the latch is written to the backup RAM 30 and the memory control writes a "0" to the odd update log to clear the flag bit at address n. This process continues until all of the addresses in the odd update log have been polled.
FIG. 6 is illustrative of the data recording which takes place during an "odd" computational frame. Again, inactive buses are not shown. The memory control 38 records odd frame data and transfers even frame data as earlier described. Combination of memories 34 and 36 assures that for each computational frame, backup memory 30 is provided with a valid set of update data to bring it to the correct state corresponding to the next computational frame. This is because the transfer to backup memory 30 does not begin until a complete set of error-free data has been accumulated in supplemental RAMs 34 or 36, and once accumulated, the data is protected from upset until the transfer to backup memory 30 is completed.
Where the CPU's real-time clock establishes relatively long frame times, e.g., 100 ms or longer, the system of the present invention may well be implemented using RAM memories throughout. For systems with relatively moderate to short real-time clock computational frame times, e.g., less than 100 ms, it is found expedient to utilize FIFO memories for the even supplemental memory and the odd supplemental memory. The main memory and the backup memory would remain as conventional random access memories each n-words by m-width. The even and odd update logs are implemented by the address FIFOs.
Illustrated in FIG. 7 is the memory and bus configuration of the error recovery system in accordance with the present invention, but using such FIFO memories. Specifically, the even and odd supplemental memories 62 and 64 and the update logs 66 and 68 associated therewith are FIFO memories. Four FIFOs are required: Two for "even" frames and two for "odd" frames. One FIFO is used to store the address and one is used to store the data when an update occurs to the main memory 20.
For a main memory of a size nxm (n-words of m-width), the even and odd data FIFOs 62 and 64 are of width m; the depths of the FIFOs being dependent on the amount of main memory activity expected during a computational frame. The even and odd address FIFOs are the same width as the address bus and are the same depth as the data FIFOs. The backup memory 30 is again a RAM of size nxm.
As with the earlier embodiment, the main memory 20 is tied to the address bus 44 and the data bus 46 as are the even and odd data FIFOs 62 and 64 and the even and odd address FIFOs 66 and 68. The backup RAM 30 also receives address inputs from the bus 44 and data inputs from the bus 46 as indicated by the symbol 70, the data bus coupling the backup RAM to the system bus 46 is bidirectional in nature.
The data recording which takes place during an "even" computational frame is shown in the block diagram of FIG. 8. Again, for ease in understanding, inactive buses are purposely omitted. As before, the memory control monitors accesses to the main memory 20. During a write access to the main memory, control 38 causes data and the address resident on the buses to be stored in the even FIFOs 62 and 66, respectively.
During the "even" computational frame, main memory RAM data which had been updated in the previous "odd" frame is transferred from the odd FIFO 64 to the backup RAM 30 under control of the memory control 38. The transfer operation is automatic and will continue to completion, i.e., it will not be suspended by the detection of a processing system disruption.
In much the same fashion, during an "even" computational frame, the memory control 38 performs a succession of read operations on the odd FIFOs. During each read operation, the FIFOs place the address and data of a main memory write access which had occurred during the previous "odd" computational frame. Memory control 38 writes this data to the backup RAM 30, at the given address supplied by FIFO 68. This process continues until the odd FIFOs are empty.
The data recording which takes place an "odd" computational frame is shown in FIG. 9. Again, inactive buses are not shown. The memory control 38 here records odd frame data and transfers even frame data as previously described in connection with the discussion of FIG. 7.
Irrespective of which embodiment is employed, when a disturbance to digital computation occurs, it must be detected by the digital system monitors 1 (FIG. 1). The recovery mechanism of the present invention requires that the fault be detected in the same computational frame that it occurs. While the technique of this invention requires immediate detection of any faulty conditions in the digital circuit, it is the manner of recovery, and not the detection mechanism or the EMI protection mechanism that is involved.
The system monitors notify memory control 38 of the occurrence of an upset. The memory control logic then suspends operation of the automatic data recording function. However, the data transfer function to the backup RAM must continue unabated until complete. The bus switches are maintained in their current state. During the disturbance, the main memory and the associated even or odd supplemental memory currently being written into in parallel are assumed to be overwritten by the faulty data. Memory control 38 prevents spurious writes from occurring to the remaining even or odd supplemental memories which is currently downloading data to the backup RAM.
Because the backup RAM 30 is not written to from the external interface, this RAM is robust to EMI conditions. However, it is imperative that the disturbance be detected and the memory control be notified during the same computational frame as the upset occurrence.
Following the disturbance to the digital system, the data in the main memory has been corrupted. However, it is still intact in the backup RAM, one frame delayed. This data may now be transferred to the main memory 20, via a read-only transfer from the backup memory over the address/data bus 22 (FIG. 1). During this time, the backup memory is protected from spurious write operations. If a second disturbance should occur during the data recovery sequence, it can be restarted. Once the main memory state has been restored to its non-faulty contents, the CPU can resume computations based upon these correct variables.
The data restoration function is identical for the two embodiments heretofore described. Following the upset of the system and the restart of the CPU, the software determines that upset had occurred by polling the backup memory status. Following this determination, the software performs a data transfer of the contents of the backup RAM to the main memory. When this transfer is complete, the system software then restarts the control function of the digital system and resumes processing while the data recording function of the recovery mechanism described continues to operate.
This invention has been described herein in considerable detail in order to comply with the Patent Statutes and to provide those skilled in the art with the information needed to apply the novel principles and to construct and use such specialized components as are required. However, it is to be understood that the invention can be carried out by specifically different equipment and devices, and that various modifications, both as to equipment details and operating procedures, can be accomplished without departing from the scope of the invention itself.
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96 reviews
By installing you agree to the Terms of Use and other terms
Download size< 1 MB
Last updated10/12/2013
Works with
- Windows Phone 8.1
- Windows Phone 8
- Windows Phone 7.5
App requires
- data services
- web browser component
- HD720P (720x1280)
- WVGA (480x800)
- WXGA (768x1280)
Supported languages (1)
English (United States)
dotNES is an emulator for the classic Nintendo Entertainment System, capable of faithfully playing your favorite 8-bit games.Automatic savestates mean you'll never have to restart your game-in-progress due to an incoming phone call (or having to run to a meeting).Full speed emulation and full sound support provide the complete 8-bit experience!New in this release (v1.3): - Support for 15 new mappers! This means support for many more games, including Punch-Out!, Gimmick!, Castlevania 3 (both US -and- JP versions) Dragon Warrior 4, and many Famicom titles.- Improved controls.- Improved sound (including support for extended sound channels in Castlevania III (JP), Gimmick! and Lagrange Point.)- Added some Help to get you started playing.dotNES does not come with any games (ROMs), but these can easily be downloaded from your Skydrive account. (Please don't promote piracy: only use ROMs that you have legal rights to!)Feature List:- Highly optimized, runs at full speed for most games on most phones, even first generation phones.- Full, crystal clear sound emulation- On-screen touch controls (in both landscape and portrait orientations)- Skydrive integration for retrieval of your ROMs- Automatic and manual save states- Easy management of saved states and downloaded ROMs- Support for Game Genie codesVersion History:v1.3:- Added support for mappers 5, 9, 10, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 69, 73, 75, 85, 163 and 228. (Yes, I added support for Action 52 for no good reason. Because it's there.)- Added support for the VRC7 and FME-7 sound channels- Fixed bug in DMC sound rendering- Added support for "large" MMC1 games (Dragon Warrior 4)- A few minor bugfixes for a few games.v1.2:- 10-15% performance increase.- Added "Mute" configuration option.- Added portrait layout.- A few small bugfixes.v1.1:- Minor bugfixes: Sprite rendering in SMB3, a few fixes to Mapper 01 (MMC).- Addition of Game Genie support.V1.0:- Initial release.
2/18/2015I herd this you can do fanicom😞
2/9/2015Good emulator, PLEASE read the "about" section before using it if you're new to emulation on WP. You NEED to unzip your files for any ROM to work with this emulator. To the person that said that people that can't get it to work are idiots, keep it to yourself. Some people that bought this app are converts from Android [which has VERY simple drag and drop emulation, no unzipping or uploading/downloading via cloud storage requirements] to WP, [which is exactly why I'm not giving it 5 stars]. Clean up your attitude and get your facts straight before you talk ****.
2/1/2015Glad I tried and did not buy on blind faith and good reviews. Does not see any folders in my Skydrive nor a local .nes file I copied to my SD Card from Skydrive. In this state, it does not play any games.
11/15/2014Works well. Not being able to run games off directly off sdcard is a deal breaker. Nestalgia is the way to go if you want to do that.
10/15/2014Putos de la ****** chinguen a su **** madree
10/8/2014SkyDrive...ok...i have games on my phone making this worthless..yey!
9/6/2014It sucks
8/21/2014**** dont buy this
3/6/2014Runs smooth...when it runs. Freezes all the time and crashes a lot too


text: BRINGING DOWN THE HOUSE from Buena Vista brought in an exceptionally big weekend box office debut for the month of March in North America. Taking in roughly $31.7M, it was the third best ever debut in March, behind 20th Century Fox's ICE AGE ($46.3) and New Line's BLADE 2 ($32.5M). TEARS OF THE SUN, with visual effects by ILM, debuted in second place with $17.2M while OLD SCHOOL, vfx by Gray Matter FX, slipped a notch to third place at $9.2M and a cue of $50.8. CHICAGO, with visual effects by Toybox and Film Effects Inc., edged up into fourth place, taking in $6.9M to bring its total to $114.5M. HOW TO LOSE A GUY IN 10 DAYS, with visual effects by Pixel Magic, is still in the top 10 at fifth place taking in $6.7M and a $86.9M total. CRADLE 2 THE GRAVE (Bryan Horiba was vfx supervisor) toppled off its top position to sixth place earning $6.5M and a total of $27M. DAREDEVIL, with primary vfx by Rhythm & Hues, Pixel Magic and Digital Domain, follows in seventh place taking in $5.1M and a cue of $91.4M. JUNGLE BOOK 2 is still swinging near the top of the chart in eighth with $4.2M and $39.5M total receipts. SHANGHAI KNIGHTS, featuring visual effects by Cinesite and Effects Assoc., moved down to ninth with $2.6M for a total cume of $54.7M. THE LIFE OF DAVID GALE drops to tenth in its third week with $2.1M, earning a total of $17.1M. Box office information obtained from boxofficemojo.com.


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Nascar Sprint Cup Series: Cheez-It 355 at The Glen
Sun, Aug 10, 2014 TBA
Watkins Glen International, Watkins Glen, NY
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Ketchup Bread
24 Sep 2009
Ketchup Bread is a mouth-watering dish that brings back fond childhood memories. I still remember my mom cooking this Ketchup Bread for lunch. Try this wonderful Ketchup Bread recipe.
|Bread loaf
|1 (Long Narrow Crusty)
|Softened butter/Margarine
|1⁄4 Cup (4 tbs)
|2⁄3 Cup (10.67 tbs)
|Crushed basil leaves
|1 Teaspoon
|Snipped parsley
|1⁄3 Cup (5.33 tbs)
|Shredded sharp cheddar cheese
|8 Ounce (2 Cups)
Slice loaf of bread lengthwise into halves.
Spread cut surfaces with butter.
Toast under broiler until golden brown.
Spread ketchup over toasted bread.
Sprinkle with desired amount of basil, then the parsley and the cheese.
Place under broiler with top about 3 inches from source of heat until cheese is melted and lightly browned.
Cut each half diagonally into slices.
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Ketchup Bread Recipe


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WSJ Report: BofA Prepares To Scale Back
12:00 pm
Fri January 13, 2012
WSJ Report: BofA Prepares To Scale Back
By editor
The Wall Street Journal is reporting Bank of America is considering retreating from some parts of the country if its financial problems worsen. The bank included the possibility on a list of emergency scenarios it submitted to the Federal Reserve last year, though sources close to the bank say no retreat is imminent. Bank of America is one of three banks that have branches coast-to-coast. Also on the list of emergency scenarios the bank submitted is the potential sale of shares related to Merrill Lynch. Bank of America's stock has fallen more than 50 percent in the last year. The bank will release it latest quarterly earnings next Thursday.


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"We're seeing people living 15 to 20 years with their prostate cancer, which we didn't see in the '80s and '90s," said Dr. Susan Slovin, chairwoman of the National Prostate Cancer Coalition's scientific advisory board.
But the key is early detection.
Ninety percent of all prostate cancers are found still within the prostate gland, or only in nearby areas, according to the American Cancer Society. For those patients, the five-year survival rate is nearly 100 percent. But for the men whose cancer has spread to distant parts of the body when it is diagnosed, the five-year survival rate falls to 34 percent.
The cancer society recommends annual screenings for prostate cancer beginning at age 50 for most men, and at age 45 for men at high risk. Those at high risk include blacks and men who've had a close relative suffer from prostate cancer before age 65.
The screening involves two steps: undergoing a digital rectal exam and testing for PSA levels in the blood.
In the rectal exam, the doctor feels the prostate to see if there are any bumps or hard spots that might signify cancer.
And although PSA is not an indicator of cancer, but a protein created during inflammation of the prostate, doctors have found that highly elevated levels indicate an increased risk for cancer.
Studies now show that the regular testing of PSA levels can indicate cancer risk by showing rises or falls in the protein's levels.
"They've been trying to see if you can use PSA as a predictor by looking at a trend," Soules said. "It's met with some good success."
PSA trends -- or PSA "velocity," as doctors refer to it -- also can help guide treatment for prostate cancer, said Slovin, an assistant member of the Genitourinary Oncology Service at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, and an
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The German Papenheimer Dagger is designed to complement our AH-3212 PAPENHEIMER RAPIER. The dagger comes with a wire wrapped grip, solid steel guard and distinctive pommel.
The German Renaissance Dagger comes with a leather covered wooden scabbard with steel furniture.
Blade 14 1/2"
Overall 22".
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HOUSTON, Nov. 1, 2011 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ -- On Saturday, Oct. 29, 18-year-old Jordan Merecka received a phone call that changed his life; he learned that he was a good match for a donor heart. After a 12-hour heart transplant surgery at Texas Children's Hospital, Merecka and his family are celebrating his amazing gift of a new life.
(Photo: http://photos.prnewswire.com/prnh/20111101/DC97765)
"There are no words to express our feeling of gratitude for this beautiful gift for our son," said Suzanne Merecka, Jordan's mother. "We know a special family made an extremely hard, but generous decision, and we will forever be grateful."
Merecka is a history-making teen whose life was saved in a rare 15-hour operation on May 22, when Texas Children's Hospital became the first pediatric hospital in the world to implant the SynCardia temporary Total Artificial Heart. After spending three months tethered to a 418-pound machine called "Big Blue" that powered his Total Artificial Heart while he was in the hospital, Merecka was able to leave the hospital and go home wearing the Freedom® portable driver. This battery-operated, 13.5-lb portable power supply allowed him to move around freely while he awaited a donor heart, which he received on Oct. 29.
"Because of all his previous surgeries, finding the right heart for Jordan was difficult," said Dr. David L.S. Morales, pediatric cardiovascular surgeon at Texas Children's Heart Center and associate professor of surgery and pediatrics at Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), who surgically implanted Merecka's Total Artificial Heart, as well as his new donor heart. "As opposed to waiting in the hospital for his donor heart, the Total Artificial Heart allowed Jordan the luxury of being at home with his friends and family; the chance to rehabilitate and become stronger in preparation for his heart transplant, and most importantly, the ti
|SOURCE Texas Children's Hospital
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text: RUSSIA EXECUTES EUROPEAN AERIAL MANEUVERS "Russian military aircraft conducted aerial maneuvers around Europe this week on a scale seldom seen since the end of the Cold War, prompting NATO jets to scramble in another sign of how raw East-West relations have grown. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization said that more than two dozen Russian aircraft in four groups were intercepted and tracked on Tuesday and Wednesday, an unusually high level of activity that the alliance said could have endangered passing civilian flights." Ukraine and Russia will resume talks today. [WSJ]


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Updated 04/03/2015
The main entrance to these landscaped gardens is from the right side of the courtyard of Palazzo Pitti. The gardens began to take shape in 1549, when the Pitti family sold the palazzo to Eleanor of Toledo, wife of the Medici grand duke Cosimo I. Niccolò Tribolo (1500–50) laid out the first landscaping plans, and after his death, Ammannati, Giambologna, Bernardo Buontalenti (circa 1536–1608), and Giulio (1571–1635) and Alfonso Parigi (1606–56), among others, continued his work. Italian landscaping is less formal than French, but still full of sweeping drama. A copy of the famous Morgante, Cosimo I's favorite dwarf astride a particularly unhappy tortoise, is near the exit. Sculpted by Valerio Cioli (circa 1529–99), the work seems to illustrate the perils of culinary overindulgence. A visit here can be disappointing, because the gardens are somewhat underplanted and under-cared for, but it's still a great walk with some terrific views.
Enter through Palazzo Pitti, Florence, Tuscany, 50125, Italy
Website: www.polomuseale.firenze.it
Sight Details:
Updated 04/03/2015
By jrogoz
Don't Miss
Aug 17, 2008
For what is now a 10 euro entrance fee the visitor has access to vast grounds that need a lot more TLC than they have received of late. Fairly steep climbs earn you nice views of Florence and the countryside, but not much else except stones in your shoes. A nice collection of porcelain is housed on the grounds and viewing is included in the price of admission, but the once beautiful garden outside hadn't been touched since late spring - a guess
based on the condition of the peonies and boxwoods during our August visit. Compared to ten years ago, the site has gone downhill dramatically.
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Widespread Panic :: Stockholm Syndrome
Why is it important to vote?
Is this election any different than elections past?
This election is very different from previous elections in that I feel the viability of our very electoral process is at stake thanks to the snafus involved in the 2000 election, especially the situation and resulting court decisions involving Florida. Check the percentage of US citizens that have actually registered to vote and then look at the number of those people who actually bother to cast their votes (especially in local and off-year elections) and you will see a shockingly low percentage of Americans using their guaranteed right to take part in their government. This can only say to the politicians in Washington that we either don't care to take part in the process (dangerous) or that we are giving them a mandate by silence to continue with their policies. The only way to make our voices heard is by taking the first step and going to the polls.
Do politics have a place in music?
Why or why not?
Of course politics has a place in music! Artists can only reflect and reinvent what they see around them. Some artists choose to make social responsibility their sole focus while others may take a more subtle tack. This is true in all artistic media. In the end it is up to the artist to choose his or her stance and then to project that message outward. I think this may be the difference between art and entertainment. As far as politics and music go, I always thought Frank Zappa said it best by emblazoning the back of his records with the message: "Don't forget to register to vote!"
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