text:
Now that Visual Studio 2010 Beta 2 is finally out the door, I've had a bit more time to spend coding on some of my personal projects. Yesterday, I happened upon a cool trick while using the new Generate from Usage feature. It was so helpful to me that I thought others might benefit, so I'm sharing it here.
When you need to project some data from a LINQ expression, anonymous types can be enormously convenient.
Because anonymous types are… well… anonymous, they don't have names that can be expressed in code. This is problematic if you want to expose an anonymous type as the return type of a function. I have run into this problem many times. When refactoring code, it's easy to get into a situation like the one below.
So, how can you get around this problem? Well, there a few possibilities.
Because none of these solutions is particularly savory, most of us are forced to create a new named type to replace the anonymous type. Thankfully, there are some fantastic third-party refactoring tools out there that can automate this tedious process, but if you don't use one of these tools you're stuck writing the code by hand.
Actually, no, that's not quite true.
In Visual Studio 2010, the new Generate from Usage feature makes the task of coding up new classes a snap! Just type a new name for the anonymous type in the editor, making the code look like a type constructor followed by an object initializer. Then, press Ctrl+. to expand the smart tag that immediately appears and choose the first suggestion to generate a new class.
Next, expand each smart tag in the object initializer to generate each property.
When you're finished, you should have a brand new class containing each property, declared as auto-implemented properties. Cool!
For Visual Basic coders, Generate from Usage is even easier. Let's start with the same LINQ expression in VB. (Notice the lack of the "_" line continuation characters. Hooray for VB10 implicit line continuation!)
Just like before, type the name of the new type that you wish to generate and press Ctrl+. to expand the smart tag. After choosing the first suggestion from the smart tag, you're finished. The VB Generate Class feature will drill into the object initializer and generate all of the necessary properties at the same time that the class is generated.
Of course, this technique is not without flaws.
1See Wes Dyer's excellent article for an example of this clever trick.2Check out Bill Wagner's post for details.
In Visual Basic .NET, there are several cases in which the statement completion list will present the user with a list of values rather than the standard completion set. Most often, this occurs when assigning to a variable of one of the common System.Drawing types, Color, Brush or Pen.
At first glance, the screenshot above might seem as if the Visual Basic IDE has hard-coded a set of values into IntelliSense, but that's not the case. In fact, this is caused by a seldom-used feature of XML Documentation that is supported by Visual Basic .NET, but isn't currently supported by C#1. By cracking open the the XML Documentation file for System.Drawing.dll (located at C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\en\System.Drawing.xml on my machine), we'll see a curious XML tag on the System.Drawing.Color definition.
The highlighted completionlist tag above is used by Visual Basic to populate the completion list with the public shared2 fields and properties from the specified class or module. In this particular case, the XML documentation causes Visual Basic to populate the completion list with the public shared properties of System.Drawing.Color.
Don't believe me? Just comment out the System.Drawing.Color completionlist tag above, save and restart Visual Studio to see how this influences the statement completion list.
Many of you are probably thinking, "so, is this just a nifty implementation detail, or is something I can actually use?" The answer is, yes, this something you can use today to customize Visual Basic's statement completion. The code below demonstrates how the completionlist tag can be used.
Visual Basic will automatically pick up the completionlist tag in the code above and use it to populate the completion list like so.
While a bit limited, it's pretty easy to customize the statement completion list experience for Visual Basic to make certain types of APIs more discoverable. It's as simple as a single XML tag.
1Kevin Pilch-Bisson (C# IDE Developer Lead and swell guy) has a clever idea for supporting the completionlist tag in the C# statement completion list while staying true to the C# IntelliSense model.2The VB "Shared" keyword = static in C#.
Hello again, X-mas celebrants! I have just one last verse in my
carol to make all of
your Visual
Studio 2008 experiences bright. Don't let your hearts be saddened because my
song is drawing to a close. After today, a new year filled with its own
code blessings will be upon us.
My last offering is a simple one—a
stocking stuffer,
really. It's one last refactoring targeted at
Visual Basic
And so, it is with a heavy heart that I begin the last verse of the "Twelve
Days of Refactor! X-mas..."
"On the twelfth day of X-mas my true love (DevExpress)
gave to me..."
In my opinion, the most compelling new feature of
Visual Basic 9 is
XML Literals.
We've already seen how
Refactor! Pro
can be used to manipulate XML Literals to great effect, saving literally
hundreds of
keystrokes. However, sometimes we don't want to dynamically build XML. Sometimes
we simply want to consume a chunk of raw XML.
If we're not adding embedded expressions to the above XML literal, it really
belongs in a resource file. However, moving that XML to a resource is a terrible
inconvenience. Thankfully,
Refactor! Pro
provides the Extract XML Literal to Resource refactoring. When applied to the
code above, Extract XML Literal to Resource produces the following:
When compared to the acrobatics we've
already seen
Refactor! Pro
perform on XML Literals, this refactoring might seem like a very small thing. It
may be simple, but it's incredibly helpful when you need it. The first time that
you attempt to move an XML Literal to a resource for translation purposes or any
other reason, you'll be thankful that you have Extract XML Literal to Resource
to do the job for you.
Check Out This Screencast to See Everything that Extract
XML Literal to Resource Handles for You!
And so ends my song. We've taken a merry sleigh ride through many
of the new language features available in
Visual Studio
2008, and we've seen how
Refactor! Pro
can help you leverage those features today. It's been my
distinct pleasure to be your guide on this journey.
Before I take my leave, I have one small piece of advice. If you've been
waiting impatiently for the other tool to support for
Visual Studio
2008, remember that
Refactor! Pro
has been there since the very first beta. No matter what that tool vendor may
try to tell you,
Visual Studio 2008 was not a surprise. Everyone had
more than a year to prepare. The only ones taken by surprise were those who
weren't paying attention.
And with that, I wish you a continued happy holiday season and hope Refactor! Pro
can make your new year bright!
Happy New Year!
Greetings friends! I bring tidings of comfort and joy! That is, you can rest
comfortably and joyously, knowing that you don't have to wait for refactorings
that leverage the new language features of
Visual Studio
2008. These refactorings are available today.
I'm very excited about today's verse. As promised
yesterday, I'm back to share some more refactoring possibilities for Visual
Basic XML Literals.
By the end of the verse, you should have a sense of how powerful these
refactorings truly are. If you're a Visual Basic developer, you
definitely won't want to miss this!
"On the eleventh day of X-mas my true love (DevExpress)
gave to me..."
Yesterday, we saw how our
bread-and-butter refactorings can be used on the inner text of XML
tags to create new embedded expressions. This is extremely helpful when trying
to make the contents of an XML literal more dynamic. Today, we'll take things a
step further to see how we can use
Pro to manipulate the XML tags themselves.
Consider the code above. Since
Refactor! Pro
works on XML tags, we can select the entire <price>
tag and apply Extract Method to get the following:
A potential complication is the use of
aPrice in the embedded expression.
Fortunately, Extract Method intelligently analyzes this and declares it as a
parameter of the new method.
View Screencast to See Extract Method in Action!
Pro's ability to manipulate XML tags makes it easy to dynamically build XML.
In fact it can save minutes of menial coding labor.
another look at the first code example above. Go ahead. I'll wait.
Now, imagine how much effort it
would take to transform that code into this:
That's pretty insane, isn't it? Well, with
Refactor! Pro,
this is a snap. In fact, most of the effort is spent
typing the names of new variables and methods. The refactorings themselves
take only seconds to apply.
Don't Believe Me? Check Out This Screencast!
One point I've saved until now is that
Refactor! Pro
is the very first tool to offer refactorings for Visual Basic
XML Literals.
That's just one more compelling reason that
Refactor! Pro
should be a part of your
Visual Studio
2008 installation this holiday season.
Happy Holidays!
I'm afraid that I have an apology to make. I feel that I've given my
Visual Basic friends a raw deal because the verses of my
carol thus far have
been primarily about C#. Oh sure, the verses usually end with a paragraph or two
mentioning how a particular refactoring works in VB, but I haven't devoted a
whole verse exclusively to a
Visual Basic 9 feature. Until now. Today's verse is
dedicated specifically to the coolest new feature of
Visual Basic 9:
So, sit back and relax. It's time for a little Visual Basic
X-mas cheer!
"On the tenth day of X-mas my true love (DevExpress)
gave to me..."
A couple of months ago, I wrote about how we were adding first-class
refactoring support for Visual Basic XML Literals. If you're unfamiliar with XML
Literals, they allow developers to embed XML directly into their code like
It's the VB Compiler's job to transform the above XML Literal into instances of XElements, XAttributes and XNames from the System.Xml.Linq namespace.
The real power of XML Literals is the ability to embed expressions directly
into the XML. In the first code example above, the <price> tag contains an
embedded expression.
Embedded expressions open the door to dynamic XML generation. Very, very
The only real problem that I have with XML Literals is that embedded
expressions are such a pain to write. Not only does the expression itself have
to be written, but the delimiters contain no less than five
symbols. Granted, VB's IntelliSense fills in the last two after I've typed the
first three, but that's still three characters to type with
the shift key held down. That's pretty painful. It would be great if a refactoring
tool existed that handled this work for us. Oh wait. I work on a refactoring
tool that does that very thing. That's right,
Refactor! Pro
works on XML Literals!
Check out the preview hint for Introduce Local when the contents of the
<title> tag are selected:
And here's the code after Introduce Local is applied:
Visual Basic developers everywhere can rejoice. You no longer have to type
<%= again because the
bread-and-butter refactorings work in XML Literals!
View Screencast
of XML Literal Refactoring in Action!
Tomorrow: more refactorings for XML Literals. You won't want to miss it!
Welcome back for more X-mas refactoring fun! There
are just four more verses in my
carol, but I'll make
them count.
Refactor! Pro can bless your
Visual Studio
2008 installation in many more ways, so I'll have to pick the very best.
"On the ninth day of X-mas my true love (DevExpress)
gave to me..."
In my
sixth verse, I described a feature of
Refactor! Pro that enables developers to leverage
the dreaded lambda expressions.
That refactoring (Compress to Lambda Expression) provides a way to transform an
anonymous method into a lambda expression. Today we're looking at lambda
expressions from the opposite perspective—transforming a lambda expression into
an anonymous method. Expand Lambda Expression is the refactoring that performs
this conversion. Given the lambda expression in the code below...
Expand Lambda Expression will produce this:
I'm sure that some of you are scratching your heads. "Why in the world would
I want to do that? Aren't lambda expressions better?" Well, yes. However,
transforming a lambda expression into an anonymous method makes other
refactorings available. For example, after expanding our lambda expression, we
might want to use Name Anonymous Method to make the anonymous method a member of
the current type. That way, we're promoting code reuse. Check out the preview hint
for Name Anonymous Method below.
Once Name Anonymous Method is applied, we can give the new method a good
name and we're done!
View Screencast of
Expand Lambda Expression and Name Anonymous Method in Action!
I must say, it gladdens my heart to know that there is a tool available
right now that allows me to refactor the latest and greatest
language features of
Visual Studio
2008. In fact, we've raised the bar by releasing a major update
to Refactor! Pro.
That's right,
Refactor! Pro 3.0 is now available and ships with 150 refactorings
for C#, Visual Basic, C++, ASP .NET, XAML, and even JavaScript. The future is
looking very bright indeed!
That was posted on Twitter today when I
announced that I was working on this very blog entry. Well, I've got news for
Mr. Justin "X-mas-Hater" Kohnen.
X-mas isn't over until the fat... uhhh... lady sings. (Hmmm... that worked out
much better in my head.)
While X-mas day has come and
gone, the holiday season continues. I have enough verses left in my song to
ensure that our merry-making runs all the way 'til the new year.
"On the eighth day of X-mas my true love (DevExpress)
gave to me..."
Since LINQ is such a big part of what
3.0 and
Visual Basic 9 are all about, I thought that showing two more
examples of refactorings that can be used in query expressions would be useful. The refactorings
we'll look at do not target query expressions specifically. Instead, these
are pre-existing, bread-and-butter refactorings that have been updated to support query
expressions properly.
What's a "bread-and-butter refactoring" you ask? It's one
of those refactorings that you can't live without—a part of your everyday
arsenal. It's important to know that these crucial refactorings work with the
latest and greatest language features.
OK, let's get started!
There are a number of refactorings that we could apply to the LINQ code above. First,
let's use Introduce Local to generate a new local variable assigned to the query
expression. This is easy enough to do. Just select the query expression,
press the Refactor key (CTRL+` by default), choose Introduce Local, and press
ENTER. Below is a screenshot of the preview hint for Introduce Local.
After naming the new local variable, our refactored code looks like so:
View Screencast of
Introduce Local in Action!
I would be remiss if I didn't mention that there is another way to use Introduce Local.
In addition to pressing the Refactor key, it is also possible to apply the
refactoring using cut-and-paste. 99% of the time, when cutting an expression to
the clipboard and pasting it within the same method on an empty line above the
cut location, the user's intention is to create
a local variable assigned to that expression.
Refactor! Pro takes advantage of
this knowledge to anticipate the user's intent and automatically apply
Introduce Local.
View Screencast of Introduce Local Using Cut-And-Paste!
One of the red flags that some have raised against query expressions is their
potential to cause code duplication. For example, the expressions in the where
and select clauses from the sample
code above really should be extracted to new
methods. That way, we promote code reuse. If not, we are doomed to write the
same tiny, bite-sized expressions over and over. Fortunately,
Refactor! Pro's
Extract Method refactoring works perfectly on these expressions. With Extract
Method, we can easily turn the code above into:
Believe it or not, using
Refactor! Pro, I'm able to
produce that code in
just 42 keystrokes—including 23 keystrokes for the method names and 12
for navigation and selection. That means that only seven
keystrokes are actually needed to apply
three Extract Method refactorings!
Curious? View the Screencast of Extract Method in Action!
Finally, I must mention that Extract Method can be used with
cut-and-paste just like Introduce Local. That's right, you can cut code to the
clipboard and paste it on an empty line outside of a method. Extract Method
will take over. Again,
Refactor! Pro
is working hard to anticipate your intentions.
View the Screencast of Extract Method Using Cut-And-Paste!
And thus ends the eighth verse of my song. Today we've looked at how two bread-and-butter refactorings, Introduce Local and Extract Method, can be
used within LINQ expressions. The coolest thing is that all of the screencasts
were recorded using
Visual Studio
2008. They aren't mock ups of future features. These refactorings work
with query expressions this very minute!
My Visual Basic friends might be a little worried because I didn't show these
refactorings working in Visual Basic. Well, rest assured, the refactorings
work fine. In fact, they work using the same keystrokes!
Now, that's what I call an
X-mas present.
Season's greetings!
We're halfway through my
X-mas carol describing how
Refactor! Pro
can be used to leverage the new features of
Visual Studio
2008. Today, I'm sharing a little more
Refactor! Pro
love by demonstrating a refactoring that literally can save minutes of
coding. That's right, minutes. Interested? OK, just let me
clear my voice...
"On the seventh day of X-mas my true love (DevExpress)
gave to me..."
A couple of days ago, I showed how
Refactor! Pro
can transform properties into
3.0 Auto-Implemented Properties. However, sometimes the opposite is needed.
We need a way to convert from an auto-implemented property to a standard
property and field.
Consider the following code:
Suppose that we want to add logic to both the Color1 and Color2
properties to ensure that they can't be set to the same value. Now, imagine how
much effort that would take. An awful lot of keystrokes are needed to get to the
code below.
Refactor! Pro provides a refactoring, called Create Backing Store, which
converts an auto-implemented property into a standard property with a field
backing store. In other words, it transforms this...
...into this.
That's pretty close to what we want. With the help of two other refactorings,
Introduce Setter Guard Clause and Collapse Accessor, we can continue to
manipulate the property to get the code below.
Now we just have to make a minor edit to the guard clause and we're done.
View Screencast of
These Refactorings in Action!
And that concludes my verse for today. Remember that the features I'm showing
you are available for download this very second. So, if you're
tired of waiting for
other tool</whisper>
to get its act together,
Refactor! Pro
can have you running laps through
Visual Studio
2008 in no time.
Merry X-mas
friends! It is indeed X-mas day, and I
have returned with a special gift for you. Today, I'm doing my part to
bring peace on earth and goodwill toward developers by showing one way that
Refactor! Pro can simplify the
dreaded lambda expressions. I'll
achieve this by showing three refactorings which can be used together
to transform some very
C-ish code
into modern
3.0 code.
And now, it's time to continue my anthem.
There's a hush. All is quiet. Then,
in the silence, a still, small voice is heard. It grows louder and louder
"On the sixth day of X-mas my true love (DevExpress)
gave to me..."
I'm not exactly sure why, but every time that I mention "lambda expressions"
to developers, their faces show confusion and terror. My guess is that this reaction is caused by one of three
It's for these reasons that I'll demonstrate a couple of other refactorings first.
We'll work our way up to lambda expressions.
Let's start with something more familiar.
The code above is an example of the sort of
imperative code that we write all of the time.
What do I mean by "imperative?" Well, it's like writing a recipe for the
computer—describing, in excruciating detail, the steps to solve a problem. There's nothing
terribly wrong with that. After all, it's how our
computer processors work. They execute a list of instructions—one at a
time. However, there is another way that this code can be written.
On the other side of the coin from
imperative code is
declarative code.
Declarative code describes what should be done instead of specifically how it
should be done. Writing code declaratively has many potential benefits over the
imperative style.
We can write the above code a bit more declaratively
by using a foreach loop.
That's better! To save keystrokes,
Refactor! Pro
provides a For to ForEach refactoring that easily performs this conversion.
Here's how the preview hint for this refactoring looks:
Another declarative possibility is to call the List<T>.ForEach method instead
using of a foreach loop.
In that case, we would pass an
anonymous delegate
to the method as the body of the loop like so:
In a declarative fashion, the above code states, "loop through the entire list, and execute
this function (delegate) for each item in the list." A powerful feature of the
anonymous delegate is that it references a variable (sum) outside of the delegate
body, producing a
(For more information on
closures, check out
this article.)
Of course,
Refactor! Pro provides a refactoring that renders this transformation
trivial: Introduce ForEach Action. The screenshot below shows the preview hint
for this refactoring.
Now, some of you might be saying, "Whoa! That anonymous delegate sure is an
ugly little spud1." You're right, it is. Enter the lambda
I don't want to present an entire history of lambda expressions here, but you
should understand that they pre-date computers entirely. So, if you've been
wondering where these crazy new things came from, know that they really aren't
crazy "new" things. Lambda expressions have been around since the
A C# lambda expression is really just an anonymous delegate on steroids. It
retains all of the functionality of an anonymous delegate but adds conciseness, better type
inference and even pseudo-meta-programming
expression trees.
Using a lambda expression is straight-forward, if a little funky:
If this is the first time that you've seen a lambda expression in the
wild, compare it
with the anonymous delegate that we used before. The parameters are declared to
the left of the =>
operator, and the body is declared to the right. The compiler works
out the types of the parameters so there's no need to specify them.
Of course, my X-mas present
for you today is another refactoring: Compress to Lambda Expression. This
refactoring (available now) converts anonymous delegates into
lambda expressions, saving dozens of keystrokes and head scratches. Again, here
is the preview hint to show what this refactoring does:
As always, I'm demonstrating features of
Refactor! Pro
that can be used to leverage the new features in
Visual Studio
2008 right now. In fact, all of the refactorings above have
been shipping for several months. In other
words, these aren't in some super-secret beta. They have been released.
As another refactoring goodie has been successfully unwrapped, it's time to
take my leave of you. Until tomorrow, have a warm and happy
1Ray Stanz,
'Twas the night before X-mas,
when all through the house,
Not a creature was stirring, not even a mouse;
The stockings were hung by the chimney with care,
In hopes that DevExpress soon would be
The children were nestled all snug in their beds,
While visions of
Refactor! Pro danced in their heads.
Ho, ho, ho! I'm back to stuff your stockings with another feature of Refactor! Pro
that lets you leverage
Visual Studio 2008
on this fine X-mas Eve.
But wait! Who's that knocking at your front door? Why it's a group
of carolers, here to sing a noël for us.
Shhh! They're about to begin.
"On the fifth day of X-mas my true love (DevExpress)
gave to me..."
One of the tastiest syntactic
sugar cookies that has
been added to
is Auto-Implemented Properties.
This feature allows C# developers to define properties far more concisely than before.
Here's how we used to define properties in
Whew! That's a lot of effort! Thanks to auto-implemented properties,
we can now define our properties like so:
Convert to Auto-Implemented Property is a refactoring that can be used to
change the first example into the second example. Check out the preview hint
below to
see everything that this refactoring will do for you.
That's all there is to it! This refactoring does exactly what you expect it
to do, and using it will save you dozens of keystrokes.
Unfortunately, our Visual Basic friends aren't feeling the love. You see,
auto-implemented properties is a
3.0-only feature that did not make it into
Visual Basic 9. However, it would be shameful to leave any developer out in the
cold. At the request of the
Visual Basic team,
we've added a new feature that provides the illusion of
auto-implemented properties in Visual Basic.
The above screenshot shows what the code looks like as it is being edited. As
you can see, no changes have been made yet. However, once the editor caret
leaves the property, the field and property automatically collapse onto one line:
View Screencast of
VB Property Collapse in Action!
That sleight-of-hand helps VB code appear more concise.
I hope this will help our Visual Basic friends feel a warm glow this
holiday season.
And with that, I must bid you farewell. Until next time...
He spoke not a word, but went straight to his work,
And filled all the stockings; then turned with a jerk,
And laying his finger aside of his nose,
And giving a nod, up the chimney he rose.
He sprang to his sleigh, to his team gave a whistle,
And away they all flew, like the down of a thistle:
But I heard him exclaim, as he drove out of sight—
Merry X-mas to all, and to all a good night.
Feliz Navidad my
aficionados! I've just finished warming up my voice and am ready to
continue my aria of
Refactor! Pro
support for
Visual Studio 2008. Ready or not, here we go!
And a one, and a two, and a one, two, three, four!
"On the fourth day of X-mas my true love (DevExpress)
gave to me..."
Today, instead of examining a brand new feature, we'll see how a pre-existing
refactoring handles the new features of C#
3.0 and
Visual Basic 9. Adding support for new language features involves much more
than simply creating a handful of new refactorings—all existing refactorings
must be updated as well. With
Refactor! Pro,
you can be confident that we've done our homework and provided support for
Visual Studio
2008 across the entire product.
Of all the refactorings available to me, I use Rename the most frequently.
This is due to the fact that I use
Refactor! Pro
to shape my code while I write it. Often, while coding a solution, I find that a
variable's meaning is no longer consistent with its name. When this happens,
Rename allows me to change the variable's name efficiently
and accurately. In fact, I've used Rename so often that I've grown to trust
it implicitly.
Rename doesn't let me down when I'm working with a
C# 3.0 query expression. With the editor caret positioned on the identifier of the from clause, I
can press the Refactor key (CTRL+` on my machine), and Rename kicks in,
highlighting the active identifier and all its references.
At this point, I can just type the new variable name. All references are updated in real time.
View Screencast of Rename in Action!
Rename also works perfectly in an equivalent Visual Basic query expression
(using fancy Aggregate syntax). Again, it's as easy as pressing the Refactor
...and typing the new variable name.
The moral of today's verse is that Refactor! Pro offers deep support for
Visual Studio
2008 in every refactoring. You can rest assured that all refactorings
just work as expected. And most importantly, they are working
this very minute. Not tomorrow. Not sometime in January.
Have a Merry X-mas!
Welcome back my 'nog-froth
mustachioed friends! I've returned with another helping of
Refactor! Pro
goodness for Visual
Studio 2008. One scrooge
commented that the last present was a little weak, so I've decided to give a bigger
gift this time. However, I will be saving some of my bestest presents for the very
So, sit back, relax and take out your ear plugs as I serenade you with my third
"On the third day of X-mas my true love (DevExpress)
gave to me..."
Of all the new features in
3.0 and
Visual Basic 9, Anonymous
Types is one of the most convenient. This feature allows the user to create
new objects "on the fly," without providing type definitions for them. For example:
When the C# compiler encounters the code above, it generates a new type with
two string properties:
and Age.
This powerful new feature is not without limitations. Because anonymous types
have no accessible type name (they're anonymous - duh!), they can only be referenced
by variables that are implicitly-typed. This becomes very frustrating when using anonymous types in other natural ways.
What should I fill in for
??? in the code above? One possibility is to use
object. However, if I do that, how do I access the properties from client
code? Reflection? An awkward
Recently, this very problem was hashed out on the
MSDN forums. The general consensus was, when you want to expose an anonymous
type in an API (e.g. return an anonymous type from a method), swap it out for a
defined type. However, defining a new type that matches an anonymous type is cumbersome.
Thankfully, Refactor!
Pro can step in and do this work for you. When the Name Anonymous Type refactoring
is applied to the anonymous type above, the following class is generated:
View Screencast of Name Anonymous Type in Action!
You might be thinking, "Wow! That's a lot of code! Is all of that really necessary?"
The answer is, yes, all of that code is necessary to produce a type definition that
is equivalent to the subtle features of an anonymous type. In C#, anonymous types
are immutable so we must generate read-only fields and properties. In addition,
the equality and identity of anonymous types are explicitly defined so they
can be compared with one another. In other words, C# anonymous types have value-type
semantics. The following code sample might clarify this:
Because of the value-type characteristics of anonymous types, the above code
outputs the following to the console.
Of course, if Name Anonymous Type is applied, the same output is produced.
Traditionally, the Visual Basic team likes to make life hard for us, and anonymous
types are no exception. Contrary to C#, the Visual Basic compiler generates
mutable anonymous types. In addition, Visual Basic allows for partially-mutable
anonymous types when the
Key keyword is applied. (This is further proof that C# and Visual Basic have
very different agendas and destinies.) Fortunately, Name Anonymous Type is intelligent
enough to handle these differences.
When applied to the above code, Name Anonymous Type generates a new
Person class like so:
To be consistent with the reference-type semantics of Visual Basic anonymous
types, Name Anonymous Type produces a mutable class. Gone are the overrides to
and GetHashCode().
In addition,
the properties are read-write. It's this sort of
language independence that makes
Refactor! Pro
a choice tool for
Visual Studio
2008 development.
And that wraps up another verse in my holiday sing-a-long! Remember that the
features I am showing can be used right now. There's no need
to wait for some forthcoming beta. You can use them today. Until
next time...
Season's greetings! Welcome back for another dose of
Yuletide cheer!
Yesterday, I sang to you about one way in which
Refactor! Pro
can be used to leverage the new features of
3.0 and
Visual Basic 9 right now. Today, I'm back with another verse to
warm your hearts this holiday season.
So, strike up the band! Rouse the drunken carolers! It's time to go
a wassailing once more.
"On the second day of X-mas my true love (DevExpress)
gave to me..."
Like its
sister refactoring, Make Explicit enables developers to manipulate
implicitly-typed local variables. However, it performs the opposite operation as
Make Implicit.
It converts implicitly-typed local variables to explicit ones. In other words,
Make Explicit will
transform the following code:
Like so:
Make Explicit must do a great deal of work to determine the type of the
expression that an implicitly-typed local variable is assigned to. Consider the
following code (which I found lurking in
some corner of the 'net):
In order to determine the type of services,
Make Explicit must have a full understanding of
LINQ. First, it must transform the query expression into the appropriate extension methods and lambda
expressions like so:
Next, Make Explicit must be able to resolve the extension methods and infer
the types of the lambda expressions. Once this is done, the type of the
expression can finally be determined. That's an awful lot of work, but it's
required to ensure that the type is inferred accurately. Fortunately, Make
Explicit executes all of this with blazing speed and infers the correct
View Screencast
of Make Explicit in Action! (#1)
If you have any doubt that Make Explicit is really doing this much work behind
the scenes, try commenting out the orderby
clause. Make Explicit will infer the correct type even after the query
expression has changed:
View Screencast
of Make Explicit in Action! (#2)
Finally, I should mention that Make Explicit works just as handily with
Visual Basic.
In the above code, Make Explicit properly infers the type of services as
IOrderedEnumerable<ServiceController>. Awesome.
One last closing thought: some of you might be thinking right now, "Why would
I want to do this? Aren't implicitly-typed local variables better?" There are a
few scenarios in which Make Explicit is useful:
For these reasons, Make Explicit takes its rightful place among the
refactorings that support
Visual Studio
"And a partridge in a pear tree..."
And so concludes today's verse. It's time to settle back with a warm mug of
spiked eggnog and kick up your feet. Join me tomorrow as we take a peek at
another way in which
Refactor! Pro
brings the X-mas love.
Gentle readers, in the spirit of
X-mas, I'd like to sing you a
carol. This jolly tune
(based on a popular
old English
carol) enumerates ways that
Refactor! Pro
can warm your installation of
Visual Studio 2008
this holiday season. In contrast to some of our... ahem...
the features I'll be showing can be used today. In fact, most of
these features have been shipping since Visual Studio 2008 was still a wee child
known by its code name, Orcas.
But, hey, enough of my yammering! Stoke the fire and put on a kettle! Let the merry-making
"On the first day of X-mas my true love (DevExpress)
gave to me..."
Visual Studio 2008 introduced a welcome addition to both the
C# and
Visual Basic
languages: implicitly-typed local variables. While this feature is necessary to
properly support another feature,
anonymous types, it can
also be used to enhance the readability of client code—especially when generic types
are being used. Consider the following code:
That sort of code can be a bit frustrating. Dictionary<TKey, TValue> is extremely
powerful, but can be awkward to use. The developer is forced to fully declare the
type name (which is often quite long) on both the left and right sides of the local
variable declaration. Thankfully, an implicitly-typed local variable can alleviate
this problem:
Now for the really good news: Refactor! Pro provides Make Implicit, a refactoring
which easily converts explicitly-declared local variables to implicit ones. Check
out the preview hint for Make Implicit:
Screencast of Make Implicit in Action!
Of course, like most of our refactorings, Make Implicit works in Visual Basic
as well.
Some critics might be thinking, "What's the point? It just deletes text and inserts
a keyword! I could write a macro to do that!" Well, before those skeptics get too
comfortable with their new macro, consider what Make Implicit must do with code
like the following:
If Make Implicit were simply to swap
ulong for
var, there would be a serious problem. Instead of
ulong, the type of
would be inferred as
int, changing the meaning of the code. To fix this problem, a minor
adjustment is made to prevent shooting the code in its proverbial foot.
So, throw your macro away! Let Make Implicit handle the edge cases
Ho, ho, ho! That's quite a gift under the tree! Come back tomorrow when I
continue my jaunty tune and look at another Visual Studio 2008-specific
refactoring that is available to you today: Make
it has recently been
discovered that even Extension Methods can be used in projects targeting .NET
Framework 2.0 and 3.0. All that must be done to enable this support is to create a new System.Runtime.CompilerServices.ExtensionAttribute.
This trick does have flaws. There are potential scoping issues that occur
when an assembly containing a custom
System.Runtime.CompilerServices.ExtensionAttribute is referenced by a project
that targets .NET Framework 3.5. A compiler warning is generated stating that
"the predefined type 'System.Runtime.CompilerServices.ExtensionAttribute' is
defined in multiple assemblies in the global alias." However, this is only a
minor irritation. In my tests, Extension Methods still worked properly despite
the warning.
The ability to use C# 3.0 features in .NET Framework 2.0 or 3.0 projects is
very powerful. It helps users get comfortable with the new syntax without having
to upgrade projects to .NET Framework 3.5. Viva la C# 2.5!
A common solution—especially for high-resolution displays—is to increase
the font size in the editor. Personally, I'm a big fan Microsoft's
font, and as Scott Hanselman
points out, I really feel that it looks best at 15 point.
This is well-covered territory in the blogosphere, but I want to discuss a
point that frequently is overlooked. While many of us strive
for the perfect font and color scheme in the text editor, we neglect the
opportunities for improvement in other windows. For example, I may feel
good about using 15-point Consolas to decrease my eye strain, but I haven't done
anything to improve my experience with
(Public speakers are often the biggest culprits of this. Helpful presenters
will increase the size of their editor font, but few will adjust other areas
such as IntelliSense, debugging windows, etc.)
Fortunately, Visual Studio 2005 makes changing the fonts and colors
of much of the IDE easy. The "Show settings for" combo box on the Fonts and
Colors page of Visual Studio's Options dialog provides the ability to customize
many areas of the IDE,
in addition to the text editor. For example, the default font setting for the
statement completion window is definitely too small when compared to the
15-point font size that I use in the text editor.
One simple trick to improve the readability of the statement completion
window is to use exactly the same font and point size as the text editor.
Logically, if I'm searching for a class or method name in IntelliSense, it might
be easier to find if it looks exactly like it will when inserted into the text
A similar effect can be achieved by adjusting the font of the editor
tooltips. Compare the default setting...
...to the adjusted one.
Other good candidates for similar adjustment are:
Remember: when your goal is to improve readability and reduce eye fatigue,
adjusting the font in the text editor isn't enough. Pay attention to the font in
all areas of Visual Studio.
CopySourceAsHtml is an extremely useful
Visual Studio add-in that places a new menu item on
the context menu of the editor. This is especially helpful for
bloggers looking for an easy way to get rich source code highlighting into their
In general, I usually find it necessary to massage the HTML results a bit to get code to
look good in RSS feeds, but it is far easier than, say, manual highlighting.
Yesterday, while working on my Art of Currying
article, I found it necessary to highlight some C# 3.0 code and was disappointed to find that the trusty "Copy As HTML..." menu item wasn't
available. Fortunately, it's very easy to install the add-in into Visual
Studio 2008 beta 2.
The CopySourceAsHtml installer drops four files in the "My Documents\Visual
Studio 2005\Addins" directory:
Simply copy these files to the "My Documents\Visual Studio 2008\Addins"
directory. If the "Addins" subdirectory doesn't exist, just create it. If you
are using Windows Vista, substitute "Users\CURRENTUSER\Documents" for "My
Next, in a text editor, open the CopySourceAsHtml.AddIn file that you just
copied and change the
two <Version> tags from 8.0 to 9.0. When you're finished, it should look like
Save the file and... your're done! Start up Visual Studio 2008 beta 2, and that handy
context menu item is now available and works great.
Page rendered at Sunday, July 05, 2015 11:24:20 AM (Pacific Standard Time, UTC-08:00)
If feel a bit behind and need to catch up on WPF, this is the book.
Great book on F# containing from Beginner to Advanced. It even has chapters on more arcane features of the language, such as Computation Expressions and Quotations.
Because this book provides source code in Standard ML, it's a fantastic
resource for learning F#. One bit of warning: this book does not teach classic
data structures. While structures such as binomial heaps and red-black trees
are presented, it is assumed that the reader already knows and understands
The opinions expressed herein are my own personal opinions and do not represent
my employer's view in any way.


text:
Duckling With Apple Kraut
1 Jan 2009
This extra delicious Duckling with Applekraut is sure to catch your fancy. With a combintaion of ingredients, it's needless to say that this Duckling with Applekraut is sure to challenge your taste buds!
|Ready to cook duckling
|4 Pound, quartered
|Rendered duck fat
|2 Tablespoon
|Chopped onion
|1⁄2 Cup (8 tbs)
|1 Pound
|Caraway seeds
|1 Teaspoon
|Tart apples
|3 Pound, diced
Cook duck in fat in a heavy skillet over moderate heat until nicely browned on all sides, about 40 minutes.
Remove pieces of duck; pour off excess fat leaving 3 or 4 tablespoons drippings.
Add onion, cook until soft.
Drain off most of liquid from sauer- kraut; mix 'kraut with caraway seeds, apples and onions in skillet.
Arrange duck, skin side down, on this savory bed.
Cover and simmer for 30 minutes.
Serve with fluffy mashed potatoes.
Recipe Summary
Difficulty Level:Easy
Course:Side Dish
Rate It
0 Comments
Duckling With Apple Kraut Recipe

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Results 1 to 3 of 3
Thread: ULTIMA's Sketchbook O' Wonders
March 27th, 2010 #1
ULTIMA's Sketchbook O' Wonders
Just some concept works for a personal project of mine I plan to put together sometime down the road.
"Hero has earned: Sword made of Grandmothers!"
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I like your style Lupus looks pretty cool.
Whats with the lupus having a buckle on his elbow.. whats that about? Couldn't read your writing explaining it.. My crit is it looks awkward..
March 31st, 2010 #3
You got some nice concepts there.
I agree with KilianJ the shield thingy looks very awkward.
I like the sort of modern knight look though.
Sorry for my crappy English
Looking for tips and tricks


text:
Posted: May 24, 2014 at 3:37 a.m.
FRIDAY'S HIGHLIGHTS 6A SOFTBALL BENTON 4, SHERIDAN 2 Benton was down to its final strike of the season, trailing Sheridan 2-1 in the top of the seventh inning, when freshman Breanna Langford smashed a three-run home run to left field to give the Lady Panthers their first lead. Then Langford finished off the Lady Yellowjackets, taking the mound and slamming the door shut on Sheridan. 7C
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text:
Jack of all trades or two aces...?
View Single Post
Beastly Adventurer
Joined: Oct 2007
Location: Cincinnati OH/Stuart FL
Oddometer: 1,661
Jack of all trades or two aces...?
Same boat, I had a KLR and found it to be OK at a few things, and not good at most. I don't ride that much dirt since there isn't that much around me, but I have a 1200GS which covers gravel, commuting to work, and touring 2 up with my wife.
Then there's my 900SS for twisty roads and hooliganism, I have an SV650 which is in the same niche but I can't seem to get rid of it as it's not worth anything to sell and really is the perfect standard motorcycle.
Got a couple vintage '70s Hondas which I really cannot justify owning anymore as I ride the about once or twice a year, but, as they say, they don't eat anything so in the corner of the basement under a blanket they sit.
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text: http://news.softpedia.com – On November 8, Canonical published in a security notice details about a Qt vulnerability for its Ubuntu 12.10 (Quantal Quetzal), Ubuntu 11.10 (Oneiric Ocelot) and Ubuntu 10.04 LTS (Lucid Lynx) operating systems. According to Canonical, Qt applications could be made to expose sensitive information over the network. Juliano Rizzo and Thai Duong discovered a flaw in the Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol when it is used with data compression. If an att... (read more) (General)


text:
Panasonic GF-5 for £229 with standard 14-42 from QVC
Started Feb 9, 2013 | Discussions thread
Junior Member • Posts: 25 • Gear list
It's £374 on Amazon.co.uk!
richcbaker899's gear list:richcbaker899's gear list
Panasonic Lumix DMC-G6 Panasonic Lumix G 14mm F2.5 ASPH Panasonic Lumix G Vario 14-140mm F3.5-5.6 ASPH. / Power O.I.S
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text:
PRLog - May 22, 2012 - CHICAGO -- News Release
Michelle Resendiz
Public Relations
(630) 433-1512
Plus Fashion Week™ to host shopping event at vive la femme June 21st, 2012.
For the past decade vive la femme has provided full-figured shoppers with the latest trends exclusively in sizes 12-24. Customers here will find brands of quality, including the likes of Comfy, Kiyonna, and Zen Knits, many of whom are manufactured in the USA. Come and see for yourself what has made vive la femme Chicago's foremost plus size fashion boutique! Whether it is a dress, shawl, skirt, or accessories your closet is missing, you will find your missing piece in our summer event.
On June 21st, from 6:30p to 8:30p, Vive la femme will feature a fresh summer shipment from Igigi at a semi-private event promoted to and for Chicago's curvy community.
Please join Vive la femme, Igigi, and PFW Chicago for an evening of fabulous fashion to celebrate vive la femme's 10th anniversary year!
Since 2002, vive la femme has offered Chicago's full-figured shoppers the latest looks and trends exclusively in sizes 12-24.We are thrilled to have achieved a decade of making plus-size fashion history!
Created by Yuliya Raquel, Igigi is the premiere brand of contemporary collections designed to fulfill the lifestyle of the beautiful, voluptuous, and confident woman. Vive la femme has stocked the Igigi line literally since the day we opened, and we are proud to partner with them to spotlight their feminine and flattering fashions.
Local plus-size fashion enthusiasts from Plus Fashion Week Chicago will be at Vive la femme for a fun and foxy full-figured meet-and-greet.
All new Igigi styles will be 20% off, and light refreshments will be served.


text:
Peter Gomena,
You have a valid point about the time.
But because the image is a step wedge, in terms of "underexposure", it doesn't matter because you can see the curves rise up out of the toe and and reach practical exposure levels.
You have basically created a reciprocity failure study at 0.9 or 1 seconds. You should shorten the time a bit, unless you decide that the reciprocity failure at this time is reasonably close to what you normally shoot.


text:
Italian Omelet
|Bread slice
|4 (slightly dry)
|1⁄2 Cup (8 tbs)
|Green onions
|1⁄4 Pound, washed, trimmed and finely chopped (1 bunch)
|Olive oil/Vegetable oil
|2 Tablespoon
|1⁄2 Teaspoon
|1⁄8 Teaspoon
|Parmesan cheese
|1⁄2 Cup (8 tbs), grated
|2 Tablespoon, finely chopped
1. Preheat the oven at 350°.
2. In shallow pan place bread, pour milk over; let soak, then pull apart into coarse crumbs.
3. In 10-inch frying pan in olive oil or vegetable oil saute onions with ovenproof or removable handle 5 minutes and remove from heat.
4. Separate eggs, putting whites into large bowl and yolks into medium-size bowl.
5. Beat egg whites with salt and pepper until they stand in firm peaks.
6. Beat egg yolks until light and stir in sauteed onions, bread-crumb mixture, cheese and parsley.
7. Fold mixture into egg whites until no streaks of white or yellow remain.
8. Into same frying pan pour the white mixture and cook over low heat 10 minutes until mixture is set on the bottom.
9. Bake omelet in the moderately preheated oven for 10 minutes until puffy and golden on top.
10. With sharp-blade knife cut into wedges and serve immediately.


text:
Learn how to create your own Visual WebGui Silverlight theme using a default theme.
Latest UML and Design Articles
FreeDOM (Programming)
Learn about FreeDOM (Free Document Object Model), a web development technique used to create event-driven web applications. FreeDOM is designed to overcome the limitations of stateless HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) transmissions.
Visual C++ Class Designer
The release of Visual Studio 2008 brings support for using the Visual Studio Class Designer with Visual C++ projects. Look at the differences in how the Class Designer works with C++ compared to purely managed languages, and learn about the range of functionality available to C++ developers.
Language Wars All Over Again with UML
The good news about UML is it provides software developers an industry-standard language to describe problems and solutions. The bad news is it has sparked the same good-versus-bad debates that they fought over C# and Visual Basic .NET.
PocketUML Tools Add-in for Visual Studio.NET
[Update] A portable UML tool add-in for Visual Studio .NET. The author had been incorrect credited. This has been corrected.
Latest Developer VideosMore...
Latest CodeGuru Developer Columns
Control Statements and Basic Loops in C++/CLI
Become more proficient on the usage of statements to control the flow of execution through a C++/CLI application.
Using C# to Find Out What Your Computer is Made of
Your computer has a lot of information available to your inquisitive mind. Learn all its secrets with a few lines of code.
Getting Started with Roslyn
Roslyn will be released in the not too distant future. Read up on the new features that will be included.
The Top Challenge for Developers is...
Most developers face a grueling challenge to please their end users. We asked their top challenge is. With over 3,000 responses, the results are now available!


text:
Gastroentérologie Clinique et Biologique
- Print ISSN
- 0399-8320
- Impact factor
- 0.726
- Publisher
- Sciencedirect
- http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03998320
- Usage rank
- 11046
- Article count
- 8222
- Free count
- 0
- Free percentage
- 0.0
- PDFs via platforms
- Sciencedirect from 2004 to 2010
Nicorandil: a curable cause of anal ulceration to be known...
Gastroentérologie Clinique et Biologique 34(11):639 (2010) PMID 20884145
[Collagenous gastritis and ileo-colitis occurred in autoimmune context: report of a case and review of the literature].
Gastroentérologie Clinique et Biologique 34(8-9):e1 (2010) PMID 20637552We report the seventh case of collagenous gastritis, ileitis and colitis in a 75-year-old woman with chronic diarrhea and important weight loss. This thickened subepithelial collagen band was appeared in an autoimmune injury context with antecedent of Hashimoto's thyroiditis and probably chronic atr...
Massive rectal bleeding distant from a blunt car trauma.
Gastroentérologie Clinique et Biologique 34(8-9):499 (2010) PMID 20638207We report here a rare case of rectal bleeding by rupture of a mesosigmoid haematoma. An emergent laparotomy revealed a mesosigmoid haematoma with a centimetric rectal perforation. The wearing of safety belts added some specific blunt abdominal trauma, which directly depends on lap-and-sash belts. Me...
Portal biliopathy.
Gastroentérologie Clinique et Biologique 34(8-9):425 (2010) PMID 20692780
ActiTest accuracy for the assessment of histological activity grades in patients with chronic hepatitis C, an overview using Obuchowski meas...
Gastroentérologie Clinique et Biologique 34(6-7):388 (2010) PMID 20580175ActiTest (AT) is a biomarker of liver necro-inflammatory histological activity validated in patients with chronic hepatitis C (HCV). The aim was to assess the accuracy of AT in comparison with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) the standard of care. Methods used an integrated database of individual data...
Surgical management of liver metastases from gastrointestinal endocrine tumors.
Gastroentérologie Clinique et Biologique 34(4-5):274 (2010) PMID 20347242Liver metastases from endocrine tumors can reduce 5-year survival from 90% to 40% and, in cases of functional gastrointestinal endocrine tumors, lead to a carcinoid syndrome. Complete resection of cancerous disease should be considered in all cases. Indeed, after hepatectomy, prolonged survival (41-...
[Peripheric cholangiocarcinoma: radiopathologic correlations].
Gastroentérologie Clinique et Biologique 34(3):181 (2010) PMID 20202773
Hepatic iron overload and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis.
Gastroentérologie Clinique et Biologique 34(1):1 (2010) PMID 19762191Iron accumulation in the liver is considered to be a co-factor for progression of liver disease. Iron overload can enhance the effects of oxidative stress and influence the natural history of patients with cirrhosis, exposing them to a higher risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. The results of clinical...
Genetic alterations in precancerous pancreatic lesions and their clinical implications.
Gastroentérologie Clinique et Biologique 33(10-11):1028 (2009) PMID 19766418Pancreatic adenocarcinoma, with an incidence/death ratio of 0.99, has the worst prognosis of all cancers. Risk factors associated with the sporadic form of pancreatic adenocarcinoma are unknown and less than 10% of patients receive curative treatment (surgery associated with radiation therapy or che...
[Hepatic transplantation].
Gastroentérologie Clinique et Biologique 33(8-9):868 (2009) PMID 19556084(a) the development of more specific immunosuppressive drugs to prevent rejection, the incidence of which is currently less than 20%: tacrolimus, mycophenolic acid, anti-IL2 receptor antibodies, mTOR inhibitors, (b) a policy of active recruitment of organs together with surgical innovations (split l...


text:
Controls a nuclear reactor which produces steam for generation of electrical power and in operation of auxiliary equipment.
- U. S. Citizen or intent to become one
- 18 years of age minimum
- Good moral Character
- Professional
Must have 1 1/2 years employment under a second class engineer's license or an assistant nuclear power plant operator license, or must posses a B.S. degree in Engineering plus 1 year of experience in some capacity of steam plant operation
- Examination:
Must pass a written exam and an oral exam, offered in September, March and June.
Continuing Education:
· Not required
Exam --- $35
License Renewal - Every 2 years on Birth date $60


text:
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Consult a Trained NWU Contract Advisor
Get Contract Advice
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User login
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About the NWU
Books on Work and Labor Unions by current & former members
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Holiday greeting from the NUJ, Ireland
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Resolution Against War in Iraq
War Will Hit Working People
February, 2003
By a vote of 55 to 16 (with 4 abstentions) the NWU's national governing body, the Delegates Assembly, adopted the following resolution opposing a war against Iraq:
WHEREAS, over 100 trade unionists from 76 local, regional and national unions, central labor councils and other labor organizations (see details below) representing over 2 million members gathered in Chicago for an unprecedented meeting to discuss our concerns about the Bush administration's threat of war; and
WHEREAS, union members and leaders have the responsibility to inform all working people about issues that affect their lives, jobs and families, and to be heard in the national debate on these issues; and
WHEREAS, the principal victims of any military action in Iraq will be the sons and daughters of working class families serving in the military who will be put in harm's way, and innocent Iraqi civilians who have already suffered so much; and
WHEREAS, we have no quarrel with the ordinary working class men, women and children of Iraq, or any other country; and
WHEREAS, the billions of dollars spent to stage and execute this war are being taken away from our schools, hospitals, housing and Social Security; and
WHEREAS, the war is a pretext for attacks on labor, civil, immigrant and human rights at home; and
WHEREAS, Bush's drive for war serves as a cover and distraction for the sinking economy, corporate corruption and layoffs; and
WHEREAS, such military action is predicted actually to increase the likelihood of retaliatory terrorist acts; and
WHEREAS, there is no convincing link between Iraq and Al Qaeda or the attacks on Sept. 11, and neither the Bush administration nor the UN inspections have demonstrated that Iraq poses a real threat to Americans; and
WHEREAS, U.S. military action against Iraq threatens the peaceful resolution of disputes among states, jeopardizing the safety and security of the entire world, including Americans; and
WHEREAS, labor has had an historic role in fighting for justice; therefore
We hereby establish the "U.S. Labor Against the War" (USLAW); and
Resolve that U.S. Labor Against the War stands firmly against Bush's war drive; and
Further resolve that U.S. Labor Against the War will publicize this statement, and promote union, labor and community antiwar activity.
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text: Not being hypocritical in front of your children might very well lead to your children not being hypocritical themselves. What a gift! How much damage do we do when we provide a DISHONEST model, or perhaps that's a model of dishonesty, for our children? What kind of example is THAT? I much prefer being honest. You "felt you could protect your children more with candor?" OF COURSE! You actually gave them truth, the facts, and they know they can believe you. Your kids may smoke pot as adults (when they DO try it, they'll probably like it), or they may not (familiarity breeds contempt), but they will probably stay away from the ones you warn them about, which is more than most parents can claim. You are doing a wonderful job, both with the issue of marijuana AND as a Mom. Just keep doin' what yer' doin'! See? Marijuana is not a problem, it's prohibition which is the problem. Reply


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Game Credits
|Real Warfare: 1242 (2011)
|(Technical Co-Producer)
|Majesty 2: The Fantasy Kingdom Sim (2009)
|Reign: Conflict of Nations (2009)
|(Technical Co-Producer)
|Rig'n'Roll (2009)
|(Technical Co-Producer)
|Cryostasis (2008)
|(Technology Co-producer)
|Death Track: Resurrection (2008)
|(Technical Producer)
|4x4 Hummer (2007)
|(Technical Producer)
|Ascension to the Throne (2007)
|(Tech Producer)
|Classic Car Racing (2007)
|(Technical Co-Producer)
|You Are Empty (2006)
|(Technical Producer)
|American Chopper (2004)
|(Lead Programmer)
|RC Cars (2002)
|(Lead Programmer)
|Millennium Racer: Y2K Fighters (1999)
|(Lead Programmers)
Creative Services
|Rig'n'Roll (2009)
|(User Guide)
|The Tomorrow War (2006)
|(Technical Producer)
|Stand O'Food (2009)
|(Special Thanks to )
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Related Sites
- Dmitry Dolgov's LiveJournal! -- Dmitry Dolgov's personal blog (Russian)


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Interior Minimalist
Interior minimalist it would seem that it may be easier – to create an interior and minimalist: throw out everything superfluous, leaving a minimum, only the most necessary but an undeniable law of creation states: the simpler things, the harder it done it is very difficult to stop in time and do not overload, do not spoil the superfluous details of art, furniture or interior minimalism in its various versions into fashion periodically the desire for it arises, usually at the turn of epochs, when the artistic value of the previous era swept aside, and take their place new ones at such times, people usually feel a sense of fatigue, mood of decadence, then there is this desire for a simple and pure forms and solutions it revived the fashion for minimalism the. Great Living Room Decorative Ideas Formal origins of minimalism lies in constructivism the 1920′s, and spiritual – in the "zen" interiors in japan stylish luxury bedroom interior ideas stylish luxury bedroom interior ideas stylish luxury bedroom interiors stylish luxury designer furniture light in interior style minimalism the modern interior in a minimalist style can be described as a simulation of space and light using only the necessary items the most important thing when creating a minimalist interior is a competently planned space, in which many scattered, quiet light, which creates a sense of luminous walls and ceiling, an abundance of air exclusive luxury living room designs exclusive luxury living room furniture design exclusive luxury living room furniture ideas layout of interior in the style of minimalism to the feeling of latitude and space, space as possible is released. Amazing Interior – Living Room Design Ideas From the internal walls big is not draped windows, filling the space with light, connect the housing with the outside world, making it part of the interior in a minimalist style glass partitions, light walls and ceiling, shining light floor create a sense of unrestricted freedom zoning of space in a minimalist style is made with the help of color sex, translucent fabric or glass sliding partitions, using the lights in the walls, floor or ceiling lamps are usually not visible, or they are simple in form glass shelves racks, glass tabletops and cabinet doors as if dissolved in air, not zasnimaya space no knick – knacks, accessories are very few the windows – simple in form blinds made of transparent fabric or metal they too should be almost unnoticeable beautiful luxury kitchen. Amazing and Stylish Interior Designs beautiful luxury kitchen designs ideas beautiful luxury kitchen interior ideas the color palette and minimalist interior light, based on the game tones, a lot of white, graphic quality accentuated by black or gray in general, black and white combination is a great foundation that emphasizes the benefit of any color the palette complement the natural tones of wood, brick, metal, glass glitter use simple natural finishing materials, often rough, rough texture: bricks, concrete, wood or plaster in minimalist interiors are very important simple shapes and lines, as well as almost no decor on windows and walls the interior is minimalist "game" in the subjects: the interior is enlivened by single expressive detail – standing in a white room, a lone black vase, or – a bright splash of paintings on the wall. Stylish Living Room – Interior Design Ideas Light matte walls can be a perfect backdrop for a small number of subjects of painting (better graphics) or toasters appropriate style an important detail in the interiors done in a minimalist style – paintings should be framed in a simple thin frame luxury stylish wooden furniture luxury teak outdoor furniture ideas modern asian furniture designs modern designer luxury furniture the forms of furniture in a minimalist style interior is also simple: the sharp corners, no plastic lines sofas with rectangular cushions and armrests rigid, such as chairs and tables rectangular, almost cubic shape the upholstery is light, single – colored, contrasting with a few "spots" – pillows, for example there is nothing superfluous, everything is hidden deep down therefore, the furniture dominate the catwalks, closed cabinets, and ideally – boxes for storage. Great Living Room Layout and Decoration Color kitchen design ideas modern kitchen furniture small kitchen interior designs interior materials in the style of minimalism the use of metal in the interior gives it a minimalist modernity: metal table – tops in the kitchen, legs of chairs, rack shelves and the sunlight reflected from the glass and a smooth metal, creating an atmosphere of joy, lightness and airiness it is now the kingdom of emptiness and light, geometrically correct forms and horizontal planes the surfaces of objects in the interiors of minimalism preferably made from solid plates and floors – the most long and wide boards sami surface must be perfect, minimalism can not bear fragmentation and untreated relax in comfort and modern bathroom bath – accessory or a necessity for bathroom style in the modern bathroom furniture bathroom –.


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I just made a HUGE discovery. When I have to do a disc cleanup on my computer EVERYthing I created in Hexagon is lost as far as the textures. I have to re-apply the textures in Daz but they get all messed up so I have to go back into Hexa and do it again. SO, is there a way to put the hexbridge on an external drive so I don't lose it everytime I need to clean up my computer??? Or how do I prevent my computer from losing those temp files when I clean up??
I am already thinking to move ALL of my Daz and Hex files onto an external drive so can the hexbridge/daz bridge be moved to the external as well?
Hexbridge temp files


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iHerb Customer Reviews
Items 1-4 of 4 total
Liquid Gold
Posted by Reviewer2004569 on Aug 05, 2008
This has been a favorite of mine for the last 2 years! I notice a difference if I have to go without. The vitamin store I used to go to closed and I was so pleased to find iHerb.com!
product, company review
Posted by Reviewer1111856 on Oct 23, 2008
good product, great taste excellent overseas delivery!
good product
Posted by Reviewer1509909 on Dec 29, 2008
I like it as a multi-vitamin. Good for energy. I have a demanding job.
No swallowing pills for me
Posted by Reviewer1367342 on Mar 27, 2009
For those who for whatever reason can not or do not like swallowing pills this multivitamin may be the answer you seek. Down side is that in order for the company to give the illusion of getting more vitamins for your money they have watered it down with more juice. The orginal 16 ounce bottle was more concentrated and had less juice. Vitamins I need, not extra juice thank you.
Items 1-4 of 4 total


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Kevil, Kentucky
|Kevil, Kentucky
Location of Kevil, Kentucky
|Coordinates: 37°5′2″N 88°53′2″W / 37.08389°N 88.88389°WCoordinates: 37°5′2″N 88°53′2″W / 37.08389°N 88.88389°W
|United States
|Named for
|a local landowner[1]
|• Total
|0.4 sq mi (1.1 km2)
|• Land
|0.4 sq mi (1.1 km2)
|• Water
|0.0 sq mi (0.0 km2)
|430 ft (131 m)
|Population (2010)
|• Total
|• Density
|888/sq mi (342.8/km2)
|Time zone
|Central (CST) (UTC-6)
|• Summer (DST)
|Area code(s)
|270 & 364
|FIPS code
|GNIS feature ID
Kevil is a 6th-class city in Ballard County, Kentucky, in the United States. The population was 376 at the 2010 census,[2] down from 574 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Paducah micropolitan area.
Founded for its position on the Illinois Central Railroad, the town received its post office in 1903 and was named for local landowner R.U. Kevil.[1] It was formally incorporated by the state assembly in 1910.[3]
Kevil is located in eastern Ballard County at 37°5′2″N 88°53′2″W / 37.08389°N 88.88389°W (37.083999, -88.883993),[4] along U.S. Route 60. It is 17 miles (27 km) west of Paducah and 16 miles (26 km) northeast of Wickliffe, the Ballard County seat located on the Mississippi River.
According to the United States Census Bureau, Kevil has a total area of 0.42 square miles (1.1 km2), all land.[2]
As of the census[5] of 2000, there were 574 people, 245 households, and 169 families residing in the city. The population density was 894.8 people per square mile (346.3/km²). There were 266 housing units at an average density of 414.7 per square mile (160.5/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 98.95% White, 0.17% African American, 0.35% from other races, and 0.52% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.52% of the population.
There were 245 households out of which 30.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.1% were married couples living together, 9.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.0% were non-families. 28.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 16.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.31 and the average family size was 2.82.
In the city the population was spread out with 24.6% under the age of 18, 3.3% from 18 to 24, 29.1% from 25 to 44, 25.6% from 45 to 64, and 17.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 93.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.5 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $32,417, and the median income for a family was $44,688. Males had a median income of $35,625 versus $24,688 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,974. About 9.6% of families and 15.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.1% of those under age 18 and 14.4% of those age 65 or over.
- ^ a b Rennick, Robert. Kentucky Place Names, p. 159. University Press of Kentucky (Lexington), 1987. Accessed 1 Aug 2013.
- ^ a b "Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Kevil city, Kentucky". U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder. Retrieved November 18, 2013.
- ^ Commonwealth of Kentucky. Office of the Secretary of State. Land Office. "Kevil, Kentucky". Accessed 1 Aug 2013.
- ^ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2011-04-23.
- ^ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.


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- Differential Diagnosis
- Diseases
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- More
- Try building your search one term at a time, and be as specific as you can! Search term example: "chronic cough".
- Do not enter multiple findings such as "anemia, chronic cough, weight loss, vomiting" all at the same time.
- After selecting your term from the search results a list of possible diagnoses will be generated. If the list is too long, you will be able to narrow it down by entering additional terms.
- Do not enter values such as "heart rhythm 110" or "sodium 125", instead use "tachycardia" or "hyponatremia".
Sign-in (or register) to check out the new features we've just launched!
Differential Diagnosis For Patient/Lymphoma
Available only to registered users.
- Suggest
- 6 possible diagnoses found
- Neoplastic Disorders
- Lymphoproliferative disorder
- Lymphoma, testes
- Lymphoma/malignant, non-Hodgkins
- Mediastinum, lymphosarcoma/lymphoma
- Arteriosclerotic, Vascular, Venous Disorders
- Cerebral/Venous sinus thrombophlebitis
- Vegetative, Autonomic, Endocrine Disorders
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- Synonyms
- Germinoblastic Sarcoma, Germinoblastic Sarcomas, germinoblastoma, Germinoblastomas, Lymphoma, Lymphoma (clinical), Lymphoma (Hodgkin's and Non-Hodgkin's), Lymphoma malignant, Lymphomas, Lymphomas Malignant, Malig.lymphoma-unspec site, Malignant lymphoma, Malignant lymphoma (clinical), Malignant lymphoma (disorder), Malignant lymphoma no ICD-O subtype (morphologic abnormality), Malignant lymphoma of unspecified site, Malignant lymphoma of unspecified site (disorder), Malignant Lymphomas, Patient, Reticulolymphosarcoma, Reticulolymphosarcomas, Sarcoma Germinoblastic, Sarcomas Germinoblastic
- External Links Related to Patient/Lymphoma
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Population and antenatal-based HIV prevalence estimates in a high contracepting female population in rural South Africa
1 Africa Centre for Health & Population Studies, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa
2 Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany
3 Centre for Population Studies, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
4 Department of HIV and Genitourinary Medicine, King's College London School of Medicine at Guy's, King's College and St Thomas' Hospitals, London, UK
5 Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Child Health, UCL, London, UK
BMC Public Health 2007, 7:160 doi:10.1186/1471-2458-7-160Published: 18 July 2007
To present and compare population-based and antenatal-care (ANC) sentinel surveillance HIV prevalence estimates among women in a rural South African population where both provision of ANC services and family planning is prevalent and fertility is declining. With a need, in such settings, to understand how to appropriately adjust ANC sentinel surveillance estimates to represent HIV prevalence in general populations, and with evidence of possible biases inherent to both surveillance systems, we explore differences between the two systems. There is particular emphasis on unrepresentative selection of ANC clinics and unrepresentative testing in the population.
HIV sero-prevalence amongst blood samples collected from women consenting to test during the 2005 annual longitudinal population-based serological survey was compared to anonymous unlinked HIV sero-prevalence amongst women attending antenatal care (ANC) first visits in six clinics (January to May 2005). Both surveillance systems were conducted as part of the Africa Centre Demographic Information System.
Population-based HIV prevalence estimates for all women (25.2%) and pregnant women (23.7%) were significantly lower than that for ANC attendees (37.7%). A large proportion of women attending urban or peri-urban clinics would be predicted to be resident within rural areas. Although overall estimates remained significantly different, presenting and standardising estimates by age and location (clinic for ANC-based estimates and individual-residence for population-based estimates) made some group-specific estimates from the two surveillance systems more predictive of one another.
It is likely that where ANC coverage and contraceptive use is widespread and fertility is low, population-based surveillance under-estimates HIV prevalence due to unrepresentative testing by age, residence and also probably by HIV status, and that ANC sentinel surveillance over-estimates prevalence due to selection bias in terms of age of sexual debut and contraceptive use. The results presented highlight the importance of accounting for unrepresentative testing, particularly by individual residence and age, through system design and statistical analyses.


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Learn more about 10K Yellow Gold 1/5 ct. Black and White Diamond Heart Earrings:
Manufacturer: Katarina
Mfg Part#: 10016702
Sku: 211439490
See more in Stud Earrings
|Lend any ensemble classic elegance with these black and white diamond heart earrings. The intricate design and shimmer of 10k yellow gold convey timeless sophistication. A traditional heart shaped earring with diamonds studded in 10k yellow gold is the most perfect piece of jewelry.


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See other Nice properties
Hostel Meyerbeer Beach
Real Reviews
Real reviews from fellow travellers
These are trusted reviews from guests who have actually stayed here. We hope you find them helpful.
Note: we only give a property a rating once it has received a minimum of 3 reviews.
- " This is my favourite hostel in Nice. Great location near beach and train station. I love the restaurant on the side street directly underneath - Maison Bleu. Nice staff - room was spacious and not cramped like the other hostels. Nice kitchen with breakfast. Highly recommended "
- 27 May 2015 Thomas Ireland
- " This hostel is located in a very good location.(50m from beach, very close from plantz and bus stop to airport) The price is also reasonable! Staffs are always supporting your travels. If you are an open mind person and ready to enjoy NICE, no need to consider. Just book it! "
- 09 May 2015 Anonymous South Korea
- " Very helpful person at front desk. Being above a grocery is a plus. Room above the street is noisy around 3 am (trash collection). One toilet/shower combination doesn't work with 8 people, most of whom are women. There is only one toilet/shower combination in reception. Lockers are very small (1 foot square or so) "
- 23 Apr 2015 Grace USA
- " Good hostel, nice staff. Great kitchen facilities. "
- 21 Apr 2015 Eryn Canada
- " The place is relatively small, but pretty cozy. Lovely common room to chill out after a full walking day. The room does provide enough space and I felt like VIP with the mini fridge in our room. "
- 08 Apr 2015 Thi Thanh Le Vietnam
- " The first thing that the hostel should try to improve on is providing lockers inside dorms. The current lockers are not functional or super easy to break. This is a big security concern. The hostel should try to expand the common area. The seating is a bit cramped for the size of the hostel. The common area always seems flooded with not enough space to sit. "
- 13 Mar 2015 Anonymous India
- " I loved the place and location. So close to the beach! Nice kitchen and common area. The staff was really nice and the girl from New Zealand was awesome! If you're reading this, look me up on facebook: Bobby Fazelii :) "
- 11 Jan 2015 Anonymous USA
- " This has been by far my favorite hostel. The staff was extremely helpful in every aspect. They gave excellent advice on places to visit and knew all the bus routes and prices. The common area was a great place to relax from traveling and meeting all the other travelers as well! The dorm rooms were clean and ours had a bathroom with a shower. The location is about 15 minute walk from old Nice, but that wasn't really a problem. We were mostly thankful that the hostel was right next to the beach. "
- 14 Nov 2014 natalie USA
- " Had great time staying here. Very friendly and helpful staff "
- 10 Nov 2014 jitender
- " This was the worse hostel I have ever stayed at. I stayed there last week and came home covered in bed bug bites. I sent them an email informing them of this and asking for a discount/ refund and they still have not responded. I then looked on travel advisor.com and discovered that other guests had experienced bed bug bites as well. They need to shut down the hostel for a while to address this problem. Furthermore, there were people coming in at all hours of the night shouting. "
- 24 Jul 2014 Anonymous Canada


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Overall, others give this:
Wellsville, NY
I've been using ******* Weed And Feed for years when I owned a third acre lot. I moved to a 2 1/2 acre property and decided I had to find a less expense way to fertilize. This Weed and Feed got great reviews and is much less expensive than *******. I bought, used it and I'm very pleased with the reults. It works as well as the other guy's. Highly recommended.
Good value for the money!
Colorado Springs, CO
Would purchase again.
Etowah, NC
Does at least as good of a job as Scotts weed and feed for less money. Fairly effective weed control and decent fertilizer combined into one product. I've used both brands and am pleased with the results using Kgro.
Taylorville, IL
This product is kmart brand and did just as good as the other expensive brand. We hadtrouble with clover taking over the yard but it got did of it.
Baldwinsville, NY
I remember my grandmother using K gro back in the 70's & 80's saying it got better results than the name brand ferts. Her yard was always the greenest & most weed free on her block.Well, when we got our own house we went and picked up some for our house.We spreaded it back in april & our yard looks like green velvet w/ NO WEEDS whatsoever. It's in now June as of this writing as the results are still the same...Our neighbors use the pro services and their lawns don't look nearly as nice(even they say so through gritted teeth...: ) I told them I just got the 39 lb bag(our yard is a 1/3 of an acre and it was perfect)...Spread according to the directions(they have specific settings for ALL of the spreaders out there this year..THANKS KMART!...makes spreading it a no brainer...Honestly this is one of those amazing products that makes you wonder why more people don't know/ use it.. Great consistant results w/ no fuss!The HIGHEST of recommendations!A++++++Kmart!
South Holland, IL
Works better than *******
South Park, PA
We had good coverage with this product.
International Falls, MN
We started using this product on our lawn a few years ago and our grass is plush and have very little problems with weeds and dandelions any more. We fertilize and aerate in the spring and are pleased with results.
Carlisle, PA
This product worked just as well as the pricey brand name stuff and we saved money
Springfield, IL
I was not completely satisfied with this product. I usually buy the ******* brand of weed and feed, but the price difference between ******* and the K-Gro brand was significant. The product did s good job killing the weeds in my yard, but it did not cover the 15,000 square feet it promised. I tried to stay within the application guidelines, but the granules were larger than what i was used to and the product was difficult to apply evenly. I ran out of product before I finished the whole lawn. There were places where too much spilled from my spreader and that caused the grass to die. My neighbor used the name brand and the difference between his lawn and mine is noticeable. Next time, I will stick to the more expensive product for optimal results.
Works good greened up well. It killed all the dandelions and most other weeds. I used Scotts one year and it didn't work any better that this and cost a lot more.
Venetia, PA
I love this product. It is easy to spread and I feel that my lawn looks great. It is reasonably priced and very comparable to scotts brand products. I would definitely buy this again.
Bellbrook, OH
I like it because my yard has lots and lots of Weeds,now I can grow grass,which I bought at KMart ,grass seeds is already growing.Do I have enough ? Thanks KMart.....PattyKey
The reviewer indicated they are affiliated with this product.
Billerica, MA
Spread it out one day before a scheduled rain storm and within a week I could see the results; the dried out spots of the lawn came in green, and I could see the uniform greenness of the lawn without weeds. Very impressed.
East Brunswick, NJ
Normally it would be ludicrous to evaluate weed and feed one week after purchasing it. It takes a few months. However I have bought Kgro weed and feed and other kgro lawn products in the past. This product is as effective as the brand name product and more economical, especially on sale (don't buy at regular price, either buy in advance of need when on sale or wait off a sale). The 15k bag (39 lbs.) is also more economical than the 5k bag if your lawn is big enough to require it.
Wapwallopen, PA
I tried this product for the first time this year and WOW..I have a beautiful lawn! It looks like a green carpet .My lawn has never been so thick and lush. And it took care of most of the weeds too. It's a great product and it goes to show that It doesn't have to cost alot or be a brand name to work. It is the best out there!!
New Cumberland, PA
This is the 1st time we bought K-Gro and was excited to use after saving a few dollars. Followed directions, set Spreader exactly and was hoping for a Greener, Plush lawn. Day after laying, caught a plane with family to Disney world, returned home a week later and half of my lawn was BROWN. Yes, Brown. We usually use ****** products with zero issues and will NEVER go elsewhere. Save yourself the pain and frustration and stay away from this product - that is unless you like Brown lawns. Thanks K-Gro... THUMBS DOWN!!!
Darien, IL
If you want the best lawn in the neighborhood this is the product to buy. I have been purchasing K Gro for years and I have the best lawn on the block. I learned about it when I took an extension course from the U of I attempting to correct and increase the beauty of my lawn. It is the best and most reasonable product on the market and I have tried them all. This product even beats the lawn services hands down. The only problem is that K Mart is out of it most of the time.


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Ekspress March Sales Rise Annual 11.8% on Newspaper Purchase
April 11 (Bloomberg) -- AS Ekspress Grupp, the only publicly traded Baltic media company, said sales increased 11.8 percent in March from a year earlier after the acquisition of a 50 percent stake in newspaper publisher Eesti Paeevalehe AS last month.
Sales growth, normalized at Ekspress Grupp's former 50 percent shareholding, was 6.8 percent, the Tallinn-based company said in a regulatory statement today. Sales on Internet portal Delfi Estonia rose by about 30 percent, it said.
To contact the reporter on this story: Ott Ummelas in Tallinn at firstname.lastname@example.com
To contact the editor responsible for this story: Balazs Penz at firstname.lastname@example.com


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Financial status has paid big dividends for county
In the annals of Henrico's rich history, what happened one day in 1998 certainly wouldn't register high on the excitement scale or the public-interest barometer.
But on that day, the financial status of the county entered rarified air, elevating Henrico to a perch occupied by fewer than 30 other localities in the nation and giving it financial flexibility that most envy. On that day, when Fitch IBCA gave Henrico a triple-A (AAA) bond rating – the highest possible long-term rating – the county also became even more attractive to potential corporations looking for a home.
The Fitch IBCA announcement made Henrico one of just a small number of counties in the nation to hold AAA ratings from each of the three major bond-rating agencies (Moody's Investor Service and Standard & Poors Corp. had previously awarded the county their 'AAA' ratings in 1977).
Joining that 'triple AAA' group, which today numbers 34, solidified Henrico as one of the best-managed counties in the nation, too, and signaled its strength to businesses.
"Ratings really are the ultimate report card for a local government," Henrico Finance Director John Vithoulkas said. "It's a key component to our economic development strategy, because the large, savvy corporate clients like to look at things like triple-A ratings."
The achievement ranks No. 19 on the Henrico Citizen's list of the 24 most significant moments in Henrico's 400-year history.
Most Henrico citizens also have benefitted from what happened on that day in 1998, though they may not realize it.
The reason: the stronger a locality's rating, the lower the interest rates it's able to acquire when it sells long-term bonds to finance the construction of roads, schools and other capital improvement projects. When Henrico sells bonds to fund projects here, its flawless standing means that its rates are among the lowest available to any jurisdiction in the nation.
"These ratings are the highest possible and represent the greatest level of confidence by institutional investors in the fiscal affairs of these governments," County Manager Virgil Hazelett said. "Having one of these very rare ratings results in annual savings in the millions for our residents."
The lower rates allow Henrico to keep its debt service payments low each year; the county is expected to have a debt of about $499.9 million as of June 30, and its debt service payments in the 2011-12 fiscal year will represent less than 7 percent of its general fund budget. And county officials have been able to refinance debt on several occasions to save even more money.
The difference between an AAA-rated bond and a AA+-rated bond (the next highest classification) could be as much as 25 basis points, or about 0.25 percent, Vithoulkas said.
"That's a huge difference when you're issuing millions in bonds," Vithoulkas said.
Savings in the millions
In recent years, through four bond sales alone, the county saved more than $18 million. One of those sales occurred one day after the state of Virginia (also a triple triple-A-rated entity) sold bonds itself. Henrico's sale came in nearly 15 basis points lower.
"It was one of those, 'Did that just happen?' moments," Vithoulkas recalled.
During the past several years, Henrico has been joined on the triple triple-A list by neighbors Chesterfield and Hanover counties – giving the metro Richmond region a nearly unmatched financial triumverate. When combined with Virginia's triple AAA status, Vithoulkas said, "It's no coincidence that Virginia is always No. 1 or No. 2 in the listings of best states for companies to locate."
Henrico's proposed 2011-12 fiscal year budget calls for the sale of $33.3 million in general obligation bonds from a bond referendum approved by county voters in 2005. Another referendum is anticipated in coming years to fund additional school and general government projects.
Each time the county seeks to sell bonds, agencies issue ratings. County officials must hold conference calls or meet in person with the rating agency officials who are evaluating their credit-worthiness. County officials also visit the rating agencies every few years in New York to undergo thorough reviews of Henrico's finances.
"It's a very stressful time," Vithoulkas said, "because you basically are going up there and saying, 'Take a look at what we've done financially and give us a grade.' You're going up there with the [county's] operating budget, capital budget, long term financial plans, an audit of the county – basically a number of documents that represent how the county has been managed."
Since 1998, those trips have resulted in continued confidence from each agency.
"These ratings are something we have worked very hard to obtain over many years," Hazelett said. "While there have been a significant number of municipal downgrades during this difficult economy, I am very proud to say that Henrico remains at the top echelon for local governments.
"These ratings are something that many corporate entities look at when deciding where to locate or expand their businesses. Coupled with our low tax rate environment, excellent services, and high quality of life, Henrico is an extremely attractive location within the continental United States."
Short Pump Rotary volunteers help with rebuild, repair
On June 13, the Short Pump Rotary Club partnered with Schnabel Engineering for a day of volunteer work with Rebuilding Together Richmond. Team members (among them [from left] Chris Rufe, Melissa Abraham, Rick Naschold, and Micky Ogburn) completed a variety of repairs and home improvements ranging from painting and landscaping to cabinet installation and fence building.
"It was a privilege to be involved in this project," said club president Melissa Abraham. "The homeowner kept thanking the volunteers, but I think all of us would agree we are the ones who actually benefited. It was an opportunity to help a community member, fellowship with great people and improve our handyman skills." > Read more.
'Proof of Heaven' coming to Glen Allen
Dr. Even Alexander, a New York Times best-selling author who has been featured on Oprah and Dr. Oz, was in town last week to promote his June 27 talk, "Proof of Heaven," at Glen Allen High School.
Alexander (pictured, at right, while Unity of Bon Air church member Harry Simmons interviews him) has written about what he considers to be his journey through the afterlife.
Tickets to this month's event are $25 and will support the new Bon Secours Hospice House being built later this year. > Read more.
A triumphant return
Pixar's 'Inside Out' is a magnificent, emotional ride
Explaining the nuts and bolts of Pixar's new, exciting, innovative Inside Out – really digging into the film's shape-and-color explanation of the human mind – would take up the entirety of this review. And probably three or four more (if movies had instruction manuals, Inside Out's would be the size and general poundage of a cinder block).
It's a complicated movie. So here's the gist, in as simply-put terms can be. > Read more.
Henrico Extension ready to help residents grow SMART Lawns
HCPS students add skills, lobby Congress for technical education
State Police to increase patrols for Fourth of July weekend
Local fifth-grader to perform at Carnegie Hall
Lakeside girl to compete at MLB All-Star Game event
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Print Edition
Jul. 2, 2015Click here to read the print edition.
A triumphant return
Weekend Top 10
Voltaggio to host three-course dinners at Family Meal July 21-22
Fan favorite shines in new West End home
Weekend Top 10
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Obituary – Ruby White
Obituary – Thomas Stewart Gammon
Obituaries – Frances Inthavong
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Short Pump Rotary volunteers help with rebuild, repair
'Proof of Heaven' coming to Glen Allen
Innsbrook Rotary celebrates 25 years
- More Community
My daughters' other dads
All hail to mothers and the hardest job of all
Cabin fever cures - and blessings
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Athlete of the Week – July 3: Kayla Sell
Athlete of the Week – June 19: Sydney Whitaker
Steward School's Enright drafted by NY Mets
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ClassifiedsGET FREE OF CREDIT CARD DEBT NOW! Cut payments by up to half. Stop creditors from calling. 877-467-4560
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CalendarInnsbrook After Hours will present Sublime with Rome with special guests Rebelution and Mickey Avalon at 5:30 p.m. Gates open at 5 p.m. Tickets are $15 to $99. All proceeds… Full text


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Once again the high school summer basketball league at the Starkville Sportsplex served the purpose for which it was intended.
By STEVEN NALLEY
John Albritton still lives with the injury he suffered in service to America.
By COLLEEN MCCARTHY
Two Starkville men are on a mission to make sure the veterans of Okttibeha County's past will be remembered for generations to come.
Staff and
wire reports
VICKSBURG — Mississippi State University students took four of the top five honors in the Miss Mississippi Pageant Saturday night.
A group of Starkville Academy seniors took the trip of a lifetime in May, soaking up the history and culture of Rome for a week after graduation.
For Starkville Daily News
In announcing his candidacy for the office of Oktibbeha County Circuit Clerk Dave Holley said,
By JOEL COLEMAN
At this juncture, it's anyone's guess how the 2011 high school football season will play out.
By MATTHEW STEVENS
Mississippi State sophomore linebacker Deontae Skinner has been charged with domestic assault in a June 5 incident.