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It's a good idea to take a calculator when going to watch an East Mississippi Community College football game.
Sometimes that's the only way to keep track of all the scoring.
The things that the Lions are doing on the football field, both offensively and defensively, this season are nothing short of incredible.
Points are coming for EMCC and are coming in large numbers.
Coach Rick Ray's second season at Mississippi State will be very different than his first.
The Bulldogs suffered several injuries and saw an average of seven players available for most games.
Many of those players were young and inexperienced, but this season those guys have a year of play under their belt.
MSU starts practice Monday and Ray is anxious to see how his guys will play.
Most people travel to the Mississippi Gulf Coast for sun, seafood and relaxation.
For Starkville resident Marie Callahan, the trip to Biloxi on Sept. 13-15, was for a much different reason.
Callahan, along with over 30 other competitors, convened on the coastal city to take part in the 2013 Mississippi Skeet Championships, which were held at the Gulf Coast Rifle and Pistol Club.
COLUMBUS – The Starkville Yellowjackets gained all the momentum at the end of first half.
The Yellowjackets rode that momentum as they outscored Class 6A, Region 2 Columbus 28-6 in the second half on the way to a 35-13 victory Friday night at Falcon Field.
It has often been said that defense wins games.
That was certainly the case for Starkville Academy on Friday night, as the Volunteers held off the visiting Winston Academy Patriots 14-0.
Penalties proved to be a big factor early for SA, as a total of five offensive penalties in the first quarter resulted in two scoreless possessions.
ACKERMAN – Jamarcus Bradley was the story of the game for the Choctaw County Chargers.
As the team defeated Caledonia 49-42, Bradley had 375 yards and four touchdowns on 30 carries.
"He played his best game of the year (Friday night)," Choctaw County coach Adam Dillinger said. "When you can put up that many yards as athletic as he is, you always have a chance. He just did a great job."
FRENCH CAMP – There is no substitute for actual game action to get a team ready to compete.
No one knows this more than the West Oktibbeha Timberwolves, who are still trying to find their identity after getting a bit of a delayed start to the season.
On Friday night, the team got another bit of experience as it faced off with French Camp Academy, which won 49-6.
James "Cubby" Harris values his days as a Hall of Fame defensive back at East Mississippi Community College.
The junior college experience in Scooba made an impression on Harris and helped him return to his hometown of Starkville to make a difference.
He coached in the youth leagues in Starkville for 20-plus years and tried to be a positive influence on children of the community.
The Starkville Yellowjackets are ready to return to the table of competition and feast.
After going through an open date last week, the Jackets are anxious to get back on the football field. They get to do that today with a road trip to Columbus with the Falcons waiting to open Class 6A, Region 2 action. Kickoff is set for 7 p.m.
Football season has reached the midway point.
As Starkville Academy coach Jeff Terrill looks back to where his team has been, he is pleased with the way the team has competed, but as the Volunteers move forward, he knows there is always room for improvement.


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COEHS Faculty and Staff
Our talented faculty and staff are ready to help you fulfill your dreams.
Among us, we are award-winners, we are motivators and we are researchers. But above all, we are teachers, and we want nothing more than to guide you down your chosen path.
Click on the appropriate link below to locate the office, phone number, and/or email of the faculty or staff you want to contact.

subset: commoncrawl


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Winter!: Prepare for holiday gaming!
Single Player is decent, but Co-Op is where this game REALLY shines. The Co-Op is an excellent play on the original Syndicate, in which you controlled 4 agents to achieve world domination for your company. I suggest getting this game for the co-op alone.
Game Traits applied to Syndicate (X360) by BurntToShreds
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The Man in the Woods
By Shirley Jackson
Wearily, moving his feet because he had nothing else to do, Christopher went on down the road, hating the trees that moved slowly against his progress, hating the dust beneath his feet, hating the sky, hating this road, all roads, everywhere. He had been walking since morning, and all day the day before that, and the day before that, and days before that, back into the numberless line of walking days that dissolved, seemingly years ago, into the place he had left, once, before he started walking. This morning he had been walking past fields, and now he was walking past trees that mounted heavily to the road, and leaned across, bending their great old bodies toward him; Christopher had come into the forest at a crossroads, turning onto the forest road as though he had a choice, looking back once to see the other road, the one he had not chosen, going peacefully on through fields, in and out of towns, perhaps even coming to an end somewhere beyond Christopher's sight.


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1873 $10
1999 F.U.N. Signature Sale #195
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Key Date 1873 Ten Dollar, Total Business Strike And Proof Mintage: 825 Pieces1873 PR 62 Cameo NGC. Ex: Trompeter. The 1873 ten dollar is one of the premier dates in the series and one that is widely recognized by non-specialists, mostly because of its low total business strike and proof mintage of 825 pieces. Very few examples are known today of either, with perhaps 12-15 business strikes extant and a possible 7-8 proofs out of the original production run of only 25 pieces. The significance, of course, being that most big name gold collections over the past century have either elected to include a proof because of its availability in high grade (and the business strike's unavailability), or because of the relative rarity of business strikes vs. proofs.
The surfaces of this piece are obviously hairlined, a feature which solely accounts for the grade. Other distinguishing marks are a contact mark above star 3 and a slight abrasion along the lower jawline of Liberty. To appreciate the rarity of this date in the marketplace, in his quest for excellence it was routine practice for Ed Trompeter to upgrade coins in his collection. This PR 62 was the finest offered to him in his long career of collecting and represents one of the finer pieces available to collectors still. Population: 1 in 62, only 5 finer (11/98).
Ex: Kagin's 325 (9/81), lot 2067. (NGC ID# 28FB, PCGS# 8813)
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I should have gone to CU-Boulder
Who am I kidding? It's not like they'd have me. (Can't remember if I had even applied to that school. Let's assume I did & Continue reading
Who am I kidding? It's not like they'd have me. (Can't remember if I had even applied to that school. Let's assume I did & Continue reading
Merry Christmas, or whatever you are celebrating today. All the best from all of us. by
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When I meet people from the DC family out on the trail, the one question I get the most is "How do you know Big Jonny and how did Continue reading
came across this tidbit whilst surfing… from the WADA website – paragraph 8 of the "code" SUBSTANCES PROHIBITED IN PARTICULAR SPORTS P1. ALCOHOL Alcohol (ethanol) Continue reading
just gotta say..it's quite a thing, this team that is growing… it is humbling….. from getting resumes from pro riders from all over the world Continue reading
From: el jefe Subject: I didn't know hipsters needed area rugs for their lofts… So, when you own a home, you get on all sorts Continue reading
This vid is getting knocked around the interwebs. Not sure what I think of all of the issue presented yet. Well, not in the sense Continue reading
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I ran into the Gnome tonight whilst watching some old man softball here in Flagtard, AZ and he gave me some (lighthearted) shit about not Continue reading
About 5 months ago, I told the City of Mt. Vernon and the Mayor, Bud Norris, in a very professional, well written letter, that the Continue reading
Shit. Hell. The discussion of reducing our reliance upon foreign oil and the demand for renewable and sustainable energy sources has been a hotly contested Continue reading


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Charles R. Hale, Director SRH 1.310, 2300 Red River Street D0800, Austin, TX 78712 • 512.471.5551
Lecture: ''Nuyorican Aesthetic''
Wed, January 24, 2007 • 12:00 PM - 1:00 PM • Sinclair Suite, UNB 3.128
Juan Sánchez, Hunter College-CUNY, is a renowned Nuyorican artist and printmaker whose work explores and re-affirms the identity of Puerto Ricans. Part of the Center for Mexican American Studies Platica series.
For more info., call 512.471.4557.


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- Road Race
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Rotors are a crucial component of your braking system, and having worn out or warped rotors has a major impact on stopping power. So if it's time to slap some new rotors on your bike, check out this one from Hayes. Not only is the Lightweight Rotor very... lightweight, it is also an official Hayes replacement part, which means it is compatible with Hayes and most other disc brake calipers.
These things are the best rotors I've ever used for under $50.
Picked these up to replace some very oversized rotors that came OEM on my bike. I ordered the 160mm size and have been very impressed. The rotors ride great in dry, wet, or muddy and make very little noise. I haven't rode them super hard, but I haven't had any fade concerns either. I am running them with Shimano calipers have had no issues with the different brands working together. Great caliper to save a bit of weight and they look nice too.
Bought a pair to comp a bit of the wieght gain for stroker ace braksets and they work awesome. No differences as for braking than a standard rotor so dont shy away buy up. Price Point prices even make it a better deal.
These rotors are really nice for the money. They work well with my Prime Pro and Expert brakes. I will buy them again when the time comes. Great purchase.
So I got these to replace my regular rotors because I needed to get new pads anyways so I went with some lighter ones. They do feel lighter than the originals but you won't notice it when you ride and they dont effect the braking at all so it's all good.


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Newmarket, 19th March 2012: COMPUTERLINKS UK, the next generation distributor of IT security and Internet technology solutions, today announced an exclusive agreement in the UK and Ireland with smartphone security company, Mobile Active Defense (M@D). The agreement means that M@D's Mobile Enterprise Compliance and Security Server (MECS), the solution that secures the mobile enterprise to the most stringent compliance and security standards, is now available for channel partners to deliver as part of their mobile security offerings.
Financial services firm JP Morgan Global expects over 650 million smartphones to be sold in 2012 alone and research from analyst house Ovum predicts that by 2016 there will be more than 235 million tablets in circulation. With this level of explosive growth of mobile devices and the increasing trend towards BYOD, organisations of all sizes need to take steps to secure and manage these assets effectively.
M@D's MECS is a comprehensive security management solution that locks down and secures all enterprise mobile devices, while at the same time ensuring regulatory compliance. In a matter of hours every mobile device across an enterprise can be secured through one simple procedure.
"Having thoroughly researched the mobile device management (MDM) and protection market, we found that M@D's focus on security really set them apart from other players," said David Ellis, director of new technology and services at COMPUTERLINKS. "We were also very impressed with their true channel-centric approach. It's clear that this is a very hot area and one that we know our partners are looking to address for their customers. We are very excited by this new relationship."
The agreement forms a key part of COMPUTERLINKS'
Virtual appliances, performance management, server protection and recovery, WAN optimisation, desktop management, storage, security and compliance are all components of the evolving next generation datacentre, which is bringing new opportunities for margin-rich services and technology-based revenues to the channel.
• The MECS Server extends existing enterprise and network security policies across mobile platforms with complete encryption, geolocation and granular firewall controls and a suite of anti-virus, malware, content filtering and device management tools.
• MECS also provides complete and configurable auditing and reporting for compliance purposes. Should a device be lost or stolen, MECS can also remotely wipe all of its data.
• Importantly for the end user, MECS does not interfere with the user interface and causes no noticeable latency since it uses no memory, storage space (other than a small app and help videos), CPU resources nor bandwidth.
Spencer Cobb, M@D co-founder and CEO commented, "M@D is delighted to be partnering with COMPUTERLINKS. Their team of security experts will bring M@D's innovative mobile security solutions to their network of security-focused reseller partners to solve business critical and BYOD issues facing their customers today."
Austin Wright, M@D's Director of Business Development, EMEA added, "Customers are now demanding enterprise-class security for their smartphones, iPads and tablet devices when connecting to the corporate network. M@D's unique smart device security platform combined with COMPUTERLINKS'
About COMPUTERLINKS
COMPUTERLINKS is the next generation distributor of IT security, network performance and Internet technology, providing UK and Irish channel partners with reliable, supported solutions from world-leading hardware and software manufacturers and service providers. COMPUTERLINKS concentrates on dynamic technologies such as cloud computing, virtualisation, and the growing area of IP Physical Security. It provides a comprehensive and complementary product portfolio, backed by an extensive range of knowledge-based professional and managed services, to ensure its channel partners deliver the right solutions to their customers. COMPUTERLINKS is 100 per cent committed to the two-tier channel and delivers profitable growth to its partners and competitive advantage to their customers by providing a full-service package of technical, sales and marketing support, practical training and efficient logistics. The company currently has over 600 employees operating across 19 countries worldwide. For more information, visit www.computerlinks.co.uk
About Mobile Active Defense
Mobile Active Defense is made by Mobile Application Development Partners, a software development company headquartered in Atlanta, GA with offices in Mainz, Germany and London, England. M.A. D. Partners, LLC has over 100 years combined experience in security hardware and software product design and development, marketing, sales and support. M.A.D. Partners' mission is to create innovative, high quality and easy to use security solutions for smartphones, pads and tablets. For more information, please visit http://www.mobileactivedefense.com
Global Analyst Group Frost & Sullivan awarded Mobile Active Defense the prestigious 2011 New Product Innovation of the Year Award in the field of Mobile Enterprise Protection for the development of the Mobile Enterprise Compliance and Security Server (MECS).
In July 2011 SC Magazine awarded the M.A.D. Mobile Enterprise Compliance Security Server Solution (MECS) their 'Best Buy' and gave it their highest 5 Star rating for "Full mobile device control with many excellent features."
For further information about this news please contact:
Joanne Smith
Goode Communications
+44 (0) 1491 873 323
Peter McEvoy
+44 (0) 1638 569 600


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Press release from Marketwire
Helix BioPharma Corp. Announces Selection of CEO; Plans to Voluntarily Delist From NYSE MKT
Monday, June 25, 2012
Helix BioPharma Corp. Announces Selection of CEO; Plans to Voluntarily Delist From NYSE MKT19:10 EDT Monday, June 25, 2012AURORA, ON--(Marketwire - June 25, 2012) - Helix BioPharma Corp. (TSX: HBP) (NYSE MKT: HBP) (FRANKFURT: HBP), a biopharmaceutical company developing drug candidates for the prevention and treatment of cancer, today announced that its Board of Directors has approved the selection of Robert Verhagen as Chief Executive Officer. Mr Verhagen is currently a Director for Helix, he is a graduate of the University of Alberta with a Bsc and MBA and has extensive experience in the bio-tech industry. "I am pleased with the selection of Rob from our CEO search. Rob has already contributed significantly to Helix as a Director," said William White, Chairman and Interim CEO of Helix. "I look forward to his leadership of the company taking us forward.""I have worked with Rob now as a Director and I have been impressed with his knowledge and experience in the industry and his work on the Board to focus Helix on our critical programs," said Marek Orlowski, Director, "I look forward to his leadership of the company to deliver results."Mr. Verhagen is pleased with the opportunity to make Helix all it can be and said, "As a Board Member, I have seen the great potential of Helix and its programs. As CEO, I look forward to taking the responsibility in converting this potential into real value for all shareholders."Helix also announced that the Board of Directors has approved the voluntarily delisting of Helix's common shares from the NYSE MKT and the voluntarily deregistration of its common shares under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), after which the company will cease filing reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC").Helix's common shares will continue to trade on the Toronto Stock Exchange ("TSX") under the ticker symbol HBP and the company will continue to file the necessary reports with Canadian Securities Administrators at www.sedar.com, in addition to publishing financial and other material information on the company's website at www.helixbiopharma.com."After reviewing the relevant factors associated with the company's continued listing on the NYSE MKT, it was determined that Helix and its shareholders would be better served by its original TSX listing," said William White, Chairman.The factors reviewed by the Board of Directors' primarily include:- the high cost of preparing and filing periodic reports with the SEC,- the added accounting, audit, legal and other costs and expenses associated with being a U.S. public company,- the additional demands placed on management and company personnel to comply with applicable reporting requirements,- Helix's low U.S. trading volume,- the potential impact of delisting and deregistration on Helix's shareholders resident in the United States, and- the fact that Helix will continue to be listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange and that financial and other material information will continue to be available on the company's website and on www.sedar.com.
Helix has provided written notice to NYSE MKT today of its intent to delist and plans to file a Form 25 with the SEC on or about July 9, 2012 to initiate the voluntary delisting. The company expects that the delisting will be effective ten days after such filing, which is expected to be on or about July 19, 2012. The company intends to also file a Form 15F with the SEC to deregister and terminate its reporting obligations under the Exchange Act after the delisting has become effective. The company's reporting obligations under the Exchange Act will be suspended immediately upon filing Form 15F and will terminate 90 days thereafter if there are no objections from the SEC.Helix reported that its Board of Directors met in Poland last week after meeting with investors and touring academic and research institutions to learn of opportunities for future collaboration. "It was very productive for the board to meet in Warsaw to see first-hand the commitment of investors and the resources in Poland that could assist Helix," said Mr. White.Helix also reported that its Board of Directors received and reviewed the formal due diligence report from FK Partner which provided a baseline report on the financial position and operations of Helix for the benefit of the reconstituted Board. Mr. White said, "Management provided full cooperation and assistance to FK Partner and both management and the Board found the FK Partner report helpful." The FK Partner summary report and managements actions in response to the report have been posted on SEDAR.About Helix BioPharma Corp.Helix BioPharma Corp. is a biopharmaceutical company specializing in the field of cancer therapy. The company is actively developing innovative products for the prevention and treatment of cancer based on its proprietary technologies. Helix's product development initiatives include its novel L-DOS47 new drug candidate and its Topical Interferon Alpha- 2b. Helix is currently listed on the TSX, NYSE MKT and FSE under the symbol "HBP".Forward-Looking Statements and Risks and UncertaintiesThis news release contains certain forward-looking statements and information (collectively, "forward-looking statements") within the meaning of applicable Canadian and U.S. securities laws, including, without limitation, forward-looking statements regarding Helix's intention to voluntarily delist from the NYSE MKT and to voluntarily deregister its common shares under applicable U.S. securities laws and the timing of such delisting and deregistration. Forward-looking statements, which may be identified by words including, without limitation, "intends," "will," "expects" and other similar expressions, are intended to provide information about management's current plans and expectations regarding future operations.Although Helix believes that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are reasonable, such statements involve risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results or events to differ materially from those anticipated and no assurance can be given that these expectations will be realized, and undue reliance should not be placed on such statements. Risk factors that could cause actual results or events to differ materially from the forward-looking statements include, without limitation: (i) the risk that the voluntary delisting and deregistration may not occur on the timeline anticipated by Helix, or that the NYSE MKT or the SEC may raise objections and those risk factors identified in the Helix's Annual Report on Form 20-F, including under the headings "Forward-Looking Statements" and "3.D Risk Factors," filed with the SEC at www.sec.gov and with the Canadian Securities Administrators at www.sedar.com (together, the "Helix Risk Factors"). Certain material factors or assumptions are applied in making the forward-looking statements, including, without limitation, that the Helix Risk Factors will not cause Helix's actual results or events to differ materially from the forward-looking statements.Forward-looking statements and information are based on the beliefs, assumptions and expectations of Helix's management on the date of this news release, and Helix does not assume any obligation to update any forward-looking statement or information should those beliefs, assumptions or expectations, or other circumstances change, except as required by law.FOR FURTHER INFORMATION PLEASE CONTACT: Helix BioPharma Corp.Investor Relations:Tel: 905 841-2300Email: email@example.com


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Results 1 to 11 of 11
February 16th, 2013 #1
Looking for Critique, especially on color and value
Hi everyone,
This is the first time I've posted in this section, but I am working on this illustration of a girl and dragon, and would greatly appreciate any constructive feedback. I'm still in the early stages, and it's never too late to change something. If anyone could, I could really use some help with the color and value of this piece, to give it a strong mood and atmosphere. Critiques on the composition and anything else are more then welcome too though! I've shown my color comp and sketches I'm working from.
Thank you.
Last edited by KDillon; February 18th, 2013 at 01:56 AM.
Hide this ad by registering as a memberFebruary 16th, 2013 #2
I have a problem with the dragon position : I think you intended to use the shapes of the dragon to create a strong movement leading to the girl ? It is supposed to be a loop arround the girl, but the part on top makes a different bend that breaks it.
I think it's sad we partially lost a part of him at the bottom AND the top in the same time. It looks like the cropped aera make you break the shape on the top. Maybe you should extend it a little more to show all the dragon movement ?
* My current blog
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Have a good and creative day !
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February 17th, 2013 #3
I agree that the composition is a tad cramped - not only is the dragon cut off by the top and bottom border, but you also have two large dark trees in the foreground, one of which is cutting the dragon off again and the other is claustrophobically close. Open it up and let them breathe a little. I like the dragon's shape though; it's creating a spiral that runs into and through the girl and is completed by the leg just to her left, and the end of the tail produces a figure-eight attachment that leads us back down into the bottom of the image. But the left and right wings of the image are just empty space, dead weight pulling the movement of your image down.
For the values, I highly recommend going greyscale and doing a series of small thumbnails where you can experiment with different lighting schemes. Draw out the planes of the forms if that's helpful (or even simpler geometric shapes - cubes and cylinders, etc). Right now it's a little inconsistent with the girl being lit from the right, but the two horizontal sections of the dragon seem to be lit from the center. (The bottom section is lit on the top plane and the top section is lit on the bottom plane. There would be some reflected light on those planes, but not as brightly as you have them currently lit.) You could also make a simple model out of clay or paper or something and light it with a flashlight to find a more interesting angle for your main light source.
And one last thing.. This might just be me, but I find the position of that back arm a bit awkward. I can't put my finger on why exactly. Have you tried the pose out yourself?
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February 17th, 2013 #4
Zoom out, give your elements a bit more air. Why do you need those two big dark pillars (almost) symmetrically framing the image?
As for value and color, what/where are your light sources? Answering that is the first step to solving your problems.
Tristan Elwell
**Finished Work Thread **Process Thread **Edges Tutorial
Crash Course for Artists, Illustrators, and Cartoonists, NYC, the 2013 Edition!
"Work is more fun than fun."
-John Cale
"Art is supposed to punch you in the brain, and it's supposed to stay punched."
-Marc Maron
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February 18th, 2013 #5
Thank you so much for all of your feedback. I think you're all right about the composition and structure, and lighting as well. I've tried to address these issues by creating a small maquette in clay and trying out different lighting and camera angles. These are a few out of tons of pictures I shot while trying to find good lighting, but they are the ones that seemed to work the best so far. If any of these are working, I'll use this to re-work my composition and lighting structure. This really helps me see how light really wraps around the form! Thank you for the suggestions.
And one last thing.. This might just be me, but I find the position of that back arm a bit awkward. I can't put my finger on why exactly. Have you tried the pose out yourself?
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February 18th, 2013 #6
Those Clays are really informative. I am confused by your setting, is it in a cave? or maybe a canyon? The starkly lit ones at the bottom and right look ideal. The other reason I like these clay arrangements would be that I don't particularly think she needs to touch the dragon head to show a link. It gives you more freedom to have her touching the lower part of the dragons body allowing the head to do what you prefer, (maybe even breathe fire!) Wings seem a bit unnecessary. they will fill up your page and cramp it.
Deviantart: "finished" work
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February 18th, 2013 #7
A little more progress (hopefully), looking at my clay model and lighting again, here's a new value comp.
February 18th, 2013 #8
Love the maquette - just out of curiosity, what material did you use exactly? The variety of lighting is nice, but I'm kinda surprised you don't have any shots where the dragon's head is turned towards us, as it is in your original image. This might just be me, but I think that element was important for your composition and tying the two figures together. It suggested a kind of intimacy that I personally found very nice, and it lead the viewer's eye down to the girl in a very smooth, consistent arc. Also, you're still cutting the dragon off on the top. I would suggest pulling the image down so you're cutting the bottom of the dragon off a little more and giving the top section more space.
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February 18th, 2013 #9
great work on the maquette. i think the lighting regime in 12 is very good. nice rimight and bounce light. i see you moved on with that one, i agree with that decision.
maybe try using that regime again and taking more shots, and rotating the model too.
alternatively get one of the free 3d programs and use it to make similar maquettes, this is a really useful technique allowing you to quickly model and then explore the space of your image. the models dont need to be toystory 3, sausages blocks and blobs work just fine.
sb most art copied to page 1
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February 18th, 2013 #10
Thank you for your critique again, I really appreciate the comments.
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February 19th, 2013 #11
Something else you need to keep in mind as you experiment with your values and composition is - what are your focal points, what is their order of importance, and how are you emphasizing those points in the image? The girl and the dragon's head (respectively) are the obvious answers to the first two questions, but I'm not sure about the third. In your original wip, you have four different lines pointing in towards the girl (the dragon's leg, head, tail, and the crystal shards in the bottom left), which make her importance to the image very clear. But she lacked the high contrast of the dragon's body, which made her fade in importance. With the help of the maquette, you've improved the lighting, but you're gradually losing the lines and shapes that emphasized her and made your image visually interesting.
It's common to place your focuses opposite each other (often on a diagonal, or in a triangle if there are three, etc) compositionally to encourage movement throughout the piece and add a sense of balance. Your image is a bit different because you have the two focuses so close together that they almost become one, and you don't really have anything on the other side of the piece to balance that. In your first wip, the left side of the dragon's body stands in as a second focal point because it's large, close to us, brightly lit, and decorated with some interesting texture, but you lost that in your later versions. I kinda like the idea of giving the dragon something else there to draw the eye, like a wing (though I don't think the wing works very well in your reference photos, partially because the paper cut-out doesn't really demonstrate the structure of a wing), or maybe a decorative item, like a sash (just throwing out ideas here). The crystal shards in your original wip also helped.
Also consider the shapes the dragon's body is making in the composition. Yes it's largely oval, but having that oval tilted or lop-sided can make that shape much more interesting and dynamic. You also have some versions of the composition (I'm counting drawings and photographs here) where the dragon's body varies in thickness which suggests depth and increases dynamism, something else you've lost in your most recent version. And lastly, keep an eye on your negative space. Having lots of negative space isn't necessarily a bad thing, but what kind of shapes it's making and how it's balanced in the image can be a clue as to whether your composition is visually stimulating.
tld;dr - Your initial image had nice movement, dynamic shapes, and it emphasized your subject well, but it had inconsistent lighting, claustrophobic cropping and static negative space. You've improved the lighting and given the subjects room to breathe but accidentally centered and stabilized your shapes while de-emphasizing your main focus, the girl.
Last edited by dierat; February 19th, 2013 at 12:44 PM.
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text:
IMHO, the central point of the zone system is that it teaches the photographer to visualize
the final print when he takes the photograph. I don't see it as much more than - I want this
to still have substantial texture, thus it shouldn't be less than zone III/more than zone VIII, etc.
With MF and 35mm you still have the chance for instance to pull in development to reduce contrast,
if you calculate with that while shooting.


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2,500-acre fire said nearly contained
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More than 3,000 people were evacuated from campsites at a state off-road recreation area between Los Padres and Angeles national forests, officials said. At least eight homes were evacuated as a precaution for the 4-square-mile blaze.
Brown said residents have been allowed to return home, but didn't have details on whether campers could come back.
The Ventura County Fire Department dispatched 16 people and five fire engines to help fight the blaze, said Dan Opbroek, spokesman for the department. They were sent from stations throughout the county at 7 p.m. Saturday and were still at the fire late Sunday afternoon, he said.
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9.3x66 Sako
Z-Hat is custom chambering for the 370 Sako (9.3x66 Sako). We made a point of collecting the CIP drawings for this cartridge, so our chamber will work with the factory ammo.
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text:
A method and apparatus are provided for controlling the temperature of a surface to preheat or precool the surface, to heat or cool the surface to effect a therapeutic treatment or to post-heat or post-cool the surface. A roller, preferably mounted to a handle, is provided which contains a material which is heated or cooled prior to treatment as appropriate so as to undergo a phase change and is then rolled over the surface the temperature of which is to be controlled, gradually undergoing a phase change to return to its initial state as it is rolled over the surface to effect the desired heating or cooling of the surface. The roller preferably has a large internal surface area in contact with the material undergoing the phase change.
1. A device for cooling a surface including:
a roller formed of a material having good heat transfer properties, said roller having an external surface and a plurality of internal channels formed therethrough, each of said channels having internal walls adapted to be in contact with a medium undergoing a heat absorbing phase change; and
a handle which, when connected to the roller, facilitates the rolling of the roller over the surface to be cooled.
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15. A device for controlling the temperature of a surface including:
a roller formed of a material having good heat transfer properties, said roller having an external surface and a plurality of channels extending therethrough, each of said channels having internal walls adapted to be in contact with a heat transfer medium which undergoes a phase change at a temperature close to the temperature at which the surface is to be controlled, which phase change results in one of the generation of heat if the temperature of the surface is to be raised and the absorption of heat if the temperature of the surface is to be lowered; and
a handle which, when connected to the roller, facilitates the rolling of the roller over the surface the temperature of which is to be controlled.
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27. A method for controlling the temperature of a patient's skin including:
providing a roller having a material contained therein and in contact with internal walls of a plurality of channels formed in the roller, which material is in a state which causes the roller to be at a temperature close to the temperature to which the patient's skin is to be controlled; and
rolling the roller over a surface of the patient's skin at a rate so as to bring the skin surface to the controlled temperature, the material selectively undergoing a state change as the roller is being rolled over the skin surface.
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32. A roller adapted for use in a device for controlling a surface's temperature, the roller having an external surface and a plurality of internal channels, each said channel being sealed to seal therein a heat transfer medium which undergoes a phase change at a temperature close to the temperature at which the surface is to be controlled and having walls adapted to be in contact with said heat transfer medium.
This invention relates to methods and apparatus for selectively controlling the temperature of a surface, and more particularly to a roller adapted to cool or heat a surface as it is rolled thereover and to methods for the utilization of such roller.
There are numerous applications, both in medically related fields, and in industry where a need exists to cool or heat a surface, for example a patient's skin, to a selected temperature either to achieve a desired therapeutic or other result, to precool the surface prior to the performance of some other procedure which normally causes heating of the surface, the precooling reducing pain and raising the damage threshold of the surface during such procedure, or to preheat the surface prior to the performance of another procedure to facilitate the performance of such procedure. For example, in the medical area, cooling of the surface of the patient's skin may be desirable in the early treatment of mild burns, to at least partially numb the skin to reduce pain or itching or for some other purpose. Rapid cooling of a surface may also be desirable in certain industrial applications.
However, the cooling of a surface is most useful in medical or industrial applications where a treatment to be applied either to or preferably through such surface results in the heating thereof. Precooling the skin surface in such applications can reduce pain and raise the damage threshold for the skin. For example, where a laser or other optical radiation source is applied to a patient's skin to perform dermatology procedures such as hair removal, treatment of vascular or pigmented lesions, skin rejuvenation and the like, it is desirable that at least the epidermis of the patient's skin be precooled to a temperature below normal body temperature, approximately 37� C., to reduce patient pain and discomfort and to protect the epidermis from thermal damage. Depending on the procedure performed, such precooling may be adequate to protect the patient's skin without requiring additional cooling during the performance of the procedure. In any event, such precooling will enhance the effectiveness of cooling provided during the performance of the procedure and/or reduce the thermal load imposed on any cooling mechanism operable during the performance of the procedure. There are also applications where post-cooling of a surface (ie, cooling of a surface after treatment) may be desirable to, for example, reduce pain, reduce thermal damage and/or reduce swelling.
Numerous procedures have been employed in the past for cooling or precooling the surface of a patient's skin or other surface, for example putting an ice cube, ice pack or the like in contact with such surface, spraying such surface with a cryogen fluid or placing a device cooled thermoelectrically or by a flowing fluid in contact with the surface to be cooled. However, ice cubes are messy and may result in a water barrier between the solid ice and the skin which impedes cooling. Ice bags generally do not cool uniformly, have limited cooling capacity and thaw relatively quickly. Further, as the ice thaws, ice is less likely to be in contact with the portion of the ice bag in contact with the person's skin, thereby significantly reducing the effectiveness of the ice bag as a cooling medium. Cryogen in contact with the patient's skin may result in the skin being cooled below the desired temperature and this form of cooling is not easy to control. The other forms of contact cooling are generally more complex and expensive, both to purchase and to use, and are therefore not ideal for many applications; in particular, they generally are not suitable for quickly covering a large surface area.
Similarly, heating of a surface is frequently utilized to perform a selected therapeutic function, such as for relief of muscle aches or to relax collagen coils to permit reconfiguration of skin features such as wrinkles. Preheating of skin or another surface may be utilized to facilitate a heat treatment procedure to be subsequently performed by a radiation or other heating source, for example permitting a lower power source to be used for such function or permitting greater control in the performance of such function.
Heating or cooling may also be used in conjunction with massage to treat muscle, joint and other problems.
A need therefore exists for an improved mechanism for quickly cooling, precooling, heating, preheating, post-cooling or post-heating a surface, in particular the surface of a patient's skin, over a relatively large area to a substantially uniform and relatively controlled temperature, which mechanism is both easy to use and relatively inexpensive. In some applications, particularly where the surface is a patient's skin, it may also be desirable to apply pressure to the skin in conjunction with the temperature control function so as to temporarily remove blood from the treatment area, thereby reducing the moderating effect of profusion on the desired temperature change. Pressure may also perform a massage function which may be desirable in certain applications, particularly for the treatment of sore muscles or other aches and pains. Further, there is frequently a need to spread a thin layer of an impedance matching liquid or of some other substance over the patient's skin or other surface prior to treatment. It would be desirable if the same mechanism used to cool or heat the patient's skin could also be utilized to facilitate the uniform spreading of a thin layer of such substance over the surface.
In accordance with the above, this invention provides, in accordance with one aspect thereof, a device for cooling or otherwise controlling the temperature of a surface, which device includes a roller formed of a material having good heat transfer properties, for example a metal such as copper or aluminum, the roller having an external surface, which may be cylindrical, may have a plurality of faces, for example flat faces, or may have some other shape; and at least one internal surface adapted to be in contact with a medium undergoing a phase change at a temperature close to the temperature at which the surface is to be controlled. The phase change may either result in the generation of heat if the temperature of the surface is to be raised or the absorption of heat if the temperature of the surface is to be lowered. The device also includes a handle which, when connected to the roller, facilitates the rolling of the roller over the surface to be cooled. For preferred embodiments, the heat absorbing phase change is from solid to liquid, the medium for preferred embodiments being at least primarily water. The heat generating phase change may be from liquid to solid. For such embodiments, the roller may have a plurality of channels extending therethrough, the at least one internal surface being the walls of such channels. For preferred embodiments, there is a substantial number of such channels, each of which extend substantially parallel to the axis of the roller.
For alternative embodiments, the roller has a single channel formed therethrough, which channel is substantially parallel to the axis of the roller, and a mechanism is provided for chilling the walls of the channel. This mechanism may include a source of cryogen fluid and a mechanism for selectively applying the cryogen fluid to the walls of the channel, the fluid evaporating to chill such walls. The walls of the channel for this embodiment may be formed of a porous material and provide a greater surface area for chilling. Alternatively, the channel through the roller may contain at least two materials separated by a removable barrier, and materials undergoing an endoergic reaction when in contact with each other, which reaction results in the absorption of heat from the walls of the channel in contact therewith. Where the roller is being used to heat the surface, the two materials utilized might be ones which undergo an exothermic reaction when in contact with each other, which reaction results in the generation of heat to the internal surface(s). The barrier may for example be removable by being breakable and the materials utilized for this embodiment when used for cooling may be water and a suitable salt, the channel walls being of a corrosion resistant material where a salt is utilized. End caps may also be removably attachable to seal each end of the roller, with the handle being attachable to such end caps.
A temperature sensor may also be provided for the external surface, the temperature sensor for example being a temperature sensitive strip affixed to the external surface of the roller, a characteristic of the strip varying with temperature, or a thermocouple may be embedded in the external surface. A display may also be provided for the temperature sensor, the display for example being positioned in one of the end caps.
The invention also includes a method for manufacturing a cooling roller of a material having good heat transfer properties and a plurality of channels extending therethrough to cool a surface, the method including: filling the channels with a freezable liquid, freezing the liquid in the channels, the liquid expanding as it freezes, removing excess frozen liquid and sealing the roller at each of its ends. The roller is utilized by rolling the roller over the surface to be cooled, the liquid in the channels contracting as the liquid thaws to generate a partial vacuum which further facilitates the sealing of the roller. The rolling of the roller over the surface may be repeated as required to achieve a desired cooling, and/or the roller may after a period of use, be refrozen as required for subsequent use.
The invention also includes a method for controlling the temperature of a patient's skin which includes providing a roller having a material contained therein and in contact with at least one internal surface of the roller, which material is in a state which causes the roller to be at a temperature close to the temperature to which the patient's skin is to be controlled; and rolling the roller over a surface of the patient's skin at a rate so as to bring the skin surface to the controlled temperature, the material selectively undergoing a state change as the roller is being rolled over the skin surface. The material may initially be in a solid, frozen state and undergo a gradual change to a liquid state during the rolling step, the surface of the patient's skin being cooled during the rolling step to either precool the skin for a therapeutic treatment, to post-cool the skin after a therapeutic treatment or to perform a therapeutic treatment. Alternatively, the material may be initially in a heated liquid state and undergo a gradual change to a solid state during the rolling step to either preheat the surface of the patient's skin for a therapeutic treatment or to heat the surface of the patient's skin to perform a therapeutic treatment. Post-heating may also be performed. The rolling step may be performed under pressure resulting in at least some massaging of the patient's skin. For a particular embodiment, two rollers are provided, which rollers may be on the same handle, each having a material therein which is in a different state, the material in one roller heating the roller and the material in the other roller cooling the roller, the rollers being alternately rolled over an area of the patient's skin during the rolling step.
The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following more particular description of preferred embodiments of the invention as illustrated in the accompanying drawings, the same or similar reference numeral being used for like elements in the various figures.
FIG. 1 is an exploded top perspective view of a temperature control roller device in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a partially cut-away top/front perspective view of the roller device of FIG. 1 when assembled.
FIG. 3 is a top perspective view of the roller device of FIG. 1 when assembled.
FIGS. 4A and 4B are side and front sectional views respectively of the roller for the embodiment shown in FIG. 1.
FIG. 5 is a side sectional view of an end cap for the embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 1.
FIGS. 6 and 7 are side sectional views of two alternative embodiments of the invention.
FIGS. 8A and 8B are sectional views for two alternative roller shapes.
FIGS. 1-5 show a first illustrative embodiment of the invention which is the currently preferred embodiment. The temperature control roller device 10 for this embodiment includes a roller 12 of a material with good heat transfer properties, or in other words of a material such as a metal, ceramic, certain plastics, sapphire or quartz having a high thermal conductivity. For a cooling embodiment of the invention currently being utilized, roller 12 is formed of copper or aluminum, copper having better heat transfer properties, but aluminum being less expensive. As may be best seen in FIGS. 4A and 4B, roller 12 has a center or axial channel 14 formed therethrough in which an axle 16 is mounted. A plurality of channels 18 are also formed through roller 12, thirty-eight such channels arranged in three concentric rings formed around axial channel 14 being shown for the illustrative embodiment. However, both the number of channels and their arrangement may vary with application. One factor in the arrangement of the channels is that each channel may more effectively conduct cold or heat to the roller surface if there is a solid path of thermally conductive material between the channel and the surface. For the embodiment shown, this is accomplished to some extent by having many of the channels in the various rings off-set from each other, a channel in one ring being between two channels in an adjacent ring. While for the illustrative embodiment, the channels decrease in size from the outer ring to the inner ring, this is also not a limitation on the invention, and the channels may all be of the same size or may vary in size in other ways. As may be best seen in FIG. 4A, the number of channels 18 and the size of each channel is such that the channels make up most of the interior of roller 12, forming 60% to 70% of the volume of the roller 12 for a current implementation, the walls of channel 18 thus providing roller 12 with a very large internal surface area. The interior walls of roller 12 between channels 18 may be relatively thin since structural integrity for the roller is provided primarily by the thicker outer wall of the roller. For the current implementation of the invention, roller 12 has a two inch diameter and the portion of the roller containing channels 18 is two inches long. A quarter inch flange 38 extends around each end of the roller to form a recess 40 at each roller end.
Roller device 10 also has a pair of end caps 20, with a sealing ring 22 and a sealing washer 24 being provided for each end cap. As is best seen in FIG. 2, each sealing ring 22 fits in a sealing ring groove 26 (FIG. 5) formed in the corresponding end cap. For an alternative embodiment, axle 16 is replaced by a projection on each end cap, each of which fits into center channel 14 when the caps are mounted to the roller.
Finally, roller device 10 has a handle 28 which includes a grip 30 at a proximal end thereof and splits into a pair of arms 32 at its distal end, each arm 32 having a projection 34 extending inward therefrom. The outer side of each projection 34 is an angled surface 36. Handle 28 is made of a plastic having sufficient resiliency so that arms 32 may be spread slightly, for reasons discussed later, and will then snap back to their original position.
As may be best seen in FIG. 2, when roller device 10 is assembled, each sealing washer 24 sits in recess 40 in the corresponding end of the roller and covers the ends of channels 18. Washer 24 has an axial hole through which axis 16 or the projection on the end cap passes. Each end cap 20 has a projecting portion 42 which fits in corresponding recess 40, the corresponding sealing ring 22 creating a pressure fit between projection 42 and the walls of recess 40. Each end cap also has an internal opening 44 sized and positioned to receive the end of axle 16 when cap 20 is assembled to roller 12 and an external opening 46 which flares slightly near the surface of the cap. The walls of cap 20 are also angled at an angle θ, for example 45�. The angled walls, in conjunction with angled surfaces 36 on projections 34 of handle 28, result in arms 32 of the handle being cammed apart as the handle is forced over roller assembly 48, the roller assembly including roller 12 and end caps 20. When projections 34 come adjacent openings 46, they drop into the opening as shown in FIG. 2, permitting arms 32 to return to their normal position. Projections 34 then serve as an axis about which the roller assembly may rotate, and the arms 32 also function to hold the roller assembly together, eliminating the need for the caps to be screwed, pinned, or otherwise secured to roller 12.
A temperature sensor 47 (FIG. 4B) may also be mounted to or embedded in the outer surface of roller 12 to assure that the roller device 10 is not used when its surface temperature is below a selected threshold or otherwise outside a selected range. Sensor 47 may be a thermocouple embedded in the outer surface of the roller which, for example, connects to an LCD or other suitable display 49 (FIG. 5) mounted for example on or in one of the end caps; or may be an adhesive strip the color of which changes with temperature in the relevant range, the color of the strip being indicative of roller surface temperature. Other suitable sensors could also be utilized, and the sensor could also be used to indicate when a roller assembly being chilled in a freezer is ready for use.
In operation, one of the end caps 20 is mounted to roller 12 in the manner described above and the roller is then filled with a suitable liquid. For a preferred embodiment, the liquid filling each channel 18 is either water or, for cooling applications, water with a suitable additive to slightly reduce its freezing temperature. For heating applications, a substance such as a paraffin could be used, which material solidifies from a liquid to a solid state at a temperature slightly above body temperature, for example a temperature of 37� C. to 45� C. Once all channels 14,18 of the roller are filled, it is, for cooling applications, placed in a freezer for a sufficient period of time for the fluid therein to freeze. For an illustrative embodiment, this period is less than two hours. Since the liquid in channels 18 will expand when frozen, it is preferable that the second end cap 20 not be mounted to roller 12 during this initial freezing operation and that the partial roller assembly instead be mounted in a rack or other suitable structure when being frozen so as to maintain the roller assembly in a position with the mounted end cap on the bottom.
Once the liquid in the roller has been frozen, the roller subassembly may be removed from the freezer. Excess frozen material resulting from the expansion of the material during freezing is then preferably removed before the second end cap and its associated washer are mounted to form the complete roller assembly 48. While this step may be performed when it is desired to use a roller, or could be performed for several rollers in for example a rack at one time, it is preferable that the sealed roller assemblies 48 be fabricated at the factory and shipped ready for use. Roller assemblies may be returned to the freezer at least several hours before use and retrieved as needed.
When there is a need to cool a surface, a roller is removed from the freezer and handle 28 is snapped in place on roller assembly 48 in the manner discussed above. The roller is then rolled over the surface to be cooled. The roller may for example be rolled over the surface to be treated at a rate of 0.5 to 1.5 inches per second for the illustrative embodiment and may for example precool an area of up to approximately 400 cm2. While the temperature of the roller surface will typically be in the range of plus or minus 5� C. when removed from the freezer and will remain in this range for a period of about two hours when used at room temperature, the temperature to which the surface, for example the skin surface of a patient, is cooled depends on a number of factors, including the temperature of the roller surface, the rate at which the roller is being rolled over the surface and the number of times the roller passes over a particular spot on the surface, and the dwell time of the roller on the surface. The dwell time also controls the depth in the skin of cooling. For shallow depth of cooling, a minimum dwell time of roughly 10 seconds is generally required, with a dwell time of roughly one minute being preferred. For deep cooling in the skin, a dwell time which may be up to roughly thirty minutes may be required. Deep cooling may be useful for pain reduction in some procedures and possibly for treating fat. The skin or other surface, for the illustrative embodiment, remain at approximately 20� C. for roughly five minutes after treatment, and will then slowly return to normal body temperature.
While roller device 10 is being rolled over the surface to be treated, the roller may also be spreading a thin layer of a suitable liquid, gel or other material over the surface, which material fills in microroughness, cracks and other indentations in the surface, provides optical impedance matching and may perform other functions to enhance an optical dermatology treatment on a patient's skin or to enhance a procedure performed on some other type of surface. Alternatively, the roller may, for example, in addition to chilling the skin to reduce pain, also spread an antiseptic or other substance over the skin surface to further reduce pain, itching, or for some other therapeutic function.
As the frozen liquid in the roller assembly thaws, the sealing of the roller assembly to prevent leakage becomes more critical. However, since the excess material resulting from freezing of the liquid was removed prior to sealing of the roller assembly, and since the ends of the channels are sealed, as the material in the channels shrinks as a result of thawing, a partial vacuum is created in each channel which operates on washers 24 and on caps 20 to enhance the seal.
One problem with prior art cooling devices is that as the ice melts, a water barrier may form between the surface in contact with the skin and the remaining ice, thereby reducing the effectiveness of the remaining ice in chilling the contacting surface. However, the large number of channels for the illustrative embodiment, and the resulting large wall surface area, in conjunction with the rolling of the roller in general, and centrifugal force caused by such rolling, results in any remaining ice in the roller being moved into contact with a wall of the channel so that, so long as there is still some ice in the channels, the temperature of the roller, particularly when the roller is in use and being rolled, can be maintained close to the freezing temperature of the water or other substance with which the channels are filled. For an illustrative embodiment, a roller may be used for up to two hours without refreezing.
Once the ice within a roller has substantially thawed, arms 32 of handle 28 may be manually pulled apart sufficiently to permit the roller assembly to be removed from handle 28 and a new roller may be snapped into place. The roller which has been removed may be returned to the freezer for refreezing. Once a roller assembly has been sealed, the cycle of refreezing and using a roller may be repeated numerous times, theoretically a virtually unlimited number of times, before it is necessary to either refill or dispose of the roller.
FIG. 6 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the invention wherein the roller 12′, instead of having a plurality of channels 18 which are filled with a freezable liquid, has a single internal channel 50 having a nozzle 52 extending therein from one of the end caps 20. Nozzle 52 is connected to a source of cryogen fluid 54, which source is mounted to handle portion 30 for the illustrative embodiment, through a tube 56 having a control valve 58 mounted therein. For the illustrative embodiment shown, valve 58 is manually operated by a button 60. Thus, when button 60 is operated, a spray 62 of cryogen fluid is applied to the walls of channel 50, the spray condensing on the walls of the channel and evaporating to cool the thermally conductive material of roller 12′ and thus the outer surface of the roller. The walls of channel 50 may be formed of a porous material, may be ridged, or may otherwise have indentations or holes formed therein to increase the surface area on which condensation and evaporation occurs and to thus enhance the cooling effect. An operator may periodically operate button 60 as required to maintain roller 12′ at a desired temperature, or the operator may hold down button 60 when the roller is in use, and valve 58 may be designed to periodically apply spray to nozzles 52 so long as button 60 is depressed to thus maintain the outer surface of roller 12′ at a desired temperature. Alternatively, either once button 60 has been depressed, or while button 60 is depressed, a temperature sensor 47 either on or embedded in roller assembly 48′, may be utilized to sense the surface temperature of the roller, the output from the temperature sensor being applied to a suitable control of valve mechanism 58 to open the valve to apply cryogen to the walls of channel 50 when the surface temperature of the roller drops below a selected threshold. Other control mechanisms are also possible. Cryogen source 54 is periodically replaced as required.
FIG. 7 shows another alternative embodiment of the invention, the roller device 10″ of this embodiment having a center channel 50′ which is divided into two subchannels by a removable barrier 66, channel portions 68A and 68B of channel 50′ containing materials which react endoergically with each other so that, when the materials come together, they undergo a chemical reaction which absorbs heat. For an illustrative embodiment, channel section 68A is shown as containing NaNO3 and channel section 68B is shown as containing water. Other materials undergoing endoergic reaction could also be utilized. While barrier 66 can be removable by being pulled out in some suitable manner, for an illustrative embodiment, the barrier is breakable by for example striking roller 12″ or the corresponding roller assembly 48″ on a hard surface, or, where the roller has slight flexibility, by slightly flexing the roller to break the barrier. Other techniques for selectively removing barrier 66 are also within the contemplation of the invention. A roller 12″, or roller assembly 48″, would typically be a single use item and would be disposable after use.
Where roller device is being used for heating, the roller assembly would be filled and sealed as for the cooling embodiment, except without the freezing and trimming steps. The fill for the channels could be a liquid as previously discussed or could be a suitable gel or other semi-solid. For a preferred implementation, the fill is a material such as a paraffin which is a solid at room or normal body temperature, but is a liquid at slightly higher temperatures. This material would be heated to its liquid state and give off substantial heat as it returns or "freezes" to its solid state. Alternatively, where the fill is a liquid such as water, the liquid could be heated above its evaporation temperature so that all or a substantial portion of the liquid passes into its gaseous state, and then condense to its liquid state in use. For this embodiment, a vent, preferably a one-way vent, would need to be provided for example on the end caps to permit sufficient gas to escape, so that the pressure in the chambers is lowered sufficiently both to prevent the end caps from being blown off or rupturing of the roller and to permit evaporation. In lieu of vents, the seal could be such that at some pressure, gas can escape through the seal. However, once the gas escapes, particularly as the liquid condenses, vacuum pressure would be applied to the seal and end cap to hold the assembly together preventing leakage of liquid or gas.
When it was desired to use the roller device, the roller assembly would be heated to a desired temperature in an oven, boiling water, a microwave oven, or other suitable heating device. If the roller assembly is to be microwave heatable, the roller 12 would either need to be formed of a microwave compatible material, for example a ceramic, or modified to be microwave compatible. The large surface area of the roller in contact with the heated material would also be advantageous for heating, and the mixing action of the fluid sloshing in the channels would maintain the walls of the channels at a substantially uniform temperature. Where a roller 12″ of FIG. 7 is used for a heating application, the materials in the subchannels 68A and 68B would be materials undergoing an exothermic or heat generating reaction when brought into contact with each other. As for cooling, the skin surface temperature and depth of heating would depend on many factors including temperature of the roller surface, and dwell time on a surface area, dwell time for example depending on the rate the roller is rolled over the surface and on the number of passes. Dwell time for heating would generally be comparable to those for cooling.
One advantage of the various embodiments of the invention, whether used for heating or cooling, is that the roller device also applies pressure to the surface which, where the surface is a patient's skin, can result is deeper heating/cooling and, by eliminating blood under the roller, can extend the period the skin maintains the desired lower/higher temperature by reducing profusion induced temperature moderation. The pressure may also have a therapeutic massaging effect on the skin and on muscles or other body components underlying the skin. The therapeutic massage effect either with heat or with cold may be enhanced by having a roller such as roller 112A of FIG. 8A which has for example an octagonal cross-section rather than a circular cross-section with corners 116A between each pair of adjacent faces 114A. FIG. 8B illustrates another alternative roller shape wherein the roller 112B has a square cross-section with four faces 114B and corners 116B therebetween. While two alternative roller shapes 112A and 112B have been shown in the figures, it is apparent that other alternative roller shapes may be utilized having either a greater or lesser number of faces 114 and that, while in the figures the faces 114 have been shown as being flat, this is also not a limitation on the invention, and that each of the faces 114 may have either a convex or concave curve which may, for example, be a circular arc having a smaller diameter than that of the roller 112 or may be in the form of a parabolic, elliptical or other suitable curve. Particularly with the embodiment of FIG. 8B, rather then continually rolling the roller over the treatment surface, each face 114 may be brought into contact with the surface and left in contact until its temperature starts to equalize with that of the surface, and then the next surface brought into contact. Between periods of contact, the medium returns a surface 114 to the desired temperature.
While in the discussion above, the various roller devices 10 have been indicated as usable for pretreatment of the surface or to effect a desired therapeutic treatment, it is also possible for the roller devices to be used for post-treatment, for example to cool a skin surface after treatment to reduce pain, cool the skin to minimize thermal damage and/or to reduce swelling. It is also possible, for massage or other treatments, to provide two rollers 12, one to heat the skin and one to cool the skin, which rollers may be mounted to the same handle 28 or to different handles, and which rollers are applied alternatively to the skin to alternately heat and cool the skin to effect the desired therapeutic treatment.
While the invention has been particularly shown and described above with reference to several embodiments, and variations on these embodiments have been discussed, it is to be understood that these embodiments have been shown for purposes of illustration only and that other variations are within the contemplation of the invention. For example, the handle 28 shown may be replaced with a handle extending from the roller axis or with other shapes or forms of handles, and it is possible that in some applications, a handle may not be required. For example, for treatment by the patient on the patient's back or other areas, one or more rollers may be mounted in an elongated support with hand holds at the ends, permitting the rollers to be rolled over the surface as the support is pulled back and forth over the surface. Therefore, the foregoing and other changes in form and detail may be made in the invention by one skilled in the art while still remaining within the spirit and scope of the invention which is to be defined only by the appended claims.
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In an ideal world, gay marriage would be won at the ballot box. Voters would recognize that they have absolutely nothing to lose by allowing their fellow citizens the same rights to marry that heteros more »
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2013 Outdoor Trial French Grand Prix Results For the seventh consecutive year, Repsol Montesa rider..
2013 FIM Trial World Championship Results from Motegi, Japan The 29th edition of the 2013..
2013 FIM X-Trial World Championship During the penultimate round of the 2013 FIM X-Trial World..
2013 Malaga X-Trial World Championship Results Repsol Montesa Honda's Toni Bou continued his dominance this..
2013 Barcelona X-Trial World Championship Results Repsol Montesa Honda's Toni Bou is two for two..
2011 World Trials Championship
After taking victory at Fort William in Scotland last weekend for Round 7 of the 2011 World Trial Championship, Gas Gas rider Adam Raga stole some valuable points from his closest rival and current series leader, Toni Bou.
2011 Trials World Championship
Toni Bou took his fifth victory in the 2011 Trial World Championship after a dominating win Sunday at Montecrestese in Italy.
At round 6 of the 2011 Trial World Championship, the Repsol rider beat out his main rival Adam Raga (Gas Gas) by eight points. With his success, Bou now has an 18-point lead over Raga.
2011 Trials World Championship
Toni Bou is unstoppable in the 2011 Trial World Championship. With his victory Sunday in Andorra, Spain, the Repsol Montesa Honda rider has now won four out of five races.
His teammate, Takahisa Fujinami, finished second at Andorra, followed by Gas Gas rider Adam Raga.
2011 Trial World Championship
For the third time in the 2011 Trial World Championship, Repsol's Toni Bou was successful, taking the Spanish Trial Grand Prix Sunday at Pobladura de las Regueras (Leon).
Toni Bou Trials Video
Before the Champions League Soccer finale kicks off at Camp Nou between FC Barcelona and the Manchester United, nine-time Trial World Championship rider Toni Bou got to do some practicing in the stadium.
MotoGP News
The entire Repsol Honda Team landed in Spain for the first time in 2011 for its spectacular launch.
The Repsol industrial complex in Puertollano (Ciudad Real) was the setting of the most powerful MotoGP Team launch, which includes Dani Pedrosa, Andrea Dovizioso and Casey Stoner.
2011 Indoor Trials
Toni Bou confirms the X-Trial World Championship he won last Saturday in Madrid – his fifth consecutive indoor trial title – with a triumph in the sixth and last round that took place Saturday, the Milan Indoor Trial.
Repsol Interview
In Madrid Spain, Toni Bou, the Repsol motorbike rider showed again that he is the referent in today's trial world by taking his fifth Indoor World Championship.
Repsol Wallpaper
Born on October 17, 1986 and living in Piera (Barcelona, Spain), Toni Bou started as a Bike Trial rider when he was eight. After winning the World Championship, in 1999 he took the leap to the Motorcycle Trial.
Indoor Trial Results
Toni Bou remains undefeated in the X-Trial World Championship after achieving a new victory at the Geneva Indoor Trial, held Saturday night at the Swiss city.


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In direct to defiance to new power in Washington that insists on the development of "clean coal," The Coen brothers directed a 30 second ad-spot that denies that possibility.
The commercial is sponsored by The Reality Coalition, a group of five environmental organizations that say, "There is no such thing as clean coal."
Now, Hollywood and Washington have always had a unique relationship (sometimes harmonious, sometimes volatile), and therefore political activism and commentary is very much in character for industry leaders. But with Obama representing "liberal," "democratic" and "just" vales—the putative values of Hollywood—it's a surprise his good intentions are being called out. And that's the point the Coens are trying to make (sardonically, of course): good intentions are just not good enough. Realism must take precedent over idealism.
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This paper describes micromachined scanning thermocouple probes that exploit the low thermal conductivity and the high mechanical flexibility of polyimide as a structural material. They are surface micromachined using a low-temperature six-mask process suitable for appending to a CMOS fabrication sequence. The probes are 200-1000-μm long, 40-120-μm wide, and of varying thickness. They are assembled by a flip-over approach that eliminates the need for dissolving the substrate wafer or removing the probe from it. Temperature sensing is provided by thin-film Ni/W or chromel/alumel thermopiles embedded in the polyimide, which provide Seebeck coefficients of 22.5 and 37.5 μV/K per junction, respectively. Modeling results indicate that the low thermal conductivity of polyimide causes the temperature drop along the probe length to be much higher than with other candidate materials such as Si or SiO2, which contributes to improved thermal isolation of the sample and higher temperature sensitivity of the probe. However, the response time of the probe is compromised, and the measured -3 dB bandwidth of the probes is ≈500 Hz. A sample scan is presented


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Ex-Browns' Owner Lerner Could Never Drum Up Winner
by Nick Dudukovich
When it comes to Randy Lerner's ownership of the Cleveland Browns , just one word comes to mind: disappointment. Lerner inherited a dream... Read More »
The Talent Jury Is Out: How Phil Savage Hurt The Browns in 4 Years
by Daniel Wolf
Several years ago, the Cleveland Browns brought in a so-called personnel guru in former general manager Phil Savage... Read More »
Changing of the Guard: A Who's Who of the Cleveland Browns New Coaching Staff
by Casey Drottar
When Romeo Crennel and Phil Savage were fired by the Cleveland Browns, the majority of their staff was sent packing as well... Read More »
Looking Back At the Cleveland Browns' 2006 Draft
by Mike G
This the the second of a two-part series on reviewing the Cleveland Browns 2005 and 2006 drafts (part one is here). As before, I'm comparing each player's performance to that of the next player drafted... Read More »
Romeo Crennel and Phil Savage don't deserve bashing by Cleveland Browns fans
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The Cleveland Browns were one of the teams most talked about at the recent draft. There is a growing love fest with Coach Eric Mangini and General Manager George Kokinis, referred to collectively as "... Read More »
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Remember Me
Sure they may siphon from the 60's pool, but do not confuse Jail
Weddings as any kind of mere throwback act. The sphere of influence is
vast, from the grandiose Scott Walker-esque soundscape of the album's
existential opener "How Am I Alive?" to the E-Street Band gone to Hell
epic "I Thought You Were Someone I Knew", to the Sparks meets Meatloaf
bombastic melodrama of "What Did You Do With My Gun?", the band proves
its sound is unique as it is limitless.
Though vastly theatrical in its scope, Love Is Lawless is
sprinkled with moments of quieter reprieve as well, with Hart's folksy
"One Of These Days?" where he and his vocal bookends (Katya Hubiak and
Jada Wagensomer) simply gather around one single acoustic guitar.
"Eavesdroppin' finds Hart and band arranger Brad Caulkins (of LA based
band Fool's Gold) drunken busking free-jazz under a brooding vocal,
before the impending "Staring At The Stars" suddenly sneaks up from
beneath, making the album explode back into high gear till its
unnerving, determined conclusion "The Impossible".