text:
A microinjection system comprises a device for housing dried forms of medical reagents, such as vaccines, hormones, etc. in single doses. Within a single chamber, a dry reagent bed is provided adjacent a compression component that keeps the bed compacted. In operation, diluent flows through the chamber to carry the reagent out of the chamber in fluid form. In the illustrated embodiments, the fluid carrying reagent is directly delivered from the chamber via a needle. Integral or connectable diluent delivery devices are disclosed for providing an appropriate volume of diluent to the reagent chamber. Unstable formulations of drugs, for example, can be safely stored in dry form. When injection is needed, the drug can be delivered almost instantly in fluid form simply by releasing diluent through the chamber, where the reagent bed is dissolved or suspended while the remaining reagent is continually compacted. The resultant fluid contains a single dose of the reagent and is delivered directly to a patient, desirably without measurement of the fluid form.
1. A system for delivering single dose units of medical reagents in fluid form, comprising:
a diluent chamber having a connector, the diluent chamber comprising a fixed volume of diluent;
a diluent delivery mechanism within the connector downstream of the diluent chamber;
a reagent chamber including a dry reagent bed, wherein the reagent chamber is integrally connected with the connector and the diluent delivery mechanism;
a compression component in the reagent chamber positioned for exerting pressure upon the reagent bed; and
a reagent delivery mechanism integrally connected with and downstream of the reagent chamber for delivering the reagent in a liquid.
2. The system of
3. The system of
4. The system of
5. The system of
6. The system of
7. The system of
8. A reagent delivery system, comprising:
a diluent delivery device comprising a diluent chamber having a maximum volume of about 10 mL;
a reagent delivery device, comprising a reagent chamber, a reagent bed, a compression component in the reagent chamber positioned for exerting pressure on the reagent bed;
a diluent delivery mechanism upstream of the reagent delivery device, the diluent delivery mechanism having a proximate end and a distal end; and
a reagent delivery mechanism integrally connected and downstream of the reagent chamber for delivering the reagent in a liquid outside the system.
9. The reagent delivery system of
10. The reagent delivery system of
11. The reagent delivery system of
12. The reagent delivery system of
13. The reagent delivery system of
14. The reagent delivery device of
15. A method of delivering a defined drug dose in fluid form, comprising:
integrally connecting a diluent chamber with a reagent delivery device comprising a reagent chamber and a reagent delivery mechanism downstream of the reagent chamber, wherein the diluent chamber has a maximum volume of about 10 mL;
converting a dry reagent within the reagent chamber into a fluid form by flowing a diluent along a path from the diluent chamber to the reagent chamber;
compressing the dry reagent with a compacting mechanism while flowing the diluent through the dry reagent; and
delivering the fluid form from the reagent chamber through the reagent delivery mechanism to a drug recipient in fluid communication with the reagent delivery mechanism.
16. The method of
17. The method of
18. The method of
19. The method of
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/504,179 filed Feb. 15, 2000, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,562,002, and claims the benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. �119(e) from provisional Application No. 60/120,418, filed Feb. 16, 1999, both are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
The present invention relates generally to the administration of drugs, and more particularly to the dissolution and administration of drugs from dry formulations.
Injection of micro-quantities of soluble drug is used extensively throughout the world for a wide range of drugs, reagents and biological substances. Many of these reagents are unstable in their liquid form under various conditions. An effective method for maintaining these unstable drugs in a stable condition is to keep the reagent as a dry formulation.
Current methods for administering dry formulations into patients involves adding a liquid diluent into a vial containing the dry reagent to be administered. The dry reagent is allowed to dissolve within the vial. This frequently requires some minimal agitation. Too much agitation can result in foaming of the reagent and preventing recovery of the appropriate amount of drug to administer to the patient. Following dissolution of the reagent, the reagent solution is withdrawn from the vial in a syringe. This charged syringe is then used to inject the patient. To assure that the proper amount of reagent is delivered, it is desirable to be able to view the reagent as it is administered.
One type of device for administering liquid drugs to a patient is the single-use syringe design described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,222,948. This device provides a means of a single use injection with a one way valve system that incorporates a needle and a separate solution chamber. The reagent to be delivered is contained as a solution within the solution chamber. For many applications, the reagent should remain stable in solution over relatively long periods of storage and/or transportation. Unfortunately, many reagents that could be delivered from this device are not stable in solution. Such reagents are, as a rule, considerably more stable as a dry form, i.e., powder or lyophilized.
The description herein describes systems, devices and methods for providing fluid forms of bioactive reagent from dry forms of the reagent.
In accordance with one aspect of the invention, a system is provided for delivering single dose units of medical reagents in fluid form. The system includes a chamber that houses a dry reagent bed having a mass of no more than about 1.0 g. A compression component in the chamber exerts pressure upon the reagent bed. A delivery mechanism is integrally connected downstream of the chamber for delivering the reagent in a liquid.
In the illustrated embodiments, the system also includes an upstream source of diluent for reconstituting the dry reagent in fluid form within the chamber, in route to the delivery mechanism. The preferred delivery mechanism is an injection needle.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a method is provided for preparing and delivering a defined drug dose. The method includes converting a dry reagent into a fluid form by flowing a diluent along a laminar flow path through a chamber that houses the dry reagent. The fluid is then delivered from the chamber directly into a delivery mechanism in fluid communication with a drug recipient.
These and other aspects of the invention will be apparent to the skilled artisan from the description below and from the drawings, which are meant to illustrated and not to limit the invention, and in which:
This invention relates to improvements in preparing and administering defined doses of drugs. The invention disclosed herein also relates to a means of maintaining potentially unstable, injectable reagents in a stable form, as dry formulations, until administration to the patient. The patient can be human or can be another animal.
While the embodiments of the invention are described in the context of dry reagent reconstitution, the skilled artisan will find application for the principles disclosed herein in a variety of contexts, particularly where dissolution of reagents that are unstable in solution is desired.
As described in detail below, the preferred embodiments provide a drug delivery system comprising a microinjector device for reconstituting and administering a reagent of choice. The microinjector is adapted to be mechanically associated with a diluent source, where the diluent is used to reconstitute the dry reagent. As discussed below, the diluent may be supplied by a number of devices, such as a syringe.
Diluents for use with the invention dissolve or suspend the reagent of choice within the microinjector. The dry or dried reagent resides as a reagent bed within the microinjector and is confined in a reagent chamber held between one or more porous compression components and/or a wall of the housing of the microinjector device. The compression component, discussed in detail below, provides the means by which the reagent is evenly and consistently dissolved by the diluent.
The microinjector disclosed herein can be used in a one-time use fashion or it can be constructed for multiple uses. A reusable microinjector would be constructed in such a manner as to permit refilling of the reagent volume used within the device, as well as permitting the recompression of the compressor component; both features are discussed below. Concerning design specifications, the microinjector device contemplated herein can be constructed in various sizes for use with various quantities of dry reagents.
One embodiment of the invention includes a suitable diluent, a reagent contained within the device that is to be administered to a subject in need thereof and a microinjection device for preparing and administering the reagent. As described herein a suitable diluent is contemplated as including any liquid suitable for carrying and delivering dry drugs or other reagents. Examples of such diluents include saline and sterile water. The diluent can also contribute medically active agents to the delivered fluid, as will be appreciated from Example I detailed below. Separation of bioactive ingredients into the diluent and the dry reagent bed can advantageously avoid reaction between such agents by avoiding long storage together in solution form.
The range of dried drugs and reagents usable with the invention disclosed herein is contemplated to encompass any of a number of compounds, particularly those designed for medical applications. The illustrated microinjection device employs a bioactive reagent that can be substantially dried and subsequently reconstituted, dissolved, or suspended in water. The amount of the dry reagent will vary according to that agent and the quantity of the compound or compounds that is effective for providing a single dose of the reagent. "Single dose," as used herein, refers to an amount of the reagent desirable for direct delivery to a patient, without further measurement prior to delivery. "Direct delivery" may be directly into a patient via an injection needle (e.g., intravenously or intramuscularly), or by way of an IV drip line. In either case, the dissolved or reconstituted reagent is administered to the patient without further measurement.
The reagent to be contained can be soluble or insoluble. The devices described herein dissolve soluble reagents and deliver the reagent in a solution. The reagents could consist of powders, freeze-dried agents, crystals or granules. Insoluble agents are suspended or otherwise liberated from the confined dry form and delivered as a suspension or slurry upon hydration with the diluent fluid. The amount of dry reagent varies widely with the reagent and diluent of choice, but is preferably less than about 1.0 g, desirably ranging from about 10 μg to 500 mg, more preferably 1 mg to 100 mg, and most preferably from about 1 mg to 25 mg. The amount of diluent employed will, of course, generally vary with the desired dosage of reagent and vice versa.
Examples of reagents contemplated for use with the invention include antivenoms, antibiotics, anti-inflammatories, coagulation agents, vaccines, hormones (e.g., synthetic insulin), biotechnology derived agents (e.g., lyophilized proteins), and the like. Particular examples of medical compounds that are or could be produced in dry formulations for reconstitution in the microinjector immediately prior to administration are listed in Table I below:
The reagents may be prepared using any one of a number of water removing technologies that are well known in the art. For example, the drugs to be administered can be lyophilized, freeze-dried, crystallized, or granulized.
The reagent may be incorporated into the structure of the microinjector through a variety of means. In one embodiment, a dry reagent of choice is added to the reagent chamber of the microinjector and then sealed therein. In another embodiment, the drug to be administered is dried inside of the injector body. This design provides a means of incorporating lyophilization of reagent within the microinjector during the assembly process. Prior to sealing the top in place, the housing is placed into the bottom cover. The reagent is placed in the housing as a solution. The entire subassembly is frozen and placed into a lyophilization system to freeze-dry the reagent inside the microinjector. After the reagent is freeze-dried, the compression component is seated and compressed within the housing and the top is then sealed in place. Advantageously, the reagent remains sealed in a stable, dry form until the moment of administration.
The reagent is preferably deliverable to a patient via a diluent. Although the following description discusses dissolving reagents, it should be understood that any system for mixing a dried reagent with a diluent to form a deliverable liquid is contemplated. For example, microinjection systems that introduce suspensions, slurries or other mixtures of liquid and dried reagents into a patient are contemplated.
With respect to the volume of diluent contained in the diluent-providing device, the volume should be sufficient to dissolve the entire quantity of reagent present in a particular microinjection device. Preferably, the volume of diluent ranges from 0.1 mL to 100 mL of fluid. More preferably, the volume of diluent ranges from 0.1 mL to 10 mL of fluid. Most preferably, the volume of fluid contained within the diluent is 0.1 mL to 1 mL.
Microinjector Device
With reference to
The compression component 16 occupies a range of conformations extending from a compressed conformation to a decompressed conformation. When axially compressed, as shown in
The compression component 16 can be any type of open cell foam with elasticity. For example, polyurethane foam, polyethylene foam or polypropylene foam are all contemplated for use with the disclosed invention. Either the foam itself or a frit, interposed between the elastic foam and the reagent bed, has a pore size that is smaller than the smallest particle in the reagent bed. Other mechanisms that function in a manner similar to that of a foam compression component are also contemplated. For example, plastic or metal springs can also be used in conjunction with a frit. Reference is made to the compression components and operation in compacting reagent beds in U.S. Pat. No. 5,725,777, issued Mar. 10, 1998, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
The preferred location of the compression component 16 is influenced by the solubility of the reagent. A single compression component 16 is preferably placed upstream insoluble agents, as shown. In other arrangements, two compression components can be employed, e.g., upstream and downstream of the bed. A downstream compression component can also serve as a hydrophilic or microporous plug for creating backpressure to overcome during operation, inhibiting premature flow and ensuring complete wetting of the reagent bed 15.
The housing 12 includes an upper seal 18, which closes off the chamber 14 during assembly. The outlet of the reagent chamber 14 forms an inverted cone 22 with the apex terminating in a delivery mechanism that introduces the reagent to a patient. Preferably, this mechanism comprises a terminal needle 24 for injection into the patient. However, other types of devices, such as Luer connectors into drug delivery lines (e.g., intravenous drip), or any other connector that allows introduction of the liquefied reagent into a patient, can be substituted in other arrangements. The illustrated needle 24 is of sufficiently small bore to prevent passive fluid passage without application of external pressure.
Alternatively or in addition to the constriction of the needle 24, a porous plug or frit can be inserted in the downstream end or terminus 22 of the reagent chamber 14. The porosity of such a plug is preferably sufficiently small to prevent passive fluid passage to the reagent chamber 14 and ensure complete wetting of the reagent bed 15. The component 16 can also be composed of hydrophobic materials for the same purpose. As noted above, a downstream compression component can be configured to serve as the downstream plug. The needle constriction and/or plug also serve to prevent escape of reagent particles from the reagent bed 15 prior to operation of the device 10. Furthermore, sufficient backpressure is generated to ensure dissolution of the reagent prior to delivery through the needle 24.
The microinjector 10 is enclosed within two covers 26, 28. A top cover 26 covers and protects the upper end of the housing 12. A base cover 28 covers the lower end of the housing 12 and the exposed needle 24. The illustrated covers 26, 28 are held in place by a snap fit to the housing 12. For example, an indented groove (not shown) on the housing 12 is sized and shaped to mate with a convex ridge on the base cover 28. Similar grooves and convex ridges on the base cover 28 and the top cover 26, respectively, provide a snap fit to hold the two covers 26, 28 together.
Diluent Delivery Device
Another aspect of the invention comprises provision of a diluent delivery device 100, shown in FIG. 3. The apparatus 100 is configured to deliver a suitable sterile diluent with the microinjector device of 10 of
The illustrated diluent device 100 comprises a diluent housing 110, including a diluent chamber 120 and a connecting needle 130, extending from a proximate needle end 140 to a distal needle end 150. The device shown in
The diluent chamber 120 preferably comprises a flexible plastic tab that can be compressed to expel fluid through the channel 135. The diluent chamber 120 contains a suitable diluent 190 and most preferably a gas 195. The gas 195, if properly oriented during operation, allows complete expulsion of the diluent 190. Alternatively, a precise amount of excess diluent can be employed, such that only the excess diluent is left within the device after injection. In the illustrated embodiment, the diluent 190 comprises distilled, deionized or otherwise sterilized water or saline. As set forth in Example I below, the diluent 190 can also contribute bioactive components to the delivered fluid. Desirably, the small needle aperture prevents passage of the diluent 190 through the channel 135 in the absence of positive pressure on the exterior of the chamber 120, even after the seal 160 is pierced. The chamber walls are preferably transparent enough to view the presence or absence of diluent in the chamber 120.
In other arrangements, the diluent chamber can be provided with other mechanisms to provide fluid flow. For example, a spring-loaded mechanism can be triggered or released to allow the spring to thereafter automatically squeeze diluent out of the device. In this manner, the amount of diluent released during operation does not rely upon the finger pressure and length of time an individual exerts pressure upon the diluent housing. Rather, a defined pressure is exerted by the spring-loaded mechanism to assure complete expulsion of the diluent at a predictable and repeatable rate of flow.
Assembly and Operation
In operation, the microinjector 10 is first placed in fluid communication with a diluent source. In the preferred embodiment of
With reference to
At the same time, the distal needle end 150 perforates the microinjector cap or seal 18. This creates a connection between the needle 130 and the reagent chamber 14, and thereby between the diluent chamber 120 and the reagent chamber 14 via the needle 130. With this connection created, the housing base cover 28 is removed, exposing the injection needle 24, and the combined system is used to inject the patient.
As shown in
As diluent 190 flows through the reagent chamber 14, preferably along a laminar flow path, the dry reagent bed 15 contained therein is reconstituted in an even and consistent manner. The compression component 16 exerts an axial pressure on the dry reagent bed 15 contained within the reagent chamber 14. The compressed component 16 serves to distribute the diluent in such a way as to cause the even dissolution of the reagent by the diluent. As the reagent dissolves, the compression component 16 expands (
External pressure is maintained on the diluent chamber 120 of the microinjector system 198 until all the diluent is expelled from the preferred diluent device 100, the diluent housing needle 130, the microinjector reagent chamber 14 and the microinjector needle 24. The clear housing 12 enables visualization of the dissolution of the reagent, as well as the expulsion of the reagent solution 199 from the reagent chamber 14 and into the patient.
Alternative Assemblies
The microinjector 10 can be employed in series with a separate diluent delivery device 100, as described with respect to
With reference to
The Luer fitting 205 inserts into the Luer adaptor 210. The adaptor 210 includes a standard Luer fitting receiver 220 at an upstream end. The downstream end comprises a collar 230 with a groove-and-ridge snap-to-fit design configured to attach to the exterior of the housing 12 of the microinjector 10. A bridge 240 between the receiver 220 and the collar 230 includes a needle 250, establishing fluid communication between the receiver 220 and the collar 230.
In operation, the Luer adaptor 210 is connected to the syringe (e.g., of the '948 patent) in a similar manner as the connection of the microinjector 10 to the diluent device 100 of
In still another arrangement, illustrated in
Desirably, the system 300 includes a base cover 330, as shown in FIG. 8. The device includes a mechanism for separating the liquid diluent from the dried drug until just prior to administration. The mechanism can be a membrane 335, as illustrated, or any other type of barrier that separates the liquid diluent from the dried reagent. In other arrangements, the barrier can comprise a brittle material that breaks under lateral pressure. In still another arrangement, the barrier can be a valve that is opened by the user.
As shown in
Advantageously, the preferred embodiments facilitate rapid preparation of a single dose of deliverable fluid suitable for direct use. Desirably, dissolution or suspension occurs as diluent flows through the unit in a single pass, without circulation or agitation to aid the mixing process. It will be understood, however, that a hydrophobic plug within the terminus 22 and/or the needle constriction preferably ensure complete wetting of the reagent bed 15 during the single-pass flow.
In one embodiment, the fluid is delivered directly (i.e., straight from the microinjector) via an injection needle into a patient. In another embodiment, the fluid is delivered directly into an IV drip line, without gathering in a diffusion or mixing chamber. The latter embodiment can involve injection into an IV line with a needle or needleless connection to the IV line. Alternatively, the dissolved reagent can be employed in any other suitable fashion (e.g., stored). In any case, the preferred embodiments desirably provide single-dose quantities of deliverable fluid from stable, dry reagents, without the need for any agitation or slow diffusion to aid further dissolution, and without the need for separately measuring the dosage amount after dissolution (or otherwise reconstituting the drug in fluid form). Voids and channels are not formed during the dissolution of the reagents, such that the reagents are quickly and completely dissolved as diluent passes through the system.
Thus, small doses of medically useful compounds are readily converted from stable dry form into deliverable fluid form. Considerable time can be saved in the preparation and delivery of single-dose units, without the risk of storing reagents in unstable fluid forms. Exemplary contexts for which the illustrated devices are particularly useful include delivery of vaccines, particularly in remote locations; emergency administration of chemical weapon antidotes; emergency administration of drugs for the suppression of allergic reactions; scheduled or emergency delivery of supplemental hormones; etc.
The following examples are provided as a particular embodiment of the invention. The examples are meant to illustrate and not limit the scope of the invention in any manner.
In one example, the microinjector system delivers an intramuscular injection of a combination of reagents. In particular, an anti-cholinergic agent (atropine) is delivered along with an anti-nerve agent (HI-6). This combination of agents is used as an antidote for chemical warfare agents that attack the nervous system.
For an exemplary dosage, the microinjection system comprises a stored diluent that includes 2 mg of atropine in 2.5 mL of sterile water. The dry reagent bed comprises 500 mg of HI-6. As the diluent passes through the bed of HI-6, the dry reagent is dissolved and delivered to the patient as a solution, including active ingredients from each of the diluent and the dry reagent bed. With the illustrated device, the dissolution and deliver is conducted within roughly 5 seconds. Atropine and HI-6 are available from Sigma-Aldrich Corp. of St. Louis, Mo. and Phoenix Chemical Laboratory, Inc. of Chicago, Ill., respectively.
The reagent chamber is loaded with a quantity of epinephrine efficacious in the treatment of an allergic reaction to bee stings. An adult dose is about 0.3 mg. The reagent chamber is loaded with epinephrine hydrochloride, commercially available from Sigma-Aldrich of St. Louis, Mo. Additionally, the reagent bed comprises salts for better physiologic composition of the injected drug. In particular, the reagent bed can comprise about 0.31 mg of calcium chloride, 0.30 mg of potassium chloride, and 8.6 mg of sodium chloride. The compression component is in physical contact with the reagent in the chamber. The diluent comprises a fluid capable of rapidly dissolving crystallized epinephrine, particularly about 2.5 mL of sterile water for injection. The above quantity of reagents is assembled in the structure as recited and will produce approximately 2.75 mL of epinephrine diluted in Ringer's solution, suitable for direct injection into a patient.
Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that various omissions, additions and modifications may be made to the processes described above without departing from the scope of the invention, and that all such modifications and changes are intended to fall within the scope of the invention, as defined by the appended claims.
Patent Citations
Referenced by
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text: What's a stretch, Doug, is to assume, nay, darn near state with certainty like you have been doing, that Torreyes will be in the roughly 2% of males who do NOT put on that kind of weight these years. That would be the one-note stuff from you that has already grown old. Like I said, ironically, on this one, you have made yourself into the kind of poster invested in a position with regard to a prospect much like the Stubbs detractors were. Frankly, it's not a good look for you.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Press release from Business Wire
JPMorgan Chase Announces Release of Its 2013 Dodd-Frank Act Stress Test Results
Thursday, March 07, 2013
JPMorgan Chase Announces Release of Its 2013 Dodd-Frank Act Stress Test Results19:36 EST Thursday, March 07, 2013 NEW YORK (Business Wire) -- JPMorgan Chase & Co. (NYSE: JPM) announced today that it has released the results of its "company-run" 2013 Dodd-Frank Act Stress Test for JPMorgan Chase & Co. The information is available on the firm's website at www.jpmorganchase.com under Investor Relations, Investor Presentations. JPMorgan Chase & Co. (NYSE: JPM) is a leading global financial services firm with assets of $2.4 trillion and operations worldwide. The firm is a leader in investment banking, financial services for consumers, small business and commercial banking, financial transaction processing, asset management and private equity. A component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average, JPMorgan Chase & Co. serves millions of consumers in the United States and many of the world's most prominent corporate, institutional and government clients under its J.P. Morgan and Chase brands. Information about JPMorgan Chase & Co. is available at www.jpmorganchase.com. JPMorgan Chase & Co.Investors:Sarah Youngwood, 212-270-7325orMedia:Joe Evangelisti, 212-270-7438


text:
Bogs Women's Classic High Boot
Products on Sale are Discontinued Styles or Colors.
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- Comfort rated from temperate to -40° F
- Internal midsole with rubber sponge delivers extra cushion and warmth
This product can only be shipped within the United States. Please don't hate us.
custy reviews
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I had a pair of rain boots that were 2x as expensive and absolutely everybody and their kids wear them, so those were the ones I bought. Oh how wrong I was, they lasted less than 1 rainy season before getting holes in the soles (that rhymes), and the warranty expired. I even bought the inserts for extra warmth, also not cheap, but those other boots were huge disappointment. i'm not going to lie, due to their price I was really disappointed.But then I bought these boots, they are amazing. I've had them for two years now. Yes the souls are wearing. But I do work outside all day every day so I'm happy to get two years out of them and then purchase them next year again. Such a better brand than the one that rhymes with "shmunter"
I love my Bogs boots! Unfortunately, they're a bit tight, so I'm ordering 1 size larger -- the ad gives fair warning about this possibility, in the sizing section, so it's all good. The boots are very sturdy, and I can tell they'll stand up well to horrible conditions. I just need a little more room, particularly since I plan on wearing these with thicker socks when it gets colder. I really do like the moosejaw.com website -- very informative about the products, and with a great sense of humor. I also had an online chat with a rep. by the name of "Gandalf," and said rep. was very helpful in telling me how to return the order (a truly mah-velous wizard)! I will definitely be buying more things from Moosejaw in the near future. I love the logo as well. Too cool! I would say that overall, you can't go wrong with Bogs boots. A great product, just be aware of sizing!
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text:
A genuine detection part for a product formed by a label with a continually repeating pattern and with a sticker over the pattern. The position of the sticker is converted to a number, and encrypted with a private key, to form a signature. The product is only legitimate if the signature matches the position of the sticker on the pattern.
1. A method comprising:
marking a position on a preprinted pattern that has recognizable portions to form a marked pattern, wherein said marking comprises placing a sticker on a portion of said preprinted pattern, wherein said pattern is a continuously repeating preprinted pattern with multiple different recognizable shapes that continuously repeat;
using a computer which includes a computer program for obtain a numerical value based on a position where said sticker is placed on said preprinted and continually repeating pattern, where said numerical value corresponds to a placement of the sticker on the portion, said numerical value including at least a first numerical part representing which of a plurality of said different shapes on the preprinted pattern are marked, and a second numerical part representing an orientation of the sticker on said shapes; and
using a private encrypting key on said computer for encrypting said numerical value, to form an encrypted signature that is based on where said sticker is placed on said pattern including which of said shapes are marked and the orientation.
2. The method as in
3. The method as in
4. The method as in
5. The method as in
6. A method comprising:
marking a position on a preprinted pattern, wherein said pattern is a continuously repeating preprinted pattern with multiple different recognizable shapes that continuously repeat, said marking forming a marked pattern, wherein said marking comprises placing a sticker on a portion of said preprinted pattern;
obtaining a numerical value that indicates a position where said continuously repeating pattern is marked, said numerical value including at least a first numerical part representing which of a plurality of said different shapes on the preprinted pattern are marked, and a second numerical part representing an orientation of the sticker on said shapes;
using a private encrypting key for encrypting said numerical value that indicates said position on said pattern, to form an encrypted signature that is based on said position of said marking on said continuously repeating pattern and producing a visual indication of said encrypted signature; and
obtaining a picture of said marked pattern that includes the position where the preprinted pattern is marked on said continuously repeating pattern and said encrypted signature from a communication device on a server, and sending a response from said server, said response from said server indicative of whether said encrypted signature matches said marked pattern and also that information in said picture does not match other pictures that have been previously analyzed.
7. A computer system comprising: a computer processing means for creating a legitimacy mark; a printing means for printing said legitimacy mark; said legitimacy mark including a preprinted pattern that has multiple recognizable portions thereon, at least one of which portions is marked to form a marked pattern by placing a sticker on a portion of said preprinted pattern, wherein said pattern continuously repeats and includes multiple different shapes that are each recognizable; and an encrypted signature that is encrypted based on a numerical value obtained from the marked pattern using a private encrypting key that encrypts said numerical value related to a position of said marking, with an indicia of said encrypted signature being located adjacent said marked pattern, and said numerical value is determined by assigning a numerical designation to which of said recognizable shapes within said repeating pattern are marked, where said numerical value corresponds to a placement of the sticker on the portion, including at least a first numerical part representing which of a plurality of said shapes on the preprinted pattern are marked, and a second numerical part representing an orientation of the sticker on said shapes.
8. The computer system as in
9. The computer system as in
10. A method comprising:
receiving a picture of information indicative of a product that has been marked with a genuinity code including a pattern portion that has recognizable portions, and a marking portion overlaying said pattern portion, wherein said marking portion is a sticker over said pattern portion;
wherein said pattern portion is a portion of a continuous sheet that includes a preprinted repeating and period pattern, with multiple different recognizable shapes that continuously repeat;
receiving an encrypted signature indicative of a location where said marking portion overlays said pattern portion, said encrypted signature encrypted using a private encrypting key for encrypting a value related to said pattern portion and said marking portion to form said encrypted signature that is based on a marked position where said marking portion overlays said pattern;
wherein said using comprises determining a numerical value based on said marked position on the pattern, where said numerical value corresponds to a placement of the sticker on the portion, including at least a first numerical part representing which of a plurality of said shapes on the pattern are marked, and a second numerical part representing an orientation of the sticker on said shapes;
determining, in a server, if said information in said picture matches another picture that has been previously analyzed according to a threshold; and
returning an indication of whether said genuity code represents a genuine article only if both said location where said marking portion overlays said pattern portion matches information in said signature and also that said information in said picture does not match said another picture that has been previously analyzed.
This application is related to Ser. No. 11/688,801, filed Mar. 20, 2007.
Counterfeit name brand items are prevalent. Sometimes the counterfeit items use packaging that is identical to the legitimate version, and virtually undetectable from the packaging of the authentic item. For example, counterfeit name brand items such as perfumes, ink cartridges, toner cartridges, and other consumables, sunglasses, clothing, women's purses and the others, may be made in a way where the packaging is impossible to detect from the original.
Sometimes, even legitimate retailers are fooled. Many retailers buy through wholesalers or other middlemen. Unless the reseller gets the product directly from the manufacturer, they may be fooled by a good copy from their supplier. Even when the retailers think they are buying from the manufacturer, they may be fooled by a phishing or other scam into buying counterfeit items.
The problem is even worse for consumers. Consumers can virtually never be sure that an item they are buying is genuine. Virtually any kind of packaging can be copied by a sufficiently determined copier.
The present application describes using a cryptography application to ensure that an item is genuine.
In an embodiment, a repeating pattern is used, and a code is formed by a placement of a label on the pattern. The placement of the label becomes random. The placement of the label is used to form a second code, using a public key encryption system. Only the legitimate manufacturer has the private key. Therefore, only the legitimate manufacturer can use their private key to form the second code.
Any user, however, can get the public key, and can use that public key to verify that the second code is actually formed from the first code and is actually genuine.
Structure is described herein for determining this. According to one aspect, a clearinghouse system or trusted website system is used. A user can take a photograph of the codes, and send them to the trusted website. In one aspect, the photograph can be taken from a user's personal communication system such as a PDA or cell phone, which carries out a communication such as email or telephone call at a different time.
Another embodiment may use a dedicated scanner system in order to test authenticity of the items.
An embodiment is shown in
The chaos portion is a portion which is formed totally or partially using random processes. The properties of chaos cause the code to include a layout which is wholly chaotic, and cannot be reproduced or regularized by any function. Example chaotic functions which can be used may include for example, a drip from water or some other fluid like ink. Details of spray from a nozzle, such as an inkjet nozzle or other nozzle can be used. Crack patterns that cause or are formed in certain materials drying can be used. Therefore, an ink can be sprayed on with specified functions that cause it to crack according to random processes. Similarly, a polymer or other curing material can be used to form crack patterns or other texture patterns. Many other chaotic or random functions are known. An important feature of the chaos function is that it will form a non-predictable part each time. There is no way for an attempted copier to reproduce any specific chaos function. While two of the functions may be the same through coincidence, there is no way to predict what the function will be in advance or to force it to be the same as some other function.
The code portion 120 is a printed value that is representative of information in the chaos function, encrypted using the private key of a public key system. Alternatively, any cryptographic system can be used. For example, there are many cryptographic systems which are in effect one-way: the public has the capability of carrying out one function on them but not the other. A typical use for such cryptographic systems is in a public key system, where at least some users are given the public key, and can hence decode messages that are encoded using the owner's private key. However, only the authorized user can encode those messages using their own private key.
A one-way private function is used to form the code 120. In one embodiment, a bitmap image of the chaotic function may be formed, and that bitmap image is then encoded using the private key. Other embodiments may obtain different information indicative of the chaos function, and encode that information using the private key to form the code. The code 120 may be printed as a number, or any machine-readable function. For example, this may use a barcode; either one or two-dimensional, or may use any other image based system that can encode information.
In one particular embodiment, both the code portion 120 and the chaos portion 110 are stickers that are stuck onto the printed part. This all may be formed as one unit. In addition, while the above shows embodiments where the chaos portion is a specified portion of the label, the chaos portion may actually be part of the object, e.g. part of the design on the object itself, or the way that the material seams meet or fit, or some other function. Alternatively, it can be printed anywhere.
Note that even though an image of the chaos portion is obtained for purposes of authenticity verification, an image inherently cannot be securely used for the chaos portion in this embodiment. The chaos portion must be formed naturally, so that the chaotic processes change the way the portion looks. An image can be electronically manipulated, and hence could be manipulated to have any desired characteristic. While the user may obtain an image of that chaotic portion in order to decode it, the chaotic portion itself is preferably not an image. For example, it may be a polymer or the like or other things described above, and the look of that chaos portion is what is imaged.
The above describes a few different chaos portions that can be used. However, it is contemplated that many and much more difficult-to-copy chaos portions can be used. The key is that the portion is in effect random, so that a user cannot simply copy it.
The computer operates as follows. At 300, the computer images the chaos portion, forming an image thereof. The image is preferably a bitmap, taken at high resolution. At 310, the image is reduced. This can use any of a number of different techniques of reducing the image. In an embodiment, the image can be reduced according to minutia, so only minutia that have a certain relevance level are maintained in the image. For example, the 10 most relevant image portions may be used. An alternative system may reduce the image according to only specified parts, so only specified features at specified geographic portions of the image may be used. For example, the feature closest to the top right corner may be used, along with the feature closest to the geometrical center. This may also be maintained as a secret, so that the forger does not know which portions of the image are used.
At 320, the private key is used to encrypt those features from the image. As an alternative, specified features of the image may be used to form a number, for example a number of cracks in the image, an average texture of the image, ratios between different parts in the image, average spacing between the items in the image, and the like.
At 330, those features which are encrypted are formed into some readable form, preferably a machine-readable form. The form may be for example, any kind of machine-readable code that represents information. In the embodiment, this may use a barcode type system, which is printed at 330.
An important part of the operation is how this can be used to verify the authenticity of the object.
The image information is sent to the trusted website, which carries out an authenticity operation.
As an alternative, the embodiment of
If the least-mean-squares comparison is successful, an indication of pass is returned at 540, otherwise an indication of fail is returned at 541.
Another embodiment operates using the same techniques, but using code 110 that is not necessarily be chaotic. For example, code 110 may be one of a plurality of different first codes. As one example, there may be a thousand different first codes. Either the UPC or the printed part may then include some identifier, such as the date. The code is then formed as a one-way code indicative of the first code concatenated with the date.
This embodiment as the conceivable disadvantage that it may be simpler to copy. If an illegal copier obtains one of the codes, they can copy it exactly, to create other ones. However, this exact copy will be difficult to make, and may take time. This system can still produce fairly good and sophisticated protection, since the copier will only be able to exactly copy what is already been produced.
In this second embodiment, for example, the code 110 can be a code which is simply a string of numbers encoded into a barcode. The string of numbers can be a random number, and can be intended to be used only once. In that way, the database can recognize that the code is being pirated, and deactivate the use of that code.
Another embodiment is shown in
An embodiment uses a sticker to mark a portion of the pattern. Other embodiments may mark the pattern portion in other ways, e.g., with a marker such as a pen or printer, or with a punch that removes a portion.
A repeating pattern 600 is formed. The repeating pattern may include plural geometric shapes such as 602,604. The geometric shapes can be in different locations, and each geometric shape may be individually recognizable both from its shape, its size, and its position. Another aspect however, may put readable information on parts of the pattern. For example, different areas of the pattern may be colored in complimentary colors to display a message. That message can be, for example, a manufacture date, a use-by date, or the like.
A pattern of shapes in different locations is formed. The pattern of shapes repeats after an interval. However, the repeating areas may have the same shapes, but in different colors. Area 610 may be in a first color, here red, while area 620 is in a second color here green, and area 630 is blue. The pattern continually repeats along the entire roll and the color sequence also repeats.
In operation, as shown in
A sticker 705 is placed at a random location on the pattern. The sticker 705 can be one of a number of different shapes, as taken off a group of stickers that each defines different shapes. It can be a single shape. The orientation of the sticker, however, will vary, since it is randomly placed. The sticker can also include a hologram or a transparent spot.
The authorized manufacturer obtains an image of the area 700 on a label 701, with the sticker 705 thereon.
In operation, an imager, such as a cellular telephone or the like 710 may obtain an image of the entire scene including the number, send it to a server, which validates the image and sends back a valid or invalid indication of authenticity. Security from this system is obtained from the encryption and the difficulty in copying the area and sticker. The place where the label is selected and where the sticker is chosen, are in essence random. Accordingly, the only way that an infringer can copy this is to copy the signature exactly. This becomes extremely difficult from the fact that the sticker 705 would have to be put in the same place each time.
In addition, since the information is sent to the server, the server can affect reject images that are too similar to other images that have been seen in the past, and flag those images as likely counterfeits.
Another embodiment is illustrated in
Another part of
Another embodiment may also print the use by date in readable characters, and tie the coding of those characters to the encrypted part.
Another embodiment, shown in
Although only a few embodiments have been disclosed in detail above, other embodiments are possible and the inventor intends these to be encompassed within this specification. The specification describes specific examples to accomplish a more general goal that may be accomplished in another way. This disclosure is intended to be exemplary, and the claims are intended to cover any modification or alternative which might be predictable to a person having ordinary skill in the art. For example, the above describes only a specific type of one-way code, but there are many more sophisticated one-way codes that can be used. The above also describes the use of different kinds of information readers, but it should be understood that other kinds of information readers can alternatively be used. The above describes certain features, e.g., geometric features, but it should be understood that other features can be used. Also, the preferred application is for using these in detecting authentic goods, but different applications are also contemplated such as in tickets for events, and other authentication.
Also, the inventor intends that only those claims which use the words "means for" are intended to be interpreted under 35 USC 112, sixth paragraph. Moreover, no limitations from the specification are intended to be read into any claims, unless those limitations are expressly included in the claims. The computers described herein may be any kind of computer, either general purpose, or some specific purpose computer such as a workstation. The computer may be an Intel (e.g., Pentium or Core 2 duo) or AMD based computer, running Windows XP or Linux, or may be a Macintosh computer. The computer may also be a handheld computer, such as a PDA, cellphone, or laptop.
The programs may be written in C, or Java, Brew or any other programming language. The programs may be resident on a storage medium, e.g., magnetic or optical, e.g. the computer hard drive, a removable disk or media such as a memory stick or SD media, or other removable medium. The programs may also be run over a network, for example, with a server or other machine sending signals to the local machine, which allows the local machine to carry out the operations described herein.
Where a specific numerical value is mentioned herein, it should be considered that the value may be increased or decreased by 20%, while still staying within the teachings of the present application, unless some different range is specifically mentioned.
Patent Citations
Original Image


text: Your Money Your Black Friday Shopping Agenda November 24, 2006 Black Friday, the day after Thanksgiving, is one of the busiest shopping days of the year. Tech contributer Mario Armstrong recommends what stores to hit first. Listen Loading… Playlist Download Embed Embed Close embed modal <iframe src="http://www.npr.org/player/embed/6533685/6533686" width="100%" height="290" frameborder="0" scrolling="no">


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Never again should it be possible to say " we didn't know." No one should be invisible. This is the world we want – a world that counts. The Secretary-General's Independent Expert Advisory Group on … Continue reading
Category Archives: Updates
A World That Counts: Mobilising The Data Revolution for Sustainable Development
Report: Assessing Progress in Africa Toward the Millennium Development Goals
While an increasing number of Africans are enjoying higher living standards, countries in Sub-Saharan Africa should redouble efforts to ensure crises such as the current Ebola outbreak in West Africa do not reverse development achievements, … Continue reading
MDG 8 Report: The State of the Global Partnership for Development
In its latest report, the MDG Gap Task Force found much progress towards achieving the goals set under MDG 8. There was a notable increase in official development assistance, a breakthrough in trade negotiations in … Continue reading
"MDGs- We must finish the job." says UN Secretary-General
Launching new report, MDG Advocates outline challenges and opportunities for achieving the Millennium Development Goals by end of 2015 Led by the Prime Minister of Norway and President of the Republic of Rwanda, the MDG … Continue reading
United Nations Millennium Campaign and Microsoft Announce Partnership to take on Data Revolution
New York, NY – Wednesday 24th September 2014: New visualizations of 15 years worth of data on the Millennium Development Goals, five million citizen voices on the next development agenda and over two hundred million … Continue reading
Celebrating 5 million votes on MY World- the largest survey ever
THANKS A (FIVE) MILLION! Thanks to everybody's outstanding efforts- MY World has hit the 5 million votes mark! This is a historic achievement which means that millions of people – many for the first time … Continue reading
(The Guardian) Lack of toilets blights the lives of 2.5bn people
UN deputy secretary general says failure to address sanitation and open defecation threatens disaster for third of humanity By Sam Jones. Originally published in The Guardian. Toilets: 2.5bn people go without – a 99-second video … Continue reading
Proposal for Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Take a look at the latest proposal for the Sustainable Development Goals to replace the Millennium Development Goals: Introduction to the Proposal of The Open Working Group for Sustainable Development Goals 1. The Rio+ outcome … Continue reading
Join us in Remembering Mandela
Friday is Mandela Day! "What counts in life is not the mere fact that we have lived. It is what difference we have made to the lives of others." -Nelson Mandela Every year on Mandela's … Continue reading
The Millennium Development Goals Report 2014
The Millennium Development Goals have been the most successful global anti-poverty push in history. This report examines the latest progress towards achieving the MDGs. It reaffirms that the MDGs have made a profound difference in … Continue reading


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The IBM Data Governance Council is launching a year-long initiative to try to develop a taxonomy to describe risk in the XBRL business data language.
Securities and Exchange Commission is encouraging companies to start filing their financial reports in XBRL format in hopes that filings will be more transparent and accessible.
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The University of Miami Ear Institute Hearing Aid Center offers hearing aid services to the public for people of all ages. The provide comprehensive hearing evaluations, hearing aid sales and selection and a variety of treatment options while offering customized products to meet individuals' needs. This is the largest hearing aid dispensary in Southeast Florida.
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Men's Basketball Looks To Extend Winning Streak In Hawai'i
Jan. 27, 2014
Long Beach, Calif. -
Complete Long Beach State Game Notes (Hawai'i)
Game: Long Beach State at Hawai'i
The Last Meeting
February 7, 2013
Honolulu, Hawaii
Junior Mike Caffey received Preseason All-Big West honors, one of six players picked one season after earning First-Team All-Big West honors as a sophomore. Caffey is leading the 49ers in scoring with 16.5 points per game, ranking sixth in the Big West and has scored over 20 points six times on the year, most recently against CSUN in Saturday's 76-62 win. Caffey is also leading the team with 81 assists, and is third in rebounding with 4.5 boards per game. His 34.47 minutes per game average is also the highest in the Big West this season. Caffey passed 900 points scored in his career against the Matadors, and is closing in on becoming Long Beach State's 23rd 1,000 point scorer.
Since the arrival of Travis Hammonds and Tyler Lamb, success hasn't been too far away; defensively, the team has been competitive, making the team's offensive output the key to victory. The key number is shooting 35%; Since Dec. 19, the team is 6-0 when passing that number while going 0-3 when shooting under that mark.
The 49ers have cleaned up their ball-handling over their last 14 games, and it has resulted in better success on the floor. After averaging almost 15 turnovers per game in the first five contests, Long Beach State has averaged 10.1 turnovers per game, nearly five less per game after their 1-4 start. LBSU also leads the league in turnover margin at +4.8 through five games.
Senior Dan Jennings continues to put up big numbers for the 49ers in his final season. Jennings ranks fourth in the Big West in rebounding with 7.6 rebounds per game, and is third on the 49ers with 10.2 points per game. Three times Jennings has led the 49ers in scoring, and has topped the team in rebounding 11 times in 2013-14, including recording his fifth double-double of the year last Saturday with 14 points and 11 rebounds. Jennings also became the first 49er in two years to have a perfect day from the field, shooting 6-for-6 against the Matadors.
After scoring 12 points against Loyola Marymount, junior A.J. Spencer has secured a spot in the starting lineup, scoring in double-figures in eight of the last 14 games. The junior college transfer scored a career-high 19 points against Montana State-Billings, and is fourth on the team with an 8.3 ppg average.
Junior college transfer David Samuels picked up his second double-double of the year against UC Davis, putting up 10 points and 10 rebounds against the Aggies. Samuels finished with 15 points and 11 rebounds at NC State while recording his first double-double earlier in the season. His 5.6 rebounds per game rank 13th in the Big West, and second on the team behind Jennings.
Originally serving as a backup to Mike Caffey, Branford Jones forced his way into the starting lineup as an extra ball-handler against VCU, and responded with a breakout game, scoring 19 points in 37 minutes with just one turnover against VCU's havoc defense. The redshirt freshman is continuing to showcase much of the promise the guard showed before going down with an ankle injury in the first game of the year last season. Jones currently ranks seventh on the team in scoring, averaging 4.8 points per game and is second on the team with 40 assists.
The 49ers also bring in freshman Travis Hammonds, who will join Long Beach State after enrolling for the spring semester. Hammonds is a 6-6 guard who hails from Columbia, S.C., and had an outstanding game against UCI, leading The Beach with 12 points. His true breakout came Saturday against UC Davis however, scoring 20 points on 7-of-9 shooting with six rebounds, four assists and three steals to lead the 49ers over the Aggies.
Charles Lockett remains on a redshirt year, and senior forward Edgar Garibay is out for the year with an ACL tear. Nick Shepherd is the latest injury casualty, out with a wrist fracture, and will remain on the sidelines indefinitely.
2012-13 All-Big West selection Christian Standhardinger and Isaac Fotu provide Hawai'i with a steller frontcourt, one of the best pairs in the conference. Standhardinger is averaging 18.2 points and 7.7 rebounds per game, while Fotu is second on the squad in each category with 14.9 points and 6.3 rebounds per contest.
Long Beach State leads the all-time series 7-6 against the newest member of the Big West. The 49ers won the first five games between the teams leading up to 1978, but lost five of six before the Hawai'i joining the Big West in 2012-13. The teams split last year's meetings, with the 49ers winning 76-72 at home behind a 18 point, six assist performance from Mike Caffey.
The 49ers have had a tough time in Hawaii, losing five straight, with the last win for Long Beach State coming under Jerry Tarkanian in 1970. In last year's road game, the first as conference foes, the Rainbow Warriors dominated the first half, taking a 53-20 lead on the way to a 94-73 rout.
Shop for 49ers Gear
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YIELD: Makes about 3 cups
ACTIVE TIME: 15 minutes
TOTAL TIME: 30 minutes
Bring frozen berries and sugar to simmer in heavy large saucepan over medium-high heat, stirring often. Simmer 1 minute. Stir 1 tablespoon lemon juice and cornstarch in small bowl until cornstarch dissolves. Add to berries and stir until thickened, about 1 minute. Mix in remaining 1 tablespoon lemon juice and lemon peel. Cool slightly. Serve warm or at room temperature. DO AHEAD: Sauce can be made up to 3 days ahead. Cover and chill. Rewarm slightly before serving.


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Darren YoungFrederick Douglas Rosser III
- Birthdate: 11/02/1983 (age 31)
- Height: 6'1"
- Weight: 239 Ib
He is the first WWE performer to come out publi...
This is the second time WWE has had a line like this. The first had shirts with insider terminology (jobber, kayfabe) which quickly went to the clearance section and were never seen again.
-- Darren Young injured his knee and could be out until October.
Young tweeted: "Great minds discuss ideas. Average minds discuss events. Small minds discuss people. Young is 100% @WWE! #ClearYoung #PTP2Mania #MOD A wise man once said ,"The 2 most powerful warriors are patience and time." Well who's got the time 2 b patient! #ClearYoung #StrongPTP 100%"


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For whatever reason (maybe just my perception) I'm shocked to see Yohn as the #5 and a little surprised to see Nick Dardanes as the #2, then like others have already mentioned Chris Dardanes at the #7 stuck out as well.
RIP Jacob Schlottke - 1984-2011
"If Cornell finishes ahead of Iowa with five all americans I'll jump into the Des Moines River after finals." -Herkey#1 8/16/12
Learn something new everyday. But dang MN has had it hard this year. First the MN backache hit the team, then the flu, then Lupis! Thats a tough year for the Gophers.
Does C Dardanes have lupus? This thread is the first I've heard of someone having lupus on the team.
Like you've never had Mono.
"He beat nobodies..Thorn at 133 won't be great, R12 or worse imo...
I just don't see it...David Thorn is not elite. I don't think he'll place"


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Suns' P.J. Tucker fined $5,000 for flop vs. Nuggets Tuesday (VIDEO)
Feb 19, 2014, 4:52 PM EDT
The NBA continues to look at better ways to punish flopping and get players to think twice — they are going to be more aggressive with technical foul calls for flops in the D-League starting Thursday — but for now the NBA will continue it's slap-on-the-wrist fines.
The latest one goes to P.J. Tucker of the Phoenix Suns, the league announced Wednesday. Tucker has been $5,000 for a flop against the Denver Nuggets Tuesday.
You can see the play above. With less than two minutes left in the fourth quarter Goran Dragic was driving from the left wing and was forced into a reverse layup, while Tucker was in a prime rebounding position in front. Kenneth Faried of Denver came up behind Tucker and tried to body him and get rebounding position, and after a relatively light tap Tucker launched forward into the stantion like he was hit by a linebacker. Tucker had been warned for flopping earlier this season by the league.
Tucker becomes the fifth NBA player fined for flopping this season, joining James Harden, Lance Stephenson, Mario Chalmers and Corey Brewer.
- bucrightoff - Feb 19, 2014 at 4:57 PM
Amazing that Ginobli, LeBron and Chris Paul have not been fined for flopping seeing as they're the troika of floppers.
- casualcommenter - Feb 19, 2014 at 5:56 PM
They've all been warned at least once for flopping, but no fines for a big star yet.
That's another reason why in-game penalties could potentially be better than post-game fines. The NBA has been reluctant to fine star players, so fans who want to see real punishment need to hope that in-game referees are more determined to punish this.
I've seen plenty of stars get called for technicals. I believe Durant was among the league leaders in technicals last year. So making flopping a reviewable technical foul could see stars punished more readily.
- jcmeyer10 - Feb 19, 2014 at 5:24 PM
The day I take the anti-flopping rhetoric seriously is when one of those guys gets fined. Until then it's all a bunch of hooey.
- hildezero - Feb 19, 2014 at 10:30 PM
There wasn't another video with sound?
- opinevain - Feb 20, 2014 at 8:38 AM
LeBron was fined in the playoffs last year if i'm not mistaken
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Word of the day / Neshika: Kiss kiss bake bake
What do two Hebrew-speaking loaves of bread do when they haven't seen each other in a long time? They kiss.
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The end of a loaf of bread has quite a lot of nicknames in the United States, including "heel," "crust," "nose," "butt" and, of course, "end," according to the 2003 Harvard Dialect Survey, which examines how word usage correlates with geographic location. One of the words that just barely made the list was "shpitzel," which comes up in a few...
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other technologies need to be developed for high-performance HMD-tracking applications requiring both accurate registration and fast dynamics. A particularly promising combination is an all-inertial orientation tracker combined with a hybrid inertial-acoustic position tracker.
Eye-movement trackers An ideal eye tracker would satisfy three requirements: linear response over a large range (roughly 50 deg), high bandwidth (1 kHz), and tolerance to relative motion of the head. To date, no devices satisfy all three requirements. The CCD imaging systems such as ISCAN have a reasonably linear response, but the sampling rates are too low and range is limited to about 20 deg. The infrared reflection devices have the bandwidth, but are linear only in a small range; calibration to overcome their nonlinear responses is difficult.
Characterization methods One of the most confusing issues when considering which position-tracking solution to adopt is the lack of agreement on the meaning of the performance specifications and how they should be measured. Standards need to be set defining how to measure accuracy, resolution, latency, bandwidth, sensitivity to interference, and jitter. Equipment for making in-house measurements should be made commercially available, and the establishment of an independent testing laboratory would also be beneficial so that consumers would not be forced to rely on manufacturer's specifications, which usually have little relation to actual performance.


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Registered Member
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Posted On:
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Style: Korean Krotty--
Lakewood may as well be Long Beach these days. Too many damn cities around here as it is. Its like a housing tract can up and be its own city these days ala Signal Hill.
I graduated from Huntington Beach, but am now living off cherry and Broadway in LB. So many great schools around here to train at, but sadly I am not really familiar with the IE. I just go out there to shoot guns at the old olympic range at Prado. Look for Clyde though if you are still interested in Kenpo, have heard lots of good things about him and his students.
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TryKickboxingNow.com - Free Internet Marketing for Kickboxing Programs! Style: BJJ--
They suck horrible balls and are one of the worst orginizations around. Their "martial art" is Kempo but they have an identity crisis and like to be associated with "Shaolin Kung-Fu" which is even more bullshit.
I taught there and they suck balls. Trust me dont ever do it. Anyone!
Sexiest Punching Bag Alive
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Style: BJJ/Judo/Boxing--
The best way to use martial arts to get into shape and stay physically fit is to train like you are going to compete. You do not have to compete, but training like you are preparing for a judo/bjj/ or mma competition will get you in shape and keep you in shape. So out of your list, I recomend judo.
Injury Waiting To Happen
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8/29/2006 9:40am--Originally Posted by aikiguyRead this for flexibility and injury prevention, this, this and this for supplementation, this on grip conditioning, and this on staph. New: On strenght standards, relationships and structural balance. Shoulder problems? Read this.
My crapuous vlog and my blog of training, stuff and crap. NEW: Me, Mrs. Macho and our newborn baby.
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The street argument is retarded. BJJ is so much overkill for the street that its ridiculous. Unless you're the idiot that picks a fight with the high school wrestling team, barring knife or gun play, the opponent shouldn't make it past double leg + ground and pound - Osiris
Style: TSD-MDK, BJJ--Originally Posted by aikiguy
Is this "KipDynamite"?????


text:
Cheers for that, will pass message on to wife and kids.
My OH kept telling me a guy from Windows Service Center keeps ringing wanting her to switch on the PC and guide her through a process because she had downloaded malware. She kept telling him she has no idea about computers and ring back another time when I was home.
I just popped home for lunch and here we go. A guy with a very strong asian accent tells me that the motherboard of my PC is in danger. He asks me to switch on the PC. First I ask him which company he is calling from and he says "Windows Service Center", then I ask him where he got my name and phone number from and he says "From your service provider".
At that point I knew he was up to no good as BT would not give Microsoft my details as it's against the Data Protection Act, but thought I trap him.
Ok, I say, which PC should I switch on ?
He says "the older one". I ask which one of the older ones, I have three. He insists it's the oldest one, the one with Windows XP on it. I tell him I can't, it's broken. He asks me to switch the other older one on, the one with XP on it. I tell him I don't have Windows XP, he says it must be Windows Vista then, I tell him I don't have Vista neither. Then he says it must be the new one, he thinks the messages they are getting are from the new PC, I tell him thats fine I go switch it on.
He asks me to click start, I say, sorry no start button. He struggles and gets himself into a muddle when I ask him where this start button is supposed to be on a Linux machine. Then he starts making excuses that he must have dialed the wrong number.
I pin him down and tell him he has my name and number from my service provider, so how can I be the wrong person ?
He struggles for an excuse and suddenly the line goes dead. 1471 tells me the caller withheld their number. How come I am not surprised about that ?
No idea what he wanted to do to my PC and what he was trying to sell me, but if somebody from a "Windows Service Center" rings you, tell them to take you off their calling list and never ring you again. They have to comply as it's against the law otherwise.
Thought I warn people as if you have no idea about PC's you can easily believe what he was saying. My OH may have done, but I deal with everything PC related....
Cheers for that, will pass message on to wife and kids.
Gotta be gullable believing such rubbish
dad got a call from them the other day, saying they had been receiving fault reports (and he has been sending them) from his pc and they wanted to check his firewall configuration. this would require him switching off his firewall to enable them to access his system.
that is wat this call is all about, once you have allowd them that access, even after your firewall is back on, they can still access your machine, and get every piece of info they want, like bank logins etc. dad said to call back later as he didnt understand it enough and would get his son to look at it. nobody ever called back, however given that one of his sons is a microsoft qualified engineer and and another has 30 years experience as a computer engineer...... well you get the picture!! the caller would have been told were to get off!!!
If you want something said, ask a man. If you want something done, ask a woman - Margaret Thatcher
I had a same call yesterday an asian gentleman saying he was from the computer maintenance centre and that my computer had been sending them faults.
Straight away alarm bells starting going off, I hung up on him.
I have to say that I don't normally answer the phone when the international shows up or withheld, but was waiting for a phone yesterday and just assumed that it was that.
My hubby got a call the day before yesterday and after leading them down the garden path a bit he was acting as if he hadnt a clue what they were on about then he told them we didnt have a computer, the line then went dead- suprisingly!
I got to the Windows Vista part of Stefan's post and was thinking, "I bet telling them he uses Linux would get rid of them!"
If I were to get any of these calls I'll just tell them I don't have a PC... I'll also tell them I don't have a phone and hang up... I love messing with cold callers.
One once asked me what I earned in a year, so I asked him to tell me his salary first. Caller mumbled and hung up.
"People may say what they wish, but we are actually under no compulsion to listen." LJ, and I do so wholeheartedly agree!
iv had that call..........twice! Cant knock em for trying eh!
I let them say their bit cos i love catching them out. First mistake they made, they said they were calling from Windows Service Centre, i asked them to repeat where they were calling from and he said "microsoft for stephen hawking" i say.......dont you mean bill gates? line goes dead!
Are these rascals up to their nonsense again?
I posted about this back in february http://forum.caithness.org/showthread.php?t=100085
It's almost dissapointing that scammers can't actually get what they are talking about right