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In the Name of God, the Compassionate, the Merciful
On the Occasion of the Eid al-Fitr al-Mubarak 1428 A.H. / October 13th 2007 C.E., and on
the One Year Anniversary of the Open Letter of 38 Muslim Scholars to H.H. Pope Benedict XVI,
An Open Letter and Call from Muslim Religious Leaders to:
His Holiness Pope Benedict XVI,
His All-Holiness Bartholomew I, Patriarch of Constantinople, New Rome,
His Beatitude Theodoros II, Pope and Patriarch of Alexandria and All Africa,
His Beatitude Ignatius IV, Patriarch of Antioch and All the East,
His Beatitude Theophilos III, Patriarch of the Holy City of Jerusalem,
His Beatitude Alexy II, Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia,
His Beatitude Pavle, Patriarch of Belgrade and Serbia,
His Beatitude Daniel, Patriarch of Romania,
His Beatitude Maxim, Patriarch of Bulgaria,
His Beatitude Ilia II, Archbishop of Mtskheta-Tbilisi, Catholicos-Patriarch of All Georgia,
His Beatitude Chrisostomos, Archbishop of Cyprus,
His Beatitude Christodoulos, Archbishop of Athens and All Greece,
His Beatitude Sawa, Metropolitan of Warsaw and All Poland,
His Beatitude Anastasios, Archbishop of Tirana, Duerres and All Albania,
His Beatitude Christoforos, Metropolitan of the Czech and Slovak Republics,
His Holiness Pope Shenouda III, Pope of Alexandria and Patriarch of All Africa on the Apostolic Throne of St. Mark,
His Beatitude Karekin II, Supreme Patriarch and Catholicos of All Armenians,
His Beatitude Ignatius Zakka I, Patriarch of Antioch and All the East, Supreme Head of the Universal Syrian Orthodox Church,
His Holiness Mar Thoma Didymos I, Catholicos of the East on the Apostolic Throne of St. Thomas and the Malankara Metropolitan,
His Holiness Abune Paulos, Fifth Patriarch and Catholicos of Ethiopia, Echege of the See of St. Tekle Haymanot, Archbishop of Axium,
His Beatitude Mar Dinkha IV, Patriarch of the Holy Apostolic Catholic Assyrian Church of the East,
The Most Rev. Rowan Williams, Archbishop of Canterbury,
Rev. Mark S. Hanson, Presiding Bishop of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, and President of the Lutheran World Federation,
Rev. George H. Freeman, General Secretary, World Methodist Council,
Rev. David Coffey, President of the Baptist World Alliance,
Rev. Setri Nyomi, General Secretary of the World Alliance of Reformed Churches,
Rev. Dr. Samuel Kobia, General Secretary, World Council of Churches,
And Leaders of Christian Churches, everywhere
A Common Word between Us and You
(Summary and Abridgement)
Muslims and Christians together make up well over half of the worlds population. Without peace and justice between these two religious communities, there can be no meaningful peace in the world. The future of the world depends on peace between Muslims and Christians.
The basis for this peace and understanding already exists. It is part of the very foundational principles of both faiths: love of the One God, and love of the neighbour. These principles are found over and over again in the sacred texts of Islam and Christianity. The Unity of God, the necessity of love for Him, and the necessity of love of the neighbour is thus the common ground between Islam and Christianity. The following are only a few examples:
Of Gods Unity, God says in the Holy Quran: Say: He is God, the One! / God, the Self-Sufficient Besought of all! (Al-Ikhlas, 112:1-2). Of the necessity of love for God, God says in the Holy Quran: So invoke the Name of thy Lord and devote thyself to Him with a complete devotion (Al-Muzzammil, 73:8). Of the necessity of love for the neighbour, the Prophet Muhammad said: None of you has faith until you love for your neighbour what you love for yourself.
In the New Testament, Jesus Christ said: Hear, O Israel, the Lord our God, the Lord is One. / And you shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, with all your soul, with all your mind, and with all your strength. This is the first commandment. / And the second, like it, is this: You shall love your neighbour as yourself. There is no other commandment greater than these. (Mark 12:29-31)
In the Holy Quran, God Most High enjoins Muslims to issue the following call to Christians (and Jewsthe People of the Scripture):
Say: O People of the Scripture! Come to a common word between us and you: that we shall worship none but God, and that we shall ascribe no partner unto Him, and that none of us shall take others for lords beside God. And if they turn away, then say: Bear witness that we are they who have surrendered (unto Him). (Aal Imran 3:64)
The words: we shall ascribe no partner unto Him relate to the Unity of God, and the words: worship none but God, relate to being totally devoted to God. Hence they all relate to the First and Greatest Commandment. According to one of the oldest and most authoritative commentaries on the Holy Quran the words: that none of us shall take others for lords beside God, mean that none of us should obey the other in disobedience to what God has commanded. This relates to the Second Commandment because justice and freedom of religion are a crucial part of love of the neighbour.
Thus in obedience to the Holy Quran, we as Muslims invite Christians to come together with us on the basis of what is common to us, which is also what is most essential to our faith and practice: the Two Commandments of love.
In the Name of God, the Compassionate, the Merciful,
And may peace and blessings be upon the Prophet Muhammad
Call unto the way of thy Lord with wisdom and fair exhortation, and contend with
them in the fairest way. Lo! thy Lord is Best Aware of him who strayeth from His way,
and He is Best Aware of those who go aright.
(The Holy Quran, Al-Nahl, 16:125)
The Testimonies of Faith
The central creed of Islam consists of the two testimonies of faith or Shahadahsi, which state that: There is no god but God, Muhammad is the messenger of God. These Two Testimonies are the sine qua non of Islam. He or she who testifies to them is a Muslim; he or she who denies them is not a Muslim. Moreover, the Prophet Muhammad said: The best remembrance is: There is no god but God
The Best that All the Prophets have Said
Expanding on the best remembrance, the Prophet Muhammad also said: The best that I have saidmyself, and the prophets that came before meis: There is no god but God, He Alone, He hath no associate, His is the sovereignty and His is the praise and He hath power over all thingsiii. The phrases which follow the First Testimony of faith are all from the Holy Quran; each describe a mode of love of God, and devotion to Him.
The words: He Alone, remind Muslims that their heartsiv must be devoted to God Alone, since God says in the Holy Quran: God hath not assigned unto any man two hearts within his body (Al-Ahzab, 33:4). God is Absolute and therefore devotion to Him must be totally sincere.
The words: He hath no associate, remind Muslims that they must love God uniquely, without rivals within their souls, since God says in the Holy Quran: Yet there are men who take rivals unto God: they love them as they should love God. But those of faith are more intense in their love for God
. (Al-Baqarah, 2:165). Indeed, [T]heir flesh and their hearts soften unto the remembrance of God
. (Al-Zumar, 39:23).
The words: His is the sovereignty, remind Muslims that their minds or their understandings must be totally devoted to God, for the sovereignty is precisely everything in creation or existence and everything that the mind can know. And all is in Gods Hand, since God says in the Holy Quran: Blessed is He in Whose Hand is the sovereignty, and, He is Able to do all things (Al-Mulk, 67:1).
The words: His is the praise remind Muslims that they must be grateful to God and trust Him with all their sentiments and emotions. God says in the Holy Quran:
And if thou wert to ask them: Who created the heavens and the earth, and constrained the sun and the moon (to their appointed work)? they would say: God. How then are they turned away ? / God maketh the provision wide for whom He will of His servants, and straiteneth it for whom (He will). Lo! God is Aware of all things. / And if thou wert to ask them: Who causeth water to come down from the sky, and therewith reviveth the earth after its death ? they verily would say: God. Say: Praise be to God! But most of them have no sense. (Al-Ankabut, 29:61-63)v
For all these bounties and more, human beings must always be truly grateful:
God is He Who created the heavens and the earth, and causeth water to descend from the sky, thereby producing fruits as food for you, and maketh the ships to be of service unto you, that they may run upon the sea at His command, and hath made of service unto you the rivers; / And maketh the sun and the moon, constant in their courses, to be of service unto you, and hath made of service unto you the night and the day./ And He giveth you of all ye ask of Him, and if ye would count the graces of God ye cannot reckon them. Lo! man is verily a wrong-doer, an ingrate. (Ibrahim, 14:32-34)vi
Indeed, the Fatihahwhich is the greatest chapter in the Holy Quranviistarts with
praise to God:
In the Name of God, the Infinitely Good, the All-Merciful. /
Praise be to God, the Lord of the worlds. /
The Infinitely Good, the All-Merciful. /
Owner of the Day of Judgement. /
Thee we worship, and Thee we ask for help. /
Guide us upon the straight path. /
The path of those on whom is Thy Grace, not those who deserve anger nor
those who are astray. (Al-Fatihah, 1:1-7)
The Fatihah, recited at least seventeen times daily by Muslims in the canonical prayers, reminds us of the praise and gratitude due to God for His Attributes of Infinite Goodness and All-Mercifulness, not merely for His Goodness and Mercy to us in this life but ultimately, on the Day of Judgementviii when it matters the most and when we hope to be forgiven for our sins. It thus ends with prayers for grace and guidance, so that we might attainthrough what begins with praise and gratitude salvation and love, for God says in the Holy Quran: Lo! those who believe and do good works, the Infinitely Good will appoint for them love. (Maryam, 19:96)
The words: and He hath power over all things, remind Muslims that they must be mindful of Gods Omnipotence and thus fear Godix. God says in the Holy Quran:
[A]nd fear God, and know that God is with the God-fearing. / Spend your wealth for the cause of God, and be not cast by your own hands to ruin; and do good. Lo! God loveth the virtuous. /
. (Al-Baqarah, 2:194-5)
[A]nd fear God, and know that God is severe in punishment. (Al-Baqarah, 2:196)
Through fear of God, the actions, might and strength of Muslims should be totally
devoted to God. God says in the Holy Quran:
[A]nd know that God is with those who fear Him. (Al-Tawbah, 9:36)
. O ye who believe! What aileth you that when it is said unto you: Go forth in the way of God, ye are bowed down to the ground with heaviness. Take ye pleasure in the life of the world rather than in the Hereafter ? The comfort of the life of the world is but little in the Hereafter. / If ye go not forth He will afflict you with a painful doom, and will choose instead of you a folk other than you. Ye cannot harm Him at all. God is Able to do all things. (Al-Tawbah, 9:38-39)
The words: His is the sovereignty and His is the praise and He hath power over
all things, when taken all together, remind Muslims that just as everything in creation
glorifies God, everything that is in their souls must be devoted to God:
All that is in the heavens and all that is in the earth glorifieth God; His is
the sovereignty and His is the praise and He hath power over all things.
(Al-Taghabun, 64:1)
For indeed, all that is in peoples souls is known, and accountable, to God:
He knoweth all that is in the heavens and the earth, and He knoweth what
ye conceal and what ye publish. And God is Aware of what is in the
breasts (of men). (Al-Taghabun, 64:4)
As we can see from all the passages quoted above, souls are depicted in the Holy
Quran as having three main faculties: the mind or the intelligence, which is made for
comprehending the truth; the will which is made for freedom of choice, and sentiment
which is made for loving the good and the beautifulx. Put in another way, we could say
that mans soul knows through understanding the truth, through willing the good, and
through virtuous emotions and feeling love for God. Continuing in the same chapter of
the Holy Quran (as that quoted above), God orders people to fear Him as much as
possible, and to listen (and thus to understand the truth); to obey (and thus to will the
good), and to spend (and thus to exercise love and virtue), which, He says, is better for
our souls. By engaging everything in our soulsthe faculties of knowledge, will, and
lovewe may come to be purified and attain ultimate success:
So fear God as best ye can, and listen, and obey, and spend; that is better
for your souls. And those who are saved from the pettiness of their own
souls, such are the successful. (Al-Taghabun, 64:16)
In summary then, when the entire phrase He Alone, He hath no associate, His is
the sovereignty and His is the praise and He hath power over all things is added to the
testimony of faithThere is no god but Godit reminds Muslims that their hearts, their
individual souls and all the faculties and powers of their souls (or simply their entire
hearts and souls) must be totally devoted and attached to God. Thus God says to the
Prophet Muhammad in the Holy Quran:
Say: Lo! my worship and my sacrifice and my living and my dying are for
God, Lord of the Worlds. / He hath no partner. This am I commanded, and
I am first of those who surrender (unto Him). / Say: Shall I seek another
than God for Lord, when He is Lord of all things? Each soul earneth only
on its own account, nor doth any laden bear anothers load
. (Al-Anam,
These verses epitomize the Prophet Muhammads complete and utter devotion
to God. Thus in the Holy Quran God enjoins Muslims who truly love God to follow this
examplexi, in order in turn to be lovedxii by God:
Say, (O Muhammad, to mankind): If ye love God, follow me; God will love
you and forgive you your sins. God is Forgiving, Merciful. (Aal Imran,
Love of God in Islam is thus part of complete and total devotion to God; it is not a
mere fleeting, partial emotion. As seen above, God commands in the Holy Quran: Say:
Lo! my worship and my sacrifice and my living and my dying are for God, Lord of the
Worlds. / He hath no partner. The call to be totally devoted and attached to God heart
and soul, far from being a call for a mere emotion or for a mood, is in fact an injunction
requiring all-embracing, constant and active love of God. It demands a love in which the
innermost spiritual heart and the whole of the soulwith its intelligence, will and
feelingparticipate through devotion.
None Comes with Anything Better
We have seen how the blessed phrase: There is no god but God, He Alone, He
hath no associate, His is the sovereignty and His is the praise and He hath power over all
thingswhich is the best that all the prophets have saidmakes explicit what is implicit
in the best remembrance (There is no god but God) by showing what it requires and
entails, by way of devotion. It remains to be said that this blessed formula is also in itself
a sacred invocationa kind of extension of the First Testimony of faith (There is no god
but God)the ritual repetition of which can bring about, through Gods grace, some of
the devotional attitudes it demands, namely, loving and being devoted to God with all
ones heart, all ones soul, all ones mind, all ones will or strength, and all ones
sentiment. Hence the Prophet Muhammad commended this remembrance by saying:
He who says: There is no god but God, He Alone, He hath no associate,
His is the sovereignty and His is the praise and He hath power over all
things one hundred times in a day, it is for them equal to setting ten
slaves free, and one hundred good deeds are written for them and one
hundred bad deeds are effaced, and it is for them a protection from the
devil for that day until the evening. And none offers anything better than
that, save one who does more than that.xiii
In other words, the blessed remembrance, There is no god but God, He Alone, He
things, not only requires and implies that Muslims must be totally devoted to God and
love Him with their whole hearts and their whole souls and all that is in them, but
provides a way, like its beginning (the testimony of faith)through its frequent
repetitionxivfor them to realize this love with everything they are.
God says in one of the very first revelations in the Holy Quran: So invoke the
Name of thy Lord and devote thyself to Him with a complete devotion (Al-Muzzammil,
The Shema in the Book of Deuteronomy (6:4-5), a centrepiece of the Old
Testament and of Jewish liturgy, says: Hear, O Israel: The LORD our God, the LORD is
one! / You shall love the LORD your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and
with all your strength.xv
Likewise, in the New Testament, when Jesus Christ, the Messiah , is asked
about the Greatest Commandment, he answers :
But when the Pharisees heard that he had silenced the Sadducees, they
gathered together. / Then one of them, a lawyer, asked Him a question,
testing Him, and saying, / Teacher, which is the great commandment in
the law? / Jesus said to him, You shall love the LORD your God with
all your heart, with all your soul, and with all your mind. / This is the first
and greatest commandment. / And the second is like it: You shall love
your neighbour as yourself. / On these two commandments hang all the
Law and the Prophets. (Matthew 22:34-40)
And also:
Then one of the scribes came, and having heard them reasoning together,
perceiving that he had answered them well, asked him, Which is the first
commandment of all? / Jesus answered him, The first of all the
commandments is: Hear, O Israel, the LORD our God, the LORD is one.
/ And you shall love the LORD your God with all your heart, with all your
soul, with all your mind, and with all your strength. This is the first
commandment. / And the second, like it, is this: You shall love your
neighbour as yourself. There is no other commandment greater than
these. (Mark 12:28-31)
The commandment to love God fully is thus the First and Greatest
Commandment of the Bible. Indeed, it is to be found in a number of other places
throughout the Bible including: Deuteronomy 4:29, 10:12, 11:13 (also part of the Shema),
13:3, 26:16, 30:2, 30:6, 30:10; Joshua 22:5; Mark 12:32-33 and Luke 10:27-28.
However, in various places throughout the Bible, it occurs in slightly different
forms and versions. For instance, in Matthew 22:37 (You shall love the LORD your God
with all your heart, with all your soul, and with all your mind), the Greek word for
heart is kardia, the word for soul is psyche, and the word for mind is dianoia. In
the version from Mark 12:30 (And you shall love the LORD your God with all your heart,
with all your soul, with all your mind, and with all your strength) the word strength is
added to the aforementioned three, translating the Greek word ischus.
The words of the lawyer in Luke 10:27 (which are confirmed by Jesus Christ
in Luke 10:28) contain the same four terms as Mark 12:30. The words of the scribe in
Mark 12:32 (which are approved of by Jesus Christ in Mark 12:34) contain the three
terms kardia (heart), dianoia (mind), and ischus (strength).
In the Shema of Deuteronomy 6:4-5 (Hear, O Israel: The LORD our God, the
LORD is one! / You shall love the LORD your God with all your heart, and with all your
soul, and with all your strength). In Hebrew the word for heart is lev, the word for
soul is nefesh, and the word for strength is meod.
In Joshua 22:5, the Israelites are commanded by Joshua to love God and be
devoted to Him as follows:
But take careful heed to do the commandment and the law which Moses
the servant of the LORD commanded you, to love the LORD your God, to
walk in all His ways, to keep His commandments, to hold fast to Him, and
to serve Him with all your heart and with all your soul. (Joshua 22:5)
What all these versions thus have in commondespite the language differences
between the Hebrew Old Testament, the original words of Jesus Christ in Aramaic,
and the actual transmitted Greek of the New Testamentis the command to love God
fully with ones heart and soul and to be fully devoted to Him. This is the First and
Greatest Commandment for human beings.
In the light of what we have seen to be necessarily implied and evoked by the
Prophet Muhammads blessed saying: The best that I have saidmyself, and the
prophets that came before meis: There is no god but God, He Alone, He hath no
associate, His is the sovereignty and His is the praise and He hath power over all things
xvi, we can now perhaps understand the words The best that I have saidmyself, and the
prophets that came before me as equating the blessed formula There is no god but God,
He Alone, He hath no associate, His is the sovereignty and His is the praise and He hath
power over all things precisely with the First and Greatest Commandment to love God,
with all ones heart and soul, as found in various places in the Bible. That is to say, in
other words, that the Prophet Muhammad was perhaps, through inspiration, restating
and alluding to the Bibles First Commandment. God knows best, but certainly we have
seen their effective similarity in meaning. Moreover, we also do know (as can be seen in
the endnotes), that both formulas have another remarkable parallel: the way they arise in
a number of slightly differing versions and forms in different contexts, all of which,
nevertheless, emphasize the primacy of total love and devotion to God xvii.
There are numerous injunctions in Islam about the necessity and paramount
importance of love forand mercy towardsthe neighbour. Love of the neighbour is an
essential and integral part of faith in God and love of God because in Islam without love
of the neighbour there is no true faith in God and no righteousness. The Prophet
Muhammad said: None of you has faith until you love for your brother what you love
for yourself.xviiiAnd: None of you has faith until you love for your neighbour what you
love for yourself.xix
However, empathy and sympathy for the neighbourand even formal prayers
are not enough. They must be accompanied by generosity and self-sacrifice. God says in
the Holy Quran:
It is not righteousness that ye turn your facesxx to the East and the West;
but righteous is he who believeth in God and the Last Day and the angels
and the Scripture and the prophets; and giveth wealth, for love of Him, to
kinsfolk and to orphans and the needy and the wayfarer and to those who
ask, and to set slaves free; and observeth proper worship and payeth the
poor-due. And those who keep their treaty when they make one, and the
patient in tribulation and adversity and time of stress. Such are they who
are sincere. Such are the pious. (Al-Baqarah 2:177)
Ye will not attain unto righteousness until ye expend of that which ye love.
And whatsoever ye expend, God is Aware thereof. (Aal Imran, 3:92)
Without giving the neighbour what we ourselves love, we do not truly love God
or the neighbour.
We have already cited the words of the Messiah, Jesus Christ , about the
paramount importance, second only to the love of God, of the love of the neighbour:
This is the first and greatest commandment. / And the second is like it:
You shall love your neighbour as yourself. / On these two
commandments hang all the Law and the Prophets. (Matthew 22:38-40)
And the second, like it, is this: You shall love your neighbour as yourself.
There is no other commandment greater than these. (Mark 12:31)
It remains only to be noted that this commandment is also to be found in the Old
You shall not hate your brother in your heart. You shall surely rebuke
your neighbour, and not bear sin because of him. / You shall not take
vengeance, nor bear any grudge against the children of your people, but
you shall love your neighbour as yourself: I am the LORD. (Leviticus
Thus the Second Commandment, like the First Commandment, demands
generosity and self-sacrifice, and On these two commandments hang all the Law and the
A Common Word
Whilst Islam and Christianity are obviously different religionsand whilst there
is no minimising some of their formal differencesit is clear that the Two Greatest
Commandments are an area of common ground and a link between the Quran, the Torah
and the New Testament. What prefaces the Two Commandments in the Torah and the
New Testament, and what they arise out of, is the Unity of Godthat there is only one
God. For the Shema in the Torah, starts: (Deuteronomy 6:4) Hear, O Israel: The LORD
our God, the LORD is one! Likewise, Jesus said: (Mark 12:29) The first of all the
commandments is: Hear, O Israel, the LORD our God, the LORD is one. Likewise,
God says in the Holy Quran: Say: He, God, is One. / God, the Self-Sufficient Besought of
all. (Al-Ikhlas, 112:1-2). Thus the Unity of God, love of Him, and love of the neighbour
form a common ground upon which Islam and Christianity (and Judaism) are founded.
This could not be otherwise since Jesus said: (Matthew 22:40)On these two
commandments hang all the Law and the Prophets. Moreover, God confirms in the
Holy Quran that the Prophet Muhammad brought nothing fundamentally or essentially
new: Naught is said to thee (Muhammad) but what already was said to the messengers
before thee (Fussilat 41:43). And: Say (Muhammad): I am no new thing among the
messengers (of God), nor know I what will be done with me or with you. I do but follow
that which is Revealed to me, and I am but a plain warner (Al-Ahqaf, 46:9). Thus also
God in the Holy Quran confirms that the same eternal truths of the Unity of God, of the
necessity for total love and devotion to God (and thus shunning false gods), and of the
necessity for love of fellow human beings (and thus justice), underlie all true religion:
And verily We have raised in every nation a messenger, (proclaiming):
Worship God and shun false gods. Then some of them (there were) whom
God guided, and some of them (there were) upon whom error had just
hold. Do but travel in the land and see the nature of the consequence for
the deniers! (Al-Nahl, 16:36)
We verily sent Our messengers with clear proofs, and revealed with them
the Scripture and the Balance, that mankind may stand forth in justice
(Al-Hadid, 57:25)
Come to a Common Word!
In the Holy Quran, God Most High tells Muslims to issue the following call to
Christians (and Jewsthe People of the Scripture):
Say: O People of the Scripture! Come to a common word between us and
you: that we shall worship none but God, and that we shall ascribe no
partner unto Him, and that none of us shall take others for lords beside
God. And if they turn away, then say: Bear witness that we are they who
have surrendered (unto Him). (Aal Imran 3:64)
Clearly, the blessed words: we shall ascribe no partner unto Him relate to the
Unity of God. Clearly also, worshipping none but God, relates to being totally devoted to
God and hence to the First and Greatest Commandment. According to one of the oldest
and most authoritative commentaries (tafsir) on the Holy Quranthe Jami Al-Bayan fi
Tawil Al-Quran of Abu Jafar Muhammad bin Jarir Al-Tabari (d. 310 A.H. / 923
C.E.)that none of us shall take others for lords beside God, means that none of us
should obey in disobedience to what God has commanded, nor glorify them by
prostrating to them in the same way as they prostrate to God. In other words, that
Muslims, Christians and Jews should be free to each follow what God commanded them,
and not have to prostrate before kings and the likexxi; for God says elsewhere in the
Holy Quran: Let there be no compulsion in religion
. (Al-Baqarah, 2:256). This clearly
relates to the Second Commandment and to love of the neighbour of which justicexxii and
freedom of religion are a crucial part. God says in the Holy Quran:
God forbiddeth you not those who warred not against you on account of
religion and drove you not out from your homes, that ye should show them
kindness and deal justly with them. Lo! God loveth the just dealers. (Al-
Mumtahinah, 60:8)
We thus as Muslims invite Christians to remember Jesuss words in the
Gospel (Mark 12:29-31):
the LORD our God, the LORD is one. / And you shall love the LORD
your God with all your heart, with all your soul, with all your mind, and
with all your strength. This is the first commandment. / And the second,
like it, is this: You shall love your neighbour as yourself. There is no
other commandment greater than these.
As Muslims, we say to Christians that we are not against them and that Islam is
not against themso long as they do not wage war against Muslims on account of their
religion, oppress them and drive them out of their homes, (in accordance with the verse
of the Holy Quran [Al-Mumtahinah, 60:8] quoted above). Moreover, God says in the
Holy Quran:
They are not all alike. Of the People of the Scripture there is a staunch
community who recite the revelations of God in the night season, falling
prostrate (before Him). / They believe in God and the Last Day, and
enjoin right conduct and forbid indecency, and vie one with another in
good works. These are of the righteous. / And whatever good they do,
nothing will be rejected of them. God is Aware of those who ward off (evil).
(Aal-Imran, 3:113-115)
Is Christianity necessarily against Muslims? In the Gospel Jesus Christ says:
He who is not with me is against me, and he who does not gather with me
scatters abroad. (Matthew 12:30)
For he who is not against us is on our side. (Mark 9:40)
for he who is not against us is on our side. (Luke 9:50)
According to the Blessed Theophylactsxxiii Explanation of the New Testament, these
statements are not contradictions because the first statement (in the actual Greek text of
the New Testament) refers to demons, whereas the second and third statements refer to
people who recognised Jesus, but were not Christians. Muslims recognize Jesus Christ as
the Messiah, not in the same way Christians do (but Christians themselves anyway have
never all agreed with each other on Jesus Christs nature), but in the following way:
. the Messiah Jesus son of Mary is a Messenger of God and His Word which he cast
unto Mary and a Spirit from Him.... (Al-Nisa, 4:171). We therefore invite Christians to
consider Muslims not against and thus with them, in accordance with Jesus Christs
words here.
Finally, as Muslims, and in obedience to the Holy Quran, we ask Christians to
come together with us on the common essentials of our two religions
that we shall
worship none but God, and that we shall ascribe no partner unto Him, and that none of
us shall take others for lords beside God
(Aal Imran, 3:64).
Let this common ground be the basis of all future interfaith dialogue between us,
for our common ground is that on which hangs all the Law and the Prophets (Matthew
22:40). God says in the Holy Quran:
Say (O Muslims): We believe in God and that which is revealed unto us
and that which was revealed unto Abraham, and Ishmael, and Isaac, and
Jacob, and the tribes, and that which Moses and Jesus received, and that
which the prophets received from their Lord. We make no distinction
between any of them, and unto Him we have surrendered. / And if they
believe in the like of that which ye believe, then are they rightly guided.
But if they turn away, then are they in schism, and God will suffice thee
against them. He is the Hearer, the Knower. (Al-Baqarah, 2:136-137)
Between Us and You
Finding common ground between Muslims and Christians is not simply a matter
for polite ecumenical dialogue between selected religious leaders. Christianity and Islam
are the largest and second largest religions in the world and in history. Christians and
Muslims reportedly make up over a third and over a fifth of humanity respectively.
Together they make up more than 55% of the worlds population, making the relationship
between these two religious communities the most important factor in contributing to
meaningful peace around the world. If Muslims and Christians are not at peace, the world
cannot be at peace. With the terrible weaponry of the modern world; with Muslims and
Christians intertwined everywhere as never before, no side can unilaterally win a conflict
between more than half of the worlds inhabitants. Thus our common future is at stake.
The very survival of the world itself is perhaps at stake.
And to those who nevertheless relish conflict and destruction for their own sake
or reckon that ultimately they stand to gain through them, we say that our very eternal
souls are all also at stake if we fail to sincerely make every effort to make peace and
come together in harmony. God says in the Holy Quran: Lo! God enjoineth justice and
kindness, and giving to kinsfolk, and forbiddeth lewdness and abomination and
wickedness. He exhorteth you in order that ye may take heed (Al Nahl, 16:90). Jesus
Christ said: Blessed are the peacemakers
.(Matthew 5:9), and also: For what profit
is it to a man if he gains the whole world and loses his soul? (Matthew 16:26).
So let our differences not cause hatred and strife between us. Let us vie with each
other only in righteousness and good works. Let us respect each other, be fair, just and
kind to another and live in sincere peace, harmony and mutual goodwill. God says in the
And unto thee have We revealed the Scripture with the truth, confirming
whatever Scripture was before it, and a watcher over it. So judge between
them by that which God hath revealed, and follow not their desires away
from the truth which hath come unto thee. For each We have appointed a
law and a way. Had God willed He could have made you one community.
But that He may try you by that which He hath given you (He hath made
you as ye are). So vie one with another in good works. Unto God ye will
all return, and He will then inform you of that wherein ye differ. (Al-
Maidah, 5:48)
Wal-Salaamu Alaykum,
Pax Vobiscum.
The Royal Aal al-Bayt Institute for Islamic Thought, Jordan.
See: www.acommonword.org or: www.acommonword.com
i In Arabic: La illaha illa Allah Muhammad rasul Allah. The two Shahadahs actually both occur (albeit
separately) as phrases in the Holy Quran (in Muhammad 47:19, and Al-Fath 48:29, respectively).
ii Sunan Al-Tirmidhi, Kitab Al-Daawat, 462/5, no. 3383; Sunan Ibn Majah, 1249/2.
iii Sunan Al-Tirmidhi, Kitab Al-Daawat, Bab al-Dua fi Yawm Arafah, Hadith no. 3934.
It is important to note that the additional phrases, He Alone, He hath no associate, His is the
sovereignty and His is the praise and He hath power over all things, all come from the Holy Quran, in
exactly those forms, albeit in different passages. He Alonereferring to God is found at least six times
in the Holy Quran (7:70; 14:40; 39:45; 40:12; 40:84 and 60:4). He hath no associate, is found in exactly
that form at least once (Al-Anam, 6:173). His is the sovereignty and His is the praise and He hath power
over all things, is found in exactly this form once in the Holy Quran (Al-Taghabun, 64:1), and parts of it
are found a number of other times (for instance, the words, He hath power over all things, are found at least
five times: 5:120; 11:4; 30:50; 42:9 and 57:2).
iv The Heart
In Islam the (spiritual, not physical) heart is the organ of perception of spiritual and metaphysical
knowledge. Of one of the Prophet Muhammads greatest visions God says in the Holy Quran: The inner
heart lied not (in seeing) what it saw. (al-Najm, 53:11) Indeed, elsewhere in the Holy Quran, God says:
[F]or indeed it is not the eyes that grow blind, but it is the hearts, which are within the bosoms, that grow
blind. (Al-Hajj, 22:46; see whole verse and also: 2:9-10; 2:74; 8:24; 26:88-89; 48:4; 83:14 et al.. There are
in fact over a hundred mentions of the heart and its synonyms in the Holy Quran.)
Now there are different understandings amongst Muslims as regards the direct Vision of God (as
opposed to spiritual realities as such) God, be it in this life or the nextGod says in the Holy Quran (of
the Day of Judgement):
That day will faces be resplendent, / Looking toward their Lord; (Al-Qiyamah, 75:22-23)
Yet God also says in the Holy Quran:
Such is God, your Lord. There is no God save Him, the Creator of all things, so worship
Him. And He taketh care of all things. / Vision comprehendeth Him not, but He
comprehendeth (all) vision. He is the Subtile, the Aware. / Proofs have come unto you
from your Lord, so whoso seeth, it is for his own good, and whoso is blind is blind to his
own hurt. And I am not a keeper over you. (Al-Anam, 6:102-104)
Howbeit, it is evident that the Muslim conception of the (spiritual) heart is not very different from
the Christian conception of the (spiritual) heart, as seen in Jesuss words in the New Testament: Blessed
are the pure in heart, for they shall see God. (Matthew 5:8); and Pauls words: For now we see in a mirror,
dimly, but then face to face. Now I know in part, but then I shall know just as I am known. (1 Corinthians
v See also: Luqman, 31:25.
vi See also: Al-Nahl, 16:3-18.
vii Sahih Bukhari, Kitab Tafsir Al-Quran, Bab ma Jaa fi Fatihat Al-Kitab (Hadith no.1); also: Sahih
Bukhari, Kitab Fadail Al-Quran, Bab Fadl Fatihat Al-Kitab, (Hadith no.9), no. 5006.
viii The Prophet Muhammad said:
God has one hundred mercies. He has sent down one of them between genii and human
beings and beasts and animals and because of it they feel with each other; and through it
they have mercy on each other; and through it, the wild animal feels for its offspring. And
God has delayed ninety-nine mercies through which he will have mercy on his servants
on the Day of Judgement. (Sahih Muslm, Kitab Al-Tawbah; 2109/4; no. 2752; see also
Sahih Bukhari, Kitab Al-Riqaq, no. 6469).
ix Fear of God is the Beginning of Wisdom
The Prophet Muhammad is reported to have said: The chief part of wisdom is fear of Godbe He exalted
(Musnad al-Shahab, 100/1; Al-Dulaymi, Musnad Al-Firdaws, 270/2; Al-Tirmidhi, Nawadir Al-Usul; 84/3;
Al-Bayhaqi, Al-Dalail and Al-Bayhaqi, Al-Shuab; Ibn Lal, Al-Makarim; Al-Ashari, Al-Amthal, et al.)
This evidently is similar to the Prophet Solomon words in the Bible: The fear of the LORD is the
beginning of Wisdom
. (Proverbs 9:10); and: The fear of the LORD is the beginning of knowledge.
(Proverbs 1:7)
x The Intelligence, the Will and Sentiment in the Holy Quran
Thus God in the Holy Quran tells human being to believe in Him and call on Him (thereby using the
intelligence) with fear (which motivates the will) and with hope (and thus with sentiment):
Only those believe in Our revelations who, when they are reminded of them, fall down
prostrate and hymn the praise of their Lord, and they are not scornful, / Who forsake
their beds to cry unto their Lord in fear and hope, and spend of that We have bestowed
on them. / No soul knoweth what is kept hid for them of joy, as a reward for what they
used to do. (Al-Sajdah, 32:15-17)
(O mankind!) Call upon your Lord humbly and in secret. Lo! He loveth not aggressors. /
Work not confusion in the earth after the fair ordering (thereof), and call on Him in fear
and hope. Lo! the mercy of God is near unto the virtuous. (Al-Araf, 7:55-56)
Likewise, the Prophet Muhammad himself is described in terms which manifest knowledge
(and hence the intelligence), eliciting hope (and hence sentiment) and instilling fear (and hence motivating
the will):
O Prophet! Lo! We have sent thee as a witness and a bringer of good tidings and a
warner. (Al-Ahzab, 33:45)
Lo! We have sent thee (O Muhammad) as a witness and a bearer of good tidings and a
warner, (Al-Fath, 48:8)
xi A Goodly Example
The love and total devotion of the Prophet Muhammad to God is for Muslims the model that
they seek to imitate. God says in the Holy Quran:
Verily in the messenger of God ye have a goodly example for him who hopeth for God
and the Last Day, and remembereth God much. (Al-Ahzab, 33:21)
The totality of this love excludes worldliness and egotism, and is itself beautiful and loveable to
Muslims. Love of God is itself loveable to Muslims. God says in the Holy Quran:
And know that the messenger of God is among you. If he were to obey you in many
matters, ye would surely fall into misfortune; but God hath made the faith loveable to you
and hath beautified it in your hearts, and hath made disbelief and lewdness and rebellion
hateful unto you. Such are they who are the rightly guided. (Al-Hujurat, 49:7)
xii This particular love is in addition to Gods universal Mercy which embraceth all things (Al-Araf,
7:156); but God knows best.
xiii Sahih Al-Bukhari, Kitab Bad al-Khalq, Bab Sifat Iblis wa Junudihi; Hadith no. 3329.
Other Versions of the Blessed Saying
This blessed saying of the Prophet Muhammads , is found in dozens of hadith (sayings of the
Prophet Muhammad ) in differing contexts in slightly varying versions.
The one we have quoted throughout in the text (There is no god but God, He alone. He hath no
associate. His is the sovereignty, and His is the praise, and He hath power over all things) is in fact the shortest
version. It is to be found in Sahih al-Bukhari: Kitab al-Adhan (no. 852); Kitab al-Tahajjud (no. 1163); Kitab al19
Umrah (no. 1825); Kitab Bad al-Khalq (no. 3329); Kitab al-Daawat (nos. 6404, 6458, 6477); Kitab al-Riqaq
(no. 6551); Kitab al-Itisam bil-Kitab (no. 7378); in Sahih Muslim: Kitab al-Masajid (nos. 1366, 1368, 1370,
1371, 1380); Kitab al-Hajj (nos. 3009, 3343); Kitab al-Dhikr wal-Dua (nos. 7018, 7020, 7082, 7084); in
Sunan Abu Dawud: Kitab al-Witr (nos. 1506, 1507, 1508); Kitab al-Jihad (no. 2772); Kitab al-Kharaj (no.
2989); Kitab al-Adab (nos. 5062, 5073, 5079); in Sunan al-Tirmidhi: Kitab al-Hajj (no. 965); Kitab al-Daawat
(nos. 3718, 3743, 3984); in Sunan al-Nasai: Kitab al-Sahw (nos. 1347, 1348, 1349, 1350, 1351); Kitab
Manasik al-Hajj (nos. 2985, 2997); Kitab al-Iman wal-Nudhur (no. 3793); in Sunan Ibn Majah: Kitab al-Adab
(no. 3930); Kitab al-Dua (nos. 4000, 4011); and in Muwatta Malik: Kitab al-Quran (nos. 492, 494); Kitab
al-Hajj (no. 831).
A longer version including the words yuhyi wa yumit(There is no god but God, He alone. He hath
no associate. His is the sovereignty, and His is the praise. He giveth life, and He giveth death, and He hath
power over all things.)is to be found in Sunan Abu Dawud: Kitab al-Manasik (no. 1907); in Sunan al-
Tirmidhi: Kitab al-Salah (no. 300); Kitab al-Daawat (nos. 3804, 3811, 3877, 3901); and in Sunan al-Nasai:
Kitab Manasik al-Hajj (nos. 2974, 2987, 2998); Sunan Ibn Majah: Kitab al-Manasik (no. 3190).
Another longer version including the words bi yadihi al-khayr(There is no god but God, He alone.
He hath no associate. His is the sovereignty, and His is the praise. In His Hand is the good, and He hath power
over all things.)is to be found in Sunan Ibn Majah: Kitab al-Adab (no. 3931); Kitab al-Dua (no. 3994).
The longest version, which includes the words yuhyi wa yumit wa Huwa Hayyun la yamut bi yadihi alkhayr(
There is no god but God, He alone. He hath no associate. His is the sovereignty, and His is the praise.
He giveth life, and He giveth death. He is the Living, who dieth not. In His Hand is the good, and He hath
power over all things.)is to be found in Sunan al-Tirmidhi: Kitab al-Daawat (no. 3756) and in Sunan Ibn
Majah: Kitab al-Tijarat (no. 2320), with the difference that this latter hadith reads: bi yadihi al-khayr kuluhu
(in His Hand is all good).
It is important to note, however, that the Prophet Muhammad , only described the first (shortest)
version as: the best that I have saidmyself, and the prophets that came before me, and only of that version did
the Prophet say: And none comes with anything better than that, save one who does more than that.
(These citations refer to the numbering system of The Sunna Projects Encyclopaedia of Hadith
(Jam Jawami al-Ahadith wal-Asanid), prepared in cooperation with the scholars of al-Azhar, which
includes Sahih al-Bukhari, Sahih Muslim, Sunan Abu Dawud, Sunan al-Tirmidhi, Sunan al-Nasai, Sunan
Ibn Majah, and Muwatta Malik.)
xiv Frequent Remembrance of God in the Holy Quran
The Holy Quran is full of injunctions to invoke or remember God frequently:
Remember the name of thy Lord at morn and evening. (Al-Insan, 76:25)
So remember God, standing, sitting and [lying] down on your sides (Al-Nisa, 4:103).
And do thou (O Muhammad) remember thy Lord within thyself humbly and with awe,
below thy breath, at morn and evening. And be not thou of the neglectful (Al-Araf,
Remember thy Lord much, and praise (Him) in the early hours of night and morning
(Aal Imran, 3:41).
O ye who believe! Remember God with much remembrance. / And glorify Him early and
late (Al-Ahzab, 33:41-42).
(See also: 2:198-200; 2:203; 2:238-239; 3:190-191; 6:91; 7:55; 7:180; 8:45; 17:110;
22:27-41; 24:35-38; 26:227; 62:9-10; 87:1-17, et al.)
Similarly, the Holy Quran is full of verses that emphasize the paramount importance of the
Remembrance of God (see: 2:151-7; 5:4; 6:118; 7:201; 8:2-4; 13:26-28; 14:24-27; 20:14; 20:33-34; 24:1;
29:45; 33:35; 35:10; 39:9; 50:37; 51:55-58; and 33:2; 39:22-23 and 73:8-9 as already quoted, et al. ), and
the dire consequences of not practising it (see: 2:114; 4:142; 7:179-180; 18:28; 18:100-101; 20:99-101;
20:124-127; 25:18; 25:29; 43:36; 53:29; 58:19; 63:9; 72:17 et al.; see also 107:4-6). Hence God ultimately
says in the Holy Quran:
Has not the time arrived for the believers that their hearts in all humility should engage
in the remembrance of God
. ? (Al-Hadid, 57:16);
. [S]lacken not in remembrance of Me (Taha, 20:42),
and: Remember your Lord whenever you forget (Al-Kahf, 18:24).
xv Herein all Biblical Scripture is taken from the New King James Version. Copyright © 1982 by Thomas
Nelson, Inc. Used by permission. All rights reserved.
xvi Sunan Al-Tirmithi, Kitab Al-Dawat, Bab al-Dua fi Yawm Arafah, Hadith no. 3934. Op. cit..
In the Best Stature
Christianity and Islam have comparable conceptions of man being created in the best stature and
from Gods own breath. The Book of Genesis says:
(Genesis, 1:27) So God created man in His own image; in the image of God He created him; male
and female He created them.
(Genesis, 2:7) And the LORD God formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed
into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living being.
And the Prophet Muhammad said: Verily God created Adam in His own image. (Sahih Al-
Bukhari, Kitab Al-Istithan, 1; Sahih Muslim, Kitab Al-Birr 115; Musnad Ibn Hanbal, 2: 244, 251, 315, 323
etc. et al.)
And We created you, then fashioned you, then told the angels: Fall ye prostrate before Adam! And they fell
prostrate, all save Iblis, who was not of those who make prostration. (Al-Araf, 7:11)
By the fig and the olive / By Mount Sinai, / And by this land made safe / Surely We created man of the best
stature / Then We reduced him to the lowest of the low, / Save those who believe and do good works, and
theirs is a reward unfailing. / So who henceforth will give the lie to the about the judgment? / Is not God
the wisest of all judges? (Al-Tin, 95:1-8)
God it is Who appointed for you the earth for a dwelling-place and the sky for a canopy, and fashioned you
and perfected your shapes, and hath provided you with good things. Such is God, your Lord. Then blessed
be God, the Lord of the Worlds! (Al-Ghafir, 40:64)
Nay, but those who do wrong follow their own lusts without knowledge. Who is able to guide him whom
God hath sent astray ? For such there are no helpers. / So set thy purpose (O Muhammad) for religion as a
man by nature upright - the nature (framed) of God, in which He hath created man. There is no altering
(the laws of) Gods creation. That is the right religion, but most men know not/ (Al-Rum, 30:29-30)
And when I have fashioned him and breathed into him of My Spirit, then fall down before him prostrate,
(Sad, 38:72)
And when thy Lord said unto the angels: Lo! I am about to place a viceroy in the earth, they said: Wilt thou
place therein one who will do harm therein and will shed blood, while we, we hymn Thy praise and sanctify
Thee ? He said: Surely I know that which ye know not. / And He taught Adam all the names, then showed
them to the angels, saying: Inform Me of the names of these, if ye are truthful ./ They said: Be glorified! We
have no knowledge saving that which Thou hast taught us. Lo! Thou, only Thou, art the Knower, the Wise. /
He said: O Adam! Inform them of their names, and when he had informed them of their names, He said:
Did I not tell you that I know the secret of the heavens and the earth ? And I know that which ye disclose
and which ye hide. / And when We said unto the angels: Prostrate yourselves before Adam, they fell
prostrate, all save Iblis. He demurred through pride, and so became a disbeliever
/ And We said: O
Adam! Dwell thou and thy wife in the Garden, and eat ye freely (of the fruits) thereof where ye will; but
come not nigh this tree lest ye become wrong-doers. (Al-Baqarah, 2:30-35)
xviii Sahih Al-Bukhari, Kitab al-Iman, Hadith no.13.
xix Sahih Muslim , Kitab al-Iman, 67-1, Hadith no.45.
xx The classical commentators on the Holy Quran (see: Tafsir Ibn Kathir, Tafsir Al-Jalalayn) generally
agree that this is a reference to (the last movements of) the Muslim prayer.
xxi Abu Jafar Muhammad Bin Jarir Al-Tabari, Jami al-Bayan fi Tawil al-Quran, (Dar al-Kutub al-
Ilmiyyah, Beirut, Lebanon, 1st ed, 1992/1412,) tafsir of Aal-Imran, 3:64;Volume 3, pp. 299-302.
xxii According to grammarians cited by Tabari (op cit.) the word common (sawa) in a common word
between us also means just, fair (adl).
xxiii The Blessed Theophylact (1055-1108 C.E.) was the Orthodox Archbishop of Ochrid and Bulgaria
(1090-1108 C.E.). His native language was the Greek of the New Testament. His Commentary is currently
available in English from Chrysostom Press.
Signatories (in Alphabetical Order)
His Royal Eminence Sultan Muhammadu Saad Ababakar
The 20th Sultan of Sokoto; Leader of the Muslims of Nigeria
H.E. Shaykh Dr. Hussein Hasan Abakar
Imam of the Muslims, Chad; President, Higher Council for Islamic Affairs, Chad
H.E. Prof. Dr. Abdul-Salam Al-Abbadi
President of Aal Al-Bayt University; Former Minister of Religious Affairs, Jordan
Prof. Dr. Taha Abd Al-Rahman
President of the Wisdom Circle for Thinkers and Researchers, Morocco;
Director of Al-Umma Al-Wasat Magazine, International Union of Muslim Scholars
Imam Feisal Abdul Rauf
Co-founder and Chairman of the Board of the Cordoba Initiative; Founder of the ASMA
Society (American Society for Muslim Advancement); Imam of Masjid Al-Farah, NY, NY,
Sheikh Muhammad Nur Abdullah
Vice President of the Fiqh Council of North America, USA
Dr. Shaykh Abd Al-Quddus Abu Salah
President of the International League for Islamic Ethics; Editor of the Journal for
Islamic Ethics, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
H.E. Prof. Dr. Abd Al-Wahhab bin Ibrahim Abu Solaiman
Member of the Committee of Senior Ulama, Saudi Arabia
Dr. Lateef Oladimeji Adegbite
Acting Secretary and Legal Adviser, Nigerian Supreme Council for Islamic Affairs
H.E. Amb. Prof. Dr. Akbar Ahmed
Ibn Khaldun Chair of Islamic Studies, American University in Washington D.C., USA
H.E. Judge Prince Bola Ajibola
Former International High Court Judge; Former Minister of Justice of Nigeria; Former
Attorney-General of Nigeria; Founder of the Crescent University and Founder of the
Islamic Movement of Africa (IMA)
H.E. Prof. Dr. Kamil Al-Ajlouni
Head of National Centre for Diabetes; Founder of the Jordanian University of Science
and Technology (JUST), Former Minister and Former Senator, Jordan
Shaykh Dr. Mohammed Salim Al-Awa
Secretary General of the International Union of Muslim Scholars; Head of the Egyptian
Association for Culture and Dialogue
Mr. Nihad Awad
National Executive Director and Co-founder of the Council on American-Islamic
Relations (CAIR), USA
H.E. Prof. Dr. Al-Hadi Al-Bakkoush
Former Prime Minister of Tunisia, Author
H.E. Shaykh Al-Islam Dr. Allah-Shakur bin Hemmat Bashazada
Grand Mufti of Azerbaijan and Head of the Muslim Administration of the Caucasus
H.E. Dr. Issam El-Bashir
Secretary General of the International Moderation Centre, Kuwait; Former Minister of
Religious Affairs, Sudan
H.E. Prof. Dr. Allamah Shaykh Abd Allah bin Mahfuz bin Bayyah
Professor, King Abdul Aziz University, Saudi Arabia; Former Minister of Justice, Former
Minister of Education and Former Minister of Religious Affairs, Mauritania; Vice
President of the International Union of Muslim Scholars; Founder and President, Global
Center for Renewal and Guidance
Dr. Mohamed Bechari
President, Federal Society for Muslims in France; General Secretary of the European
Islamic Conference (EIC), France; Member of the International Fiqh Academy
Prof. Dr. Ahmad Shawqi Benbin
Director of the Hasaniyya Library, Morocco
Prof. Dr. Allamah Shaykh Muhammad Said Ramadan Al-Buti
Dean, Dept. of Religion, University of Damascus, Syria
Prof. Dr. Mustafa Çağrıci
Mufti of Istanbul, Turkey
H.E. Shaykh Prof. Dr. Mustafa Cerić
Grand Mufti and Head of Ulema of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Professor Ibrahim Chabbuh
Director General of the Royal Aal al-Bayt Institute for Islamic Thought, Jordan;
President of the Association for the Safeguarding of the City of Qayrawan, Tunisia
H.E. Prof. Dr. Mustafa Cherif
Muslim Intellectual; Former Minister of Higher Education and Former Ambassador,
Dr. Caner Dagli
Assistant Professor, Roanoke College, USA
Ayatollah Prof. Dr. Seyyed Mostafa Mohaghegh Damad
Dean of Department of Islamic Studies, The Academy of Sciences of Iran; Professor of
Law and Islamic Philosophy, Tehran University; Fellow, The Iranian Academy of
Sciences, Iran; Former Inspector General of Iran
Ayatollah Seyyed Abu Al-Qasim Al-Deebaji
Imam Zayn Al-Abideen Mosque, Kuwait
H.E. Prof. Dr. Shakir Al-Fahham
Head of the Arabic Language Academy, Damascus; Former Minister of Education, Syria
Shaykh Seyyed Hani Fahs
Member of Supreme Shia Committee, Lebanon; Founding Member of the Arab
Committee for the Islamic-Christian Dialogue, and the Permanent Committee for the
Lebanese Dialogue
H.E. Shaykh Salim Falahat
Director General of the Muslim Brotherhood, Jordan
Chief Abdul Wahab Iyanda Folawiyo
Member, Supreme Council for Islamic Affairs of Nigeria; Vice President, Jamaat Nasril
H.E. Shaykh Ravil Gainutdin
Grand Mufti of Russia
Justice Ibrahim Kolapo Sulu Gambari
Justice of Nigerian Court of Appeal; National Vice Chairman, Nigerian Football
Association (NFA)
Prof. Dr. Abd Al-Karim Gharaybeh
Historian and Senator, Jordan
H.E. Prof. Dr. Abdullah Yusuf Al-Ghoneim
Director of the Kuwaiti Centre for Research and Studies on Kuwait; Former Minister of
Education, Kuwait
H.E. Prof. Dr. Bu Abd Allah bin al-Hajj Muhammad Al Ghulam Allah
Minister of Religious Affairs, Algeria
Prof. Dr. Alan Godlas
Co-Chair, Islamic Studies, University of Georgia, USA; Editor-in-chief, Sufi News and
Sufism World Report; Director, Sufis Without Borders
H.E. Shaykh Nezdad Grabus
Grand Mufti of Slovenia
H.E. Shaykh Dr. Al-Habib Ahmad bin Abd Al-Aziz Al-Haddad
Chief Mufti of Dubai, UAE
Shaykh Al-Habib Ali Mashhour bin Muhammad bin Salim bin Hafeeth
Imam of the Tarim Mosque and Head of Fatwa Council, Tarim, Yemen
Shaykh Al-Habib Umar bin Muhammad bin Salim bin Hafeeth
Dean, Dar Al-Mustafa, Tarim, Yemen
Professor Dr. Farouq Hamadah
Professor of the Sciences of Tradition, Mohammad V University, Morocco
Shaykh Hamza Yusuf Hanson
Founder and Director, Zaytuna Institute, CA, USA
H.E. Shaykh Dr. Ahmad Badr Al-Din Hassoun
Grand Mufti of the Republic of Syria
H.E. Shaykh. Sayyed Ali bin Abd Al-Rahman Al-Hashimi
Advisor to the President for Judiciary and Religious Affairs, UAE
Prof. Dr. Hasan Hanafi
Muslim Intellectual, Department of Philosophy, Cairo University
Shaykh Kabir Helminski
Shaykh of the Mevlevi Tariqah; Co-Director of the Book Foundation, USA
H.E. Shaykh Said Hijjawi
Chief Scholar, The Royal Aal al-Bayt Institute for Islamic Thought; Former Grand Mufti
of Jordan
H.E. Prof. Dr. Shaykh Ahmad Hlayyel
Chief Islamic Justice of Jordan; Imam of the Hashemite Court; Former Minister of
Religious Affairs
H.E. Amb. Dr. Murad Hofmann
Author and Muslim Intellectual, Germany
H.E. Dr. Anwar Ibrahim
Former Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia; Honorary President of AccountAbility
H.E. Shaykh Dr. Izz Al-Din Ibrahim
Advisor for Cultural Affairs, Prime Ministry, UAE
H.E. Prof. Dr. Ekmeleddin Ihsanoglu
Secretary-General, Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC)
H.E. Prof. Dr. Omar Jah
Secretary of the Muslim Scholars Council, Gambia; Professor of Islamic Civilization and
Thought, University of Gambia
H.E. Prof. Dr. Abbas Al-Jarari
Advisor to HM the King, Morocco
Shaykh Al-Habib Ali Zain Al-Abidin Al-Jifri
Founder and Director, Taba Institute, United Arab Emirates
H.E. Shaykh Prof. Dr. Ali Juma
Grand Mufti of the Republic of Egypt
Prof. Dr. Yahya Mahmud bin Junayd
Secretary General, King Faisal Centre for Research and Islamic Studies, Saudi Arabia
Dr. Ibrahim Kalin
Director, SETA Foundation, Ankara, Turkey; Asst. Prof. Georgetown University, USA
H.E. Amb. Aref Kamal
Muslim Intellectual, Pakistan
Professor Dr. Abla Mohammed Kahlawi
Dean of Islamic and Arabic Studies, Al-Azhar University (Womens College), Egypt
Prof. Dr. Said Hibatullah Kamilev
Director, Moscow Institute of Islamic Civilisation, Russian Federation
Prof. Dr. Hafiz Yusuf Z. Kavakci
Resident Scholar, Islamic Association of North Texas, Founder & Instructor of IANT
Quranic Academy; Founding Dean of Suffa Islamic Seminary, Dallas, Texas, USA
Shaykh Dr. Nuh Ha Mim Keller
Shaykh in the Shadhili Order, USA
Prof. Dr. Mohammad Hashim Kamali
Dean and Professor, International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization (ISTAC),
International Islamic University, Malaysia
Shaykh Amr Khaled
Islamic Missionary, Preacher and Broadcaster, Egypt; Founder and Chairman, Right
Start Foundation International
Prof. Dr. Abd Al-Karim Khalifah
President of the Jordanian Arabic Language Academy; Former President of Jordan
H.E. Shaykh Ahmad Al-Khalili
Grand Mufti of the Sultanate of Oman
Seyyed Jawad Al-Khoei
Secretary-General, Al-Khoei International Foundation
Shaykh Dr. Ahmad Kubaisi
Founder of the Ulema Organization, Iraq
Mr. M. Ali Lakhani
Founder and Editor of Sacred Web: A Journal of Tradition and Modernity, Canada
Dr. Joseph Lumbard
Assistant Professor, Brandeis University, USA
H.E. Shaykh Mahmood A. Madani
Secretary General, Jamiat Ulama-i-Hind; Member of Parliament, India
H.E. Prof. Dr. Abdel-Kabeer Al-Alawi Al-Madghari
Director General of Bayt Mal Al-Quds Agency (Al-Quds Fund); Former Minister of
Religious Affairs, Morocco
H.E. Imam Sayyed Al-Sadiq Al-Mahdi
Former Prime Minister of Sudan; Head of Ansar Movement, Sudan
H.E. Prof. Dr. Rusmir Mahmutcehajic
Professor, Sarajevo University; President of the International Forum Bosnia; Former
Vice President of the Government of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Allamah Shaykh Sayyed Muhammad bin Muhammad Al-Mansour
High Authority (Marja) of Zeidi Muslims, Yemen
Prof. Dr. Bashshar Awwad Marouf
Former Rector of the Islamic University, Iraq
H.E. Prof. Dr. Ahmad Matloub
Former Minister of Culture; Acting President of the Iraqi Academy of Sciences, Iraq
Prof. Dr. Ingrid Mattson
Professor of Islamic Studies and Christian-Muslim Relations and Director, Islamic
Chaplaincy Program, Hartford Seminary; President of the Islamic Society of North
America (ISNA), USA
Dr. Yousef Meri
Special Scholar-in-Residence, Royal Aal al-Bayt Institute for Islamic Thought, Jordan
Dr. Jean-Louis Michon
Author; Muslim Scholar; Architect; Former UNESCO expert, Switzerland
Shaykh Abu Bakr Ahmad Al-Milibari
Secretary-General of the Ahl Al-Sunna Association, India
Pehin Dato Haj Suhaili bin Haj Mohiddin
Deputy Grand Mufti, Brunei
Ayatollah Sheikh Hussein Muayad
President and Founder, Knowledge Forum, Baghdad, Iraq
Prof. Dr. Izzedine Umar Musa
Professor of Islamic History, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
Prof. Dr. Mohammad Farouk Al-Nabhan
Former Director of Dar Al-Hadith Al-Hasaniya, Morocco
Prof. Dr. Zaghloul El-Naggar
Professor, King Abd Al-Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Head, Committee on
Scientific Facts in the Glorious Quran, Supreme Council on Islamic Affairs, Egypt
Mr. Sohail Nakhooda
Editor-in-Chief, Islamica Magazine, Jordan
Prof. Dr. Hisham Nashabeh
Chairman of the Board of Higher Education; Dean of Education at Makassed
Association, Lebanon
H.E. Professor Dr. Seyyed Hossein Nasr
University Professor of Islamic Studies, George Washington University, Washington D.C,
Prof. Dr. Aref Ali Nayed
Former Professor at the Pontifical Institute for Arabic and Islamic Studies (Rome);
Former Professor at International Institute for Islamic Thought and Civilization (ISTAC,
Malaysia); Senior Advisor to the Cambridge Interfaith Program at the Faculty of
Divinity in Cambridge, UK
H.E. Shaykh Sevki Omarbasic
Grand Mufti of Croatia
Dato Dr. Abdul Hamid Othman
Advisor to the H.E. the Prime Minister of Malaysia
Prof. Dr. Ali Ozek
Head of the Endowment for Islamic Scientific Studies, Istanbul, Turkey
Imam Yahya Sergio Yahe Pallavicini
Vice President of CO.RE.IS., Italy, Chairman of ISESCO Council for Education and
Culture in the West, Advisor for Islamic Affairs of the Italian Minister of Interior.
H.E. Shaykh Dr. Nuh Ali Salman Al-Qudah
Grand Mufti of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
H.E. Shaykh Dr. Ikrima Said Sabri
Former Grand Mufti of Jerusalem and All of Palestine, Imam of the Blessed Al-Aqsa
Mosque, and President of the Islamic Higher Council, Palestine
Ayatollah Al-Faqih Seyyed Hussein Ismail Al-Sadr
Baghdad, Iraq
Mr. Muhammad Al-Sammak
Secretary-General of the National Council for Islamic-Christian Dialogue;
Secretary-General for the Islamic Spiritual Summit, Lebanon
Shaykh Seyyed Hasan Al-Saqqaf
Director of Dar Al-Imam Al-Nawawi, Jordan
Dr. Ayman Fuad Sayyid
Historian and Manuscript Expert, Former Secretary General of Dar al-Kutub Al-
Misriyya, Cairo, Egypt
Prof. Dr. Suleiman Abdallah Schleifer
Professor Emeritus, The American University in Cairo
Dr. Seyyed Reza Shah-Kazemi
Author and Muslim Scholar, UK
Dr. Anas Al-Shaikh-Ali
Chair, Association of Muslim Social Scientists, UK; Chair, Forum Against Islamophobia
and Racism, UK; Academic Advisor, IIIT, UK
Imam Zaid Shakir
Lecturer and Scholar-in-Residence, Zaytuna Institute, CA, USA
H.E. Prof. Dr. Ali Abdullah Al-Shamlan
Director General of the Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Sciences (KFAS);
Former Minister of Higher Education, Kuwait
Eng. Seyyed Hasan Shariatmadari
Leader of the Iranian National Republican Party (INR)
Dr. Muhammad Alwani Al-Sharif
Head of the European Academy of Islamic Culture and Sciences, Brussels, Belgium
H.E. Dr. Mohammad Abd Al-Ghaffar Al-Sharif
Secretary-General of the Ministry of Religious Affairs, Kuwait
Dr. Tayba Hassan Al-Sharif
International Protection Officer, The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees,
Darfur, Sudan
Prof. Dr. Muhammad bin Sharifa
Former Rector of Wajda University; Morocco; Fellow of the Royal Moroccan Academy
Prof. Dr. Muzammil H. Siddiqui / on behalf of the whole Fiqh Council of North
Islamic Scholar and Theologian; Chairman of the Fiqh Council of North America, USA
Shaykh Ahmad bin Saud Al-Siyabi
Secretary General of the Directorate of the Grand Mufti, Oman
Al-Haji Yusuf Maitama Sule
Former Nigerian Permanent Representative to the United Nations; Former Nigerian
Minister of National Guidance
Prof. Dr. Muhammad Abd Al-Rahim Sultan-al-Ulama
Deputy-Dean of Scientific Research Affairs, United Arab Emirates University, UAE
Shaykh Dr. Tariq Sweidan
Director-General of the Risalah Satellite Channel
H.E. Shaykh Ahmad Muhammad Mutii Tamim
The Head of the Religious Administration of Ukrainian Muslims, and Mufti of Ukraine
H.E. Shaykh Izz Al-Din Al-Tamimi
Senator; Former Chief Islamic Justice, Minister of Religious Affairs and Grand Mufti of
H.E. Shaykh Dr. Tayseer Rajab Al-Tamimi
Chief Islamic Justice of Palestine; Head of The Palestinian Center for Religion and
Civilization Dialogue
Prof. Dr. H.R.H. Prince Ghazi bin Muhammad bin Talal
Personal Envoy and Special Advisor of H.M. King Abdullah II; Chairman of the Board of
the Royal Aal al-Bayt Institute for Islamic Thought, Jordan
Prof. Dr. Ammar Al-Talibi
Former Member of Parliament, Professor of Philosophy, University of Algeria
Ayatollah Shaykh Muhammad Ali Taskhiri
Secretary General of the World Assembly for Proximity of Islamic Schools of Thought
(WAPIST), Iran
H.E. Prof. Dr. Shaykh Ahmad Muhammad Al-Tayeb
President of Al-Azhar University, Former Grand Mufti of Egypt
Prof. Dr. Muddathir Abdel-Rahim Al-Tayib
Professor of Political Science and Islamic Studies, International Institute of Islamic
Thought and Civilization (ISTAC), Malaysia
H.E. Amb. Prof. Dr. Abdel-Hadi Al-Tazi
Fellow of the Royal Moroccan Academy
H.E. Shaykh Naim Trnava
Grand Mufti of Kosovo
H.E. Dr. Abd Al-Aziz bin Uthman Al-Tweijiri
Director-General of the Islamic Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
H.E. Prof. Dr. Nasaruddin Umar
Rector of the Institute for Advanced Quranic Studies; Secretary General of the
Nahdhatul Ulama Consultative Council; Lecturer at the State Islamic University Syarif
Hidayatullah, Jakarta, Indonesia
Shaykh Muhammad Hasan Usayran
Jafari Mufti of Sidon and Al-Zahrani, Lebanon
Allamah Justice Mufti Muhammad Taqi Usmani
Vice President, Darul Uloom Karachi, Pakistan
Prof. Dr. Akhtarul Wasey
Director, Zakir Husain Institute of Islamic Studies, Jamia Milla Islamiya University,
Shaykh Dr. Abdal Hakim Murad Winter
Shaykh Zayed Lecturer in Islamic Studies, Divinity School, University of Cambridge;
Director of the Muslim Academic Trust, UK
Prof. Dr. Mohammed El-Mokhtar Ould Bah
President, Chinguitt Modern University, Mauritania
H.E. Shaykh Muhammad Sodiq Mohammad Yusuf
Former Grand Mufti of the Muslim Spiritual Administration of Central Asia, Uzbekistan;
Translator and Commentator of the Holy Quran
Prof. Dr. Shaykh Wahba Mustafa Al-Zuhayli
Dean, Department of Islamic Jurisprudence, University of Damascus, Syria
H.E. Shaykh Muammar Zukoulic
Startseite - Aktuelles - Moscheebau


text:
No fireworks, but a few SEC filings this evening at a pair of companies dealing with activist investors:
— CNET: Some intra-party trading going on here: In this filing, Jana Partners announced that it has disposed of 114,333 shares at price of $7.44…. but in this filing, its partner, Alex Interactive said it acquired 114,333 shares at the same price. On net, the moves don't affect the total holdings between the two.
— NYTCo: It looks like Harbinger et. al. took a breather, as it didn't announce any new buys today. But there was clearly some sort of internal share-awarding event at the company, as several insiders reported new share acquisitions. Among the insiders to have received more shares: CEO Janet L. Robinson, SVP Digital Martin Nisenholtz and CFO James Follo. As for the activists, we should find out early next week if they used the recent two-day swoon in NYTCo (NYSE: NYT) shares to add to their pile.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
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Beginning Georg Philipp Telemann Strings Sheet Music: 2 items found
Suite in B flat major (Easy)
Three violins - Easy
Composed by Georg Philipp Telemann (1681-1767). Edited by Waldo Lyman. Published by International Music Company (IM.1989).
Usually leaves our warehouse: Within 1 to 2 weeks
Partita Nr. 2 G-Dur
Composed by Georg Philipp Telemann (1681-1767). Arranged by Werner Kammerling (Git.-Cont.). For violin and guitar. String music. Chamber music. Level 1 to 2. 16 pages. Published by Doblinger Music Publishers (DB.GKM-00054)
Usually leaves our warehouse: Within 4 to 6 weeks


text:
Pinching pennies
Small business tips for managing your expenses
If Gene Fairbrother talked with 100 business owners today and asked them how much money their company is making, 90 of them, he says, "will not have a clue." Sadly, many business owners don't know how to manage the financial end of their ventures.
Fairbrother, small business consultant for the National Association for the Self-Employed, said financial illiteracy is shared among all sizes of businesses, but manifests itself more deeply the smaller the staff a company employs.
And we're talking the basics: accounts payable and receivable, profit-and-loss statements or understanding details about ongoing contracts with clients.
Fairbrother says, however, with the resources and technology available these days, financial ignorance is a crime.
"There is absolutely no excuse for it," he said.
Are those who can't monitor company expenses lazy or just not playing it smart?
A little of both, said William Pirolli, of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. He uses the example of a plumber who decides to start a business without the necessary training or knowledge of finances and business plans.
"The plumber is really good at being a plumber, he might be the best plumber in the world, but it doesn't mean he can run a business," said Pirolli, who serves on the executive committee of the institute's Private Companies Practice Section.
He and Fairbrother say the plumber might choose to outsource the company's books to an accountant or somebody who is at least familiar with profit-and-loss statements. Nonetheless, he should always stay involved and learn the process of how to track revenue and expenses.


text:
PicContest is a utility app that enables you to easily enter picture contests hosted by Yippah on Facebook. Specifically, the contests are hosted on a Facebook page "PicContet" (http://www.facebook.com/yippahpiccontest). With this app, you can easily take a picture or pick up one from the Gallery on your Android device, choose a contest that you want to join, upload picture to Facebook, and share your picture with friends.
Rate & Review


text:
The Pentagon is researching how best to identify and prevent the next Edward Snowden or Bradley (Chelsea) Manning-level insider threat.
In a request for information made public Nov. 22, the Defense Department aims to gauge the capabilities, experience, knowledge and abilities of contractors qualified to participate in its internal security threat program.
No doubt expedited by unauthorized disclosures from Snowden, a former National Security Agency contractor, and Manning, an Army private who leaked 250,000 documents, the request ultimately stems from an executive order issued by President Barack Obama on Oct. 7, 2011.
Executive Order 13587 directed the government to ensure the responsible sharing and safeguarding of classified national security information within and between federal agencies, prompting other policy directives, including the National Insider Threat Policy.
The latest request, which asked for responses from contractors by Dec. 6, is likely just the next stage in handling insider threats, and information received from this RFI could be used to issue a request for proposals in the near future. Specifically, the Pentagon seeks:
About the Author
Frank Konkel is a former staff writer for FCW.
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Meet 100 women and men who are doing great things in federal IT.
Click here for the full list
Three-time Federal 100 winner is leaving government in July.
Members of Congress heaped hard questions on federal IT leaders at a June 16 hearing and suggested strongly that somebody needs to be fired.
Senate bill carves out exemption for supercomputing and other lab IT; an earlier version of the measure would have exempted the entire Department of Energy.
OPM is partnering with CSID to try to manage the fallout from a massive breach of some 4 million federal personnel records.
Steve Kelman applauds the OMB's move to make career employees "goal leaders" for performance management initiatives -- but wishes it had come far earlier in the administration.
In an exclusive interview, Jimaye Sones, who was Defense Information Systems Agency comptroller from 2005 to 2013, says he was reassigned after revealing questionable accounting practices at the agency.
Through computer forensics training and internships, veterans are helping Immigration and Customs Enforcement tackle a backlog in child exploitation cases.
After two months on the job studying DOD's cybersecurity and IT needs, Secretary Ashton Carter is set to unveil a new Pentagon cyber strategy in Silicon Valley.
The failure of massive federal IT projects can usually be traced to poor management. The solution is as multilayered as the projects themselves.
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I don't want to freak anyone out, but it is possible to get a trigger shot and still not ovulate as happened to me this cycle. Let me qualify that by if you got a trigger shot AND got AF then you DID ovulate. Some people get AF without ovulation but usually that is after a super long cycle and is breakthrough bleeding because the lining became too thick.
In my case I was having ultrasound monitoring and what they though was a follicle was basically a cyst and wasn't active. (if you have active follicles then the shot will more than likely make you ovulate) This month they are doing a baseline ultrasound. It was extremely disappointing. When they told me I could trigger I was so happy thinking this is finally the month! I haven't ovulated since may 2009 and I'm getting desperate!
In the future I will always take my BBT as a backup indicator of ovulation. It just helps for my own peace of mind.
Good luck!


text:
BuyDig offers the factory-refurbished Vivitek D554 SVGA 3D DLP Portable Projector (pictured) for $179.95. Coupon code "DIG5" cuts it to $174.95. With free shipping, that's $10 under last summer's mention and the lowest total price we've seen. (It's also $175 less than the best we could find for a new unit.) Features include a native 800x600 resolution, 3000 lumens of output, HDMI, and remote control. A 3-year Vivitek warranty applies (with only one year for the lamp).
Also available is the factory-refurbished Vivitek Qumi Q5 720p 3D-Ready Pocket DLP Projector in Red, model no. Q5-RD, for $274.95 with free shipping via the above code. That's $125 under last month's mention of a new unit and the lowest total price we've seen. (It's $265 less than a new unit.) Features include 720p resolution, 500 lumens of output, 4GB internal memory, and up to 30,000 hours of operation. A 90-day Vivitek warranty applies.


text:
posters, the posters, statue posters, liberty posters, photo posters, torch posters, monument posters, diplomatic relations posters, allegorical figure posters, landmark posters, copper posters
All prints ship in durable cardboard tubes.
Fine Art America is one of the largest, most-respected giclee printing companies in the world with over 40 years of experience producing museum-quality posters and prints. All of our posters are produced on state-of-the-art, professional-grade Epson printers.
We use acid-free paper with archival inks to guarantee that your posters last a lifetime without fading or loss of color. All posters include a 1" white border around the image to allow for future framing and matting, if desired.
Posters ship within 3 - 4 business days in durable cardboard tubes.
The Statue of Liberty (photo) ; photograph; Liberty Island, New York, USA; info.: sculpted by Frederic Auguste Bartholdi (1834-1904); internal structure designed by Gustave Eiffel (1832-1923); dedicated 28th October 1886; Liberty Enlightening the World; gift to the United States of America from France
USE DISCOUNT CODE PUZCAS FOR EXTRA SAVINGS!!! Welcome to Bridgeman Images Fine Art Print Gallery featuring hundreds of iconic fine art images from leading museums, picture libraries and private art collections. Here you can purchase high-quality fine art prints of works by world famous artists such as Van Gogh, Monet and Vermeer and many more.
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DGAP-News: net mobile AG: publishes half-year report 2013 DGAP-News: net mobile AG / Key word(s): Half Year Results net mobile AG: publishes half-year report 2013 30.08.2013 / 18:30 --------------------------------------------------------------------- PRESSEMITTEILUNG - PRESS RELEASE net mobile AG publishes half-year report 2013 - net mobile AG increases revenue for the first six months of 2013 by 3.7% to 58,808 kEUR (previous year: 56,632 kEUR) - Successful alignment of the company towards smart phone segment Düsseldorf, 30th of August 2013 - net mobile AG (ISIN: DE0008137852), Europe's leading provider of mobile value added services and payment solutions, can look back on a successful first half year in 2013. Sales increased compared to the equivalent last year's period by 2,176 kEUR to 58,808 kEUR. Significant successes have been achieved in attracting new partners in the field of payment & banking and in the distribution of mobile content. The further improvement of the mobile TV solution for operators has supported the development as well. Essentially due to the significant expansion of the balance sheet total, the group's equity ratio reduced from 35.1 % to 23.8%, but is still solid with more than EUR 48 million. A substantial share has been invested in the planned business conversion towards smartphone technology, services for smartphones and payment solutions for m- and e-commerce. The investment volume remains high and with 5,336 kEUR unchanged, giving net mobile AG the opportunity to further expand its position as innovation leader. Operating EBIT (before restructuring costs and extraordinary expenses) improved by 561 kEUR to -4,651 kEUR. Operating EBITDA (before restructuring and non-recurring charges) improved by 2,444 kEUR, from -1,224 kEUR to plus 1,220 kEUR. The total group net income for the first half year of 2013 is -6,875 kEUR (previous year -3,814 kEUR), the negative deviation has been mainly used by extraordinary expenses for bad debts and impairment as well as restructuring charges in height of -4,688 kEUR. Excluding these one-time charges, earnings would have been increased by approximately 1.5 million EUR. Since the 1st of May 2013, net mobile AG is part of the Global Cash Management System of NTT DOCOMO, INC. Through that the group receives additional funding in the amount of up to EUR 40 million. This will also help to further reduce the interest costs. The financial result, regardless of the participation in the Cash Management System, improved by 62 kEUR to -47 kEUR. The cash flow development in the first half-year was very encouraging. Due to the banking activities, cash and cash equivalents increased by EUR 20 million to EUR 50 million. Outlook The net mobile AG Group will continue its path in a currently very difficult market environment. The earnings are affected by the difficult market environment, so that a positive result cannot be expected for the fiscal year 2013. In addition, the result will be burdened by extraordinary expenses for restructuring, so that the company expects a loss in 2013. We still see the consistent focus on the smartphone and tablet PC technology as well as the optimization of m- and e-commerce payment methods on international level as the right decision. In the light of challenges of each market and the resulting change, a forecast of future earnings is currently difficult. net mobile AG considers itself to be up to the task, not least because of the support of the major shareholder NTT DOCOMO, INC. Follow us on Twitter: www.twitter.com/netmobileag. About net mobile AG net mobile AG is a leading full-service provider for mobile value-added services and payment solutions. Founded in November 2000, the company is seen as innovation leader. Its customers include national and global mobile network operators, media companies, portals, branded products and TV stations, for which it provides complete white label app stores, direct carrier billing and mobile TV services. Owning a bank and Europe-wide credit card licenses, net-m issues innovative credit card programs, PSP and mobile POS solutions. Since December 2009 NTT DOCOMO. INC. is major shareholder, owning more than 87% of net mobile AG shares. For more information visit www.net-mobile.com. Please do not hesitate to contact us in case of any questions. We are also pleased to provide you direct contact to relevant employees within our company. Media contact Press Officer net mobile AG Bernd Reinartz Fritz-Vomfelde-Str. 26 - 30 DE 40547 Dusseldorf Fon: +49 (0) 211 970 20 - 380 Fax: +49 (0) 211 970 20 - 999 E-Mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Internet: www.net-mobile.com End of Corporate News --------------------------------------------------------------------- 30.08.2013 Dissemination of a Corporate News, transmitted by DGAP - a company of EQS Group AG. The issuer is solely responsible for the content of this announcement. DGAP's Distribution Services include Regulatory Announcements, Financial/Corporate News and Press Releases. Media archive at www.dgap-medientreff.de and www.dgap.de --------------------------------------------------------------------- Language: English Company: net mobile AG Zollhof 17 40221 Düsseldorf Germany Phone: +49 (0)211 970 20-0 Fax: +49 (0)211 970 20-999 E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Internet: www.net-m.de ISIN: DE0008137852 WKN: 813785 Listed: Freiverkehr in Berlin, Hamburg, München (m:access), Stuttgart; Frankfurt in Open Market End of News DGAP News-Service --------------------------------------------------------------------- 228524 30.08.2013
DGAP-News: net mobile AG: publishes half-year report 2013
Press spacebar to pause and continue. Press esc to stop.


text:
Breaking Bradborne: The Platinum - Part 04
Become Premium to Watch
Her Story is a bold and largely successful experiment in interactive crime fiction.
Rocksteady's gorgeous-looking third Arkham game refines its open-world format a bit and lets you drive a whole hell of a lot of Batmobile.
It's squid kids and ink blasting abound in Nintendo's exceptionally fun new online shooter.
Franchise »
As prolific in video games as it is in real life, this iconic Russian workhorse is a mainstay of virtual firepower.
Many games have ammo. In some, you can design your own. Ammo is put in a weapon and fired as a projectile.
A narrow projectile.
The bread and butter of any self respecting archer, the bow is a stereotypical ranged weapon of olden times and fantasy settings.
Cars go places. Hopefully fast.
This knife is mostly used by soldiers to kill enemies in close range. Also available in stealth games
Compound Short Bow is a weapon in the PS3 video game Demon's Souls.
A modernized version of the Russian DShK mounted machine gun.
A popular weapon that is used in many shooters. The flamethrower is considered one of the most unique ways to defeat a foe.
Considered one of the most frequent and controversial implements of destruction in video games and real life, guns are devices that fire projectiles with explosive force.
A stylish and sometimes functional piece of headwear.
Helicopters are flying vehicles, typically with a single large main rotor to maintain lift with a tail rotor to counter rotation induced by this main rotor. They are useful in air to ground combat as well as for quickly inserting and recovering infantry close to the front line.
A knife is a commonly seen object in video games. Usually used for close quarters combat, or as a cutting tool.
The first US army issue M16 varient. These early rifles featured a triangular handgaurd and fully automatic firing capabilities.
An American made general purpose medium machine gun, heavily used in the Vietnam Conflict.
A SMG with a incredibly high rate of fire and extremely compact, simple, and cheap design. Often seen with an iconic suppressor, or on one's hip.
Machine guns, generally, are heavier weapons with a rapid rate of fire. To quote the Quake manual, they "eat ammo like popcorn."
This fearsome Russian attack helicopter has featured in many games, an annoyance in flight sims and action games your best tactic would be to shoot them down fast.
The mullet consists of short hair everywhere but in the back. Several variations of mullets exist.
The Remington 700 is a bolt action sniper rifle.
A weapon that launches rockets.
A rocket propelled grenade launcher. This weapon's main strength is its shaped charge warhead. It can penetrate up to 19 inches of armor if the warhead is in good condition.
A tank is generally a heavily armoured and armed, tracked vehicle designed to be at the front of a combined forces attack.
A very commonly found, rapid-fire weapon.
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To reach a patient in The Rehabilitation Institute at Memorial University Medical Center, call:
If you know the room number of the person you're trying to reach, you can dial the room directly by calling 912-350 + the room number. Patients may receive calls between 7 a.m. and 9 p.m. They are not able to accept collect calls.
Memorial University Medical Center adheres to strict patient privacy guidelines set forth by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), and we cannot provide information about a patient's condition over the telephone.
Share Messages and UpdatesWe invite you to send a greeting card to a patient. The card will be printed and hand delivered.
You can brighten a patient's day by sending something from our gift shop.
To share updates with friends and family around the world, consider using one of these free sites:
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CarePages are free patient blogs that allow patients and family members to stay in touch and share information.


text:
well your motives in doing those tests were transparent. :lol:About a year ago I tested Dixactol vesus Pyro Rollo, both with Efke 25, 35mm film, both of the same subject matter = glass.
Seriously- I'm thinkng Pyro Rollo is for Jobo like tanks. What would us "shake it ourselves" types use (35MM)?
BTW= Thanks Sandy for answering my question. The only reason I shy away from Pycat=HD is that it seems a LF
developer. I trying to max. out 35MM.


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Sheraton Centre Toronto Hotel
Hotel Amenities
Our indoor/outdoor pool is heated year-round and is connected to Sheraton Fitness. Relax in the whirlpool and sauna and the convenience of change rooms. Give in to your senses and pamper yourself with the array of body treatments available at Senses Spa.
Benefit from our comprehensive hotel amenities and staff. Convenient services—such as dry cleaning, and currency exchange—ensure an effortless stay, while High Speed Internet Access in the lobby keeps you connected to the world.
Business Services
- FedEx Full Service Business Centre
Family Activities & Services
- Babysitting Referrals
Guest Services
- 24-Hour Security
- 100% Non-Smoking Facilities
- Currency Exchange Service
- Laundry/Valet Service
- Luggage Storage
- Same-Day Dry Cleaning Service
- Safe Deposit Boxes
- Shoe Shine Service
- Concierge Desk
- 24-Hour Front Desk
- Antique Rose Florist
Recreation & Entertainment
- Tour Services
- Whirlpool
- Dry Sauna
- Sheraton Club Lounge
- Indoor/Outdoor Pool
- Sheraton Fitness
- Senses Spa
- Shopping Connected to Hotel
- Valet Parking Facilities 50 CAD per day
Internet Access
Free internet is available via a variety of our brands, booking channels and membership tiers. Learn more
- Wired and Wireless High Speed Internet Access 14.95 CAD per day


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Finance Analysts in the United States pull down an average of $56K annually. Incomes of Finance Analysts vary widely depending on performance components; bonuses and profit sharing that can occasionally exceed $10K cause paychecks to spread between $39K on the low end and $80K on the high end. The most influential factor affecting pay for this group is location, though career duration and the specific company have a (lesser) impact as well. Male Finance Analysts are just a bit more common among those who completed the questionnaire than females ones, with male workers composing 58 percent of the field. The majority of workers are highly satisfied with their job. Nearly all enjoy medical while most get dental coverage. Vision coverage is also available to the larger part. This snapshot results from replies to PayScale's salary survey.
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Finance Analysts who move on to become Finance Managers may enjoy significant pay raises, as Finance Managers get paid an average of $83K per year. It is quite typical for Finance Analysts to transition into roles as Senior Financial Analysts or Senior Finance Analysts, where reported median earnings are $18K and $15K higher per year.
Survey results suggest that Finance Analysts put a wide range of professional skills to use. Most notably, skills in Financial Modeling, Budgeting, Financial Analysis, and Accounting are correlated to pay that is above average, with boosts between 4 percent and 10 percent. Skills that are correlated to lower pay, on the other hand, include Microsoft Access. Those proficient in Financial Analysis are, more often than not, also skilled in Financial Reporting.
Median of all compensation (including tips, bonus, and overtime) by years of experience.
Salaries of relatively inexperienced workers fall in the neighborhood of $55K, but folks who have racked up five to 10 years see a notably higher median of $65K. For Finance Analysts, 10 to 20 years of experience on the job amounts to an average salary of $67K. Folks with more than two decades of experience actually report lower incomes overall; their average comes out to a mere $63K.
San Jose is home to an above-average pay rate for Finance Analysts, 24 percent higher than the national average. Finance Analysts can also look forward to large paychecks in cities like Houston (+22 percent), Seattle (+13 percent), San Francisco (+12 percent), and New York (+12 percent). The smallest paychecks in the market, 10 percent south of the national average, can be found in Atlanta. A couple other locations with smaller-than-average paychecks include Boston and Denver (5 percent lower).
|Highly satisfied
Rated 4 out of 5
based on 167 votes.
42 %
58 %
|Medical: 91%
|Dental: 80%
|Vision: 67%
|None: 8%


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France political system
An overview of the political system of the Republic of France....
- published: 30 Jul 2013
- views: 4390
- author: Professor Hellstrom
Prime Minister Iurie Leanca today had a meeting with French MPs of the Moldova-France parliamentary friendship group. "We are willing a more active dialogue with Paris. Moldova is a francophone country. We will have to win mutually, if we...
noodls 2014-04-22"We are willing a more active dialogue with Paris. Moldova is a francophone country. We will have to win mutually, if we step up the bilateral relations"
French Housing Minister Cécile Duflot, facing criticism over a Tweet made by her partner expressing his pride at boycotting a military parade on Bastille Day, was left...France24 2013-07-17
France's ruling Socialists have accused the conservative opposition of exploiting teething problems in the government's education reforms, and of turning the country's...France24 2013-10-02
Is France a democracy? Most people would assume there is a straightforward answer - "Yes". After all, France has free and fair elections. However, there is more to a truly...BBC News 2014-06-12
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A French Senator's quip that President François Hollande and his ministers were the target of his "killer instinct", followed by a colleague's joke that he would "supply the Kalashnikovs", has gone down badly with the ruling Socialists. The French government was smarting Wednesday after a Senator said President François Hollande "and his gang" of ministers were the target of...France24 2013-09-25
The French government is easing language skills requirements and streamlining the administration in charge of granting French citizenship to reverse a fall in the number of naturalisations since 2010. French Interior Minister Manuel Valls has introduced new measures to make French citizenship more accessible after the government of former President Nicolas Sarkozy tightened...France24 2013-08-28
* Thousands hold mortgages denominated in Swiss franc * No sign of widespread defaults since franc surged * Loans become political issue in Poland, Croatia * Facing elections, govts press banks to help borrowers By Marcin Goclowski and Igor Ilic WARSAW/ZAGREB, April 20 (Reuters) - When the Swiss franc surged at the start of the year, there were dire predictions of a wave of...Reuters 2015-04-20
France's outspoken Interior Minister Manuel Valls is once again at the centre of controversy after calling the country's immigration policy and its relationship to Islam into question. By Anne-Diandra LOUARN / Joseph BAMAT (text) Interior Minister Manuel Valls has sowed discord at the heart of the Socialist-led French government after making controversial comments about the...France24 2013-08-20
Several French ministers have rejected statements by Interior Minister Manuel Valls that Roma immigrants are inherently different and should be thrown out of the country, casting a shadow on the Socialist-led government ahead of local elections. Contentious statements by Interior Minister Manuel Valls about Roma immigrants in France have sparked a feud within the Socialists-led...France24 2013-09-27
French Environment Minister Delphine Batho was fired from the government Tuesday after she described budget cuts as "bad" for her ministry on French radio earlier in the day. French ministers are not supposed to publicly criticise policy decisions. French President Francois Hollande on Tuesday sacked his environment minister Delphine Batho for describing this year's...France24 2013-07-02
LE BOURGET, France - LE BOURGET, France (AP) -- Because of her choice to wear a headscarf, Samia Kaddour, a Muslim, has all but abandoned trying to land a government job in France. Soon, some private sector jobs could be off limits, too. French President Francois Hollande says he wants a new law that could extend restrictions on the wearing of prominent religious symbols in...Newsday 2013-04-01
France (English i/ˈfræns/ FRANSS or /ˈfrɑːns/ FRAHNSS; French: [fʁɑ̃s] ( listen)), officially the French Republic (French: République française [ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛz]), is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. It is often referred to as l'Hexagone ("The Hexagon") because of the geometric shape of its territory. It is the largest western European country and it possesses the second-largest exclusive economic zone in the world, covering 11,035,000 km2 (4,260,000 sq mi), just behind that of the United States (11,351,000 km2 / 4,383,000 sq mi).
Over the past 500 years, France has been a major power with strong cultural, economic, military and political influence in Europe and around the world. During the 17th and 18th centuries, France colonised great parts of North America and Southeast Asia; during the 19th and early 20th centuries, France built the second largest colonial empire of the time, including large portions of North, West and Central Africa, Southeast Asia, and many Caribbean and Pacific Islands.