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AUSTIN, Texas—Professor Henry T. C. Hu of The University of Texas School of Law will address the Council of Institutional Investors at the Omni Shoreham Hotel in Washington, D.C., with a speech entitled "Hedge Fund Activism and the New Vote Buying" on Tuesday, Sept. 19.
The audience is expected to include about 500 attendees, including executive
directors and other senior investment professionals at most of the major U.S.
institutional investors, including corporate pension funds such as those of
Coca-Cola and Pfizer, public funds like CalPERS (the California Public Employees'
Retirement System), labor funds like the AFL-CIO, and mega funds like the World
Bank and TIAA-CREF. The Council is a not-for-profit association of public, labor,
and corporate pension funds with assets exceeding $3 trillion.
This speech will be based in part on articles co-authored by Professors Hu and Bernard S. Black, also of The University of Texas Law School, on what they call the "new vote buying." Most publicly held corporations have long had a governance structure based on a proportional relationship between shareholder voting rights and the number of shares held. This concept of one share-one vote is familiar to everyone.
Hu and Black suggest, however, that the derivatives revolution and other recent capital market developments now allow hedge funds and other investors to readily "decouple" economic ownership of shares from voting rights. For instance, through financial engineering, a hedge fund with absolutely no economic interest in a company can nevertheless hold the most number of votes. They offer the first systematic attempt to analyzing this decoupling—the "new vote buying"—and its corporate governance implications.
The two UT Law professors believe that existing legal and economic theories of the public corporation presume a link between voting rights and economic ownership that can no longer be relied on. They have found that, since 2001, decoupling appears to have occurred in battles for the corporate control of public companies in (at least) Australia, Germany, Hong Kong, Italy, Japan, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Hu and Black develop a taxonomy of decoupling strategies, propose a near-term disclosure-based response and outline a menu of longer-term regulatory choices. One article by Hu and Black was published this summer in the Southern California Law Review and another will be published this month in Business Lawyer.
The articles are as follows:
Henry T. C. Hu and Bernard Black, The New Vote Buying: Empty Voting and Hidden (Morphable) Ownership, 79 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA LAW REVIEW 811-908 (2006), also available at http://ssrn.com/abstract=904004
Henry T. C. Hu and Bernard Black, Empty Voting and Hidden (Morphable) Ownership: Taxonomy, Implications, and Reforms, 61 BUSINESS LAWYER 1011-1070 (2006), to be available at http://www.abanet.org/buslaw/tbl/home.shtml
Henry T. C. Hu holds the Allan Shivers Chair in the Law of Banking and Finance at The University of Texas School of Law and is interested in, among other things, the law and economics of corporate governance and corporate and international finance. Hu was chair of the Association of American Law Schools' Business Associations section in 1996. During 1997-98, he taught at Harvard Law School as the Bruce W. Nichols Visiting Professor. In 2000, he was appointed to the National Association of Securities Dealers' Legal Advisory Board, in 2001, to NASD Regulation's e-Brokerage Committee, and in 2006, to NASD's Market Regulation Committee. He is a member of the American Law Institute.
Bernard S. Black holds the Hayden W. Head Regents Chair for Faculty Excellence at The University of Texas School of Law, is professor of finance at UT's McCombs School of Business, and managing director of the Legal Scholarship Network. Before coming to Texas, he was professor at Stanford Law School (1998-2004) and Columbia Law School (1988-1998). He has been an advisor on company law, securities law, and corporate governance in Armenia, Brazil, Indonesia, Korea, Mongolia, Russia, Ukraine, and Vietnam.
Related Links:
About Professor Hu: http://www.utexas.edu/law/faculty/huht/
About Professor Black: http://www.utexas.edu/law/faculty/bsb345/
About the Council of Institutional Investors: http://www.cii.org/about
Research by Henry Hu and Bernard Black Featured in Investment News and The Daily Telegraph (London): http://www.utexas.edu/law/news/2006/062706_hu.html http://www.utexas.edu/law/news/2006/062706_hu.html
Hedge Fund Voting Paper by Professors Henry Hu and Bernard Black Discussed in Corporate Control Alert: http://www.utexas.edu/law/news/2006/031706_governance.html


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27 May 2014
Private equity firm Apax Partners has exited its majority stake in retail foreign exchange business Travelex to UAE Exchange CEO B R Shetty and Centurion Investments equity partners.
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Apax Partners-backed foreign exchange provider Travelex is reportedly still considering a potential stock market listing after reporting a 266 per cent rise in first quarter profits.
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European private equity firm Apax Partners is reportedly preparing to exit foreign exchange business Travelex through a listing on the London Stock Exchange.
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text:
Originally written on NY Rangers Blog | Last updated 3/25/13
#NYR hit the ice for morning practice before heading to Philly...J.T. Miller, Rick Nash, & Anton Stralman are not practicing today — New York Rangers (@NYRangers) March 25, 2013 Reports from practice were that Miller was getting treatment on his injured wrist while Nash and Stralman were given maintenance days. ...i hope this maintenance day for Nash isn't the same as the last one when we didn't see him for over a week. He did take a nice slash to the wrist last night. Pat Leonard at the Daily News reports that while the lines were jumbled with Nash and Miller out, Richards and Kreider remained together as did Boyle and Gaborik. ...assuming Zuccarello isn't going to play in Philly tomorrow, so I would expect the lines to look similar to last night, unless Miller is able to play, then who knows. ...once Zuccarello is in New York, the Philly results will likely have a big influence on what the lines look like going forward. Either way, I expect The Hobbit...
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Alt+F1: 51 - British GP Prerace
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Her Story is a bold and largely successful experiment in interactive crime fiction.
Rocksteady's gorgeous-looking third Arkham game refines its open-world format a bit and lets you drive a whole hell of a lot of Batmobile.
It's squid kids and ink blasting abound in Nintendo's exceptionally fun new online shooter.
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EA's revival of the NBA Live series that followed several years of cancellations and false starts. It was released exclusively on the new generation of PlayStation 4 and Xbox One hardware.
The fifteenth installment of 2K Sports' basketball sim arrives just in time for the 2013-14 NBA season.
2012 edition of 2K's NBA franchise.
Use the Kinect to bounce a real basketball around in front of your TV to the beat of the music, presumably while trying not to destroy the floor... or your own furniture.
2011 edition of the 2K's NBA franchise.
An enhanced downloadable version of the 2010 installment of the long-running NBA Jam series of arcade basketball games, updating the player roster while adding new gameplay mechanics, a new campaign, and new secrets.
Return to the roots of arcade NBA basketball in the 2010 installment of NBA Jam. Developed by EA Canada for seventh-generation game consoles, this rebirth brings back the gameplay, aesthetics, and gratuitous secrets of the original 1993 arcade game.
2K's long-running basketball simulator is back for another season with Michael Jordan as their cover athlete.
NBA Unrivaled is an arcade-style basketball game that features real teams and players.
NBA 2K10 is the 11th installment in the series and is to be released on October 6, 2009.
This downloadable game allows you to create an NBA prospect from the ground up.
NBA 2K9 continues the 2K Sports line of NBA basketball games with its tenth installment.
NBA Live 09 is the next installment in the popular basketball franchise from Electronic Arts.
NBA Live 09 All-Play is the Wii-only version of EA's long-running franchise. It features exaggerated players, multiple control schemes to cater to players of all ages, and a more arcade-style flavor.
Chosen One is the third game in Midway's NBA Ballers series.
NBA Live 08 is another yearly installment in EA's NBA Live series. The Washington Wizards' Gilbert Arenas is featured on the cover.
NBA 2K8 continues a five year legacy as the #1 rated NBA simulation with in-game features that bring basketball to life like never before.
NBA Street Homecourt is the fourth game in the over-the-top basketball series by EA Sports BIG. It features a heavy emphasis on crazy tricks and even crazier dunks where teams of 3 compete to see who is truly the king of the court.
NBA Ballers: Rebound for the PSP
NBA 06 is a basketball game for the PSP and PS2.
The NBA Street franchise goes portable, with NBA Street Showdown.
NBA Street V3 is the third entry in the popular NBA Street Series. Following in the footsteps of past games in the series, the game allows you to perform over the top dunks and tricks with your favorite NBA players.
Japan-only basketball game
ESPN NBA 2K5 is the sixth installment of the NBA 2K series of realistic basketball games, updating the roster to the 2004/2005 NBA season while re-inventing the franchise mode (now known as "The Association").
ESPN NBA Basketball (also known as NBA 2K4) is the fifth installment of the NBA 2K series of realistic basketball games, updating the roster to the 2003/2004 NBA season while adding a new player manuever system (using the right analog stick) and a new player creation/training mode.
Acclaim's attempt to revive the classic arcade game for PS2 and Xbox.
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Some product exclusions may apply. See product page details for more information. Clearance items are final sale. Price matching does not apply to this or any promotion. Offer is valid until June 28 at 11:59 PM PST. May not be combined with any other offer/discount (unless specified), including invitation credits, promotional gift cards and/or special discount links. Discount applied upon checkout. Log in to your account to see your savings.
We're quickly approaching staycation season, so make sure your patio is as relaxing as possible with the addition of some new outdoor furniture. This handsome Modular Armless Chair was constructed with a sturdy aluminum frame, then covered with Viro brown pine wicker for a naturally luxurious texture. Grab your sunglasses and kick back on this Panama Jack design, which includes two comfy cushions—it's about to be chill time, for real time.
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AmberReam Model
Rome RandolphPhotographer Male Harper Woods, Michigan, US
My Website: Triple Strike MediaMy MM URL: http://www.modelmayhem.com/romerandolph
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text:
Originally written on Bush League Chronicle | Last updated 11/3/12
The Temple Owls (3-4) are on the road today looking to knock off an undefeated Louisville Cardinals (8-0) team. They got off to a good start thanks to this kickoff return for a touchdown by diminutive return man Matt Brown. Watch as the 5-foot-5, 165-pound Brown hauls in the ball at the 7-yard line and proceeds to go 93 yards (untouched) for the game's opening score on the game's opening play.The Cardinals have since tied the game at seven a piece thanks to a touchdown pass from Heisman hopeful Teddy Bridgewater.
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Originally written on Fox Sports Houston | Last updated 5/7/12
HOUSTON The link between folklore and fandom is intrinsic, with the blend of exaggeration and admiration yielding tales that supersede life. Cardinals rookie infielder Matt Carpenter doesn't wear batting gloves. That he is something of a novelty in that regard has made him a fan favorite in St. Louis, a city where hardnosed baseball players are revered and lauded for as long as effort and eccentricity are maintained. But there is more to Carpenter than an old-school approach and weathered hands. He is a product of perseverance and patience, of persistence and poise. His father, Rick, enjoyed wondrous success coaching baseball in Missouri City, with Carpenter a key cog on Elkins High School teams than claimed consecutive Class 5A state championships in 2002-03. Those were the halcyon days, at least until opportunity opened the door for Carpenter to crack the everyday lineup with the Cardinals. That his path wasn't linear or expeditious makes the present day much sweeter. "I'm ex...
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text:
Aubergine Eggplant Lasagne
|2 Medium (Eggplant)
|45 Milliliter (3 Tablespoon)
|Spinach lasagna sheets
|To Taste
|1⁄2 Teaspoon
|Tomato sauce
|1⁄2 Cup (8 tbs) (Adjust Quantity As Needed)
|For cheese sauce
|1 1⁄2 Ounce (3 Tablespoon / 40 Gram)
|1 1⁄2 Ounce (1/3 Cup / 40 Gram)
|1⁄2 Pint (1 1/4 Cups / 300 Milliliter)
|Edam cheese
|2 Ounce, grated (1/2 Cup / 50 Gram)
|Freshly ground black pepper
|To Taste
Slice the aubergines (eggplant). Arrange them in a deep oblong dish, in which you will cook the finished lasagne. Add the water, cover with vented cling film (plastic wrap) and cook for 7 minutes, rearranging once, until tender. Drain and set aside.
Put the lasagne in a large deep pot and pour over enough boiling water to cover. Add salt and a few drops of oil to stop the pieces sticking together. Cover and cook for 12 - 15 minutes, until done.
Drain the lasagne, rinse thoroughly under running cold water and drain again. If you omit this step you are liable to be left with a soggy mass of unmanageable pasta. Lay the sheets to dry on a tea (dish) towel. (Don't use kitchen paper (paper towels) - they will stick.)
To make the cheese sauce, put the butter or margarine in a bowl and cook for 1 minute. Stir in the flour and pour on the milk. Cook for 3 minutes, whisking after each minute. Stir in the cheese. Cook for a further minute and whisk again. Season to taste with salt and pepper.
To assemble the dish start with a layer of aubergines, then cover with tomato sauce, a layer of pasta and a layer of cheese sauce. Continue until all the ingredients are used up, finishing with a layer of cheese sauce.
Heat through in the microwave, or in a conventional oven or under the grill (broiler) if you want the top to brown.


text:
The Message audio Bible is now available on Bible Gateway! Click to learn more.
7:9 high places . . . sanctuaries. These high places were traditional sites of Canaanite idolatrous worship (Deut. 12:2; 2 Kin. 17:10–12). The sanctuaries were for idolatrous or syncretistic worship.
house of Jeroboam . . . sword. Jeroboam himself might not die by the sword, but his household or family would be affected. Although Jeroboam apparently died a natural death (2 Kin. 14:29), his son Zechariah was murdered (2 Kin. 15:10).


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The Gods of This World (Paperback)
|Author: D. R. Bennett
Learn more about The Gods of This World:
|A creature from the future, past and present, Metacles searches for his family among the many ruins of Hellgoth, a magical place where things are not what they seem. In the first fiction story by author of 7 Steps to Enlightenment, D.R. Bennett has created a fantastical journey of mystical proportions in The Gods of This World.
Customer Reviews of The Gods of This World
Wow. This book took me on a journey for three days straight. I couldn't put it down. If you like stories that deal with different time sequences and metaphysical subjects, this book will please you. I have no complaints. The Gods Of This World is a real trip into the subconscious. If you like Lord Of The Rings without all the dialogue, The Gods Of This World is the book for you. The main character, Metacles, a "cave-man scientist" is looking for his family, but he has been isolated in the land of Hellgoth for a period of lost time. There are many creatures, witches, prophets and a representation of the government which tries to prevent Metacles from creating a new world. This book also opens up a new perspective on enlightenment and spirituality which I have never seen before. Great book!


text:
- Published: New York : Simon Pulse, 2012.
- Year Published: 2012
- Edition: 1st Simon Pulse hardcover ed.
- Description: 469 p. ; 22 cm.
- Language: English
- Format: Book
Reading Level
- Lexile: 650
ISBN/Standard Number
- 9781442445680
- 1442445688
- Rules (Philosophy) -- Fiction.
- Brainwashing -- Fiction.
- Insurgency -- Fiction.
- Fathers and daughters -- Fiction.
- Science fiction.
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Sequel to Possession.
In Freedom, where Thinkers rule and Rules should never be broken, Raine, daughter of the Director, is expected to spy on her roommate, Vi, and report back to him in case heavy brainwashing is not enough to prevent Vi from remembering the secrets he is anxious to keep hidden.
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text:
I'm writing some methods to emit HTML for various elements. Each method has the same output, but doesn't necessarily need the same input.
The method for echoing a
game-board needs to take a
player as well (because each player only sees their own pieces)
(defmethod echo ((board game-board) (p player)) ... )
Echoing a board space doesn't require changing per player (that dispatch is actually done in the
game-board method, which later calls
echo on a space). Ideally, I'd be able to do
(defmethod echo ((space board-space)) ... )
(defmethod echo ((space empty-space)) ... )
It's also conceivable that I later run into an object that will need to know more than just the player in order to display itself properly. Since there are already methods specializing on the same generic, though, that would give the error
The generic function #<STANDARD-GENERIC-FUNCTION ECHO (4)> takes 2 required arguments;
It seems less than ideal to go back and name these methods
echo-board and so on.
Is there a canonical way of varying other arguments based on the specialized object? Should I do something like
(defgeneric echo (thing &key player ...) ...)
(defgeneric echo (thing &rest other-args) ...)
? More generally, can anyone point me to a decent tutorial on
defgeneric specifically? (I've read the relevant PCL chapters and some CLOS tutorials, but they don't cover the situation I'm asking about here).


text:
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Malaysia Airlines nearly halved its net loss to M$175 million ($53.2 million) in the second quarter.
Its result for the three months ending 30 June compares with a figure of M$349 million for the same period of 2012.
Operating revenue increased 12% to M$3.59 billion, driven by higher passenger revenues as revenue passenger-kilometres increased 29%. The Oneworld carrier's operating expenditure also increased, 10.6% to M$3.76 billion, as capacity grew 19% and fuel costs affected both passenger and cargo services.
MAS says that while seat factor over the three months rose 6.6 percentage points to 80.4%, passenger yield declined 14% and "continues to be under pressure due to intense competition".
The airline made an operating profit of M$7.9 million, dramatically reversing an M$102 million operating loss for the same period of 2012. But that was overshadowed by M$68 million in unrealised currency losses and M$111 million in finance costs to push the carrier into a net loss.
However, chief executive Ahmad Jauhari Yahya welcomes the more positive result, saying that the airline "can now focus on implementing more structural improvements, including enhancing our administration and support services".
He adds: "We will continue to improve operational effectiveness such as continued improvement in our on time performance, turn-times on our aircraft, better engineering service turnaround, reducing service disruptions, precise material and inventory management, and much more which will further contribute to the bottom line in the future."
Cash and cash equivalents at June 30 rose M$1.9 billion to M$5.42 billion, mainly due to a M$3 billion rights issue.
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Albert Angelo is by vocation an architect and only by economic necessity working as a substitute teacher. He had thought he was, if not dedicated, at least competent. But now, on temporary assignments in schools located in the tough neighborhoods of London, Albert feels ineffectual. He is failing as a teacher and failing to fulfill himself as an architect. And then, too, he is pained by the memory of a failed love affair.Edition/Copyright: 64
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text: Healthy Recipes Cilantro-Lime Flank Steak Recipe E-mail recipe Print recipe To save this recipe, register now! Quick Info: Servings Contains Red Meat Nutritional Info (Per serving): Calories: 203, Saturated Fat: 3g, Sodium: 250mg, Dietary Fiber: 1g, Total Fat: 9g, Carbs: 5g, Cholesterol: 47mg, Protein: 26g Exchanges: Lean Meat: 4 Carb Choices: 0.5 Recipe Source: More Diabetic Recipes Prep Time: 1 h 30 mins Cook Time: 21 mins Total Time: 1 h 51 mins Ingredients 1 pounds beef, flank steak 1/4 cup(s) water 1/4 cup(s) lime juice 6 clove(s) garlic, minced 2 tablespoon cilantro, fresh, snipped 2 teaspoon oregano, fresh, snipped 1/4 teaspoon chili powder 1/4 teaspoon salt 1/8 teaspoon pepper, black ground lime(s), wedges, optional cilantro, optional Preparation 1. Trim fat from steak. Score both sides in a diamond pattern by making shallow diagonal cuts at 1-inch intervals. Place in a resealable plastic bag set in a bowl. 2. For marinade, in a small bowl, combine water, lime juice, garlic, cilantro, oregano, and chili powder. Pour over steak. Seal bag; turn to coat. Marinate in the refrigerator for 1 to 2 hours, turning often. 3. Drain steak, reserving marinade. Sprinkle with salt and pepper. Place on the rack of an uncovered grill directly over medium coals. Grill for 17 to 21 minutes or until medium doneness (160°F), turning once and brushing meat with reserved marinade halfway through grilling. Discard remaining marinade. 4. To serve, thinly slice steak across the grain. Arrange on 4 plates. If desired, garnish with lime wedges and cilantro. Makes 4 servings. E-mail recipe Print recipe To save this recipe, register now!


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Make this your preferred store
Stop in to the Kmart in Omaha, NE, to find everything you need for your home and family. We're a one-stop shop you can count on to get your errands finished quickly. Stop in at the Kmart Pharmacy and get your prescriptions filled. While you wait, shop for groceries and home furnishings. We make it easy to find the brands you want at the best price without the hassle of shopping around at multiple stores. Come on in and see for yourself at the Kmart in Omaha.
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Join the 1.3 million members who have found help and information on our community.Kmart Communities


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The top-rated hotels in Valencia are sorted by hotel class and then by user rating, as provided by TripAdvisor.
Here you can find rates, photos and information about the leading Valencia hotels.
Showing 1-10 of 132
Exclusiveness in the heart of ValenciaThis aristocratic nineteenth century building is located in the heart of Valencia, near both the shopping ... continue »
With a unique atmosphere, special hospitality and convenient facilities, the Las Arenas Balneario Hotel Valencia offers excellent accommodation that makes guests feel ... continue »
The Westin Valencia Hotel is a historic building sensitively redesigned combining art-decor style with avant-garde technology. It's ideally location allows guests ... continue »
The hotel is located in the most innovative and modern part of the city, the focus point of cultural activities, alongside the ... continue »
The hotel is located in a privileged area of Valencia next to the Plaza Canovas, close to Palau de la Musica and ... continue »
A total number of 304 rooms distributed in 29 floors makes this hotel one of the biggest in town. The highest hotel ... continue »
Right in the centre of Valencia and just a two minute walk from the train station and the Town Hall Square, Vincci ... continue »
The Ayre Hotel Astoria Palace is situated right in the heart of Valencia, close to the financial, shopping, cultural, and historic areas ... continue »
Located next to Valencias City of Arts and Sciences, this state-of-the-art hotel is perfect accommodation for visiting this renowned complex. Enjoy the ... continue »
The elegant, avant-garde design of this 2-hotel complex next to Valencia's City of Arts and Sciences and the Oceanographic Park is ... continue »
*Any unranked hotels have been sorted by hotel class and then alphabetically. More information can be found on our methodology page.
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Tickets for Taylor Swift: http://doremitickets.com/
Taylor Swift & Ed Sheeran have been writing together for a while, and it seems that this activity is an activity they both enjoy so much, they're going to be touring together from March 2013 until September 2013. According to sources, Taylor is so excited about the upcoming concert numbers, she may extend the event a little longer. The tour is said to be hitting twenty nine states and even three Canadian provinces, but if the excited artist does extend the event's time, then it may include more states to come at a later date.
Ed Sheeran, more known on the 'British' side of things, is a little more excited by the prospect of (sources say) dating Taylor rather than touring with Taylor Swift on her tour RED. He recently got RED tattooed on his arm. Although, this may just 'sheer gossip,' Taylor fans are hoping the revered artist will end up dating Ed, as it may inspire more heartfelt songs.
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Phone accessories company Ecell Global entered an agreement with One Direction and Global Merchandising Services for manufacturing and online distribution of phone and tablet cases.
PhotoBox Group, a digital service for personalized products in Europe, has teamed with Global Merchandising Services to bring boy band One Direction to all of its platforms.
Mask-arade has released a set of One Direction desktop standees under license from Global Merchandising Services.
Cortina Leomil Group has partnered with the Rich Footwear Group to create a line of footwear featuring British boy band One Direction.
Footwear licensee Leomil Group has signed a new deal to create a range of products featuring the British boy band One Direction.
One Direction: This is Us ousted Lee Daniel's The Butler for the top spot at the U.S. box office over Labor Day weekend.
American Greetings Corporation has released a new gift line based on the teen boy band One Direction.
Walmart has unveiled its back-to-school plans with a full range of licensed products and strategies aimed at saving customers money.
Global Merchandising Services, in collaboration with Glow Europe, is unleashing a new line of One Direction collectibles.
Pedigree Books has announced plans to continue its partnership with classic music brand Smash Hits for a series of music annuals.
©2015 ADVANSTAR COMMUNICATIONS INC. All rights reserved.


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A signal-seeking tuning system for a television receiver scans the VHF and UHF signal bands until a present TV channel signal is detected. Tuning voltage is developed by a digital-to-analog converter in response to a binary word stored in an up/down counter. The value of the binary word increases when a scan-up signal is applied and decreases when a scan-down signal is applied. Band signals are automatically sequenced to the next higher frequency band when the binary word "rolls-over" from a maximum to a minimum value, or to the next lower frequency band when the binary word rolls-over from its minimum to its maximum value. Scanning is stopped by inhibiting changing of the binary word when a valid sequence of AFT signals is detected.
Thereafter, the tuning voltage is compensated for drifts by incrementing or decrementing the binary word whenever the AFT signal departs from a predetermined condition. This correction is inhibited, however, when the binary word is at its minimum or maximum value so that unwanted bandswitching is avoided.
1. A signal-seeking tuning system for scanning a plurality of radio frequency (RF) signal bands, each of which bands includes a plurality of channels in which RF signals may be present, for selecting present ones of said RF signals, which tuning system comprises:
tuning means, responsive to a tuning signal and to one of a plurality of band signals, for selecting and heterodyning a present one of said RF signals to produce an IF signal having a nominal frequency;
signal processing means receiving said IF signals, and including means for applying a control signal to said tuning means to fine tune said IF signal to said nominal frequency;
a source of clock signals;
means for selectively developing an up signal and a down signal;
digital counter means for generating a binary word having minimum and maximum values, said binary word increasing in value in response to said clock signal and said up signal being applied to said counter means and decreasing in value in response to said clock signal and said down signal being applied thereto, said binary word changing cyclically between said minimum and said maximum values;
converting means coupled to said counter means for developing said tuning signal responsive to said binary word;
register means for developing said band signals in a predetermined sequence;
first means coupling said counter means to said register means for causing said register means to develop the next band signal in the order of said sequence when said binary word increases to reach said maximum value;
second means coupling said counter means to said register means for causing said register means to develop the next band signal in the reverse order of said sequence when said binary word decreases to reach said minimum value; and
detecting means for stopping said counter means from changing the value of said binary word when said IF signal has a predetermined condition.
2. The tuning system of claim 1 further comprising:
correction means coupled between said detecting means and said counter means for thereafter decrementing the value of said binary word when said control signal departs from a predetermined condition by a first predetermined amount in a first direction and for incrementing the value of said binary word when said control signal departs from said predetermined condition by a second predetermined amount in a second direction opposite to the first direction, said first and second directions being selected for adjusting the tuning signal to tend to tune said IF signal to said nominal frequency; and
inhibiting means included in said correction means for inhibiting decrementing said binary word when said binary word has said minimum value and for inhibiting incrementing said binary word when said binary word has said maximum value.
3. The tuning system of claim 2 wherein:
said first means coupling said counter means includes means detecting the maximum value of said binary word for developing a full signal therefrom, and means for applying said full signal to said register means; and
said second means coupling said counter means includes means detecting the minimum value of said binary word for developing an empty signal therefrom; and means for applying said empty signal to said register means.
4. The tuning system of claim 3 wherein said register means includes a counter having stages equal in number to the number of said RF signal bands, the state of said counter changing in first sense in response to said up and said full signals, and changing in reverse sense in response to said down and said empty signals.
5. The tuning system of claim 3 further including means for applying said full signal to said inhibiting means for inhibiting the incrementing of said binary word, and means for applying said empty signal to said inhibiting means for inhibiting the decrementing of said binary word.
6. The tuning system of claim 2 wherein said detecting means comprises:
comparison means for developing first and second comparison signals when said control signal exceeds a predetermined range of values in first and second direction senses, respectively;
stopping means responsive to one of said first and second comparison signals being developed, and to the other of said first and second comparison signals thereafter being developed, for removing said clock signal from said counter means; and
means for thereafter selectively applying said first and second comparison signals to said correction means to respectively decrement and increment said binary word.
7. The tuning system of claim 6 wherein said detecting means further includes means for developing a third signal indicating presence of said predetermined condition of said IF signal.
8. The tuning system of claim 6 wherein said correction means includes:
means for applying an incrementing pulse signal to said counter means to increment said binary word, which incrementing pulse signal is developed responsive to said first comparison signal; and
means for applying a decrementing pulse signal to said counter means to decrement said binary word, which decrementing pulse signal is developed responsive to said second comparison signal.
9. The tuning system of claim 8 wherein said correction means further includes timing means for preventing said decrementing pulse signal from being applied within a predetermined time interval subsequent to a previously applied decrementing pulse signal, and for preventing said incrementing pulse signal from being applied within said predetermined time interval subsequent to a previously applied incrementing pulse signal.
10. The tuning system of claim 7 further comprising:
bistable means, having first and second stable states, coupled to said inhibiting means for further inhibiting incrementing and decrementing said binary word when said bistable means is in said first stable state;
means responsive to said stopping means for putting said bistable means in said second stable state; and
means responsive to said third signal for putting said bistable means in said first stable state at times when said third signal is removed subsequent to its having been previously applied.
11. The tuning system of claim 1 wherein said source of clock signals includes means coupled to said register means for changing the frequency of said clock signal responsive to at least one of said band signals.
12. The tuning system of claim 11 wherein said source of clock signals further includes means for substantially increasing the frequency of said clock signal responsive to at least one of said band signals when said tuning signal is within a predetermined range of values.
13. The tuning system of claim 1 wherein said converting means includes digital-to-analog converting means having a low-pass filter included therein, which low-pass filter has a time constant, and means responsive to said detecting means for substantially increasing said time constant when said predetermined condition is detected.
14. A signal-seeking tuning system for scanning a plurality of radio frequency (RF) signal bands, each of which bands includes a plurality of channels in which RF signals may be present, for selecting present ones of said RF signals, which tuning system comprises:
tuning means, responsive to a tuning signal and to one of a plurality of band signals, for selecting and heterodyning a present one of said RF signals to produce an IF signal having a nominal frequency;
signal processing means receiving said IF signals, and including means for applying a control signal to said tuning means to fine tune said IF signal to said nominal frequency;
a source of clock signals;
means for selectively developing a scan signal;
digital counter means for generating a binary word having minimum and maximum values, said binary word changing in value in a predetermined sense in response to said clock signal and said scan signal being applied to said counter means, said binary word changing cyclically between said minimum and said maximum values;
converting means coupled to said counter means for developing said tuning signal responsive to said binary word;
register means for developing said band signals in a predetermined sequence; and
first means coupling said counter means to said register means for causing said register means to develop the next band signal in the order of said sequence when said binary word changes to reach a predetermined one of said minimum and maximum values.
The present invention relates to tuning systems for television receivers and, in particular, to those of the signal-seeking type.
Signal-seeking type tuning systems for television (TV) receivers are relatively simple and therefore do not generally provide the customer features associated with more complex tuning systems including a frequency synthesizer, a controller and often a memory. However, signal-seeking tuning systems are far less expensive than frequency synthesis tuning systems. Basic signal-seeking tuning systems often include only a simple automatic fine tuning (AFT) control and do not include automatic band changing between VHF and UHF TV frequency bands, or provision for remaining tuned to a selected channel during signal interruption (such as can occur from transmission outages or from adjusting a "rabbit-ear" antenna). In addition, known signal-seeking tuning systems can require an inconveniently long time (20-30 seconds) to scan the entire range of channels in the VHF and UHF TV bands.
The tuning system described herein which incorporates the present invention in various ones of its aspects overcomes these disadvantages while maintaining relative simplicity and avoiding the need for a memory so as to be useful in lower-cost TV receivers.
Accordingly, the apparatus of the present invention scans a plurality of radio frequency (RF) signal bands for selecting present ones of RF signals. The tuning system comprises a tuner for selecting ones of the RF signals responsive to a tuning signal and to band signals, and a signal processor for developing a control signal to fine tune the IF signal. A digital counter develops a binary word which changes in value when a scan signal is selectively applied to the counter. A converter develops the tuning signal in response to the binary word. A register develops the band signals which change in a sequence when the binary word changes to reach a predetermined one of said minimum and maximum values.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a TV receiver including the present invention;
FIGS. 2, 3, 5, 6 and 7 are schematic diagrams of exemplary circuits employable in the tuning system shown in FIG. 1; and
FIG. 4 is a graphical representation of an automatic fine tuning signal useful in understanding the tuning system shown in FIG. 1.
In the TV receiver of FIG. 1, tuner 12 is controlled by analog tuning voltage VT and digital bandswitch voltages VB for heterodyning RF signals received from antenna 10 corresponding to television channels to develop an IF signal. The IF signal is coupled from tuner 12 to TV signal processing and display device 14 for developing a picture on kinescope KS and audio reproduction through loudspeaker LS. Departures of the frequency of the picture carrier of the IF signal from a nominal IF frequency (e.g., 45.75 MHz in the United States) are detected by signal processor 14 to develop an automatic fine tuning (AFT) signal which is applied to the local oscillator to maintain the IF signal at the predetermined frequency. The TV receiver thus far described is conventional.
Signal-seeking in the direction of increasing channel number, i.e., increasing RF signal frequency, is accomplished by the closure of scan-up switch S-UP to set flip-flop FF1 which produces digital signal UP at its output Q. Similarly, scanning in the direction of decreasing channel number is initiated by the closure of scan-down switch S-DN to set flip-flop FF2 which produces digital signal DN. Signals from S-UP and S-DN are coupled to one-shot 92 through OR gate 90 to develop a digital AFT RESET pulse signal of predetermined duration, the use of which will be explained later.
Digital up/down counter 20 develops an eleven-bit binary word BW which can be decreased in value when signal DN is applied via OR gate 16 and which can be increased in value when signal UP is applied via OR gate 18. The value of BW increases and decreases, however, only when digital clock signal CLK-2 is applied. Binary word BW is applied to digital-to-analog converter 22 wherein it is converted to the analog tuning voltage VT and applied to tuner 12. Tuning voltage VT ranges between about 1 and 25 volts in each TV reception band, i.e., the lower-VHF-TV band (channels 2-6), the upper-VHF-TV band (channels 7-13) and the UHF-TV band (channels 14-83). Converter 22 is scaled so that the full range of values of BW corresponds to the range of voltages required for VT.
Signal CLK-2 is developed when the user activates either of scan controls S-UP or S-DN as follows. Signal AFT RESET from one-shot 92 is applied to AFT detector 50 via OR gate 48 thereby causing digital signal AFT VALID to become a logical LOW signal. The inversion of AFT VALID (AFT VALID) is applied to cause clock selector 30 to develop signal CLK-2 from digital signal CLK-1 which is always present from frequency divider 26. Clock selector 30 will be described in detail below. Once the foregoing sequence initiates the increasing or decreasing of binary word BW, VT will correspondingly increase or decrease until one of two conditions occurs: (1) no valid TV channel is present and binary word BW reaches a maximum or minimum value, or (2) a valid TV channel signal is found.
Counter 20 is cyclical and "rolls over" when counting up past the maximum value of BW or down past the minimum value of BW. That is, when counter 20 reaches the maximum value of binary word BW (e.g., all ones) the next pulse of clock signal CLK-2 will cause BW to change to its minimum value (e.g., all zeros) and thereafter to continue counting up towards its maximum value in response to CLK-2. Similarly, when counting down past the minimum value (all zeros), counter 20 rolls over to the maximum value (all ones) and continues counting down in response to CLK-2.
Digital Bandswitch signals VB are developed, for example, by ring counter 46, which has a number of stages equal to the number of different frequency bands to be distinguished. Three stages are satisfactory to cover the VHF and UHF TV bands in the United States. When the maximum value of BW is reached, counter 20 develops digital signal FULL (e.g., by means of an AND gate to detect coincidence of all ones). AND gate 42 detects the coincidence of the UP and FULL signals to generate a HIGH logic signal which passes via OR gate 44 to cause ring counter 46 to change from its present condition to the next condition in sequence. Ring counter 46 produces LOW-VHF, HI-VHF, UHF bandswitching signals in sequence when the UP signal is applied. Thus, in the upward scanning direction, binary word BW changes from the lower limit toward the upper limit, and when the upper limit is reached, the next higher bandswitching signal is generated and thereafter binary word BW again changes from the lower limit toward the upper limit.
Conversely, digital signal EMPTY is developed by counter 20 when binary word BW is of minimum value. The coincidence of signal EMPTY and signal DN at the inputs to AND gate 40 is coupled via OR gate 44 to cause ring counter 46 to sequence. Ring counter 46 produces UHF, HI-VHF, LO-VHF bandswitching signals in sequence when the DN signal is applied. Thus, in the downward scanning direction, binary word BW changes from the upper limit toward the lower limit and when the lower limit is reached, the next lower bandswitching signal is generated and thereafter binary word BW again changes from the upper limit toward the lower limit.
The foregoing scanning continues until a valid TV channel is found, or if no such channel is found, the cycling continues.
Scanning is stopped upon detection of the valid TV channel signal as follows. While the following description will consider the case for scanning up in frequency (with signal UP present), it is understood that a similar sequence obtains when scanning down in frequency. As the tuning approaches a present TV channel signal, the AFT signal developed by signal processor 14 will follow the characteristic shown in FIG. 4. As the center frequency F0 is approached from below, voltage V-AFT will increase to the point where it exceeds the positive threshold level V-LF, thereby causing AFT detector 50 to generate digital signal LF during the time when the threshold V-LF is exceeded. As the tuned frequency continues to be increased, voltage V-AFT will decrease as the tuned frequency passes IF frequency F0. V-AFT crosses frequency axis F and becomes more negative until threshold level V-HF is reached. When V-AFT becomes even more negative so that threshold V-HF is exceeded, AFT detector 50 develops digital signal HF. The sequential generation of signals LF and HF indicates that an RF carrier is present; this sequence combined with the presence of signal UP causes AFT detector 50 to generate digital signal AFT VALID. Development of signal AFT VALID causes clock selector 30 to remove signal CLK-2 from up/down counter 20, thereby stopping the changing of BW to terminate the signal-seeking scan of tuner 12.
If the carrier signal detected is in fact a valid TV channel, signal processor 14 of FIG. 1 will develop synchronization pulses. Sync detector 76 develops digital signal SYNC VALID in response to the average value of the synchronization pulses exceeding a threshold value. SYNC VALID is applied to reset both flip-flops FF1 and FF2 but will, in fact, only reset the one of them which was set by the activated one of scan controls S-UP and S-DN. This removes signal UP or signal DN so that the scanning operation itself terminates. Normal operation of the AFT loop in signal processor 14 thereafer tends to keep the receiver properly tuned to the presently selected RF carrier which is translated to IF center frequency F0.
In the tuning system thus far described, scanning ends at an appropriate AFT condition as determined by AFT detector 50. Scanning is automatically reinitiated by developing the equivalent of an AFT RESET pulse if signal SYNC VALID is not developed within a perdetermined time after signal AFT VALID is developed. To this end, delay device 90 is activated by signal AFT VALID. If valid sync is not detected by detector 76 within a predetermined time, SYNC VALId remains HIGH enabling AND gate 92 to pass the output developed by delay device 90 via OR gate 48 to AFT detector 50. Detector 50 is thereby reset and scanning is resumed. If a valid TV channel signal is tuned, SYNC VALID becomes LOW, thereby disabling AND gate 92 so that scanning remains terminated in spite of the operation of delay device 90. The predetermined delay of device 90 is selected to allow sufficient settling time before the synchronization signal is evaluated, e.g. 128 milliseconds.
As a practical matter, however, drifts can and will be introduced by temperature variations, component value changes, or frequency drifts of the transmitter or receiver. To compensate for such drifts beyond the range of correction afforded by the analog AFT voltage V-AFT generated by signal processor 14, digital AFT control 60 is employed to extend the range of AFT correction far beyond that obtainable from signal processor 14, which is typically limited to accommodating frequency differences of 1-2 megahertz. If the frequency drift is such that the IF frequency becomes lower than F0, V-AFT tends to depart from the center voltage, e.g., zero volts, at F0 along the characteristic of FIG. 4 until the threshold V-LF is reached which causes AFT detector 50 to develop digital signal LF. In response to clock signal CLK-3 developed by frequency divider 26 and signal LF, digital AFT control 60 generates an incrementing pulse signal INCR which is applied to counter 20 via OR gate 18 to increase the value of binary word BW by one count. As a result, VT, and the frequency to which tuner 12 is tuned, is increased to tune closer to IF cneter frequency F0. Several increments may be needed to make voltage V-AFT become less than threshold level V-LF.
Similarly, if the frequency departs from F0 in an increasing direction, V-AFT will increase negatively until threshold V-HF is exceeded causing AFT detector 50 to develop signal HF. In response to signal CLK-3 and signal HF together, digital AFT control 60 develops a decrementing pulse signal DECR which is applied via OR gate 16 to counter 20 to decrease the value of binary word BW by one count. As a result, VT decreases to cause tuner 12 to more closely tune frequency F0.
Near the band boundaries, digital AFT control 60 may wrongly cause the next bandswitch voltage to be generated because of the "roll over " operation of counter 20 previously described. To avoid this, signal FULL from counter 20 is inverted by inverter 58 and applied as signal FULL to digital AFT control 60 to inhibit the development of signal INCR when BW is at maximum value. Similarly, signal EMPTY is inverted by inverter 57 and applied to control 60 as signal EMPTY to inhibit the development of signal DECR when BW is at its minimum value. Thus, undesired roll over of counter 20 in either direction is avoided once a valid TV signal is selected.
A valid channel latch 80 provides an additional advantageous feature. Latch 80 develops digital channel valid signal CV when an RF carrier is detected as indicated by the presence of signal AFT VALID, thereby enabling digital AFT control 60 previously described. Presence of a valid RF carrier signal as indicated by signal SYNC VALID causes latch 80 to store an indication that a valid TV channel has, in fact, been tuned. Thereafter, should the valid RF carrier be lost (such as from a condition of outage at the transmitting station, a loose antenna connection, or a misadjustment of a rabbit-ear antenna), SYNC VALID is removed causing latch 80 to remove signal CV inhibiting the operation of digital AFT control 60. When the RF carrier reappears, signal SYNC VALID is again present and latch 80 restores signal CV to re-enable control 60. Thus, digital AFT control 60 controls the tuner to optimize tuning until a loss of RF carrier occurs at which occurrence the count of binary word BW in counter 20 is fixed until the RF carrier returns. In this manner, the tuning system is fixed in the optimum condition for receiving the selected RF carrier when it returns. In addition, annoying resumption of scanning in an attempt to tune the missing RF carrier during the time when it is absent is avoided. Latch 80 is reset by signal AFT RESET upon viewer initiation of scanning so to not develop signal CV. Thus digital AFT control 60 is inhibited during the search for a valid TV channel signal.
Further advantage results when clock signal CLK-2 has a frequency which changes according to the TV band being scanned. To that end, clock oscillator 24 drives frequency divider 26 which develops a plurality of digital clock signals indicated by the broad arrow CLK-1. Clock selector 30 selects the appropriate one of the clock signals included in CLK-1 in accordance with the bandswitch signals VB. Thus, a faster scanning rate is provided in the VHF bands where a greater change in tuning voltage VT is required to change tuning from one channel to an adjacent channel than in the UHF band.
The tuning system of FIG. 1 is comparably simple and requires no memory. As a result, it is relatively inexpensive, especially when embodied in substantial part in an integrated circuit, and well suited to a basic tuning system for a low-cost TV receiver.
Exemplary embodiments of circuits useful in the receiver of FIG. 1 will now be described. Exemplary digital AFT control 60, shown in FIG. 2, includes two 4-input AND gates 61 and 62, each of which receives digital signal CV and clock signal CLK-3, e.g., 500 Hertz. Because flip-flops FF3 and FF4 are initially reset, their respective outputs Q are HIGH to respectively enable one input of each of AND gates 68 and 67.
AND gate 61 produces an output when a valid channel signal is received (CV is HIGH), the IF frequency is high (signal HF is HIGH because threshold V-HF is exceeded), binary word BW is not at its minimum value (signal EMPTY is HIGH), and a HIGH half-cycle of CLK-3 is present. With the aforedescribed inputs, the output from AND gate 61 is HIGH, thereby causing AND gate 67 to develop decrementing pulse signal DECR. AND gate 61 also initiates delay device 63 which sets flip-flop FF4 after a 4-microsecond delay to thereby remove coincidence at AND gate 67 to terminate signal DECR, and, via OR gate 65 to insure that FF3 is reset.
Signal DECR is coupled through OR gate 69 to activate delay device 70. The output pulse of device 70 is delayed for 32 milliseconds and is coupled via OR gates 65 and 66 respectively reset a set one of flip-flops FF3 and FF4 after the 32millisecond time delay has elapsed.
Similarly, when the IF frequency is too low so that V-AFT exceeds threshold V-LF, signal LF is developed and, so long as CV is HIGH and FULL is HIGH (BW is not at maximum value), AND gate 62 detects coincidence on the HIGH half-cycle of CLK-3 which creates coincidence at AND gate 68 to develop incrementing pulse signal INCR. Thereafter, delay device 64 sets flip-flop FF3 after a 4 microseconds delay thereby removing coincidence from AND gate 68 terminating pulse INCR. OR gate 69 and delay device 70 are activated as previously described.
As a result of the above-described arrangement of digital AFT control 60, alternating incrementing and decrementing pulses are generated rapidly, whereas successive incrementing or decrementing pulses are delayed by the 32-millisecond delay of device 70. Thus, successive changes of binary word BW in one direction at a rate faster than that to which converter 22 can respond are avoided. I.e., the 32-millisecond delay time of device 70 is selected compatibly with the time constant of a low pass filter for VT included in converter 22.
In exemplary valid channel latch 80, shown in FIG. 3, signal AFT VALID sets flip-flop FF6 to develop channel valid signal CV at its output Q, thereby enabling digital AFT control 60 just described above. When valid sync is present, signal SYNC VALID from detector 76 is applied to set flip-flop FF5. So long as sync remains valid, SYNC VALID is HIGH and is inverted by inverter 81, coincidence does not occur at AND gate 82 and signal CV remains HIGH. When sync is not valid, however, SYNC VALID is removed and is inverted by inverter 81 to produce coincidence with the HIGH Q output of FF5 at AND gate 82. As a result, a HIGH signal is coupled via OR gate 83, to reset flip-flop FF6 to remove signal CV which thereby inhibits the operation of digital AFT control 60. When signal SYNC VALID returns and signal AFT VALID is still HIGH, signal CV is again generated. Both flip-flop FF5 and FF6 are reset in response to signal AFT RESET becoming HIGH when scanning is initiated by the viewer.
Exemplary AFT detector 60, shown in FIG. 5, includes voltage comparator 51 receiving positive threshold voltage V-LF at its inverting input point and voltage comparator 52 receiving negative threshold voltage V-HF at its non-inverting input point. AFT correction voltage V-AFT is applied to the other inputs of comparators 51 and 52 so that digital signal LF is developed (i.e. is HIGH) when V-AFT is more positive than V-LF and so that digital signal HF is developed (i.e., is HIGH) when V-AFT is more negative than V-HF. Flip-flops FF7 and FF8 are reset by signal AFT RESET at the viewer initiation of scanning and have their D-inputs connected to a logically high level +V. Signal AFT RESET developed by one shot 92 is of duration sufficient to permit scanning to proceed past the V-LH and V-HF "humps" shown in FIG. 4 before the AFT reset pulse is terminated. Two milliseconds has been found satisfactory.
When scanning up, the positive hump of the V-AFT characteristic, shown in FIG. 4, is first detected. In response, signal LF is applied to clock input CL of FF7 to cause its output Q to become HIGH. When the negative hump of the characteristics of FIG. 4 is detected, signal HF becomes HIGH creating coincidence with signal UP at the input to AND gate 53, the output of which passes via OR gate 55 to set flip-flop FF9 causing digital signal AFT VALID to become HIGH. In similar fashion when scanning down, the sequential development of signals HF then LF and the coincidence thereof with signal DN cause FF8, AND gate 54, OR gate 55 and FF9 to similarly produce a HIGH signal AFT VALID.
Exemplary clock selector 30', shown in FIG. 6, selects from among the plurality of clock signals CLK-1-A, CLK-1-B and CLK-1-C included in CLK-1 developed at various stages of frequency divider 26 to develop signal CLK-2 when AFT is not valid (i.e., when scanning). Clock selection is achieved as follows (ignoring for the moment inverter 38 and AND gate 39, the outputs of which are respectively assumed to be HIGH and LOW). When the TV receiver is operating in either the lower VHF or upper VHF bands, bandswitch signal VB-U for the UHF band is LOW thereby inhibiting AND gate 33 and, after inversion by inverter 31, enabling AND gate 32. Clock signal CLK-1-A of about 2 kilohertz is applied to AND gate 32 and is passed via OR gate 34 to AND gate 35. When tuning in the UHF band, band signal VB-U is high, thereby enabling AND gate 33 to pass 1 kilohertz clock signal CLK-1-B via OR gate 34 to AND gate 35, and disabling AND gate 32. Before AFT becomes valid (during scanning), the present one of CLK-1-A and CLK-1-B is passed by AND gate 35 to serve as signal CLK-2. The circuit just described causes binary word BW developed by counter 20 to be increased or decreased at twice the rate when tuning in the VHF band as compared to tuning in the UHF band. The difference in clock rates is provided to compensate for the different tuning voltage changes necessary to tune between adjacent channels in the differnt bands. This feature desirably decreases the total time required to scan all channels to less than 4 seconds (if no channel signals are present).
Clock selector 30' includes circuitry to further reduce the total scanning time to about 3.7 seconds as follows. The lowest channel in the upper VHF band (channel 7) ordinarily requires a much greater tuning voltage than do the lowest channels in the lower VHF and UHF TV bands. Therefore, it is advantageous that the range of tuning voltage below that required to tune VHF channel 7 be scanned through very rapidly since no valid TV channels can be present therein. Accordingly, voltage comparator 36 receives at its non-inverting input a reference voltage V-7 corresponding to the minimum value of tuning voltage for channel 7 and receives at its inverting input the actual tuning voltage VT. Band signal VB-H is HIGH when tuning in the upper VHF band. When VT is less than V-7, the HIGH output signal from comparator 36 produces coincidence at AND gate 37. This enables AND gate 39 through which 8 kilohertz clock signal CLK-1-C then passes. OR gate 34 and AND gate 35 pass CLK-1-C to serve as signal CLK-2, thereby increasing the rate at which binary word BW is increased or decreased by a factor of 4. During this time, the HIGH level from AND gate 37 is inverted by inverter 38, thereby to inhibit AND gates 32 and 33 from passing either of clock signals CLK-1-A and CLK-1-B. When VT exceeds V-7, coincidence is removed at AND gate 37 and signal CLK-2 reverts to the CLK-1-A frequency and normal VHF band scanning rate obtains. It is again noted that signal CLK-2 is developed by AND gate 35 only at times when scanning is occurring and AFT is not valid, as described above.
Modifications to the above-described embodiments are contemplated to be within the scope of the present invention which should be limited only by the claims following. FIG. 7, for example, shows a modification in which low-pass filter portion 20' of digital-to-analog converter 20 filters digital pulse signals applied at terminal DS to develop analog tuning voltage VT. Low-pass filtering is provided by resistors R1 and R2 and capacitors C1 and C2, the values of which determine the time constant of the filter. Each of C1 and C2 becomes charged to the average value of the digital waveform at terminal DS, which average value is VT. Similarly, with switch S1 in the position shown during scanning, the low-pass filter formed by resistor R3 and capacitor C3 also becomes charged to that average voltage. When signal AFT VALID is applied to stop scanning, it is applied to control 21 to switch S1 thereby placing capacitors C2 and C3 in parallel, substantially increasing the time constant of filter 20'. As a result, the filter time constant is kept to the minimum value consistent with rapid channel scanning and is increased to a substantially higher value when scanning has terminated consistent with the filtering required to obtain stability of tuning voltage VT.
In addition, it could be desirable to provide means for reversing the scan direction without waiting for acquisition of a valid TV signal. Such scan reversing can be provided by further coupling scan control S-UP to reset R of FF1 and by coupling S-DN to reset R of FF2. Moreover, switches S-UP and S-DN can be respectively coupled to FF1 and FF2 through debouncing circuits.
Other circuits can be employed in place of ring counter 46 for developing band signals VB. For example, a binary counter or a plurality of flip-flops with appropriate encoding of their respective output signals is also satisfactory.
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Swimming pool; Internet wi-fi; Sat tv; DVD; central heating; bbq; stereo
Swimming pool size (meters): 10X4
Castelvecchio di Compito 1,9 (shops, bar, restaurant, small supermarket) Bientina (closet supermarket) 8 km Lucca 15 Pontedera 16 Firenze 70 Capannori Highway 15 Pisa Airport 32
This pretty farmhouse is located 2 km away from Castelvecchio di Compito, a small medieval village on the hills between Lucca and Pisa. The area, known as Compitese, is renowned for its fine olive oil and for its beautiful camellias. The house is placed in a very quiet position and enjoys magnificent views on the surrounding countryside and the plane below. The owners have been renting for many years another property in our program, Al Mennucci, and when restoring Nel Guasto they used all the experience they achieved during the past years. During the restoration work they took great care in using only authentic Tuscan materials and they furnished the interiors with a nice combination of antique furniture and modern facilities, including flat tv in each room. Particular attention was given to the kitchen /dining area, very light, comfortable and well-organized, and to the outside eating area, close to the stone-built barbecue and pizza-oven, where to enjoy out-door meals with beautiful views. The swimming pool is placed in the most panoramic position on the very well kept garden. Nel Guasto is a real oasis of peace and relax, but being at only 15 km from the nearest motorway exit it is also an ideal base for touring Tuscany.
Ground Floor: Living/dining room, opening on to the garden; kitchen opening on to the garden and outside eating area; pantry; guest bathroom.
First floor: Double bedroom with en-suite bathroom (shower only); twin bedroom; bedroom with French bed; bathroom (shower only).
Maid service is included 6 hours per week.
I viewed the pictures before we booked but still thought 'it can't be that good'! How wrong I was. Nel Guasto was superb. Ideally situated with delightful gardens and a super po...
Read more...
From J.D. - UK - in 2015-06-20
I viewed the pictures before we booked but still thought 'it can't be that good'! How wrong I was. Nel Guasto was superb. Ideally situated with delightful gardens and a super pool. The views are wonderful and there are many beautiful places to visit within 1 hour. A wonderful holiday villa and the lady owner was so very charming. We all loved it.
From K.O. - UK - in 2014-10-11
Hello Simona I would like to thank you for arranging our holiday that we spent at Nel Guasto last week. We all had a lovely time and the villa was beautiful, even more beautiful than the photographs on line! We did have a couple of problems at the beginning of the week due to the thunder storm but it didn't spoil our time there. Thank you for your help, I would certainly recommend Salogi to others who would like to holiday in Tuscany. Thanks again Regards
From T.V. - Denmark - in 2014-06-21
Very beautiful location of a charming house, with all the facilities necessary for making our holiday an outstanding experience. Warm and charming people as well. Best time of the day was either a big lunch at the nice pool, with local ingredients and some white wine, or a stroll in the Woods around 10 pm, when the fireflies made great fireworks for us! A very short trip to Lucca as well - the most beautiful little city of Tuscany. Villa Nel Guasto is definately a place I want to visit again!
From T.R. - Germany - in 2014-06-19
Ein traum haus, alles sehr gepflegt, die Eigentümer kümmern sich intensiv um alles. pool super, nur zu empfehlen. (a dream house, all very well maintained, the owners care intensely about everything. pool great, highly recommended.)
From L.R. - Australia - in 2013-07-07
Stunning garden and beautiful pool. Could use AC in July but otherwise has everything you need. Extremely helpful owners.
From FK&J - USA - in 2012-09-01
Dear Paula and Roberto, I want to express our thanks and gratitude for your hospitality and generosity. Last year you made us feel like welcome guests, this year you made us feel like family. I hope that we can visit next year and enjoy your company again with us hosting a dinner for you.
From SL - Germany - in 2011-06-01
Wir können Nel Guasto nur jedem Toskanabegeisterten zu 100% ans Herz legen! Wir waren begeistert von der einmaligen Lage oberhalb Luccas mit tollem Ausblick auf die Stadt, der mit viel Liebe zum Detail eingerichteten Villa mit blühendem Garten, tollem Pool, Outdoor¬- Pizzaofen und -Grill, perfekt gepflegt, gross, idyllisch, luxoriös und rundum ausgestattet. Es fehlt einfach an nichts, dafür erlebt man puren, landestypischen Urlaubsgenuss. Unser herzlicher Dank geht an Frau Pieroni für Ihre sehr freundliche und unkomplizierte Betreuung. Genauso danken wir Easy Reserve für die unkomplizierte Buchung und die stets schnelle Antwortzeit auf jegliche Fragen, so funktioniert Spitzenservice!
Low season
Mid season
Mid-high season
High season
Extra costs
Extra costs: heating
Tourist tax to be paid locally
1820 €
1990 €
3320 €
3320 €
Security deposit: 500 €


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Susan Boyle: Living the Dream The Biography of Britain's Incredible Singing Sensation (Paperback)
|Author: John McShane
Learn more about Susan Boyle: Living the Dream:
Format: Paperback
Publisher: John Blake
Sku: 215086105
Publish Date: 3/30/2010
Pages: 268
See more in Composers & Musicians
|The story behind the woman who went from obscurity to worldwide fame within a few days--a near-instant superstar Susan Boyle struggled at school and spent many years dreaming of being noticed at local talent shows; this book explains how the death of her mother and the strength of her faith finally gave Susan the courage to apply for "Britain''s Got Talent" in 2009. The rest, as they say, is history. Her rendition of "I Dreamed a Dream" from" Les Miserables" captivated not only the British audience but audiences across the globe. Millions of fans logged in on YouTube and Twitter making Susan an overnight success. Susan''s debut album sold 701,000 copies in the United States its first week, the best opening week for a debut artist in more than a decade. "I Dreamed a Dream" also outsold the rest of the top five albums combined. In only a week, it sold more than two million copies worldwide. Here is the inside story of Susan''s rise to fame, and the effect it''s had on her life.


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text:
NBC Orders I AM VICTOR Drama Pilot Based on Nesbo Bestseller
Yahoo.com reports that NBC has ordered a new legal drama pilot which will be based on Jo Nesbo's novel I AM VICTOR. According to the report, the series will tell the story of "a high-powered divorce attorney with a unique view of relationships."
Katie Jacobs (House M.D.) is set to executive produce the project written by Mark Goffman. Meghan Lyvers, Daniel Rappaport and Jo Nesbo will also executive-produce.
Nesbo is a top-selling crime fiction author known throughout Europe. He is best known for his series of novels featuring detective Harry Hole including The Snowman, currently in production from Working Title which has both Martin Scorsese and screenwriter Matthew Michael Carnahan attached. His latest novel, The Son, is now in the hands of Warner Bros. after a fierce bidding war late last year.
About Author
- CNBC to Air THE MAKING OF DIG, the USA Network Event Series, 3/1
- NBC to Air One-Hour Season Finale of CHRISTINA MILIAN TURNED UP, 3/1
- NBC Universo to Present ROMEO SANTOS DESDE VINA Concert Exclusive, 3/1
- Kelly Clarkson to Visit CBS SUNDAY MORNING, 3/1
- VIDEO: Clark Gregg Teases New AGENTS OF S.H.I.E.L.D. Season Using Emojis
- Dakota Johnson to Host SNL Tonight; Alabama Shakes to Perform
- NBC Sports to Air Coverage of U.S. GRAND PRIX FROM PARK CITY
- Discovery Family to Premiere New Episodes of TRANSFORMERS RESCUE BOTS, Today
- Telemundo to Present FUTBOL ESTELAR: LEON VS SANTOS, Today
- Telemundo to Give Viewers Sneak Peek at Upcoming Programming on LO NUEVO, Today


text:
Pope Benedict XVI ReadyTto Meet America
Posted: 04/12/2008 - Next up for Pope Benedict XVI, a welcoming nation that wants to get to know him.
Posted: 04/12/2008 - Next up for Pope Benedict XVI, a welcoming nation that wants to get to know him.
Posted: 04/12/2008 - For nearly 26 years, the affidavit was sealed in an envelope and stored in a locked box, tucked away with the lawyer's passport and will. Sometimes he stashed the box in his bedroom closet, other times under his bed.
Posted: 04/12/2008 - A roadside bomb killed an American soldier in Baghdad on Saturday, capping the bloodiest week for U.S. troops in Iraq this year. Clashes persisted in Shiite areas, even as the biggest Shiite militia sought to rein in its fighters.
Posted: 04/12/2008 - For 46 years, crime, recessions and hurricanes proved no threat to the daily ritual of St. Monica School, where the entire blue-and-white uniformed student body gathered outside each morning to join in prayer.
Posted: 04/12/2008 - A political tempest over Barack Obama's comments about bitter voters in small towns has given rival Hillary Rodham Clinton a new opening to court working class Democrats 10 days before Pennsylvanians hold a primary that she must win to keep her presidential campaign alive.
Posted: 04/12/2008 - The mayor of Tanzania's main city received the Olympic torch from a Chinese official Saturday and assured him its run through the East African nation would be smooth.
Posted: 04/12/2008 - Buyer beware: A pair of Canada geese guarding their nest outside an Illinois furniture store are attacking unwary shoppers, even drawing blood from a few people.
Posted: 04/12/2008 - A man who worked in the admissions department at a prestigious Manhattan hospital has been charged with stealing and selling information on nearly 50,000 patients.
Posted: 04/12/2008 - The ex-wife of real estate mogul Donald Trump is tying the knot Saturday evening with Italian entrepreneur Rossano Rubicondi, her spokeswoman Catherine Saxton said.
Posted: 04/12/2008 - Actors, relatives and politicians have gathered at a church in Los Angeles to mourn Charlton Heston, one of the last lions of Old Hollywood.
Posted: 04/12/2008 - Matchbox Twenty has canceled a performance at a large rodeo event out of concern for the animals.
Posted: 04/12/2008 - Scientists listening to underwater microphones have detected an unusual swarm of earthquakes off central Oregon, something that often happens before a volcanic eruption - except there are no volcanoes in the area.
Updated: 05/12/2008 - President Bush, defending his decision to halt withdrawals of U.S. troops after July, said Saturday that Iraqis are shouldering more responsibility for securing their future.
Updated: 05/12/2008 - When one of the hottest chefs in town opened his newest creation, Momofuku Ko, the rich, powerful and influential immediately set about trying to land a reservation the easy way. They appealed to the chef.
Updated: 05/12/2008 - There's another side to Alicia Keys: conspiracy theorist. The Grammy-winning singer-songwriter tells Blender magazine: "`Gangsta rap' was a ploy to convince black people to kill each other. `Gangsta rap' didn't exist."
Updated: 05/12/2008 - Democrat Barack Obama on Saturday conceded that comments he made about bitter working class voters who "cling to guns or religion" were ill chosen, as he tried to stem a burst of complaints that he is condescending.
Posted: 04/12/2008 - Shiite militants fought U.S. and Iraqi forces around Baghdad's Shiite district of Sadr City early Saturday despite a call for calm by anti-American cleric Muqtada al-Sadr following the assassination of one of his top aides.
Posted: 04/12/2008 - WESTON, Colo. - A hamlet near here of wooded gulches, rocky outcrops and views of the snowy tops of southern Colorado's Sangre de Cristo mountains is the perfect escape for retirees and telecommuters who've settled in.
Updated: 04/12/2008 - BOSTON - Two years after the state's landmark health law was signed, the cracks are starting to show.
Posted: 04/12/2008 - MUNCIE, Ind. - Barack Obama sees himself with a disadvantage in Pennsylvania and with an advantage in North Carolina. "So Indiana may end up being the tiebreaker," he said this week.
Posted: 04/12/2008 - ALLENTOWN, Pa. - For Sens. Hillary Rodham Clinton and Barack Obama, vital to getting the edge in military service-oriented but war-weary Pennsylvania is figuring out how to pull U.S. forces out of Iraq without dragging the flag in the process.
Posted: 04/12/2008 - LAS VEGAS - A 26-year-old entrepreneur from Texas was named Miss USA on Friday, besting 50 other beauty queens for the coveted crown.
Updated: 05/12/2008 - People wondered about the bearded stranger with a foreign accent who moved into a rustic cabin weeks ago in the pine-clad mountains surrounding this picturesque village.
Updated: 05/12/2008 - For 46 years, crime, recessions and hurricanes proved no threat to the daily ritual of St. Monica School, where the entire blue-and-white uniformed student body gathered outside each morning to join in prayer.
Updated: 05/12/2008 - CBS Corp. executives took an unusual risk last fall before its series debut of "Big Bang Theory" — it offered the entire episode online despite the chance it would sap viewership for the TV premiere.


text:
Boy, that escalated quickly… I mean, that really got out of hand fast.
The Rangers and Devils weren't wasting any time tonight, dropping the gloves immediately after the puck dropped at Madison Square Gardens. All told the refs handed out 40-minutes in penalties to the seven combatants involved in the line brawl, all of whom received 5-minute fighting majors. The only exception was the Devils' Bryce Salvador who was assessed a 10-minute misconduct for coming to teammate Ryan Carter's aid by grabbing the Rangers player he was tussling with, Stu Bickel.
New York went on to defeat New Jersey 4-2, and with the victory became the first Eastern Conference team to clinch a playoff berth.
[video via hockeyfights.com]
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text:
Among getting chased by a crocodile, shouted at by a Trump or hunted down by Chuck Norris, housing a mouth-full of jaded taste buds can make your live an unsavoury misery. Keep your taste buds tickled and take them on an international culinary quest with today's Groupon: Save up to 60% on Wiener Schnitzel or Calve Liver or Chicken Curry for two or four people, including a glass of champagne at AFRICANSWISS restaurant.
- Pay R120 for a Wiener Schnitzel or Calve Liver or Chicken Curry and a glass of champagne for two people, valued at R240
- Pay R192 for a Wiener Schnitzel or Calve Liver or Chicken Curry and a glass of champagne for four people, valued at R480
As warm and inviting as a warm bed after a weary day, you can find the upmarket AFRICANSWISS restaurant in the Hartebeespoort area of pretty Pretoria. Distinctly unique in atmosphere, interior and of course, its legendary menu, AFRICANSWISS takes local-is-lekker flavours for an international expedition; combing them with unique Swiss specialities and unparalleled culinary skills. With a modern open-plan kitchen and a gifted chef, guests are invited to marvel at the chef's mastery while peeking in on the meticulously prepared meals.
Using only the freshest unprocessed organic
ingredients, you can trust the gastro-genius's at AFRICANSWISS to serve you up
a memorable meal. If you're a sucker for schnitzel or just like saying the
word, order up the unique Wiener Schnitzel; a fresh slice of veal covered in
breadcrumbs and fried to perfection in buttershmalz. While it may be uncharted culinary terrain,
give your taste buds something to talk about with a Calve Liver, a rare and
exciting dish, or give them the equivalent of a warm cuddle with a delicious
chicken curry; a hot, but not too hot Swiss favourite cooked to perfection with apples.


text:
Vanilla Souffle
|Confectioners sugar
|1 Tablespoon
|1⁄4 Cup (4 tbs)
|1⁄4 Cup (4 tbs)
|1 Cup (16 tbs)
|Egg yolks
|1⁄2 Cup (8 tbs)
|Vanilla extract
|2 Teaspoon
|Egg whites
Butter bottom of a 1 1/2 quart souffle dish (straight-sided casserole) and sift the confectioners' sugar over it; set aside.
Melt butter in a saucepan; stir in flour and cook until mixture bubbles.
Gradually add milk, stirring until blended; return to heat, bring to boiling, and cook, stirring constantly, 1 to 2 minutes.
Cool slightly.
Beat egg yolks, sugar, and extract together until mixture is thick.
Stirring vigorously, pour sauce slowly into egg yolk mixture.
Cool to lukewarm.
Beat egg whites until stiff, not dry, peaks are formed.
Spread egg yolk mixture over egg whites and carefully fold together.
Turn into souffle dish.
Set in a shallow pan with hot water.
Bake at 350°F 50 minutes, or until a metal knife comes out clean when inserted halfway between center and edge.


text:
NEWSFLASH: Ben Bransby Climbs Parthian Shotby Jack Geldard - UKC Chief Editor Nov/2013
This news story has been read 10,144 times
This famous route was graded E9 until the crucial 'shipwreck' flake was broken off in a fall by visiting Canadian climber Will Stanhope.
Bransby was climbing at Burbage today (19th Nov) with James McHaffie when he managed a successful lead of the route, the first lead of the route since the flake came off.
James told us briefly:
"It was a really good lead from Ben. I got up to the top crux twice, but couldn't feel my fingers."
We hope to bring you more news on this ascent soon. Until then, if you want to read the background on Parthian Shot you can check out this UKC Article: The Parthian Shot Saga
Note, the photo on the right is of Ben Bransby on an attempt on the route several years ago and is not current.
Ben Bransby is sponsored by: DMM, Evolv and prAna


text:
The Giant Beastcast: Episode 06
Become Premium to Watch
Her Story is a bold and largely successful experiment in interactive crime fiction.
Rocksteady's gorgeous-looking third Arkham game refines its open-world format a bit and lets you drive a whole hell of a lot of Batmobile.
It's squid kids and ink blasting abound in Nintendo's exceptionally fun new online shooter.
Concept »
The sixth installment of the Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell series and follows the events after Splinter Cell: Conviction.
A HD collection of the first three Splinter Cell games. It is part of Sony's HD Collection series of games.
When hordes of failed super-soldiers (the zombie-like "specimens") break out of the labs of Horzine Biotech, it's up to London's finest to put them down in this cooperative survival horror wave-based first-person shooter.
Venture into the mysterious, Utopian city of Rapture and discover what exactly has gone wrong in this first-person epic.
Surf's Up is a multiplatform game developed by Ubisoft based on the movie of the same name. As a variety of avian characters from the movie, players compete in surfing challenges.
Vanguard: Saga of Heroes is a fantasy MMORPG set in the world of Telon. It is a seamless world without instancing. It has 19 races and 15 adventuring classes along with the harvesting and diplomacy spheres of gameplay. Originally created by Sigil Games and now run by Sony Online Entertainment. Vanguard is scheduled to close on July 31st, 2014.
The PSP version of Brothers in Arms combines the games Brothers in Arms: Road to Hill 30 and Brothers in Arms: Earned in Blood. A squad based first person shooter set during WWII.
Red Steel was one of the initial First Person Shooters available for the Wii at the system's launch, and one of the first games to make significant use of the Wii's motion-sensitive hardware.
Splinter Cell: Double Agent puts a new spin on the series, placing Sam Fisher undercover in a terrorist group, where moral decisions affect gameplay.
Open Season is a 3rd person plat-former based on the movie by the same name. Developed by Ubisoft Montreal and published by Ubisoft.
The Battle for the Kaladi System is about to go underway, three races will fight for the planet`s abudant and rare resources. An arsenal of upgradeable weapons await you in this multiplayer shooter.
A World War II FPS designed with historical accuracy and realism in mind. It was originally an Unreal mod, which began on Unreal Tournament 2003.
The Ghost Recon team must enter Mexico City and prevent a coup d'état led by rebel Mexican forces.
An official expansion pack for SWAT 4 that introduces several new features including an additional multi-player mode, more weapons and fresh missions.
Is a first person shooter in which you control a team of SAS, the principal special forces unit of the British Army.
Another installment of the AA franchise.
In this abysmally received first-person shooter, a lone farmer must fight the undead all the way from his homestead to the rumored last bastion of the living - Fiddler's Green.
The sequel to Brothers in Arms: Road to Hill 30, Earned in Blood lets you take control of Sergeant "Red" Hartsock as you lead your comrades in this World War 2 shooter.
Iron is the second expansion pack for the popular PC title Rainbow Six 3: Raven Shield.
In this third-person Sci-Fi action-adventure game, you take the role of Gideon Wyeth, an unlikely hero who unlocks the extraordinary power which lies dormant within each human, and must use his new abilities to defeat a powerful alien race... or face the extinction of humanity.
Pariah is a first person shooter where players take control of a doctor called Jack Mason.
SWAT 4 is a first-person tactical shooter that puts the player in command of a Special Weapons and Tactics team. The campaign consists of 13 deployments that range from simple warrant service to hostage situations involving heavily-armed terrorists, and it is the player's duty to minimize casualties on all sides.
The third outing for Sam Fisher finds him battling against terrorists who want to take control of the world using a simple algorithmic code.
Based on a true story, take control of your squad and lead your brothers in arms to victory though France and suppress the German forces.
In Star Wars: Republic Commando, players take control of Delta Squad, a group of elite clone troopers, and complete the tactical, behind-the-scenes dirty work of the Republic in their fight against the Separatist forces.
Spider-Man 2 is a sandbox game based on the movie of the same name.
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text:
42 U.S. Code § 8456 - Socioeconomic impacts of increased coal production and other energy development
(a) Committee
There is hereby established an interagency committee composed of the heads of the Departments of Energy, Commerce, Interior, Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Health and Human Services, the Environmental Protection Agency, the Appalachian Regional Commission, the Farmers' Home Administration, the Office of Management and Budget, and such other Federal agencies as the Secretary shall designate. In carrying out its functions the committee shall consult with the National Governors' Conference and interested persons, organizations, and entities. The chairman of the committee shall be designated by the President. The committee shall terminate 90 days after the submission of its report under subsection (c) of this section.
(b) Functions of committee
It is the function of the committee to conduct a study of the socioeconomic impacts of expanded coal production and rapid energy development in general, on States, including local communities, and on the public, including the adequacy of housing and public, recreational, and cultural facilities for coal miners and their families and the effect of any Federal or State laws or regulations on providing such housing and facilities. The committee shall gather data and information on—
(1) the level of assistance provided under this chapter and any other programs related to impact assistance,
(2) the timeliness of assistance in meeting impacts caused by Federal decisions on energy policy as well as private sector decisions, and
Source(Pub. L. 95–620, title VII, § 746,Nov. 9, 1978, 92 Stat. 3344; Pub. L. 96–88, title V, § 509(b),Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 695.)
References in Text
This chapter, referred to in subsec. (b)(1), was in the original "this Act", meaning Pub. L. 95–620, Nov. 9, 1978, 92 Stat. 3289, known as the Powerplant and Industrial Fuel Use Act of 1978, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 8301 of this title and Tables.
The effective date of this chapter, referred to in subsec. (c), is the effective date of Pub. L. 95–620. See section 901 ofPub. L. 95–620, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8301 of this title.
Change of Name
"Department of Health and Human Services" substituted for "Department of Health, Education, and Welfare" in subsec. (a), pursuant to section 509(b) ofPub. L. 96–88, which is classified to section 3508 (b) of Title 20, Education.
LII has no control over and does not endorse any external Internet site that contains links to or references LII.


text:
Who knew that the best brownies in the world would.….
1. come from a box (or in this case a bag).
2. take 5 minutes and zero brain power.
3. be gluten free.
4. all be bought with a one stop shop at Trader Joes for under ten bucks!?!
These are "doctored up" because I add an extra 6-7 doses of chocolate plus a sprinkling of sea salt on the top.
Trader Joe's Gluten Free Brownie Mix
1 egg
1 stick of butter
¼ cup water
½ cup of Trader Joe's cocoa powder
3oz Valharona or Trader Joe's 70% Dark Chocolate Bar
Coconut Oil or Butter (for greasing the pan)
1. Preheat oven to 350 degrees. Grease an 8x8 pan with coconut oil or butter.
2. Combine the brownie mix,cocoa powder, water and egg together in a large mixing bowl.
3. Melt the dark chocolate and butter together over the stovetop and then let cool just a bit.
4. Add the butter and chocolate mixture to the brownie mixture and mix together until well combined. (It will look more like a dough than a batter).
5. Spread the brownie mixture evenly in the pan.
6. Bake for 30 minutes. Allow to cool. Cut into small squares and stick in freezer if you like.
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