text:
A hydrodynamically propelled catheter primarily intended for use in the placement of temporary pacemakers into the right ventricle of a patient. The cephalic end of the catheter is constructed to define a plurality of nozzle orifices for the expulsion of a pressurized fluid so that the catheter will be propelled through the patient's vascular system, past the tricuspid valve, and into the right ventricle. Standard electrodes are provided, and the cathether may further include a balloon segment disposed rearwardly of the cephalic end.
1. A hydrodynamically propelled catheter of the type primarily used for insertion of temporary pacemaker into the right ventricle of a patient's heart, said catheter comprising; an elongated flexible catheter tube for insertion through the patient's blood vessels into the right ventricle, said catheter tube having a cephalic end and a rearward end; said cephalic end including a plurality of rearwardly facing ports substantially equally spaced around the perimeter thereof, eaach of said ports including an axis which defines an angle with the axis of said catheter tube of from about 5� to about 30�; said catheter tube further having at least one fluid lumen disposed longitudinally inside said tube, a distal end of said fluid lumen being in fluid-communicating relation to at least one of said ports and a rearward end of said fluid lumen exiting said catheter tube rearward end, said fluid lumen rearward end being operatively connected to a fluid source whereby fluid may pass from the source through said fluid lumen and be expelled through at least said one port to impart a forward thrust to said cephalic end; said catheter further comprising spaced apart first and second pacing electrodes, said first electrode being disposed substantially adjacent said cephalic end and said second electrode being disposed rearwardly of said cephalic end, both said first and second electrodes being positioned for electrical contact with the patient and being operatively connected to a source of electricity whereby an electrical stimulus may be applied to the patient's heart.
2. A hydrodynamically propelled catheter as in claim 1 wherein said distal end of said fluid lumen is in fluid-communicating relation to each of said ports.
3. A hydrodynamically propelled catheter as in claim 1 wherein said angle is about 30�.
4. A hydrodynamically propelled catheter as in claim 1 wherein said angle is about 15�.
5. A hydrodynamically propelled catheter as in claim 1 wherein said angle is about 5�.
6. A hydrodynamically propelled catheter as in claim 1 wherein said catheter further comprises a balloon segment disposed in surrounding relation to said catheter tube between said first and said second electrode; said catheter tube further including an air lumen disposed longitudinally inside said tube, a distal end of said air lumen being in gas-communicating relation to said balloon segment and a rearward end of said air lumen exiting said catheter tube rearward end, said air lumen rearward end being operatively connected to a gas source whereby said balloon segment may be inflated.
7. A hydrodynamically propelled catheter as in claim 6 further comprising valve means operatively disposed between said air lumen rearward end and the gas source whereby inflation and deflation of said balloon segment may be controlled.
8. A hydrodynamically propelled catheter as in claim 1 further comprising a fluid valve operatively disposed between said fluid lumen rearward end and the fluid source whereby the volume and rate of fluid flow may be controlled.
9. A hydrodynamically propelled catheter as in claim 1 comprising a plurality of said fluid lumens, said distal end of each of said lumens being in fluid-communicating relation to a corresponding one of said ports, and said rearward end of each of said lumens being operatively connected to a fluid source.
10. A hydrodynamically propelled catheter as in claim 9 further comprising a plurality of fluid valves, one of each of said plurality being operatively disposed between each of said fluid lumen rearward ends and the fluid source whereby the volume and rate of fluid flow through each of said ports may be controlled.
11. A hydrodynamically propelled catheter as in claim 1 further comprising an open distal end of said cephalic end in fluid-communicating relation to the interior of said catheter tube whereby the patient's blood may enter said tube, said rearward end of said tube being in fluid-communicating relation to a blood pressure calculator means, whereby the patient's blood pressure may be monitored.
12. A hydrodynamically propelled catheter as in claim 1 wherein said cephalic end is removably attachable to said catheter tube.
13. A hydrodynamically propelled catheter as in claim 12 wherein said cephalic end is screwed onto said catheter tube.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a hydrodynamically propelled catheter for the placement of temporary pacemaker leads into the right ventricle of a patient.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Modern cardiology would not have been nearly so successful if cardiac catheterization had not been realized, initially, for diagnostic and, subsequently, for therapeutic purposes. Cardiac catheterizations are conducted quite routinely today, with the results of such procedures normally being expressed in emperical measurements, and these measurements are used in both diagnosis and treatment.
A primary field of cardiac catheterization treatment is right ventricle pacing, for the insertion of temporary pacemaker leads into the right ventricle, by using a catheter to insert those leads. According to today's relatively standard catheterization procedures, the cephalic end of the catheter is inserted either through the femoral vein or through the subclavical vein into the patient's right atrium. The relatively delicate portion of the insertion procedure is then to pass the catheter through the tricuspid valve and into the patient's right ventricle. A primary purpose of the investigation and study resulting in the development of the hydrodynamically propelled catheter of this invention was to simplify entry into the right ventricle for the purpose of minimizing the operation time and, thus, reducing additional stress to the already "hemodynamically" damaged patient. As is set forth in greater detail below, it has been determined that the use of a hydrodynamically propelled catheter in accord with this invention efficiently and safely accomplishes those results.
It is, of course, understood that numerous forms of cardiac catheters are well known in the prior art. Furthermore, a search of pertinent prior art literature has revealed the existence of devices constructed to utilize hydrodynamic forces during the catheterization procedure. A construction for one such catheter is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,403,985 issued to Boretos and titled Jet Controlled Catheter. According to the disclosure of that patent, the leading end of a catheter tube may be controlled, directionally, by pressurized control fluid issued from selected control ports formed through the tube substantially adjacent its forward end. The catheter of this patent includes a pleated section just rearward of the control ports so that the leading end may bend or turn. Another prior art device is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,475,902 to Schubert, and titled Device for Introducing Medical Instruments into a Body. According to the disclosure of this patent, at least one nozzle, aimed rearwardly with respect to the tip of the device, is provided. Pressurized fluid may escape from this nozzle to exert a force on the device tip to advance it into the body, thereby transporting an instrument coupled to the nozzle tip through the body. Yet another catheter including a plurality of orifices formed just behind its leading end for the discharge of a fluid to impart a thrusting force to the catheter is disclosed in French Pat. No. 74 13271.
However, without in any way questioning the utility of the prior art devices as disclosed and explained in these patents, it is not only significant but somewhat surprising to note the virtual absence of any technical literature discussing or presenting the desirability of utilizing such prior art catheters for the purpose of placing temporary pacemaker leads into a patient's right ventricle. In fact, the current state of the art seems to utilize, primarily, normal blood flow and manual manipulation as observed by x-rays for temporary pacemaker lead insertion. Even though modern medical technology recognizes the necessity of a relatively swift, non-traumatic passage of the catheter through the tricuspid valve, there appears to be no teaching in the prior patent literature of a cather construction which will accomplish these results by the use of hydrodynamic forces. It is therefore clear that a great need in the art remains for a hydrodynamically propelled catheter construction specifically and uniquely designed for temporary pacemaker lead insertion into the right ventricle of a patient.
Briefly stated, the catheter of this invention is in the nature of a heart catheter for inserting temporary pacemaker leads into the right ventricle of a patient. The cephalic end of the catheter is constructed to include a plurality of rearwardly facing orifices, or ports. These ports are in fluid communication with a fluid lumen through which a pressurized fluid may be passed for expulsion through the ports. Because the ports are rearwardly oriented with respect to the cephalic end of the catheter, a propelling force, or thrust, will be imparted to the catheter upon passing the fluid therethrough. Valve means are provided for regulating the flow of fluid through the fluid lumen and out of the ports.
The hydrodynamically propelled catheter further includes electrodes which are electrically connected to a source of pacing electricity, whereby the ultimate temporary pacemaker function may be accomplished. In the preferred embodiment, the cephalic end of the catheter, through which the fluid ports are formed, defines a first electrode, while a second electrode is spaced rearwardly therefrom. Furthermore, the hydrodynamically propelled catheter of this invention may comprise a balloon segment disposed intermediate the electrodes. A valved gas lumen communicates with the balloon segment, whereby the balloon segment may be selectively inflated and deflated. It is to be understood that utilization of the balloon segment in the construction of the hydrodynamically propelled catheter of this invention, while desirable, is not to be imposed as a structural limitation on the scope of the invention. Inasmuch as the gas lumen is valved, it is not required that the balloon segment be inflated pursuant to the scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the hydrodynamically propelled catheter of this invention could be constructed without any balloon segment at all.
The invention accordingly comprises the features of construction, combination of elements, and arrangement of parts which will be exemplified in the constructions hereinafter set forth, and the scope of the invention will be indicated in the claims.
For a fuller understanding of the nature and objects of the invention, reference should be had to the following detailed description taken in connection with the accompanying graphs, drawings and tables, in which:
FIG. 1 is a graphic comparison of catheter velocity without hydronamic assistance and with hydrodynamic assistance.
FIG. 2 is a graphic comparision of catheter acceleration without hydrodynamic assistance and with hydrodynamic assistance.
FIG. 3 is a graphic comparison of catheter distance travelled without hydrodynamic assistance and with hydrodynamic assistance.
FIG. 4 is a graphic representation of the effect of the angle of the exit ports with respect to the axis of the catheter on the forward force generated.
FIG. 5 is a graphic representation of the effect of volume of fluid per time expelled on the forward force generated.
FIG. 6 is a graphic representation of the effect of orifice/port area on the forward force generated.
FIG. 7 illustrates a first embodiment for the hydrodynamically propelled catheter of this invention having two fluid ports.
FIG. 7a illustrates the cephalic tip of the catheter of FIG. 7 modified to include three fluid ports.
FIG. 8 illustrates a hydrodynamically propelled catheter similar to that of FIG. 7 wherein the cephalic end is removable.
FIG. 8a illustrates the cephalic tip of the catheter of FIG. 8 modified to include three fluid ports.
FIG. 9 illustrates an alternate embodiment of the hydrodynamically propelled catheter wherein the distal end of the cephalic tip is open to permit measurement of blood pressure.
FIG. 9a illustrates the cephalic tip of the catheter of FIG. 9 modified to include three fluid ports.
FIG. 10 illustrates yet another embodiment of the hydrodynamically propelled catheter of this invention wherein a separate fluid lumen communicates with each fluid port to permit enhanced lateral mobility of the catheter.
TABLE 1 is a summary of the comparative data presented in the graphs of FIGS. 1-6.
Similar reference characters refer to similar parts through the several views of the drawings.
While specific embodiments for the hydrodynamically propelled catheter of this invention will be discussed below, certain general statements concerning catheter construction are relatively standard among all embodiments. It is, of course, to be understood that these "standard" characteristics are presented for illustrative purposes only in order to enable one skilled in the art to practice the invention described and claimed herein. The scope of the invention is not to be limited by these general characteristics of materials and sizes. It is also to be understood that the hydrodynamically propelled catheter of this invention would be used in combination with other equipment and procedures normally utilized for heart catheterization for the purpose of inserting temporary pacemaker leads.
Average length of the catheter falls within the range of from about 75 cm to about 120 cm. The preferred external diameter of the catheter is about 0.23 cm. The surface area of the cephalic tip is about 0.04152 cm2. Each embodiment of the catheter has at least two lumens. A fluid lumen is generally disposed along the axis of the catheter, and a second lumen is provided for inflating the cather's balloon. Balloon inflation may be accomplished by air or by carbon dioxide. The balloon is positioned substantially adjacent the cephalic end of the catheter, between the cather's two electrodes. When inflated, the balloon's diameter is about 1 cm, and it has a capacity of about 1.3 cm3.
Preferably, the electrical system of the pacing catheter is constituted by two poles, or electrodes, formed as rings around the catheter. The first electrode is the cephalic end, and the second electrode is spaced apart from the first electrode. When the catheter is constructed to include a balloon, the balloon is disposed between the two electrodes. Of course, appropriate electrical conduits are connected to each electrode whereby a pacing current may be applied to the patient.
At the external end of the catheter there are two orifices, one of which communicates with each of the respective fluid and air lumens. As indicated above, either air or carbon dioxide may be injected in to the air lumen for inflating the balloon, and the air lumen is valved. The fluid lumen is utilized for injecting a definite amount of normal saline solution (volume per time) and is also valved. As will be explained in greater detail, it is the expulsion of normal saline from ports formed substantially adjacent the cephalic tip of the catheter of this invention which provide a hydrodynamic force to assist in its proper placement within the patient's right ventricle.
At least a pair of fluid ports are formed at the cephalic tip of the catheter in symmetrical relation to each other, and these ports are in fluid communication with the fluid lumen. The ports are angled rearwardly, preferably at an angle of about 30� with respect to the axis of the catheter, so that fluid will be expelled rearwardly therefrom, imparting a forward thrust to the catheter's cephalic tip. Though not strictly limited thereto, a preferred diamter for the fluid ports is about 0.05 cm, resulting in a port area of about 0.0019 cm2.
Pursuant to known procedures and technique, the catheter body is preferably formed from a radiopaque polyvinylchloride having marks along its length every 10 cm. The electrode rings are preferrably formed from stainless steel.
Initial insertion procedures are substantially identical for all embodiments of the hydrodynamically propelled catheter of this invention. First, the fluid lumen is filled with normal saline and its valve is closed before initial insertion. Known techniques are utilized for inserting the catheter into the patient's venous systems into the right atrium. At this point, the balloon segment is preferably inflated and normal saline solution is injected through the fluid lumen to be expelled from the fluid ports. This creates a forward force on the catheter cephalic tip significantly enhancing both the speed and efficiency of passage through the tricuspid valve into the patient's right ventricle. As is shown in detail comparative figures below, placement of the temporary pacemaker leads utilizing a hydrodynamically propelled catheter in accord with this invention is much mor efficient than placement without such hydrodynamic assistance.
Referring now to the view of FIG. 7, a first embodiment 20 of the hydrodynamically propelled catheter is depicted. A balloon segment 22 is shown in dotted lines intermediate the length of catheter 20 between first electrode contact 24 and second electrode contact 26. Balloon segment 22 may be inflated by permitting air to pass valve 28 into air lumen 30 and out air orifice 32. Air flow is indicated by directional arrows A.
Hydrodynamic fluid (normal saline solution) is admitted into catheter 20 past fluid valve 34, into fluid lumen 36, and fluid is expelled through fluid ports 38. Fluid flow is indicated by directional arrows B. As clearly seen in the view of FIG. 7, fluid ports 38 define an angle f of about 30� and are rearwardly facing with respect to distal end 40 of the catheter's cephalic tip 42. Distal end 40 is closed in the embodiment 20 shown in the view of FIG. 7.
FIG. 7a shows a cephalic tip 42' substantially identical to that of FIG. 7. The structural difference between the tip of FIG. 7a and that of FIG. 7 is the formation of three fluid ports 38', equally spaced in tip 42' and each communicating with fluid lumen 36. It has been determined that the existence and operation of the three-port embodiment of FIG. 7a results in better balance and control of the catheter as it moves past the tricuspid valve.
FIG. 8 shows a second embodiment 44 for the hydrodynamically propelled catheter of this invention. Upon comparing catheter 44 with catheter 20, it can be seen that a primary structural difference is the fact that cephalic tip 46 of catheter 44 is removably attached as by threads 48 to catheter tube 50. In this embodiment 44, the fluid lumen 36 is enlarged, and the air lumen 30 is narrowed, but their operation and use are virtually identical to that described with regard to drawing FIG. 7.
In FIG. 8a, an alternate construction for removable tip 46' is shown and comprises three fluid ports 38' in a fashion similar to that of FIG. 7a.
The view of FIG. 9 represents a third embodiment 52 of the hydrodynamically propelled catheter. The cephalic tip 42 is substantially identical to that of FIG. 7 with one significant modification. Distal end 54 of third embodiment 52 is open to permit the passage of the patient's blood therethrough for pressure monitoring as by the external pressure calculator schematically indicated at 56. Blood flow through catheter 52 is indicated by directional arrows C. Other structural details of this third embodiment 52 correspond to those of catheter 20 shown in FIG. 7. As with FIGS. 7a and 8a, drawing FIG. 9a represents a cephalic tip 42' including three fluid ports 38'. In other respects, cephalic tip 42' of FIG. 9a corresponds to tip 42 of FIG. 9.
Yet a fourth embodiment 58 for the hydrodynamically propelled catheter of this invention is shown in drawing FIG. 10. While the construction of catheter 58 is almost identical to catheter 20 of FIG. 7, one significant structural distinction is the provision of two fluid lumens 36a and 36b. Furthermore, fluid lumen 36a communicates with fluid port 38a, and fluid lumen 36b communicates with fluid port 38b. Since each of the fluid lumens further includes its individual fluid valve 34a and 34b, normal saline solution may be passed through either one or both of the fluid ports 38a and 38b. Construction of catheter 58 to define separate, distinct fluid passages as shown in FIG. 10 permits greater lateral mobility of cephalic tip 42. It is, of course, to be understood that the number of fluid ports could be increased with a corresponding increase of fluid lumens and associated valves.
Having thus set forth preferred embodiments for constructions of a hydrodynamically propelled catheter, attention is now invited to the following theoretical calculations demonstrating the enhanced utility and safety of such a catheter for the placement of temporary pacemakers in a patient's right ventricle. For purposes of these theoretical considerations, blood flow velocity at the diastolic period of the cardiac cycle must be considered for it is at that period when the cephalic tip of the pacing catheter will be at the lower point of the patient's right atrium, immediately before the tricuspid valve orifice, "waiting" for that valve to open so that the pacemaker leads may be inserted into the right ventricle.
If we suppose that about 5.000 cm3 of blood are passed through an orifice, just before the tricuspid valve orifice at every minute, at the diastolic phase (about 0.38 sec) having a cardiac frequency about 90/min., the diastolic filing period will be:
0.38�90=34 sec/min.
So, the diastolic blood's flow will be about 147 cm3 /sec. Diastolic blood's flow period is subdivided in three periods and starts with the tricuspid valve opening (in right circulation). Blood will start flowing from the right atrium to the right ventricle. In this "rapid filling" phase, blood's flow is influenced by the pressure gradient, between the right atrium and the right ventricle (approximately from V wave to Y wave of the right atrium's pressure curve). This period will be about 0.06-0.09 sec. and is approximately estimated by hemodynamic curves and Echocardiograms of the tricuspid valve.
The second period of diastolic blood's flow, immediately starts and finishes in a wave. This period is called "slow diastolic filling period." At this phase, there is a minimum blood flow because of a small gradient existence, when the cusps of the tricuspid valve are slightly opened. This time period is about 0.20-0.22 sec.
The last period of diastolic phase, begins from the start of atrium contraction, in which the blood's flow makes the cusps of tricuspid valve open. This period terminates at the moment of tricuspid valve closure, and the duration of the period, is approximately 0.10 sec. The third phase (right atrium contraction) participates in right ventricle filling at about 20 percent (20%), that is to say about 29 cm3 /sec of blood.
If one would suppose that the blood volume which is passed through at the second diastolic phase is small, (because of small pressure gradient) when the cusps of tricuspid valve are slightly opened, then the greatest volume will be passed at the V-Y phase (about 100 cm3 /sec.).
If one would suppose that there is an "hypothetical" lower right atrium orifice, just before the tricuspid valve and its diameter is about 4 cm, the corresponding surface orifices (if is supposed that right atrium looks like a cylinder) will be:
S=π�R2 =12.56 cm2.
Dividing the blood's volume which is passed through this orifice, at V-Y phase, we will have an approximate blood flow velocity of 7.96 cm/sec.
Now, one must consider the influence of these blood flow parameters on the cephalic tip of the pacing catheter, which is waiting at the same lower right atrium's level, just before the tricuspid valve orifice. One must also estimate the total surface defined by the initial (cephalic) 5 cm of the catheter, as well as the sectional surface of the inflated balloon. The inflated balloon has a 1 cm diameter and contains about 1 cm3 of air. The balloon's sectional surface will be about 0.78 cm2. The sectional surface of the first 5 cm of the catheter will be about 1.15 cm2. The coefficient of resistance of the inflated balloon is 0.25 and the coefficient of resistance of the catheter is about 0.90. After that, we shall study the "total" resistance which is created, because of blood flow, using the next type: ##EQU1## where, TB =Total blood's resistance (dynes)
k=Coefficient resistance, (depends on the form of the object).
p=Density of blood (here we use not 1.05-106 but 1.0).
S=The sectional surface (cm2).
UB =Blood velocity (cm/sec.). ##EQU2## where, TB1 =Blood's resistance on inflated balloon.
TB2 =Blood's resistance on the initial segment of the catheter. (cylinder 5 cm).
So, that at (V-Y phase:)
TB1 =0.25�0.78�7.962 =12.35 (dynes).
TB2 =0.90�1.15�7.962 =65.57 (dynes).
and TB =TB1 +TB2 =77.92 (dynes).
At phase (a).
TB1 =0.25�0.18�2.32 =1.03 (dynes).
TB2 =0.90�1.15�2.32 =5.47 (dynes).
TB =TB1 +TB2 =6.5 (dynes).
Thus, at the V-Y phase, the catheter cephalic tip receives about 77.92 dynes (the maximum) force forwards, and at (a) phase, about 6.5 dynes.
Now we consider the corresponding acceleration of the catheter cephalic tip because of the diastolic blood flow. For this purpose we determine the mass (M), of the initially 10 cm of the catheter. The weight of this is about 0.25 g.
When the balloon segment is inflated, the cephalic tip is lighter and the balloon helps it to be placed in a more "central" position, where the blood's velocity is higher. So, using the well known formula: ##EQU3## we estimate the acceleration and the distance traveled of the cephalic tip at phases (V-Y) and (a).
At phase V-Y: ##EQU4## (P) indicates "passive," helped only by blood flow. If t=0.06 (sec), Up =3.11.68�0.06=18.70 (cm/sec) and Sp =0.56 (cm).
If t=0.09 (sec), Up =28.05 (cm/sec) and Sp =1.26 (cm).
At phase (a):
If t=0.10 (sec), gp=6.5/0.25=26 (cm/sec2).
Up=2.6 (cm/sec) and Sp =0.13 (cm).
The intervals of time which have been determined are only those at which the cephalic tip can be passed through the tricuspid valve.
Now, we will consider the catheter's "moving" parameters, which arise (in addition to blood flow) when we also operate the "hydrodynamic system."
The cephalic tip of the catheter is placed at the right atrium before the tricuspid valve, just after filling the water lumen with normal saline and heparine (for avoidance of lumen orifices thrombosis and pulmonary air embolization). At this place, there is a forward force by the diastolic blood's flow and, when we inject normal saline through the water lumen we add another forward force F, on the cephalic tip.
This forward force depends on the velocity (U1 and sectional surface of the saline injector piston (S1). If these are (n) ports on the cephalic tip, the velocity of normal saline flow which comes out will be: ##EQU5## where, S2 =surface of each water lumen.
The relative (with catheter) velocity of normal saline flow which comes out will be: ##EQU6## where, cosf=the cosine of angle f, that is to say, the angle which is made between each fluid port orifice and the longitudinal axis of the catheter.
The formula: ##EQU7## gives the forward force, because of the existence of normal saline flow through the fluid ports.
The formula: ##EQU8## where M=mass (of normal saline), p=the density of normal saline and V=the volume of this, we derive the following formula: ##EQU9## Here, it is observed that the weight of the initial 10 centimeters of the catheter, without normal saline, is about 0.25 gr. The weight with the water lumen filled by normal saline (hydrodynamic system operation) will be, as it has been estimated, about 0.66 gr. After this, we also estimate the acceleration, the velocity and the distance travelled of the cephalic tip of the catheter with hydrodynamic assistance.
We apply the following formulas: ##EQU10## gT =total acceleration (in cm/sec2) (acceleration which has resulted from hydrodynamic system operation, in addition to the diastolic blood flow). ##EQU11##
A catheter, having a sectional surface of about 0.04152 cm2, three angled water ports, each being about 0.0019 cm2 in surface and an angle f=30� gives the results which are shown on Table 1. On Table 1 are described the "moving" parameters of the cephalic tip of the catheter which are dependent on the injected normal saline volumes and the blood flow. Table 1 compares these parameters with the parameters of "passively" moving catheters (without hydrodynamic system operation).
If the coefficient of friction of the polyvinylchloride catheter is about 2, the coefficient of friction is given by the following equation:
where F=the minimum attractive force which is necessary to obtain the least catheter's moving which is in contact with a non lubricated metal surface, and having the weight of catheter (the first ten cm)=0.66, we find out the minimum pulling (attractive) force, which is necessary to move this catheter, as follows:
F=2�0.66=1.32 gr, or 1294.92 dynes
That is to say that we need this minimum force in order to obtain the least moving but it is estimated "in vitro" conditions and having friction forces on a metal surface.
When the catheter will be moved "in vivo" conditions, through a liquid (as blood), we need a diminished force to move it slightly.
Another advantage of a "hydrodynamic" catheter is when we use it in pathological hemodynamic conditions, where exists a poorest help from only the diastolic blood's flow.
At FIGS. 1, 2 and 3, one sees graphically, and can compare, the moving parameters of velocity acceleration and the distance travelled of the cephalic tip of catheter, which are dependent on the injected (volume/time) normal saline flows, passively and in addition to the hydrodynamic system operation.
FIG. 4 graphically expresses the influence of angle f on the forward force. For example, if one decreases this angle from 30� to 15�, an increase of the forward force (F) of about 12% will result. The increase of this force will be about 16%, if one decreases this angle from 30� to 5�.
FIG. 5 expresses the curve of forward force, which is dependent on the volum per time which has been injected.
FIG. 6, shows the effect of the area of the fluid port on forward force alterations. For example, if the area of each port is changed from 0.07 cm2 to 0.0019 cm2 (is decreased in 1:3), there will be a 100% increase of forward attractive force on the catheter's cephalic tip.
It will thus be seen that the objects set forth above, among those made apparent from the preceding description, are efficiently attained, and since certain changes may be made in the above constructions without departing from the scope of the invention, it is intended that all matter contained in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.
It is also to be understood that the following claims are intended to cover all of the generic and specific features of the invention herein described, and all statements of the scope of the invention which, as a matter of language, might be said to fall therebetween.
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2014 was one of the least interesting years in animation I can remember from a studio perspective. Granted, I didn't see Penguins of Madagascar or The Book of Life, but at the same time I didn't really want to and neither Dreamworks or Fox even bothered sending either film to members of the Broadcast Film Critics Association for consideration for this year's Critics Choice Awards. Yikes, if the studio has that little confidence in the movies what does that say about themc The "best" animated films of the year that I saw were How to Train Your Dragon 2 and, I guess, Big Hero 6, neither of which really moved the dial and the former resulted in Dreamworks scrapping plans for two more Dragon films and deciding a third would suffice. So what do we have to look forward to in 2015c Will the new year be any betterc Well, in »
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But even with those films gone, there's still no shortage of huge movies battling for your cash in a year's time. And as is traditional for us at the start of summer blockbuster season, we've taken a look at what's coming up in 12 months' time.
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Feature James Clayton 31 Jan 2014 - 07:30
The arrival of I, Frankenstein leaves James pondering the enduring phenomenon of Mary Shelley's seminal creation...
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- ryanlambie
14 January 2014 6:41 PM, PST | We Got This Covered | See recent We Got This Covered news »
Today was a busy day for some of the smaller guilds with the Visual Effects Society, the Cinema Audio Society, and the Makeup and Hairstylists Guilds all announcing their nominations for 2013.
First, we have the Ves, whose main category to look at is "Outstanding Visual Effects in a Visual Effects-Driven Feature Motion Picture," where we find Gravity and four other nominees that are just going to have to be happy with the fact that they got nominated. This is perhaps the easiest category to call in the entirety of awards season, and I don't mean just here, but for the Oscar as well (Last year's winner, Life of Pi, easily took this category before going on to claim the Oscar). It's true that films like The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug and Star Trek Into Darkness had outstanding effects as well, but nothing even came close to the amazing, »
- Jeff Beck
5 items from 2014
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Ingredients: Redmond clay (bentonite clay of the montmorillonite family).
Avoid contact with eyes. For external use only. Avoid inhalation.
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Redmond Trading Company Baby Powder -- 3 oz
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Redmond Clay™ Baby Powder is talc-free and unrefined, perfect for your baby's sensitive skin. This rare, high-desert clay has no chemicals or fragrances, so you don't have to worry about allergies or skin irritations.
Vitacost price: $5.35


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The Amati model AAS 33 is an entry-level Saxophone designed for children and young students. Its main...
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12 Reasons Why Your Business Needs Pinterest Marketing
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Pinterest for Business
Learn about Pinterest for business marketing, including tips, pros and cons, infographics, checklists and ebooks. Click image or title to see full post. http://pinterest.pegcorwin.com http://pinterest.com/fbforbusiness/boards/.
Curated by Peg Corwin
12 Reasons Why Your Business Needs Pinterest Marketing
Some of the reasons to use Pinterest are heavy traffic and new customers. Interested?
Four Seasons: Making luxury travel possible with Pinterest
When you have a luxury travel brand like the Four Seasons, you can have sophisticated and varied Pinterest boards to showcase your offerings and themes. Read and see how this high end brand takes advantage of all Pinterest's visual potential in the travel niche.
If you like this scoop, would you consider a thumbs up or share.
A feed just for shopping
If you sell GIFT PRODUCtS, read this to see how you can get relevant Pinterest Pins of those products into its new Gifts feed, which can be filtered by price.
If you like this scoop, would you consider a thumbs up or share.
The coffee company asked Pinterest fans for inspiration for a new coffee blend and it is celebrating the launch with a living Pinterest board at the Mall of America.
Learn about a coffee inspired by Pinterest users and the brand's followup engagement with Pinners described.
If you like this scoop, would you consider a thumbs up or share?
Video: Target uses Pinterest to inspire customers
Bonnie Gross, Target's VP of digital marketing & loyalty, talks about how Target uses Pinterest to inspire and connect with customers.
If you like this scoop, would you consider a thumbs up or share?
Listen to Bonnie Gross, Target's VP of digital marketing & loyalty, talk about how Target uses Pinterest to inspire and connect with customers.
As peak holiday booking time arrives, Jaylee Miguel takes a look at three top travel brands - KLM, American Airlines and Thomas Cook - on social media.
On Thomas Cook's Pinterest boards, find "stacks of stunning snaps of its holiday locations, vintage posters from days gone by and links to travel guides. It also pins more factual content, such as company results, details of last year's rebrand and new recruits."
See also what they do on Facebook.
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Retailer Target is taking a new approach to e-commerce with the launch of an online storefront powered by Pinterest recommendations. Target's "Awesome Shop
''Target's "Awesome Shop" is refreshed daily using a combination of data from their own online store and the Pinterest API. The store features the most pinned items from Target on Pinterest, as well as the highest reviewed products on Target.com."
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Online shopping which u can buy from home easily with lots of designs of cloths and new technology mobile phones without going out for shopping .... just click here to go eaZy http://greenfortuneshoppe.blogspot.in/
How your brand can be part of the Pinterest experience
The 4 stages of interest, on PINTEREST and in general, are aspiration, anticipation, participation and reflection.
"Pinterest is most often used in the first three stages, and the most successful businesses on our service help people along the journey. They create and curate inspiring content, make it easy to add inspirational and useful Pins from their website and write thoughtful Pin and board descriptions so people can find what they're looking for."
If you like this scoop, please consider a thumbs up or share.
Your job as the pinner is to navigate through the website and find the content that will be beneficial for your brand and your audience. Here are four tips to make the Pinterest searching process a little easier.
To find better PINS on PINTEREST:
- "Use the categories
- Pin from other websites
- Check the pin
- Utilize the search"
Quote: "Your job as the pinner is to navigate through the website and find the content that will be beneficial for your brand and your audience. Here are four tips to make the Pinterest searching process a little easier."
If you like this scoop, please consider a thumbs up or share.
J.Crew is debuting its September catalog on Pinterest, the first clothing brand to do so.
"...so far as we've aware, J.Crew is the first clothing brand to debut its catalog on the image-based network."
If you like this scoop, please consider a Thumbs Up or Share.
Just a few months ago, Pinterest took a big step forward in its utility for businesses by providing free access to its own suite of analytics tools.
Brands should care about the viral nature of Pinterest because "Reach is the first step in the purchase funnel and the first opportunity to compare Pinterest to other social media spending."
Brands should care about click through being close to search results because "if you can calculate the value of inbound web visitors, Pinterest makes it very easy for you to prove ROI today."
If you like this scoop, please consider a Thumbs Up or Share.
The latest Pinterest upgrade amps up the mobile presence and adds more information to pins from brand partners, including prices, recipes and reviews.(see graphic at right)
Note that brand partnerships bring new pin format, as shown in this graphic. Also a new emphasis on mobile.
Approximately 70% of brand engagement on Pinterest is generated by users, according to a recent study by Digitas and Curalate. However, companies in the fashion retail and autom...
"Brands need to go forth and pin," said senior vice president of social, mobile, and content lead at Digitas Jordan Bitterman. "This study reveals the opportunity for brands to drive the conversation on visual platforms like Pinterest. By leveraging rich consumer insight, brands can take the guesswork out of their visual content strategy, and share the types of images their audience wants to see."
Curalate says that aspirational products do well on Pinterest.
Their study shows that fashion and auto brands are not that active, but electronics and e-health devide brands are.
Turning blogging into a consulting job: read how a mother of three stays on top of the changing world of social while managing her busy home life and clients.
Major brands are currently losing hundreds of thousands of followers on Pinterest in a matter of minutes, following an initiative to crack down on spam.
Pinterest may be the hot new trend in social media but 44% of the marketing and advertising execs The Creative Group surveyed said they had
Blog post at ComputerHowToGuide.com : Pinterest is a relatively new kid on the block of social media marketing. Firstly designed as a way to spread images on a social level, it i[..]
Pinterest Contests for Business: Learn how running contests on Pinterest is a great way to expose your brand to a large audience and attract new followers.
Get inspired by 28 creative pinboard ideas -- from real brands -- to power your Pinterest marketing.
Blog post at Two-Sided Perspective : Social Networking sites are given are given focused by a lot of marketers who would like to succeed in their online marketing venture. With [..]
Discover industries that are successfully using Pinterest that you wouldn't expect to rock visual content.
Social media consulting for midsize businesses
If your brand still isn't using Pinterest, then it's time to step in and take advantage of its enormous popularity – by now, it's certain that Pinterest isn't a fad, so don't wait anymore.
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Hi Guys,
I bought a K-Rust - rust remover pencil from halfords today and ordered some touch-up paint and i was wondering if anyone had any hints/tips on usin the stuff...it's only a tiny wee stone chip on my bonnet right above the chrome strip and im just waitnig for the paint to arrive and a sunny day - and i know, i live in Scotland, i could be waiting a while....
Touch-Up Paint
Started by jordan_macgregor, May 06 2012 09:14 PMtouch-up paint rust
3 replies to this topic
Posted 06 May 2012 - 09:14 PM
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Posted 07 May 2012 - 11:03 AM
I wanted to buy for my Tango red Fiesta, but I can't find it on Ebay. Does anyone know where I can buy that kind of touch-up paint?
Posted 07 May 2012 - 02:56 PM
I wanted to buy for my Tango red Fiesta, but I can't find it on Ebay. Does anyone know where I can buy that kind of touch-up paint?
you weren't looking hard enough ha....
Hope it helps...
Posted 07 May 2012 - 09:55 PM
I guess I missed it. Thanks a lot.
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"He felt comfortable from a legal standpoint signing the resolution," Duryea said. She said he sought advice from the county's legal counsel before doing so.
She added Breslin also supports the resolution, since it will save retirees and town employee's money in the tough economic climate.
"Hopefully, in the next month it will be up and running and we'll save some money," Morse said. "These are tough economic times. Everybody is trying to figure out ways to save money," he said.
The law allows county employees to buy prescription brand-name drugs through the Canadian drug company CanaRx for what Morse said is 30 to 60 percent less than it was previously paying. He said county employees will have the option to opt into the program but would not be obligated to. He said employees who participate will have no co-pay, and it would affect county employees and retirees who are insured through the county.
As an example, Morse said Albany County spent close to $844,000 on the Nexium, one of the most popular acid reflux disease drugs on the market, and purchasing the medicine through CanaRx could cut that price in half.
In total, Morse estimates savings between $800,000 and $3 million depending on how many employees sign up for the program.
Morse said the biggest opposition to the bill has been pharmaceutical lobbyists who claim that Canadian drugs are held to a lower standard than U.S. drugs, but Morse said these claims have no factual backing.
Morse said he has put close to three years of research into the bill, and has not encountered any cases of Canadian medicine being unsafe.
He noted that the packaging and color might be different, but the drugs are essentially the same. "The bottom line is the ingredients are the ingredients," he said.
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Vault Collection| WB Archive
Today We Live DVD
Price: $17.99
- Technical Specs
- Format: DVD [MOD]
- Rating: Not Rated
- Run Time: 113 Minutes
- Region: 1
- Aspect Ratio: Fullscreen
- Language: English
- Studio: Warner Archives
- DVD Release Date: June 2, 2009
- Audio: ENGLISH: Mono
**Please be aware that this is a manufactured on demand disc that was created using a DVD-R disc. It should play in all standard DVD players.
Additional Details
- DirectorHoward Hawks
- Primary CastRobert Young Gary Cooper Joan Crawford
- GenreDrama
- Release Date1933


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Universal Studios Monsters: A Legacy of Horror
Universe Pub., 2009 - Performing Arts - 252 pages
From the 1920s through the 1950s, Universal Studios was Hollywood's number one studio for horror pictures, haunting movie theaters worldwide with Dracula, Frankenstein, and the Creature from the Black Lagoon, among others. Universal Studios Monsters: A Legacy of Horror explores all of these enduring characters, chronicling both the mythology behind the films and offering behind-the-scenes insights into how the films were created. Universal Studios Monsters is the most complete record of the horror films of this legendary studio, with biographies of major personalities who were responsible for the most notable monster melodramas in film history. The stories of these films and their creators are told through interviews with surviving actors and studio employees. A lavish photographic record, including many behind-the-scenes shots, completes the story of how these classics were made. This is a volume no fan of imaginative cinema will want to be without.
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LibraryThing ReviewUser Review - Michael.Rimmer - LibraryThing
A must for any fan of the Universal Monster movies. Beautifully illustrated with film stills, promotional photos, posters, lobby cards and behind-the-scenes photos (my favourite being Boris Karloff in ... Read full review
Review: Universal Studios Monsters: A Legacy of HorrorUser Review - Goodreads
I'd give it 2.5/5 The good: Lot's of great pictures and some nice profiles on the people behind the scenes and actors from the films. The bad: 90% of the book is detailed movie recaps. Which would be ... Read full review


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Welcome to Bosduifklip Restaurant & Wedding Venue
Bosduifklip is a naturally rustic and down to earth restaurant and wedding venue on a West Coast farm, just 4km outside Lambertsbay. Here you dine while looking out on the Jakkalsrivier and farm or under the stars at night.
We had our first guests already back in 1991 and have since grown to become one of the best known West Coast restaurants.
Our food is prepared with lots of love and is made from perfected age old family recipes. We have combined Sandveld and West Coast in a delicious menu with dishes like: crayfish and mussels, snoek and sweet potato, lamb on spit, salads, home baked bread and jams and to round it off the famous Bosduifklip sweet dumplings (ouma se souskluitjies).
Besides our "onvergeetbare" food we are also situated against beautiful rock formations that we light up at night to create the most romantic setting. We have an open air restaurant section and a under roof area that is build over a old 'kraal' building dating back to 1941, each accommodating up to 150 guests. We also have a fully licensed bar and two outdoor dance floors where you can dance under the stars with your loved one and be swept away to create long-lasting memories.
With history, atmosphere, great food, amazing west coast people and ….. yes only you are still missing.
Please note we are only open per reservation.
So book your next holiday / wedding / event in Lambertsbay and come experience the place everyone is talking about!
At Bosduifklip Restaurant functions and wedding experiences become a cherished memory.


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How could "The Good Wife" not make the cut this year? That was the question top of mind for many bizzers Thursday morning as they digested the news of the 66th annual Primetime Emmy Awards nominations.
No doubt the drama series competition was fierce this year but the universal acclaim for "Good Wife's" fifth season made it seem a slam-dunk for a return to the top race. The fact that "Downton Abbey" made the cut in a year when buzz on the PBS period sudser was definitely down a few notches only magnified the surprise for "Good Wife" fans.
SNUB: Michael Sheen. Hard to believe that voters didn't rally behind his fine slow-burn work as the repressed but adventurous sex research pioneer William Masters in Showtime's "Masters of Sex." Sheen's omission from the very tough lead drama actor race stands in contrast to his research associate, Lizzy Caplan, landing a lead actress nod for her work as Virginia Johnson.
SNUB: Tatiana Maslany. How many roles does a woman have to play in one show to get voters' attention? The "Orphan Black" star was seen as a very strong contender this year.
SNUB: Elisabeth Moss. This is just so Peggy. After landing a lead actress nom last year it seemed a shoo-in that Moss would be back after an incredible, if short, run in "Mad Men's" season 7-A.
SNUB: "Girls." Lena Dunham was recognized for lead comedy actress but not the show, after two consecutive comedy series bids.
SNUB: James Spader. His commanding performance in the show that helped put NBC back on top was expected to generate a little Emmy love. But not this year.
SURPRISE: "Treme." David Simon fans long ago wrote off the Emmys for failing to recognize "The Wire" all those years. But his love letter to New Orleans got a last-minute reprieve with two noms (including writing for Simon and Eric Overmyer) for its final shortened season. Too bad it's in the miniseries category that is all but assured to revolve around "Fargo" when the winners are handed out next month.
SURPRISE: Steve Buscemi. He deserves recognition for "Boardwalk Empire," which has the misfortune of being overshadowed by buzzier shows even as the HBO period piece was never better than in its fourth season. Instead, Buscemi gets two noms for showing his funny side: as guests star for "Portlandia," and for his AOL series "Park Bench with Steve Buscemi (in the short-format nonfiction program category).
SURPRISE: "Killing Kennedy." Admittedly it was a thin year for telepics -- and the glossy, star-packed "The Normal Heart" is likely to steamroll to the win -- but it was still a surprise that Nat Geo TV's thriller beat out BBC America's "Burton and Taylor" for a slot in the best movie heat.
SURPRISE: Ricky Gervais. The comedian's infectious charm -- and incessant tweeting -- paid off with a lead comedy actor nom for the low-profile "Derek," a Netflix import from the U.K.'s Channel 4.
SNUB: "The Americans." After landing multiple nods in the Critics Choice Television Awards and TCA Awards, momentum seemed to be building for the stylish FX drama. Matthew Rhys in particular would have been a sexy choice in the lead actor derby. He and fellow Brit Michael Sheen might be heading to a pub to commiserate.
SNUB: Anna Faris. The star of CBS' "Mom" went through a lot in the show's first season, showing her range and comedic chops. This hard-working single-mom deserved better.
SNUB: Mariska Hargitay. The star of NBC's "Law & Order: SVU" went to hell and back in the show's 15th (yes, 1-5) season. And she directed her first episode. Usually that kind of work ethic impresses voters.
SURPRISE: "The Simpsons." The toon titan was left out of the animated series race for the first time since 1994.
SURPRISE: "The White Queen." The Starz/BBC miniseries about a feisty contender to the throne made the cut in the top miniseries race while the more critically appreciated "Dancing on the Edge," another Starz-Beeb tango, did not.
SNUB: Damian Lewis. "Homeland's" provocateur swung from the gallows in his big farewell from the show. That probably would have been enough for a nom in a less competitive year.
SNUB: Andy Samberg. "Brooklyn Nine-Nine's" wisecracking cop will have to console himself with his Golden Globe for best actor in a TV comedy (which was also snubbed for best comedy).
SURPRISE: Jeff Daniels. Yes, he won last year, but this wasn't exactly a standout season for "The Newsroom" star. And his inclusion meant that others were left off: Michael Sheen, James Spader, Liev Schreiber.


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Book your room at Fitzpatrick Grand Central
Deluxe RoomMax Occupancy: 2 guests (up to 1 child, 1 infant)
Get an overview of this hotelIrish hotel near New York's Grand Central Terminal
Railroad theme
This Midtown East hotel, 2 blocks from Grand Central Terminal and 6 blocks from Rockefeller Center, pays tribute to railroaders and the Old Country.
Pub with a brogue
Designed by the Irish Pub Company, the Fitzpatrick Grand Central's rustic, Old World-style workers' pub serves breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Guests will also enjoy complimentary access to the NYSC gym just down the street.
Contemporary comfort
Guestrooms at this New York hotel include pillowtop mattresses, down duvets, and wireless Internet access. Cherrywood furniture and brocade drapes create a period look.Information missing or incorrect? Tell us!
Hotel Amenities
Hotel Amenities
A fitness center/exercise studio, 4 blocks from the Fitzpatrick Grand Central, offers guests complimentary day passes. There are 6 meeting rooms to accommodate business needs. Complimentary wireless Internet access in the lobby and restaurant.
Ground transportation:
Shuttle vans and private cars of varying prices are available. They can be reserved during the process of booking a reservation for this hotel, via this Web site, and added to the total trip cost. Guest parking is available at a surcharge.
- Free WiFi
- Restaurant
- Bar/lounge
- Breakfast available (surcharge)
- Valet parking (surcharge)
- Number of meeting rooms - 6
- Free use of nearby fitness center
- Concierge services
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Laundry facilities
- 24-hour front desk
- Limo or Town Car service available
- Express check-in
- Free newspapers in lobby
- Multilingual staff
- Hair salon
- Porter/bellhop
- Safe-deposit box at front desk
- Elevator/lift
- Luggage storage
- Smoke-free property
- Number of floors - 10
- Total number of rooms - 155
Family Friendly Amenities
- Free Wi-Fi
- Rollaway/extra beds available
- In-room childcare (surcharge)
- Laundry facilities
Available in all rooms: Wireless internet access ( 14.95 USD per 24-hour period )
Available in some public areas: Free WiFi
Valet parking (surcharge)
Room Amenities
- WiFi (surcharge)
- Pillowtop mattress
- Room service (24 hours)
- Cable TV service
- Premium TV channels
- Premium bedding
- Shower/tub combination
- Coffee/tea maker
- Cribs/infant beds available
- Rollaway/extra beds available
- Daily housekeeping
- Turndown service
- Video-game console
- In-room childcare (surcharge)
- Hair dryer
- In-room safe (laptop compatible)
- Bathrobes
- Free toiletries
- Phone
- Iron/ironing board
- Desk
- Blackout drapes/curtains
- Air conditioning
- Climate control
Where to Eat
Wheeltapper Pub - Rustic, cozy Irish pub named for railroaders who inspected train wheels by tapping them. Period railroad memorabilia as decor. Courtyard deck with seating and heat lamps. Open for breakfast, lunch, dinner. Irish fare such as corned beef and cabbage, shepherd's pie, Irish stew, fish & chips. House-made potato chips. Classic Irish breakfast served all day. Draught beers featuring Irish selections. Bar service to after midnight.
Nearby Things to Do
A fitness center 4 blocks from the Fitzpatrick Grand Central offers guests complimentary day passes.
Central Park, one mile north of this New York hotel, offers a variety of recreational opportunities, including ball fields, tennis courts, rowboat rentals, horseback riding, and miles of trails for hiking, biking, running, and in-line skating. Rockefeller Center's skating rink, six blocks away, opens in winter, as does Central Park's Wollman Rink.
The recreational activities listed below are available either on site or near the hotel; fees may apply.
- Hiking/biking trails nearby
Hotel Policies
Minimum check-in age is 21
Check-in time starts at 3 PM
Check-out time is noon
Payment types
Children and extra beds
- Children are welcome.
- Rollaway/extra beds are available.
- Cribs (infant beds) are available.
You need to know
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on hotel policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
- Fee for in-room wireless Internet: USD 14.95 per 24-hour period (rates may vary)
- Valet parking fee: USD 49 per day


text: I booked this hotel from ohio not knowing what area it was in, mistake. There were hookers all up and down the street and to top it off they told me they wouldnt be charging me for my stay till monday but went ahead and took the money out the same night i checked in. It would of been fine... More


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See how to make zesty, creamy deviled eggs.
In this video, you'll see how to make top-rated zesty deviled eggs. These are always a star of the party appetizer platter. You'll also see a great trick for piping the filling into the egg whites. Watch the video, then get HIPPS' top-rated recipe for Di's Delicious Deluxe Deviled Eggs. So creamy and delicious with just the right hint of spicy! See more appetizer videos >>
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French toast is such a perfect breakfast, light lunch, or even supper on these warm days.
Try one of our 100-plus cool cucumber salads.
Delicious recipes, party ideas, and cooking tips! Get a year of Allrecipes magazine for $7.99!


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Originally written on Nightmare on Helm Street | Last updated 2/8/13
Post By Franklin Steele: The Wings just caved in the collective faces of the Blues for the second consecutive time since the opening night fiasco (that's my punk band name for the week... nailed it) and I should be pretty stoked about the final score of 5-1. Petr Mrazek played very well, but there is one moment that stands out to me from this game. Emmerton's goal was huge. Maybe the biggest of the season so far. . After Danny Cleary finally got the bottom six on the board early, there was a lot of talk about monkeys and backs and... well, a lot of it kind of made me uncomfortable. While the monkeyback-obsession goal from Cleary sparked all the chatter, it was Emmerton and his nifty move that really set a fire on the Detroit bench. As far as I know, no monkey were harmed in the barn burner that occurred in St. Louis tonight. Jump it for more: When Emmerton scored, it was a guy who had played very limited minutes up to that point cashing in on a chance when he had it. He made a big play after Jordin Tootoo made a slick deflection to get the puck into the offensive zone, and just like that Detroit changes the complexion of the game. After all, Detroit had just (actually managed to) killed off a St. Louis power play. It was big for the momentum of this single hockey game, but it could be even bigger for the team as a whole and moving forward. Now the bottom-six guys have a little bit of jump and don't look downright terrified every time the puck comes near them. Hell, Kindl even managed to score a goal. All this bodes well for a Detroit team that just handed a Stanley Cup favorite its own backside on a silver platter for the second time in six days.
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Launch coincides with CEO forum and 220th anniversary of NYSE's founding
NEW YORK, May 17, 2012 - NYSE Euronext (NYX) today introduced the NYSE Century Club and the NYSE Century IndexSM. The NYSE Century Club recognizes companies that have realized success and contributed to economic and social progress for more than 100 years. In conjunction with the launch, CEOs from representative companies will participate in an inaugural forum on innovation and transformation at the NYSE today, which marks the 220th anniversary of the founding of the Exchange.
"The NYSE community includes hundreds of innovative and successful companies that for more than a century have undergone remarkable growth and transformation, created shareholder value and millions of jobs, and have shaped America and the world," said Duncan L. Niederauer, CEO, NYSE Euronext. "The NYSE Century Club recognizes their achievements and contributions, and provides a forum for sharing experiences - creative thinking and discovery, risk-taking and renewal, and countless lessons learned - that will contribute to future success."
The NYSE Century IndexSM is designed to measure the performance of U.S. domiciled companies with a 100 year history that have been publicly traded for at least 10 years and have a market capitalization of at least $1 billion. Using a set of criteria that assesses a company's size and financial performance over a 10-year period, the index provides exposure to a diverse group of companies from nine major sectors. For a list of companies included in the index, please click here.
To celebrate the introduction of the NYSE Century Club and the launch of the NYSE Century IndexSM, CEOs from NYSE-listed companies included in the index will ring today's NYSE Closing bell.
Media Contact
Keara Everdell
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About NYSE Euronext
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Don Tomas Corojo
This offering courtesy of Don Tomas comes cloaked in a fiery red Honduran Corojo leaf. Opening with a strong leather taste followed by a subtle array of spices, this could be Don Tomas's best cigar to date. The blend itself, an assortment of Nicaraguan, Honduran and Mexican tobaccos, is fairly strong, but since this cigar is offered in a few chunkier gauges, it can be enjoyed by almost anyone; though if you prefer the milder side of life I would stay away from the slimmer sizes.
Country of Origin: Honduras
Strength: Medium to Full
Wrapper: Honduran
Binder: Mexican
Filler: Nicaraguan, Honduran
#2 Piramide


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Mike's 3DMark Commentary
View Single Post
Join Date: Nov 2002
Location: England
Posts: 44
Originally posted by FrgMstr
I think these statements show a general ignorance of the entire situation surrounding the issues above. Your comparison is off base.
What ATI did during the "Quack" issue and what you are seeing NVIDIA currently do, (and I think we are the only ones to prove this currently) are two totally different issues. I would think that someone that runs a site that caters to the 3d crowd would easily see the differences but obviously not.
ATI cheated on the QuakeIII benchmarks by putting QuakeIII specific optimizations in the driver. They did NOT optimize for the QIII engine (which is used by countless games), they only optimized for the game that is widely used as a benchmark, hence they cheated on the benchmark and ignored all the other games out there that could have "benefited" from the technology. That opens up a whole other argument that what they did was of no benefit at all, but rather just and exercise in turning down the overall quality to get better FPS.
NVIDIA optimized it drivers for the techniques that were specifically being used inside 3DMark03. Any game that uses those techniques will benefit from their changes.
So in theory, NV's changes could have far reaching effects that benefit the community at large where ATI's did not.
NV's argument here is that the changes they made in their driver benefit no one, as the techniques being used inside 3Dmark03 are not indicative of any game that we will see now or likely see in the future. They "won" the benchmark with their GFFX and they still don't like the benchmark.
It's only like the Twilight Zone if you don't understand what you are looking at.
(EDIT: DITTO Zeno)
I totally agree with this post, most sense anyone has talked on here. It seems like nvidia were conned by Futuremark/ATI, as the techniques nvidia use are not present in 3D Mark and only ATI's are hence the huge score difference between Geforce4 and Radeon Pro. Nvidia have a brilliant arguement due to this.
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Battlefield 4 17 Minute Gamplay Reveal "Fishing in Baku"
It looks like my worst fears are bubbling to the surface. One of my most beloved pass-times, I cringe, is drawing to a close. Over the better part of the last two years, I have enjoyed a virtual tour of duty as a decorated Recon officer, providing valuable intel to our air and ground troops. My airborne mobile aerial vehicle (MAV) is the high-tech fly on the wall of our enemies, while my spawn beacon mysteriously injects friendly troops behind congested enemy lines. Me? I'm the "running Sniper" the type who hits the ground hard and fast with short-midrange pistols and long-range semi-auto high-powered distance ordinances. But my skills are no longer needed in the bullet riddled world of Battlefield 3. Because it's time to for Battlefield 4.
EA DICE allowed 17 long intense minutes of in-game footage, to break the surface from its murky depths of development. Battlefield 4 is set to launch in the all too soon Fall 2013 and it's looking quite pretty, thanks to the new Frostbite 3 engine. There is talk of a more open single player and bringing the best elements of multiplayer to the solo campaign. I've heard buzz about underwater excursions and the ability to issue squad commands in single player. Nothing on multiplayer had been revealed.
But if you're lookning try before you buy. EA DICE offers a few ways to gain access to the Battlefield 4 beta
There are a number of ways to get into this Beta: By pre-ordering the Battlefield 4 Digital Deluxe Edition on Origin.com, by being a Battlefield 3: Premium member, and by being a registered owner of Medal of Honor Warfighter Limited Edition or Digital Deluxe Edition
Shawn Sanders
Shawn loves gadgets, literature, history and games. For 10yrs+ he's straddled both the comic book & video game industries, as a writer, editor, marketing officer & producer. Shawn got his start in tech & games as an editor & Hardware Director for GameRevolution.com. More notable accomplishments include Executive Producer on mobile games Geometry Wars: Retro Evolved & The Shroud.


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Ohio St @ USC (-10.5)
As of the start of the year, this looked like the latest Game of the Century. But then last week the Buckeyes struggled mightily against lowly Ohio U, and now it seems as if USC has it all wrapped up even before the first snap. With the Trojans looking fantastic after a blowout win and Ohio St looking anything but, could it really be this easy?
If Ohio St is close to as bad as they played against Ohio, then answer is a resounding yes. The Buckeyes made too many mistakes, and their offensive line play was sub-par. If either of those happens here, this will get ugly quickly.
On the Other Hand:
Has anyone else noticed that just about everyone is picking USC to win big (and probably betting that way), and yet that line has hovered around 10 the whole time? That's a telltale sign that Vegas strongly thinks that everyone is making a bad bet, and in a big, heavily wagered game like this, you have to take a second look if the books are that confident.
The big thing you have to look at is the Ohio St defense. Lost in the offensive issues against Ohio is the fact that this is still a fantastic unit that struggled a touch early but overall did a great job as usual. Unless USC forces multiple turnovers, they'll struggle to hit 20 points, and unless they totally shut down the Buckeye offense, 17 or so points probably won't be enough to cover. And if Ohio St gets some breaks, like Sanchez's knee acting up again or just a big mistake or two by the Trojans, it's surprisingly easy to see them coming out of the Coliseum with a win.
Bottom Line:
At the start of the year, I looked at this game as a close Buckeye win. Red flags from the Ohio game, as well as USC's demolition of Virginia, make me lean towards the Trojans instead, but I think this should still be a close, defensive struggle that goes right down to the wire.
@ USC 17, Ohio St 10
Oregon (-8) @ Purdue
So far the Ducks have looked really good, while Purdue is almost a total unknown. That said, Purdue looks like it's going to be a pass-first team with a mediocre defense, more based on the guys they have than reading much into a AA beatdown. If that's the case, Oregon matches up very well, since they've got an explosive offense and a fantastic secondary. The Ducks will make some mistakes, and Purdue will make some big plays, but in the end I think Oregon wins by a low double-digit margin.
Oregon 35, @ Purdue 24
Stanford (+13.5) @ TCU
Is it just me or does this line seem surprisingly high? This game features two teams who are good at running the ball and stopping the run, neither of whom can do much passing the ball. TCU has a decent pass defense while Stanford does not, so that's an edge, and home-field should play a part as well. If the Cardinal can magic up a passing game or win the turnover battle they'll win, but the most likely scenario is a defensive struggle that favors the home team.
@ TCU 17, Stanford 13
After the controversial close win for the Cougars at Washington and the thrilling comeback win against Tennessee for UCLA, Bruin fans have to be feeling good about this matchup. However, BYU has a far more potent passing game than the Vols did, which is bad news for a Bruin defense with a weak secondary (aside from Verner). UCLA will have some big moments against a mediocre Cougar defense, but they'll also make some mistakes, while BYU is going to get a lot of big plays through the air, and make it clear to the country that until proven otherwise they are very much in the hunt for an at-large BCS berth.
Cal (-13.5) @Maryland
Traveling cross-country to face a talented team looking for a big moment is a very dangerous proposition for any team, especially one with a relatively green quarterback. However, Cal will handle the challenge the same way they did against Washington St last week, with big plays from the running game and the defense. Maybe Josh Portis is the answer for Maryland and they'll suddenly be light-years better with him under center, but even so, I don't think that the Terps match up well enough against Cal's defense to force the Bears to build a lead and put the game on Riley's shoulders. And with the Terp defense looking pretty vulnerable as well, you have to like Cal's chances to win big here.
Cal 38, @ Maryland 17
Oklahoma @ Washington (+20.5)
It's tempting to take so many points, especially after Washington did play BYU close, but I think Oklahoma is just too good for this to be a contest. After what they did last week against Cincinnati, I don't think the Huskies will be able to come any closer than the Bearcats did.
Oklahoma 49, @ Washington 20
Arizona (-10) @ New Mexico
This is the sort of game that a typical Mike Stoops team blows: first road game, an underdog that could conceivably be better than their record, and a game that the Wildcats feel confident of winning. All that said, I just don't think the Lobos are any good. Yes, the A&M game was one they could have won with more breaks, but what have we seen that makes us think A&M is any good? If the Lobos were better I'd think hard about the upset… but they're not.
Arizona 38, @ New Mexico 17
Washington St (+1) @ Baylor
The pillow fight of the weak. Baylor doesn't look good, but right now they're light-years ahead of the Cougars, who haven't done much of anything right, and now have to deal with their first road game of the year. Not at all a good combination.
@ Baylor 35, Washington St 17
Hawaii @ Oregon St (-13.5)
As bad as the Beavers have looked so far (and make no mistake, it's been bad), Hawaii has just been atrocious. I just don't see how this one is a contest.
@ Oregon St 38, Hawaii 14
UNLV @ Arizona St (-23)
This seems like a midly lower spread than I agree with, though ASU is likely to be looking ahead to Georgia. I admit I don't lean too strongly one way or the other; I'd advise staying away from this game (that means gambling AND watching).
@ Arizona St 42, UNLV 17
National Games of the Week:
Wisconsin (-2) @ Fresno St
This may well be the best game of the week, as it pits two hard-nosed programs against each other in a showcase matchup for each. At home, I really like Fresno; yes Wisconsin will take this seriously and be prepared, but that's a long trip to take, and the Bulldogs have a great history of winning these sorts of big non-conference games at home. And, to be honest, I suspect that even without those factors they may well be the better team.
@ Fresno 28, Wisconsin 24
Kansas @ South Florida (-3.5)
There's a bit of danger from a letdown after a tough game against Central Florida, but I simply think that USF is just too good to lose this game. Unless Kansas gets huge special teams play like UCF did last week, I think the Bulls don't have much trouble.
@ USF 28, Kansas 14
Georgia (-7) @ South Carolina
In some ways, this looks like a trap. Georgia has a big trip next week to ASU, and Carolina ought to be fired up to turn things around after a very sub-par performance at Vandy. That said, there just isn't much life in the Gamecock offense right now, so even if they're fired up I'm not sure it makes a huge difference. Perhaps all the Georgia injuries take their toll, but until proven otherwise I just don't have enough faith in South Carolina to think they've got much of a chance here.
Georgia 21, @ South Carolina 10
Bad Lines
Michigan -2
Yes, it's just one game, but Notre Dame just looked awful against a really crummy San Diego St team. At least Michigan has shown some signs of life, beating a better team than SD St last week in Miami (OH) and losing close to a very good Utah squad.
Duke -2
Is Duke actually a favorite and am I actually advocating laying the points? Yes I am. The Blue Devils certainly aren't good, but they've looked far from terrible, winning easily against a AA team in week one and nearly knocking off Northwestern in week two. Meanwhile Navy simply does not look good right now. If Duke is a slightly better team, then at home anything less than a field goal looks like a nice line to take.
Auburn -10.5
Auburn wasn't awesome against USM last week, but they're still a very good team. Miss St just doesn't look very good right now, and I think that the Tigers have more than enough weapons to win by around 14 – 20, even on the road.
Vandy -7
Rice is coming off of a very fortunate win over a Memphis team that isn't very good, and the week before beat a SMU team that is pretty lousy. Meanwhile Vandy is 2-0 against a talented South Carolina team and a Miami (OH) team that's probably better than either of the guys Rice has knocked off. Either there's an injury I don't know about, or that line simply looks broken.
Iowa St +13.5
Right now the Cyclones don't look terrible, and we all know how much Iowa tends to struggle in this series.
Rutgers -5
UNC looked awful in week one, and I honestly didn't think Rutgers played that badly; they just lost pretty much all of the key plays in that game. The Knights look appreciably better than the Tar Heels, and on Thursday night at home I look for a low double-digit win for them.
Last Week's Record:
Pac-10: 6-0 SU, 3-3 ATS
National: 1-2 SU, 1-2 ATS
Bad Picks: 2-2
Season Record:
Pac-10: 11-3 SU, 7-6 ATS
National: 5-3 SU, 4-4 ATS
Bad Picks: 4-2
Mr Pac-10's 2008 Blog
Questions, comments or suggestions? Email me at firstname.lastname@example.com


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Capcom's Probably Making More Dragon's Dogma
More than one million copies shipped worldwide is good enough for Capcom.
Worth Reading: 05/25/2012
After a crazy week, it's time to relax with a bunch of games, stories, and a promise that Patrick will play Amnesia: The Dark Descent. Uh, maybe.
Buy Dragon's Dogma, Gain Resident Evil 6 Demo*
*Except if you're buying on PlayStation 3, you have to wait two more months.
Capcom Unveils Dragon's Dogma
Pair up with AI-controlled teammates to grapple with gryphons, hydras, and more in Capcom's upcoming open-world action game.
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