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Critical Essay by David Ingram
SOURCE: "Thomas McGuane: Nature, Environmentalism, and the American West," in Journal of American Studies, Vol. 29, No. 3, December, 1995, pp. 423-439.
In the following essay, Ingram discusses environmentalist themes in McGuane's fiction, stating "In McGuane's writings, nature gives an opportunity for his male protagonists to attempt to recover a sense of original purity and mastery beyond the compromises and power struggles of a competitive society."
The recent writings of Thomas McGuane show a particular interest in environmentalist concerns, examining the role played by inherited mythologies of the frontier in the ecology and politics of the contemporary American West. McGuane's explorations reveal complex and ambivalent responses to these subjects, in part liberal, radical and conservative.
This essay will discuss these issues in relation to contemporary American attitudes to nature. The basis for my approach will be to assume that conceptions of "nature" are socially constructed, and that "nature" and "culture" are separate but mutually interdependent. The relationship between human societies and the natural world will therefore be considered as an ongoing process in which the term "nature" must not be wholly subsumed under that of "culture." Environmental history is, as Donald Worster puts it, "a story of reciprocity and interaction rather than of culture replacing nature."1
Thomas McGuane's writings tend both to repeat and to question what may be called "traditional" or "Romantic" attitudes to nature. In particular, he combines both aesthetic and utilitarian perspectives: nature as a scene of spiritual restoration through the appreciation of beauty, and as the object of technological mastery and control. In practice, these two approaches are historically interrelated, in that they are both responses to, and constructions of, nature produced within an urban capitalist society. As Walter J. Ong has argued, a necessary precondition for Romantic attitudes to nature is a society that has confidence in its capacity to dominate nature, through the use of the very industrial technologies such attitudes ostensibly reject. In this way, even "when unacknowledged, the feeling of control over nature quiets old fears of being swallowed up by nature. Wordsworth's much advertised surrender to nature is to this extent a by-product of technology. Nature was under surveillance in his world."2
The interdependence of urban industrialism and non-utilitarian approaches to nature is a vital counter-argument to the anti-technological reflexes inherent in some ecological thought. Leo Marx's account of the "pastoral interlude" in American writing, for example, defines a "symbolic action which embodies values, attitudes, modes of thought and feeling alternative to those which characterize the dynamic, expansionary life-style of modern America"3 (my italics). Yet, as Perry Miller has shown, a sentimental mystique of nature was not simply an alternative to the dominant utilitarian ideology of nineteenth century America, but also its by-product and alibi, in a society in which the natural world came to be seen increasingly as a resource for industrial capitalist exploitation.4
Industrialism both produces Romantic attitudes to nature, and is also, from an ecological perspective, a long term threat to its continued healthy existence. Central in this context is the founding American myth of nature as Garden of Eden. In Under Western Skies, Donald Worster makes an important break from this inherited mythology: "we can live without the old fantasy of a pristine, inviolate, edenic wilderness—it was, after all, never adequate to the reality of the natural world."5 Yet the desire for a pristine nature, beyond the reach of human controls, persists in American culture, and is a central feature of Thomas McGuane's work, as his characters seek in nature an original purity in opposition to a corrupting modern civilization. Yet in McGuane's writings, the dangers of evasion implied by this need for pastoral retreat are acknowledged, as are the pleasures and seductions of urban life. As a result, he subjects the ongoing relationship between the human and natural world to skeptical inquiry and ironic disruptions.
The contemporary West is explored by McGuane as a site of capitalist competition and technological exploitation, dominated by agribusiness and the global flow of capital. Yet, within this context, the desire persists in his protagonists to experience nature as spiritually redemptive. McGuane's engagement with contemporary Montana also places preservationist politics within a recognition of both the dangers and the potentialities of myths inherited from the Old West.
In the essay "Some Notes on Montana" (1992), McGuane comments on the "competition for a prevailing idea of land use" between business interests, and those which favour recreation. The latter views, he argues, tend to be associated by "many ordinary Montanans" with "card-carrying interlopers" from outside the state.6 McGuane sides with the "conciliatory, ordinary people" against exploitative business interests, the "backyard ward heelers" who eventually "work their polarizing harm" in Congress. In political terms, the essay attacks not so much capitalism itself, as the "entrepreneurial capitalism" promoted by the Reagan government in the 1980s, the "corporate crime wave" which was responsible for the further degradation of the Western environment. The rise in forest clear-cutting, for example, was a defensive reaction by small landowners against the "hostile takeovers" and "junk-bond-fueled gyrations" of the large corporations.7 McGuane therefore argues from a liberal position against the abuses of a deregulated, laissez-faire form of capitalism.
McGuane's views on capitalism are elaborated further in his 1993 interview with Buzzworm: The Environmental Journal, in which he cautiously accepts capitalism as an apparently inevitable or unchangeable basis for American society: "I think capitalism is our system, and it's as viable a system as exists. I'm not opposed to that." However, this guarded response really shows his fundamental distrust of all systems—an attitude familiar in many American writers, reminiscent for example of the scepticism expressed in the "Cetology" chapter of Moby-Dick (1851). McGuane acknowledges that he does not "buy any of the existing systems entirely…."
Again, McGuane's criticism tends to be not of capitalism per se, but of its deregulated form, as people in America discover that "entrepreneurial capitalism is not the way to personal happiness" (my italics). Yet this ambivalence is compounded as he goes on to endorse the "growing green movement in this country," which, he predicts, may in future become the dominant party in American politics. Hence there is a need "to understand the limitedness of our global environment," and accordingly to place limits on economic growth: "I think we have to learn to do with less." Yet this questioning of the necessity for economic growth attacks the very foundation of capitalist economics, thereby revealing a central uncertainty within McGuane's environmentalist politics, coming as it does after his earlier, albeit reluctant, acceptance of capitalism as "our system."8
This ambivalent and uncertain attitude to capitalism is also evident in the novel Nothing But Blue Skies (1993). McGuane's comment in Buzzworm that "excessive materialism derives from spiritual desperation" is a useful gloss on his most recent novel. Through the figure of Frank Copenhaven, McGuane explores the seductive pleasures and power thrills of the capitalist business world, as a form of second nature:
In some ways, he loved money; he certainly loved the sedative effects of pursuing it, and if that was all money did for him at this point, it had much to be said for it. The year he tried to escape into bird-watching, into all the intricacies of spring warblers and the company of gentle people, he had been forced to conclude that nothing got him out of bed with quite the smooth surge of power—as the Chrysler ads used to say—like the pursuit of the almighty dollar.9
When visiting McDonald's, Frank is seduced by the gratifications and securities offered by conformist passivity: "Splendid to take what you are given." But this moment of acceptance and complicity is typically ironised, and quickly descends into a memory of childhood dependency and sentimental nostalgia:
He smiled, felt the happiness go over the top of him. A long-ago day came back.
"It's 1964 and news of Dad's hole in one has just shot through town."10
Frank's gradual disaffiliation from contemporary American society, his "coming adrift,"11 leads him to question the invasive penetration of the economic and materialist as the ruling criteria of value in capitalist society. As he says to his insurance man and fellow ex-hippy, Dick Hoiness, "'You deal in values the world accepts or you'd be out of business. I pay you to insure things that are starting to have no value for me.'"12 Yet there are no possibilities for radical social change in the novel. Frank's only option is to try to rejoin the society in which he has lost confidence. So he finds himself spying on homes in the suburbs:
Frank wanted to be here among the families, to watch them in their ordinariness, that most elusive of qualities. To simply carry on and ignore all that is unthinkable seemed to require a special gift; and, in the end, the world belonged to those who never thought about nuclear holocaust, the collapse of the biosphere or even their own perfectly predictable deaths. Carry on! Who made the playoffs? Let's eat! Let's eat something!13
In his desperation, Frank clings to an idealised image of American suburban life. These populist sentiments are the decadent nostalgia and bad faith of an outsider who has lost such securities, and quickly become an endorsement of the apolitical complacency and evasions of a consumer society.
Despite McGuane's endorsement of the Green movement in the Buzzworm interview, his writings show little belief in the possibilities of radical political change in American society. A way out of this impasse seems to be his recognition of the need for more local and piecemeal political action, in the pragmatic and compromised world of pressure group politics. In particular, McGuane has concentrated on preservationist issues concerning "wild river" protection. His 1993 Audubon piece, "The Spell of Wild Rivers," is accordingly a defense of federal government intervention in environmental affairs, in particular the National Wild and Scenic Rivers Act, against pressures from those interests supporting states' rights. McGuane calls for a wider sense of community than that offered by the damaging ideology of individualism: "A rising tide of Americans are banding together and in the face of sloganeering about individual rights and antigovernmental posturing are concluding that wild rivers are indeed something we hold as a community."14 McGuane's views are again informed by traditional attitudes to nature, a sense of the natural landscape as a source of patriotic pride, and as spiritually restorative: "I suppose many American families have had such days on our Wild and Scenic Rivers, days that are restorative not just to our beleagured constitutions but to our idealism as a people, to our capacity to dream." He is careful not to idealise his descriptions of nature, and recognises the political issues that inform them:
The North Fork of the Flathead is an imperfect place. There are plenty of human disturbances preserved as part of the status quo, and plenty of new building. But these have been mitigated by a protective corridor and easements purchased by the federal government.15
Yet he adds: "A river like this ought to go through South-Central Los Angeles." This nostalgic element, claiming the purifications of nature as a solution to complex urban problems, is reminiscent of Thomas Jefferson via Frank Capra, and is evidence of the sentimentality that is a significant factor in McGuane's attachment to nature.
More serious as an argument is his defense of the role of the federal government in environmental matters, an issue explored in Nothing to be Desired through the figure of Lane Lawlor, leader of the organization "We, Montana." Lawlor represents McGuane's satirical attack on the vested interests of states' righters, and the disastrous impact that their politics have on the Western environment. Through this comic grotesque, McGuane shows how the perpetuation of the destructive myths of the Old West is a serious constraint on contemporary possibilities. Lawlor's organization exhibits the right-wing, white supremacist assumptions of the central myths of the American West: "Frank especially remembered their Western Family archetypes: the John Waync male and his bellicose, gun-toting woman, their cold-eyed, towheaded children."16
The policies of "We, Montana" are based on the use of big technology to master nature through acts of aggressive conquest. In the novel, the damming of a river to prevent water from leaving the state leads to the drying up of the stream where Frank and his daughter go fishing. This has consequences for Frank which go beyond simple utilitarian considerations: "Frank thought that it was pretty unlucky to go fishing and find the stream had been stolen, particularly when you needed the stream for more than just fishing."17 The manipulation of nature for short-term economic and political purposes is shown to have destroyed other possible usages, in particular those responding to people's emotional and spiritual needs.
Lawlor rehabilitates frontier iconographies as political alibis for the actions of his pressure group, particularly those regarding the control of water: "'There's a way of looking at this world and this country and, more importantly, this state that begins with saddle leather and distance, unsolved distance. And water.'"18 Frank recognises Lawlor's regional chauvinism and his politics of resentment as a selective interpretation of the history of the West: "The tone of the West had been set by the failure of the homesteads, not by the heroic cattle drives. The tone was in its bitter politics." Yet Frank himself also views the West through old myths, as the landscape inspires in him familiar thoughts of the West as a new start, and as future potentiality:
There was something in its altitude and dryness and distances that he couldn't have lived without; and it was a good time to remember that. When he was walking in the hills and could see sundown begin about forty miles away, or smell running water in the bottom of a sagebrush ravine, or watch the harriers cup themselves to the curve of earth and slash through clouds of meadowlarks, he felt that thankfulness. It was always a starting point. He went to the mirror and watched himself say, "I love it here."19
Typically, however, the optimism of this traditional response to the Western landscape is given an ironic undertone in the final sentence here. The comically exaggerated self-consciousness, even narcissism, of Frank's final gesture suggests the complacency and over-confidence involved in putting too much faith in any mythic perceptions of the West.
Yet these fantasies are shown to persist out of an emotional need for an imaginary scene of unspoiled potentiality, a need which McGuane both respects and shows as limited and anachronistic. In Something to be Desired (1984), Lucien indulges in a reverie for a mythic Old West, as he rides along with W. T. Austinberry, the comically stereotypical cowboy: "How Lucien loved this vaguely ersatz air of the old days! Or better yet, that the frontier lingered in the draws where Indian spirits were as smoky and redolent as the pollen exhalations of the forest!" But there can be little place for such nostalgic fantasy in the modern West, as McGuane's bathos immediately shows: "They rode on and crossed a creek where W. T. Austinberry said that he had poured Clorox to kill a couple of hundred pounds of trout for his freezer."20 The Western cowboy complacently takes for granted the abundance and permanence of nature, and his permissive actions damage the natural environment. Austinberry's actions raise the central issue of technology, an area explored by McGuane particularly in terms of the relationship between the mastery and control of nature and traditional forms of masculinity.
Ecological thought has provided a critique of some of the central assumptions of the modern scientific project, revealing it as founded upon a destructive and exploitative attitude to nature. As land came to be treated as a commodity to be bought and sold within a capitalist market economy, so, as Michel Serres puts it, "Our fundamental relationship with objects is summed up by war and property."21 Serres calls for a new "natural contract" in which "our relationship to things would no longer involve mastery and possession, but an admiring stewardship, reciprocity, contemplation, and respect…."22 This notion of a benign form of stewardship is an attempt to rehabilitate Christianity from its complicity, based on Genesis 1:28, in granting human beings permission for the destructive domination of nature.23 The notion of human stewardship still clearly falls within an anthropocentric view of nature, seeking more benign forms of technological control. Serres' position may in this way be differentiated from the shift towards "biocentrism" evident in "deep ecological" thought, whereby human beings lose their assumed centrality in the world, and are relocated back into evolutionary nature as a species equal but not superior to other forms of life.24 This attitude translates in its most extreme form into policies that seek to proscribe all utilitarian and even anthropocentric approaches to nature—even though this position is difficult to sustain on both political and epistemological grounds, in that any human action towards nature is inevitably anthropocentric, by definition.
McGuane's writings mostly favour an anthropocentric and interventionist approach to environmentalist issues, though he does recognise an emotional need for areas of nature left as far as possible beyond the reach of human technological mediation, or so-called "development." In a "beautifully farmed field … it was wonderful to see the sage-covered remains of buttes and old wild prairie that wouldn't submit to plowing."25 Moreover, the very presence of human beings is seen on occasions to be inevitably destructive. In Argentina on a fishing trip, looking across "superb distances" to the Andes, "it was hard to avoid the feeling that the greatest thing man can do for the land is to stay off it."26
Yet this concern for wilderness preservation largely avoids the trap of a sentimental reflex against technology per se. There is, however, a clear antipathy towards big technology in McGuane's work. But as a rancher, hunter and fisherman, nature exists for careful human use, and the issue of domination and control is not a simplistic either-or choice. Indeed, McGuane's environmentalist interests show a pragmatic acknowledgment of the need to come to terms with human technological interventions.
In Nothing But Blue Skies, Frank experiences a thrill of omnipotence, when stealing an articulated log skidder: "This grand machine made its own road, and with their seats high above the destruction, they could feel some of the detached power that intoxicates those at war with the earth."27 The scene recalls the sense of moral and political detachment experienced by the tractor driver, the "machine man," in The Grapes of Wrath (1939), who, as an extension of the destructive machine, is "contemptuous of the land and of himself."28 McGuane's speculations on technology here give an insight into the seductiveness of big, destructive technologies, as he distances himself at this point from war as the central paradigm for technological controls, and from the dangers that arise from spurious notions of objectivity and detachment.
This attitude may be placed with evidence in McGuane's work of a more benign use of technology. His interest in angling may, in this context, be seen as an endorsement of a form of control of nature using small technology. Some modern techniques, especially the use of plastics and chemicals, are ruled out as excessive: "the latest teched-out fly-fishing, with its whirring split shot, 7X leaders, and transitional subaqueous life-forms imitated in experimental carpet fibers."29 Indeed, McGuane extends such concerns to the technology of writing itself, in his rejection of large-scale epic structures, what he calls the "accretional monument-building" of much post-World War II American writing: "If you're building fishing rods or shotguns or yachts, the standard is lightness that is as much as possible commensurate with strength…."30
Yet a martial paradigm remains as the basis for angling, as for most sporting activities: mastery and control of the object are still the main end, only the tactical means have changed. In Nothing But Blue Skies, Frank recalls the fishing techniques of his grandfather, a successful businessman, whose approach was "too direct": "He tried to overpower trout, go straight at them. It was one of the many areas where fishing and life are not at all alike—or at least fishing and business."31 So the paradigm of technology as war is not transcended here; rather, in a reformist move, the secret of successful dominance is shown to be an understanding of, and respect for, the object of control.
Indeed, the sense of war and competitive struggle as fundamental aspects of the human condition is central to McGuane. Ultimately, his work may be seen to assert an essentialist notion of human nature in an American society given over to brutal Darwinistic competitiveness, also viewed largely as a state of nature, unconditional and inevitable. As Frank Copenhaver comes to understand about the business world: "Any creature that goes in a straight line is an invitation to predators."32 This sense of life as competitive struggle extends to sexual relationships. Hence Frank's admiration for his friend June: "She was a fighter. Unlike most women he knew, she wasn't astonished to find that life was a fight."33
McGuane's characters tend to be driven by their essential natures, their bodies' instinctual and sexual drives, as forces which they can control only ineffectively and temporarily. In the affair between Frank and Lucy, the latter finally manages to control these impulses. But for Frank, however, sexual desire is an overpowering appetite, involuntary and uncontrollable. McGuane's explorations of male sexuality here suggest many of the elements identified by Lynn Segal as falling within traditional discourses on masculinity, evident for example in the pseudo-science of "sexology" in the mid-nineteenth century.34
In this context, the issue of moral responsibility is crucial. As a tumescent Frank puts it: "'The worst hanging judge in the world doesn't penalize folks for that which is involuntary.'"35 Yet the need for a sense of moral responsibility, as a means of reasserting control over nature, is a key preoccupation in McGuane's writings. Significantly, arguments about an involuntary human nature are used by his characters as alibis for their own moral failings. In Something to be Desired, when Lucien's father roughly throws out of his motel room a woman he has casually picked up, he then telephones his wife in the hope of being invited back home. In an attempt to justify his behaviour to his son, he draws on an argument from nature, by recalling the family pets he once bought for Lucien, "so you could learn about animals, about how we are all animals."36 Yet this assertion of our animal nature is motivated by a desire to absolve himself of moral responsibility for his actions. Similarly, Lucien refers to his own act of desertion as an involuntary, behaviouristic reflex: "… why can't I stop myself? I have the soul of a lab rat."37 But Skinnerian behaviourism gives way to a Christian schema of guilt and punishment explored by the narrator independently of the character's point-of-view: "In any event, the process of stain had begun; he would not have known what to call it as it sank deeper inside him, nor been able to assess the turbulence and damage that was to come; but it was certainly shame."38
In McGuane's writings, nature becomes a scene of therapeutic healing in response to this ongoing sense of inadequacy, failure and guilt associated with living in a society based on competitive aggression. In particular, both the male protagonists of his novels and the autobiographical narrators of his fishing stories seek a renewed sense of mastery and control through contact with nature. Nature provides a scene in which competitive struggle, in sexual relationships and in the business world, may be momentarily transcended. In the following passage, Frank and his friend Phil Page attempt to leave behind the pressures of their failed marriages in a search for "purity" in nature. McGuane lightly satirises the sort of populist mysticism associated with angling in, for example, Norman Maclean's A River Runs Through It (1976), yet the emotional needs that inform such attitudes are also understood and respected. Phil Page is thinking about his cheating wife:
"I guess that if we didn't have trout fishing, there'd be nothing you could really call pure in our lives at all."
Frank stared at the road ahead, filling with joy at this inane but life-restoring thought. "I do like to feel one pull," he said.
"Yes!" Phil shouted and pounded the dashboard.
"Yes!" shouted Frank, and they both pounded happily on the dashboard.
"Trout!" The volume knob fell off the radio. Phil dove down to look for it, muttering "Fuckin' douche bag" as he searched.39
Within McGuane's comedy, the attainment of a feeling of masculine mastery and control is transient, and characteristically falls prey to bathetic deflation.
As Jane Tompkins argues, the nurturing role attributed to the pastoral landscape by men in Western fictions suggests more than a simple substitute for the company of women. Rather, the Western landscape exists as a scene which displaces "heterosexual sexuality, the nuclear family, and a struggle for status among peers," in that the man "who leaves home and fireside and turns to the wilderness does so in search of something other than what they have to offer."40 What McGuane's male characters seek tends to be a renewed sense of control over their lives through a meditative or epiphanic experience. Blood sports such as angling and hunting apparently become means of attaining a sense of the sacramental, and consequently a moment of healing. McGuane explores this aspect most fully in his essay on hunting, "The Heart of the Game."
The essay attempts to justify hunting in the light of the accompanying sense of "remorse" that "spins out almost before anything" with the act of killing the prey. McGuane's defense is initially a moral one: by involving himself directly in the killing of the animal, the hunter lacks the hypocrisy of those who buy meat in supermarkets and, as a result, try to avoid responsibility for the ugly realities of meat production in the industrial slaughterhouse. But McGuane adds: "and anyway, as Sitting Bull said, when the buffalo are gone, we will hunt mice, for we are hunters and we want our freedom."41 There is an elision here from the "we" probably intended by Sitting Bull (the Sioux tribe), to a less specific "we" ("we" could refer to "men," "Americans," or "the human race"). Whatever the referent, the appeal is to an essential and therefore permanent human nature as an ultimate guarantor of permission ("we are hunters"). McGuane here is close to the arguments of sociobiologists, who posit what Stephen Jay Gould calls an "innate nature of human violence" which serves to confirm conservative, patriarchal power relationships by attempting "to fob off the responsibility for war and violence upon our presumably carnivorous ancestors."42 Darwinism is invoked for the sense of boundless permission it can afford.
"The Heart of the Game" is ultimately concerned with metaphysics, as McGuane argues that hunting is socially necessary in that it provides a confrontation with death that reveals the sacramental in life. As he puts it, "A world in which a sacramental portion of food can be taken in an old way—hunting, fishing, farming, and gathering—has as much to do with societal sanity as a day's work for a day's pay."43 McGuane describes a meal with his son, where they eat the antelope killed at the start of the story. As he informs his son of the death of his paternal grandfather, the meal provides the opportunity for a small act of communion, an attempt to heal the pain both of mortality, and of the awkward separation and repressed competitiveness between father and son. Human blood ties are strengthened through the spilling of the sacramental blood of the animal. McGuane's love of hunting in this way places him as a direct inheritor of those basic myths of the American West that assert the regenerative power of violence. As Richard Slotkin puts it, the violent male in Western mythology is "the lover of the spirit of the wilderness, and his acts of love and sacred affirmation are acts of violence against that spirit and her avatars."44
George Bataille's cross-cultural study of violence and the sacred analyses deep-seated psychological motivations for such desires for sacrifice. Death, ultimately unmasterable, is mastered symbolically and vicariously in violent sacrifice, where anxieties are projected onto the victim. Bataille locates such psychic needs in the biological separateness of human individuals, an unconditional effect of sexual reproduction. As such, their origin is asserted to be not in a socially constructed masculinity, but in an unchangeable human nature:
We are discontinuous beings, individuals who perish in isolation in the midst of an incomprehensible adventure, but we yearn for our lost continuity. We find the state of affairs that binds us to our random and ephemeral individuality hard to bear. Along with our tormenting desire that evanescent things should last, there stands our obsession with a primal continuity linking us with everything that is.45
Ritual sacrifice allows for an ecstatic return to continuity, and a sense of control over the passing of time. In "The Heart of the Game," hunting the deer provides not only a practical source of food, but also, in its irrational aspect, enacts a confrontation with mortality, recognised as our natural inheritance:
As I took that step, I knew he was running. He wasn't in the browse at all, but angling into invisibility at the rock wall, racing straight into the elevation, bounding toward zero gravity, taking his longest arc into the bullet and the finality and terror of all you have made of the world, the finality you know that you share even with your babies with their inherited and ambiguous definition, the finality that any minute now you will meet as well.46
These "hand-to-mouth metaphysics"47 show McGuane at his most conservative, nostalgic for traditional codes of masculinity as renewing a sense of potency and will through rituals of violent death. McGuane places his decision to hunt the deer within a speculation on the state of his life, within eighteen months of the deaths of his father and sister, and of the collapse of his marriage. In the context of these complex personal traumas, hunting takes on motivations associated with an embattled need for renewal, restoring a sense of mastery and control over his life:
I didn't want to read and I didn't want to write or acknowledge the phone with its tendrils into the zombie enclaves. I didn't want the New Rugged; I wanted the Old Rugged and a pot to piss in. Otherwise, it's deteriorata, with mice undermining the wiring in my frame house, sparks jumping in the insulation, the dog turning queer, and a horned owl staring at the baby through the nursery window.48
The individual non-conformist stands out against the homogeneous mass ("the zombie enclaves"), and heterosexual machismo ("the dog turning queer") renews itself against the "deteriorata" of entropic collapse. Nature thus becomes a scene in which a declining sense of masculine power is restored. In McGuane, the masterful male hero often tends to persist as an absurd, self-deluding fantasy, rendered comic and absurd. Yet the figure is shown to have appeal as well as limitations.
This traditional sense of masculinity as involving the need for a man to prove himself in tests of prowess is a central preoccupation of McGuane's fishing stories for the men's magazine Esquire. "The Bonefish in the Other Room" begins characteristically with a sense of failure, as the narrator, with typically comic self-deprecation, describes his "wounded male vanity …" as he gets his fishing line caught in his back pocket. The mood of the writing then darkens: "I was in that state of mind perhaps not peculiar to angling when things seem to be in a steep curve of deterioration, and I had a fatal sense that I was not at the end of it."
McGuane recovers from this loss of control through a lesson in humility learned from his experience with the natural world. He watches the moon, appearing "as a fixed portion of the universe, while the clouds and weather of planet Earth poured over its face." The moon becomes a sign of the absolute, of a sublime element beyond human time. This decentring of the ego affords psychic relief: "Weather is one of the things that goes on without you, and after a certain amount of living, it is bracing to contemplate the many items not dependent upon you for their existence even if too many thinking reeds stalk the prairie." The final clause here suggests Malthusian-Darwinian fears of overpopulation as a threat to individual survival. Yet there is an overall feeling of confidence and mastery restored through contact with nature. Granted "a healthier view of loose fly line, the message from the moon, and my place in the universe …," he successfully catches the bonefish, which "came to my fly at the end of a long cast. And I landed him."49
"The Bonefish in the Other Room" refers to the "ceremony of angling holding our minds on all the proper things."50 In this respect, McGuane's deepest speculations move beyond the immediately political, into contemplations of a universalised human condition. In particular, mortality and loss exist in his work as inevitable facts to be confronted. The transience of human time, and experiences of separation, particularly those associated with generational differences, are healed by being set against the larger, cosmic times and "eternal" continuities of nature. Angling trips are often of interest to McGuane in the way that they provide opportunities for bridging generational differences:
I think of the father and son, a month of fishing together; that is, day and night, life together at what might have been inflexible ages, a struggle for active intimacy late in life in a country where we were all strangers. The rest of us, men with fathers, living or dead, caught this out of the corners of our eyes.51
Having confronted the inevitabilities of time, mortality and separateness, the trip becomes "a permanent resource to this surviving son."52 This need to overcome Oedipal rivalries is a key theme in McGuane's fiction. In Nothing But Blue Skies, Frank decides to become a businessman through a desire to prove himself to his father. This need for reconciliation between the generations extends to his daughter, Hollie, and significantly, it is an angling trip that provides the opportunity for their reunion.53
Many of McGuane's typical responses to nature are brought together in "West Boulder Spring," a meditation on Thoreau published in aid of the Walden Woods Project. The essay locates human beings within a landscape that is gradually revealed as a site of predatory struggles for survival. An identification is made between human beings and animals: "Over the sere landscape, the creatures are chasing each other just like the children at the local junior high." As the essay begins to darken in tone, there is a growing recognition of disease, death and an aggressive competition for food: calves sick with pneumonia, a yearling buck eaten by coyotes. The piece ends with the narrator confronting death as an unconditional fact of nature:
The face of creation takes in everything with a level stare. When I was younger, these manifestations of life's fury were comfortably free of premonition. Now there is a gravity that dignifies the hatchlings, the one-day lives of insects, the terrible slaughterhouse journey of livestock, and, of course, ourselves and our double handful of borrowed minerals.
Human beings are placed within a totalising metaphysic ("creation," "life's fury"), as part of an unconditional fate to which all living things are subject. However, this recognition tends to conflate what is natural ("the hatchlings, the one day lives of insects"), with what is more obviously culturally determined ("the terrible slaughterhouse journey of livestock"). This turning of culture into nature makes what is historical, and therefore potentially changeable, appear as inevitable and fixed. This is the basis of the pessimism that tends to permeate McGuane's writings, a sense of inevitabilities that cannot be transcended. "West Boulder Spring" ends accordingly with a search for spiritual consolation:
The obsessive business Thoreau complained of is rooted in fear; fear of mortality, and then of pain and loss and separation. Only in the observation of nature can we recover that view of eternity that consoled our forebears. The remains of the young buck dead at the spring are sounded in the cliffs above our house in the calls of the young coyotes, testing the future with their brand new voices, under the stars of outer space.54
A sublime nature puts human beings in their place, cautious and humble before "eternity," and acknowledging a limit to ambitions. The passage ends with paradoxes of life-in-death, as the young coyotes embody springtime renewal amid death and decay. Time ("the future") and space ("the stars of outer space"), small and large, local and cosmic, the transient and the eternal, the living and the inert: the reconciliation of opposites in the final paragraph in McGuane at his most overtly transcendentalist, an epiphany that is significantly not undermined by irony. Similarly, in Something to be Desired, Lucien discovers, riding on horseback in Montana, that, "he could look out through the tall wild prairie grasses on the stream bank and start to lose his sense of irony."55
Typically in McGuane's novels, however, such attempts to find consolation and emotional escape in nature are treated more sceptically, as temporary evasions of moral responsibility. In Nothing But Blue Skies, after a night of drunkenness, involving the theft and destruction of a truck, Frank retreats to the countryside with his fishing gear. He looks up into the Big Sky of Montana:
This seemed to him to be a grand and wholly acceptable arcade where his various sins were simply booths to be revisited with amusement … He joyously felt himself idling, an unreflective mood in which water was water, sky was sky, breeze was breeze. He knew it couldn't last.56
In a novel that also debunks psychiatry,57 there is here a rejection of notions of therapeutic healing that appear to simplify the complexities of human experience in order to give false consolation. As Frank puts it, "the messages of my formative years all came from Little Richard, who has never soiled himself with an inner journey."58
Nothing But Blue Skies explores what McGuane calls a "plateau of spiritual bankruptcy"59 without finding any easy solutions. Nature is seen as the site of possible renewal, but such a view is not allowed to become a system of belief beyond an ongoing spirit of skeptical inquiry. In McGuane's writings, nature gives an opportunity for his male protagonists to attempt to recover a sense of original purity and mastery beyond the compromises and power struggles of a competitive society. In the Buzzworm interview, McGuane described the "personal desperation" of his characters, and how their "escape from that emotional dead end is always seen in the natural world."60 As such, his work confirms the recurrent element in American nature writing as identified by Peter Fritzell: "that deep, original desire to escape history or civilization, to return to Eden and become again an unthinking, unsinning part of nature…."61 Yet irony is a constantly disruptive force in McGuane's fiction, not allowing such moments of transcendence to evade radical questioning and doubt.
1. Donald Worster, Under Western Skies (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992), 251.
2. Walter J. Ong, Rhetoric, Romance and Technology (London: Cornell University Press, 1971), 280.
3. Leo Marx, "Ecology and American Ideals," in Environment and Americans, ed. Roderick Nash (London: Holt, Richart and Winston, 1972), 100.
4. Perry Miller, Errand into the Wilderness (Cambridge: Belknap Press, Harvard University, 1956), ch. 9, "Nature and the National Ego."
5. Donald Worster, op. cit., 255.
6. Thomas McGuane, "Some Notes on Montana," Architectural Digest (June 1992), 45.
7. Ibid., 36.
8. "Thomas McGuane Speaks," interview with Deborah Houy, Buzzworm: THE Environmental Journal, Jan/Feb. 1993, 32-4.
9. McGuane, Nothing But Blue Skies (London: Minerva, 1993), 131.
10. Ibid., 48.
11. Ibid., 95.
12. Ibid., 95.
13. Ibid., 123.
14. McGuane, "The Spell of Wild Rivers," Audubon, Nov.-Dec. 1993, 63.
15. Ibid., 64.
16. McGuane, Nothing But Blue Skies, 206.
17. Ibid., 281.
18. Ibid., 208.
19. Ibid., 246.
20. McGuane, Something to be Desired (New York, Vintage Contemporaries, 1985), 37-8.
21. Michel Serres, "The Natural Contract," translated by Felicia McCarren Critical Inquiry (Autumn 1992), 6.
22. Ibid., II.
23. Lynn White, "The Historical Roots of our Ecological Crisis," Science, 155, (1967).
24. Kirkpatrick Sale, The Green Revolution (New York: Hill and Wang, 1993), 27.
25. McGuane, Something to be Desired, 54.
26. McGuane, "The Brown Trout at the Bottom of the World," Esquire, June 1992, 64.
27. McGuane, Nothing But Blue Skies, 230.
28. John Steinbeck, The Grapes of Wrath (1939; London: Mandarin, 1990), 133.
29. McGuane, "The F-word," Esquire, Dec. 1991, 81.
30. In. "Tom McGuane," Mark Harris, Publishers Weekly, 29 Sept. 1989, 50.
31. McGuane, Nothing But Blue Skies, 149.
32. Ibid., 273.
33. Ibid., 243.
34. Lynn Segal, Slow Motion: Changing Masculinities, Changing Men (London: Virago, 1990), 208ff.
35. McGuane, Nothing But Blue Skies, 223.
36. McGuane, Something to be Desired, 15.
37. Ibid., 28.
38. Ibid., 29.
39. McGuane, Nothing But Blue Skies, 82-3.
40. Jane Tompkins, West of Everything (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992), 82.
41. McGuane, "The Heart of the Game," in An Outside Chance, (Boston: Houghton Mifflin/Seymour Lawrence, 1990), 230-1.
42. Stephen Jay Gould, Ever Since Darwin (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1991), 238-9.
43. McGuane, An Outside Chance, 234.
44. Richard Slotkin, Regeneration Through Violence (Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 1973), 22.
45. Georges Bataille, Eroticism (London: Boyars, 1987), 15.
46. McGuane, An Outside Chance, 239.
47. Ibid., 233.
48. Ibid., 236.
49. McGuane, "The Bonefish in the Other Room," Esquire, Feb. 1992, 56.
50. Ibid., 55.
51. McGuane, "Stupendous Vulgarities, Delicate Subjects." Esquire, Oct. 1991, 74.
52. Ibid., 76.
53. McGuane, Nothing But Blue Skies, 151ff.
54. McGuane, "West Boulder Spring," in Heaven Is Under Our Feet, ed. Don Henley and Dave Marsh, (New York: Berkley Books, 1992), 52.
55. McGuane, Something to be Desired, 36.
56. McGuane, Nothing But Blue Skies, 234.
57. Ibid., 127ff.
58. Ibid., 324.
59. "Thomas McGuane Speaks," Buzzworm, 32.
60. Ibid., 32.
61. Peter Frizell, Nature Writing and America (Ames: Iowa State University, 1990), 6.
This section contains 6,927 words
(approx. 24 pages at 300 words per page)


text:
Real reviews, from customers like you.
Finding moorings is extremely hard with poor signing in that area
Next time , we would try a newer boat. The toilets were w
Very stinky and extremely unpleasant.
An older boat that has been updated on the interior the exterior needs a makeover ,great fridge for the wine and beer and the ladies welcomed the 240v system so they could use a proper hairdryer
Cruising on the Norfolk Broads is not cheap in comparison to other self catering holidays & the San Marino isn't the best boat in the Richardson's fleet, that is reflected in the price - it's a great boat for it's price range - but if your looking for luxury then you need to pay more for the privilege! We however loved every minute of our time & found this cruiser to fit our needs perfectly.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Washington Group International, a leading engineering, construction and management company, transferred to the NYSE from Nasdaq on Mar. 27. Headquartered in
On Mar. 28, the NYSE Arca Tech 100 ETF listed on NYSE Arca. Tracking the top 100 technology-related common stocks and ADRs across various
BlackRock Global Equity Income Trust, headquartered in
Evergreen Global Dividend Opportunity Fund, headquartered in
On Mar. 28, First Trust Strategic High Income Fund III began trading on the NYSE under the ticker symbol FHO. Headquartered in Lisle, IL, the company joined the Exchange as an initial public offering.
ING Asia Pacific High Dividend Equity Income Fund began trading on the NYSE as an initial public offering on Mar. 28. Headquartered in
On Mar. 28, Nuveen Core Equity Alpha Fund began trading on the NYSE as an initial public offering. Headquartered in
Flagstone Reinsurance Holdings Limited, headquartered in
About NYSE Group, Inc
The NYSE is the world's largest and most liquid cash equities exchange. The NYSE provides a reliable, orderly, liquid and efficient marketplace where investors buy and sell listed companies' common stock and other securities. On
NYSE Arca, Inc. operates the former ArcaEx®, the first open, all-electronic stock exchange in the
NYSE Regulation, an independent not-for-profit subsidiary, regulates member organizations through the enforcement of marketplace rules and federal securities laws. NYSE Regulation also ensures that companies listed on the NYSE and NYSE Arca meet their financial and corporate governance listing standards.
For more information on NYSE Group, go to: www.nyse.com.
Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements


text:
In a 2011 interview, funny woman Chelsea Handler asked Miss Piggy about her weight and classification as "plus-size."
The real problem with classification is that an enormous amount is classified that needs to be public.
He likens the current classification system to a low fence of security around a large prairie of information.
1772, "action of classifying," noun of action from Latin stem of classify, or from French classification. Meaning "result of classifying" is from 1789.
classification clas·si·fi·ca·tion (klās'ə-fĭ-kā'shən)
A systematic arrangement into classes or groups.
The systematic grouping of organisms into categories on the basis of evolutionary or structural relationships between them; taxonomy.
The systematic grouping of organisms according to the structural or evolutionary relationships among them. Organisms are normally classified by observed similarities in their body and cell structure or by evolutionary relationships based on the analysis of sequences of their DNA. See more at cladistics, Linnean. See Table at taxonomy.


text:
Ministerial Group Holds Forum on Education
The Bremerton African American Ministerial Alliance (BAAMA) will host a forum for parents on improving student achievement at 7 p.m. Thursday at Grace Bible Church, 7070 Bethel Burley Road SE, in Port Orchard.
BAAMA is a group of local ministers focused on black student achievement, but all parents are invited to the forum, which is co-hosted by the South Kitsap School District, said president Larry Robertson, bishop of Emmanuel Apostolic Church in Bremerton.
"Our focus is how can we maximize student achievement and ensure all students meet or exceed graduation requirements," Robertson said.
Student achievement goes beyond WASL scores, he added.
The forum will include a discussion and sharing of ideas between parents and school district officials. School officials will outline learning opportunities available for students in South Kitsap.
The forum is "an opportunity to move forward beyond the past breakdowns and enter into a new season where helping our children improve academically is our major concern," Robertson said.
Another forum for the Bremerton School District is scheduled for 7 p.m. April 26 at Faith Temple C.O.G.I.C, 2814 Trenton Ave. NE, in Bremerton.
For information, call Pastor Floyd Robinson, BAAMA South Kitsap Area Coordinator, at (360) 876-6720, Ray Rogers at (360) 649-4992, or the Emmanuel Apostolic Church office at (360) 479-3674.
Subscribe to the Kitsap Sun
Need Help? Call us at 1-877-304-7764.
Monday-Friday: 5am-6pm / Saturday: 5am-8pm / Sunday: 4am-11am


text:
20 Nov 21:35 2014
suPHP and mail logging
daniel-marschall <daniel-marschall@...>
Hello, I have a problem with suPHP and mail logging. In php.ini I have following content to detect sending of spam: mail.log = /var/log/php/mail.log When I use mail() with one of my users, I get the error message that /var/log/php/mail.log is not writeable by the user, which is correct. But I expect that this file is written by www-user, since the writing process is an internal functionality of PHP's mail() function and cannot be exploited by the user in writing arbitary files, so I don't want that suPHP enforces the user-privileges to this internal functionality. I can't use per-user-logfiles since I don't want that users remove their own log entries to hide sending spam. What can I do? Best regards Daniel Marschall


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39 year old woman | La Grange, IL, USA | Seeking men 30-40 within 30 miles
I'm looking for something bigger. I'm looking for a dare to be great situation.
I know I can make someone a very happy person. I'm looking for someone to have fun with and possibly blossom into a long term relationship. I have many different qualities to offer. I'm looking to find someone that shares the same interests as me. My family means the world to me, so ideally I would like to find someone who shares the same family values. My family is a big, loud and crazy Italian family and I am extremely close to the lot of them. No matter what comes up we always have a great time together. I recently became an aunt for the 4th time and I adore and spoil my nephews and nieces to no end. I love to be spontaneous and get out and do new things and see new places. I'm happy with a romantic dinner out for the night, but yet someone who can be relaxed on a Sunday afternoon or spend a great night out having fun with friends. My friends all would say I am very sweet, loyal and trustworthy. The one person they can always count on for anything and who is there for everyone. I would like to meet someone who has their head on straight. Someone who is open minded, and doesn't sweat the small stuff. Every girl wants to find the person that brings out the best in her. I'd be happy if you were a good person , but I would be ecstatic if you were someone to treat me good. After years of searching for my perfect match, here I am. I may not be the supermodel you are looking for, but I might be the girl of your dreams. I'm cute, love to have fun, and adore a good laugh. I have a great heart, full of compassion and passionate about life. I make the most out of everything I do and looking for someone to share that with. They say good things come to those who wait, well I've waited long enough I'm ready for my good thing!!! So drop me a message or send me a wink and lets see where things can go.
Book club , Camping , Cooking , Dining out , Gardening/Landscaping , Hobbies and crafts , Movies/Videos , Museums and art , Music and concerts , Exploring new areas , Nightclubs/Dancing , Performing arts , Playing cards , Playing sports , Shopping/Antiques , Travel/Sightseeing , Video games , Watching sports , Wine tasting
Aerobics, Baseball, Basketball, Billiards / Pool, Bowling, Dancing, Football, Inline skating, Swimming, VolleyBall, Walking / Hiking
I exercise 3-4 times per week.
I have Dogs
I love animals! I have 2 dogs a long hair mini Dachshund and a pekingese.
Middle of the Road
Local hot spots are always fun. I'm happy at the neighborhood bar with a cold beer, but I can also have a blast at a club with the girls. Traveling is a hobby of mine, I have been to many Islands.
The Illinois Institute of Art–Chicago, Chicago, IL
TV-Game of Thrones, Bones,Ghost Hunters,Shameless etc. I love pretty much any type of music. I''m a sucker for 80's hair bands! I'm somewhat of a picky eater. But I have to say, Ive come a long way! I love Halloween!! Also a huge movie person
I love movies, I like all types I'm happy at the theater or at home. I am a huge traveler, the best vacations are hot beach areas. I love to cook,dance, watch a good band &camp; being kid at heart Disney is my fav place to be. Baking is a hobby
Huge fan of series books, Reading is a passion. II'll read just about anything to try it once. Oh yeah been reading profiles on match!!!
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
|What she is looking for
|5'0" (152cms)
|5'6" (167cms) to 8'11" (271cms)
|Body type:
|No preference
|No preference
|No preference
|No Way
|No preference
|Social Drinker
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|Education / Teacher / Professor
|No preference
I am a substitute teacher in the LaGrange area and I love it. But my passion is in my costume designs for different play houses and people, among other creative ventures!!
|I'll tell you later
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|Have kids:
|No preference
|Wants kids:
|White / Caucasian
|White / Caucasian
I am Italian, Irish and German.
|Christian / Catholic
|Atheist, Christian / Catholic, Christian / LDS, Christian / Protestant, Spiritual but not religious
|Bachelors degree
|High school, Some college, Associates degree, Bachelors degree, Graduate degree, PhD / Post Doctoral


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33 year old woman | Midlothian, TX, USA | Seeking men 26-35 in United States
Looking for not everyday kind of love, but an out of this world kind of love, head over heels, I adore you, lets join hands and JUMP!
Once I am in love with a man, all my attention is on him. He is the top of my world because I love him! So I want to make his life the happiest it could possibly be. I want a MAN. Doesn't play head games, but thinks I'm extremely sexy and truly treasures me. He understands my soul and wants to protect my heart from harm. Is protective of me and is not timid in taking the lead. He makes me feel special, verbally and physically expresses his feelings. And he thinks I was made from God especially for him. My greatest qualities are that I am nonjudgmental--I love all of humanity and find beauty in the graces we all possess. Everyone is deserving of love, kindness, care, and opportunity. I'm a dreamer, and with that comes great drive and will to act upon my passions to see those dreams become a reality. My passion, loyalty, commitment, will, endurance, forgiveness, and understanding run VERY deep in me. My match has to have the same attributes and depth of compassion, love, and strength. I know what I have to offer, and I've learned to never settle for less then I deserve. In turn, I will be all that my mate deserves as well. "We accept the love we believe we deserve." I won't settle for less, and I encourage you to never settle for less than you truly deserve as well. Its our life. Live it with no regrets.
Book club , Camping , Coffee and conversation , Business networking , Cooking , Dining out , Gardening/Landscaping , Hobbies and crafts , Movies/Videos , Museums and art , Music and concerts , Exploring new areas , Nightclubs/Dancing , Performing arts , Playing cards , Religion/Spiritual , Shopping/Antiques , Travel/Sightseeing , Video games , Volunteering , Watching sports , Wine tasting
Baseball, Basketball, Billiards / Pool, Bowling, Dancing, Football, Golf, Swimming, Tennis / Racquet sports, Walking / Hiking
I exercise 1-2 times per week.
I have Dogs
I like Birds, Cats, Exotic Pets, Fish, Horses
Middle of the Road
Hanging out with friends at the coffee shop, Jazz clubs, baseball and football games, movies, sports bars, clubs for dancing, laying outside looking up at the heavens, listening to music and attending concerts, puttputt games, arcades, gocart racing
John Brown University, Siloam Springs, AR
Any kind of movie except demon and horror films. All kinds of music except screaming psycho mean music, all foods except sushi or other raw fish. TV, Musicals/Theatre, history, swinging on swings, laughing and colorful rubber bouncy balls.
I enjoy art, music, movies, sightseeing, hiking, zoos and aquariums, petting zoos, vacationing, golfing, weekend getaways, cooking, jazz clubs, coffee with friends, pizza and wings party for Cowboys, Rangers or college football parties with friends
Currently reading Happily Ever After written by Kristen Armstrong. It's a 365 day devotional on getting through the first year of divorce with strength and courage. Everything James Patterson. Scify and high fantasy.
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
|What she is looking for
|5'7" (170cms)
|5'9" (175cms) to 6'0" (182cms)
|Body type:
|Slender, About average, Athletic and toned
|Blue, Brown, Grey, Green, Hazel
|Dark brown
|Black, Light brown, Dark brown, Blonde, Dark blonde
|No Way
|No Way
|Social Drinker
|Never, Social Drinker
|Education / Teacher / Professor
|No preference
|$35,001 to $50,000
|$50,001 to $75,000, $75,001 to $100,000, $100,001 to $150,000, $150,001+
|Never Married, Widow / Widower, Divorced
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|Yes, and they sometimes live at home, No, Yes, and they live away from home, Yes, and they live at home
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|Native American, White / Caucasian
|Asian, Latino / Hispanic, Native American, Pacific Islander, White / Caucasian
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|Christian / Protestant, Spiritual but not religious, Christian / Other
Raised Southern Baptist--currently nondenominational. I just love God and the Trinity, pray for His will, and ask and accept His forgiveness when I often err. So, it's better to describe my faith just as that--faith in Jesus Christ my Lord and Savior
|Dutch, English, French, German, Italian, Norwegian, Portuguese, Spanish, Swedish
|Graduate degree
|Bachelors degree, Graduate degree, PhD / Post Doctoral
I have a bachelors degree in Broadcasting and a Masters in Education and Teaching--Curriculum and Instruction. Been a teacher part time and full time for eight years.


text:
The Giant Beastcast: Episode 06
Become Premium to Watch
Her Story is a bold and largely successful experiment in interactive crime fiction.
Rocksteady's gorgeous-looking third Arkham game refines its open-world format a bit and lets you drive a whole hell of a lot of Batmobile.
It's squid kids and ink blasting abound in Nintendo's exceptionally fun new online shooter.
Franchise »
Characters either begin with multiple outfits, unlock them through play, or purchase them as in-game items. These costumes are sometimes integral to play.
Archery is the practice of propelling arrows with use of a bow. Throughout history, archery skills have been used in both hunting and warfare. Today, it is also a sport and recreational activity.
Artificial Intelligence, or AI, commonly refers to the programmed behaviors of NPCs in a game, whether it's the fact that a soldier takes cover behind a wall in Gears of War, or that townspeople cheer upon your arrival to their village in Fable.
A boss fight is a culminating challenge that pits the player against one or more enemies representing a greater threat and/or difficulty than those previously faced. These scenarios typically feature unique antagonists.
Video game bosses are usually the main antagonist, and arch nemesis of the main protagonist. In most cases the end of a game is when the main character defeats the final boss.
Cavalry Troopers are warriors the specialized in mounted combat.
A concept in games with multiple characters, a screen with pictures of all playable characters with the possibility of stat listings.
Wii and Wii U games that can be played using the Classic Controller (Pro).
Typically found in fighting games, combos are a series of strung-together moves.
Crafting allows players to create their own items with the correct ingredients. It is used mainly in MMOs and RPGs.
Crowd control is the art of whittling down large groups of attacking enemies via the constant reassessment of the greatest threat to the player; achieved by constant player movement, and adjusting the aim to the closest threat, then quickly moving on to the next greatest threat, and so forth.
The main line of distinction between victory or failure in video games, death is the process of a biological being ceasing to be alive.
Sometimes you want a challenge, sometimes you wanna coast.
Digital Distribution is the concept of purchasing digital media via the internet and having it sent to the user directly via the internet. No physical representation of this content is given but the content resides on the users hard drive and is legally owned by them.
The 2010 Electronic Entertainment Expo (E3) took place at the Los Angeles Convention Center in Los Angeles, California on June 15-17.
Frequently seen in RPGs and Fighting games, The EHI helps you calculate the current health of your opponent.
Experience Points are part of a character advancement system commonly found in RPGs. These points are generally gained by defeating an enemy or completing a task.
The feudal period of Japanese history, which was dominated by powerful regional families holding large areas of land (daimyo) and military warlords (shogun), between 1185 and 1603 AD.
Fireworks are a form of incendiary rocket designed to explode "gently" in bright colours and cause no damage, traditionally set off to mark festive or historic events.
Wii games that can be played using a GameCube controller.
These games were popular enough to warrant an anime, whether it was a full television series, an OVA (original video animation), or a feature-length movie.
An interesting revelation. While some games will only accept a START button press, many other games aren't as strict.
The annual European games convention held in Cologne, Germany. It took place on the 18-22 of August.
A term that can be used to refer to RPGs that focus more on the action, or brawler action games which focus on hack & slash gameplay.
HD collections are multiple games in a franchise that have been remastered to comform to HD standards and then put on a single disc.
Health is a value that gauges how much damage players can take in a game before they die or pass out. Also known as life in some games. Health is usually represented by a bar or a percentage instead of an exact amount. Found in most non sport games
Historically inaccurate games are those that do not abide by actual historical timelines for design or plot points.
These achievements are not official Xbox or Steam Achievements, nor PlayStation Trophies; however, they are designed to encourage the player in the same manner.
The process by which characters reach a new level, gain greater attributes, and learn more abilities. It usually involves earning enough experience points by completing a variety of tasks such as quests or by "farming" such as killing other characters for their experience points.
Sometimes things are lost during a game's localization. These can include major gameplay elements, significant parts of the plot and the depictions of certain characters.
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Original recipe yields 9 servings
Amount per serving ({{servings}} total)
Based on a 2,000 calorie diet
Ready In
Loved it! I just added some beef cubes (for stews), and oregano and it was a success at my family dinner. Will do it again for guests.
easy meal does well with chicken base. if using condensed chicken base omit the salt
Well, lentils are good and wholesome, but I would not feed this to my kids too often. It will not go into my regular rotation.


text: According to a new survey from the League for Innovation in the Community College, enrollments are, in fact, increasing at community colleges across the country, especially in online programs. A quick and careless read could lead one to conclude that profits from growing online programs were being used to supplant losses in state aid.There may be some college, somewhere, that's actually doing that. But I haven't seen it.


text:
Maximum Run
Green Rope Light - 12V Spools
1/2 in. Diameter
3/8 in. Diameter
Green Rope Light - 12V Spools
Use a 12-volt green rope light for applications where safety is a concern. Low-voltage rope lights last up to 35,000 hours and emit a beautiful green glow, and they are better suited for some outdoor and automotive applications. Wrap a rope light around a tree to light up your backyard space. Install rope lighting underneath your car for a cool effect. These rope lights can be had in 1/2-inch or 3/8-inch diameter at 150 feet long (200 feet is available for the 1/2-inch rope). At 1000Bulbs.com, you can find unique lighting ideas and equipment to light up your space in style.


text:
Kasama has posted an early flight test video of the upcoming SRIMOK 90 Electric on their web site. The video is very short, but gives you a glimpse of whats to come and the power of the 90 electric.
BREAKING: Kasama SRIMOK 90 Electric Prototype Flight Test
BREAKING: Compass Knight 3D Plus Debuted at Alpine Heli Smackdown
Team Compass brought two examples of the upcoming new Knight 3D Plus heli to Alpine Heli Smackdown this past weekend. Compass is claiming they have removed 250g of weight of the new 3D Plus compared to the original 3D. This means even with a standard OS Hyper 50 or YS 50 the heli will do extremely well in the air. Click inside to see two flight videos and pictures!
A MAIN HOBBIES Launches Customer Rewards
You all know them….the rewards programs that you join to give you discounts for being a frequent and repeat customer. Looks like A Main is doing some creative marketing and doing the same. If you have purchased anything since Nov 7, 2007, then you are eligible for 1 point for nearly every $1 you spent. Click link below for details and restrictions.
VIDEO: JS Models Frenzy 90 is Coming Soon
We just added some video from IRCHA of this highly anticipated machine from A MAIN HOBBIES as well. Check it out by clicking the link below.
BREAKING: 3D Video of Align T-Rex 700 Gasser!!!
Our Asia partner RC Mania Magazine brings us one of the first flight test videos of the Align T-Rex 700 Gasser including mild 3D action! The first part of the video is very slow, the action start around the 2 minute mark.
EVENT PHOTOS: 2009 Heli Invasion – Saturday
Saturday's turnout was huge. With 80 pilots registered by the close of registration on Friday, Saturday's registration grew the total to over 130 pilots. This has to be one of – if not the largest event on the east coast. There were over 150 spectators, 27 RV's and campers and a double row of cars lining the back of the field from one end to the other.
VIDEO COVERAGE: 2009 LA3D Fun Fly
The San Fernando Valley Flyers (SFVF) hosted the 2009 LA3D Classic Fun Fly this past weekend at the Apollo XI Airfield. Team RC Heli Resource was on site covering the event with video and pictures. All videos from this event will be inside this single post.
Latest Shipment of Kasama SRIMOK 90 In US!
If you missed out on the last shipment, then not to worry as two of the three US retailers have recieved a new allotment of kits. Click to find out where and how you can orders yours today!
2009 AHS: Tareq Alsaadi EYE WATERING SMACKDOWN
This video is rated "EMOTIONAL." I can't believe how good this guy has gotten. Truly a hallmark flight that will makes its rounds into the RCHR smackdown hall of fame. Watch and weep. My hat is off to Tareq Alsaadi and his Align T-Rex 700 flying EDGE 693 blades!
1,000th Fan on Facebook get the big Prize!
Well we didn't advertise it but we would like to show our utmost appreciation for the fans of facebook. We started the page just a few months ago with no big expectations and now its has really taken off and is now our #3 referrer of traffic to the website.
See the full story >>
See the full story >>
EVENT PHOTOS: LA 3D 2009 Saturday
It seems the helicopter gods were with us at the LA 3D 2009 funfly. The event was pulled off perfectly. With great weather, there was flying every hour of the day. Combined with the perfect number of people in attendance, each flight station was never so busy that you'd have to wait more than fifteen minutes to fly. A number of big name pilots were in attendance, such as Tim Jones, Jason Bell, Kyle Dall, and Ben Storick, in addition to some up and coming pilots. Read on to see more photo's of this great event.
EVENT PHOTOS: LA 3D 2009 Friday
Our staff made it out to the world famous Apollo field for the last few hours of the first day of the LA 3D funfly. So far, the weather is perfect for flying, with a cool 75 degrees and little to no wind. For those of you who are considering making the trip out to the field Saturday, well, you definitely do not want to miss this one. Read on for more pictures.
EVENT PHOTOS: 2009 Heli Invasion – Friday
I had the opportunity to travel to Fredricksburg, VA to attend the 2009 Heli Invasion and the trip was well worth it. When I pulled into the field on Friday it was very evident this event was going large. People were everywhere and two rows of cars and RV's lined the back of the field. Last years event had about 80 registered pilots and that number was surpassed by the end of the day on Friday. Friday turned out to be great day of fun, food, friends, and of course off the hook flying with many pros in attendance. Jarad Granzow, Marcus Kim, Bert Kammerer, Nick Maxwell, Curtis Youngblood, Henry Caldwell, and Justin Chi were all there to name a few.
SPY SHOTS: New JR 11X ZERO Radio
Thanks to our Asia partner RCMania Magazine for locating these spy shots of the upcoming JR 11x zero radio release. There is a lot of hype building on the internet about this radio. We should have more details soon as JR is about to launch the 11X web site tomorrow.
UPDATE: KDE Direct ALIGN PERFORMANCE TAIL UPGRADE V2
KDE Direct has been listening to our customers, and we are proud to announce the release of the Performance Tail V2 Upgrades. In addition to the excellent performance of the original upgrades, the V2 version now includes dual, flanged radial ball bearing support and optimized bushing-sleeve bore machining on both Tail Links to produce a truly slop-free, high-performance tail control assembly. The upgrades are available for all the 450, 500, 600, and 700 series Align helicopters on the market.
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Join author David Gassner as he describes how to add dynamic data to a PHP-enabled web site in Adobe Dreamweaver. This intermediate course shows how to plan and create a MySQL database, define a PHP-enabled site in Dreamweaver, connect the site to the database, and manage and present dynamic data. David also explores Dreamweaver features such as PHP custom class introspection and site-specific code hinting as well as the differences between the CS5 and CS6 versions of the software.
This course was updated on 6/12/2012.
Once you've completed and tested your PHP-based site on your local computer, you can deploy it to your remote site. I'll start by showing you how to configure the remote site, and how to set it up to work with the remote site over FTP, or File Transfer Protocol. For the purpose of this demonstration, I'm using an FTP server called FileZilla. It's a Windows-based, free FTP server which you can get from the web, and it's very easy to set up and install. I've configured a single user on the server.
The name of the user is ftpuser, and I'll show you that under Shared folders, it's pointing to a folder named remote, under my web root. So for demonstration purposes, I'm working with the same installation of Apache, MySQL, and PHP, as I am for my local server, but I'm pointing to a different directory. I'll close the User configurationscreen in FileZilla and then minimize it to keep it running. Now, if you're working on Mac OS X, you can instead use the FTP capability that's built into that operating system.
Go into your System Preferences, to Sharing, to File Sharing, and then under Options, you'll be able to turn on the FTP capability. Or if you'd like to apply these skills to an actual remote site, just get the FTP credentials from your Internet Service Provider, or your web server administrator. I'm working with a site named 09_deployremote. I'll go to the menu and choose Site > Manage Sites, and then click Edit to look at the Site preferences.
I'll go to the Servers category on the left. When I first configured the site, I created a local server definition. Now I'm going to add a new server definition for the remote server. I'll click plus, and I'll name this Remote Server. You can connect using a variety of protocols, but almost all the time you're going to use FTP, or File Transfer Protocol. The FTP Address can either be the DNS name or the IP address of your remote server. I'm going to use the IP address, 127.0.0.1.
Then I'll type in my username, ftpuser, and the password that I created with it. Then I'll test. If your FTP server is running, you should connect to your server automatically. If you have any troubles, the first thing to try is to go into More Options and try selecting Use Passive FTP, and then click Test again. If you're still having trouble, check Adobe's web site. Go to the Dreamweaver Support site, and type in connecting with FTP, and you'll find a knowledge-based article that should help.
My username is already connected to the correct directory, so I don't need to put any information here under Root Directory. I'm also setting the web URL to point to the remote folder under the localhost. For a remote FTP server, you won't use this value, but it's a good idea to have it be accurate. Then I'll click Advanced, and I'll check to make sure that I have this option, Maintain synchronization information, selected. This will allow me to easily synchronize my files between the client and the remote site.
And as with the testing server, I'll set the Server model to PHP MySQL. I'm not going to turn on the other options. This one, Automatically upload files to server on Save, will cause all changes to be uploaded immediately upon saving them. I typically don't like to do that. You can, if you like, use the file checkout capability. This results in placing file locks on files on your remote server, so that only one user can check them out at a time.
I'll click Save, and then I'll check to make sure that my new server is marked as the remote server and not as the resting server, and I'll click Save. Then I'll click Done, and I'll go to my Files panel. Right now, I'm looking at the Local View, that is the set of files that I've been managing through Dreamweaver already. I'll switch to the remote server and show you that that folder is empty, and I'll show you the physical folder on the server, which on Windows is wamp/www/remote, and show that it's starting off as an empty file also.
If this folder doesn't already exist on your local computer, you should create it now, and then you'll be ready to upload files to your server and synchronize the files between the client and the remote server whenever you need to.
Find answers to the most frequently asked questions about Dreamweaver with PHP and MySQL .
Here are the FAQs that matched your search "" :
<?php include('../ZendFramework/library/Zend/Date.php'); ?
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You can then programmatically modify the include_path variable at runtime with the set_include_path() function. For example, if your physical root folder is /home/myroot, the code might look like this:
<?phpset_include_path('.' . PATH_SEPARATOR .'/home/myroot/ZendFramework/library/Zend');include('Date.php');?
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text:
BEIRUT: Losing presidential candidate Maher Hajjar has offered his congratulations to President Bashar Assad, saying the Syrian people had entrusted him with leading an "Arab social and national liberation movement," according to SANA.
The state-run news agency said Friday that Hajjar had sent a cable of congratulations to Assad after he received more than 88 percent of the vote in Tuesday's presidential poll, condemned by many western countries as a "farce."
Hajjar praised the election's "unprecedented turnout" as being one of the "most important factors of strength that allows the completion of a comprehensive, expansive national dialogue."
The Syrian people, he continued, had tasked Assad with safeguarding national stability, fighting terror, and "building a strong, resilient, secular and democratic state, one of resistance [to Israel], and leading an Arab movement of national and social liberation."
Hajjar came in third in the race with 3.2 percent of the vote, behind Abdullah Nouri, who received 4.3 percent.
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From his fields in Turkey, farmer Huseyin Ozdemir can see Islamist militants digging trenches and planting mines as...
U.S.-led coalition aircraft unleashed a series of airstrikes targeting the ISIS stronghold of Raqqa in what the...
Iran says it has deployed a new domestically built long-range radar system, signaling a strengthening of its air...


text:
As it prepares to make Chicago its North American headquarters, the German-based ThyssenKrupp manufacturing company is facing allegations that company supervisors in the city created a hostile and intimidating work environment for an African-American employee.
A superintendant at ThyssenKrupp used the N-word "routinely" around African-American sales representative Montrelle Reese, according to a November finding by the state Department of Human Rights.
Though the supervisor later claimed he was impersonating a rapper of Asian descent from the musical group Linkin Park, the skin-darkening showed the company "fosters an environment of accepted racial intolerance," the report states.
Reese also alleged other salespeople made racially offensive comments and jokes about the South Side of Chicago, which was part of Reese's sales territory for the company that makes elevators, auto components and carbon steel.
Reese, who worked for ThyssenKrupp from 2007 to 2010, plans to use the Department of Human Rights report as the basis of a lawsuit against the company, according to his attorney Stephen Potts.
"He's devastated about this treatment," Potts said.
Brian Jackson, an attorney for ThyssenKrupp, dismissed the allegations, arguing that the state's report does not mean a law has been violated.
"We look forward to having our day in court," Jackson said.
Last week, Mayor Rahm Emanuel joined ThyssenKrupp officials to announce that the company will locate its regional headquarters in Chicago, bringing 100 additional jobs to the city. ThyssenKrupp employs about 1,400 people in Illinois.
Responding Saturday to the state's findings, a mayoral spokeswoman said that the administration has no tolerance for prejudice.
"Behavior of the sort alleged in the complaint has absolutely no place in the city of Chicago or anywhere," spokeswoman Sarah Hamilton said in an e-mail.
Jim Riegler, executive vice president of human resources for ThyssenKrupp Elevator, a division of the company, declined in an e-mail statement to discuss the specifics of Reese's complaint.
But he said ThyssenKrupp "is dedicated to providing a discrimination-free work environment for our employees and to aggressively pursuing and investigating any and all claims of improper or illegal conduct within the organization."
Twitter @_johnbyrne
ThyssenKrupp denies racism allegation, looks forward to 'having our day in court'
Chicago Mayor Rahm Emanuel (right) stands alongside Torsten Gessner, Chairman and CEO of ThyssenKrupp North America, during an announcement Feb. 2. (Nancy Stone/ Chicago Tribune)


text:
PS3 TrueBlue 3.55 Tools Game List
PS3 JB2 Compatible Game List (Tested worked on the newest trueblue version 2.7 Update)
Remarks: Only Original and Genuine True Blue Dongle Can use the update PKG
*These games have to play with True Blue JB2 USB device on PS3 Version CFW 3.55.
Tested working on PS3 with true blue, special offer 10 bucks per copy.
Ace Combat Assault Horizon
Armoured Core V JPN
Armoured core V(Eng)
Assassin's Creed Revelation
Asura Wrath
Atelier Totori The Adventure of Arland
Batman Arkham City
Blades of Time
Beyond the Future fix the time flow JPN
Binary Domain
Blaz Blue Continuum Shift Extend
Bleach Soul Resurrection
Body Count
Bird Of Steel
Cabela's big game hunter 2012
Call Of Duty Modern Warfare 3
Call of Juarez The Cartel
Captain America
Child of Eden (Move Required)
Dark Souls
Devil May Cry HD Collection
Dead Island
Dead Rising 2:Off The Record
Darkness 2
Dirt 3
Dirt Showdown
Driver San Francisco
Dragonballz Ultimate Tenkaichi
Dragon Dogma
Dynasty Warriors 7 :Xtreme Legends (CN)
Dreamworks Superstar kartz
Dungeon Siege III
Eye pet and Friends (Move Required)
Final Fantasy XIII-2
Final Fantasy XIII-2 (ENG)
Fear 3
Fifa Street
Game Of Throne
Golden Eye Reloaded 007 (Move Compatible)
Galgun JPN (Move Required)
Gran Slam Tennis 2 (Move Compatible)
Green Lantern:Rise Of The Manhunters
Harry Potter and the Deadly Hallows Part 2
Hyperdimension Neptupia MK2
JASF Janes Avanced Strike Fighters
Jak and Daxter Collection
Just Dance 3 (Move Required)
Kidou Senshi Gundam Unicorn JPN
Kidou Senshi Gundam Extreme Vs. JPN
King of Fighter XIII
King of Amalur Reckoning
Kungfu Panda 2
Lego Pirates Of The Caribbean
Le Tour De France
Lord Of The Rings: War In The North
Monkey Island Special Edition
Mass Effect 3
Max Payne 3
Major League Baseball 2K12
Metal Gear Solid HD Collection
Musou Orochi 2 JPN
Mugen Souls (JPN)
Mud Fim Motorcross
NFS The Run
No more Heroes Heroes Paradise
NCIS(Move Compatible)
Ninja gaiden 3
Naruto Generations JPN
Nurarihyon No Mago Hyakki Ryouran Taisen JPN
One Peace Kai Zou Muso JPN
Order Up
Portal 2 '
Phineas and Ferb
Puss In Boots (Move Compatible)
Prototype 2
Rachet & Clank All 4 One
Rayman Origins
Record Of Agarest War Zero
Red Faction Armageddon
Rugby World Cup 2011
Rune Factory Tides Of Destiny
Saints Row The Third
Saint Seiya Sanctuary Battle JPN
Saint Seiya Sanctuary Battle Eng
SBK Generation
Shadow of the Damned
Sniper Invisibles Silent Deadly (Move Compatible)
Sniper Elite V2
Silent Hill Downpour
Start The Party! Save The World (Move Required)
Sonic Generations
Soul Calibur V
Street Fighter x Tekken
Supremacy MMA
Summer Star 2012
Tekken Hybrid
Tiger Wood 13
The Adventure Of Tintin (Move Compatible)
The Cursed Crusade
The Elder Scrolls V Skyrim
The Idol Master 2 JPN
Tacchi Shiyo Love Application JPN
Top Gun Hard Rock
Tom Clancy Ghost Recon Future Soldier (Move Compatible)
Tales Of Graces F
Thor the God of Thunder
Twisted Metal
Ultimate Marvel vs. Capcom 3
Under Defeat HD JPN
Warhammer 40000:SpaceMarine
Warriors Orochi 3
White Knight Chronicles 2
Yakuza Dead Souls
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PS3 JB2 V355 Compatible Game List


text:
Bells has 3 schools. Some of the best schools in Bells are Bells High School with a GreatSchools rating of 8/10 and a parent rating of 5/5 stars, and Bells Elementary School with a GreatSchools rating of 8/10 and a parent rating of 3/5 stars. The average GreatSchools rating for Bells public schools is 8/10, with an average student/teacher ratio of 12:1.
School data provided by National Center for Education Statistics, Maponics, and GreatSchools. Intended for reference only. GreatSchools Ratings compare a schools test performance to statewide results. To verify enrollment eligibility, contact the school or district directly.
Property is in demand due to reduced inventory, as there are more potential buyers than sellers. Bidding wars with other buyers are possible, and listings begin to sell at greater than the asking price.
Not enough data to determine market type. Consult a local REALTOR® for up-to-date market summaries
Trend data coming soon.
Trend data coming soon.
|For Sale: 20
|New: 1
|Recently Sold: 4
|Reduced: 5
|Average Home Price
|Average Sold Price
|Property Records: 901
|Foreclosed: N/A
The average home price in Bells is $207,222. The average home price per square foot in Bells is $89 and about 0% of all homes in Bells sold in the last 6 months. For Bells home values, real estate prices, and city market trends, research the 901 property records or search our 4 recently sold or 20 homes for sale listings. The listings and properties in Bells are only a part of the 7,493,079 properties and 131,138 homes for sale in Texas. Because of this, the average home price and average home value of Bells also influence the average home price $157,289 and average sale price $128,227 of Texas. Listing counts, Bells home prices and home values in Bells are sourced daily from listing and property data on realtor.com®, which is the most up-to-date and accurate aggregation of real estate listings in the industry and includes approximately 800 regional MLSs and is the official website of the National Association of Realtors®.
|Median Age
|Median Household Income


text:
2012-10-12 / Sports
Six-Under-Par Wins Weekly Scramble At Pine Woods Course
Results from the latest Pine Woods Golf Course scramble, held Wednesday, October 10, were as follows:
The full version of this story is only available to online subscribers.
© 2009-2015 Spencer Evening World, Inc.
No commercial reproduction without written consent.
Electronic reproduction of any kind forbidden without written consent.


text:
The National Academies | 500 Fifth St. N.W. | Washington, D.C. 20001
Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Terms of Use and Privacy Statement
Appendix A: Brief Overview of the Defense Acquisition System for Information Technology ."
Achieving Effective Acquisition of Information Technology in the Department of Defense . Washington, DC: The National Academies Press,
2010 .
Please select a format:


text:
Concept art for the completed Devastator has been discovered! Yay! The new transformers character is made out of 7 different construction vehicles, 100% made in America! I'm not sure how the 7 vehicles will actually come together (although I have some ideas) but it sure will be a pleasure seeing tax payer dollars hard at work.
Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen: Devastator Revealed!
1 Comment
Entertainment- News on February 12, 2009 at 8:21 pm
It's amazing! I'm a big fan of transformers. I'm confused how they were able to put them together!


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text:
How to execute a script when performance level changes?
Can the nvidia driver be configured to call a user definable script when
it changes the performance level?
For noise reduction, i purchased a case with a huge fan
Unfortunately, it seems that this fan is doing it's job way
"too good". Means: the card stays cool on the outside
so that the GPU fan doesn't ramp up. As a consequence,
the GPU gets so hot in the inside so that after a while of 3D
operation, the DVI outputs shut down (black screen). When then
switching to a text console and waiting for a while then the card
typically cools down and the output recovers.
When removing the big fan, then the GPU fan ramps up, providing
enough cooling, but then there is pretty much no noise reduction.
So my idea now is to program a fixed 35% PWM duty cycle
(with nvclock) when the system is in "Desktop Mode" and 100%
when in 3D Mode (since I'm using a head-set, the noise is less of
a problem while gaming) .
I guess the switch could be somehow detected by polling
GPUCurrentPerfLevel with nvidia-settings and setting the fan
speed accordingly. However, there are two issues: first polling
is not a nice mechanism. It would be better if the driver calls
a user-definable script whenever configurable states change.
The other problem for me is that GPUCurrentPerfLevel is always "2"
(highest) for me, no matter if there are any 3D applications running or not.
Any feedback is highly appreciated!
Re: How to execute a script when performance level changes?
Wouldn't it be enough to script a "launcher" for the game? So that switching between 35/100% modes is done when the game starts/exits.
Re: How to execute a script when performance level changes?
I was certainly thinking about this solution, too, but first of all, i would need to modify
all game launchers scripts and second, if you start two 3D applications and then
stopping one will reduce the fan speed while the other application is still running.
(means, fan speed and performance level would be inconsistent). I guess it would
be possible by some kind of persistent counter ( dc=(cnt!=0?) 100:35; ), but this just
make things even more complicate ...
So I think it would be by far more elegant if there would be some sort of
callback scripts for performance level changes.
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