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text:
The diffusion and reaction of the transmitter acetylcholine in neuromuscular junctions and the diffusion and binding of Ca2+ in the dyadic clefts of ventricular myocytes have been extensively modeled by Monte Carlo simulations and by finite-difference and finite-element solutions. However, an analytical solution that can serve as a benchmark for testing these numerical methods has been lacking.
Here we present an analytical solution to a model for the diffusion and reaction of acetylcholine in a neuromuscular junction and for the diffusion and binding of Ca2+ in a dyadic cleft. Our model is similar to those previously solved numerically and our results are also qualitatively similar.
The analytical solution provides a unique benchmark for testing numerical methods and potentially provides a new avenue for modeling biochemical transport.
1. Background
In intercellular and intracellular spaces, passive transport of biomolecules is a common phenomenon. Because such processes are difficult to probe directly by experiments, numerical modeling is increasingly used to gain insight. Two processes that have been extensively modeled are the diffusion and reaction of the transmitter acetylcholine in a neuromuscular junction [1-6] and the diffusion and binding of Ca2+ in the dyadic cleft of a ventricular myocyte [7,8]. In contrast to previous numerical approaches, here we present an analytical solution of a model for the diffusion and reaction of acetylcholine in a synaptic cleft (or Ca2+ in a dyadic cleft). Our model is similar to those previously solved numerically; hence our analytical solution potentially provides a new avenue for modeling biochemical transport. More importantly, an analytical solution provides a unique benchmark for testing numerical methods. Such a solution has been lacking up to now; the present work fills this gap.
Neuromuscular junction refers to the cleft between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber. As illustrated in Figure 1, the neuronal signal for muscle contraction is mediated by acetylcholine. These neurotransmitter molecules are initially inside vesicles located in the pre-synaptic axon terminal. When an action potential reaches the axon terminal, the vesicles release acetylcholine molecules into the synaptic cleft. These molecules then diffuse toward the post-synaptic membrane and bind to acetylcholine receptors in the membrane. Acetylcholine binding activates these ligand-gated ion channels, allowing Na+ to flow in and generating an action potential along the muscle fiber. Finally excess acetylcholine molecules around the post-synaptic membrane are broken down by acetylcholinesterase to prevent continued activation of acetylcholine receptors.
Figure 1. Illustration of a neuromuscular junction. Presented are the key players in the diffusion and reaction of the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine (ACh).
A related system is a dyadic cleft, which spans the gap between the cell membrane in a transverse tubule and the membrane of a sarcoplasmic reticulum. As Figure 2 illustrates, Ca2+ can enter the cell through L-type Ca2+ channels on the cell membrane in response to the arrival of an action potential. The ions then diffuse to reach and activate ryaonodine receptors in the membrane of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The activated ryaonodine receptors release Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, which ultimately lead to muscle contraction.
Figure 2. Illustration of a dyadic cleft. Presented are the key players in the diffusion and binding of Ca2+.
Here we propose a simple but not unrealistic model for the diffusion and reaction of acetylcholine in a neuromuscular junction. The model also applies to the diffusion and binding of Ca2+ in a dyadic cleft. We are able to find an analytical solution for this model. For convenience we describe our model in the language of neuromuscular junction. As shown in Figure 3, we model the synaptic cleft as the space between two infinite, parallel planar membranes. In the pre-synaptic membrane, there is a periodic array of circular openings, via which acetylcholine molecules enter the cleft. In the post-synaptic membrane, there is a periodic array of circular disks, where the acetylcholine molecules are absorbed. The quantity of interest is the total flux, J(t), at time t of acetylcholine molecules across the post-synaptic membrane. This model allows us to use periodic boundary conditions in the transverse direction. Our results are qualitatively similar to those obtained previously by numerical solutions [1-7]. More realistic ingredients can be added to our model and still permit analytical solutions.
Figure 3. Our model for both a neuromuscular junction and a dyadic cleft. Panel A: The pre-cleft membrane (top) contains a periodic array of disks for the influx of ligands; the post-cleft membrane (bottom) contains a periodic array of absorbing disks representing receptors. Panel B: The dimensions of a unit cell.
2. Methods
We set up a coordinate system such that the x and y axes are parallel to the pre- and post-synaptic membranes. The synaptic junction has depth Lz. The junction is periodic in the x and y directions, with periodicities of Lx and Ly, respectively. In each "unit cell", a synaptic vesicle bursts at time t = 0, releasing the neurotransmitters into the cleft. We model the release of the neurotransmitters as a transient flux, u(t), that is confined to a circular opening with radius R. We place the synaptic vesicle at the center of the pre-synaptic face of the unit cell. After diffusing to the post-synaptic membrane, neurotransmitters are absorbed by a circular disk in each unit cell, with radius a. We place this "sink" also at the center of the post-synaptic face of the unit cell. The exact shapes and locations of the pre-synaptic opening and the post-synaptic sink are not essential for the analytical solution of our model. The quantity of interest is the total flux, J(t), through the post-synaptic face of each unit cell.
We place the origin of the Cartesian coordinate system at the center of the pre-synaptic face, with the z axis pointing toward the post-synaptic face. The concentration of neurotransmitters at position r and at time t is C(r, t). Within the synaptic junction, it is governed by the diffusion equation,
where D is the diffusion constant. The initial condition is
The boundary condition at z = 0 is
where ρ = (x2 + y2)1/2 is the distance to the z axis. The boundary condition at z = Lz is
We solve the problem in Lapace space. For a function f(t) of t, we denote the Laplace transform as . The Laplace transform of Eq. (1), using the initial condition of Eq. (2), is
The solution appropriate for the periodic boundary conditions in the x and y directions has the form
The coefficients αlm(s) and βlm(s) are to be determined from boundary conditions.
To make use of the boundary condition of Eq. (3), we need the 2-dimensional cosine transform of a function in x and y that has value 1 when ρ < R and value 0 when ρ > R. The coefficient of the cos(2lπ/Lx)cos(2mπ/Ly) term is
where ε0 = 1/2 and εl = 1 for l > 0. For later reference, we note that the function having value 1 when ρ < a and value 0 when ρ > a has the following coefficients in its 2-dimensional cosine transform:
Applying the boundary condition of Eq. (3), we find
For the boundary condition of Eq. (4) at z = Lz, we use the constant-flux approximation [9]:
where the quantity Q(s) is to be determined by the condition
Equation (11) leads to
With Eqs. (10) and (13), we solve for coefficients αlm(s) and βlm(s). The results are
Inserting Eq. (6) in Eq. (12) and using Eqs. (14) and (9), we find Q(s) as
Finally the total flux through the sink on the post-synaptic face is
The flux accumulated over all times,
is of interest. In our model,
which is independent of a. Equation (17b) is simply a consequence of ligand conservation, i.e., the total number of ligands released from the synaptic vesicle is the same as the total number of ligands absorbed by the receptors.
The analytical solution derived above can be implemented on any function u(t) modeling neurotransmitter release from the synaptic vesicle. We focused on an exponentially decaying function:
Its Laplace transform is
Our model then contains two parameters related to time: D and t0. For two sets of these parameters, e.g., D1 and t01 in one and D2 and t02 in the other, it can be shown that the corresponding response functions satisfy
We now briefly describe the details of our implementation of the analytical solution. To calculate the qlm and plm coefficients of Eqs. (8) and (9), we first carried out the integration over y analytically. The remaining integration over x was done numerically using the Gauss-Legendre quadrature with two points. The summations over l and m in Eq. (15) were truncated at l = m = 40. The Laplace transform of was inverted by the Stehfest algorithm [10]. A Fortran90 code for the implementation is available upon request.
3. Results
We now present some illustrative results. The parameters of our model are as follows: Lx = Ly = 500 nm; Lz = 50 nm; R = 20 nm; a varied from 2.5 to 40 nm; t0 varied from 1 to 10 ms; and D varied in (0.4-4) × 105 nm2/ms.
Our single absorbing disk is used to model ligand binding to multiple receptors. Increasing a thus mimics an increasing number, Nrec, of receptors per unit cell. We expect a to increase linearly with increasing Nrec when Nrec is small; the increase in a then slows down at higher Nrec (see Discussion). Figure 4 displays the dependence of the response function J(t) on a (and hence Nrec). As a (i.e., Nrec) increases, J(t) more and more quickly reaches a higher and higher maximum and decays faster and faster. This is the expected behavior. Moreover, according to Eqs. (17b) and (18b), the areas under the curves for different a values are all equal to πR2t0. Note also that all our J(t) curves have the familiar shape seen in previously numerical studies [1-7].
Figure 4. Effect of the size of the absorbing disk on the response function. The values of a in nm are shown in the figure. For all curves, t0 = 1 ms and D = 105 nm2/ms.
Figure 5 shows the change in the response function when the speed at which the neurotransmitters are released into the synaptic cleft is varied. To make a fair comparison, J(t) is scaled by t0 so that, effectively, the total number of neurotransmitters entering the synaptic cleft is fixed. It is clear that, as t0 increases (i.e., as the speed of neurotransmitter release decreases), the response function rises and decays more slowly. This behavior has previously been specifically modeled by Stiles et al. [1].
Figure 5. Effect of the speed of ligand release on the response function. Scaling of J(t) by t0 is to ensure that the same number of neurotransmitters is released for all the curves with different t0 values, which are shown in the figure in ms. a = 10 nm and D = 2 × 105 nm2/ms.
There is some uncertainty on the diffusion constant of acetylcholine in neuromuscular junctions. In previous models [1-6], the value of D ranged from (0.25-6) × 105 nm2/ms. In Figure 6 we display the change in the response function when D is varied from (0.4-4) × 105 nm2/ms. As expected, when neurotransmitter diffusion slows down, the response function is also delayed. In our model, decreasing D has the same effect on the response function as increasing t0 [see Eq. (19)].
Figure 6. Effect of the ligand diffusion constant on the response function. The values of D in 105 nm2/ms are shown in the figure. For all curves, a = 10 nm and t0 = 1 ms.
4. Discussion and Conclusion
We have presented an analytical solution to a model for the diffusion and reaction of acetylcholine in a neuromuscular junction. The model also applies to the diffusion and binding of Ca2+ in a dyadic cleft. Our results are qualitatively similar to those obtained previously from models solved numerically [1-7].
Perhaps the greatest value of our analytical solution is that it provides a benchmark for testing numerical methods. Diffusion and reaction of ligands in intercellular and intracellular spaces have been modeled either on a particle description or a concentration description. The former type of models have been solved by Monte Carlo simulations [1,7], while the latter type of models have been solved by either finite-difference [2,6] or finite-element [3-5] methods. The two types of models have been shown to give equivalent results [8]. The level of realism of our model approaches those of the models solved numerically; hence our analytical solution will be able to serve as a good benchmark for the numerical methods.
Our model has room for increasing the level of realism and still allows for analytical solution. For example, we modeled ligand binding to receptors as absorbing. The binding can be modeled as partially absorbing if binding does not occur at every ligand-receptor encounter. The partial absorption condition takes the form
where the reactivity κ controls the degree of partial absorption. When κ = 0, the region ρ < a becomes reflecting and binding cannot occur. When κ → ∞, the region ρ < a becomes fully absorbing and Eq. (20) reduces to the absorbing condition of Eq. (4a). Note that the bimolecular rate constant k for binding to the partially absorbing disk is given by [11]
One can thus parameterize a and κ by matching k with experimental data for the ligand-receptor binding rate constant.
Another simplification of our model is that a single absorbing disk is used to represent the receptors. We accounted for the presence of multiple receptors per unit cell by increasing the radius a of this disk. One can identify a by requiring that the bimolecular rate constant k calculated for the single absorbing disk is the same as that for the Nrec receptors. For the single absorbing disk we have k = 4Da [see Eq. (21)]. If each of the Nrec receptors is modeled as an absorbing disk with a small radius a0, then k ≈ 4NrecDa0 when Nrec is small [12]. Therefore a ≈ Nreca0 for small Nrec. As Nrec increases, the rate constant k for the multiple receptors and correspondingly the radius a of the equivalent disk also increase, but the increase slows down as Nrec becomes large [12,13]. Instead of using a single equivalent absorbing disk, analytical solution is actually still permitted when multiple receptors, each represented by a (partially) absorbing small disk, are present at arbitrary positions on the post-synaptic face. An alternative way to model the presence of multiple receptors is to assume that the whole post-synaptic face is partially absorbing, with an reactivity given by [12,13]
where S = LxLy is the area of the post-synaptic face, frec = Nrecπa02/S is the fraction of the post-synaptic face that is covered by the receptors, and k0 is given by
We have modeled ligand-receptor binding as irreversible. This is somewhat justified for modeling the neuromuscular junction, in which acetylcholinesterase can break down acetylcholine molecules newly released from the receptors. No such mechanism is present for Ca2+ in the dyadic cleft. Reversible binding can be treated by appropriate boundary conditions [14] on the post-synaptic face. Another important detail is that both acetylcholine and ryanodine receptors have multiple binding sites for their ligands so that there are multiple ligand-occupation states for the receptors. Again, these can be treated by appropriate boundary conditions.
The geometries of some of the models previously solved numerically are more sophisticated than that of our model. In particular, secondary folds of the neuromuscular junction has been included in some of the previous models [1,3-5]. A formalism for treating ligand binding to a site buried in a narrow tunnel has been developed [15] and may be adopted for treating the narrow secondary folds in the neuromuscular junction. However, analytical solution requires idealized geometries; the kind of realistic geometries drawn from electron microscopy that can be handled by a finite-element method [4,5] is beyond the reach of analytical solution. Nevertheless, with all the new ingredients outlined above, analytical solution will potentially provide a new avenue for modeling biochemical transport.
Authors' contributions
JLB implemented the analytical solution, did the calculations, and prepared the figures. HXZ derived the analytical solution and wrote the paper. Both authors read and approved the final manuscript.
This work was supported in part by Grant GM58187 from the National Institutes of Health.
Stiles JR, Van Helden D, Bartol TM Jr, Salpeter EE, Salpeter MM: Miniature endplate current rise times less than 100 microseconds from improved dual recordings can be modeled with passive acetylcholine diffusion from a synaptic vesicle.
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subset: commoncrawl


text: ESPN1420/YouTube [ Cajun DT Justin Hamilton Talks Arkansas State [Video] By Scott Prather October 20, 2014 Louisiana Ragin' Cajun defensive lineman Justin Hamilton discusses where the defense has improved, putting a 1-3 start behind them, Christian Ringo's TD & more. Read More|Comment Category: Local Sports, Video Tags: justin hamilton, louisiana's ragin' cajuns Send to a friend! Share on Facebook Share on Twitter


text: [GUIDE] How to install the "unofficial" 2.2 Froyo Build on your T-Mobile Vibrant Jason Bowdach 9 November, 2010 42 Comments Like the rest of the T-Mobile Vibrant owners out there, I find myself getting quite impatient as I hear rumor after rumor about Android 2.2 Froyo for the Samsung Galaxy S family of devices. Samsung has made numerous promises to Galaxy S users worldwide that everyone will have 2.2 Froyo before the end of the year, but with the release of Android 2.3 Gingerbread right around the corner, it's hard not to feel a little put off by the delays. Now, we all have heard why releasing Android 2.2 for the Galaxy S is a significantly more complicated affair than it was for the Nexus One, as Samsung needs to update their TouchWiz UI with the new AOSP code and T-Mobile need to integrate their bundled software (aka "bloatware") on top of that, which tends to take some time. With that being said, Eugene363, one of my favorite developers for the Vibrant, was able to get his hands on an "unofficial" leak of Android 2.2 Froyo for the T-Mobile Vibrant from an "anonymous" source. Now, this isn't the "hacked together" 2.2 (previously known as "Macnut" R8 and below ) that Eugene was working on before, this is the real TouchWiz-infused Android 2.2 with everything working (WiFi, Bluetooth, WiFi Calling (iffy, in my experience), JIT, GPS, Data, etc). I've been playing around with the build for a few hours, and it's certainly an improvement over the stock JFD & JI6 builds. In my opinion, its faster, looks cleaner (Samsung took sometime to make TouchWiz less ugly), and fixes a lot of issues I had with Samsung's previous releases. However, I must emphasis that this is an "UNOFFICIAL LEAK" that may or may not have issues, and is not the final T-Mobile OTA that we hope will be released soon. A great example of that fact is evident when you go into MobileAP in Settings, where it says to contact AT&T for tethering support, I'll pass. Please backup your apps, data, and anything else you wish to keep secure OFF your phone and onto a PC, just in case. WARNING!!! THIS WILL WIPE ANY DATA ON YOUR DEVICE, IT WILL REPLACE YOUR BASEBAND, KERNEL, RECOVERY AND OS. YOU ARE CHOOSING TO INSTALL THIS MODIFICATION AT YOUR OWN RISK! PLEASE READ THROUGH THE INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY BEFORE ATTEMPTING TO FLASH YOUR DEVICE. DO NOT INSTALL THIS UPDATE ON ANY OTHER DEVICE, SUCH AS THE OTHER GALAXY S VARIANTS (Captivate, Fascinate, Epic, i9000). DOWNLOADS: ODIN application – Download Eugene's "unofficial" 2.2 Vibrant JK2 Package– Download USB Drivers from the Samsung Galaxy S – 32 Bit Windows Download \ 64 Bit Windows Download Note: Samsung's software package ODIN is only available on the Windows platform, sorry Linux and Mac users. You can always make a Virtual PC using one of the many Virtual Machines applications. INSTRUCTIONS: 1.Your Device must be in DOWNLOAD mode to use ODIN. 2.Get your phone into DOWNLOAD mode by turning off your phone and plugging it in. Wait for the green charging screen. Hold Volume Up, Volume down, and Power. Let go of power as soon as the screen goes black. A yellow digging Android should be on the screen. This may take a few tries to get it right, try not to get frustrated Just pull the battery, and try again.(Alternate Method if you have ADB access : use the command 'adb reboot download'). 3. Launch ODIN, then disconnect/reconnect your phone via USB. It should then say a COM port right under top-right box. (Issues detecting your device on a COM port? Try connecting your phone before starting ODIN, and don't do the disconnect\reconnect. It's a finicky application.) 4.In ODIN, load each file with its corresponding field..PIT,PDA,CSC etc. (In this case, we just use the PDA and 512 PIT). 5.Don't check anything else, the other two boxes should be checked by default (Auto Reboot and Reset Time) 6.Hit "start." Be patient! NOTE: COM3 worked fine for me. COM should not matter as long as you are using the correct drivers. 7. Enjoy your Vibrant with Android 2.2 with TouchWiz and all its goodies, such as market-upgradeable Gmail & YouTube, JIT, a much more visually pleasing UI, among other things. Reverting to ANY 2.1 Eclair Builds (Flashing a 2.1 ROM or nandroid back to 2.1): 1. Android 2.2 uses an entirely new kernel that is incompatible with any previous Eclair kernels, whether custom or stock. You MUST flash a 2.1 compatible kernel or a build that includes a 2.1-compatible kernel prior to restoring a nandroid back-up, as nandroid does not restore the kernel. Almost all of the third-party kernels are build from 2.1 source, as the 2.2 source has yet to be officially released. Thanks to everyone who is dedicating their time to develop for the Galaxy-S and its numerous variants, especially Eugene363, SuperCurio, Barak, Sombionix & #TeamWhiskey, JAC, and of course the "anonymous" source of this leak. XDA-Developers: Link Me is there a way to install froyo for bell mobility? http://twitter.com/Jbowdach Jason Bowdach Not yet, this is ONLY compatible with the T-Mobile Vibrant, not the Bell Vibrant Me is there a way to install froyo for bell mobility? Anonymous I tried the Bionix version, and it was neat, but not for me. I'm hoping for some serious performance improvements in the official release. I was expecting vastly higher Quadrant and Linpack scores. But then again, the results match up with those from the Galaxy Tab, so maybe FroYo won't be as serious a speed boost to the Galaxy S line compared to other devices. http://twitter.com/Jbowdach Jason Bowdach The speed boost is actually quite significant, but LinPack and Quadrant wont show much improvement. Those are both synthetic benchmarks that don't reflect real-world performance. The CPU score is improved, but not substantially like the N1 because Google & HTC heavily optimized the neon instruction set, which is unique to the snapdragon. However, this doesn't mean our Hummingbird CPU is any slower then a snapdragon, it just "tests" slower because it doesnt have those optimizations (which is why Linpack scores for SG-S will be ~13 mflops vs ~45 mflops that snapdragon-based devices are getting). Hope that helps! Anonymous Just wait till Team Whiskey, Eugene, or JAC (where have you been?) gets their hands on the 2.2 kernel source. it will be optimized and scores should improve. Anonymous Just wait till Team Whiskey, Eugene, or JAC (where have you been?) gets their hands on the 2.2 kernel source. it will be optimized and scores should improve. Anonymous I tried the Bionix version, and it was neat, but not for me. I'm hoping for some serious performance improvements in the official release. I was expecting vastly higher Quadrant and Linpack scores. But then again, the results match up with those from the Galaxy Tab, so maybe FroYo won't be as serious a speed boost to the Galaxy S line compared to other devices. Anonymous And BTW, the Galaxy Tab is without question, hands-down the best device T-Mo has ever sold. Its frikkin' incredible. http://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=546248687 Matt Hankins Build is great all except for MMS messages. Received MMS messages are blurry but the community is working on these issues as we speak! http://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=546248687 Matt Hankins Build is great all except for MMS messages. Received MMS messages are blurry but the community is working on these issues as we speak! http://androidspin.com/ Stormy Beach Very very cool. I was watching this one too. Wasn't sure how it would all go. Good look Jason. I may just have to get my hands dirty and try this whole ODIN thing I keep hearing about. Popeajeremiah works great, never done it before, followed your guide only. Anonymous I've been running a similar ROM, AOSP jk2 1.1 by Anderdroid, and its amazing. i personally see a major speed boost in 2.2 compared to any 2.1 rom (jfd, ji2, ji6) and it looks so much smoother. I have had no bugs. When not using ODIN just make sure to wipe cache and dalvik before flashing as it seems to make things smoother. Georgi Ok, I did as described but I only get form odin Enter CS for MD5, Leave CS. What should I do. I have no OS on my phone now. http://twitter.com/Jbowdach Jason Bowdach Like I mentioned, ODIN is very finicky. Pull your battery, and use my instructions above to get back into download mode, and try again. If it continues to get stuck or errors out, make sure you have the drivers installed properly, or attempt to reinstall them. Its fairly common for it to get stuck at a certain point during the flash (unfortunately) but its usually very easy to get things back up and running. guest000 did you resolve it? Lexusone44 did you get it to work having the same problem? Aaron Should I unroot my Vibrant before flashing, does it matter? Also, is there any other information I should be aware of before I initiate this process? Thanks http://twitter.com/Jbowdach Jason Bowdach No need to unroot, ODIN replaces everything on on your device. Maysal1 I just did it and so far is working great, Thank you, Aaron Waiting for Odin to finished, but just wondering how long it took everyone. Btw, I used the pit located in the Eugene's pack (20100512) not the one in Odin (20100513). Is that ok? http://twitter.com/Jbowdach Jason Bowdach Correct, you are supposed to use the 512 pit, The 513 is NOT for us. The whole process of flashing should only take a few minutes (5-10 min). However, it is prone to freezes and crashes. If it does, pull the battery (IF YOU ARE SURE ITS FROZEN), get into DOWNLOAD mode again by following the instructions, and try again. Pharoadon Hi Jason. The process has already frozen several times for me. Should I just keep trying or are there other steps I should take? http://twitter.com/Jbowdach Jason Bowdach So sorry guys! I didnt realize that the ODIN.rar had a pit file in it (the wrong one too). Please make sure to use the 512 pit that's packaged with Eugene's Image. The 513 pit is NOT for our device. Aaron Hey Jason, I redid the whole process again – since the first time my phone froze and left me without OS, and this time it only took 2mins. Just checking out 2.2 and it is SIGNIFICANTLY faster. Thank you so much!! Go Android!! Go Great developers who make android awesomeness possible!! Tru2lyfe81 i seem to be having problem it keeps getting stuck at bootpin .??? can someone help Tru2lyfe81 i seem to having issues i get stuck at bootpin. in the message box and now have no os ????? Asanchez1005 that happened to me too, but all i did was reinstall the samsung rivers before pluggin in the phone in download mode then redid the entire process and in about 3mins had froyo up and running. hope this works, and don't freak out! Asanchez1005 has anyone had problems connecting to a wifi network after flashing your vibrant into 2.2? BogdanDumitru hy Guys, thank you…i update both my Galaxy S with this and work perfectly …bravoooo Ryadikto10 so have you fixed the problem with the files?? Ryadikto10 so have you fixed the problem with the files?? Myta2010 Having a hard time getting my Samsung Galaxy into Download mode. I tried holding vol up/down and power at same time, and the device continues to reboot? Anonymous I got it into download mode, and installed the pit and pda (froyo) files. It has been in that mode for about 45min. How long should this take, if it doesnt work, how do i restore it to the original TMO build? fluster Followed all the steps and currently it's still showing the downloading screen. How long should it takes? I repeat couple times already and getting the same result. Nognog76 should i be seeing something in the message box if it's working? all i see is this: Added! Odin v.3 engine(ID:4).. File analysis.. All threads completed. (succeed 0/failed 0) fluster I see the same thing http://www.facebook.com/abi575 Avi Ud . It didnt take more than 5 min. This is awesome.!!!!! I can use skype too…made mi fone even faster And the best part is "wireless Tether".!!! Thankx a ton fo sharing http://www.facebook.com/kurtoh69 Kurt Quintanilla i canot get to lauch Odin.. Help orion how long is this supposed to take?


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Media Alerts
Covidien Visits the NYSE to Celebrate Launch of HOPE Program to Raise Obesity Awareness, Promote Weight Management among Retired Professional Football Players
Chris Barry, President of Advanced Surgical Technologies, Covidien to Ring The Closing Bell® at the NYSE
For Release: 29 Jan 13
Executives and guests of
(NYSE: COV) will visit the New York Stock Exchange to celebrate the launch of the HOPE (Heart, Obesity, Prevention & Education) Program for former National Football League (NFL) players.
The HOPE Program is a comprehensive obesity research initiative designed to promote healthy lifestyles and weight-management among former professional football players. These former players, when compared to smaller-sized men, are more likely to have cardiovascular problems and other health issues associated with being overweight.
Covidien is dedicated to the wellness and education of patients along the continuum of care, from discovery to treatment, to drive the resolution of medical conditions that accompany obesity. Research indicates that men, who represent a growing portion of the obese population, are reluctant to seek help for weight concerns and are underrepresented in obesity and weight-loss research. This collaboration hopes to raise awareness of obesity treatment options and create higher patient acceptance and adoption of bariatric surgery.
As part of the HOPE Program, former NFL players in certain areas are invited to undergo a comprehensive health screening performed by physicians associated with a local hospital and the Living Heart Foundation, a non-profit organization dedicated to promoting health services to specific groups that have been traditionally overlooked – including high school, college and professional athletes, as well as underserved populations.
The initial consultation assesses baseline weight and overall cardiovascular health, and includes testing for many of the conditions associated with being overweight and obese, including type 2 diabetes. Participants are asked to track their food intake, exercise and weight-loss during the 6-month program. Participants attend 18 group sessions that focus on skills and strategies for successful weight management. At the conclusion of the study, players who do not reach their target health and weight-loss goals will be counseled on potentially pursuing additional medical treatments, including bariatric surgery.
The first HOPE Program screenings occurred in October 2012 at Temple University Hospital under the leadership of Gary Foster, PhD, Director of the Center for Obesity Research and Education at Temple University School of Medicine.
To mark the official launch of the program,
Chris Barry, President of Advanced Surgical Technologies, Covidien
will ring the NYSE Closing Bell on January 31. He will be joined by Dr. Foster; Henry Buchwald, M.D.; Greg Murphy, former NFL player and HOPE participant; Corey Louchiey, President of New York/New Jersey chapter of the NFL Players Association; and other Covidien employees.
About Covidien (NYSE: COV)
Covidien is a leading global healthcare products company that creates innovative medical solutions for better patient outcomes and delivers value through clinical leadership and excellence. Covidien manufactures, distributes and services a diverse range of industry-leading product lines in three segments: Medical Devices, Pharmaceuticals and Medical Supplies. With 2012 revenue of $11.9 billion, Covidien has 43,000 employees worldwide in 70 countries, and its products are sold in over 140 countries. Please visit
to learn more about our business.
Thursday, January 31, 2013
NYSE Security Checkpoint/Tent at corner of Exchange Place and Broad Street
3:30 p.m. Media escorted into the building for bell ringing
4:00 p.m. The Closing Bell rings
Media interested in covering the bell ringing MUST contact
Annmarie Gioia at 212.656.5437 or
Photos available via Associated Press/New York (212.621.1902), Reuters America (646.223.6285), Getty Images (646.613.4141), Bloomberg Photo (212.617.3420), European Press Agency (917.670.1323), and Insider Images. The Closing Bell (starting at 3:55 p.m.) feed is available via Encompass loop #4009. Media seeking footage via The Switch should contact NYSE Broadcast at 212.656.5483.
For photos and video of the bell ringing, connect with NYSE Euronext on Facebook (NYSE Euronext), YouTube (nysetv1), and Twitter (@NYSEEuronext), #NYSEBell.


text:
Haddock Fillets Au Gratin
|1 1⁄2 Pound (700 Gram, In 4 Fillets)
|1 Ounce (25 Gram)
|45 Milliliter (3 Level Tablespoon)
|1⁄4 Pint (150 Milliliter)
|Made mustard
|5 Milliliter (1 Level Teaspoon)
|Aged cheese
|4 Ounce, grated (100 Gram, Mature)
|To Taste
|To Taste
Put the trivet in the pressure cooker and pour in 150 ml (1/4 pint) water.
Fold the fillets of fish, skin side inside, in half and put them on the trivet.
Sprinkle with salt and pepper.
Put on the lid and bring to high (15 lb) pressure.
Cook for 4 minutes.
Reduce pressure quickly.
Carefully remove the fillets and put them in a flameproof flat dish; keep hot.
Strain off the liquid from the cooker and reserve.
Melt the fat in a pan, stir in the flour and cook for a few minutes.
Remove the pan from the heat, stir in the milk, then stir in the hot fish liquid.
Return the pan to the heat, stirring until the sauce thickens and boils.
Add the seasonings and three quarters of the cheese; mix well.
Pour the sauce over the fish, sprinkle with the remaining cheese and brown under a hot grill.


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By attempting to shoehorn an affordable 13-inch laptop-tablet into a crowded market, the Toshiba Satellite Click ends up as a compromised, underperforming mess.
Smart Flowerpot reveals your green thumbs
This modular smart garden from Click & Grow promises to bring expandable vegetable gardening to any indoor environment.
New two-in-one hybrids offer 13-inch screens and slim designs for under $600 or more than $1,000.
Some people are complaining because they can no longer share music to their iOS devices, while others say the iCloud Music Library is making a mess of their local iTunes library.
Former NASA administrator Sean O'Keefe thanks Tom Cruise for his "blinding flash of the obvious."
When in doubt, push harder. At least, that's the approach Apple wants you to take with its new Force Touch trackpad.
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Run a quick script, get the missing icon.
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Gear Review
Kevin Brown
Pros and Cons
I think this stove is rad. It is light and easy. The fact that it fits in the optimus pots along with a fuel canister is a huge bonus. Another big bro with this specific burner is that it has a nice spread on the flame.
My single complaint with this pot is the fact that it is lacking an ignition meaning you have to carry matches or a lighter to use it. I realize this is something you probably bring already, but it is a huge bonus when you can light it up with the push of a built in button. The ignition would have led me to give this product five stars
View More Details on Optimus Crux Lite Stove


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Outside party
Question Posted Tuesday June 20 2006, 9:06 pm
What are some things outside with water I could do with about 18 girls...I've already thought of a water balloon fight and other ideas?? Try to keep the ideas inexpensive. Thanks WILL RATE
Answer this question
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answered Thursday June 22 2006, 5:23 pm:
Ever thought of a pool party? Um, you could also do the following.
Watergun fight, (kind of childish but hey, it's water)
Bucket brigade. What you do is fill buckets with water and try to have a three leged race while holding it on your hand. The person to drop it is the loser.
there's also the pail of wisdom. You can use a pot for this, but what you do is, someone gives you a pot full of water. You know, a pot to everyone on one side of a field or something. When the person shouts go, you have to hold the pot by the handle and run as fast as you can to your partner across the field. They take the pot and run back. Whoever spills the most water is the loser. But here's the fun about it.
If you're able to swap the pot four times, then your third partner gets to get a shower.
ask-it-here's advice column
Ask ask-it-here A Question
answered Wednesday June 21 2006, 3:46 pm:
i had an outside party, these are the things we did [sorry if some of them don't involve water]
*we had waterguns
*truth or dare
*water balloon volleyball! [just use water balloons instead of a volleyball]
*wet twister [just wet the twister board]
i know it isn't a lot, but i hope i helped!!! = ]]]
mmmmmmm's advice column
Ask mmmmmmm A Question
answered Wednesday June 21 2006, 12:11 am:
Theres so much to do.
Take Styrophone (sp) cups and put water in them. put them in the freezer then at the party break the styrophone off the cups so you have a ice cup kinda thing. HAve everyone pick a partner and each team gets a icecup and they have to throw it back and forth when the ice hits the ground that team is out. And the last team with the icesup is winner.
You can buy a slip n slide or a medium size pool and you guys a can chill or do what ever.
run a bunch of sprinkelers (sp) && play some game sin the water. (soccer, football, volleyball, etc...)
Buy some Water guns. ( they dont have to be big ones.)
Have some relay races. They have small balls that are meant for water that you can get and play with.)
Thats all i can really think of. If i think of more ill add.
babiigirl's advice column
Ask babiigirl A Question
answered Tuesday June 20 2006, 11:55 pm:
ge a slip "n" slide those are always fun and not to expensive me and my frieends put slippery things on us to go faster maybe u could by the racing slip n slide and have a raceing championship?h/i/h
ANP's advice column
Ask ANP A Question
answered Tuesday June 20 2006, 10:48 pm:
Have fun with ice: Have an ice race by placing ice cubes on a sunny porch or sidewalk and see which cube melts first.
Buy washable body paint and go wild, with a hose nearby.
Sprinklers are worth having simply to run through. Spray the trees and create a dripping forest.
Practice doing sprints through a sprinkler.
Play volleyball or badminton over a sprinkler.
Create miniature streams and ponds in the backyard with water and rocks.
Buy a slip-n-slide or create your own. (To make your own slip and slide, all you need is 100 feet of plastic tarp from lowes, a bottle of soap, and water!)
kristen22's advice column
Ask kristen22 A Question
answered Tuesday June 20 2006, 10:45 pm:
[Link](Mouse over link to see full location)
you could also try google. hope i helped =)
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This is KTLA anchor Rebecca Hall delivering a report on the news we told you earlier this morning - Dodgers announcer Vin Scully returning for his 64th season in the booth. Hall's report is stellar for the first 18 seconds as she's able to rapidly list off several of the major events in Scully's Dodgers career in impressive fashion. At around the 19 second mark, things go horribly, horribly wrong. Her walk off line is "C'mon Vin, get your **** together!"
Great Odin's raven! Rebecca Hall will read anything that is put on that teleprompter, even if it's jokingly telling an 84 year old Hall of Famer to get his... uhhh... stuff together.
(H/T Paul Pabst)
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Home / Store / Journals / Electronic Articles / Fusion Science and Technology / Volume 59 / Number 1T
Hideyuki Kondou et al.
Fusion Science and Technology
Volume 59 / Number 1T / January 2011 / Pages 235-237
Format:electronic copy (download)
In the GAMMA 10 central ECRH experiments, the electron heating estimated from the soft X-ray (SX) measurement was observed with any X-mode ratio. As increasing X-mode ratio from 0% to 100%, the SX power signal increased from about 2 times to about 3 times. And the Diamagnetic signal at the central cell (DMCC) increase is the maximum (+5%) with 100% X-mode. That is, 100% X-mode is the appropriate injecting polarization as expected. The DMCC decrease was observed except with 100% X-mode though electron heating was observed. And as decreasing X-mode ratio, the peak intensity of SX radial profile shifted from the center to the South and the asymmetric electron heating was observed. And as decreasing X-mode ratio, the peripheral ion loss seems to increase.
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Both our 2014 and 2013 portfolios showed good gains when we carried out our usual review on Wednesday; the other two lists were substantially unchanged.
Much of the credit for the good showing was down to another surge in the price of Scotland's Smart Metering Systems as fresh investors moved in following the group's recent takeover of a Welsh competitor. The shares feature in both of our two latest portfolios and have contributed a total of nearly £700 to total gains in 2014.
They have now risen 40% since the start of the year and we have again raised the stop/loss price at which we advise followers to sell the shares as a protection against any heavy future profit-taking.
A few other recommendations also pushed higher, including IMI, WPP, DCC, Kingfisher, Signet and Compass, although some of our more recent tips continued to disappoint, including engineers Ricardo and GKN, plus retailers Marks & Spencer and Dunelm.
We believe the shares remain undervalued but will evict them from our portfolios at the published stop/loss prices if there is no recovery,
Meantime, we decide to add one more share to our 2011 selections when Bank of Scotland owner Lloyds Banking Group suffered a markdown on Wednesday morning.
We believe the shares were unfairly punished for a disappointing trading update from rival Barclays and expect them to bounce back once terms are announced for the imminent flotation of the group's TSB operations.
Analysts expect TSB to be valued at £1.5 billion.


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30 year old man | Severn, MD, USA | Seeking women 22-31 within 20 miles
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I enjoy traveling abroad, playing sports, fitness, sci-fi movies, and so on. I'm an open book, so ask me anything. I'm looking for a woman who has a great smile and doesn't play games. Since I just sent you a message, it means I think you might be an awesome person. Let's have a conversation and find out if I'm right :)
Book club , Movies/Videos , Museums and art , Music and concerts , Exploring new areas , Nightclubs/Dancing , Performing arts , Playing cards , Playing sports , Political interests , Travel/Sightseeing , Video games , Volunteering , Watching sports
Aerobics, Baseball, Basketball, Billiards / Pool, Bowling, Dancing, Running, VolleyBall, Walking / Hiking, Weights / Machines
I exercise 3-4 times per week.
I don't believe in astrology
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Middle of the Road
The whole world. Japan was sublime. I'd love to go back to Australia someday.
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The Caine Mutiny, Paradise Lost, Watership Down, and Sophie's Choice are some of my favorites.
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"The amount of optical signal you get usually depends on the thickness of a sample," McDevitt said. "Water, for example, looks clear in a small glass, but is blue in an ocean or a lake. Most modern clinical devices read signals from samples in flat or curved surfaces, which is like trying to see the blue color of water in a glass. It's very difficult."
By comparison, PBNCs give the researchers an ocean of information. "We create an ultrahigh-surface-area microsponge that collects a large amount of material," he said. "The sponge is like a jellyfish with tentacles that capture the biomarkers."
The agarose bead is engineered to become invisible in water. "That makes it an ideal environment to capture biomarkers, because the matrix doesn't get in the way of visualizing the contents. This is a nice use of novel biomaterials that are cheap as dirt, yet yield powerful performance," McDevitt said.
According to previous studies, only a fraction -- less than 10 percent -- of capture antibodies in the "gold standard" ELISA arrays are still active by the time a test begins. By comparison, nearly all of the antibodies in the agarose beads retain their ability to detect and capture biomarkers, McDevitt said.
Ultimately, he said, PBNCs will enable rapid, cost-effective diagnostic tests for patients who are ailing, whether they're in an emergency room, in an ambulance or even while being treated in their own homes. Even better, the chips may someday allow for quick and easy testing of the healthy to look for early warning signs of disease.
|Contact: David Ruth
Rice University


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21 Easy Sewing Projects: DIY Designs and Sewing Craft Ideas
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Loose Tooth Pouch
By: Mariana Patrick for Crafty Guides
We are adding the craft to your Craft Projects.
The project was added to your Craft Projects.
Click here to view your Craft Projects.
Celebrate your child's first lost tooth by whipping up a quick tooth fairy bag! The loose tooth pouch from Crafty Guides is the perfect place to put the missing tooth, and when your child wakes up, there will be a special surprise inside!
- Felt
- Scissors
- Needle
- Embroidery thread
- Button
- Cut out a long (6-7") rectangular piece out of felt.
- On the top end, cut a triangular flap.
- Sew initial on opposite side of felt piece, before the next step.
- Cut a small slit on the center flap slightly smaller than the size of the button you will be using.
- Bring flap down to find the exact point for your button. Sew button on.
- Fold in half by bringing the bottom edge to the starting point of the flap.
- Sew around side openings and bottom edge.
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skg 9503405
Mar 18, 2012
I agree with Artfulannie. It is really easy & looks nice.
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Mar 18, 2012
Great idea, i would add things, or change colours etc, to suit the child it was for....
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- Easy Patriotic Rag Wreath
- Ultimate Plaid Home Decor Assortment


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Originally written on Fox Sports | Last updated 11/13/11
Defensemen Alex Martinez and Matt Greene scored on the front and back ends of a four-goal second period, Colin Fraser added a goal, and the Los Angeles Kings breezed to a 5-2 victory over the Minnesota Wild on Saturday night in Terry Murray's 1,000th regular-season game as an NHL coach. Twelve Kings got on the score sheet. Simon Gagne had a goal and an assist, captain Dustin Brown also scored, and Justin Williams had two assists. Jonathan Quick made 24 saves for the win after losing his previous six starts. His teammates staked him to a 5-0 lead through two periods against a team that had won five of six and allowed an average of 1.56 goals over 14 games. Josh Harding gave up four goals on 21 shots and was pulled by rookie coach Mike Yeo at 11:44 of the second period. Cal Clutterbuck and Darroll Powe scored for the Wild, who have averaged 2.3 goals through their first 16 games. Harding had won his previous four starts, allowing just three goals on 129 shots. The Wild played wit...
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May 09, 2014
Excellent value and did the job for my sons frost bite camp!
Excellent warm sleeping bag, highly recommend
January 23, 2014
I expect and hope it will work perfectly for my mount elbrus climb
January 20, 2014
Son is pleased with it. he never said anything about the size.
January 18, 2014
Good allrounder bag!
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Here's a site that lets you check to see if you've been compromised by Heartbleed
Wednesday, April 09, 2014
This week, a vulnerability in the OpenSSL protocol called "Heartbleed" was discovered. If none of the words you just read make any sense, here's a good explainer about how 2/3 of the internet was exposed to this security vulnerability. Worried that a website you use regularly was vulnerable? This site can help.
The Best, Most Inaccurate Twitter Pic Account Around
Wednesday, April 09, 2014
A few weeks ago, we did a TLDR episode about the general inaccuracy of those "amazing pics" accounts, which frequently post photoshopped, poorly sourced, unattributed photos.
The Greatest Video Game You May Never Play
Tuesday, April 08, 2014
Back in 2012, a small browser game came out that reminded us of the limitless possibilities of a video game, and no one knew about it. The game was called Frog Fractions, and it was made by the independent game development studio, Twinbeard, and its sole employee, Jim Crawford.
Not All Video Games Cause Aggressive Behavior. Just the Really Crappy Ones.
Tuesday, April 08, 2014
Well if someone had just asked me, I could have told them that - a study has found that video games with frustrating and counter-intuitive controls are more likely to cause aggressive behavior.
The #1 Android App is a Complete and Total Scam
Monday, April 07, 2014
Until yesterday, the #1 app for Android in the Google Play store was called Virus Shield. As Android is a platform known for security vulnerabilities, Virus Shield promised a one-button solution for protecting your device. There's just one problem. It appears to be a complete and total scam.
Way to Ruin President Selfies, David Ortiz
Monday, April 07, 2014
Last week, Red Sox designated hitter David Ortiz took a selfie with President Obama that, unbeknownst to The President, was orchestrated by Samsung to promote the Galaxy Note 3 cellphone. Turns out The White House isn't super happy about that.
What an honor! Thanks for the #selfie, @BarackObama pic.twitter.com/y5Ww74sEID
— David Ortiz (@davidortiz) April 1, 2014
You can now use emojis to search Yelp
Friday, April 04, 2014
Business review site Yelp has added an update to its mobile app allowing users to search with emojis.
If Daily Mail readers wrote the headlines
Friday, April 04, 2014
Web designer Richard Westenra has created an ingenious browser plugin that swaps out the headlines from the British tabloid The Daily Mail with user comments about them.
#20 - Silence
Thursday, April 03, 2014
Update: Vulfpeck received an email from Spotify asking the band to remove "Sleepify" from Spotify. See our update here.
A band called Vulfpeck has asked fans to stream an entire album of silence on Spotify while they sleep, so the band can use the royalties to tour without charging for their shows. So far, the scheme has worked. We talk to Vulfpeck's Jack Stratton about hustling as a musician on the internet.
Did OKCupid Help Oust Mozilla's CEO over his anti-gay marriage politics?
Thursday, April 03, 2014
The dating site asked its users to boycott Mozilla's web browser because of the Mozilla CEO's anti-gay-marriage politics. Now that CEO has stepped down.
The US built a Secret Twitter for Cuba, Beyonce is Falsely Accused of Using Selfies as Currency, and More
Thursday, April 03, 2014
Happy Thursday morning everyone. We're putting the finishing touches on this week's episode. We missed you last week and we're glad to be back. In the meantime, guess what we have for you?
Samsung Tricked The President Into a Taking a Product Placement Selfie
Wednesday, April 02, 2014
At a White House event, Red Sox player David Ortiz "spontaneously" whipped out his phone and took a selfie with Obama. Turns out, Samsung orchestrated the whole thing.
A Calculator To Tell You How Many Weeks (Or Months, Or Years) You've Spent Watching TV
Wednesday, April 02, 2014
Oh dear. A new online calculator will tell you how many weeks (or months, or years) you've lost to your favorite shows.
Let's All Just Sit This April Fools' Day Out
Tuesday, April 01, 2014
If you read anything today that strains credulity or activates your sense of wonder, you should try to find a second source for it.
A Candidate for European Parliament Is Running Her Campaign On Grindr
Monday, March 31, 2014
Irishwoman Phil Prendergrast wants to head the European Parliament's LGBT Intergroup. And she's making her case on the gay dating app whose users she's aiming to serve.
Why it's crazy to force google to censor Innocence of Muslims
Monday, March 31, 2014
An actress from the awful low budget movie that was partially responsible for the deaths of four American in Benghazi, is suing to get the movie off YouTube. She says it ruined her life. But this isn't Google's problem.
A Six (and a Half) Year Old Explains New Yorker Cartoons
Friday, March 28, 2014
New Yorker cartoons are weird. Sometimes they're funny in the traditional sense. Sometimes they're incomprehensible. Sometimes they're adjacent to funny - gestures towards this thing that is like humor but isn't quite humor.
Why a Large Part of the Internet Is Mad at Stephen Colbert
Friday, March 28, 2014
Can a joke about racism be racist? Explaining #CancelColbert.
Taco Bell's President Pretended He'd Never Heard of 4/20 On Reddit Today
Thursday, March 27, 2014
Here's your afternoon Moment of Zen.


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Press release from PR Newswire
The Home Depot Announces Third Quarter Results; Increases Quarterly Dividend by 16%; Updates Capital Allocation Principles and Lifts Fiscal Year 2011 Guidance
Tuesday, November 15, 2011
The Home Depot Announces Third Quarter Results; Increases Quarterly Dividend by 16%; Updates Capital Allocation Principles and Lifts Fiscal Year 2011 Guidance06:00 EST Tuesday, November 15, 2011ATLANTA, Nov. 15, 2011 /PRNewswire/ -- The Home Depot®, the world's largest home improvement retailer, today reported third quarter of fiscal 2011 net earnings of $934 million, or $0.60 per diluted share, compared with net earnings of $834 million, or $0.51 per diluted share, in the same period of fiscal 2010. For the third quarter of fiscal 2011, diluted earnings per share increased 17.6 percent from the prior year. (Logo: http://photos.prnewswire.com/prnh/20030502/HOMEDEPOTLOGO )Sales for the third quarter totaled $17.3 billion, a 4.4 percent increase from the third quarter of fiscal 2010. Comparable store sales for the third quarter of fiscal 2011 were positive 4.2 percent, and comp sales for U.S. stores were positive 3.8 percent."Our third quarter was driven by strength in our core categories and storm-related sales as well as strong operating performance," said Frank Blake, chairman & CEO. "We will continue to invest in our core initiatives to provide customers with exceptional customer service and great product values. I would like to thank our associates for their hard work and dedication."Dividend IncreaseThe Company today announced that its board of directors declared a 16 percent increase in its quarterly dividend to 29 cents per share. "As a reflection of our progress on the Company's strategic initiatives, the board increased the dividend for the second time this year and has established new capital allocation targets in support of our commitment to create value for our shareholders," said Blake. The dividend is payable on December 15, 2011, to shareholders of record on the close of business on December 1, 2011. This is the 99th consecutive quarter the Company has paid a cash dividend.Capital Allocation PrinciplesCombined with today's third quarter earnings announcement, the Company updated its capital allocation principles: Dividend Principle: Targeting a dividend payout ratio of approximately 50 percent, up from a prior target of 40 percent.Share Repurchase Principle: After meeting the needs of the business, will use excess cash to repurchase shares, with the intent of completing the remaining $6.8 billion of share repurchases under its current authorization by the end of fiscal 2014.Return on Invested Capital Principle: Maintain a high return on invested capital, with a goal of reaching 15 percent (before share repurchases) by the end of fiscal 2013. Targeted Capital StructureThe Company announced that it will target a total adjusted debt/EBITDAR ratio of 2.0x. Total adjusted debt includes debt on the balance sheet plus 8x operating rents and certain contingent liabilities, while EBITDAR is defined as earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization and rent expense. Updated Fiscal 2011 GuidanceThe Company confirmed that it expects fiscal 2011 sales will be up approximately 2.5 percent from fiscal 2010. Based on its year-to-date performance and outlook for the balance of the year, the Company raised its fiscal 2011 diluted earnings-per-share guidance and now expects diluted earnings-per-share to grow by approximately 18 percent to $2.38 for the year.The Home Depot will conduct a conference call today at 9 a.m. ET to discuss information included in this news release and related matters. The conference call will be available in its entirety through a webcast and replay at earnings.homedepot.com. At the end of the third quarter, the Company operated a total of 2,246 retail stores in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, 10 Canadian provinces, Mexico and China. The Company employs more than 300,000 associates. The Home Depot's stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE: HD) and is included in the Dow Jones industrial average and Standard & Poor's 500 index.Certain statements contained herein constitute "forward-looking statements" as defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements may relate to, among other things, the demand for our products and services, net sales growth, comparable store sales, state of the economy, state of the residential construction, housing and home improvement markets, state of the credit markets, including mortgages, home equity loans and consumer credit, inventory and in-stock positions, commodity price inflation and deflation, implementation of store and supply chain initiatives, continuation of reinvestment plans, net earnings performance, earnings per share, stock-based compensation expense, capital allocation and expenditures, liquidity, the effect of adopting certain accounting standards, return on invested capital, management of our purchasing or customer credit policies, the effect of accounting charges, the planned recapitalization of the Company and the timing of its completion, the ability to issue debt on terms and at rates acceptable to us, store openings and closures, expense leverage, guidance for fiscal 2011 and beyond and financial outlook. Forward-looking statements are based on currently available information and our current assumptions, expectations and projections about future events. You are cautioned not to rely on our forward-looking statements. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to future events, risks and uncertainties ? many of which are beyond our control or are currently unknown to us ? as well as potentially inaccurate assumptions that could cause actual results to differ materially from our expectations and projections. These risks and uncertainties include but are not limited to those described in Item 1A, "Risk Factors," and elsewhere in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for our fiscal year ended January 30, 2011. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and we do not undertake to update these statements other than as required by law. You are advised, however, to review any further disclosures we make on related subjects in our periodic filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. THE HOME DEPOT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIESCONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EARNINGS FOR THE THREE MONTHS AND NINE MONTHS ENDED OCTOBER 30, 2011 AND OCTOBER 31, 2010(Unaudited)(Amounts in Millions Except Per Share Data and as Otherwise Noted)Three Months Ended% IncreaseNine Months Ended% Increase10-30-1110-31-10(Decrease)10-30-1110-31-10(Decrease)NET SALES$ 17,326$ 16,5984.4 %$ 54,381$ 52,8712.9 %Cost of Sales11,36510,9134.135,71634,8102.6 GROSS PROFIT5,9615,6854.918,66518,0613.3Operating Expenses: Selling, General and Administrative3,9563,8373.112,15112,0420.9 Depreciation and Amortization390400(2.5)1,1831,217(2.8) Total Operating Expenses4,3464,2372.613,33413,2590.6 OPERATING INCOME1,6151,44811.55,3314,80211.0Interest and Other (Income) Expense: Interest and Investment Income(4)(4)-(9)(11)(18.2) Interest Expense16214611.04524393.0 Other----51(100.0) Interest and Other, net15814211.3443479(7.5)EARNINGS BEFORE PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES1,4571,30611.64,8884,32313.1Provision for Income Taxes52347210.81,7791,57213.2 NET EARNINGS $ 934$ 83412.0 %$ 3,109$ 2,75113.0 %Weighted Average Common Shares1,5401,637(5.9) %1,5721,657(5.1) %BASIC EARNINGS PER SHARE$ 0.61$ 0.5119.6$ 1.98$ 1.6619.3Diluted Weighted Average Common Shares1,5481,646(6.0) %1,5811,667(5.2) %DILUTED EARNINGS PER SHARE$ 0.60$ 0.5117.6$ 1.97$ 1.6519.4SELECTED HIGHLIGHTSThree Months Ended % Increase Nine Months Ended% Increase 10-30-1110-31-10(Decrease) 10-30-1110-31-10(Decrease) Number of Customer Transactions325.3321.61.2 %1,014.51,013.30.1 %Average Ticket (actual)$ 53.03$ 51.473.0$ 53.50$ 52.112.7Weighted Average Weekly Sales per Operating Store (in thousands)$ 590$ 5674.1$ 620$ 6032.8Square Footage at End of Period 235235-235235-Capital Expenditures$ 351$ 28224.5$ 820$ 68919.0Depreciation and Amortization (1)$ 416$ 426(2.3) %$ 1,265$ 1,292(2.1) %(1) Includes depreciation of distribution centers and tool rental equipment included in Cost of Sales and amortization of deferred financing costs included in Interest Expense.THE HOME DEPOT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIESCONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETSAS OF OCTOBER 30, 2011, OCTOBER 31, 2010 AND JANUARY 30, 2011(Unaudited)(Amounts in Millions)10-30-1110-31-101-30-11 ASSETS Cash and Cash Equivalents $ 2,234$ 1,425$ 545 Receivables, net 1,3841,2951,085 Merchandise Inventories 10,71710,99310,625 Other Current Assets 1,1431,3631,224 Total Current Assets 15,47815,07613,479 Property and Equipment, net 24,53225,05025,060 Goodwill 1,0721,1801,187 Other Assets 417435399 TOTAL ASSETS $ 41,499$ 41,741$ 40,125 LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY Accounts Payable $ 5,669$ 5,714$ 4,717 Accrued Salaries and Related Expenses 1,2271,1681,290 Current Installments of Long-Term Debt 441,0231,042 Other Current Liabilities 3,6463,4553,073 Total Current Liabilities 10,58611,36010,122 Long-Term Debt 10,7398,7528,707 Other Long-Term Liabilities 2,4052,5142,407 Total Liabilities 23,73022,62621,236 Total Stockholders' Equity 17,76919,11518,889 TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY $ 41,499$ 41,741$ 40,125THE HOME DEPOT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIESCONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWSFOR THE NINE MONTHS ENDED OCTOBER 30, 2011 AND OCTOBER 31, 2010(Unaudited)(Amounts in Millions)Nine Months Ended10-30-1110-31-10CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:Net Earnings $ 3,109$ 2,751Reconciliation of Net Earnings to Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities: Depreciation and Amortization 1,2651,292 Stock-Based Compensation Expense 157161 Changes in Working Capital and Other 1,160(218) Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities 5,6913,986CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:Capital Expenditures(820)(689)Proceeds from Sale of Business, net101-Other3665 Net Cash Used in Investing Activities (683)(624)CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:Proceeds from Long-Term Borrowings, net of discount1,994998Repayments of Long-Term Debt(1,021)(1,023)Repurchases of Common Stock(3,056)(1,974)Cash Dividends Paid to Stockholders(1,187)(1,184)Other (27)(183) Net Cash Used in Financing Activities(3,297)(3,366)Change in Cash and Cash Equivalents1,711(4)Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash and Cash Equivalents(22)8Cash and Cash Equivalents at the Beginning of the Period5451,421Cash and Cash Equivalents at the End of the Period$ 2,234$ 1,425SOURCE The Home DepotFor further information: Financial Community, Diane Dayhoff, Vice President of Investor Relations, +1-770-384-2666, firstname.lastname@example.com, News Media, Ron DeFeo Senior Director of Corporate Communications 770-384-3179, email@example.com


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I thought that this book was really cute. As soon as I
picked it up, I couldn't stop reading this. Cassie was such
a cute character to read about. The situations she got into
were so funny. I can't wait to read the prequel to Queen B!
I think this is the perfect book to pick up. I hope that
Laura Peyton Roberts continues to write about Cassie's
Rating (0 - 10 scale): 9
Reviewer Age: 19
Reviewer City, State and Country: Philadelphia, PA USA


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As for steep, projected increases in CO2 levels over the next century, Lowenstein thinks that might not be our only cause for concern.
"If we assume that you and I are both in our 50s, the change in atmospheric CO2 in our lifetime is greater than the rate of any change in at least the last half million years," said Lowenstein, who is particularly concerned about unexpected changes
"Right now, we're on a predictable pace. But there will likely be tipping points, unexpected events that could really change things, so all of a sudden we may get changes in ocean circulation that we never would have predicted, or the tundra may melt. Some unexpected event is going to occur that's going to be more dramatic than the progressive changes that occurred over the last 100 years."
As a scientist, Lowenstein has no doubt that burning oil, gas and coal are fueling global warming and creating, along with environmental degradation, an immediate threat to some species of life on the planet. His opinion is unchanged by those who would point to the earth's ancient hothouse past as proof that natural swings in climate take place with or without human intervention.
Lowenstein said these consequences seem more and more likely without drastic change.
"The glacier on Mount Kilimanjaro has not much time left even now. Many mountain glaciers are going to disappear," he said. "It all depends on how much fossil fuel we burn. But if we keep doing what we're doing now, we will be up to the CO2 levels of the Eocene within another 100 or 200 years."
As Lowenstein points out, although it is difficult to predict how global temperatures over the coming centuries will compare to the Eocene, the "hothouse" world 50 million years ago should serve as a reminder of
|Contact: Gail Glover or Ryan Yarosh
Binghamton University


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Formed in Miami, Florida, Torche has rocked fans, critics and stereos since their forming in 2004. Variously characterized as "stoner pop," "thunder rock" and "sludge metal," their self-titled album was declared as the Number Seven album of 2005 on Decibel magazine's annual Top 40 list. Three years later, Decibel magazine ranked the band's second album, Meanderthal, as Number One. Torche's latest album, Harmonicraft, was released in April 2012. The band has toured with Mogwai, Isis, Baroness and the Sword, among others, and in 2010, they opened for Coheed and Cambria. Here the Rock Hall catches up with Torche guitarist Andrew Elstner, as the band readies for a free live concert at the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum in Cleveland, Ohio, on July 25, 2012, part of the Summer in the City concert series.
Rock Hall: What was the first record/CD you ever bought and do you still listen to it?
Andrew Elstner: With my own money? Aerosmith Rocks and damn straight I still listen to it. Although now it's on my iPod, not a cassette tape.
RH: What artists did you listen to when you were growing up and what about ...
Chicago native Michael Angelo Batio is a guitar virtuoso, renowned in heavy metal circles and beyond for his fretwork dexterity, combining a signature blend of showmanship and technical precision. Although the Eighties and early Nineties found him on lead guitar in metal acts Holland and later Nitro, Batio's first experiences as a young musician came in front of a piano, and it was jazz guitar that first captured his interest – and soon highlighted his innate prowess.
On February 10, 2012, Batio visited the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum, where his signature Dean Guitars "Jet" double-guitar is currently displayed as part of the Right Here, Right Now! exhibit. Here, the Rock Hall catches up with the virtuoso shredder to learn more about his influences and inspirations, and the origins of his unique guitar.
Rock Hall: When did you first start playing guitar and was it something that came naturally?
Michael Angelo Batio: I started playing the guitar at age 10. I started playing the piano at age five. Music just came naturally to me. But, I always loved to practice and work to get better. I still love to practice and learn new things.
RH: Who ...
The first act to rise from the industrial-rock underground to mass commercial success, Nine Inch Nails established Cleveland-area native Trent Reznor – NIN's founder, front man, producer and sole permanent member – as a different kind of rock star. The propulsive, abrasive sound of his music perfectly suited his images of pain, alienation, betrayal and existential torment; his broodingly charismatic stage persona captivated a readily receptive audience that found common ground in his seething lyrics and pummeling beats. Unlike most of his industrial-music contemporaries, Reznor possesses a gift for melody and song structure that's reflected in "Head Like a Hole." The opening track of Nine Inch Nails' 1989 debut album Pretty Hate Machine, the song is as catchy as it is harsh, with a raw, insistent chorus that's hard to shake. It's no wonder that "Head Like a Hole" would serve as Nine Inch Nails' set closer for many years.
Born in Birmingham, England, on December 3, 1948, John Michael "Ozzy" Osbourne started his carreer as a musician in the late 60s, as he, Tony Iommi, Geezer Butler and Bill Ward banded together, seeking to escape the trappings of factory life in their shared hometown. The foursome began to take shape as a blues band – influenced by the likes of Led Zeppelin and Cream – calling themselves Earth Blues Company (later shortened to Earth). Osbourne channeled his love of soul music (particularly Sam and Dave) to his duties as frontman, but the group took a tectonic shift after Osbourne penned a song about Butler's encounter with a sinister spectre, calling the song "Black Sabbath." The band eventually took Black Sabbath as their name – and the title of their 1970 debut album. The group would go on to release such heavy metal classics as Paranoid, Master of Reality, Black Sabbath, Vol. 4 and Sabbath Bloody Sabbath, effectively defining the heavy metal genre and making Osbourne the voice of it. Osbourne's delivery was melodic and well-pitched, and he never resorted to the sort of histrionic screaming that became a hallmark of metal's lesser lights.
Osbourne took his heavy metal charge ...
By 1986, Metallica was widely accepted as the heir apparent to the heavy metal throne. The band's crowning achievement was Master of Puppets, an album that not only pushed the limits of the metal genre in terms of sheer musicianship and creative force, but also redefined the paths to success and critical acclaim.
Metallica's meteoric ascent began in earnest with the release of 1983's Kill 'Em All, introducing the band's sharp thrash attack – a potent brew of New Wave of British Heavy Metal, punk and hardcore – to an audience far beyond their Bay Area stomping grounds. Although the record featured songs co-written by former bandmate (and future Megadeth leader) Dave Mustaine, the album was a cohesive thrash onslaught with little variation among arrangements and archetypal lyrics that encouraged listeners to "Jump In The Fire," "Seek & Destroy," have "No Remorse" and join a "Metal Militia." At its core were the intricate rhythm guitar and brash vocals of James Hetfield, the skillful lead guitar work of Kirk Hammett, the powerful percussive backbone of Lars Ulrich and the inimitable bass stylings of Cliff Burton.
A year later, the quartet took an evolutionary leap with the release of Ride The ...


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The 5 Los Angeles MVPs In The NBA All-Star Game
Since the NBA All-Star Game was established in 1951, five players who represented Los Angeles have been named most valuable player of the annual score-fest.
Keidel: Aaron Rodgers Is The Greatest Quarterback To Ever Play American Football
This is not because Rodgers beat Brady last week. The game was whisker-close and you could easily argue that the Patriots would win a rematch on a neutral field. This is about stats, scent, and sense.
10 Pitchers To Win Cy Young And MVP In One Season
When Clayton Kershaw's stellar 2014 season earned him both Cy Young and National League MVP honors, he accomplished something that hasn't been done in nearly half a century. Bob Gibson was the last pitcher to […]
Angels' Mike Trout Wins 2014 AL MVP
Angels' main man Mike Trout unanimously won the AL MVP for the first time of his young career.
Top 5 Performances By Clayton Kershaw In 2014
Was Clayton Kershaw's performance of 2014 enough to win MVP? Should be! Kershaw was the league's first 20-game winner and had a no-hit game that should have been perfect. After helping the Dodgers clinch their second straight division title, Kershaw will end the regular season with a record of 21-3. To top it off, Kershaw also had a scoreless streak of 41 innings in his MVP-like season. If Kershaw does indeed win the NL MVP, it will be the first time in 46 years ago, where Hall of Famer Bob Gibson won it in 1968.
Trout Proving Why He'll Be AL MVP, Powers Angels Past Rangers
Jered Weaver earned his AL-leading 18th victory, Albert Pujols reached the 100-RBI mark with a two-run homer and Mike Trout also hit a two-run shot to lead the Los Angeles Angels to an 8-5 victory over the Texas Rangers on Saturday night.
USC, Taft High School Alum Malcolm Smith Nets Super Bowl MVP Honors
Three words raced through Seattle Seahawks linebacker Malcolm Smith's mind as he streaked toward the end zone in the Super Bowl with an interception: "Don't get caught."
LeBron Wins 2nd Straight Finals MVP
He's the most decorated player in the National Basketball Association and when it mattered most, LeBron James once again came through for the Miami Heat.
LeBron Answers Critics In Game 4
Miami Heat superstar and NBA Most Valuable Player LeBron James looked like a shell of himself in Game 3 of the 2013 NBA Finals against the San Antonio Spurs. He promised he would play better in Game 4 and just like the mailman, he delivered.
Sports Verdict: Most Impressive Start To The Season? Mariano Rivera Vs. Miguel Cabrera
Two of the elite talents in the American League, Miguel Cabrera and Mariano Rivera, have begun this year no differently than any other they have played.
West Tops East In NBA All-Star Game; Chris Paul Named MVP
Kevin Durant scored 30 points, MVP Chris Paul had 20 points and 15 assists, and the Western Conference beat the East 143-138 on Sunday night in the NBA All-Star game.
Baltimore QB Joe Flacco Wins Super Bowl MVP Award
Capping a pretty perfect postseason, Joe Flacco completed 22 of 33 passes for 287 yards and three first-half touchdowns Sunday to earn Super Bowl MVP honors for leading the Baltimore Ravens to a 34-29 victory over the San Francisco 49ers.
Lakers Introduce 2-Time MVP Steve Nash
Nobody is more surprised to see Steve Nash holding a gold Lakers jersey than the two-time MVP guard himself.
Miami Heat Win NBA Title
The decision is final: LeBron James made the right call coming to Miami. Finally an NBA champion, it's all worth it now.
Kemp Settles Into Productive Groove At The Plate
Matt Kemp strolled over to the stereo system, plugged in his iPod and shuffled through an array of songs.


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Hot Toys initiates "Comic-Con Party Protocol" with their first Summer Exclusive release, the Iron Man Mark XXIV 'Tank' Sixth Scale Figure!
Hot Toys debuts their first figure from the upcoming movie, Terminator Genisys: the T-800 Guardian Sixth Scale Figure!
Hot Toys Thor 'Avengers: Age of Ultron' figure comes with two exciting new features – a LED light-up Mjolnir accessory, and an all new Augmented Reality app to bring the collector experience to the next level! Available now.
Heroes don't get any bigger than this! Based on Marvel's next superhero movie, we're pleased to present Hot Toys' new Ant-Man Artist Mix Figures series, designed by Japanese artist TOUMA.
Tony 'G-Man' Guerrero shines a light on all the cool features of the Hot Toys John Blake & Batsignal Sixth Scale Figure set. Spoiler Alert: The Batsignal all lit up is amazing, and it even has a remote…
Get a first hand look at the Hot Toys Avengers Age of Ultron Cosbaby Set (Series 1) from guest reviewer Optibotimus!
Sixth Scale photographer Daniel Picard is back in the studio with the highly anticipated Hot Toys Marty McFly Sixth Scale Figure. Check out his preliminary brainstorm for his ongoing photography series, Figure Fantasy!
Shawn and Gavin Richter are back to take a closer look at the Hot Toys Mandarin and Tony Stark Sixth Scale Figures, and find some cool features and accessories they never even saw coming!
Great Scott! In this episode of How to Be a Poser, Terry walks us through utilizing accessories with the sixth scale Hot Toys Marty McFly from Back to the Future!
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Marjorie K. Owings, 86, of 333 E. Water St., Sandusky died unexpectedly Tuesday evening, Nov. 13, 2007, at her residence.
She was born May 23, 1921, in Sandusky, and was a 1939 graduate of Sandusky High School. Marjorie also attended Ursuline College and Heidelberg College. She retired from the Sandusky Library where she worked for morethan 60 years.
She was a member of Zion Lutheran Church, Sandusky; Martha Pitkin Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution; was a charter member of the Mid-American Chapter of the Music Box Society; and the Miniature Book Society.
She is survived by one cousin, John Scofield of Johns Island, S.C.; one niece, Pamela Robinson of San Francisco; and her beloved friends, Linda and John Poggiali ofSandusky.
She was preceded in death by her husband, Edward Paul Owings in 1982, and her parents, Karl and Margaret (Alspach) Kugel.
Friends may call from 4-7 p.m. Friday at Pfeil Funeral Home,Sandusky Chapel, 617 Columbus Ave., Sandusky, where funeralservices will be at 10 a.m. Saturday. The Rev. John B. Mawhirter will officiate. Burial will be in Oakland Cemetery, Sandusky.
Memorial contributions may be made to Back To The Wild, P.O. Box 423, Castalia, OH 44824; or to the Sandusky Library, 114 W. Adams St., Sandusky, OH 44870.