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The invention relates to systems and methods for the manufacture of flexible printed wiring (FPW) harnesses of unlimited length three dimensions. In preferred embodiments, in-line raster scanning (e.g., xerography or laser printing) is used to image continuously updated conductor patterns on an uninterrupted (i.e., seamless) web-fed base material, or substrate With in-line manufacturing, an FPW harness equivalent to a discrete RWH of unlimited dimension can be fabricated. For example, the substrate can be cut to form circuit layout branches which are subsequently folded to produce three-dimensional shapes of unlimited size
1. An extended length printed harness according to claim 1, further comprising:
perforations formed by electrically eroding the substrate.
2. An extended length printed harness formed on a flexible substrate, said harness comprising:
a toner image of a continuously updated conductor pattern formed on a continuous flexible substrate; and
a conductive path established as a harness branch on the continuous flexible substrate in accordance with the toner image of the conductor pattern.
3. An extended length printed harness according to claim 1, further comprising:
perforations formed in the substrate by mechanical means.
4. An extended length printed harness according to claim 1, further comprising:
perforations formed in the substrate by laser ablation.
5. An extended length printed harness according to claim 1, further comprising:
perforations formed in the substrate by abrasive blaster means.
6. An extended length printed harness according to claim 1, wherein the substrate is directly scanned to form said conductor pattern.
7. An extended length printed harness according to claim 6, wherein said conductor pattern is continuously updated as the substrate is being scanned.
8. An extended length printed harness according to claim 6, wherein said direct scanning is performed by directing laser light toward the substrate.
9. An extended length printed harness according to claim 6, wherein said direct scanning is performed by directing liquid particles toward said substrate.
10. An extended length printed harness according to claim 6, wherein said direct scanning is performed by directing solid particles toward said substrate.
11. An extended length printed harness according to claim 1, wherein said substrate is indirectly scanned to form said conductor pattern.
12. An extended length printed harness according to claim 11,
further including:
a conductor pattern transferred from a drum or belt to the substrate.
13. An extended length printed harness according to claim 12, wherein said conductor pattern is continuously updated on said drum or belt as said conductor pattern is being transferred to the substrate.
14. An extended length printed harness according to claim 1, wherein said conductive paths are formed additively.
15. An extended length printed harness according to claim 14, wherein said conductive paths are formed by electrophotographically transferring plateable toner onto said substrate.
16. An extended length printed harness according to claim 14, wherein said conductive paths are formed by magnetographically transferring plateable toner onto said substrate.
17. An extended length printed harness according to claim 1, further including:
an adhesive toner applied to a surface of said substrate, and a metal pattern transferred from a sacrificial sheet onto said substrate.
18. An extended length printed harness according to claim 1, further including:
metal particles tacked onto locally softened substrate by thermal means.
19. An extended length printed harness according to claim 1, further including:
metal particles tacked onto locally softened substrate by chemical means.
20. An extended length printed harness according to claim 1, further including:
at least one folded harness branch that extends in a direction perpendicular to at least one conductive path.
21. An extended length printed harness according to claim 1, further including:
plural conductive layers, each having predetermined conductive paths.
22. An extended length printed harness according to claim 21, further including holes established through said plural conductive layers for interconnecting at least some of said conductive layers.
23. An extended length printed harness according to claim 1, further comprising:
perforations formed in the flexible substrate; and
a plurality of vias formed in said substrate with conductive patterns imaged on opposite sides of said substrate, said patterns and vias be rendered conductive by subsequent plating to form conductive paths on opposite sides of the substrate and through the substrate.
24. An extended length printed harness according to claim 20, wherein said harness is continuous and formed in at least two perpendicular directions with dimensions that exceed a preset range of motion of an imaging means used to form said toner image.
25. An extended length printed harness according to claim 20, wherein a dimension of said pattern is independent of restrictions in a range of motion of an imaging means used to form said toner image.
26. An extended length printed harness formed on a flexible substrate said harness comprising:
a seamless, continuously updated conductor pattern formed as a toner image on the flexible substrate;
conductive paths established on the substrate in accordance with the conductor pattern;
harness branches of the printed harness formed by cutting the flexible substrate after said conductive paths have been established; and at least one folded harness branch formed such that said at least one harness branch extends in a direction oriented at an angle with respect to at least one conductive path.
27. An extended length printed harness according to claim 26, wherein said harness is continuous and formed in at least two perpendicular directions with dimensions that exceed a preset range of motion of an imaging means used to form said toner image.
28. An extended length printed harness according to claim 26, wherein a dimension of said pattern is independent of restrictions in a range of motion of an imaging means used to form said toner image.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to systems and methods for designing and fabricating conductive wiring harnesses. More particularly, the invention relates to methods for fabricating wiring harnesses as uninterrupted (i.e., seamless) flexible printed circuitry of unlimited dimension on a continuous, web-fed substrate.
2. State of the Art
Presently, round wire harnesses (RWHs) are used in large scale systems (e.g., large appliances, automobiles, office wiring, industrial control panels, and commercial and military aircraft) to interconnect circuit components. An RWH typically includes a bundle of individual wire conductors terminated in connectors for attachment to the various circuit components.
While an RWH provides large scale interconnection of components, it suffers from significant drawbacks. For example, because RWH is used in large scale systems, the number of conductive paths is relatively large. The complex routing and connection of the various conductive paths therefore make it difficult to handle the RWH and render assembly of a system using RWH labor intensive. Use of an RWH also results in a highly disorganized wiring scheme in which misconnections of conductors frequently occur and in which location of faults (e.g., breaks in conductive paths) cannot be readily identified and corrected.
RWH includes a large number of individual, round conductors which consume a significant volume of space and which add substantial weight to a system. Because individual wires are routed, an RWH is also highly susceptible to cross-talk and to impedance mismatches with system components.
Further, because an RWH is a bundle of individual wire conductors, the strength of the overall system is limited to the strength of each individual conductor. Therefore, if a single wire is structurally stressed (i.e., typically the shortest conductor), that conductor can break. As mentioned previously, subsequent identification and correction of such breaks are difficult due to the routing complexity of an RWH. Further, this structural limitation often leads to a harness configuration being dictated by strength requirements rather than electrical requirements, such that the harness is often heavier than necessary.
Another significant drawback of an RWH is its inability to accommodate modifications in the conductive path layout. Rather, circuit component changes and/or routing modifications of the conductive paths are typically achieved by the addition of new conductive wiring paths, adding to the complexity of the overall system or by a complete redesign of the system, increasing the time required to produce a finished harness.
In small scale applications, efforts have been made to address the foregoing drawbacks with the introduction of flexible printed wiring, or FPW. For example, in the book entitled Handbook of Wiring, Cabling and Interconnecting for Electronics. 1972: McGraw-Hill, Chapter 9 relates to "Flexible Printed Wiring and Connector Systems". Flexible printed circuits are described therein which employ thin, flexible insulation to support circuitry which is covered with a thin overlay of insulation.
In a process schematic shown in Chapter 9, FIG. 10 of the aforementioned book, an FPW circuit layout is designed by first creating a circuit layout master. Using the circuit layout master, a layout of conductors is imaged on a photographic negative from which a camera positive is produced. A screen is then fabricated from the camera positive for applying resist to the copper surface of a base material (i.e., substrate).
Afterwards, chemical etching is used to remove copper left unprotected by the resist. The remaining copper constitutes a desired pattern of conductive paths on the substrate. After the remaining resist is chemically removed, an insulating overlay is subsequently laminated to the surface, the overlay being of the same material as the base.
In an alternate process described in Chapter 9 of the aforementioned book, the camera negative is used to form the layout of conductive paths. In this process, a photoresist is applied to the entire copper surface. Afterwards, ultraviolet light is passed through the camera negative to "fix" the photoresist material to the base in those areas where conductive paths are to be formed. Unprotected areas of the copper layer are then chemically etched, followed by lamination with an insulating overlay, as described above.
Despite the significant advantages FPW circuits have realized in small scale applications (e.g., cameras, telephones, personal computers, disk drives, and automobile dashboards), present technology does not provide for the creation of large-scale FPW systems which can replace RWH. For example, screen printing and photography techniques similar to those described above are currently used to produce flexible printed circuits in a batch fashion. Units, or panels, of limited size (e.g., two feet square) are typically processed one at a time because this is roughly the largest size the image-producing step (e.g., screen printing or photography) can handle easily. Further, current image-production is fairly expensive or slow to alter, resulting in high overhead costs and delays for the small number of runs which would be associated with large-scale FPW.
Because the size limitations associated with FPW have been recognized and accepted by industry, technology in this area has focused on maximizing the use of the available space on a size limited substrate. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,587,719 discloses a method of batch fabricating flexible circuits in an effort to provide area efficient use of a size limited substrate. As disclosed therein, orthoganol lines of conductors are joined and folded about axes parallel to the conductors. Although the disclosed method permits flexible arrays to be fabricated, its use of traditional imaging techniques imposes size constraints on the overall circuit layout design which prohibit its use as an RWH.
Further, U.S. Pat. No. 3,819,989 relates to a printed wiring multiple circuit board assembly wherein printed circuit boards are arranged at right angles to a flexible main tape 10. The flexible main tape is formed with a plurality of conductors and tape tabs 12 through 15 using conventional techniques. The tape tabs connect the main tape 10 and a plurality of overlays 16 through 19. The overlays are formed on each side of the main tape and are bonded to conventional rectangular circuit boards situated in mutually parallel planes perpendicular to the main tape. However, like U.S. Pat. No. 4,587,719, the system of U.S. Pat. No. 3,819,989 fails to disclose fabrication techniques which would permit the manufacture of RWH replacements.
Techniques aimed at joining sectors of FPW to produce the equivalent of an RWH (i.e., a "step and repeat" process) have also been attempted. However, these techniques increase manufacturing complexity and cost, and do not provide a cost effective three-dimensional breakout routing (i.e., branching) capability necessary for RWH replacement. Although individual and unique FPW segments could be combined to produce breakouts suitable for three-dimensional routing, such a combination would significantly increase the number of interconnections, further increasing design and manufacturing complexity and decreasing system reliability.
To address some of the drawbacks associated with the aforementioned step and repeat processes, U.S. Pat. No. 3,712,735 discloses a photoresist pattern controlled continuous strip etching apparatus. Here, a continuous loop photographic film transparency of a master pattern is used for contact photo printing of the pattern onto a moving resist coated strip. Because this apparatus merely addresses the problems associated with step and repeat processes by increasing the size of the master film transparency, many of the aforementioned drawbacks associated with small scale FPW applications are incurred. For example, circuits produced by the disclosed apparatus are limited to the size of the master film transparency and are not readily adapted to in-line modifications of the conductor patterns once the master film transparency has been produced.
Thus, while FPW has many recognized advantages relative to RWH, the size limits of FPW have rendered its use in replacing RWH impractical.
Accordingly, a purpose of the present invention is to provide systems and methods for fabricating electrical harnesses capable of replacing RWH. To adequately replace RWH, the harness should provide three-dimensional breakout routing capability and be free of size restrictions. Further, a purpose of the invention is to provide systems and methods for fabricating harnesses such that the circuit layout can be readily modified electronically with limited manipulation of the fabrication process. Such design modifications include, for example, adaptation of a given circuit layout to systems of varied shapes and dimensions. In addition, a purpose of the invention is to provide high throughput of a harness from design to manufacture, and to eliminate high cost inventory requirements associated with the manufacture of traditional RWH.
To achieve these purposes, the invention relates to systems and methods for the manufacture of three dimensional FPW harnesses of unlimited size. In preferred embodiments, an in-line raster scanning (e.g., xerography or laser printing) is used to image conductor patterns on a continuous, web-fed base material, or substrate. As the substrate is fed, the raster scanned image is continuously refreshed.
With in-line manufacturing, an uninterrupted (i.e, seamless) FPW harness equivalent to a discrete RWH of unlimited size in three dimensions can be fabricated. For example, the substrate can be cut to form circuit layout branches which are subsequently folded to produce three-dimensional shapes of unlimited size.
The present invention thus overcomes the significant drawbacks associated with traditional RWH. For example, a harness fabricated in accordance with the present invention represents an organized layout of conductive paths having relatively small volume and weight requirements and enabling excellent control of cross-talk and impedance mismatches.
Further, the present invention affords significant advantages not previously realized in fabricating harnesses of any size. For example, the in-line raster scanning of a conductor pattern onto a continuously fed substrate provides high throughput while affording optimum design flexibility. An original FPW design and/or subsequent design modifications can be remotely communicated via, for example, telephone networks.
Virtual inventory or electronic inventory can also be exploited in preferred embodiments to avoid any need to maintain a supply of round wire conductors having different sizes and color codes. Only generic raw materials need be maintained in inventory. Because various conductive paths of the layout can be labelled during fabrication, any need to label round wires (traditionally done by direct printing on the wire jacket, color coding or the addition of label sleeves) can be eliminated.
Yet another advantage of the present invention is that the fabrication of a harness as a single FPW element relieves the strain placed on the individual conductors of an RWH. Further, the ability to contour FPW to irregularly shaped surfaces in accordance with the present invention permits increased heat sinking.
In accordance with a preferred embodiment, an extended length flexible printed electrical harness is created by continuously feeding a substrate to an imaging means. In the imaging means, an image of a continuously updated conductor pattern is created electronically on a computer or in hard copy such that the image can be transferred to the substrate. The substrate is raster scanned either directly or indirectly to image the conductor pattern thereon. Conductive paths are established on the substrate in accordance with the pattern and are covered with a protective insulating film. The flexible substrate is then cut to form circuit layout breakouts, or branches, and the branches are folded to produce three-dimensional shapes of unlimited size.
Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like elements have been designated with like numerals, and wherein;
FIG. 1 shows an exemplary system for fabricating an FPW harness in accordance with a preferred embodiment;
FIG. 2 shows an exemplary, uncut FPW harness formed in accordance with a preferred embodiment;
FIG. 3 shows a more detailed illustration of an exemplary FPW harness formed, cut and folded in accordance with a preferred embodiment; and
FIG. 4 shows an exemplary FPW harness formed, cut, folded and placed for a given end use.
In a preferred embodiment, an extended length FPW harness of conductive paths is fabricated by continuously moving, or web-feeding, an uninterrupted (i.e., seamless) flexible substrate through four general fabrication stations. The first of these includes an imaging means wherein an image of a continuously updated conductor pattern is created electronically on a computer or in hard copy such that the image can be transferred to the substrate. The substrate is raster scanned either directly or indirectly to image the conductor pattern on the substrate as it is fed. In a second general stage of fabrication, conductive paths are established on the substrate in accordance with the pattern. The conductive paths are subsequently covered with a protective insulating film in a third general stage. The flexible substrate passes to a fourth general stage wherein it is cut to form circuit layout breakouts, or branches. The branches can then be folded to produce three-dimensional shapes.
Each of these stages will now be described in greater detail. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that while each of these stages is described separately, any or all of these stages can be combined into a single stage wherein each of the foregoing steps can be performed in sequence. Further, it will be appreciated that appropriate buffering between stages is necessary to accommodate different processing speeds within each stage.
In accordance with preferred embodiments, four general techniques can be used for creating conductive paths on the web-fed substrate: an additive process of forming conductive paths; a subtractive process of forming conductive paths; a conductive ink process; and a tack and peel process. The technique selected for creating the conductive paths will dictate the technique or techniques which can be used to image the conductor pattern, either directly or indirectly, on the substrate. Accordingly, a brief discussion of the four general techniques for creating conductive paths will be provided before discussing the various imaging techniques.
With each of the four general techniques, raster scanning is used to image a conductor pattern corresponding to the paths of an RWH. Further, patterns can be raster scanned on the substrate for in-line testing and inspection of circuits. Raster scanning can be effected in a manner similar to that described in the book Imaging Processes and Materials. Sturge, J. M. et al., 8th ed., 1989, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. For example, Chapter 13 of the aforementioned book is entitled "Non-Impact Printing Technologies" by Werner E. Haas and describes raster scanning with a scanning e-beam tool on page 377. Further, Chapter 18 of the aforementioned book is entitled "Imaging For Microfabrication", by J. M. Shaw and describes the use of deflectors for raster scanning on page 578.
As described on page 578 of the Imaging Processes and Materials book, raster scanning generally refers to mechanical and electrical scanning with, for example, an electron beam. The beam is switched on and off in accordance with pattern data to image the pattern on a desired surface.
In the first technique mentioned above (i.e., additive process), the substrate is raster scanned, either directly or indirectly, to selectively image a conductor pattern (e.g., transfer plateable toner) on those portions of the substrate where conductive paths are to be formed. Once imaged, the patterns are built up (e.g., plated) additively with a conductive material to form the conductive paths.
The second general technique mentioned was a subtractive process, wherein the substrate is coated in its entirety with a conductive material. Afterwards, the substrate is raster scanned, either directly or indirectly, to image for removal those portions of the substrate where the conductive material is to be removed (positive working resist) or, conversely, to image for retention those portions where the conductive material is to remain (negative working resist).
With the third general technique (i.e., plateable ink technology), an ink-jet printer scans the substrate and deposits a catalytic ink (e.g., containing a binder and catalyst such as Sn/Pd) onto selected portions of the substrate surface. As with the additive process described above, conductive paths can subsequently be formed on these portions of the substrate using a plating process. Alternately, the imaging of a conductor pattern and the establishment of conductive paths on the pattern can be combined into a single stage. More particularly, an ink-jet printer can be used to directly scan the substrate while depositing ink containing metal spheres or conductive polymers.
In the fourth general technique, a tacky surface pattern corresponding to a predetermined conductive path is created on the substrate by, for example, transferring electrophotographic or magnetographic toner from a drum, or by ink-jet or dot matrix printing of an adhesive onto the substrate. Alternately, the image of a conductor pattern can be scanned onto a surface coating of the substrate, and the substrate rendered tacky in locally softened imaged areas by light exposure or by chemical or thermal means. Regardless of the technique selected for creating a tacky surface, the surface is subsequently laminated with a metal film. The metal film is then removed (e.g., sucked or peeled) where no tack is available. If the film is very thin, an electrolytic plating step, as will be described below, may be necessary to build up the conductive paths.
As mentioned above, the substrate can be raster scanned either directly or indirectly. As referenced herein, direct raster scanning encompasses image creation of a conductor pattern directly on the substrate. On the contrary, indirect raster scanning encompasses image creation of a conductor pattern on a drum (e.g., photocopier drum) or photosensitive belt. The image is then transferred to the substrate from the drum or belt.
In both direct and indirect scanning, the image of the conductor pattern is continuously refreshed, or updated, as the substrate is fed. For example, while a conductor pattern is being imaged on the moving substrate, a subsequent conductor pattern stored in memory can be prepared for imaging a down line portion of the substrate.
Direct scanning can be effected using impact or non-impact write-heads, such as: a laser in a laser printer, a nozzle in an ink-jet printer, LEDs, electrophotography (i.e., electrophotographic plateable toner technology), magnetographic plateable toner technology, and ionography (i.e., ionographic plateable toner technology). The scanning of the substrate can be effected by deflecting light (e.g., laser light) off a mirror surface or by directing light, liquid or solid particles toward the surface through a pivoting head and a shutter. An electrically charged scanning stylus can also be used to electrically erode the substrate to implement a subtractive process. Alternately, the stylus can be any known stylus suitable for piercing, drilling, routing or cutting a surface of the substrate. Any of these direct transfer mechanisms can be situated in clusters or arrays to improve printing speed.
The aforementioned nozzles can also be known nozzles for transferring a catalytic ink to form a catalytic pattern on the substrate. As will be described, the pattern of catalytic ink is subsequently plated additively to build up conductive paths on the substrate. In a subtractive process of pattern creation, an ink acting as an etch resist can be transferred to the substrate for subsequent etching. In this latter case, resist can be selectively fixed on the substrate over those areas where conductive paths of the circuit layout are to be formed.
Indirect scanning can be effected by transferring a conductor pattern to be formed on the substrate onto a drum as in conventional photocopying (e.g., electrophotography) using liquid toners or dry toners. Subsequently the pattern on the drum is transferred to the substrate. The pattern on the drum is then continuously refreshed, or updated, as the substrate is fed.
FIG. 1 shows an exemplary in-line system for fabricating extended length FPW harnesses of unlimited dimension on a continuous, web-fed substrate using an additive process. In FIG. 1, a continuous polymer (e.g., polyimide) substrate 2 formed as a flat sheet is web-fed into an imaging means. In a preferred embodiment, the imaging means is a known laser printer 4, such as a Versatec 8836-II monochrome laser plotter. As an insulating substrate, thermoset films such as polyimide films coated with acrylic, epoxy or TFE adhesives, thermoplastic films such as polyester coated with polyester or epoxy adhesives, or polyetherimide (Ultem™) films whose surface acts as an adhesive can be used upon which conductive (e.g., metal) paths can be formed.
In the FIG. 1 embodiment, a catalytic plateable toner, such as that described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,504,529, is raster scanned directly on the substrate for subsequent electroless plating. As will be further described below, the use of raster scanning to transfer the catalytic toner onto the continuously moving substrate 2 permits creation of a flexible printed harness having unlimited dimensions.
The laser printer 4 includes a computer work station 22 which provides in-line computer aided design (CAD) of the conductor pattern on the substrate. Using CAD, original circuit pattern designs and/or modifications can also be received on-line from remote sources (e.g., via telephone networks) and used to update the circuit pattern being imaged (e.g., add or delete patterns).
CAD can be implemented in a manner similar to that described for conventional printed circuit boards (PCBs) in the article "New Technology Allows Through-Hole and SMT Multilayer Quick Turn Prototype PCBs," PCNetwork, by Bill Schillhamer, December 1990, and U.S. Pat. No. 4,767,489, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. CAD systems such as the Mentor Graphics Cable Station™ can be used to design RWH in three dimensions and to print these harnesses by the techniques described herein on the substrate. Thus, circuit design modifications can be readily implemented during fabrication.
Further, irregular images of multiple different circuits can be printed on the same substrate. These irregular images can be nested in a CAD memory before actual printing. By organizing the irregular shapes on the substrate, space usage of the substrate can be optimized and material waste can be minimized upon forming the conductor patterns to a final shape.
If it is desirable to image conductor patterns on different sides of the substrate, vias through the substrate can be formed to permit interconnection of these patterns. More particularly, prior to imaging a conductor pattern on the substrate, the substrate is perforated to form the vias.
In a preferred embodiment, perforation of the substrate is performed by the imaging means. For example, hole punching, cutting, drilling or routing can be effected by:
Scanning laser ablation (e.g., CO2 or Eximer);
High speed drills or routers;
Water-jet cutting;
Scanning abrasive-blaster.
Further, a modified impact or dot matrix printer can be used to directly punch through the substrate layer, or high temperature rods can be used to melt through the substrate. The nozzles described previously for scanning the substrate can also be used to effect the aforementioned step of perforating the substrate. The nozzles can dispense chemicals for etching the substrate to form the holes (i.e., perforate the substrate) and to carry out routing. Alternately, the nozzles can dispense eroding particles to perform the etching by boring and routing the substrate in a manner akin to sand-blasting. In addition, the nozzles can direct water toward the substrate for water-jet cutting.
While FIG. 1 depicts an exemplary preferred embodiment, it will be appreciated that other imaging techniques, some of which have been mentioned above, can be used. For example, a totally catalytic substrate surface can be formed either by coating the surface with the catalyst or by incorporation of the catalyst into the substrate material. Afterward, a plating resist can be selectively scanned onto the surface with an imaging means such as a photocopier, a laser printer, an LED/ionographic device, or an ink-jet printer. The resist coated portions of the substrate are thus prevented from subsequent plating with conductive materials. For example, "ink"-tape on a normal dot matrix printer can be either a catalyst (for electroless plating) or a resist, depending on whether a non-catalytic or a catalytic substrate is used.
In yet another additive process embodiment, the substrate is coated with a thin metal laminate, and a resist is transferred thereto (e.g., impact or non-impact printing) during the imaging stage. The resist is then removed from selected portions of the substrate to image a conductor pattern on the substrate which is subsequently plated to form the conductive paths. Afterwards, removal of the resist and chemical removal of the remaining thin areas which were covered by the resist can be effected.
In alternate additive process embodiments, different toners (e.g., electrophotographic and magnetographic toners) or the catalytic ink in an ink-jet printer can be transferred to form a resist pattern on a metal drum. The drum is then additively or electrolytically plated in areas where no resist is present. Afterward, the conductive paths are peeled off the drum by using a substrate which has been coated with a tacky surface.
As mentioned previously, subtractive techniques can also be used. Subtractive techniques start out with a substrate clad produced by lamination of the polymer substrate with metal films. The polymer film may have the metal (e.g., copper) laminated to one or two sides An exemplary subtractive method selectively deposits etch resist over areas that are to remain as circuitry. These areas correspond to the conductor patterns which become conductive paths by, for example, chemically etching away the metal left unprotected in the image-producing step.
An ink-jet printer or dot matrix printer can also be modified to raster scan a substrate and to selectively deposit the etch resist as an ink directly on the substrate. Alternately, toner can be used as a screen on top of a normal etch resist film to effect a subtractive technique for creating an FPW harness. Subsequent development of an image representing a conductor pattern of the FPW harness can then be used to produce an etch pattern made from common resist films.
Where a resist layer has been non-selectively deposited over a conductive layer, a high powered laser can be used to remove the etch resist film down to the conductive layer. This exposes those portions of the conductive layer which are to be removed. Plasma etching techniques can also be used to remove the resist film. Alternately, to selectively identify those areas where the metal is to be removed, a master can be continuously formed on a transparent surface by, for example, laser printing or ink-jet printing. This master is then synchronously fed into an exposure unit to transfer the conductor pattern image from the transparent film to the photographic etch resist on the metal substrate.
To implement subtractive techniques, electrophotographic or magnetographic toner can also be used as an etch resist. Further, solder can be substituted as an etch-resist. More particularly, using techniques similar to those described above for ink-jet printers, molten solder can be directly raster scanned as solder resist onto the substrate.
In a related embodiment, information such as bar codes legends, datums and fiducials can be created by any ink-jet printer, laser printer or impact/dot matrix printer that will print on a web. This information facilitates implementation of statistical process control. For example, this information can be printed on the substrate by using the imaging means to label various conductive paths. Such labelling greatly simplifies identification of conductive paths so that accurate connection of the FIG. 3 FPW harness to the end system (e.g., see FIG. 4) can be attained.
In the exemplary FIG. 1 embodiment, after the conductor pattern has been imaged on the substrate, the substrate exiting the laser printer 4 is directed to a continuous roll plating stage 6. In the plating stage, the substrate is continuously transported through plating solutions such that conductive material (e.g., copper) plates the catalytic toner formed during the laser printing stage. The plating takes place catalytically only on the surfaces where an initial catalyst was located (e.g., electroless plating). If necessary, the metal traces which form the conductive paths can be thickened by electroplating over the electroless deposit.
As mentioned previously, exemplary embodiments can be implemented using both additive and subtractive formation of conductive circuitry on a substrate. For example, with additive processes, an FPW harness can be formed using a surface that is rendered catalytic for additive plating processes, as discussed above.
For additive processes, conductive paths can be formed on the substrate using the aforementioned known techniques, including ionographic plateable toner technology (PTT), electrophotographic plateable toner technology and magnetographic plateable toner technology. However, as described previously, it will be appreciated that the invention is not limited to the use of a catalyst which is subsequently plated. For example, if adhesive toners are used to implement the imaging of a conductor pattern either directly or indirectly, subsequent "tacking off" of metal from a sacrificial sheet is used to transfer a metal pattern for forming the conductive paths. Alternately, if the substrate is melted to image the conductor pattern, metal or catalytic particles are "tacked down" to create the conductive path.
As mentioned previously, conductive paths can also be implemented using known conductive inks. These conductive inks can be put down directly from a modified ink-jet printer thus combining the imaging and formation of conductive paths into a single stage.
For subtractive processes, conductive paths can be formed by chemically etching a substrate formed with a conductive layer, as previously discussed. Once portions of the metal substrate have been exposed, an etching step is initiated to etch away the exposed metal film. Thus, only the metal film covered by the resist remains on the substrate to form the conductive paths of the FPW harness. Continuous etching can, for example, be implemented following the transfer of resist to a metal laminate using either impact or non-impact techniques, as described previously.
In the exemplary FIG. 1 embodiment, the substrate is fed from the plating bath 6 through a quality control station 8 (e.g., inspection station) to a lamination station 10 which includes, for example, a hot roll laminator available from General Binding Corp. In the lamination station, an insulating protective cover 12 is formed with vias corresponding to contact points of the conductive paths. The laminate is then pressed onto the substrate as both the laminate and the substrate are unrolled.
A preferred embodiment for a single layer circuit is a protective layer on top of the conductive paths, which can be created by laminating a pre-routed insulative layer (i.e., corresponding to the conductor pattern) onto the substrate layer. Prior to the lamination, openings for component contacts or for path interconnections are provided in the insulative layer by routing/drilling processes similar to those described above for perforating the substrate.
In an alternate embodiment, a lamination film is cured in a pattern on the substrate by scanning a UV-laser on an uncured surface coating. The areas which are not cured by the laser light are subsequently developed away using a known, suitable developer solution to form vias in the lamination.
Electrophotographic or magnetophotographic toner can also be used to create the insulating layer. More particularly, the toner is printed in the desired pattern on the finished conductor layer and then brought to coalesce and cross-link on top of the circuit pattern to create a continuous protective surface with the necessary openings.
In another embodiment, several conductive layers can be formed on the substrate. For example, combining plating additive processes with the formation of a protective layer over each layer of conductive paths makes it possible to build up a multi-layer FPW harness in endless lengths. If several layers have to be laminated, a protective coating can be applied by: raster imaging of insulative toners, screen printing, roller coating with an adhesive or use of a conventional insulative layer after deposition of each conductive layer. The relative position of the layers can be maintained by tacking them down using adhesive dispensed in a manner described previously with respect to creating a tacky surface. Interconnection openings, or pads, between the layers can be formed through the multilayer structure using techniques as described above or by covering areas of the screen where interconnects are desired.
Solder can be reflowed on interconnection pads by applying it through a high temperature ink-jet printer. The molten solder flows into the interconnect holes of the multilayer circuit to electrically connect one or more conductive layers.
After the FPW harness has been formed with the conductive paths it can be cut, or slit, to permit folding to its final shape using techniques as described previously (e.g., water jet cutting, laser ablation, and so forth). FIG. 2 shows an extended length flexible conductor harness formed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 2, the harness includes a plurality of conductive paths formed on a common flexible substrate. Folds for final assembly can be put into the FPW harness, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.
The FPW harness shown in FIG. 2 can be cut or slit and then folded and/or rolled for shipment. Afterwards, the harness can be unrolled and (if not folded during manufacturing) folded in predetermined directions, as shown in FIG. 3. Because the harness can be of unlimited dimension in the raster scanned direction with which it was formed (e.g., from the left to the right of the harness in FIG. 2), subsequent slitting and folding of the harness permits unlimited fabrication of the harness in three dimensions. FIGS. 3 and 4 show that creating the FPW harness by raster scanning, slitting and folding permits creation of a printed circuit harness having unlimited dimensions.
To effect the slitting operation in the exemplary FIG. 1 system, the laminated substrate 14 is transferred to a cutting station 16. Here, cuts are made in the substrate, as described above, to form harness branches. These branches, such as branches 18 and 20 in the FIG. 1 harness, can subsequently be folded to form a three-dimensional harness. In an alternate embodiment, the cuts can be made during formation of the conductive paths, in which case the laminate is formed over only those portions of the substrate which constitute the final FPW harness assembly.
It will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that the present invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The presently disclosed embodiments are therefore considered in all respects to be illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the invention is indicated by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and all changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalents thereof are intended to be embraced therein.
Patent Citations
Non-Patent Citations
Referenced by
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text: By Greg Hunt On the back section of the McGrath homestead located just north of Crown in southwest Isanti County sits a BMX practice track. From that workout spot to prime bicycling race tracks across the U.S.A., Elliot McGrath has made his name known. McGrath, 19, currently holds the top amateur po...Read More

subset: commoncrawl


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Remember the good ol' games that changed you2votes I like it
Baldur's Gate 2 Complete
cscrieciu0 says: I remember waiting for this game to appear... Much more eagerness than nowadays games.
Broken Sword 2: Remastered
cscrieciu0 says: This kept me awake nights on end
Broken Sword 3: The Sleeping Dragon
cscrieciu0 says: I was a little older when this appeared but still... a good game
Carmageddon Max Pack
cscrieciu0 says: One of the first gory driving games I saw on the PC. Instant love :-)
Commandos Ammo Pack
cscrieciu0 says: Incredible game. No comment
Dreamfall: The Longest Journey
cscrieciu0 says: Immersive story although short and somewhat lacking in puzzle complexity.
cscrieciu0 says: I failed a few exams on account of this. Worth every one of them. Me and my friends never laughed so hard while playing a game since...
IL-2 Sturmovik™: 1946
cscrieciu0 says: Got my first joystick just to be able to land the darn things ;-)
Thief™ Gold
cscrieciu0 says: Brilliant!
cscrieciu0 says: Good game. I was a Conjurer
Heroes of Might and Magic® 3: Complete
cscrieciu0 says: Flawless!
Simon the Sorcerer
Treat your GOGmix as your child - name it! ;)
Coming up with a cool and descriptive title should be your first priority. Being original is in your best interest - bet you wanna get lots of nice votes, right? Go all crazy if you want, but be sure to keep it civil!
So, what are the ingredients?
Pick a game that belongs in your GOGmix from the list, or find it by typing something in the text field. Relevance is key here - Earthworm Jim doesn't quite fit the "Sexiest heroines of all time" bill now, does it?
Justify your choice... Or not!
OK, so it's not required, but now that you went through the trouble of adding a game, telling everyone why you did it would be a nice finishing touch. After you're done here, add another game, rinse, repeat.


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As of Sunday, June 2, 2013
© Copyright 2015 Clayton News Daily
Legendary soccer player Mia Hamm once said that success breeds success.
So where does the success that breeds success begin?
And not just work for the sake of working. We're talking about hard work. The kind of work that not only makes you sweat, but can also make you hurt.
It's the kind of work that travels with a companion named sacrifice. Blood, sweat and tears are the lubricants that keep work a well-oiled success machine.
In sports terms, it's what separates the champions from the challengers. The trophy hoisters and championship ring wearers from the postseason television watchers.
And I'll tell you something else that work is — easily underestimated.
As I enter my third season covering high school sports (Wow! I can't believe it's been that long already!) one thing that has become clear to me is that hard work, championship caliber, and title-winning work, is one of those things that's easy to talk but hard to walk.
During the preseason of every sport I cover, I always end up asking each athlete or each team of athletes what their goals for the season are.
And inevitably, I almost always get the same reply: state championship.
They mean it when the say it. The seriousness in their eyes is powerful. They don't smirk or smile or flinch as those two words escape from their lips.
It's the goal that everybody wants, but at the end of a long season only one individual, one coach or one team is left standing.
I love what new Dutchtown football coach Kevin Jones had to say on the matter.
"It's one thing to say you want a championship, but there's a different kind of work involved to get there," Jones said. "If you don't have someone on your staff that's been through it, it's tough. When you do, it's special because those guys know what it takes to be competitive. That stuff is contagious."
But I love what Jones did even more.
Right before Day 2 of spring practice, Jones, who before coming to Dutchtown spent several seasons as the architect of one of the state's stingiest defenses at Lovejoy, sensed that his Bulldogs needed a little something to help bring the talk of toughness, work and winning to life.
So right before they lined up for drills, in walks Travis Custis, Zane Fields, Nathaniel Norwood and several other seniors from the back-to-back state runners up Lovejoy squad.
Fields talked about passion. Norwood shared some of his tricks of the trade that made him an all-state nose tackle in 2012 despite carrying the size of a safety or linebacker. Custis riled up the Dutchtown players with an impassioned speech about pumping iron and getting strong in the weight room.
It left Jones with goosebumps and put fire in the belly of the Bulldogs.
"Day 2 of our practice looked like Day 9 or 10," Jones said. "It was unreal. It literally made my flesh crawl to see it. I wish I would have filmed it. In 20 years of coaching those were probably some of the greatest motivational speeches I've ever heard."
One thing Jones told me that probably stuck out more than anything else was how the graduating group of Wildcats — the most successful senior class in Lovejoy history — responded to a 55-0 shellacking against Newnan during their freshman seasons.
"They came together, looked me in the eye and said they'd never take a butt whipping like that again against anybody in the state of Georgia," Jones said. "And over the next three years I watched them work that out. They shared that with those kids and it lit them up."
Now to see if the Bulldogs can keep that fire burning through a 10-game season.
Oops, I'm sorry coach. That's 15.
"Fifteen is our goal. That's the common denominator," Jones said. "I'd be lying if I said we just want to win region and maybe get to the playoffs. I want game 15. Until we get there and win it, I'm not satisfied. I want the Dutchtown players, parents and administration in the Dome playing for a state championship. I love Lovejoy and I appreciate my time there, but I don't wear any of my Lovejoy rings anymore.
"The next ring I put on will say Dutchtown."
Then after a long pause he added, "I've got some work to do."
Gabriel Stovall covers sports for the Clayton News Daily and Henry Daily Herald Newspapers. You can contact him at firstname.lastname@example.com. Follow him on Twitter @GabrielStovall1
More like this story
- A Family Affair ( December 15, 2012 )
- OFFENSIVE PLAYER OF THE YEAR: Travis Custis ( December 25, 2012 )
- STOVALL: Last season's loss fuels Lovejoy's quest for redemption ( December 11, 2012 )
- Offensive line quietly paving Lovejoy's way ( December 6, 2012 )
- Local players represent state in all-star football game ( January 3, 2013 )


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WholeFoods Magazine SourceBook: The Natural Products Directory
Mushrooms are sold in every produce department, but are they in your supplement aisles? Medicinal mushrooms should be right there as options for keeping your customers strong and healthy. The mushrooms most Asian cultures have been using for thousands of years are currently growing in popularity in the United States with advances in medical research. With immune systems enhancers, heart health supporters and diabetic aids, mushrooms can offer your customers much more than just being another topping on a slice of pizza.
As brain health has a sizable influence on quality of life, it's no wonder that supplement manufacturers have taken up the mantle of expanding the category. It's also no surprise that consumers, for their part, are flocking to these brain boosters like they do their multivitamins and heart health supplements.
In the United States, heart disease is responsible for nearly one in four deaths each year (1). It's a given that taking care of the heart is one of the most important things a person can do to ensure good health throughout life. But, how to do so from a nutritional standpoint is a complex topic, and one that deserves our attention.
Taking care of household pets is a lot like taking care of small children, in that they simply cannot do it for themselves. Domesticated animals have had many of their instincts and much of their responsibility for their own survival replaced with the loving care of their owners. This, of course, means that their human caretakers must go the extra mile if these animals are to be as healthy as they can be, and good pet owners understand this.
Do you remember The Jetsons and their futuristic method of eating? They took one pill that contained all their nutritional needs for the day and off they went. Although this look into the future turned out to be less than literal, the nutritional pedigree of green food supplements may leave you wondering if flying cars and robotic housemaids are just around the corner.
In many ways, the name of the game in retailing is keeping up with new trends. Here, we discuss one of the hottest segments in the natural products channel: antioxidants. Thanks to their free radical scavenging capabilities, these important nutritional aids benefit many aspects of health. And, shoppers have taken notice and are actively seeking out antioxidant formulas.
While some greet the arrival of spring with joy, others regard it with dread. These people can be seen stocking up on tissues, and they often look afraid to go outside. Those with seasonal allergies and asthma are in constant search of relief. Some allergies, meanwhile, wreak havoc year-round, as symptoms are always close at hand. Your allergy-stricken customers will certainly benefit from understanding their conditions better. They'll also be in line to thank you if you can offer them natural herbs and compounds to help them stay symptom free.
Did I just catch you yawning? If your energy levels are lagging, you're in good company. Perhaps this is why there are 11,000+ Starbucks and 6,700+ Dunkin' Donuts locations across the country!
Shoppers should know that caffeine isn't their only option for helping them wake-up and focus. Many important natural means—be they supplementing or adjusting the diet—can help us feel more alert and ready to welcome the day.
It is well acknowledged by now that passive solutions like fat-burning super foods and dietary supplements are at best a third-tier solution to maintaining a healthy weight. The first two rungs on that ladder? A sufficient amount of routine exercise and a well-rounded, nutritious diet with an eye toward moderate calorie intake, in no particular order. What weight management supplements can offer is a leg up to individuals that are truly dedicated to their personal weight goals.
Who would have thought one of the hottest foods could also be the most soothing? Capsaicin, the compound in hot peppers that gives them their kick and pepper spray its burn, has become increasingly used in pain-support aids and weight-management supplements.
all products


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Volunteer Spotlight
- Laverne & Bill Brown
Laverne & Bill Brown are an integral part of the workings at the Independence OH office of the ALA. » More
- Elaine Schlageter
She's not a medical professional, but trust us, Elaine Schlageter knows asthma. » More
- Jim Erdenberger
Volunteer Jim Erdenberger, RRT, delivers Asthma 1-2-3 in-services to school personnel, coaches, members of the faith community and other community organizations serving children in the Richland County area of Ohio. » More
- Thomas Farrington
Thomas M. Farrington, senior vice president and chief information officer at Perrigo, has been elected to the Board of Directors of the American Lung Association of the Midland States. » More
- Tamaray Fosdick
Nashville recording artist, Tamaray has partnered with the American Lung Association of the Midland States. Proceeds from downloads of her single "Something Amazing" will support research and programs to fight lung disease. » More
- Robin Grant
A talented and amazing volunteer, Robin Grant has a long and distinguished record of service to the American Lung Association beginning while she was a college student and the reigning Miss West Tennessee. » More
- Brian Henn
Brian Henn, Westerville, is the proud owner of a 2013 Porsche Boxster thanks to his Hole-In-One Monday at the Fairways for Airways Buckeye Celebrity Golf Classic held at the Ohio State Golf Club on April 22. » More
- Jim Howle
Jim Howle, world reknown clown make-up artist brought the Tennessee's Year of Smiles calendar to life. » More
- Anne Hydock
Anne Hydock has worked hard because everyone has the right to breathe clean indoor air. » More
- Mike Kuntz
Since leaving the American Lung Association staff in 2009 to start the Bourbon Chase, a 200 mile relay race through Central Kentucky, Mike Kuntz has remained engaged in the ALA work and mission. » More


text: Mark Scheifele has grown in size, confidence and experience and now the 19-year-old centre says he's ready to play in the NHL — if the Winnipeg Jets agree. "Overall, I think I've been working over the summer, working through the year, just to get faster, just to get stronger," he said Monday. Last season, the Jets gave Scheifele a shot but decided he wasn't ready for the NHL and sent him back to junior with the Barrie Colts.


text:
A download is an electronic file which is sent from my site's computer, to your computer.
Downloads and printed manuals are separate items. Please read the item's description to make sure that you are ordering the right version of the manual. If the downloadable version is not in the site yet, email me and I will be glad to get it in the site for you. NOTE: Nothing will be mailed to you when you purchase a download and downloads must be paid for with a credit card. It is the approval of the credit card that releases the download. Customers with phones and tablets have been having problems receiving the downloads. Please plan on receiving your download on a plain old fashioned computer.
Authorized reproduction of the users / instruction manual for a Viking Husqvarna 2000 colormatic system sewing machine. It is a round bobbin sewing machine and the manual covers many of its basic attachments and the built in buttonholer. It has basic information, cleaning and oiling and some troubleshooting information as well as information on its built in and cam based stitches. Our reproduction of this item is duplex laser printed in grayscale. The pages are coil bound so it will lay flat when opened and it has protective plastic covers.
Contact us!
1457 N. Nottawa St.Sturgis, MI 49091United States
Updated Monday, July 06 2015©1995-2015 TIAS.com All rights reserved.


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TV Info
Episode PremiereJanuary 03, 2010
GenreAnimation, Comedy
Show Period1989 - now
Production CompanyFOX, Gracie Films, Film Roman Productions
Cast and Crew
DirectorMichael Polcino
ScreenwriterMitchell H. Glazer, Don Payne
Main Cast
- Dan Castellaneta as Homer Simpson (voice)
- Julie Kavner
- Nancy Cartwright as Bart Simpson (voice)
- Yeardley Smith
- Harry Shearer
- Hank Azaria as Chief Wiggum / Moe Szyslak (voice)
- Pamela Hayden
- Tress MacNeille
- Karl Wiedergott
Additional Cast
- Mitch Albom
Grampa is sitting on a bench waiting for his family when a thoughtful-looking man named Marshall Goldman approaches him and asks to hear about his life. Grampa tells Goldman about the time he was on a World War II battleship, which was hit by an enemy torpedo, and Goldman, a human-interest columnist, publishes it in The Springfield Shopper. Later, Grampa meets Mitch Albom (guest-voicing as himself) and shares another story with Goldman for a follow-up article. Homer becomes jealous of Grampa's newfound fame and seeks a surrogate father. But when Homer discovers a draft of Goldman's third story, he must race to find Grampa before it is published and his life is changed forever.


text:
Reviewed so many times in this section, it is unnecessary to outline the characters or the plot. In ways, though they are succinctly and cleverly drawn, the people of this opus seem less important than the afterburn that follows reading "Choke". Sifted through this intricate maze of a sexaholic's dealing with his questionable heritage, his Alzheimer's stricken "mother", his meanderings through countless sexual encounters and interactions with a hooty group of friends...sifted through this are eloquent musings on where we are today, members of a world gone nuts, and what we can do to survive it. In Palahniuk's words: "Every ddiction, she said, was just a way to treat this same problem. Drugs, overeating or alcohol or sex, it was all just another way to find peace. To escape what we know. Our education. Our bite of the apple. Language, she said, was just our way to explain away wonder and the glory of the world. To deconstruct. To dismiss. She said people can't deal with how beautiful the world really is. How it can't be explained and understood". Beautiful writing like this in the background of a story of mental mayhem is indeed wondrous.......and it makes this book very much worth reading for just about any-thinking-body.
What did you think of this review?
Use Trust Points to see how much you can rely on this review.
"Art never comes from happiness." So says Mancini's mother only a few pages into the novel. Given her own dicey and melodramatic style of parenting, you would think that her son's life would be chock-full of nothing but art. Alas, that's not the case. In the fine tradition of Oedipus, Stephen Dedalus, and Anthony Soprano, Victor hasn't quite reconciled his issues with his mother. Instead, he's trawling sexual-addiction recovery meetings for dates and purposely choking in restaurants for a few moments of attention. Longing for a hug, in other words, he's settling for the Heimlich.
Thematically, this is pretty familiar Palahniuk territory. It would be a pity to disclose the surprises of the plot, but suffice it to say that what we have here is a little bit of Tom Robbins's Another Roadside Attraction, a little bit of Don DeLillo's The Day Room, and, well, a little bit of Fight Club. Just as with Fight Club and the other two novels ...


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We have some beautiful standard poodle puppies available, AKC registered, they have had their dew claws removed and tails are docked, puppies are current on vaccines and wormings, there are black males and females, chocolate males and females, chocolate...More info Email a friend
Cockapoo puppies, true first generation, both parents are AKC registered, puppies are CKC registered, 1 buff male available $600.00, 1 sable female, $800.00, puppies have had their dew claws removed and tails are docked, they are current on vaccines and...More info Email a friend
We have AKC registered lab puppies puppies available, male and female availalbe, white to light cream , and black silver factored, very social pups, thick soft coats, nice English blocky type, dew claws are removed, they are current on vaccines and...More info Email a friend
Imported Russian Male sired to our Croatian Female. One (1) beautiful female available. Can deliver to Columbia area.More info Email a friend
Golden doodles F1 10 weeks old 4 females and 3 males up to date on puppy shots and worming. Beautiful puppies mom is the standard poodle Dad is the golden retriever they are both AKC registered puppies will be CKC $850.00"More info Email a friend
(Puppies..Valley Bulldog and Yorkshire Terrier puppies.)....Valley Bulldog puppy..She is very sweet..Shot and dewormed..She is ready to go now..Do not miss out..Only 1 avail..Also we have 2 beautiful Yorkshire Terriers puppies (boys) avail.Go to www.stevenspets...More info Email a friend
CKC REGISTERED COCKER SPANIELS, MOM IS CKC REGISTERED, AND DAD IS AKC REGISTERED, I HAVE TWO LITTERS OF BUFFS, CHOCOLATES, AND CHOC/WHITE PUPPIES, MALES ARE 400 , THERE IS no girls left. CASH SALES ONLY, PUPPIES HAVE BEEN VET CHECKED AND HAD FIRST SHOT...More info Email a friend
Adorable mini aussiedoodles for sale! They have been raised on a farm around children and other pets. They will make be perfect for families or anyone looking for a loving companion. They are up to date on shots and dewormings. To loving homes only. Please...More info Email a friend
AKC Dachshunds Mini Long Hair Born 5-19, 1-dark red female, 2- black/tan dapple female , 1 male light red. UTD on shots and deworming, vet checked. 803-983-1667. $400.00.More info Email a friend
Silver/Gray Weimaraner puppies. AKC registered, first vet visit, tails docked, dew claws removed, dewormed. These dogs make GREAT pets and are great with kids. Available July 6th. $500 limited registration/ $700 full registration (breeding purposes)More info Email a friend


text:
Mofaz meets with El Al chiefs
Airline may hope for handouts as hotels, businesses received for damage from the war
Transport Minister Shaul Mofaz took a time-out from visiting missile strike sites in the north to check out El Al's facilities at Ben Gurion Airport on Monday. It is the minister's first visit to the airline's maintenance and offices at the airport.
Mofaz met with El Al chairman Israel Borovich and with its CEO, Haim Romano.
Two weeks ago El Al admitted that it would evidently be posting a loss for the year 2006, due to soaring fuel costs and the sudden blow to tourism from the hostilities in the north.
Presumably Romano and Borovich hope to leave the meeting with Mofaz with promises of government assistance, as has been promised to hotels and businesses in the north that have been slammed by the war. The airline has already asked for relief in its intensely heavy security costs.
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Spanish Portuguese Italian French Polish Russian Romanian Lithuanian Bulgarian Hungarian Dutch want
Estate Agents wanted to start ASAP!! No experience Needed £400 to £500 per week Our company provides housing and relocation services to enterprises and individuals in London and it is experiencing a continued success and growth. For that reason, w
- Permanent


text:
Honoring Youth In Digital Media
Celebration Dinner
Featuring The Korva Coleman Excellence Awards
KJZZ presents the Spot 127 Celebration Dinner recognizing youth for their achievements in digital media and featuring the national Korva Coleman Excellence Awards.
Spot 127 Celebration Dinner
Thursday, May 7
6:00 - 8:00 pm
Pera Club
1E. Continental Dr., Tempe, Arizona 85281
You can attend this invitation only event by sponsoring a table. As a table sponsor you will host six of your personal guests and one student with his/her guardian(s). Sponsors will receive six guest invitations and name or logo acknowledgement on their table and the main screen. This is a unique opportunity to support and encourage local students to succeed. Table sponsorship is $500.00.
Sponsor a Table or Make a Donation
For more information contact Linda Pastori, Associate General Manager, KJZZ Development by phone 480-774-8452 or email email@example.com


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The Arts Council Gallery at the Dinah Washington Cultural Arts Center
Art Talk with LaShonda Robinson
Tuesday, July 21st noon - 1 p.m. Free! Bring lunch and a friend!
Dinah Washington Cultural Arts Center
Open and available for event rentals!
Cultual Arts Center Donation
Thank you to Tuscaloosa
Rotary Memorial Foundation
Three year pledge for the Black Box Theatre
Jubilation Articles Online Monthly!
The National Endowment for the Arts and the Poetry Foundation have partnered with state arts agencies of the United States to support Poetry Out Loud, which encourages the nation's youth to learn about great poetry through memorization and recitation.
"High school students participate in classroom and school-wide competitions before the winners advance to regional competitions. The Region 3 competition is held at the Dinah Washington Cultural Arts Center in Tuscaloosa. Students reaching this stage will have their original poetry published in a chapbook produced by Slash Pine Press. The competition is open to the public at no charge."
Poetry Out Loud is facilitated in Alabama by the Alabama State Council on the Arts and regional coordinators which for region 3 is The Arts Council.
To find out how to get involved in Poetry Out Loud contact Sharron Rudowski at firstname.lastname@example.com or visit arts.alabama.gov.


text:
A man who faces more than a dozen criminal charges in Jefferson County had his bail revoked Tuesday after a judge decided he violated court-ordered pretrial release conditions.
Area fire departments responded to a house fire around 8:15 p.m. Wednesday. The fire caused East State Road 56 to be closed for several hours.
Shortly before 5 p.m. Tuesday, a large trash container caught fire on property located at 9769 State Road 7. Dupont Assistant Fire Chief Tom Johnson said the trash container contained wood, insulation and metal, allowing flames to reach eight to 10 feet above the top of the container at their peak.
Recent heavy rain has the Ohio River on the rise once again, but Madison Regatta officials are confident there will be a race this weekend.
Chris Tingle injured his knee shortly before this year's Hoosier Hills Conference championships. But rather than sit back and wave his senior year good-bye, he continued to battle and fell two wins shy of a trip to the IHSAA state finals.
CINCINNATI — After a long wait to get started, Anthony DeSclafani had a hard time doing anything quickly.
George and Alcia Manek of Hanover celebrate their 50th anniversary June 25. The couple exchanged vows June 25, 1965 at Scottsburg First Baptist Church. Rev. Richard Heck officiated.
Megan Elizabeth McSherry of Palatine, Ill., and Robert Riley Zink of Madison announce their engagement and September wedding.
Free event item listings must be in writing and hand-carried, mailed, faxed or e-mailed to The Madison Courier two weeks before the date of the activity or meeting. The Madison Courier is at 310 West St., Madison, IN 47250. Office hours are 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. Monday through Friday. The fax number is (812) 273-6903 and the e-mail address is email@example.com.
Summer campers cooled off during the Clash of the Titans: Greek Revival Olympics on Tuesday afternoon before the storms rolled into Madison.
Mark Johnson directs the Madison Community Concert Band in the group's "A Tribute to America!" concert. The 49-member band performed in the Brown Gym on Tuesday night after thunderstorms forced the concert inside.
Occasionally being the brunt of someone's nasty behavior doesn't feel good but is manageable. Having to endure a constant diet of being bullied is quite a different story.
This section will be updated Monday through Saturday once daily or as need arises. All information will be archived if the public would like to search it at a later date.


text:
Mobile device compatible. Connect with your smartphone or tablet.
Energy Star rated.
Print, scan, copy, and fax with this network-ready machine. Features print speeds of up to 24ppm, as well as double-sided printing, to ensure you can impress your clients and customers with consistently high quality documents. The eco-friendly and energy efficient MFC-7360N also helps busy offices to keep costs down.
Find supplies
You need a printer you can rely on, especially when your work's piling up – and the MFC-7360N won't let you down.
This network-ready multifunction machine lets you print, copy, scan and fax multipage documents. Be more efficient with print speeds of up to 24ppm and double-sided printing, and impress your clients or customers with consistently high quality documents.
Download the product leaflet for more information about this model.
For the latest drivers, manuals and other support materials
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NEW YORK, Aug. 25 /PRNewswire/ -- HBA Global Expo (www.hbaexpo.com), the leading product development event for the cosmetics, fragrance, personal care and well-being industries, has announced the finalists of its Annual International Package Design Awards (IPDA). From among these finalists the Category Winners and the Grand Award will be announced at the HBA Global Expo & Conference taking place September 15-17, 2009 at the Jacob Javits Convention Center in New York.
As the longest running package design awards in the beauty industry more than 200 entries were submitted by major brands, niche players and indie companies. The following finalists in were chosen by a The Committee of 100 made up of packaging professionals, designers, suppliers and members of the media:
Cosmetic Mass
Cosmetics Prestige
Fragrance Mass
|SOURCE HBA Global Expo
Copyright©2009 PR Newswire.
All rights reserved


text:
Specialty Appliances
Showing results 1 – 8 of 8.
Stainless Steel Finish, LED indicators, Makes up-to 28lbs of Ice Daily, No Plumbing Required, 15-30 Minute Operating Cycle
Includes 25 Popcorn Bags, Measuring cups, Popcorn scoop. Choose between black or red, makes roughly 3 gallons of popcorn per batch
Horizontal or Vertical Mounting Options, Stainless Steel Crushing Blades, Restaurant Quality
Fry Fresh, Frozen and Battered Foods, Adjustable Digital Timer, Adjustable Temperature Controls up-to 400°F, Dishwasher-Safe Bowl and Basket, 1500W Infrared Technology
Fry Fresh, Frozen and Battered Foods, Convection and InfraredTechnology, Adjustable Dial Timer and Temperature Controls, 1400 Watts
Tofu Kit, Recipe Book, One-touch Operation, Cool-touch Handle, Easy-pour Spout, LED Indicator Light.
Variable Temperature Settings, Teflon Coated 13" Griddle, Ladle, Rake, Spatula, Recipe Booklet
1800 Watt, Digital Timer, Electronic Over-Heating Protection, 300°F Temperature Range, Auto Safety Shut-off


text:
Supplement Facts
Serving Size: 1 Capsule
Servings per Container: 120
|Amount Per Serving
|% Daily Value
|Relora® (Propriteary Blend of Magnolia officinalis and Phellodendron amurense bark extract).
|250 mg
*Daily value not established.
Other Ingredients: Whole rice concentrate, food starch, vegetable cellulose capsule, corn starch, magnesium stearate and silica.
Do not take if pregnant Keep your licensed health care practitioner informed when using this product.


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Online travel hits $35B
Gian Fulgoni discusses the online travel space and how digital commerce performed in Q1 on CNBC Exclusive. Ver
State of the U.S. Online Retail Economy in Q1 2015
In this presentation, comScore Chairman Emeritus & Co-Founder Gian Fulgoni and comScore VP of Marketing & Insights Andrew Lipsman take an in-depth look at the year's online retail trends and what they mean for retailers going forward. Leer más
The frontrunners in e-commerce
Gian Fulgoni on CNBC Exclusive discussing digital commerce in Q1 . Ver
Real challenge for TV is audiences being split
Gian Fulgoni on CNBC discussing digital ad spending and the threat to traditional television content. Ver
Gian Fulgoni Relishes Neverending Search For The Solution
We hear a lot about data science in advertising nowadays. But Gian Fulgoni may have been the trade's original "Maths Man". At university, he studied for a physics degree first and a masters in marketing second. Ver
A Digital Update, By the Numbers
Download this presentation from our Co-Founder and Chairman Emeritus, Gian Fulgoni, that he presented at the Local Online Advertising Conference in March 2015. Leer más
Mobile commerce growth on fire
Mobile commerce growth 'on fire': new comScore data reveals mobile accounted for 60% of all online shopping in the fourth-quarter. Ver
Time spent online by the numbers
Gian Fulgoni talks about the digital media impact of mobile and provides insight to the time we spend on digital platforms. Ver
How Walmart & Target are winning mobile
This past holiday season nearly a quarter of online shopping was done using a mobile device – meaning it's no longer OK for a retailer to have a good web site – they also need to master selling via smartphone. So which retailers are winning the mobile war? Yahoo Finance asked comScore co-founder Gian Fulgoni and while some of the usual suspects... Ver
Half Of Biggest Publishers Have Viewability Problem: comScore's Fulgoni
Over the last couple of years, the digital advertising industry has woken up to the problem of fake ad views, in which ads served by a publisher are not really seen by genuine consumers. If you thought "premium" publishers are off the hook, think again... Ver


text: Tetlin Unincorporated CDP in the Southeast Fairbanks Census Area Community Details Incorporation Type Unincorporated CDP Area Type Community Current Population 131 Population Comment 2014 Department of Labor Estimate Pronunciation tet' linn Borough/Census Area FIPS Code 240 Place FIPS 76590 Economy Subsistence Yes Residents Age 16 and Over 74 Residents Employed in 2013 49 Residents Employed (%) 66 Employed in all 4 Quarters (%) 41 Employed in Private Sector (%) 47 Employed in Local Gov. (%) 51 Employed in State Gov. (%) 2 Resident Wages in 2013 ($) 826,775 New Hires 25 Unemployment Insurance Claimants 29 Local Labor Market Info URL http://live.laborstats.alaska.gov/alari/index.cfm?r=3&b=24&p=322&goplace=go Economy - Fisheries Participation and Earnings CDQ Participant No CQE Eligible No All Fisheries, Permit Holders 0 All Fisheries, Permits Issued 0 Economy - Fuel Prices Fuel Price Data Month January 2015 Gallon of Heating Fuel ($) 3.05 Gallon of Propane ($) 3.50 Election, Recording, and Judicial Districts Senate District C Senator Click Bishop (R) House District 6 Representative David Talerico (R) Judicial District 4 Recording District Fairbanks Facilities and Amenities Broadband Internet Available Yes Broadband Cell Phone Services No Cell Phone Service Available Yes Max Upload Speed Available 768 kbps to 1.5 Mbps Max Download Speed Available 768 kbps to 1.5 Mbps Geography and Climate Location Tetlin is located along the Tetlin River, between Tetlin Lake and the Tanana River, 20 miles southeast of Tok. It lies in the Tetlin National Wildlife Refuge. The village is connected by road to the Alaska Highway. Community Map Available Yes Map URL http://commerce.alaska.gov/dnn/dcra/PlanningLandManagement/CommunityProfileMaps.aspx Latitude 63.1372 Longitude -142.5161 Climate Tetlin falls within the continental climate zone, characterized by extreme temperature differences. The continental climate zone encompasses most of the central part of the state and experiences extremely cold winters and warm summers. In the winter, cold air settles in the valley and ice fog and smoke are common. Extreme temperatures have been measured from -71 to 99 °F. History and Culture History The semi-nomadic Athabascan Indians have historically lived in this area, moving with the seasons between several hunting and fishing camps. In 1885, Lt. H.T. Allen found small groups of people living in Tetlin and, to the south, in Last Tetlin. The residents of Last Tetlin had made numerous trips to trading posts on the Yukon River. In 1912, villagers from Tetlin would trade at the Tanana Crossing Trading Post. During the Chisana gold stampede in 1913, a trading post was established across the river from Tetlin. When two trading posts were opened in the village during the 1920s by John Hajdukovich and W.H. Newton, residents from Last Tetlin relocated to Tetlin. A school was constructed in 1929, and a post office was opened in 1932. The 786,000-acre Tetlin Indian Reserve was established in 1930. An airstrip was constructed in 1946. When the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (ANCSA) was passed in 1971, the reserve was revoked. Tetlin opted for surface and subsurface title to the 743,000 acres of land in the former reserve. Culture Due to the community's isolation, the residents are able to pursue a traditional Athabascan culture and lifestyle. Indigenous Language Upper Tanana Federally Recognized Tribe Yes Name of Federally Recognized Tribe Native Village of Tetlin ANCSA Village/Urban Corporation Tetlin Native Corporation Municipal Powers Local Option Restrictions Ban sale and importation of alcohol. Regions Borough/Census Area Southeast Fairbanks Census Area Native Regional Health Care Provider Tanana Chiefs Conference, Department of Health Services ANCSA Regional Non-Profit Tanana Chiefs Conference School District Alaska Gateway School District DCRA Alaska Region Interior Region Climate Region Continental Taxes Transportation Transportation Tetlin is located along the Tetlin River and the Alaska Highway, about 220 miles southeast of Fairbanks. Tetlin has a state-maintained public airport with a gravel runway in good condition. The village also owns and maintains a turf airstrip. Scheduled and charter flights are available from Tok. Many residents own cars, trucks, skiffs, and snow machines for hunting, fishing, and hauling wood. Harbor/Dock No State Ferry No Cargo Barge No Road Connection Yes Coastal No Housing - 2010 Census Total Housing Units 62 Total Households 43 Family Households 29 Average Household Size 2.95 Total Occupied Housing Units 43 Total Vacant Housing Units 19 Occupied Housing Units (%) 69.4 Owner Occupied Units (%) 83.7 Renter Occupied Units (%) 16.3 Vacant Housing Units (%) 30.6 Vacant Due to Seasonal Use (%) 57.9 Census Population History Population in 1890 17 Population in 1900 0 Population in 1910 0 Population in 1920 0 Population in 1930 34 Population in 1940 66 Population in 1950 73 Population in 1960 122 Population in 1970 114 Population in 1980 107 Population in 1990 87 Population in 2000 117 Population in 2010 127 Population by Age - 2010 Census 19 or Younger 45 20 to 64 71 65 and Older 11 Median Age 31 Other Population Characteristics - 2010 Census Population by Gender: Female 57 Population by Gender: Male 70 Percent Native, Alone or in Combination with Another Race 90.15 Income - 2009-2013 ACS 5-Year Estimates Per Capita Income 10,088 Per Capita Income - Margin of Error +/-3,972 Median Household Income 21,875 Median Household Income - Margin of Error +/-36,648 Median Family Income 36,250 Median Family Income - Margin of Error +/-13,915 Poverty - 2009-2013 ACS 5-Year Estimates Population for whom poverty status is determined 128 Total Population - Margin of Error +/-58 Persons below poverty level (%) 23.40 Persons below poverty level (%) - Margin of Error +/-16.1 All Individuals below 125 percent of poverty level 64 Persons below 125% of poverty level - Margin of Error +/-41


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When I think of a Mexican that's "big as shit!" I don't think of Antonio Banderas. First of all, he is a Spaniard, not a Mexican, and secondly, he's just not big. I don't know what Steve Buscemi was thinking with that whole story in Desperado. Of course, I, like almost everyone else, must think of Danny Trejo. You know, the quintessential big bad Mexican, usually with a knife, that most people would refer to as "that big, ugly, Mexican guy?" The one that isn't Edward James Olmos. He's finally getting the chance to have a real big starring role, even though he's 65 years old and has been an actor for 24 years.
Think about that for a second. He has done cartoon and video game voices, been in almost 175 movies and TV shows, and yet none have really been starring roles. That alone makes Machete special. The fact that this new movie will stem from a comical fake trailer that was part of Grindhouse makes it even more unique. Though I was really hoping that Eli Roth's Thanksgiving would be the one to be turned into a movie, I'll be more than happy with with a full-length Machete film. The good news is that it has been picked up by Sony for distribution in almost every market it will be shown. We Hispanics need more lead roles in films, even if they include that whole bullshit knife-wielding stereotype. Speaking of which, I have to go sharpen my sword collection.
Why NeNe Leakes Left The Real Housewives
21 minutes ago


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Compared to their pre-training assessments, people who had received the computerized cognitive training were better able to distinguish between the words they had made up themselves and those that had been presented to them. Furthermore, analyses of the MRI data revealed they also had increased activity in the part of the brain (the medial prefrontal cortex) that governs these decisions.
"Interestingly, greater activation within the medial prefrontal cortex was also linked with better social functioning six months after training," Subramaniam said. "In contrast, patients in the computer games control condition did not show any improvements, demonstrating that the behavioral and neural changes were specific to the computerized training patient group."
What this suggests, said Vinogradov, is that "the neural impairments in schizophrenia are not immutably fixed but may be amenable to well-designed interventions that target restoration of neural system functioning."
The study "sets the groundwork for what could be a new treatment approach in psychiatric illness a new tool we could use in addition to medication, psychotherapeutic approaches or cognitive behavioral approaches," she said.
|Contact: Jason Socrates Bardi
University of California - San Francisco


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School district receives $400,000 in energy rebates from PenLight
More rebates to come after final numbers are in.
Peninsula School District received a $400,000 rebate check from Peninsula Light Company for energy-savings upgrades it made at five schools. PenLight was expecting to give another check to the school district of as much as $100,000 once all the numbers are audited.
The projects, which cost $1.675 million, included lighting upgrades at Peninsula and Gig Harbor high schools, Key Peninsula and Goodman middle schools and Harbor Heights Elementary. Failing boilers were also replaced at Goodman and Harbor Heights, and a new heat pump was installed at Peninsula.
The rebate went toward the cost of the projects, which were also funded by a $500,000 energy-savings grant from the state Legislature. PSD was one of 59 school districts around the state that received the competitive grants. The remainder of the cost was covered by money the district had left over from 2003 capital projects that received matching state funds.
"There's no way we could have done it on our own," said PSD budget and accounting officer Vicki Smith. "It was great to be able to partner with Peninsula Light and the state."
Money for the Peninsula Light's rebates comes through the Bonneville Power Administration, and the utility passes the rebates down to its customers through various residential and commercial programs.
"Bonneville has regional conservation goals and money to do that, and we get our share of money from them that we pass along," said Ray Grinberg, the utility's power resources director.
The retrofits, which were based on energy audits at the five buildings, were done over several months and completed this past August. They are estimated to save the district about $100,000 per year. Much of the savings will go toward offsetting a power rate increase that will come in effect in April.
The contractor Ameresco Quantum, which has done similar projects all over the state, will monitor the performance of the upgrades for three years.
"The bills don't tell the whole story … We look at the bill and the detailed conservation measures including the power consumption of the light fixtures and the efficiency of the heat pump and the boilers," said Mike O'Connor, Ameresco Quantum vice president of the Northwest region.
Grinberg said the school district could get another rebate of as much as $200,000 for upgrades at its other buildings.
"We have money in our budget available for them to do the rest of the projects," he said. "… We feel it needs to be done in 2012 because code changes may force some things to happen that will take away the rebates."
The older fixtures, T-12, will no longer be manufactured after next year and by 2013, the more efficient T-8 will become standard. The rebates encourage commercial customers to make that switch sooner.
"We want to partner with the school district as our valued customer. The more money they can spend on education instead of electricity, the better we all are," Grinberg said.
O'Connor noted that another round of funding from the Legislature will be available for similar projects next year, although it's a smaller pot of money. "It may be a good opportunity for the district to replace some of the old T-12 fixtures," he said.
The district is looking into those grants, according to Smith, but a decision has not been made yet about applying. The grant applications are due in February.
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Former Jim Wells/Brooks County D.A. takes plea deal
Joe Frank Garza will be ordered to pay $2.16 million in restitution
ALICE - Former 79th District Attorney Joe Frank Garza took a plea deal Monday for suspended prison time for illegally paying himself and his employees more than $2 million from his office's drug forfeiture fund.
Garza, who represented Brooks and Jim Wells counties for about 16 years, pleaded guilty to misapplication of fiduciary property, a first-degree felony.
His sentencing is set for May 6.
As part of the agreement, Garza, 64, will be sentenced to 10 years in prison, which will be suspended for 10 years probation.
He will be ordered to pay a $10,000 fine and $2.16 million in restitution.
He also will voluntarily give up his law license.
Assistant Attorney General William Tatum said he also plans to ask that Garza serve six months in the Jim Wells County jail as a condition of his probation.
That issue will be decided at the later hearing by visiting Judge Tom Greenwell.
Garza, who had about a dozen supporters in the audience, declined to comment.
His attorney Sam Fugate said he would argue that instead of jail time the judge should consider other options for Garza such as house arrest.
The Texas Attorney General's Office began investigating Garza in 2009 after an audit showed Garza spent more than $4.2 million of the forfeiture fund from 2000 through 2007 on trips to casinos and extra pay for his staff, among other things.
Between 2002 and 2008, Garza used forfeiture funds for himself and to supplement employee salaries without approval, according to the indictment.
The audit after Garza left office showed that about $2 million went to Garza's employees as salary supplements. Three secretaries received more than $1 million during a five-year period from the drug forfeiture fund, according to the audit.
State law doesn't allow district attorneys to use forfeiture funds to supplement their salaries or those of county employees without the approval of county commissioners. Garza didn't seek approval and improperly used the forfeiture funds for his and others' financial gain. He also didn't submit budgets to county commissioners for approval, which also is required by law, according to a news release from the Attorney General's Office.
Garza lost a re-election bid for the seat in 2008 to Alice attorney Armando Barrera.
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Question: what would be the best resource for plating ideas?
July 19, 2010
There are some good videos (free) on YouTube. Try searching for Food Plating Techniques. I also never buy a cookbook that does not have excellent photos! If I've never made it before, how will I know if it looks right? I browse multiple magazines for not only recipes, techniques and articles- I look for the pictures too! Some of the ones I browse (both online and in print) are: Food and Wine, Bon Appetite, Gourmet, Martha Stewart, Eating Well, Simple, Donna Hay, Savuer, ect. Most are available at the library too.
Watch some of the Cooking shows on TV. There are some great techniques to be learned- and they are demonstrated live for you. Browse restaurant menus online- they often have pictures too.
July 21, 2010
Food Photographers always have amazing plating photos for you to study. Generally follow the rule of thirds for a pleasing arrangement. Visually divide the plate into thirds, like a peace symbol, and place one item in each section. Vary colors, textures, and heights for interest. Think about having bright colors - greens, reds, yellows, oranges, etc. Use lettuce leaves under white products like potato salad for example to add color to the plate. You almost always see a sprig of mint on a dessert to add a pop of color. Get creative and have fun!
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- while in china town in san francisco i used to buy what were known as 100 year old eggs. Man thyey were great,it seems like that would be an easy thing to buy on line!!Any suggestions??
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The village of Herkimer will seek funding under the Community Development Block Grant program for an upgrade of its municipal pool and for a "smart" water meter system.
The village board conducted a hearing on the grant proposals Friday afternoon. No village residents appeared at the hearing, but Jeremy Silverman, senior project manager with Grant and Essential Management Services, discussed the proposals and asked if there were suggestions for other projects.
The pool is in need of an upgrade, according to Deputy Mayor Katherine Nichols. In addition to the need for handicapped access, the restrooms, locker rooms, showers and even the entryway and the lifeguard chairs all need to be upgraded.
The proposed water system upgrade would replace ageing water meters and an inefficient meter reading system with a new computerized system. Nichols said the village is losing revenue due to inaccurate readings and defects in meters are not detected in a timely manner. A computerized water meter system would save manpower hours, increase revenue and offer accurate readings.
Asked if the village would have to provide matching funds for the grants, Silverman said there would be no matching funds for the water meter. For the pool, the village is seeking a New York state parks development and planning program grant through the Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation and Silverman hopes to secure funds through the block grant program to cover the village's share of the project.
Trustee Anthony Brindisi said he had some ideas for improving Herkimer's Main Street. Silverman said there is funding available for this type of project.
Nichols said the village was awarded a 2004 Small Cities Grant for Main Street improvements, but some of the business people who had expressed interest in the project left and others backed out. Individual businesses would have had to provide matching funds to receive money from the grant. Some did take part, she added. Some put up awnings and one business owner took out a long-term loan through the program and painted his building.
Brindisi said the idea he has is to develop the 100 block of North Main Street by closing it off to vehicles, taking out the median and opening Albany Street to two-way traffic. He suggested this might appeal to small businesses, but added he did not have the expertise to determine if this would be feasible or how it could be done.
Silverman said there is funding available for technical assistance.
Nichols asked Brindisi if he had seen the report from the National Historic Trust and suggested he obtain a copy from Scott Petucci of the Herkimer Now organization.
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The Revolution is NOW
Welcome to the most comprehensive resource on the internet for learning how to play a 3 string cigar box guitar.
Packed Full
Don't just take my word for it though, have a look around for yourself, starting with the two big ones.
The Starter Pack is a complete method for learning to drive your 3 string cigar box guitar.
88 seperate videos, nearly 10 hours in duration, over 50 pdf files, audio files, jam trax and more in two separate courses for fretted and fretless 3 string guitars.
More experienced players will also want to check out The Blues Pack, a comprehensive method for blues improvisation on a 3 string guitar.
Musician, professional educator and specialist in online training, Patrick Curley has made a concrete and significant contribution to the Cigar Box Guitar community. Check it out.
Supporting the Killer Blues Headstone Project
I'm brand new to this and need to get started, take me to The Starter Pack
I can get around my instrument OK but I want to learn to improvise and play the blues. Take me to The Blues Pack. Vive La Revolution
There are many ways to make your learning more successful in an online course. One of those is by connecting with myself and other players to discuss how we're going and to help each other out.
This year I'm starting a new initiative Connect. It all starts at the Forum where you can, amongst other things, register for the LearnCigarBoxGuitar Connect community on YouTube.
To find out more....
Take a look inside
From the Blues Pack
Content Feed
Learning Music, A Journey in Listening - The First Step
Nobodys Fault
Buying a Cigar Box Guitar
Step by Step
Not quite there yet
The Starter Pack Slidin' course
Your free ebook
This short eBook will help you demystify the playing of chords on a 3 string guitar.
Here's an independent review on cigarboxnation.com from a Starter Pack subscriber
Why Study Online ?
- Instant access to your course materials
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Your feedback is crucial to the success of this site and the resources here. And of course there's something in it for you. Please read on..
In early October, 2014 I was bitten by the Cigar Box Guitar bug.
So, I built a 3-string CBG. Not sure how I got to that piont.
I've been making my way througn the original sliding course and have enjoyed it a lot.
Just completed the Starter Pack over the last two months.
Very impressed with this CBG Starter lesson pack.


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1.Preheat the oven to 425 degrees.
2.Grease a baking dish/ casserole with olive oil and sprinkle some bread crumbs on the base.
3.Take a large bowl and mix together rice,tomato sauce with basil and mozzarella.
4.In the baking pan layer 1/2 of the rice mixture, top it up with half of the smoked provolone and half of the salami.
5.On top of this sprinkle half of the Parmesan cheese.
6.Repeat the layering process starting with the rice and use all the rest of the remaining ingredients.
7.Give a generous spread of eggs, Parmesan and the bread crumbs.
8.Finally add cold cubed butter on top.
9.Bake in the oven for about 35 to 40 minutes till it is browned and bubbly.
10.Serve generous helpings straight from the baking dish.


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It might not be the slickest-looking site, but what it lacks in looks it certainly makes up for in savings. The site helps you find cheap or free alternative landline numbers to use so you don't pay out a fortune stuck on hold trying to call a company on a dastardly 08 number.
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