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A method for employing utility-supplied information relies on two schemes for accommodating such pricing information. All subsystems in a building function based on the individual controller responsible for that subsystem and the user-defined predetermined responses stored in memory. Direct load control and user overrides are allowed. Where appropriate, a setback is applied across subsystems that operate on setpoints, and other loads are add/shed based on their value vis-a-vis interpreted utility pricing information signals.
1. Method for cooperatively controlling individual user premise subsystems each of which is controlled by controllers, said method comprising:
receiving information signals from a utility provider at the user premise,
Interpreting the information signals to provide a value to the controllers,
making the interpreted signals available to controller processors which control subsystems in the user premise,
for a processor receiving said interpreted signal which has access to and employs information in memory regarding setback profiles for its subsystem, then having such processor locate a value match in the setback profile memory locations for the value indicated by said utility information signal, and then controlling its subsystem with that matching value by using the matched values to generate a setback delta value and forwarding it as a signal to the subsystem controller, and
for a processor which accesses tier information in a memory location for its controlled subsystem (such subsystem's energy usage state being called its controlled state), then having such processor compare the predetermined tier value of such subsystem to the information signal provided by the utility, and if the subsystem value is greater, doing nothing with regard to changing the control state of such subsystem, else changing the control state of such subsystem.
2. A Method for cooperatively controlling a community of individual user premise subsystems each of which is controlled by controllers on a substantial portion of said community of user premises, said method comprising:
sending information signals from the utility provider for the community which contains at least one of the following values: DLC, tier, time, real-time and price,
receiving said information signals from said utility provider at the user premise,
interpreting the information signals to provide a value to the controllers,
making the interpreted signals available to controller processors which control said subsystems in said users' premises, and
if a processor receiving said interpreted signal has access to information regarding setback profiles for its subsystem, then having such processor locate a value match in the setback profile for the value indicated by said utility information signal, and then controlling its subsystem with that matching value by using it to generate a setback delta for the subsystem controller and providing it to said controller, and
if the processor is one which does not access profile information for its subsystem, then having such processor compare the predetermined tier value of its subsystem to the information signal provided by the utility, and if its value is greater, doing nothing, else turning off the subsystem for which it is responsible.
3. A Method for cooperatively controlling a community of individual user premise subsystems each of which is controlled by controllers on the user premise, said method comprising:
sending information signals from the utility provider for the community which contains at least one of the following values: DLC, tier, time and price,
receiving said information signals from said utility provider at the user premise,
interpreting the information signals to provide a value to the controllers,
making the interpreted signals available to controller processors which control subsystems in the user premise,
if a processor receiving said interpreted signal is responsive to DLC commands, then causing said responsive processor's subsystem to respond to said DLC command if it is contained in said interpreted information signal, else,
if a processor receiving said interpreted signal has access to information regarding setback profiles for its subsystem, then having such processor locate a value match in the setback profile for the value indicated by said utility information signal, and then controlling its subsystem with that matching value by using it to generate a setback delta for the subsystem controller and providing it to said controller, and
if the processor receiving said interpreted signal is one which does not access profile information for its subsystem, then having such processor compare the predetermined tier value of its subsystem to the information signal provided by the utility, and if its value is greater, doing nothing, else turning off the subsystem for which it is responsible.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein the user's selection of an override request for override of incoming DLC signals allows the controller to ignore an incoming DLC signal.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein only some controllers on the user premises may allow override requests.
6. The method of claim 4 wherein the user premise interface to the utility reports to the utility any time a user has overridden a DLC.
This invention relates to reducing energy costs (in conjunction with time-of-use pricing with rates that vary according to energy costs) and has particular application to home control and building control in general and is useful in areas supplied by electric utilities that wish to engage in demand side management of their area. It is particularly addressed to add/shed and direct load control and pricing profile setback control, both with individual processors for subsystems to which such load control may be applied, and for distributed load control.
As it becomes more expensive for electricity providers to increase generation, distribution and transmission capacity, a number of strategies for coping with increasing electrical demand have emerged. One of these is called demand side management in which the users of electricity themselves are adapted to reduce the amount of electricity they use during times of peak power usage as well as in other similar situations. The invention herein provides a way to adapt users of electricity to reduce their demand through add/shed, direct and setback profile strategies which can be applied in real time and in cooperation with consumer needs. Thus by communicating the (time-of-use) energy price rate or tier or other information signals via an interface to a control system within the customer's premises, the control system can reduce the energy consumption within the premise during times when the cost of energy is high. The utility, in turn, can reduce the necessary generating capacity for a given area.
Previous ways to deal with related problems of reducing energy consumption in buildings using add/shed strategies, or in general, are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,510,398; 4,916,328 and 4,909,041. Nevertheless there is no reason why this invention could not be used in non-residential buildings or even in industrial processes that consume electric power, provided that an add/shed load strategy makes sense.
FIG. 1 is a conceptual block diagram of one form of the preferred embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 1A is a conceptual block diagram of another preferred embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 1B is a conceptual block diagram of a bus oriented structure for the preferred embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a conceptual block diagram of the power supplier's or company's interface to a controller in one preferred embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a two-dimensional overview diagram of a house which may be employed having a number of systems controllable in accord with one of the preferred embodiments of the invention.
FIG. 4a is a model of the display used by one embodiment of this invention.
FIGS. 4b-r (there is no FIG. 4j) are ordered sets of displays in accord with one embodiment of this invention available to the user through the display illustrated in FIG. 4a.
FIG. 5 is a flow diagram illustrating how a preferred embodiment uses the add/shed strategy to adjust to incoming signals.
FIG. 6 is a partial example profile list representing a heating system for use in a house in accord with a preferred embodiment of this invention.
FIG. 7 is a another profile list in accord with another preferred embodiment of this invention.
A controller for controlling the energy-consuming equipment and systems in a building The controller, through receipt of information from a utility, is able to control the energy using apparatus in a way which will reduce energy costs at utility peak demand periods. The controller sends price tier information to the individual controllers for add/shed-able loads (also called subsystems). The controller for the setback profile handler also operates on signals from the utility. Each of these processes related to loads contains or has access to information indicating the appropriate action that the load(s) they are responsible lo for should take based on whether there is a user override and whether there is direct utility control as well as on tier information.
All the add/shed decisions will occur based on the predetermined information about the value of the particular processor's load stored in memory associated with the system.
The setback decisions will be based on the relationship of the profile-stored values vis-a-vis the tier value. In a memory, the controller stores price point profiles that contain information indicating the appropriate setpoint-delta, or setpoint limit for each system under the controller for each price point. A price point may be considered a tier, a rate change or rate, or a critical change. Some of this information may be time related and some may be real-time driven by the utility service provider.
The controller in the building will have a gateway for communicating the tier and DLC signals to the controller from the utility. A significant amount of variability is available to the designer employing the invention described herein, which should only be considered limited by the claims.
FIG. 1A describes a control system 10b including a controller 110, the system 10b having in the preferred embodiment a user interface 120 (which may be connected to the power line through another controller 120c via lines 120b or directly through 120a). The controller 110 preferably includes memory subsystem 14, load control interface 15 and power line interface 40; each of which communicate with a processor 16, either through direct connections or via a controller bus like bus 5. In the preferred embodiment, a communications interface to the utility (called an External Interface) EI 130 is connected to the controller through power line interface 400. The controller 110 may send output signals to load L1, and the user interface 120 as desired by the user for controlling the load that is controlled by the controller 110. Many such controllers 110 to 110n may be included on the power line 400 and each operates to add/shed its load(s) independently.
In one embodiment, the controller 110 may be enhanced and have the benefit of local information for making its decision regarding adding/shedding loads or other tasks it might be assigned. In this Fig., this is illustrated by having a local temperature sensor Ts and a local current sensor Is provide signal input to a current and temperature interface TII which, in turn, can communicate these signals in an intelligible manner to the processor 16 via bus 5.
Controllers for using setback profiles are discussed with reference to FIG. 1. FIG. 1 describes the control system 10 consisting of a controller 11 which, in the preferred embodiment is organized to include a user interface 12, memory subsystem 14, heating plant interface 15a, air conditioner interface 15b and power line interface 4; each of which communicate with a processor 16, either through direct connections or via a controller bus 5. In a preferred embodiment, a communications interface to the utility (called an external interface) 13 is connected to the controller through power line interface 4. The controller 11 may send output signals to heating plant 15a, air conditioner 15b, other systems 6 and 7, and the user interface 12 as desired by the user for controlling the various systems that are controlled by the controller 11.
A preferred bus structure for setting up the interfaces between the controller and the other components is described with reference to FIG. 1B. A number of companies currently provide a universal interface for home control, for example "H-Bus™" (a product available through Honeywell Inc, of Minnesota) which here could operate as controller bus 81. This bus would allow for communications of data and control signals between the various components that may be attached to bus 81 (here, for example, actuator 18 and H-Bus interface 91). The H-Bus™ system, for example, provides for a DC balanced, limited set of code words which all systems may read and which only appropriate systems will react to. Alternative busses are well known and, as the art develops, new busses will become known and the most efficient bus for the appropriate situation should be employed by the designer.
In the illustration of FIG. 1B, H-Bus™ interface 91 merely provides for communications between two busses, 81 and 82, where bus 82 may be, alternatively, another H-Bus™, or perhaps even a power line used as a bus. The bus 82 side of interface 91 will, of course, have to be adapted to the particular situation. In this situation, for example, controller 17 could connect directly to bus 82 if it were an H-Bus™, and interface 91 would not be needed.
The external interface 86 to the utility 85 in the preferred embodiment interfaces with a utility provided coaxial cable 84 although there are many ways the utility pricing signal could be fed into the system 8 (for example, RFI 86a could receive RF signals). Likewise, fiber-optic cable or the power lines themselves may be used if desired.
In some embodiments this communication can be two-way, to also provide data back to the utility. The utility may use such a system to determine which customers have active overrides of DLC signals, for example.
Many different forms of external interface may be employed without going beyond the scope of this invention and these are described in more detail below with reference to FIG. 2. The controller 87 (11) resides on both a serial bus 82 and on the power line which here is also used for communicating data. The user interface 12 preferably also resides on the same serial bus 82. A power line interface (PLI) (which may also be provided to all communicating systems on the power line) will, in the minimum configuration for using a power line interface, provide signals from the controller through the power line 83 to systems that function through power line controllers (for example, LSM controller module 88 which controls load 89). In the simplest case, a light (which might be load 89) could be turned on or off at various times of the day or according to various other factors taken into consideration by the controller 88. Many other configurations based on this example should be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in this art.
Referring now to FIG. 2, potential forms of interface from the power company 20 to the controller 11 are described. Each one of these has strengths and weaknesses which may be overcome by others. A telephone line 25 may connect an interface 13a to the controller in a house or in a building, for instance, or a direct line 21 may go directly to the interface box 13d which connects to the controller 11. If the power company opts to send signals through the power lines 24 themselves to interface box 13b, a number of problems may develop with the carrying of such signals through the transformer network currently employed by electric utility companies, for example. Some combination of power line and radio wave signals may be employed such as, for instance, having a radio receiver at every transformer in a locality wherein the radio receiver would send an appropriate signal over the power lines after the transformer into the individual's houses or buildings or, a small area may be blanketed in which each house has a box 13c with an antenna 13d which receives RF signals from an output antenna 23 from the power company on line 22. As with the previous two diagrams, many combinations of the above will occur to the designer of ordinary skill in the art without leaving the scope of this invention. In the presently preferred embodiment, the utility signals the user's facility/home/building via a coaxial cable. This signal is transferred into the facility's internal power lines, where a power line interface receives the signals.
In general, any value laden signal could be called a "tier" signal. So, for example, if the utility provider sent signals corresponding to real-time price data, the processor would have to be modified to respond to such data rather than to a "tier" level signal. It is presently felt that the simplicity provided by using a limited number of tier signals affords use of simpler processors and for that reason it is preferred. The practitioner of ordinary skill can easily adapt this invention to any type of consistent signaling mechanism.
FIG. 3 has a collapsed floor plan of a house 30 and pool 40 showing various subsystems 31-39 and 41, which are controllable through the use of this invention. The air conditioning subsystem 31 and the furnace or heating subsystem (preferably electric) 34 generally will work together through a thermostat (not shown). In sophisticated houses a vertical-blind-turning motor or curtain-moving motor 32 could be provided to reduce heat load or increase heat load provided by the sun on rooms in a building through a window. However this invention is preferably applied to, for example, various lighting subsystems which may be controlled individually such as plant lights 33 in an arboretum, exterior security lights 38a and 38c and exterior pool lights 39a-c. A hot water heater 35, washer/dryer 36, refrigerator 37 and pool pump 41 provide other examples of subsystems which may also be controlled by use of this invention if desired.
Briefly referring back to FIG. 2, it can easily be seen that various controller interfaces such as 13a, 15d, 13b and 16 may be employed for controlling these subsystems of the user's homes.
For example, the security light system 38a and 38b (FIG. 3) may be turned on at all times during the evening hours, regardless of cost, in a high-crime neighborhood. Likewise, beyond a certain price tier or level, the pool pump subsystem 41 and outdoor pool lights 39a-c would likely be turned off (shed) any time price of power for them reaches a certain tier. As would occur to the reader, there may be times that an owner/occupier of a building space would prefer to override a standard program and this can be included as well.
Some systems of the typical house however, will preferably have their setpoints adjusted rather than either being simply turned on or off based on the price point provided by a utility. The most common example currently would be the heating and air conditioning system in the typical residential home or commercial building. Typically, setback thermostats have become well distributed within the United States and are well known elsewhere. These thermostats allow for programming by the occupant to accommodate his schedule. The simplest version would have two modes or periods, a high and a low, but most have at least four. These have been called various things but commonly may be referred to as period: WAKE, LEAVE, RETURN and SLEEP, which may roughly be interpreted as warm up the house in the winter because the occupant is waking, the occupant is leaving so reduce power consumption for maintaining the comfort in a space, the occupant is returning and wants a higher level of comfort, and the occupant expects to be asleep and therefore a different temperature and comfort level is required. An exemplary unit is produced by Honeywell Inc. and goes by the trademark "Magicstat™", and provides these four modes for the occupant to program.
The invention herein, with reference to this subsystem of heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) control may operate at various levels of complexity depending upon the subsystems and controllers available in the house or building. For use with the add/shed load control, even the duty cycle may be adjusted, but in the simplest form it merely determines whether the load will be turned off or left alone.
FIG. 5 describes how the signals provided by the utility company are incorporated into a preferred embodiment system 60 with add/shed control. When the signal comes in from the utility (or at any other time chosen by the designer as appropriate to the task so long as it is close enough in time to the utility signal to be efficacious), the first load (or the next in line in the sequence, or all load processors at once if organized in parallel) gets set to an ENABLED condition and the Override condition gets set to FALSE. This process 61 may be accomplished on a processor in controller 110 in FIG. 1 or by a centralized processor which could be, for example, associated with the user interface 90 of FIG. 1A. In the preferred embodiment all the processes 61-69b are performed on a processor like processor 16 of controller 110 and the enabled and override conditions are set centrally by setting a network variable.
So, by way of example, process 62 is a process which checks the value assigned to the network variable (i.e., that collection of data signals that is stored in memory for the control system network which represents a particular load or is used by all the load controllers) and, after determining its value, assigns the processor's next process call to either process 63 if the value is "ON" (or enabled) or to process 66 if the value is "OFF" (or disabled). This kind of thing is well within the lo grasp of the ordinary practitioner in the art and is most commonly done in software within the controller unit 110.
An exemplary platform for interprocessor communication, handling network variables and other tasks is provided under the tradename "LONWORKS™" by Echelon Corporation of California. Their processor units, called Neurons™ could also perform the processes described for the load controller herein described.
Going through the FIG. 5 diagram then, if the value for the load under consideration is ON, process 63 then checks for whether there is an active direct load control (or DLC) signal from the utility. A DLC signal is an indication by the utility that it needs to exercise direct control ("Direct Load Control") over electricity usage. If this signal (again, most effectively maintained as a network variable after it's initiation into the system through a utility gateway such as EI 13 of FIG. 1), is inactive, in the preferred embodiment, then process 69 checks to see if the signal specifies or indicates a higher tier than the load under consideration and if it does, process 69 signals over 69a to indicate that the load should be shed or turned off (process 66). Otherwise this signal goes via route 69b to initiate process 68 to turn the load on or keep it on. However, before turning off the load, route 69a is taken leading through process 65b.
Process 65b checks to see first if there is a pending override request (preferably by checking a network variable) and then checks to see if overrides are allowed (on this load or at all, depending on how the user configures his system in cooperation with the utility). If, and only if both questions are answered affirmatively, then process 68 is activated. Otherwise process 66 is activated, turning the load off.
If the DLC (process 63) is "ACTIVE", then a different process is initiated. First, the process 60 checks to see if the duty cycle for its load is 0 (zero). If it is, by definition, that means the load is off (even though it's enabled) and the next process is either to turn the load off or simply restart a timer process 67.
If there is a duty cycle, process 65a checks for override requests and whether they are allowed as did process 65b. Based on the same criteria, it may activate process 66 or process 68. (If so desired, for loads to which the concepts of duty cycle is irrelevant, process 64 may be eliminated but it is preferred here since it is accomplished with a convenient programming step.
While not preferred, changing the duty cycle time for responding to recently supplied tier information signals may be done instead, or even setpoint offsets might be used in appropriate circumstances.
As an additional feature, an override request is something decided between the utility and the user. This is an accommodation to the needs of both. For example, if the user cannot afford to have the lights turned off in a part of his plant, say, during a growth cycle for some bacteria he is growing, he can negotiate with the utility provider to either put that room, via its controller, into the highest tier, which will cost something the utility and user agree to. Alternatively, the user could maintain an override, or exclude DLC from the particular subsystem altogether. If the price is too steep for the value, the consumer/customer may agree to put his lights on a cycle timer 67 that only kicks in at the highest price (for example). If the value of keeping a set of lights on is not so great, but there are certain times at which the consumer will want to keep them on, say during a pool party, the appropriate adjustment would be to allow for the utility to control the pool light load through a DLC signal, but if the rates merely climb, to allow for a user override that stops the process from shutting down these lights at times when the rates are high. This is the level of control available through the addition of processes 65a and 65b to the preferred embodiment wherein the user may negotiate whether overrides of DLC are allowed.
In general, for using the setback profile, the system may function in one of two ways. First, it may require a list of setpoints for each controlled subsystem (furnace, air conditioner, lighting systems, refrigerator cycling time, etc.) for each price point or tier which the utility may provide. Second, it may simply maintain a list of offsets for each price-point.
For the example of the first, refer to FIG. 6 in which the profiles for four levels; A, B, C and D corresponding to low price, medium price, high price and critical are shown for the furnace. For purposes of explanation, assume this is electric furnace 34 and air conditioner 31 in house 30 of FIG. 3. Zone 1 may be the bedrooms. For user convenience, it may be called "Master BR" or some other mnemonic chosen by the user. Zone 2 may be the kitchen and zone 3 may be the dining room area. Each one of these profiles A-D should exist for each mode available to the user. In those illustrated in FIG. 5, the sleep mode is the only mode indicated. Thus, if the occupant expects to be sleeping, the temperature preferred for the bedroom at the lowest price point available from the utility (Price-Low) would be 68� for the bedrooms in this user's most desirable comfort. The kitchen and living room are not being occupied and therefore a cooler temperature may be perfectly all right for this user, 60� Fahrenheit for zones 2 and 3, respectively. This example assumes wintertime weather in which the outdoor air temperature is, perhaps, 20� Fahrenheit. Profile B shows the setpoints for the heater in the sleep mode at the medium tier price. Profile C shows the three-zone setpoints in the sleep mode at the high price point. If the utility provider so desires and there are peak demand periods which must be dealt with and users who don't deal with them through this demand-side management must pay an exorbitant price may be summarized in the profile critical--D, which in the sleep mode allows the bedrooms to reach 60� Fahrenheit and the living room and dining room area to reach 48� Fahrenheit. If a critical tier is employed by the utility provider, it may specify the setpoints itself.
For an example of the second method of profile usage, see FIG. 6 in which again a partial layout of profile (here A, B, A1 and B1) is shown to demonstrate the concept employed here. FIG. 6 contains two mode partial profile sets; A, B for a "WAKE" mode and A1, B1, to contain the information for the first two price levels for the "AWAY" mode. In this second method, note that a single offset is applied to the entire set of subsystems affected.
It is anticipated that this might, in the ordinary homestead, be limited to one or two subsystems, i.e., the HVAC and perhaps the hot water heater. In such cases where the first applications of this invention are likely to be found, it seems most advantageous not to add the memory to hold different offsets for different zones. Accordingly, this is the presently preferred embodiment.
In the FIGS. 4a-r, a user interface panel 50 contains a display area 51, a set of four soft keys 52a, b, c, d, and two hard keys 53, Select and Back. Various configurations for data on the display 51 may be provided by other designers but in the preferred embodiment, arrows or other symbols 55 indicate the functions of the soft keys 52a-d by reference 56 associated with each such symbol 55. Where a display merely indicates information about the user's options, such as a help screen, a display configuration such as that shown in FIG. 4c may be provided in the preferred embodiments. In other cases, information 57 and a zone name or message 54 is preferably provided on the display 51 as in FIG. 4a. For ease of explanation, keys 52 and 53 contain information regarding their function which would not generally be available to the user. (For example, in FIG. 4a, key 52a has two "+" signs indicating that the function of softkey 52a is to increase the amount of warmth, and key 52b has two "-" signs to show that the amount of warmth should be decreased and that the setpoint should be reduced. These "++" and "--" keys will not be on the user touch pad but are included in these drawings to provide redundant information to the reader in order to facilitate the grasp of the inventive concepts of this document).
The use of softkeys allows the user to control it without requiring a complicated or expensive user interface such as a general-purpose computer. However, general purpose computers or other interface devices may be used if desired. Also if desired, the utility may provide for the actuation of particular profiles within individual spaces or homes directly, but this would require such a utility to maintain an active database and provide a method by which the users could modify that database to their own desires on some kind of acceptable basis.
Other symbols drawn onto the keys such as in FIG. 4b indicate that a display is available at another level. N/A would indicate that that particular key cannot perform any function with this particular display. N/S indicates a feature not shown or described.
Stating with the display on panel 50, the user is provided with "options" to review schedules and profiles by selecting softkey 52a "month-to-date-electric bill" by 52b, "energy rate adjustments" by 52c, and "help" by key 52d. In this level the user may go back to the display of FIG. 4a by pressing the key 53 "back". No other options are available to the user from the panel as set up in FIG. 4b.
In FIG. 4c, a help screen would be the result of the user selecting softkey 52d in FIG. 4b. By selecting key 53 "select" the user would be moved to review the display of FIG. 4d which concludes the information available for this help function.
Moving on to FIG. 4d (the next level inward), the user would then select key 53 "back", leading him to the display illustrated in FIG. 4e to review the schedules and profiles. Another help screen is available by selecting key 52d at this stage, and a connection to the controller may be had by the user by selecting key 52c. FIGS. 4f and 4g show the help screens available from FIG. 4e. FIG. 4h shows an electric bill. FIG. 4i shows the user what this means. FIG. 4k shows the user what his energy rate adjustments are for heating and cooling, allows him to select more energy rate adjustments by pressing key 52d, or changing the adjustments for the heating and the cooling by selecting softkeys 52a-c. Only the "high" rate setting is shown in these figures.
In FIG. 41, the user is allowed to go back to factory settings if desired. In FIGS. 4m-p, this is all explained (a "help" function).
By use of a simplified user interface such as the one described in these figures, user options may also be limited if desired, but they are not in the preferred embodiment. For example, in FIG. 4q, it can be seen how the user would adjust for the high adjustment for the option of FIG. 4k.
In FIG. 4r, the user can be shown that he is trying to exercise control beyond the limits agreed to between himself and the utility. The display of FIG. 4r, in the preferred embodiment, will appear whenever the user attempts to go beyond his pre-agreed limits. This type of display may be used for other than profile out of bounds commands too. For example, the user may attempt to override a DLC signal at a time or for a load for which this is not permitted under the agreement with the utility. In such event a screen that says "direct control of this load is not permitted at this time" would be an appropriate form of message.
Having set out the various elements of the system and how the interface with the user should operate in a preferred embodiment of the invention and described how a multiplicity of alternative arrangements may also be preferred and within the scope of the present invention, a detailed descriptive of the interactive operation of the system can be had.
While the FIGS. 4a-r provide a generalized set of displays for interfacing to a control system, other options are available.
Using an interface like the display of FIGS. 4a-r for add/shed control are convenient for complex systems, however, a less expensive alternative is available. If the user, for example a home owner, has only one or two systems that require or are amenable to load/shed control, he may prefer to simply interface directly with the load controller (LSM of FIG. 1B, [Direct Control Interface DC and Switch SW] 1A). For this purpose, a user interface consisting merely of a switch/button, or other user control could activate or deactivate any of the features described with reference to the processor's of process 60 in FIG. 5. To avoid any user contact, the utility may, if preferred, simply agree to install a hard-configured controller that, for example, does not allow for overrides or that controls through overrides through process 65b. A myriad of combinational variations occur to those of ordinary skill in the art when presented with these options.
To describe the interactive operation of the system vis-a-vis the user and utility, an example of add/shed control follows. If at 12 midnight an electric utility were to pull substantial load generation capacity offline, say, for maintenance, it would then send out a "top tier" signal over whatever communication pathway (FIG. 2) has been selected by the power company 20 to the utility interface to the customer's home, building, business or industrial facility (external interface, i.e., 13, FIG. 1 and 1a). A controller (which may be located in box 80 or 90 for instance) receives this information over bus 17 or directly from the external interface 13, it puts this out as a network variable to the add/shed controllers 110-110n. Each of the add/shed controllers then (after time-out is complete if one were pending) executes the processes described with reference to FIG. 5, starting at process 61.
The invention should not be considered limited, except as set forth in the following appended claims.
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The Life and Adventures of William Buckley; Thirty-Two Years a Wanderer Amongst the Aborigines of Then Unexplored Country Round Port Phillip, Now thePaperback
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This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can usually download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1852 edition. Excerpt: ... CHAPTER II, DISCOVERED BY NATIVES.--VISIT THE TRIBE.--ALARMED BY SEA ELEPHANTS.--NATIVE GRAVE.--FOUND NEARLY DEAD BY NATIVE WOMEN, WHOSE HUSBANDS MAKE ME PRISONER.-- FIGHT.-- CORROBBERREE.-- UNEXPECTEDLY FIND SOME VERY EXTRAORDINARY RELATIONS. --THE FIRST PALET6T. ANOTHER BATTLE, IN WHICH MEN AND WOMEN ARE KILLED. BODIES BURNT. CHALLENGE TO FIGHT GIVEN AND ACCEPTED.--ELOPE- MENTS, AND THEIR CONSEQUENCES. "He stood alone, --beneath the deep dark shade Of the Australian forest, where the trees, A century old the youngest of them, made HoUow and mournful music in the breeze." Onr day when I was indulging in these meditations, and gazing round from my Robinson Crusoe hut upon the surface of the waters, I thought I heard the sound of human voices; and, on looking up, was somewhat startled at seeing three natives standing on the high land immediately above me. They were armed with spears, and had opossum skins thrown over their shoulders, partially covering their bodies. Standing as they did, (c)n au elevated position, armed too, and being myself C totally defenceless, I confess I felt alarmed; so that hoping I had not been seen, I crept into a crevice in a rock near at hand, where I endeavoured to conceal myself. They were however soon upon my track, and shouting what I considered to be a call for me to come out, I resolved to do so; indeed I could not have remained there long on account of the water. With but faint hopes of meeting with good treatment at their hands, I crawled out from my shelter, and surrendered at discretion. They gazed on me with wonder: my size probably attracting their attention. After seizing both my hands, they struck their breasts, and mine also, making at the same time a noise between singing and crying: a sort of...
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subset: commoncrawl


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Michael DeNicola
Before you jump up my ass for the article's cover photo, please note that it is only a reflection of how I feel at the moment.
Being a fan of the Flyers means I'm capable of only one thing; watching the Flyers.
I can't motivate from the bench or in the locker rooms. I can't lead by example on the ice by scoring, hitting or giving 110% effort. I can't pick and choose my lines and decide when to give them their reps.
All I can do is sit. Watch. Shake my head. And - simply put - observe one of the more hopeful seasons I can remember disappear before my very eyes in a disgraceful, disgusting excuse for a hockey game.
After going down 2-goals to none only 1:03 into the 1st period, our Philadelphia Flyers made absolutely zero crack to comeback. The tilt was already over in its fetal stage. We just didn't know it yet.
As the misery dragged on, the Boston Bruins punished the Flyers on the score board and the hitting department. Blurs of black & gold streaked across the television set, coming in focus once their target was brutally eliminated.
Kris Versteeg got his ass trumped a few feet behind Philadelphia's blue line by a barreling Daniel Paille deep in the 1st which seemed to set Boston's physical tone for the remainder of regulation. Instead of getting the disc out of our zone, Versteeg accepted a pass off the boards, mind-numbingly stopped his advancement up the ice and took a textbook blow off the puck.
It was an embarrassing moment for a city's team nicknamed "The Broad Street Bullies".
From then on it was nothing but Bruin goal after Bruin goal. They seemed to shower like shovels full of dirt ontop of a murdered mafia member sunk in an unmarked grave.
The reactions from the Philadelphia bench was that of a conquered army. And I use the term "conquered" very loosely here, because in order to conquer an adversary there must be a time period filled with some sort of stuggle coming from the lesser opposition.
The Flyers didn't struggle. They hemorrhaged like a lifeless soldier cut down by a hail of gunfire.
Yesterday I wrote that Game 3 was Do Or Die even though losing the match did not technically mean being eliminated from playoff contention. However I still stand by those words. This may seem like Deja Vu to a handful of you, but make no mistake...
...this is not last year's team.
This is certainly not last year's Boston Bruins either. If you think Tim Thomas is going to allow four unanswered games slip by him during this unbelievable Hall of Fame season he's having....well then hats off to you and your faith.
The Flyers had a chance to answer after going down 2 - 0 in this series. Especially since they had a lot of positives and momentum from Game 2 heading to Beantown. Instead, we see another goalie change. We see another piss poor defensive effort. We see another unmotivated offensive front. We see a final score, 5 - 1.
(Meszaros spared us from being shutout....again)
Time to play the Blame Game
After having every 8-month old high expectation wrenched from your gullet in a matter of 60-minutes, fans tend to look for the person to point the finger to.
I'm human. So I was doing the same thing. Only I don't have enough fingers.
When the final second clicked off the game clock my mind was racked with emotions. My mission was to consolidate them all and form one argument. But the fact of the matter is, this humiliation hangs heavy on every pair of shoulders in the organization.
I blame.....everyone.
Where was the leadership? Where was the drive? Do these pricks even want the Cup? What kind of coaching is that? How many effing times can you fail to pass the puck before you learn it may have been better to put the puck on net in the first place? Why is it that season after season teams have shown by example that a proper #1 goaltender WINS YOU GAMES but our front office habitually shrugs it off like dandruff? How many times can you give the same postgame excuse before it cannot even be labeled an excuse any longer? How do you explain this team's depth in the talent pool, yet its prominence in failed execution?
The list of questions can go on and on and on.
But still, the fact remains that this season is still not over yet....in principle. So I'll cut the head off this blame game and save it for when it's time to take off the gloves.


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When the hammer drops, cursing works for me. Who's to say a mantra has to be so Zen?
Get a sneak peek at the latest update to this core neutral cushioning shoe!
We caught up with the former U.S. 10,000m record holder.
Leo Manzano accepts his award for 2012 Running Performance Of The Year.
Watch as Galen Rupp accepts his award at Endurance Live.
All seven starters set an indoor personal best.
Amy Hastings accepts her award for female running performance of the year.
Check out this week's Rad Runs!
Watch this story of determination and inspiration!
We learn a lot more from the bad days than we do from the good ones.


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Guantanamo Topics
Democracy Now! has regularly covered the stories of those imprisoned at the U.S. detention facility located in Guantánamo Bay, Cuba, since former President George W. Bush began the so-called "war on terror." The first captives arrived at the detention camp on January 11, 2002.
- On the 11th anniversary of Guantánamo Bay's use as a prison for foreign detainees, we air a Democracy Now! exclusive interview with Sami al-Hajj, the only journalist held at Guantánamo. The Al Jazeera cameraman was arrested in Pakistan in December of 2001 while traveling to Afghanistan on a work assignment. Held for six years without charge, al-Hajj was repeatedly tortured, hooded, attacked by dogs and hung from a ceiling. Interrogators...January 08, 2013 | Story
- The Obama administration has filed an emergency appeal of a federal judge's decision to block a controversial statute that gave the government the power to carry out indefinite detention. Judge Katherine Forrest ruled against a provision in the National Defense Authorization Act, or NDAA, authorizing the imprisonment of anyone deemed a terrorism suspect anywhere in the world without charge or trial. A group of journalists, scholars and...September 18, 2012 | Story
- The Supreme Court has refused to hear any new Guantánamo appeals even though half of the men being held were cleared for release five years ago. Critics of Monday's decision say it leaves the fate of prisoners — many of them long cleared for release — in the hands of a conservative D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals, which has constantly sided with military prosecutors and refused to order the release of any prisoner. The high...June 12, 2012 | Story
- The military tribunal established to prosecute the five leading suspects in the September 11th attacks opened this weekend at Guantánamo Bay. During a nine-hour hearing on Saturday, the five prisoners refused to enter pleas on murder and terrorism charges, or to talk or listen to the judge, in what one of their lawyers explained was a "peaceful resistance to an unjust system." Defense attorneys say the trial for the five leading...May 08, 2012 | Story
Journalist Chris Hedges Sues Obama Admin over Indefinite Detention of U.S. Citizens Approved in NDAAPulitzer Prize-winning journalist Chris Hedges has filed suit against President Obama and Secretary of Defense Leon Panetta to challenge the legality of the National Defense Authorization Act, which includes controversial provisions authorizing the military to jail anyone it considers a terrorism suspect anywhere in the world, without charge or trial. Sections of the bill are written so broadly that critics say they could encompass journalists...January 17, 2012 | Story
- Ten years ago, Omar Deghayes and Morris Davis would have struck anyone as an odd pair. While they have never met, they now share a profound connection, cemented through their time at the notorious U.S. military prison at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba.January 12, 2012 | Columns & Articles
- Detainees at the U.S. military base at Guantánamo Bay launched a hunger strike today marking the prison's 10th anniversary, inspired in part by U.S. activists who have called for a national day of action. "They will be staging a series of peaceful protests that will involve sit-ins with signs and banners in the part of the prison that has communal areas, as well as hunger strikes," says Ramzi Kassem, counsel to a number of...January 10, 2012 | Story
- On the 10th anniversary of when the United States began detaining terror suspects at its Guantánamo Bay military base in Cuba, we speak with a former prisoner and the ex-chief U.S. prosecutor, who both call for the Obama administration to close the base. "People are locked up in isolation camps... People lost their hands, lost their eyes, lost their limbs," says Omar Deghayes, who was arrested in Pakistan as a terror suspect and held...January 10, 2012 | Story
- It has been 10 years since the United States began detaining people at its military base in Guantánamo Bay, Cuba. We speak with someone who has worked to defend the rights of those prisoners for the last decade: Michael Ratner, president emeritus of the Center for Constitutional Rights. While dozens continue to face an unknown future at Guantánamo, we ask Ratner to comment on President Obama's recent approval of the National Defense...January 10, 2012 | Story
Obama Prepares to Authorize Indefinite Detention of U.S. Citizens for First Time Since McCarthy Era–Glenn Greenwald on NDAAThe $662 billion National Defense Authorization Act passed by Congress last week includes controversial provisions that could usher in a radical expansion of indefinite detention under the U.S. government by authorizing the military to jail anyone it considers a terrorism suspect anywhere in the world without charge or trial. "Congress, with the Democrats in control of the Senate and a Democratic president, is about to enact into law the...December 19, 2011 | Story
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Protests Mark 2nd Anniversary of Lac-Mégantic Oil Train Disaster


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Case Study 2.2 - Climate Variability in the North Atlantic
Cindy Shellito, University of Northern Colorado
This activity walks students through a data set depicting climate variability in the North Atlantic, associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NOA). Students examine anomalies of precipitation and pressure ...
Lab 3: Normal Climate Patterns
The lab activity described here was created by Betsy Youngman of Phoenix Country Day School and LuAnn Dahlman of TERC for the EarthLabs project. Activity Summary and Learning Objectives × Winter and summer ...
How Cities Affect Their Local Climate
DATA: GLOBE Program Surface Temperature. TOOL: My World GIS. SUMMARY: Explore the urban heat island effect using student collected surface temperature data. Subset large datasets, buffer others, examine spatial relationships, and gather statistics to investigate temperature differences in urban and rural school sites.
Unit 2: Climate Change, After the Storm
Jeff Thomas, Central Connecticut State University; Scott Linneman, Western Washington University; James Ebert, SUNY College at Oneonta
The goal of Unit 2 is for students to apply what they learned about the methods of geoscience to complete an authentic and data-rich, lab-based activity to address the following problem: "To what extent ...
Case Study 2.1 - Climate Variability in the Equatorial Pacific
Cindy Shellito, University of Northern Colorado
This activity engages students in examining tropical Pacific pressure, sea-surface temperature, and precipitation data over a 10 year time span. Students work in groups to understand a data set, then debrief as a ...
Climate Change and Atlantic Hurricanes: A GIS Inquiry
Chris Van de Ven, Albion College
Students make hypotheses about how hurricane numbers, locations, or intensities have been changing, and then use hurricane tracks, wind speed, barometric pressure, and dates to test their hypotheses.
Abrupt climate change, greenhouse gases, and the bipolar see-saw
Kathleen Johnson, University of California-Irvine
In this activity, students work with paleoclimate proxy data (d18O, CH4, CO2)from the Byrd and GISP2 ice cores. Students prepare a graph of paleoclimate data and use the graph to answer several questions about the ...
Laboratory Activity: The Sun and Climate
Peter Selkin, University of Washington, Tacoma
In this physical geography lab, students examine the relationship between solar altitude, solar declination, and temperature regimes. Using data collected in the field, mathematical relationships, and temperature records available on the Internet, students compare the insolation and climate in their location to that of other locations.
Teaching Climate Science by Studying Misinformation
Daniel Bedford
Students critically evaluate the arguments about climate change raised in a climate contrarian newspaper op-ed. This strengthens student critical thinking and content knowledge.
Virtues and Climate Change
Stephan Beck, The Evergreen State College
Students create an essay to respond to the question: "What virtues does our society need to foster in people in order for us to be able to respond appropriately to climate change?"


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Video Games and Sleep
Posted: 06/09/2009 - New research suggests that too much time playing video games leads to a lack of sleep.
Posted: 06/09/2009 - New research suggests that too much time playing video games leads to a lack of sleep.
Posted: 06/03/2009 - "Cleveland clinic" doctors say they're diagnosing patients with something called "cell phone elbow."
Updated: 06/24/2009 - Bill bolsters health care access for Florida children.
Posted: 06/02/2009 - Stretching and meditating can do more than relieve stress. They can also help strengthen your ability to breath.
Posted: 05/28/2009 - CDC says October soonest for swine flu shots.
Posted: 05/27/2009 - About a year ago, the food and drug administration advised it was too risky for children under the age of two to be given over-the-counter cough and cold medicines.
Updated: 06/24/2009 - Jeffco teacher named `biggest loser' in local weight loss competition.
Posted: 05/26/2009 - Covenant Hospice needs your help.
Posted: 05/25/2009 - A COMMON SIDE EFFECT OF CHEMOTHERAPY IS NAUSEA.... BUT RESEARCHERS ARE FINDING A COMMON SPICE, GINGER, CAN MAKE A BIG DIFFERENCE.
Updated: 06/24/2009 - New research suggests delaying retirement could help stave off Alzheimer's.
Updated: 05/15/2009 - Six more cases of swine flu have been confirmed in Florida.
Posted: 05/12/2009 - Whether we like country or classical, be-bop or hip-hop, music hits an emotional chord.
Posted: 05/07/2009 - Babies born to depressed mothers are at a greater risk of developing sleep problems.
Updated: 05/06/2009 - (CNN) -- Doctors chose a woman who survived a shotgun wound to her face as the first recipient of a face transplant after treating her for nearly four years.
Posted: 05/05/2009 - A new study out of the "National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences" says obese kids are twenty-six percent more likely to have an allergy -- Especially a food allergy.
Posted: 04/29/2009 - Cruise ship passengers returning to Mobile will be observed for any signs of swine flu.
Updated: 06/24/2009 - Starbucks says it has shut down 10 of its cafes in Mexico City in response to the swine flu outbreak. One of its employees in the city is also now being treated for flu symptoms.
Posted: 04/27/2009 - The number of confirmed swine flu cases in the U.S. has risen to 48.
Posted: 04/27/2009 - When we emerge from a supermarket laden down with bags and faced with a sea of vehicles, how do we remember where we've parked our car and translate the memory into the correct action to get back there? New research identifies the specific parts of the brain responsible for solving this everyday problem. The results could have implications for understanding the functional significance of a prominent brain abnormality observed in neuropsychiatric diseases such as schizophrenia.
Posted: 04/26/2009 - (CNN) -- As reports of swine flu continue to rise in the United States and around the world, the average American is probably asking, "How should I protect myself?"
Posted: 04/25/2009 - Health officials are becoming more concerned about an outbreak of swine flu.
Posted: 04/22/2009 - A new study found eating charred meat increases your risk on pancreatic cancer.
Posted: 04/21/2009 - A smoker's risk for lung cancer may soon be predicted through a simple urine test.
Posted: 04/21/2009 - Stressed out with healthcare... A recent survey shows many Americans delay going to the doctor or filling prescriptions -- blaming the rising cost in healthcare.
Posted: 04/20/2009 - Kansas City University of Medicine and Bio-Sciences researchers measured the heartbeat of unborn babies while their moms were exercising.


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Is Celtics' Pursuit of Kevin Love a Pipe Dream?
Is the continued pursuit of Kevin Love by the Boston Celtics a pipe dream? Chris Gasper and Chad Finn discuss on Boston Sports Live.
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21 CFR 890.5380 - Powered exercise equipment.
(a) Identification. Powered exercise equipment consist of powered devices intended for medical purposes, such as to redevelop muscles or restore motion to joints or for use as an adjunct treatment for obesity. Examples include a powered treadmill, a powered bicycle, and powered parallel bars.
(b) Classification. Class I (general controls). The device is exempt from the premarket notification procedures in subpart E of part 807 of this chapter, subject to the limitations in § 890.9.
[48 FR 53047, Nov. 23, 1983, as amended at 61 FR 1125, Jan. 16, 1996; 66 FR 38818, July 25, 2001]
Title 21 published on 2014-04-01.
The following are only the Rules published in the Federal Register after the published date of Title 21.
For a complete list of all Rules, Proposed Rules, and Notices view the Rulemaking tab.
Title 21 published on 2014-04-01
The following are ALL rules, proposed rules, and notices (chronologically) published in the Federal Register relating to 21 CFR Part 890 after this date.


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Hi MiceChatters
Please check the new DisAfterDark Podcast, this week. The boys are joined by Logan Sekulow, the Director of the up & coming Walt Disney movie, As Dreamers Do. It follows Walt's life from childhood to Hollywood. Logan is brilliant, you really have to hear this show, it's that good.


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337 Reviews
Average Customer Review
Share your thoughts with other customersCreate your own review
6 of 6 people found the following review helpful
4.0 out of 5 stars A Testament To Brailsford
Let's be honest - if you're a cycling fan, you will have already had an opinion of Wiggins formed before the events of 2012 unfolded.
In the run up to this year he could be talented, wayward, self deprecating, vaguely self-destructive, passionate, humble, arrogant, and everything else in between. Compared with the other British guys on the scene, he was always...
Published on 26 Dec. 2012 by Mr. D. Hamilton
5 of 5 people found the following review helpful
1.0 out of 5 stars awful!
I started reading this after enjoying Tyler Hamilton's book on drugs and Lance Armstrong (The secret race) which was a revealing account of the skullduggery behind the cycling world. Recommended. However this book by Bradley Wiggens is one of the worst I have tried to read in a while. It appears to be ghostwritten but reads like one long sentence of chat taped from an...
Published 20 months ago by Brian Dickson
Most Helpful First | Newest First
6 of 6 people found the following review helpful
4.0 out of 5 stars A Testament To Brailsford,
Mr. D. Hamilton "Duncan Hamilton" (Hove, East Sussex) - See all my reviews
This review is from: Bradley Wiggins: My Time: An Autobiography (Kindle Edition)
Let's be honest - if you're a cycling fan, you will have already had an opinion of Wiggins formed before the events of 2012 unfolded.
In the run up to this year he could be talented, wayward, self deprecating, vaguely self-destructive, passionate, humble, arrogant, and everything else in between. Compared with the other British guys on the scene, he was always a bit of an enigma. He could at times display the passion and eloquence of David Millar, the sheer bloody single mindedness of Mark Cavendish, and - periodically - the humility and affability of Sir Chris Hoy.
Like many, I saw him crash out of the 2011 Tour and thought "Well that's a relief" - his heart didn't seem in it, and Team Sky looked on course to miss their stated goal of winning the premier cycle race within 5 years. Then, early on in the season, things were obviously right at Sky, and more importantly right at the point where it mattered; between Wiggins' ears.
The Tour de France 2012 was, if we're honest, a bit dull - Team Sky just shut the thing down after the first week. But this actually made it more intriguing; it was obviously a team effort, a well oiled machine working at 100%. Perhaps it was also a watershed? The point where the big personalities of old dominated the race through pyramid teams (Merckx, Hainault, Armstrong, etc).
Towards the end of the Tour, it was apparent that Sky could have chosen either Froome or Wiggins to win if they wished.
This is, in essence, what this book is about. Although notionally centred on Wiggins, it really is a narrative of how Team Sky and British Cycling came to dominate 2012 on the road, and on the track. The professionalism, the science, the commitment, and the co-ordination of Brailsford and co really stand out - it is no wonder our cycle stars won so much. Through Wiggins' eyes, we are treated to an insight into this - and mightily jealous I am too. There is no hiding the fact that it didn't always work, but I'd have loved to have had the opportunity to have been part of an organisation such as this.
It also goes a long way in explaining all the praise heaped upon British Cycling by the likes of Hoy, Pendleton, Clancey, Storey, Rowsell, Thomas, Cav, Wiggo, Millar, and so on - it really is world class, and the story of Wiggins in 2012 really captures it. Once you read this book, you'll realise that in reality the BMCs, Rabobanks, OPQS, Katusha, and so on were competing against the combined might of British Cycling. It does beg the question as to how were the European teams so amateurish for so long given the money involved in the sport in the continent?
But really, in my opinion, this is an outstanding appraisal of Dave Brailsford's organisation. Wiggins winning what he did in 2012 is because of Brailsford, without him I think Bradley would still be where he was in 2009; talented, but adrift.
Allez Wiggo!
Chapeau Brailsford!
5 of 5 people found the following review helpful
1.0 out of 5 stars awful!,
Brian Dickson "bogtrotter" (highlands , scotland) - See all my reviews
This review is from: Bradley Wiggins: My Time: An Autobiography (Paperback)
I started reading this after enjoying Tyler Hamilton's book on drugs and Lance Armstrong (The secret race) which was a revealing account of the skullduggery behind the cycling world. Recommended. However this book by Bradley Wiggens is one of the worst I have tried to read in a while. It appears to be ghostwritten but reads like one long sentence of chat taped from an interview. It badly needs editing. Don't bother- I wanted to like this but gave up after the first 50 pages or so!
11 of 12 people found the following review helpful
2.0 out of 5 stars Readable - but only just,
This review is from: Bradley Wiggins: My Time: An Autobiography (Hardcover)
Poorly written and repetitive; I guess it is impressive that they got it published in such a short time, but it would have been better to wait and actually concentrate on getting the content up to scratch. There is clearly a good book in there trying to get out. This feels like a bit of a cash-in on a great year for BW.
It leaves lots of questions unanswered - for example, there are hints that BWs relationship with Chris Froome is not great, but this is never really dealt with openly (for obvious reasons, but we have come to expect a bit more clarity from modern 'warts and all' autobiographies).
Ultimately, most decent books take some considerable time to write, so it is hardly surprising that this is no literary masterpiece. However, with such rich subject matter, this just feels like a missed opportunity.
42 of 48 people found the following review helpful
5.0 out of 5 stars Excellent Sporting Insight,
A. Rowe (Cheshire/Manchester) - See all my reviews
This review is from: Bradley Wiggins: My Time: An Autobiography (Hardcover)
I really enjoyed this book, and would recommend it to fans of cycling, and to readers who would like to know more about the psychological issues that can affect elite athletes.
I believe Bradley recounted his experiences to William Fotheringham (who `ghosted' the book), and a very personable and understandable character comes to light. That's not to say that Bradley comes across as a deity, as he certainly has his struggles. However he is very honest about what drives him, what his weaknesses are, and this makes his story all the more engaging.
My Time is a flowing read, and the observations and insights really allow the (sometimes) technical world of cycling to become much easier to grasp and understand.
Personally, I particularly enjoyed the anecdotes about the first year of Team Sky, and the frankness with which Bradley admitted he often struggled with the pressure of suddenly being a `Leader', and how he coped (or didn't) with what this entailed.
The book plots a great passage from those dark days of self-doubt to the exultation of Bradley's entrance to the Champs Elysees. Throughout the book, the scale of the dedication, hard graft, and ultimate achievement of winning the Tour really hits home, and this book is an excellent souvenir for those who lived and breathed every KM of this year's Tour.
7 of 8 people found the following review helpful
3.0 out of 5 stars Hard going.,
This review is from: Bradley Wiggins: My Time: An Autobiography (Hardcover)
I've been an armchair cycle fan ever since ITV4 started showing the Tour and watching Wiggins plot his way to winning it this year was a glorious experience.For him to follow up such an effort within days by winning the Olympic time trial showed not only complete athletic mastery but a sense of purpose and discipline rare in any walk of life. I was therefore pleased to receive a copy of "My Time" for Christmas and,although I've read it in relatively quick time,I must say that it has been a disappointment.
If there is one athlete who appears to possess personality and individuality,it is Wiggins. His various responses and utterances during the Tour were witty,honest and brave,from the savage and obscene rant against those who accused him of doping to the "raffle" comment on the victory podium in Paris. His ecstatic hand gesture on receiving yellow for the first time beat any raising of any cup by any footballer that I've seen.Yet in this book he emerges as nothing more than a decent man going about his business single mindedly with little to say about much other than training routines and the admiration he has for those in the team around him and his wife. Nothing wrong with that,of course but surely there is more to him than that.
What he says about doping and his attitude to it is interesting and moving but the most cogent words about it in the text have appeared in other places. The attempts to bring humour in tend to fall flat which is disappointing given Bradley's seemingly ready sense of the absurd.The pen portraits of those around him are often frank in part but tend to end in some variation of "I love him to bits".The attempt to recreate Bradley's own self deprecating,slightly laddish style fails to include the touch of devil that often comes with it.The cheeky,edgy quality that many admire is sadly absent and what remains is dutiful pleasantry.
The passages which deal with racing are informative but fail to capture the heady mixture of politics,strategy and sheer lung-bursting hard work that the actuality consists of.Perhaps the necessarily methodical nature of the training and its now certain outcome in victory for Wiggins and Sky described in the book must inevitably reduce the reader's enjoyment of reading about the playing out of the events.The increasing references to TSS and Vam statistics tend to mitigate one's response to the heroic efforts that they represent,interesting though it is to learn about their use.
In sum,I found it a bit dull,interesting in parts but mainly unimaginative in its approach and predictable in its treatment of what must have been towering moments of emotion in Bradley's life.There's a much better book to be written about these truly magnificent achievements.
2 of 2 people found the following review helpful
2.0 out of 5 stars Boring unless u live for cycling,
Graham Lindsay (Southport England) - See all my reviews
This review is from: Bradley Wiggins: My Time: An Autobiography (Kindle Edition)
A bit dull really.i expected more humour from Sir Bradley.
He's a national hero for 2012 & his Olympic exploits,I expected more personality & inspiration.
1.0 out of 5 stars Boring and charmless,
This review is from: Bradley Wiggins: My Time: An Autobiography (Paperback)
I gave up on "My Time" about half way through - it's probably the least enjoyable sports book I've ever read. It does a terrific job of turning one of the most exciting sports around into one of the most boring. Either Wiggins really is this dour or he has been seriously let down by his ghost-writer.
I'm a general sports fan whose interest in cycling has grown over the past 3-4 years, and having read some fantastic books by Paul Kimmage, David Millar, Tyler Hamilton, etc. I was looking forward to reading Wiggins' book. I knew little about his personality prior to 2012, but maybe his outstanding success of that year has had an impact on his outlook (maybe, maybe not) in that he now feels he can be easily forgiven for a level of conceit.
What I can say is that not only did I find the contents of this book boring and adrenalin-free, but Wiggins came across as someone who has no feelings or empathy for anyone other than himself - both now and earlier in his career. When his actions impact on someone else adversely, he appears to have no sense of responsibility, nor indeed appears to give a monkeys. Intellectually, this book is on a par with the autobiographies of Robbie Savage and Roy Keane (that isn't a compliment, Roy) both of which exhibit similar levels of ignorance but, at least, are arguably rescued by other dubious qualities.
Anyone who has achieved what Wiggins has in sport or in any walk of life should be applauded for their efforts, and maybe pure cycling fans will gain more from the book than I did. However, call me soft, but I enjoy autobiographies a heck of a lot more when I can warm to the author. On the evidence of this book, I can see exactly why Dave Brailsford has dropped him from Sky's Tour de France line-up this year (2014) - mentally, Wiggins needs to be riding either purely for himself (e.g. for the GC) or not at all.
In summary, I found the contents boring, the (ghosted) writing style clumsy, and Wiggins to be charmless. This is one book that you CAN judge by its cover.
5.0 out of 5 stars Rock bottem to Sky High,
K. G. A. Alavi (London, England) - See all my reviews
This review is from: Bradley Wiggins: My Time: An Autobiography (Hardcover)
Excellent book, by and about a great cyclist. Bradley comes across as a down to earth humble realist. He does not claim to be Superman but someone who relights on hard work. Who has in his own words had the most specular year of his professional career!! The only down side of this book is much more effective if you read (now) Sir Bradley's first book In Pursuit of Glory, to really get a feel of his personality. This book does read more like a memoir. Great memoirs but not an all in one autobiography.
This book starts off in 2010 when Bradley is at the personal and professional lowest point. Then it goes back a year to 2009 where Bradley places 4th in the Tour de France (I think Lance Armstrong place 3rd that year so Bradley might be moved up), showing his potential. Then getting bogged down with team changes, personal tragedy, coaching disputes, to a complete overhaul of his training method and the mythology of cycling training. The reason this is such a big thing is because despite changes in bikes design and aerodynamic improvements cyclists traditionally have the same training schedules as they did in the 70's, simply because it has always been done that way. He started to see gradual improvements, and better results.
Bradley, talks about his feeling for him team mates who trained and sacrificed part of their own lives with him to help him win the 2012 tour. For a sport of individual results there is an amazing about of team work and sacrifice for the team leader. The only other "sport" to do this pro-wrestling where one wrestler put another "over" (lets him win). Bradley talks about the sacrifice his own family had to make to allow him to follow his dream of cycling. Then he talks about the success and highs he feels. He tries to put into words the adrenalin he felt racing in the London Olympics, as I Brit I can feel the energy coming off the page. It takes me back to jumping off the couch every time team GB won a medal. I really did enjoy this book, but I really wish I had read his first book first.
5.0 out of 5 stars A great read, whether or not you are a cycling fan,
Mark Pack (London, UK) - See all my reviews
This review is from: Bradley Wiggins: My Time: An Autobiography (Hardcover)
Unless you personally know someone involved, it is hard for the reader to tell how true to life the portrait someone gives of themselves in a memoir is, especially when a ghost-writer is involved.
The picture that Bradley Wiggins paints of himself seems pretty plausible sat alongside his public utterances, and the book's good reception overall suggests that those who know at least someone involved in the story aren't all going round rubbishing it.
That makes the one place where the book really departs from previous public statements all the more interesting: the comments about Chris Froome. Mostly they are gently critical, on the lines of 'he's really talented but he's inexperienced and inconsistent'. The really critical stuff comes with the account of a controversial stage in the Tour de France where the Sky team's plans seemed to break down with Froome and Wiggins not cycling together as a team. Wiggins's account starts off as it he is going to be generous, with many references to confusion and communications problems. But by the end he's being very critical, saying he had no idea of what Froome was up to and he didn't like it - and departing from what he said in public at the time.
The contrast with his accounts of Mark Cavendish are striking. Wiggins and Cavendish have had their fair share of public ups and downs, and the book reflects that - but leaves the reader with a generous picture of Cavendish, placing responsibility for their periods of falling out on them both, and giving us an affectionate account of their joint history.
Overall the book is pretty much about 2012, with earlier events either in cycling or in Wiggins's life only covered is an as much as they are the lead up to his year of miraculous cycling.
It is far from being just a book about the racing on the road. There is a lot about family life and personal stresses outside the races, with the huge pressures that constant training generate. There is not much in the way of cycling jargon, so the non-sporting fan interested in this suddenly high-profile sport in the UK should be able to enjoy the book and learn about the sport.
A fewer reviewers have said they do not like the style. I found the rather workmanlike writing style great; it seems to reflect the way in which Wiggins speaks. He doesn't go for huge verbal flourishes in TV interviews and the book matches that. I think it's the better for that. A shame about some of the repetition and the slightly meandering narrative at times (rushed editing to get the book out quickly perhaps?). Small blemishes, however, that do not take much off the overall book.
30 of 36 people found the following review helpful
2.0 out of 5 stars So badly written its hard to pick up,
Smart Mart 13 "Smart Mart 13" (Stockport) - See all my reviews
This review is from: Bradley Wiggins: My Time: An Autobiography (Hardcover)
A great, inspirational insight into a true British hero.
So why only 2 stars?
A book that is a pleasure to read is hard to put down. This is a struggle to pick up.
It's been rushed into production for the Christmas market. Lots of repetitions, not only from chapter to chapter but even within the same paragraph.
Poorly written, but then William Fotheringham wrote it so why am I surprised. I've not enjoyed his style of writing in any of his books.
If it gets re-written for the second edition (perhaps by an outstanding writer like Daniel Coyle) then this would be a 5* with no hesitation.
Worth reading because it's Brad's story, but it could have been so much better.
Most Helpful First | Newest First
Bradley Wiggins: My Time: An Autobiography by Bradley Wiggins (Hardcover - 8 Nov. 2012)
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Financial Post | 650 Credit Repair and Optimization Handbook
Characteristics of Consumers with Perfect Credit Scores
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- Category: Credit Information
- Published on Monday, 15 September 2014 18:23
- Written by Financial-Post
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A good credit score has the ability to potentially save you thousands of dollars by eliminating high-interest loans and credit cards. While reaching the perfect credit score requires dedication and patience, those who've reached the magical FICO 850 score share several characteristics. While your 650 score credit may require different approaches, the following characteristics will navigate you toward the mystical perfect credit score.
Sparingly Apply for Credit
Were you aware that 10-percent of your overall FICO score is determined by how often you apply for new lines of credit? Sending out multiple credit inquiries from different lenders is heavily frowned upon by credit bureaus. Those with perfect credit scores have mastered the art of only applying for new credit lines when absolutely necessary. While the impact of this process is relatively small, when reaching for the perfect score, every point matters.
Diversified Debt
Instead of having the bulk of your debt on credit cards or student loans, showcase your ability to perfectly manage debt by diversifying your debt type. Throughout your life, gradually open new credit lines in different sectors; auto loans, mortgages, credit cards or student loans. Paying on-time on different debt types is highly favored among credit scoring models, which ultimately results in FICO score increases.
Never Missing a Payment - Never!
30-percent of your total FICO score is determined by payment history. Therefore, when journeying to the land of perfect credit scores, missing even one payment can be detrimental to your goal. Those with perfect credit scores understand this importance, which is why they sparingly open new credit lines and closely monitor their monthly expenditures. While obtaining a perfect credit score is not the easiest task, making sure to pay your debt on-time each month is the simplest way to achieve the coveted 850 score.
Live Within or Below Their Means
If you've ever wondered what one of the biggest secrets those with perfect credit scores share, it's this: always live within, or even below, your financial ability. Those with excellent credit reports understand the importance of making payments on time and opening credit sparingly, so they've mastered the art of living well-within their financial means. If you have "champaign taste on a beer budget," it's time to adjust your taste buds. Saving money whenever you can is an essential aspect of building perfect credit. Consider this: the more expendable cash you save, the higher your credit score will rise. The reason? When you're not living paycheck-to-paycheck, you don't heavily rely on credit. Reducing the actual need to use your credit eliminates the possibility of negative scoring and report notes.
How to Safeguard Your Credit Cards While Online Shopping
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- Category: Credit Information
- Published on Monday, 08 September 2014 18:17
- Written by Financial-Post
- Hits: 1339
With our ever-increasing busy schedules and more demanding work environments, it's no surprise online shopping is projected to reach $370 billion in revenue by the year 2017. While more and more retailers are pushing for online shopping with a myriad of rewards programs and online-only discounts, you must protect your financial stability while taking advantage of online shopping. Safeguarding your credit cards from identity thieves does not require a vast array of knowledge, but it does require vigilance and dedication.
I. Check the URL - One of the first things you must review before inputting credit card information is the site's security certificate. This is found in the URL portion of the site address, which appears as: "https://" - these letters and symbols certify the site is monitored and protected by security certifications such as TRUSTe or VeriSign.
II. Confirm Security Certificates - Preventing identity theft is primarily done by confirming the security of any website. The first step showcases security elements in the actual URL. Next, confirm the security certificate by locating TRUSTe or VeriSign seal of approval. Moreover, only deal with online retailers who have the Better Business Bureau seal of approval for online security and consumer protection.
III. Immediately Review Account Statements - While you should always review your bank and credit card statements, pay special attention after shopping online. This is especially important during the holiday season when identity thieves work overtime to gather your information. With every online shopping transaction, compare the total charge with your official receipt. Sometimes business names appear different on bank statements. Therefore, contact the business directly and ask for their transaction business name. If these names do not match, immediately contact the financial institution and dispute the charge.
IV. Review Company Security Policies - Add an additional layer of protection to your online shopping experience by only patronizing retailers with clear and concise security policies. This information should be readily available on their website. If you cannot locate the security policy, do not continue with the transaction.
V. Secured Checkout Process - While the actual website should feature a secured connection, the checkout process must provide full security encryption to ensure information cannot be intercepted during the transaction. Confirm this security feature by looking for the "padlock" icon either next to the URL or at the bottom of your browser. You may also confirm this feature by reviewing the checkout security policies.
How to Safeguard Credit Cards from Identity Theft
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- Category: Credit Information
- Published on Monday, 15 September 2014 18:13
- Written by Financial-Post
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According to the National Criminal Justice Reference Service, NCJRS, the FTC's Consumer Sentinel Network received over two million complaints in 2013 regarding identity theft and fraud. As our world grows ever more digital and financial transactions move away from paper, the need to safeguard your credit cards from identity thieves has never been more paramount. While you should continually research the latest protection methods, the following are essential tips to safeguard your financial wellbeing.
Tip #1: Safeguard Physical Identification Papers
A common misconception regarding credit card identity theft is the belief that identity thieves require credit cards for 650 credit score numbers. Unfortunately, this is not the case. Thieves are crafty individuals, and in order to gain access to financial records all they need is one piece of personal information. Therefore, keep all paper records that contain your social security number, passport information and birth certificates stored in a highly-secured location. Never throw away sensitive papers without blacking out these numbers before sending them through the shredder. Eliminate paper documents by signing up for paperless bill-pay and requesting all other information be sent and stored on a secure server.
Tip #2: Carefully Review Bank Statements
Preferably, review your bank or credit card statements at least once a week. Keep an eye out for small charges, typically less than two dollars, being sent to an unfamiliar person or business. These small charges are often "tests" done by thieves to ensure information received connects to an active account with available funds. Don't be surprised if a few days after one or two of these small charges appear, a much larger chunk of money is withdrawn. Many consumers believe they're protected due to credit card fraud alerts; however, these smaller charges typically don't cause any red flags to wave, and waiting until a large transaction is released is too late - the thieves have your money.
Tip #3: Be Wary of ATM Machines
When preparing to use an ATM at smaller stores and banks, make sure to carefully examine the card slot. Thieves attach small devices to the card reader, which collects and transmits all your account date. Inspect the card reader for foreign devices. As a general rule of thumb, ATM card readers should be relatively flush with the machine or only have a small lip. If you notice a suspicious device after you've swiped your card, don't panic. Contact your financial institution and have them be on the lookout for suspicious transactions and charges. For the next several days, make physical notes of where you used your card. This simplifies the process of refuting fraudulent charges.
How to Apply for Credit Without Lowering Your Credit Score
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- Category: Credit Information
- Published on Wednesday, 24 September 2014 17:14
- Written by Financial-Post
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A myriad of building blocks are required to piece together your total credit score. This seemingly simple three-digit number is determined by factors established by the top three major credit bureaus, and is used to determine your creditworthiness. While certain account activity can lower your overall credit score, is it possible to apply for credit without diminishing your overall credit score?
Credit Impact Based on Inquiry Type
In the realm of personal finance, the term "inquiry" is used when lenders ask to receive a copy of your credit report. Typically, lenders may inquire with one or all three major credit bureaus. You may see evidence of such authorized attempts by reviewing your entire credit report. While simply asking for a copy of your credit report won't cause a reduction in overall score, when the purpose of an inquiry is to open a new credit line, you may experience a lowered FICO score as a result.
Affect on Credit Score
While inquiry type plays a role in affecting your credit score, the impact from opening, or attempting to open, multiple credit accounts can be severe. The reason opening multiple lines of credit, or even inquiring for new lines, with different lenders has such a negative impact is related to your risk-level. Credit bureaus view this type of activity as high-risk behavior. According to recent studies, those with more than six credit-establishing inquiries are eight times more likely to file for bankruptcy.
Rate Shopping Inquiries
When shopping for a new car, home or student loan, it's generally a good idea to obtain rates from several vendors. Even though you're having multiple lenders send off credit report requests, credit agencies treat these inquiries differently. When trying to open a line a credit for your 650 credit score auto loan for example, the inquiries are ignored as long as you successfully open an account within 30 days. For example, five auto loan lenders make inquiries for your credit report. After reviewing their offers, you choose a Wells Fargo auto loan. As long as you finalize the loan within 30 days from the first inquiry, your FICO score won't be damaged due to multiple inquiries.
While the damage done to credit scores from opening a new line of credit vary according to personal credit history, minimize negative marks by only opening credit when absolutely necessary. Avoid multiple inquiries for all loans outside of rate-shopping qualified loans as described above. By following these tips, your credit can continue to flourish without taking extreme hits in the process.


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The Current | Nov 15, 2012 | 22:00
Communicating with patients in a vegetative state
It is an extraordinary moment when Dr. Adrian Owen slides his patient into an FMRI machine, a man who has been in a vegetative state for a dozen years, suddenly able to communicate basic information with thoughts that register as activity in a brain scan. Adrian Owen has found a way to connect with some patients for whom that had been little hope of ever communicating again. Today, our project Line in the Sand looks at the implications of his discovery for everything from our treatment of traditionally unresponsive patients to end of life care.


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Birmingham City: Gianni Paladini makes formal offer
A consortium fronted by ex-QPR chairman Gianni Paladini has made a formal offer for Birmingham City believed to be in the region of £30m, BBC WM reports.
The group previously made an offer for Blues in September thought to be around £25m, which was rejected.
Solihull-based Paladini continued his interest in buying the club, and has lodged the increased offer with acting Blues chairman Peter Pannu.
Gianni Paladini Factfile
- Born 1946 in Naples, Italy
- Played one match for Napoli in a short-lived football career
- Moved to England at the age of 22 and built up a business portfolio including property and nightclubs
- Failed in a bid to take over Port Vale in 2003
- Replaced Bill Power as QPR chairman in 2006
- In five years in charge at Loftus Road, saw the management team change 11 times
- Removed as chairman in August 2011 after a takeover by Tony Fernandes, before cutting all ties in December
- In 2012 declares interest in Birmingham City and increases bid after first offer was rejected
Any formal bid needs to be announced to the Hong Kong Stock Exchange.
Last month Pannu, who took control of the Championship club when he was appointed chief executive of their holding company Birmingham International Holdings Ltd, revealed that he was in talks with two groups interested in buying the St Andrew's side.
One of those groups was believed to be involving Paladini, who cut all ties with QPR by mutual consent in 2011 after eight years at Loftus Road, and Friday's news appears to confirm those reports.
Despite not being officially for sale, the club find themselves the subject of interest while part-owner Carson Yeung awaits trial in Hong Kong for money laundering charges.
However Pannu has admitted that the club are seeking new investment from external sources.
Birmingham have failed to publish their figures for the past two years, coinciding with the allegations made against Yeung, who became the club's major shareholder in 2009.
But regardless of the off-field problems, Paladini, who says he has lived in the Birmingham area since he was 22, has shown a willingness to become involved with the club.
On the pitch, the Blues currently find themselves in 17th place in the Championship, having won only one of their last five games.


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Doyle McManus: A Rove 'money bomb': The battle to win the Senate
In North Dakota, Rove's donors have paid for television commercials that attack Heitkamp, a former state attorney general, on several fronts.
"Heidi Heitkamp supports Obamacare," one commercial warns, in disapproving tones. "That's not the change we need. Tell Heidi Obamacare is wrong for North Dakota."
Other ads attacked the Democrat for spending state money on private airplane rides (a charge that turned out to be false) and for accepting contributions from a Washington lawyer who did work for the state (true). The ads were paid for by Crossroads GPS.
"They think this Senate seat is an auction," Heitkamp has said in campaign speeches. "It does not belong to Karl Rove and his billionaire friends."
But her argument is weakened by the fact that she too is accepting as much outside money as she can find. As of midsummer, Heitkamp was behind her Republican opponent, Rep. Rick Berg, in traditional fundraising; he raised about $4 million to her $2.1 million. But Heitkamp has also been helped by more than $2.7 million from outside groups, compared with about $2.4 million for Berg.
And that may be Rove's greatest achievement this year. Whether or not he succeeds in helping the GOP take over the Senate, he has changed the face of campaign financing. The alliance of money-raising groups he has built appears likely to last for years to come, and is already serving as a model for fundraisers and strategists on the other side.
"Every conspiracy needs a leader of vision who thinks long into the future, who plays the game in his head many moves ahead," Rove told a conservative group back in 2005. He was joking about the conspiracy but not about the long-term strategy.
Doyle McManus is a columnist for The Los Angeles Times. Readers may send him email at doyle.mcmanuslatimes.com.
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In The Flesh anyone?(56 Posts)
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Online Resources - Travel Medicine
This Web was compiled from a variety of sources including the online resources listed below, but is not intended to substitute or replace the professional medical advice you receive from your physician. The content provided here is for informational purposes only, and was not designed to diagnose or treat a health problem or disease. Please consult your physician with any questions or concerns you may have regarding your condition.
This page contains links to other World Wide Web sites with information about travel medicine. We hope you find these sites helpful, but please remember we do not control or endorse the information presented on these Web sites, nor do these sites endorse the information contained here.
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