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You can now invite anyone to meet at your favorite Starbucks.
Limited-time feature
28 year old woman | Maple Shade, NJ, USA | Seeking men 26-35 within 50 miles
No time for games.
I'm a caring, understanding, down to earth, blunt, food loving person. Im a fun loving goofball and I work a lot and help others but I seem to never make time for myself. I'm looking for someone to help me do that. I have fun every once in a while when my friends and I can all find time but they have families so its not often. I LOVE good food... best date for me is just going out to eat having nice conversation and enjoying each others company. Although I am also outgoing so go karting, shore trips, shopping, etc I am completely open to. I don't like cocky, arrogant, selfish, rude, narrow-minded people. Don't have time for liars or people that like to play games unless its on a ps3 or xbox. Also, I don't have time for the crazies.. so if you're bipolar, have anger issues, have stalker tendencies, etc I am not for you. Also... I have a thing for straight white teeth lol. Its the first thing I notice about a person and if they aren't straight or your breathe is kickin I just can't lol. Almost forgot... I am a CUDDLEMONSTER!! Second fav thing after eating lol. And its actual the perfect thing to do after a good meal lol. I am a VERY affectionate person. I'm attracted to a down to earth, caring, romantic, affectionate kind of guy. Someone that can make me laugh all the time and can go out, have fun, maybe even try something new and still be able to lay on the couch and watch a movie sometimes. Someone who is honest, loyal and reliable.
Coffee and conversation , Cooking , Dining out , Movies/Videos , Exploring new areas , Nightclubs/Dancing , Video games
I like Cats, Dogs
I had a lab/chow mix named Sasha who after 17yrs, over half my life, died this June. Can't explain how much it hurt. I LOVE animals and I grew up with her.
Atlantic City... I would love to go to Punta Cana and Tokyo some day.
I like cooking, going out to eat, watching movies, shopping, etc. Would love to travel.
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
|What she is looking for
|5'4" (162cms)
|5'10" (177cms) to 8'11" (271cms)
|Body type:
|Athletic and toned
|No preference
|Dark brown
|No Way
|No Way
|Social Drinker
|Never, Social Drinker, Regularly
|Administrative / Secretarial
|No preference
I'm administrative assistant to the executive director at a utilities authority. I am also head of all customer account maintenance and every once in a while.. I shut peoples' water off lol.
|$35,001 to $50,000
|$35,001 to $50,000, $50,001 to $75,000, $75,001 to $100,000, $100,001 to $150,000, $150,001+
|Never Married
|No preference
|Have kids:
|Wants kids:
|I'll tell you later
|Definitely, Someday
|Black / African descent, White / Caucasian
|Black / African descent, Latino / Hispanic, Native American, Pacific Islander
Mother is british south african and my father is liberian.
|Christian / Other
|Christian / LDS, Christian / Protestant, Spiritual but not religious, Christian / Other
Jesus is my Lord and Saviour.
|Some college
|High school, Some college, Associates degree, Bachelors degree, Graduate degree, PhD / Post Doctoral


text:
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
What about you?
How many of you want to have another one?
What about you?
Married to my content DH on 10.20.2010!
(#1 3. 2012) (#2 9. 2013) !
I'd love to have another.
Holly (30) & Dwayne (31) - 09/01/2007
My perfect baby girl - Elaina Trinity - 03/09/2012
Baby girl #2 - Kenna Rei - Due 08/13/2015
6/11 Married | 3/12 Lucas' birth | 1/15 Marcelo's VBAC!
'Angels can fly because they take themselves lightly'
definitely want more. still debating when we would start trying again.
I want 2 -3 more, DH wants 1 - 2 more but I want to give our 6 month old our undivided attention for a couple years. Maybe when she's two...
We want one more. Originally my DH wanted to try for Irish twins but I EBF so there really wasn't a way for that to happen. Right now we are trying to decide if would be better to have a second one right away or to wait. I really want to be home most of the time while they are little so we are currently leaning towards having another one earlier rather than later. I've been saving everything so we have it whenever we end up deciding to have the second one.
Married to a wonderful man (05/13/11) and mom to an amazing daughter (03/07/12)!
Eventually I'd like to continue to add another child to our family, but no time soon.
We want at least two more, but financially, we can't have a second just yet! Also, I had a c-section, so I am supposed to wait anyway.


text:
CSIRO scientists have joined the battle to save Australia's iconic Tasmanian devils from the deadly cancer currently devastating devil populations.
Researchers from CSIRO's Livestock Industries' Australian Animal Health Laboratory (AAHL), Textiles and Fibre Technology and Land and Water, are working together to hunt down the cause of Devil Facial Tumour Disease (DFTD) and possibly develop a test to identify infected animals.
DFTD is infectious and is thought to be passed between animals by biting when, for example, devils compete for food. Once the cancer becomes visible and spreads internally through the body, the animal usually dies within a few months from starvation and the breakdown of body functions.
The integrated research team at AAHL will use a variety of techniques including microscopy, microarrays and a range of molecular techniques to search for infectious agents, markers for disease and to determine where the tumours originate.
"We will be working in a number of areas including establishing whether a virus or other infectious agents are associated with the tumours," AAHL's Dr Alex Hyatt said. "If successful, the establishment of pre-clinical tests will allow researchers to remove known infected devils, in turn limiting the spread of the disease."
To date AAHL scientists have processed and examined 29 lesions from 12 affected animals and have also collected and processed a further 30 affected animals where both tumour tissue and tumours grown in the laboratory were examined.
A recent Senior Scientist's Scientific Forum on the DFTD reviewed progress in understanding and managing the disease and set an agenda for future research and management.
"The aim is to stop the disease in it tracks and we want to bring our experience of controlling infectious diseases to the research community involved to help achieve this," Dr Hyatt said.
A chemist and Spectroscopist at CSIRO T
Source:CSIRO Australia


text:
Library hosts program on beekeeping
WARWICK — Come to the Albert Wisner Public Library on Saturday, April 6 at 10 a.m. for "First Lessons in Honey Beekeeping."
The Southeastern Beekeepers' Club will present this introduction to the joys and rewards of beekeeping. All the basics will be covered by Les Blum and Brian Fitzsimmons, both experienced beekeepers and members of the club.
Learn about the equipment needed, when and where to start, bee pastures and more. An observation hive may be available for viewing if the weather is mild.
There also will be an opportunity for active beekeepers to exchange ideas and information.
To register for this program, visit www.albertwisnerlibrary.org or call 986-1047 ext. 3.
22,266 hours
Thousands came out for Pride Weekend
First responding volunteers
22,266 hours
Thousands came out for Pride Weekend
First responding volunteers
College notes
Karate Quest Dojo hosts Warwick cub scouts


text:
A kinematic arrangement for the micro-movement over long distances of objs, and in particular, for imparting movement to and the manipulation of objects which are to be investigated or treated microscopically. The object is supported on at least one motion-imparting or kinematic element constituted of piezoelectric material, which is deformable through the application of electrical voltages. The supporting point or points of the kinematic or motion-imparting elements is or are changed in position through a deformation of the piezoelectric material due to the application of electrical voltage variations to the kinematic element, which so changes in its position that the object which is supported by the kinematic elements will move in desired directions within a plane predetermined by the supporting points.
1. Micromanipulator for the micro-movement of objects, for imparting relative microscopic movements between the micromanipulator and objects which are to be examined or treated microscopically; comprising at least one kinematic element positioned for supporting or being supported by said object, said at least one kinematic element being constituted from a piezoelectric material and being deformable through the application of electrical voltages, at least a portion of said at least one kinematic element being hollow-cylindrical; support means for said object being located at one end surface of said at least one element; and a closed, continuous electrically-conductive coating being provided on one cylindrical surface of said at least one hollow-cylindrical kinematic element, and a plurality of electrically-conductive part coatings, which are electrically insulated relative to each other, being provided on the other cylindrical surface.
2. Micromanipulator as claimed in claim 1, wherein said support means comprises a single support point projecting from said at least one kinematic element.
3. Micromanipulator as claimed in claim 1, wherein said support means comprises a plurality of object-supporting surfaces circumferentially distributed along the end surface of said at least one element.
4. Micromanipulator as claimed in claim 1, wherein said part coatings which are insulated relative to each other extend along said other cylindrical surface in the direction of the cylinder axis; and an insulation between said part coatings extending between said part coatings in parallel with the cylinder axis.
5. Micromanipulator as claimed in claim 1, wherein said electrically insulated part coatings are provided on the external cylindrical surface of at least one element.
6. Micromanipulator as claimed in claim 1, wherein means are provided for applying to said closed coating and to said part coating a separate electrical operating voltage in conformance with the intended movement of the object.
7. Micromanipulator as claimed in claim 1, wherein means are provided for applying a direct voltage superimposable on an alternating-current voltage required for the operation of said arrangement.
8. Micromanipulator as claimed in claim 1, wherein said at least one kinematic element is rigidly interconnected with a scan element of a scanning-tunneling microscope supporting the tunnel tip of said scanning-tunneling microscope.
9. Micromanipulator as claimed in claim 8, wherein said scan element has a construction analogous to the construction of said at least one kinematic element.
10. Micromanipulator as claimed in claim 8, wherein the scanning movements of said arrangement are provided by said at least one kinematic element.
11. Micromanipulator as claimed in claim 8, wherein said at least one kinematic element comprises a thermal sensor means for effecting the temperature measurement of the object.
12. Micromanipulator as claimed in claim 8, wherein said at least one kinematic element comprises a means for contacting the object under investigation.
13. Micromanipulator as claimed in claim 1, wherein said arrangement includes an object treating implement means.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a kinematic arrangement for the micro-movements of objects also over large distances. In particular, the kinematic arrangement serves for imparting movement to and the manipulation of objects which are to be investigated microscopically.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Mechanically highly-precise operating sequences, in an increasing measure, are required in the modern micro-technology. The mechanical control elements which have been heretofore employed for this purpose to the greatest extent, and which are equipped with lever systems, gears and micrometer screws, in many instances cannot meet the necessary demands. In order to carry out micro-movements, electromagnetic or piezoelectric control elements are better suited for such purposes.
For instance, extremely precise micro-movements are necessary for the Scanning-Tunneling Microscope (STM), described in the article "Das Raster-Tunnelmicroscop", by G. Binnig and H. Rohrer, Helvetia Phys. Acta--55, 1982, page 726. The STM necessitates the highest degree of precision and stability for the movement of the object under investigation. Thus, for the scanning of the object, as well as for the manipulation of the object, a prerequisite is precision movements within the nanometer range in order to achieve the desired results. These movements must be carried out and controlled dependably, repeatedly and rapidly.
The currently known control elements for STM's utilize a combination of three piezoelectric control elements for the scanning operation (a tripod with one control element in each of the three coordinate directions x, y, z) and further control elements for the manipulation of the object which operate either piezoelectrically, electromagnetically or mechanically, G. Binnig and H. Rohrer, "Das Raster-Tunnelmikroskop", Spektrum der Wissenschaft, 1985, pages 62-68; J. Moreland, et al., "Electromagnetic Squeezer for Compressing Squeezable Electron Tunnel Junctions", Rev. Sci. Instrum., 55, 1984, page 399. The complex construction of these control elements is susceptible to disturbances; vibrations and temperature drifts are almost impossible to avoid. Moreover, critical is the necessity of a high voltage operation of these elements.
A two-directional piezoelectric driven fine adjusting device is disclosed in Ishikawa, U.S. Pat. No. 4,163,168, in which first and second counter piezo-electric members which are fixed to each other are expandable and contractable in directions differing from each other responsive to the selective application of electrical signals. Slide members are fixed to the piezoelectric members and some into sliding contact with a base and electrical attraction devices which are responsive to applied electrical signals for attracting and fasting the slide members to a movable plate. The device disclosed herein is cumbersome and does not afford the accuracy of movement contemplated by the inventive kinematic arrangement.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide an arrangement for implementing motion sequences, which features a high degree of stabililty, a precise control over the movement, simple construction, low susceptibility to vibrations and a low temperature drift.
The foregoing object is achieved through the provision of a kinematic arrangement of the above-mentioned type, in accordance with which the object is supported on at least one motion-imparting or kinematic element constituted of piezoelectric material, and which is deformable through the application of electrical voltages. Supports or supporting points for the object on the kinematic or motion-imparting element are changed in position through a deformation of the piezoelectric material due to the application of electrical voltage variations to the kinematic element, which so changes in its position that the object which is supported by the kinematic element will move in desired directions within a plane predetermined by the location of the object on the supports. This motion can be purely translatory, however, the object can also be caused to be rotated about an axis or tilted by the kinematic element.
Pursuant to another aspect of the invention, the kinematic arrangement may include a plurality of object-supporting kinematic elements, preferably although not necessarily consisting of three such elements each possessing a support-point or plane for the object to be able to impart the desired, above-mentioned motion to the object. For this purpose, each of the three piezoelectric kinematic elements is separately actuatable.
Pursuant to a further feature of the invention, it is contemplated that at least one part of the motion-imparting or kinematic element is constructed hollow-cylindrically and provides a supporting surface for the object at the end of the kinematic element. The supporting surface for the object at the end of the hollow-cylindrical kinematic element may e.g. consist of a plurality of circumferentially spaced support balls or spheres; for example, three equally spaced balls to provide a stable positioning of the object on the kinematic element. Such a cylindrical kinematic element possesses a high mechanical rigidity.
Preferably, the hollow-cylindrical kinematic element is or the kinematic elements are equipped on one of its or their cylindrical walls with a closed electrically-conductive coating and on its or their other cylindrical wall with a plurality of electrically-conductive part coatings which are insulated relative to each other. In this construction, as a result of the application of a voltage between the coatings present on both cylinder walls, there is obtained either a shortening or elongation of the kinematic element. For effectuating a bending of the kinematic element, a voltage is applied between the closed coating and a part coating.
Furthermore, through a superposition of the applied voltages it is possible to implement all of the positional changes which are required for the movement of the object. The electrical voltages which are necessary therefor can be maintained relatively low by using thin walled kinematic elements.
Expediently, the part coatings which are insulated relative to each other extend along one of the cylinder walls in the direction along the axis of the cylinder. The part coatings are separated from each other by insulations which extend between the part coatings in parallel with the axis of the cylinder. Due to technology reasons the electrically conductive part coatings are preferably arranged on the outer cylinder wall.
By superposition of voltages applied to the inner and outer coatings and by voltages applied to the part coatings the kinematic element can be elongated or shortened and can be bended in any desired direction. The kinematic elements can, thusly, be extremely exactly controlled in the X, Y and Z direction by the superposition of the voltages.
An optimized electrical control over the kinematic elements is attained when every electrically-conductive coating on the cylinder surfaces of a kinematic element is separately controllable. An adjustment of the resting position of the kinematic elements can be achieved through the application of a direct-current (D.C.) voltage upon which there is superimposed the alternating-current (A.C.) voltage necessary for the operation.
Preferred areas of application for the inventive kinematic arrangement are microscopes, including light-optical and electron microscopes, especially scanning electron microscopes. Hereby, the kinematic arrangement serves as an object carrier or support for the objects which are to be examined microscopically. Also for the analysis and processing of objects utilized in the micro-technology; for example, in the high-integration electronic structures, the kinematic arrangement is adapted for the manipulation of objects. The kinematic element can also be applied to an axially supported object in order to provide micro rotations.
Particularly advantageous is the utilization of the kinematic arrangement as an object support and scanning provision for a Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM). For this case of utilization, the kinematic arrangement is rigidly interconnected with a scan element on which the tunnel tip is fastened. This type of connection between the kinematic object support and scanning elements onto one compact modular unit, leads to a high degree of mechanical stability and unsusceptibility to temperatures in the Scanning Tunneling Microscope. In accordance with one embodiment, the scan element is constructed in the same manner as is a kinematic element. Hereby, it especially consists of a hollow-cylindrical piezoelectric material which, on its inner and outer cylindrical walls, is provided with electrically-conductive coatings or, respectively, part coatings. This analogous construction of the scan element and the kinematic elements in the utilization of the kinematic arrangement in an STM leads to a high degree of freedom from vibration and to compensation of the temperature drift. Moreover, the same construction for the kinematic elements and the scan element also facilitates that the scanning movement which is necessary for the STM utilization can be carried out by the kinematic elements instead of the scan element.
For temperature measurement of the object, at least one of the kinematic elements may be equipped with a thermal sensor.
In accordance with another feature of the invention, it is possible to position the object stationarily, to place the kinematic arrangement upside down onto the object and let the kinematic arrangement walk over the surface of the object. Thereby enabling the investigation of larger objects.
Further features, advantages, and objects of the present invention may now be readily ascertained from the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments thereof, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings; in which:
FIG. 1 generally schematically illustrates a perspective view of a kinematic arrangement as an object support and scan element utilized in a Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM);
FIG. 2 illustrates a perspective view of one of the kinematic elements;
FIG. 2a illustrates a transverse sectional view through the kinematic element of FIG. 2;
FIG. 3 illustrates the sequence of movements of the kinematic elements during the manipulation of an object, with the kinematic element jumping away from the object (FIG. 3a), with the sliding movement of the kinematic element along the surface of the object (FIG. 3b);
FIG. 4 illustrates a transport arrangement for the micro-movement of objects over a greater distance;
FIG. 5 illustrates a perspective view of a scan element, and FIG. 5a illustrates a transverse section therethrough;
FIG. 6 illustrates kinematic elements with a thermal sensor and an electrical potential connection to the object including scan element, shown in a longitudinal sectional view;
FIG. 7 gradually schematically illustrates a perspective view of another embodiment of a kinematic arrangement pursuant to the invention;
FIG. 8 illustrates a perspective view of a kinematic element modified with respect to that of FIG. 2; and
FIG. 9 illustrates a transverse sectional view through the kinematic element of FIG. 8.
FIG. 1 illustrates a kinematic arrangement for a Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) which is constituted of three motion-imparting or kinematic elements 1, 2, 3; including a scan element 4 which is herein centrally located intermediate the kinematic elements 1, 2, 3 for the measurement of the tunnel current. All kinematic elements 1, 2, 3 and the scan element 4 (each) possess the same construction. For the configuration of the elements in the disclosed embodiment, there are employed cylindrical components constituted of a piezoelectric material; for example, piezoceramic, whereby the kinematic elements are provided at one end with a support 5 for an object 6 which is to be examined with the STM, and wherein the scan element 4 is equipped with a tunneling tip 7.
The kinematic elements 1, 2, 3 and the scan element 4, in the embodiment, are fastened onto a common base plate 8. Voltages can be applied to each of the elements, causing a shortening or elongation, or a bending of the elements.
The object 6 rests on the supports 5 of the kinematic elements 1, 2, 3 which, in this embodiment, are spherical in shape. Through the intermediary of this three-pointed support for the object 6, there is obtained a stable support for the object. The object rests normally on the supports by gravitational force, however, it can also be pressed against the supports 5 by the elastic force of a spring.
The construction of kinematic elements 1, 2 or 3 is elucidated in FIG. 2 of the drawings. FIG. 2 illustrates the kinematic element with superimposed support 5 in a perspective representation. A cross-section through the kinematic element is illustrated in FIG. 2a. The kinematic element consists of a tube of piezoceramic material 9. In the illustrated embodiment, the piezoceramic tube possesses an outer diameter of 2 mm and an inner diameter of 1 mm. The inner wall of the tube 9 is coated with a closed electrically conductive layer 10, forming the inner electrode. The outer cylindrical wall of the kinematic element is provided with four electrically-conductive part coatings forming strip electrodes 11 to 14, which are electrically insulated with respect to each other through insulations 15. The part coatings 11 to 14 are arranged on the outer cylindrical wall in parallel with the axis 16 of the kinematic element, the insulations 15 extend in the direction of the axis. In the illustrated embodiment, the piezoelectric material is radially polarized, as indicated in FIG. 2a by arrows 17.
Connected to the inner coating 10 and the part coatings 11 to 14 are electrical conductors 18 to 22, for the application of voltages to the kinematic element. The required voltages for the movements of the kinematic elements in the X, Y and Z directions are provided by the generator 23.
When all part coatings 11 to 14 are on the same electrical potential, and a voltage is applied between these part coatings and the inner coatings 10, the kinematic element deforms in the axial direction; in effect, it either elongates or shortens in the Z-direction in dependence upon the polarity of the applied voltage. However, when a voltage is applied between individual part coatings and the inner coating 10 of the piezoelectric tube 9, the free end of the kinematic element possessing the support 5 bends perpendicular to its axis 16 in the X or Y direction. The bending is intensified when voltages of opposite polarity are applied between the part coatings arranged opposite each other on the outer cylindrical wall; thus for example between the part coatings 11 and 13 or 12 and 14, whereby the inner coating is at zero potential.
Through superposition of the above-mentioned voltages, the kinematic element can be deformed in such a manner that the support 5 will carry out every movement which is necessary for a desired change in position of the object, whereby the operating voltages which are required therefor are relatively low because of the dimensions and thin walled construction of the kinematic element.
The kinematic elements 1, 2, 3 and scan element 4 are so adjusted in height relative to each other than the distance between tunneling tip 7 and the surface of object 6 reaches a sufficient small gap needed for tunneling microscopy. A fine adjustment of the distance between the tunneling tip and the surface of the object is carried out by the application of a suitable voltage to the kinematic elements and/or the scan element. The arrangement of kinematic elements and the scan element on the same base plate, and the identical, piezoceramic material, dimensions and configurations for the kinematic elements and scan element leads to the same thermal expansion behavior and to an ideal compensation of thermal drifts.
In order to obtain a displacement or rotation of the object, FIG. 3 schematically illustrates two possible motion cycles for the kinematic elements;
FIG. 3a illustrates a motion cycle, in which for the conveyance of an object from point A to point B, the support 5 of a kinematic element is moved in four sequential operating steps, as follows:
(a) Through the synchronized and uniform elongation of all three kinematic elements 1, 2, 3, the object is initially raised in a first step a in the Z-direction away from the operativ position of the tunneling tip 7.
(b) In the second step b, the kinematic elements are rapidly lowered in the Z-direction, pivoted hereby in the X-Y plane and again raised, such that there is obtained a somewhat semi-circular path as the line of movement. This second step b is so controlled in duration, that the speed of lowering of the supports 5 in the Z-direction is higher than the movement of the object in the same direction under the influence of gravity. The supports 5 of the kinematic elements detach themselves at point A from the object during the second operating step, because of the inertia of the object, and will again support the object at point B at the end of the operating step.
(c) The third step c is a slow movement of the support 5 in the X-Y plane, whereby the object remains resting on the three kinematic elements, and is being transported in the direction of the movement of the kinematic elements the distance between the points A and B.
(d) After completion of the transport the object is lowered in the fourth step to the normal operation distance of the tunnel tip in Z-direction. At the end of this operating step, the kinematic elements are again located in their initial position, and the object has been displaced by the distance between the points A and B.
The operating steps b and c can be repeated for so long, until the object has reached the operating position wich is desired for the STM examination. Thereafter follows step d for approaching the tunneling distance between tip 7 and object surface.
A motion sequence for the kinematic elements which is simplified in comparison with the above-described sequence is illustrated in FIG. 3b. The kinematic elements are, in accordance therewith, actuated in only two operating steps;
(a) As the first step a there is effected a rapid movement of the support 5 on the object surface from point A towards point B. During this movement of the kinematic elements, because its inertia the object again remains in an almost unchanged position.
(b) During the second step b the kinematic elements are slowly returned to their initial positions carrying the object over the distance between the points A and B.
Each of the motion sequences represented in FIGS. 3a and 3b can be carried out as a single step or can be repeated by applying of voltage pulse sequences to the kinematic elements. The step width and the step frequency of the supports on the kinematic elements can be varied within a wide range by a suitable control of voltage amplitude and pulse frequency. With the used piezoelectric kinematic elements reproducible micro steps of less than 10 nm could be carried out.
The motion sequences which can be carried out by means of the kinematic elements are not limited to the movements illustrated in FIGS. 3a and 3b. To the contrary, it is possible to correlate the movement of the kinematic elements with the applicable case of utilization. For example, in addition to the abovedescribed motion sequences, there are also possible elliptical movements of the supports, or an upward throw of the object with a rapid positional change of the supports. The control of the motion sequences is hereby carried out with consideration being given to the inertia of the object.
By means of the described kinematic arrangement it is also possible to impart rotation to the objects around an axis perpendicular to the support plane. The rotation of the object is effected through suitable vectorial addition of the voltages in the X- and Y-direction for each individual kinematic element. Moreover, the objects can also be tilted. For this purpose, the individual kinematic elements are to be differently elongated or shortened. The kinematic arrangement, in addition to translatory motions also allows for a rotation and tilting of the objects.
The described kinematic elements can also be applied for a precise transport of objects over extended distances. A transport table 24 with a plurality of mutually neighboringly arranged kinematic elements 25 is illustrated in FIG. 4. The kinematic elements are spaced relative to each other in such a distance, that the object will be supported all the time by at least 3 kinematic elements. The object can be transported to any position on the table 24.
FIG. 5 illustrates, in a perspective representation, a scan element 4 of a kinematic arrangement for an STM as shown in FIG. 1. The scan element is constructed in the same manner as a kinematic element. It possess a tube 26 of the same, radially-polarized piezoelectric material as does the tube 9 in FIG. 2. It is provided on its internal cylindrical wall with a closed electrically-conductive coating 27 forming an inner elctrode, and on its external cylindrical wall with electrically-conductive part coatings 28 to 31, with insulating layers 32 in between. In contrast to the kinematic element, a tunnel tip 7 is connected to the scan element instead of the support 5.
FIG. 5 schematically illustrates the electrical connections for the scan element 4. The tunnel current is conducted from the tunneling tip 7 via the conductor 33 to the amplifier 34. The output voltage of the amplifier is employed for the movement of the scan element in the Z-direction (axial direction).
For scanning the tunneling tip 7 in the X- and Y-direction, two sweep generators 35 and 36 are used. The base potential of these generators is superimposed by the control voltage for the Z-direction. The outputs of the sweep generators are connected via the conductors 37, 38 and 39, 40 with the part coatings of the scan elements 28, 30 and 29, 31. The inner electrode 27 is in this embodiment connected to ground potential. In this manner, the inner electrode can serve as a shielding for the electrical conductor 33.
FIG. 6 shows in a cross-sectional view different feedthroughs for conductors inside the kinematic elements 2, 3 and the scan element 4. The conductor 33 is connected to the tunnel tip and is shielded by the grounded inner electrode of the tube. The tunnel current is amplified and measured in the known and usual manner for STM's.
The temperature of the surface of the object can be measured by means of a thermal sensor 41, which is located inside the support 5 of the kinematic element 3, as shown in FIG. 6. The connections to the sensor are led through the inner of the tube of the kinematic element. In the embodiment of FIG. 6 a second kinematic element 2 is equipped with a conductor 42 which is connected to the support 5. Placing the object 6 onto the supports 5 provides an electrical conduct between the object and conductor 42. The potential of the object 6 can thus be varied or determined or the connector 42 can be used to measure the tunnel current beween object 6 and tunnel tip 7.
A further type of micromanipulator is illustrated in FIG. 7. The kinematic arrangement consists of only one kinematic element 50 similar to that in FIG. 2. The reference numbers correspond to identical construction elements. However, instead of a single support 5, the kinematic element has a plurality of supporting points or spheres 54 arranged circumferentially at the rim of the piezoceramic tube 9 in order to form a probe carrier. In FIG. 7 the minimum number of only 3 supporting spheres are shown. However, shape and number of the supports 54 can be varied depending on the special demands.
The FIGS. 8 and 9 illustrate a possible variation of the kinematic element or scan element shown in the FIGS. 2 and 5. In this embodiment, only three outer electrodes are provided rather than four as in the previously described construction. This variation takes into account that the kinematic element can be bent in all X-Y-directions using only three electrodes.
The kinematic arrangement which is illustrated in the exemplary embodiment is not only employable for the movement of the object in an STM. Understandably, it can also be employed for the manipulation of an object for any kind of micromovement; for microscopic examinations, as well as for treatment of objects in the microtechnology. For example, it can be employed for microlithography; for this purpose the tunneling tip has to be replaced by a suited tool. Beside this, the general construction of the kinematic arrangement can, in principle, be maintained unchanged.
In modern high-integration technology the demand for precise spatially resolved analysis and treatment techniques is steadily growing. In the large scale integration of semiconductor devices, sub micron structures are envisioned. This goal can hardly be reached with conventional methods like optical or particle beam technology.
A kinematic arrangement of the described type is not only capable to analyze structures down to atomic dimensions using the STM method, but also to produce structures with lateral resolutions in the nm range. In the simplest instance, the construction of such an arrangement can be similar to that of the previously described STM application. The object which is to be analized or treated again rests on at least three supporting elements. For treatment purposes the tunnel tip has to be replaced by a treating tool. This treating tool, for example, can consist of a sharply-pointed diamond tip which can be conveyed over the surface of the object digging apertures and carving structures on the surface of the object. The operations can be implemented at high speeds and with high precision using computer controls. Since the arrangement is capable of transporting the object with high resolution over large distances, semiconductor wavers of large dimensions can be implemented with microstructures.
Adapted as a further treating implement, which can be mounted on a kinematic element, is also a field-emission tip. Caused by electron or ion emission, or only by high electrical fields, surface atoms and molecules can be locally activated. This procedure can be utilized, for example, for the localized cracking of hydrocarbon compounds, which leads to a chemical conversion of the "treated" molecules.
A further utilization for the described kinematic arrangement with a treating element is in the field of microbiology. Organic molecular chains, viruses or bacteria can not only be analyzed, but through the application of fields at localized target points, a separation or modification of the molecular chain can be carried out. This capability of a local operation in the molecular range also opens completely new possibilities in the field of genetic technology.
It is also logical, within the scope of the invention, that the kinematic element or elements or the arrangement are inverted so as to be supported on the upper surface of a positionally fixed or stationary object which is to be scanned. In other words the kinematic arrangement is capable to walk or crawl over the surface of the object in a "beetle-like" manner, allowing thus the investigation or treatment of larger objects.
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|ISSN 1088-6850(online) ISSN 0002-9947(print)
The viscous Cahn-Hilliard equation:
Abstract | References | Similar Articles | Additional Information
Abstract: In this paper we establish a Morse decomposition of the stationary solutions of the one-dimensional viscous Cahn-Hilliard equation by explicit energy calculations. Strong non-degeneracy of the stationary solutions is proven away from turning points and points of bifurcation from the homogeneous state and the dimension of the unstable manifold is calculated for all stationary states. In the unstable case, the flow on the global attractor is shown to be semi-conjugate to the flow on the global attractor of the Chaffee-Infante equation, and in the metastable case close to the nonlocal reaction-diffusion limit, a partial description of the structure of the global attractor is obtained by connection matrix arguments, employing a partial energy ordering and the existence of a weak lap number principle.
Retrieve articles in Transactions of the American Mathematical Society with MSC (1991): 35K22, 35K30, 58F12, 58F39
Retrieve articles in all journals with MSC (1991): 35K22, 35K30, 58F12, 58F39
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Chimney Sweeps Of America Inc
Is this your business? Claim your profile
11900 W 44th Ave(303) 973-7376
Wheat Ridge, CO 80033
Wheat Ridge, CO 80033
Contact: Geypens, Jon
Business Description: Family owned and operated since 1982. NFI certified installers and service technicians. All of our technicians within Chimney Sweeps of America are CSIA nationally certified sweeps. Based on our certifications and continued education in our industry, we're considered as our industry leaders and standard setters.
Services: Animal Removal, Chimney Caps, Chimney Repair, Chimney Sweep, Dryer Vent Cleaning, Fireplaces, Gutter Cleaning
In Business Since: 1982
Service Area: Greater Denver Area - Fort Collins to Colorado Springs - Will take appointments for the entire Colorado area
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Licensed: Yes, I am appropriately licensed for my trade.
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Family Game Night 4: The Game Show
Critic Reviews
|Game Chronicles
|6.1 out of 10
|Official Xbox Magazine
|2 out of 10
|Official Xbox Magazine UK
|3 out of 10
Critic Reviews and more information can be found at GameRankings.
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36 year old woman | Mount Dora, FL, USA | Seeking men 25-50
Hello Kitty is lonely! lol
I am looking for my prince charming! Someone who can love me for me, take me out, and make me laugh. We can travel do wonderful things together. Have beautiful children live happily ever after!!! Warning, if you fall in any of the categories below do not contact me! 1) Have a temper 2) are a pathological liar 3) are always broke 4) do not have a car 5) do not have a job 6) are a cheater or have ever cheated 7) looking for a one night stand 8) a player 9) are stuck on yourself 10) are married or have a girlfriend 11) hate dogs (especially little cute yorkies!) 12) looking for a hot bimbo barbie doll 13) are attached to your family at the hip 14) hate warm weather, the sun, going to the beach 15) your dream is to one day live in Alaska 16) do not have a sense of humor (I can get kind of crazy sometimes and I think I am pretty funny! lol) 17) do not want children 18) think that babies are cuter then puppies! Come on lets get real, all babies look the same!They all have a bald head and they cry way too much. Now puppies are just adorable! LOL, I may change my mind once I have my own baby :) 19) you smoke 20) missing teeth 21) you are corny. Most people can't handle my sarcasm and wit. If you think being corny is funny please move on to the next profile. There is nothing worse than a man who is is not able to make me laugh. 22) I don't mind if you already have children or a child BUT if you do not have any extra money to play with or take a lady out to eat please move on to the next profile. I do not have to pay child support and I do not think it's fair if that is where most of your money goes. It takes away from our fun :) 23) you do not know how to spell "a lot" (Yay!!! now you know that it's not one word :) lol) 24) you do not know the difference between "bored" and "board". Do you want to play monopoly??? You are so going to lose. lol 25) can't speak or dress properly 26) If you actually liked the movie "Twilight" lol 27) You send emails like "hey, what's up" or "Want to meet up tonight?" 28) You do not know how to drive a stick shift 29) if you don't read my list 30) if you take my list too seriously! lol Okay, time to get serious... I have a good life but I am missing that special person. I want to find a man who is real, who finds me beautiful in their eyes , loves me for me, loves to laugh, have fun, can make me smile like no one else, and wants to find their soulmale. Beauty is in the eyes of the beholder. I know I am not a 10 but when two people fall in love, a 6 or a 7 will turn out to be a 10 when you can finish each others sentences. If you have a picture with your shirt off or you are taking a picture of your muscles, please do not contact me.I don't care how hot you are. I want a down to earth guy who is not into himself. Oh yeah, I tried the nice guy thing. You know when someone is really nice but not attractive and you give it a go anyways.. That doesn't work in the long run no matter how nice they are. I at least want to be somewhat attracted to my partner:) FACTS ABOUT ME: 1) I am shy when I first meet someone so I hope you can entertain me :) 2) I do not want to cuddle or hold hands with any guy unless we have been dating for a while and are comfortable with each other. What is up with all these guys saying they want to cuddle. Why would someone want to cuddle with a stranger? lol 3)I hate the quote "life is short"!! Life is not short. Do you know how many seconds, minutes, hours, and days there are in just one year? Not saying that life is bad, just saying that it is not short! Who came up with that saying and why does everyone agree??? lol
Coffee and conversation , Cooking , Dining out , Fishing/Hunting , Movies/Videos , Music and concerts , Exploring new areas , Nightclubs/Dancing , Playing cards , Shopping/Antiques , Travel/Sightseeing , Video games , Wine tasting
Bowling, Other types of exercise, VolleyBall
I exercise 1-2 times per week.
I have Cats, Dogs
I have a little yorkie, shepoo, and a cat.
Middle of the Road
any beach, dowtown Mt Dora, nice restaurants(prime rib, lobster, pizza), my house. lol
country music, pop music and some soul. I like to watch 20/20, 48 hours, dateline, who the bleep did I marry, snapped, the bachelor/bachelorette(but don't tell anyone. lol), I like movies such as drama, thriller, romantic, comedies.
movies, reality shows, good food, beaches, pools, hot tubs, trying new things, tropical islands, cruises,
true crime
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
|What she is looking for
|5'2" (157cms)
|5'7" (170cms) to 7'1" (215cms)
|Body type:
|About average
|About average, Athletic and toned, A few extra pounds
|No preference
|Dark brown
|Black, Light brown, Dark brown, Blonde, Salt and pepper, Silver, Dark blonde
|No Way
|No Way
|Social Drinker
|Social Drinker, Moderately
|I'll tell you later
|No preference
|I'll tell you later
|$35,001 to $50,000, $50,001 to $75,000, $75,001 to $100,000, $100,001 to $150,000, $150,001+
|Never Married
|Never Married, Widow / Widower, Divorced
|Have kids:
|Yes, and they sometimes live at home, No
|Wants kids:
|White / Caucasian
|Asian, Black / African descent, East Indian, Latino / Hispanic, Middle Eastern, Native American, Pacific Islander, White / Caucasian, Other
|Christian / Catholic
|No preference
|Arabic, Chinese, Dutch, English, French, German, Hebrew, Hindi, Italian, Japanese, Norwegian, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Swedish, Tagalog, Urdu
|Some college
|No preference


text:
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"These cards are perfect. They're small and dainty but it adds to the elegance of it. The designer was amazing in helping my design come to life."
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Ermagerhhddd. Nick Jonas, the ex-boyfriend to Miley Cyrus and rumored dinner date, finally broke his silence on the did-they-didn't-they-go-to-dinner in Toluca Lake last week.
Nick called into Ryan Seacrest's radio show this morning to clear the air, so any MiLiam fans can just calm down!
Last week, a fan wrote on Twitter that she had spotted Miley and Nick Jonas getting dinner at a restaurant in Toluca Lake, CA called Patys.
Miley immediately shot it down, saying, "I literally haven't seen Nick Jonas in years. Don't believe everything you read folks."
Of course Miley shot it down, because responding to the h8rz on Twitter is her job now, but Nick is finally talking about it.
"I read it online actually and I was like, 'Oh, that's interesting,'" says Nick, "No, I didn't meet up with her."
Awww, we were actually hoping for a reunion. It was just so juicy.
"I think that it's one of those things that it's like, there are a lot of people that look like me I guess in that particular town. Maybe they're running around meeting with Miley," Nick joked.
Nick adds, "[Miley and I] are really friendly. We've got a good relationship. I'm happy for her and Liam."
Awww, that's cute. Too bad. Nick wrote a song about Miley recently. It's a love ballad, but Nick was clear to state that it was about his feelings "at the time" when he was dating Miley.


text:
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Discover Top Modern Coins With New KP Book
IOLA, Wis. (May 7, 2012) — You want to assemble a great coin collection, but your budget is limited. You're never going to be able to spend $10,000 or more for a gold coin from the 1800s. But that's … Continue reading
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3 Mission Valley West Apartments For Rent
San Diego, CA
We found 3 apartments for rent in the Mission Valley West neighborhood of San Diego, California. Refine your search by using the filter at the top of the page to view 1, 2 or 3+ bedroom apartments for rent in Mission Valley West as well as cheap apartments, pet friendly apartments, apartments with utilities included and more. Use our customizable guide to refine your options for apartments in Mission Valley West and find exactly what you want during your San Diego, California apartment search.
Presidio View1440 Hotel Circle North San Diego, CA 9210832.760433 -117.175577+−Preview DetailsCollapse Details
1 Bedroom 1 Bathroom, 2 Bedroom 2 Bathroom and 3 Bedroom 2 Bathroom Apartments with washer/dryer in home, stainless steel appliances, granite counter tops, pool and spa, and 24 hr fitness center.
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Live in style in a brand new 1, 2, or 3 bedroom ultraspacious luxury rental apartment homes. Avalon Fashion Valley is your personal retreat just across the road from great shopping, dining and entertainment at the Fashion Valley Mall. Just minutes to the Gaslamp District, La Jolla, and Balboa Park.
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6540 Friars Rd | San Diego, CA See Other Essex Property Trust, Inc. Communities
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Book Search
1-1 of 1 results for Author: graeme smith (sorted by Publication Date, showing all)
East Asia's Demand for Energy, Minerals and Food
The International Politics of Resources
China Japan and South Korea's international relations are shaped by the fact that all three countries are significant importers of resources. This book brings together work on specific aspects of the politics of resources for each of these countries, regionally and internationally. There are some...
Published September 22nd 2014 by Routledge


text:
OPERATING INCOME. Operating income for the second quarter increased 19.7% to RMB56.3 million ($9.2 million) compared to RMB47.0 million in the prior year period. Operating margin improved to 39.7% from 36.6% in the prior year period as a result of higher gross margin and effective cost controls. Depreciation and amortization expenses for the second quarter were RMB8.7 million ($1.4 million), compared to RMB8.3 million in the prior year period.
Research and Development Expenses. Research and development expenses, which have been stable in the last few quarters, were RMB2.3 million ($0.4 million).
Sales and Marketing Expenses. Sales and marketing expenses for the second quarter amounted to RMB27.6 million ($4.5 million), compared to RMB23.5 million in the prior year period. The increase in sales and marketing expenses continued to correlate with the increase in revenue. Aside from higher staff costs, additional expenses were incurred for the marketing effort in preparation for the large scale Zhejiang market launch. However, management continued to monitor sales and marketing expenses and maintained consistent level of cost efficiency through cost cutting and prudent spending. As a result, sales and marketing expenses as a percentage of revenue decreased to 19.5% of revenues from 22.1% in the first quarter of the current fiscal year.
General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses were stable at RMB28.0 million ($4.6 million), compared to RMB29.0 million in the prior year period and RMB27.4 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2014. As a percentage of revenue, general and administrative expenses decreased to 19.8% compared to 22.6% in the prior year period and 21.3% in the first quarter of fiscal 2014.
|SOURCE China Cord Blood Corporation
Copyright©2012 PR Newswire.
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26 year old man | Irvine, CA, USA | Seeking women 21-30 within 50 miles
I'm just going to pretend that this is a witty hook that will grab your attention... did it work? =P
Hi there! I'll start with the basics to get them out of the way: I have a strong career, a good education, and a car (and I'm happy to drive to meet that right person)... in other words, I have my life in good order and am just looking for the right gal to share it with :) I'm a creative, intellectual, down-to earth, "mature for my age" young gentleman with a good sense of humor (I rather enjoy spreading laughter!). I'm confident and decisive, passionate and ambitious, know what I want from life, and have strong principles and morals: I can take charge when necessary and lead the way, but I also pride myself on being attentive to others and thoughtful of their needs; in short, I'm a nice guy who knows how to man-up when needed. Honesty and integrity are also very important to me, and so is intellectual engagement: quality communication is paramount to a good relationship in my book. When I'm not working my bum off, I enjoy a pretty wide variety of activities: whether going out or staying in, I can probably find something I'll enjoy. I also really love to cook and bake, and am told I'm pretty good at it. Though I may have a pretty nerdy (but awesome!) job, I'm quite sociable and get along well with people; family is also very important to me, and I try to visit mine often. All that said, a little "alone time" is still pretty nice sometimes too. I'm looking for a serious, committed relationship (I'm not interested in "flings" or "playing games"), but believe that the strongest relationships are built on top of strong friendships, so I'm in no rush. In a partner I'm looking for someone that can enjoy an intelligent conversation with me, join in creative endeavors, has her own passions and ambitions, a strong sense of values, and is hopefully at a similar point in her life as I am in mine. If you read all the way down here, you're awesome: I owe you dessert.
Alumni connections , Coffee and conversation , Cooking , Dining out , Hobbies and crafts , Movies/Videos , Museums and art , Music and concerts , Performing arts , Playing cards , Political interests , Shopping/Antiques , Travel/Sightseeing , Video games , Wine tasting
Weights / Machines
I like Birds, Cats, Dogs, Exotic Pets, Fish, Horses
I don't have any pets, but I get along pretty well with most animals and like pets overall. Dogs are my favorite though.
Some other viewpoint
Southern California (that's where I grew up), Hawai'i (especially the West/North sides of the Island), Monterey, the Redwood Forests, Catalina Island
Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA
Entertainment: Comedy, action, sci-fi, fantasy, and intellectual intrigue; books, movies,TV shows, and games are all good Food: Irish and Japanese...very different, but equally delicious! I cook both :) A good, intellectual conversation is the best
I like to entertain others, whether it's telling jokes, sharing a favorite movie or show, cooking a meal, or playing a game. I also enjoy my alone time with a variety of hobbies: I'm pretty crafty =)
I read a decent amount of documentation for work, and a lot of articles online to keep up-to-date on the industry. I also enjoy the occasional novel (or graphic novel), and have "Ender's Shadow" sitting on my nightstand just waiting to be read.
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
|What he is looking for
|5'8" (172cms)
|3'0" (91cms) to 8'11" (271cms)
|Body type:
|About average
|Slender, About average, Curvy, Athletic and toned, A few extra pounds
|No preference
|Dark brown
|No preference
|No Way
|No Way
|Social Drinker
|No preference
|Other profession
|No preference
I'm a professional video-game designer at a large, "AAA" studio. It's pretty demanding, but still a ton of fun.
|$75,001 to $100,000
|No preference
|Never Married
|Never Married
|Have kids:
|Wants kids:
|Definitely, Someday, Not sure
|White / Caucasian
|No preference
Mostly Scottish, Irish, and Italian, with some other parts of Europe thrown in =P
|Christian / Other
|Agnostic, Christian / Catholic, Christian / LDS, Christian / Protestant, Jewish, Muslim / Islam, Spiritual but not religious, Other, Christian / Other
|Graduate degree
|Some college, Associates degree, Bachelors degree, Graduate degree, PhD / Post Doctoral
I got my Bachelor's at UCI (University of California, Irvine), and my Master's at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. It's cold there!


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BY Robin Rhys on Sat October 13th, 2012
It's the end of the week, so we're rounding up all the best new games for the weekend.
Continue reading →
BY Christine Chan on Fri October 12th, 2012
Get ready for some addictive fun this weekend with our top game picks!
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BY Christine Chan on Thu October 04th, 2012
This cute little sugar cube messed with the wrong lemon, and now he's struggling to not get turned into a melty mess! Do you have what it takes to save Sugar Kid?
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This will be the second in a series of articles designed to find value in today's stock market environment. However, it will be the first of 10 articles covering the 10 major general sectors. In my first article (found here), I laid the foundation that represents the two primary underlying ideas supporting the need to publish such a treatise. First and foremost, that it is not a stock market; rather it is a market of stocks. Second, that regardless of the level of the general market, there will always be overvalued, undervalued and fairly valued individual stocks to be found.
Additionally, my focus in this and all subsequent articles will be on identifying fairly valued dividend growth stocks within each of the 10 general sectors that can be utilized to fund and support retirement portfolios. Therefore, when I am finished, the individual investor interested in designing their own retirement portfolio should find an ample number of selections to properly diversify a dividend growth portfolio with.
With the above second notion in mind, this article will look for undervalued and fairly valued individual companies within the general sector 10 - Energy. Within this general sector, there are several subsectors which I list as follows:
My Selection Methodology
Before I go any further, an important disclosure is in order. I will produce a list of companies in this article (and all subsequent articles), that are names that I have hand-selected from a much larger universe. My selections were made by reviewing the individual earnings and price correlated F.A.S.T. Graphs™ on all appropriate companies that I identified within the sector. Some might say my method of identifying them was not very scientific, but I would counter that it was very thorough and comprehensive. On the other hand, I will admit to it being somewhat arbitrary and based on my own judgments.
Here is the basic method that I utilized. In order to find undervalued or fairly valued companies within the Energy Sector, I utilized the assistance of the F.A.S.T. Graphs™ screening tool in the following manner. First, I asked the screener to only look for companies within the sector 10-Energy. Then I asked to search for any company within the sector that had a current dividend yield of 2% or better. The only reason I chose a dividend yield of 2% or better is because it is above the current dividend yield of the S&P 500. Finally, I included ADRs and all companies listed on the Canadian stock exchanges.
This produced a gross list of 219 individual companies. Then I created a personal portfolio comprised of these 219 individual companies and sorted them in alphabetical order. Next, I reviewed the individual graphs of each company and either rejected it or added it to my final list of potential candidates based on whether or not I felt it had an adequate history and a reasonable level of consistency within that history. But most importantly, I looked for companies that I felt were reasonably valued, or close to it today, based on current earnings and expected future earnings growth. Then I broke my refined list into two categories:
1. Conservative Growth and Income - 14 companies made this list.
2. Aggressive Growth and Income - 40 companies made this list
Before I present each of these lists, and my featured selection from each, it's important that the reader understands that these are prescreened lists of potential candidates prior to the necessary more comprehensive research effort. In other words, I am not recommending any of these stocks for current investment. Instead, I am recommending them as companies with good historical records that appear reasonably valued, and therefore, worthy of investing the time and effort to take a closer look at.
The Energy Sector: General Characteristics and Considerations
As I reviewed all the individual selections from my screened list of the Energy Sector, several attributes became readily apparent to me. First of all, a majority of companies in the Energy Sector seem to be very sensitive to recessions. More plainly stated, earnings tend to fall when recessions hit, and stock prices tend to follow. On the other hand, there is a tendency to see earnings grow rather dramatically after recessions end. This creates a certain degree of cyclicality, but not as much as a true deep cyclical.
Furthermore, I feel it goes without saying that the Energy Sector is actually quite diverse. What I'm alluding to here is that many energy companies have their prospects tied directly to the underlying prices of the commodities that they operate in. Of course, I am referring to oil, gas and coal as the primary commodities. On the other hand, there are companies in the Energy Sector whose prospects are not directly tied to underlying commodities prices. These would include pure transportation and storage companies. What this means is that a portfolio can actually hold more than one energy company and still be arguably diversified, rather than overweight energy.
Additional diversity characteristics of companies in the Energy Sector relate to the various business configurations and capital structures of many publicly-traded energy concerns. Of course, we have the traditional C Corp, which includes well-known majors such as Chevron, Exxon and BP, etc. These typically corporate structured energy companies operate and look like most every other publicly-traded company. However, the Energy Sector also is privileged, thanks to the Tax Reform Act of 1986 and the Revenue Act of 1987. These reforms allowed companies dealing with natural resources liquidity, tax benefits and unique structures, the most common of which is the MLP (Master Limited Partnership). Although there are tax considerations with including MLPs into qualified retirement accounts, they are not precluded. Royalty Trusts are an additional corporate structure that can be found within the Energy Sector.
Regarding capital structures, there are other important characteristics that require special attention and consideration. Traditional C Corps, display a tendency to reward shareholders consistent with other similarly-structured companies in other industries. In addition to raising their dividends regularly, the traditional publicly-traded energy company will often buy back, and therefore, reduce share count, as a method of increasing earnings. In contrast, MLPs display a tendency to be continuously issuing new shares to fund additional infrastructure, thereby raising share count. Royalty Trusts typically have a fixed number of trust units. Also, earnings tend to be of high importance to C Corps, while FFO (Funds From Operations), a close cousin the operating cash flow, are more relevant to MLPs.
As a result of the above, I have included mostly traditional C Corps in my conservative growth and income selections, and MLPs and Royalty Trusts make up most of the aggressive growth and income selections. These distinctions are predicated on risk considerations, as well as growth considerations. Royalty Trusts and MLPs tend to have high yields, and moderate prospects for growth. However, since there are exceptions to every rule, there are many MLPs that offer above-normal dividend yields and above-average capital appreciation and dividend growth.
Perspectives on Valuation
My research into the Energy Sector also revealed that ascertaining the fair market value of most energy companies is different than calculating the intrinsic values on most traditional companies. Over the past decade at least, it is readily apparent that Mr. Market has tended to apply a discounted fair market value to energy concerns instead of traditional intrinsic value assessments. To put this more plainly, for the past 10 years or so, the market has valued energy companies lower than it values companies in other sectors with the same or similar fundamentals.
One could hypothesize many reasons why this reduced valuation might be the case; however, to my way of thinking, it's more important to know that this is a reality, than it is to know why it is. But perhaps it has to do with all the uncertainty associated with energy supplies, which include the risk of discovery, drilling, politics, environmental issues, etc. But regardless of why, it's critical that the investor recognizes that energy companies are valued lower than other equivalent companies in different industries, thereby avoiding the mistake of overpaying when valuations on energy companies exceed historical norms, even when they are consistent with valuations on traditional companies in other sectors.
Conservative Growth and Dividend Income
As I previously mentioned, the majority of the companies I placed in the conservative growth and dividend income list are comprised of traditional C Corporations. Many of the most widely-recognized major oil companies made this list. If you don't see one of your favorites on the list, it more than likely means that I currently consider it overvalued, and therefore, excluded. The following lists the companies that all appear reasonably priced based on historical norms, and I would consider all of these companies to be high-quality stocks. However, this does not


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Hostelworld "meet the world" by Lucky Generals
Rating: 5.0
marketingmagazine.co.uk, Wednesday, 22 August 2012 09:00AM
Why should parents be different from any other audience when it comes to cliched campaigns? Common sense and a truckload of effectiveness case studies argue that originality drives cut-through better than conventionality.
Does showing the parent-child bond make you cliched? It absolutely does when it's just wall-to-wall baby and mother shots. It absolutely doesn't when it has a fresh angle at its heart.
Take P&G's recent 'Proud sponsor of mums' Olympics campaign, which celebrated the maternal bond, but through an original lens. In this case, 6m views on YouTube tells us that originality drives cut-through better than a cliche ever could.
The ups and downs of parenthood are talked about in great depth these days. People are itching to give their views on everything related to bringing up children; the success of Netmums.com proves this.
So it is great that advertisers are realising this and being more 'real' with their messaging. It isn't good enough to just say 'this product is great'. Consumers want facts, and the Cussons website, which includes a blog with tips and facts for 'real' mums is a great follow-on from the TV ad.
The site is not preachy, but gently offers its advice on good motherhood.
They absolutely do, and it's about time. At last brands are showing parenthood for what it is - an emotional roller coaster with extreme highs and an equal amount of lows. Any brand that has the honesty to show life for what it is has a far better chance of creating an honest bond and connection with its audience.
The stereotype of the 'yummy mummy' living the perfect life with a newborn is a mile away from reality, and consumers are too savvy to believe this image. Good luck to those brands that are listening to customers and developing creative campaigns that build on the consumer insights they are getting.
The PZ Cussons 'Mum & me' baby range and advertising is a fantastic response to a clear market need.
Born out of strong insights about life as an expectant or new mum, the campaign resonates, without resorting to cliche.
As a mum of four myself, the ads rang true, without embracing schmaltzy sleeping baby shots. By embracing the reality of being a mother rather than the Hollywood version, this launch will be a big success. I only wish I'd been a part of the thinking that led to it.
This article was first published on marketingmagazine.co.uk
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Rating: 5.0
Agency: Grey London
Rating: 5.0


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Tony Conrad: Invented Acoustical Tools (1969–2014) at Inverleith House
Posted on Tuesday 04 November 2014
Inverleith House is delighted to present the first solo exhibition in the UK by legendary American artist, Tony Conrad (b. 1940, Concord, New Hampshire).
Isa Genzken
Posted on Wednesday 16 July 2014
Inverleith House is delighted to present the first UK exhibition outside London by one of the most radically inventive and influential artists our time, featuring recent works displayed in the naturally–lit rooms of Inverleith House.
Botanic Gardens at the heart of the Commonwealth
Posted on Wednesday 11 June 2014
The Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (RBGE) will be celebrating our place in the heart of the Commonwealth with events at all our Gardens and at Glasgow Botanic Garden over the summer.


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World's Wackiest Competitions
From the Wife-Carrying Competition in Finland to the worldwide sport of extreme ironing, the spirit of competition is alive and well outside the world of the more … traditional … sports.
Wife-Carrying CompetitionFirst introduced in Sonkajärvi, Finland, wife carrying is a sport in which male competitors race through obstacles while each carrying a female teammate -- not necessarily their wife. Different types of carrying are included in the competition: piggyback, fireman's carry, or Estonian-style (pictured here). Major wife-carrying competitions are held in Sonkajärvi (where the prize is the woman's weight in beer), Hong Kong, Wisconsin, Michigan and Maine. 960 1280
Swamp SoccerSwamp soccer is exactly what it sounds like: soccer played in a swamp or bog. It began as an exercise routine for soldiers since the squishy ground makes the sport more demanding, but it has since grown with the Swamp Soccer World Championship played annually on Vuorisuo Bog in Hyrynsalmi, Finland. 960 1280
Tar Barrels FestivalThe town of Ottery St Mary, England, holds annual events around Guy Fawkes Night. The festivities include a 17th-century tradition of carrying barrels soaked in tar and set on fire while racing through the town. The barrels can only be carried by those born in Ottery St Mary or those who have lived there for most of their lives, with generations of the same family often competing through the years. 960 1280
Extreme IroningExtreme ironing is part extreme sport and part performance art. The competition involves taking an ironing board to a remote location and ironing clothing. It all started in 1997 in Leicester, England, by resident Phil Shaw when he wanted to go rocking climbing instead of doing house chores … so he decided to combine them. It has grown into a worldwide phenomenon with participants vying for the most extreme locale -- ironing on mountainsides, in streets and even underwater. 960 1280
Mobile Phone ThrowingMobile phone throwing is yet another sport that originated in Finland. It began in 2000 and has since grown internationally. Competitors throw mobile phones and are judged on distance or technique. The phones used vary, but they must be heavier than 7 oz. The Mobile Phone Throwing World Championships are held annually in Savonlinna, Finland. 960 1280
Air Guitar ChampionshipsThe first air guitar competitions were held in the 1980s in Sweden and the US and have since continued to grow internationally. The Air Guitar World Championships Network, made up of 20 countries including Finland, the USA, New Zealand, Canada, Romania and Brazil, among others, organizes the competitions -- which follow a sophisticated scoring system. On a 6-point scale, competitors play for 2 1-minute rounds and are judged on technical merit, mimesmanship, stage presence and artistry. 960 1280
Empire State Building RaceHeld annually since 1978, the Empire State Building Run-Up is a foot race where participants run from the building's ground floor to the 86th-floor observation deck, covering a vertical distance of 1,050 feet in 1,576 steps. The racers like to think of themselves as both runners and climbers. The current record time is 9 minutes and 33 seconds, achieved by Australian professional cyclist Paul Crake in 2003. 960 1280
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National Finals RodeoA cowboy casts a cool look during the National Finals Rodeo, popularly known as the "Super Bowl of rodeo." The 10-day event, held each year in Las Vegas, determines the world champ in 7 main events, including bareback riding, steer wrestling and team roping.
When to go: First full week of December 960 1280
Caldwell Night RodeoThe cowboys are the stars at this annual 5-day rodeo event. Held in the Boise metro area, Caldwell Night Rodeo draws crowds of more than 40,000 people, eager to see the big draw: many of the world's top professional cowboys who make Caldwell Night Rodeo an annual stop on their circuit.
When to go: Mid-August 960 1280
Pendleton Round-UpReady for some bulldogging? A cowboy reaches for a steer's horns at the Pendleton Round-Up, one of the 10 largest rodeos in the world. Started in 1910, the annual rodeo event draws crowds of 50,000 to Pendleton, OR, where the town's motto is, "The Real West."
When to go: Mid-September 960 1280
Dodge City Roundup RodeoWestern heritage -- and big bucks -- draw championship cowboys and cowgirls to the annual Dodge City Roundup. Since its start in 1977, the 10-day event has grown to include a payout of nearly $254,000, alongside an audience of more than 100,000 people.
When to go: Late July to early August 960 1280
Cheyenne Frontier DaysThe granddaddy of rodeo events, Cheyenne Frontier Days has been held in its namesake Wyoming town since 1897. The outdoor rodeo and western celebration features hundreds of horses performing rodeo events and track acts. The annual event draws nearly 200,000 people, with a whopping 100,000 free pancakes served by the local Kiwanis club.
When to go: Last full week of July 960 1280
Ellensburg RodeoNow in its 75th year, the Ellensburg Rodeo in Washington State has grown from a local competition among ranch hands to a leading rodeo festival: More than 600 contestants vie for prize money in excess of $400,000. In the Pacific Northwest, the rodeo is second in size only to the Calgary Stampede in Alberta, Canada.
When to go: Labor Day weekend 960 1280
Fort Worth Stock Show and RodeoFor 23 heart-pounding days, the annual Fort Worth Stock Show and Rodeo puts on quite a show at the Will Rogers Memorial Center. The annual event, which draws a crowd of 900,000, showcases the world's original indoor rodeo, with 36 performances of professional rodeo on display, such as calf roping.
When to go: Mid-January to early February 960 1280
Nebraskaland DaysWild West showman Buffalo Bill considered North Platte, NE, his hometown, and went on to found modern-day rodeo in the city. Today, the legacy continues with Nebraskaland Days: The largest rodeo event in western Nebraska showcases parades, art shows, concerts, food events and, of course, rodeos.
When to go: Mid-June 960 1280
Yellowstone RodeoExciting rodeo action mixes with stunning mountain sunsets at the annual Yellowstone Rodeo in southwestern Montana. The annual event showcases the big rodeo draws -- including bareback bronc riding, bull riding, team roping and saddle broc riding -- as well as a "calf scramble" event in which kids can safely compete.
When to go: June through early September 960 1280
National Western Stock ShowNow in its 106th year, the National Western Stock Show in Denver spans 16 days, and a 100-acre show ground home to the second largest rodeo in the United States. Hands-on animal exhibits feature 15,000 head of horses, cattle, sheep, alpacas, llamas and more -- plus, a chance for the little ones to go giddy-up.
When to go: Last 2 weeks in January 960 1280
RodeoHoustonFor the world's largest live entertainment and livestock show, head to Houston's Reliant Stadium. In 2012, this massive 1,900,000-square-foot facility hosted the annual Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo -- and a whole lot of animals: 26,305 livestock and horse show exhibitors competed for a shot at a Houston championship.
When to go: Late February to mid-March 960 1280
Reno RodeoBilled as the "wildest, richest rodeo in the West," the Reno Rodeo spans 10 days and attracts more than 140,000 fans. Events include a Miss Reno Rodeo Queen pageant, cattle drive, carnival rides and the Xtreme Bull Riding Tour stop, featuring 40 of the world's best pro bull riders.
When to go: Late June 960 1280
Miss Rodeo AmericaHere she comes, Miss Rodeo America 2012 winner Mackenzie Carr -- the first winner from Oregon. The first pageant was held in Casper, WY, in 1955. Today, the annual pageant is held in Las Vegas, with contestants competing in areas of appearance, horsemanship and personality.
When to go: Early to mid-December 960 1280
Florence Junior ParadaThe world's oldest continuous junior rodeo finds its home in Florence, AZ. Eighty years since its start, the annual Florence Junior Parada rodeo draws hundreds of future PRCA (Professional Rodeo Cowboys Assocation) cowboys and cowgirls, ages 5 to 18, to compete in rodeo events such as team roping, breakaway roping and even bull riding.
When to go: Late November 960 1280
America's Biggest Rodeos 14 Photos
National Cherry Blossom FestivalThe nation's capital comes abloom every spring with the annual National Cherry Blossom Festival. See the famed cherry blossom trees, lining the Tidal Basin, while strolling past sites like the Jefferson and Martin Luther King memorials. See more ideas for where to travel in March. 960 1280
Holi (India)Celebrate spring with a dash of color. The annual Holi festival in India inspires revelers to hit the streets, playfully throwing powdered colors on each other. Once your clothes are doused with all sorts of hues, you'll understand why this is called a festival of colors. 960 1280
Daytona Bike WeekRev up for a week of diesel and fun at Daytona Bike Week. The annual motorcycle rally attracts some of the fiercest bikers, clad in leather (and sometimes little else) to celebrate the freedom of the open road. 960 1280
Las Fallas (Valencia, Spain)Enjoy a high-spirited fiesta in Valencia, Spain's third-largest city. The annual bash, held in commemoration of Saint Joseph, sees neighborhoods transformed into lively parties over a boisterous 5-day period. 960 1280
Spring Equinox: StonehengeMark the beginning of spring with a celebratory gathering at Stonehenge. Join the crowds who gather at the mysterious stone structures in Wiltshire, England, to see the sun rise, ushering in the spring equinox. 960 1280
St. Patrick's DayDon your friendliest green for St. Patrick's Day. Boston is the place to be, with the city's official St. Patrick's Day Parade drawing anywhere from 600,000 to 1 million people every year. 960 1280
March MadnessGet out your ballots, it's time for March Madness. The annual college basketball showdown begins March 18. Stay glued to the tube and watch every game live or hit the road and check out our list of the best college basketball towns. 960 1280
Spring Break (Panama City Beach)Slap on your sunscreen and grab your shades for a laid-back spring break on Panama City Beach. This sunny haven on the coast of the Gulf of Mexico beckons with its tagline, "World's Most Beautiful Beaches." You'll see why once you sink your toes into its unique sugar-white sand. 960 1280
South by SouthwestPull up a seat at the leading film, interactive and music festival showcase in America. Every year, since 1987, South by Southwest has put the spotlight on Austin, TX, and cutting-edge communication trends; see what's in store this year, with speakers like Chelsea Clinton and actress Mindy Kaling. 960 1280
Things to Do in March 10 Photos


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Kilgarlin Center Doctoral Preservation Fellowships
Fellowship Details
Three fellowships are available to support doctoral study in preservation at the School of Information at the University of Texas at Austin. These fellowships offer a generous stipend and will pay tuition and fees for two years of full-time study in 2006-2008.
Academic Year 2006-07 (Fall, Spring, Summer) - $22,000 stipend + $15,675 tuition/fees
Academic Year 2007-08 (Fall, Spring, Summer) - $23,000 stipend + $16,460 tuition/fees
*Tuition is based on out-of-state rates.
Preservation Administration Fellow
The Preservation Administration Fellow will work with Ellen Cunningham-Kruppa, Director of the Kilgarlin Center for Preservation of the Cultural Record. The fellow can take advantage of Ms. Cunningham-Kruppa's twenty plus years working in the preservation and archives fields, and teaching in and directing the nation's premier library and archives preservation and conservation education program. Her research and teaching interests focus on preservation philosophy, issues of selection for preservation, and the use of digital technologies for preservation. The doctoral preservation fellow will be encouraged to work with the School's large preservation and conservation faculty and student body, and to mine the productive relationships developed between the Kilgarlin Center and the University of Texas at Austin Libraries. The Center also maintains collegial working relationships with numerous national and international institutions and professional associations. Given the relative youth of the preservation and conservation LIS subfield, and the fact that little research has been accomplished in this field, there are a plethora of topics awaiting serious investigation.
Preservation and Information Policy Fellow
The Preservation and Information Policy Fellow will work with Philip Doty, Associate Professor at the School of Information and an Associate Director of the Telecommunications and Information Policy Institute (http://www.utexas.edu/research/tipi/) at the University of Texas at Austin. His research and teaching interests focus on federal information policy, especially copyright, privacy, and culture in print and digital domains. The fellow will develop an individualized program of study and research program in the intersection of preservation and information policy, taking advantage of the interdisciplinary, graduate portfolio program in Communication, Information, and Cultural Policy (http://www.utexas.edu/portfolio/cicp/) sponsored by the School of Information, the College of Communication, the LBJ School of Public Affairs, and the College of Fine Arts. The fellow will also be encouraged to use the research, teaching, and service capabilities offered thorough the Telecommunications and Information Policy Institute.
Digital Preservation Fellow
The Digital Preservation Fellow will work with Patricia Galloway in her research and projects on the preservation of digital objects. The fellow can take advantage of the presence of a DSpace repository installation at the School of Information, providing both a working archive for the School and a testbed for student projects. Developing relationships with digital archiving and preservation initiatives at The University of Texas Libraries on campus will also provide abundant research opportunities. Relevant student research areas could include development of tools for the appraisal, archiving, and migration of digital objects; research on preservation of specific genres of digital objects; and investigation of the institutionalization of digital archives where they do not already exist. One example PhD project in this area is investigating text mining as a tool for testing archival macro-appraisal.
Timeline for Preservation Fellows program:
Last Modified: August 15 2005 15:32:38.


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At the fall Cardinal Job Fair, about 100 employers come to Ball State's campus to meet students and alumni. This is a great opportunity to get a start on
your career planning and to network with people who could help you with those
plans. Whether you are looking for part-time or full-time positions or
internships, there are plenty of prospects under one roof at the Cardinal Job Fair.
Copyright © 2015 Ball State University 2000 W. University Ave. Muncie, IN 47306
800-382-8540 and 765-289-1241


text: This Halco 2000 bent tip decorative bulb has an average rated life of 2,000 hours and is a good option for hard-to-reach areas where it is difficult to change the bulb. Less than four inches in length, this petite 7.5-watt incandescent CA8 bulb works great when you need a sharp decorative accent that isn't too bright. Because it operates at 130 volts, it also has a warmer, more candle-like glow than the typical 120-volt candelabra bulb. With a candelabra (E12) base, this hand-crafted bent tip chandelier light bulb gives a classic look to any light fixture, old or new, and looks great in chandeliers, lantern lights, and plug-in candles for an authentic flame look.