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Lemon Basil Dressing
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Lemon Basil Dressing
One day, my mom came home raving about this dressing that her friend Renna had served at a luncheon. First, she tried to recreate it from memory, but it wasn't the same. A quick text message to Renna for the real secrets gave us much better results.
- Prep Time : 5 min
- Ready Time : 5 min
- 6 tablespoons white wine vinegar
- 1/4 cup rice vinegar
- 1/4 cup light olive oil
- 1 tablespoon Dijon mustard
- Juice of a lemon
- 6 to 7 cloves fresh garlic
- Salt and pepper to taste
- 1/4 teaspoon garlic powder
- 1/4 teaspoon cumin (or to taste)
- Approximately 30 basil leaves
Blend all ingredients in blender or food processor.
2 Responses to Lemon Basil Dressing
How long will this dressing keep fresh if kept in the fridge?
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A study published in the New England Journal of Medicine on Wednesday has claimed that fecal transplants could be one of the best ways when it comes to the treatment of a fatal intestinal infection.
The study was carried out by researchers at the Washington University, who have told that transfer of feces from one person to another is indeed beneficial for severe intestinal infection patients. Though, it might sound strange and surprising to many.
Also, the same is necessary since some 14,000 people tend to die of the condition each year in the US and there is no potential treatment available for the same. The findings have evidence, the team said, as almost 16 people who were suffering from recurring Clostridium difficile bacterial infections have shown improvements in their condition.
However, the study conducted at The Hague's Hagaziekenhuis hospital has discovered that seven of total 26 patients were such in two control groups that they got better with the use of antibiotics. It is for the first time that antibiotics have been compared to fecal transplants.
"It's been shown to work across different countries, different centers, different investigators and different populations. The success rate is 80-90%, which is unheard of", assistant professor of gastroenterology Dr. Matthew Ciorba affirmed.
Real Estate
New Zealand
- Scientists discover Oldest Stone Tool in Turkey
- Rods and Cones of 300-Million-Year-Old Fossilized Fish still well Preserved
- Xiaomi to Invests 1.27 billion Yuan in Midea, a Home Appliance Manufacturing Company
- Following the Great Recession the Wealth Inequality Gap between Whites, Blacks and the Hispanics Widen
- Former Atlantic City Showboat Casino Bought by Richard Stockton College

subset: commoncrawl


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Gear Question
Mathias Mac
Greetings all, Thanks sooo much in advance...
Greetings all, Thanks sooo much in advance for answering this!!!! So i just recieved the 185's (bc.com version) as a gift and I must say they look great, love the stiffness/rocker profile, but still have a few questions/concerns?!?! ABout me: 26yo, level II PSIA Instructor, very strong (college football player, nearly 5'10" and weight fluctuates between 185-200lbs. I ski aspen snowmass (100+ days per season) and looking for a big mtn ski with everyday/powder capablities ( i know, i know.lol) I ski steep and deep (hlands bowl), trees, technical culoirs,medium to large cliffs, inevitable groomers and inevtiable bumps etc. Now to ?'s... First, is this a true big mountain free ride ski for resort use with regular alpine bindings? Will i regret not having something with more weight and more popular for resort like the Blizzard Cochise?? Dont get me wrong, these may be the best skis in the world, i just have no experience with g3 and cannot find anyone locally who does. and i am not going to use these for touring cept the occasional side country hike etc. Where should I mount these for a free ride style? I like to ski aggressive and fast; but also like to butter, smear, surf,and turn the big mountain into a terrain park. Is the mounting AT line to far back for this? Also, is 185 the right length for me? I know rockered skis ski short but with this nearly flat camber im not exactly sure. I want to get it right before unwrapping and mounting these. Thanks soooo much, pleeeeasseee help a fellow skier out with some beta!! Happy skiing all!! Its almost here (in western colorado)
View More Details on G3 Backcountry.com Exclusive Highball Ski


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This is a Westcott 50 Watt/120 Volt Fluorescent, Edison base screw-in bulb, for the Westcott Spiderlite TD5, SP Systems Cool Light, Interfit, Impact, Bowens Tri-Lite, or any other floodlight fixture that can accept a large floodlight bulb. 5500° Kelvin.
- Powerful
- Combine four of these lamps and one 20 watt lamp in the Spiderlite TD5 and obtain the tungsten equivalent of over 900 watts of power.
- High Color Rendering Index
- Rated to 90+ CRI


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Originally written on Rockies Review | Last updated 9/12/12
Wilin Rosario has been far better than expected offensively.On Tuesday night at Coors Field, the Colorado Rockies saw the sense of urgency that comes from a team playing for the postseason. After holding a 4-0 lead, the Rockies let the Giants crawl back, and eventually run away with victory. After a late rally, the Rockies lost 9-8.At this point, the Rockies are simply playing out the schedule. Focusing on winning baseball games is easy to forget about when the offseason plans are just a few short weeks away.However, this Rockies team must take the opportunity to get better. The games they are playing right now might not mean much in the standings, or in the grand scheme of things, but this is the time when players need to hone their skills and get polished when the standings even out again in April of 2013.In anticipation of that, the Rockies need to stand behind rookie catcher Wilin Rosario. Jim Tracy recently made comments to the Denver Post about Rosario's struggles behind the p...
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"A member of the media dropped all pretense of objectivity during an interview with Newt Gingrich to arrogantly launch an attack on Gov. Sarah Palin's experience, to which Rick came to her defense and simply evoked a word -- that by definition -- described the reporter's demeanor as being superior, arrogant and presumptuous," Tim Baker, Goddard's campaign manager, told the Atlanta Journal Constitution.
"To try and smear Rick's character by suggesting that he meant anything other than that definition is ludicrous," he said of Goddard, a decorated, career military man who settled in Georgia 10 years ago.
But given the tortured history between blacks and whites in the South, both men crossed the line in using the word and then claiming ignorance of its historical significance, said Gerald Horne, a history professor at the University of Houston.
"The whole notion of uppity Negroes ... was basically a tool, a device to make sure that Negroes would not seek to climb the socioeconomic ladder," said Horne, the author of "Powell v. Alabama: The Scottsboro Boys and American Justice."
"It's very unfortunate. A person in such a position should be aware of this history."


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EC's social network
Books: The Secret || The Power Of Positive Thinking
Movies: Who am I?|| God has arrived || The Social Network
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Can writing more help learners of English improve their speaking skills ? If "Yes" then "how?" if "No" then "why not?"ORDo you find your speaking skills improving by blogging more? How?Continue
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Rajesh how are you? Where have you been? I never see you around here anymore..
As the New Year approaches us with new hopes,
here is wishing you and your family a
wonderful year ahead. Happy New Year.
Happy new Year 2015


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Welcome to Physics.
Physics is often described as the most fundamental, yet fascinating, division of all the natural sciences. Its theories endeavour to describe behaviour from the smallest building blocks of matter to the vast universe and everything in between.
A thriving and growing Department, we aim to provide an academically stimulating and supportive environment for all our students.
International reputation
62% of research outputs rated internationally leading or better in REF 2014.
High student satisfaction
The excellence of the student experience is reflected in the National Student Survey 2013, with 91% overall satisfaction.
Valuable experience
All of our courses offer the opportunity of studying overseas or spending a year on industrial placement, something that employers consider extremely valuable.


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The new frame looks interesting. Hey, is the software you run this system on available to the public? I'm looking for something to replace the phpbb system that I am using on my website. I like the fact that people can upload pictures on your system.
Do you like the new album enhancements? http://www.thewrestlingtalk.com/albu...&pictureid=492
(I'm just testing.. and would like your opinion on the fading/border...)


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Let's create a commercial for your product or service. More and more companies are adding multi-media productions to their websites. Youtube can expose your company to millions of potential viewers. A small percentage of millions of viewers over time, means new business for you!
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Tim Johnson & Co.
Tim Johnson & Co.
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Phone: 281-420-1489
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
© copyright 2015 Tim Johnson & Co.


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The terminal of a modern airport.
- The definition of an airport is a place where airplanes take off and land that has all the services and buildings needed to take care of the airplanes, passengers, and cargo.
An area with buildings, airplanes, and airstrips is an example of an airport.
airport - Computer Definition
A family of wireless routers from Apple, introduced in 1999. In the past, Apple branded the Wi-Fi capability in its Mac laptops as AirPort. See wireless router. AirPort Extreme The larger AirPort Extreme is a traditional wireless router with three wired Ethernet ports for computers. Its single USB port can be used to connect a printer or external hard drive. AirPort Express Introduced in 2004, the smaller AirPort Express has only one wired Ethernet port. The AirPort's AirPlay feature streams music wireless from iTunes in a computer or from any iOS device to powered speakers or a stereo amplifier connected to the unit. In conjunction with the primary wireless router in the home, the Express can also be used as a Wi-Fi range extender and boost the signal over a longer distance. See AirPlay, Time Capsule, digital media hub and iTunes.


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The symposium is geared toward anyone involved in the housing industry, particularly developers, finance specialists, attorneys, policy-makers, local government representatives, and those involved in community grassroots efforts to promote affordable housing.
Angela Glover Blackwell, founder and chief executive officer of PolicyLink will be the keynote speaker for the conference. Under Blackwell's leadership, PolicyLink has become a leading voice in the movement to use public policy to improve access and opportunity for all low-income people and communities of color, particularly in areas of health, housing, transportation, education and infrastructure.
The registration fee is $75 prior to January 15, 2011, and $95 after. To register online, please visit the conference website at http://affordablehousingconference.com/
# # #
About UMSL CE:
The UMSL Division of Continuing Education provides programs that fulfill degree completion, professional development and personal enrichment goals for the lifelong learner. For more information, please visit http://umslce.org.


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Isaiah Pead (twitter: @iPead)
Position: RB
Height: 5-10 Weight: 197 lbs.
Born: December 14, 1989 in Columbus, OH
High School: Eastmoor Academy
College: Cincinnati (school history) (Pead college stats)
Drafted by the St. Louis Rams in the 2nd round (50th overall) of the 2012 NFL Draft.
Weighted Career AV (100-95-...): 1 (12808th overall since 1950)
Other SR Links: College Football at Sports-Reference.com
Promote your website or business by sponsoring this newly available (please read) page for $10 on Pro-Football-Reference.com. Your message will replace this ad.
Output includes all games from 1920 to 2014.


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WALLA WALLA -- The Walla Walla County Rural Library District board will hold two work sessions and its annual meeting this week.
Board members are expected to discuss a proposed contract with the city of Walla Walla during one work session and at the meeting, said Punkey Adams, executive director.
The first work session will be at 4 p.m. Tuesday in the Columbia Room at the Walla Walla County Department of Human Services, 1520 Kelly Place.
The annual meeting will be held at 10 a.m. Wednesday at the Burbank Library, 875 Lake Road, in Burbank.
Agenda items will include setting a fee for non-resident library cards and action on an investment agreement with the County Treasurer.
Trustees also will act on the 2012 pay schedule, elect officers and recommend a trustee appointment to the Walla Walla County commissioners.
The meeting will be adjourned at noon and trustees will move to the Collegium Cafe, 3525 E. A St., in Pasco for a 1 p.m. afternoon work session
Board members will discuss strategic planning with library consultant Ruth Metz. No action will be taken. Information is available at 527-3284.
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(Tofino, British Columbia) If your idea of the perfect holiday is more about peace and joy than busy shopping malls and endless traffic snarls, then the Wickaninnish Inn has an...
Wickaninnish "On Pointe" Musings from the staff and friends of the Wickaninnish Inn
Wickaninnish Inn special holiday packages offer an escape from the ordinary
Contributed On December 4
Marketing Manager Claire Macdonald
Tofino Local Profile: Mayor Josie Osborne
Her Worship, Mayor Josie Osborne Talks about Tofino
Energy, Passion and Sincerity… Words one would always want to associate with our leaders. Gratefully, here in Tofino those...
Contributed On October 31
Marketing Manager Claire Macdonald
November: Inn and Around the Wick
Raising awareness: October was Breast Cancer Awareness Month, and the Inn has partnered with Blue Mountain Winery to help out in as delicious a way as possible. All month long, the...
Contributed On October 30
Food and Beverage Director Ike Seaman
A Note From Charles October 2013
Whatever the time of year, there is always something special going on at the Wickaninnish Inn. But no season is as magical as the holiday season.
By the time U.S. Thanksgiving...
Contributed On October 30
Managing Director Charles McDiarmid


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Super Channel A-List
Missed an episode of your must-see series? Need a cram session of your favourite movie star's films? Never fear - Super Channel's SUPERTHONS are here! Find out the latest updates and airtimes for marathons, episode catch-ups, special movie collections and more! Whether you want to schedule your PVR to catch up on a series before a big finale or plan a cozy afternoon on the couch, get all you need to know right here, with Super Channel's SUPERTHONS.
Things You Shouldn't Say Past Midnight | Catch Up
July 11 starting at 2pm ET on SC4 | Counselling and comedy. If you haven't seen the new hit series yet' here's your chance to watch the first 4 episodes, back to back.
Full Circle: Chicago | Catch Up
July 12 starting at 2pm ET on SC4 | Star-Studded Series. Watch the first 4 episodes of this hot new drama back-to-back, starring Terry O'Quinn, Stacy Keach, Calista Flockhart, Eric McCormack and more.
Power | Season 2 Catch Up
July 19 starting at 4pm ET on SC2 | Behind on summer's hottest hit series? Get caught up with the first 5 episodes back to back. And if you still haven't seen Season 1, watch it now On Demand.


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Jennifer Grant
Additional strong tstrosm w/freq lighting in NW Marion Co thru 4pm. Areas affected Citra,Reddick,Anthony,McIntosh
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Chris Malone
Recently, Chris Malone changed his schedule from 3pm- 7pm to 5am-10 am and now can be heard with Storm Roberts and Janie Pope weekday mornings. Some still say he's still quite possibly the best voice you will hear all day!
Free Digital Items With Free 12 Gifts Of Christmas App
by Chris Malone
posted Dec 12 2013 5:05AM
You can get some free digital items from Apple, and all you have to do is download an app. Apple has announced 12 days of free gifts will be available to those in the U.S. for the first time. If you download the 12 gifts of Christmas app from the app store you will get a free gift every day from December 26th to January 6th in the form of an app, book, song or film. Apple has run this promotion for the last couple of years outside of the U.S., and it's definitely worth the download as previous gifts have included episodes of
Top Gear
, tracks from One Direction, games from Sega and books from author Lee Child.
Click here for the link.
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Jobs & Employment at Follett
Follett Job Application – Employment Form
Apply Now. Follett Jobs, Employment & Careers. Find available jobs available at Follett.
Apply for jobs online at Follett | Official Employer Site
Follett Employment Info
Job Positions Available: Accounts Payable Representative, Business Systems Analyst, Sales Administration Associate, Assistant Store Manager, Store Manager, Sales Associate, Marketing Manager, Accountant, Custom Cataloger, Home Office Intern – Finance, Cashier, Shipping and Receiving Supervisor, Human Resources Generalist, Store Manager Trainee, Human Resources Trainer, Classroom Specialist, Merchandise Planner, Customer Service Specialist, Support Clerk
Follett – Business Hours:
How old to work at Follett? The minimum age to work at Follett is 18 years old.
Printable Job Application: Follett has no printable application. To apply for jobs and employment you need to submit an application directly on their career website at the link above.
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Can't wait to cross my 1st trimester. My first u/s is on Mon and we are super duper excited. It's our first one. So hoping all goes well.
Need help with excuses plz
Can't wait to cross my 1st trimester. My first u/s is on Mon and we are super duper excited. It's our first one. So hoping all goes well.
Kaitlynn(27) and Marc(31) est. 12/8/11
Connor Joseph 7/27/13
Fitness/Natural Birth/Breastfeeding/Sleep Training/Pre&Postnatal Massage/Nutrition/Early Potty-Training (EC)
Check out my band, Apollo's Daughter!
I agree with the medicine excuse....or you could always accept a drink and carry it around like you are drinking it. That is what I did. I just ended up passing it to m husband when no one was looking.
Proud mom of Remi (2)
Due with little boy, Maddox, on April 18...will be arriving on the 13th if he doesn't make a sooner appearance!
I agree with the medication one- it will help cover up any MS you may have as well. If they already think you're on antibiotics they won't question why you don't feel well or get tired early on, either.
Wren Alexandra 4/25/13 So glad you're finally here!
Proud Auntie to M and E
I had to go to a rehersal dinner and wedding recently. I ended up going by myself to the bar (or had my DH go for me) and got a non-alcoholic drink. I used cranberry juice and ginger ale in a martini glass and passed it off for a cosmo.
I'm running out of excuses too! I've been through them all I swear...
Antibiotics for one party... next party I was "just getting over being sick and kinda run down" (though people will tend to stay away from you)... when we went to an amusement park, it was "injured my neck, chiropractor says no rides" (it's amazing all of the rides w/spinal injury warnings also warn agains pregnant women too! Plus no one minded that there was always one person to hold their bags when they went on a ride).
Lately I've just said "I haven't drank in XX weeks and I think I'm off the sauce for a while"...funny how many people nod in agreement and give you a "good for you! I should do that!"
^ and yes what MeeshyLove said - if you pull a bartender aside and have them make you something that LOOKS alcoholic and tell them why, they're happy to oblige the rest of the night.


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- About
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- Resources
CSEAS and COTSEAL workshop for Southeast Asian language instructors
CSEAS will co-host a professional development workshop for Southeast Asian Language instructors in September 2015, with the Council of Teachers of Southeast Asian Languages (COTSEAL). A second workshop, building on the first, will be held at the University of Wisconsin-Madison in June 2016. Full details are available on the COTSEAL website. The deadline for applications for the first workshop is June 15, 2105.
CSEAS wins Title VI National Resource Center grant
The Center for Southeast Asia Studies, with its consortium partner center at UCLA, was awarded a $2.8 million grant from the U.S. Department of Education to serve as a Title VI National Resource Center (NRC) for Southeast Asia effective for 2014-2018. This grant also includes funding for the Foreign Language and Area Studies (FLAS) fellowships to support undergraduate and graduate students studying Southeast Asian languages during the summer and the academic year.
The grant supports language instruction at UC Berkeley and UCLA, including the innovative Distance Learning course in Intermediate Khmer, taught by Frank Smith at UC Berkeley, which is offered simultaneously by videoconference at UCLA. Special consortium projects include graduate student workshops and joint conferences, and expanded collaboration with other UC campuses with Southeast Asia-focused faculty.
CSEAS has been a consortium NRC for Southeast Asia with UCLA since 2000.
Philippines Studies summer program in Manila, July 11-August 8, 2015
CSEAS has been awarded a grant by the U.S. Department of Education Fulbright-Hays Group Projects Abroad Program (FHGPA) to support a summer workshop in the Philippines to develop and revise curriculum for the teaching of Filipino and Philippine Studies content courses. The project is intended for K-12 teachers, community college instructors and college professors who have current experience in teaching about the Philippine language and culture at schools and colleges in the U.S., and for advanced graduate students working in the field of Philippine Studies. The workshop will be held at the University of the Philippines-Diliman.
New CSEAS Chair
Prof. Pheng Cheah was appointed by the Vice Chancellor of Research to serve as CSEAS Chair, effective July 1, 2014. He succeeds Prof. Jeffrey Hadler who stepped down after four years of service. Prof. Hadler continues to serve as Chair of the Department of South and Southeast Asian Studies. Prof. Cheah is Professor of Rhetoric. He received his Ph.D. in English from Cornell University and has a B.A. degree and LL.B. degree from the University of Sydney. He has published extensively on the theory and practice of cosmopolitanism. His current research focuses on post-colonial world literature, on Asian cinema, on human rights, especially in relation to human capital and labor migration in Southeast Asia, and on globalization and culture. He is originally from Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.


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TREASURER and TAX COLLECTOR: Linda Fox
CHIEF TAX CLERK: Sue Dirks
The Polk County Tax Office is responsible for the collection and administration of property taxes after the Assessor's Office has set values and calculated the tax. Oregon Revised Statutes Chapters 305 to 312, control and regulate all property tax functions. Property tax is defined as any tax, fee, charge, or assessment imposed by any government unit upon property or upon a property owner as a direct consequence of ownership of that property (ORS 310.140).
View all Treasurer's Office forms
View all Treasurer's Office key documents
Linda Fox
Polk County Treasurer
850 Main Street
Dallas, OR 97338
Google Map
Phone: (503) 623-9264
Fax: (503) 623-0721
Office Hours
Monday - Friday (excluding holidays)
8:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m.
Closed noon - 1:00 p.m.
Polk County | 850 Main Street | Dallas, Oregon 97338


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Stay informed about human rights in the Middle East and North Africa.
A former member of Iraq's Council of Representatives (Parliament) has been sentenced to death after a trial marred with irregularities. He has a month to appeal.
Support human rights in the Middle East, North Africa and worldwide with a donation to Amnesty today.
Abdullah al-Qahtani was badly beaten, burned and now faces imminent execution in Iraq.


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I use Nokia Ovi Suite in my Windows 7 32-bit PC. I am planning to upgrade to Windows 7 64-bit now. But can I restore and use my existing messages, contacts and other information stored in the Nokia Ovi Suite after this upgrade?
Take the 2-minute tour ×
Super User is a question and answer site for computer enthusiasts and power users. It's 100% free, no registration required.
I've found the way to restore the text messages. In the new versions of


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Attendee: 13th National Pre-Medical & Pre-Health Professions Conference
- Other
- 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616
Walk-n-Wag For Awareness
Beary Couture Ovarian Cancer Awareness Foundation
Sunday, June 9, 2013 from 9:00 AM to 1:30 PM (PDT)
Families and their Dog can walk for Ovarian Cancer Awareness!
Prize Categories
vBest "Swag" - Trophy
vBest "Teal" Costume-Trophy
vBest "Smile" and "Trick"Trophy
vTeal Treats for all dogs!
2k Social Doggie Walk will raise funds for awareness of this "Silent Killer"
Please Join Beary Couture For an afternoon of family fun while raising funds for a needed cause!
Company Profile
Nonprofit 501(c) 3 Organization
Founded in 2012, Beary Couture Ovarian Cancer Awareness Foundation is based in Newcastle, CA. The EIN number is 46-1280919.
Mission and Goals of the Organization
The mission of Beary Couture Ovarian Cancer Awareness Foundation (BCOCAF) is to provide global awareness of the predominate signs of Ovarian Cancer. BCOCAF is dedicated to the goal of providing a relaxing and comfortable Support House for patients to stay while receiving treatment, or traveling out of town to receive treatments of this "Silent Killer."
Early detection gives the best chance of a positive outcome. The BCOCAF provides awareness of the signs of Ovarian Cancer through public services, Media exposure, announcements, brochures, announcements, educational symposiums, picnics, walks, rides, and future support houses. Funding for our mission and goals are through donations, grants, and events.
The BCOCAF was founded b Cynthia Kennedy. Cynthia Kennedy had a background in design and organizational businesses. This complimented the process and management of building long-term relationships with people and other businesses. Cynthia was diagnosed with 4th stage Ovarian Cancer in 2011, and although she passed away in 2012, she leaves a legacy to save lives.
The Co-founder and CEO is Ronda Butman. Ronda carries with her a Bachelors' Degree in Health Care Administration. Ronda is dedicated to helping those who are in need of medical and financial guidance when affected by this "Silent Killer." Ronda Has a personal interest in making sure the signs of Ovarian Cancer are delivered to as many people as possible. Cynthia was Ronda's cousin.
Ovarian Cancer awareness and a comfortable and relaxing home-like environment during treatments are critical steps in the battle against Ovarian Cancer (Silent Killer). BCOCAF will rely on the compassion of donors, grants, and events to achieve these goals. While any woman is at risk, every person wants her family, friends, and acquaintances to be empowered through the education. Please join BCOCAF in the fight against Ovarian Cancer.
In order to purchase these tickets in installments, you'll need an Eventbrite account. Log in or sign up for a free account to continue.


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Mobile County Real Estate Listings & Rental Properties in Alabama
Looking to buy a home or rent an apartment? Whether you are looking for homes for sale, new homes, apartments finder, guides and rentals, foreclosures or apartment communities for rent; Find all Mobile County real estate for sale or rent in Alabama on AL.com.
Real Estate Tips & Resources
- Alabama Real Estate Listings
- Browse by Cities in Mobile County
- Foreclosure Real Estate in AL
- Birmingham, Alabama Real Estate Mortgage Rate Guide
- Huntsville, Alabama Real Estate Mortgage Rate Guide
- Mobile, Alabama Real Estate Mortgage Rate Guide
- AL Real Estate Jobs
- Real Estate of Greater Birmingham
- AL Home & Garden
- AL Home Improvement Forums
Homes For SaleView More Listings »
1002 Schaub Ave.
Mobile, AL 36695
Single Family
3 Beds, 1.5 Baths
Mobile, AL 36605
Single Family
3 Beds, 2 Baths
753 Saint Francis St Unit#1002A
Mobile, AL 36602
1 Bed, 1 Bath
Offered by Roberts Brothers Eastern Shore
View More: Homes For Sale in Mobile County »
New HomesView More Listings »
2314 Fernwood Loop
Semmes, AL 36575
Single Family
4 Beds, 3 Baths
3147 Silver Maple Drive
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text:
Well thank you all, that was a very informative discussion. I frankly had no idea there were quite so many different options - I mean in a way I knew they existed, but in a way I did not realize how different each medium format solution is! I guess it is the middle format for a reason.
To be completely honest, after reading all this like 3 times, I am tempted to look really good at the 4x5 route for the big stuff. Maybe the best solution would be a 35mm for the quick stuff and 4x5 for the slow stuff. But I will certainly keep this all in mind as I look around and try to handle a few of these bodies and see what they feel like in the hand.
Thank you all very much for your time and sharing your hard earned knowledge!


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"There is a great man who makes every man feel small. But the real great man is the man who makes every man feel great." G.K Charleston
Is Janish still up?
Red's strand 4 thru 2...
"There is a great man who makes every man feel small. But the real great man is the man who makes every man feel great." G.K Charleston
I take it Janish and Lohse didn't get it done.
Janish grounded out, sorry for the delay, I had a phone call.....UPDATE....Whoever was just batting was thrown out at first by Pavano
Pretty please???
"Strickland Propane... Taste the meat, not the heat." - Hank Hill
Side note, I never realized how horrid these new BP caps are until now
Cabrera batting
FYI, The Padres also train in Peoria
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Founded on the revolutionary principle that the best way to prepare students for careers in music was through the study and practice of contemporary music. For over half a century, the college has evolved constantly to reflect the state of the art of m...
Berklee College of Music announces that Brooke Yap of Honolulu has earned placement on the Dean's List for the fall semester of the 2013 academic year. To be eligible for this honor, a full-time ... moreFall 2013 Verified by Berklee College of Music
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1864 $20 -- Spot(s) Removed -- Genuine PCGS....
2011 December 8-11 US Coins Signature Auction- New York #1162
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Ukrainian Institute of America at The Fletcher-Sinclair Mansion
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1864 $20 -- Spot(s) Removed -- Genuine PCGS. The PCGS number ending in .98 suggests Damage as the reason, or perhaps one of the reasons, that PCGS deemed this coin not gradable. In our opinion, the piece has the details of an AU specimen that has had a spot removed and shows reverse surface damage. The yellow-gold obverse is moderately abraded, while the reverse shows a spot-removal scrape to the left of the eagle and a number of other digs and disturbed areas.
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Renaissance Cardinals and Their Wordly Problems (Collected Studies Series, 553)
This work recounts - in a series of essays - the public and private lives, the practical and moral commitments, and dilemas of Italian Cardinals during the Renaissance period. Concentrating on the period from 1460 to 1520, the problems revolve around the fluctuating influence of the poporati.
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YIELD: Serves 2
Melt butter in heavy medium saucepan over medium heat. Add onion and sauté 1 minute. Add carrots and sauté until onion is tender, about 8 minutes. Add caraway and cook 30 seconds. Add 1 can broth. Cover and simmer until carrots are tender, about 35 minutes.
Puree soup in processor. Season to taste with salt and pepper. (Can be prepared 1 day ahead. Cover and refrigerate.) Return soup to saucepan and bring to simmer, thinning with more broth if too thick. Mix in aquavit. Ladle into bowls. Garnish with parsley and serve.


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1870 50C Standard Silver Half Dollar--Double Struck With Obverse Rotation--Judd-957, Pollock-1108, R.5, PR65 NGC. Liberty f...
2006 August Denver, CO Signature & Platinum Night Auction #414
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Strike-Doubled 1870 Judd-957 Standard Silver Half Dollar PR651870 50C Standard Silver Half Dollar--Double Struck With Obverse Rotation--Judd-957, Pollock-1108, R.5, PR65 NGC. Liberty faces right, surrounded by UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. LIBERTY is inscribed on the headband, and a large star is on her forehead. A scroll below contains IN GOD WE TRUST. The reverse features 50/CENTS/1870 within a wreath of cotton and corn, tied with the usual bowknot. STANDARD is centered above the wreath. Struck in silver with a reeded edge. The obverse die rotated counterclockwise between two strikes, so that the first strike was largely but not entirely effaced by the second strike. All of IN GOD WE TRUST and UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, LIBERTY, and the profile show bold doubling. No sign of doubling shows on the reverse. The brilliantly mirrored surfaces are a delectable silver-gold. Census: 0 in 65, 2 finer (7/06). (PCGS# 61203)
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Media Alerts
Former UK Prime Minister Gordon Brown Visits the New York Stock Exchange
Gordon and Sarah Brown to ring The Opening Bell
For Release: 24 Sep 12
On Tuesday, September 25, Gordon Brown, UN Special Envoy for Global Education and former UK Prime Minister, and his wife Sarah Brown, founding Chair of the Global Business Coalition for Education will visit the New York Stock Exchange and ring The Opening Bell
In his capacity as UN Special Envoy for Global Education, Mr. Brown is joining with UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon at the UNGA this week to launch Education First, a UN initiative to put education on top of the development agenda. Education First will be supported by the business community in the form of the Global Business Coalition for Education, founded by Sarah Brown. The coalition unites business leaders around the world in support of universal primary education, and its founding members span sectors and continents.
To honor the occasion, Gordon and Sarah Brown will ring The Opening Bell. In addition Mr Michel Sidibé, Executive Director of UNAIDS and supporter of Education First initiative will join them.
Tuesday, September 25, 2011
NYSE Security Checkpoint/Tent at corner of Exchange Place and Broad Street
9:00 a.m. Media escorted into the building for bell ringing
9:30 a.m. The Opening Bell rings
Media interested in covering the bell ringing MUST contact Anthony Drizis at 212.656.2147 or
Photos available via Associated Press/New York (212.621.1902), Reuters America (646.223.6285), Getty Images (646.613.4141), Bloomberg Photo (212.617.3420) and European Press Agency (917.670.1323). The Opening Bell (starting at 9:25 a.m.) feed is available via Ascent loop #4009. Media seeking footage via The Switch should contact NYSE Broadcast at 212.656.5483.
For photos and video of the bell ringing, connect with NYSE Euronext on Facebook (NYSE Euronext-Official Site), YouTube (nysetv1), and Twitter (@NYSEEuronext), #NYSEBell.
About the Global Business Coalition for Education:
The Global Business Coalition for Education (GBC-Ed) brings together corporate leaders committed to delivering on the promise of quality education for all of the world's children. Currently, 61 million children around the world do not go to primary school. Our starting point is that education is the birthright of every child, the key to expanded opportunity, and a source of prosperity, employment and social cohesion. GBC-Ed members believe that their core business assets, social responsibility and philanthropy, when used in collaboration with government and other stakeholders, can be a powerful tool to achieve these shared goals.


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Tigers purchased the contract of INF Jefry Marte from Triple-A Toledo.
Tigers placed 1B Miguel Cabrera on the 15-day disabled list with a strained left calf.
Angel Pagan is not in the Giants starting lineup for Saturday afternoon's matchup against the Nationals.
Hisashi Iwakuma (lat) will rejoin the Mariners rotation on Monday against the Tigers.
Mariners optioned RHP Tom Wilhelmsen to Triple-A Tacoma.
Mariners optioned LHP Vidal Nuno to Triple-A Tacoma.
Mariners optioned LHP Roenis Elias to Triple-A Tacoma.
Rays purchased the contract of LHP Everett Teaford from Triple-A Durham.


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Negative - Victoria, circa 1945 Reg. No: MM 8781
- Description Of Content:
- The G-class Garratt type 2-6-0-0-6-2 steam locomotive No.42. This locomotive was built by Beyer, Peacock & Co., England in 1926. It is travelling on a railway line through a densely vegetated area.
- Acquisition Information:
- Copied from Cyril Henshaw, 1991
More information
|Tagged with:
|rail transport, railways, steam railway locomotives
|Themes this item is part of:
|Images & Image Making Collection, Transport Collection, The Biggest Family Album in Australia Collection
|Primary Classification:
|Secondary Classification:
|Railways - Steam Power
|Tertiary Classification:
|steam locomotives
|Organisations Depicted:
|Novel Garrat Type Locomotive
|Negative: Black & White; 35 mm
|Place & Date Depicted:
|Victoria, Australia, circa 1945
|C Henshaw, circa 1945
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The therapeutic efficacy of an intervention is often assessed in clinical trials by scales measuring multiple diverse activities that are added to produce a cumulative global score. Medical communities and health care systems subsequently use these data to calculate pooled effect sizes to compare treatments. This is done because major doubt has been cast over the clinical relevance of statistically significant findings relying on p values with the potential to report chance findings. Hence in an aim to overcome this pooling the results of clinical studies into a meta-analyses with a statistical calculus has been assumed to be a more definitive way of deciding of efficacy.
We simulate the therapeutic effects as measured with additive scales in patient cohorts with different disease severity and assess the limitations of an effect size calculation of additive scales which are proven mathematically.
We demonstrate that the major problem, which cannot be overcome by current numerical methods, is the complex nature and neurobiological foundation of clinical psychiatric endpoints in particular and additive scales in general. This is particularly relevant for endpoints used in dementia research. 'Cognition' is composed of functions such as memory, attention, orientation and many more. These individual functions decline in varied and non-linear ways. Here we demonstrate that with progressive diseases cumulative values from multidimensional scales are subject to distortion by the limitations of the additive scale. The non-linearity of the decline of function impedes the calculation of effect sizes based on cumulative values from these multidimensional scales.
Statistical analysis needs to be guided by boundaries of the biological condition. Alternatively, we suggest a different approach avoiding the error imposed by over-analysis of cumulative global scores from additive scales.
Keywords:dementia; neurodegeneration; clinical studies; meta-analysis; effect sizes; Cohen's d
Analysis of treatment efficacy is warranted to guarantee the quality of medical treatment and effective spending of resources. Across diseases, meta-analyses are assumed to be one the major tools to achieve this [1-4]. Meta-analyses are performed to come to an overall conclusion on clinical studies with different numerical results or using different assessment methods. One critical step in performing meta-analyses is to calculate the effect sizes for the studies to be included in the meta-analysis [5].
Degenerative diseases are of long duration and the diversity of their symptoms pose methodological difficulties not known in other fields of medicine: symptoms vary over time, fluctuate for random reasons, and may be replaced by new and different ones. To illustrate the reasoning on whether effect sizes and meta-analyses are suited to resolve the ambiguity of clinical study results in degenerative disease one of the most prevalent degenerative diseases, Alzheimer's disease (AD), will be used.
AD is the most frequent cause of dementia in old age and typifies the variability in clinical presentation and symptom changes over time that occurs in a degenerative disease. At onset of AD the medial temporal lobe is affected [6]. This results in the episodic memory deficit wihich is an early clinical hallmark of the disease [7]. As the disease spreads, other brain regions such as the frontal and parietal cortex are affected as well. The parietal cortex mediates activities such as spatial orientation and visuo-spatial functions [8,9]; the frontal cortex mediates executive functions, planning, attention, and working memory [10-12]. Spread of AD beyond the temporal lobe thus is characterized in functional terms by accruing deficits of spatial orientation, attention and executive functions as well as working memory and language [7]. This affliction of different brain regions and functions can be visualized using advanced imaging methods [13-15]. Despite an overall progress, symptoms may also fluctuate over the course of progressing dementia for random reasons. Apathy may turn to agitation which may disappear and followed by apathy, again. Regardless of this complexity, effect size calculation and meta-analyses of different studies use the addition of scores from many disparate functions to provide a global score for problems like 'cognition', 'behavior', or 'activities of daily living'. 'Cognition' comprises a multitude of activities such as episodic or working memory, attention, calculation, cognitive flexibility, praxis; 'behavior' comprises affect and emotion, delusion, agitation, irritability, and 'activities of daily living' comprise a wide variety of tasks for which the performance not only depends on the actual capabilities of the patient but also on her or his prior habits. Over the whole course of the disease, 'cognition' or 'behaviour' may be appropriate to assess overall dementia but over the time frame of clinical studies, usually one to two years, individual cognitive functions need to be focused on as the disease process over such short time spans is confined to specific functions and specific regions rather than the whole brain. At present, however, and for the last 30 years, clinical studies in AD have used global scales, i.e. multidimensional scales, to appraise the efficacy of interventions using instruments such as the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS) [16], the Mini-Mental-Status Examination (MMSE) [17], the Severe Impairment Battery (SIB) [18], the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) [19], the Katz activities of daily living scale (Katz-ADL) [20] amongst others.
Physicians and statisticians not well acquainted with the administration of neuropsychological tests neglect the impact of test difficulty on neurobiological associations. Task difficulty has a profound impact on the neural substrates engaged to solve the task. It was shown recently, that task difficulty is associated with recruitment of different neural patterns even in healthy subjects [21]. Thus, despite being similar activities, two tasks may rely on the integrity of different brain areas if the tasks vary in difficulty. Clearly then, the likelihood of maintaining performance on a specific task being measured with a particular instrument is dependent on disease severity and on time since diagnosis. The task may rely on different areas of the brain being recruited as degeneration reduces the relative amount of input from areas normally engaged in that function and showing a non-linear decline in dementia patients [22,23].
Multidemensional clinical scales combine different tasks, i.e. different activities, to assess overall severity of brain dysfunction. The cumulative score for these multidimensional scales results from summation of sub-scores representing specific activities. The relative contribution of the sub-scores to the total score, however, is variable, as is the task difficulty to assess specific activities in the different scales (e.g. the MMSE has a total score of 30 and scores 3 points for the recall of three words on single presentation and that task which is preserved till very late in the disease carries the same weight as the three points that could be obtained from recalling those words 5 minutes later a task that is very often one of the earliest signs of impairment, the ADAScog asks for recall of ten words on threefold presentation of the test and together with other memory items the function memory is represented with 27 points out of 70).
It was our goal to address the impact of non-linearity of disease progression and construction of multidimensional scales on the analysis of these additive global scales.
Basic model for the representation of function
Modeling the decline of function needs to reflect that tasks that are easy show a ceiling effect in assessment in early disease (i.e. the task is so easy or the underlying brain circuits are so insensitive to the disease process that the score does not decline over the initial time of the degenerative process) and in the later stages a floor effect (i.e. the task is so difficult or the underlying brain circuits are so severely affected from the disease process that the score is not sensitive enough to pick up further decline). Such a pattern was demonstrated for the items of the Mini-Mental-Status Examination [23,24], repeating of words is task with an early ceiling effect and delayed recall of memorized words is a task with an early floor effect. Accordingly we used an inverse exponential rule for modeling the decline of function with progressing disease: , where i = 1, 2, tmin ≤ t ≤ tmax, ci < 0.
Different fi represent different symptoms (e.g. memory, praxis, and so forth) declining over time according to parameters ai, bi, and ci, accessible by empirical studies, and t indicating time. Qualitatively, the arguments outlined below are also valid for various other functions than the inverse exponential function.
Vulnerability and difficulty
Two examples for the decline of performance over time using the basic model are shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1. Selective vulnerability and task difficulty. , i = 1, 2, tmin ≤ t ≤ tmax,.For the orange curve the parameters of the formula in Figure 1 are: a1 = b1 = 1, c1 = -1/6. For the green curve the parameters are: a2 = b2 = 1, c2 = -1/20. The orange curve represents a symptom with a ceiling effect at the beginning of clinical disease (e.g. praxia in Alzheimer's disease), the green curve represents a symptom with a floor effect early during progression of disease (e.g. episodic memory in Alzheimer's disease).
These curves can be interpreted in two different ways: I) function f1 and f2 represent different tasks, e.g. memory and praxis. In this interpretation, f1 represents an activity that early and rapidly declines with progression of disease (e.g. episodic memory in patients with Alzheimer's disease). The function f2 represents an activity that is upheld early during progression of disease with decline only occurring later (e.g. praxis in patients with Alzheimer's disease). Within this framework the neurobiological reason for the distinct time course of decline of function is selective vulnerability of brain regions. II) Alternatively, it may be assumed that the two curves represent the same task (e.g. spatial orientation). With this interpretation f1 represents measurement of the task with an instrument without a ceiling effect but with an early floor effect (e.g. spatial orientation in an unknown environment in patients with Alzheimer's Disease). The function f2 in this interpretation represents an instrument with an early ceiling effect and a late floor effect (e.g. spatial orientation in a known environment in patients with Alzheimer's Disease). In other words, f1 has a high task difficulty (reflecting disease progression or design of instrument) and f2 has a low task difficulty (reflecting disease progression or design of instrument).
Multidimensional additive scales
We now assume two scales (e.g. the MMSE and the ADAScog), one scale represented by FA and another scale represented by FB, both comprised of two tasks following functions f1 (a task that declines early and rapidly over the course of disease) and f2 (a task that declines later during the course of disease) but weighted differently in FA and FB:
Fj (t; ai,, bi, ci, λji, i = 1, 2) = λj1f1(t; a1,, b1, c1) + λj2f2 (t; a2,, b2, c2) for j ∈ {A, B} where λj1 λj2 with which the functions f1 and f2 are weighted in the scales FA and FB, respectively. Without loss of generality: λj1 + λj2 = for j ∈{A, B}.
To illustrate it: the cognitive part of the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (ADAScog) weights 'memory' with 27 out of 70 points: (word recall (max. 10), word recognition (max. 12), remembering test instructions (max. 5)). The Severe Impairment Battery (SIB) weights 'memory' with a maximum of 14 out of 100 points. The Mini Mental State Examination weights 'memory' with 6 out of 30 points. In contrast, 'orientation' is reflected in these scales with a maximum of 8 out of 70, 6 out of 100, and 10 out of 30, respectively.
How combination of assessment of different tasks into one scale affects assessment of disease progression as measured with these scales is shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2. Composite Scales. Functions f1 and f2 as in Figure 1. Scale FA: FA(t; ai, bi, ci, i = 1, 2) = 3/8 f1(t; a1, b1, c1) + 5/8 f2 (t; a2, b2, c2). Scale FB: FB (t; ai, bi, ci, i = 1, 2) = 2/3 f1(t; a1, b1, c1) + 1/3 f2 (t; a2, b2, c2):. Hence, the scale FA is dominated by function f2 and scale FB is dominated by function f1. The graph shows normalized scores over time.
Treatment effects
We now assume treatment affects by scaling factors 1 + δi, i = 1, 2, such that reflecting a purely symptomatic treatment effect on the progression of the disease for the treated group is described as (1 +δi ) fi (t; ai, bi, ci) for i = 1, 2, tmin ≤ t ≤ tmax Comparison of effect sizes or calculation of a common effect size in a meta-analysis naturally has to assume time-independence of the effect size - otherwise the result of bringing together results from multiple studies would strongly depend on how many studies with milder or more advanced severity of patients, respectively, are brought together in the analysis. The mathematical analysis below shows that a sufficient condition in the mathematical sense to achieve time independent effects is to assume that the standard deviation is proportional to the mean of the observed data. From a practical point of view this can be interpreted as a constant relative deviation. More precisely, Theorem 1 states that the effect size Cohen's d of both measurements is independent of the time of observation, i.e., di(t) ≡ di Hence, the necessary condition for applying for applying meta-analysis is satisfied. However, in general meta-analyses can also be performed with cumulative values of multidimensional scales and the question of time-independent effects have to be answered again. For this consider the additive scales Fj (t, ai, bi, ci, λji, i = 1, 2) = λj1 f1(t; a1, b1, c1) + λj2 f2(t; a2b2c2) for j ∈ {A, B} introduced before. Time-independence would follow if the effect sizes needs to be calculated in the intuitive way as dj(t) = λj1 d1(t) + λj2 d2(t). "Unfortunately", mathematical analysis (see below for more details) yields in that the effects size is a function depending on the weights λj1, λj2 j ∈ {A, B} of the functions f1 and f2 in the composite scales FA and FB, the treatment effects δ1, δ2, and in contrast to the intuition in general on the functions fi, i = 1, 2, and - most important - the time t (Figure 3).
Figure 3. Treatment effects. Functions f1 and f2 and Scales FA and FB as in Figure 2. A treatment effect of 30% is assumed for f1 (Treatment 1) or f2 (Treatment 2). Upper panel) Effects on Scale FA at early and late time points. Lower panel) Effects on Scale FB at early and late time points. The graph shows normalized scores over time. The graph shows that the size of the treatment effect depends on the scale that is used.
It is natural to ask, under which assumptions we can get rid of the general statement on time-dependence and still can guarantee time-independence for additive scales. The mathematical analyses shows that this is the case if we assume that over time the observed data are perfectly correlated with respect to the different scales and in addition if δ1 = δ2 (this means that the treatment effect is identical for both functions fi, i = 1, 2, representing different cognitive functions) or λi = 0, i ∈ {1, 2} The latter assumption means that function of interest is no longer multidimensional. Whether these assumption are either realistic or of relevant interest has to be decided in a preprocessing step.
However, in order to be able to calculate the time-dependent scaling factor in the general case, this would require to know the treatment effect on individual functions with given task difficulty and the exact weights of the individual functions in the composite scales as well as the time-dependency of the individual functions.
For example: a treatment effect of 30% improvement in function f1 or function f2 yields quite different effect sizes for early and late patients as assessed with scales FA or FB with results between 0.4624 and 0.6039 (Table 1).
Table 1. Calculation of effect sizes (Cohen's d) for early and late treatment as assessed with scale FA and FB.
Inductive mathematical proof
If we assume the average progression of a disease with regard to two instruments within some specified period of time can be described by , i = 1, 2, tmin ≤t ≤ tmax, and that for any time t the underlying distribution of the random variable Xi(t) is a normal one with mean μi(t): = fi(t).
For its standard deviation σi(t) we assume that always a percentage of 1- α of the distribution has a relative deviation from the mean from at most β percent. To be more precise, if zα/2 denotes the (1-α/2) -quantile of the standard normal distribution, then σi(t) can be determined by the equations
whence for any time t we have.
While the above models the case of untreated patients the effect of a proper medication is expressed by scaling factors 1 + δi, i = 1, 2, i.e., on the average the progression of the disease for the treated group is described by (1 + δi) fi(t; ai, bi, ci), i = 1, 2, tmin ≤ t ≤ tmax, where we assume like before that for any time t the random variable that describes the observed data at time t is again normally distributed with mean (1 + δi) μi(t) and, since the calculation of Cohen's d requires unchanged standard deviations, the same standard deviation like before, i.e.,
Accepting the assumptions made above we obtain the following result for the effect size "Cohen's d" di(t) of the treatment at time t for instrument i, i = 1,2.
Theorem 1
The effect size Cohen's d is independent of the time of observation, i.e., di(t) ≡ di.
Proof 1
From the definition of Cohen's d we straightforward obtain
Next consider the case that we are interested in the composed function
where λ1, λ2 are non-negative scaling factors with, say, λ1 + λ2 = 1. From an intuitive point of view we expect
for the effect size d(t) of the composed scale. And in case our intuition is correct, time-independence as a desirable prerequisite for meta-analysis on, say, additive scales would immediately follow.
To compute d(t) for f(t; ai, bi, ci, λi, i = 1, 2) we have to consider the random variable X(t) = λ1X1(t) + λ2X2(t) for untreated patients and for treated patients. Obviously, both variables are normally distributed with mean μ(t) = λ1μ1(t) + λ2μ2(t) and μδ (t) = λ1(1 + δ1)μ1(t) + λ2 (1 + δ2)μ2(t) respectively. For the variance σ2(t) of X(t) and hence by assumption also of Xδ(t), we have the basic formula
where cor (X1(t), X2(t)) denotes the correlation of X1(t), and X2 (t),.
In the general case, i.e. without any restrictions on the correlation we obtain time-dependence on the effect size d(t) of the composed scale. To be more precise, we have
To become more specific and to answer the question, whether time-independence can be guaranteed also for composed scales under special assumptions we consider as a simple example the case cor (X1(t), X2(t)) = 1 This assumption yields
hence σ(t) = (λ1σ1(t) + λ2σ2(t)) and we can calculate Cohen's d: Using we finally obtain, which is in general still not independent of the time t.
In order to further analyze the dependence of the "composed Cohen's d" on the involved parameters we rewrite its formula. Under the assumption on standard deviations and correlation made above we obtain for the effect size:
Theorem 2
Proof 2
We calculate
From a theoretical point of view we can now observe the following:
1) If δ1 = δ2, then Cohen's d of the composed measure is independent of the time and in particular equals the weighted sum of the effect sizes d1 and d2, i.e.,
2) If λi = 0, i ∈ {1, 2}, then Cohen's d of the composed measure is independent of the time, to be more precise . (Actually this reflects that the choice of parameter implies that the function of interest is no longer a composed one.)
The second observation straightforward leads to the question whether the choices of λi = 0, i ∈{1, 2} are the extreme ones concerning d(t) over the domain D: = {λ: = (λ1, λ2)|λ1, λ2 ≥ 0; λ1 + λ2 = 1}?
Theorem 3
Proof 3
Without loss of generality assume that δ1 ≤ δ2. Then it follows on the one side
and on the other side
Note that we have always equality if δ1 = δ2 which reflects the first observation made above, hence scaling cannot change the effect size. However, if, say, δ1 < δ2, then Cohen's d can be changed by a factor of up to δ2/δ1 by choosing different scales.
Next let us consider the situation that either δ1 = 0 or δ2 = 0.
Corollary 1
Under the assumption made above on standard deviations and correlation we obtain for the effect size
First note that is equivalent to . Hence, using Theorem 2 we obtain
for i ∈ {1, 2}.
If δ1 = 0 ≠ δ2 we conclude
If δ1 ≠ 0 = δ2 we conclude
Finally let us compare in the situations δ1 = 0 or δ2 = 0 the composed Cohen's d with the intuitive choice d(t) = λidi.
Corollary 2
Under the assumption made above on standard deviations and correlation and assuming μ1(t) < μ2(t) für t ∈ {tmin, tmax} we obtain for the effect size
Using Corollary 1 for the case δ1 ≠ 0 = δ2 we obtain
And in the case δ1 = 0 ≠ δ2 we obtain
Rather than drawing conclusions from clinical trials via the differences in the cumulative scores of clinical scales it has become a custom to calculate effect sizes. The intention being to allow comparison of the effect of treatments in the same indication but whilst using different instruments. Using meta-analytic procedures a pooled effect size then is calculated. Meta-analyses are assumed to be the tools to achieve an unbiased analysis of disease severity and the efficacy of treatments [1-4]. Meta-analyses thus are used to summarize results across studies and even across different indications. Considering the multitude of clinical trials and the multitude of treatments such methods are urgently needed and with certain study designs and endpoints this may be an appropriate procedure. It is one limitation of the present study that modulation of effect size calculation by instruments applied and disease stages analyzed applies only to additive scales. These, however, are used frequently in neurodegenerative disease and it is therefore necessary to be aware of the methodological boundary conditions for calculation of effect sizes for additive scales.
Simulation of decline of function in neurodegenerative disease with a non-linear representation of function demonstrates that calculation of effect sizes for early and late patients is subject to distortion by differences in the vulnerability of brain tissue or task difficulty and scale construction, respectively. Effect sizes are not inert to disease progression and the instruments used to detect it and therefore do not replace experienced clinical assessment of disease impact and treatment effect. Meta-analyses must not pool effect sizes from clinical trials in patients with different severity of disease. Clearly the use of the same scales across the whole disease process is not possible for reasons of differences in task difficulty creating floor and ceiling effects.
It has already been reported that the ADAS-cog and its subscales provide maximum information at moderate levels of cognitive dysfunction [25,26]. Raw score differences toward the lower and higher ends of the scale corresponded to large differences in cognitive dysfunction, whereas raw score differences toward the middle of the scale corresponded to smaller differences [25]. In more severe stages of dementia the ADAScog loses its sensitivity of change so much that the SIB was developed to assess patients who are unable to complete tests such as the ADAS-cog [18]. However, use of different composite scales is not possible since the subscales are not scaled according to task difficulty, are not balanced across different neuropsychological functions, and are weighted differently in different composite scales. A recent post-hoc analysis of published data is in good harmony with the conclusions from the simulation provided here and the mathematical analysis [27]. In that study [27] it was shown that effect size calculation is subject to an interaction of cognitive domain, disease severity, and instruments used for assessment.
In principle, these distortions by disease stage and treatments affecting different functions within a given scale could be measured and mathematical analysis (above and appendix) shows a way to estimate a scaling factor that needed to be introduced. Analysis of current shortcomings then needs to be extended. In the present model we only assume two functions representing two activities, which yields a scaling factor of up to δ2/δ1 (cf. above). Clinical scales such as the MMSE or the ADAScog are composed of a multitude of functions. When analyzing the ADAScog, for instance, at least four functions need to be considered: memory, orientation, language, and praxis. Therefore, in order to be able to estimate the relative scaling factors would require a very large population.
It has been suggested to call effect sizes of below 0.2 as 'small and above 0.5 as 'medium' [28]. The above analysis demonstrates that the naïve analysis of composite measures may bring about a false categorization of effect size. Effect size calculation of composite endpoints therefore cannot be used as a guideline for the judgment on therapeutic efficacy for neurobiological and statistical reasons. The numerical value of the analysis depends on the choice of the instrument and is subject to distortion by disease progression. Calculation of effect sizes, therefore, can not substitute for clinical assessment. Clinical expertise determines the choice of the instrument - the results therefore need to be interpreted with clinical expertise. Overall, statistical measures and meta-analyses of additive scales obfuscate, rather than clarify, the evidence on therapeutic efficacy in neurodegenerative disease.
In the past, clinical global assessments were the gold standard by which assessment scales were validated. In other words, scales were devised to act as a good proxy for clinical judgment which could be administered by less experienced clinicians. However, these scales clearly have great difficulties when extended over the range and time course of a degenerative disease. What may be a more satisfactory method of measuring change than combining many less than satisfactory study results would be to design a more sensitive way of capturing the clinical assessment. Clinical assessment uses parallel processing and multiple inputs which can account for variations in severity or even input of carepersons. Perhaps devising a more detailed global assessment with maybe 10 - 15 anchor points on a Likert scale that allows clinicians to provide a far more nuanced assessment than the present 7 (often then condensed to 5) point scale. For example it requires much greater evidence and confidence to move from minimal to major improvement than from no change to minimal improvement in most clinicians view and yet they represent similar degrees of improvement on the typical current global assessment scales. This tendency to conservative no change assessments caused by the lack of sensitivity of the scale may be why in the past the clinicians global assessment, whilst being the standard by which all patients in the real world and all other scales are assessed has not been regarded as a useful tool in clinical trials.
In the face of the clear lack of credibility in pooling effect size calculations on grouped and yet disparate studies for meta-analysis it may be time to put the clinical appraisal that has served for generations back where it belongs as cornerstone of our efficacy assessments and decision making about the utility of treatments in neurodegenerative diseases.
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Authors' contributions
MWR, DW, and HF raised the ideas and elaborated the medical content. AB performed the mathematical proof. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
The research was performed without external funding.
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Pre-publication history
The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:


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Sparkle 8400GS 512MB PCI + Dell Optiplex GX260 = problem
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Posts: 3
Sparkle 8400GS 512MB PCI + Dell Optiplex GX260 = problem
Hello all! Sorry for writing such a long post, please bear with me.
The plan is to upgrade the MythTV HTPC with a HD-capable card (VDPAU support), and since the motherboard had no PCI-E slots I opted for the Sparkle 8400GS PCI Passive 512 MB. I received the package the other day, but I just can't get it to work on my HTPC.
I am confident it is a hardware problem, since one of the symptoms is that I cannot enter the BIOS setup screen. The screen just goes blank and nothing happens (the LED on the monitor is still green, indicating a present signal). POST:ing works fine, and I can even boot a Linux system as long as it remains in the terminal and doesn't use a framebuffer. If I try booting the GUI, or try turning on the framebuffer I get the same blank screen.
The computer in question is a Dell Optiplex GX260 tower with a P4 1.8 GHz CPU, 250W PSU.
My first idea was that it was some kind of a PSU problem, so I borrowed a 480W and installed it, but no avail. It doesn't matter which PCI slot I'm using. I have tried removing all HDD:S, CD-ROMS and all other cards except for the GPU.
When I put the 8400GS into another, newer, Dell machine (still with a 250W PSU) it worked like a charm, so I have become quite confident that the power supply isn't the culprit.
Now, what on earth can make the 8400GS fail on this very computer? The motherboard seems fine, I have been using it for MythTV for several years without a problem. I should also mention that before trying the 8400GS, the computer was equipped with a 6xxx series AGP GeForce card.
Also I have two TV tuner cards (PCI) that are fine, so the PCI bus seems OK.
I also read somewhere that the 8400GS could need more power than the 25W specified for a PCI slot, could this be an issue? I have upgraded the BIOS to the latest version and I have also tried clearing the CMOS.
I hope I have given a detailed enough description of the problem and I really hope that some of you nVidia experts could shed some light on this issue. Thank you very much,
Card: Sparkle Geforce 8400GS 512MB Passive PCI (not pci express)
Computer: Dell Optiplex GX260, P4 1.8 GHz Tower
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I am still holding out for Carrara 8.5 Pro and using Genesis. But I also dread the huge heap of work that most likely will pounce me… when I move over to Camp Genesis.
The potential of Genesis is really interesting - now that I have seen various Character Morphs from example Mass Effect Game (Turian Morph and so on)—-> yep I love doing Fan Art. Simply no time and brain right now to follow up my OC projects. Maybe one day when I retire… (gets her dust-bin ready)
I have tons of M4 and V4 stuff - a lot customized either mesh or texture/shader wise. Tons of time invested, tons of money over the years and tons of "love" and "detail" which I do not want to lose when I start working with Genesis.
Can I use my custom skin shaders I created in Carrara 8 Pro, also in Carrara 8.5 Pro on Genesis?
(They are a mix between my own skin textures and the Carrara Delphinia Shaders customized for my needs)
I heard there is an extra channel/slot for Gen 4 Textures being used on Genesis…
All I found about it only concerned using DazStudio. But most who have read my posts know I hate that piece of software due it's extreme limitations in comparison to Carrara.
Question 2:
Is there a way I can save the "morph" setup inside of Carrara and use it on new Gen 4 characters - should my old figure ever turn out corrupted? (I had that happening twice, lucky me had a back up)
Can I use that saved morph setup on Genesis - so that they facial features look more or less like my old Gen 4 Facial Features?
I have created various carefully morphed V4 and M4 Characters which I even have manipulated in Zbrush to give them some more distinctive features.
Question 3:
Do Gen4 (V4 and M4) Clothes now work with Genesis and Auto-Fit? (I am confused here - because it was said, they work on Genesis, but then again, the artists release old V4 clothes for example again for Genesis… so what's the catch there?)
I got myself Cross-Dresser to convert some V4 clothes into M4 clothes and some M3 clothes into M4 clothes (there aren't simply enough high quality male fantasy clothes/full-clad dangerous looking armor alá Lord of the Rings or Skyrim)
Would those transformed clothes work on Genesis as well, has anyone experience with that? M3 turned into M4 and then using AutoFit Tool in Carrara on Genesis?
Does anyone also know if Genesis male clothes can be made useable for M4? Is there any decent well working converter for this?
Because, should Genesis not be able to handle my old Gen 4 stuff I think I'll pass on that whole Carrara 8.5 stuff and just get the clothes for conversion… and wait for Carrara 9.


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Next tie 17-19 July 2015
France will travel to Great Britain for a quarterfinal clash between two nations who have lifted the title on nine occasions. Great Britain leads the head-to-head between the two nations 11-9 but France have won the last two meetings.
Last tie 6-8 March 2015
France overcame Germany 3-2 in their first away tie since the 2013 quarterfinals. Gilles Simon's 76(4) 26 67(1) 62 108 win over Jan-Lennard Struff in the opening rubber proved to be the catalyst the team needed as they sealed the tie in Saturday's doubles rubber, with Nicolas Mahut earning the winning point on his Davis Cup debut.
France are joint-third on the all-time list of champions having won the title nine times, most recently in 2001. They have also finished runners-up on eight occasions, including in 2014 when they were defeated by Switzerland 3-1 in the Final.
Next Tie17 Jul 2015
World Group - Quarterfinals
Great Britain
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Introduction to OmniGraffle 4
Computing Resources >> Tutorials >> Graphics & Multimedia >> Introduction to OmniGraffle 4
Using your OmniGraffle diagram
Other types of OmniGraffle Drawings
Changing the background color
Step 1:
From the menu at the top of the screen, click on "View," then "Show Utility Drawer." The utility drawer will open to the left of your document. (Figure 7A). You can hide the utility drawer by going back to "View" and selecting "Hide Utility Drawer." The Utilities icon will do the same thing (Figure7).
Step 2:
Select "Layers" at the top of the Utility Drawer (Figure 7B).
Step 3:
Click on the box next to the word "Background" (Figure 7C). This will open a new window (Figure 7D).
Step 4:
Select a color. Note that if you click the icons along the top of the Colors palette you will have different ways to select colors, including a color wheel, color sliders, color palettes, image palettes and crayons.
Figure 7


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Like a crystal ball, Spheree contains a projected 3D image that you can interact with and move around.
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Welcome to the Music Department's website!
Fáilte go suíomh Gréasáin na Roinne Ceoil!
Music at Maynooth
The key areas of musicology, performance, composition and music technology lie at the heart of our activities
Music Making
Our ensembles include the Chamber Orchestra, Chamber Choir, Irish Traditional Group, Choral Society, Ladies' Choir, Guitar Ensemble and Contemporary Music Ensemble 'Fuaim'
Studying Music
Our suite of degrees includes the undergraduate BMus, BA, and BA Music Technology programmes and, at postgraduate level, a variety of taught MAs and the MLitt and PhD by independent research.
Our Research Community
Composers, performers, musicologists and music technologists work together within a strong interdisciplinary culture
Welcome to the Music Department's website!
Music and Bands During the Early Years of the Céilí – Dr Adrian Scahill Lecture
As part of Leinster Fleadh Cheoil 2015, Dr Adrian Scahill will discuss his research on the early period of the céilí and the céilí band
When: Wednesday, 08 July 2015
International Bilingual Conference The European Salon: Nineteenth-Century Salonmusik
Call for Papers International Bilingual Conference The European Salon: Nineteenth-Century Salonmusik 2-4 October 2015, National University of Ireland, Maynooth Keynote speakers: Professor Susan Youens, Professor Harald Krebs, and Professor Glenn Stanley
When: Friday, 02 October 2015 to Sunday, 04 October 2015
Maynooth Academics enrolled as members of Royal Irish Academy
Maynooth academics Dr Lorraine Byrne Bodley, Department of Music and Professor Rob Kitchin, NIRSA, have been admitted as members to the Royal Irish Academy (RIA).
Date: Tuesday, 02 June 2015
MU Performance features on RTE
MUO Performance features on RTE program
Date: Monday, 18 May 2015
The Department of Music is located in Logic House on the South Campus.
Lunchtime Concerts from Riverstown Hall
Shauna Mullin (voice) & Ryan Molloy (piano)