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16 of 16 people found the following review helpful
5.0 out of 5 stars I shouldn't complain but ....
Along with Dylan's first (may there be more) part of his autobiography in the book "Chronicles", Bob has cooperated with Martin Scorcese on setting some of the record straight on his past.
Along with many long term Dylan fans we have suffered unsatisfactory biographies and conflicting interviews from the big Zee himself and finally we're getting some truth...
Published on 31 Dec. 2005 by Amazon Customer
6 of 7 people found the following review helpful
1.0 out of 5 stars GET PENNEBAKER!
The problems with this dvd have nothing to do with the Dylan footage. It has to do with Martin Scorsese's use of the film. If its true that he was handed over all available 1966 footage by Dylan's management in order to assemble this film, then you have to wonder why it doesn't include a great deal more of that splendid material. Perhaps the surviving footage is as...
Published on 6 Feb. 2013 by Stephen Goldsmith
Most Helpful First | Newest First
16 of 16 people found the following review helpful
5.0 out of 5 stars I shouldn't complain but ....,
This review is from: No Direction Home [Bob Dylan] [DVD] (DVD)
Along with Dylan's first (may there be more) part of his autobiography in the book "Chronicles", Bob has cooperated with Martin Scorcese on setting some of the record straight on his past.
Along with many long term Dylan fans we have suffered unsatisfactory biographies and conflicting interviews from the big Zee himself and finally we're getting some truth from the man himself. It's like we've had over 40 years of one sided information and now we're finally getting a bit of Mr Dylan's point of view.
It doesn't need saying that this is a must for all dedicated Dylan fans but it is also a good introduction for those new to Dylan's classic period. The coverage of Dylan's friends, colleagues and influences from his early years is exceptional.
I especially liked Joan Baez's contributions showing that she has finally come to terms with Bob's refusal to become a campaigner for human rights and civil lieberties. She now shows that she accepts that Bob was not driven in the same way as she and that their separation was in some ways inevitable.
The only negative is that we don't get complete video recordings of the concert footage in the DVD "performance" section. There is clearly a great archive of footage that is still waiting to be released, especially the 1966 tour, and I for one am still waiting for it!
40 of 41 people found the following review helpful
5.0 out of 5 stars Faithful to himself, and to the music...,
B. Alcat (Hanoi, Vietnam) - See all my reviews
This review is from: No Direction Home [Bob Dylan] [DVD] (DVD)
This documentary is really LONG, but it is more than WORTH watching. Why? Because it tells us a lot about Bob Dylan, or at least as much as Dylan himself is prepared to say for now.
"Part One" of "No direction home" goes from the late 1950´s to 1963, and deals with the place where Dylan grew, and the kind of music he liked. I found this specially interesting, as I hadn´t heard of Woody Guthrie, Tommy Makem, and others that had an enormous influence on Dylan. I enjoyed watching and hearing him as he developed as an artist, and changed accordingly.
"Part two" covers the period that goes from 1963 to 1966. It is very good, and has great footage of Dylan´s concerts, like "Part one". The main difference between the two dvds probably is that the second one lacks the kind of explanation regarding the historical context that the first one has. All the same, it is enjoyable, and only obviously in fault when compared to "Part one".
This documentary includes lots of footage of the young Dylan and comments made by the "old" Dylan, the person that young and gifted man grew up to be. Not only that, but there are also quite a few interviews of people who knew him at one moment or the other, and that help to shed some light on him. The interviews that involve Joan Baez are probably the most insightful regarding Bob Dylan´s character, and his refusal to be trapped in a role as symbol of the left.
I think that if there is a constant in Dylan´s career, it is probably the fact that he refuses to be pinned down, to be anything other than himself, and that is nothing less and nothing more than what he feels like being at the moment. "No direction home" shows that, and I think we should congratulate Martin Scorsese for that. So... thanks, Martin, but please bear in mind I really, really want to watch the sequel :)
Belen Alcat
41 of 42 people found the following review helpful
5.0 out of 5 stars Wonderfully refreshing!,
D. R. G. Wright "David Wright" (Leeds, UK) - See all my reviews
This review is from: No Direction Home [Bob Dylan] [DVD] (DVD)
Just about the best thing ever on Dylan.I really began to wonder if there was anything left to learn about the man and then we get "Chronicles" and now this, with the man himself giving his first hand account of events all those years ago. And how refreshing to hear him so coherent and intelligible, and not taking himself too seriously either. There is some genuinely revealing stuff here from him and his contemparies, with Joan Baez's contributions especially interesting. Just loved her story of how he was so amused at the intellectual analyses of his lyrics when he had no idea what they meant! And it is great to have all that uninterrupted footage of some of his most outstanding performances to treasure, including the extended performances not shown on the TV programme. Can it get any better than this?
9 of 9 people found the following review helpful
4.0 out of 5 stars Just a pawn in their game,
David Bowers "@iamdavebowers" (Boston, MA) - See all my reviews
This review is from: No Direction Home [Bob Dylan] [DVD] (DVD)
No Direction home is a documentary over 2 discs charting the rise of Bob Dylan and his affect on music and the world.
Disc 1 is somewhat harder to watch, spending a lot of time talking to other musicians about the music scene in general, lots of live footage of other bands and not enough Dylan. While it is interesting it's more a history of folk music than a Dylan documentary.
Disc 2 follows on but features Dylan far more closely. The documentary includes a vast amount of archive footage that is fascinating to watch. Everything builds until Dylan eventually introduces electric performances to his sets and his fans cry out against him.
I have watched these discs and have a much greater appreciation for Dylan as a songwriter and performer.
6 of 6 people found the following review helpful
5.0 out of 5 stars The enigma speaks!,
Smokey Joe "biglouis" (London) - See all my reviews
This review is from: No Direction Home [Bob Dylan] [DVD] (DVD)
I must admit that I had very low expectations about this documentary when it was first presented on TV. His Bobness has always been extremely backwards at coming forwards and I expected a third-person analysis of his life based on research and interviews with contempories. I almost fell off my chair when I realised, from the get-go that Dylan was going to speak directly and honestly about his life and experiences.
It is much to Scorcese's credit that the interviewer never intrudes upon any contributions. There is no narrative, Dylan and others tell their stories in such a way that they flow together to create the fabric of Dylan's lifestory from his beginnings up until 1966. Scorcese captures Dylan at his most personal, even ordinary which does much to remind us that after all, he is just another human being.
In addition Scorcese reminds us by his choice of interviews of the myriad of important contempories who helped forge and shape Dylan's talent, including Joan Baez and Pete Seeger amongst others.
This package contains it all, direct from the horses mouth and supported by a cast of contempories who also speak without restraint (and to their credit, without rancour) about the most influential musician of the last part of the 20th century.
My only complaint is that Scorcese only takes us up to the watershed in Dylan's career forced on him by his biking accident in 1966. Although Dylan admits to us that he was fed up with the scene and needed a break from it at that point in time, an uninformed viewer might think that Dylan's career ended in 1966, although his fans appreciate that he has been continuously creative up to and including the present day.
I can only hope that what Scorcese has in mind is a "later years" documentary at some point in the very near future.
This documentary delivers on many different levels. A historical document, a trip down memory lane, an explanation of the importance and impact of one man, a reminder that 99% of what we think we know about our muscial icons is largely created by media hype and disinformation. This is the straight scoop and an essential contribution to our understanding of 'the man' and the evolution of contempory music over the last 40 years.
15 of 16 people found the following review helpful
5.0 out of 5 stars Scorsese's Dylan,
Phillip Kay (Sydney) - See all my reviews
This review is from: No Direction Home [Bob Dylan] [DVD] (DVD)
Martin Scorsese's film No Direction Home, which I watched last night, provided an absorbing three and a half hours of insight into Bob Dylan's early life and his emergence into prominence and controversy in the mid sixties. I mention the duration of the movie because I can rarely sit and watch for so long without my attention wandering. Not in this film. Before remarking on the content of the film, it is worth considering Scorsese's direction. I recommend this film to anyone interested in watching or in making documentary film. The way in which archival material, concert footage and interview segments are integrated and paced is masterly. The film really tells a story and creates an atmosphere: I felt as though I was there. Scorsese's experience in making feature films has enriched his direction of this film. Although comparisons are silly, it may be his best film. It sent me back to The Last Waltz for comparison of his method.
The film's most valuable asset is Dylan's own recounting of his past, and the most striking point about it is how much interview time in Dylan's early years was wasted in asking often trite questions of this most intuitive mind. He rarely answered them, and often could only express his irritation of the questioner. Scorsese's film of the contemporary Dylan rarely presents the questions, content to record what he has to say. Hibbing, Minnesota is stripped bare. Even Dylan's evasiveness, when dealing with his more questionable behaviour to friends and colleagues, is revealing. There is a conflict between Scorsese's intention to make a coherent narrative and Dylan's lifelong habit of crossing borders and categories, throwing dust on his trail and refusing to be pigeonholed that adds an interesting tension to the viewing.
The main thrust of Scorsese's film is the impact of Dylan's crossover to electric instrumental accompaniment. Listeners then had become divided into self perceived groups, the folk 'purist', social conscience type and the mindless consumers of pop pap who just enjoyed the music, and Dylan outraged everyone by moving between these groups freely. His motives were neither pure nor particularly self aware. From the perspective of our own times the differences between these types of music seem less extreme: both were commercial entertainment; listening to a protest song was often a substitute for more committed action. Yet at the time the difference was important to those who were there. From the conflict that ensured, the boos and the cries of traitor, there would emerge something new in pop culture, the pop music artist, and Scorsese doesn't let us forget it. One disadvantage to this emphasis is that it focuses on the same period and phenomenon as Pennebaker's Don't Look Back, which is even quoted in Scorsese's film. The Pennebaker film (a masterpiece) has been available on DVD for some time, and most watchers of No Direction Home would be familiar with it (note the similar inspiration between the two titles).
The film reveals Dylan's background, and then moves on to an overview of the music he grew up listening to, from Hank Williams to Muddy Waters, fascinating to those interested in developments in popular music. The society of Dylan's youth is sketched in vividly: Cold War, Greenwich Village, the folk music scene, the civil rights movement, the birth of folk-rock. The controversy over Dylan's move to electric instruments in the mid 60s is shown through concert footage. We see the Dylan who found, used and then dropped Woody Guthrie, Joan Baez and many others. One comment, that Dylan was like a sponge, reminded me of a similar comment about George Gershwin, who absorbed, or 'stole' elements from all the popular cultures of his time. But transformed them. This was the Dylan who became, unexpectedly, a pop star, who poured out a stream of literate, introspective pop lyrics which made pop culture 'respectable' to the intellectuals and had a transforming effect on the way popular music was presented by other artists. In a way Dylan could be said to have re-invented pop music in this period.
So, everyone has his Dylan. In the 60s Dylan was for some The Genius; for others he was The Poet; for others again he was The Traitor. These are all projections of our own that tell us what we are looking for. No wonder Dylan dodged like crazy. Today if you become a star you deal with it by making it a persona, or you self destruct by taking it all seriously. Dylan survived because he had many personas. This film is Scorsese's Dylan. We'll never know Dylan's Dylan.
Scorsese's film covers the period 1941 to 1968, when Dylan suffered injuries in a motor cycle accident when he was about 26 years old. Therefore the film does not deal with a lot of important things about Dylan: his marriage and family; his influence on popular music, especially on the Beatles; the literary value of his song lyrics and his stature as probably the greatest of popular song writers; his use, even quite late in his career, of traditional melodies (which is common folk practice); the creation of country rock; the disintegration and self healing recorded on Blood on the Tracks; his various religious affiliations; and his non musical activities such as paintings and novels. If anyone reading this knows Martin Scorsese would they ask if a second film is going to be made covering this material? Probably the elusive Dylan would consider it too defining and completing a study to be made in his lifetime, but you can only ask.
35 of 38 people found the following review helpful
5.0 out of 5 stars Part One excellent; Part Two merely very good,
By A Customer
This review is from: No Direction Home [Bob Dylan] [DVD] (DVD)
I waited for this documentary in the same way that Joan Baez waited to hear Bob Dylan for the first time; the hype was too good to be true, she said, and so she went to see him only to find out it was as good as portrayed. That was my hope, that it would be as good as it was hyped to be, and I was not fully satisfied.
I was more than satisfied with Part One (late 1950's-63) - very little psycho-babble on his childhood; merely shots of his face as a kid fading into the music which influenced him. The arrangement of the old footage from Woody Guthrie to Tommy Makem and the Clancy Brothers(they even had the legendary John Jacob Niles!) was genuinely exciting; it was Dylan without warts (the guy stole 45 invaluable records from a generous folk music collector, justifying it by claiming to be a musical expeditionary, and with a straight face); and Dave van Ronk was a genuine character, stating that Dylan was comfortable with the Left, but not really a man of the Left. Yet the Left cottoned on to him, seeing him in terms of an activism which was not fully there (compared with Baez or the courageous Pete Seeger). This told me far more about the wish-fulfilment of the US Left in the early 60s than any other programme. The Dylan performances were gems. So - Part One was excellent, with the music and the historical contexzt reinforcing each other.
But - Part Two (1963-66) did not live up to my expectations. The great performances by Dylan were there - they even had the legendary British concert where someone called out 'Judas' as he began Like a Rolling Stone, leading him to spit back 'you're a liar' and to use the song like a gun against the critics in the crowd (they had been partly organised by the British Communist Party, who were angry at Dylan's withdrawal form political folk music). The historical context was there at the start, but then suddenly stopped. It became one-sided - a chronicle of his performances, at its best a recognition that Dylan's breath-control in the 1964-66 period was an expression of beat poetry set to electronic sound (Whitman and Ginsburg used breath as a more natural means of organising the poetic line than the artifical iambic pentameter).
But the historical context was missing - what was Dylan's attitude to the Vietnam War? The angst in his music of 1964-66, looking for the desperate and desolate in an age of affluence, was to my mind a reflection of the angst troubling American society as the Great Society was being proclaimed.
Worse, the musical context was missing. What about the Beatles, whose own music was transformed by Dylan, and who helped to transform Dylan ("that's nothing; it's just something I learned in England")? Dylan didn't stop listening to music in 63; he continued to evolve, and the musical influences on that evolution are missing here. So we are left with the performances, magical as they were.
So - Part Two was not excellent. It was merely very good.
3 of 3 people found the following review helpful
5.0 out of 5 stars The best dylan film,
Neil Carmichael "carmichaelneil" (france) - See all my reviews
This review is from: No Direction Home [Bob Dylan] [DVD] (DVD)
Dylan must be a nightmare to interview. He says things which are totally disengenuous. But that is him; the real deal. Both here and in his autobiography "chronicles" he insists he wasn't a spokesman for a generation or anyone else. He says he was just a troubadour. Perhaps musical opportunist is more appropriate. Either way, there is no doubting his influence on the last 50 years of popular music.
This film clearly shows how he got there. His talent, energy and drive pushed him onto the stage and his creativity and adaptability kept him one step ahead. If he had kept strumming Pete Seeger style, he would be as forgotten now as Seeger is.
Scorsese's genius is to have Dylan answer the questions. Ok, some of the answers are self delusion; but at least they shed a light on how he would like to be seen. Finally, if none of the above is enough reason to watch this, the concert clips and the surprisingly good sound quality clinch it.
10 of 11 people found the following review helpful
5.0 out of 5 stars Bob Dylan - Ruthless expeditionary,
Joe Mcnally (Scotland) - See all my reviews
This review is from: No Direction Home [Bob Dylan] [DVD] (DVD)
Watching this film on my laptop, in the dark, in bed, headphones on, it took me through from the final minutes of my 57th birthday into the early hours of my next day closer to death. All being well (or not, depending on your viewpoint) Dylan, with 12 and a quarter years on me, will die before I do. I tell you this because much of the impact on me of watching No Direction Home came from the minute by minute tick-away from my long-ago youth towards mortality. This will not be an objective review.
It took me a long time to 'get' Dylan. I was aware of him in the 60s, but never sought out his music. Horse-racing was what grabbed me as a teenager and the more I listened to Dylan talk in this film, and the more I heard what he was saying being explicitly or implicitly confirmed by his 'friends' and acquaintances, the more I thought his personality to be very similar to another genius, one I knew much more about - Lester Piggott.
Piggott not only changed racing in the way Dylan changed music, but he did so with similar speed and ruthlesness. At the height of his powers, Piggott was interviewed by The Guardian; his general recitence and contempt for the press mirrored Dylan's but the key similarity, for me, was when Piggott was asked how he felt about being publicly condemned for 'stealing' other jockeys rides (Piggott would ring owners and convince them to dispense with their 'own' jockeys and let him ride certain horses), Piggott replied, 'It didn't affect me at all. I don't care what people think of me, never have.'
All LP cared about was doing what he knew he was born to do and the strongest message I got from Dylan in this film was that he felt exactly the same. Dylan never bought into the adulation - seemed bemused by it. He effectively admits he doesn't know where the songs came from, he had no great conscious awareness of writing protest songs or songs with any deliberate slant - he just wrote without questioning or analysing what came out. One of the most significant and astute quotes in the film came from a producer (whose name I can't recall), "I felt sorry for him. God didn't put his hand on Bob's shoulder so much as kick him up the ass!". Dylan just had to keep going, keep hammering those typewriter keys. Indeed, another very telling quote from the man himself - "As a performer, you can never say you've arrived. You've always got to be moving on."
It takes Scorsese a long time to get round to the Joan Baez interviews when she's reflecting, by a log fire (looking stunning for her age - the 'shriek' effect of her singing voice thankfully mellowed by the years) on the young Dylan, her ex-lover. For all her apparent feisty, mature on-camera acceptance that the romance was long dead and probably doomed from the outset anyway, you can still see the hurt. What Dylan did to her still bleeds. She mentions the pain of never being invited on stage by him in that first Eurpoean tour (when she, already established, had championed him time and again with duet invitations in his 'unknown' days). But, the real hurt was when they broke up - that was how it looked to me, at least.
By the way, Bylan's response to the wounded Baez, (by the non-invites to share the stage) . . . 'Joan shouldn't have expected me to be wise and in love at the same time.'
I didn't know much about Dylan before watching this film and I knew little more as the credits rolled. How can you hope to 'understand' someone whose only understanding of himself seems to be that he is here to write songs that he can play and sing? Or maybe his genius extends to shape-shifting (he refers to shape-shifters more than once). The only certainty I came away with was that Dylan never has and never will follow anyone's agenda but his own.
My five stars come from how watching the film, at my time of life, made me feel. Would I have given up my twelve years 'advantage' on Dylan to be in Greenwich Village when it was all happening? Only if I could have played a central part and realised some of my own 'dreams'. Those dreams have gone. Dylan didn't have the dreams, just the compulsion. He seems no happier or sadder now than he was then. He seems unchanged and untroubled. What I saw in No Direction Home was a man who never aged because he was a hundred years old the day he was born.
2 of 2 people found the following review helpful
5.0 out of 5 stars Long, in depth insight to Dylan's folk beginning!,
L. Swanston "Edie" (UK) - See all my reviews
This review is from: No Direction Home [Bob Dylan] [DVD] (DVD)
This documentary is the material of legends. Directed by Martin Scorsese (Gangs of New York, Shutter Island), No Direction Home explores how Dylan's musical career took off back in his folk days... and the years when his fame blasted internationally, with memorable footage of public reactions when this amazing genius picked up an electric guitar. Relevant names from the music industry add their thoughts to Dylan's past, remisiscing on folk music and Dylan's major influences, e.g Woodie Guthrie, responsible for Dylan's early songs.
Bob Dylan himself provides musings and memories of the early 60s, which is the period of his career being scrutinized in this film. The directing is beautifully crafted, packed to the seams with touching music... I especially appreciated the Dylan performance footages of my favourite Dylan songs: Mr Tambourine Man, Blowing in the Wind and Desolation Row.
Dylan's quick-talk and intellect is apparent, and can allow us to understand how this incredible man has been labelled a prophet, protruding against other singers and song writers because, of course, he changed music as we know it. No Direction Home is definitely a must-have for any Bob Dylan follower!
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No Direction Home [Bob Dylan] [DVD] by Martin Scorsese (DVD - 2005)
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These are the places I will be appearing in my capacity as an author. This page will change as new dates are added (and also dropped as they slide into the past).
May 29 – 31: ConCarolonias, Charlotte, NC. Guest of Honor.
June 6: The Bay Area Book Festival, Berkeley, CA. Guest.
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If you are interested in having me speak to your organization, or wish to invite me to your convention or conference, please use this page for information on how to contact me.


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Sue Paterno to Appear on KATIE for First Interview Since Penn State Scandal
For the first time since the shocking sex abuse Scandal rockEd Penn State's football program, Sue Paterno sits down with Katie Couric for an exclusive interview that will broadcast on Couric's nationally Syndicated daytime talk show, "Katie." Couric visited the widow of former Penn State coach Joe Paterno at her home, and will host Mrs. Paterno in-studio for her first conversation since the Scandal broke and since she lost her beloved husband of 50 years. Joe Paterno passed away just two months after the Scandal was exposed, leaving behind his wife and family, and many unanswered questions about what he knew and did not know.
Mrs. Paterno will appear in an episode scheduled to air on Monday, February 11.
"Katie" is executive-produced by Katie Couric and Michael Morrison and is distributed by Disney-ABC Domestic Television. Co-executive producers are Kathy Samuels and Michael Bass and the program is directed by Joseph Terry.
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According to certain disclosed embodiments of the invention, there is provided a wind power management system to monitor performance of wind turbine generators situated in wind farms, each having a number of wind turbine generators. A real-time wind power portfolio manager receives and stores in real-time data being produced by the wind turbine generator parks. The manager has a reporting module for generating profile reports for the performance of the wind turbine generators. The manager has a server to provide the reports on-line regarding the wind turbine generators. The server stores the real-time data to enable the reports to be based on the history of the project for each one of the parks.
1. A wind power management system for monitoring, a group of wind turbine generator parks, comprising:
a plurality of SCADA systems each including a SCADA server for collecting wind turbine generator data in real time for each park and for calculating individual process data reports based thereon;
a real-time wind power portfolio manager for monitoring, controlling, maintaining, analyzing and benchmarking performances of wind turbines generators situated in wind parks in real time and on demand for the life of the projects;
said manager having a reporting module for generating profile reports for the performance of the wind turbine generators;
a portfolio manager server for providing said profile reports on-line regarding the wind turbine generators; and
said profile manager server for receiving and storing the real-time data and the individual process data reports from each SCADA server to enable said profile reports to be based on the history of the project for each one of the parks.
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using a plurality of SCADA systems each including a SCADA server for collecting wind turbine generator data in real time for each park and for calculating individual process data reports based thereon;
receiving and storing via a portfolio manager server in real time the real time data and the process data reports being produced by the SCADA systems;
receiving and storing third party data from third party sources via the portfolio manager server;
generating profile reports for the performance of the wind turbine generators based on the SCDA real-time data and process data reports and on the third party data;
providing said profile reports on-line regarding the wind turbine generators; and
utilizing via the portfolio manager server said real-time data and the individual process data reports from each SCADA server and utilizing via the portfolio manager server the third party data to enable said profile reports to be based on the history of the project for each one of the parks.
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a real-time portfolio manager for receiving and storing in real time data being produced by said wind turbine generator parks;
said manager having a reporting module for generating profile reports for the performance of the wind turbine generators;
a portfolio manager server for providing said profile reports on-line regarding the wind turbing generators; and
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26. A system according to
27. A system according to
28. A wind power managing method for monitoring a group of wind turbine generator parks of an enterprise, comprising:
hosting a wind power management system by a service company;
using a plurality of SCADA systems each including a SCADA server for collecting wind turbine generator data in real time for each park and for calculating individual process data reports based thereon;
receiving the real-time data and the individual process data reports being produced by the SCADA systems operated by the enterprise in real time for the life of the project via a profile manager;
storing the real-time data and the process data reports being produced by the SCADA systems at the service company site for the life of the project via the profile manager; and
wherein the stored real-time data and the process data reports enable profile reports to be generated via the profile manager based on the history of the project for each one of the parks.
The present invention relates in general to a wind power management system and method. It more particularly relates to a wind power portfolio management system and method to facilitate, monitoring, controlling, maintaining, analyzing and benchmarking the performance of wind power assets, from the component level in each turbine, to the performance of an individual wind park, and across an entire portfolio of wind assets.
Wind turbines have been used for the generation of electrical power. Due to fluctuations in meteorological activity, such as wind variations, as well as other operating variables, systems have been developed to help monitor and control the functioning of each wind turbine generator (WTG) for an installation (park or farm).
Such wind power parks or farms each have a number of wind turbine generators which are monitored and controlled in real time to efficiently manage their operation and monitor their performance. There have been attempts to forecast wind turbine generator power output, based upon meteorological prediction models for accurate scheduling in the power market and scheduling maintenance routines. Onsite real-time monitoring and control are done through SCADA (Supervisory, Control, and Data Acquisition) systems, the forecasting, wind turbine performance reporting and data analysis, benchmark data and downtime details are presently reported off-line. Such reports on a wind park are typically generated periodically, such as once a month based on 10-min average data.
These reports can then be used not only for repairs, maintenance, and warranty compliance, but also to predict future performance and production from the wind farm. Such information is also important when the wind energy produced is delivered to the power markets.
An operator or owner of a wind farm enterprise can have a number of wind parks and each wind park typically has multiple wind turbine generators on site, and in some cases the wind turbine generators on site may be made by different manufacturers. As a result, the owner must integrate various wind turbine technologies and information systems. The owner currently is reliant upon various information systems provided by the Wind Turbine Manufacturers or other third party applications. Thus, the owner is currently required to learn the operation of different SCADA systems and receive monthly or other periodic reports in different formats from each different wind park to manage the total wind power on a portfolio basis. These different SCADA systems and reports in different formats make it a difficult task for the owner or operators to compare and contrast the performances of each park.
The following is a brief description of the drawings:
According to certain disclosed embodiments of the invention, there is provided a Supervisory, Control and Data Acquisition System (the "SCADA") and method for monitoring and controlling a group of wind turbine generators ("WTGs"), related components and subsystems, and related balance of plant equipment (the "BOP"). The SCADA system acquires sub-second frequency data from all components, and subsystems within each WTG in the wind park. Additionally, the SCADA system acquires data from the BOP equipment at the wind park, which includes Meteorological Equipment ("MET"), Condition Based Monitoring Equipment ("CBM"), and data from the substation and utility grid through the substation logger or substation SCADA system ("SUB").
According to certain disclosed embodiments of the invention, there is provided a Real-Time Wind Power Portfolio Manager System ("RT-WPPM"). The RT-WPPM receives and stores real-time data from each wind park's SCADA system(s). The RT-WPPM polls each wind park, or the portfolio of wind parks, on a real-time basis to consolidate all operating data into a single system. The RT-WPPM stores the real-time SCADA data online for the entire life of each wind park asset. In addition to the SCADA data provided from each wind park, the RT-WPPM can access and acquire data from third party sources, such as power market pricing data, macro and micro-level weather data, and other power generation data. Additionally the RT-WPPM interfaces directly with third party applications such as Wind Power Product Forecasting and Computerized Maintenance Management Systems.
According to certain disclosed embodiments of the invention, there is provided a RT-WPPM which has a reporting module for generating reports for the operation, maintenance and performance of every component within the wind turbines, the wind turbines, the wind park, and the portfolio of wind park assets (the "Reporting and Data Analysis" or "RDA"). The end-user has a RDA client module that accesses the RT-WPPM Server to provide the reports on-line regarding the wind power assets
As disclosed herein, relating to other examples of the invention, the RT-WPPM includes interface to third-party Wind Power Production Forecasting ("WPPF") models and services. The WPPF module provides information to power marketers, power schedulers, and maintenance managers regarding the predicted output from individual WTGs, Wind Parks, or the portfolio of Wind Parks. The RT-WPPM Systems includes, according to a disclosed embodiment of the invention, a scheduling module for responding to the forecasting module to generate real-time power trading information.
According to the disclosed embodiment of the invention, the RT-WPPM and SCADA includes a interface to computerized maintenance management systems ("CMMS"). The CMMS System(s) are used as a work, inventory, and billing management system at each wind park.
The disclosed embodiment of the invention includes a financial module, which responds to the CMMS Application and to the power trading information for generating power generation financial information. The RT-WPPM also includes, according to an embodiment of the invention a benchmarking module responsive to the reporting module and to the financial module for generating comparison information of the production from the various wind turbine generators.
According to the system and method of the present invention as disclosed herein, wind parks are able to be controlled, regulated, monitored and managed in a real-time basis. With the system and method of the disclosed embodiments, access can be interactively provided to information concerning all aspects of the wind turbine generators and the wind park as a whole, both local or remote sites, independent of location. The system and method disclosed herein provide a complete real-time monitoring and control for wind parks to ensure effective and reliable operation of the wind park and integration of utility scale wind power projects.
In order to monitor wind parks, supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems have been employed for wind parks. The primary functions of the SCADA systems are data collection, communication and control of defined points within a wind park. The SCADA system responds to meteorological data, wind turbine generator (WTG) data and substation data. A conventional SCADA system requires utilization of turbine-specific interface drivers or collection of data from individual wind turbine generators.
Conventional centralized proprietary SCADA systems suffer from the shortcoming that there is difficulty in changing initial configurations. The functions, performance parameters and number of input/control points designed at the initial stage are fixed and not easily changed. If higher functions, higher performance and more input/control points are needed, a larger computer system than required at the initial stage, becomes necessary. Also, there is a difficulty with horizontal and vertical expansion. SCADA servers and work stations cannot be added without modifying the application software. Servers and work stations can not be upgraded without changing the application software.
Additionally, conventional SCADA systems are closed systems. In this regard, it is potentially problematic to connect a conventional SCADA system with devices from other suppliers or systems, because the operating system and interface are usually proprietary. Thus, compatibility may well be problematic for conventional SCADA systems.
The disclosed SCADA system is a Client/Server based system, and preferably utilizes a SCADA platform manufactured by Siemens, but other systems may also be employed as will become apparent to those skilled in the art. The embodiments of the system and method of the present invention as disclosed herein, relates to a distributed and open system employing industry standard technology. The disclosed system is independent from turbine vendors, and is a modular architecture. The disclosed system employs standard monitoring and control functions as well as standard logging, trending and reporting facilities. The disclosed system is a completely distributed and open system that eliminates the limitations of growth, closed and proprietary architectures. Thus, the end-user is—provided with flexibility, reliability and lower costs.
The disclosed system employs distributed client/server architecture. The disclosed system includes servers that manage data that need to be centralized, using optimized file and formats. Clients exchange data with servers for display with user-friendly interfaces. As disclosed herein, all communication between servers and clients are accomplished by following TCP/IP protocol. The disclosed system does not employ remote terminal units and communicating turbine monitors, which are relatively expensive and time consuming for repairs and replacements.
The disclosed system is OPC, and COM/DCOM compliant. The disclosed system includes a real-time data server, which can read/write data from or to external controllers through its device drives which are OPC compliant, making it an industry standard and open system. It can grant access to third party applications via COM/DCOM technology. As a result, all reports from the system disclosed herein can have standard formats. Additionally, the system disclosed herein has open data base connectivity (ODBC). Thus, the disclosed system permits total integration between SCADA data bases and any relational databases supporting the industry standard ODBC interface.
The disclosed system is not tied to a specific turbine vendor and has the ability to connect to any turbine controller. In this manner, the system and method of the present invention causes the reduction of the complexity of managing separate SCADA systems in the context of an operator's complete portfolio management. The disclosed system and method sustain additional communications from each turbine in case additional devices are added such as a logger, to read data for stress sensors on a blade.
The architecture of the disclosed embodiment of the invention is completely modular in configuration. The server modules manage centralized data using optimized files and formats, and the client modules exchange data with server modules for the displays and controls. The server modules include real-time data server (RTDS), plant data archive (PDA), alarm manager (AM), event manager (EM), report manager (RM), operation data logger (ODL), open database connectivity (ODBC) and hot backup configuration (HBC). The client modules each include a historian data display (HDD), alarm manager display (AMD), operation data display (ODD) and graphic user interface-run time (GUI-RT).
According to the disclosed embodiment of the invention, the system can monitor and control any point from a wind park local or remote. These points include an overview (park/substation summary, individual turbine kW, wind speed, status). Also, monitored is the individual turbine (accumulators, temperature, angles, electrical, status). Furthermore, temperatures of the gear box, generator, nacelle, and ambient. Pressure is also monitored for hydraulic, lubricant oil pressure and others. The yaw angle, meteorological information including wind, temperature and pressure, and the grid, including supply voltage, current, power, capacitors and other. Also monitored is the turbine control including start, stop and reset. YAW control (auto, manual, CW, CCW) is also monitored, as well as a capacitor (ON/OFF).
According to the disclosed system, the disclosed system and method relates to the logging, trending and reporting of Wind Park information. Such information includes active and historical alarm, filtering and sorting alarms, acknowledging alarms, operator's actions and responses logging, event trigger, predefined trending, on-demand trending and power curve.
According to the disclosed embodiment of the invention, the system and methods disclosed herein provide an improved utility integration through forecasting and scheduling. Real-time information is provided to facilitate power marketing and trading for the wind parks. The real-time generation of data tends to reduce the manufacturer's/warranty downtime penalties, and turbine performance feedback directly in real-time to the engineering service groups helps facilitate and maintain the system.
According to the disclosed method of the present invention, the disclosed system includes a SCADA system employing calculating applications for collecting filtering and storing the 10-minute process data into the RT-WPPM System's data base, the RDA module accesses data to process customized performance analysis reports for components, individual wind turbines, the wind park or the entire portfolio of wind parks for the enterprise. The output and performance information is scalable, and is available anywhere in the world, at any time, instantaneously for individual turbines, wind parks, or the entire portfolio of the enterprise. The information is available in real-time on a continuous basis and is not merely a periodic snapshot of data. Thus, the accuracy is greatly improved and data reconciliation and validation are available. Market information is consolidated for revenue optimization or at least improved revenue for at least some applications.
According to the disclosed system of the present invention, the CMMS Application is used to manage and control plant and equipment maintenance. The list of maintainable assets is controlled through an asset register. The counting of assets, purchase price, depreciation rates and others are also controls. Planned (preventive) maintenance routines are scheduled. Preventive maintenance procedures and documentation are controlled, as well as the issue and documentation of planned and unplanned maintenance work. The maintenance personnel database includes shift-work schedules are organized, and control testing is also provided. The module assists in operations and management of the project. Module provides maintenance budgeting and costing statistics, as well as control of the maintenance and tool inventory (management, requisition, purchasing, aging). The module also provides for process condition monitoring of inputs, and provides analysis tools for maintenance performance.
The system of the disclosed embodiment of the invention provides for the meantime between failures' analysis for spare parts inventory forecasting, and Reliability Centered Maintenance ("RCM") and Preventative Maintenance ("PM") strategy development. Also, as disclosed herein, there is provided benchmarking for the comparative performance analysis of the wind parks. Furthermore, the disclosed system includes scheduling and forecasting for real-time data feed into forecasting algorithms.
The disclosed system and method provides for the direct real-time communications with wind turbines, thereby eliminating CTM/RTU systems in each WTG, and thus resulting in improved system uptime and reduced cost. The disclosed system provides for secure, remote access to allow the system to be fully integrated into utility operations (forecasting, power, marketing, operations and others).
The disclosed system provides for comprehensive and flexible data acquisition, analysis and reporting functions, supporting various customers' requirements (owner, manufacturer, operator, power marketer, utilities (Transmission and Distribution). The disclosed system allows for portfolio data acquisition, analysis and reporting for multiple customer projects in multiple locations, with multiple WTG types, operated by various service providers. The system and method disclosed herein allows for multi-level and multi-user aspects to all aspects of the project. Integration with CMMS systems for complete wind park management and economic efficiency is provided. The disclosed system enables the coordination of reports from various different wind turbine generators, as well as the reports from the entire wind park or the entire portfolio of wind parks. Also, the past performance data for the various wind parks is made available, independent of the manufacturer of the turbine generators.
Referring now to the drawings, and more particularly to
A real-time wind power portfolio manager 18 receives and stores in real-time data being produced by the wind turbine generator parks such as the parks 12 and 14. The portfolio manager 18 includes a server 21, which is preferably a server marketed by OSI Software, Inc., having a place of business at 777 Davis Street, Suite 250, San Leandro, Calif. 94577, under the trademark "PI SYSTEM". The server 21 builds a real-time enterprise by providing a real-time information infrastructure. Data is acquired from the wind parks, and routed, processed and displayed simultaneously on client computers such as desktop personal computers, laptops and personal digital assistants anyplace throughout the enterprise and even worldwide is hereinafter described in greater detail.
The information can be stored for long periods of time, if not indefinitely, and remains accessible at its original time resolution for automated reporting, trending and analysis to provide insight to the performance of the wind park.
Decisions can be made in real-time using real-time information to improve accuracy, and thus help make better decisions. The server can alert personnel when conditions exceed acceptable parameters to afford the opportunity to take corrective action well before the condition leads to costly downtime.
The system 10 includes a Condition Based Monitoring unit 23 which monitors the vibration and condition of the major WTG components. The CBM Unit can be interfaced to the SCADA system or the RT-WPPM System. The unit 23 can determine whether or not the turbine generators are vibrating beyond normal limits, as well as make other important determinations. The unit 23 may employ a system marketed by Schenick Trebel Corp., under the trade name "VIBRO-IC". The system learns in 40 classes of wind speed the "normal power" and creates a tolerance band. After finishing the learn mode, the unit 23 will detect and alarm whenever the power is not inside the tolerance for a given wind speed for the wind parks 12 and 14. Additionally, the unit 23 learns in 5 classes of power the "normal vibration" and creates tolerance bands. After finishing the learned mode, the unit 23 will detect an alarm whenever the vibration values are outside the tolerance for a given power class.
The system further includes a wind turbine generator parameters input 25 which supplies wind turbine generator data from the wind parks such as the parks 12 and 14, to the SCADA server 16. A meteorological data input 27 supplies meteorological data to the SCADA server 16 to help make predictions as to the production of the wind parks.
A substation 29 provides power utility system and power generation information to the SCADA server 16 for the purpose of providing real-time scheduling and utility integration. The substation 25 which feeds the power generation grid, receives the System Operator (Transmission and Distribution) information from Independent System Operators such as the California Independent System Operator (CAISO) or Bonneville Power Administration (BPA). The system operators provide technical power requirements for delivery of power from the wind park to the utility grid.
A weather data interface 36 provides real-time meteorological information directly to the server 21 of the real-time portfolio manager 18. The meteorological information is received from the wind park onsite meteorological equipment, as well as off-site weather data sources 38 providing such information to both the interface 36 and the meteorological input 27 to the SCADA servers 16.
The real-time portfolio manager 18 includes a reporting module 40 for generating reports for the performance of the wind turbine generators such as the generator 15. The RT-WPPM server 21 provides the reports on-line regarding the wind turbine generators, and stores real-time data to enable the reports to be based on the history of the project for each one of the wind parks such as the parks 12 and 14.
The real-time portfolio manager 18 further includes a forecasting module 41 which responds to the stored meteorological information to predict the output of the wind turbine generators such as the generator 15. The RT-WPPM 18 further includes a scheduling module 43, which responds to the forecasting module to generate real-time power scheduling information. This information is utilized for power trading with the independent system operators as indicated at 32 for power brokering for the wind parks, such as the parks 12 and 14 of the enterprise.
The real-time portfolio manager 18 further includes an interface to CMMS Application module 45 for generating expected preventative maintenance downtime information regarding the wind turbine generators such as the generator 15, and for supplying the expected downtime information to the forecasting module 41. A financial module 47 of the real-time portfolio manager 18 responds to the computerized maintenance management module 45 and to the power trading information. Such financial programs are available from a variety of vendors such as J. D. Edwards, PeopleSoft, as well as SAP.
The forecasting module 41 is available from various suppliers such as from 3Tier Environmental Group, LLC and TrueWind Solutions, LLC. The information provided includes hourly wind speed, direction, and plant output forecasts. Data is collected from the wind park sites in near real-time to provide a statistical model to provide forecasts. The statistical model "learns" with experience, with the result that the forecast accuracy improves steadily over time. The forecasting module 41 and the scheduling module 43 can be alternatively replaced with a real-time on-line service for both the forecasting and scheduling functions.
The computerized maintenance management system module 45 tracks the profile of the wind turbine generators to determine their efficiency and can determine which ones are working improperly such as by comparing the information received from the CBM unit 23. Thus, performance can be improved by predicting equipment such as gearboxes which may fail in the near future. This is important especially when the failure might occur during a windy season to cause unwanted downtimes. There are several such systems available, such as from Cayenta/Mainsaver, as well as from MRO/Maximo Systems and others.
The real-time wind power portfolio manager 18 further includes a benchmarking module 49, which responds to the reporting module 40 and to the financial module 47 for generating comparison information of the operational and financial performance from the wind park 12. The benchmarking module 49 compares the performance of the wind turbine generators operating under similar conditions, and if differences are detected, then there may be suspected problems arising. Thus, such information can be used for identifying areas of concern, or areas of high performance. The owner or operator of the wind parks can then determine if their wind assets are is not as efficient or effectively operated as other wind assets. Benchmarking Services is available from Salomon Associates, having a place of business at 13455 Noel Road, Suite 1500, Dallas, Tex. 75340.
The forecasting module 41 is done on a real-time, on-line basis. Thus, the forecasting is more accurate since it is constantly being updated and changed. The scheduling module 43 analyzes the forecast to avoid imbalance penalties imposed by the independent systems operators.
Referring now to
The service company 54 communicates with the enterprise 52 over the wide area network or the internet in a secure manner using a fire wall 56 for company 54 and using a fire wall 58 for the wind power enterprise 52. Routers such as router 61 enables the SCADA servers such as the SCADA server 63 for the wind park 14 to communicate over the network with the profile manager 18. In this regard, the wind park 14 may be a remotely located park such as located in another state or country and yet be able to communicate in a real-time on-line basis. Whereas, the wind park 12 has indicated to have a SCADA server 65 which is connected directly to an ethernet local area network 7 of the enterprise 52, since the wind park 12 is located in proximity to the operations center of the enterprise 52. The ether net local area 67 is coupled to the firewall 58 to permit communication of the enterprise devices and the real time profile manager 18 which may be remotely located relative to the enterprise 52.
A group of fat client computers such as the fat client 69 may be used to observe the operation of the wind parks such as the wind park 12. Also, a number of lien clients such as a lien client 72 utilized by a service technician can also access information regarding the SCADA Server 65 as well as any other SCADA servers either locally connected to the ethernet 67 or remotely located by communicating via the wide area network or the internet, since the client computers can access the system 10 from anywhere in the world. Thus, the service company 54 has a common server 21 for receiving and storing all of the information for the wind parks for the entire enterprise 52, no matter where the parks are located, and the client computers can access the information in real-time worldwide.
An ethernet local area network 74 is coupled between the network 67 and the firewall 58 and enables a group of fat clients such as a fat client 76 to also communicate with the server 21 of the profile manager 18. A lien client 78 is connected to the fat client 76 and may be used by a service technician as well. A SCADA foundation server 81 is connected to the ether net local area network 74 to help maintain the various SCADA servers such as a SCADA server 63 and 65 for coordination purposes. A lean client 83 is connected to the foundation server 81 for use by the owner or manager of the enterprise 52.
Also, as indicated in
3. Schenck VIBRO-IC Condition Based Monitoring (CBM) Equipment
The system 10 is integrating the VIBRO-IC hardware with the SIMATIC-IT SCADA and RT-WPPM Applications. However, other implementations may be possible as will become apparent to those skilled in the art.
4. Forecasting & Scheduling
Through the RT-WPPM Client applications, the system 10 provides any Scheduling Coordinator with Forecast information from individual projects, or portfolio scheduling, encompassing various wind regimes.
5. Supervisory Control & Data Acquisition (SCADA)
The system is preferably configured a Siemens-based SIMATIC-IT Historian SCADA system for wind power applications. Additionally, the structure of the system 10 allows for the acquisition of data on sub-second frequencies from the wind-turbines, real-time communications between the SCADA servers 16 and the server 20 of the manager 18. This allows for improved automation for applications such as the CMMS module 45 and the forecasting module 41, as well as better real-time decision-making capabilities for both the operator and the owner/asset manager.
The Service Provider provides a wide range of wind power information services, not just a software/SCADA reseller. The Service Provider provides full turnkey services related to the specification, design, installation, service, and post-installation customization. The full service includes network planning; budgeting; installation and licensing; database, displays and system configuration, drawings and manuals, system installation tests, system acceptance tests, customer training, and post installation support.
6. Monitoring
Device Support
The primary functions of the system 10 SCADA application are data acquisition/collection, communication and control of defined points within a wind farm. These principal components are comprised of meteorological, substation wind turbine generator (WTG), and condition based monitoring (CBM) data. The system utilizes direct communication with WTG controllers (not shown) through turbine-specific interface drivers (not shown) for collection of data from individual WTGs.
Each on-site SCADA server can be configured to monitor and control up to 50,000 data points and each point can be associated with a device.
The system 10 can service projects which are subjected to extreme weather conditions ranging from very cold temperatures (e.g., wind chill temperatures to −40 degree F.) to very hot temperatures (e.g., +115 degree F.).
7. Graphic Overview (Front Screen)
Referring now to
The scan time is variable depending on the number of points per device, the communication network connectivity, and baud rate. The SCADA servers 16 are able to scan at a rate of sub-second to one minute. Turbine points are typically scanned at a 1 second rate but are configurable down to � second scan frequency, and logger points are scanned at 1-2 second rates. With proper configuration, all devices within a wind farm can be scanned for status information in less than 1 minute between scans. The RT-WPPM application is currently configured to scan each SCADA server on a 4-second frequency. The RT-WPPM scan rate is configurable.
Normally, the zoom in/out facility is required to see more detailed information about a specific part or equipment of a wind farm. This facility is provided by clicking on the various buttons associated with each device/equipment in the overview page, which include:
This functionality is provided through the 'COMPARE' feature of the SCADA system. Parameters can be compared, and include, for example, wind speed, power, temperature, pressure and others, for all the turbines in a GROUP/PARK in a comparison summary display. This chart very clearly singles out the turbine (or turbines) from the group, thereby indicating potential problems and the need for further attention.
Sample comparison summary are shown in
9. Substation Detail
The SCADA system uses a Graphic User Interface (GUI), which is an object-oriented package that allows for the creation of graphical displays containing objects, single line diagrams, values and text that can be either static or dynamic. These displays, as shown in
10. Turbine Detail
For specific turbine detail information, the user can click on individual turbines from the overview screen. As discussed above, the Turbine Detail point sample rate is configurable down to � second scan-rate. The Turbine Detail screen, as configured, provides a detailed display of all points made available by the WTG manufacturer's controller. Additional turbine equipment, such as after-market Condition Based Monitoring equipment, can be displayed within the Turbine Detail Screen. In addition to the values presented, the Turbine Detail Screen is configured to support real-time trending of 8 points within the turbine such as the turbine generator 15. The screen shown in
11. Met Detail
As shown in
12. Basic Control Functions
As shown in
In the disclosed configuration, the turbines are grouped in terms of 'ROW' and 'PARK'. Control Displays can be generated to control the groups of turbines. The log reports can be generated by individual turbine or a grouping of turbines. There is START/STOP button for each group of turbines or a single turbine such as the turbine generator 15 in the control display.
As to availability, the SCADA system allows the user to allocate downtime when stopping a turbine. The display shown in
As to alarm and trigger functions, the Alarm Database is user-selectable within the SCADA application (from the Overview Screen), and can be configured to have up to 30,000 user defined alarms. The Alarm Database tracks both active and cleared/historical alarms.
The current configuration is set up to have 5 different priority levels (with color coding scheme). The alarms can be filtered by turbine, by fault, by priority, by date, or any combination thereof. The user has the ability to save the historical alarms to a text file or send the alarms to a printer.
As indicated in
13. Automated Wind Sector Management (AWSM)
The AWSM functionality is provided by the AUTOPILOT module on the SCADAServer.
Autopilot recognizes a column wind situation and shuts down turbines as defined in a configuration file. The wind direction is read at a user-specified met station. Cut-in wind-speed is also user-specified to eliminate downtime during nonproduction winds. Whenever a shutdown occurs due to Column Wind issues, the SCADA-Server logs the downtime, and assigns it to the appropriate category.
Use of AUTOPILOT requires that the turbine rows are aligned in the same direction (linear-layout), as all parameters apply to all turbines in the definition file. However, Columnar Wind Shutdown is primarily an issue for linear-layout wind farms, not widely dispersed layouts.
14. Automated Power Management (APM)
In addition to Column Wind Shutdown, the APM functionality is also provided by the AUTOPILOT function in the SCADA-Server. It will shut-down turbines after a user-defined maximum rate of production has been exceeded for a configurable amount of time (seconds). This function is used to respond to a utility's requirement to limit the power output to X MW for a specific time period.
15. Plant Configuration Data
Referring now to
As to the user specified capability to specify the serial numbers, manufacture, and install date, and to have the system 10 automatically calculate the accumulated values, can be configured in either the SCADA or the RT-WPPM applications.
Regarding plant data, the SCADA system automatically assigns downtime for known conditions, such as High Wind, Column Wind, and Manufacturer. Additionally, if a user stops a turbine they have to choose a downtime category. The downtime assignment is used to populate the database. If necessary the initial assignment can also be edited. The RT-WPPM has the capability to record budgeted wind speeds and production for comparison with actual.
16. Data Collection
The SCADA Real-time Database (RTDS) records all points of data from the wind farm at configurable frequencies as low as � second. In addition to capturing the Turbine Controller raw and calculated values, the RTDS Database also calculates and stores the 1 Minute and 10 Minute Average values.
The SCADA RTDS buffer is configurable to store 7 days of data, based on physical requirements (disk space). The SCADA RTDS writes data to the SCADA Process Database (PDB) for long-term historian functionality, and can be configured to store 10 online archives of data. These archives can be configured to handle the life-of-project, dependent upon disk space and archival strategies. The SCADA RTDS and PDB reside on the same physical fully redundant server, eliminating communication downtime risk between the two databases.
Every 4-seconds, the RT-WPPM Server queries the SCADA RTDS. The sub-second, 1 minute, and 10 minute data are also stored for the life of the project in our RT-WPPM, which is complaint with OPC/ODBC standards. MS Access and SQL can interface directly (read/write) with the RT-WPPM Server via ODBC interface.
The communications link between the RT-WPPM Server and the Wind Plant SCADA Server is typically a WAN or VPN connection using OPC driver interface.
Data is stored in all data bases with date/time fields in various formats. The date and time format is configurable to the standard USA format (mm/dd/yyyy hh:mm).
The SCADA system interfaces with the data logger for all meteorological tower data. The type of data includes average wind speed, wind speed average standard deviation, direction, temperature, pressure, etc.
The SCADA-RTDS monitors and stores the Substation data as agreed upon between purchaser and vendor. The data set includes all three phase voltages, currents, active and reactive power, export and import. An example of the Substation data display is shown in FIG. 6.
All Turbine faults and subsequent fault clearing events are recorded with time stamps as they occur. They are normally displayed as alarms on the Alarm Manager Display (AMD).
Data are stored as Engineering Values. There is no need to do any conversion before using them.
The SCADA database can be archived in the configurable set of data archives, which is known as PDA archives. These archives can be backed up as and when necessary.
In the event of communications errors or downtime on the wind plant network, the data loggers at the met and substation are capable of storing at least one week of data buffering. Once communications are restored, the SCADA-RTDS "recovers" the data from the controller/loggers. In the event of serious network outage, data can be manually collected from the loggers and integrated into the project data.
In the event of communications errors or dropped internet connection between the wind park SCADA servers 16 and the RT-WPPM 18, the SCADA-RTDS is capable of buffering 7 days of data. Additional data integrity is provided by the SCADA-PDB, which can store life-of-project data archives. When the connection is regained, the RT-WPPM automatically recovers the data from the SCADA-RTDS. If the connection is down for more than seven days, then SCADA-PDB data can be exported to the PI-RTPM.
Both the SCADA system and the RT-WPPM are capable of providing data to permitted 3rd parties such as Forecasting and Scheduling Services. The SCADA Server can write 10 min and 1 minute data to a permitted 'FTP' location. Additionally, the system 10 may direct read/write interfaces to the forecasting module 41 through our server 21.
In the disclosed embodiment, the SCADA Real-time Data Server is fully OPC compliant.
In considering various network configurations for the disclosed embodiments of the invention with reference to
By hiring the service company 54 as a service provider, the wind power enterprise 52 does not have the up-front capital expense, maintenance and management costs, nor the ongoing system upgrades and other related costs. By hiring the service company 54, the enterprise 52 costs are fixed to a monthly service contract fee.
All hardware/software licensing, warranty, maintenance, and operational issues are managed by the service company 54, as are software and hardware integration issues, server maintenance, etc.
In this outsource model, the enterprise 52 concentrates on its core business of owning and operating wind farms, not Wind Power Information Technology. The Service Company 54 provides user with the data, the analysis, and the reporting functionalities directly, over the web, anytime and anywhere.
17. SCADA Reports (Operations Reports)
The functionality in the Operations Reports is available through the RT-WPPM client tools. Current sample reports are shown in
In addition to data-point selection, through the Reporting Module, the end-user can configure reports for any date or range, and can sort by user-defined groups. Additionally, the Reporting Module allows the end-user to run comparative-reports between different projects, service groups, turbines, components locations, etc. Alternatively, portfolio/fleet wide reporting is also available.
To provide Management Services, the system 10 provides full utilization of the RT-WPPM Reporting Modules, the system 10 currently configures the server 21 located off-site in a centralized facility, with OPC connections to each SCADA server located at each wind park.
18. Database
The RT-WPPM Server 18 automatically polls data every four seconds from each SCADA RTDS database. Buffering within the SCADA RTDS is included in the event of a loss of communications between the SCADA servers 16 and the RT-WPPM Server 18.
The RT-WPPM System handles multiple wind parks and multiple SCADA servers in a single database.
The RT-WPPM System is ODBC/OLEDB compliant. This allows for transfers to SQL Servers and other ODBC compliant databases. Thus, the format of the reports remains consistent, independent of the SCADA systems and the manufacturers of the wind turbine generators.
The data for any period can be transferred to a .csv, or even to an MS EXCEL spreadsheet through the RT-WPPM Client [application.
The RT-WPPM has the ability to automatically export the data in a predefined format( ) for export to a master database.
Using the Scheduled Tasks the data can automatically be backed-up to a specified media.
19. Data Editing
As indicated in
Current configuration uses 6 downtime categories with the ability to narrow each category more specifically.
All unavailable periods have a corresponding field that enables the user to enter a failure or repair code.
Turbine and meteorological data can be included, and may be used to fill in critical data when a device fails.
The RT-WPPM Data Base maintains a copy of the original record and marks all edited data with a tag. The original record allows for auditing and restoration of the original value.
20. Grouping
Through the server 21 Reporting Module, the user can select any combination of groups to conduct reporting and data analysis functions. For comparative analysis purposes, this capability is highly useful. Sample groupings include: Project(s), Turbine Type(s), and Gearbox Type(s).
21. Reports
The system 10 provides on-line reporting capabilities through the RT-WPPM RDA Module 18. This environment allows the user to report on standard pre-defined reports or export the data to Excel for customized reports. All of the reports support user defined date ranges and provide a standard for multiple project comparison.
Currently, the preferred standard reports include Warranty Detail, Production Detail, Meteorological and Substation Detail, Fault Detail, and Power Curves. See, for example, the report shown in
22. Power Curves
The RT-WPPM 18 provides the capability to produce binned and scatter plot power curves for individual turbines or projects. Through the export capability the user can create customized power curves that correct for array losses and other variables as shown in
23. Data Viewing
The RT-WPPM Client Tools allow the user to view and easily transfer data to Excel and other standard formats. All of the data collected within the RT-WPPM database, at the 4 second frequency, is available and online. The RT-WPPM system has sophisticated data compression and retrieval-algorithms that allow for rapid retrieval of long-periods of data.
24. Remote Access
The wind farm SCADA servers and the RT-WPPM server 21 are available through standard TCP/IP connections. For offsite SCADA Client access direct to the SCADA servers, a secure VPN connection over the internet is made. The SCADA servers have multi-user and multi-level security protection, for various users of the SCADA Client software. For the SCADA System, hardware keys are not required for Lean Client Access. The SCADA Server and FAT Clients are hardware key protected.
For access to the Server 21, there are multiple options. Presently, the RT-WPPM server 21 is configured to receive VPN connections from RT-WPPM Client applications, such as the OSISoft PI System ProcessBook and DataLink. Additionally, the RT-WPPM server 21 supports multiple format connectivity to standard Enterprise Data Systems or other database systems (including, but not limited to, OPC, ODBC, PI-to-PI, and others). The RT-WPPM Server itself assigns point-level security, allowing for multi-user and multi-level security within the database. The Client Applications do not require hardware keys.
If desired, the RT-WPPM server can be accessed through standard web browser interface.
In addition to direct access to the RT-WPPM server 21, export data is accessible with security protected methods, using secure FTP or drive mapping.
25. Computer Hardware
All system hardware of the system 10 meets or exceeds current user Standards. Current preferred configurations utilize Windows 2000/NT Servers and Workstations, using 10/100baseT Ethernet, TCP/IP, DLT Tape-drive backup, 18 to 21 monitors, and ARCServe tape back-up software. Alternate backup systems are easily configurable. The SCADA and RT-WPPM Servers may be typically configured in full hot back-up, with built-in redundancy, and standard UPS systems providing 60+ minutes of uninterrupted power. Other implementations may be employed as will become apparent to those skilled in this art.
Data storage using the SCADA PDB can manage 10 online archives, which can be configured to handle life-of-project archive data, only limited by the function of hard disk space, number of points, and frequency of scans. The RT-WPPM server 21 is designed to store life-of-project(s) online (up to 1 million points per RT-WPPM server).
In rare cases where the SCADA server cannot be directly connected to the Internet, dial-up/modem connectivity is an option. For example, the system 10 can be configured with a microwave connection from the SCADA Network to a high-speed Internet connection.
At this time, wireless internet connectivity protocols may be possible, but are not preferred. The system 10 preferably uses hard-wiring employing Fiber-Optic networks for the wind farm LAN.
26. Field Equipment
The system 10 uses standard domestic equipment for meteorological and substation monitoring. Spare parts are provided in accordance with service agreements.
27. Definition of Reporting Elements
User's definition of reporting elements can be easily programmed into the SCADA and RT-WPPM systems. The SCADA and RT-WPPM systems can be re-configured for new calculation methods. Additionally, the RT-WPPM application is suited for running scenario analyses using different computational methods (e.g., lookup tables versus regression).
In addition to the defined reporting elements, the RT-WPPM server 21 allows for importing time-stamped Market/Pricing data. Although wind projects typically sell power under a fixed price long-term PPA, there are occasions where time-of-day or seasonal pricing is used. The RT-WPPM server (e.g., PI) structure allows for calculations such as "In Market Availability" and "Revenue Optimization Factors" that not only measure performance when the wind blows, but also when the market is in peak/off-peak periods and corresponding economic value.
28. RDA Modular Design
Referring now to
The Historical modules are found in a "History" subdirectory directly beneath the main RDA system.
29. RDA Modules Overview
SCADA Data: \\SCADA\Database\calc.mdb
This module is produced by the SCADA program "Operator MT", and is not really a part of the RDA system. It contains only Microsoft Access data tables, and provides the primary source of ten-minute and error history used by the RDA system.
Common Library: RDA/Common.mdb
This module contains subroutines used by other modules. It is referenced by each module, thus making these routines universally available.
Configuration: RDA/Con FIG.mdb
This module contains the master tables used to configure the wind farm, in addition to the forms and subroutines necessary to alter and install this configuration. These tables are linked to by the other modules as needed.
Acquisition: RDA/Acquire.mdb
The acquisition module acquires ten-minute and error data from the SCADA database (calc.mdb) and using appends this data to the Data module tables. Some conversion takes place in this process in order to put the data in a more editable and reportable form. In addition, once the data is acquired successfully, the older data still remaining in the SCADA database tables is deleted.
The acquisition module has two operating modes built in, manual and auto.
The manual mode is activated by simply opening the database and allows the operator to force the immediate collection of data from the SCADA database.
The auto mode is invoked by opening the database with the additional command line option/cmd AUTO. This has the effect of forcing the collection of data and stopping the display of on screen error messages. Any errors encountered are logged into the zLogError table in the Configuration module and are available for later viewing.
Editing RDA/Editing.mdb
This module is used for the editing of the data in the Data module prior the printing of daily reports. The editing currently required is the assignment of downtimes (used to monitor turbine and farm maintenance performance) and filling of missing or erroneous wind-speeds (used to calculate expected energy). The instructions for this process are located on the network in a document called "Editing Instruction.doc".
This process will be increasingly automated as time permits.
Reporting RDA\Reporting.mdb
The reporting module produces daily and monthly reports on the performance of individual turbines' measurements from both the substation and meteorological stations.
Part of the process of reporting daily and monthly reports involves the updating of daily and monthly tables with values calculated from the ten-minute tables. If corrections are made to the ten-minute tables, the calculation should be performed again to assure the accuracy of the longer-term tables.
Also available are Power Curve Reports, which display measured performance characteristics of a selected turbine or the entire project in graphical and tabular form over the time-period selected by the user.
Archiving RDA\Archive.mdb
This module collects data from the Current Data module that pertaining to a given operator supplied month and moves it to a "Historical" module.
Current Data RDA\Data.mdb
This module contains only tables of data (no code, queries, forms or reports). The data has been separated from the remainder of the modules to allow speedy transfer of information between sites as needed.
Historical RDA\History\Data yymm.mdb
This module is structurally identical to a "Data" module, however they are stored in a subdirectory of the other ERAM system and named according to the year and month of the data contained in each.
30. Naming Conventions
Some tables begin with the letter x or z. These are used to signify
Most of the queries used by the RDA modules are temporary constructs. They are run using the SglExec( ) function in the common module. Usually a new query can be constructed using the normal MS Access query builder, and then the text is grabbed out of the SQL mode. The SQL text is then broken down into a group of strings with variables substituted for anything that may need to vary. The result is a function that accept some number of variables and constructs a query SQL corresponding to the requested variable values.
The result string from one of these constructors can be passed to the SglExec function and executed on the spot. (See the naming conventions table for naming conventions used.)
32. Task Logging
Task logging operates upon the "zTaskLog" table in the Data module. Using two functions in the appDefinitions Module (Common.mdb), task logging and task log look ups are easily available.
The optional beforeDate parameter further limits the results of the look up to date/times before the given value. If omitted the entire available task list is used.
33. Error Logging
"zErrorLog" table in the Configuration module.
34. Hard Queries
Most queries are executed directly from the SQL generated from the SQL constructor using the SqlExec function in the Common module. However, some queries are kept defined on a long-term basis, for the sake of speed, or because they are frequently referenced or part of a form.
These queries are referred to in the RDA documentation as "Hard Queries". The following table lists the most frequently used.
Most of the modules contain a code module called 1XPMTL (Shorthand for Experimental, the 1 in front is to put the module at the top of the module list sorted by name). This code module is used for test routines. The button bar at the right hand side of the display will also have two buttons related to this module, the first runs the routine called Test. The second opens the module for editing. These functions are merely development conveniences.
36. Acquisition Module
Briefly, the acquisition module appends data from the six basic tables produced by the SCADA system into the four basic RDA tables. The three ten-minute tables are each appended to their own corresponding RDA tables. The three error tables are all appended to 10MinErrors.
In this process, the circuit ID and the items ID are converted via the appropriate asset query to a system an ID (simply called ID in the tables). This ID is then used by all the remaining ERAM functions.
This translation process is to maintain compatibility with a PMC style Asset/Resource tracking database. Also to insure the ability to link system sites via a WAN (Wide Area Network), each asset (i.e. Turbine, Met Station, and Substation (metered circuit with a breaker)) is given a unique ID. (Long Integer)
The automatic editing function (AutoEdit) is invoked by the Acquire module each day after the last acquisition. It performs the following functions (Based upon the date of the most recent data acquisition.)
1) Compute Aggregates
2) Fill 10 Minute Records—Fill in any missing SCADA records (time slots) and sets the SData field false.
3) Fill Missing Wind Speeds
Checks for records that meet any one of the following conditions:
4) Best Met Data—Update the 10MinAll table with the best temperature and pressure data available.
5) Mark Faults—Searches the fault list for any status flags indicating a genuine fault (as opposed to a normal low wind shut down.) Any status flag marked as "fault" in the "xStatusFlags" table is considered a genuine fault.
6) Searches the 10 minute Wtg records for:
Adds a new record to the 10MinError table for each item found, that is not already part of an existing error.
7) Reconciles existing faults with all known ten-minute faults.
As shown in
SWPR Admin PS_Computer\SWPR\SWRP_Admin.
As shown in
SWPR User PS_Computer\SWPR\SWRP_User.
As shown in
Export Process
As shown in
38. Stages of Implementation
The implementation process proceeds as follows:
1. Ensure all sites are running the same version of RDA
2. Creation of SWPR Current Data, Archive Data, Yearly Data
3. Creation and Verification of Export Data Process
4. Creation of SWPR Admin App
5. Identification of User report requirements
6. Creation of SWPR User App
SWPR Data: Detailed Table Descriptions are in the File: SWRP Table Descriptions.doc
As shown in
Current Data: PS_Computer\SWPR\***\***_Data.mdb
Archive Data: PS_Computer\SWPR\***\***_Arch.mdb
Yearly Data: PS_Computer\SWPR\***\***_Year.mdb
Current Data PS_Computer\SWPR\CN1\CN1_Data.mdb
As shown in
Archive Data PS_Computer\SWPR\CN1\CN1_Arch.mdb
As shown in
Yearly Data PS_Computer\SWPR\CN1\CN1_Year.mdb
As shown in
SWPR Amin PS_Computer\SWPR\SWRP_Admin.
Referring now to
SWPR User PS_Computer\XSWPR\SWRP_User.
Referring now to
While certain embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed, it is to be understood that various different modifications are possible and are contemplated within the true spirit and scope of the appended claims. There is no intention, therefore, of limitations to the exact abstract or disclosure herein presented.
Patent Citations
Referenced by
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text:
Aéropostale Sales Lead Interview Questions
Interview Experience
Interview Experience
Getting an Interview
Getting an Interview
Interview Difficulty
Interviews for Top Jobs at Aéropostale
- Sales Associate (122)
- Sales Associate/Cashier (25)
- Assistant Manager (19)
- Store Manager (10)
- Sales Lead (8)
- Role Model (4)
- Retail Sales Associate (3)
- Seasonal Sales Associate (3)
- Sales (2)
- Assistant Store Manager (2)
- Merch Flow Associate (2)
- Aero Ambassador (2)
- Assistant Merch Flow Manager (1)
- Sales Associate/Ambassador (1)
- Part-Time Employee (1)
- Merchandise Flow Associate (1)
- Merch Flow (1)
- Sales Associate/Cash Wrap Specialist (1)
- Model/Sales (1)
- Cash Wrap Specialist (1)
- Sales Associate/Cashieres (1)
- Merchandising Manager (1)
- Design Intern (1)
- Assistant Merchandiser (1)
- Associate Manager (1)
- Associate Merchandise Planner (1)
- Stock Manager (1)
- Visual Merchandising Manager (1)
- Cashier (1)
- Merchandiser (1)
8 Candidate Interview Reviews Back to all InterviewsSort: Popular Date Difficulty
Sales Lead Interview
I applied through a recruiter. The process took 1 day – interviewed at Aéropostale (Katy, TX) in December 2012.
I started as a sales associate and my store manager noticed how well I was working and asked me if I was interested in a higher position. She set up my interview with the district manager. I had the interview with the district manager one week after my store manager mentioned the position to me. The interview considered of some questions regarding the position, such as responsibilities and description of the job. We walked around the mall to some of the competitors stores and reviewed their window marketing and discussed how effective it was. She told me that she would contact me later to let me know if I got the job.
Interview Questions
- What do you know about this position? (duties) 1 Answer
The district manager contacted me through the phone and made the offer to me. I accepted and started training within a week.
Other Interview Reviews for Aéropostale
Helpful (1)
Sales Lead InterviewAccepted OfferPositive ExperienceEasy Interview
I applied through an employee referral. The process took 2 weeks – interviewed at Aéropostale (Miami, FL) in October 2012.
Dress "Aero Cool" so buy a cute outfit from them before. smile a lot and be fun.
Interview Questions
- What do you like most about Aeropostale? 1 Answer
Helpful (1)
Sales Lead InterviewAccepted OfferPositive ExperienceEasy Interview
I applied online. The process took 4+ weeks – interviewed at Aéropostale in February 2012.
applied for the job online, was contacted within a week. Another week later, I was sitting in my interview with the S.M. of the store i worked at. She liked me and even said she wanted me for the position, but it still took another 2 weeks for a job offer, but at the time my DM didn't have her stuff together.
Interview Questions
- can't remember Answer Question
I negotiated on salary, make sure you factor in your commute and what it will cost you in the long run and make sure you're covered on what you need.
Helpful (1)
Sales Lead InterviewAccepted OfferPositive ExperienceEasy Interview
I applied in-person. The process took 1 day – interviewed at Aéropostale (Jacksonville, FL) in February 2012.
I first applied with Aeropostale back in the summer of 2008. The position was for Sales Associate. The interview was very informal, it basically consisted of me speaking to the store manager at the front of the store. He asked me simple questions such as, "Have you had a job before?" & "When could you start?" I knew someone who was currently working at the store and she had already talked to the store manager about me so that could be why it was so simple. I was given the job.
In May of 2011 I was asked if I was interested in stepping up in the Sales Lead role (which is management). My "interview" for that consisted of the District Manager coming to the store and talked to me about the position and such. I was offered the position and accepted. It was a temporary position while we had an Assistant Manager out on maternity leave. The position lasted four months and then I stepped back down to Sales Associate. In February of 2012, I was offered a permanent promotion back to Sales Lead. There was no interview considering that I had already been in the position before. I am currently still in the position.
The job market has limited my ability to find a job within my college degree so I have been fortunate to continue with Aeropostale. I am currently trying to work my way up to Assistant Manager which is a full time position.
Interview Questions
- Are you committed to Aeropostale's future? 1 Answer
I didn't negotiate for either position. For Sales Associate, I was just glad to get a job so I readily accepted the salary which was minimum wage. For Sales Lead, again I accepted the offer as it was quite generous.
Sales Lead InterviewAccepted OfferPositive ExperienceEasy Interview
The process took 1+ week – interviewed at Aéropostale (Trumbull, CT) in October 2010.
My initial communications with the company was the dictrict manager reqruiting me at my at the time current store. I was in a sales lead role with another company and she offered me an interview for Aeropostale the same position. I interviewed with the District Manager in which agreed to let me interview with Trumbull store manager. I interviewed in 15 minutes with the store manager and told him my availabilty. Within 3 days I was called and offered the postion for more pay than my current job. I started 2 weeks after that and started training on black friday.
Interview Questions
- Why Aeropostale? Answer Question
Sales Lead InterviewAccepted OfferPositive ExperienceEasy Interview
I applied through other source. The process took 1 day – interviewed at Aéropostale (San Antonio, TX) in July 2010.
I scheduled a phone interview with the district manager. It was fairly short and to the point. She explained how many hours I would get and things they would expect of me, and asked my availability. I heard back fairly soon afterwards.
Interview Questions
- Explain a time when you had a lot to do in little time, and what you did to accomplish everything Answer Question
I asked for more and they agreed.
Sales Lead InterviewAccepted OfferPositive ExperienceEasy Interview
I applied in-person. The process took a week – interviewed at Aéropostale.
Hiring and interview were both very relaxed. Because I asked for the manager when picking up and dropping off my application and was sure to make a good impression up front, I had an interview two days later and was hired 7 days after applying. The interview itself was somewhat informal with the manager basically reading a list of general and expected questions about how you would handle the job and your familiarity with the company in general.
Interview Questions
- What ways have you used to motivate employees in the past? Answer Question
Sales Lead InterviewAccepted OfferNeutral ExperienceEasy Interview
The process took 1 day – interviewed at Aéropostale in April 2009.
stupid. you sit down with a regional manager who sells you the job, then wants you to sell yourself. now that i look back nothing she really said happened. promised advancement didnt see that! dont even waste your time with this copycat company.
Interview Questions
- why should we hire you Answer Question
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