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Office of Scientific and Technical Information
WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic 2011: Warning about the dangers of tobacco
E-Print Network [OSTI]
Ireland Israel Italy Ś V Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan LatviaIreland Israel Italy Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Latvia LithuaniaIreland Israel Italy Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Latvia Lithuania
Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania,I Data not reported Kazakhstan None Kyrgyzstan LatviaIreland Israel Italy Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Latvia Lithuania
WHO World Health Organization
The Post-Soviet Development of Elite-Level Athletics in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan
athletes/nation=kazakhstan/index.html. Ā ōBrowseĀOlympicĀCommittee,ĀRepublicĀofĀKazakhstan. öĀAccessedĀOctoberĀ17,ĀBrowseĀOlympicĀAthletes:ĀĀKazakhstan;ĀNBCĀOlympics. öĀ
Silecky, Matej
Legislating for smoke-free workplaces
1991), Ireland (1995), Kazakhstan (1996), Latvia (1994),1994), Italy (1985), Kazakhstan (1996), Kyrgyzstan (1992),applicable X C139 C148 Kazakhstan Not applicable C148 C155
World Health Organization
Perspectives on the Present State and Future of Higher Education Faculty Development in Kazakhstan: Implications for National Human Resource Development
........................ 105 1 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Historical and Cultural Review of Kazakhstan Kazakhstan lies in the heart of Eurasian continent, bounded by the Russian Federation in the north, China in the east, Kyrgyzstan...
Seitova, Dinara T.
Perspectives on the United States Health Care System by International students from the newly independent states of the former Soviet Union and a comparison of former Soviet countries' and the United States Health Care Systems
of Institutional Studies and Planning, 2001). The research of this thesis was limited to students of the NIS: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bclarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine... 22 Q-5 In what country were you born? Q-6 1 Armenia 2 Azerbaijan 3 Belarus 4 Georgia 5 Kazakhstan 6 Kyrgyzstan 7 Latvia 8 Lithuania 9 Moldova 10 Russia 11 Tajikistan 12 Turkmenistan 13 Ukraine 14 Uzbekistan 15 Other (Please Specify...
Leuenberger, Larissa Diane
Kazakhstan receiving acreage applications
SciTech Connect (OSTI)
Kazakhstan is receiving applications for exploration and development rights to large tracts in the central and eastern parts of the republic. The program is part of a country-wide effort to attract more foreign investigators to help underwrite massive industrial privatization aimed at revitalizing Kazakhstan's economy. A delegation of Kazakh officials visited Houston the last week in November to publicize petroleum opportunities in the republic and appeared Dec. 1--2 at a conference to present an overview of Kazakhstan's petroleum prospectivity. Officials also reviewed recently approved legal, financial, and environmental legislation intended to improve the attractiveness of investing in Kazakhstan's energy sector. This paper discusses the status of development, gives a geologic overview, and highlights the geology of the South Torgay and Teniz basins.
Not Available
Geology and hydrocarbon prospects of Latvia
Oil prospects in Latvia are associated with the Baltic syneclise. Latvia occupies about one fourth of that large tectonic depression; zones of oil accumulation continue there from adjacent areas: the Telshai rampart (Lithuania) and the Leba nose (Polish offshore). The oil prospects in separate areas are determined by their position regarding the sources of oil generation--the Gdansk-Kura and Liepaya depressions. The most prospective areas are the Liepaya-Saldus zone of highs and the Pape-Barta trough. The Liepaya-Saldus zone was situated so that the hydrocarbon migration path crossed it. It probably is an important oil accumulation zone. The paper describes the geology of Latvia and the one oil field in Latvia.
Freimanis, A. (Latvian Dept. of Geology, Riga (Latvia)); Margulis, L.; Brangulis, A.; Kanev, S.; Pomerantseva, R. (Inst. of Marine Geology and Geophysics, Riga (Latvia))
Changing Demographics in Latvia by Changing Ethnic Law
This thesis examines language and citizenship laws in Latvia to determine how they have been used to change Latvia's internal ethnic identity and external geopolitical relations. A discourse analysis of two of the region's major news sources...
Cooper, Zachary L.
Increasing State Capacity Through Clans
Moldova, Azerbaijan and Kazakhstanö. World Bank Report. kazakhstan/>. EIU (EconomistAsian countries of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan,
Doyle, Jr, Thomas Martin
Kazakhstan HEU Removal | National Nuclear Security Administration
National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
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During the month of November, the Department hosted an unusual guest from Kazakhstan, Zhanna Yessengaliyeva. Kazakhstan is a country
During the month of November, the Department hosted an unusual guest from Kazakhstan, Zhanna Yessengaliyeva. Kazakhstan is a country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Kazakhstan is the ninth largest) is larger than Western Europe. 16.6 million people live in Kazakhstan, its population density is less than 6
Pringle, James "Jamie"
Project EARTH-11-RW2: The Active Tectonics of Kazakhstan
Project EARTH-11-RW2: The Active Tectonics of Kazakhstan Supervisor: Dr R Walker The active faulting and building of mountains in Kazakhstan, and adjacent parts of north-central Asia (e.g. Mongolia. The aim of this DPhil proposal is to investigate the active tectonics of Kazakhstan (and potentially
Henderson, Gideon
Variability of urea concentration in camel milk in Kazakhstan
Note Variability of urea concentration in camel milk in Kazakhstan Bernard FAYE 1*, Gaukhar University Al Farabi, 71 av. Al-Farabi, 050040 Almaty, Kazakhstan Received 12 February 2010 Ł Revised 4 March interpretable variation factors. In 102 milk samples collected in Kazakhstan, at four seasons of the year
Paris-Sud XI, Universitķ de
Drunk On Oil: Russian Foreign Policy 2000-2007
nearby states (Uzbekistan in 2004, Kazakhstan and Belarus in2006, Armenia in 2006, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan in 2007,of Russia, China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and
Brugato, Thomas
Mercantilist Development in Russia: The Legitimacy of State Power, State Identity, and the Energy Charter Regime (1990 - 2010)
Belorussia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, andSenior people from Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan,gas from Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, and Uzbekistan. With the
Barkanov, Boris
Explaining ratification of human rights treaties : signaling for aid during regional crises
Economic Reforms in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan,2001a. ōThe Economy of Kazakhstan,ö in Central Asia:In September of 1993 Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan,
Smith, Heather Michelle
U.S. DOE, Kazakhstan government launch aerial imaging project
The US Department of Energy (DOE) and the Kazakhstan government have launched a breakthrough science and technology mission to use DOE technology developed to detect weapons proliferation to search for oil and mineral reserves in Kazakhstan. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is leading the research effort, which began in June. This mission to conduct airborne imaging flights over Kazakhstan is the result of a recently signed agreement between Pacific Northwest and Earth Search Sciences Inc., a remote sensing firm based in Idaho, to look for oil and mineral deposits in the Republic of Kazakhstan in central Asia. It is the first time this technology will be used outside the United States.
Hamm, J. [Pacific Northwest National Lab., Richland, WA (United States)
NNSA and Kazakhstan Complete Operation to Eliminate Highly Enriched...
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
Kazakhstan Complete Operation to Eliminate Highly Enriched Uranium | National Nuclear Security Administration Facebook Twitter Youtube Flickr RSS People Mission Managing the...
Advocacy Coalitions in East European Sex Tourism: The Case of Latvia
The widening of the European Union and the emergence of budget airlines have brought with them a host of challenges to new member states like Latvia. A result of the economic polarization and its disproportionate effect ...
Dean, Laura A.
Programme de bourses en codirection pour doctorants Les Universits du Kazakhstan cherchent des codirecteurs
Programme de bourses en codirection pour doctorants Kazakhstan Les Universit├®s du Kazakhstan quarantaine d'├®tablissements d'enseignement sup├®rieur du Kazakhstan. Ce programme s'inscrit dans une politique outil int├®ressant pour s'engager dans de nouvelles coop├®rations. L'Ambassade de France au Kazakhstan
Jeanjean, Louis
Essays in Open Economy Monetary Policy
Croatia Jordan Denmark Kazakhstan Dominican Republic EgyptJamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Latvia Lebanon MauritiusEgypt India Jordan Kazakhstan Pakistan Russia Tunisia
Castro, Pedro
Stories of the Twentieth Century for the Twenty-First
while four more (Hungary, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Slovenia)Brazil, Peru, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Bulgaria,Republic in 2003, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Russia, Slovenia, and
Gourinchas, Pierre-Olivier; Obstfeld, Maurice
Progress Toward Remediation of Uranium Tailings in Mailuu-Suu, Kyrgyzstan
The town of Mailuu-Suu in Kyrgyzstan inherited 23 distinct tailings deposits from Soviet-Era uranium mining operations. Mailuu-Suu is located in the narrow landslide-prone valley of the Mailuu-Suu River about 25 km from the Uzbekistan border. Large-scale release of the radioactive tailings, as a result of landslides, could lead to irreversible contamination of the river and downstream areas. The Mailuu-Suu River is a tributary to the Syr-Darya River, the Fergana valley's main source of irrigation water. The Fergana Valley is a key agricultural region and major population center that spans Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan. The trans-boundary nature of the Mailuu-Suu tailings issue presents an opportunity for collaboration among these Central Asian states. A cooperative approach to addressing environmental issues such as Mailuu-Suu may contribute to the region's stability by facilitating peaceful associations. Experience from remediation of sites in the US under the Uranium Mill Tailings Remediation Action Project (UMTRA) will be useful in progressing toward remediation at Mailuu-Suu.
Buckley, P B; Ranville, J; Honeyman, B D; Smith, D K; Rosenberg, N; Knapp, R B
Tracing glacier wastage in the Northern Tien Shan (Kyrgyzstan/Central Asia) over the last 40 years
Agency on Geology and Mineral Resources, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan #12;Central Asia ┬Ł especially during the dry Shan since the Little Ice Age maximum. 1 Introduction Glacier wastage has been pervasive on a global and the Antarctic ice sheets, they have been responsible for about 70% of global mass loss since the mid- twentieth
Richner, Heinz
A new species of Chiasmognathus from Kazakhstan (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
A new species of the ammobatine bee genus Chiasmognathus Engel (Nomadinae: Ammobatini) is described and figured from near Almaty, Kazakhstan. Chiasmognathus scythicus Engel & Packer, new species, is superficially similar to C. gussakovskii (Popov...
Engel, Michael S.; Packer, Laurence
United States Department of Energy and the Republic of Kazakhstan...
States Department of Energy and the Republic of Kazakhstan Ministry of Energy Mark the Completion of the Packaging of the BN-350 Fast Breeder Reactor Spent Fuel | National Nuclear...
NNSA helps eliminate highly enriched uranium from Kazakhstan...
Kazakhstan. The HEU was transported via two air shipments to a secure facility in Russia for permanent disposition. This complex operation was the culmination of a multi-year...
Housing and Ethnicity in the Post-Soviet City: Ust'-Kamenogorsk, Kazakhstan
Housing and Ethnicity in the Post-Soviet City: Ust'-Kamenogorsk, Kazakhstan Michael Gentile-Soviet segregation in housing in the medium-sized industrial city of Ust'-Kamenogorsk, Kazakhstan. The paper uses
Huang, Youqin
Ultrarapid exhumation of ultrahigh-pressure diamond-bearing metasedimentary rocks of the Kokchetav Massif, Kazakhstan?
Massif, Kazakhstan? $ Bradley R. Hackera,*, Andrew Calverta , R.Y. Zhangb , W. Gary Ernstb , J.G. Lioub, Kazakhstan (Fig. 1), is a large ( f 10Ł15 ┬ 150 km) ultrahigh-pressure terrane, distinctive because
Hacker, Bradley R.
81921Federal Register / Vol. 75, No. 249 / Wednesday, December 29, 2010 / Rules and Regulations 252.2257044 Balance of Payments
.'' ``South Caucasus/Central and South Asian (SC/CASA) state'' means Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, or Uzbekistan. SC/CASA state construction
Coping with Change: Understanding Transformation
, if not millennia, large parts of contemporary Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan were home Kazakhstan, allowed for a substantial intensification of livestock rearing. This was complemented
Mapping locust habitats in River Ili Delta, Kazakhstan, using Landsat imagery
Mapping locust habitats in River Ili Delta, Kazakhstan, using Landsat imagery Ramesh Sivanpillai a Protection, Almaty, Kazakhstan Received 11 August 2005; received in revised form 10 March 2006; accepted 21 March 2006 Available online 3 May 2006 Abstract The River Ili delta in southeast Kazakhstan
Latchininsky, Alexandre
Land use changes and raptor conservation in steppe habitats of Eastern Kazakhstan
Land use changes and raptor conservation in steppe habitats of Eastern Kazakhstan Jose┤ Antonio Sa, 480060 Almaty, Kazakhstan d Estacio┤n Biolo┤gica de Don~ana, CSIC, Avd. Mari┤a Luisa s/n, Pabello┤n del in western Europe. During June 1999 we conducted road surveys of raptors in Eastern Kazakhstan to detect
Carrete, Martina
Parcours de l'ethnologie au Kazakhstan : anciennes contraintes, nouveaux travers Isabelle Ohayon
Parcours de l'ethnologie au Kazakhstan : anciennes contraintes, nouveaux travers Isabelle Ohayon Rķfķrence publication : ½ Parcours de l'ethnologie au Kazakhstan, anciennes contraintes, nouveaux travers de l'ex-URSS, l'ethnologie au Kazakhstan connaŅt une crise profonde. Elle est affectķe aujourd
Mathematics Education Issues in post-Soviet Kazakhstan: An International Perspective
Mathematics Education Issues in post-Soviet Kazakhstan: An International Perspective Zaur Berkaliev in mathematics education in post-Soviet Kazakhstan through the lens of American experience and NCTM Principles Background Located in Central Asia, Kazakhstan is one of the fifteen former Soviet republics which became
Spagnolo, Filippo
Kazakhstan seeks to step up crude oil export capabilities
This paper reports that the Commonwealth of Independent States' Kazakhstan republic is driving to achieve international export capability for its crude oil production. Latest official figures showed Kazakhstan producing 532,000 b/d, or a little more than 5% of the C.I.S. total of 10.292 million b/d. As part of its oil export campaign, Kazakhstan agreed with Oman to a joint venture pipeline to ship oil from Kazakh fields, including supergiant Tengiz, earmarked for further development by a Chevron Corp. joint venture. In addition, Kazakh leaders were scheduled to conduct 3 days of talks last week with Turkish officials covering construction of a crude oil pipeline to the Mediterranean Sea through Turkey.
Planned oil pipeline vital to economy of Kazakhstan
The West Kazakhstan-Kumkol pipeline project is extremely vital to the economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan`s ultimate goal of transporting crude oil produced from the western part of the country eastward to Kumkol, from where it is further transported through existing pipelines to refineries in Chimkent in the south and Pavoldar in the northeast. The two refineries are now mainly supplied with west Siberian crudes imported through a pipeline that approaches Kazakhstan via Omsk. The planned pipeline will allow increased use of local crudes, thereby considerably improving a secure supply for the consumers while also increasing the flexibility of the nation`s overall import/export situation. The importance of this project is stressed by the Kazakh government which has officially classified it as a national priority project. The technical feasibility study of the project was prepared by ILF Consulting Engineers of Germany and Price Waterhouse Financial Consultants is conducting a study to determine the economical viability of the project. The overall cost is estimated at $1.1 billion, with the cost of Phase 1 placed at $600 million.
Radiological Conditions at the Semipalatinsk Test Site, Kazakhstan: Preliminary Assessment and Recommendations for Further Study
This is a review of the book ''Radiological Conditions at the Semipalatinsk Test Site, Kazakhstan: Preliminary Assessment and Recommendations for Further Study.''
Napier, Bruce A. (BATTELLE (PACIFIC NW LAB))
2011 Korean Government Scholarship Program Guideline for International Students
Taipei, Belgium, Cambodia, Bangladesh, Bulgaria, Israel, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Malaysia, Mexico, China, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Philippines, Vietnam 1 23 Algeria, Azerbaijan, Ghana, Kazakhstan, Mexico, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Thailand, Uzbekistan 1 43
Auckland, University of
DARIA (KAZAKHSTAN). Valet S.1 , Ph. Le Coustumer2 , M. Motķlica- Heino3 et S. Galaup4 . 1 Consultant rķalisķe au Kazakhstan, en 2003, a dķmontrķ, pour la premiĶre fois l'existence d'un tel encro¹tement sur extrĻme variabilitķ physique, chimique et microbiologique. Toutefois le milieu spķcifique du Kazakhstan
Final (pre-edited) version of the paper published in: Proc. 10th Int. Conf. Logic for Programming, Artificial Intelligence, and Reasoning (LPAR 2003), Almaty, Kazakhstan, Sep. 2003,
, Artificial Intelligence, and Reasoning (LPAR 2003), Almaty, Kazakhstan, Sep. 2003, volume 2850 of Lecture
Sutre, Grķgoire
Kazakhstan-Clean Technology Fund (CTF) | Open Energy Information
Open Energy Info (EERE)
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data CenterFranconia, Virginia: Energy Resources Jump to:46 - 429 Throttled (botOpen6 ClimateKamas, Utah:Kaufman County,Kazakhstan Central Asia
Kazakhstan-Climate Technology Initiative Private Financing Advisory Network
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data CenterFranconia, Virginia: Energy Resources Jump to:46 - 429 Throttled (botOpen6 ClimateKamas, Utah:Kaufman County,Kazakhstan Central
Kazakhstan Climate Change Coordination Center | Open Energy Information
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home5b9fcbce19 No revision hasInformation Earth's Heat JumpInc Place: EdenOverviewKanematsuKas Farms Wind Farm JumpKazakhstan
Estimating the potential of greenhouse gas mitigation in Kazakhstan
As part of the studies related to the obligations of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Republic of Kazakhstan started activities to inventory greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and assess of GHG mitigation options, The objective of this paper is to present an estimate of the possibility of mitigating GHG emissions and determine the mitigation priorities. It presents a compilation of the possible options and their assessment in terms of major criteria and implementation feasibility. Taking into account the structure of GHG emissions in Kazakhstan in 1990, preliminary estimates of the potential for mitigation are presented for eight options for the energy sector and agriculture and forestry sector. The reference scenario prepared by expert assessments assumes a reduction of CO{sub 2} emissions in 1996-1998 by about 26% from the 1990 level due to general economic decline, but then emissions increase. It is estimated that the total potential for the mitigation of CO{sub 2} emissions for the year 2000 is 3% of the CO{sub 2} emissions in the reference scenario. The annual reduction in methane emissions due to the estimated options can amount to 5%-6% of the 1990 level. 10 refs., 1 fig., 4 tabs.
Monacrovich, E.; Pilifosova, O.; Danchuck, D. [Kazakh Scientific-Research Hydrometeorlogical Institute, Almaty (Kazakhstan)] [and others
Public service integration in Kazakhstan: the case of one stop shopĀ
This thesis is an analysis of the public service integration, a New Public Management initiative, in a transitional context such as Kazakhstan. This thesis focuses on three main perspectives ¢ the impact of the service ...
Janenova, Saltanat
An Energy Overview of the Republic of Kazakhstan
The DOE Office of Fossil Energy is maintaining a web site that is meant to provide useful business- and energy-related information about countries and regions of the world for exporters, project developers, and researchers. The site consists of more than 130 country pages (organized into seven different world regions), with each country page having its own set of links to information sources about that country. There are also more than 30 Country Energy Overviews at the web site -- each of these is a comprehensive review of a specific country's entire energy situation, including sections on Energy Policy, Oil, Natural Gas, Coal, Hydroelectric/Renewables, Nuclear Power, Energy Transmission Infrastructure, Electricity, Electric Industry Overview, Environmental Activities, Privatization, Trade, and Economic Situation. The specific country highlighted in this Country Energy Overview is Kazakhstan. The site is designed to be dynamic. Updates to the overviews will be made as need and resources permit.
Le satellite astronomique europen INTEGRAL a t lanc en 2002 depuis le centre spatial de Bakonour, au Kazakhstan, puis plac en
Ba'konour, au Kazakhstan, puis placķ en orbite pour ķtudier les rayons gamma ķmis par des sources telles que
Rochaix, Jean-David
Low-enriched uranium holdup measurements in Kazakhstan
Quantification of the residual nuclear material remaining in process equipment has long been a challenge to those who work with nuclear material accounting systems. Fortunately, nuclear material has spontaneous radiation emissions that can be measured. If gamma-ray measurements can be made, it is easy to determine what isotope a deposit contains. Unfortunately, it can be quite difficult to relate this measured signal to an estimate of the mass of the nuclear deposit. Typically, the measurement expert must work with incomplete or inadequate information to determine a quantitative result. Simplified analysis models, the distribution of the nuclear material, any intervening attenuation, background(s), and the source-to-detector distance(s) can have significant impacts on the quantitative result. This presentation discusses the application of a generalized-geometry holdup model to the low-enriched uranium fuel pellet fabrication plant in Ust-Kamenogorsk, Kazakhstan. Preliminary results will be presented. Software tools have been developed to assist the facility operators in performing and documenting the measurements. Operator feedback has been used to improve the user interfaces.
Barham, M.A.; Ceo, R.N.; Smith, S.E. [Oak Ridge Y-12 Plant, TN (United States)] [and others
Tomer Hasid When you hear `Chechnya' you think
CHECHEN Tomer Hasid #12;When you hear `Chechnya' you think ...of #12;"It's somwhere near Kazakhstan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Syria, Turkey and Uzbekistan. #12;Chechen - facts A member of the Nakh
Dershowitz, Nachum
Trends of development of the methodical system of teaching physics in high schools of Kazakhstan
This article examines trends in the development of methodical teaching of physics in high school the Republic of Kazakhstan with the information of the learning process. The article indicates the value of methodical teaching of physics in high school as one of the factors of increasing the level of education students, the formation of professional competence.
Kerimbayev, N
National human resource development in the developing world: the Republic of Kazakhstan
challenges affecting the necessary nature for thought and practice of HRD at the national level (NHRD) in the RKZ. The second chapter was focused on exploring HRDŚhow it was constructed, and currently practiced and neededŚin Kazakhstan. The third chapter...
Kenzhegaranova, Madina
11406. Proposed by A. A. Dzhumadil'daeva, Almaty, Republics Physics and Mathematics School, Almaty, Kazakhstan. Let n!! denote the product of all positive integers not greter than n and congruent to n mod 2,
, Kazakhstan. Let n!! denote the product of all positive integers not greter than n and congruent to n mod 2
Heckman, Christopher Carl
Definition of Non-Conventional Sulfur Utilization in Western Kazakhstan for Sulfur Concrete (Phase 1)
Battelle received a contract from Agip-KCO, on behalf a consortium of international oil and gas companies with exploration rights in the North Caspian Sea, Kazakhstan. The objective of the work was to identify and help develop new techniques for sulfur concrete products from waste, by-product sulfur that will be generated in large quantitites as drilling operations begin in the near future. BNL has significant expertise in the development and use of sulfur concrete products and has direct experience collaborating with the Russian and Kazakh partners that participated. Feasibility testing was successfully conducted for a new process to produce cost-effective sulfur polymer cement that has broad commerical applications.
Kalb, Paul
A world-class challenge: Kazakhstan mega-project still looming
This issue of Energy Detente describes how one massive development plan has been scaled back for the moment, but which is destined to play a major role in the future -- no matter how the particulars of development evolve. Last month, Chevron downward adjusted its budget for the development of the Tengiz oil field in Kazakhstan. This article highlights the media attention that has been paid to the Former Soviet Union as a potential oil giant, which will increase further with Chevron`s recent decision.
Treatability study on the use of by-product sulfur in Kazakhstan for the stabilization of hazardous and radioactive wastes
The Republic of Kazakhstan generates significant quantities of excess elemental sulfur from the production and refining of petroleum reserves. In addition, the country also produces hazardous, and radioactive wastes which require treatment/stabilization. In an effort to find secondary uses for the elemental sulfur, and simultaneously produce a material which could be used to encapsulate, and reduce the dispersion of harmful contaminants into the environment, BNL evaluated the use of the sulfur polymer cement (SPC) produced from by-product sulfur in Kazakhstan. This thermoplastic binder material forms a durable waste form with low leaching properties and is compatible with a wide range of waste types. Several hundred kilograms of Kazakhstan sulfur were shipped to the US and converted to SPC (by reaction with 5 wt% organic modifiers) for use in this study. A phosphogypsum sand waste generated in Kazakhstan during the purification of phosphate fertilizer was selected for treatment. Waste loadings of 40 wt% were easily achieved. Waste form performance testing included compressive strength, water immersion, and Accelerated Leach Testing.
Kalb, P.D.; Milian, L.W. [Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY (United States). Environmental and Waste Technology Center; Yim, S.P. [Korea Atomic Energy Research Inst. (Korea, Republic of); Dyer, R.S.; Michaud, W.R. [Environmental Protection Agency (United States)
The Republic of Kazakhstan generates significant quantities of excess sulfur from the production and refining of petroleum reserves. In addition, the country also produces hazardous, and radioactive wastes which require treatment/stabilization. In an effort to find secondary uses for the elemental sulfur, and simultaneously produce a material which could be used to encapsulate, and reduce the dispersion of harmful contaminants into the environment, BNL evaluated the use of the sulfur polymer cement (SPC) produced from by-product sulfur in Kazakhstan. This thermoplastic binder material forms a durable waste form with low leaching properties and is compatible with a wide range of waste types. Several hundred kilograms of Kazakhstan sulfur were shipped to the U.S. and converted to SPC (by reaction with 5 wt% organic modifiers) for use in this study. A phosphogypsum sand waste generated in Kazakhstan during the purification of phosphate fertilizer was selected for treatment. Waste loading of 40 wt% were easily achieved. Waste form performance testing included compressive strength, water immersion, and Accelerated Leach Testing. 14 refs., 7 figs., 6 tabs.
Yim, Sung Paal; Kalb, P.D.; Milian, L.W.
International Conference "The History of Perestroika in Central Asia"
policies towards the central republican nomenklatura of Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan: configurations of centre in the perestroika period in Kazakhstan" Timur Dadabaev "From Economic Reforms to the Politics of "Perestroika and independent trade unions in Kazakhstan: main tendencies of perestroika period" Elena Zimovina "Transformation
Peters, Achim
Sustainable development and comprehensive capital : The post-Soviet decline of Central Asia
The general post-Soviet decline of the states of Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan) mirrors specific declines in the robustness of these states' stocks of financial, physical, ...
Sievers, Eric
The theoretical model of the design-advertising agency in Almaty, Kazakhstan, based on the experience of the same business in Austin, Texas
This study discussed a theoretical model for the start-up stage of a design-advertising agency in Almaty, Kazakhstan. The model is designed based on the analysis of the same industry in Austin, Texas, USA and takes into account the national context...
Rozenberg, Julia Alexeevna
ACADEMIC DELEGATION VISITS GRAPHICS 2008 - 2014 #12;Europe: Macedonia, Estonia, Romania, Bosnia, Germany, Estonia, Romania, Turkey, Belarus Asia: Kazakhstan, Russia, Thailand, Japan, Armenia, China, Brazil North America: Mexico, Canada Total Visits: 30 Europe: Czech Republic, Latvia, Germany, Romania
Di Pillo, Gianni
Process Flow Chart for Immobilizing of Radioactive High Concentration Sodium Hydroxide Product from the Sodium Processing Facility at the BN-350 Nuclear power plant in Aktau, Kazakhstan
This paper describes the results of a joint research investigations carried out by the group of Kazakhstan, British and American specialists in development of a new material for immobilization of radioactive 35% sodium hydroxide solutions from the sodium coolant processing facility of the BN-350 nuclear power plant. The resulting solid matrix product, termed geo-cement stone, is capable of isolating long lived radionuclides from the environment. The physico-mechanical properties of geo-cement stone have been investigated and the flow chart for its production verified in a full scale experiments. (author)
Burkitbayev, M.; Omarova, K.; Tolebayev, T. [Ai-Farabi Kazakh National University, Chemical Faculty, Republic of Kazakhstan (Kazakhstan); Galkin, A. [KATEP Ltd., Republic of Kazakhstan (Kazakhstan); Bachilova, N. [NIISTROMPROEKT Ltd., Republic of Kazakhstan (Kazakhstan); Blynskiy, A. [Nuclear Technology Safety Centre, Republic of Kazakhstan (Kazakhstan); Maev, V. [MAEK-Kazatomprom Ltd., Republic of Kazakhstan (Kazakhstan); Wells, D. [NUKEM Limited- a member of the Freyssinet Group, Winfrith Technology Centre, Dorchester, Dorset (United Kingdom); Herrick, A. [NUKEM Limited- a member of the Freyssinet Group, Caithness (United Kingdom); Michelbacher, J. [Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls (United States)
Feasibility studies to establish at the Kazakhstan Ulba metallurgical plant the manufacturing capability to produce low-enriched uranium certified reference materials
One of the salient features of the transition plan that the United States Department of Energy/National Nuclear Security Administration (DOE/NNSA) is presently implementing in the Former Soviet Union countries is the availability of uranium certified reference materials for calibration of nondestructive assay (NDA) measurement equipment. To address this challenge, DOE/NNSA and U.S. national laboratories have focused their cooperative efforts on establishing a reliable source for manufacturing, certifying, and supplying of such standards. The Ulba Metallurgical Plant (UMP), Kazakhstan, which processes large quantities of low-enriched uranium to produce ceramic fuel pellets for nuclear-powered reactors, is well situated to become a key supplier of low-enriched uranium certified reference materials for the country and Central Asia region. We have recently completed Phase I of a feasibility study to establish at UMP capabilities of manufacturing these standards. In this paper we will discuss details of a proposed methodology for uranium down-blending, material selection and characterization, and a proposed methodology of measurement by destructive (DA) and non-destructive (NDA) analysis to form a database for material certification by the competent State authorities in the Republic of Kazakhstan. In addition, we will discuss the prospect for manufacturing of such standards at UMP.
Kuzminski, Jozef [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Nesuhoff, J [NBL; Cratto, P [NBL; Pfennigwerth, G [Y12 NATIONAL SEC. COMPLEX; Mikhailenko, A [ULBA METALLURGICAL PLANT; Maliutina, I [ULBA METALLURGICAL PLANT; Nations, J [GREGG PROTECTION SERVICES
Kyrgyzstan: Energy Resources | Open Energy Information
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Technical cooperation between IAE/NNC and U.S. DOE National Laboratories on nuclear export controls in Kazakhstan -- a status report
The US Department of Energy (DOE) sponsors technical cooperative agreements, also known as Lab to Lab agreements, between its National Laboratories and similar institutions in the Newly Independent States (NIS) for the purpose of sharing some of the experience and expertise on nuclear export controls and nonproliferation of the former with their NIS counterparts so that, in turn, they can provide technical support to their respective governments in nonproliferation matters. In Kazakhstan, two separate technical cooperative agreements involving the Institute of Atomic Energy of the National Nuclear Center, Argonne National Laboratory, and Los Alamos National Laboratory were established in 1996. The tasks carried out during the first year of these technical cooperative agreements are described and the objectives and end products of the tasks are discussed.
Picologlou, B. [Argonne National Lab., IL (United States); Cernicek, A. [Los Alamos National Lab., NM (United States); Pakhnitz, V.; Koltysheva, G. [Inst. of Atomic Energy/NNC (Kazakhstan)
Mine locations: Kazakhstan
Upon accepting this internship at Los Alamos National Laboratory, I was excited but a bit nervous because I was placed into a field I knew nothing about and did not incorporate my mechanical engineering background. However, I stayed positive and realized that experience and education can come in many forms and that this would be a once in a lifetime opportunity. The EES-II Division (which stands for Earth and Environmental Sciences, Geophysics division) concentrates on several topics, including Nuclear Treaty Verification Seismology. The study of this is extremely important in order to monitor countries that have nuclear capability and make sure they follow the rules of the international comprehensive nuclear test ban treaty. Seismology is only one aspect of this monitoring and EES-II works diligently with many other groups here at Los Alamos and across the world.
Perry, Bradley A [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Latvia: Energy Resources | Open Energy Information
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Kyrgyzstan-Integrated Approaches to the Development of Climate Friendly
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Fruit and vegetable consumption in the former Soviet Union: the role of individual and community-level factors
. Setting: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia and Ukraine. Subjects: Adult survey respondents (n 17 998) aged 18¢95 years. Results: Being male, increasing age, lack of education and lack of financial resources were... /d, or five servings of 80 g/d) among 80 % of people in Russia, 92 % in Kazakhstan and 55 % in Ukraine(9). Another study found that 93 % of men living in Russian Karelia consumed inadequate vitamin C, compared with only 2 % in neigh- bouring Finnish Karelia(10...
Goryakin, Yevgeniy; Rocco, Lorenzo; Suhrcke, Marc; Roberts, Bayard; McKee, Martin
Radioactive Waste Management in Central Asia - 12034
After the collapse of the Soviet Union the newly independent states in Central Asia (CA) whose regulatory bodies were set up recently are facing problems with the proper management of radioactive waste and so called 'nuclear legacy' inherited from the past activities. During the former Soviet Union (SU) period, various aspects of nuclear energy use took place in CA republics of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. Activities range from peaceful use of energy to nuclear testing for example at the former Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site (SNTS) in Kazakhstan, and uranium mining and milling industries in all four countries. Large amounts of radioactive waste (RW) have been accumulated in Central Asia and are waiting for its safe disposal. In 2008 the Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority (NRPA), with the support of the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, has developed bilateral projects that aim to assist the regulatory bodies in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan (from 2010) to identify and draft relevant regulatory requirements to ensure the protection of the personnel, population and environment during the planning and execution of remedial actions for past practices and radioactive waste management in the CA countries. The participating regulatory authorities included: Kazakhstan Atomic Energy Agency, Kyrgyzstan State Agency on Environmental Protection and Forestry, Nuclear Safety Agency of Tajikistan, and State Inspectorate on Safety in Industry and Mining of Uzbekistan. The scope of the projects is to ensure that activities related to radioactive waste management in both planned and existing exposure situations in CA will be carried out in accordance with the international guidance and recommendations, taking into account the relevant regulatory practice from other countries in this area. In order to understand the problems in the field of radioactive waste management we have analysed the existing regulations through the so called 'Threat assessment' in each CA country which revealed additional problems in the existing regulatory documents beyond those described at the start of our ongoing bilateral projects in Kazakhstan, Kirgizistan Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. (authors)
Zhunussova, Tamara; Sneve, Malgorzata; Liland, Astrid [Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority (Norway)
Industry turns its attention south
The paper discusses the outlook for the gas and oil industries in the Former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. Significant foreign investment continues to elude Russia`s oil and gas industry, so the Caspian nations of Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan are picking up the slack, welcoming the flow of foreign capital to their energy projects. Separate evaluations are given for Russia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Moldova, Tajikstan, Uzbekistan, Albania, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Serbia.
Marhefka, D. [Russian Petroleum Investor, Moscow (Russian Federation)
EUDEEP (Smart Grid Project) (Latvia) | Open Energy Information
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US, UK, Kazakhstan Secure Radiological Transportation Vehicles...
than 10 metric tons of highly enriched uranium (HEU); Ongoing conversion of the research reactor at the Institute of Nuclear Physics from HEU to low enriched uranium and the...
Data base of chemical explosions in Kazakhstan
Within the bounds of this report, the following works were done: (1) Information about explosion quarries, located in Southern, Eastern and Northern Kasakstan was summarized. (2) The general information about seismicity of areas of location of explosion quarries was adduced. (3) The system of observation and seismic apparatus, recording the local earthquakes and quarry explosions at the territory of Kazakstan were described. (4) Data base of quarry explosions, that were carried out in Southern, Eastern and Northern Kazakstan during 1995 and first half of 1996 year was adduced. (5) Upon the data of registration of explosions in Southern Kazakstan the correlative dependences between power class of explosions and summary weight of charge were constructed. (6) Seismic records of quarry explosions were adduced. It is necessary to note, that the collection of data about quarry explosions in Kazakstan in present time is very difficult task. Organizations, that makes these explosions, are always suffering reorganizations and sometimes it is actually impossible to receive all the necessary information. Some quarries are situated in remote, almost inaccessible regions, and within the bounds of supplier financing not the every quarry was in success to visit. So the present data base upon the chemical explosions for 1995 is not full and in further it`s expansion is possible.
Demin, V.N. [National Nuclear Center of Republic of Kazakhstan Institute of Geophysical Researches (Kazakhstan); Malahova, M.N. [National Nuclear Center of Republic of Kazakhstan Institute of Geophysical Researches (Kazakhstan); Martysevich, P.N. [National Nuclear Center of Republic of Kazakhstan Institute of Geophysical Researches (Kazakhstan); Mihaylova, N.N. [National Nuclear Center of Republic of Kazakhstan Institute of Geophysical Researches (Kazakhstan); Nurmagambetov, A. [National Nuclear Center of Republic of Kazakhstan Institute of Geophysical Researches (Kazakhstan); Kopnichev, Yu.F. D. [National Nuclear Center of Republic of Kazakhstan Institute of Geophysical Researches (Kazakhstan); Edomin, V.I. [National Nuclear Center of Republic of Kazakhstan Institute of Geophysical Researches (Kazakhstan)
Language and identification in contemporary KazakhstanĀ
In the years since the dissolution of the Soviet Union Central Asia has experienced wide-reaching and ongoing social change. The structures and values of all social strata have been questioned and re-evaluated in a ...
Munday, Emma Rachel
Kazakhstan: Energy Resources | Open Energy Information
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KazaKhstan and theworld economy
the team. Other contributors are Lucy Davis,Iana Dreyer,Fredrik Erixon,Arastou Khatibi, Florian Koebele accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) for twelve years. Long accession processes have not been of an econometric study show that mem- bership of the WTO would only lead to small static effects on trade
Oil and gas resources of the Fergana Basin (Uzbekistan, Tadzhikistan, and Kyrgyzstan)
This analysis is part of the Energy Information Administration`s (EIA`s) Foreign Energy Supply Assessment Program (FESAP). This one for the Fergana Basin is an EIA first for republics of the former Soviet Union (FSU). This was a trial study of data availability and methodology, resulting in a reservoir-level assessment of ultimate recovery for both oil and gas. Ultimate recovery, as used here, is the sum of cumulative production and remaining Proved plus Probable reserves as of the end of 1987. Reasonable results were obtained when aggregating reservoir-level values to the basin level, and in determining general but important distributions of across-basin reservoir and fluid parameters. Currently, this report represents the most comprehensive assessment publicly available for oil and gas in the Fergana Basin. This full report provides additional descriptions, discussions and analysis illustrations that are beneficial to those considering oil and gas investments in the Fergana Basin. 57 refs., 22 figs., 6 tabs.
Oil and gas resources of the Fergana basin (Uzbekistan, Tadzhikistan, and Kyrgyzstan). Advance summary
The Energy Information Administration (EIA), in cooperation with the US Geological Survey (USGS), has assessed 13 major petroleum producing regions outside of the United States. This series of assessments has been performed under EIA`s Foreign Energy Supply Assessment Program (FESAP). The basic approach used in these assessments was to combine historical drilling, discovery, and production data with EIA reserve estimates and USGS undiscovered resource estimates. Field-level data for discovered oil were used for these previous assessments. In FESAP, supply projections through depletion were typically formulated for the country or major producing region. Until now, EIA has not prepared an assessment of oil and gas provinces in the former Soviet Union (FSU). Before breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991, the Fergana basin was selected for a trial assessment of its discovered and undiscovered oil and gas. The object was to see if enough data could be collected and estimated to perform reasonable field-level estimates of oil and gas in this basin. If so, then assessments of other basins in the FSU could be considered. The objective was met and assessments of other basins can be considered. Collected data for this assessment cover discoveries through 1987. Compared to most other oil and gas provinces in the FSU, the Fergana basin is relatively small in geographic size, and in number and size of most of its oil and gas fields. However, with recent emphasis given to the central graben as a result of the relatively large Mingbulak field, the basin`s oil and gas potential has significantly increased. At least 7 additional fields to the 53 fields analyzed are known and are assumed to have been discovered after 1987.
Competing for Capital: The Diffusion of Bilateral Investment Treaties, 1960-2000
Zimbabwe-Sri Lanka, Croatia- Iran, Thailand Kazakhstan,Zimbabwe-Kazakhstan,Croatia-Kazakhstan. Sweden also participated and concluded a
Elkins, Zachary; Guzman, Andrew T; Simmons, Beth
U.S. - Kazakhstan Cooperation on Nuclear Security and Nonproliferation |
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US, Kazakhstan Cooperate to Eliminate Highly Enriched Uranium | National
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Petroleum geochemistry of Atrau region, Pre-Caspian Basin, Kazakhstan
Pre-Caspian Basin covers an area of approx. 500,000 sq. km. and is characterized mainly by thick (0-5000 m) Kungurian salts. Atrau region occupies 100,000 sq.km. and is located at the southern part of the basin. Oils of this basin are found in the sub-salt (Carboniferous reefs) and supra-salts (Triassic red beds and Jurassic-Cretaceous clastics) reservoirs. Seventeen crude oil samples analyzed from different wells appear to be paraffinic and paraffinic-naphthenic type. Some of the oils hardly contained any n-alkanes, probably owing to biodegradation. Biomarker signatures of saturate and aromatic fractions and stable carbon isotopes of whole oils revealed two genetically different oil families; family I and family II. Family I was generated from clastic supra-salt sediments having immature (%Rc=0.55) terrestrial organic matter. Family II was generated from carbonate rich sub-salt sediments, containing mature (%Rc=0.65-0.80) marine organic matter. Majority of Triassic, Kungurian and Upper Cretaceous successions contained enough organic matter with considerably low total petroleum potential (S1+S2). Upper Carboniferous sediments, on the other hand, contain enough and oil prone organic matter that reached peak oil generation stage (233.1 Ma) and hydrocarbon saturation level for expulsion as a result of high sedimentation rates in the Lower to Middle Triassic succession in Kobyekovskaya-2 well. Maximum paleotemperature reached in the area was not enough for H{sub 2}S formation and cracking of already generated hydrocarbons to natural gas.
Guerge, K. [TPAO dis Projeler Grup Baskanligi, Ankara (Turkey)
Kazakhstan-Enhancing Capacity for Low Emission Development Strategies...
13 countries, including Albania, Bangladesh, Colombia, Costa Rica, Gabon, Indonesia, Kenya, Macedonia, Mexico, Moldova, the Philippines, Serbia, and Vietnam. Fact Sheet...
Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Seminar in Kazakhstan | Open Energy
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US-Kazakhstan Energy Partnership | Open Energy Information
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NNSA and Kazakhstan Complete Operation to Eliminate Highly Enriched Uranium
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Deputy Secretary Poneman Visits Kazakhstan | Department of Energy
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
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Compiling RES Legislation for Kazakhstan | Open Energy Information
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Kazakhstan-Enhancing Capacity for Low Emission Development Strategies
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Kazakhstan-Integrated Approaches to the Development of Climate Friendly
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Deputy Secretary of Energy Meets with President of Latvia | Department of
Energy Savers [EERE]
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China Energy Primer
Yenikeyeff, Shamil (2008), ōKazakhstanÆs Gas: Export MarketsRussian Federation Libya Kazakhstan Nigeria Canada US Qatarconnecting Atasu in Northern Kazakhstan with Alashankou in
Ni, Chun Chun
Temporal Regulation of Gene Expression of the Thermus thermophilus Bacteriophage P23-45
of Republic of Kazakhstan, Kazakhstan 3 The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA 4 Stowers
Chait, Brian T.
DESY03188 November 2003
and Science of Kazakhstan, Almaty, Kazakhstan D. Son Kyungpook National University, Center for High Energy
, Uzbekistan2 ; and Institute of Zoology, Kazakhstan Academy of Science, Kazakhstan3 Received 20 March 1997
Zaritsky, Arieh
TITANIUM--2003 78.1 References that include a section mark () are found in the Internet
status to imports of unwrought titanium from Russia and Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan's Ust-Kamenogorsk Titanium
The Fantasy and Fear of Chernobyl's Ruins
dry bed of the Aral Sea, Kazakhstan. n.d. Irrigation tappigbrash and grandioseö Astana, KazakhstanÆs capitol is theTomorrowland: Astana, KazakhstanÆs New Grandiose Capital
Rotfeld, Masha
The Nuvruz Project: Monitoring for Radionuclides and Metals in Central Asia Transboundary Rivers End of Year One Reports
The Navruz Project is a cooperative, transboundary, river monitoring project involving rivers and institutions in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan facilitated by Sandia National Laboratories in the U.S. The Navruz Project focuses on waterborne radionuclides and metals because of their importance to public health and nuclear materials proliferation concerns in the region. Data obtained in this project are shared among all participating countries and the public through an internet web site and are available for use in further studies and in regional transboundary water resource management efforts. Overall, the project addresses three main goals: to help increase capabilities in Central Asian nations for sustainable water resources management; to provide a scientific basis for supporting nuclear transparency and non-proliferation in the region; and to help reduce the threat of conflict in Central Asia over water resources, proliferation concerns, or other factors. The Navruz project has a duration of three years. This document contains the reports from each of the participating institutions following the first year of data collection. While a majority of samples from the Navruz project are within normal limits, a preliminary analysis does indicate a high concentration of selenium in the Kazakhstan samples. Uzbekistan samples contain high uranium and thorium concentrations, as well as elevated levels of chromium, antimony and cesium. Additionally, elevated concentrations of radioactive isotopes have been detected at one Tajikistan sampling location. Further analysis will be published in a subsequent report.
Minerals yearbook: Mineral industries of Europe and central Eurasia. Volume 3. 1992 international review
Volume III, Minerals Yearbook -- International Review contains the latest available mineral data on more than 175 foreign countries and discusses the importance of minerals to the economies of these nations. Since the 1989 International Review, the volume has been presented as six reports. The report presents the Mineral Industries of Europe and Central Eurasia. The report incorporates location maps, industry structure tables, and an outlook section previously incorporated in the authors' Minerals Perspectives Series quinquennial regional books, which are being discontinued. This section of the Minerals Yearbook reviews the minerals industries of 45 countries: the 12 nations of the European Community (EC); 6 of the 7 nations of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA); Malta; the 11 Eastern European economies in transition (Albania, Bosnia and Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Macedonia, Poland, Romania, Serbia and Montenegro, and Slovenia); and the countries of Central Eurasia (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan).
The political economy of labor market liberalization
Lanka Mozambique Peru Kazakhstan Korea Georgia SwitzerlandThailand (2004), and Kazakhstan In addition to globalizationVietnam Taiwan Mozambique Kazakhstan Ukraine Georgia Korea
Choung, Jinhee Lee
Terrestrial Water Storage
Leba- non, Syria, West Kazakhstan, Armenia, Georgia, andterm mean. In western Kazakhstan, at the Caspian Sea, and into most areas; in western Kazakhstan tem- peratures were
Rodell, M; Chambers, D P; Famiglietti, Jay
Evaluating greenhouse gas emissions inventories for agricultural burning using satellite observations of active fires
India, Indonesia, Thailand, Kazakhstan, Mexico, and Nigeria)Indonesia, Thailand, Kazakhstan, Mexico, and Nigeria werehot spots across northern Kazakhstan, along the coast of
Lin, Hsiao-Wen; Jin, Yufang; Giglio, Louis; Foley, Jonathan A; Randerson, James T
Muslim Women at a Crossroads: Gender and Development in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China
in post-Soviet Kazakhstan. ö In The Transformation ofXinjiangĀ(est. )Ā ChinaĀ KazakhstanĀ RussiaĀ Uyghurs havekidnapping in post-Soviet Kazakhstan. In my understanding,
Huang, Cindy
Generational Politics: Narratives of Power in Central Asia's Visual Culture
Library of Republic of Kazakhstan. Department of Press.Library of Republic of Kazakhstan. Print. Fig. 22. Reading1937. National Library of Kazakhstan. Department of Press.
Khudonazar, Anaita
Groundwater and Terrestrial Water Storage,Ā
Lebanon, Syria, western Kazakhstan, Armenia, Georgia, andthe south Caucasus and west Kazakhstan were dry. Armenia hadwere detected over Russia and Kazakhstan. The anomaly lasted
Rodell, M; Chambers, D P; Famiglietti, J S
Sovereign Wealth Funds: Stylized Facts about their Determinants and Governance*
Algeria Brunei Korea Kazakhstan Venezuela Malaysia Nigeriac Algeria Brunei Korea Kazakhstan Venezuela Malaysia NigeriaFund for the Republic of Kazakhstan National Development
Aizenman, Joshua; Glick, Reuven
Essays on the politics of regulation
Iran Israel Jamaica Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kuwait KyrgyzHungary Tajikistan Romania Kazakhstan Senegal Czech RepublicBosnia and Herzegovina Kazakhstan Turkey Poland Belarus
Weymouth, Stephen
Terrestrial Remotely Sensed Imagery in Support of Public Health: New Avenues of Research Using Object-Based Image Analysis
of Bubonic Plague in Kazakhstan. In Proceedings of Anais XIVTegucigalpa, Honduras Kazakhstan Accra, Ghana Northernvector habitat. In Kazakhstan the great gerbil (Rhombomys
Kelly, Maggi
The European tobacco control report 2007
Minister of Health, Kazakhstan Dr Tomas Stanikas, LithuanianISTAT) (unpublished document). Kazakhstan 23.1 Data for 2001of population of Kazakhstan, 2004. WHO World Health Survey,
China Energy Databook -- User Guide and Documentation, Version 7.0
Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Korea (DPRK) Korea (Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Korea (DPRK) Korea (Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Korea (DPRK) Korea (
Fridley, Ed., David
Fate of Radionuclides in Wastewater Treatment Plants
can be mined in Niger, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Gabon, 4)can be found in China, Kazakhstan, Russian Federation andCanada, Australia and Kazakhstan. During the period between
Shabani Samgh Abadi, Farzaneh
2002 The Society for the Study of Evolution. All rights reserved. Evolution, 56(7), 2002, pp. 14031415
Physiology, Genetics and Bioengineering, Almaty 480090, Kazakhstan 5The Main Botanical Garden of Kazakhstan, Almaty 480062, Kazakhstan Abstract. Populations of wild barley, Hordeum spontaneum Koch, were collected
Volis, Sergei
Contemporary Korean/American Evangelical Missions: Politics of Space, Gender, and Difference
Azerbaijan, Iraq, Kazakhstan, and Uzbekistan. The third casemillion ethnic Koreans in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan fallAviv, Israel; Almaty, Kazakhstan; Pyongyang, North Korea;
Han, Ju Hui Judy
The nature of unusual luminescence in natural calcite, CaCO3
for pink calcite from Kazakhstan. After heating the pinkmodels have been proposed. In Kazakhstan samples an elevatedal. 1973, 1976). We studied a Kazakhstan calcite sample with
Gaft, M.
Stumbling Toward Capitalism: The State, Global Production Networks, and the Unexpected Emergence of China's Independent Auto Industry
Brazil, Ecuador, Ghana, Kazakhstan, Russia, Turkmenistan,shares are concentrated in Kazakhstan, Sudan, Venezuela, andIraq, Kuwait, Libya and Kazakhstan (Jiang and Sinton 2011:
Chang, Crystal Whai-ku
"A Sacred Space Is Never Empty": Soviet Atheism, 1954-1971
of Philosophy in the Kazakhstan Academy of Sciences,of Philosophy and Law in Kazakhstan. Graduate students atKrasnodar region, and Kazakhstan and to hold top positions
Smolkin-Rothrock, Victoria
Music Circulation and Transmission in Tbilisi, Georgia
and Work in Almaty, Kazakhstan. ö Critique of Anthropologyand Property Rights in Kazakhstan. ö Property in Question:Networks and Statehood in Kazakhstan. ö Nationalities Papers
Sebald, Brigita
Capital flows and economic growth in the era of financial integration and crisis, 1990-2010
the results of comparing Kazakhstan and Thailand for theis relatively higher in Kazakhstan throughout the decade.whereas the flow to Kazakhstan declined. It is possible that
Aizenman, Joshua; Jinjarak, Yothin; Park, Donghyun
Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan Almaty, Kazakhstan Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ecuadorian Institute, Bulgaria United Nations Development Fund for Women Almaty, Kazakhstan UN Economic & Social Commission
Shyy, Wei
Taking On Goliath - Civil Society's Leadership Role in Tobacco Control
Role in Tobacco Control Kazakhstan Moldova Romania UkraineIntroduction Case Studies Kazakhstan Moldova Romania UkraineSadykova (ōFor Smoke- free Kazakhstanö); Irina Zatushevski (
Open Society Institute
The Borat Problem In Contract Law: Fraud, Assent, And Standard Forms
Benefit Glorious Nation of Kazakhstan (http://www.imdb.com/Glorious Nation of Kazakhstan, 1 English comedian SachaGlorious Nation of Kazakhstan (Four by Two Productions,
Korobkin, Russell
Consumption-based accounting of CO2 emissions
Soviet Union (Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Belarus, and Russia),kg CO 2 /$GDP FSS Ukraine Kazakhstan Iran East Asia BelarusAsia China South Africa Kazakhstan Malaysia Russia Thailand
Davis, S. J; Caldeira, K.
Russophonia: Towards a Transnational Conception of Russian-Language Literature
polygon. Alma-Ata: Kazakhstan, 1992. ______________. 29CommunityÆ in Soviet Kazakhstan. An Historical Analysis ofin Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan. In chapter 3 I discuss the
Caffee, Naomi Beth
Anthropogenic emissions during Arctas-A: mean transport characteristics and regional case studies
burning in Siberia and Kazakhstan as an important source forand continue eastward over Kazakhstan and then turn north toagricultural burning in Kazakhstan and south- ern Russia as
Harrigan, D. L; Fuelberg, H. E; Simpson, I. J; Blake, D. R; Carmichael, G. R; Diskin, G. S
International reserves management and the current account
Guyana Indonesia Jordan Kazakhstan Kyrgyz Republic Laoof Iraq Jamaica Jordan Kazakhstan Macedonia, FYR MaldivesJamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Korea Kuwait Kyrgyz
Aizenman, Joshua
Ties That Do Not Bind: Russia and the International Liberal Order
with Belarus and Kazakhstan that promote an alternativeof Belarus, Russia and Kazakhstan, as counterweights tofrom Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan to European markets without
Krickovic, Andrej
The Right to Life with Dignity: Economic and Social Rights Respect in the World
Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Korea, Dem. Rep.New Zealand Iceland Kazakhstan Korea, Dem. Rep. BulgariaChina Croatia Grenada Jamaica Kazakhstan Korea, Rep. Lebanon
Kolp, Felicity Ann
Observations of nonmethane organic compounds during ARCTAS - Part 1: Biomass burning emissions and plume enhancements
burning in Siberia and Kazakhstan as an important source forgrassland fires in Kazakhstan (Warneke et al. , 2009) duringfires from East Asia/Kazakhstan. Likewise there was no sta-
The Atlantic Alliance and Geopolitics: New Realities and New Challenges
from East Siberia and Kazakhstan. 4) The emerging role ofand gas. A pipeline from Kazakhstan to China (Sin kiang) wasUzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan and Kirgizstan. ) Russia
Lie, Kai Olaf
Social disruption caused by tobacco growing
Child labour still blights Kazakhstan: too little being doneand cotton growing in Kazakhstan. Almaty: ILO/MOT; 2006. 66.excessively long hours. 63 Kazakhstan: Children as young as
Marty Otanez
Between Moscow and Baku: National Literatures at the 1934 Congress of Soviet Writers
trips, Russian brigades to Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, and Kara-11, 1934. writers to Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan; and sent aof Ukraine, Tataria, Kazakhstan, and Armenia to give them
Schild, Kathryn Douglas
Towards an Intellectual Property Bargaining Theory: The Post-WTO Era
since January 29, 1996, Kazakhstan has been unsuccessful inId. Id. Id. Id, NTE ¢ Kazakhstan. TOWARDS AN INTELLECTUALthe matter. 328 Argentina, Kazakhstan, and Pakistan, three
Benoliel, Daniel; Salama, Bruno
The Russian Male Macho Register and Performances of Masculinity
Press. Dave, Bhavna 2007 Kazakhstan: Ethnicity, Language andAstana.kzö from Astana, Kazakhstan spoofed an interactions relationship with Kazakhstan and a reversal of ethnic
Garey, Amy
ōThe Language of the Swordö: Alexksandr Bek, The Writers Union and Baurdzhan Momysh-uly in Battle for the memory of Volokolamskoe shosse
unusual unit, one formed in Kazakhstan at the beginning ofkazakham,ö 18; Bhavna Dave, Kazakhstan: Ethnicity, languageideological work in Kazakhstan, Momysh-ulyÆs friend and
Schechter, Brandon
Phytologia (August 2008) 90(2)208 TAXONOMIC STUDY OF JUNIPERUS EXCELSA AND J.
of J. polycarpos K. Koch. from Armenia, Kazakhstan, Pakistan and Turkmenistan has been examined using from Armenia, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan. Myrcene is a large component in the oils from Kazakhstan and Kazakhstan sites. Should thes
Adams, Robert P.
Allozyme Variation in Turkmenian Populations of Wild Barley, Hordeum spontaneum Koch.
The Institute of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Bioengineering, Almaty, 480090, Kazakhstan, }The Main Botanical Garden of Kazakhstan, Almaty, 480062, Kazakhstan, **The Institute of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Bioengineering, Almaty, 480090, Kazakhstan and ***The Institute for Desert Research, The Turkmenian Academy
Plant genetics, sustainable agriculture and global food security.
are particularly appar- ent in Kazakhstan where local foodday, 94% of households in Kazakhstan use iodized salt, and
Ronald, Pamela
International Lead and Zinc Study Group
Peru 31 23 Pķrou 31 24 Russian Federation 32 24 Fķdķration de Russie 32 25 Kazakhstan 32 25 Kazakhstan
Laughlin, Robert B.
Contribution of ocean, fossil fuel, land biosphere, and biomass burning carbon fluxes to seasonal and interannual variability in atmospheric CO 2
Antarctica Key Biscayne FL Kumukahi HA Kazakhstan SaryTau Kazakhstan Plateau Wisconsin Tower La Jolla CA Lampedusa
Source attributions of pollution to the Western Arctic during the NASA ARCTAS field campaign
burning in Siberia and Kazakhstan as an important source forprimar- ily over Russia/Kazakhstan in April and over North
Problem Solving and Psychological Traps* Jennifer Priestley and William Hakes
of Kazakhstan greater than 20 million? B. What is the population of Kazakhstan? If you are like most people
Priestley, Jennifer Lewis
Tolerance for Income Inequality and Redistributive Preferences: Cross-nation and Multilevel Perspectives
Rep. Latvia Bulgaria Croatia Turkey Poland South AfricaTurkey Estonia China Austria Croatia Philippines UK DenmarkIsrael South Africa Turkey Croatia Bulgaria Latvia France
Tay, Thiam Chye
Power in Transition: The Spatial Variation of Territorial Cohesion in Kazakhstan
Studies of territorial cohesion combine aspects of effective national territory and spatial inequalities, focusing on better integration of regions through balanced economic growth, reducing regional disparities, and ...
Burke, Cristin
Disposition of highly enriched uranium obtained from the Republic of Kazakhstan. Environmental assessment
This EA assesses the potential environmental impacts associated with DOE`s proposal to transport 600 kg of Kazakhstand-origin HEU from Y-12 to a blending site (B&W Lynchburg or NFS Erwin), transport low-enriched UF6 blending stock from a gaseous diffusion plant to GE Wilmington and U oxide blending stock to the blending site, blending the HEU and uranium oxide blending stock to produce LEU in the form of uranyl nitrate, and transport the uranyl nitrate from the blending site to USEC Portsmouth.
Strontium-85 and plutonium-239 sorption in rock samples from the Semipalatinsk Test Site, Kazakhstan
The adsorption and desorption of strontium and plutonium were studied as a function of rock type and simulated ground waters from the Semipalatinsk Test Site (STS). Seven different rock types were obtained from the Balapan Region of the STS and were subjected to x-ray diffraction analyses. Two different ground waters were simulated using data supplied by the National Nuclear Center. The results indicate the sorption of strontium is strongly dependent on the minerals present in the rock species and on the total ionic strength of the ground water whereas, in all cases, plutonium was strongly irreversibly sorbed.
Mason, C.F.V.; Lu, N.; Marusak, N.L.; Scheber, B.; Chipera, S. [Los Alamos National Lab., NM (United States); Daukeyev, D.; Khromushin, I. [National Nuclear Center of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty (Kazakhstan)
Use of plasma fuel systems at thermal power plants in Russia, Kazakhstan, China, and Turkey
The technology of plasma ignition of solid fuels is described, as well as its creation and development steps, the technoeconomic characteristics of plasma igniter systems, schemes of their installation in pulverized-coal boilers, and results of their application at pulverized coal-fired power plants.
Karpenko, E.I.; Karpenko, Y.E.; Messerle, V.E.; Ustimenko, A.B. [Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan Ude (Russian Federation). Institute of Thermal Physics
Immobilization of Cesium Traps from the BN-350 Fast Reactor (Aktau, Kazakhstan)
During BN-350 reactor operations and also during the initial stages of decommissioning, cesium traps were used to decontaminate the reactorÆs primary sodium coolant. Two different types of carbon-based trap were used ¢ the MAVR series, low ash granulated graphite adsorber (LAG) contained in a carrier designed to be inserted into the reactor core during shutdown; and a series of ex-reactor trap accumulators(TAs) which used reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) to reduce Cs-137 levels in the sodium after final reactor shutdown. In total four MAVRs and seven TAs were used at BN-350 to remove an estimated cumulative 755 TBq of cesium. The traps, which also contain residual sodium, need to be immobilized in an appropriate way to allow them to be consigned as waste packages for long term storage and, ultimately, disposal. The present paper reports on the current status of the implementation phase, with particular reference to the work done to date on the trap accumulators, which have the most similarity with the cesium traps used at other reactors.
J. A. Michelbacher; C. Knight; O. G. Romanenko; I. L. Tazhibaeva; I. L. Yakovlev; A. V. Rovneyko; V. I. Maev; D. Wells; A. Herrick
A statistical approach to estimation of bitumen distribution in the Tengiz reservoir, Kazakhstan
Solid bitumen occludes approximately two porosity units of Tengiz reservoir porosity. Neutron, density and sonic logs overestimate porosity at Tengiz because they do not adequately distinguish solid bitumen from movable oil. It has, therefore, been necessary to estimate the amount and distribution of bitumen in order to correct for its impact on field reserves. The origin of the solid bitumen has not yet been resolved. We have therefore taken a statistical approach to bitumen distribution. Several hundred bitumen analyses indicate an inhomogeneous distribution of bitumen at Tengiz Higher volume percentages are present in the Bashkirian and Serpukhovian age carbonates near the top of the reservoir. Although core descriptions and chemical analyses show some lateral variation in bitumen abundance across the field, there is no recognizable pattern to that variation. Based on bitumen analytical data we have subdivided the reservoir into three statistically distinct groups of formations. We used bitumen and porosity analyses obtained by VolgogradNIPIneft on individual core plugs to calculate an expected log response for those samples. The results were used to build a log porosity to effective porosity cloud transform. Sequential Indicator Simulation was then applied to the digitized log data to develop a 3-D porosity cube for Tengiz. Our cloud transform was applied to that cube to predict effective porosities fieldwide.
Hallager, W.S.; Robertson, B.; Chambers, K. [Tengizchevroil, San RAmon, CA (United States)] [and others
DOE/NE Sponsors a U.S. - Kazakhstan Civilian Nuclear Energy Workshop at
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Delicious RankCombustion |Energy UsageAUDITVehiclesTankless orAChiefAppropriation FYGStrategicSiteThreeDOE-Wide9Idaho
DOE/NE Sponsors a U.S. - Kazakhstan Civilian Nuclear Energy Workshop...
and severe accidents. Other areas of potential future cooperation include validation testing of modern simulation tools and education programs, especially the possibility for...
United States Department of Energy and the Republic of Kazakhstan Ministry
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May JunDatastreamsmmcrcalgovInstrumentsrucLasDelivered energy consumption by sectorlong version)Underground NaturalUnions, LANLŌĆ╣of Energy
U.S. Works With Kazakhstan to Stop Nuclear and Radioactive Material
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Delicious Rank EERE:YearRound-Up from theDepartment of Dept. of Energy, Office ofNuclear WeaponstoU.S.0:Wind
U.S. and Kazakhstan Strengthen Energy Ties During Secretary Bodman's Visit
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Delicious Rank EERE:YearRound-Up from theDepartment of Dept. of Energy, Office ofNuclearProtocolofProduction|
U.S., Kazakhstan Agree to Areas of Cooperation in Civil Nuclear Energy |
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Delicious Rank EERE:YearRound-Up from theDepartment of Dept. of Energy, OfficeDepartment ofSpain toU.S.-ChinaDepartment
Kazakhstan-Supporting RBEC Transition to Low-Emission Development | Open
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home5b9fcbce19 No revision hasInformation Earth's Heat JumpInc Place: EdenOverviewKanematsuKas Farms Wind FarmEconomies inEnergy
National independence and nonproliferation in the new states of Central Asia
Five independent states emerged in Central Asia from the breakup of the USSR. One of these states, Kazakhstan, possesses nuclear weapons. The other four of these states, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan, are not known to possess nuclear weapons, however they occupy a geostrategic position which makes them important to non-proliferation efforts. The present report profiles the capabilities and intentions of these four Central Asian states. The analysis of capabilities suggests that none of these states has the capability to develop a usable nuclear weapon. However, all of these countries-- especially Uzbekistan--have components of the old Soviet nuclear weapons complex which are now orphans. They have no use for these facilities and must either re-profile them, destroy them, or transfer them. The analysis of intentions suggests that the dynamics of national independence have created a situation in which Uzbekistan has hegemonic designs in the region. Implications for retarding nuclear proliferation in the Central Asian region are examined. Opportunities for outside influence are assessed.
Gleason, G.
Name School City Country 1 Lycee after Anania Shirakatsy Yerevan Armenia
Estonia 24 Unesco associated school "BEST" Almaty Kazakhstan 25 Unesco associated school "BEST" Almaty Kazakhstan 26 Unesco associated school "BEST" Almaty Kazakhstan 27 Unesco associated school "BEST" Almaty Kazakhstan 28 Unesco associated school "BEST" Almaty Kazakhstan 29 Unesco associated school "BEST" Almaty
Borissova, Daniela
The University of Chicago Department of Statistics
of plague among the great gerbils in Kazakhstan. The great gerbil populations constitute several natural foci to plague (caused by the bacteria Yersinia pestis) in Kazakhstan where the disease may with the Kazakhstan monitoring data. #12;
Stephens, Matthew
Court File No. 70075/10 SUPERIOR COURT OF JUSTICE
number CNS- 052431. 11. In 2005 and 2007, I was invited to Kazakhstan, and in 2006, I was invited. 12. My work in Kazakhstan led to my writing "Kazakhstan: The Sailau E-Voting System", a chapter
Jones, Douglas W.
Special Supplement to the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
can be found in Russia, Kazakhstan, and the Sahel region.amounts occurred in Kazakhstan during 1¢19 April. On 12Leba- non, Syria, western Kazakhstan, Armenia, Georgia, and
Rodell, M; Chambers, D; Famiglietti, J S
Pastoralist Mobility and Social Controls In Inner Asia: Experiments Using Agent-Based Modeling
Periods in Southeastern Kazakhstan (Zhetysu). Sweet BriarPatterns in Post-Soviet Kazakhstan. In Rangelands of CentralChina, and eastern Kazakhstan (Cioffi-Revilla et al. , 2007;
Rogers, J. Daniel
Society to 2050 AD: Anthropological Forecasts Extrapolating Correlates of Modernization
Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Dev elop V1Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Soc NumJamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati V678 Rec V744
Denton, Trevor
Use and analysis of new optimization techniques for decision theory and data mining
Dom. Rep. Dom. Rep. Dom. Rep. Kazakhstan Dom. Rep. Czech RepRussia Russia Russia Russia Kazakhstan Dom. Rep. Costa RicaBB- Ba3 Uruguay BBB- Kazakhstan B+ Ba3 Venezuela B Korea Rep
Moreno Centeno, Erick
The current state of the Russian reduced enrichment research reactors program
During the last year after the 16-th International Conference on Reducing Fuel Enrichment in Research Reactors held in October, 1993 in Oarai, Japan, the conclusive stage of the Program on reducing fuel enrichment (to 20% in U-235) in research reactors was finally made up in Russia. The Program was started late in 70th and the first stage of the Program was completed by 1986 which allowed to reduce fuel enrichment from 80-90% to 36%. The completion of the Program current stage, which is counted for 5-6 years, will exclude the use of the fuel enriched by more than 20% from RF to other countries such as: Poland, Czeck Republick, Hungary, Roumania, Bulgaria, Libya, Viet-Nam, North Korea, Egypt, Latvia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan. In 1994 the Program, approved by RF Minatom authorities, has received the status of an inter-branch program since it was admitted by the RF Ministry for Science and Technical Policy. The Head of RF Minatom central administrative division N.I.Ermakov was nominated as the Head of the Russian Program, V.G.Aden, RDIPE Deputy Director, was nominated as the scientific leader. The Program was submitted to the Commission for Scientific, Technical and Economical Cooperation between USA and Russia headed by Vice-President A. Gore and Prime Minister V. Chemomyrdin and was given support also.
Aden, V.G.; Kartashov, E.F.; Lukichev, V.A. [and others
.05.2013 www.kobecufs.ac.jp KAZAKHSTAN Kazakh-American University 16.12.2011 www.kau.kz KAZAKHSTAN KazGAS/IEC 10.05.2012 www.kazgasa.kz KAZAKHSTAN JSC Astana Medical University 22.10.2012 www.amu.kz KAZAKHSTAN West-Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov state Medical University 03.03.2014 www.zkgmu.kz KAZAKHSTAN Kostanay
Micropatterned co-cultures of T-lymphocytes and epithelial cells as a model of mucosal immune system
for Biotechnology of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan a r t i c l e i n f o Article history
Revzin, Alexander
Unbiased Estimation of Reliability in StressStrength Model and Similar Problems
Petersburg, Russia VASSILY G. VOINOV Kazakhstan Institute of Management, Economics and Strategic Research, Almaty, Kazakhstan Abstract: Some problems related to an application of the unbiased estimators
A supermatrix analysis of genomic, morphological, and paleontological data from crown Cetacea
the late Oligocene of Kazakhstan. J Vertebr Paleontol 2000,SC USA: SC USA: SC USA: SC Kazakhstan USA: SC* New Zealand
Geisler, Jonathan H; McGowen, Michael R; Yang, Guang; Gatesy, John
COUNTRY INSTITUTION DATE WEB ADDRESS AFGHANISTAN Kabul University 07.04.2008 http://www.ku.edu.af
://www.sophia.ac.jp KAZAKHSTAN Farabi Kazakh National University 21.12.2006 http://www.kazsu.kz #12;KAZAKHSTAN Kazakh
Environmental Challenges of Climate-Nuclear Fusion: A Case Study of India
Vol. 29:129 dom, 94 Kazakhstan, 95 Namibia, 96 and Mongolia.between India and Kazakhstan (Jan. 24, 2009), available at
Badrinarayan, Deepa
25615Federal Register / Vol. 71, No. 83 / Monday, May 1, 2006 / Notices SUMMARY: This notice announces
, Protection of Intellectual Property in Kazakhstan. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION, CONTACT: Marideth Sandler, protection of intellectual property rights in Kazakhstan. The Petitioners were the AFL
Role of the sediments in scavenging inorganic contaminants in the Syr Daria River and the Small Aral Sea (Kazakhstan)
Role of the sediments in scavenging inorganic contaminants in the Syr Daria River and the Small Particulate Material, Bottom Sediments, Trace Elements, Solid/Liquid Partitionning Abstract This study Material (SPM) and the Bottom Sediments (BS) of the Syr Daria River in its Kazakh course, including its
Boyer, Edmond
Phlogopite and Quartz Lamellae in Diamond-bearing Diopside from Marbles of the Kokchetav Massif Kazakhstan: Exsolution or Replacement Reaction
Exsolution lamellae of pyroxene in garnet (grt), coesite in titanite and omphacite from UHPM terranes are widely accepted as products of decompression. However, interpretation of oriented lamellae of phyllosilicates, framework silicates and oxides as a product of decompression of pyroxene is very often under debate. Results are presented here of FIB-TEM, FEG-EMP and synchrotron-assisted infrared (IR) spectroscopy studies of phlogopite (Phlog) and phlogopite + quartz (Qtz) lamellae in diamond-bearing clinopyroxene (Cpx) from ultra-high pressure (UHP) marble. These techniques allowed collection of three-dimensional information from the grain boundaries of both the single (phlogopite), two-phase lamellae (phlogopite + quartz), and fluid inclusions inside of diamond included in K-rich Cpx and understanding their relationships and mechanisms of formation. The Cpx grains contain in their cores lamellae-I, which are represented by topotactically oriented extremely thin lamellae of phlogopite (that generally are two units cell wide but locally can be seen to be somewhat broader) and microdiamond. The core composition is: (Ca{sub 0.94}K{sub 0.04}Na{sub 0.02})(Al{sub 0.06}Fe{sub 0.08}Mg{sub 0.88})(Si{sub 1.98}Al{sub 0.02})O{sub 6.00}. Fluid inclusions rich in K and Si are recognized in the core of the Cpx, having no visible connections to the lamellae-I. Lamellar-II inclusions consist of micron-size single laths of phlogopite and lens-like quartz or slightly elongated phlogopite + quartz intergrowths; all are situated in the rim zone of the Cpx. The composition of the rim is (Ca{sub 0.95}Fe{sub 0.03}Na{sub 0.02})(Al{sub 0.05}Fe{sub 0.05}Mg{sub 0.90})Si{sub 2}O{sub 6}, and the rim contains more Ca, Mg than the core, with no K there. Such chemical tests support our microstructural observations and conclusion that the phlogopite lamellae-I are exsolved from the K-rich Cpx-precursor during decompression. It is assumed that Cpx-precursor was also enriched in H{sub 2}O, because diamond included in the core of this Cpx contains fluid inclusions. The synchrotron IR spectra of such diamond record the presence of OH{sup -} stretching and H{sub 2}O bending motion regions. Lamellar-II inclusions are interpreted as forming partly because of modification of the lamellae-i in the presence of fluid enriched in K, Fe and Si during deformation of the host diopside; the latter is probably related to the shallower stage of exhumation of the UHP marble. This study emphasizes that in each case to understand the mechanism of lamellar inclusion formation more detailed studies are needed combining both compositional, structural and three-dimensional textural features of lamellar inclusions and their host.
L Dobrzhinetskaya; R Wirth; D Rhede; Z Liu; H Green
Calibrating the MKAR array using transfer functions
Developing regional discriminants (RDs) at any given seismic station requires a ground-truth database of waveforms from both earthquakes and explosions. Recently installed stations used for seismic monitoring have no single charge explosions on which to base discriminants. We have developed a procedure to map information from surrogate stations, having a long recording history, to newly installed operational stations. We investigated a method to compute transfer functions using known effective 13Ds for a database of earthquakes and explosions located near the Lop Nor nuclear test site and recorded at the KNET array in Kyrgyzstan. For specific source-station paths, transfer functions work well. However, preliminary analysis of India and Pakistan nuclear tests indicate strong azimuthal dependence in the construction of reliable transfer functions. The success of the preliminary work suggests we can apply the same technique to calibrate the recently installed MKAR array using the Global Seismic Network station MAKZ as a surrogate. Both MKAR, an 11-element array operational since 2000, and MAKZ (including its earlier counterpart MAK), operating very broadband instruments since 1994, are located in Eastern Kazakhstan and separated by 25 km. To perform the calibration requires additional considerations not taken into account during the initial investigation: (1) utilizing amplitude spectra, rather than using RDs, to calculate transfer functions; (2) computing transfer functions for a range of azimuths, as we believe the transfer function are azimuthally dependent; and (3) determining whether working with each array element separately or developing a single-input/multiple-output model will provide more stable results and better error estimates.
Renwald, M. D. (Marie D.); Taylor, S. R. (Steven R.); Wallace, Terry C.
RECENT ADVANCES in HEAT and MASS TRANSFER
Bashir Suleiman ,UNITED ARAB EMIRATES Dagmar Janacova, CZECH REPUBLIC Jonas Gylys, LITHUANIA Jurij Krope Ali Elghalban, PAKISTAN Andrejs Reinfelds, LATVIA Andris Buikis, LATVIA Asad Salem, UNITED STATES, UNITED STATES Milivoje Kostic, UNITED STATES Mohammadmasoud Azhdari moghaddam, IRAN Nenad Kazic
Kostic, Milivoje M.
Microsoft Word - Final Nuclear Materials Management and Safeguards...
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Enriched Uranium Imports Austria Belgium Taiwan Canada France Germany Italy Japan Kazakhstan Mexico Netherlands China Russia...
Duke University The Fuqua School of Business
-Founder Aika Alemi Astana, Kazakhstan Aika was born in Shymkent, Kazakhstan in 1970 and spent part of her music and piano matriculating at Zhubanov Music School in Zhambyl, Kazakhstan (now Taraz) in 1985. After. In 2006 Aika moved to Astana, the capital of Kazakhstan to join KazMunaiGas as Company Secretary
Reif, John H.
Contact: Christopher Dudley +1-305-456-1625
to Track Caspian Sea Sturgeons ATYRAU, KAZAKHSTAN--Scientists working in the Ural River, Kazakhstan, have and scientists from the Research and Production Center for the Fish Industry of the Republic of Kazakhstan satellite tagging to study Caspian Sea sturgeons. Kazakhstan has taken a giant leap forward
Miami, University of
Mathematical 2010, Volume 1, Number 1
(Russia), A.S. Dzu- madildaev (Kazakhstan), D.E. Edmunds (Great Britain), W.D. Evans (Great Britain), V (Germany), A. Hasanoglu (Turkey), P. Jain (India), T.Sh. Kalmenov (Kazakhstan), K.K. Kenzhibaev (Kaza (Russia), T. Mu- ramatu (Japan), E.D. Nursultanov (Kazakhstan), R. Oinarov (Kazakhstan), I.N. Parassidis
by Hugh Casey Independent
Russian Federation Kazakhstan Uzbekistan Turkmenistan Azerbaijan Georgia Black Sea Ukraine Belarus Estonia
Department of Languages and Cultures of Asia University of Wisconsin-Madison
opportunities. Ę The economy of Kazakhstan is larger than that of all other Central Asian countries combined, largely due to plentiful natural resources. Ę In terms of land area, Kazakhstan is the second largest republic of the former Soviet Union and is the ninth largest country in the world. Ę Kazakhstan`s
Wisconsin at Madison, University of
A new species of Archaeochrysa Adams (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) from the early Eocene of
/Kimmeridgian2 Karatau, Kazakhstan Mesypochrysa latipennis Martynov3 LIMN Oxfordian/Kimmeridgian2 Karatau, Kazakhstan Mesypochrysa makarkini Nel, Delcl"s, and Hutin4 LIMN Oxfordian/Kimmeridgian2 Karatau, Kazakhstan Mesypochrysa polyclada Panfilov3 LIMN Oxfordian/ Kimmeridgian2 Karatau, Kazakhstan Mesypochrysa reducta
Archibald, S. Bruce
Policy Messages How many students study abroad,
destinations include Russia, Turkey, Kazakhstan, Germany, and the USA. Looking at Turkey, for example Asia #12;Featured case studies Bolashak: a presidential scholarship programme in Kazakhstan Kazakhstan.They are all given jobs at state agencies and institutions in Kazakhstan, where they are required to work
Neil Calder Tel: 00 33 (0)6 14 16 41 75
approved the start of formal interactions with Kazakhstan as a potential new Party to the ITER Agreement Kazakhstan could participate as observers in meetings convened by the ITER Organization prior to possible
Making migration safer Policy Message
from China on the market of Almaty, Kazakhstan. Many labour migrants find job opportunities Central Asia show that Kyrgyz migrants working in Russia and Kazakhstan send home remittances worth 30 per
The ZEUS Collaboration S. Chekanov, M. Derrick, S. Magill, B. Musgrave, D. Nicholass 1 , J. Repond, R. Yoshida
.O. Zhautykov Institute of Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education and Science of Kazakhstan, Almaty, Kazakhstan V. Aushev 28 , Y. Aushev 28 , V. Bokhonov, G. Dolinska, O. Go
SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY COMMITTEE A.N. Skrinsky (chairman), Novosibirsk
.N. Korchuganov, KCSRNT, Moscow K.K Kadyrjanov , NNC of Kazakhstan, Almaty N.A. Timchenko, NPI, Tomsk C, Novosibirsk V.V. Kochak, FASI, Moscow A.N. Borisenko, NNC of Kazakhstan, Almaty B.G. Goldenberg, Budker INP
International Student and Scholar Enrollment & Statistical Report
Jamaica 8 Ukraine 11 Japan 57 United Arab Emirates 20 Jordan 45 United Kingdom 33 Kazakhstan 72 Uzbekistan
Ginzel, Matthew
Some integral geometry problems on Finsler and. Riemannian surfaces. Yernat M. Assylbekov. Institute of Mathematics Informatics and Mechanics. Kazakhstan.
Yernat M. Assylbekov
CAYLEY'S THEOREM FOR ORDERED GROUPS: O-MINIMALITY August 10, 2006
FOR INFORMATICS AND CONTROL PROBLEMS ALMATY, KAZAKHSTAN JOHN T. BALDWIN DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS, STATISTICS PROBLEMS ALMATY, KAZAKHSTAN It has long been known [4] that any group could be represented in a strongly AND CONTROL PROBLEMS ALMATY, KAZAKHSTAN JOHN T. BALDWIN DEP models of an o-minimal theory satisfy
Baldwin, John T.
The real gift to Stalin is neither the nuclear test nor the gifts that millions of Soviet children crafted for Stalin's 70th birthday.
camps, Kazakhstan received thousands of Jews in the 1930s and 1940s, alongside hundreds of thousands of victims of Stalinist repressions and wartime evacua- tion. Today's independent Kazakhstan is home to about, Kazakhstan is larger than Western Europe, rich in resources and in cultural and religious traditions
Huang, Jianyu
Serik Sagitov Bitrdande Professor
1997 spring: Consultant in restructuring at the trade company "BUTYA" (Almaty, Kazakhstan) 1995-1997: Part-time lecturer at the Kazak Institute of Economics and Management (Almaty, Kazakhstan) 1978, 1984-1997: Researcher at the Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mathematics, National Academy of Kazakhstan (Almaty
web page: http://w3.pppl.gov/~ zakharov Ignited Spherical Tokamaks for development of power reactor1
-0451 International Workshop on Experimental Performance of KTM Tokamak, Oct. 10, 2005, Astana, Kazakhstan, 2005 1 Tokamak, Astana, Kazakhstan, Oct. 10-12, 2005PRINCETON PLASMA PHYSICS LABORATORY PPPL 2 #12;Contents 1. Performance of KTM Tokamak, Astana, Kazakhstan, Oct. 10-12, 2005PRINCETON PLASMA PHYSICS LABORATORY PPPL 3 #12
Zakharov, Leonid E.
http://w3.pppl.gov/~ development
Ł0451 International Workshop on Experimental Performance of KTM Tokamak, Oct. 10, 2005, Astana, Kazakhstan, 2005 1 Tokamak, Astana, Kazakhstan, Oct. 10Ł12, 2005 PRINCETON PLASMA PHYSICS LABORATORY PPPL 2 #12; Contents 1. Performance of KTM Tokamak, Astana, Kazakhstan, Oct. 10Ł12, 2005 PRINCETON PLASMA PHYSICS LABORATORY PPPL 3
309ANTHROPOZOOLOGICA 2013 48 (2) Publications Scientifiques du Musum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. Pazyryk culture,
of Berel'(Kazakhstan). Selection criteria and slaughter procedures Lepetz S. 2013. -- Horse sacrifice in a Pazyryk culture kurgan: the princely tomb of Berel'(Kazakhstan). Selection criteria and slaughter of a Pazyryk frozen prince's tomb in Berel'(Alta', Kazakhstan) led to the unearthing of a funerary chamber
Volume 18 Numbers 2, 3, & 4, 2008 (Mis)reading Borat: The Risks of Irony in the Digital Age
of America for Make Benefit Glorious Nation of Kazakhstan (2006) highlights both the appeal of broad ethnic American news-source to realise [sic] that the world is laughing at America, not Kazakhstan. #12;Anonymous, slandering, defrauding, and deceiving the targets of his mockery--including the entire nation of Kazakhstan
Brief report Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 5X(X): xxx-xxx, 201X doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4202/app.2011.0143
.2011.0143 A new eutherian mammal from the Late Cretaceous of Kazakhstan ALEXANDER AVERIANOV, J. DAVID Sea region, Kazakhstan, is attributed to a new taxon of Zhelestidae, Zhalmouzia bazhanovi, gen. et sp Kazakhstan. Zhalmouzia gen. nov. belongs to the endemic clade of Middle Asian zhelestids (Zhelestinae
Archibald, J. David
Agreements --Asia 51 52 Atlas of International Freshwater Agreements
in Country Countries km2 % Kazakhstan 424,400 34.46 Uzbekistan 382,600 31.07 Tajikistan 135,700 11.01 Date TreatyBasin Signatories Treaty Name May 7, 1999 Syr Darya Kazakhstan, Republic of; Kyrgz Republic in the agreement between the governments of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, and the Republic
Wolf, Aaron
of Kazakhstan is larger than that of all other Central Asian countries combined, due largely to plentiful natural resources. Ę In area, Kazakhstan was the second largest republic of the former Soviet Union region. Ę UW-Madison recently signed an agreement with the New University of Astana (Kazakhstan
Sheridan, Jennifer
Model-based Bayesian Seismic Monitoring
notable in the U.S. and Kazakhstan, where NET-VISA finds atRegion Japan U.S. Italy Kazakhstan LEB NET-VISA Precision36 to 48 ROM bulletin (ISC) Kazakhstan 46 to 86 40 to 55 NNC
Arora, Nimar S.
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 169188, 2012 www.atmos-chem-phys.net/12/169/2012/
) observed two biomass burning plumes orig- inating from North-Western Asia (Kazakhstan) and South- Eastern and satellite measure- ments, we estimate that the Kazakhstan plume is responsible for increases of O3 and CO much dispersion, results in a broad plume structure from the Kazakhstan fires that is approximately 2
Meskhidze, Nicholas
Vulpes corsac (Carnivora: Canidae) HOWARD O. CLARK, JR., JAMES D. MURDOCH, DARREN P. NEWMAN, AND CLAUDIO SILLERO-ZUBIRI
nearly all of the central Asian republics of Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Kazakhstan and its range deserti ab Jaco fluvio verus Irtim,'' USSR northern Kazakhstan, steppes between Ural and Irtysh rivers, now in Kazakhstan; further specified as ``near Petro- pavlovsk'' for Vulpes corsak corsak by Ognev
Hayssen, Virginia
PII S0016-7037(98)00266-X Evidence of fluid inclusions in metamorphic microdiamonds from the Kokchetav massif,
the Kokchetav massif, northern Kazakhstan K. DE CORTE,*1,2 P. CARTIGNY,3 V. S. SHATSKY,4 N. V. SOBOLEV,4 and M) Abstract--Microdiamonds from garnet clinopyroxenites of the Kokchetav massif (northern Kazakhstan in ultra-high pressure metamorphic (UHPM) rocks from the Kokchetav massif, northern Kazakhstan (Sobolev
Cartigny, Pierre
National Center for Digital Government National Center for Digital Government
-545-1108 www.umass.edu/digitalcenter September 28, 2007 NCDG Hosts Officials from Kazakhstan The National Kazakhstan on Wednesday, September 26, 2007. Amherst, MAŁ The National Center for Digital Government (NCDG) welcomed a delegation of business and government leaders from the Republic of Kazakhstan on Wednesday
Schweik, Charles M.
(Data in thousand metric tons, gross weight, unless otherwise noted) Domestic Production and Use: In 2002, the United States consumed about 14% of world chromite ore production in
-2001): Chromium contained in chromite ore and chromium ferroalloys and metal: South Africa, 50%; Kazakhstan, 20, Kazakhstan, and South Africa) accounted for about 76% of world production. South Africa alone accounts States -- -- -- 7,000 India 1,680 1,900 18,000 39,000 Kazakhstan 2,050 2,300 410,000 410,000 South Africa
8 | harriman magazine By ROnALD MEyER
for just over a year now, stationed in both Washington, D.C., and Almaty, Kazakhstan. What is the mission about economic development in Kazakhstan. The article you're referring to was an op-ed I produced for the EUROBAK (European Business Association of Kazakhstan) Global Monitor, a business magazine based
Qian, Ning
WP 1344 A small macro econometric model for Kazakhstan-00926223,version1-9Jan2014 #12;1 A small macro econometric model for Kazakhstan: a retrospective/CNRS, University of Lyon3 Abstract This paper presents a quarterly macro econometric model of the Kazakhstan
- 2006 #12;Kayum Mukhamedkhanov became a legend in his lifetime, a dignified citizen of Kazakhstan and a profound scholar whose research is held in highest regard today in Kazakhstan. During the political of Kazakhstan and the founder of scholarly research on Abai, an educator and a writer, a poet and a translator
Vonessen, Nikolaus
, the former metropolis, and in Kazakhstan. Based on field studies, this article analyzes this post (Kazakhstan, Kirghizstan, Ouzbķkistan, Tadjikistan, Kirghizstan), les oasis turkestanaises s'insĶrent dans les'autres fondent leur essor contemporain sur les ķchanges et les investissements internationaux, tels le Kazakhstan
Z .Chemical Geology 176 2001 265281 www.elsevier.comrlocaterchemgeo
of metamorphic microdiamonds from the Kokchetav massif, Kazakhstan: a nitrogen and carbon isotopic study Pierre ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks of the Kokchetav massif in Kazakhstan. Both alluvial diamonds and in . Microdiamonds in the last context occur in metamorphic rocks from the ZKokchetav massif in Kazakhstan Sobolev
Synchrotron infrared and Raman spectroscopy of microdiamonds from Erzgebirge, Germany
of Kazakhstan and the Western Gneiss Region of Norway, and differentiates them from other nitrogenŁMesozoic collisional orogenic belts of Kazakhstan (Kokchetav massif), China (Dabie and Qiadam territories), Norway concentration similar to that of Kazakhstan. In both localities, the diamonds are well preserved, although some
Dairy Sci. Technol. 88 (2008) 327340 Available online at: c INRA, EDP Sciences, 2008 www.dairy-journal.org
bactrianus, Camelus dromedarius and hybrids) milk in Kazakhstan Gaukhar Konuspayeva1 , ╔milie Lemarie2, 050073, Almaty, Kazakhstan 2 UMR Qualisud, CIRAD, TA B-95/16, 73 rue J.-F. Breton, 34398 Montpellier regions of Kazakhstan were determined, in different seasons and with different camel species (Bactrian
Ingush Grammar
209) A: Kazaxstaan dy yz? Kazakhstan D.be. PRS 3s B: DearaPRS = CUM A: Was this in Kazakhstan? B: No, of course not,So Kazaxstaanie jeai 1s Kazakhstan. ADV J.be born. NW .J I
Nichols, Johanna
United States and Latvian Governments Sign Agreement to Allow...
Office of Environmental Management (EM)
Raimonds Vejonis signed the agreement, which will provide for repatriation to Russia of SovietRussian-origin nuclear fuel from Latvia's shutdown research reactors at...
The power of the family
Republic Latvia Belgium Uruguay Netherlands Australia CanadaAustria Canada Ireland Uruguay Portugal Singapore HungaryMexico Pakistan France Uruguay Ukraine Spain Italy Poland
Alesina, Alberto; Giuliano, Paola
Denmark, Estonia, Spain, Finland, France, Great Britain,ties Croatia Algeria Finland Sweden Latvia Czech RepublicRep. South Africa (Union of) Finland Korea Mexico Bangladesh
E-Print Network 3.0 - austria telekanal hakkab Sample Search...
Turkey Czech Republic Romania Romania Riga Latvia Luxembourg Luxembourg... Potsdam Germany Austria Hungary Poland Russia Austria Czech ... Source: Applied Algebra Group at Linz...
E-Print Network 3.0 - austria 25th june-7th Sample Search Results
E-Print Network 3.0 - austria Sample Search Results
http://onlinex.mit.edu/bigdata Registrations by Country
Cyprus Kazakstan Portugal Ukraine Czech Republic Kenya Puerto Rico United Arab Emirates Denmark Kuwait Qatar United Kingdom Ecuador Latvia Republic of Korea United States Vietnam #12;http
Jackson, Daniel
E-Print Network 3.0 - aivars aboltins aigars Sample Search Results
District Riga, Latvia Source: Massachusetts at Amherst, University of - Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Building Energy Efficiency Program Collection:...
Understanding Democratic Congruence: A Demand-Supply Perspective
Ireland Philippines India Croatia France Argentina Luxemb.S. Korea Domin. R. Jordan Croatia Latvia Morocco BrazilSlovenia Uruguay Mexico Croatia Brazil Domin. R. Cyprus
Welzel, Christian; Klingemann, Hans-Dieter
Latvia Australia N. Zealand Croatia Cyprus InsI Country 2Belgium Brazil Canada Chile Croatia Cyprus Denmark EstoniaAustria Belgium Canada Croatia Cyprus Denmark Estonia Israel
Physica A 362 (2006) 465470 Fractionally integrated process for transition economics
Engineering, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia b Center Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Croatia, Lithuania, Estonia and Latvia. All
Stanley, H. Eugene
Nordisk kernesikkerhedsforskning Norrnar kjarnryggisrannsknir
such as reprocessed enriched uranium and weapons grade plutonium provided different challenges and there were. Latvian Environment, Geology and Meteorology Centre, Latvia. jberzins at la
IIE Transactions (2007) 39, 314 Copyright C "IIE"
supports the Second Line of Defense (SLD) program of the US Department of Energy. The smuggling of nuclear Republic, Lithuania, Bulgaria, Kyrgyzstan, Georgia, Greece and France, and in the major- ity of the cases
Morton, David
International black tea market integration and price discovery
(2000) considered price relationships among three milk markets in Kyrgyzstan. They used cointegration analysis to see if milk market prices of two private sector and one government sector markets are integrated. They concluded that two private sector...
Dharmasena, Kalu Arachchillage Senarath Dhananjaya Bandara
U.S. Policy and the Future of Uzbekistan: Promoting Reform, Security, and Regional Stability
Capstone Briefing Bush School of Government and Public Service May 10, 2007 Game Structure ¢ 3 Moves Teams ¢ United (US), Russia (RF), Uzbekistan (UZ), Kyrgyzstan (KG), and Islamists Move One KarimovÆs plane down in Kyrgyz... and maintain military and political cooperation with UZ. GOAL MEANS 2 Kyrgyzstan Move 1 SITUATION MEANS 1 NEGATIVE RESULT President Karimov has disappeared, uncertainty is creating the potential for chaos. Treat as regional issue. Approach the Uzbeks...
Fusion Electricity A roadmap to the realisation of fusion energy
Fusion Electricity A roadmap to the realisation of fusion energy #12;28 European countries signed association EURaToM Ł University of latvia LATVIA lithuanian Energy Institute LITHUANIA Ministry of Education and Research ROMANIA Ministry of Education, science, culture and sport SLOVENIA centro de Investigaciones
Romania: Brand-New Engineering Solutions
The HEU spent nuclear fuel transport from Romania was a pilot project in the framework of the Russian Research Reactor Fuel Return Program (RRRFR), being the first fully certified spent nuclear fuel shipment by air. The successful implementation of the Romanian shipment also brought various new technology in the program, further used by other participating countries. Until 2009, the RRRFR program repatriated to the Russian Federation HEU spent nuclear fuel of Russian origin from many countries, like Uzbekistan, Czech Republic, Latvia, Hungary, Kazakhstan and Bulgaria. The means of transport used were various; from specialized TK-5 train for the carriage of Russian TUK-19 transport casks, to platform trains for 20 ft freight ISO containers carrying Czech Skoda VPVR/M casks; from river barge on the Danube, to vessel on the Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean. Initially, in 2005, the transport plan of the HEU spent nuclear fuel from the National Institute for R&D in Nuclear Physics and Nuclear Engineering 'Horia Hulubei' in Magurele, Romania considered a similar scheme, using the specialized TK-5 train transiting Ukraine to the destination point in the Russian Federation, or, as an alternative, using the means and route of the spent nuclear fuel periodically shipped from the Bulgarian nuclear power plant Kosloduy (by barge on the Danube, and by train through Ukraine to the Russian Federation). Due to impossibility to reach an agreement in due time with the transit country, in February 2007 the US, Russian and Romanian project partners decided to adopt the air shipment of the spent nuclear fuel as prime option, eliminating the need for agreements with any transit countries. By this time the spent nuclear fuel inspections were completed, proving the compliance of the burn-up parameters with the international requirements for air shipments of radioactive materials. The short air route avoiding overflying of any other countries except the country of origin and the country of destination also contributed to the decision making in this issue. The efficient project management and cooperation between the three countries (Russia, Romania and USA) made possible, after two and a half years of preparation work, for the first fully certified spent nuclear fuel air shipment to take place on 29th of June 2009, from Romanian airport 'Henri Coanda' to the Russian airport 'Koltsovo' near Yekaterinburg. One day before that, after a record period of 3 weeks of preparation, another HEU cargo was shipped by air from Romanian Institute for Nuclear Research in Pitesti to Russia, containing fresh pellets and therefore making Romania the third HEU-free country in the RRRFR program.
Ken Allen; Lucian Biro; Nicolae Zamfir; Madalina Budu
Global Nuclear Energy Partnership Inaugural Steering Group Meeting...
Broader source: Energy.gov (indexed) [DOE]
Italy, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Lithuania, Poland, Republic of Korea, Romania, Russia, Slovenia and Ukraine and three international organizations as observers in...
DOE to Remove 200 Metric Tons of Highly Enriched Uranium from...
of Energy and NTI Announce Key Nonproliferation Project with Kazakhstan U.S.-Russia Twenty-Year Partnership Completes Final Milestone in Converting 20,000 Russian Nuclear...
allosteric sites implications: Topics by E-print Network
from the active site. The propeller consists of seven Flp, Vilmos 18 Radionuclide Contamination at Kazakhstans Semipalatinsk Test Site: Implications on Human and...
Slide 1
Better Plants Initiative * Deliver International Activities in China, India, Turkey, Kazakhstan, Brazil Resource: * LBNL's China Energy Group works collaboratively with groups in...
RICHARD H. GRANT, Professor of Agro-micrometeorology, Department of Agronomy, Purdue University B.S. 1977 Duke University (Distinction) 1974-1977
Management Association International Solar Energy Society Gamma Sigma Delta honorary agriculture research, Hungary, India, Japan, Kazakhstan, Mauritania, Mexico, Morroco, Oman, Papua New Guinea, Peoples Republic
Jackson, Scott A.
Texas (DOEEA-1045) Disposition of Highly Enriched Oak Ridge Operations Office Fis Uranium Obtained from the Republic Dis of Kazakhstan, Y-12 Plant, Oak Ridge...
NNSA Blog | National Nuclear Security Administration
effort between the United States, Kazakhstan, Russia and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). In September 2014, approximately 10 kilograms (approximately 22...
The Geopolitics of Oil, Gas, and Ecology in the Caucasus and Caspian Sea Basin. 1998 Caucasus Conference Report.
Energy Agency, Caspian Oil and Gas. Paris: Energy Charterforecasting studies on oil and gas projects in Kazakhstan33 Map of oil and gas
Garcelon, Marc; Walker, Edward W.; Patten-Wood, Alexandra; Radovich, Aleksandra
Comparative Genomics of Mongolian Purebred and Hybrid Horses: Conserving an Important Breed
?s horse as the out group. In this tree the Mongolian horse was grouped closely with the Kyrgyzstan horse, Yakut, and Altai native horse. All three of these horse breeds are inner Asian breeds. The bootstrap values for the tree were low, less than 90..., shows the Mongolian purebred to be closely related to the other inner Asian horse breeds (Kyrgyzstan horse, Yakut, and Altai native horse) but not any of the common Western breeds. This is due to the Mongolian breed having founders? that were not 24...
Wright, Taryn
newsletternewsletter EUROPEAN FUSION DEVELOPEMENT AGREEMENT
. Bulgaria and Romania hope to do so in 2007. After earlier expansions from 6 to 15 members, we are now Republic, Hungary, Latvia and Romania. All of the Associations in the new MS and candidate countries
Renewable Energy Projections as Published in the National
, the Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom. For the following Member States 116 Germany 116 Estonia 116 Ireland 116 Greece 116 Spain 116 France 116 Italy 116 Cyprus 116 Latvia
A r c t i c Barents Sea
Ri Vychegda R U S S I AC A N A D A U.K.IRE. ICELAND NORWAY SWEDEN FINLAND LATVIA LITH. BELARUS UKRAINE POLAND DENMARK GERMANY EST. KAZ. JAPAN (DENMARK) Greenland (NORWAY) Svalbard (NORWAY) (NORWAY) CHINA UNITED
Martin, Jeff
Book Review. The 20th Century Libraries in the Baltic Sea Regions. Transactions of the National Library of Estonia
Æs treatment of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania is balanced and devoid of nationalistic Jingoism or patriotic bias. His conclusions reflect general patterns in the data, neither overstating nor understating similarities and differences. Arida...
Giullian, Jon C.
UNECE Timber Committee Market Discussions 8th October 2003
Ukraine Yugoslavia Croatia Hungary Million m3 Source: JP database, UNECE/FAO #12;12 0 2 4 6 8 1990 1992.8 1 1.2 Estonia Latvia Czech Lithuania Croatia Hungary Belarus Poland Slovakia Yugoslavia Slovenia
Cross-National Differences in Attitudes towards Homosexuality
20 th , Slovenia 21 st , Croatia 23 rd , Latvia 27 th ,In 11 countries (Chile, Croatia, Czech Republic, Mexico,Wrong at all DonÆt Know Croatia Always Wrong Almost Always
Smith, Tom W.
Groupe d'Analyse et de Thorie UMR 5824 du CNRS
PAPERS W.P. 04-11 Structural reforms, macroeconomic policies and the future of Kazakhstan economy Gilles;Structural reforms, macroeconomic policies and the future of Kazakhstan economy Gilles DUFRENOT (ERUDITE policies and reform strategies that foster economic growth and cut the strong ination rates through
The Lottery Problem Alewyn P Burger + , Werner R Grundlingh # & Jan H van Vuuren #
, Slovenia #35, 5, 5; k# Kansas #35, 6, 6; k# Hungary, Sweden #35, 7, 7; k# Kazakhstan, Yugoslavia #36, 5, 5, Pennsylvania #39, 5, 5; k# Croatia #39, 7, 7; k# Czech Republic #40, 5, 5; k# Ghana, Kazakhstan, Louisiana, New
van Vuuren, Jan H.
The Lottery Problem Alewyn P Burger
35, 6, 6; k Hungary, Sweden 35, 7, 7; k Kazakhstan, Yugoslavia 36, 5, 5; k Maine, New Hampshire Czech Republic 40, 5, 5; k Ghana, Kazakhstan, Louisiana, New Zealand, Per┬┤u 40, 6, 6; k Arizona 41, 6, 6
Mathematics Achievement Scale Score
Croatia 490 New Zealand 486 Spain 482 Romania 482 Poland 481 Turkey 469 Azerbaijan 463 Chile 462 Thailand Romania 505 Spain 505 Poland 505 TIMSS Scale Centerpoint 500 New Zealand 497 Kazakhstan 495 Norway 494 Kazakhstan 487 Sweden 484 Ukraine 479 Norway 475 Armenia 467 Romania 458 United Arab Emirates 456 Turkey 452
Central Asia IPM CRSP 2008-09 Annual Report 1 Ecologically-Based Participatory and Collaborative Research and
and Kyrgyzstan during 2007-2008, we selected the 10 most effective plant species for inclusion in farmer field and their impact on pest suppression in vegetables and cotton through a Farmer Field School approach. The study systems in collaboration with local farmers and NGOs. Ten species of nectar plants were introduced
14th Annual Conference Central Eurasian
: Islam and the State in Central Asia Contemporary Higher Education in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan Past, Present and Future of Gender Studies in Central Asia Osh Three Years After: Reordering and Remembering the City Turkey and the EU in the Post-Soviet Space: Security, Energy and Gender Session II 10:15 am - 12
Water 2009, 1, 1-x manuscripts; doi:10.3390/w10x000x Facts and Perspectives of Water Reservoirs in Central Asia: A
year i.e. three per cent of the region's GDP (Gross Domestic Product) from the poor water management their food security, to increase the agricultural production, to sustain the energy sectors and to protect generation. The upstream countries (Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan) favor the reservoirs operation for energy
Paris-Sud XI, Universit├® de
Impact Assessment of Climate Change on Glaciers and Runoff Using SWAT
, 1979-2007). The heaviest precipitation falls in the south of the river basin 10 where the Fedchenko glacier is located, while the lightest is in the north and northeast on the border with Kyrgyzstan. Most precipitation occurs in winter and spring...
Omani, Nina
Cleavages, social engagement and trust in post-communist euroupe
of the Siberian city of Novosibirsk presented similar findings as those in Kyrgyzstan (Busse 2001). Wealthy residents of Novosibirsk are able to put les into the local social capital system while poor residents are forced to continue contributing to the social...
Rossbach, David Otto
The discussion on improving regu-latory approval for domestic resource
. The introductory letter in the report carries the headline "Cali- fornia Ranks with Bolivia, Lags Behind Kyrgyzstan jurisdictions worldwide, along- side regimes such as Bolivia, Mongolia, and Guatemala." Fred McMahon, coor such as the alternative energy industry, a key component in the current administra- tion's recovery program
Hadly, Elizabeth
International Collaboration with the Shutdown of the BN-350 Reactor
Representatives from the United States and the United Kingdom discussed areas where collaboration on the shutdown of the BN-350 Reactor in Aktau, Kazakhstan would benefit not only Kazakhstan, but would also help to assure the successful shutdown of the reactor. A fundamental understanding of the basis for collaboration has been for each side to æadd valueÆ to each of the project areas, rather than simply substitute for each otherÆs experience. This approach has brought distinct technical and management benefits to the decommissioning activities in Kazakhstan.
J. A. Michelbacher; P.B. Wells; N. Organ; D. Wells
From Cold War to cold vessels
This article describes a former Soviet weapons plant which is converted to produce cryogenic vessels and other peaceful cylinders. In 1995, Byelocorp Scientific Inc. (BSI), a New York-based firm that specializes in transferring technologies developed in the former Soviet Union, began converting a huge military defense plant in Kazakhstan into civilian-industrial use. The nearly 750,000-square-foot factory in Almaty, the capital of the former Soviet republic, was previously used to manufacture torpedo shells and ballistic rocket casings. The old defense plant, which was known as Gidromash, will now manufacture cylinders of a kinder, gentler variety--cryogenic vessels. The Kazakhstan operation is being managed jointly with Supco Srl., an Italian manufacturing, engineering, and construction company. With financing from the US Department of Defense, BSI, Supco, and the Kazakhstan government, a new joint venture called Byelkamit (a combination of Byelocorp, Kazakhstan, America, and Italy) was established.
Melrath, C.
Increasing Well Productivity in Gas Condensate Wells in Qatar's North Field
Condensate blockage negatively impacts large natural gas condensate reservoirs all over the world; examples include Arun Field in Indonesia, Karachaganak Field in Kazakhstan, Cupiagua Field in Colombia,Shtokmanovskoye Field in Russian Barents Sea...
Miller, Nathan
Costa Rica Cote dIvoire Croatia Jordan Denmark KazakhstanCosta Rica Cote dÆIvoire Croatia Denmark Dominican RepublicArgentina China Costa Rica Croatia Egypt India Jordan
The past, present, and future of Leishmania genomics and transcriptomics
, Peru Leishmania infantum V, C Old World: Afghanistan, Alba Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulg China, Cyprus, Croatia, Egypt, Iraq, Iran, Israel, Italy, Libyan Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Leban Mauritania, Monaco, Monten Portugal, Syria, Romania, Sen Spain, Sudan...
Cantacessi, Cinzia; Dantas-Torres, Filipe; Nolan, Matthew J.; Otranto, Domenico
1/21/13 3:57 PMFactiva Page 1 of 3http://global.factiva.com.libproxy.mit.edu/hp/printsavews.aspx?pp=Print&hc=Publication
dependent on oil imports from unstable regions, and their dependence will constrain U.S. foreign-policy (Britain, France, Poland, Russia), Latin America (Argentina, Brazil) and Asia (China, Kazakhstan, India
Deutch, John
COST ACTON A22: Exploring New Ways to Explore the Future www.costa22.org COST Action A22
Technology and Innovation, Denmark Technology Foresight inside: ĘEnergy ĘAgriculture ĘBiotechnologies/08/2003 Switzerland 14/07/2004LithuaniaFinland 06/08/2003 Sweden 11/06/2003LatviaEstonia 20/11/2003 Spain 25 and the context of sustainability will necessitate a cross- disciplinary approach in drawing experience
A Report on Surgery 101: The first 100,000 downloads What is Surgery 101?
Republic of 21 Eritrea 3 United Arab Emirates 460 France 123 Latvia 21 Zambia 3 Singapore 432 Turkey 116 Region Downloads % United States 39,870 39 Canada 17,854 18 United Kingdom 12,058 12 Asia 8,255 8 Europe #12;Worldwide download data in detail Country # Country # Country # Country # United States 39
MacMillan, Andrew
Job 4459300 Ref.No. Prepd. CHP/GEA
Auditing of Buildings and Inspection of Boilers and Air- conditioning Systems Final report Institutional in large buildings 5 2.2 Article 8, Inspection of boilers 6 2.3 Article 9, Inspection of air-conditioning, responsibility for buildings, boilers and air-con systems in Latvia is divided as illustrated below
Energy saving policy and emission decreasing
,9648,2787,4016,6985,9Electricity consumption E (TWh)3 13,8510,858,1085,7814,32GDP (bill. LVL)2 56765GDP grows (% per year)1Energy saving policy and emission decreasing Latvian experienceLatvian experience Dr. A. Davis, M of fuelNr. Table1. Primary energy consumption in Latvia #12;Introduction Table 2. Formation of pollutants
Netherlands Republic of Moldova The European tobacco control report 2007 pagepage 9 Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, the Republic of Moldova, Netherlands,Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Republic of Moldova Romania Russian Federation Serbia Slovakia Slovenia The European tobacco control report 2007 page
Copyright 2009. The Trustees of Columbia University in the City of New York. Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), the World
LATVIA POLAND RUSSIA UKRAINE GRUMPv1 Copyright 2009. The Trustees of Columbia University in the City of New York. Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University, Columbia University. Available at:http://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/gpw/ ┬┤ 0 75 150 Km Lambert Azimuthal
Columbia University
Danish Energy Authority Final Report
Danish Energy Authority Final Report Implementation of the EU directive on the energy performance of buildings: Development of the Latvian Scheme for energy auditing of buildings and inspection of boilers Final Report Implementation of the EPB directive in Latvia: Development of the Latvian Scheme for energy
ICTP Public Information Office Page 1 26/03/2014 Country Total visitors Female visitors Person-months*
.19 Ukraine 55 25 33.24 United Arab Emirates 1 0 0.13 United Kingdom 279 47 125.13 United Republic of Tanzania.50 Kenya 36 12 43.07 Kuwait 3 1 0.66 Kyrgyzstan 1 0 0.46 Lebanon 9 3 4.24 Lesotho 1 0 0.46 Libyan Arab.94 Syrian Arab Republic 6 0 9.63 Thailand 14 6 4.77 the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 8 3 15.88 Togo
The Cost of Improving Gas Supply Security in the Baltic States
to replace a failed compressor station on a transmission pipeline; 12 most disruptions caused by pipeline failures could be repaired in a week or less. A failure of the Latvian underground storage could potentially disrupt supply to Estonia and Latvia... it is important to note that both types of disruptions have the same practical consequences. For example in the Baltic States, an accidental pipeline explosion or compressor failure would interrupt gas supply to district heating plants, just as a voluntary...
Noel, Pierre; Findlater, Sachi; Chyong, Chi Kong
The tropics may be defined as the region between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of1 Capricorn (i.e., within 23.5E N and S latitude), or according to ecozone, based on temperature,
transiting from socialism. Among the top1 30 countries ranked by 1994 per capita GDP, only four small million in 1994. Of these, 27 are outside of Europe. The richest of these are Turkemenistan (1994 GDP per income levels to natural resources, energy in the cases of Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan, and diamonds
Microsoft Word - FY07AnnualReport.doc
TENDER: Grants for Partizipation University of Siegen (Germany) and Qafqaz University (Azerbaijan)
for Partizipation University of Siegen (Germany) and Qafqaz University (Azerbaijan) International Summer School "Security Issues in the South Caucasus and Central Asia" at Siegen (Germany) from August 12th with participants from Azerbaijan, Georgia, Germany and Kazakhstan will focus on security issues arising from
Siegen, Universit├żt
A new genus of nemonychid weevil from Burmese amber (Coleoptera, Curculionoidea)
of the subfamily in the Asian continent, other compression fossils exist at least from the Yixian Formation of China and the Karatau site of Kazakhstan which may also deserve placement within this group. Although several important areas of the body are obscured...
Davis, Steven Ray; Engel, Michael S.
Chemistry Professor Larry Anderson teaches his students to look at the big picture when it comes to research about
a doctoral program in environmental studies. Kazakhstan is rich in petroleum, natural gas and minerals, but has developed little of these valuable natural resources. The country has very few environmental. For any country, examining both the pros and cons of potential energy policies is important before
DOE Accepted Carriers Date: April 8, 2008 POC: Dave Lopez, MA-30
Airline 24 Air Arabia United Arab Emirates ICAO Designated Cat 1 Carrier 25 Air Astana Kazakhstan IATA Inc United States DoD-Accepted Air Carrier 36 Air Charters Inc United States DOE-Accepted Charter 37 with United Airlines & IATA Member 39 Air Creebec, Inc. Canada ICAO Designated Cat 1 Carrier 40 Air Deccan
FBP-DOE PPPO 17Aug2012
share continues to grow U.S. 3.1% South Africa 0.9% Niger 6.8% Others 4.0% Canada 15.6% Australia 10.6% Namibia 7.3% Russia 5.9% Uzbekistan 4.2% Kazakhstan 37.6% China 2.5%...
Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 113:10241024, 2001 August 2001. The Astronomical Society of the Pacific. All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A.
, Ireland, Israel, Kazakhstan, Mexico, the Netherlands, Northern Ireland, the United Kingdom, and the United conditions in these nonequilibrium plasmas. This meeting brought together developers of plasma emission codes, experts in atomic physics and radiation transport, and the observers who are working to unravel
Savin, Daniel Wolf
Emissions of black carbon, organic, and inorganic aerosols from biomass burning in North America and Asia in 2008
assessment of the impact of aerosols emitted from boreal forest fires on the Arctic climate necessitates) in summer 2008 and in those transported from Asia (Siberia in Russia and Kazakhstan) in spring 2008. We the microphysical properties of clouds [Lubin and Vogelmann, 2006]. Deposition of BC onto snow and ice changes
Jimenez, Jose-Luis
Supporting information for "Update of mercury emissions from China's primary zinc, lead and copper smelters, 2000-2010"
and copper smelters, 2000-2010" Submitted to ACP for Special Issue titled "Atmospheric Mercury Processes and copper production, respectively. The imported4 concentrates were collected from smelters with large Australia and Kazakhstan,7 while copper concentrates samples were from Chile, Australia, Mexico, Mongolia
By Stephen M. Jasinski Zinc was produced at 24 mines in the United (except for Japan) and improved in Europe. (USBM) from a voluntary survey on Lode-Mine
% from Zinc exports from China, Kazakhstan, North Production of Gold, Silver, Copper, Lead, and 1993 of and Colorado. U.S. mine production greatly refined zinc to reach a record high of 1,230,000 exceeded smelter stocks. Total world $619 million. stocks were 1,800,000 tons at yearend, which Three smelters produced
Initiatives for proliferation prevention program : goals, projects, and opportunities
The mission of the U.S. Department of Energy Initiatives for Proliferation Prevention (IPP) Program is to identify and create commercial opportunities for former weapons scientists currently or formerly involved with weapons of mass destruction in the Former Soviet Union (FSU). IPP was first authorized in Fiscal Year 1994 under Section 575 of Public Law 103-87. IPP currently sponsors 164 projects in Russian at 64 institutes; 16 projects in the Ukraine at 14 institutes; 14 projects in Kazakhstan at 10 institutes; and one project in Belarus. To date, the IPP program has engaged over 10,000 experts in the areas of nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons and missile development at more than 170 institutes in Russia, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, and Belarus.
Hemberger, P. H. (Philip H.)
Keahole Solar Power | Open Energy Information
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data CenterFranconia, Virginia: Energy Resources Jump to:46 - 429 Throttled (botOpen6 ClimateKamas, Utah:Kaufman County,Kazakhstan
Proceedings of the Radionuclide Contamination in Water Resources Workshop
A workshop entitled ''Radionuclide Contamination in Water Resources'' was held in Almaty, Kazakhstan from Tuesday 29 May through Friday 1 June. This workshop was co-sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, and three organizations from the Republic of Kazakhstan: the Institute of Nonproliferation, the Institute of Hydrogeology and Hydrophysics, and KazAtomProm. Representatives from the U.S. Department of Energy, three national laboratories, and 13 different organizations from the Republic of Kazakhstan attended the workshop. A complete list of attendees, the workshop program, and information on the background and motivation for this workshop are provided in this report. The objective of the workshop was to identify critical problems, discover what is known about the problems related to radionuclide contamination of groundwater resources, form collaborative teams, and produce a small number proposals that both address further characterization and assess risk via contaminant fate and transport modeling. We plan to present these proposals to U.S. government agencies and international sponsors for funding.
Richardson, J H; Duisebayev, B; Janecky, D R; Knapp, R; Rosenburg, N D; Smith, D K; Tompson, A F B; Tyupkina, O; Veselov, V V
Presidentialism, Parliamentarism, and Democracy Reconsidered
through regular elections and guarantee civil liberties, thereby reducing political violence (Kitschelt 1986). Within a similar line of studies, scholars note that resources are essential to sustain and mobilize violent activities (Dalton, Sickle... Violence Albania 1998 999 1.41 Latvia 1996 1200 1.81 Argentina* 1995 1079 1.68 Lithuania 1997 1009 1.82 Armenia 1997 2000 1.85 Macedonia 1998 995 1.67 Australia 1995 2048 1.63 Moldova 1996 984 2.13 Bangladesh 1996 1525 1.13 New Zealand 1998 1201 1.60 Brazil...
Yeh, Yao-Yuan
Control And Data Acquisition System Of Tokamak KTM
The preliminary results of control and data acquisition system (CODAS) development for Kazakhstan tokamak for material testing (KTM) [1] are presented. The KTM CODAS is completely new system optimized for KTM facility and its regimes of operation. Its development is carrying out in Tomsk Polytechnic University by Russian specialists. The first KTM launching under the control of CODAS is planed on 2008 year. The base functionality of CODAS is presented, including short description of its subsystems, such as control system of conditioning process, plasma control system, digital control system of power supplies, protection and timing system, data acquisition system.
Baystrukov, K. I.; Pavlov, V. M.; Sharnin, A. V.; Obhodskij, A. V.; Merkulov, S. V.; Golobokov, Y. N.; Mezentsev, A. A.; Ovchinnikov, A. V. [Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050, Lenin ave. 30 (Russian Federation); Tazhibaeva, I. L. [National Nuclear Center (Kazakhstan)
ICTP Public Information Office Page 1 12/05/2011 Country Total visitors Female visitors Person-months*
.05 United Arab Emirates 2 1 2.50 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 154 24 92.15 United.71 Kazakhstan 2 0 0.99 Kenya 31 4 53.88 Kuwait 3 0 0.49 Lebanon 8 2 15.32 Lesotho 2 0 0.46 Libyan Arab Person-months* Sudan 27 10 80.28 Swaziland 1 0 0.46 Sweden 29 6 8.38 Switzerland 77 15 16.70 Syrian Arab
Evaluation of Solar Grade Silicon Produced by the Institute of Physics and Technology: Cooperative Research and Development Final Report, CRADA Number CRD-07-211
NREL and Solar Power Industries will cooperate to evaluate technology for producing solar grade silicon from industrial waste of the phosphorus industry, as developed by the Institute of Physics and Technology (IPT), Kazakhstan. Evaluation will have a technical component to assess the material quality and a business component to assess the economics of the IPT process. The total amount of silicon produced by IPT is expected to be quite limited (50 kg), so evaluations will need to be done on relatively small quantities (? 5 kg/sample).
Page, M.
Kearney County, Nebraska: Energy Resources | Open Energy Information
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data CenterFranconia, Virginia: Energy Resources Jump to:46 - 429 Throttled (botOpen6 ClimateKamas, Utah:Kaufman County,KazakhstanKearney
Kearny County, Kansas: Energy Resources | Open Energy Information
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data CenterFranconia, Virginia: Energy Resources Jump to:46 - 429 Throttled (botOpen6 ClimateKamas, Utah:Kaufman County,KazakhstanKearneyKearny
The Republic of Kazakhstan is continuing to develop its extensive petroleum reserves in the Tengiz region of the northeastern part of the Caspian Sea. Large quantities of by-product sulfur are being produced as a result of the removal of hydrogen sulfide from the oil and gas produced in the region. Lack of local markets and economic considerations limit the traditional outlets for by-product sulfur and the buildup of excess sulfur is a becoming a potential economic and environmental liability. Thus, new applications for re-use of by-product sulfur that will benefit regional economies including construction, paving and waste treatment are being developed. One promising application involves the cleanup and treatment of mercury at a Kazakhstan chemical plant. During 19 years of operation at the Pavlodar Khimprom chlor-alkali production facility, over 900 tons of mercury was lost to the soil surrounding and beneath the buildings. The Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Benefication (Almaty) is leading a team to develop and demonstrate a vacuum-assisted thermal process to extract the mercury from the soil and concentrate it as pure, elemental mercury, which will then be treated using the Sulfur Polymer Stabilization/Solidification (SPSS) process. The use of locally produced sulfur will recycle a low-value industrial by-product to treat hazardous waste and render it safe for return to the environment, thereby helping to solve two problems at once. SPSS chemically stabilizes mercury to mercuric sulfide, which has a low vapor pressure and low solubility, and then physically encapsulates the material in a durable, monolithic solid sulfur polymer matrix. Thus, mercury is placed in a solid form very much like stable cinnabar, the form in which it is found in nature. Previous research and development has shown that the process can successfully encapsulate up to 33 wt% mercury in the solid form, while still meeting very strict regulatory standards for leachable mercury (0.025 mg/l in the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure). The research and development to deploy Kazakhstan recycled sulfur for secondary applications described in this paper is being conducted with support from the International Science and Technology Center (ISTC) and the U.S. Department of Energy Initiatives for Proliferation Prevention (DOE IPP).
Enhancement of pulverized coal combustion by plasma technology
Plasma-assisted pulverized coal combustion is a promising technology for thermal power plants (TPP). This article reports one- and three- dimensional numerical simulations, as well as laboratory and industrial measurements of coal combustion using a plasma-fuel system (PFS). The chemical kinetic and fluid mechanics involved in this technology are analysed. The results show that a PFS, can be used to promote early ignition and enhanced stabilization of a pulverized coal flame. It is shown that this technology, in addition to enhancing the combustion efficiency of the flame, reduces harmful emissions from power coals of all ranks (brown, bituminous, anthracite and their mixtures). Data summarising the experience of 27 pulverized coal boilers in 16 thermal power plants in several countries (Russia, Kazakhstan, Korea, Ukraine, Slovakia, Mongolia and China), embracing steam productivities from 75 to 670 tons per hour (TPH), are presented. Finally, the practical computation of the characteristics of the PFS, as function of coal properties, is discussed.
Gorokhovski, M.A.; Jankoski, Z.; Lockwood, F.C.; Karpenko, E.I.; Messerle, V.E.; Ustimenko, A.B. [University of Rouen, Rouen (France)
SPECIAL SEMINAR - The NOTTE experiment, or how to become a Total Solar Eclipse chaser
The NOTTE experiment (Neutrino Oscillations with Telescope during Total Eclipse) aims at searching for visible photons emitted through a possible radiative decay of solar neutrinos. The experiment and the expeditions organized by a group of physicists and astrophysicists from INFN and INAF Bologna hunting for Total Solar Eclipses from 1998 to 2006 wil be described. The results of observations performed during total solar eclipse expeditions in 2001 (Zambia) and 2006 (Sahara desert, Libya) are presented and a beautiful photo gallery will be shown. Other peculiar observations that can be made during a solar eclipse are also illustrated. The seminar will be followed by a brief presentation of future camps for solar eclipse chasers and scientists organized in 2008 in Russia, Kazakhstan, China and Mongolia, in 2009 in Shanghai and on the Easter Island in 2010.
ScienceCinema (OSTI)
Cleaning Cesium Radionuclides from BN-350 Primary Sodium
This paper reports the successful design and operation of a system to remove highly radioactive cesium from the sodium coolant of the BN-350 reactor in Aktau, Kazakhstan. As an international effort between the United States and the Republic of Kazakhstan, a cesium-trapping system was jointly designed, fabricated, installed, and successfully operated. The results are significant for a number of reasons, including (a) a significant reduction of radioactivity levels of the BN-350 coolant and reactor surfaces, thereby reducing exposure to workers during shutdown operations; (b) demonstration of scientific ideas; and (c) the engineering application of effective cesium trap deployment for commercial-sized liquid-metal reactors. About 255 300 GBq (6900 Ci) of cesium was trapped, and the {sup 137}Cs specific activity in BN-350 primary sodium was decreased from 296 MBq/kg (8000 {mu}Ci/kg) to 0.37 MBq/kg (10 {mu}Ci/kg) by using seven cesium traps containing reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) as the cesium adsorbent. Cesium trapping was accomplished by pumping sodium from the primary circuit, passing it through a block of RVC within each trap, and returning the cleaned sodium to the primary circuit. Both to predict and to analyze the behavior of the cesium traps in the BN-350 reactor primary circuit, a model was developed that satisfactorily describes the observed results of the cesium trapping. By using this model, thermodynamic parameters, such as the heat of adsorption of cesium atoms on RVC and on internal piping surfaces of the BN-350 reactor primary circuit, -22.7 and -5.0 kJ/mole, respectively, were extracted from the experimental data.
Romanenko, O.G.; Allen, K.J.; Wachs, D.M.; Planchon, H.P.; Wells, P.B.; Michelbacher, J.A.; Nazarenko, P.; Dumchev, I.; Maev, V.; Zemtzev, B.; Tikhomirov, L.; Yakovlev, V.; Synkov, A
The northern Tien Shan of Central Asia is an area of active mid-continent deformation. Although far from a plate boundary, this region has experienced 5 earthquakes larger than magnitude 7 in the past century and includes one event that may as be as large as Mw 8.0. Previous studies based on GPS measurements indicate on the order of 23 mm/yr of shortening across the entire Tien Shan and up to 15 mm/year in the northern Tien Shan (Figure 1). The seismic moment release rate appears comparable with the geodetic measured slip, at least to first order, suggesting that geodetic rates can be considered a proxy for accumulation rates of stress for seismic hazard estimation. Interferometric synthetic aperture radar may provide a means to make detailed spatial measurements and hence in identifying block boundaries and assisting in seismic hazard. Therefore, we hoped to define block boundaries by direct measurement and by identifying and resolving earthquake slip. Due to political instability in Kyrgzystan, the existing seismic network has not performed as well as required to precisely determine earthquake hypocenters in remote areas and hence InSAR is highly useful. In this paper we present the result of three earthquake studies and show that InSAR is useful for refining locations of teleseismically located earthquakes. ALOS PALSAR data is used to investigate crustal motion in the Tien Shan mountains of Central Asia. As part of the work, considerable software development was undertaken to process PALSAR data. This software has been made freely available. Two damaging earthquakes have been imaged in the Tien Shan and the locations provided by ALOS InSAR have helped to refine seismological velocity models. A third earthquake south of Kyrgyzstan was also imaged. The use of InSAR data and especially L band is therefore very useful in providing groundtruth for earthquake locations.
Mellors, R J
Global threat reduction initiative Russian nuclear material removal progress
In December 1999 representatives from the United States, the Russian Federation, and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) started discussing a program to return to Russia Soviet- or Russian-supplied highly enriched uranium (HEU) fuel stored at the Russian-designed research reactors outside Russia. Trilateral discussions among the United States, Russian Federation, and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) have identified more than 20 research reactors in 17 countries that have Soviet- or Russian-supplied HEU fuel. The Global Threat Reduction Initiative's Russian Research Reactor Fuel Return Program is an important aspect of the U.S. Government's commitment to cooperate with the other nations to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons and weapons-usable proliferation-attractive nuclear materials. To date, 496 kilograms of Russian-origin HEU have been shipped to Russia from Serbia, Latvia, Libya, Uzbekistan, Romania, Bulgaria, Poland, Germany, and the Czech Republic. The pilot spent fuel shipment from Uzbekistan to Russia was completed in April 2006. (author)
Cummins, Kelly [DOE/NNSA (United States); Bolshinsky, Igor [INL/NNSA (United States)
Global analysis of data on the spin-orbit-coupled A {sup 1{Sigma}}{sub u}{sup +} and b {sup 3{Pi}}{sub u} states of Cs{sub 2}
We present experimentally derived potential curves and spin-orbit interaction functions for the strongly perturbed A {sup 1{Sigma}}{sub u}{sup +} and b {sup 3{Pi}}{sub u} states of the cesium dimer. The results are based on data from several sources. Laser-induced fluorescence Fourier transform spectroscopy (LIF FTS) was used some time ago in the Laboratoire Aime Cotton primarily to study the X {sup 1{Sigma}}{sub g}{sup +} state. More recent work at Tsinghua University provides information from moderate resolution spectroscopy on the lowest levels of the b {sup 3{Pi}}{sub 0u}{sup {+-}} state as well as additional high-resolution data. From Innsbruck University, we have precision data obtained with cold Cs{sub 2} molecules. Recent data from Temple University was obtained using the optical-optical double resonance polarization spectroscopy technique, and finally, a group at the University of Latvia has added additional LIF FTS data. In the Hamiltonian matrix, we have used analytic potentials (the expanded Morse oscillator form) with both finite-difference (FD) coupled-channel and discrete variable representation (DVR) calculations of the term values. Fitted diagonal and off-diagonal spin-orbit functions are obtained and compared with ab initio results from Temple and Moscow State universities.
Bai, Jianmei; Ahmed, E. H.; Beser, B.; Guan, Y.; Kotochigova, S.; Lyyra, A. M.; Ashman, S.; Wolfe, C. M.; Huennekens, J.; Xie, Feng; Li, Dan; Li, Li; Tamanis, M.; Ferber, R.; Drozdova, A.; Pazyuk, E.; Stolyarov, A. V.; Danzl, J. G.; Naegerl, H.-C.; Bouloufa, N. [Physics Department, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122 (United States); Department of Physics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015 (United States); Department of Physics and Key Lab of Atomic and Molecular Nanoscience, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (China); Laser Center, Department of Physics, University of Latvia, 19 Rains Blvd., Riga LV-1586 (Latvia); Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, GSP-2 Leninskie gory 1/3, Moscow RU-119992 (Russian Federation); Institut fuer Experimentalphysik und Zentrum fuer Quantenphysik, Universitaet Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck (Austria); Laboratoire Aime Cotton, CNRS, Universite Paris-Sud, Bat. 505, F-91405 Orsay Cedex (France); Department of Physics and Astronomy, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800 (United States)
BN-350 unattended safeguards system current status and initial fuel movement data
The Unattended and Remote Monitoring (UNARM) system at the BN-350 fast breeder reactor facility in Aktau, Kazakhstan continues to provide safeguards monitoring data as the spent fuel disposition project transitions from wet fuel storage to dry storage casks. Qualitative data from the initial cask loading procedures has been released by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and is presented here for the first time. The BN-350 fast breeder reactor in Aktau, Kazakhstan, operated as a plutonium-producing facility from 1973 W1til 1999. Kazakhstan signed the Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT) in February 1994, and shortly afterwards the IAEA began safeguarding the reactor facility and its nuclear material. Slnce the cessation of reactor operations ten years ago, the chief proliferation concern has been the spent fuel assemblies stored in the pond on-site. By 2002, all fuel assemblies in wet storage had been repackaged into proliferation-resistant canisters. From the beginning, the IAEA's safeguards campaign at the BN-350 included a constant unattended sensor presence in the form of UNARM which monitors nuclear material activities at the facility in the absence of inspector presence. The UNARM equipment at the BN-350 was designed to be modular and extensible, allowing the system to adapt as the safeguards requirements change. This has been particularly important at the BN-350 due to the prolonged wet storage phase of the project. The primary function of the BN-350 UNARM system is to provide the IAEA with an independent, radiation-centric Containment and Surveillance (C&S) layer in addition to the standard seals and video systems. The UNARM system has provided continuous Continuity of Knowledge (COK) data for the BN-350's nuclear material storage areas in order to ensure the validity of the attended measurements during the lifetime of the project. The first of these attended measurements was characterization of the spent fuel assemblies. This characterization utilized the Spent Fuel Coincidence Counter (SFCC) instrument [ref] to measure neutron multiplicity and calculate Pu mass. These calculated masses were then compared to modeling simulation of the assemblies as well as declarations from the facility in order to baseline the amount of material under IAEA safeguards [ref]. Once the baseline was established, bundles of four or six assemblies were repackaged into proliferati n-resistant canisters. This provided an additional physical barrier to material diversion and provided further protection by choosing assemblies for each canister so that the overall dose rate met self-protection requirements. Each of the canisters were then characterized using a similar technique to the SFCC, but with the Spent Fuel Attribute Monitor (SPAM) instnunent (ref). The data from these measurements were then used to calculate an attribute proportional to the total Pu mass in each canister. This attribute was then compared to the know Pu mass of each assembly in order to verify the accuracy of SPAM. In the event that COK is lost, the SPAM detector remains positioned to reverify Pu content of individual canisters without requiring the canister to be opened.
Williams, Richard Brady [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Browne, Michael C [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Parker, Robert F [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Ingegneri, Maurizio [IAEA
SILER: Seismic-Initiated events risk mitigation in Lead-cooled Reactors
SILER is a Collaborative Project, partially funded by the European Commission, aimed at studying the risk associated to seismic initiated events in Generation IV Heavy Liquid Metal reactors and developing adequate protection measures. The attention is focused on the evaluation of the effects of earthquakes (with particular regards to beyond design seismic events) and to the identification of mitigation strategies, acting both on structures and components design (as well as on the development of seismic isolation devices) which can also have positive effects on economics, leading to an high level of plant design standardization. Attention is also devoted to the identification of plant layout solutions able to avoid risks of radioactive release from both the core and other structures (i.e. the spent fuel storage pools). Specific effort is paid to the development of guidelines and design recommendations for addressing the seismic issue in next generation reactor systems. In addition, consideration will be devoted to transfer the knowledge developed in the project to Generation III advanced systems, in line with the objective of the SNE-TP SRA to support present and future Light Water Reactors and their further development, for which safety issues are key aspects to be addressed. Note, in this respect, that the benefits of base isolation in terms of response to design seismic actions are already widely recognized for Generation III LWRs, along with the possibility of a significant standardization of structural and equipment design. SILER activities started on October 1 st 2011 and are carried out by 18 partners: ENEA (Italy, Coordinator), AREVA NP SAS (France), SCK-CEN (Belgium), FIP Industriale (Italy), MAURER SOHENE (Germany), EC-JRC (Ispra (Italy)), SINTEC (Italy), KTH (Sweden), BOA-BKT (Germany), IDOM (Spain), ANSALDO (Italy), IPUL (Latvia), NUMERIA (Italy), VCE (Austria), SRS (Italy), CEA (France), EA (Spain), NUVIA (France). (authors)
Forni, M. [ENEA, Via Martin di Monte Sole 4, 40129 Bologna (Italy); De Grandis, S. [SINTEC, Via Santo Stefano 20, 40125 Bologna (Italy)
Studies of leukemia and thyroid disease among Chernobyl clean-up workers from the Baltics
Following the reactor accident at Chernobyl in late April of 1986, hundreds of thousands of men from throughout the former Soviet Union were sent to Chernobyl to entomb the damaged reactor, remove radioactive debris, and help decontaminate the local environment. They remained for an average of three months and were allowed to accumulate up to 25 cGy of radiation before being sent home. Doses for some workers may have exceeded the allowable limit. The experience of Chernobyl clean-up workers is potentially informative about cancer risk associated with protracted exposure to low levels of radiation. Cohorts of clean-up workers from the Baltic Republics were assembled for study, based on military records and other lists. The study population includes 4,833 men from Estonia 5,709 from Latvia and at least 5,446 from Lithuania, where a pilot study is underway. They are being monitored for cancer incidence through linkages with the corresponding national cancer registries. Biodosimetric assays, including fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) for chromosome translocation analysis and the glycophorin A (GPA) somatic cell mutation assay, are being used to supplement information about radiation doses from worker records and questionnaires. Thyroid screening examinations, including palpation, ultrasound and, selectively, fine-needle aspiration biopsies were performed on nearly 2,000 workers in the Estonian cohort (mean age, 40 y) during the spring of 1995, nine years after the reactor accident. The study is still in progress. Work began first in Estonia, and results presented here pertain to this subgroup except as otherwise noted. The average age at the time of arrival at Chernobyl was 31 years. 62% were sent in 1986. Possible reasons for the apparent absence or rarity of radiation-induced thyroid nodules include low and protracted doses, low susceptibility among men exposed as adults, and insufficient passage of time since the accident.
Inskip, P.D. [National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (United States); Tekkel, M.; Rahu, M. [Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Tallinn (Estonia)] [and others
New automated inventory/material accounting system (AIMAS) version for former Soviet Union countries
AIMAS (Automated Inventory/Material Accounting System) is a PC-based application for site-level nuclear material accountancy that was originally developed in the late 90's as a part of the U.S Department of Energy Assistance Program to Ukraine. Designed to be flexible and secure, plus place minimal demands on computing infrastructure, it was originally developed to run in early Windows operating system (OS) environments like W98 and W3.1. The development, support, and maintenance of AIMAS were transferred to Ukraine in 2002. Because it is highly flexible and can be configured to meet diverse end-user's needs, the software has been used at several facilities in Ukraine. Incorporating added functionality is planned to support nuclear installations in the Republic of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, as well. An improved 32-bit version of AIMAS has recently been developed to operate effectively on modern PCs running the latest Windows OS by AVIS, the Ukrainian developer. In the paper we discuss the status of AIMAS, plans for new functions, and describe the strategy for addressing a sustainable software life-cycle while meeting user requirements in multiple FSU countries.
Kuzminski, Jozef [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Ewing, Tom [ANL; Sakunov, Igor [AVIS CORP., KIEV, UKRAINE; Drapey, Sergey [GEORGE KUZMYCZ TRAINING; Nations, Jim [GREGG PROTECTION SERVICES
Growth mechanisms, polytypism, and real structure of kaolinite microcrystals
The mechanisms of growth of kaolinite microcrystals (0.1-5.0 {mu}m in size) at deposits related to the cluvial weathering crust, as well as to the low-temperature and medium-temperature hydrothermal processes of transformations of minerals in different rocks in Russia, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Czechia, Vietnam, India, Cuba, and Madagascar, are investigated using transmission electron microscopy and vacuum decoration with gold. It is established that kaolinite microcrystals grow according to two mechanisms: the mechanism of periodic formation of two-dimensional nuclei and the mechanism of spiral growth. The spiral growth of kaolinite microcrystals is dominant and occurs on steps of screw dislocations that differ in sign and magnitude of the Burgers vector along the c axis. The layered growth of kaolinite originates from a widespread source in the form of a step between polar (+ and -) dislocations, i.e., a growth analogue of the Frank-Read dislocation source. The density of growth screw dislocations varies over a wide range and can be as high as {approx}10{sup 9} cm{sup -2}. Layered stepped kaolinite growth pyramids for all mechanisms of growth on the (001) face of kaolinite exhibit the main features of the triclinic 1Tc and real structures of this mineral.
Samotoin, N. D., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Geology of Ore Deposits, Petrography, Mineralogy, and Geochemistry (Russian Federation)
Nuclear design of small-sized high temperature gas-cooled reactor for developing countries
Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) has started a conceptual design of a small-sized HTGR with 50 MW thermal power (HTR50S), which is a first-of-a-kind commercial or demonstration plant of a small-sized HTGR to be deployed in developing countries such as Kazakhstan in the 2020's. The nuclear design of the HTR50S is performed by upgrading the proven technology of the High Temperature Engineering Test Reactor (HTTR) to reduce the cost for the construction. In the HTTR design, twelve kinds of fuel enrichment was used to optimize the power distribution, which is required to make the maximum fuel temperature below the thermal limitation during the burn-up period. However, manufacture of many kinds of fuel enrichment causes increase of the construction cost. To solve this problem, the present study challenges the nuclear design by reducing the number of fuel enrichment to as few as possible. The nuclear calculations were performed with SRAC code system whose validity was proven by the HTTR burn-up data. The calculation results suggested that the optimization of the power distribution was reasonably achieved and the maximum fuel temperature was kept below the limitation by using three kinds of fuel enrichment. (authors)
Goto, M.; Seki, Y.; Inaba, Y.; Ohashi, H.; Sato, H.; Fukaya, Y.; Tachibana, Y. [Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 4002, Oarai-machi, Higashi Ibaraki-gun, Ibaraki-ken 311-1394 (Japan)
International Workshops to Foster Implementation of the IAEA Additional Protocol
A countryÆs adherence to the International Atomic Energy AgencyÆs (IAEA) Additional Protocol is an important statement to the world of that countryÆs commitment to nuclear nonproliferation. Without the Additional Protocol (AP) it is possible, as demonstrated in Iraq, for a country party to the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) to clandestinely work toward nuclear weapons and be undetected by the IAEA. This is because classical safeguards under the NPT are directed at diversion of nuclear material from declared activities. But a country may instead build undeclared activities to produce weapons-grade nuclear material. The AP is directed at detecting those undeclared activities. As of May 2003, 73 countries had signed the AP, but only 35 have entered into force. To further adherence to the AP, the IAEA has held regional, high-level seminars in Japan, South Africa, Kazakhstan, Peru, Romania, and Malaysia to explain AP provisions. To supplement these policy-level seminars, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has undertaken to develop a set of modules of technical competencies required to implement the AP. The intent is to work closely with the IAEA by providing these technical competencies to countries as well as to complement the IAEAÆs regional seminars and other outreach efforts. This paper briefly describes the technical competency modules.
Killinger, Mark H.; Coates, Cameron W.; Bedke, Michael L.
Structural model of uramarsite
The structural model of uramarsite, a new mineral of the uran-mica family from the Bota-Burum deposit (South Kazakhstan), is determined using a single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The parameters of the triclinic unit cell are as follows: a = 7.173(2) A, b = 7.167(5) A, c = 9.30(1) A, {alpha} = 90.13(7){sup o}, {beta} = 90.09(4){sup o}, {gamma} = 89.96(4){sup o}, and space group P1. The crystal chemical formula of uramarsite is: (UO{sub 2}){sub 2}[AsO{sub 4}][PO{sub 4},AsO{sub 4}][NH{sub 4}][H{sub 3}O] . 6H{sub 2}O (Z = 1). Uramarsite is the second ammonium-containing mineral of uranium and an arsenate analogue of uramphite. In the case of uramarsite, the lowering of the symmetry from tetragonal to triclinic, which is accompanied by a triclinic distortion of the tetragonal unit cell, is apparently caused by the ordering of the As and P atoms and the NH{sub 4}, H{sub 3}O, and H{sub 2}O groups.
Rastsvetaeva, R. K., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Russian Academy of Sciences, Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography (Russian Federation); Sidorenko, G. A. [All-Russia Research Institute of Mineral Resources (VIMS) (Russian Federation); Ivanova, A. G. [Russian Academy of Sciences, Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography (Russian Federation); Chukanov, N. V. [Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics (Russian Federation)
Natural mercury isotope variation in coal deposits and organic soils
There is a need to distinguish among sources of Hg to the atmosphere in order to more fully understand global Hg pollution. In this study we investigate whether coal deposits within the United States, China, and Russia-Kazakhstan, which are three of the five greatest coal-producing regions, have diagnostic Hg isotopic fingerprints that can be used to discriminate among Hg sources. We also investigate the Hg isotopic composition of modern organic soil horizons developed in areas distant from point sources of Hg in North America. Mercury stored in coal deposits displays a wide range of both mass dependent fractionation and mass independent fractionation. {delta}{sup 202}Hg varies in coals by 3{per_thousand} and {Delta}{sup 201}Hg varies by 0.9{per_thousand}. Combining these two Hg isotope signals results in what may be a unique isotopic 'fingerprint' for many coal deposits. Mass independent fractionation of mercury has been demonstrated to occur during photochemical reactions of mercury. This suggests that Hg found in most coal deposits was subjected to photochemical reduction near the Earth's surface prior to deposition. The similarity in MDF and MIF of modern organic soils and coals from North America suggests that Hg deposition from coal may have imprinted an isotopic signature on soils. This research offers a new tool for characterizing mercury inputs from natural and anthropogenic sources to the atmosphere and provides new insights into the geochemistry of mercury in coal and soils. 35 refs., 2 figs., 1 tab.
Abir, Biswas; Joel D. Blum; Bridget A. Bergquist; Gerald J. Keeler; Zhouqing Xie [University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States). Department of Geological Sciences
Discrimination Analysis of Earthquakes and Man-Made Events Using ARMA Coefficients Determination by Artificial Neural Networks
A Quadratic Neural Networks (QNNs) model has been developed for identifying seismic source classification problem at regional distances using ARMA coefficients determination by Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). We have devised a supervised neural system to discriminate between earthquakes and chemical explosions with filter coefficients obtained by windowed P-wave phase spectra (15 s). First, we preprocess the recording's signals to cancel out instrumental and attenuation site effects and obtain a compact representation of seismic records. Second, we use a QNNs system to obtain ARMA coefficients for feature extraction in the discrimination problem. The derived coefficients are then applied to the neural system to train and classification. In this study, we explore the possibility of using single station three-component (3C) covariance matrix traces from a priori-known explosion sites (learning) for automatically recognizing subsequent explosions from the same site. The results have shown that this feature extraction gives the best classifier for seismic signals and performs significantly better than other classification methods. The events have been tested, which include 36 chemical explosions at the Semipalatinsk test site in Kazakhstan and 61 earthquakes (mb = 5.0-6.5) recorded by the Iranian National Seismic Network (INSN). The 100% correct decisions were obtained between site explosions and some of non-site events. The above approach to event discrimination is very flexible as we can combine several 3C stations.
AllamehZadeh, Mostafa, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology (Iran, Islamic Republic of)
ICSBEP Benchmarks For Nuclear Data Applications
The International Criticality Safety Benchmark Evaluation Project (ICSBEP) was initiated in 1992 by the United States Department of Energy. The ICSBEP became an official activity of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) -- Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) in 1995. Representatives from the United States, United Kingdom, France, Japan, the Russian Federation, Hungary, Republic of Korea, Slovenia, Serbia and Montenegro (formerly Yugoslavia), Kazakhstan, Spain, Israel, Brazil, Poland, and the Czech Republic are now participating. South Africa, India, China, and Germany are considering participation. The purpose of the ICSBEP is to identify, evaluate, verify, and formally document a comprehensive and internationally peer-reviewed set of criticality safety benchmark data. The work of the ICSBEP is published as an OECD handbook entitled ''International Handbook of Evaluated Criticality Safety Benchmark Experiments.'' The 2004 Edition of the Handbook contains benchmark specifications for 3331 critical or subcritical configurations that are intended for use in validation efforts and for testing basic nuclear data. New to the 2004 Edition of the Handbook is a draft criticality alarm / shielding type benchmark that should be finalized in 2005 along with two other similar benchmarks. The Handbook is being used extensively for nuclear data testing and is expected to be a valuable resource for code and data validation and improvement efforts for decades to come. Specific benchmarks that are useful for testing structural materials such as iron, chromium, nickel, and manganese; beryllium; lead; thorium; and 238U are highlighted.
Briggs, J. Blair [Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (United States)
Transforming on-grid renewable energy markets. A review of UNDP-GEF support for feed-in tariffs and related price and market-access instruments
As a Global Environment Facility (GEF) founding implementing agency, UNDP has worked on over 230 GEF-supported clean energy projects in close to 100 developing countries since 1992. About 100 of these projects in 80 countries have focused on renewable energy, supported by approximately US $ 293 million in GEF funds and leveraging US $1.48 billion in associated co-financing from national governments, international organizations, the private sector and non-governmental organizations. As part of UNDP efforts to codify and share lessons learnt from these initiatives, this report addresses how scarce public resources can be used to catalyze larger private financial flows for renewable energy. It provides an overview of UNDP-GEFÆs extensive work supporting development of national renewable energy policies such as feed-in tariffs. In these activities UNDP-GEF assists developing countries to assess key risks and barriers to technology diffusion and then to identify a mix of policy and financial de-risking measures to remove these barriers and drive investment. This approach is illustrated through three case studies in Uruguay, Mauritius and Kazakhstan. This report is complemented by a companion publication presenting an innovative UNDP financial modeling tool to assist policymakers in appraising different public instruments to promote clean energy.
Glemarec, Yannick; Rickerson, Wilson; Waissbein, Oliver
Uzbekistan Radiation Portal Monnitoring System
The work proposed in this presentation builds on the foundation set by the DTRA funded demonstration project begun in 2000 and completed in December of 2003. This previous work consisted of two phases whose overall objective was to install portal radiation monitors at four select ports-of-entry in Uzbekistan (Tashkent International Airport, Gisht-Kuprik (Kazakhstan border), Alat (Turkmenistan border), and Termez (Afghanistan border)) in order to demonstrate their effectiveness in preventing the illicit trafficking of nuclear materials. The objectives also included developing and demonstrating capabilities in the design, installation, operation, training, and maintenance of a radiation portal monitoring system. The system and demonstration project has proved successful in many ways. An effective working relationship among the Uzbekistan Customs Services, Uzbekistan Border Guards, and Uzbekistan Institute of Nuclear Physics has been developed. There has been unprecedented openness with the sharing of portal monitor data with Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The system has proved to be effective, with detection of illicit trafficking, and, at Alat, an arrest of three persons illegally transporting radioactive materials into Turkmenistan. The demonstration project has made Uzbekistan a model nonproliferation state in Central Asia and, with an expanded program, places them in a position to seal a likely transit route for illicit nuclear materials. These results will be described. In addition, this work is currently being expanded to include additional ports-of-entry in Uzbekistan. The process for deciding on which additional ports-of-entry to equip will also be described.
Richardson, J; Knapp, R; Loshak, A; Yuldashev, B; Petrenko, V
Responsible stewardship of nuclear materials
The ability to tap the massive energy potential of nuclear fission was first developed as a weapon to end a terrible world war. Nuclear fission is also a virtually inexhaustible energy resource, and is the only energy supply in certain areas in Russia, Kazakhstan and elsewhere. The potential link between civilian and military applications has been and continues to be a source of concern. With the end of the Cold War, this issue has taken a dramatic turn. The U.S. and Russia have agreed to reduce their nuclear weapons stockpiles by as much as two-thirds. This will make some 100 tonnes of separated plutonium and 500 tonnes of highly enriched uranium available, in a form that is obviously directly usable for weapons. The total world inventory of plutonium is now around 1000 tonnes and is increasing at 60-70 tonnes per year. There is even more highly enriched uranium. Fortunately the correct answer to what to do with excess weapons material is also the most attractive. It should be used and reused as fuel for fast reactors. Material in use (particularly nuclear material) is very easy to monitor and control, and is quite unattractive for diversion. Active management of fissile materials not only makes a major contribution to economic stability and well-being, but also simplifies accountability, inspection and other safeguards processes; provides a revenue stream to pay for the necessary safeguards; and, most importantly, limits the prospective world inventory of plutonium to only that which is used and useful.
Hannum, W.H.
Protection and Remediation of the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea--through the International Environmental Center (http://pims.ed.ornl.gov)
The international Black Sea and Caspian Sea Environmental Information Center (BCSEIC) is a valuable research and communications resource to aid in the prevention of oil spills and, in the case of a spill, quick, effective clean-up action. Prevention and remediation are essential to protecting and maintaining the environment. The BCSEIC provides up-to-date, reliable, and easily accessible research and information. In addition, the web site serves as an international platform for discussion and sharing experiences on how to prevent and respond to oil spills with a focus on delivery and exchange of practical and real life information and dialogue. There is no cost or registration required for using the site. This BCSEIC offers information on region- and country-specific initiatives as well as information with worldwide applications. Interested organizations are encouraged to promote their technologies, services, or research activities through the web site. The site is being accessed at roughly 1,000 hits per day from 115 countries all over world. The oil industry strongly endorses the Black Sea and Caspian Sea Environmental Information Center and has representatives participate in all of the Center's workshops. The site is also home to a growing database of historical pollution-testing data from research institutes in the region. Recently, 31 years of pollution-testing data collected by the Ukrainian Scientific Center of the Ecology of the Sea (UkrSCES) was uploaded to the web site. The information includes compiled data, maps, graphic files, and background information on UkrSCES and contains a catalog of oceanographic data on the Black Sea (including chemistry and pollution), geophysical data, statistical evaluations of the data, meteorology, and aerology. Recent events in which the BCSEIC provided input and follow-up resources include the U.S.-Kazakhstan Energy Partnership fourth meeting, September 7-8, 2005, in Washington, D.C and the U.S.-Russian Workshop on Oil Spill Prevention and Response held at Interspill 2004. The Partnership's working groups met to exchange information and develop a program of work to guide the activities of the Partnership over the next twelve months, including establishing an information exchange between the U.S. Department of Energy, the Ministry of Industry and Commerce, the Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources, and other Ministries of interest of the Republic of Kazakhstan. A U.S.-Russian Workshop on Oil Spill Prevention and Response was held at the Interspill 2004 conference in Trondheim, Norway to discuss energy issues of interest to both countries and to implement the oil spill prevention and response agreement developed between the United States and Russia over the past year. The BCSEIE's goal as a regional information and communications center is to facilitate cooperation among the countries of the region to help prevent oil spills and to develop contingency plans should a spill occur. For more information on how to schedule an "online, real-time" meeting, link data, research proposals, technology products and services from the website, please contact Melissa Lapsa (email@example.com).
Lapsa, Melissa Voss [ORNL; Shelton, Robert B [ORNL; Grubb, Kimberly R [ORNL
Experiments Performed in Substantiation of the Conditioning of BN-350 Spent Cesium Traps Using Lead or Lead-Bismuth Alloy Filling Technology
The technology of cleaning cesium radionuclides from sodium coolant at the BN-350 fast reactor was realized in the form of cesium traps of two types: stationary devices connected to the circuit that was to be cleaned and in-core devices installed into the core of reactor when it was not under operation. Carbon-graphite materials were used as sorbents to collect and concentrate radioactive cesium, accumulated in the BN-350 reactor circuits over the decades of their operation, in relatively small volume traps which provided effective radiation-safe conditions for personnel working in proximity to the coolant and equipment of the primary circuit during BN-350 decommissioning. Spent cesium traps, as products unfit for further use, represent solid radioactive wastes. The presence of chemically active sodium, potassium and cesium that are able to react violently with water results in series of problems related to their disposal in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Considering the technology of filling spent cesium traps with lead/lead-bismuth alloy as a priority one for their conditioning, evaluations for safety substantiation were implemented. A set of experiments was implemented aimed at verification of calculations performed in substantiation of the proposed technology: filling a full scale cesium trap mock-up with sodium followed by its draining to determine the optimal regimes of draining; filling bench scale cesium trap mock-ups with sodium and cesium followed by sodium draining and filling with lead or lead-bismuth alloy at different temperatures and filling rates to chose the optimal regimes for filling spent cesium traps; implementation of leachability tests to determine the rate of cesium release from the filling materials into water. This paper provides a description of the experimental program carried out and the main results obtained.
O. Romanenko; I. Tazhibaeva; I. Yakovlev; A. Ivanov; D. Wells; A. Herrick; J. Michelbacher; S. Shiganakov
Progress and status of the IAEA coordinated research project: production of Mo-99 using LEU fission or neutron activation
Since late 2004, the IAEA has developed and implemented a Coordinated Research Project (CRP) to assist countries interested in initiating indigenous, small-scale production of Mo-99 to meet local nuclear medicine requirements. The objective of the CRP is to provide interested countries with access to non-proprietary technologies and methods to produce Mo-99 using LEU foil or LEU mini-plate targets, or for the utilization of n,gamma neutron activation, e.g. through the use of gel generators. The project has made further progress since the RERTR 2006 meeting, with a Technical Workshop on Operational Aspects of Mo99 Production held 28-30 November 2006 in Vienna and the Second Research Coordination Meeting held in Bucharest, Romania 16-20 April 2007. The paper describes activities carried out as noted above, and as well as the provision of LEU foils to a number of participants, and the progress by a number of groups in preparing for LEU target assembly and disassembly, irradiation, chemical processing, and waste management. The participants' progress in particular on thermal hydraulics computations required for using LEU targets is notable, as also the progress in gel generator plant operations in India and Kazakhstan. Poland has joined as a new research agreement holder and an application by Egypt to be a contract holder is undergoing internal review in the IAEA and is expected to be approved. The IAEA has also participated in several open meetings of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences Study on Producing Medical Radioisotopes without HEU, which will also be discussed in the paper. (author)
Goldman, Ira N.; Adelfang, Pablo [Division of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology, International Atomic Energy Agency, Wagramer Strasse 5, P.O. Box 100, A-1400 Vienna (Austria)], E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Ramamoorthy, Natesan [Division of Physical and Chemical Sciences, International Atomic Energy Agency, Wagramer Strasse 5, P.O. Box 100, A-1400 Vienna (Austria)], E-mail: email@example.com
Analysis of HEU samples from the ULBA Metallurgical Plant
In early March 1994, eight highly enriched uranium (HEU) samples were collected from materials stored at the Ulba Metallurgical Plant in Oskamen (Ust Kamenogorsk), Kazakhstan. While at the plant site, portions of four samples were dissolved and analyzed by mass spectrograph at the Ulba analytical laboratory by Ulba analysts. Three of these mass spectrograph solutions and the eight HEU samples were subsequently delivered to the Y-12 Plant for complete chemical and isotopic analyses. Chemical forms of the eight samples were uranium metal chips, U0{sub 2} powder, uranium/beryllium oxide powder, and uranium/beryllium alloy rods. All were declared by the Ulba plant to have a uranium assay of {approximately}90 wt % {sup 235}U. The uranium/beryllium powder and alloy samples were also declared to range from about 8 to 28 wt % uranium. The chemical and uranium isotopic analyses done at the Y-12 Plant confirm the Ulba plant declarations. All samples appear to have been enriched using some reprocessed uranium, probably from recovery of uranium from plutonium production reactors. As a result, all samples contain some {sup 236}U and {sup 232}U and have small but measurable quantities of plutonium. This plutonium could be the result of either contamination carried over from the enrichment process or cross-contamination from weapons material. It is not the result of direct reactor exposure. Neither the {sup 232}U nor the plutonium concentrations are sufficiently high to provide a significant industrial health hazard. Both are well within established or proposed acceptance criteria for storage at Y-12. The trace metal analyses showed that, with the exception of beryllium, there are no trace metals in any of these HEU samples that pose a significant health hazard.
Gift, E.H.
Silo Storage Preconceptual Design
The National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) has a need to develop and field a low-cost option for the long-term storage of a variety of radiological material. The storage optionÆs primary requirement is to provide both environmental and physical protection of the materials. Design criteria for this effort require a low initial cost and minimum maintenance over a 50-year design life. In 1999, Argonne National Laboratory-West was tasked with developing a dry silo storage option for the BN-350 Spent Fuel in Aktau Kazakhstan. ArgonÆs design consisted of a carbon steel cylinder approximately 16 ft long, 18 in. outside diameter and 0.375 in. wall thickness. The carbon steel silo was protected from corrosion by a duplex coating system consisting of zinc and epoxy. Although the study indicated that the duplex coating design would provide a design life well in excess of the required 50 years, the review board was concerned because of the novelty of the design and the lack of historical use. In 2012, NNSA tasked Idaho National Laboratory (INL) with reinvestigating the silo storage concept and development of alternative corrosion protection strategies. The 2012 study, ōSilo Storage Concepts, Cathodic Protection Options Studyö (INL/EST-12-26627), concludes that the option which best fits the design criterion is a passive cathotic protection scheme, consisting of a carbon steel tube coated with zinc or a zinc-aluminum alloy encapsulated in either concrete or a cement grout. The hot dipped zinc coating option was considered most efficient, but the flame-sprayed option could be used if a thicker zinc coating was determined to be necessary.
Stephanie L. Austad; Patrick W. Bragassa; Kevin M Croft; David S Ferguson; Scott C Gladson; Annette L Shafer; John H Weathersby
The Future of Nuclear Energy: Facts and Fiction: An update using 2009/2010 Data
An update of our 2009 study, "The Future of Nuclear Energy, Facts and Fiction" using the 2009 and the available 2010 data, including a critical look at the just published 2009 edition of the Red Book, is presented. Since January 2009, eight reactors with a capacity of 4.9 GWe have been connected to the electric grid and four older reactors, with a combined capacity of 2.64 GWe have been terminated. Furthermore, 27 reactor constructions, dominated by China (18) and Russia (4), have been initiated. The nuclear fission produced electric energy in 2009 followed the slow decline, observed since 2007, with a total production of 2560 TWhe, 41 TWhe (1.6%) less than in 2008 and roughly 100 TWhe less than in the record year 2006. The preliminary data from the first 10 months of 2010 in the OECD countries indicate that nuclear power production in North-America remained at the 2009 levels, while one observes a recovery in Europe with an increase of 2.5% and a strong rise of 5% in the OECD Asia-Pacific area compared to the same period in 2009. Worldwide uranium mining has increased during 2009 by about 7000 tons to almost 51000 tons. Still roughly 18000 tons of the 2010 world uranium requirements need to be provided from the civilian and military reserves. Perhaps the most remarkable new data from the just published 2009 edition of the Red Book, are that (1) the best understood RAR (reasonable assured) and IR (inferred) resources, with a price tag of less than 40 US dollars/Kg, have been inconsistently absorbed in the two to three times higher price categories and (2) uranium mining in Kazakhstan is presented with a short lifetime. The presented mining capacity numbers indicate an uranium extraction peak of 28000 tons during the years 2015-2020, from which it will decline quickly to 14000 tons by 2025 and to only 5000-6000 tons by 2035.
Michael Dittmar
Preparation of High Purity, High Molecular-Weight Chitin from Ionic Liquids for Use as an Adsorbate for the Extraction of Uranium from Seawater (Workscope MS-FC: Fuel Cycle R&D)
Ensuring a domestic supply of uranium is a key issue facing the wider implementation of nuclear power. Uranium is mostly mined in Kazakhstan, Australia, and Canada, and there are few high-grade uranium reserves left worldwide. Therefore, one of the most appealing potential sources of uranium is the vast quantity dissolved in the oceans (estimated to be 4.4 billion tons worldwide). There have been research efforts centered on finding a means to extract uranium from seawater for decades, but so far none have resulted in an economically viable product, due in part to the fact that the materials that have been successfully demonstrated to date are too costly (in terms of money and energy) to produce on the necessary scale. Ionic Liquids (salts which melt below 100{degrees}C) can completely dissolve raw crustacean shells, leading to recovery of a high purity, high molecular weight chitin powder and to fibers and films which can be spun directly from the extract solution suggesting that continuous processing might be feasible. The work proposed here will utilize the unprecedented control this makes possible over the chitin fiber a) to prepare electrospun nanofibers of very high surface area and in specific architectures, b) to modify the fiber surfaces chemically with selective extractant capacity, and c) to demonstrate their utility in the direct extraction and recovery of uranium from seawater. This approach will 1) provide direct extraction of chitin from shellfish waste thus saving energy over the current industrial process for obtaining chitin; 2) allow continuous processing of nanofibers for very high surface area fibers in an economical operation; 3) provide a unique high molecular weight chitin not available from the current industrial process leading to stronger, more durable fibers; and 4) allow easy chemical modification of the large surface areas of the fibers for appending uranyl selective functionality providing selectivity and ease of stripping. The resulting sorbent should prove economically feasible, as well as providing an overall net energy gain.
Rogers, Robin
Remediation of former uranium mining and milling activities in Central Asia
Available in abstract form only. Full text of publication follows: Several of the Central Asian countries of the former Soviet Union were involved in the uranium mining and milling industry from about 1945 for varying periods until the break up of the Soviet Union in 1991 and beyond. Some facilities are still producing in Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan. However, before the break up, many facilities had been abandoned and in only a few cases had any remediation been undertaken. Since 1991 the newly independent states of the region have been seeking assistance for the remediation of the multitude of tailings piles, waste rock stockpiles and abandoned, and often semi dismantled, production facilities that may be found throughout the region. Many of these sites are close to settlements that were established as service towns for the mines. Most towns still have populations, although the mining industry has departed. In some instances there are cases of pollution and contamination and in many locations there is a significant level of public concern. The IAEA has been undertaking a number of Technical Cooperation (TC) projects throughout the region for some time to strengthen the institutions in the relevant states and assist them to establish monitoring and surveillance programs as an integral part of the long term remediation process. The IAEA is liaising with other agencies and donors who are also working on these problems to optimise the remediation effort. The paper describes the objectives and operation of the main TC regional program, liaison efforts with other agencies, the achievements so far and the long term issues for remediation of these legacies of the 'cold war' era. (authors)
Waggitt, Peter [International Atomic Energy Agency - IAEA, Wagramer Strasse 5, P.O. Box 100 - 1400 Vienna (Austria)
Developments in the Nuclear Safeguards and Security Engineering Degree Program at Tomsk Polytechnic University
Over the last six years, Tomsk Polytechnic University (TPU) has developed a 5Į year engineering degree program in the field of Material Protection Control and Accounting (MPC&A). In 2009 the first students graduated with this new degree. There were 25 job offers from nuclear fuel cycle enterprises of Russia and Kazakhstan for 17 graduates of the program. Due to the rather wide selection of workplaces, all graduates have obtained positions at nuclear enterprises. The program was developed within the Applied Physics and Engineering Department (APED). The laboratory and methodological base has been created taking into consideration the experience of the similar program at the Moscow Engineering Physics Institute (MEPhI). However, the TPU program has some distinguishing features such as the inclusion of special courses pertaining to fuel enrichment and reprocessing. During the last two years, three MPC&A laboratories have been established at APED. This was made possible due to several factors such as establishment of the State innovative educational program at TPU, assistance of the U.S. Department of Energy through Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and Los Alamos National Laboratory, and the financial support of the Swedish Radiation Safety Authority and some Russian private companies. All three of the MPC&A laboratories are part of the Innovative Educational Center ōNuclear Technologies and Non-Proliferation,ö which deals with many topics including research activities, development of new curricula for experts training and retraining, and training of masterÆs students. In 2008, TPU developed a relationship with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), which was familiarized with APEDÆs current resources and activities. The IAEA has shown interest in creation of a masterÆs degree educational program in the field of nuclear security at TPU. A future objective is to acquaint nuclear fuel cycle enterprises with new APED capabilities and involve the enterprises in the scientific and educational projects implemented through the Nuclear Technologies and Non-Proliferation Center. This paper describes the development of the MPC&A engineering degree program and future goals of TPU in the field of nonproliferation education.
Boiko, Vladimir I.; Demyanyuk, Dmitry G.; Silaev, Maxim E.; Duncan, Cristen L.; Heinberg, Cynthia L.; Killinger, Mark H.; Goodey, Kent O.; Butler, Gilbert W.
Recent Developments in the Management of Cameco Corporation's Fuel Services Division Waste - 13144
Cameco Corporation is a world leader in uranium production. Headquartered in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan our operations provide 16% of the world uranium mine production and we have approximately 435 million pounds of proven and probable uranium reserves. Cameco mining operations are located in Saskatchewan, Wyoming, Nebraska and Kazakhstan. Cameco is also a major supplier of uranium processing services required to produce fuel for the generation of clean energy. These operations are based in Blind River, Cobourg and Port Hope, Ontario and are collectively referred to as the Fuel Services Division. The Fuel Services Division produces uranium trioxide from uranium ore concentrate at the Blind River Refinery. Cameco produces uranium hexafluoride and uranium dioxide at the Port Hope Conversion Facility. Cameco operates a fuel manufacturing facility in Port Hope, Ontario and a metal fabrication facility located in Cobourg, Ontario. The company manufactures fuel bundles utilized in the Candu reactors. Cameco's Fuel Services Division produces several types of low-level radioactively contaminated wastes. Internal processing capabilities at both the Blind River Refinery and Port Hope Conversion Facility are extensive and allow for the recycling of several types of waste. Notwithstanding these capabilities there are certain wastes that are not amenable to the internal processing capabilities and must be disposed of appropriately. Disposal options for low-level radioactively contaminated wastes in Canada are limited primarily due to cost considerations. In recent years, Cameco has started to ship marginally contaminated wastes (<500 ppm uranium) to the United States for disposal in an appropriate landfill. The landfill is owned by US Ecology Incorporated and is located near Grand View, Idaho 70 miles southeast of Boise in the Owyhee Desert. The facility treats and disposes hazardous waste, non-hazardous industrial waste and low-activity radioactive material. The site's arid climate, deep groundwater and favourable geology help ensure permanent waste isolation. Combined with a state of the art multi-layer landfill liner system, the Grand View facility represents an ideal choice to minimize environmental liability. Marginally contaminated wastes from operations within the Fuel Services Division are typically loaded into PacTec IP-2 rated Intermediary Bulk Containers and then transported by road to a nearby rail siding. The Intermediary Bulk Containers are then loaded in US Ecology owned gondola rail-cars. The gondolas are then transported via Canadian Pacific and Union Pacific railroads to the US Ecology Rail Transfer facility located in Mayfield, Idaho. The Intermediary Bulk Containers are unloaded into trucks for transport to the disposal facility located approximately 32 miles away. (authors)
Smith, Thomas P. [Cameco Corporation, Port Hope, Ontario (Canada)] [Cameco Corporation, Port Hope, Ontario (Canada)
Cogeneration of Electricity and Potable Water Using The International Reactor Innovative And Secure (IRIS) Design
The worldwide demand for potable water has been steadily growing and is projected to accelerate, driven by a continued population growth and industrialization of emerging countries. This growth is reflected in a recent market survey by the World Resources Institute, which shows a doubling in the installed capacity of seawater desalination plants every ten years. The production of desalinated water is energy intensive, requiring approximately 3-6 kWh/m3 of produced desalted water. At current U.S. water use rates, a dedicated 1000 MW power plant for every one million people would be required to meet our water needs with desalted water. Nuclear energy plants are attractive for large scale desalination application. The thermal energy produced in a nuclear plant can provide both electricity and desalted water without the production of greenhouse gases. A particularly attractive option for nuclear desalination is to couple a desalination plant with an advanced, modular, passively safe reactor design. The use of small-to-medium sized nuclear power plants allows for countries with smaller electrical grid needs and infrastructure to add new electrical and water capacity in more appropriate increments and allows countries to consider siting plants at a broader number of distributed locations. To meet these needs, a modified version of the International Reactor Innovative and Secure (IRIS) nuclear power plant design has been developed for the cogeneration of electricity and desalted water. The modular, passively safe features of IRIS make it especially well adapted for this application. Furthermore, several design features of the IRIS reactor will ensure a safe and reliable source of energy and water even for countries with limited nuclear power experience and infrastructure. The IRIS-D design utilizes low-quality steam extracted from the low-pressure turbine to boil seawater in a multi-effect distillation desalination plant. The desalination plant is based on the horizontal tube film evaporation design used successfully with the BN-350 nuclear plant in Aktau, Kazakhstan. Parametric studies have been performed to optimize the balance of plant design. Also, an economic analysis has been performed, which shows that IRIS-D should be able to provide electricity and clean water at highly competitive costs.
Ingersoll, D.T.; Binder, J.L.; Kostin, V.I.; Panov, Y.K.; Polunichev, V.; Ricotti, M.E.; Conti, D.; Alonso, G.
The International Scientific Studies project (ISS) was initiated in early 2008 with the objective of creating a series of activities aimed at application of modern scientific methods to improve the efficiency of analysis and the quality of verification of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO). The ISS On-Site Inspection (OSI) Invited Meeting convened on March 24, 2009 with the objectives of gaining a better understanding of the phenomenology of underground nuclear explosions (UNE) for OSI purposes and to identify areas of interest to OSI that could benefit significantly from contributions by the general scientific community. Fifteen invited experts from four countries, along with fifteen members of the OSI Division of the Provisional Technical Secretariat (PTS) met for four days at the Vienna International Center in an informal setting to discuss the application of observational methods, geophysical techniques, radionuclide measurement methods, environmental sampling methods, drilling techniques, and information management in the context UNE phenomena and OSI implementation. The meeting began with the identification and description of two general OSI scenarios, a vertical borehole emplacement and a horizontal tunnel emplacement, that serve as general examples of past UNE testing activities that can be used as a reference to identify UNE phenomena relevant for OSI observations. A significant portion of the first day of the meeting was spent in the description of the details of these scenarios and their implications for OSI observables. This discussion then served as a foundation for the discussions of the following three days in which OSI methods and technologies were evaluated in the context of UNE phenomenology and signatures. The methods and technologies discussed included visual observation from air and ground, radiation detection from the air, ground, and subsurface, ground-based and airborne geophysical observations and analysis, collection strategies for air, water, and solid samples, drilling concepts, and aspects of data fusion, information management, and modeling and simulation. The informal setting of the meeting provided a 'brainstorming' atmosphere and participation was excellent. One important aspect of this particular group was the very wide breadth of experience and expertise represented, ranging from those sharing their knowledge of UNE testing practice, radiological measurements and sampling, and knowledge of the underground effects of UNEs, to those with extensive experience in scientific and commercial geophysical measurements and surveys, to others with rich experience gained from several OSI field exercises, including the recent OSI Integrated Field Exercise in held in Kazakhstan in September 2008. During the workshop a number of topic areas relevant to OSI, explained in the list below, were identified that will benefit from collaboration with the international scientific community. Most of the topics represent the potential for studies of long-term interest, but some topics were identified that could be addressed, either by workshop participants or others known to the participants, that could be included as abstracts for submission to the ISS meeting taking place in June 2009. Items with topics that could be covered in the June meeting are annotated in the list. The meeting ended with the general understanding that ISS will not be completed with the June 2009 Conference. Rather, the ISS is considered as a long term project sponsoring relevant ongoing international scientific initiatives to expand and improve the verification capabilities of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty.
Sweeney, J J
Challenges for Lithuania: Ignalina NPP Early Closure
As a condition of accession into the European Union (EU), Lithuania is committed to the closure and decommissioning of Ignalina NPP comprising two RBMK-1500 reactor units (Fig. 1). It was agreed in a special protocol to the Accession Treaty that, in return for adequate EU financial assistance, Unit 1 would be closed before 2005 and Unit 2 by the end of 2009. The first unit was duly shut down on December 31, 2004. Lithuania, which has borders with Russia (Kaliningrad territory), Poland, Latvia and Belarus, spent fifty years as part of the Soviet Union and was deeply integrated into its economy and electrical infrastructure. At the break-up of the USSR, Lithuania inherited electricity generating capacity designed to supply the north-west region including ownership of Ignalina NPP located in the north-east of the country. Ignalina NPP Unit 1 was commissioned in 1983, Unit 2 in 1987; the planned lifespan of each unit was 30 years. Construction of a third unit was started but never completed. Since Lithuania became independent in 1990, Ignalina NPP has typically contributed more than 70% of national power supply. The town of Visaginas (population approx. 30,000) was purpose built to serve the plant and staff were brought in from throughout the USSR. With 3200 direct employees, Ignalina NPP remains by far the largest employer. Although there are pockets of Russian-language speakers in communities throughout Lithuania, Visaginas is the only example on a whole-town scale. Thus closure of Ignalina NPP within the restricted timescale required by the EU Accession Treaty commitment set an exceptional challenge to Lithuania. However, since the preparatory phase of decommissioning started in 2000, notable progress has been made, experience gained and lessons learnt. At present Unit 1 remains partially fueled in a state of care and maintenance. Partly burnt fuel is being transferred from Unit 1 to Unit 2 for further irradiation in order to minimize the commitment of new fuel thereby reducing operating costs and the final quantity of spent fuel. Design and construction of the facilities for spent fuel storage, waste processing and free-release is ongoing. The siting of the Near Surface Repository is now in the final stages of approval and construction of the landfill facility is under tendering. In order to facilitate the approval process and minimize the transport of waste, both disposal facilities will be within the boundary of the NPP site. Approximately 450 staff are employed at the shutdown Unit 1 for the safe maintenance of essential systems. The total staffing level at the plant is currently being reduced by around 200 each year, with a larger release to take place at the closure of Unit 2. It is envisaged that 2000 staff will be required for the dismantling operations. Although Ignalina NPP is still in the early stages of closure and decommissioning, some important lessons have already been learnt: Firstly, the importance considering social and financial issues as well as technical factors in deciding the decommissioning strategy. This should be done before the preparation is started of the FDP. The same broad consideration should also be given to the economic restructuring of the local area. Consultation is necessary with local and national authorities, and other stakeholders up to ensure a common vision. At Ignalina NPP it was considered essential to staff morale and the maintenance of a strong safety culture to guarantee the special social and employment benefits to dismissed staff in law [9]. At the same time, measures were also adopted to encourage certain key personnel to remain at the plant until closure. The case of Lithuania, which at independence had no legislative framework or management infrastructure for radioactive waste, may be exceptional; however, for all decommissioning projects it is necessary to have, from the outset, a clear strategy on waste storage and disposal. Finally, coordination at all levels must be assured, especially with the involvement of the nuclear regulators and other regulatory authorities, t
Teskeviciene, Birute [Ministry of Economy, Gedimino pr. 38/2, Vilnius, LT-01104 (Lithuania); Harrison, Peter [Central Project Management Agency, S. Konarskio 13, Vilnius, LT-03109 (Lithuania)
Changes in Russia's Military and Nuclear Doctrine
In 1993, the Russian Federation set out a new military doctrine that would determine the direction of its armed forces until President Putin set out the next doctrine in 2000. The Russian Federation creating the doctrine was new; the USSR had recently collapsed, Gorbachev - the creator of the predecessor to this doctrine in 1987 - was out of office, and the new Russian military had only been formed in May, 1992.1 The analysis of the 1993 doctrine is as follows: a definition of how doctrine is defined; a short history of Russian military doctrine leading up to the 1993 doctrine (officially the Basic Provisions of the Military Doctrine of the Russian Federation); and finally, what the doctrine established. An overview of the 1993 doctrine is: (1) Russia's 1993 doctrine was a return to older, more aggressive doctrine as a result of stability concerns surrounding the recent collapse of the USSR; (2) Russia turned from Gorbachev's 'defensive defense' in the 1987 doctrine to aggressive defense with the option of preempting or striking back against an aggressor; (3) Russia was deeply concerned about how nationalism would affect the former Soviet Republics, particularly in respect to the ethnic Russians still living abroad; and (4) Nuclear doctrine pledged to not be the first to use nuclear weapons but provided for the potential for escalation from a conventional to a nuclear war. The 2000 doctrine (officially the Russian Federation Military Doctrine) was created in a more stable world than the 1993 doctrine was. The Russian Federation had survived independence and the 'threat of direct military aggression against the Russian Federation and its allies' had diminished. It had secured all of the nuclear weapons from its neighbors Ukraine, Belarus, and Kazakhstan, and had elected a new president, Vladimir Putin, to replace Boris Yeltsin. Yet, even as the doctrine took more defensive tones than the 1993 doctrine, it expanded its nuclear options. Below are a new definition of what doctrine meant in 2000 and an outline of the 2000 doctrine. An overview of the 2000 doctrine is: (1) The 2000 doctrine was a return to a more defensive posture; the threat of nuclear retaliation, rather than that of preemptive force, would be its deterrence; (2) In order to strengthen its nuclear deterrence, Russia extended and redefined the cases in which nuclear weapons could be used to include a wider range of conflict types and a larger spectrum of attackers; and (3) Russia's threats changed to reflect its latest fear of engaging in a limited conflict with no prospect of the use of nuclear deterrence. In 2006, the defense minister and deputy prime minister Sergei Ivanov announced that the government was starting on a draft of a future doctrine. Four years later, in 2010, the Military Doctrine of the Russian Federation was put into effect with the intent of determining Russian doctrine until 2020. The 2010 doctrine, like all previous doctrines, was a product of the times in which it was written. Gone were many of the fears that had followed Russia for the past two decades. Below are an examination of the 2010 definition of doctrine as well as a brief analysis of the 2010 doctrine and its deviations from past doctrines. An overview of the 2010 doctrine is: (1) The new doctrine emphasizes the political centralization of command both in military policy and the use of nuclear weapons; (2) Nuclear doctrine remains the same in many aspects including the retention of first-use; (3) At the same time, doctrine was narrowed to using nuclear weapons only when the Russian state's existence is in danger; to continue strong deterrence, Russia also opted to follow the United States by introducing precision conventional weapons; (4) NATO is defined as Russia's primary external threat because of its increased global presence and its attempt to recruit states that are part of the Russian 'bloc'; and (5) The 2000 doctrine's defensive stance was left out of the doctrine; rumored options for use of nuclear weapons in local wars and in preemptive strikes were also left out.
Wolkov, Benjamin M. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Balatsky, Galya I. [Los Alamos National Laboratory
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