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CU: Home • A to Z • Campus Map
Large changes in the sun's energy output may drive unexpectedly dramatic fluctuations in Earth's outer atmosphere, new research indicates. A study published today links a recent, temporary shrinking of a high atmospheric layer with a sharp drop in the sun's ultraviolet radiation levels.
A planned $110 million telescope in Chile that the University of Colorado at Boulder is partnering on to probe distant galaxies and stellar nurseries has been named as the top construction priority for mid-sized, ground-based telescopes by the National Research Council in the coming decade.
A thick blanket of yellow haze hovering over Houston as a result of chemical pollution produced by manufacturing petroleum products may be getting a little bit thinner, according to a new study.
CU Scientists Secure More Than $847 Million in Sponsored Research Funding in FY 2009-10
A joint renewable energy center of the University of Colorado at Boulder, Colorado State University, Colorado School of Mines, the U.S. Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory and industry has been awarded $336,534 from the National Science Foundation so that undergraduates can conduct research related to the conversion of biomass to fuels and chemicals.
An international science team involving the University of Colorado at Boulder that is working on the North Greenland Eemian Ice Drilling project hit bedrock July 27 after two summers of work, drilling down more than 1.5 miles in an effort to help assess the risks of abrupt future climate change on Earth.
Forest fires that have burned thousands of acres near Durango over the last several years may be responsible for unlocking the mercury trapped beneath the soil in the San Juan National Forest and allowing it to wash into Vallecito Reservoir northeast of Durango, according to preliminary findings by a University of Colorado at Boulder engineering professor.
Newly detected rising sea levels in parts of the Indian Ocean, including the coastlines of the Bay of Bengal, the Arabian Sea, Sri Lanka, Sumatra and Java, appear to be at least partly a result of human-induced increases of atmospheric greenhouse gases, says a study led by the University of Colorado at Boulder.
The social impacts of the Gulf oil spill and the aftermath of the Haiti earthquake are among the topics to be addressed at the annual workshop of the University of Colorado at Boulder's Natural Hazards Center July 10-13.
A new study shows the Arctic climate system may be more sensitive to greenhouse warming than previously thought, and that current levels of Earth's atmospheric carbon dioxide may be high enough to bring about significant, irreversible shifts in Arctic ecosystems.
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Contact Us • Privacy • Legal & Trademarks • Accessibility • Student Consumer Information


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Mobile Menu
Vestas gets new CFO
Monday, April 15, 2013
Vestas Wind Systems is getting its third CFO in the past year.
Keizer store fire causes $2M in damages
Monday, April 15, 2013
A fire at Men's Wearhouse in Keizer caused an estimated $2 million in damages.
'Project Nova' could bring 200 jobs to Oregon
"Project Nova" is expected to be announced within the next few weeks.
Salem call center adds 150 jobs
Oregon's new health insurance exchange will open a call center in Salem with 50 permanent jobs and 100 seasonal jobs.
Portland considered $80M incentives for Nike
Portland officials considered unprecedented financial incentives of $80 million to lure Nike to the South Waterfront District.
Spending on growth was Essential Health Clinic's downfall
Essential Health Clinic shut its doors in Hillsboro and Tigard after providing free urgent care for 12 years.
Senate approves PERS plan
The Oregon Senate approved a Democratic plan to cut PERS.

subset: commoncrawl


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California (PRWEB) August 11, 2014
PathPartner Technology, a leading provider of embedded multimedia software services and solutions, announces the offerings for Automotive Infotainment. Our expertise in automotive infotainment solutions and services provide a significant advantage for the leading Automotive OEMs.
Why PathPartner?
PathPartner's IVI Solutions
PathPartner's IVI Services
For detailed information, please visit: http://www.pathpartnertech.com/industries/automotive-infotainment.
OEMs looking for licensing of the solutions or interested in PathPartner's offerings in automotive infotainment can reach out to sales(at)pathpartnertech(dot)com or sales(dot)usa(at)pathpartnertech(dot)com.
About PathPartner Technology: PathPartner Technology based out of California, USA and Bangalore, India is a leading provider of products and services for multimedia centric embedded devices. PathPartner has extensive experience in Technology, Engineering & Business practices focusing on audio & video codecs, video analytics & vision, imaging, multimedia middleware, OS porting, system integration, applications and hardware design. We specialize in addressing challenges faced by leading Silicon vendors, OS providers and ODM/OEMs in their product development.
For more information, on our work please visit: http://www.pathpartnertech.com/product/in-vehicle-infotainment.
Contact: Soujanya Rao
+91 (80) 6772 2000


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Article ID: 2619310 - View products that this article applies to.
Assume that you run a System Center Configuration Manager 2007 task sequence on a Windows Embedded-based device. Additionally, Windows Embedded Device Manager 2011 is installed on a compressed volume on the device. In this situation, the Write Filter feature may be disabled, and you cannot re-enable it.
This issue occurs because of an error that occurs when data is committed to a Write Filter-protected volume that uses NTFS compression.
A supported hotfix is available from Microsoft. However, this hotfix is intended to correct only the problem that is described in this article. Apply this hotfix only to systems that are experiencing this specific problem.
If the hotfix is available for download, there is a "Hotfix Download Available" section at the top of this Knowledge Base article. If this section does not appear, submit a request to Microsoft Customer Service and Support to obtain the hotfix.
Note If additional issues occur or if any troubleshooting is required, you might have to create a separate service request. The usual support costs will apply to additional support questions and issues that do not qualify for this specific hotfix. For a complete list of Microsoft Customer Service and Support telephone numbers or to create a separate service request, visit the following Microsoft website:
http://support.microsoft.com/contactus/?ws=supportNote The "Hotfix Download Available" form displays the languages for which the hotfix is available. If you do not see your language, it is because a hotfix is not available for that language.
This hotfix updates the Edmstate.dat file so that this issue no longer occurs. Additionally, we recommend that you do not select the
Compress contents to save disk space check box in the Advanced Attributes window for the Edmstate.dat and Edlog.txt files.
PrerequisitesTo apply this software update, you must have Windows Embedded Device Manager 2011 installed.
Restart requirementYou must restart the computer after you install the hotfix if the affected files are being used.
Update replacement informationThis update includes the hotfix that is described in Microsoft KB article 2602101.
File informationThe English version of this software update package has the file attributes (or later file attributes) that are listed in the following table. The dates and times for these files are listed in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). When you view the file information, it is converted to local time. To find the difference between UTC and local time, use the Time Zone tab in the Date and Time item in Control Panel.
File information
Collapse this tableExpand this table
Microsoft has confirmed that this is a problem in the Microsoft products that are listed in the "Applies to" section.
More information
For more information about software update terminology, click the following article number to view the article in the Microsoft Knowledge Base:
(https://support.microsoft.com/kb/824684/ )Description of the standard terminology that is used to describe Microsoft software updates
Article ID: 2619310 - Last Review: September 5, 2012 - Revision: 3.0
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37 year old woman | Miami, FL, USA | Seeking men 35-45 in Florida, United States
Active within 3 days
I am charming, amusing want to be a princess, and I want my prince that although they say that no longer exist, I hope jijij! I like sport,
About me… I am a super positive girl, honest and very sincere; I dared to write in this page, because I believe it's easier to see more people with something in common, for friendship or a relationship. Sharing with someone from a culture other than yours, I believe, is the most interesting thing that can happen, because you grow spiritual and mentally learning new languages, behaviors, and different ways of eating although the ingredients are the same… hehehehe. I would like to meet someone: without children, but if you do have children, I'd like to meet you as well; who is a gentleman, educated, someone who knows that his woman is a lady and his princess requiring his protection, wants a family of his own, because I wish to have a family and children of my own. I am a girl who wakes up every day and finds the day to day challenges in life, but I'm not afraid of the obstacles in my way because I always try another way to surpass them. I don't have enough time go out to bars and/or clubs to meet people. The person I meet has to have the same interests as mine, I don't want to waste my time, and most importantly… your time. I think life is short and you must live it to the fullest. I care a lot for my Home, that is how I was raised. I love sports… I can be an elegant lady, but when it comes to playing sports.. I take off my heels and the nice dress, put on sweat pants and a t-shirt to mingle with the boys and have fun, so I can show that I can share with my partner in any kind of sports… hehehe. I like to travel, the movies, theater, opera, basketball, baseball, racquetball, stay at home and enjoy a good barbecue or go to the beach and watch the dusk or dawn.. hehehe.. I think I like everything.. that is why I want to meet someone full of energy just like me!!
Coffee and conversation , Business networking , Movies/Videos , Exploring new areas , Playing sports , Religion/Spiritual , Travel/Sightseeing
Aerobics, Basketball, Billiards / Pool, Bowling, Cycling, Dancing, Other types of exercise, Swimming, Tennis / Racquet sports, VolleyBall
I exercise 1-2 times per week.
I like Birds, Dogs, Horses
Very Liberal
RUGBY jiji believe it or not, I played for 7 years, and my favorite was the flanker position, and I liked it when they made me play 2nd line, a rough sport but I loved it there as my adrenaline vote, jij
Miami International University of Art & Design, Miami, FL
be home, family, go to the beach, go on tour ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
I love to share with the familliar, theater, cinema, beach, extreme sports, a trip, and ultimately stay in the peace of my house,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
metafisica 4_1, la biblia
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
|What she is looking for
|5'7" (170cms)
|5'6" (167cms) to 5'7" (170cms)
|Body type:
|Athletic and toned
|No preference
|Green, Hazel
|Dark brown
|Dark brown
|No Way
|No Way
|Social Drinker
|Social Drinker
|Self-Employed / Entrepreneur
|Artistic / Creative / Performance, Architecture / Interior design
|I'll tell you later
|No preference
|Never Married
|No preference
|Have kids:
|Wants kids:
|White / Caucasian
|No preference
|Christian / Other
|Christian / Other
|English, Spanish
|English, Spanish
|Graduate degree
|Associates degree


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Things to see and do - Poland
Leaving for Poland
Nearby hotels
Hotel Porto-Fino from179 PLNBook
Korona Palace from135 PLNBook
Pelikan from160 PLNBook
novotel katowice centrum
novotel katowice centrum
Address : Al. Rozdzienskiego 16 PL - 40 202 KATOWICE
from : 140.00 PLNBook
The 4-star Novotel Katowice Centrum hotel is well known for services of the highest level. Our hotel is a perfect place for business trips as well as leisure stays. We offer 300 comfortable air-conditioned rooms, six functional meeting rooms, fitness club, pool, sauna and a car park. NOVO SQUARE Lounge Bar serves international cuisine.
Useful Information
- Address : Al. Rozdzienskiego 16 PL - 40 202 KATOWICE40 202KATOWICE
Main services
- Restaurant
- Car park
- Air conditioning
- Disabled access
- Swimming pool
- Non-smoking rooms
- Animals allowed
- Satellite TV


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ETFs for volatility
Minimum volatility funds are one option if you are concerned about the market.
- Fidelity Active Trader News
- – 07/23/2014
Volatility of the S&P 500® Index (as measured by index movements of +/–2% on a given trading day) has risen dramatically over the past decade compared with historical averages. From 1973 to 1982, the S&P 500 experienced fewer than 100 trading days of a 2% move in either direction.1
If you are looking for potential ways to manage or take advantage of market volatility, there are a number of strategies that may help protect your portfolio. In addition to diversification, one investment choice that might be worth considering is a minimum-volatility fund.
How to manage volatility
Diversification is a tried-and-true portfolio management technique. While neither diversification nor asset allocation ensures a profit or guarantees against a loss, both can be effective ways to manage long-term fluctuations in the market. Other investors may simply prefer to wait out market volatility—a buy-and-hold approach. Buy-and-hold and diversification strategies feature many of the investment characteristics that may help alleviate the impact of a market downturn.
More active investors may want to consider other approaches. One such strategy is to implement tactical rebalancing. This is a dynamic asset allocation strategy that involves adjusting portfolio allocations to more or less risky investments, depending on how the market is performing and the expectations for volatility.
During periods of expected heightened market volatility, you may want to consider reducing exposure to riskier investments. Alternatively, when volatility is expected to be lower, the portfolio may be adjusted to include riskier investments that also align with your risk and return objectives.
"Min vol"
Yet another active investing product is a relatively new type of exchange-traded fund (ETF) known as minimum volatility, or "min vol."
A min vol ETF attempts to reduce exposure to volatility by tracking indices that aim to provide lower-risk alternatives. For example, a min vol ETF might exhibit less risk during market turbulence compared with a broadly diversified index such as the S&P 500. Some min vol ETFs accomplish this objective by purchasing securities that exhibit relatively low volatility and concentration risk.2
Of course, a min vol ETF does not eliminate risk exposure to volatility, and may not prevent a loss in the event of a downturn. Low volatility funds may underperform when the broad market is doing well, and they can experience declines during sharp corrections. However, the expectation for a min vol ETF investor is that any potential losses during a market decline might be smaller relative to other securities that may have more risk exposure to volatility. As a result, a less risky portfolio could recover more quickly than the broad market in the event of a downturn when stocks recover.
Additionally, min vol ETFs can be used to lower overall portfolio risk. For instance, if your portfolio consists largely of cyclical stocks, a min vol ETF might diversify away some risk exposure in the event that the market becomes volatile.
Moreover, these types of funds might not only be considered in advance of a potential weak market. Many min vol ETFs tend to be skewed toward more defensive sectors, such as consumer staples and health care, and so they might perform well when those segments of the market are expected to do well—within the framework of the business cycle. Of course, the nature of how low vol funds are constructed can mean investors who rely too heavily on them could end up with portfolios that are concentrated in large-cap defensive stocks and light on small-cap growth stocks.
Minimum volatility ETFs
If you own U.S. stocks and are concerned about a market decline, you may want to consider researching min vol ETFs, the largest of which by net assets are the PowerShares S&P 500 Low Volatility ETF (SPLV) and iShares MSCI USA Minimum Volatility ETF (USMV). Fidelity offers USMV commission free.
If you have global investments and are concerned about some of the volatility risks that have emerged out of China, Europe, and other parts of the world, there are also non-U.S. min vol ETFs. The largest non-U.S. min vol ETFs by net assets are iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Minimum Volatility Index Fund (EEMV) and iShares MSCI All Country World Minimum Volatility ETF (ACWV). Fidelity offers EEMV commission free.
Other volatility management possibilities
There are several other ways that investors may be able to weather an increase in volatility. Bonds, for example, tend to be less volatile than stocks. When the stock market is expected to be more volatile, investors may want to consider increasing their bond allocation. It is worth noting that the bond market is not immune to volatility.
High-yielding stocks are another opportunity that investors can explore. The income component of high-yielding stocks tends to make these investments less volatile than more cyclical stocks, which have lower or no dividend yield. Additionally, there are several options strategies, including the strangle, which can be used to take advantage of expected market volatility.
Investing implications
Whether you take a more passive approach, or want to actively implement strategies that seek to reduce your exposure to market volatility, there are a number of ways to position your portfolio. Even though stocks are in the midst of a multiyear rally, and recently reached new all-time highs, it is never a bad time to consider positioning your portfolio for protection against volatility.
Learn more
- Learn more about the commission-free Fidelity iShares® offer.
- Use Portfolio Review to see whether your investment mix is in line with your long-term goals.
- Research stock, bond, and commodity ETFs.


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This is a four-pack of Clear Screen Protectors for the Asus Transformer Pad Infinity TF700T from rooCASE. These easy-to-apply screens will guard your display from scratches, dust and fingerprints yet are writable. The screens are made from a 3-layer polyester that contains a mild adhesive and that won't leave any residue if and when removed. Best of all, they are washable and reusable so you won't have to keep buying them over and over.
The anti-glare protectors eliminate glare by 50% while the HD protectors deliver 99% clarity. The system comes with a lint free cloth to clean your display and a squeegee card to help apply the film. The pack comes with a one-year warranty from rooCase.
- Anti-glare matte film reduce glare by 50%
- HD clear invisible film provides 99% clarity
- Film is imported from Japan
- 3-layer PET (polyester) film
- Tough, durable, transparent writing surface
- Impenetrable to scratches
- Once screen protector is applied, it appears invisible to the eye
- Mild adhesive that leaves no residue
- Washable, reusable


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ESPN Sunday Night Baseball Pick: Washington @ Atlanta
- Updated: May 27, 2012
MLB Betting
Washington Nationals
Atlanta Braves
Starting Pitchers: Washington Nationals (Gonzalez) vs. Atlanta Braves (Beachy)
Date/Time: May 27th, 8:10 PM EST
Television: ESPN
MLB Betting Odds from BetOnline
Moneyline: Nationals (+118) Braves (-128)
Total: 6.5
MLB Betting Game Trends
Washington Nationals
- Washington is 5-1 SU in its last 6 games
- The total has gone OVER in 10 of Washington's last 13 games
- The total has gone OVER in 4 of Washington's last 6 games on the road
- Washington is 4-1 SU in its last 5 games on the road
- The total has gone OVER in 13 of Washington's last 19 games when playing Atlanta
Atlanta Braves
- Atlanta is 0-5 SU in its last 5 games
- The total has gone OVER in 4 of Atlanta's last 5 games at home
- Atlanta is 2-5 SU in its last 7 games at home
- Atlanta is 1-4 SU in its last 5 games when playing Washington
- The total has gone OVER in 13 of Atlanta's last 19 games when playing Washington
ESPN's Sunday Night Baseball betting showdown this week heads to the Peach State, where the Atlanta Braves will look to get back on track against the red hot Washington Nationals.
Hopes have been really high for the Nats this year, and they are going to look to extend their lead in the NL East even further with this game on Sunday night. A clean sweep at Turner Field would be the biggest accomplishment for this team this year. Give the Nationals a ton of credit for building this team with youth and great training for sure. Of course, good trades have been a part of this as well, and this is what we have been talking about with the likes of Gio Gonzalez, who will be hurling on Sunday. Gonzalez already is 6-1 this year, and he is one of the few pitchers in baseball that still has a sub-2.00 ERA. The former member of the Oakland Athletics is striking out just a ton of batters seemingly every time out there, and a day after watching Stephen Strasburg throw a dominating start, there isn't any reason to believe that Gonzalez won't be able to do the same.
Atlanta is in some trouble at the moment, and six straight losses have taken the team out of the way in the NL East for the time being. The offense just isn't getting the job done, and the bullpen doesn't look as dominating as it did last year and earlier this season. The good news though, is that Brandon Beachy is going to be on the bump on Sunday. Beachy has been the best pitcher on the Braves this year by a country mile, going 5-2 with a staff-best 1.77 ERA. Beachy has 44 strikeouts against just 15 walks this year, but perhaps the most impressive stat about him is that he has a 0.90 WHIP. Batters just don't see the ball all that well against Beachy, and they are hitting just .183 against him. This is a man that is turning into an innings eater as well, as 61 frames in just nine outings is quite impressive, especially for a man that sometimes can be erratic with his control.
The Braves have been bad for a full week now, even with Beachy on the mound. We think that the patient Nationals are going to get the best out of this one to finish off yet another very impressive series against a National League pennant contender on the road in fine form.
Washington Nationals @ Atlanta Braves Pick: Washington Nationals (+118)
Adam Markowitz
Latest posts by Adam Markowitz (see all)
- NHL Betting Goalie Report for 1/31/2014 - February 3, 2014
- NCAA Basketball Pick: Michigan vs. Indiana - February 2, 2014
- NHL Puck-Line Power Poll as of 1/29/14 - January 29, 2014
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38 year old woman | Toronto, ON, CAN | Seeking men 35-46 within 50 miles
You rock. Let's rock?
I like to think that I'm a woman with a good sense of style, right and wrong, and intelligence, and importantly fun! I love my new Parkdale loft, and enjoy the treasures of living in the city. But I would also love to spend more time in nature. Anything artistic appeals to me. I have a good job, teaching kids. I go to bootcamp twice a week, and like to maintain my physique ;) I enjoy a variety of kinds of people. Meeting new people can be so refreshing! Someday, I hope to go on a hot air balloon ride...
Camping , Coffee and conversation , Cooking , Dining out , Fishing/Hunting , Gardening/Landscaping , Music and concerts , Exploring new areas , Performing arts , Shopping/Antiques , Volunteering , Wine tasting
Aerobics, Cycling, Walking / Hiking
I exercise 1-2 times per week.
I have Cats
Middle of the Road
I love Parkdale, Roncesvalles, Queen West, for a day trip: St Jacobs because it's close to my hometown, trips to Cuba, and Paris!
University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON
I like all kinds of music: Johnny Cash, Madonna... I don't watch much t.v., but I like the show New Girl. I like Indie movies, coffee, wine, clothes from other decades, finding neat, old things, and interesting people.
Walk around Toronto, Make improvements to my home, see friends, do artistic and authentic things, go to dance or musical performances, head out into nature
Last book I read was Sense and Sensibility
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
|What she is looking for
|5'6" (167cms)
|5'7" (170cms) to 8'11" (271cms)
|Body type:
|About average
|No preference
|No preference
|Dark brown
|No preference
|No Way
|No Way
|Social Drinker
|No preference
|Education / Teacher / Professor
|No preference
|$50,001 to $75,000
|No preference
|Never Married
|No preference
|Have kids:
|No preference
|Wants kids:
|White / Caucasian
|East Indian, White / Caucasian
|Spiritual but not religious
|No preference
|English, French, German
|No preference
|Bachelors degree
|Bachelors degree, PhD / Post Doctoral


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NewsMarch 07 2012
Swamp Pirate Zombies take the Reliance Stage by Storm
Posted by Lucy
Swamp Pirate Zombies take the Reliance Stage by Storm
Chris Eymer, on the left, played the part of a pirate, while Shane Reis, on the right was cast as a Hollywood type producer and both starred in the Reliance Area Community Development's 18th annual dinner/theater which wrapped up its last performance Sat. March 2. Gayle Mohr, center, the screenplay writer, continues to write the fictitious script for Swamp Pirate Zombies as Eymer and Reis have fun playing the part of pirates. See more on page 2.
- Scavenging through the county
- WCE Cooperative finishes up repairs after weekend storms
- High winds damage structures,
- North Central Farmers Elevator and South Dakota Wheat Growers Member-Owners Vote No on Unification
- Lyman School Board Election results
- Construction at new elevator site stays on schedule
- What's new at the museum
- Local Lions Club projects recognized
- Lyman reunion moves to Clubhouse
- Remebering those who gave all
- Presho HS reunion set


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Emily Rasinski Seattle photographer
Fifteen-month-old Lucas Grosswiler helps out his dad with yard work Monday morning at their home in St. Louis. Lucas' father Tim (not pictured) was nearby trimming the lawn. "It's been too hot to do yard work lately so we are trying to get it done early in the morning," Tim said. The lawn mower was not on. "He loves lawnmowers, he has two plastic ones." Tim said of his son.
Emily Rasinski Seattle photographer
330 573 7183
Emily Rasinski. Portfolio design by Neon Sky.


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Career Day! Veterinarian Type 1
- Family & Education
- 1 Zoo Drive, Little Rock, AR, 72205
Snore and Soar Community Overnight
Little Rock Zoo
Friday, July 18, 2014 at 6:00 PM - Saturday, July 19, 2014 at 9:00 AM (CDT)
Have you ever wondered what the Zoo is like after dark? Grab your tent and sleeping bag to sleep under the stars at the Zoo! (optional sleeping quarters inside). Does not include behind the scenes tours.
This special overnight is designed just for families with children. Ages 6 - 12 (with guardian)
Program is booked on a first-come, first-served basis. Space is limited.
The mission of the Little Rock Zoo is to provide engaging experiences that inspire people to value and conserve our natural world.
In order to purchase these tickets in installments, you'll need an Eventbrite account. Log in or sign up for a free account to continue.


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- Subscribe NowLimited Time Offer
- Staff Minneapolis / St. Paul Business Journal
The Minneapolis/St. Paul Business Journal publishes several honors sections throughout the year and hosts events to bestow the awards. Below are links to each of the awards programs, including the editorial content, opportunities to order reprints and photos, and nomination information for upcoming projects.
Industry Outlook
Top-level leaders of major companies representing key industries provide a forecast of the industry economies for 2012.
Event: Jan. 24, 2012
2012 event coverage: Executive PowerPoints and Q&As
Print-edition stories (under "In Depth" heading)
For reprints: Click here
For photos: Click here
Executive of the Year
Honoring one top local executive for outstanding leadership.
Read about the 2012 honoree: Executive of the Year — Randy Hogan, CEO and chairman, Pentair Inc.
40 Under Forty
Recognizing 40 individuals under the age of 40, who have demonstrated exceptional business savvy, leadership, and community involvement.
Nominations are closed.
Best in Real Estate
Honoring the best new real estate developments and deals of the past year, plus property management and Lifetime Achievement awards.
Event was April 26.
Read about 2012 winners and finalists.
Women in Business
Honoring 51 of the most innovative and influential local women in business.
Event: May 23, 2012
Search the Women in Business Alumni database.


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Scholarship Overview
The Arkansas Single Parent Scholarship is a program available to single mothers and fathers who wish to continue their college education pursuits but could not do so due to financial instability. This program aims to help single parents in paying for their college education costs such as tuition, books, miscellaneous expenses, transportation and cost of living allowance while enrolled in a junior or community college, or in the university.
This scholarship is primarily available in Northern Arkansas, such as Carroll, Madison, or Washington County.
Single Parent Scholarship Eligibility
In order to qualify for the Arkansas Single Parent Scholarship, applicants must have finished their high school education or possess a GED. They must as well be legal residents of the United States and of Arkansas, and are currently enrolled in a full-time or part-time course of study in an educational institution to help improve their family's standard of living.
Applicants should have as well applied for a Pell Grant in order to qualify for the scholarship. They should also be living at poverty level.
To those who have previously been granted of the scholarship and wish to renew their grant, they must be able to maintain at least 2.0 GPA.
Applicants for the Arkansas Single Parent Scholarship must also be enrolled in courses at the following institutions:
- University of Arkansas
- University of Arkansas Fort Smith
- University of Arkansas Little Rock
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
- John Brown University
- North West Arkansas Community College
- North Arkansas College
- Northwest Technical Institute
- Arkansas Tech University-Ozark
- Franklin University
- Career Academy of Hair Design
- Paul Mitchell The School
- Regency Beauty Institute
- Blue Cliff College
How to Apply
Interested parties may visit the Single Parent Scholarship Fund website and fill up an online application form. The website also enlists additional requirements such as transcript of records, federal income tax returns, and other papers which have to be submitted before the deadline of application.
Applicants will be scheduled for an interview with a panel of judges as part of the scholarship selection process.
Scholarship Application Deadline
The deadline of application for the Arkansas Single Parent Scholarship is on June 15 for the Fall Semester, October 15 for the Spring semester, and March 15 for the Summer Semester. Applicants should be able to submit all the necessary requirements before the mentioned dates in order to be considered for the scholarship.


text:
Sagent Pharmaceuticals has launched a generic antibiotic, the company said.
Target is opening an in-store cafe serving natural and healthy food in its new Chicago store, according to published reports.
Television personality Bill O'Reilly recently mentioned SmartMouth mouthwash during the "Tip of the Day" segment on his show, "The O'Reilly Factor."
Supervalu is making the mobile couponing application Yowza!! available to more than 1,900 independent stores that the company supplies as a wholesaler.
Tropicana has introduced an 89-oz. container for its flagship Tropicana Pure Premium 100% pure Florida orange juice with no added sugar, water or preservatives.
Supervalu banner Shaw's announced that two of its Rhode Island locations diverted more than 90% of store waste from local landfills as part of the company's zero-waste program.
A district court ruled in favor of Pfizer and Northwestern University in a patent infringement case relating to Lyrica (pregabalin).
CVS Caremark Charitable Trust has teamed up with the National Association of Community Health Centers through a $3 million multiyear partnership.
The Food and Drug Administration has approved a new drug made by Forest Labs for treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the agency said.
GNC Holdings on Monday elected Philip Mallott to its board to fill the seat vacated by Norman Axelrod's resignation.
Harris Teeter on Monday announced the grocer raised more than $222,500 in May during its donation card campaign for USO and Wounded Warrior Project.
The professional skin care products market realized a 5.3% gain in 2011, according to a new report from Kline.
Significant product recalls and the ongoing recession have driven consumer behavior change in the OTC aisle, according to a new report published Tuesday by Kline.
The Little Clinic is continuing to expand its presence across Kroger stores with the addition of in-store clinics located in the Dayton, Ohio, area.
The maker of Splenda has introduced a new zero-calorie sweetener.
Odwalla has introduced a new line of vegetable and fruit juice blends.
PepsiCo and the National Football League have extended their multiyear partnership as Pepsi will sponsor the Super Bowl XLVII Halftime Show set for Feb. 3, 2013, in New Orleans.
An experimental drug under development by Pfizer and a unit of Johnson & Johnson does not appear effective in Alzheimer's disease patients who carry a certain genotype, according to results of a late-stage clinical trial announced by Pfizer on Tuesday.
Sabona of London is offering an in-store retail display as part of its marketing support program for retail partners.
A new organization aims to be an independent group to certify specialty pharmacists.
Supervalu pharmacies are offering the pertussis (Tdap) vaccine booster at the majority of its nearly 800 pharmacies, the company announced Tuesday.
The Little Clinic on Monday announced the opening of two convenient care clinics within Kroger in the Atlanta area.
Walgreens on Tuesday announced plans to work with the Department of Health and Human Services on the development of a medication therapy management program to help improve outcomes for HIV patients.
Walmart has launched an effort to help diabetes patients save on their disease management products.
Wonder has introduced three new wheat breads that combine wholesome nutrition with the delicious taste of Wonder, the company said.


text: Use your iPhone/iPod as a window!Choose an image you want to view or take a pic.Then make the roller shutter slide to gradually view the image.You can have your friends guess the content of a pic or make a surprise to your partner.1. Possibility to choose an image from your Albums.2. Possibility to choose from Photo Library.


text:
I'm 40 hours into the game, I have 22 Strength and 23 Dexterity. Leveling is getting expensive so I feel like I need to pick one attack skill and focus on it.
I'm not a huge fan of the Giant Swords (They're just silly and disproportionate to my character.), nor am I a huge fan of the spinning and quick stabbing of the sabers/scimitars/rapiers. My weapon of choice for the first 30 hours was the basic longsword, its still the one I want to use but other weapons I found were stronger and I ran out of upgrades for it. Now i'm switching between a lightning spear and the Iaito. I generally wear heavier armor (Using eastern set now) while keeping my rolling ability intact with havel's ring.
Which type of weapons stat should I focus on? I simply can't make up my mind. Are high Dex weapons trickier to use mechanically? Are High Str. Weapons not worth using if I like to be fairly light on my feet? Is there a higher level Longsword Equivalent or a particular upgrade branch on it that could make it more useful against tougher enemies?


text:
Hey nightshirt mommas. I'm an ER nurse who has a 10 month old and I work the night shift. I have a sitter till 1 pm so I can sleep and a amazing husband who takes care of our boy at night. Tips for surviving on so little sleep? I have no family here to help.
Sleep deprived
Posted 10/10/2012
Comments (3)
Posted 10/11/2012
I'm a NiCU Rn...going through the same. My mom just flew in to help, we didn't use a sitter. I watched him by myself during the day. He's 8 months now, that's slowly bocoming harder. I'm not sure how I've made it ok with such little sleep.Its tough. It's great you have someone watching him at least part of the day. Hope you can maximize your sleep then. We know how hard that is though. Be strong...I tell myself all the time, this isn't forever.
Posted 10/28/2012
I'm a NICU RN too, nights 7p, but I work fri/sat/sun nights and DH works mon-fri. I nap on friday with LO before work, so monday is my only "ugghh" day, but at least im not going back in.That helps w/ sleep a little but my social life is in a coma...like lexi said, it's not forever. Hope things start getting easier for you.
Mommy to my monsters
Amalia 8/05
Elias 9/11
Posted 10/15/2014
it's not forever but I still fear putting my car in a ditch...
Mom to the most beautiful redhead ever!


text:
Enlarge Cover
Skylark | Mar 27, 2013
| 144 Pages
| Middle Grade (8-12)
| Mar 27, 2013
| 144 Pages
| Middle Grade (8-12)
The Saddle Club is thrilled to be attending an international riding competition, even if it means they have to serve as humble grooms for Beatrice Benner and her horse, Southwood. Beatrice is the most spoiled rich girl they've ever met, but she is a talented rider. Then an accident threatens to end her career. Stevie, Carole, and Lisa want their friend Kate Devine to take over, but does Kate have what it takes to be a gold medal rider?
Dear Readers, Welcome to the Saddle Club! There are only two rules in this club: You've got to be horse crazy, and you've got to be willing to help your friends. Sound good? All you have to do to join… More about Bonnie Bryant
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text:
Conquer freezing winter weather with the Special Blend Men's Commander Snowboard Pant. Quilted insulation keeps you warm, and the 15K-rated waterproof fabric and fully taped seams block moisture. Create an impenetrable defense when you snap the Commander Pants to your Special Blend jacket and hook the gaiters to your bootlaces. The waist gaiter lets you maintain your sag without getting icicle-ass, and the baggy fit and articulated knees give you room to move into shredding position. Keep your cool with the Commander Snowboard Pants' inseam vents.
Share your thoughts
What do you think of the
Special Blend Commander Insulated Pant - Men's
? Share a...
would an Xl in this pant fit a 38 waist...
would an Xl in this pant fit a 38 waist comfortably? And how would these be for snowshoeing te back country? jt
Wooden Robots
The sizing of rXL is 36" to 38". If you are on the bigger side of a 38" then I would suggest wearing the XXL. If 38" is the size of your jeans or pants and the are a tad loose, then the XL would be just fine. These pants are great for any snow activity. They will keep you dry, and if you get too hot they do have vents in the crotch area. Great pant for sure.
Pants are good enough, fit is baggy and the grey is well, grey. Lots of pockets and the skirt is sweet. Gators are cool too. Would have gotten a different color if it was availible in my size. Still a quality purchase.
These pants are sick...kept me warm in -6 ambient and -45 wind chill in Breckenridge last week, while all my buddies were shivering. They have all the steeze you need in a pair of pants and look sweet with any jacket. Plenty of pockets and felt just right. You know how some pants bind you up?? Not these, plenty of flex and plenty of pockets for whatever...I never even came close to using them all. At this price you can't beat these pants...plus the 15K waterproofing, redonk.
Review Title
I'm about 5' 7", 130 lbs. What size should I get? Just wondering because I've heard rumors Special Blend runs big. Thanks.
i would recommend a medium cause their pretty long to begin with.
justin morris
i am 6ft and 170lbs i where a 32x32 in...
i am 6ft and 170lbs i where a 32x32 in normal pants what size would i buy in these pants? i've never bought snowboarding pants before and need some help.
go mediums
Yup, mediums.
Wooden Robots
For sure medium. Large is way to big for you.
will these pants keep me warm in -15...
will these pants keep me warm in -15 degrease conditions? or generally cold conditions?
Sebastian Hansen
A bit late answer but here goes:
I have the 2006 Annex with an insulation liner a bit like this one and they work great in -20C conditions. I assume these pants will be about the same, maybe a little warmer. I normally only where a thin layer underneath mine while cursing the arctic conditions we get here.
Don't confuses the Annex I got with the Annex Soft Shell from 2007+ though. These new ones are not insulated.
unsurprisingly nice
These are my second special blend pants ever...and I have to tell you, after wearing special blend I really don't need to try ANY other brand. They fit perfect, they can we tweaked a bit, the vents do exactly what they are supposed to and their placement is flawless. Plus, they look amazing....and about durability...they are meant to last forever. Bottom line: if you haven't tried special blend, PLEASE do so, you won't regret. (I don't work for them, by the way, I just can't believe pants can stand such abuse and still look new)
Jamie from Oregon
Great pants!
Got these for my hubby. He loves them. Keeps him very dry in our wet NW snow. Warm, long enough (he's 6'2), great waist gaitor and big pockets. Fits true to size.
I'm 5'11 at 160lbs. My pant size in jeans...
I'm 5'11 at 160lbs. My pant size in jeans is usually 32" waist / 34" inseam straight fit. I don't usually wear anything baggy. Would the Medium size be too baggy? Should I go for a Small instead?
Yule & Bellow
almost all special blend pants will be too baggy for your taste...no matter what the size, ironically enough special blend makes a pant that is skinny fit, kinda like skinny jeans (i said almost all)SPE0260...copy that into search bar and press enter
Best pants I have ever owned!
I love these pants. I'm 5'10 155lbs and the mediums fit great. Length is a little longer then normal but that's the style right, baggy. Comes with a removable inner liner, which are some nice heavy sweat pants. They have pockets and can be warn as pants by themselves. As for the shell, plenty pockets, main pockets with Velcro and zippers, keeps your keys safe. Wore them in -5 plenty warm as well as water proof.


text:
Originally written on Fox Sports | Last updated 3/1/12
Chicago White Sox catchers A.J. Pierzynski and Tyler Flowers spent time in the offseason getting to know each other. Not by chatting over a burger and a beer, though. They hooked up online playing the video war game ''Call of Duty.'' Pierzynski and the White Sox might see more of Flowers on the field, too. The 26-year-old backup could log more innings behind the plate to spell Pierzynski, who is entering his 15th major league season. Pierzynski, 35, has caught more than 1,000 innings for 10 consecutive seasons. Enter Flowers as the heir apparent. He filled in for Pierzynski after the two-time All-Star broke his left wrist last August, the first time he had gone on the disabled list in his big league career.
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text:
Abstract available in
Claims available in
Description (OCR text may contain errors)
Feb. 14, 1961 L. N. RIDENOUR ETAL 2,972,008
CODING METHODS AND SYSTEM Filed April 23, 1956 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 ,I00 ,500 EGAMERA vIDEo MEMORY 0R DELAY A coNaINING Tvo ""TRANG. LINE FOR ENTIRE CIRCUIT cIRG. VIDEO TRANS- NENDRY FOR PORTION 30 GATING PREGEDING VIDEO OIRGUIT TRANsI'rIoN PERIoD l 00 coNTRoL "\ZIO GATING cIRcuIT H220 cIRcuIT I IIZO SAT N MEMORY FOR PORTION g FOLLOWING vIDEo TRANsITIoN PERIOD IOO C GANERA E A DELAY LINE HAVING Tvc LENGTH EouAL To COMBINING E TRANsITIoN INTERVAL cIRcuIT ,JIIo GATNG DELAY sEcTIoN FOR ,J4oo
- sToRING LAsT GA INTEGRAL LINE L coNTRoL MIXING cIRcuIT [J20 ,Gazo cIRcuIT GATING DELAY sEcTIoN FOR I CIRCUIT sToRING FIRST INTEGRAL LINE 222 INVENTORS LOUIS N.RIDENOUR BY WILLIAM F-GUNNING THEIR ATToR is Feb. 14, 1961 L. N. RIDENOUR ETAL 2,972,008
CODING METHODS AND SYSTEM Filed April 25, 1956 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 A Ab A A1 u A NEW FIELD seems TIME NTERV LEQUAL T0 DELAY. LENG H 0F cmcun A: Al Al LINE INTERVAL t DELAY LINE A2 INTERVAL DELAY A ...A|+A2... a
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c M 05 Nl-Ub:!|T DELAY lLINEI JIOOAl 459g C A ERA Egg l conamme E v1" p us ELECTRONIC SWITCHING D 3 cmcurr F J 00 GATING ccqlgzsg} I 59mm aihMr ms C'RCUT i l J fir 7T T I l I wan-ms eEQ M 2 INVENTORS FIG. 5 LOUIS N. RIDENOUR BY W IAM F.GNNING ,5: W THEIR AT QRNEY Feb. 14, 1961 2,972,008
L. N. RIDENOUR ET AL CODING METHODS AND SYSTEM Filed April 25, 1956 a Sheets-Sheet s A A "I A2 NEW LVJ mew BEG\N5A N l l (J A W $322 320 D W 340 V r) NT :F sc::finunY -B\-STABLEE @Q COUNTER l An Al A2 DEWCE mg sw SW x530 g] L I RA ibscM f pu 2 TIME GENERATOR I61 FIG: 5 TO ELECTRONIC swrrcume CIRCUIT 2 :s 4 l3 l4 l5 l6 oc-o FROM CONTROL CIRCUIT C3 BY WlL IAM F.6UNING THEIR ATTORNEYS rates dfidilt hfice CODING METHDDS AND SYSTEM Louis N. Ridenour, Los Angeles, and William F. Gunning, Anaheim, Calif., assignors, by mesne assignments, to Paramount Pictures Corporation, New York, N.Y., a corporation of New York Filed Apr. '23, 1956, Ser. No. 579373 Claims. (Cl. 1785.1)
This invention relates to coding methods and system for video and, more particularly, to an improvement therein, whereby to substantially reduce the possibility of statistical correlation and thus the breaking of the code.
An inherent limitation in video scrambling systems is that, in spite of the introduction of complicated scrambling functions, certain video discontinuities result from the scrambling which may be detected by correlation techniques to determine the manner in which the scrambling has been performed. Moreover, correlation theory may be utilized to define electronic circuits which then may automatically decode the scrambled transmissions, without the use of any information indicating the scrambling code or key. By correlation is meant the establishment of a relationship between information transmitted in a standard or so -called noncoded mode and information transmitted in a nonstandard or coded mode from which information for decoding may be derived.
One illustration of a video scrambling system wherein the scrambled sequence includes discontinuities which may be correlated in a simple manner is found in thesystetn shown in Figure of United States Patent Number 2,- 547,598, entitled Subscription, Image Transmission System and Apparatus, by E. M. Roschke, issued April 3, 1951. There, the scrambling is described as being achieved by altering the relationship between the video signal and the horizontal sync signals. This alternation is performed at a random rate and results in what may be termed horizontal-shift scrambling.
In the Roschke system mentioned above, the horizontalsweep drive is actuated through a fixed-delay switch, in order to scramble the video transmissions. Horizontalshift scrambling of this type may be correlated by comparing successive video lines in order to determine the magnitude of the difierences therebetween. In addition, other correlation information may be obtained by com paring successive lines with appropriate shifts corresponding to the fixed shft provided by the delay line and switch of the Roschke system. Comparison of successive lines in this manner provides signals indicative of the presence or absence of a shift, and, if present, whether left or right. With this information, the video signals may be properly displayed by selecting proper line signals froma group of video line signals, which are prepared from the line signals under study to have the proper delay compensation.
While simple means for providing correlation have not been previously recognized, it has been appreciated that decoding becomes more difiicult if a plurality of random variables are introduced into the transmission. As a result, many variations in scrambling have been proposed in order to add further complexity to the scrambled video information. For example, a system with two scrambling variables is shown in United States Patent Number 2,- 567,539, entitled Subscriber Television System, by N. W. Aram, issued September 11, 1951. In this system, one of the scrambled variables is transmitted as the modulation component of a radio carrier and the other is transmitted by means of a line.
Increasing the number of variables in a code does not affect the existence of correlation, although detection of correlation does become more difficult. Moreover, as the coding complexity is increased in the transmitter, the complexity of apparatus required for decoding at the receiver is also increased. The present invention obviates these disadvantages by enabling the utilization of a coding system with a reduced or random correlation, wherein a discontinuity which would normally be present is modified in a manner which minimizes or completely destroys the possibility of detection by correlation. Moreover, the apparatus required at a transmitter for obtaining minimal correlation, according to the invention, does not require any other apparatus for receivers which are equipped with decoding apparatus used previously with that transmitter. In other words, with this invention, while decoding by employment of correlation techniques is made more difficult, decoding by subscriber receivers used prior to employing this invention is still possible without any other apparatus.
According to the basic principle of the invention, a random correlation is obtained by storing inseparate memory mediums those portions of the video information to be transmitted which are to immediately precede and those which are to follow a discontinuity which normally occurs; The first stage is to obtain following video in advance so that it can be introduced into the completed sequence as required. The entire video transmission is then stored in a memory, or delayed, for a time interval corresponding to the period during which the video information in the separate memory mediums is combined either to create a transmission with a random point of discontinuity or a transmission where a gradual transition occurs between the portion which would normally precede the discontinuity and that which would follow it.
The basic structural embodiment of the invention may be considered to comprise a first memory device for storing the portion preceding the video transition period, where the transition may be either a random point of discontinuity or a gradual fading from one portion to the next; a second memory for the portion following the video transition period; and a delay or storage device for the entire transmission corresponding to the transition period so that a discontinuity may be replaced with signals obtained from the separate memory devices. The signals of the normal video transmission and those of the memory device are superimposed through a combining or mixing circuit to provide a. composite video transmission which is scrambled with random or reduced correlation.
The present invention is particularly useful when employed with a cryptographic method used for transmitting video of the type wherein all vertical synchronizing information is eliminated, and the vertical retrace interval is indicated by a series of coded signals associated with the horizontal sync signals. This scrambling technique may be referred to as vertical-rolling scrambling, since the resulting scrambled picture appears to roll at a random rate. The vertical-rolling scrambling technique offers an excellent opportunity for the utilization of the random or reduced correlation methods of the present invention, since only a single discontinuity would normally occur, namely, the randomly occurring vertical retrace interval. The present invention, of course, is not limited to utilization in single discontinuity systems of this type. Without the use of the present invention, the verticalrolling scrambling can be readily decoded since it is not too difficult to find and reconstruct the missing vertical information.
In the vertical-rolling system utilization of the invention the last integral line preceding the vertical-blanking interval is the portion of the video information which precedes the discontinuity. This last integral line is stored in a first memory medium which may conveniently be a delay line. The portion which follows the discontinuity in the vertical-rolling scrambling system is the first integral line following the vertical-blanking period which would normally exist.
According to one method of the invention, the video portions in the first and second memory mediums are combined in a manner which provides a gradual transition from the portion preceding the discontinuity to the portion following the discontinuity. The specific circuits employed for this transition may be similar to the wellknown video fading circuits, where one picture is gradually faded as a second picture is introduced.
According to another method of the invention, a random point of scrambling discontinuity is obtained by continuously regenerating the portion preceding the scrambling discontinuity which would normally occur until a random time interval when the portions following the normal scrambling discontinuity are picked up. This second portion is continuously regenerated until the remaining transmission pattern is located with which it is related.
The basic structure of the invention has been described in a very general form, rather than in terms of specific elements or connections, in order to emphasize the general nature of the invention. In its generic nature, then, the invention provides a general class of structure or a general method for coding without correlation.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus wherein, in a coded signal transmission, discontinuities which would give away the scrambling function are reduced or randomly varied to prevent detection by correlation.
Another object of the invention is to provide a coding method and apparatus whereby video information may be scrambled in a manner substantially preventing unscrambling thereof by correlation techniques without necessitati'ng a correspondingly complicated reception method.
A further object of the invention is to provide a coding system for scrambling wherein correlation resulting from scrambling discontinuities is directly varied as a random or transition function.
The novel features which are believed to be characteristic of the invention, both as to its organization and method of operation, together with further objects and advantages thereof, will be better understood from the following description considered in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the invention;
Figure 2 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the invention wherein correlation is eliminated by gradually fading from the last integral line before a scrambling discontinuity to the first integral line follwing the scrambling discontinuity;
Figure 2a is a composite waveform diagram illustrating various signals occurring during the operation of the embodiment of Figure 2;
Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the invention wherein the scrambling discontinuity is randomly varied to prevent correlation;
Figure 3a is a diagram of the waveforms appearing at various points of the embodiment of the invention shown in Figure 3 during a typical operation;
Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of an electronic switching circuit which may be employed in the embodiment of the invention shown in Figure 3; and
Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a control circuit Which may be employed in an embodiment of the invention shown in Figure 3.
Reference is now made to Figure 1, wherein there is shown a basic arrangement for obtaining a coding system with random correlation, according to the present invention. As indicated in Figure l, the invention comprises a first storage medium or memory device 100, which receives video signals from a television camera TVC through video transmitting and scrambling circuits VT, and stores these signals for an interval corresponding to the interval of correlation transition, as will be more fully explained in the detailed explanation which follows. The video transmitting and scrambling circuits are known and form no part tof the present invention and will not be described.
Video signals produced by transmitting circuits VT and stored signals from memory device are routed through first and second gating circuits and 120, respectively, to associated memory devices 210 and 220. Memory device 210 is utilized to store the video signals preceding the video transition period, and memory device 220 is utilized to store the video portions following the video transition period. Gating circuits 110 and are controlled through signals produced by control circuit 300, parts of which may also form part of transmitting circuits VT. Circuit 300 provides signals indicating the occurrenceof certain video signals, as will be explained below.
The stored video signals in memory devices 21.0 and 220 are mixed in gating circuit 4'90. The output signals of gating circuit 490 are then combined with thevideo signals in memory device 100 in a combining circuit 500. The combining circuit provides output signals coded with reduced or random correlation which may then be transmitted.
The embodiment of Figure 1 has been presented in a very generalized form in order to indicate the generic scope of the invention. To assist in understanding this invention, a more specific arrangement is shown in Figure 2, which is employed, for example, with the verticalrolling scrambling arrangement previously mentioned. Reference is also made to Figure 2a, illustrating wave shapes typical of those obtained with operation of the embodiment of Figure 2.
As indicated in Figure 2, memory circuit 100 can comprise a delay line having a length equal to the transition interval. In this particular utilization of the invention, the last integral line in a given field is the portion which precedes the video transition period, and the first integral line in the following field is the portion which follows the video transition period. The last and first lines are stored in video de1ay-line memories 210 and 220, respectively. Suitable forms of video delay lines are described in United States Patent Number 2,624,804, for Solid Delay Line, by Arenberg, issued January 6, 1953.
The gating circuits 110 and 120 shown in Figure 2 operate in a manner similar to those represented in Figure 1, except that they are also respectively utilized to provide two circulation paths which respectively include delay sections 210 and 220, the signals of which are respectively passed through appropriate amplification stages 212, 222, as indicated. The video signals B and C produced by delay lines 210 and 220 are combined in a gating and mixing circuit 490 which produces a composite signal D which is similar to the signals of video waveform B at the beginning of the video transition and gradually become similar to the waveform C at the end of the transition period. Signals D and delayed signals A, corresponding to the normal video transmission A, produced by circuit VT, are combined in a combining circuit 500 to produce scrambled signals with reduced or minimum correlation designated as signal E in Figures 2 and 2a.
The operation of the embodiment of the invention shown in Figure 2 is best understood by referring to the composite waveform diagram of Figure 2a. It will be noted that in Figure 2:: time is assumed to increase from that the transition period or interval may assume. the enitre vertical-blanking interval is to be utilized for .made due to the fact that if standard interlace transmission is utilized the vertical-blanking signal would cut out one-half of the last line and one-half of the first line during alternate fields. It is not necessary, of course, that standard interlace be utilized in practicing the invention.
In operation, control circuit 3% produces a signal indicating the time when the last integral line Al is available in signal A, at the output circuit of delay line 100. The particular time when this occurs is a function of the delay-line length of circuit 1% which has not yet been specified since this depends upon the length of the transition interval, which will be explained. However, the manner in which such a control signal may be obtained is believed to be well known in the electronic art; specific illustration of suitable circuits, therefore, is deemed unnecessary.
The signal indicating the availability of line Al in memory 100 is utilized to route this line through circuit 110 to delay section 210, which has a circulation path completed through circuit 110 and produces corresponding delayed output signals B as indicated in Figure 2a.
Thus, the waveform B appears as a series of repetitions of the waveform portion A1 corresponding to a series of regenerations in delay section 219.
Control circuit 300 also produces a gating signal indi cating when the first integral line of the next field is available before entering memory This gating signal is utilized to control the operation of gating circuit 120 to route the first line into delay section 22!}, which has its circulation path completed through circuit 120 and produces a corresponding output signal C delayed by one line interval, as indicated in Figure 2a. The waveform C, then, is a series of repetitions of the waveform portion A2 obtained from signal A and corresponding to the first integral line of a new field following the verticalblanking interval Ab.
The signals B and C, then, are mixed in circuit 400 in a gradual fading manner so that the output signal D produced thereby initially corresponds to waveform portion Al and is gradually faded into waveform portion A2. The halfway transition signal, indicated as is shown in order to illustrate the typical waveform pattern of a signal during the transition period.
At this point it is helpful to consider the varying lengths If plus one line interval.
However, the transition interval may be shorter than the vertical-blanking period and, in this case, the last integral line before the vertical-blanking period is regenerated without fading and combined with the remainder of the video transmission in combining circuit 500. The transition interval may begin at any time in the remainder of the vertical interval and after the time when the first integral line is available from circuit VT. In this situation, delay line 100 has a length which is shorter than the vertical-blanking period by an amount corresponding to the period between the availability of the last integral line and the availability of the first integral line.
The waveform B, then, appears at the output circuit of combining circuit 500 delayed with respect to the signals proudced by circuit VT by an amount equal to the transition interval or the corresponding length of delay line 100. The waveform E, it will be noted, is composed of the waveform A plus the waveform D. The complete video transmission then comprises a series of video lines without any point of sharp ever-present discontinuity during any portion of the transmission. Thus, it is very much more diflicult and perhaps even impossible for a nonsubscriber to determine the time for the vertical retrace by correlating the scrambled picture which he receives line by line. Moreover, the coded information, transmitted to the subscriber, is made no more complicated by the method of preventing correlation just described.
Another form of the invention is shown in Figure 3, where correlation is eliminated by randomly varying the point of discontinuity between the last integral line of a field and the first integral line of the next field in a vertical-rolling type of scrambling system. As indicated in Figure 3, the embodiment comprises an N-unit delay line for receiving the signals A produced by circuit VT and producing N discrete series of video-output signals corresponding to N discrete points of random correlation, as will be described. The total delay length of line 100 corresponds, as above, to the transition period which in this case is the period of random points of correlation.
The signals produced by delay line 100 are routed through an electronic switching circuit 115, providing a selection function which replaces the separate gating circuits 110 and 120, as in Figures 1 and 2. The signals produced by switching circuit 115 are entered into a memory device 215, which provides a storage capacity corresponding to both memory devices 210 and \220 of Figure 1. Memory device 215 is illustrated as a cathoder-ay tube storage device, in order to indicate another possible storage medium which may be utilized. The signals produced by storage tube 215 are amplified and applied to a gating circuit 400, which routes output signals from memory device 215 to combining circuit 500 under the control of circuit 300 during the transition interval.
Several suitable types of storage tubes are available. For example, a Graphechon may be utilized, the characteristics of which are described on pages 230 through 250 of an article by A. H. Benner et al., entitled Graphechon Writing Characteristics, published in the RCA Review, volume XII, June 1951. Another tube which is suitable is the Metrechon, described on pages 145 through 162 of an article entitled The Metrechona Halftone-Picture Storage Tube, by L. Pensak, published in the RCA Review, volume 15, June 1954. In addition, other storage tubes are described in a book entitled Storage Tubes and Their Basic Principles, by M. Knoll et al.,
published in 1952 by John Wiley & Sons, New York.
In the embodiment of the invention shown in Figure 3, the last integral line is selected through switching circuit 115 and is continuously regenerated until a random time interval occurs, the time interval being specified by a control signal Sw produced by control circuit 300. When control signal Sw is received, as indicated in Figure 3a, the first integral line is read from delay line through electronic switching circuit and applied to storage tube circuit 215.
As a result, the waveform D includes a point of discontinuity between the last integral line and the first integral line at a random point which is determined by the occurrence of switching signal Sw. The entry of both the last and first integrallines into storage tube 215 makes it unnecessary to include a mixing circuit, since the information in the storage tube is changed at the desired point of random discontinuity. It will be understood, of course, that a delay line or other storage medium may be utilized in the place of tube 215.
It is believed that the composite waveform diagram of Figure 3:: will be understood without further explanation due to its similarity to Figure 2a. The principal difference is the existence of a random point of discontinuity rather than a gradual transition interval.
Figures 4 and 5 have been included to illustrate typical suitable forms of switching circuit 115 and control circuit 300. Reference is now made to Figure 4, which is a schematic diagram of switching circuit 115. It is assumed that a total of 16 discrete points are available in delay line 100, which may comprise quartz delay-line sections of the type described in the above-mentioned patent by Arenberg. It is further assumed that switching point 16 is utilized to pick up the last integral line when it becomes available as indicated by a control signal L. This control signal is produced by a signal generator 310 (Figure 5) in control circuit 300. Essentially, the switching circuit 1151s a digital switching matrix such as is described on pages 40 through 43 of High-Speed Computing Devices by Engineering Research Associates, published in 1950 by the McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York and London. A logical represen tation including video AND gates 1154 through 1 15-16 is utilized in order to clearly present the switching function which is utilized. Essentially, each video AND gate is controlled by a different binary signal set in accordance with a conventional binary code as indicated in Table 1 below:
Table I c4 03 02 01 Switching Point The signal pairs 01, C2, C3, and C4 are produced by binary counting stages in counter 320 of control circuit 300. Each pair includes a l-representing signal and a O-reprcsenting signal. Table 1 indicates, then, the particular switching point which is selected for each of the code combinations shown. Thus the code combination 0010 selects switching point 3 and routes signals produced by delay line 100 from the corresponding point 3 through a video AND gate 115-3. It will be noted that each AND gate is also controlled by the control signal Sw produced by a random-pulse generator 330 of control circuit 36%. Thus, it is only at such time as signal Sw indicates that the first integral line is to be routed to storage tube 215 that the selection, according to the setting of counter 32 is made.
The operation of the random selection may be better understood after considering the control circuit of Figure 5 in further detail. It WillbC noted that control circuit 301? includes a bistable device 340, such as a flipfiop circuit, in addition to the other circuits previously mentioned. Bistable device 341) is set to one stable state when the last line has been located, as indicated by signal L. This setting of device 340 initiates the counting operation of counter "321 by enabling AND gate 322 allowing pulses Cp to be passed to the counter which counts signals Cp, one pulse Cp being produced at the beginning of each line interval.
Device 340 is reset to its other stable state upon receipt of the leading portion of signal Sw, indicating that counting is to cease and that a selection is to be made through switching circuit -115 according to the counter setting. Since signal Sw occurs at any random time, due to the nature of randonnpulse generator 330, the setting of counter 320 will be a random one. In addition to terminating the counting operation, the trailing portion of signal Sw is also utilized to reset counter 320 to state 1111, so that the last integral line will be selected through switching point 16 upon receipt of the next control signal L as a part of the next cycle of operation.
It may be seen, then, that essentially the operation of switching circuit 115 is first to route the last integral line to storage tube 215 and to then sequentially scan the other output points of delay line so as to continuously follow the first integral line. In the particular illustration described, the scanning is assumed to commence as soon as the last line has been located. This necessitates that delay line 100 be'as long as the interval between the first and last integral lines. However, it is also possible to pick up the last integral line through switching point 16 and then to wait until a second control signal is produced by signal generator 310, indicating the availability of the first integral line where delay line 100 is shorter than the vertical-blanking period.
It is not considered that a more detailed explanation of the circuits of Figures 4 and 5 will aid in the understanding of the basicconcept of the invention. Moreover, the circuits which are shown are assumed to he conventional and may be found in textbooks relating to TV engineering, such as Television Engineering, by Donald G. Fink, published in 1952 by the McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., or in textbooks relating to computing techniques, such as the above-mentioned High-Speed Computing Devices. The text by D. G. Fink also provides information regarding suitable forms for the videogating circuits described and for combining circuit 500 as Well as suitable types of video amplifiers.
From the foregoing description, it is apparent that the present invention provides a coding system or corresponding method wherein one or more discontinuities which might serve as clues to enable the discovery of a scrambling function may be reduced or randomly varied to disguise their presence and reduce the possibility of unauthorized decoding by correlation methods. It has been pointed out that the methods and circuits described do not necessitate further complexity in receivers where the subscribers code is available.
An attempt has been made to illustrate the invention in a very general manner, since a considerable class of circuits may be utilized to realize the inventive concept or method. Thus, a very large class of storage mediums are suitable, delay lines and a cathode-ray storage tube being specifically illustrated.
While only two basic methods have been described relating to the reduction of correlation through a gradual transition function and the prevention of correlation by means of a random function, it will be understood that other techniques may be applied, as for example, a combination of these two methods where gradual fading forms apart of the transition period and a random discontinuity is introduced at a subsequent point.
We claim: a
l. A system for minimizing the possibility of unscrambling by utilizing correlation techniques resulting from the introduction of functions into information transniitted by the introduction of discontinuities therein with a preset period for transition from information-to-discontinunity and from discontinuity-to-information, said system comprising first means for receiving and storing the entire transmission for a period corresponding to the interval selected for a transition from the information portion to precede a discontinuity in information transmission to that po1tion to follow the discontinuity, second means for selecting and storing the information portion to precede said transition period, third means for selecting and storing the portion to follow said transition period, fourth means coupled to said second and third means for combining selected portions of the signals produced by said second and third means to produce a composite output signal with minimized correlation to said discontinuity, and fifth means coupling said first and fourth means for combining the stored transmission and the composite signal produced by said fifth means to form a transmission where discontinuities have been minimized.
2. A circuit for minimizing signal correlation in scrambled signal information having discontinuities with a predetermined interval being provided for transition between the transmission-of-signal information and the discontinuity and the resumption of the transmission-of-signal information after the discontinuity, said circuit comprising first and second memory devices for storing those portions of the signal information which are respectively to precede and follow any discontinunity which would normally occur, a third memory device for storing all signal information for a time interval corresponding to the period of transition desired between the portion preceding and the portion following discontinuities, first and second gating circuits for selecting said preceding and following portions and entering said portions into said first and second memory devices, respectively, a third gating circuit coupled to said first and second memory devices for mixing the signals corresponding to said preceding and following portions to minimize correlation with said discontinuities, and an output circuit for combining said information signals with the fixed signals produced by said third gating circuit to produce a composite output signal with minimal correlation.
3. The circuit defined in claim 2 wherein said first and second memory devices include means to return the output signals produced by said first and second memory devices, respectively, through said first and second gating circuits, and wherein said third gating circuit includes means to provide a gradual fading from the signal produced by said first delay section to the signal produced by said second delay section to produce a mixed signal where a gradual transition is performed to minimize correlation.
4. A system for minimizing correlation possibilities in a coded video transmission having portions transmitted in a normal mode and portions transmitted in a coded mode with predetermined transition periods before and after coded mode transmissions comprising an N-unit delay line having a total delay time substantially equal to the period of transition between the coded-mode and normal-mode portions of said transmission, means for ap plying said coded video to said N-unit delay line, an electronic switching device having N-input circuits coupled to said N-units of said delay line, storage means coupled to receive an output from said electronic switching device, means to sequentially switch at random intervals said electronic switching device to successive units of said delay line to store in said storage means selected signal changes occurring between normal-mode and coded-mode portions of said transmission, means to read out said stored signal changes from said storage means, and means at the output of said N-unit delay line to insert said signal changes read out from said storage means into the transition period of said coded video transmission existing between normal-mode and coded-mode portions of said transmission.
5. In a video transmission system wherein a video scrambling operation is performed, a circuit for performing a gradual transition from the portion of said videov transmission signals preceding a video discontinuity to the portion of said video transmission signals following a video discontinuity occurring in said scrambling operation, said circuit comprising a first and second gating circuit having an input and an output, first means for applying said video transmission signals to said first gating circuit input, second means for applying said video transmission signals to said second gating circuit input, control circuit means coupled to said gating circuits for respectively enabling said first gating circuit during the occurrence of first signals and said second gating circuit during the occurrence of second signals where said first signals represent the last integral video signal portion preceding said discontinuity and said second signals represent the first integral video signal portion following said discontinuity, a first delay section connected to said first gate circuit output for receiving said first video signals, said first delay section including means for circulating its contents in a circulating path including said first gating circuit for producing a series of first video signals, a second delay section connected to said second gate circuit output for receiving said second video signals, said second delay section including means for circulating its contents in a circulating path including said second gating circuit for producing a series of second video signals, gating and mixing circuit means coupled to said first and second delay sections for producing third video signals from first and second video signals received from said first and second delay sections, said third video signals comprising signals corresponding to a gradual transition from said first video signals to said second video signals, a delay line having an input and output and providing a delay interval equal to the transition interval from said first video signals to said second video signals, means for applying said video transmission signals to said delay line, said first means for applying said transmission signals to said first gating cirouit being connected to said delay line input, said second means for applying said transmission signals to said second gating circuit being connected to said delay line output, and a combining circuit connected to said delay line output and to receive third signals from said gating and mixing circuit for producing combined signals comprising a composite video transmission having minimized correlation. 6
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,398,641 Homrighous Apr. 16, 1946 2,523,556 Burrell Sept. 26, 1950 2,752,415 Roschke June 26, 1956 2,769,854 Bridges Nov. 6, 1956
Patent Citations
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STMicroelectronics to Webcast Investors & Analysts Day GENEVA -- (Marketwired) -- 05/15/13 -- STMicroelectronics (NYSE: STM), a global semiconductor leader serving customers across the spectrum of electronics applications, announced that it will webcast live its 2013 Investors & Analysts meeting from London, UK, on Thursday, May 16, from 10:00 am to 2:00 pm CET (9:00 am - 1:00 pm GMT). ST management will present ST's positioning within a general market overview, together with its highlights of its product roadmaps. The live webcast featuring video, audio and presentation slides can be accessed through the Investor Relations section http://investors.st.com of ST's web site. An archived replay will be available shortly after the end of the meeting. About STMicroelectronics ST is a global leader in the semiconductor market serving customers across the spectrum of sense and power and automotive products and embedded processing solutions. From energy management and savings to trust and data security, from healthcare and wellness to smart consumer devices, in the home, car and office, at work and at play, ST is found everywhere microelectronics make a positive and innovative contribution to people's life. By getting more from technology to get more from life, ST stands for life.augmented. In 2012, the Company's net revenues were $8.49 billion. Further information on ST can be found at www.st.com ST WEBCAST INVESTOR DAY: http://hugin.info/152740/R/1702223/562383.pdf For further information, please contact: INVESTOR RELATIONS: Tait Sorensen Group VP, Investor Relations Tel: +1 602 485 2064 firstname.lastname@example.com MEDIA RELATIONS: Nelly Dimey Director, Corporate Media and Public Relations Tel: +33 1 58 07 77 85 email@example.com
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2015 Tour de France: Interesting Facts and Prognostications
This year's tour is shaping up to be a classic. Here's some good reads to prepare you for the coming weeks of cycling.
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I haven't been on here for ages! seems like forever!!
I've unpacked as much as is necessary for a full functioning family, and now I have the shitty job of going through all the other boxes that were filled with 'stuff' from the basement.
At the moment the one room is full of mostly empty boxes and I'm waiting for tomorrow for garbage day to be able to throw them out and then see what needs to be done next.
I had a mission to get the house straight in time for Matthew's 6th birthday party which is this coming Saturday. 17 little kids will be here - OMG! Plus my in-laws are coming to town and staying with us. Plus my brother (yay) and his wife are driving down to stay with us. This house will be a FULL house!
I'm very low, down in the dumps :( weather sucks! rain all summer long and pisses me off when dh says he won't run an errand today cause its raining! Should I not walk the kids to school cause it's raining and I don't want to get wet!!
Marcus was away for 2 weeks camp, he had a blast and wasn't home sick at all.
makes me sad to say the house was a pleasure without him mixing things up and causing havoc! (but I did miss him). Home just 2 days and already I'm so annoyed. The other two played fantastically without him.
I'll have to read all the back posts to find out how you all are. Most of you are back at school, just the east coast left to go, right?
Mine go back same time as East coast. 6 weeks vacation seems just the right length of time. Long enough to have a good break but not too long.
BTW did I mention I need to loose weight! somehow put on almost 5 pounds :(
friend convinced me to sign up for a triathlon with her. She did her swim training while away on holiday - yikes! I've got a lot to do and struggling to see how I'm going to do it. not exercised for one month with the boys home I can't do it.
happy thoughts.......happy thoughts.......


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