text:
Source: Mt. Baldy Ski Lifts Inc
Plan a summer camping trip on Mount Baldy, where furnished tent-cabins pepper the mountainside and overlook stunning terrain.
June 28, 2015 - Oct. 31, 2015; dates vary by voucher (blackout dates apply)
Source: Cafe Vida - Culver City
Huffington Post calls Cafe Vida an "extraordinary little restaurant," serving organic Californian and Latin cuisine to Culver City's downtown district.
Through Oct. 31, 2015
Source: Spa Palace
For 40% off, get a day pass to Spa Palace and take advantage of this Korean-style spa's host of amenities.
Through Oct. 1, 2015; 6 a.m.-10 p.m.
Source: Culina at Four Seasons Beverly Hills
This "it spot" (Hollywood Reporter) is touted as an "Italian oasis in Beverly Hills" (UrbanDaddy) and boasts an "excellent" (25) Zagat rating.
Through Sept. 2, 2015; Sunday-Thursday
Source: LEGOLAND California
Visit LEGOLAND California, LEGOLAND Water Park and SEA LIFE Aquarium for less than the regular price of daily admission, then return for four additional consecutive days for free.
Valid for use any regular operating day through Nov. 1
Source: Chuan Spa at The Langham Huntington, Pasadena
Chuan Spa brings "a new level of sophistication to the California suburbs" (Travel + Leisure) at this "Pasadena landmark" hotel (Conde Nast Traveler).
Through July 31, 2015; Monday-Friday
Source: ONYX Restaurant
Dine on "delectable Asian-influenced seafood creations" (Time Out Los Angeles) at ONYX Restaurant at the Four Seasons Hotel Westlake Village.
Through Aug. 31, 2015; Monday-Thursday
Source: Gotham Dream Cars
Get behind the wheel of a Ferrari or Lamborghini on a private course and save 50% on regular prices.
Select dates through Dec. 30, 2015
Source: TheSpa Sante and Salon
The SpaSante and Salon is the area's "'go-to' spa sanctuary" (Day Spa magazine). Save 55% on a massage and facial.
Through Oct. 30, 2015; limited availability on Saturdays & Sundays
Source: Cicada Restaurant
Gayot says "it doesn't get much more glamorous than" dining at Cicada restaurant, located in LA's first art deco building, erected in 1928.
Through Aug. 29, 2015; Wednesday-Saturday; blackout dates apply
Source: Painting & Vino
Unleash your inner Monet at a three-hour, step-by-step painting class held at restaurant locations across the city.
Through Sept. 30, 2015; select dates
Source: Wat Po Thai Spa
Visit Wat Po for a traditional Thai massage with add-ons at 50% off. Choose from their West LA and West Hollywood locations.
Through Dec. 13, 2015
Source: Chado Tea Room
Save 50% on afternoon tea for two at Chado Tea Room, which Frommer's calls a "temple for tea lovers."
Through Nov. 30, 2015; Monday-Friday and Sundays
Source: Irwindale Speedway and Event Center
Watch NASCAR and drag-racers put the pedal to the metal and try your hand at go-kart racing during a night at Irwindale Speedway with dinner.
Through Dec. 17, 2015; dates vary by voucher
Source: Balance Spa at the InterContinental Los Angeles Century City
Travel + Leisure hails the "spectacular stress-relieving treatments" at Balance Spa at the InterContinental Los Angeles Century City.
Through Dec. 30, 2015; Monday-Friday
Source: Scratch|Bar
The Beverly Hills gastropub is touted for its "highly inventive dishes" that are "attractively presented" (LA Times).
Through Aug. 31, 2015
Source: Zeel
Relax and refresh in the comfort of your own home -- or hotel room -- and save on massages booked with Zeel, the "Uber of at-home massages" (Elle).
Through July 31, 2015
Source: Onyx Lounge
Located in one of LA's original banks built in the early 1900's, Onyx Lounge "adds a taste of history downtown" (Eater LA).
Through Nov. 21, 2015; Dinner: Tuesday-Saturday; Brunch: Sundays only
Source: Il Grano Italian Restaurant
Taste Italian cuisine rated "extraordinary" (26) at "elegant" Il Grano (Zagat), a top West LA pick and a nine-time OpenTable Diners' Choice Award winner.
Through Sept. 30, 2015
Source: Portofino Cucina Italiana
Downtown's Portofino Cucina Italiana is a "cozy Italian neighborhood spot" (Gayot). Save more than 50% on dinner for two with a bottle of bubbly.
Through Aug. 17, 2015; closed Tuesdays


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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Actors Arjun Kapoor and Alia Bhatt Friday unveiled the trailer of the film "2 States", based on Chetan Bhagat's bestseller "2 States: The Story Of My Marriage".
The film's plot revolves around a Punjabi boy, who falls in love with a Tamil girl. The regional and cultural clash that it leads to is what forms the rest of the story.
The trailer, which was launched at an event here, captures some fun as well as intense moments of the movie. Both the lead actors are upbeat about the movie, which is directed by Abhishek Varman and co-produced by Karan Johar's Dharma Productions and Sajid Nadiadwala's Nadiadwala Grandson Entertainment.
"It's a dream come true for me to be part of this film. I'm grateful to Karan Johar, Sajid Nadiadwala and Chetan Bhagat to have cast me in '2 States'," Arjun told reporters at the event.
Alia, who is riding high on the success of "Highway", said: "I was reading '2 States' while I was shooting for 'Student Of The Year'. I never thought a film will be made on this and I really liked the character of Ananya in the book. She is damn cool and I am happy to do this film."
The movie will release April 18.
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eagerly waiting for alia bhatt after watching highway.!!!!
Eagerly waiting fr ths movie!! Alia-Arjun gonna make d movie worth wait!!
"Gunday" actor Arjun Kapoor has been announced as the brand ambassador ... 1
Actors Ranbir Kapoor and Ranveer Singh as well as filmmaker Karan ...


text:
August 18, 2010
Photo by Tom Ross
A member of the Drepung Loseling monks begins the transformation of the compassion Buddha mandala before more than 300 intensely curious onlookers in Library Hall at Bud Werner Memorial Library on Wednesday night. The program continued with a short parade on 13th Street and a riverside ceremony.
©2015 Steamboat Pilot & Today
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Cheek by Jowl was established in 1981 by its co-Artistic Directors Declan Donnellan and Nick Ormerod. The company is dedicated to producing fresh and vivid productions that focus on the actor's art. Cheek by Jowl produces work in English, French and Russian. The company has performed in 380 cities in over 50 countries spanning six continents.
Cheek by Jowl's first production was William Wycherley's The Country Wife, presented at the Edinburgh Festival in 1981 and supported by a small Arts Council grant. Before long the company received its first official invitations to perform abroad, taking their productions of Vanity Fair and Pericles to the Almagro, Valladolid and Jerusalem festivals in 1984. These productions were subsequently invited to perform in London at the Donmar Warehouse.
For that first London season Cheek by Jowl won the Laurence Olivier Award for Most Promising Newcomer in 1986, with more than half of the company's plays receiving Olivier awards. The company grew rapidly throughout the 1980s - creating 18 productions in ten years, touring across five continents and giving more than 1,500 performances. By 1990, The Independent could say that, "If there is one company to have influenced British theatre in the 1980s, it is Cheek by Jowl."
In 1997, Donnellan and Ormerod directed and designed The Winter's Tale for the Maly Drama Theatre of Saint-Petersburg, a production which went on to win Russia's prestigious Golden Mask Award. Throughout the 1990s the Russian Theatre Confederation had regularly invited Cheek by Jowl to Moscow as a part of the Chekhov International Theatre Festival; this relationship with Russia intensified in 1999, when the Chekhov International Theatre Festival, under the leadership of Valery Shadrin, commissioned Donnellan and Ormerod to form their own company of Russian actors in Moscow. This company performs in Russia and internationally and its current repertoire includes Boris Godunov by Pushkin, Twelfth Night and The Tempest by Shakespeare, and Three Sisters by Chekhov. 2013 saw Cheek by Jowl's first full co-production in Russia with Measure for Measure co-produced by Moscow's Pushkin Theatre.
The core of the Cheek by Jowl's repertoire has always been Shakespeare; by the time of The Tempest in 2010 the company had presented no fewer than 13 of Shakespeare's plays. Another of the company's principles has been to present major works of European drama, both in translation and their original versions. To date Cheek by Jowl has given the British premières of 10 European classics including The Cid by Corneille and Andromache by Racine, over three hundred years since they were first presented in Paris.
In addition to their work in English and with Russian, Cheek by Jowl also works in French. In 2007 Peter Brook invited Donnellan and Ormerod to form a group of French actors. The result was a French language production of Andromaque by Racine, co-produced with Paris' Bouffes du Nord, which toured throughout the UK and Europe in 2008/2009. The company's latest production is Ubu Roi by Alfred Jarry. The production features many of the actors from Andromaque, and marks another new phase in Cheek by Jowl's relationship with France, as the first production on which the company is lead-producing in a foreign language and culture.
Cheek by Jowl
The Barbican Centre
Silk Street
London EC2Y 8DS
General Enquiries
Tel: +44 (0)20 7382 2391
E-mail: email@example.com
General Manager
Caroline Begalla
Tel: +44 (0)20 7382 7304
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Development and Marketing Manager
Sarah Fortescue
Tel: +44 (0)20 7382 6176
Email: email@example.com
UK Press Agent
Kate Morley at Kate Morley PR
Tel: +44 7970 465 648
Email: email@example.com
Office Assistant and PA to the Artistic Directors
Simone Ibbett-Brown
Tel: +44 (0)20 7382 2391
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Dominic Kennedy
Tel: +44 (0)20 7382 7202
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Executive Director
Beth Byrne
Tel: +44 (0)20 7382 2353
E-mail: email@example.com


text:
Geographical Diversification: An Application of Copula Based CVaR
No abstract is available for this item.
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| Web page: http://www.agfin.ifas.ufl.edu/
References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
- Alexander, S. & Coleman, T.F. & Li, Y., 2006. "Minimizing CVaR and VaR for a portfolio of derivatives," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 30(2), pages 583-605, February.
- Hennessy, David A. & Lapan, Harvey E., 2002. "Use of Archimedean Copulas to Model Portfolio Allocations, The," Staff General Research Papers 5223, Iowa State University, Department of Economics.
- Mishra, Ashok K. & Lence, Sergio H., 2005.
"Risk Management by Farmers, Agribusinesses, and Lenders,"
Staff General Research Papers
12607, Iowa State University, Department of Economics.
- Ashok K. Mishra & Sergio H. Lence, 2005. "Risk management by farmers, agribusinesses, and lenders," Agricultural Finance Review, Emerald Group Publishing, vol. 65(2), pages 131-148, July.
- Mark R. Manfredo & Raymond M. Leuthold, 2001. "Market risk and the cattle feeding margin: An application of Value-at-Risk," Agribusiness, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 17(3), pages 333-353.
- Philippe Artzner & Freddy Delbaen & Jean-Marc Eber & David Heath, 1999. "Coherent Measures of Risk," Mathematical Finance, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 9(3), pages 203-228.
- Suleyman Basak & Alex Shapiro, .
"Value-at-Risk Based Risk Management: Optimal Policies and Asset Prices,"
Rodney L. White Center for Financial Research Working Papers
06-99, Wharton School Rodney L. White Center for Financial Research.
- Basak, Suleyman & Shapiro, Alexander, 2001. "Value-at-Risk-Based Risk Management: Optimal Policies and Asset Prices," Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 14(2), pages 371-405.
- Suleyman Basak & Alex Shapiro, . "Value-at-Risk Based Risk Management: Optimal Policies and Asset Prices," Rodney L. White Center for Financial Research Working Papers 6-99, Wharton School Rodney L. White Center for Financial Research.
- Suleyman Basak & Alexander Shapiro, 1999. "Value-at-Risk Based Risk Management: Optimal Policies and Asset Prices," New York University, Leonard N. Stern School Finance Department Working Paper Seires 99-032, New York University, Leonard N. Stern School of Business-.
- Zhang, Rui (Carolyn) & Houston, Jack E. & Vedenov, Dmitry V. & Barnett, Barry J., 2007. "Hedging Downside Risk to Farm Income with Futures and Options: Effects of Government Payment Programs and Federal Crop Insurance Plans," 2007 Annual Meeting, July 29-August 1, 2007, Portland, Oregon TN 9911, American Agricultural Economics Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association).
- Ehling, Paul & Ramos, Sofia B., 2006.
"Geographic versus industry diversification: Constraints matter,"
Journal of Empirical Finance,
Elsevier, vol. 13(4-5), pages 396-416, October.
- Ehling, Paul & Ramos, Sofia Brito, 2005. "Geographic versus industry diversification: constraints matter," Working Paper Series 0425, European Central Bank.
- Paul EHLING & Sofia B. RAMOS, 2004. "Geographic Versus Industry Diversification: Contraints Matter," FAME Research Paper Series rp113, International Center for Financial Asset Management and Engineering.
- Stoica, George, 2006. "Relevant coherent measures of risk," Journal of Mathematical Economics, Elsevier, vol. 42(6), pages 794-806, September.
- Zhu, Ying & Ghosh, Sujit K. & Goodwin, Barry K., 2008. "Modeling Dependence in the Design of Whole Farm---A Copula-Based Model Approach," 2008 Annual Meeting, July 27-29, 2008, Orlando, Florida 6282, American Agricultural Economics Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association).
- Blank, Steven C., 2000.
"A Portfolio Of Threats To American Agriculture,"
2000 Annual Meeting, June 29-July 1, 2000, Vancouver, British Columbia
36349, Western Agricultural Economics Association.
- Steven C. Blank, 2002. "A Portfolio Of Threats To American Agriculture," Contemporary Economic Policy, Western Economic Association International, vol. 20(4), pages 381-393, October.
- Stambaugh, Fred, 1996. "Risk and value at risk," European Management Journal, Elsevier, vol. 14(6), pages 612-621, December.
- Anthony Hatherley & Jamie Alcock, 2007. "Portfolio construction incorporating asymmetric dependence structures: a user's guide," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 47(3), pages 447-472.
- Qian, Gongming, 2002. "Multinationality, product diversification, and profitability of emerging US small- and medium-sized enterprises," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 17(6), pages 611-633, October.
- Ani L. Katchova, 2005.
"The Farm Diversification Discount,"
American Journal of Agricultural Economics,
Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 87(4), pages 984-994.
- Katchova, Ani L., 2004. "The Farm Diversification Discount," 2004 Annual meeting, August 1-4, Denver, CO 20068, American Agricultural Economics Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association).
- Carrieri, Francesca & Errunza, Vihang & Sarkissian, Sergei, 2006. "The Dynamics of Geographic versus Sectoral Diversification: Is There a Link to the Real Economy?," Working Papers 06-4, University of Pennsylvania, Wharton School, Weiss Center.
- Liang, Nellie & Rhoades, Stephen A., 1988. "Geographic diversification and risk in banking," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 40(4), pages 271-284, November.
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Find hotels in Thal using the list and search tools below. Explore our guide for inexpensive and discount hotel/motel rates in or near Thal, Switzerland for your business or personal leisure travel. Discover the most popular Thal hotel/motel rooms. Review the Thal hotel list below to find the perfect lodging. We also have a map of the Thal hotels.The Thal center point is approximately 8 miles from Hohenems-Dornbirn Airport and 16 miles from City Centre Feldkirch.
Thal Hotels/Accommodations
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text:
They sing, dance, laugh, ride bicycles, marry, play instruments, and eat.
What made more sense than to sing a niggun, a tune of longing and exaltation?
Mazor performs "Rak Bishvilo", which she'll also sing at the Eurovision finals in Sweden next month.
Old English singan "to chant, sing, celebrate, or tell in song," also used of birds (class III strong verb; past tense sang, past participle sungen), from Proto-Germanic *sengwan (cf. Old Saxon singan, Old Frisian sionga, Middle Dutch singhen, Dutch zingen, Old High German singan, German singen, Gothic siggwan, Old Norse syngva, Swedish sjunga), from PIE root *sengwh- "to sing, make an incantation." The criminal slang sense of "to confess to authorities" is attested from 1610s.
No related forms in other languages, unless perhaps it is connected to Greek omphe "voice" (especially of a god), "oracle;" and Welsh dehongli "explain, interpret." The typical Indo-European root is represented by Latin canere (see chant (v.)). Other words meaning "sing" derive from roots meaning "cry, shout," but Irish gaibim is literally "take, seize," with sense evolution via "take up" a song or melody.
"act of singing," especially collective, 1850, from sing (v.).
adverb phrase
For a very long time: They've known each other since the year one/ This is Mozab. I've known him since the Year One (1970s+)


text:
TuneECU for 990 - got tunes?
View Single Post
Gnarly Adventurer
Joined: Oct 2009
Location: Marietta
Oddometer: 119
15 min trick
The 15 min trick works for some resetting but it WILL NOT WORK when doing this much work. KTM has a specialty tool that does a hard reset for your ECU. Save your self a lot of hard ake, bring your bike to a dealer and have them reset the ECU and load the map of your choice. Only then will your bike run properly.
good Luck
Originally Posted by
Removed the canister and the SAS and disabled both using TunceECU (v. 2.5.3) on my 2011 990 Adventure Dakar Edition. I then installed the Rottweiler filter and loaded the 2-into-1 map from the TuneECU website. Did the 15 reset adaptation and I'm still getting the FI light blinking. I noticed that the TPS was at 0.72.
Following the directions on
this thread
, I adjusted the throttle position sensor twice: first so that it reads 0.65v, and a second time to read 0.58 v. in both cases, the following error message shows up in TunceECU and the FI light blinks (a cycle of 7 blinks, then a pause):
P0223 2nd throttle position sensor, high voltage or short circuit to battery
I also did a 15 min Reset Adaption after the first adjustment.
The 2nd Throttle test on the Test tab in TuneECU passes and returns the error message is replaced with "No errors". However, the FI light still blinks, and after I re-cycle the switch, the P0223 error returns.
Is the "2nd TPS" the same as "TPS" ? Is this a reference to the TPS on the rear cylinder? Does it need to be adjusted separately from the front TPS?
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text:
Press release from Business Wire
Jabil to Acquire Telmar Network Technology

 Acquisition Enhances Aftermarket Services Offering

Thursday, August 25, 2011
Jabil to Acquire Telmar Network Technology09:25 EDT Thursday, August 25, 2011 ST. PETERSBURG, Fla. (Business Wire) -- Jabil Circuit, Inc. (NYSE: JBL) today announced that it has entered into an agreement to acquire Telmar Network Technology, Inc., a provider of complex reverse logistics, repair services, technical support, and spare parts management solutions for communication network service providers, enterprise and original equipment manufacturers worldwide. "We are very pleased to announce this transaction with Telmar," said Hartmut Liebel, Executive Vice President and CEO of Jabil Aftermarket Services. "This acquisition supports Jabil's strategic commitment to expand our Diversified Manufacturing Services segment and we believe our combined forces will strengthen the depth and scope of Jabil's Aftermarket Services business." Specializing in the communications and networking markets, Telmar recorded fiscal 2010 revenue of approximately $145 million. The Telmar business will be incorporated within Jabil's Diversified Manufacturing Services segment. "We are excited about joining forces with Jabil, a global industry leader in aftermarket services," said Steven Pickett, CEO and President of Telmar Network Technology. "We believe the combination will further our ability to uniquely fulfill critical services and increase operational efficiency for our customers through what will now be a broader end-to-end network maintenance services portfolio." Completion of the transaction, which is subject to regulatory clearance and customary conditions, is expected to take place by November. Jabil indicated that the acquisition will be accretive to earnings and said the company would provide further details during its fourth quarter earnings call in September. About JabilJabil is an electronic product solutions company providing comprehensive electronics design, manufacturing and product management services to global electronics and technology companies. Jabil helps bring electronics products to the market faster and more cost effectively by providing complete product supply chain management around the world. With more than 85,000 employees and facilities in 22 countries, Jabil provides comprehensive, individualized-focused solutions to customers in a broad range of industries. Jabil common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol, "JBL". Further information is available on the company's website: http://www.jabil.com.This news release contains forward-looking statements, including our agreement to acquire Telmar Network Technology, Inc., the acquisition's effect on the depth and scope of our aftermarket services business, our aftermarket services business being a key area of growth for our company, the post-transaction service provider capabilities of the operations being acquired from Telmar, the transaction's expected completion date, the transaction's being accretive to earnings, and our strategic commitment to expand the Specialized Services business. These statements are based on current expectations, forecasts and assumptions involving risks and uncertainties that could cause actual outcomes and results to differ materially. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to: our ability to successfully consummate the Telmar transaction at the expected time, or at all, as a result of, among other things, a failure to obtain the necessary regulatory clearance or a failure to satisfy the applicable closing conditions; our ability to successfully integrate the operations acquired from Telmar and to retain its customers the post-acquisition performance of the operations to be acquired from Telmar relative to that of our aftermarket services business; changes to our business strategy; fluctuations in operating results and generation of cash flow; adverse changes in current or future macro-economic conditions, both in the U.S. and internationally; our financial performance during and after the current economic conditions; our ability to maintain and improve costs, quality and delivery for our customers; risks and costs inherent in litigation; whether our realignment of our capacity will adversely affect our cost structure, ability to service customers and labor relations; our ability to take advantage of perceived benefits of offering customers vertically integrated services; changes in technology; competition; anticipated growth for us and our industry that may not occur; managing rapid growth; managing any rapid declines in customer demand that may occur; our ability to successfully consummate acquisitions and divestitures; managing the integration of businesses we acquire; risks associated with international sales and operations; retaining key personnel; our dependence on a limited number of large customers; business and competitive factors generally affecting the electronic manufacturing services industry, our customers and our business; other factors that we may not have currently identified or quantified; and other risks, relevant factors and uncertainties identified in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2010, subsequent Reports on Form 10-Q and Form 8-K and our other securities filings. Jabil disclaims any intention or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. Jabil Circuit, Inc.Investor & Media Contact:Beth Walters, 727-803-3349Senior Vice President, Investor email@example.com


text:
Create a free account to check out faster, store multiple shipping addresses, view and track your orders in your account, and much more.
Please enter your password to continue.
I received this is an Olive color, it was a really pretty green with gold mixed in. The liner was so pretty that I ended up just smudging it along my lash line and using mascara. It wore really well throughout the day and was easy to take off. The only thing that kept me from giving it 5 stars, was it seemed like I had to sharpen a lot of the pencil to get a sharp point. Overall I loved it, and the price isn't bad.4
I was really unsure about this when I first saw it. The description says eyeshadow pencil, but it looks more like an eyeliner to me. The tip is pointed and narrow like an eyeline. I used it in gold as an eyeliner and I liked it even though I usually wear black eyeliner. It was a fun change.4


text:
- Blog - http://chelseagreen.com/blogs -
Conservative Group Begins Swiftboat Campaign to Sink Healthcare Reform
Posted By dpacheco On May 30, 2009 @ 5:13 pm In Politics & Public Policy | No Comments
The Swiftboating of healthcare reform has officially begun. Or rather, it will have officially begun with the airing of a 30-minute dis-infomercial compiling patients' "horror stories," funded by disgraced former hospital CEO Rick Scott.
This Sunday, the front group Conservatives for Patients' Rights will be airing a 30-minute documentary with "horror stories" aimed at chipping away public support for reforming our health care system. Ironically, the leader and financier [1] of the organization, private health care executive Rick Scott, is actually credited with transforming the American health care system into the profit above-all-else culture [2] that is currently plaguing America.
Rick Scott is not only known for his efforts to build the "McDonald's" of the health care industry, but his company was also forced to pay a $1.7 billion [3] fraud settlement, the largest health care fraud settlement in U.S. history, for systematically stealing from taxpayers.
The ThinkProgress report, titled "Who Is Rick Scott?", is below.
Article printed from Blog: http://chelseagreen.com/blogs
URL to article: http://chelseagreen.com/blogs/conservative-group-begins-swiftboat-campaign-to-sink-healthcare-reform/
URLs in this post:
[1] financier: http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/05/10/AR2009051002243.html
[2] profit above-all-else culture: http://money.cnn.com/2009/04/09/news/companies/easton_healthcare.fortune/index.htm
[3] $1.7 billion: http://www.usdoj.gov/opa/pr/2003/June/03_civ_386.htm
Click here to print.


text:
Official "I just got a Geforce GTX 5xx thread"
View Single Post
Registered User of Women
Join Date: Aug 2003
Location: Australia
Posts: 2,523
Re: Official "I just got a Geforce GTX 470/480" thread
Originally Posted by
Well, my 480 arrived a little while ago, and while not going to throw out a bunch of benchmarks, I will report on a few things.
First, this card is absolutely quieter and cooler than my 295, without a doubt. It idles at 44°C which is about what any 200 series card idles at.
Furmark, which made my previous card hit the high 90's or higher at 100% fan speed, got no higher than 85°C @ 100% fan speed, and 90°C @ 85% fan speed. Furmark is also the worst case scenario that your card will ever see.
I looped the Heaven 2.0 benchmark for about 30 minutes and at the end the highest temp was 81°C @ 75% fan speed.
Crysis, which regularly hit high 80's on my last card at max fan speed, hit a max of 79°C @ 77% fan speed, which is incidentally the level at which i can finally hear the fan ramp up.
Battlefield: BC 2 hit a max of 77°C @ 73% fan speed.
Real Temp shows zero difference in my CPU temps from my last card to this card. It hasn't increased my case temps a single bit.
As I mentioned before, my case is a pretty typical case, with only four fans. I have a PC Power and Cooling 910 PS, X58 SLI mb, i7 920 @ 3.8ghz, 6 gig of DDR3 @ 1600mhz, two HD's and a DVD drive. The fan on the 480 has to ramp up to 77% before i can even hear it over the rest of my computer. My case sits about 2 feet to the right of me and below on a little shelf in my computer table designed for this so maybe that helps. I also like to keep my house nice and cool, so it's a
comfortable 72°C in here right now
, which is how it will stay until next winter.
Are these cards as cool and quiet as Ati's latest offerings? Not by a long shot, but they aren't really any worse than the last generation of Nvidia cards either. People have blown this so far out of proportion it's ridiculous.
Anyone who had no problems with Nvidia's last generation of video cards (200's) will have absolutely no problem with the 400 series of cards either.
Thanks for the feedback. Your results are definitely reassuring. Shows that Nvidia's fan profiles might be little conservative and as such setting manual fan speed could really help. I had a similar issue with my 4870x2 but this round with my 5870 have found that auto works just fine, even on a 35C summer day.
@ bolded, I hope you mean F, 72°C ain't usually what someone would call comfortable
Aircon definitely helps. One of my print servers at work is a early 3.2GHz prescott, the damn thing goes up to 75C with the fan at 4500rpm only doing full load for 2-5 min extents. With aircon on 23C it never gets above 58C and 3200rpm fan. I've retired it to light workstation duties just today, I'm sick of hearing the fan
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Call Center Job in Reno, Nevada : NV
Looking for Call Center Jobs? See currently available Call Center job openings on call-center.jobs.net . Browse the current listings and fill out job applications.
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Contact Center Manager - Reno, Nevada
Contact Center Manager - Reno, Nevada Job Description
About the Company
Teleperformance is the number one contact center and client relationship management company in the world. Founded in 1978, the Company operates nearly 135,000 computerized workstations, with more than 182,000 employees across 270 contact centers in 62 countries and conducts programs in more than 63 different languages and dialects on behalf of major international companies operating in various industries and will opening our newest location in Reno, Nevada in September.
Oversee day-to-day contact center operations and business planning.
Ensuring staff safety, physical site security, operational efficiency and service quality excellence.
Assume accountability of operation management in support of approximately 300 center employees.
Develop and implement operational practices.
Establish positive employer-employee-client relationships.
Promote high levels of employee morale.
Manage compliance and reporting for all contact center operations.
Oversee center-wide human resource recruiting, training, development and retention.
Manage and develop center supervisor staff.
Participate as a value-adding member of management team.
Through demonstrated individual performance, the highest standards of ethical conduct.
Develop and manage the operating budget for the specific contact center operation.
Perform other related duties and assignments as required.
Thrive as a team player in a fast-paced, high-energy, change-oriented environment.
Reno Call Center Job
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Contact Center Manager - Reno, Nevada Job Requirements
· College degree is preferred but not required
· Experience with strategic initiative development and implementation
· Experience supporting multiple disciplines in a consultative fashion
· Strong analytical skills and the ability to drive change and manage long-term projects
· Experience supporting operations with greater than 400 staff
· Excellent oral and written communication skills, as well as outstanding interpersonal skills
- 5+ years in a contact center/customer service management position
- Must have experience managing a financial services vertical
- Tech Support expertise a MUST!
- OS X / IOS experience a MUST!
- Previous P&L experience
- Experience with multiple functional areas and how they interrelate.
- Extensive strategic planning experience
- Staff building and coaching and mentoring
- Technology implementation and vendor management
- Strong proven track record of improving the customer experience and supporting dealer relations.


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faraway Mangaファーラウェー
Contains 5 stories :
1-2) Faraway & Over the Rainbow- Tomoi is a skinny slacker with a rough home life who always dreams of leaving town. When tall and super-cool basketball star Kajita returns a lost item to Tomoi with a made up story, he draws Tomoi attention and the two slowly become close.
3) Thistle Field Line no. 18- Beautiful, gentle Sakurai sensei, Hoshi can't help but admire him. With a mutual love of records the two connect, but Hoshi knows that something dark haunts his sweet sensei- and it has something to do with that abandoned house...
4) Three-Piece Spirit
5) The Secret Path by the River Edge
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faraway Chapters
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text: Quick View Powecube Extended 4 Outlet + 2 USB by Allocacoc In stock online $32.00 This is the most extensive version of the PowerCube. It has a 5ft. extension cord fitted to it, so it can be mounted to have a power outlet within reach. To do this, a stick-on dock is included. An ideal location is your desktop: there is no more need to duck beneath your desk to plug in your… See Details $32.00 was $32.00


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I am surprised by the level of closemindedness in this forum, Lorenzo is not the only one complaining, the article only talks about him but in reality everyone would like more options to use to their liking, it is unacceptable that there are only 2 options for a whole weekend and 2 out of 24 riders chose 1 of the options. There is an article on Speedtv.com by Kenny Noyes that talks about the tires, it is very insightfull and educational I recommende before drawing quick conclusions.


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Necklace, Czech rhinestone / resin / cultured freshwater pearl / copper-finished brass, multicolored, round cameo, 16 inches with 3-inch extender chain and lobster claw clasp. Sold individually.
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Exuding a feminine playfulness, the centerpiece of this necklace displays a vintage-inspired cameo. Sparkling Czech rhinestones and luminous plastic pearls drip in graduating dangles to complete the style. The necklace is finished with a lobster claw clasp and 3-inch extender chain.
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A cellular phone system, optimizing user demand by charging system subscribers according to a Variable Charge Rate (VCR) that is based on the price elasticity of the subscribers. According to the present invention, the service provider monitors the load in each cell and, for each cell, the service provider continuously determines a charge rate that can be tailored to specific subscriber category according to a number of variables, offering subscribers a VCR that is optimized for the individual cell's capacity and overall system capacity. According to an exemplary embodiment, subscribers may use mobile stations supporting the Short Message Service (SMS) to provide the subscribers with the broadcast VCR. The system can determine, in real time, optimal VCRs for individual cells to maximize revenue generated by the cell for any time of day. The VCRs may be selectively broadcast to the VCR-mobile station to inform subscribers of the current rate of charge for calls. VCRs may be tailored to specific categories of subscribers to provide better price differentiation between subscribers based on price elasticity of the subscribers categories.
1. A communications system servicing a plurality of subscribers comprising:
at least one base station in a cell for communicating with a plurality of mobile stations;
a mobile station capable of communicating to and receiving calls from the at least one base station, including a display for displaying a current charge rate received from the at least one base station, wherein the current charge rate is based on subscriber price elasticity, wherein said subscriber price elasticity is based on at least subscriber demand curves, said subscriber demand curves being based on at least categories of subscribers.
2. The system of claim 1 wherein the current charge rate is determined based upon a request received from the mobile station and then the current charge rate is transmitted to the mobile station.
3. The system of claim 1 wherein the current charge rate is transmitted to the mobile station from the base station.
4. The system of claim 1 wherein the subscribers are divided into subscribers categories based on price elasticity.
5. The system according to claim 1 wherein the current charge rate is additionally based on a call load within the system.
6. The system according to claim 5 further comprising:
a processor for determining the current charge rate.
7. The system of claim 1 wherein the current charge rate is based on a current call load within a cell where the mobile station is located.
8. The system of claim 7 wherein the processor determines the current charge rate based on at least one of the factors of: the number of calls in a cell charged at a variable charge rate, the number of calls in a cell charged at a fixed charge rate, and the total number of calls handled by the system.
9. The system of claim 8 wherein the current charge rate includes a safety margin of how close to congestion the current call load may be.
10. The system of claim 1 wherein the subscriber price elasticity is determined from demand curves.
11. The system of claim 10 wherein the demand curves are communication demand curves.
12. The system of claim 10 wherein the demand curve is determined based on at least one of the factors of time of day, day of week, time of year, type of district, and category of subscribers.
13. The system of claim 10 wherein the demand curve is determined based on the factors of time of day, day of week, time of year, type of district, and category of subscribers.
14. A method for optimizing use of the capacity of a radio communications system including a plurality of cells and servicing a plurality of subscribers, each cell including at least one base station capable of communicating with a plurality of mobile stations, and means for continuously monitoring the call load of each cell, the method comprising the steps of:
monitoring the current call load of each cell;
determining a plurality of charge rates based on price elasticities of the subscribers, wherein said subscriber price elasticities are based on at least subscriber demand curves, said subscriber demand curves being based on at least categories of subscribers.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein the current charge rate is based on the current call load within a cell where the mobile station is located.
16. A method according to claim 14 wherein the current charge rate is additionally based on the current call load in a system.
17. The method of claim 15 further comprising the step of broadcasting the plurality of charge rates to a plurality of mobile stations in a cell, wherein each charge rate is broadcast to a subset of the plurality of subscribers wherein the subset is based on a subscriber category.
18. The method of claim 14 wherein price elasticity is determined from subscriber demand curves.
19. The method of claim 18 wherein the demand curves are based on a history of charge rates in every cell, a history of the number of mobiles registered in every cell, and a history based on categories of subscribers using the system.
20. A method according to claim 14 wherein the current charge rate is additionally based on a current call load within a cell.
21. The method of claim 16 further comprising the step of broadcasting the plurality of charge rates to a plurality of mobile stations in a cell, wherein each charge rate is broadcast to a subset of the plurality of subscribers wherein the subset is based on a subscriber category.
22. A system for optimizing use of the capacity of a radio communications system having a plurality of cells serving a plurality of subscribers, the system comprising:
means for determining a charge rate based on a price elasticity of subscribers, wherein said subscriber price elasticity is based on at least subscriber demand curves, said subscriber demand curves being based on at least categories of subscribers; and
means for transmitting the charge rate to the plurality of subscribers.
23. The system of claim 22 wherein the charge rate determining means additionally determines the charge rate based on a current call load in the system.
24. The system according to claim 22 wherein the charge rate determining means additionally determines the charge rate based on a current call load in a cell.
25. The system of claim 22, further comprising:
a mobile station including means for communicating to a user a current charge rate received from the transmitting means.
26. The system of claim 22 wherein the current charge rate is based on the current call load within a cell where the mobile station is located.
27. The system according to claim 22 wherein price elasticity is determined from demand curves.
28. The system of claim 24 wherein the demand curves are based on at least one of the factors of time of day, day of week, time of year, type of district, and category of subscriber.
29. The system of claim 28, wherein the demand curves may be split based on one of said factors if the demand curves differ significantly.
30. The system of claim 28, wherein the charge rate is determined for a category corresponding to a subset of the plurality of subscribers and only transmitted to the subset of subscribers.
The present invention relates to cellular telephone systems and, in particular, to a method and apparatus for controlling and optimizing the utilization of cellar telephone systems.
A cellular telephone system normally services an area populated by a number of users. Looking at FIG. 1, the service area of the system typically is divided up into cells (C1-C10), each equipped with a base station (BS1-BS10) capable of communicating with a number of users (M1-10) within the cell. Inherently, each cell has a maximum number of users that can be handled simultaneously. This is referred to as the cell's capacity. In addition, the service area containing the cells has an overall capacity. A critical factor which is taken into account in providing cellular telephone service to subscribers is the overall capacity of the system.
A basic problem with designing any cellular system is how much overall and individual cell capacity should be provided to ensure adequate service while maximizing revenues generated from the users of the cellular system. Complicating the design of such a system is the fact that the number of calls, or demand for use of the system, varies dramatically in each cell according to the time of day. On one hand, insufficient capacity during peak hours of system operation will cause congestion, and the inability to provide adequate service to users. On the other hand, providing too much unused capacity during off-hours under utilizes resources that increases overall cost of system operation. Therefore, it is important to optimize the trade-off between adequate capacity to handle anticipated subscriber demand for the system during peak usage while minimizing the unused capacity during off-hours. The more difficult of these two is how to maximize system usage during the hours when the system's capacity is largely idle.
Various methods and systems have been devised in order to maximize usage of the overall capacity of a cellular system at every time of day. In the past this has been attempted by varying the rate charged to subscribers of the system and its services at different times. For example, during peak hours, such as business hours when demand is at its greatest, all subscribers pay a full rate. However, as subscriber demand decreases, for example, during the evening and weekend hours, rates are reduced in one or more steps in order to encourage increased utilization of the system.
Varying the price is an effective means for regulating system demand because of the price sensitivity of subscribers. Certain subscribers are more price sensitive than others. This is known as a subscriber's price elasticity. For example, a personal use subscriber's price elasticity is much greater than a business use subscriber because, unlike a business use subscriber, a personal use subscriber's need to make a call is usually much less urgent or necessary. As a result, personal use subscribers may delay or make fewer calls for no other reason than the price of the call or because it comes out of their own pocket. Accordingly, personal use subscribers are more likely to be induced to use a system when rates are lower.
Cellular service providers often charge higher rates during the week, especially during working hours, for cellular calls. Because of these higher rates, certain subscribers who would otherwise use the cellular phone system are discouraged from making calls due to the higher rates. During peak hours, when the system is being used to near capacity, this is not a problem for the service provider because maximum revenue is being generated from system usage. However, when the system is not being used to near capacity, the service provider is not deriving any revenue from the unused system capacity and thus would like to be able to attract additional subscribers to make use of the system.
Further complicating the problem of maximizing use of available system capacity is that, even during peak hours of the overall system, certain cells may have surplus capacity and, therefore, are not generating their potential maximum revenue. For example, in FIG. 1 a cell in a city center (C1) may have its peak hour in the middle of the day, while a cell in a suburb (C9) may have its peak hour later in the afternoon. FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate this problem in another way. FIG. 2A is an example of a macro-cell 21 with one micro-cell 22 indicated within. As illustrated in FIG. 2B while the load approaches maximum capacity for the macro-cell 21, a micro-cell 22 may only be at 60% capacity and thus have an unused surplus capacity even though the macro-cell 21 is congested. Typically, with state of the art cellular systems, service providers are forced to take all cells into account when choosing the time of day for rate reduction. Because the macro-cell 21 is at near capacity, the service provider cannot reduce the rate to increase revenues from the micro-cell 22. Additionally complicating matters is that by instantly lowering the rate the load on the entire system might sharply increase. In other words, these systems fail to take into account that different types of subscribers display different price elasticities and thus fail to maximize revenue for the system providers. These systems also do not address the problem that cheaper rates can only be offered when there is a substantial system wide excess capacity, because the load on the system might sharply increase with any broadcast of the lowering of the rate. Thus, if there is insufficient excess capacity, and a lower rate is offered, congestion will likely result.
Various systems have been contemplated in an attempt to address some of these problems. According to one approach described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,303,297 to Hillis, it has been suggested that system demand be monitored, and based on demand, a charge rate is dynamically calculated and broadcast to subscribers to encourage subscribers to use the system during non-peak times. However, Hillis does not describe how this charge rate is calculated. While the broadcast rate message solution does provide more flexibility than previous systems, it is not a complete solution to maximizing overall use of a system's excess capacity. The system of Hillis fails to consider a particular subscriber's price elasticity and thus the system indiscriminantly discourages some subscribers use of the system. This further results in inefficient use of the system's excess capacity and loss of potential revenue.
It has also been suggested that mobile phone calls could be charged according to where the calls are made, for instance, one price in an office, another on the street, and a third at home, etc. However, in this solution, as with the one described above, overload which might result from a decreased rate can only be alleviated by indiscriminately discouraging certain subscribers service and therefore cannot provide overall optimization of generating maximum revenues from the system.
The present inventor has recognized because subscriber price elasticity does vary, by optimizing price differentiation between subscribers, the service provider can increase revenue and more effectively regulate system capacity.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to improve use of system capacity regardless of time of day without indiscriminately discouraging subscriber service.
It is another object of the invention to improve overall revenue generated by the cellular system through optimized subscriber price differentiation.
It is a further object to provide increased subscriber satisfaction due to increased flexibility of when subscribers can use the system because it is their choice to place a call at a higher rate or wait until a lower rate is broadcast. The rates being adjusted for the category of user.
The foregoing and other objects are accomplished through implementation of a cellular system, providing a user subscription that is charged according to a Variable Charge Rate (VCR) that is based on the price elasticity of the subscribers. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the service provider monitors the load in each cell and, for each cell, the service provider continuously determines a charge rate that can be tailored to specific subscriber groups according to a number of variables, offering subscribers a VCR that is optimized for the individual cell's capacity and overall system capacity. In one embodiment, subscribers may use mobile stations supporting the Short Message Service (SMS) to provide the subscribers with the broadcast VCR (VCR mobile stations). The system can determine, in real time, optimal VCRs for an individual cell to maximize revenue generated by the cell for any time of the day. The VCRs may be selectively broadcast to VCR-mobile stations to inform subscribers of the current rate of charge for calls. According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the VCRs may be tailored to specific categories of subscribers to provide better price differentiation between subscribers based on price elasticity of the subscriber categories.
The foregoing and other features, objects and advantages of the invention will be better understood by reading the following description in conjunction with the drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary cellular system arrangement that may be used according to the present invention;
FIG. 2A shows a cellular arrangement for a macro cell and a microcell;
FIG. 2B illustrates the relation between call load in a cell and time in a macro cell and one of its micro cells;
FIG. 3 illustrates the relation between call load in a cell and time; and
FIG. 4 is an exemplary block diagram of the system according to the present invention.
The various features of the invention will now be described with respect to the figures, in which like parts are identified with the same reference characters.
Referring to FIG. 1, a conventional cellular radio communication system which may be used with the present invention is illustrated. FIG. 1 shows an geographic area divided into a plurality of contiguous radio coverage areas or cells labeled C1 through C10. Associated with each of the cells C1 through C10 is a base station designated B1 through B10. Each base station generally includes a transmitter, a receiver and a base station controller, all of which are well known in the art. It is noted that the representation of the cellular radio system according to FIG. 1 is for purposes of illustration only and is not intended as a limitation on the possible implementations of a mobile radio telecommunication system within which the Variable Charge Rate (VCR) system of the present invention may be implemented. For example, the number and size of cells could be varied along with the position of the base station relative to a cell. The VCR according to the present invention may also be used with any of the multiple access communication systems such as GSM, AMPS, D-AMPS, CDMA, or the like.
Also shown in FIG. 1 are a plurality of mobile stations M1 through M10. These mobile stations may roam from one location in the cell to another, from one cell to an adjacent cell, or even from one cellular radio system served by a mobile switching center (MSC) to another such system all while receiving and placing calls both within the cellular system as well as to and from a public switch telecommunications network (PSTN).
Each of the mobile stations M1 through M10 is capable of initiating or receiving a call through one or more of the base stations B1 through B10 in conjunction with the MSC. The MSC is connected by communication links, e.g., cables, to each of the base stations B1 through B10 and to the PSTN (not shown) of a similar fixed network which may include an integrated services digital network (ISDN) facility. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the mobile stations supported by the system can be both VCR-mobile stations and non-VCR-mobile stations. The VCR mobile stations, base stations, and MSC are described in further detail below.
Fixed Charged Rates
Turning to FIG. 3 it can be seen that the available capacity of the service area sharply changes with the time of day. An example of the usage levels of a fixed rate system is shown by curve 30. By fixed rate it is meant that the same, unvarying rate is offered to everyone within the system or cell at the same time of day. Normally, demand for the system will be greatest in daylight hours, for example, between the hours of 8:00 to 18:00, the time when most people are awake and active. In addition, the majority of business is also conducted during this period of time. As the business day ends, demand by subscribers to the cellular system continually drops and system capacity increases with demand reaching its lowest in the early morning hours.
In a response to the time dependent change in demand, service providers have developed a time based charge rate for the local comlink 50 in FIG. 4. FIG. 3 illustrates this concept with three different time dependent charge rates. During the hours between 7:00 and 19:00 when demand is high, a full rate is charged to subscribers making calls. According to FIG. 3 it can be seen that the demand for the system reaches full capacity or near full capacity in mid-morning and late afternoon with a dip in capacity near mid-day, for example, when people are at lunch. As demand steadily declines beginning around 17:00, the service provider offers a cheaper rate in order to induce additional customer demand for the system. It should be noted that immediately after the cheaper rate is introduced demand for the system increases before peaking and slowly dropping as the evening continues. Conversely in the morning when rates go up around 7:00 demand momentarily sharply drops in a fixed rate system. A second cheaper rate is offered in the early morning hours when user demand is at its lowest.
As only one fixed rate is offered at any particular time within a cell according to prior systems, some subscribers are indiscriminantly discouraged from making calls. For example, suppose a mobile station M7 in cell C1 was used by a student who wanted to make a call in the afternoon. The student may decide to not make the call because the fixed rate charged for a call at this time is too high. However, if cell C1 has unused capacity at this time, the service provider would like to be able to encourage others, such as the student, to make a call thereby using the excess capacity thereby maximizing revenue generated by the cell C1. This is accomplished according to the present invention by determining VCRs for a cell tailored to various subscriber categories. According to the present invention, the service provider can determine that there is an excess capacity in the cell C1 and further determine to offer a lower charge to a particular subscriber category located in the cell C1, such as students, and therefore encourage subscribers such as students to place a call.
By determining various VCRs for each cell over the entire service area, the service provider can maximize the use of the excess system capacity. This can be seen from the VCR curve 35 shown in FIG. 3. By providing VCRs the load on the system is increased over the entire day. In addition, there are fewer sudden drops or spikes in system demand. It should be noted that the VCR would generally be calculated for the local com link 50 shown in FIG. 4. Additional charges may have to be added, for example long distance charges, to determine a total charge rate. Further description of the VCR is provided below.
Variable Charge Rates (VCRs)
According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, a new type of subscription is introduced. As an alternative to the conventional time of day based charge rates typically used by service providers, according to the present invention, subscribers are offered a VCR. A VCR may also be set for terminating calls in systems in which subscribers also pay for call termination (e.g., in the United States). The service provider monitors the load in each cell and for each cell continuously determines a specific VCR for an individual subscriber or group of subscribers, such that the overall system excess capacity is used and revenue increased. While it is possible to provide an individual VCR for each subscriber, the following description is directed to VCRs for groups of subscribers based on subscriber categories.
In order to provide increased overall demand and revenue generated by the system, a number of factors other than time of day and location are used when determining a specific VCR for a subscriber.
The following list, while not exhaustive, includes some of the factors which may be taken into account by the service provider when determining the VCR:
A. the load of calls charged at a variable rate in the cell (lv);
B. the load of calls charged at a fixed rate in the cell (lf);
C. the desired "safety margin", i.e., how close the load may be to congestion (m);
D. the total load in the switch;
E. the number of VCR-mobiles registered in the cell;
F. the average power radiated by the base station;
G. an estimated current demand curve; and
H. the average co-channel disturbance caused by the cell.
Through utilization of these factors a service provider is given greater control in determining an optimum price to charge each user such that overall system usage and revenue can be maximized. Through use of the VCR the provider is no longer limited to time and location but may adjust the various factors such that prices are optimized for the specific system in question. Such optimization may be carried out through use of empirically derived estimate demand curves based on the specific area and subscriber make-up serviced by the system from the factors given above.
Subscriber Demand
According to one embodiment of the present invention an estimate demand curve is used to determine subscriber price elasticity that is in turn used to determine a VCR. The estimate demand curve is a representation of quantity (q) in relation to the price (p). The demand curve can be estimated from the service provider's records of prior system use or through measuring system use over a representative period of time. Use of the estimate demand curves allows the price elasticity of subscribers to be taken into account unlike prior systems. The estimate demand curve may depend on various factors, such as:
G1. the time of day;
G2. the day of week;
G3. the time of year;
G4. the type of district (for instance, business district, residential, industrial, or a hybrid), etc; and
G5. the category of subscriber.
Estimation of a Demand Curve
For each VCR charged call, the service provider records time of day, the duration of the call, and the charge rate. The system may continuously record the charge rate and the number of VCR mobiles registered in each cell. When a sufficient amount of data has been accumulated the various demand curves can then be accurately estimated. According to one exemplary embodiment, the day could be divided into a plurality of intervals, and labelled "time of day". For each time of day and each charge rate the service provider determines the duration of all conversations of the subscribers making calls and the duration of exposure to a charge rate of the number of mobile stations registered or in conversation. For any cell, the probability of a mobile station being in conversation at a certain time of day and for a certain charge rate can be estimated. Along the same lines, the system can then estimate demand curves with respect to a plurality of factors, such as day of the week, the time of the year, the type of district, the various subscriber categories, etc. or demand curves may even be split as further described below.
For the purpose of illustrating the general principles according to one exemplary embodiment of the invention, the following simplification has been made: the probability of a subscriber being in conversation does not vary due to say time of day, location, etc.
Assuming that there are r different charge rates, for each charge rate the system sums up (1) the duration of conversations, and (2) the duration of offer, i.e., the duration that mobile stations have been offered that charge rate (either registered in cells or in conversation). The probability p of a mobile station being in conversation at a given charge rate then can be estimated as: ##EQU1## Numerical Example
Consider a system with 50 subscribers, one cell, and two charge rates: $1.5 and $3.00. The system is run for 10 hours, varying the charge rate. During this time the subscribers are offered calls at $1.50 and $3.00 for a duration of 6 hours and 4 hours respectively. If it turns out that the subscribers as a whole have been in conversation for 24 hours when calls were cheap and for 6 hours when they were more expensive, by inserting in Equation (1) the probability of a mobile station being in conversation during the cheap period can be estimated as being p1.50 =24 h/(50�6 h)=8%. The probability for both rates is shown in Table 1 below.
TABLE 1______________________________________ Duration of Duration ofCharge Rate Offer Calls p______________________________________$1.50. 300 hours 24 hours 8%$3.00. 200 hours 6 hours 3%______________________________________
Sufficient Data
A sufficient amount of data is obtained when the estimations of p1, . . . , pr differ significantly. This can be determined as described below.
The example is simplified by reducing the number of charge rates to two. In addition, only the duration of the calls is taken into account, and the number of calls is disregarded.
If there are n calls at rate1, the duration of each call could be perceived as the outcome of independent exponentially distributed random variables X1, . . . , Xn, where the expected duration is β1. Likewise at rate2 : the expected duration of Y1, . . . , Ym, is β2. Assuming β1 >β2 the test variable is: ##EQU2##
The test variable is used to verify that the change of call duration is caused by the change of the charge rate and not just as an accidental coincidence. The critical area of a test at significant level α is represented according to an "F" distribution as:
z>F(2n, 2m)1-α
where z is the observed value of the test variable Z. Therefore the duration of calls is summed up until z is in the critical area.
Assume, for example, that the duration of 50 random calls at $1.50 is Σxi =9000s; and at $3.00 Σyi =6400. The observed value of the test variable, according to equation 2, would be: ##EQU3##
The critical area for a test at a 5% level is z>F(100,100)0.95 =1.39. Therefore, the hypothesis that the expected duration is the same for both charge rates can be rejected and instead it is concluded that β1 =180s and β2 =128s.
One of skill in the art would appreciate that the above method can be generalized to include the case of a greater plurality of charge rates.
Splitting of Demand Curves
If for one reason or another it is suspected that the behavior of a subscriber category differs due to a factor, such as time of day, week, district, etc, then the general demand curve may be split into new (estimated) demand curves for the identified factor, provided that the demand curves differ significantly. Two demand curves differ significantly if and only if the probability of conversation of at least one charge rate differs significantly. For example, if a category of subscribers in New York city were professionals, a number of demand curves could be derived based on the factor of time of day. However, additional factors might govern professionals' behavior within NY. If a service provider suspected that professionals on Wall Street made a large number of calls of short duration, by isolating these calls from the rest of professionals' calls in New York, additional demand curves for Wall Street could be split from the rest of New York's professionals.
Price Elasticity
Subscriber price elasticity ε is the derivative of a subscriber estimated demand curve. It is defined as: ##EQU4## where q is "quantity", i.e. load, and here p is "price", i.e., VCR. By rearranging the following equation is obtained: ##EQU5##
In intervals where price elasticity ε can be considered constant the following relationship exists:
q=Ap.sup.ε EQUATION (5)
where A is a positive constant. If the estimate demand curve is discrete, i.e. quantity q is only known for finite number of values of p, then ε between pi and pi+1 can be calculated as: ##EQU6## Single Category of VCR-Mobiles
The following is an example of how the VCR may be calculated. According to this example, a simplified case is considered where there are only two categories of mobile stations in a cell: fixed charge rate (FCR)-mobile stations and VCR-mobile stations. The load caused by the two categories is lf (load caused by FCR-mobile stations) and lv (load caused by VCR-mobile stations). When lf +lv =1 the system is congested or, in other words, at full capacity. According to the invention, only the VCR mobile stations can be influenced, therefore q=lv. The change that is desired is Δq=1-m-lf -lv. Dynamically determining the VCR the VCRnew =VCRold +ΔVCR. By insertion in Equation 4, a new VCR is determined: ##EQU7##
Surplus Capacity
As described above, when there is surplus capacity in a cell then the charge rate should be set so that the revenue is maximized. Based on economics theory one skilled in the art would appreciate that this is obtained when |ε|=1. When the VCR calculated according to Equation 7 reaches a level so that |ε(VCR)|=1 the VCR will no longer be reduced (in a simplified case where the demand curve is constant over time).
Multiple Categories of VCR-Mobiles
As example of multiple categories one category could be "normal private citizens", and another could be "students" (here considered more price sensitive). Both categories are attributed a specific estimate demand curve.
In the case of congestion the lowest charge rate would normally be increased (and broadcasted to the corresponding subscriber category). This charge rate can be calculated according to Equation (7), where the load of the "affluent" subscriber category may be lumped together with the fixed rate mobiles lf. If the two charge rates become identical, then the two categories of VCR-mobiles could be combined. The common charge rate would then be calculated according to Equation (7) and broadcasted to both categories. In contrast, when there is excess capacity the charge rates would be lowered according to subscriber category and broadcast to the corresponding subscribers.
System Applications
The VCR may be determined in real time by the service provider. This can be implemented in a number of ways. For example, the determination can be made at the MSC or other central location within the service provider by any calculation means, such as a computer or processor, for instance. In an alternative embodiment, calculation of the charge rate could be decentralized, for example, by allowing the MSC to inform the base stations of a minimum acceptable charge rate, but otherwise let the base stations calculate the VCR and then broadcast it. According to this exemplary embodiment the VCRs would be calculated by a computer or processor located at each base station.
Another embodiment of the invention will now be discussed in conjunction with FIG. 4. Once a VCR has been determined (either centrally or at the base station), the VCR is then broadcast from a base station 62 from its antenna 65 over communications channels 50 where it is received by the antennas 45 of any registered mobile stations 40. The service provider 60 would have at least one mobile switching center 64 linked to a PSTN 70, as is conventional. According to the present invention the mobile stations 40 may refer to any information or communication device that may be used to communicate information, for example, a fixed wire telephone, a cellular phone, facsimile receiver, modem, computer or other communication means. The VCR could then be displayed on a display 42, for example, at the mobile unit 40 for the subscriber.
The VCR could be transmitted to the mobile stations in many different ways. According to one embodiment the VCR could be broadcast to the mobiles stations 40 using the user group short message service (SMS) as provided in the (D)-AMPS system. According to this embodiment there could be a special user group for each subscriber category associated with the VCR mobile stations 40, so that other mobile stations are not inadvertently informed. It follows that all system users do not have to belong to a VCR subscriber category. Of course, as the number of VCR mobile stations increases, the greater the overall demand control and revenue generated becomes.
Alternatively, according to another embodiment, an existing message (such as the system identity message described in EIA standard IS-136.1 18.104.22.168.1.5) on the forward control channel (CC) could have a new information element added indicating current VCRs in a cell. Another embodiment would be to send the VCRs individually to each mobile station using point-to-point short message services (SMS). Alternatively, a new message containing an information element indicating current VCRs in a cell could be added, or, an existing information element in an existing message, e.g., "display" in registration accept could be used to convey the VCR as provided in IS-136 18.104.22.168. According to another exemplary embodiment of the invention the VCRs broadcast could be repeated either intermittently or at regular predefined intervals. However, in all cases the VCR should be broadcast whenever it changes.
When a mobile station 40 not in conversation is registered in one cell and then moves to a neighboring cell, the mobile station will register in the new cell, via channel re-allocation, as known by those skilled in the art. If the new cell has a different VCR for the subscriber the mobile station 40 should be informed as soon as possible. The simplest method of informing the subscriber of the new rate would be to use the information element "display" in the registration accept, of course any of the alternative methods described above could also be used. When the mobile station 40 performs its initial registration the same information element could be used; however, several of the methods described above could also be used.
If during a conversation a mobile station 40 is handed off to another cell a service provider 60 could then send a message to the mobile station 40 informing that the VCR will be changed after a predefined period, and what the future VCR will be. The decision to change the VCR could depend on a plurality of factors, such as the difference between the current VCR and the potential future VCR, the subscriber category, the individual subscriber, the load situation, etc. Similarly, the mobile station could also alert the subscriber if the VCR changes during a conversation allowing the subscriber to determine if they wish to continue the call at the new rate. The mobile station could provide the alert either visually or audibly.
According to another embodiment the mobile stations 40 could continuously read the relevant broadcast message and display the current VCR of the cell for the associated subscriber. Additionally the mobile station 40 could alert the subscriber when the VCR drops below a predetermined threshold entered by the user through a user interface in the mobile station (e.g., key pad 44). The alert could be provided either visually or audibly through an additional circuit or processor included at the mobile station which would determine when a VCR has dropped below the predetermined threshold. Alternatively, the service provider could determine when the VCR is below the threshold and alert the mobile stations. According to this embodiment the subscriber could inform the service provider of his threshold (e.g., by submitting an SMS message).
The display 42 at the mobile unit 40 could be of any type able to display human readable characters, (e.g., LCD, LED, etc.) Alternatively, the present invention could be practiced on mobile units 40 without displays 42 by allowing a subscriber to receive a broadcast audio message conveying the current VCR to the mobile station 40.
In situations where a device, such as a telefax or computer, needs to react to a VCR the VCR can be broadcasted in machine-readable form. For example, the charge rate could be converted to a string of ASCII characters that are formatted according to a standard so that the VCR may be understood by machine as well as humans. Alternatively, the VCR could be coded as a binary string. In cases where the mobile station has a display the mobile station could translate the binary string to ASCII characters and then display it.
In yet another embodiment according to the present invention, the initiating subscriber could actively enter a number to which the user desires to be connected via keypad 44. Accordingly, the calling mobile station 40 transfers the desired phone number being called via comlink 50 to the service provider 60 through the base station 62. The service provider 60 could then determine a VCR, add any additional charges necessary, for example for long distance, and transfer the total charge rate information back to the mobile station 40 via the comlink 50. The total charge rate information is indicated to the mobile station via the display 42 or other means as described above. The subscriber could then be given the option to actually place the call. Any number of means could also be used to alert the user to the arrival of such a message, such as a flashing light, highlighted display, tone, etc.
According to the present invention, many further enhancements and refinements of the charge function can also be introduced. As described above, a plurality of subscription categories designed for specific customers possessing unusual price elasticity (for instance such as students, businessmen, according to household income, etc.) could be formed. Charge rate policies could then be tailored for each category and broadcast accordingly. Estimate demand curves would then be determined for each identified category. As described above in the example for splitting of demand curves, the categories may depend on the area, and sub-area where the service provider is located as described in the Wall Street demand curve. Alternatively, in certain areas there may be a concentration of one or more existing subscriber categories, (e.g., students and teachers on a university campus). In this situation the service provider could merely use the existing estimated demand curves for these groups instead of determining new ones.
According to the present invention, with expedient setting of parameters the system will virtually never become congested simply because as traffic increases, the price of a call will go up until a given number of subscribers are priced out of making a call. In order to know where to increase system capacity, for example by splitting cells or adding micro-cells, the service provider 60 may estimate and record the potential load in the cells, in other words, what the load would have been if the VCR had to be set to a certain value.
The present invention has been described by way of example, and modifications and variations of the exemplary embodiments will suggest themselves to skilled artisans in this field without departing from the spirit of the invention. The preferred embodiments are merely illustrative and should not be considered restrictive in any way. The scope of the invention is to be measured by the appended claims, rather than the preceding description, and all variations and equivalents which fall within the range of the claims are intended to be embraced therein.
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Photo Flash: THE MIDDLE Premieres on ABC 9/26
|Related Links
|60th Anniversary of MICKEY MOUSE CLUB to Be Celebrated at D23 EXPO 2015 with Reunion of Original Mouseketeers
June 30, 2015
|Scoop: THE MIDDLE on ABC - Tonight, December 24, 2014
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December 24, 2014
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December 22, 2014
|Related: THE MIDDLE, ABC
THE MIDDLE premieres Wednesday, September 26 from 8-9 PM on ABC. Two-time Emmy winner Patricia Heaton stars in this warm and witty single-camera comedy about raising a family and lowering your expectations.
Middle-aged, middle class and living in the middle of the country in Orson, Indiana, Frankie Heck is a harried wife and working mother of three who uses her wry wit and sense of humor in an attempt to get her family through each day intact. Her work life's no easier as she struggles day to day as the least successful sales woman at the town's only surviving car dealer. But an unexpected turn of events at work could force her to re-evaluate her career.
Frankie's unflappable husband, Mike, is manager at the local quarry and her sardonic partner in the daily grind that is raising their average - yes, most definitely average - family.
Between juggling shifts and picking up fast food dinners eaten in front of the TV, Frankie and Mike raise their kids with love, humor and solid Midwestern practicality. Axl, the oldest, is a high school senior and jock slacker who eats them out of house and home and walks around the house in his boxers. But his lazy days may be numbered when Mike makes it his mission to ensure that Axl will somehow earn a sports scholarship and be able to attend college next year. Then there's Sue, their extraordinarily ordinary daughter, who fails at just about everything she tries with great gusto. Now a sophomore in high school, she continues to navigate the raging waters of school life and, to Frankie and Mike's horror, will even attempt to get her driver's license. And last is Brick, their quirky fifth-grader, who reads constantly, whispers to himself and unapologetically marches to the beat of his own drummer.
But through all the madness shines a loving family, and together, the Hecks are putting THE MIDDLE on the map.
"The Middle" stars Patricia Heaton as Frankie, Neil Flynn as Mike, Charlie McDermott as Axl, Eden Sher as Sue and Atticus Shaffer as Brick.
"The Middle" was created and is executive-produced by Eileen Heisler and DeAnn Heline. The series is from Warner Bros. Television.
THE MIDDLE - ABC's "The Middle" stars Patricia Heaton as Frankie, Eden Sher as Sue, Neil Flynn as Mike, Charlie McDermott as Axl and Atticus Shaffer as Brick. (ABC/BOB D'AMICO)
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Polaris Buys Brammo To Focus On Powertrain Development
January 20th, 2015 | by Christopher DeMorro
After five years of slow sales and just one new model, electric motorcycle maker Brammo has been bought out by Michigan-based Polaris.
January 20th, 2015 | by Christopher DeMorro
After five years of slow sales and just one new model, electric motorcycle maker Brammo has been bought out by Michigan-based Polaris.
September 22nd, 2014 | by Christopher DeMorro
Having first debuted way back in the spring of 2010, the KTM Freeride E has had a long journey from concept to production, and it's finally arrived
September 8th, 2014 | by Christopher DeMorro
Which electric vehicle is faster around the famous Laguna Seca raceway, the Tesla Model S or the Brammo Empulse motorcycle?
August 8th, 2014 | by Susanna Schick
Hollywood Electrics, the world's leading electric motorcycle dealership, takes on Brammo and announces a grand opening party to be held August 16th
June 19th, 2014 | by Christopher DeMorro
This morning the Harley-Davidson LiveWire electric motorcycle broke cover. Yup, Harley Davidson is building and electric motorcycle
April 3rd, 2014 | by Christopher DeMorro
Electric motorcycle maker Brammo has announced a new lease program that could put you an Empulse or Empulse R for as little as $269 a month.
February 15th, 2014 | by Jo Borrás
Next year's Isle of Man motorcycle race will once again feature electric motorcycles. This year, though- and, for the first
November 12th, 2013 | by Christopher DeMorro
While a lot of focus has been on electric vehicle sales of the four-wheeled kind, electric motorcycle sales have been
October 2nd, 2013 | by Susanna Schick
This year's Plug-In Day celebration may not have had hunky models riding motorcycles, but there were a lot more EV owners present. 216 signed up, mostly LEAF owners. We took over a parking lot near the Catalina Express, with a lovely view of one of the cleanest and busiest shipping ports in the world
August 18th, 2013 | by Susanna Schick
Unlike the Laguna Seca round, all bikes that started were able to complete this race. Shane Turpin was fastest from start to finish, leading on every lap. No matter how he hard he tried, Bostrom could not get much closer than a few seconds behind Turpin. They're on equal machines, ~$200,000 Brammo RR factory prototypes, simply the fastest, most powerful machines out there this weekend. Coming up in third place was Kenyon Kluge, with a gap that started at about 45 seconds after the first lap and grew with each lap until he finished 2 minutes 11 seconds behind leader Shane Turpin
August 18th, 2013 | by Susanna Schick
In case you're wondering why we're not covering the German round of eRoadRacing also being held this weekend, well, there's only so many live events we can cover at once. At least until we get a European correspondent. In the meantime, you can read all the news on eRoadRacing.com. Last night the Indy crew held their qualifying session, right after race one of the Vance & Hines XR1200 race in which Shelina Moreda was also competing. I interviewed her after qualifying to find out what that was like
August 17th, 2013 | by Susanna Schick
In Friday's first practice of the weekend, eight of the FIM eRoadRacing bikes finished, but newcomer Cesar Gonzales had an electrical fault which kept him from finishing on his electrified "Hornet 1". Here are statements from most of the riders after their first practice, including this one from Be-EV & Hollywood Electrics racer Jeremiah Johnson
August 15th, 2013 | by Susanna Schick
We'll be covering the second US round of the series live in Indianapolis this weekend. The race is at 4:30PM on Sunday after the MotoGP races. If you're in town for Gen Con, or just want to check out some great motorcycle racing, it's worth checking out. FIM eRoadRacing posted this link to promotional tickets which include some nifty free stuff. This is also the first time the electric bikes will hit the famous Brickyard
July 21st, 2013 | by Susanna Schick
Round 1 of the US eRoadRacing series is on the books. Both Eric Bostrom and Shane Turpin were able to best Steve Rapp's track record of 1.33.194 from 2011, an impressive feat considering how much cheaper a Brammo RR is than the near $300,ooo MotoCzysz had spent developing their superbike up to that point. Bostrom's fastest lap in the race was 1.33:012 and Turpin scored the new track record with a 1.32:581 in lap 5, right before his bike gave out
July 8th, 2013 | by Susanna Schick
Last Sunday marked the Fifth Annual Refuel Races, a time trial race (track day, really) for EV's, hosted by Speed Ventures. I've wanted to return to Refuel at Laguna Seca, but not on a bike as weak as the one I was able to procure when I went in 2010. Full story here. I wanted a bike that would do Laguna Seca, aka Motorcycle Heaven, justice. Zero told me all their press bikes were at Pike's Peak. Hollywood Electrics only had their prized custom available, but I really didn't have time to even pick it up. So I took my own electric motorcycle
May 2nd, 2013 | by Susanna Schick
Sign up is now open for this once-in-a-lifetime chance to drive or ride YOUR electric vehicle on one of the world's greatest racetracks. Register for REFUEL and you too can dive into the corkscrew like Rossi or take the Andretti hairpin like Mario himself.
April 15th, 2013 | by Susanna Schick
As you know from my review, I loved the Brammo Empulse, but that 31.5" seat height was not fun with my 34" inseam. Sure, I could've bought it and built the seat up a few inches. But Harlan at Hollywood Electrics kept hinting that Zero had some really awesome bikes in the works for 2013. I decided to wait and see, knowing that rash decisions have usually not served me well. I wanted to try out Zero's 2013 S. At the bike show in December, I was still most interested in the S, especially now that it had twice as much power as the previous years model. And of course because Hollywood Electrics had done so many awesome mods to the one they dubbed "Big Blue"
March 1st, 2013 | by Nicholas Brown
The Vauxhall Ampera, which is the European version of the Chevrolet Volt plug-in hybrid, is going to be incorporated into the emergency fleet of the United Kingdom's NHS Trust. The United Kingdom's Yorkshire ambulance service would like to see how vehicles like this could be incorporated into such a fleet and reduce its carbon footprint and fuel expenditure by 30% by


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Comments (6)
IDK, how common is it for babies to react to gelmix? It's a nonfood item right???
My LO had congestion due to reflux and it sounds similar to what you are talking about. When he got a cold he had a lot more snot towards the front of his nose and some drainage, whereas when it was just reflux related he just always sounded stuffed up but there wasn't much in his nose if you kwim.
My kids' allergy rashes were always face and then bottom. Depended on the allergy, too. Some were JUST skin reactions from where it touched the skin.
But, yes, eczema is super common with colds, too. And while anyone can be allergic to anything - I'm allergic to tons of "hypoallergenic" things - it's more likely a cold.
Curious - was she reacting to GelMix?
DS 6-6-12 born at 32 weeks / reflux/mspi (IVF) *I survived a hetertopic cesearean scar pregnancy*
DS 9-17-06 failed VBAC c/s#2
DD 9-30-03 c/s#1


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The Dow Jones industrial average slipped 7.15 points to 10,876.36.
Cisco, the most actively traded stock Wednesday, fell $1.17 to $19.21. The evening before, the network-equipment giant provided the grisly details behind its astonishing $2.25 billion inventory write-off in the third quarter. It essentially admitted that it, too, was caught up in the Internet hype that, at its peak, gave the company the highest market capitalization in Wall Street history. Full story --Tiffany Kary, ZD Inter@ctive Investor