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Bush Fights War on the Fiscal Front: Despite the Uncertainty of Economic Survival, the Senate Trims the President's Stimulus Package, Even While Eyeing the Defense Supplemental Appropriations Bill as a Cash Cow. (the Nation: Federal Budget)
Cherry, Sheila R., Insight on the News
March proved to be as uncertain a month for federal budgeteers as it was for weather forecasters and basketball fans. House Budget Committee Chairman Jim Nussle (R-Iowa) successfully moved federal-budget resolution H. Con. Res. 95 through the House just before 3:00 a.m. on March 21 by a close vote of 215-212. The budgetary framework kept President George W. Bush's spending levels mostly as requested for fiscal 2004. But the companion bill didn't fare as well in the Senate. Republican Sens. Olympia J. Snowe of Maine, George Voinovich of Ohio and Lincoln Chafee of Rhode Island joined their unanimously partisan Democratic colleagues to pare the administration's $726 billion tax cut down to $350 billion by a vote of 51-48. Days earlier, a similar attempt in the Senate to slash the tax-cut proposal had failed.
The surprise vote to cut the budget resolution came late in the afternoon after Bush had begun the day presenting Congress with a $74.7 billion request for a wartime supplemental appropriation. The president said the funding request for military operations in Iraq and homeland security represented less than 1 percent of the gross domestic product (GDP). White House spokesman Ari Fleischer reminded critics who charged the administration with waiting for clearance of its tax-cut proposal before offering the secondary request that Congress was well aware the supplemental was coming.
Democrats, though determined to prove Congress could pass a budget resolution quickly, were equally determined to attack the tax-cut component of the president's budget. They insisted that two major items were missing from the proposed budget: reorganization funding for the Department of Homeland Security and the costs of the war in Iraq. Added to a fiscal 2003 baseline deficit of more than $246 billion, the administration's critics charged, the costs of international initiatives would cause too much "shock and awe" to an already shaky U.S. economy.
The president's request, if passed, would be supplemental to the fiscal 2003 omnibus appropriations (spending) bill that was approved in February, rather than scored against the currently pending budget-framework resolution for the fiscal period of Oct. 1, 2003, through Sept. 30, 2004. The two budget-framework resolutions now are headed to a joint House and Senate conference, where they can be addressed anonymously. Budget resolutions are not signed into law, but they are binding on the House and Senate to govern the spending agenda for the year's appropriation schedule.
Noting the budget deficit for 2003, Brian Riedl, a federal-budget analyst at the Heritage Foundation, estimates that, "This may bring it closer to $380 billion for the year. It [eventually] could reach $400 billion for FY 2003," he adds. For fiscal 2004, Riedl predicted a $300 billion deficit as well.
The president is said to be requesting $9.4 trillion for fiscal 2004, but one government source advised that by comparison the deficit is only one small factor. As this official explained, it is more important to look at that amount as a percentage of the economy. "Back in the 1980s, when we had deficits as far as the eye could see, we had a much smaller economy," the source noted. "Our economy now is four times bigger, so a $200 billion [deficit now] is the equivalent of what $800 billion would have been then--in terms of its impact on the economy. It's just important to keep that in perspective."
Anything that Congress spends this year eventually would be built into the permanent, overall economic baseline. But since funding for military action in Iraq and components of homeland security are being considered as a separate part of a supplemental bill, it only would add to the deficit for fiscal 2003, the government source explains. "It doesn't do anything to next year"
As the president posited, said an official, $74.7 billion is not a very large percentage of a $4 trillion economy. …


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HCPL branches will be close at 5 PM on Thursday, July 2 and will be closed July 3-5.
Lone Star College - Cy-Fair Library and Tomball College & Community Library will be closed Thursday July 2 - Sunday, July 5.All locations will reopen on Monday, July 6 for regular hours.
ADA Info
June 1- August 8
The Clear Lake City - County Freeman Branch Library invites patrons of all ages to hop onto the Trivia Express. The Trivia Express will regularly presents quizzes on a variety of topics. Each quiz will focus on a subject that can be researched by using resources from Harris County Public Library. The actual trivia challenge will be on a Google Drive maintained by Freeman Library Staff.
Are you a Girl Scout Leader trying to help Scouts complete Girl Scout Journeys? The Clear Lake City - County Freeman Branch Library continues its "Girl Scout Express!" program that's designed for Girl Scouts and Girl Scout Leaders with busy schedules. Session 4 written leader guides for Daisies, Brownies, Juniors, Cadettes, Seniors, and Ambassador Scouts are now online. These Journeys are:
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Information for Persons with Disabilities: Harris County Public Library will make reasonable accommodations for persons with disabilities who are interested in attending library programs. To make a request for yourself or someone you know, please notify the Branch Librarian two working days in advance of the program.
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subset: commoncrawl


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make a request online
(or tweet it @WXDU!)
PO Box 90689
Duke Station
Durham, NC 27708
Tonight we bring in guest hosts Catie Braly and Molly Jones to spin their favorite Smiths songs and talk about the band. Tune in to the College Radio Primer tonight from 8-10pm.
On I Liked You Better Before You Sold Out this coming Sunday, we're going to have a chat with Renee and Brian of Filthybird, about their upcoming shows, latest CD "Songs For Other People" and life in general. We'll also be sharing our time with the good folks at Moving Island, a community education facility with the focus on arts and living. They'll be having the "Buoyancy Benefit" for Moving Island's jump start! You can find more information at movingisland.org
Put on your eyeball heads and prepare yourselves for a Monday evening of surreal freakish music by the likes of The Residents, Tuxedomoon, Factrix, Minimal Man and others as DJ Decker traces the 1980s Avant Garde Performance Art scene that broke out of the San Francisco Bay area.
This coming Sunday, January 16th, Savannah and Joey O will be sitting down to chat with Scotty Sandwich from Death To False Hope Records (www.deathtofalsehoperecords.com) on the upcoming DTFH Records 2 Year Anniversary Party, that will be hosted at the Motorco Music Hall here in Durham on Friday, Jan. 21st & Saturday, Jan. 22nd! The lineup includes:
Less Than Jake
Brendan Kelly
Sorry About Dresden
Red Collar
Hammer No More the Fingers
...and more! Check it out at the Motorco website: motorcomusic.com/dtfh-records-anniversary-day-1
During its classic years from 1980-1992, the British independent record label 4AD amassed an impressive and diverse roster of artists. Formed in 1979 by Beggars Banquet record store employees, Ivo Watts-Russell and early business partner Peter Kent, 4AD was on the cutting edge of independent music. Kent left early on and Ivo began to curate for the label a range of pioneering bands such as Bauhaus, Cocteau Twins, Dead Can Dance and the Pixies. Not only was 4AD known for its music but also for its collaboration with graphic designer Vaughn Oliver of v23 (formerly 23 Envelope).
From the beginning, Ivo and the bands he signed to 4AD were innovators, and their styles influenced their musical contemporaries and continue to resonate in the music world today.
Join us Monday, January 3 from 8-10 PM on the WXDU College Radio Primer as we track the evolution of 4AD during its classic years (1980-1992). Tune in to 88.7 FM or stream the show at www.wxdu.org
Show Hosts: Lee Nisbet and Barbara Berry
Additional Resources:
December 12 is Frank Sinatra's birthday, and Divaville Lounge will feature a 2-hour tribute co-hosted by Georg and Sarah. By any measure Sinatra was one of the most important singers of the 20th century. We'll play classics from every era of Sinatra's career, including his early years with the Harry James and Tommy Dorsey big bands; the Concepts series at Capitol; the Rat Pack years; songs from his decades-long movie career; live performances; radio and television appearances; plus some rare finds like an unreleased theme song to "The Man with the Golden Arm," and a duet with Groucho Marx (really! and it's not horrible!). The Voice, Ol' Blue Eyes, the Chairman of the Board -- whatever you call him, we'll be spinning two hours of Sinatra on Sunday afternoon. Check it out!


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John Zachman has been making an interesting claim in the last few years… he is claiming that the Zachman Framework for Enterprise Architecture, a creation of his that, through many revisions across the years, has formed a cornerstone of Enterprise Architectural practice in many parts of the world, is an ontology.
It is not.
Let's be clear, first off, about the definition of an ontology. There are two commonly used definitions. In philosophy, an ontology deals with the nature of being. An ontology in philosophy is a statement of "what is real", a conceptual understanding of something that helps to answer key questions, like "what things exist," and "how does a thing relate to other things." Philosophical ontology attempts to answer questions like "does truth exist?" or "does energy exist?"
Not long ago, the term 'ontology' took on a new meaning in the context of computer science. In the late 1980s and early 90s, Artificial intelligence was attempting to create large maps of human understanding, and the term "ontology" started to creep into general use in AI circles.
Tom Gruber is widely credited with bringing the term into focus in computer science. In 1993, he wrote a paper titled "Toward Principles for the Design of Ontologies Used for Knowledge Sharing," later published in the International Journal of Human-Computer Studies. The paper can be found here. A more general discussion can be found here.
Gruber's use of Ontology is fairly clear. In the discussion cited above, he stated:
"In the context of knowledge sharing, I use the term ontology to mean a specification of a conceptualization. That is, an ontology is a description (like a formal specification of a program) of the concepts and relationships that can exist for an agent or a community of agents. This definition is consistent with the usage of ontology as set-of-concept-definitions, but more general. And it is certainly a different sense of the word than its use in philosophy." (emphasis added).
"In the context of knowledge sharing, I use the term ontology to mean a specification of a conceptualization. That is, an ontology is a description (like a formal specification of a program) of the concepts and relationships that can exist for an agent or a community of agents. This definition is consistent with the usage of ontology as set-of-concept-definitions, but more general. And it is certainly a different sense of the word than its use in philosophy." (emphasis added).
The goal of ontologies in Gruber's research was focused on Artificial Intelligence. His challenge was complex: How could he get intelligent agents to converse with one another in a consistent fashion? Ontologies provided that ability, far better than simple definitions would. A concept in an ontology is defined rigorously, and the relationships between terms are specific and declared.
It is important to note that there are no implicit relationships between terms in an ontology. Relationships, where they exist, are explicitly declared, and in many cases, constrained. Relationships are not implied. There is no notion that two terms may be related to one another, or not, as needed.
And here is where we come back around to Zachman. While the Zachman Framework (ZF) defines, in a 6x6 grid. a self-contained set of terms, the ZF does not declare the existence of any relationships between them. In fact, he implies that anything can be related to anything, without constraint. While practitioners can reasonably discuss the composition of primitives into composite objects, the Zachman framework does not describe any composite objects at all.
In defining a "type system" for "things related to enterprise organizations," the Zachman framework provides a simple set of data types, and little else. It is useful, but insufficient.
Using ZF, I can look at a thing and figure out "where in my taxonomy does this thing belong?" But the type system is too broad to imply many constraints. The Zachman framework is full of generalities. Specific types are not described. This means you can understand a "thing" but not really talk about it at a conceptual level because it is too vaguely defined. Specificity and clarity are required to draw conclusions. That requires a great many more objects, and specific, constrained, declared relationships between them.
Without concrete objects and specified relationships, ZF cannot solve many EA-specific problems. You cannot, using Zachman alone, have two people draw the same conclusions from the data that you collect, because your data is unstructured. Conclusions come from structure and relationships, not definitional types. You need a model that includes relationships to infer a conclusion drawn from the data. EA needs ontologies (metamodels).
An ontology allows inference. The Zachman Framework does not.
The Zachman framework is not an ontology.
I agree: ZF is not an ontology. At best it's a taxonomy, but it's so far from comprehensive or complete that it's not that useful in practice.
Not only not useful, but often seriously misleading. To me the worst problem with Zachman is not the framework itself, but its stated aim as a framework for 'engineering the enterprise'. Since an enterprise is, by definition (e.g. IEEE-1471), a human construct rather than a technical one, it is by definition not amenable to change via mechanistic approaches such as 'engineering'. In that sense, Zachman fails in its aim even before it starts.
It's handy as a checklist, but that's about all.
(A real pity that the framework isn't much use, because Zachman himself is one of the nicest people I've ever met. :-) )
As I struggle to comply with military requirements to define an EA using DoDAF, I'm finding the same kind of problem. Its artifacts are centered on organizational interaction, not business processes and functions. I attributed this orientation to the military's personnel structure itself. Its not about what you are trying to accomplish, but who told you to do what.
I attended the Enterprise Architecture Planning training in 2002 and was trying to implement EAP in my job with mixed result. The problem is really not the framework (the tool) but the goal and mandate. If the goal is to get better understanding or description of the EA, then Zachman or the Federal framework are OK because it provides some consistency in the taxonomy and classification even if these are vague. However, if architecture decisions are to be made, I found Zachman and its close cousins inedaquate because the large gap between concepts and implementation. I did achieve some success when I could construct alternative visions constructed on top of the framework to analyze the dependency, pro and cons and high level roadmap in a simpler visual representation. That's pretty much it though. What do you expect from such a high level framework (besides the political agenda behind a lot of such bureaucratic exercise)?
I think it is more of a taxonomy - classification of things. To put it as related to study of existence of things and their relationship paints it a reactive mentality (after the fact problem solving)
I have to say that I do like the Zachman Framework even though I agree with almost all the comments. I agree it is not an ontology. In fact, I attended a good Business Architecture course a couple years ago by Intervista Inst, which used Zachman very effectively by defining the relationships between a subset of cells and showing what that means to the business. I think that confirms your point. We never took Zachman to be "the" EA, but simply used it as a tool to test if we had covered key "topics". It served us well and we never had any intention to fill it all in (such an intention separates it from a value proposition).
I am comfortable with the Zachman Framework being characterized as an ontology. The argument presented by Nick that is isn't an ontology seems to focus on it having no explicitly declared relationships among its components. In fact, there are two very important categories of relationships in the Zachman Framework: Integration and Transformation.
The components of each cell integrate with each of the components of the other five cells in each row, and they also transform from the components in the cell above them and transform to the components in the cell below them (allowing for Row 1 not having cells above and Row 6 not having cells below, of course.
These relationships are explicitly described in the Framework Standards (https://secure.zachmanframeworkassociates.com/2/production/C4/Login.asp). You'll need to register (free) to see them if you are visiting for the first time.
Hi Anthony,
The link only appears to work if you get to it from ZachmanInternational.com. I spent some time wandering through the framework standard and I can say that there does appear to be a set of entities defined here that are NOT defined in the framework itself.
That is a good sign. Two problems:
a) Zachman seems intent on defining the framework as a 6x6 matrix. As his framework evolves, this paradigm is clearly inadequate. Unfortunately, his unwillingness to redefine the ZF in light of these learnings creates confusion. He seems intent on burying all learnings below the top-level matrix, which is absurd. I take him at his work that, in Zachman's opinion, the framework is a 6x6 matrix. As such, it is not an ontology.
b) The entities that are defined in this online resource illustrate more mature thinking than the original matrix. That is good. However, the integrations between the elements, while declared, are not accurately and clearly defined. It is simply not interesting to say that "business entity" integrates with "business end." At a minimum, it is sufficiently interesting to say that a business entity "may have" business ends. That specific declaration of the relationship between these two entities is a minimum requirement for describing a metamodel, and is missing from even this more mature "hidden metamodel" that the ZIFA team is relying on.
Hi Nick –
Sorry about the problem with the URL that I provided. I didn't realize that it timed out. For anyone else who would like to see what we are talking about, the log-in page is accessed via this link: http://zachmaninternational.com/index.php/home-article/17#maincol .
When we talk about the Zachman Framework, I think we have to keep in mind that it is more than just the poster showing the 6x6 matrix, just as the Periodic Table of Elements is more than the table that we usually see with only the names of the elements in the cells. The matrix diagram is merely a technique for displaying the essence of the Framework, which is the intersection of the two classification schemes that is represents: the answers to the complete set of questions that could be asked about anything, and the stages of "reification" – moving from abstract idea to instantiation. The form used to present the intersections to us helps us to understand it, but I think it is not all that important in helping us conclude whether or not it is an ontology.
I think it is also important to clarify that Zachman does not say that the Framework "is a 6x6 matrix"; rather, he has says that it is typically depicted as such. I think this quote from the article that he wrote in 1992 with John Sowa ("Extending and Formalizing the Framework for Information Systems Architecture", IBM Systems Journal, Vol 31, no.3, 1992. p.590-616) explains it best: "Figure 18 shows the six columns in a hexagon, where each one is related to each other. The traditional tabular order is merely a concession to paper or flat computer displays."
Regarding your second point about the relationships among the cells of the Framework, I think it is useful to remember that the frameworks that we are looking at (the "normative" Zachman Framework for describing anything, the Zachman Enterprise Framework for describing enterprises, etc.) are very high levels of abstraction. They (not just the 6x6 matrix diagram, but the underlying standards and definitions) will only show that there is a relationship among the cells and will not define the actual relationship in an actual instance of whatever is being described. For example, for any given business process, there has to be an associated location, a motivation for having created it, etc. You would need to define the actual relationship between an actual process and an actual location, etc., in the design of an actual enterprise.
As an aside, ZIFA closed down in December, 2008.


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Seth Porges
The End User
My Stats
|Contributor Since:
|April 2012
|New York, NY
About Me
I'm a New York-based writer and entrepreneur. Previously, I worked as an editor at Maxim and Popular Mechanics magazines. In addition, I sometimes pop up on cable news and History, Discovery, and National Geographic, and am the cocreator of the fashion app Cloth. As a writer, I'm interested in the tech of culture, and the culture of tech.
For more fun, you can follow me on Twitter: @sethporges, subscribe to me on Facebook , or Circle me on Google+.


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There are many tutorials on the web for these. I used a Dutch one but you'll find an English one in the link on this page.
I used different colors Phildar Coton 3 and Schachenmayr Catania.
I plan to make a whole lot of them and hang them together with crochet flowers on a long ribbon.
These are so adorable! I really want to make a set


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Activate. Create. Inspire.
I am so grateful that out of all the places in the Universe you could be right now, you've arrived here.
My name is Bradley Morris and I have an absolute blast supporting people to live activated lives, create the results they want and inspire others in their wake.
I help entrepreneurs create their visions, mothers to live more in balance, young adults to discover and pursue their passions, athletes to play their game in the zone and brilliant creative types to step into their power and share their gifts with the world.
How you ask?
As a fellow creator of my own dreams, I understand how challenging, confusing and turbulent the journey can be. I know what it's like to hit my edge and keep going, to shatter old belief systems and to overcome paralyzing fear and self sabotaging belief systems.
I have experienced how frustrating it can be to feel my potential deep down but continually fall short of my goals. I've had my fair share of breakdowns which have led to my greatest breakthroughs.
If you are feeling like you want more depth, freedom, connection and fun in your life right now, then I am even more excited that you've arrived here.
I honour the courage it's taken you to come this far and I would love to help you step into your highest vision for who you're here to be and what you want to do with this one life you have.
Create your Foundation for Success from the Inside Out
Confidence is not something we are born with, it is something we gain. By committing to small things and following through until completion we gain the confidence to do bigger things that before we thought impossible for ourselves.
Your foundation for success will grow roots when you create positive daily habits to support your dreams, aspirations and visions to come to life. Fail to miss this crucial piece and it is less likely that you'll ever breakthrough your current limitations.
One of my gifts is empowering people with the tools to live each day with intention, clarity and the ability to focus their energy on what they want, while maintaining balance through all of life's constant demands.
Creating what you want requires more than just wishful, positive thinking. It will require altering your perspectives on life, upgrading your daily habits, taking radical action and fully committing to the never-ending journey of personal growth.
If you're open to it, I would love to help you make these shifts as fun, light and easy as possible.
This is for the people who say:
"I am ready to become the person I need to be, in order to live the life of my dreams."
If this speaks to you and you feel ready to uplevel your energy and take full responsibility for who you're here to be, then join my emailing list to receive my audio meditations, articles, videos and breakthrough experiences.
Services you will find here
Breakthrough eNews: My free eNews is filled with foundational practices, breakthrough exercises, video lessons, conscious comedy and more. Definitely worth opening your inbox for!
My blog: I follow the "ABC's of Creating" (always be creating), so if you want to stay connected to the latest tips, tools and stories for activating your life, growing your business and living your dreams then come here often.
My eCourses: to support you with integrating the powerful habits, new life perspectives and transformational tools for becoming a conscious creator of what you want in life.
eCourse Creation Membership and Coaching: a big part of my work is teaching conscious entrepreneurs, holistic practitioners, transformational facilitators, life coaches and leaders to turn their work, wisdom and processes into automated online eCourses and programs.
Soul Fam Productions: At SoulFamPro, we are on a mission to support activated humans and conscious companies to get the word out about who you are and what you do, by producing high quality music videos, skits, songs, as well as eCourses or online programs that educate, entertain and inspire your audience.
Life Alignment Retreats: The Life Alignment Process is a two day experience, guided by Bradley and Celeste Morris that is a combination of Sacred Ceremony, Coaching Exercises, Visioning Processes, Dream Mapping, Affirmative Prayer, Dream Board Building and Realigning Lifestyle choices.
Breakthrough Coaching: for taking your entire life to a whole new level.
Speaking, Adventures & Workshops: I love in-person experiences, so lets connect.
Work Related Experiences
Facilitation of more than 500 Meditation and human potential workshops
Created the 21 Day Experience Meditation eProgram, the Cowabunga Vision Quest and Momentum online programs which have supported the lives of hundreds of people from more than 20 countries worldwide. (One of my proudest business accomplishments)
Coaching dozens of conscious entrepreneurs to successfully create and launch awesome eCourses so they can free up their time and do more of what they love. (rather than always be working)
Tens of thousands of listens to my online audio meditations.
Publication of more than 200 articles, more than 50 of which have been republished by popular online sites such as, Positively Positive, Elephant Journal, FinerMinds, Yoganonymous, GaiamTV, Inspire Me Today, My Yoga Online and many others online and publishers.
One of the top ranked meditation contributors out of thousands on the Omvana Meditation App created by MindValley.
Life and Business Coaching to clients around the world (Supporting people to create fully aligned lives and businesses)
Adventure Retreat Leader in Peru, Hawaii, Mexico and BC (you can only imagine the fun we had)
A featured teacher in the movie, "Beyond Belief" (it's a pretty cool movie if you like "The Secret" and movies that help you get over your limitations)
Co-created a Youtube viral video called, "The Gratitude Dance" (this video took me on some wild adventures)
Positively impacted the lives of thousands of teenagers through my work as one of "The GratiDudes" (Definitely wasn't something I thought of at career day in high school)
Featured on Voice America for the Gratitude Dance video (this was really cool when it happened)
Presenter at Agape Youth Revelations Conference and went on to teach Sunday school at Agape Spiritual Centre for six months (a week before we got invited to speak, we wrote down the intention and then they called us)
Facilitated morning meditations at David Wolfe's 2013 New Years Retreat in Hawaii and 2012/13 Epic Eden Retreats in Arizona (David's a Raw Food Rockstar and these retreats were a blast to be a part of)
Participant of the Palomar5 50 Day Innovation Camp in Berlin, Germany with 30 other young, handpicked entrepreneurs and inventors from all over the world (Ummm, if you want to hear the craziest story ever, lets go grab a bite to eat and I'll tell you a good one)
Workshop presenter on an I.O.N.S Cruise through the Mexican Riviera (This was amazing but I will never go on a cruiseship again, so don't ask me … there are better ways to travel)
Co-host of a successful radio show called, "Manifesting Awesomeness" with Matthew Ashdown in 2008 (we got to interview Louise Hay, Gregg Braden, Bruce Lipton, Darren Weissman and tons of other wildly inspiring humans)
About My Personal Life
I live in paradise (Salt Spring Island, BC) with my Goddess of a wife, Celeste and our dog named Sasha. We plan on having our first child in 2015/16.
We're learning to grow our own food and the rest we buy at our local farmer's markets, which is a longtime dream come true.
Golf is one of my biggest passions. Through the freedom my business grants me I am training to play Professional golf. I treat the game as a path to Self Mastery and personal growth.
I love hiking in undiscovered territory, extreme outdoor adventures, nature, improv comedy and exciting new experiences.
Meditation has been one of the greatest gifts I ever gave myself because it's transformed every aspect of my life, who I am and how I see the world.
I love playing with all sorts of different techniques depending on my mood and needs.
I believe gratitude is just as important as air and having fun is one of my key motivators in life.


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Drugs in the oncology segment are expected to make a significant impact to current markets, increasing competition and providing advanced alternatives to current therapies. Cancer drugs in development could possibly make up nearly 33% of the potential value.
This is followed by development projects in the areas of cardiovascular and blood; neurotherapeutics;
# # #
About Kalorama Information
Kalorama Information (www.kaloramainformation.com)
Please direct all media inquiries to:
Andrea Hiller
Marketing Manager
(212) 807-2673


text:
Alex Gordon
A Must Listen, Dave From Salisbury Checks In With The Garceau Show
Dave from Salisbury calls in after a great catch by Alex Gordon and it gets interesting from there.
Royals Win Game 1 In Extra Innings Against Orioles
The Orioles have the best bullpen in the MLB and the Royals can't win with the long ball. Then Game 1 of the ALCS began and everything changed.
Steve Davis: Jones Needs More Discipline
Let me start by saying that Adam Jones gets too much criticism. He's an outstanding player, and has become a great leader. That said, I am going to criticize him a little.
Salvador Perez Gives Royals Rare Offense At Catcher
There's a new age of offensive catchers coming up through the ranks of the big leagues, and Salvador Perez is part of that movement.


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JY: I think I removed the Christmas story. Sorry! BUY THE BOOK!]]>
Think I'll go and shoot myself, now.]]>
*Lady Captcha walks with me down the foggy, miserable streets. Snow's a foot deep, and if I wasn't so cold I'd be sure I'm in hell. She reaches into her pocket and takes a swig from a flask. Her cheeks redden as she looks towards me and holds the flask out, venturing "Dolict," a cheap synth of jet fuel, random isotopes of U-236, red dye #40 and some even say there's actual alcohol in it, if you have the cash. Shit will peel the paint from the Tin Man's anus before he can even taste the filth.
I down it. Hits like Christmas in Harlem.]]>
Love the tag line. Of course it had to be that after the tree shed. Are those Frieda and Violet and Sherman doing the jigs? (And… ten years. Wow.)
neverty (2.0334)]]>
(probably overseas, serving with Col. Captcha and Corps Ellinix)]]>


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Property is in very high demand and likely to sell quickly, even if it is overpriced or not in the best condition. Sellers receive multiple offers and the price is usually bid up above the seller's initial asking price.
Not enough data to determine market type. Consult a local REALTOR® for up-to-date market summaries
Trend data coming soon.
Trend data coming soon.
|For Sale: 60
|New: 10
|Recently Sold: 40
|Reduced: 22
|Average Home Price
|Average Sold Price
|Property Records: 2,632
|Foreclosed: N/A
The average home price in 06051 is $140,923, which is 37.7% higher than the average sold price in 06051 ($102,370) . The average home price per square foot in 06051 is $60 and about 1% of all homes in 06051 sold in the last 6 months. For 06051 home values, real estate prices, and city market trends, research the 2,632 property records or search our 40 recently sold or 60 homes for sale listings. The listings and properties in 06051 are only a part of the 1,020,833 properties and 32,180 homes for sale in Connecticut. Because of this, the average home price and average home value of 06051 also influence the average home price $527,860 and average sale price $331,825 of Connecticut. Listing counts, 06051 home prices and home values in 06051 are sourced daily from listing and property data on realtor.com®, which is the most up-to-date and accurate aggregation of real estate listings in the industry and includes approximately 800 regional MLSs and is the official website of the National Association of Realtors®.
|Median Age
|Median Household Income


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Practice MissionHobeich Endodontics' mission is to provide specialized and comprehensive care in a friendly, safe, and state of the art environment. Our focus is on the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the pulp (the soft tissues within the tooth; i.e., the "nerve") and the periapical tissues (i.e., the root end area) of the teeth. Dr. Paul Hobeich, a local for over 25 years, and his team look forward to serving Tucson, Arizona and becoming your root canal specialist.
Goals of Hobeich Endodontics:
- Provide the highest quality of care in a timely and empathetic manner.
- Incorporate the most current endodontic technology and clinical techniques and present a clean and professional appearance.
- Educate and answer all patient questions pertaining to the procedure being performed.
- Treat emergency patients the same day with minimal waiting time. This means that emergencies will be seen immediately if possible, and always within one business day of office contact.
- Inform and collaborate with the patient's general dentist about the procedure being performed. This will include:
- Calling or sending a detailed report after the initial examination stating: if/when the patient will be returning to our office.
- Sending a post-treatment report/radiograph stating diagnosis, treatment, and detailed results of our examination.
- Being personally available to take calls and answer any questions from referring dentists.


text:
June 24, 2013
FILE - In this Wednesday, July 18, 2012 file photo, former South African President Nelson Mandela as he celebrates his 94th birthday with family in Qunu, South Africa. Nelson Mandela's health has deteriorated and he is now in critical condition, the South African government said Sunday, June 23, 2013. The office of President Jacob Zuma said in a statement that he had visited the 94-year-old anti-apartheid leader at a hospital on Sunday evening and was informed by the medical team that Mandela's condition had become critical in the past 24 hours. (AP Photo/Schalk van Zuydam, File)
Stories this photo appears in:
South Africa: Mandela still in critical condition
Monday, June 24th, 2013 5:54 a.m.
JOHANNESBURG (AP) — Nelson Mandela's condition in a Pretoria hospital remained critical for a second straight day Monday, said South Africa's president who described the stricken anti-apartheid hero as being "asleep" when he visited Mandela the previous evening.


text:
Forgive duplicate post
My non-primal wife is making slow cooker beef stroganoff tomorrow and bought McCormicks seasoning. First ingredient - corn starch. It also has corn and wheat gluten!! Anyone know a homemade recipe for stroganoff seasoning or at least a gluten free pre-packaged version? I want something ready when I bring it up to her later.
Last edited by Ransom; 11-29-2011 at 05:39 PM.
Strength and Honor
Forgive duplicate post
Strength and Honor
You want to simulate artificial food by molding real food into a similar shape? This kind of bass-ackward thinking is troublesome. Cook some salmon and broccoli and moan with pleasure as you eat it next to her.
Knifegill is christened to be high carb now!He gives me Lamprey Kisses in the midnight seanotontherug:
the buttstuff...never interested.
Flubby tubby gums latching onto me
For all that I've done wrong, I mastodon something right...
My pony picture thread http://www.marksdailyapple.com/forum/thread82786.html
I've never done it in a slow cooker. I do it in a pan. Basically I brown the meat (I use chuck) in butter with shallots (or onions) and mushrooms. Then I simmer it down in beef stock until it's nice and tender and the beef stock is practically all reduced. About 40 minutes covered, then uncovered for the last 20. Your time may vary due to the cut you use, but I'm assuming a tougher cut if you're doing the crock pot thing. Then I toss some cognac in there and cook that for a few mintues. I make it creamy with the addition of sour cream at the end. Salt and pepper to taste.
The only difference between this and the classic recipe I started with is that I don't thicken with a roux. (Well that and it normally calls for tenderloin but I need a longer cooking meat and I like my tenderloin rare.) I just reduce the heck out of the beef stock so there's not much liquid.
ETA: By the way, this is probably my most requested dish when people come to my house.


text:
Living Faith: How Faith Inspires Social Justice
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In this instructive and inspiring account, Christian ethicist Curtiss DeYoung profiles three of the most dynamic and influential religious activists of the twentieth century: Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Malcolm X, and Aung San Suu Kyi---each from a different generation, a different faith community, and a different continent. His portraits show how their mystic faith drove them to justice commitments and beyond customary boundaries between people from other traditions, countries, and ways of life.
Living Faith is more than a set of inspiring portraits. It also powerfully analyzes how these figures---along with such other luminaries as Rigoberta Menchu, Nelson Mandela, Winona LaDuke, Fannie Lou Hamer, Elie Wiesel, Thich Nhat Hanh, and the Dalai Lama---shared a fiery core experience and common characteristics that empowered their lives and work.
"Curtiss DeYoung stands tall in the arena of public theology, pioneering a whole new academic movement in reconciliation studies. In times like these, we need empowering reminders of the mentors, heroes and saints whose living faith compelled them to re-imagine the world. For those hungry to explore the connection between spirituality and social justice, DeYoung provides the book we've been waiting for."
-Jim Wallis, author of God's Politics: Why the Right Gets It Wrong and the Left Doesn't Get ItCurtiss Paul DeYoung is Professor of Reconciliation Studies at Bethel University in St. Paul, Minnesota. A well-known advocate and activist, he is author of United by Faith and Beyond Rhetoric: Reconciliation as a Way of Life.
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Number of Pages: 176
Vendor: Fortress Press
Publication Date: 2007
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Just Generosity, 2nd EditionRonald J. SiderBaker Books / 2007 / Trade Paperback$28.13Availability: Usually ships in 24-48 hours.CBD Stock No: WW66136
Beyond Cheap Grace: A Call to Discipleship, Incarnation, and JusticeEldin VillafaneWm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. / 2006 / Trade Paperback$10.99 Retail:5 Stars Out Of 5 1 Reviews
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To make reservations by phone, call 1-888-287-9400 in the USA and Canada (or any of our worldwide reservation telephone numbers).
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text: If you could meet one of the first Christians would you like them? I'm convinced that many American Christians would not. In the course of 2000 years, Christianity- while maintaining the basic tenets, has morphed and shifted from the way it was originally designed and lived out. Since we tend to live in a culture that [Read More...]


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Learn more about SILVER PLATED RONDELLE BEAD W/ TANZANITE CRYSTALS 5MM/4:
Manufacturer: beadaholiq
Mfg Part#: BCZ-1513
Sku: 220222806
See more in Beads
|Silver Plated Brass. 5mm Rondelle Spacer Beads. With Channel Set Czech Crystals. Quantity: 4 Beads. These silver plated brass beads are channel set with seven sparkling Czech crystal rhinestones. Looks great when used as a spacer between two 5mm pearls or other round beads. Stone Color: Tanzanite (Purple) Measurements: 5.2mm diameter, 3mm wide (along string). 1.2mm hole. Czech crystals are approximately 2.5mm in diameter. Quantity: 4 Beads


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The Lasso: Roping in the best of the web
How to wash your hair… in space!
If you've ever watched Stanley Kubrick's "2001: A Space Odyssey," you might have a pretty good idea of how hard it is to work out in zero gravity.
But the times have changed and now lady-astronauts have one more thing to worry about while they float freely in a cold, dark and desolate place: hair shampooing.
That's right.
Watch as astronaut Karen Nyberg, who is part of the Expedition 36 crew at the International Space Station, reveals the secrets of having a clean, shiny scalp, free of lice and looking like a famed toy from the '90s.


text:
Originally written on Fox Sports | Last updated 2/10/13
Senior forward James Southerland of the No. 9 Syracuse Orange has been restored to the team's roster and is eligible to play again, the school announced Sunday. Southerland, third on the team in scoring at 13.6 points and still the team leader with 33 3-pointers, was declared out indefinitely prior to the Villanova game Jan. 12 because of an eligibility matter involving academics. He missed six games, and the Orange went 4-2 in his absence. Southerland continued to practice with the team and attended home games, sitting on the bench in street clothes. He was in uniform and in the Orange's shootaround Sunday afternoon in the Carrier Dome prior to their game against St. John's.
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Unprofessional Fridays: 06/26/2015
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Rocksteady's gorgeous-looking third Arkham game refines its open-world format a bit and lets you drive a whole hell of a lot of Batmobile.
It's squid kids and ink blasting abound in Nintendo's exceptionally fun new online shooter.
Mortal Kombat X moves forward with a snappier version of the previous game's fighting and some cool new characters, but the story and other features around the edges feel a bit rough in spots.
Character »
Disney Interactive is set to include Marvel characters in the next version of its Disney Infinity series.
Disney Infinity is an action-adventure video game based on Disney properties which uses physical toy figures. The game features in-game play sets and a toy box mode that allows users to create levels using mixed-and-matched content.
The game follows the adventures of Captain Jack Sparrow and others from the movies. The title features characters and scenarios from all four films: The Curse of the Black Pearl, The Dead Man's Chest, At World's End and On Stranger Tides
Play as Will Turner, Elizabeth Swann, and the infamous Captain Jack Sparrow in this video game adaptation of the third film in the Pirates of the Caribbean franchise.
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HSBC "lift" by Grey London
Agency: Grey London
Rating: 5.0
By Matt Williams, campaignlive.co.uk, Thursday, 03 November 2011 08:00AM
The global spirits brand has spoken to a number of agencies in relation to its portfolio of UK brands.
Conversations are said to focus in part on the new Bacardi Oakheart brand, a new spiced rum variant introduced in the UK in September to challenge established rum brands such as Captain Morgan and Sailor Jerry.
The product launch was backed by a £3 million advertising campaign created by Y&R New York.
However, Bacardi has since shifted its global ad business to the New York-based agency Johannes Leonardo.
In the UK, Bacardi already works with a number of agencies including Arnold KLP, Quiet Storm and 23red. Y&R's UK shop, Rainey Kelly Campbell Roalfe/Y&R, is the incumbent on Bacardi's Bombay Sapphire business.
Last year, Bacardi spent around £6 million on marketing its portfolio of products in the UK.
This article was first published on campaignlive.co.uk
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Agency: Grey London
Rating: 5.0


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Kitaazumi Gun, Japan Hotels & Resorts - Hakuba Springs Hotel is located in the center of Happo village, few minutes walks away from the main Happo-One ski resort gondola, and with easy shuttle
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text:
The present invention provides a self-supporting laminate filter medium having an electret lofty spunbond web and an electret microfiber web, wherein the spunbond web has a density between about 0.01 g/cm3 and about 0.1 g/cm3.
1. A method of making a laminate filter media comprising:
forming a multicomponent spunbond fiber web having at least a first thermoplastic polymer component and a second thermoplastic polymer component wherein said first thermoplastic polymer component has a higher melting point than said second thermoplastic polymer component;
through-air bonding said multicomponent spunbond fiber web wherein said multicomponent spunbond fiber web has inter-fiber bonds at fiber cross-over points distributed substantially throughout said multicomponent spunbond fiber web and wherein the density of said bonded multicomponent spunbond fiber web is between about 0.01 and 0.1 g/cm3 ;
electret treating said bonded multicomponent spunbond fiber web wherein said multicompnent spunbond fibers retain a charge;
forming a microfiber web;
electret treating said microfiber web wherein said microfiber web retains a charge; and
fixedly attaching said bonded multicomponent web to said microfiber web to form a contiguous multilayer laminate wherein the central portion of said multilayer laminate has a substantially uniform thickness and air permeability.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein said bonded multicomponent web and said microfiber web are bonded along a peripheral edge of said multilayer laminate.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein said bonded multicomponent fiber web and said microfiber web are thermally bonded along said peripheral edge of said multilayer laminate.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein said bonded multicomponent fiber web and said microfiber web are adhesively bonded along a peripheral edge of said multilayer laminate.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein said bonded multicomponent fiber web and said microfiber web are ultrasonically bonded along a peripheral edge of said multilayer laminate.
6. The method of claim 2 wherein said webs are laminated to form a multilayer laminate having a Frazier Air Permeability of at least 100 ft.3 /min./ft.2.
7. The method of claim 6 wherein said multilayer laminate has a ASHRAE filter efficiency of at least 90%.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein said spunbond filter media has a density between 0.015 and 0.075 g/cm3.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein said microfiber web is formed directly over said multicomponent spunbond fiber web thereby forming a substantially cohesive multilayer laminate.
10. The method of claim 9 wherein said microfiber web comprises a meltblown fiber web.
11. The method of claim 10 wherein said multilayer laminate is further bonded along a peripheral edge.
12. The method of claim 10 wherein said webs are laminated to form a multilayer laminate having a Frazier Air Permeability of at least 100 ft.3 /min./ft.2.
13. The method of claim 12 wherein said multilayer laminate has a ASHRAE filter efficiency of at least 90%.
14. The method of claim 13 wherein said spunbond filter media has a density between 0.015 and 0.075 g/cm3.
This is a continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/577,955 filed Dec. 22, 1995, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,721,180.
The present invention is related to a filter medium. More specifically, the present invention is related to a filter medium for gaseous fluids.
Filter media having large interfiber pores and, thus, a high permeability typically contain sparsely packed relatively thick fibers. Such filter media require relatively low driving pressure to provide adequate filtration throughput rate and extended service-life. However, highly permeable filter media, e.g., residential glass fiber HVAC filters, only provide a low filtration efficiency in that the large interfiber pore structures of the media do not have interstitial configurations that are suitable for entrapping fine contaminant particles. Consequently, coarse fiber filter media have not been used in fine particle filtration applications.
In contrast, microfiber nonwoven webs, such as meltblown fiber webs, have been used as fine particle filter media. The densely packed fine fibers of these webs provide fine interfiber pore structures that are highly suitable for mechanically trapping or screening fine particles. However, the fine pore structure of meltblown fiber webs and other similar microfiber webs that have densely packed fine fibers results in a low permeability, creating a high pressure drop across the webs. Consequently, the low permeability of fine fiber filter media requires a high driving pressure to establish an adequate filtration throughput rate. Furthermore, as contaminants accumulate on the surface of the filter media, the contaminants quickly clog the small interfiber pores and further reduce the permeability of the media, thereby even further increasing the pressure drop across the media and rapidly shortening the service-life.
Additionally, microfiber web filter media do not tend to have a physical integrity that is sufficient enough to be self-supporting. Although the physical integrity of microfiber filter media can be improved by increasing the basis weight or thickness thereof, the increased basis weight or thickness exacerbates the pressure drop across the filter media. As such, microfiber web filter media are typically laminated to a supporting layer or fitted in a rigid frame. However, the conventional supporting layer or rigid frame does not typically contribute to the filtration process and only increases the production cost of the filter media.
There remains a need for self-supporting filter media that provide combinations of desirable filter properties, including high filtration efficiency, high permeability, low pressure drop, high throughput rate and long service-life.
The present invention provides a laminate filter medium having an electret lofty spunbond web and an electret microfiber web, wherein the spunbond web has a density between about 0.01 g/cm3 and about 0.1 g/cm3. The invention also provides a laminate filter medium containing an electret lofty spunbond web and an electret meltblown fiber web, wherein the conjugate filaments have at least one polyolefin component polymer and the meltblown fibers have a polyolefin component. The lofty spunbond web of the filter medium contains crimped multicomponent conjugate spunbond filaments, and the lofty spunbond web has a density between about 0.01 g/cm3 and about 0.1 g/cm3. Additionally provided is a process for filtering a gas medium with the laminate filter medium of the present invention.
The filter media of the invention provide highly advantageous filter properties including high filter efficiency and high capacity or long service-life, making the media highly useful for, e.g., various HVAC and combustion engine filter applications.
The FIGURE illustrates an electretizing process suitable for the present laminate filter media layers.
There is provided in accordance with the present invention a self-supporting laminate filter medium having a high filter efficiency and a long service-life. The filter medium contains at least one layer of an electretized lofty spunbond nonwoven web and at least one layer of an electretized microfiber web. The laminate filter medium is highly suitable for gaseous filtration applications, e.g., HVAC filters.
The lofty layer is characterized in that it contains crimped continuous filaments and that the filaments form substantially evenly distributed interfiber bonds throughout the web such that the lofty layer has a large interfiber void volume and a low density. The interfiber bonds of the web are formed where the filaments make contact with one another, especially at cross-over contact points. In accordance with the invention, the lofty spunbond web layer has a density between about 0.01 g/cm3 and about 0.1 g/cm3, desirably between about 0.015 g/cm3 and about 0.075 g/cm3, and more desirably between about 0.02 g/cm3 and about 0.05 g/cm3. In addition, the lofty layer, which has a large interfiber void volume, desirably has a Frazier permeability of at least about 100 ft3 /minute/ft2 (cfm/sf), desirably between about 100 cfm/sf and about 2500 cfm/sf, more desirably between about 150 cfm/sf and about 2000 cfm/sf, as measured in accordance with Federal Test Method 5450, Standard No. 191A. It is believed that the low-density and porous structure of the lofty layer provide numerous but tortuous paths for gas to travel therethrough and, thus, provide highly suitable means for mechanically and electrostatically trapping particulates or contaminants, thereby providing a high filter efficiency without a high pressure drop across the filter media. In addition, the evenly distributed interfiber bonds of the lofty layer impart high physical integrity and strength in the layer, thereby making the lofty layer and the laminate filter media containing the lofty layer self-supporting.
Desirable lofty nonwoven webs suitable for the lofty layer include nonwoven webs containing crimped multicomponent conjugate spunbond filaments, i.e., crimped multicomponent conjugate spunbond webs. The term "multicomponent conjugate filaments" as used herein indicates filaments containing at least two different component polymers that are arranged to occupy distinct sections across the cross-section of each of the filaments along the entire or substantially entire length thereof. The term "spunbond filaments" as used herein indicates small diameter filaments that are formed by extruding one or more molten thermoplastic polymers as filaments from a plurality of capillaries of a spinneret. The extruded filaments are cooled while being drawn by an eductive or other well-known drawing mechanism to form spunbond filaments. The drawn spunbond filaments are then deposited or laid onto a forming surface in a random manner to form a loosely entangled and uniform fiber web. The laid fiber web is then subjected to a bonding process to impart physical integrity and dimensional stability. Typically, spunbond filaments have an average diameter of at least about 10 μm. Exemplary processes for producing spunbond nonwoven webs are disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,340,563 to Appel et al., 3,802,817 to Matsuki et al., 3,855,046 to Hansen et al. and 3,692,618 to Dorschner et al.
In accordance with the present invention, the conjugate filaments of the lofty layer contain at least two component polymers having different melting points, and the lowest melting component polymer forms at least a portion of the peripheral surface of each of the filaments. The component polymers desirably are selected to have a melting point difference between the highest melting component polymer and the lowest melting component polymer of at least about 5� C., more desirably at least about 10� C., most desirably at least about 30� C., such that the lowest melting polymer can be melted or rendered tacky without melting the higher melting component polymers of the filaments. The difference in melting point is advantageously used to bond nonwoven webs containing the conjugate filaments. When a nonwoven web containing the conjugate filaments is heated to a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of the lowest melting component polymer but below the melting point of the highest melting component polymer, the melted peripheral portions of the filaments form interfiber bonds, especially at the cross-over contact points, throughout the web while the high melting polymer portions of the filaments maintain the physical and dimensional integrity of the web.
The multicomponent conjugate filaments suitable for the lofty layer are crimped to form a lofty nonwoven web. Suitable filaments for the present filter media have at least about 2 crimps per extended inch (2.54 cm), desirably between about 2 and about 50 crimps per extended inch, more desirably between about 3 and about 30 crimps per extended inch, as measured in accordance with ASTM D-3937-82. The filaments can be crimped before or after the filaments are deposited to form a nonwoven web. However, as a specific embodiment of the present invention, it is highly desirable to crimp the filaments before they are deposited to form a nonwoven web in order to ensure dimensional stability and uniformity of the web. This is because filaments inevitably change their dimensions when crimps are imparted therein, and it is highly impractical to control the movement of crimping filaments to protect against dimensional and uniformity changes in the web, which inevitably accompany the crimping process.
A particularly suitable process for producing crimped multicomponent spunbond webs useful for the present lofty layer is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,382,400 to Pike et al., which patent in its entirety is herein incorporated by reference. Briefly, a particularly desirable process for producing a multicomponent conjugate spunbond web includes the steps of melt-spinning continuous multicomponent conjugate filaments, at least partially quenching the multicomponent filaments so that the filaments have latent crimpability, drawing the filaments and activating the latent crimpability by applying heated drawing air, and then depositing the crimped, drawn filaments onto a forming surface to form a nonwoven web. In general, a higher drawing air temperature results in a higher number of crimps, provided that the temperature is not so high as to heat the filaments to a temperature above the melting point of the lowest melting component polymer of the filaments. In accordance with this process, the multicomponent conjugate filaments have a conjugate filament configuration that is amenable for thermal crimping processes. For example, a conjugate filament having two component polymers (bicomponent filaments) may have a side-by-side or eccentric sheath-core cross-sectional configuration.
The nonwoven web formed from the spunbond conjugate filaments is subsequently bonded using any effective bonding means that heats the web to a temperature sufficiently high enough to melt the lowest melting component polymer but below the melting point of the higher melting structural component polymers of the web, thereby causing the filaments to form interfiber bonds, especially at cross-over contact points, throughout the web. For example, a through-air bonding, oven bonding, or infrared bonding process that effects interfiber bonds without applying significant compacting pressure can be used. Particularly suitable of these is a through-air bonding process which effects interfiber bonds by thoroughly and evenly heating the web with a penetrating flow of forced, heated air.
The conjugate filaments of the lofty layer are produced from a wide variety of thermoplastic polymers that are known to form fibers. Desirably, the thermoplastic polymers have a resistivity greater than about 1013 ohms-cm, more desirably greater than about 1014 ohms-cm, as measured in accordance with ASTM 257-61. As indicated above, the conjugate filaments contain at least two component polymers having different melting points. In accordance with the present invention, at least one of the component polymers is selected from polymers that are electretizable and form a highly durable electret. Particularly suitable electretizable polymers include polyolefins. Examples of suitable polyolefins include polyethylene, e.g., high density polyethylene, low density polyethylene and linear low density polyethylene; polypropylene, e.g., isotactic polypropylene, syndiotactic polypropylene, and blends of isotactic polypropylene and atactic polypropylene; polybutene, e.g., poly(1-butene) and poly(2-butene); polypentene, e.g., poly(1-pentene), poly(2-pentene), poly(3-mehtyl-1-pentene) and poly(4-methyl-1-pentene); copolymers thereof, e.g., ethylene-propylene copolymers; and blends thereof. Polymers suitable for the other component polymers of the conjugate filaments include above-illustrated polyolefins; polyamides, e.g., nylon 6, nylon 6/6, nylon 10, nylon 12 and the like; polyesters, e.g., polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate and the like; polycarbonates; polystyrenes; thermoplastic elastomers, e.g., ethylene-propylene rubbers, styrenic block copolymers, copolyester elastomers and polyamide elastomers and the like; fluoropolymers, e.g., polytetrafluoroethylene and polytrifluorochloroethylene; vinyl polymers, e.g., polyvinyl chloride; polyurethanes; and blends and copolymers thereof.
In accordance with the present invention, particularly suitable conjugate filaments are bicomponent filaments, and particularly desirable pairs of component polymers include polyolefin-polyamide, e.g., polyethylene-nylon 6, polyethylene-nylon 6/6, polypropylene-nylon 6, polypropylene-nylon 6/6, polyethylene-a copolymer of nylon 6 and nylon 6/6, and polypropylene-a copolymer of nylon 6 and nylon 6/6; polyolefin-polyester, e.g., polyethylene-polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene-polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene-polybutylene terephthalate and polypropylene-polybutylene terephthalate; and polyolefin-polyolefin, e.g., polyethylene-polypropylene and polyethylene-polybutylene. Of these pairs, more particularly desirable are polyolefin-polyolefin pairs, e.g., linear low density polyethylene-isotactic polypropylene, high density polyetylene-isotactic polypropylene and ethylene-propylene copolymer-isotactic polypropylene.
In accordance with the present invention, the laminate filter medium has at least one microfiber web layer in addition to the lofty layer. Desirably, the basis weight of the microfiber web layer of the laminate filter media is between about 7 g/m2 (gsm) and about 100 gsm, more desirably between about 10 gsm and about 70 gsm. The microfiber web layer of the filter medium is characterized in that it contains relatively closely distributed microfibers. Particularly desirable nonwoven webs for the microfiber web layer of the present invention are meltblown fiber webs. The term "meltblown fibers" as used herein indicates fibers formed by extruding a molten thermoplastic polymer through a plurality of fine, usually circular, die capillaries as molten threads or filaments into a high velocity gas stream which attenuate the filaments of molten thermoplastic polymer to reduce their diameter. As is known in the art, the flow rate and pressure of the attenuating gas stream can be adjusted to form continuous meltblown filaments or discontinuous fibers. The formed air-borne fibers, which are not fully quenched, are carried by the high velocity gas stream and deposited on a collecting surface to form a web of randomly dispersed and autogenously bonded meltblown fibers. An exemplary process for producing meltblown fiber web is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,849,241 to Butin et al. In general, microfibers, especially meltblown fibers, have an average fiber diameter of up to about 10 μm. Desirably, microfibers suitable for the microfiber layer have an average fiber diameter between about 1.5 μm and about 8 μm, more desirably between about 2 μm and about 6 μm.
The microfiber layer of the laminate-filter media can be produced from a wide variety of thermoplastic polymers that are electretizable and form a highly durable electret. Particularly suitable electretizable polymers include polyolefins, such as the polyolefins illustrated above in conjunction with the conjugate filaments.
In accordance with the present invention, both the lofty layer and the microfiber web layer are electretized. Electret treating processes suitable for the present invention are known in the art. These methods include thermal, plasma-contact, electron beam and corona discharge methods, and electretizing processes can be applied during the fiber spinning stage of the nonwoven web forming process or after the nonwoven web is fully formed. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,215,682 to Kubik et al. discloses an electretizing process for meltblown fibers that imparts a permanent electrostatic charge during the fiber spinning process, and U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,375,718 to Wadsworth et al. and 5,401,446 to Tsai et al. disclose electretizing processes for fully formed nonwoven webs.
The individual layers of the laminate fiter media or the filter media can be conveniently electretized by sequentially subjecting the web to a series of electric fields such that adjacent electric fields have substantially opposite polarities with respect to each other. For example, one side of web is initially subjected to a positive charge while the other side is subjected to a negative charge, and then the first side of the web is subjected to a negative charge and the other side of the web is subjected to a positive charge, imparting permanent electrostatic charges in the web. A suitable apparatus for electretizing the nonwoven web is illustrated in FIG. An electretizing apparatus 10 receives a nonwoven web 12 having a first side 14 and a second side 15. The web 12 passes into the apparatus 10 with the second side 15 in contact with guiding roller 16. Then the first side 14 of the web comes in contact with a first charging drum 18 which rotates with the web 12 and brings the web 12 into a position between the first charging drum 18 having a negative electrical potential and a first charging electrode 20 having a positive electrical potential. As the web 12 passes between the charging electrode 20 and the charging drum 18, electrostatic charges are developed in the web 12. A relative positive charge is developed in the first side and a relative negative charge is developed in the second side. The web 12 is then passed between a negatively charged second drum 22 and a positively charged second electrode 24, reversing the polarities of the electrostatic charge previously imparted in the web and permanently imparting the newly developed electrostatic charge in the web. The electretized web 25 is then passed on to another guiding roller 26 and removed from the electretizing apparatus 10. It is to be noted that for discussion purposes, the charging drums are illustrated to have negative electrical potentials and the charging electrodes are illustrated to have positive electrical potentials. However, the polarities of the drums and the electrodes can be reversed and the negative potential can be replaced with ground. In accordance with the present invention, the charging potentials useful for electretizing processes may vary with the field geometry of the electretizing process. For example, the electric fields for the above-described electretizing process can be effectively operated between about 1 KVDC/cm and about 30 KVDC/cm, desirably between about 4 KVDC/cm and about 20 KVDC/cm, when the gap between the drum and the electrodes is between about 1.2 cm and about 5 cm. The above-described suitable electretizing process is further disclosed in above-mentioned U.S. Pat. No. 5,401,446, which in its entirety is herein incorporated by reference.
The layers of the laminate filter media of the present invention can be adjoined by various means that intimately juxtapose the layers together. For example, the layers can be bonded to have uniformly distributed bond points or regions. Useful bonding means for the present invention include adhesive bonding, e.g., print bonding; thermal bonding, e.g., point bonding; and ultrasonic bonding processes, provided that the selected bonding process does not alter, e.g., diminish, the permeability or porosity of the web layers or the interface of the layers to a degree that makes the laminate undesirable for its intended use. Alternatively, the layers can be bonded only at the peripheral edges of the media, relying on the pressure drop across the media during use to form juxtaposed laminates. As yet another alternative, the layers can be sequentially formed on a forming surface. For example, a lofty spunbond layer is formed on a forming surface, and then the lofty layer is conveyed under a meltblown web-forming apparatus and a meltblown fiber web layer is directly formed on the lofty layer, thereby forming a firmly attached laminate filter medium.
The basis weight of the laminate filter media may vary widely. However, particularly suitable filter media have a basis weight from about 10 gsm to about 500 gsm, more particularly from about 14 gsm to about 450 gsm, and most particularly from about 15 gsm to about 340 gsm. In accordance with the invention, the filter media contain between about 5 wt % and 95 wt % of the lofty layer and between about 95 wt % and 5 wt % of the microfiber web layer, based on the total weight of the filter media. Desriably, the filter media contain between about 50 wt % and 94 wt % of the lofty layer and between about 60 wt % and 6 wt % of the microfiber web layer.
The laminate filter media of the present invention provide a high filter efficiency and a long service-life. Surprisingly, it has been found that the lofty layer and the microfiber web layer of the laminate filter media synergistically improve the filter efficiency while substantially maintaining the long service-life of the lofty layer. The filter media are highly suitable for HVAC filters, combustion engine filters and the like that require high filtration throughput rate and relatively low pressure drop across the filter media.
The following examples are provided herein as illustration of the invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.
NaCl Filter Efficiency Test
This test method determines filter retention of sodium chloride particles in an apparatus that sends a flow of NaCl aerosol particles suspended in air at a rate of 5 ft/min. into a 0.5 ft2 filter medium. The NaCl particles were generated into an aerosol from a 1% NaCl solution by a Laskin nozzle type atomizer, and the particle size range was between approximately 0.1 μm and 3 μm. The efficiency of the filter medium was determined by measuring the particle size distribution and number of particles at positions upstream and downstream of the test filter medium. The efficiency was defined as 100*(1-(downstream particle counts/upstream particle counts)). The particle sizes and counts were measured using an automatic particle counter and sensor, HIAC/ROYCO Model 5109/1230, which are available from Pacific Scientific Co., Silver Spring, Md.
Filter Pressure Drop
A fresh filter medium was placed in the above NaCl filter efficiency testing apparatus, and the pressure drop across the filter medium was measured in mm of water. The measured pressure drop is the pressure difference between the influent stream and the effluent stream across the filter medium.
ASHRAE 52.1 Filter Efficiency Test
This test measures the efficiency of a filter medium with a standardized ASHRAE dust. The test procedure was similar to the NaCl test, except test dust particles were injected into the air stream and a HIAC/ROYCO Model 8000 automatic particle counter was used. The ASHRAE dust contained 72% standard AC fine, 23% powder carbon black and 5% cotton linters. The ASHRAE test was conducted on a 1 square feet (0.093 m2) filter medium at a higher air flow rate than the NaCl test, and the air flow rate used was 25 ft/min.
Frazier Permeability
The Frazier permeability, which expresses the permeability of a fabric in terms of cubic feet per minute of air per square foot of medium at a pressure drop of 0.5 inch (1.27 cm) of water, was determined utilizing a Frazier Air Permeability Tester available from the Frazier Precision Instrument Company and measured in accordance with Federal Test Method 5450, Standard No. 191A.
The density of each filter medium was calculated from the basis weight and the caliper, which was measured at 3.5 g/cm2 (0.05 psi) with a Starret-type bulk tester.
A low density through-air bonded spunbond web containing bicomponent conjugate filaments was produced in accordance with the procedure outlined in aforementioned U.S. Pat. No. 5,382,400. The bicomponent spunbond web contained linear low density polyethylene-polypropylene conjugate spunbond filaments and had a basis weight of 102 gsm (3.0 osy) and a density of 0.039 g/cm3. Linear low density polyethylene, Aspun 6811A, which is available from Dow Chemical, was blended with 2 wt % of a TiO2 concentrate containing 50 wt % of TiO2 and 50 wt % of a polypropylene, and the mixture was fed into a first single screw extruder. Polypropylene, PD3443, which is available from Exxon, was blended with 2 wt % of the above-described TiO2 concentrate, and the mixture was fed into a second single screw extruder. The extruded polymers were spun into round bicomponent fibers having a side-by-side configuration and a 1:1 weight ratio of the two polymers using a bicomponent spinning die, which had a 0.6 mm spinhole diameter and a 6:1 L/D ratio. The temperatures of the molten polymers fed into the spinning die were kept at 450� F., and the spinhole throughput rate was 0.5 gram/hole/minute. The bicomponent fibers exiting the spinning die were quenched by a flow of air having a flow rate of 0.5 m3 /min/m2 (45 SCFM/inch) spinneret width and a temperature of 18� C. (65� F.). The aspirator was equipped with a temperature controlled aspirating air source, and the feed air temperature was kept at about 177� C. (350� F.). The fibers for each test specimen entering the aspirator were drawn with the heated feed air at a flow rate of 19 ft3 /minute/inch width. The weight-per-unit-length measurement of the drawn fibers was about 3 denier per filament (3.3 dtex). The drawn fibers were then deposited on a foraminous forming surface with the assist of a vacuum flow to form an unbonded fiber web. The unbonded fiber web was bonded by passing the web on a foraminous supporting surface through a through-air bonder that applied a flow of heated air at a temperature of 133� C. (272� F.) and a velocity of 30.5 m/min (200 feet/min). The residence time for each web specimen in the bonder was about 2-4 seconds. The bonded nonwoven webs were charged by passing the web at a speed of 100 ft/min through an electretizing apparatus that contained two sections. The first section of the electretizing apparatus had a wire electrode, which was placed above the web and had a positive potential of about 16 KV, and a roller, which was placed below the web and was grounded; and the second section had a charging roller, which was placed above the web and had a negative potential of about 7.5 KV, and a wire electrode, which was placed below the web and had a positive potential of about 25 KV. The gap between the charging electrode and the roller was kept at about 2.54 cm (1 inch).
A 10 gsm (0.3 osy) polypropylene meltblown web was produced in accordance with the process described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,978,185 to Butin et al. The polypropylene was Himont's HH441. The meltblown web was electretized in accordance with the above-described process.
A layer of the electretized lofty spunbond web and a layer of the electretized meltblown web were cut to 28 cm by 36 cm rectangles. The two layers were placed in the NaCl filter efficiency testing apparatus, placing the lofty layer toward the influent side. The laminate filter medium was tested for various filter properties. The results are shown in Table 1.
The lofty electretized spunbond web of Example 1 was tested for its filter properties. The results are shown in Table 1.
The electretized meltblown web of Example 1 was tested for its filter properties. The results are shown in Table 1.
A 20 gsm (0.6 osy) meltblown web was prepared in accordance with the process described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,978,185 to Butin et al., and the polymer used was Himont's PS015 polypropylene. The web was electretized by following the electretizing process outlined in Example 1. The electretized meltblown web was tested for its filter properties. The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1______________________________________ Ex1 C1 C2 C3______________________________________Basis Wt. (osy) 3.3 3.0 0.3 0.6(g/m2) 112 102 10 20Density (g/cm3) -- 0.030 -- --Filter Pressure 0.7 0.23 0.4 1.3Drop (mm H2 O)Frazier Per- 56 131 92 27meability(m3 /min/m2)Filter Efficiency 90 70 63 85NaCl Test (%)______________________________________
As can be seen from the filter efficiency results of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-3, the combination of the lofty layer, C1, and the microfiber layer, C2, synergistically improves the filter efficiency without unduely increasing the filter pressure drop. In addition, the filter efficiency, pressure drop and Frazier permeability data of Example 1 and Comparative Example 3 clearly demonstrate that the laminate filter media of the present invention not only have significantly improved filter efficiency over microfiber web filter media but also do not require the high driving pressure of the microfiber web filter media.
A three-layer laminate filter medium was prepared. The filter medium had a layer of a 17 gsm (0.5 osy) point bonded spunbond web, a middle layer of a 54 gsm (1.6 osy) meltblown web and a layer of a 102 gsm (3.0 osy) lofty spunbond web. The point bonded spunbond web was prepared in accordance with U.S. Pat. No. 3,855,046 to Hansen et al. using PD3443 polypropylene, and the web was pattern bonded with a diamond pattern of 225 bonds per square inch (35 bonds/cm2) covering about 25% of the surface area. The meltblown web and the lofty conjugate filament spunbond web were prepared in accordance with the processes described in Example 1. The lofty spunbond layer and the meltblown layer were electretized in accordance with the procedure outlined in Example 1. Then the three layers were cut to 28 cm by 36 cm rectangles. Then the three layers were positioned in a laminate form, and the complete peripheral edge of the laminate was thermally bonded.
The filter medium was tested for various filter properties including its filter capacity and efficiency. The filter capacity, which corresponds to the filter service-life, was tested using the ASHRAE filter efficiency test setup. The efficiency test was run until the pressure drop across the medium reached 2.54 cm (1.0 inch) H2 O. The filter medium was removed from the apparatus and the weight gain was measured. The weight gain indicates the filter capacity of the medium.
A three-layer laminate filter medium was prepared as in Example 2, except the lofty spunbond web was replaced with a 92 gsm (2.7 osy) air laid nonwoven web. The air laid nonwoven web was obtained by delaminating the air laid nonwoven web layer of an industrial HVAC filter which is available from Hollings and Bose. The air laid nonwoven web was not an electret web.
The filter property tests were conducted in accordance with Example 2. The results are shown in Table 2.
The electretized meltblown layer of Example 2 was tested for its filter properties. The results are shown in Table 2.
The electretized lofty spunbond layer of Example 2 was tested for its filter properties. The results are shown in Table 2.
The air laid nonwoven layer of Comparative Example 4 was tested for its filter properties. The results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2______________________________________ Ex2 C4 C5 C6 C7______________________________________Basis Wt. (osy) 5.1 4.8 1.6 3.0 2.7(g/m2) 173 163 54 102 92Density (g/cm3) -- -- -- 0.029 0.036Frazier Per- -- -- -- 152 152meability(m3 /min/m2)Filter Efficiency 94.4 90.6 -- -- --ASHRAE (%)Filter 14.2 5.2 -- -- --Capacity (g)______________________________________
Despite the fact that the laminate filter media of Example 2 and Comparative Example 4 had similar physical properties, e.g., similar basis weight, permeability, porosity and construction, the filter medium of the present invention exhibited highly superior filter efficiency and filter capacity over the Comparative Example 4 filter medium. The only difference between the two filter media of Example 2 and Comparative Example 4 was that the Example 2 filter medium contained an electretized lofty spunbond layer of the present invention whereas the Comparative Example 4 contained a nonelectret air laid web layer. This result clearly demonstrate that the electret lofty spunbond web layer of the present invention in combination with the electret microfiber web layer synergistically improves the filter efficiency of the laminate filter medium.
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1. Preheat oven to 450 degree.
2. In a pan boil lasagne noodles for about 2-3 minutes, and keep it aside.
3. In a bowl, add crème, chicken stock, milk, and pesto. Whisk to combine.
4. In 8x8 baking dish, ladle enough mixture to cover the bottom.
5. Lay 2 sheets of pasta over it. Pour crème mixture on top and spread it evenly.
6. Sprinkle parmesan cheese.
7. Repeat, until you form 4 layers. Pour the remaining crème mixture on top.
8. Place the dish in oven, and bake for 15-20 minutes.
9. Take it out and allow it to rest for 10 minutes.
10. Serve pesto lasagne hot with a nice fresh greens and tomato salad.


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track and field
U.S. Gymnastic's all-around champ Gabby Douglas struggled to keep focus in individual events, while track and field events ramp up with 100-meter dash, hurdles and high jumps. Margaret Warner talks to USA Today's Christine Brennan about the latest results from the London Games, including the success of British athletes. Continue reading
Crowds cheered Thursday as the Olympic torch made its way through Beijing, heralding the official start of the games on Friday. Ray Suarez talks to Sports Illustrated writer Brian Cazeneuve about the athletes to watch. Continue reading
Despite efforts to curb China's air pollution, a thick haze swept over Beijing Monday, just days before the Olympic Games begin. Betty Ann Bowser examines the country's pollution woes and the impact on athletes. Continue reading


text: New stories Upcoming Incoming 0° Five Games: 'Red Goddess: Inner World' And Everything Else You Need To Play This Week 16m ago - Platformers, puzzlers, and party games in this week's all-indie Five Games. | PC Comments (0) Source 0° Batman: Arkham Knight (2015) Review | FilmGamesEtc 28m ago - FGE - The 2009 release of Batman: Arkham Asylum was a revelation. Gamers were so used to licensed... | PC Comments (0) Source 9/10 filmgamesetc.com Ad Visit CGMagazine: The Culture of Games Now - CGM is for the mature audience of comics and games that wants more out of their media than just a review score. | Promoted post Read More SiteBot 0° Death's Gambit is the 2D Dark Souls You've Always Wanted 28m ago - Jean Canellas, the lead designer at White Rabbit studios making PlayStation-exclusive Death's Gam... | PC Comments (0) Source 10° Halo 5 listing, dev statement confirm end of series' local multiplayer 31m ago - A Microsoft spokesperson confirmed to Ars Technica that Halo 5: Guardians will not support any fo... | Xbox One Comments (0) Source 20° Are Heavenly Sword & Hellblade Connected? 33m ago - While Ninja Theory have explained that Hellblade is a totally new IP, with all of these similarit... | PS4 Comments (2) Source


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Kimberley Walsh and Nadine Coyle
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04-11-2010, 21:32
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I always used to like Kimberley but I've really gone off lately. I don't know why on earth she would publicly declare that she
wish Nadine good luck, its such a bizarre admission, almost like "yes I'm cold and yes I don't like Nadine."
I also just don't like the way that Cheryl and Co seem to be playground bullies excluding Nadine. Kimberley has explicitly insinuated in the past that Nadine was the one holding GA up and Cheryl has always been tight lipped on the issue of GA reforming but she seems to have chosen the time that Nadine's career is going tits up to declare that she wants GA to get back together. I also didn't like the way that Cheryl's PR team released that picture on twitter of the four girls backstage at X-Factor minus Nadine. They knew what kind of storylines that picture would generate and the fact that it would make Nadine look bad.
Finally, I don't know why the press keep on banging on about Nadine's Tesco deal in such a negative way- at least she hasn't resorted to being an OK columnist and jewellery line creator for Argos like Kimberley.
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Qutenza is also undergoing U.S. regulatory review, and the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has scheduled a Prescription Drug User Fee Act (PDUFA) date of August 16, 2009 to review the new drug application (NDA) for the management of pain associated with postherpetic neuralgia (PHN).
Anthony DiTonno, President and CEO, commented, "We are confident that Qutenza is closer than ever to commercialization as we await the European Commission's decision on our MAA, expected within the coming weeks. We are in late stage discussions with potential European commercial partners for Qutenza, supported by the proposed broad E.U. label for peripheral neuropathic pain conditions in non-diabetic adults, either alone or in combination with other medicinal products for pain. We also continue to plan for the potential U.S. commercialization of Qutenza. Our top priority remains to secure U.S. and European regulatory approvals and become a commercial-stage company. We look forward to several upcoming milestones in 2009."
First Quarter 2009 Financial Results
Total operating expenses for the first quarter of 2009 were approximately $4.5 million, down 46% from approximately $8.3 million in the same period of 2008. The decrease primarily resulted from a $3.5 million decrease in research and development costs. Year-over-year operating expenses were lower as the Company deferred development programs in order to focus resources on regulatory processes and to continue preparations for potential commercialization of Qutenza in both Europe and the
|SOURCE NeurogesX, Inc.
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The investment seeks results that correspond (before fees and expenses) generally to the price and yield performance of its underlying index, the IQ Taiwan Small Cap Index.
The fund employs a "passive management" — or indexing — investment approach designed to track the performance of the underlying index. The underlying index is a rules based, modified capitalization weighted, float adjusted index intended to give investors a means of tracking the overall performance of the small capitalization sector of publicly traded companies domiciled and primarily listed on an exchange in Taiwan. It is non-diversified.
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