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Nurturing and growing
category-leading brands:
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We are creating
a plant-based
We bring the
We offer tasty
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The WhiteWave Foods Company Announces Agreement to Acquire Vega
Extends WhiteWave's Plant-Based Foods & Beverages Platform Into Fast-Growing, On-Trend Plant-Based Nutrition CategoryLearn more
WhiteWave Foods to present at the dbAccess Global Consumer ConferenceLearn more
WhiteWave's brand story unfolds in our 2014 annual reviewLearn more
Red, White and Blue Berry ParfaitRead more on the blog
World Dairy Innovation AwardsRead more on the blog
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Cultivate and CreateWhiteWave 2014 Annual Review
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The WhiteWave Foods Company makes and sells branded plant-based foods and beverages, coffee creamers and beverages, premium dairy products, and organic produce throughout North America and Europe. And we do it in a way that's unlike any company in our industry.Find out how we make a difference


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Discover a selection of top forums baby blake on the internet. Come to share your passion on forums baby blake and meet other fans of baby blake. Then, why don't you create your own forum of baby blake ?
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On too many mornings, the grating soundtrack to my bike-commute into the city resonates from each pedal stroke of the disheveled rust buckets I pass--a drilling, grinding, grit-your-teeth squawk that comes from a neglected chain. Once I'm at work, those sounds follow me into the shop, as customers come in pointing in a roundabout way to their drivetrains and wondering why "that crazy, high-pitched jiggling noise" is coming from "somewhere around here."
It's not an immense chore to keep a chain clean and lubricated. There are all sorts of rules about frequency, the best ways to detoxify a chain, the best lubes. In the end, it comes down, once again, to simplicity: Wipe a chain clean when it's gritty, and lube it when it's dry. The kind of lube I prefer is more liquid than goopy, and it flows freely into all the little nooks and crannies of a chain upon application.
Two things to note: Regardless of how much you clean and lubricate your chain, you will still hear the chain being driven around the sprockets and through the derailleur; metal making contact with metal will inevitably make sound, but with a clean chain it's harmonious and soothing. Also, do not lubricate the chain while it's in motion. This is to keep your fingers safely attached to your hands.
The success and ease of everything I do at my job, from fixing these predictable problems to pulling off desperately brilliant improvisations, depends on how well the bike I'm working on has been cared for. Inevitably, any job on a bike that has been kept up and cleaned goes smoothly and costs the customer less money. Thanks to bikes that live outside, that are never tuned up, or that see the inside of a shop only when they break, my sailor mouth has completely taken over whole days of my life. I'm not saying you have to obsessively polish your bike. Just clean it sometimes when it's dirty, take it for tune-ups at the beginning and end of each season, and instead of waiting until something breaks, have the bike checked out by a pro the second you start to think something isn't right. It'll end up saving you lots of money--and riding time.
Life in a New York City bike shop isn't all routine, of course. One day I was overhauling a donated bike and ended up having to carefully remove the fully intact skeleton of a lizard that had, I can only assume, prior to my handling of the bike, crawled up into the bottom bracket and died. Poor li'l fella.


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The UFC is headed back to Japan with another stacked card headlined by heavyweight's Josh Barnett and Roy Nelson at the Saitama Super Arena on the September 27. read news >>
Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) welcomes Josh Barnett back to the Octagon after nearly two years on the sidelines when he takes on Roy Nelson in the UFC Fight Night 76 heavyweight main event on read news >>
An injury to welterweight John Hathaway earlier this week set the dominoes tumbling for UFC 189. UFC officials, however, were able to shore up the fight with some quick thinking and willing replaceme read news >>
An injury to John Hathaway has resulted in a short-notice reshuffling of UFC 189's fight card. With Hathaway out, welterweight prospect Brandon Thatch now steps up to fight Gunnar Nelson on the event read news >>
The lineup for UFC 189 is currently under fire, and John Hathaway is the latest confirmed fighter to fall victim to injury. While a fractured rib (h/t Globo/Brazil) suffered by featherweight king Jos read news >>
Well, UFC 189 got one piece of good news today, at least. With John Hathaway out with an injury, Gunnar Nelson has a new opponent: Welterweight Brandon Thatch.Filed under: News, UFC read news >>
British welterweight contender John Hathaway has been forced to withdraw from his UFC 189 fight with Gunnar Nelson due to injury. It's been over a year since UFC welterweight contender John Hathaway read news >>
While reports swirl about the UFC 189 main event between Jose Aldo vs. Conor McGregor, Gunnar Nelson kicked off a welterweight shuffle on Tuesday. read news >>
And another tussle against Antonio Rodrigo Nogueira wouldn't be a bad idea, either. Mirko Filipovic already avenged one devastating loss inside the Octagon after defeating Gabriel Gonzaga at UFC Figh read news >>
It's pretty wild to think that Mirko Cro Cop has only been beaten 11 times. Considering the era he dominated in Japan, it's even more wild to think it's not too late for him to even some scores on th read news >>
"He's very good on the ground, and he's even better when it's grappling for MMA, because that's a lot of difference. You know, grappling or Jiu Jitsu is not the same as the wrestling and grappling in read news >>
Decorated grappler Gunnar Nelson says his teammate Conor McGregor has top notch MMA grappling. read news >>
Hard-hitting heavyweights Fabricio Werdum and Roy Nelson threw haymakers at each other inside the Octagon at UFC 143 in Las Vegas in February 2012. read news >>
...because gravy injections haven't panned out too well for "Big Country," according to "The Warmaster." The heavyweight showdown between Josh Barnett and Roy Nelson -- which is set for UFC Fight Nig read news >>
Let the Twitter games begin. Roy Nelson trotted out an old routine today, implying with a nudge and a wink that upcoming opponent Josh Barnett is a user of performance-enhancing drugs.Filed under: Ne read news >>


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1920 - 2012
The family of George Walker wishes to extend fond appreciation for the loving care of George by Tammi Morris, Samantha Magnessen, Mary Legrand and Tammy Hernandez. Those who wish may make memorial contributions in memory of George Walker to the Ingle Chapel Congregational Church or the Walla Walla Community Hospice through the Munselle-Rhodes Funeral Home, 902 S. Main St., Milton-Freewater, OR.
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Glencore Inter (GLEN) - Vale manganese ferroalloy acquisition completion RNS Number : 0413Q Glencore International PLC 01 November 2012 Baar, Switzerland 1 November 2012 Glencore completes the acquisition of Vale's European manganese ferroalloys operations Glencore International plc ("Glencore" or the "Company") today announces that it has, through subsidiaries, completed the acquisition of Vale's European manganese ferroalloys operations, for a cash consideration of USD$160 million. The operations, located in Dunkirk, France and Mo I Rana, Norway, currently have the capacity to produce 150,000 tonnes and 110,000 tonnes of manganese ferroalloys per annum respectively. As part of the transaction, Glencore will become the marketing agent for Vale's metallurgical manganese ore outside Brazil for a period of five years. This is the first time that Glencore has expanded into manganese production, strengthening our marketing offer as well as complementing the department's existing production of other ferroalloys.The acquisition of these operations will add further value to Glencore as the company continues to grow its ferroalloys business. Both operations are strategically well placed in the European ferroalloys market, providing Glencore with an even stronger platform to meet the needs of its customers on the Continent, as well as in other countries. For further information, please contact: Paul Smith (Investors) Charles Watenphul (Media) RLM Finsbury (Media) t: +41 (0)41 709 2487 t: +41 (0) 41 709 2462 Guy Lamming m: +41 (0)79 947 1348 m: +41 (0) 79 904 3320 Dorothy Burwell e: firstname.lastname@example.com e: email@example.com: +44 (0)20 7251 3801 Elisa Morniroli (Investors) t: +41 (0) 41 709 2818 m: +41 (0) 79 833 0508 e: email@example.com About Glencore International plc Glencore is one of the world's leading integrated producers and marketers of commodities, headquartered in Baar, Switzerland, and listed on the London and Hong Kong Stock Exchanges. Glencore has worldwide activities in the production, sourcing, processing, refining, transporting, storage, financing and supply of Metals and Minerals, Energy Products and Agricultural Products. This information is provided by RNS The company news service from the London Stock Exchange END MSCBKDDQBBDBBKN -0- Nov/01/2012 07:01 GMT
Glencore Inter GLEN Vale manganese ferroalloy acquisition completion
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A financial service representative (or FSR) generally works for a bank or credit union, although there are also a limited number of FSR positions available in insurance agencies, financial groups, and other institutions. The financial service representative holds a customer-facing position that requires that the employee be well-versed in the various financial offerings of their company.Read More...
Individuals in this position generally work "banker's hours" (first shift) in an office setting. If serving at a teller's window is part of the job description, institutions may also require the ability to stand, walk, and carry items such as bags of change during their shifts.
Excellent sales and customer-service skills are critical to this position.
Some banks and credit unions require all of their tellers to be financial service representatives, while others separate the two duties. Regardless, basic math skills and cash-handling abilities are necessary. Many companies require a high school diploma or equivalent to become an entry-level financial service representative. However, depending on how extensive the offerings of a financial institution are, there may be considerable internal training or examinations. In addition, many institutions desire previous experience in banking or retail environments. Non-bank institutions that employ FSRs may have different - or higher - education and experience requirements. For example, working for an insurance company, one might need to be licensed in their state for the various insurance products offered by their company.
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Financial Service Representatives who move on to become Banking Branch Managers may enjoy significant pay raises, as Banking Branch Managers get paid an average of $51K per year. It is not unusual for a Financial Service Representative to become an Assistant Branch Manager of Banking or a Personal Banker.
Financial Service Representatives in search of the best pay head to TD Bank, N.A., where the median salary rolls in at $40K. Although pay is top-notch overall, it does seem to be curbed at $52K, which isn't dramatically higher than the lower-end figure of $31K.
Financial Service Representatives will find the worst pay at Bank of The West, where the median salary crawls in at $31K. Furthermore, compensation is curbed at $40K, leaving little room for growth.
Financial Service Representatives typically list a handful of skills they use on the job. Most notably, skills in Banking, Sales, Customer Relationship Management, and Customer Service are correlated to pay that is above average. Those educated in Customer Service tend to be well versed in Microsoft Office.
Median of all compensation (including tips, bonus, and overtime) by years of experience.
Financial Service Representatives with more experience do not necessarily bring home bigger paychecks. In fact, experience in this field tends to impact compensation minimally. Relatively untried employees who have less than five years' experience make $32K, but folks with five to 10 years under their belts enjoy an appreciably larger median of $35K. Financial Service Representatives with one to two decades of relevant experience report an average salary of approximately $37K. People who have worked for more than 20 years report a median income of $38K, which is barely higher than the median for folks with 10 to 20 years of experience.
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Copyright on the Research and Conference Circuit
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December 2nd, 2012
Thread: My First ConceptArt Sketchbookby Dreadd
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SketchBook: My First ConceptArt Sketchbook
Hey everyone. I have been lurking here for some time, checking out the sketchbooks and such and finally decided to post some of my stuff. Most of it is from various classes I have taken through the...
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Dr. Neal Lathia
I am a Senior Research Associate in the Networks and Operating Systems Group of Cambridge University's Computer Laboratory.
My research is all about collecting and using data for health behaviour monitoring and change, using Emotion Sense. I am developing and analysing the Emotion Sense app with Gillian Sandstrom, Jason Rentfrow, and Cecilia Mascolo. I'm using the same system to build Q Sense, a sensing-powered smoking cessation smartphone app, with Cecilia, Felix Naughton, and Stephen Sutton. If you're interested in running your own smartphone studies that collect the same kind of data, check out our open source code and the Easy M app and web site that Chloë Brown is building with me.
My research to date falls somewhere in the intersection of data mining, mobile systems, ubiquitous/pervasive systems, and personalisation/ recommender systems, applied to a variety of contexts where we measure human behaviour by their digital footprints. You can find my research blog here. If you're looking for my consulting work, it's here.
Prior to joining the Computer Lab, I was a Research Associate in the Department of Computer Science at University College London. I researched personalisation in mobile/public transport contexts as part of the EC i-Tour project, with Licia Capra.
I also obtained my PhD from University College London (supervised by: Stephen Hailes and Licia Capra), funded by the EPSRC Utiforo project: my doctoral work centred around online recommender systems and evaluating collaborative filtering algorithms over time.
- April 2015: Advait's work on shared bicycle systems has been published in Transportation.
- January 2015: Q Sense is featured in the latest MRC Network Magazine.
- January 2015: Emotion Sense i-Teams project launching!
- October 2014: Paper on public transport crowd-sourcing to appear at Mobiquitous 2014
- September 2014: Chapter on mobile recommender systems accepted to the 2nd edition of the Recommender Systems Handbook
- August 2014: Android Q Sense study launching. Smoker who wants to quit in the Cambridge/London area? Join us!
- July 2014: PLOS One paper (lead by Chloë) accepted.
Contact Information
Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge
William Gates Building
15 JJ Thompson Avenue
Cambridge CB3 0FD
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Computer Laboratory Office: FN01
Twitter: @neal_lathia
You can find me online on: twitter, LinkedIn, Google Scholar, wordpress, slideshare Google+, Quora, last.fm, goodreads, Mendeley.
I have also set up two google groups: one for researchers interested in Shared Bicycle Systems and another one for all researchers who study Public Transport in London (e.g., Oyster card data).


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Crystek signs Mouser Electronics as distributor
Posted: 23 Jan 2004 Print Version
Keywords:crystek crystals mouser electronics clock oscillators temperature compensated oscillators temperature compensated oscillators[Summary of tips] Crystek Crystals Corp. has signed Mouser Electronics as its national catalog distributor. Mouser Electronics will now stock the Crystek line of high performance and high frequency timing solutions.Crystek Crystals manufactures quartz crystals, XOs (clock oscillators), TCXOs (temperature compensated oscillators), VCOs (temperatu......
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text: Quick View BRIO Stacking Track Supports by BRIO In stock online $14.95 Build a bridge, make a tunnel or stack these supports to create a highway system. Welcome additions to any wooden railway. The more you add, the more you enjoy. Build a bridge, make a tunnel or stack them to create a highway system layout. 2 pieces. Height 73 mm/2.9". Ages 3+. See Details $14.95 was $14.95


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The present invention relates generally to a structure and a method of making Alpha-Ta films, and more particularly, to a structure and a method of making Alpha-Ta in thin films. A seed layer of Ta reactively sputtered in a nitrogen containing environment is grown on the substrate, and using this seed layer of Ta(N) layers of Alpha-Ta are then formed.
1. A method of making an alpha-Ta layer on a substrate the steps of:
(a) forming a seed layer of tantalum doped with nitrogen (Ta(N)), reactively sputtered in a nitrogen containing ambient, on said substrate, wherein said seed layer has a thickness of at least 20 angstroms, and
(b) depositing a layer of alpha-Ta on said Ta(N) seed layer in a nitrogen free ambient, wherein said layer of alpha-Ta has a resistivity of less than 50 micro-ohm-cm.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein said seed layer of Ta(N) is between 20 and 500 angstroms thick.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein said seed layer of Ta(N) is between 20 and 40 angstroms thick.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein said seed layer of Ta(N) contains between 0.1 and 50.0 atomic percent nitrogen.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein said seed layer of Ta(N) contains between 1 and 35 atomic percent nitrogen.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein said alpha-Ta layer is deposited at temperatures of between 100� C. and 600� C.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein said alpha-Ta layer is deposited at temperatures of between 200� C. and 300� C.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein said alpha-Ta layer is deposited at temperatures of equal to or less than 200� C.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the resistivity of said alpha-0Ta layer is equal to or less than 40 micro-ohm-cm.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the total thickness of said Ta(N) seed layer and said alpha-Ta layer is between 100 angstroms and 4,000 angstroms.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein the total thickness of said Ta(N) seed layer and said alpha-Ta layer is between 500 angstroms and 2,000 angstroms.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein said seed layer of Ta(N) contains between 0.1 and 1.0 atomic percent nitrogen.
13. The method of claim 1, wherein said seed layer of Ta(N) contains between 0.1 and 35.0 atomic percent nitrogen.
This patent application is a division of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 07/604,556, filed on Oct. 26, 1990.
The present invention relates generally to a structure and a method of making alpha-Ta films, and more particularly, to a structure and a method of making alpha-Ta thin films. A seed layer of Ta reactively sputtered in a nitrogen containing environment is grown on the substrate, and using this seed layer of Ta(N) layers of alpha-Ta are then formed.
Tantalum metal has two crystalline phases: the low resistivity (12-20 micro-ohm-cm) alpha (bcc) (body centered cubic) phase and a higher resistivity (160-170 micro-ohm-cm) beta (tetragonal) phase. Due to the lower resistivity of the alpha phase, it is preferred for electronic applications over the beta phase.
Tantalum films are generally deposited by magnetron sputtering; however, the beta phase is usually formed for films of typical thickness (less than 3000 angstroms) which are deposited by conventional sputtering methods. This is illustrated in FIG. 1A, where beta-tantalum has been formed on a substrate.
Most of the literature is inconsistent regarding methods for reproducibly depositing a particular phase of tantalum in a predictable fashion. Some researchers have produced results which suggest that there are two main variables which determine what phase of tantalum is grown: the first variable is the substrate temperature during deposition and the second variable is the amount of gaseous contamination in the vacuum system. This has been discussed by L. Maissel and R. Glang, in "Handbook of Thin Film Technology," McGraw-Hill, page 18-12 (1970). They reported that if the substrate temperature exceeds 600� C., the alpha phase is formed; also, if the base pressure of the vacuum system is high, indicating high water vapor, nitrogen, and oxygen content, the alpha phase may result.
These findings are not very useful for electronics applications because processing temperatures above 400� C. are typically not compatible with device fabrication. It is also difficult to maintain and control such a high substrate temperature during sputtered metal deposition. Furthermore, it is difficult to keep a controllable amount of impurities in the system.
In addition, other studies, including one by N. Schwartz and E. D. Feit, have found that they could not use these results to consistently predict which phase of tantalum would grow. See, N. Schwartz and E. D. Feit, "Impurity Effects in the Nucleation of Alpha (bcc)-Tantalum or Beta-Tantalum Films", Journal of the Electrochemical Society, Vol. 124, No. 1, pages 123-131 (Jan. 1977). Schwartz and Feit proposed instead the existence of an "X" impurity which results in the formation of alpha tantalum. The difference between their work and that discussed by L. Maissel and R. Glang, was their hypothesis that the "X" impurity could simply be something on the substrate instead of something in the gas phase in the vacuum chamber.
Finally, G. Feinstein and R. D. Huttemann studied substrate effects on the formation of alpha tantalum. G. Feinstein and R. D. Huttemann, "Factors Controlling the Structure of Sputtered Tantalum Films", Thin Solid Films, Vol. 16, pages 129-145 (1973). They divided substrates into three groups: Group I contained substrates onto which only beta tantalum could be formed and included such substrates as 7059 glass, quartz, sapphire, and metals such as copper and nickel. Group II contained substrates onto which only alpha (bcc) tantalum could be grown. This group included substrates that had been coated with 5000 angstroms thick metal films such as gold, platinum, or tungsten. Finally, Group III consisted of substrates which normally produced alpha tantalum, but could be induced to yield beta tantalum or mixtures of alpha and beta by suitable treatment of the surface. These included substrates coated with 5000 angstroms of molybdenum, silicon nitride, or stochiometric tantalum nitride (Ta2 N). The use of such thick underlayers, as described by G. Feinstein and R. D. Huttemann makes it impractical to use this concept to produce alpha tantalum for electronics use. Since it is generally preferred to not introduce extra materials into a device structure, the use of different materials (such as tungsten or molybdenum) is impractical for electronics use.
Parisi in U.S. Pat. No.3,558,461, discloses a method for fabricating thin film tantalum based resistors by reactive sputtering of tantalum in the presence of oxygen and nitrogen, followed by anodization and thermal pre-aging of the resultant deposited film. The films were reactively sputtered in N2 and O2 containing ambient to control the TCR (Thermal Coefficient of Resistance). The resistivity ranged from 300 to 1500 micro-ohm-cm. The resulting film is referred to as "tantalum oxynitride," which is different than the alpha tantalum films that are produced by the process of this invention.
Kumagai, U.S. Pat. No. 3,847,658, discloses depositing nitrogen-doped beta-tantalum. A thin-film electrode comprising nitrogen-doped beta-tantalum is deposited upon a suitable electrically non-conductive substrate. The process produces N2 doped beta tantalum for capacitor formation, as opposed to the alpha tantalum disclosed in this invention. The films have 0.1 percent to 10 atomic percent N2, and resistivities 10 percent to 50 percent higher than that of pure beta Ta films. Furthermore, beta tantalum was grown on a Ta2 O5 underlayer, whereas, the inventors of this invention disclose the use of Ta(N) as the seed or underlayer for the formation of alpha-Ta.
Schauer in U.S. Pat. No. 3,878,079, discloses a method for producing thin films of tantalum in the alpha phase bcc (body centered cubic) lattice by heating a substrate to a temperature above 300� C. and applying a high frequency discharge to a tantalum target member. The growth of alpha or beta tantalum depends on the N2 partial pressure in the sputtering gas. A nitrogen partial pressure is provided in the sputtering atmosphere, and by decreasing the nitrogen partial pressure, TaN, Ta2 N, and finally alpha tantalum were successively formed. This alpha tantalum was highly doped with foreign gases, in contrast with the invention described in this patent application which is pure alpha Ta. With further reduction in N2 partial pressure, beta Ta is formed, and with still further reduction, alpha Ta can again be formed if the substrates are heated to over 300� C. The resulting film resistivity of that alpha-tantalum produced at above 300� C. was 25 micro-ohm-cm. In contrast, only modest substrate heating is required in the process of this invention, and the reactive gas is only required for deposition of the seed layer, and not for the rest of the film as disclosed by Schauer. A Ta2 O5 underlayer was used by Schauer to allow for easier substrate cleaning; his underlayer is not responsible for the production of the alpha tantalum film.
Anders, U.S. Pat. No. 4,058,445, discloses a method for producing thin film tantalum capacitors having a tantalum thin film electrode mounted on a nonconducting support member. The tantalum electrode is doped with nitrogen to produce a nitrogen content in a range from the nitrogen content of beta-tantalum to that for tantalum nitride. The process of Anders' invention produces "alpha" tantalum deposited on a Ta2 O5 coated substrate by introducing N2 into the argon sputtering gas at a partial pressure of 10-5 torr. These "alpha" tantalum films have high resistivity (100 micro-ohm-cm) with presumably high N2 content.
Arcidiacono et al. in U.S. Pat. No. 4,251,326, disclose a method for fabricating thin film RC networks by forming alpha tantalum capacitor base electrodes on a substrate while simultaneously forming alpha tantalum anodization bus bars on the substrate. The alpha-tantalum film was obtained by sputtering a tantalum film on the substrate, thermally oxidizing the tantalum film to form an underlayer, and then sputtering an alpha tantalum film over the deposited Ta2 O5 underlayer. The purpose of the underlayer is to protect the substrate from attack by corrosive etchants during subsequent processing, and apparently has nothing to do with the formation of alpha Ta. This is different than the invention of the applicants where the Ta(N) seed layer or underlayer is required to produce the alpha tantalum. Alpha tantalum was deposited by Arcidiacono in a Ar-N2 atmosphere at 3-6 mT pressure. The resulting film has BCC structure and contained 10-20 percent N2. The invention of this disclosure has Ta films that have nitrogen in the seed layer only, and not throughout the bulk of the structure.
Koyama et al. (U.S. Pat. No. 4,364,099) discloses tantalum thin film capacitors, which are formed on a substrate which is reactively sputtered with tantalum in a nitrogen containing atmosphere (argon gas with nitrogen gas incorporated in an amount of from 10 to 30 percent) to deposit a highly nitrogen-doped tantalum film having a nitrogen concentration of from 14 to 30 atomic percent. Subsequently a layer of an alpha-tantalum thin film to form the lower electrode is sputtered on the highly nitrogen-doped tantalum film; this second thin film has a nitrogen concentration of from 6 to 15 atomic percent. This intermediate product is then further processed to obtain a tantalum thin film capacitor. During sputtering the temperature of the substrate was maintained at 250� C. The thickness of the highly nitrogen-doped tantalum film was from 100 to 200 nm (1,000 to 2,000 angstroms), and the thickness of the nitrogen doped alpha-tantalum thin layer was at least 100 nm (1,000 angstroms).
An object of this invention is to provide a method for making Alpha-Ta thin films.
Another object of this invention is to provide a simple and highly reproducible method of producing thin Alpha-Ta films.
Still another object of this invention is to keep the resistivity (less than or equal to 40 micro-ohm-cm) of the final structure low enough to make the film a candidate for use in electronics applications.
Another object of this invention is the usage of Ta reactively sputtered in nitrogen as a seed layer to form alpha Ta during subsequent sputtering.
Yet another object of this invention is the process window for the formation of the Ta(N) seed layer.
In one aspect, this invention discloses a method of making an alpha-Ta layer on a substrate comprising the steps of:
(a) forming a seed layer of Ta(N), reactively sputtered in a nitrogen containing ambient, on the substrate, and
(b) depositing a layer of alpha-Ta on the Ta(N) seed layer.
In another aspect this invention discloses a structure comprising a seed layer of Ta(N) on a substrate, and an additional layer of alpha-Ta on the seed layer.
In yet another aspect this invention discloses a structure comprising a seed layer of Ta(N) on a substrate, and having an additional layer of alpha-Ta on the Ta(N) seed layer, and wherein the seed layer of Ta(N) is at least 20 angstroms thick.
The thickness of the seed layer of Ta(N) could be between 20 and 500 angstroms, or it could be between 20 and 40 angstroms.
The seed layer of Ta(N) preferably contains between 0.1 and 50.0 atomic percent nitrogen, and more preferably between 1 and 35 atomic percent nitrogen. Henceforth, all references to percent nitrogen are meant to be atomic percent nitrogen. Precise control of the nitrogen content (as needed for stochiometric Ta2 N) is not needed.
The alpha-Ta layer could be deposited at temperatures of preferably between 100� C. and 600� C., and more preferably between 200� C. and 300� C., or the alpha-Ta layer could be deposited at temperatures of equal to or less than 200� C.
The resistivity of the alpha-Ta layer is equal to or less than 40 micro-ohm-cm.
The total thickness of the Ta(N) seed layer and the alpha-Ta layer is preferably between 100 angstroms and 4,000 angstroms, and more preferably between 500 angstroms and 2,000 angstroms.
The layer of alpha-Ta can be at least 100 angstroms thick.
A product can also be made by the method of this invention.
Similarly, an article of manufacture can also be made by the method of this invention.
The features of the invention believed to be novel and the elements characteristic of the invention are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. The figures are for illustration purposes only and are not drawn to scale. The invention itself, however, both as to organization and method of operation, may best be understood by reference to the detailed description which follows taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1A is a cross-sectional schematic view of a typical sputtered Ta film deposited by the prior art methods.
FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional schematic view of an embodiment of this invention showing the use of Ta(N) seed layer to form alpha-Ta.
FIG. 2A is a plot showing the effect of the Ta(N) seed layer thickness on the resistivity of the total structure.
FIG. 2B shows a cross-sectional schematic view of a typical sample prepared to generate the plot for FIG. 2A.
FIG. 3A is a plot showing the effect of the nitrogen concentration in argon, during seed layer deposition, on the resistivity of the total structure.
FIG. 3B illustrates a cross-sectional schematic view of a typical sample prepared to generate the plot for FIG. 3A.
This invention discloses a simple process to reproducibly deposit alpha (bcc) tantalum on a substrate. The process comprises first depositing a thin seed layer or underlayer of tantalum doped with a small amount of nitrogen, and hereinafter referred to as Ta(N). This is followed by depositing the required tantalum film thickness in the conventional way. A typical structure formed by the method of this invention is shown in FIG. 1B.
It should be noted that the doped tantalum seed layer is not the same as depositing Ta2 N, which requires precise control of the gas composition during the deposition process. In contrast to the work of Feinstein and Huttemann where the various metal seed layers were 5000 angstroms, the seed layer of this invention can be extremely thin (demonstrated to be as little as 32 angstroms or 3.2 nm) as shown in FIG. 2A, which plots total film resistivity (of the composite structure comprising the Ta(N) seed layer and the alpha-Ta layer) versus Ta(N) seed layer thickness. With a seed layer thickness of 16 angstroms (nominal thickness) or less, the resistivity was greater than 50 micro-ohm-cm, indicating the formation of beta-tantalum or a mixture of alpha and beta-tantalum. With thicker seed layers, 32 to 500 angstroms (nominal thickness), the total resistivity indicated the formation of alpha-tantalum. Therefore, it is assumed that seed layers as thin as 20 angstroms will result in alpha-Ta formation. The total resistivity increased with increased seed layer thickness due to the parallel resistance of the seed layer with the 500 angstrom alpha-tantalum overlayer.
The use of the seed layer results in tantalum films that are alpha (bcc) tantalum, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis and the previously mentioned resistivity measurements. The resistivity of tantalum films doped with nitrogen is typically greater than 180 micro-ohm-cms, but the resistivity of the stack of the alpha-tantalum film deposited onto the seed layer can be as low as 20 to 40 micro-ohm-cms depending on the thicknesses as discussed elsewhere, for example as discussed in Example 2.
FIG. 3A shows the effect of the amount of nitrogen in the argon sputtering gas during the seed layer deposition on the total resistivity of the composite structure or film. With a constant Ta(N) seed layer thickness of 250 angstroms and Ta overlayer thickness of 250 angstroms, the percent of nitrogen in argon sputtering gas was varied from 0 to 35 percent. The total resistivity indicated that alpha-Ta was formed with between 0.3 percent to 35 atomic percent nitrogen in the argon during Ta(N) seed layer deposition. With no nitrogen present during the "seed layer" deposition, the high resistivity indicates the formation of beta-tantalum. Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy (RBS) detected between 5 percent and 50 percent nitrogen in the tantalum seed layer as the amount of nitrogen in the argon sputtering ambient varied from 0.5 percent to 35.0 percent. Alpha tantalum was also produced with 0.3 percent nitrogen in argon, but the nitrogen in the tantalum was below the lower detectable limit of RBS.
As shown in FIGS. 2A and 3A, the thickness of the seed layer is not critical for the formation of alpha-Ta, and neither high substrate temperature or controlled system impurities are required.
The process disclosed in this invention is easily done in-situ by introducing N2 during the initial Ta deposition. As we have seen in FIG. 3A, that the amount of nitrogen in the seed layer is not critical; therefore, no sophisticated reactive sputtering process are required.
If the alpha-tantalum layer is deposited in a batch tool, no intentional substrate heating is required. With a single wafer tool, the alpha-Ta layer could be deposited at temperatures of between 100� C. and 600� C., or preferably the alpha-Ta layer could be deposited at temperatures of equal to or less than 200� C.
The following examples are intended to further illustrate the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any manner.
Typically, thin sputtered films are beta-Ta. A process has been developed in a batch tool. To deposit thin films of alpha-Ta, a Ta(N) seed layer is used. This process consists of depositing a seed layer of nitrided Ta (for example, 5 atomic percent N2 in Ar during sputtering), which could be as thin as 32 Angstroms, and then sputtering Ta in argon with no nitrogen. The alpha-phase was produced, using between 0.3 atomic percent and 33.0 atomic percent N2 in the Ar sputtering ambient during seed layer deposition with seed layer thickness above 32 Angstroms. The pressure was varied between 10 and 100 mT (milli-Torr) and alpha-Ta films as thin as 125 Angstroms were produced. No intentional substrate heating was used, although the literature has reported the need for substrate heating. Due to the large change in resistivity between the Alpha and Beta phases, the main measurement technique used was sheet resistivity. Additionally, X-ray diffraction was performed to verify the phase formed and RBS was used to determine the nitrogen content of the seed layer. The X-ray diffraction confirmed the formation of alpha (bcc) Ta in the samples having low resistivity.
A process has also been developed to produce thin, low resistivity (20 micro-ohm-cm) films of alpha-Ta on a Ta(N) seed layer using a single wafer tool. There is a wide process window in terms of N2 flow during seed layer deposition, seed layer thickness, and substrate temperature.
The Ta deposition conditions were as follows: 1000 watts RF, 5.2 mT, 100 sccm Ar, 0-10 sccm N2, and a substrate temperature between room temperature, which is approximately 20� C., and 300� C. Three separate sets of runs were performed, the N2 flow during the seed layer deposition was varied (0-10 sccm), the seed layer thickness was varied (50-200 Angstroms), and the substrate temperature was varied (room temperature of 20� C.-300� C.)
The first runs varied the N2 flow during seed layer deposition. The seed layer was 200 Angstroms thick, and a subsequent 750 Angstroms of Ta was sputtered onto the seed layer. The substrate temperature was 200� C. for all of these runs. With no seed layer, the resistivity was 115 micro-ohm-cm. For the runs with a seed layer, the resistivities were between 23.1 and 24.5 micro-ohm-cm. X-ray diffraction was performed on these films and verified that the films with a seed layer were in fact Alpha-Ta.
The second set of runs varied the seed layer thickness between 50 and 200 Angstroms, while keeping the total thickness constant (1000 Angstroms nominal). The substrate temperature was 200� C. The total resistivity (alpha-Ta and seed layer) increased from 18.7 to 23.0 micro-ohm-cm as the seed layer thickness increased, due to the increased seed layer contribution. The seed layer was sputtered in a 5 percent N2 in Ar mixture, resulting in a resistivity of approximately 200 micro-ohm-cm for the Ta(N).
The final series of runs examined the effect of substrate heating. The total film thickness was approximately 1000 Angstroms, with a 200 Angstrom Ta(N) (5 atomic percent nitrogen in Ar) seed layer, and 750 Angstroms of Ta. No intentional heating or cooling was used on the 22� C. sample; for this sample the temperature was not controlled or monitored and the temperature is assumed to have been at 22� C. The resistivities of the 22� C., 150� C., 200� C., and 300� C. samples or runs indicate that the 22� C. run was Beta (104 micro-ohm-cm) and the remainder were Alpha Ta (22.4 to 21.0 micro-ohm-cm). Samples prepared at 100� C. had intermediate resistivities (42 and 39 micro-ohm-cm), which perhaps indicates a mixture of Alpha and Beta-Ta phase.
There is a wide process window for producing Alpha-Ta films in a single wafer sputtering tool. The resistivity is low, about 20 micro-ohm-cm. Unlike previous work on a batch tool (Example 1), substrate temperature is important; a temperature of 150� C. or above is needed. This may be explained by the fact that with the batch tool, most processes heat the substrates to temperatures equal to or greater than 200� C. without intentional heating.
While the present invention has been particularly described, in conjunction with a specific preferred embodiment, it is evident that many alternatives, modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the foregoing description. It is therefore contemplated that the appended claims will embrace any such alternatives, modifications and variations as falling within the true scope and spirit of the present invention.
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G1 Dubai World Cup and GI Kentucky hero Animal Kingdom (Leroidesanimaux {Brz}) has been confirmed for Royal Ascot's G1 Queen Anne S. over a mile June 18. It will be the 5-year-old's final start before he stands the 2013 Southern Hemisphere breeding season at Arrowfield Stud in Australia. "We had discussed the possibility of either the Queen Anne S. or the G1 Prince of Wales's S.," explained trainer Graham Motion. "But after walking the course, I feel the mile in the Queen Anne will afford our horse plenty of ground. We had only considered the other race because it is run over the same mile-and-a-quarter distance as the Kentucky Derby and World Cup." Motion continued, "The owners (Arrowfield Stud, Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid al Maktoum and Team Valor International) prefer a credential for the horse at a mile and I think the uphill nature of the Ascot course will be a stiff enough test to allow his stamina to come into play. The mile at Ascot is closer to a mile-and-an-eighth race in America because of the layout and if Animal Kingdom were racing in America at this time, we probably would be running him over that distance. The Queen Anne also fits nicely into my training schedule for Animal Kingdom since we freshened him up after his trip to Dubai."
To get the full writeup and all of the details, click here to download today's edition.
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27 year old woman | Minneapolis, MN, USA | Seeking men 26-33 within 50 miles
Hold on to what we've got, it doesn't make a difference if we make it or not! oOOO we're living on a prayer!!
So... I'm a bit shy at first but I think that can be said for most people. I open up pretty quickly once I relax though and I tend to be a very outgoing, down to earth girl. I like camping and laying under the stars on a clear night with marshmallows to munch on. Friends and family are very important to me and I love meeting new people anytime I can. I love country more than hip hop, action movies more than a rom com, steak more than salads and goofing off more than getting my hair done. But I do enjoy doing my nails, dressing up to go out with friends and taking care of my man. In and out of the kitchen. Favorite pastime would be reading a book on the deck while listening to the birds and wind chimes, or spotting for you while you play a shooter game ;) Ask me out and let's see what happens! XOXO
Book club , Camping , Coffee and conversation , Business networking , Cooking , Dining out , Fishing/Hunting , Gardening/Landscaping , Hobbies and crafts , Movies/Videos , Museums and art , Music and concerts , Exploring new areas , Performing arts , Playing sports , Religion/Spiritual , Travel/Sightseeing , Video games , Volunteering , Watching sports
Baseball, Bowling, Cycling, Dancing, Football, Martial arts, Running, Swimming, VolleyBall, Walking / Hiking, Yoga
I exercise 3-4 times per week.
I have Cats, Dogs
I have a yorkie-poo bijon who is my baby, she's small but people love her. I do want a golden retriever some day.
Middle of the Road
Veterans Park, Uptown, Williams Pub, Calhoun, Riverview Theater
Music: Classical, Country, Pop, Jazz; Norah Jones, Sinatra, Micheal Buble, Musical Soundtracks Movies: Sound of Music, Little Princess, The Loser, A team, most Marvel movies
Watch action movies, read romance novels, soak up the sun on a rooftop bar during the summer, walk around aimlessly on a beautiful day, grill, celebrate Sunday Funday with friends. Play board games, volleyball, card games...anything really
My emails lol, it's how i communicate in my busy schedule. Currently reading Nora Roberts Chasing Fire, I just started but so far so good!
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
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|5'4" (162cms)
|5'11" (180cms) to 6'6" (198cms)
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|English, Italian
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New real estate agent, though I've been a massage therapist for about 4 years.


text:
hi, this is my vid
Hope you enjoi and thanks for watching
hi, this is my vid
Hope you enjoi and thanks for watching
Never got into the trials thing, but I'm pretty amazed every time I see it. Very smooth looking.
FYI, some of my friends just zip tie the saddle to theri planet X bikes for a little more clearance.
Last edited by AfterThisNap; 05-01-06 at 03:24 PM.
Carries suspicious allegiance to Brooklyn Machine Works.
amazin dude! you look cool, my mate has an onza hes been doin stuff on it 4 ages but he always cocks up his crank!
easy ****.
oh no! here comes the internet trash talk!!!! weakOriginally Posted by literocola
yeah, well i rated it.
i'd love to have that balance
Wow, thats some crazy stuff. Keep riding man.
That's some intense stuff right there. I can't wait till the summer so I can get out and ride some more...maybe try to learn some stuff like that. Keep up the sick work.
The reason many people dont ride trials is becuse THEY CANT.
Trials in the US consists of a very small number of active riders- less than 6000.
Trials is by far the hardest aspect of riding hands down. Many trials riders spend years and years just to get one skill down.
I've been an expert trials rider for 2 years now, and still suck in my own eyes. Street trials is my love for sure. Though I have some sweet big hit bikes that I take out once or twice a week. But the trials bikes get all the love.
Last edited by literocola; 05-02-06 at 08:44 PM.
Originally Posted by 56Bulldogs
If you want to actually learn some trails check out this video-
Art of Trials with Ryan Leech.
Will teach you much
i have both of those videos man. awesome. manifesto itself was pretty short, but the extras made up for it. i know what you mean when you talk about the difficulty of trials. iv been riding trials for a little over a year and i just learned how to hop on my back wheel. even after months of practice with it its still really sketchy. mastering the art of trials definitely put me on the right track as far as technique. my riding buddy is what really pushes me though. a couple of challenges each time we ride pushes the progression so much faster. the techniques used, especially trackstanding have help emensly with xc too. thats my two cents.
2005 KHS Alite 500
oh sorry dude, i thought you had a pic of manifesto up there too. either way, another great video to check out.
2005 KHS Alite 500
For sure I hear ya. It took me forever to learn to rear wheel hop. Then came the pedle punching and lurching.. I dont even want to recall how many hours along with weeks, months it took me just to get the basics of this.
Oh yeah Manifesto was flockin sick, Ryan Leech is a machine, I dunno how is can do what he does.
This is perhaps one of my favorite snippits of a trail comp. Good song too
Trial Comp KOXX days
Thanks, I might have to check that out for some good instruction.Originally Posted by literocola
It amazes me what people can do. I'd love to be able to pull some of this stuff however I'm still trying to wheelie pass 6 revolutions.
Wanna know a lil secret to the wheelie?
Fight the brake... when the wheel wants to go over, feather the brake just a little bit more. BUT, keep a nice smooth pedal stroke all the way through.
Thanks. I've started getting a smoother pedal but what kills me is the sideways balance, trying to pull up straight and hold it center is tough
Use a lot of your knees to balance. Throw your knees out, along with rolling your ancle. So say Im leaning to the left, I will throw my right knee way out and compensate for the weight diffrence.
cheers, practice, practice, practice,
I never thought that I would get the wheelie down, it took forever to get it down. Once the light goes on, you will be able to keep the front up till your hands want to give out.
My wheelie record is a little over 1 mile without putting the front down.
Trials: Only skilled persistant mofos need apply, seriously, you need so much patience for this discipline its ridiculous, it takes so much practice but it pays off even when you learn the basic moves lol, my friends all get frustrated but I just keep riding and trying new stuff, my balance and stability has improved ten fold thanks to trials alone. Easily the hardest MTB discipline out there. Freeride/Downhill comes next but thats probably because of the danger factor.
Specialized Rockhopper Comp Disc 2006 http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v3...speccy1280.jpg
Very very cool video. I'm just getting into this (trials) and that stuff is so inspiring to watch. I was out tonight with my Bruiser trying to manual more than 2 feet, sigh. That is my big goal right now, but I just started so it's definitely going to take some time...
05 Bruiser


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1. Cook the rice as per directions in the package.
2. For the First Filling: In a bowl, drain the can of tuna.
3. Add the ranch. Mix and set aside.
4. For the Second Filling: In a bowl, shred the crab stick.
5. Add the yum yum sauce. Mix and set aside.
6. For the Third Filling: In a bowl,marinate the chicken pieces with soy sauce, honey, sesame seeds, garlic and onion.
7. Heat a pan and add cooking oil to it.
8. Saute the chicken until done. Set aside in a bowl.
9. Take about 1/2 a cup of rice in between the palm of your hands.
10. Spoon in a little bit of the filling and shape the rice ball as shown in the video. This is done for both the tuna and the chicken filling.
11. Add a strip of Nori on the top and plate it. Repeat the same for the other balls.
12. For the cucumber wrapped rice ball: Take a tablespoon of rice in your hands and shape into a ball.
13. Take a cucumber strip and use it to wrap the rice ball.
14. Plate it and top with the crab meat salad and a few drops of the Sriracha sauce..
15. Serve the rice balls right away.


text:
Home / Store / Journals / Electronic Articles / Nuclear Technology / Volume 61 / Number 1
S. H. Yeh, Alice Y. Ying, J. Weisman
Nuclear Technology
Volume 61 / Number 1 / April 1983 / Pages 78-92
Format:electronic copy (download)
Previous work on the automated selection of refueling patterns under equilibrium conditions has been extended to situations where operational difficulties or changes have been encountered. The approach has been embodied in the REFUEL computer program, which is capable of determining the refueling pattern to be used with conventional boiling water reactor cores or the newer minimum shuffle control cell core configuration.
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The Burns Hilanders volleyball team won Saturday's neutral tournament match against Bonanza by a score of 2-0.
(October 8, 2011: Bonanza, OR 97623) In Saturday's non-league contest, the Burns Hilanders (Burns, OR) volleyball squad were winner over the host Bonanza Antlers (Bonanza, OR), by a margin of 2-0.
Next up, the Hilanders face the Henley Hornets (Klamath Falls, OR) in a non-league contest, on Saturday, October 8. Burns will attempt to better on its 38-4 season record. The Hornets go into the contest with a 12-5 record after their 3-0 league win over North Valley (Grants Pass, OR).
With the loss, Bonanza moves to 9-6 on the year. The Antlers travel to Chiloquin (Chiloquin, OR) to face the Panthers/Queens in a 2A Special District 1 contest on Tuesday, October 11. The Panthers/Queens go into the contest with a record of 2-9.


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Use Trust Points to see how much you can rely on this review.
Darksiders II is an action-adventure/action role-playing[2][3] video game developed by Vigil Games and published by THQ. It is the sequel to Darksiders and was released in August 2012 for PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, Microsoft Windows,[4] and was released for Wii U during launch day in all regions,[5] except for Japan.
Players take control of Death, one of the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse. Core gameplay is a third-person hack and slash action-adventure game with role-playing elements. The game makes frequent use of interactive puzzle elements, requiring the player to think their way through a series of levers, doors, elevators, portals, etc. in order to traverse areas and reach objectives.
Maps are vast and each contain open world "overworld" regions that can be explored freely on foot or by horse, along with numerous dungeons where quest objectives are generally carried out. There are main and side quests, with main and side boss fights. Worlds can be traversed via "fast-travel", whereby the player can teleport to certain map points instantly. While inside a Dungeon, the player is also allowed to fast-travel back to the overworld while saving their dungeon location for continuation later without losing progress.
Death is aided by Despair, a horse that is available for use in open areas of the overworld ...


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Where do I obtain a Fulbright Application Form?
The application form is available online from the Institute of International Education (IIE). You are given access to the application form once you have completed the Fulbright registration process. For your application to be considered, you must submit it both electronically and in hard copy.
What do I need to submit by the Campus Deadline (Wednesday, September 21, 4.00 p.m.)?
The completed application form and all supporting materials (letters
of recommendation; foreign language reports (if required); Duke
and other transcripts) are due Wednesday, September 21, 2005
(4.00 p.m.).
Applicants in the creative and the performing arts need also to
submit the Supplemental
Record Form, as well as materials described on that form.
NOTE: Letters of recommendation and all transcripts must be ORIGINAL. Fulbright does not accept faxed or emailed letters of recommendation.
Where do I submit my application?
Your hard-copy application and all supporting materials should be mailed to: Nancy Hare Robbins, Duke University Center for International Studies, Box 90404, Duke University, Durham NC 27708-0404 OR hand-delivered on campus to: Nancy Hare Robbins, Room 105, John Hope Franklin Center at 2204 Erwin Road.
NOTE: Letters of recommendation are confidential. Hand-delivered original letters of recommendation must be in sealed envelopes that are signed by the referee on the back flap.
Can I modify my application once it is submitted?
What are letters of affiliation?
You are allowed to submit copies of correspondence you have developed with people or institutions in your prospective host country. If you are proposing to study abroad for a year, this might include letters you have received from a university admissions office or from faculty who teach the classes you hope to take. If you are proposing a research project, this might include letters from a professor you hope to work with or an archivist in charge of the sources you wish to consult. These letters can be crucially important. They might be from an NGO saying that you will be welcome to use an office and computer during your Fulbright year; from a professor saying that he or she is willing to supervise your research project if you get a Fulbright, etc. These letters should be signed originals on the letterhead of the person or organization to which you wish to be affiliated. THE FULBRIGHT U.S. STUDENT PROGRAM WILL NOT ACCEPT FAXED OR MAILED MATERIALS FROM ANY SOURCE. Duke will accept faxed or mailed letters of affiliation, but these must be replaced by signed originals by the Fulbright national deadline.
If you are unsure about what constitutes affiliation correspondence, please email Nancy Hare Robbins (firstname.lastname@example.com).
Do I need to use the supplemental forms?
It depends. If your application requires foreign language proficiency, you must print out the Foreign Language Report and have it completed by a qualified instructor (not necessarily from Duke) who teaches that language.
The References Form includes useful instructions for your recommendation letter writers and reminds you to provide a draft of your proposal to these individuals. You should make sure your writers have these instructions and your completed application including your project proposal and curriculum vitae. They do not need to write their letter on this form, nor do we need one of these forms for each letter. Recommendation writers are free to write letters on their personal or departmental letterhead as long as it is clear just who they are (i.e., their title, university/business affiliation, etc.).
The Supplemental Material Record Form is only for applicants in the creative & performing arts (there are detailed instructions on-line on how to fill out that form).
Why is the Duke deadline so early?
The Duke deadline needs to be so early because we need to interview all of our many applicants. Over the past four years - when we have averaged nearly 60 applicants per year - that took more than two weeks to accomplish. Because of the large number of interviews and the limited availability of faculty interviewers, we need to set the interview appointments and will present to you via email a date and time at which we need you to be present. We request that you adjust your schedule to conform to this date/time. If you do have an inflexible conflict, let us know and we'll try to re-schedule your interview. A Duke class does NOT constitute an inflexible conflict
How does one apply for a grant?
Students enrolled at Duke University at the time of application must apply through the Duke Fulbright Program Adviser (FPA). Applicants who are not currently enrolled (at-large) may apply through Duke or obtain application forms and information directly from IIE.
When is the application deadline?
The application deadline is late October, 2005 for all grants for the 2006-2007 academic year.
Can grantees obtain credit for their year abroad?
Because most foreign universities do not use the credit system, there is no guarantee that Duke student will receive credit for work done abroad. If you desire credit for work done abroad, you must make arrangements with Duke, preferably prior to departure.
Are younger students at a disadvantage in the competition?
No. The J. William Fulbright Foreign Scholarship Board looks favorably on qualified graduating seniors, who are still in the process of developing specific career plans. In fact, such applicants benefit greatly from the international skills and awareness they gain as a Fulbright Scholar, which will be invaluable as they embark on their careers.
What types of forms are required?
There is a single application form for all types of grants: Fulbright Full and Travel grants, Teaching Assistantships, etc. Since candidates may apply generally only to one country, one application suffices for all awards to that country for which an applicant is eligible. For example, candidates applying to Germany are considered not only for the Fulbright Full and Travel Grants, but also for the Bavarian State Government Grants, or the Germanistic Society of America-Quadrille Awards, provided they satisfy all the qualifications for each of the awards. There is no need to file a separate application for each award.
How can one apply for summer grants?
There are no summer grants available under the IIE-administered portion of the Fulbright Program. IIE, however, does administer several non-Fulbright study abroad programs that are available during the summer.
Can IIE-administered awards be used to obtain a medical degree overseas?
No. However, if candidates already have an M.D. or the equivalent and wish to continue medical or hospital training or to obtain additional practical clinical experience abroad, they may apply for an award through IIE.
What about candidates who have a Ph.D.?
Applicants who do not hold a Ph.D. degree by late October, 2004 may apply for an IIE-administered award to any country, even though they may anticipate receiving the Ph.D. degree before taking up the grant. Others who hold Ph.D.s should inquire about Fulbright Research Grants or Fulbright Scholar Grants through the Council for the International Exchange of Scholars.
What kind of supplementary documentation must candidates in the arts provide?
Specifications regarding supplementary material are provided in the application form. These instructions should be followed closely, particularly with regard to numbers of slides to submit. If no specific instructions are provided for your particular field of study (e.g., electronic music), you are free to submit whatever material you feel is appropriate and best illustrates your abilities.
What does the National Screening Committee look for in reviewing applications?
The National Screening Committee looks very closely at all application materials. Specifically, the Statement of Proposed Study is reviewed very carefully. Considerations include the nature of the project, its originality, the academic preparation for completing the project described, and any additional investigation the student has undertaken to ensure that resources to accomplish the project are available in the proposed host country. The screening committee also takes into account factors such as academic and professional achievement, demonstrated leadership potential, and community involvement. Successful grantees are expected to exhibit these and other related qualities that demonstrate their flexibility and aptitude for success in an unfamiliar environment abroad.
On-Campus Deadline: Wednesday, September 21, 2005 (4.00 p.m.)


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Rethinking Europe
Social Theory and the Implications of Europeanization
By Gerard Delanty, Chris Rumford
Routledge – 2005 – 12 pages
Routledge – 2005 – 12 pages
Dominant approaches to the transformation of Europe ignore contemporary social theory interpretations of the nature and dynamics of social change. Here, Delanty and Rumford argue that we need a theory of society in order to understand Europeanization. This book advances the case that Europeanization should be theorized in terms of:
This fascinating book broadens the terms of the debate on Europeanization, conventionally limited to the supersession of the nation-state by a supra-national authority and the changes within member states consequent upon EU membership.
Demonstrating the relevance of social theory to contemporary issues and with a focus on European transformation rather than simplistic notions of Europe-building, this truly multidisciplinary volume will appeal to readers from a range of social science disciplines, including sociology, geography, political science and European studies.
'Rethinking Europe provides a thought-provoking and important contribution to European studies. In this book, Gerard Delanty and Chris Rumford propose to develop a new vision of Europe. This vision does not focus on defining what is distinctivelyEuropean but explores the cosmopolitan quality of Europe.'
- Milena Büchs, University of Southampton
Rethinking Europe makes a valuable contribution to the question of how political entities such as nation states, the European Union and a 'global polity' are related to 'society building'. - Sociology, Book Reviews
1. Theorizing Europeanization: Towards a Constructionist Theory of Society 2. History, Modernity and the Multiple Conceptions of Europe: European Transformation in Historical Perspective 3. Is there a European Identity? European Self-Understanding Beyond Unity and Diversity 4. What Does it Mean to be a 'European'? The Possibility of Cosmopolitan Loyalties 5. The New Cultural Logic of Europeanization: Citizenship, Memory, and Public Discourse 6. The European Social Model: From Welfare State to Learning Society and Beyond 7. Organizing European Space: Borderlands, 'Undivided Europe', and Spatiality Beyond Territory 8. The European Union as Non-State: The Spatialization of EU Governance 9. Towards a European Polity? Europe Meets the World 10. Rethinking European Society: The Global Civil Society Context Conclusion: Towards a Cosmopolitan Europe
Name: Rethinking Europe: Social Theory and the Implications of Europeanization (Paperback) – Routledge
Description: By Gerard Delanty, Chris Rumford. Dominant approaches to the transformation of Europe ignore contemporary social theory interpretations of the nature and dynamics of social change. Here, Delanty and Rumford argue that we need a theory of society in order to understand Europeanization...
Categories: Europe - Social Policy, Social Theory


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Since doing Chalene Johnson's "30 Day Challenge to Master Organization and Achieve Your Goals" I have been all about using my time wisely (even more than before hehe.) One of her tips was to listen to personal development audio books in the car instead of music, every once in awhile. Don't get me wrong, I still love to crank up the tunes and jam out in my car. But when I get the itch to do a little learning during my trips to and from the dance studio I'll pop in an audio book.
So far I have listened to:
"Mindless Eating: Why We Eat More Than We Think" by Brian Wansink
"The Total Money Makeover: A Proven Plan for Financial Fitness" by Dave Ramsey
"Entreleadership: 20 Years of Practical Business Wisdom From the Trenches" by Dave Ramsey (can you tell I'm a huge Dave Ramsey buff?)
By far my most favorite one (so far) has been Entreleadership. So many of the things he has said have made an impact on me. I'm SUCH a perfectionist and I don't take criticism well (I take it very personally, actually) and I'm really trying to work on this. A quote he gave from Aristotle is now going to be my personal mantra and I liked it so much I wanted to share it with you.
"Criticism is something we can avoid easily by saying nothing, doing nothing, and being
Unless I want to go through life coasting, not making any impact on any one's life, not accomplishing anything major, I have to learn to accept criticism. It's a part of the game. Hope this quote can also ring true for you.


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NOX Technologies' discovery of specific inhibitors of arNOX that potentially ameliorate skin damage and the signs of aging led to Nu Skin's development of specific skin care products that are useful for improving the youthful appearance of the skin.
About Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc. demonstrates its tradition of innovation through its comprehensive anti-aging product portfolio, independent business opportunity and corporate social responsibility initiatives. The company's scientific leadership in both skin care and nutrition has established Nu Skin as a premier anti-aging company. The company's anti-aging products feature the new ageLOC® suite of products including the ageLOC®R2 nutritional supplement, ageLOC® Galvanic Spa System and ageLOC Galvanic Body Spa™, as well as the ageLOC® Transformation daily skin care system. A global direct selling company, Nu Skin operates in 53 markets worldwide and has more than 900,000 active distributors and preferred customers. Nu Skin is traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol 'NUS'. More information is available at http://www.nuskin.com.
Please Note: This press release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended that represent the company's current expectations and beliefs. All statements other than statements of historical fact are "forward-looking statements" for purposes of federal and state securities laws and include, but are not limited to, statem
|SOURCE Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Copyright©2012 PR Newswire.
All rights reserved


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By: Will Peters
Number of Reviews: 1400
Average Score: 64
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Our Favorite Classes in New York.
Learn something new or revisit an old passion today!
Culinary Adventures
Slice Perfect Pizza Making Class
Learn from the pros and craft homemade pizza with organic ingredients in Slice's three-hour pizza-making class.
When: Weekly Sundays 3:00 PM
Where: Slice Perfect
Sushi Basics
You love to eat sushi, now make it yourself! Learn the necessary ingredients, equipment, where to buy them, and then roll, roll, roll!
When: August 16, 2012 at 6:30 PM
Where: Camaje
Regional Beer, Pickles, and Cheese
Explore a new region through taste. We will craft an evening of cheeses, beer and pickles all from a single region.
When: August 19, 2012 at 4:00 PM
Where: Bedford Cheese Shop
Get Down to Business
Hatchery Dev Shop
Starting from scratch, become a developer in 3 months and 3 modules.
When: 9/18/12 18:30
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Investment Banking Workshop
Are you a student passionate about a career in Finance? Attend this 2-day Investment Banking workshop for the chance to be inducted into the Leaders Candidate Program which provides mentoring, networking and career support. Open to undergrads and graduate students only.
When: 9/22/12 21:00
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4 Weeks to Get Traction: Lean Validation Accelerator
Startups often fail not because they can't build the technology, but because they solve a problem that customers don't care about—or don't care enough. This course is designed to help you avoid their fate.
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This class is an introduction to key concepts Lean Startup and Customer Development based on the content we've taught to over 2,000 entrepreneurs and corporate intrapreneurs.
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Intro to Capoeira Dance Class with Urban Girl Squad
You'll dance with grace. And you'll fight like a tiger. Simultaneously. You'll fly through the air with Brazilian Capoeira, an art form that combines dance and martial arts.
When: August 18, 2012 from 2:00 PM
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Fill your lungs with fresh sea air, soak in the sunshine and stretch all your cares away with this weekly yoga class.
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Discover a new approach to healthy eating with this hands-on workshop.
When: 9/9/12 21:00
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Storytelling Skills: Wow Your Crowd
The Story Studio's storytelling workshop equips you with the tools to discover a story's core message in a friendly, social environment where you can return to rehearse and receive feedback.
When: August 16, 2012 from 6:00 PM
Where: General Assembly
Website in a Box: Build a Functioning Site or Blog *Free Book*
In this intensive workshop you'll learn the fundamentals of HTML/CSS and how these apply to customizing a WordPress site. You'll learn how to set up a WordPress site from scratch and walk away with functioning site that is easy enough to use with little to no coding knowledge.
When: August 20, 2012 from 7:00 PM
Where: Projective Space


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31 year old woman | Baltimore, MD, USA | Seeking men 29-35 within 20 miles
Old Fashioned Romantic
I don't do the clubs/party scene. I never meet people so I'm trying something new. Talk to me and get to know me! I promise I'm nice :-) I like men that are romantic, funny, silly (I'm goofy and love to laugh) and intelligent. A man that I can learn from but isn't afraid of learning from me. I am looking for a long term relationship. Not into bed hopping. I respect me so he has to also. He has to be good with kids. Anything you want to know just ask! I am very honest. i totally dislike liars. I am not good at talking about myself. I am super shy! I just want that someone special who wants a good woman by his side.
Cooking , Dining out , Movies/Videos , Museums and art , Exploring new areas , Playing cards , Video games
Aerobics, Bowling, Dancing, Swimming, Weights / Machines
I exercise 1-2 times per week.
I like Dogs
Middle of the Road
Coppin State University, Baltimore, MD
I have too many things i like! i am versatile. if i haven't done it before i'm willing to try.
Spending time with my children. I like museums, movies and I am a big history buff. I like romantic evenings out or just chilling at home talking, playing board games or watching movies.
I read a lot. It is my favorite thing to do in my spare time. I read almost everything except romance LOL
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
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|5'7" (170cms)
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|No preference
|Light brown
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|Never Married
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I believe in God and I would like my partner to have faith also. He may not go to church EVERY sunday but regularly because I do. I believe that you have to be equally yoked spiritually if a relationship is going to last.
|Some college
|High school
I attended trade school for medical assisting, now I attend college for nursing.


text: Publications Search Results Users may wish to consult What's Included in the Bibliography. Results 1 - 2 Results per page: 25 50 100 Sort by: Pub Date (newest) Title Recent Additions Author Clear All Pub. Year Citation 2001 Kanazawa, Satoshi . Comment: Why we love our children. American Journal of Sociology. 106, (6), 1761-1776. Full Text Options: DOI Worldcat Google Scholar Export Options: RIS EndNote XML 2000 Kanazawa, Satoshi, Still, Mary C. Parental Investment as a Game of Chicken. Politics and the Life Sciences. 19, (1), 17-26. Full Text Options: Worldcat Google Scholar Export Options: RIS EndNote XML [1]


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Comment: Re:Bullets are OK, but... (Score 5, Informative) 247 247
> One of the features of safety glass is that when it breaks there aren't (or many) pointy edges created.
Which kind of safety glass?
They were talking about windshields, those are laminated glass. That means you have two sheets of ordinary annealed glass (which DOES break into big, dagger-like sharp pieces) with a plastic sheet in between (which prevents those sharp pieces from going anywhere). Presumably, given an appropriate substrate, you could make laminate out of any glass-like sheet.
The other kind of safety glass is tempered. This causes the glass to be stressed along the edges so that when it does break, it breaks into a million tiny pieces (all of which are very, very sharp). It may also simultaneously pop, especially if hit along the edges. It's less dangerous because the pieces, while sharp, are simply too small to do any real damage even if, say, a piece explodes while you're holding it.
Source: I worked for a cut & temper operation, I've dealt with all kinds of glass.


text:
Recipe by: Alley
Original recipe yields 20 servings
Amount per serving ({{servings}} total)
Based on a 2,000 calorie diet
Sort stores by
Ready In
This simple salad is tart, sweet, crisp, and refreshing.
A yummy salad to enjoy all year round.
Your rating
Thanks. It turned out great!
This was a hit, everyone loved it.


text:
Nishiki Youth Mondio Bike Helmet
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Product Information:
The Nishiki® Youth Mondio Bike Helmet is made for the kid who wants to pedal with style and safety in mind. The inmold technology with EPS liner and polycarbonate shell provide maximum strength. The lightweight, low-profile design features 20 vents to maximize airflow for a cool and fun bike ride.
- Youth helmet
- Inmold technology with EPS liner and polycarbonate shell provides maximum strength and safety
- Lightweight, low-profile design features 20 large vents to maximize airflow
- Micro-adjust fit system provides a secure and comfortable fit
- Sizing: Youth Universal Fit (50 - 54cm)
- Complies with U.S. CPSC Safety Standard for bicycle helmets for persons age 5 and older
- Model: NKI003HMT
- Nishiki
Country of Origin: ChinaWeb ID: 12755600
Customer Reviews:
Rated 5 out of 5�by 1 reviewer.
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1-1 of 1


text:
A lawsuit against The Citadel over sexual abuse committed at its defunct summer camp will go forward after a federal judge Thursday rebuffed the school's argument that the statue of limitations had run out on claims of negligence.
A former camper, now 25, is suing the military college, alleging it failed to protect him from abuse at the hands of former Marine Capt. Michael Arpaio, a Citadel graduate who volunteered at the camp, between 1998 and 2000.
U.S. District Judge Richard Gergel dismissed one claim in the suit that alleged The Citadel had violated the former camper's constitutional rights. The former camper had already agreed to withdraw other claims against the school for alleged sexual harassment, assault and battery and emotional harm.
The school was hoping to see the remainder of the case dismissed by arguing that the former camper's claims of negligence on The Citadel's part were reported too late to meet the statute of limitations.
Gergel, however, didn't buy that argument and allowed the claim to stand.
The former camper, whose name has not been released, alleges Arpaio sexually abused him as a child 21 separate times, according to court records.
The suit was filed in December 2013 and is one of two suits filed against the school regarding alleged incidents with Arpaio.
The Citadel previously paid out $3.8 million to settle claims from five other former campers that alleged abuse by Arpaio at the camp.
In 2003, Arpaio, then 29, pleaded guilty in military court to charges ranging from indecent assault to providing alcohol to minors. He was sentenced during a court-martial to 10 years of confinement, suspended to 15 months at the Navy brig in Hanahan, authorities said.
He's now serving a 12-year federal prison sentence for his role in a carjacking conspiracy that led to the death of a cocaine courier in Puerto Rico in 2008.
Reach Natalie Caula Hauff at 937-5594 or Twitter.com/ncaula.
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