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A system for managing of mobile phones at a roaming network, each mobile handset having a first handset number from its home network. The roaming network assigns a second number to a detected roamer, which number is local to the roaming network. The second number is not known directly to the handset, which continues to identify itself using the first number. The handling unit acts as a local home location register for handling local management of the roaming handset using both the second number and the first number, thus allowing the handset to identify itself using the first number but be called using the second number at local call rates.
1. System for managing of mobile phones at a roaming network, each mobile handset having a home network and a first number associated with said home network, and being currently located at said roaming network, the system comprising:
an assignment unit for assigning a second number to a respective roaming handset, the assigning being for the duration of at least the current visit of the roamer in the roaming network, the assigning being triggered by a temporary roaming registration of said mobile handset to said cellular roaming network, said second number being associated with said roaming network, and
a handling unit for translating said second number into said first number for the locating of said respective roaming handset within said roaming network using said second number, to render said respective handset reachable by dialing said first number and reachable as a local user by dialing said second number.
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21. A method of operating mobile handsets at a roaming network, said roaming network being a cellular roaming network to which said mobile handset is temporary registered, and being other than a respective home network, respective mobile handsets having a first dialing number associated with the home network, the method comprising:
assigning to a respective mobile handset a second, user dialing handset number associated with said roaming network for dialing to reach said respective roaming mobile handset,
assigning a substitute home location register at said roaming network adapted to receive location queries based on said second number for routing corresponding calls to said respective handset, such that said second number assignment is triggered by a temporary roaming registration of said mobile handset to said cellular visited network and is for the duration of a current visit to said roaming network to reach said respective mobile handset, and
querying a visited location register at said roaming network for routing of said calls using said first number, such that said first number is dialable to reach said respective mobile handset.
The present application claims priority from U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/653,132, filed on Feb. 16, 2005, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/682,378, filed on May 19, 2005, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/720,033, filed on Sep. 26, 2005, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
The present invention relates to a local number solution for roaming mobile telephony users.
Along with everyone else, frequent travelers pay premium rates for using their mobile phones while roaming. For frequent travelers, however, the costs mount up rather more quickly than for everyone else. To reduce their costs, frequent travelers therefore often purchase local prepaid SIM cards and in this way they can be reached, at least by their local contacts, using local call costs. This reduces mobile terminated (MT) costs and removes the burden of international call expenses from local contacts. Such a solution is advantageous for the business traveler who has locally based business contacts.
This situation however causes travelers some inconvenience if they want to receive International and local calls at the same time. Either they must carry two SIM cards, one for local and one for international use. Alternatively the traveler must keep two mobile handsets, one for local and one for International use. If the traveler uses just one SIM card then she must replace the SIM in her mobile handset (if not SIM locked)—thus missing incoming calls on the inactive SIM.
Mobile phone users expect their roaming experience to match their mobile lifestyles, with easy access to both services and people anywhere, anytime. Yet, dialing and receiving calls in visited networks is usually carried out at premium rates.
The result is that roamers look for cheaper methods of using their handsets. Turning OFF the handset is one sure way to lower roaming expenses and rejecting incoming calls is another. Many roamers, traveling frequently to specific destinations, buy local prepaid cards for roaming in the visited country. However, when they replace the SIM in their handsets, they become unavailable on their home network MSISDN, These roamers tend to use two handsets, in order to enable both numbers concurrently.
It is further noted that roaming users are regarded as very valuable customers by cellular handset companies, frequent roamers all the more so, and the more it is possible to attract and retain roamers at any given network the better.
It is also noted that the tendency of a roamer to have a second, local number via a replacement SIM card represents loss of revenue to the originating network of the roamer, whose services are not being utilized as long as its own SIM card is removed.
There is thus a widely recognized need for, and it would be highly advantageous to have, a system for roaming users which is devoid of the above limitations.
According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided a system for managing of mobile phones at a roaming network, each mobile handset having a home network and a first number associated with said home network, and being currently located at said roaming network, the system comprising:
an assignment unit for assigning a second number to a respective roaming handset, said second number being associated with said roaming network, and
a handling unit for handling management of said respective roaming handset using said second number.
According to a second aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of operating mobile handsets at a roaming network, said roaming network being a network other than a respective home network, respective mobile handsets having a first number associated with the home network, the method comprising:
assigning to a respective mobile handset a second, handset number associated with said roaming network,
assigning a substitute home location register at said roaming network adapted to receive location queries based on said second number for routing corresponding calls to said respective handset, and
querying a visited location register at said roaming network for routing of said calls using said first number.
According to a third aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of operating a roaming mobile handset having a first number associated with a home number, and a second number associated with said roaming network being usable at said roaming network for contacting said roaming mobile handset, the method comprising:
at said roaming network detecting an outgoing call being made at said roaming mobile handset, and
selecting between said first handset number and said second handset number to be sent as an identifier with said call.
Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The materials, methods, and examples provided herein are illustrative only and not intended to be limiting.
Implementation of the method and system of the present invention involves performing or completing certain selected tasks or steps manually, automatically, or a combination thereof. Moreover, according to actual instrumentation and equipment of preferred embodiments of the method and system of the present invention, several selected steps could be implemented by hardware or by software on any operating system of any firmware or a combination thereof. For example, as hardware, selected steps of the invention could be implemented as a chip or a circuit. As software, selected steps of the invention could be implemented as a plurality of software instructions being executed by a computer using any suitable operating system. In any case, selected steps of the method and system of the invention could be described as being performed by a data processor, such as a computing platform for executing a plurality of instructions.
The invention is herein described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings. With specific reference now to the drawings in detail, it is stressed that the particulars shown are by way of example and for purposes of illustrative discussion of the preferred embodiments of the present invention only, and are presented in order to provide what is believed to be the most useful and readily understood description of the principles and conceptual aspects of the invention. In this regard, no attempt is made to show structural details of the invention in more detail than is necessary for a fundamental understanding of the invention, the description taken with the drawings making apparent to those skilled in the art how the several forms of the invention may be embodied in practice.
In the drawings:
The present embodiments comprise an apparatus and a method for providing individual roaming cellular handsets with two handset numbers that can be used simultaneously. The first number is the original number of the cellular handset based on its home network, and allows International calls on the terms and conditions provided to an International Roamer. The second number is based on the local network, and permits calls as if the handset is a local handset. That is to say the local number associates the roaming mobile handset with the visited network.
The roaming network assigns the second, or local, number to a detected roamer. The second number is not known directly to the handset, which continues to identify itself using the first number. A handling unit, at the roaming network, acts as a local home location register for handling local management of the roaming handset using both the second number and the first number. The handset identifies itself using the first number but can be called using the second number at local call rates, if and when the caller is in the local network too of course, and the handling unit matches between the two numbers.
The handling unit is typically part of an intelligent gateway, a feature provided on cellular networks to manage roaming traffic.
The principles and operation of an apparatus and method according to the present invention may be better understood with reference to the drawings and accompanying description.
Before explaining at least one embodiment of the invention in detail, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to the details of construction and the arrangement of the components set forth in the following description or illustrated in the drawings. The invention is capable of other embodiments or of being practiced or carried out in various ways. Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology employed herein is for the purpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting.
Reference is now made to
The current location of any handset, in terms of which VLR (Visitor Location Registry) serves the mobile handset, is provided to and stored at all times in a unit known as the home location register or HLR. Updating the HLR is carried out using a procedure known as location update. When a call is made to a given mobile handset, the number or MSISDN is referred to the HLR, which checks the current location of the handset and then refers the call to the appropriate VLR. The procedure is the same irrespective of whether the VLR pointed to is on the local network or on a roaming network.
In accordance with the present embodiments, as a mobile handset arrives at a roaming network, it is offered a new handset number which is a local number to that network, hereinafter a local roaming number or LRN. The number is provided to the handset by the local network without reference to the home network and allows the user to receive local calls at the roaming network without having to pay International rates. It will be noted that the handset still has to be traced using the location registers, and the HLR of the handset only knows the handset's home number or MSISDN. The local roaming number LRN is not recognized at the home location register HLR. handset Calls that are made to the first number, that is to the original MSISDN are forwarded to the GMSC (Gateway MSC), at the home network (not shown), because the MSISDN maps to the home network. The GMSC queries the HLR in order to obtain the MSRN, the Mobile Subscriber Roaming Number. The HLR knows where the subscriber is located to obtain the serving VLR, namely the VLR at which the roaming handset is currently located. The HLR queries the serving VLR for the MSRN, by using a PRN MAP message (Provide Roaming Number). It then receives the MSRN, and provides it back to the GMSC. The GMSC then forwards the call to the roaming MSC 12 as shown in
In the preferred embodiments the actual roaming handset does not know about its local roaming number, so that any attempt to query the location of the handset by the substitute HLR 15 uses the MSISDN. More specifically, the substitute HLR queries the serving MSC for the MSRN, receives the MSRN, and sends the MSRN back to the GMSC of the visited network, which in turn forwards the call directly to the MSRN, and thus to the roaming handset. Thus the substitute home location register also has to translate the LRN into the MSISDN for the query that is made to the serving MSC. Hence the gateway provides a unit 17 hereinafter the translation register, that works with the substitute home location register, and substitutes the local roaming number for the home number, LRN→MSISDN for inbound queries, and does the reverse for location update messages picked up by monitoring.
The local HLR and translation table are typically, but not essentially, provided as part of intelligent gateway 13, as explained above. The intelligent gateway is a feature often provided at a network to manage roaming calls, as will be explained in greater detail below.
As a result, the roaming handset is accessible via both the local roaming number LRN and the MSISDN or home number simultaneously.
Reference is now made to
Upon receipt of an incoming call which is addressed to the roaming handset using the LRN, the number received by the GMSC of the visited network as an LRN and is sent to the local HLR. At the local HLR the LRN is translated into the home number (MSISDN) of the handset so that the intended handset can be reached in the normal way as explained above.
Reference is now made to
As shown in
The LRN of the present embodiments thus provides roamers with all the benefits of having a local number without the drawbacks of purchasing an additional SIM or a second handset.
Inbound roamers, upon registering in the operator's network, are dynamically allocated a local number or LRN to be associated with the roamer's handset while roaming in the network. Roamers can receive calls both on the original number (MSISDN) and on the new LRN. Calls from the roaming country made to the LRN are free as they are fully national calls.
As explained, when originating calls, the roamer may select the number or caller line identification (CLI) with which the call is to be identified on the recipient's screen. The mobile originated (MO) call can be identified with either the local roaming number itself or with the home CLI (MSISDN). By adding a prefix before the destination number when dialing, the call is identified with the local roaming number. Without the prefix or PBD, all MO calls are identified with the home MSISDN, as would have been the case anyway. The feature of the LRN enables the roamer to present a local presence while roaming.
Referring again to
Specific users may be able to extend reservations of the number beyond this pre-set expiration date via Customer Care.
The way the number reservation feature would work from the point of view of the user would be that he would arrive a second time at a given country within say a year of his previous visit and would automatically receive the same LRN.
It is noted that the handset that is the subject of the LRN is required to remain within the specific cellular network that provided the number, since correct translation of the number is dependent on the translation unit or intelligent gateway of the given network. The service may thus be provided with the Out-Of-Service notification, which warns the roamer if and when he is transferred to another network that he should return to the issuing network if he wishes to continue benefiting from the LRN. There is thus provided an incentive for roaming users to remain with the same service provider. The roaming user may be encouraged to manually select the specific VPMN, using the manual network selection feature of the mobile handset. In this case, the handset remains in the same visited network as long as it can. Roaming users are regarded as particularly valuable customers, and frequent roamers are especially so, and the particular network provider is thus able to retain such valuable customers.
In summary, the LRN allows operators to offer better tariffs and tariff conditions for inbound roamers. They can thus attract and retain inbound roamers. Total control is available over charges for MO calls that use the LRN, so that involvement by the home network, or the need to share revenues with the home network is obviated. The operator is able to encourage more local network traffic since he makes cheap local calls more conveniently available to the roamer and the operator obtains a competitive advantage in the local market, inducing the roaming user to remain with him, and reducing chum.
The LRN service being available at the visited network also benefits the home operators, since the roamer no longer has any need to remove the home network SIM card or dispense with his original mobile handset altogether. Thus the home network still mediates mobile terminated (MT) calls, provides SMS messages, provides GPRS, MMS, VAS, etc, and of course to carry mobile originated MO calls to International and home destinations.
As a result, the service enables roamers to continue to be available on their home MSISDN and to enjoy all their familiar value added services.
Advantages also accrue to the roaming user, and to his local contacts in the roaming country. Thus roaming users save money when calling other roaming subscribers via their local number. A local presence is provided for frequent travelers by enabling them to be reached via a local number that they can print on their stationary. Local contacts can call them for the cost of a local call and these calls are received for no charge in most countries by the roamer. Roamers can make and receive calls via both the home and local numbers as appropriate. The LRN avoids the need to separately purchase, maintain and pay for a local number, and as mentioned the local number can be reserved for the roamer's future visits.
Reference is now made to
MSC Interface
The Local Roaming Number system, as shown in
A generic technical solution takes into account the above-mentioned two alternative ways of integrating the service, referred to below as signaling options. A final delivered solution is preferably adjusted to specific network configurations and parameters including the network size and topology, the traffic volume, the INAP vendor's variant, the CAMEL version—if relevant and the operator's preferences.
The two signaling options are described below.
In particular cases, such as non-IN network environment and/or relatively low inbound roaming traffic, call control is performed using ISUP signaling.
The Intelligent Gateway 20 is connected to the MSC, as in this case, call control does not require connecting the Intelligent Gateway to the network via voice channels. SS7 signaling links are used, but specifically to convey the ISUP signaling. An inter-connection is achieved by utilizing a 'Loop-Around' technique on the MSC. The Loop-Around technique is one in which each individual call utilizes two ports on the MSC. The two ports are connected together (that is the loop) via a cable, to ensure that there is always a voice path between them. The Intelligent gateway uses the ISUP signaling to control the looped-around ports using standard ISUP messages.
Intelligent Network—IN
The Intelligent Gateway 20 controls MO and MT calls delivered to inbound roamers based on the known IN architecture and signaling protocols. The IN solution suits networks that are IN-ready and/or networks that experience relatively high inbound roaming traffic.
Using INAP, call control is performed with a combination of Trigger Detection Points and Event Detection points.
Probe Interface
MAP probe 24 or SS7 Mobility Probe connects the Intelligent Gateway to the operator's international SCCP signaling links in a completely passive mode, meaning it merely listens to and does not alter the signaling. The interface is used to obtain the relevant roamer's information and acts as a triggering point for service activation.
Provisioning Interface
A provisioning interface 32 is preferably provided to enable the operator to configure the behavior of the service. For example, provisioning interface 32 may allow the service provider to set qualification rules for a roamer to be provided with an LRN, or conditions under which the LRN may be used, as will be discussed in greater detail below. The interface 32 also allows the provider to view basic service status parameters.
Prepaid System Interface—Optional
Prepaid interface 28 allows the service to interact with an existing Prepaid system that accommodates users who pay for their handset usage in advance. The service uses this interface to manage accounts, charge calls and balance queries.
It is noted that the prepaid system interface 28 is merely optional. Without the prepaid interface the service can nevertheless be provided with regular roaming charges for MO calls.
Service Initial Stage—Service Activation
Reference is now made to
The roamer announces his presence at the roaming network by sending an update location message to his HLR 30. The HLR responds with a MAP ISD message. The intelligent gateway 20 monitors the traffic, assigns an LRN to the roamer and sends the roaming user an SMS message informing him of the allocation. This is summarized in table 1 below.
The activities carried out at the intelligent gateway include the following activities:
Service Qualification Process
After the Intelligent gateway has detected a Location Update by an inbound roamer, the qualification process needs to decide whether this inbound roamer is entitled or qualified for the service. There is no point, for example, providing the service to someone who it will be difficult to bill afterwards.
The qualification process decides if the roamer is allowed to originate and receive calls on the local number by testing values in the MAP_ISD message.
CAMEL Triggers
Inbound roamers with CAMEL triggers are in many cases prepaid roamers, which means that their charging and billing is done in real-time in their home network (HPMN). The Local Roaming Number service preferably identifies CAMEL enabled roamers and provides visited network operators with three levels of service for those CAMEL subscribers:
1. NO Service—once a CAMEL enabled inbound roamer is detected the service will not allocate a local number and the service will be barred for this roamer.
2. MT Only service—this options enables the operator to offer a limited service for CAMEL enabled inbound roamers and allowing roamers to receive calls and SMS on their local number—this option preserves the attraction of roamers into the network since local callers can call them at local rates, and yet the fact that they cannot be billed is irrelevant.
3. Full Service—MT and MO service preserving the charges for MO calls (with the HPMN or a local prepaid system interface) while providing a complete service. This option requires the integration of an IN service broker to enable the charges to be preserved and transferred to the home network. The broker service may be incorporated into the intelligent gateway.
Barring Supplementary Services Information
Certain users may have barring information. The operator may decide not to provide the service to inbound roamers with MO barring information. The barring of MO calls may indicate that the inbound roamer is a prepaid roamer not allowed to originate calls.
If the operator decides to provide the service to barred inbound roamers, the only way to charge these roamers is by providing them with a local prepaid account. Providing inbound roamers with a local prepaid account and local charges for MO calls is an add-on feature that may be offered to such roaming customers.
Service Announcement SMS
Reference is now made to
The Service Announcement SMS promotes the service to inbound roamers and supplies information about the service. An example of such an announcement is the message shown in
The following capabilities are configurable by the operator:
Out-of-Service Announcement SMS
As mentioned above, the LRN preferably only works when the roamer is within the network that assigned the number and not when he joins one of the competing networks. An Out-of-Service Announcement SMS enables the operator to alert inbound roamers who switch to another network within the same country about the loss of their Local Roaming Number service. The message may notify the roamers as to how to switch back to this visited network.
The following capabilities are configurable by the operator:
Mobile Terminated Call Flow
Reference is now made to
Called Party Notification
When a call is received, the called party (B-Party) may like to know that the caller (A-party) has used the Local Roaming Number to make this call, and not the home MSISDN.
The service offers two methods of dialed number identification for MT calls:
Marking the CLI for incoming calls—with a special indication, such as: "#" or "*" or another special character, so that the called party can tell that the caller has used the Local Roaming Number.
Optional: In-band tone—After "ANSWER", the service plays a special tone to the called party to identify the call as a Local Roaming Number call.—This is the least preferred method as it requires additional resources for playing the tone.
Mobile Terminated Calls—Billing
Telephony services are billed using call data records (CDR). Now, if the LRN service includes free-of-charge MT calls, the CDRs for these calls are not needed. The VPLMN thus preferably filters out such CDRs for mobile terminated calls, MTCDRs so that they are not passed on to the roamer's home network HPLMN.
It is noted that if local MT charges apply in the VPMN, the visited operator preferably provides the service with a local prepaid account. As mentioned above, providing inbound roamers with a local prepaid account is an additional feature in the Local Roaming Number Service.
Mobile Terminated Calls—Optional Use of INAP
The INAP specification, developed and marketed by Nokia of Finland, enables some additional call flows that can improve the service functionality. This usage is additional to all that is explained above.
In INAP the visited network's mobile switching center VMSC arms a trigger for all MT calls (calls to the MSRN), to send an IDP to the Intelligent gateway.
When the IDP reaches the Intelligent gateway, it preferably performs the following:
a. The Intelligent gateway sends a Furnish Charging Information message, indicating that the MT CDR should be treated differently by the customer's billing. The indication enables the operator to filter out these CDRs more easily.
b. The Intelligent gateway sends a Connect message, NOT modifying the called party (MSRN), but deactivating the B Party's call forwarding for this call, using the gsmSupplementaryServiceControl parameter.
Mobile Terminated SMS Flow
Reference is now made to
Mobile Terminated SMS—Billing
No billing issues are raised for Mobile terminated SMS, as short messages are free of charge to the recipient. There is thus no HPMN involvement. It is noted however that if local MT SMS charges apply in the VPMN, the visited operator must provide the service with a local prepaid account. Again, as mentioned, providing inbound roamers with a local prepaid account is an additional feature of the Local Roaming Number™ Service.
Mobile Originated Call Flow
Reference is now made to
Caller Line Identification (CLI) Replacement Mode
Manual CLI Selection
When the service is configured with "Manual CLI Selection" all MO calls are generated with the Home MSISDN to appear on the called party's screen unless the roamer adds a predefined prefix before the dialed number. Adding such a prefix replaces the original CLI with the new local roaming number. The prefix may be added by being explicitly dialed, by pressing in response to an on-screen prompt or in any other way.
Automatic CLI Selection
In an automatic CLI selection embodiment, the CLI selection is done automatically according to the call's destination. All calls to local destinations preferably carry the local roaming number, while calls to international destination preferably carry the home MSISDN as their CLI.
Such an option may be combined with a prefix dialing which overrides the automatic selection and forces CLI replacement for the following call regardless of the destination.
Mobile Originated Calls—with Home MSISDN
Mobile Originated calls from the Home MSISDN have a regular MO call flow with no changes. The call is first handled by the serving MSC and is then routed by the dialed number. In the automatic CLI selection embodiment all Mobile-Originated calls generated by inbound roamers are preferably handled by the Intelligent Gateway and the Local Roaming Number service.
Mobile Originated Calls—with Local Roaming Number
With reference to
The Intelligent gateway checks the service qualification for the caller. If qualified, then the Intelligent gateway removes the prefix. The prefix can be removed by the serving MSC before handing the call, and the effect is to change the CLI to the Local Roaming Number. The call is sent back to the original destination, only now with the modified CLI. The MSC sends the call to the destination based on the dialed number and without the prefix, which has now served its purpose and is thus redundant.
Mobile Originated Calls—Billing
The local roaming number service is designed to interference with standard billing and charging processes. For those Mobile Originated calls with home MSISDN without any prefix no changes are required to the billing process. However, for MO calls based on the local roaming number, irrespective of whether they are with prefix or automatic, the preferred embodiments offer two mutually exclusive billing methods.
In one variation, the serving MSC generates CDRs in the regular way and provides one of the following two options:
Removal of the service prefix before generating the CDR
When using an Intelligent network (IN), the Intelligent gateway can send IN_FurnishChargingInformation to mark the CDR for later CDR processing.
In the alternative billing method, the Intelligent gateway generates CDRs for MO calls to be transferred to the billing GW for processing at a later time.
Mobile Originated SMS—Using Map Relay
Reference is now made to
As shown in
The Intelligent gateway acts as the HLR for all MSISDNs allocated for Local Roaming Number service. The SMSC sends a MAP_SRI_SM signal to the Intelligent gateway which may relay the query to the actual HLR to locate the called or B-Party.
The SMSC charges the caller or A-Party for the SMS being sent from the local account, and the SMSC sends the SMS to its destination via MAP_FSM to the GMSC.
Mobile Originated SMS—Using in Triggers
Reference is now made to
An inbound roamer originates an SMS towards the home SMSC with a prefixed dialed number, which may be to a local or international destination as desired.
The serving MSC has a CAP Phase 3 trigger for MO-SMS. The CAP triggers are preferably inserted offline and this point is discussed in more detail hereinbelow.
The MSC sends an Initial DP SMS (IDP) message to the Intelligent gateway or gates acting as an SCP. The Intelligent gateway send a Connect SMS message back, removing the prefix from the destination Address and modifying the Calling Number to that of the local LRN number of the user.
In addition, the Intelligent gateway modifies the SMSC Address, to route this SMS to the local SMSC.
The MSC forwards the SMS to the local SMSC for further handling.
The Intelligent gateway acts as the HLR for all MSISDNs allocated for Local Roaming Number service. The SMSC sends the MAP_SRI_SM to the Intelligent gateway which may relay the query to the actual HLR to locate the called or B-Party
The SMSC charges the caller or A-Party for the SMS since it was sent from the local account.
The SMSC sends the SMS to its destination via MAP_FSM to the GMSC.
Mobile Terminated MMS Flow
The Mobile Terminated MMS flow is identical to the Mobile Terminated SMS flow above, since the MT MMS is delivered as a binary SMS to the called or B-Party. Therefore the MMS flow is not discussed separately.
Mobile Originated SMS with INAP—Billing
Using the above method the inbound roamer is charged normally for originating an SMS while roaming, without the need for a local prepaid account, or any need to change any roaming agreements or to coordinate with the caller or A-party's home network.
Number Allocation Logic
Local Roaming Number Usage
Network management requires monitoring, capacity allocation and prediction. The system preferably defines logic states, say time thresholds, based on individual roamer's usage figures. The usage figures may typically be calculated as average calls (both MO and MT) per visit-day.
If a certain local number is not used at all, then both reservation and cooling period values are 0 (zero) and the number is immediately returned to the pool.
The calculation of a usage upper value is based on the following formula:
The individual user can be assigned a category (the above logic state) according to his usage level, for example as per table 7 below.
Local Roaming Number Lifecycle
Reference is now made to
A roamer who has used the local roaming number is entitled to longer reservation and cooling periods than a roamer who has not used the number at all.
As the allocation of local numbers is dynamic, the system may encounter low availability of local roaming numbers for allocation. In this case a handling procedure is preferably entered into.
Reference is now made to
A yellow alarm is triggered at 80% allocation of the numbers reserved for local roaming.
A red alarm is triggered at 100% allocation of the numbers, and in the red state, the system begins to reuse numbers in the cooling period from the oldest to the newest.
After all numbers in the cooling period have been reused, no new numbers are allocated or assigned to arriving inbound roamers.
Arriving inbound roamers are queued for available numbers, and each number returning to the pool is immediately assigned to the first roamer in the queue.
Visit Period
For the purpose of the usage and cooling period calculations, the visit period is calculated from the first update location monitored within the visited network until expiration of "day after end-of-visit" parameter, as explained below.
Reservation Period
The number reservation period is preferably calculated from the "end-of-visit" until the defined period of time (in days) for the roamer's type, as explained below.
Cooling Period
The cooling period is calculated from the end of the reservation period until the defined period of time (in days) for the roamer's type.
Required Number of Local Roaming Numbers
It will be appreciated from the above that a reasonable quantity of numbers needs to be set aside for a roaming local number service to succeed. In the following is explained a method for calculating the required amount of local roaming numbers in a network as a function of the number of inbound roamers.
Number of local roaming numbers for first visit periods:
Number of allocated local roaming numbers for reservation and cooling periods:
Total required Local Roaming Numbers:
The following is a simplified example for the calculation of maximum allocation, wherein all of the roamers are platinum roamers as per table 7:
Procedure for an End of Reservation Notification
At the end of the reservation period, the system preferably sends an automated notification to a former inbound roamer notifying about the reservation period expiration. The message may include instructions to call Customer Care and extend the reservation period or instructions for self provisioning of the reservation period.
MT Calls—when Roamer not Connected to Network
This section focuses on the service when an inbound roamer is not connected to the visited network. At this point the allocated number is placed in the Reservation Period category. The various options outlined below enhance both the caller experience and the service to the inbound roamers when the roamers are absent.
Release Call—Status of Local Roaming Number
The network may provide the caller with an accurate notification about the status of the roamer with the Local Roaming Number. If the network fails to page the roamer the following applies:
Missed Call Notification SMS
In a preferred embodiment, the service preferably sends an SMS with the missed call details to the home MSISDN. The message includes the caller identification, if such is provided by the network, and the call time stamp.
The missed call notification feature can benefit the HPMN by generating international traffic from the now former at his home or another roaming network, back to the caller.
Divert Calls to Home MSISDN
In a preferred embodiment the system enables inbound roamers to continue to receive calls on both MSISDNs, even if they are not connected to the VPMN. With this option, the inbound roamer is charged for the forwarded leg. Charging can be done using the standard methods known in the art including:
Out-of-Serving Notification
When an inbound roamer with an active Local Roaming Number has left the visited network that assigned the number to roam in a competitor's network in the same country, the service can be configured to send an "Out-of-service" notification SMS. The SMS notifies the roamer that the Local Roaming Number is not available anymore. The notification preferably directs or encourages the roamer to manually select the correct network so that the local roaming number remains in use.
Local Roaming Number Recovery
A function may be provided to retrieve the last roaming number for a roamer.
The response to the function preferably returns the following details:
Reservation Period Query
A function may be provided to retrieve the number of days until the end of the reservation period by the roamer's Home MSISDN or Local Roaming Number. The function preferably also returns the number of days in the cooling period for the roamer. Both values—reservation and cooling—are based on the roamer's type.
Reservation Period Extension
A function is preferably provided to enable customer care representatives to extend the reservation period for a roamer.
The extension values are provided in days. A (−1) value represents an unlimited extension and this is effectively a permanent allocation of a Local Roaming Number to an inbound roamer.
Exclusion of Roamer from Service
An inbound roamer may contact Customer Care and ask to be excluded from the service permanently or for the current visit
View List of Roamers Excluded from Service
A function may be provided to return a list of all the excluded-by-request roamers.
Renew Local Roaming Number for Roamer
A renewal function may be provided to allocate a new local roaming number for a roamer through the home MSISDN
This function can be used after a roamer has requested to be excluded from the service, thereby having the affect of removing the roamer from the excluded list.
This function can be used when the roamer requests the current local roaming number be replaced. The previous local roaming number, if used, starts a "Cooling period" before being returned to the available pool. If the previous local roaming number was not used, then it can be returned to the available local roaming number pool immediately.
Local Roaming Number Recovery
Local roaming number recovery is a function that enables inbound roamers to recover the last local roaming number allocated for their own home MSISDN.
Reservation Period Query
A reservation period function may be provided which enables inbound roamers to query how many days are left for their reservation period. Preferably the function allows roamers to query their reservation period from any network, and not just the VPMN that has provided them with the local roaming number.
Self Provisioning User Interface
In one embodiment a self provisioning user interface is provided which may allow the possibility of the roamer carrying out self-provisioning for the service without the need to contact the local Customer Care representatives.
The interface may be a WAP or Web based interface for self provisioning that will allow roamers to customize their own settings.
Authentication is provided via username (home MSISDN) and password login.
The password is provided, on-the-fly, via SMS to the home MSISDN. In an embodiment, SMS and USSD interfaces may be provided to the self provisioning interface to address market segments where these access methods are deemed more acceptable.
External Systems Provisioning Interface
In one embodiment, a Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) based interface is provided. The SOAP interface allows connectivity of the service to existing CRM systems and other provisioning systems.
Billing Processes
The following discusses in greater detail the billing and CDR aspects of providing a local roaming number. In the case of local roaming, the user generally carries out the entire call transaction without reference to his home network. Thus billing aspects need to be sorted out independently of the home network, even though the user is billed through his home user account in most cases.
Billing—when Serving MSC Generates CDRs
If billing is carried out using the regular CDRs generated by the service MSC, the Intelligent gateway can add additional information to the CDRs by using Furnish Charging Information. This applies to INAP/CAP operation, in which INAP is used for Call control.
Billing—when Intelligent Gateway Generates CDRs
When the Intelligent gateway generates the CDRs locally, it sends them periodically to a specified location for further processing by the operator.
Communities Configuration
HPMN Blacklist
A blacklist of HPMNs to whose respective outbound roamers the service will not be available may be integrated into the system. Roamers from these networks will only be able to receive the service, if they have specifically requested to opt-in via Customer Care.
CAMEL Roamers
A configuration for CAMEL-based roamers may be set as an automatic community built from inbound roamers with CAMEL subscription records in their MAP_ISD message
MO-Barred Roamers
An automatic community may be set up from inbound roamers with a barring supplementary Services activated record in their MAP_ISD message
IMSI List
A list may be set up which is comprised of a community of subscribers within a specified IMSI list. The list may also include wildcards and ranges
MSISDN List
A community of subscribers may be set up for numbers within a specified MSISDN list. The list may also include wildcards and ranges.
Local Prepaid Account
In a number of embodiments described above, the possibility was mentioned of using a local prepaid account for the service. This is now discussed in greater detail. The local prepaid account is provided for charging inbound roamers directly at the visited network.
When a roamer registers onto the VPMN, as illustrated in
Charging may be carried out using any of the following options. First of all there is an option to charge all mobile-originated and mobile terminated calls via the local prepaid system. This option is suited to inbound non-CAMEL prepaid roamers with barring enabled for MO calls.
A second option enables distinct charging per roamer's request or CLI replacement. That is to say, whenever the CLI for MO calls and SMS is changed to the Local Roaming Number, whether manually or automatically, charging for the calls is carried out via the local prepaid account.
As a further option, whenever the roamer calls local destinations, charging is via the local prepaid account regardless of the CLI replacement. For International destinations charging is via the home network.
Mobile Terminated Calls
The visited network operator may decide to provide the service by charging inbound roamers for mobile-terminated calls. In this case, all mobile-terminated calls to the local roaming number are charged via the local prepaid account. In many cases, Mobile-Terminated calls are provided free of charge when within the visited network.
Mobile Originated Calls
The flow for Mobile-Originated calls is affected by the CLI mode and the local prepaid account configuration for charging mobile originated traffic.
The service can also be configured and provided for MO calls with local prepaid charging if the balance is positive and charged with regular roaming charges when the local prepaid account is empty.
Mobile Terminated SMS
The recommended charging method is to allow receiving MT SMS free of charge in the network. Nevertheless, the LRN service can still trigger the local prepaid account for each MT SMS and charge the roamer.
Mobile Originated SMS—Using Map Relay
Reference is now made to
It is expected that during the life of this patent many relevant devices and systems will be developed and the scope of the terms herein, is intended to include all such new technologies a priori.
It is appreciated that certain features of the invention, which are, for clarity, described in the context of separate embodiments, may also be provided in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features of the invention, which are, for brevity, described in the context of a single embodiment, may also be provided separately or in any suitable subcombination.
Although the invention has been described in conjunction with specific embodiments thereof, it is evident that many alternatives, modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, it is intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variations that fall within the spirit and broad scope of the appended claims. All publications, patents, and patent applications mentioned in this specification are herein incorporated in their entirety by reference into the specification, to the same extent as if each individual publication, patent or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated herein by reference. In addition, citation or identification of any reference in this application shall not be construed as an admission that such reference is available as prior art to the present invention.
Patent Citations
Referenced by
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text:
- Professor Abhijit Banerjee, Economist: Current Ford Foundation International Professor of Economics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; co-author of Poor Economics: A Radical Rethinking of the Way to Fight Global Poverty, winner of the 2011 FT/Goldman Sachs Business Book of the Year Award .
- John Bowis, OBE, Honorary President, Health First Europe: Former UK Health Minister, former member of the UK Parliament, former member of the European Parliament and Lead Coordinator & Spokesman for the Environment & Health Parliamentary Committee.
- Sir Terry Farrell, CBE, International Architect & Design Champion and Director, Terry Farrell and Partners: Leading architect, currently on the London Mayor's Design Advisory Panel and Outer London Commission, author of many books including Shaping London.
- Edwin Heathcote, Architecture and Design Critic, Financial Times (co-chair): Architect, designer and FT critic since 1999; author of several books, including Monument Builders: Modern Architecture and Death.
- Bruno Lanvin, Executive Director, European Competitiveness Initiative, INSEAD (co-chair): Leading the work of INSEAD on global indices, including the Global Innovation Index (GII), which ranks 142 countries according to their abilities to drive innovation. He is also heading a new project on global talent competition, which will include a comparison of the performance of cities in this regard.
- Janice Muthui, Foundation Manager, Community Cooker Foundation, 2012 FT/Citi Ingenuity Awards global winner: The Kenyan not-for-profit organization was selected as the global winner of the inaugural awards in 2012 for developing an innovative and practical waste-burning stove, which holds tremendous potential for environmental, economic and social change in low resource environments.
- Professor Carlo Ratti, Italian Architect and Engineer: Founding Partner of design practice 'carlorattiassociati' and Director of the MIT SENSEable City Laboratory at Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
- Professor Anne-Marie Slaughter, President, New America Foundation: Former Director of Policy Planning for the United States Department of State and former Dean of Princeton's Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs.
- Luanne Zurlo, Founder and President, Worldfund: Former Wall Street securities analyst (Smith Barney, CSFB and Goldman Sachs) and founder of Worldfund, a non-profit using education to fight poverty in Latin America.
Financial Times And Citi Announce Judging Panel For The 2013 FT/Citi Ingenuity Awards
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Work Set to Resume On London's Energy Efficient "Cheese Grater" Building
The 50-story tower opposite Lloyd's of London will rise to 224.5 m (802 ft) in the shape of a leaning ladder. Construction has only barely begun and the building is already being referred to as the "Cheese Grater" due to the obvious grater-like shape. A significant amount of engineering has gone into the design, which includes a structural steel megaframe and a core structure on the north that supports the floors and holds utilities and services.The base of the tower is inverted to create a large, shaded public plaza complete with shops and restaurants.
The lean-to tower enjoys a sunny southern aspect, an amenity that is exploited for passive solar heating as well as daylighting. At the same time, the envelope has been designed to control the amount of sun entering the building so as to not overheat the interior and avoid glare. The high-performance facade features an internal layer of double-glazing, which forms a cavity incorporated into the structural frame. Vents incorporated into the glazing system allow outside air to enter and discharge from the cavity. Additionally, blinds in the cavity automatically adjust to limit unwanted solar gain and glare.
+ Rogers Stirk Harbour and Partners
Via Archrecord
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text:
Friday, 15 Jul 2011 05:27 PM
WASHINGTON (AP) — You might say President Barack Obama cut himself some extra margin of error Friday when he claimed 80 percent of Americans want the debt crisis solved with a mix of tax increases and spending cuts.
Polling does suggest, as Obama said, that Americans overall and even Republican voters are open to higher taxes as part of the solution. But claiming support from 8 in 10 people was a reach.
A look at his statements about polling and how they compare with the actual findings:
OBAMA: "You have 80 percent of the American people who support a balanced approach. Eighty percent of the American people support an approach that includes revenues and includes cuts. So the notion that somehow the American people aren't sold is not the problem."
THE POLLS: A Gallup poll, cited by the White House as the main basis for Obama's statement, actually found that 69 percent supported tackling the deficit with a mix of spending cuts and tax increases. An additional 4 percent favored tax increases only — a group that does not endorse Obama's "balanced" approach but could reasonably be counted on his side. That brings his support to 73 percent at most in that poll.
Obama can get closer to 80 percent, but only by counting those who don't belong in that group: people who declined to give an opinion or volunteered an idea of their own to reduce deficits.
Overall, the poll found Americans favor spending cuts much more than tax increases, while supporting a mix of both.
The polling, with a margin of error of plus or minus 4 percentage points, was conducted July 7-10.
Similarly, in a Quinnipiac poll this week, 67 percent favored raising taxes on the wealthy and corporations as part of the debt-control effort while 25 percent said that should be done with spending cuts only.
OBAMA: "The clear majority of Republican voters think that any deficit reduction package should have a balanced approach and should include some revenues."
THE POLLING: The Gallup poll indeed found majority Republican support for a mix of spending cuts and higher taxes. Other polls have not.
In the Gallup poll, 41 percent of Republicans supported a package of mostly spending cuts — meaning some tax increases — and 24 percent favored an equal share of higher tax revenue and lower federal spending. Counting the few who wanted tax increases to be the main driver of deficit reduction, 67 percent of Republicans favored a mixed approach. The poll surveyed adults generally and was not limited to voters, as Obama suggested.
In contrast, 48 percent of Republicans in the Quinnipiac poll — which was limited to registered voters — said the problem should be tackled with spending cuts only and just 43 percent said to include some tax increases, too.
© Copyright 2015 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
Friday, 04 Jan 2013 13:06 PM
Tens of thousands of Fatah supporters rallied in the Hamas stronghold of Gaza on Friday for the first time since they we . . .
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text:
Relationships Between Poe's Imagery and His View of the Universe
Painting, Richard
MetadataShow full item record
SubjectPoe, Edgar Allan,1809-1849--Poetry--Criticism and interpretation; Poe, Edgar Allan,1809-1849--Prose--Criticism and interpretation
Poe's images in both his prose and his poetry are closely related to his concept of the universe and man's position in it. The images suggest many of the ideas Poe presents in Eureka. Much of the preparation for this thesis was involved with a careful reading of Poe's work. His critical writing, especially Eureka, was studied in an attempt to make some basic observations about his philosophy. His prose and poetry were then viewed in light of his basic philosophical assumptions. Conclusions were then drawn regarding the appropriateness of Poe's images for his central themes. Secondary sources were consulted either to expand or substantiate some of the arguments of the thesis. Poe describes the universe in terms of repulsion and attraction, forces that work on both the physical and the spiritual dimensions. Repulsion has caused a moving away from unity; consequently, Poe's images reflect the superiority of the past and the inferiority of man's present condition. However, the attractive force sends all in the direction of unity and, therefore, is associated with positive images. In addition, Poe's images suggest man's quest for spiritual understanding and his attempt to reconcile the demands of his body with the demands of his soul.
55 leaves.
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Milton's Emerging View of Fame and the Heroic Life Moosreiner, Mari (Drake University, 1977-03)By the writing of Paradise Lost, Paradise Regained, and Samson Agonistes, Milton clearly defines fame in Christian terms. His method is generally parodic; he throws into relief true fame by parodying its false varieties. ...
Negative Capability in the Characters of Keats' Magor Poetry Sudol, David (Drake University, 1973-06)The intention of this thesis is to prove that "negative capability" exists within the characters of Keats' major poetry. But a problem arises in defining "negative capability." In the introductory chapter the term is ...


text:
No the wikky kind of scratch. An abrupt scratch that is created by the needle being carelessly moved across the record.
luffy, thanks for the sound, it was PERFECT! You were properly credited in the description, and should you be interested, I used it in this video: http://youtu.be/sBRfoSU-9BQ
Yes! Brilliant! Thanks a lot!
I will use it in my movie!
I turned up the volume and let it play in class. To hear it, of course. It's great.
Quintessential. Used it here: http://youtu.be/65Ot6SrUIkI
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text:
i got the same problem
I just like it particularly cuz each track is good. I can pick out a number of standouts, and each one that isnt is still enjoyable in its own right. There's really not a bad song on here.
Album Rating: 4.0worst album since sad songs
Album Rating: 4.1i definitely still like this album but the latter half of it has yet to click, and so far it really isn't touching the other three big ones
"worst album since sad songs" isnt saying much at all
Album Rating: 4.5"worst" makes that seem like a bad thing
Album Rating: 4.5they always nail album openers. loved the use of acoustic guitar here.
Album Rating: 4.1first 5 songs are alskdgkgha eawesome
Album Rating: 4.0Fake Empire is probably my favorite opene
Album Rating: 4.1fake empire > secret meeting > terrible love = i should live in salt
Album Rating: 4.5does anyone even cardinal song?
Album Rating: 4.0honestly, slipped is underated
underrated? its on like everybody's top 5
Album Rating: 4.0i know lots of people who hate it
Album Rating: 4.1psure slipped is at the bottom of both of the twfu ranked lists on here kekeke
Album Rating: 4.5slipped is top tier national.
Album Rating: 4.5 | Sound Offagreed
Album Rating: 4.5all national is top tier national nigga
Album Rating: 4.5 | Sound Offif this drops below 4, I'm leaving.
humiliation probs
Bands: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z


text:
Originally written on Lombardi Ave | Last updated 10/16/11
Al Harris always came ready to play when he manned the corner for the Packers. Raymond T. Rivard photograph Al Harris, Brady Poppinga and Josh Gordy will all get the man hugs, fist bumps, high fives and smiles from their former Green Bay Packers teammates today prior to the Packers and St. Louis Rams, but after that it's time to play ball.Harris, the most popular of the former three Packers, will probably get the most welcomed greeting from Packers fans, but Poppinga also had several successful years with the team. Both won Super Bowl rings with the team last year."I spent eight years there," Harris to the the St. Louis Post-Dispatch earlier this week. "Had a great time. A lot of snaps. But today is today, and we've got to prepare like that."Harris gets a shot at his old team today, as will Poppinga, who is a starting linebacker for the Rams. Harris gets on the field because of devastating injuries in the Rams' defensive backfield. Harris was cut in the middle of last season after c...
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text:
I bet Tony Abbott is pissed off he didn't think of this
Tony Abbott is going to be seriously annoyed with David Cameron.
Cameron has come up with a really good idea for dealing with illegal immigrants.
Foreign workers will have their wages seized by police and face deportation without appeal if they are in the UK illegally, David Cameron will announce today as part of a "radical" crackdown on immigration.
The Prime Minister will vow to make the UK a "less attractive place to come and work" by using next week's Queen's Speech to announce a series of laws to "root out illegal immigrants and bolster deportations".
Mr Cameron will also unveil plans to make it a criminal offence for businesses to recruit abroad without advertising in the UK first.
He will give councils powers to evict migrants and force all banks to check bank accounts against databases of people who could be in the country illegally.


text:
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text:
Slam City Skates
Slam City Skates sell a wide range of skateboards as well as some snowboards in the winter. They also sell related clothing and accessories and provide a delivery service.
Venue Details & Map
Slam City Skates
- Address
16 Neal's YardCovent GardenLondonWC2H 9DP
- Telephone:
- +44 (0)20 7240 0928
- Public transport:
- Covent Garden, Underground
Ach ja, das Slam City... versteckt in einer engen Gasse in Covent Garden und vollgestopft mit T-Shirts, Schuhen (in Kartons) und so weiter, auf zwei Etagen. Der inzwischen letzte Nike SB Account in London und auch mit einem Onlineshop ausgestattet. Der Bereich hinter dem Kassentresen ist mit Paketen vollgestopft - offenbar ist das Ladengeschäft auch das Lager für den Onlineshop.
Vor ein...more
I got a chance to visit the famed Slam City Skates on my visit to London, and they did not disappoint. Their selection was solid, but nothing that I couldn't get in the US except... for their own branded items, which I had to pick up. I got a hoodie (jumper), t-shirt, and a snap-back cap. The staff was all really friendly, and even took a photo for me outside the shop (had to, I was a tourist)more
Slam City.. Slam City..
It's a great place to find some SB's since they do have a SB account.. But.. it's a little bit overpriced for their products but hey, if your a sneaker head like I am.. i'd rather get it here than wait in the mail for them. But if i really wanted a deck, i'll wait and pick one up online.. it's much much cheaper.
But as far as service goes, these guys deserve a 4 star!...more
Slam City is a bastion of London's skateboard scene, and has been so for as long as I can remember.
It used to share premises with Rough Trade's central London joint, but said musical establishment has upped sticks and moved to its new location in Shoreditch.
Although this is pretty much the best skate shop in London, stocking a nigh on limitless range of shoes, boards and clothing, I think...more


text:
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You can now invite anyone to meet at your favorite Starbucks.
Limited-time feature
46 year old woman | Greenacres, FL, USA | Seeking men 35-46 within 50 miles
Tall, Sweet and handsome, is that you?
Hi there, There is nothing in my life that I don't give my all to. I work hard and absolutely love my job, I play hard and love being outside and riding bikes, walking the beach or hiking a trail. Family and friends are super important to me and I am blessed to have so many wonderful people in my life. I love passionately and give 100% to my relationships and am looking for the same in a partner. I am a dedicated Mom to a beautiful little boy and he is just my sunshine. It is important to me that the person in my life plays an active part in my son's life too. He needs to be a positive role model. Not a father, he has one of those, but another male in his life that he can look up to and who can provide love and guidance. I hope to find someone to encourage and inspire me, someone with a big heart who loves children and treats each day as the gift that it is. Someone who can hang out with me and sing at the top of his lungs at a concert or get totally taken in by a Broadway show. I am a diverse person and I am looking for a person who doesn't have "a" type but who has many types. Ultimately, I am looking for a someone to hold both my hand and eventually my heart at some point. If you think that might be you, please send a note. If not, good luck in your search for the perfect one for you :)
Cooking , Dining out , Gardening/Landscaping , Hobbies and crafts , Museums and art , Music and concerts , Exploring new areas , Shopping/Antiques , Travel/Sightseeing , Volunteering , Wine tasting
Auto racing / Motorcross, Dancing, Football, Other types of exercise, Soccer, Walking / Hiking
I exercise 3-4 times per week.
Middle of the Road
I love to be at place on the water with live music. There is nothing better than spending the night out under the stars listening to great music with great company. I love to travel and have fallen in love with Europe. I cannot wait to go back.
Sacred Heart University, Fairfield, CT
Rainy Sundays, snuggling with my beautiful little boy, the change of the seasons (obviously not here in S. Florida), good wine, good food, warm fuzzies. New England Patriots football, church on Sundays, visiting new places.
Spending time with my adorable little boy, riding on the back of a Harley, feeling the sand between my toes, laughing until I can't breathe, hanging out with my girls - some of the best friends a girl could ask for
Someone to Love, Afer Wife
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
|What she is looking for
|5'7" (170cms)
|5'10" (177cms) to 6'4" (193cms)
|Body type:
|About average
|Slender, About average, Athletic and toned
|Black, Blue, Brown, Grey, Green, Hazel
|Dark brown
|Auburn / Red, Black, Light brown, Dark brown, Blonde, Salt and pepper, Silver, Dark blonde, Grey, Platinum, Bald
|No Way
|No Way
|Social Drinker
|Travel / Hospitality / Transportation
|No preference
By day the social director for a 55 community and have my own business as a wedding coordinator
|$35,001 to $50,000
|$35,001 to $50,000, $50,001 to $75,000
|No preference
|Have kids:
|Yes, and they sometimes live at home (1)
|Yes, and they sometimes live at home, Yes, and they live away from home, Yes, and they live at home
|Wants kids:
|I'll tell you later
|Someday, Not sure, Probably not, No, but it's OK if my partner has kids
|White / Caucasian
|Latino / Hispanic, White / Caucasian
|Christian / Other
|Christian / Catholic, Christian / Protestant, Jewish, Spiritual but not religious, Christian / Other
I attend a non denominationall church and truly enjoy the time I spend there.
|English, French
|Bachelors degree
|Bachelors degree
I have a Associates in Marketing and a Bachelor's in International Business


text:
World Premiere/Advance screening discussions [SPOILERS GUARANTEED]
View Single Post
May 1 2009, 09:42 PM
Lieutenant Commander
Location: Furiously shuttling between the Prime and Alternate Universes...
Re: World Premiere/Advance screening discussions [SPOILERS GUARANTEED]
Donald Draper wrote:
Kruge wrote:
the Botany Bay was launched in 1996, and since Nero alters the timeline in the 23rd century, then presumably yes, its still drifting in space....
The general rule of thumb seems to be that which took place before Nero's intervention is the same, everything after is either altered or will no longer take place
I'll show myself out....
What is the likelihood that they are going to show the Botany Bay on the big screen looking exactly like it did in "Space Seed"? Or that Khan's backstory will be tied to 1990's Eugenics Wars?
The temptation, and probable need, to contemporize those details is going to mess with a single point of diverence theory.
WOw this is like the only time I've actually learned something USEFUL from Voyager!! Imagine that!
Remember the episode (or maybe you don't because you never watched Voyager, you lucky person you!) when Voyager's crew travels back to 1996, meets Sarah Silverman, and we see no evidence of the Eugenics Wars having taken place?
Apparently, according to the book I have here by Greg Cox, called
Star Trek: The Eugenics Wars
, that's because the Eugenics Wars were more of a behind-the-scenes, secret agent, shadow government type conflict that the public was largely unaware of...various real-life events are tied in to Khan's meddling in world affairs, with the general population largely oblivious to the truth behind the conspiracy!
And that's how they managed to turn one of Roddenberry's boners (ha ha I said it) into something WAAAAY more convoluted but nevertheless somewhat more believable...I think....
That all being said, I truly hope that they don't revist Khan and his supermen...it was boring in
Space Seed
, it worked surpisingly well in
, and it was really stupid on
...Call me hypocritical, but while it was necessary to recruit younger actors to play the leads, it would be definitley a stretch to re-cast Khan...
Plus, if Spock Prime is still puttering around the nuTrek universe at the conclusion of
Star Trek
, then he could easily tell young Spock and Kirk the best way to defeat Khan....DONT FREAKING WAKE HIM UP IF YOU FIND HIM!!!
If you eliminate the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable, must be the truth.
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Tom Hiddleston: Loki Redux - Part 1
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Probationary Ban - I will return in a few days.
Join Date: Jan 2011
Location: Outside of the spotlight surrounded in shadows.
Posts: 9,515
Re: Tom Hiddleston: Loki Redux - Part 1
You know, I was just thinking of this, and I wager that Tom Hiddleston would be game, but wouldn't it be neat if Loki made an appearance on the S.H.I.E.L.D. TV series, you know, just to see how things are going for Nick Fury's team out of curiosity and maybe stir up a little trouble. Maybe they can even have Loki turn a street into Ice Cream like Tom has wanted to do, maybe show that Loki isn't all evil by doing this act of magic for a kid being bullied or something. I do think you can get away with that level of silliness on T.V. more than in a movie.
Originally Posted by
I'm aware, but I thought she was saying point blank, that since Loki has been evil enough, that he will become good in this movie, not for selfish twisting needs, but for the sake of just being good again and to redeem himself with his family, and be good. i thought THATS what she was saying. And I was saying that, that's not who loki is. at the end of the day, loki does what loki wants for his own plans and benefits, regardless of who it affects. he tricked thor into killing his grandfather for heaven's sake lol
I think that reaction, to want Loki to be good, is wholly from the fangirls who hate seeing him doing terrible things and just want him to be the nice guy. I can understand where that emotion is coming from because it's like they want to fix the bad boy and turn him good again. It's a natural female response, especially with MCU Loki and the crushes a million girls have on him. I bet you there are a myriad of fanfictions somewhere that have the writers fixing Loki but I digress. But realistically as a character Loki is plotwise to the series unfixable to a large degree. I understand where your frustration comes from because in the comics he is incorrigible and will do things that only benefit his own ambitions, hence why I posted what I posted.
P.S. Oh, and here's something that I don't get, why is everyone who comes in contact with him in person, via his Twitter or otherwise, *ahem* Tumblr *ahem* so possessive of Tom Hiddleston like he's their exclusive privately owned property?
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General Dentistry
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By David Schuh | Men's basketball columnist
On Sunday, UK head coach John Calipari did something he's never done before — he started five freshmen in a game for the first time in a major college program since the University of Michigan in 1991.
That Michigan team 22 years ago has served as the benchmark for all recruiting classes in college basketball. The Wolverines' 1991 class, led by four McDonald's All-Americans, burst onto the scene and changed the game forever.
They ultimately lost back-to-back national championship games, but Jalen Rose, Chris Webber and Juwan Howard went on to have successful NBA careers.
Last week, Rose, now an ESPN analyst, was asked to compare UK's current freshman class to his 1991-92 squad.
"Are five freshmen going to start?" Rose asked. "If you start two, three or four, that's where the comparison ends."
On Tuesday, Calipari started five freshmen again in the Cats' 105-76 win over the University of Texas at Arlington.
Coincidence? Maybe.
Calipari gave his reasons for inserting freshman forward Marcus Lee into the starting lineup. While none of them included the comments of a 40-year-old NBA veteran, it does create an interesting argument about the context of the Cats' roster this season.
In some ways, UK looks similar to the "Fab Five" of Michigan in size and skill level. But Calipari has a luxury that former Wolverine head coach Steve Fischer didn't — depth.
Calipari said throughout the offseason that a seven-man rotation would work best, while other players could break into the lineup if they proved themselves in practice.
The funny thing is, he has run into a "problem." Too many guys are proving themselves in practice.
In wins over Robert Morris and UT-Arlington, he has used a nine-man rotation, giving increased playing time to Lee and fellow freshman guard Dominique Hawkins.
Those nine guys are averaging at least 10 minutes per game. Six average 19 or more. The "Fab Five" had four guys averaging at least 19 minutes per game. Once Fischer set his freshman lineup, he found a formula that worked.
It appears now that Calipari is forcing himself to look past his preconceived hesitations of unleashing his bench. With nine athletic, quality players, you can outrun teams in lesser shape and tailor your lineup to the opponent and the situation.
The 2013-14 Cats are different than those Wolverines and are probably better from a depth of talent standpoint.
Whatever the real reason was for starting five freshmen this week, Calipari may have realized how useful his depth can be moving forward.
And when he truly harnesses the resources sitting next to him on the bench, he'll have an argument that not even Jalen Rose can refute.


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A proposal by Iraq's finance minister to reduce the enormous fuel and food subsidies that consume roughly a third of the government's budget and largely crush economic growth has been rejected by the cabinet after a recent similar move in Yemen set off fatal riots there. (NY Times)
What's Wrong With Throwing Out People Who Incite Violence?
So Tony Blair is a Nazi. Or worse, he is a petty dictator who wants to scrap all the liberties and laws the Brits have accrued over the centuries. Why is the man who just won a national election being called such names? Well, he simply said, "enough is enough." It is high time he said it and acted on it. (Arab News)
No End in Sight in Iraq
We're stuck in a murderous quagmire without even the suggestion of an end in sight. (NY Times)
What Mideast Reform Will Require
As Monday's deadline approaches for drafting the constitution for the new government of Iraq, more than the future of that war-torn country is at stake. (Washington Post)
If Cindy and Akbar Could Meet
The US mother who lost a son in Iraq and a jailed pro-democracy Iranian dissident might find a common ground. (CS Monitor)
Doublespeak on Nuke Power
The only thing certain about the confrontation from here on is that there is going to be a lot of hypocrisy and doublespeak from all participants. This therefore is the moment to grab some basics to help cut through the coming posture-striking and rhetoric. (Arab News)
A New Approach Is Needed In Talks With Iran Over Its Nuclear Program
Now that Iran has resumed its nuclear activities, it is worth assessing the shortcomings of the European Union's approach in its negotiations with Tehran over its nuclear program. (The Daily Star)
The Insider Daily Investigative Report (DIR) is a summary of major news articles and broadcasts relating to investigative news, including international terrorism and developments in Iraq. The DIR is edited daily from foreign and U.S. sources by Chris Isham, Hoda Osman and Brinda Adhikari of the ABC News Investigative Unit. The views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ABCNEWS.


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An evil army masses against the Knights of the Prince, and they are outnumbered.
Only the King can save them…
While the Knights of the Prince train in the Kingdom Across the Sea, the Dark Knight, Lucius, reigns in Arrethtrae with complete authority. But when a small group of loyalists swears allegiance to the King, the Prince returns, and in a mighty battle, Lucius and the Shadow Warriors are vanquished and imprisoned in the Wasteland.
Peace and prosperity renew the land, and the Prince rules from the royal city of Chessington. While the heroic Cedric travels as ambassador, he sees that every corner of Arrethtrae reaps the benefits of prosperity brought to the land by the Prince's reign.
But not everyone will swear allegiance to the King, and it seems this paradise may be lost yet again because of the pride and greed of evil men who plot to free the Dark Knight and his minions. Cedric rides desperately to bring the news before it's too late…
Journey to Arrethtrae, where the King and His Son implement a bold plan to save their kingdom; where courage, faith, and loyalty stand tall in the face of opposition; where good will not bow to evil–where the King reigns…along with His Son!
About the Author
Chuck Black spent eight years in the Air Force traveling the world as a communications engineer and an F-16 fighter pilot. He has invented or coinvented eleven patented construction products now being sold internationally. He earned his BS in electrical and electronic engineering from North Dakota State University and today, with his wife, Andrea, is in his thirteenth year homeschooling their six children. The Blacks take their family music ministry on the road, singing Christian gospel, contemporary, and traditional songs. Chuck is enjoying his eighth year teaching adult Sunday school classes at First Baptist Church in Williston, North Dakota.


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D.C.-area gas price tracker: Gas price maps, trends, history
Prices at the pump have been falling dramatically over the past several weeks, and ABC 7 wants to help you find the best gas prices in the area.
Walgreens offering free HIV testing
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Two children, one adult shot in Southeast D.C.
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Kaywone Wills, Southeast teen killed in scooter-car collision
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BBQ Battle: Two-and-a-Half Tons of Meat? One Really Good Cookout
Five city blocks in Northwest Washington today were shut down and the barbeque pit masters were moved in, for the 20th annual Safeway Barbeque Battle.18 Comments
City kids have more food allergies than rural kids
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D.C. charter schools: 15,000 on waiting lists
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Cause philanthropub opening in D.C.
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Lawrence Neal's death ruled a homicide
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Mayor Gray to propose broad campaign finance reforms
D.C. Attorney General Irvin Nathan says the ban on contributions by major contractors would help end the perception of a "pay to play" culture in district government.6 Comments
Metro to replace oldest rail cars
Some of the 1000-series cars that have been called death traps during crashes will start to be replaced as soon as new 7000-series cars come to Metro.Comment
SCOTUS: Supreme Court rules on health care reform, Arizona's immigration law
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Hae Soon Lim, slain NE deli owner, remembered in Bethesda
Friends, family, and customers came together at a Bethesda funeral home Saturday, to say goodbye and pay their respects to Hae Soon Lim, who was killed last week in the deli she owned on H Street in Northeast Washington.5 Comments
Storms damage homes, businesses in D.C. and Maryland
Nasty storms left behind widespread damage for dozens of people in the D.C. area Friday night. Pepco reports 14,450 customers are without power.4 Comments
Mother says son bullied by staff at Georgetown camp for wearing Duke logo
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Kevin Durant's Full MVP Acceptance Speech
By Sports Talk Florida
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If you missed the 20 minutes of Kevin Durant sharing heartfelt words with the audience and him accept the MVP award, we've got you covered. Even if you only watched the highlights. Here's the entire speech.
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