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A homopolymer or copolymer useful for inhibiting the migration of pigmented inks in porous inkjet receptor media is disclosed. The copolymer is comprised of at least two different hydrophilic monomers, each of whose homopolymers are hydrophilic yet the resulting copolymer from the different hydrophilic monomers is sparingly soluble in water. Methods of making and using such copolymer are also disclosed.
1. An inkjet receptor medium suitable for imaging with a pigmented ink, comprising:
a porous substrate;
a pigment management system comprising a multivalent metal salt coating or functionalized particulates in contact with surfaces of pores of the porous substrate; and
a migration inhibitor within the porous substrate, wherein the migration inhibitor comprises a copolymer comprising at least two different copolymerized monomers whose homopolymers are hydrophilic, wherein the copolymer is capable of inhibiting migration of a pigmented ink when the receptor medium having a pigmented ink image thereon comes in contact with water, and further wherein the copolymer has a number average molecular weight of about 10,000 to about 300,000 and is sparingly soluble in water.
2. The inkjet receptor medium of
3. The inkjet receptor medium of
4. The inkjet receptor medium of
5. The inkjet receptor medium of
6. The inkjet receptor medium of
7. The inkjet receptor medium of
8. The inkjet receptor medium of
9. The inkjet receptor medium of
10. An inkjet receptor medium suitable for imaging with a pigmented ink, comprising:
a microporous substrate;
a pigment management system comprising a multivalent metal salt coating or functionalized particulates in contact with surfaces of pores of the microporous substrate;
a fluid management system comprising a surfactant in contact with surfaces of pores of the microporous substrate; and
a migration inhibitor within the microporous substrate, wherein the migration inhibitor comprises a copolymer comprising at least two different copolymerized monomers whose homopolymers are hydrophilic, wherein the copolymer is sparingly soluble in water and has a number average molecular weight of about 10,000 to about 300,000.
11. The inkjet receptor medium of
12. A method of forming an image, the method comprising:
providing an inkjet receptor medium of
delivering a pigmented ink to the inkjet receptor medium.
The file of this patent contains at least one drawing executed in color. Copies of this patent with color drawings will be provided by the Patent and Trademark Office upon request and payment of the necessary fee.
This invention relates to a microporous inkjet receptor that provides excellent images with pigmented inks deposited thereon in a manner that impedes migration of the pigmented inks when in contact with water.
Inkjet imaging techniques have become vastly popular in commercial and consumer applications. The ability to use a personal computer and desktop printer to print a color image on paper or other receptor media has extended from dye-based inks to pigment-based inks. The latter provide brilliant colors and more durable images because pigment particles are contained in a dispersion before being dispensed using a thermal inkjet print head, such as those commercially available from Hewlett Packard Corporation or LexMark Corporation in inkjet printers commercially available from Hewlett Packard Corporation, Encad Inc., Mimaki Corporation, and others.
Ink jet printers have been in general use for wide-format electronic printing for applications such as, engineering and architectural drawings. Because of the simplicity of operation, economy of ink jet printers, and improvements in ink technology the inkjet imaging process holds a superior growth potential promise for the printing industry to produce wide format, image on demand, presentation quality durable graphics.
The components of an ink jet system used for making graphics can be grouped into three major categories:
1 Computer, software, printer.
2 Ink.
3 Receptor sheet.
The computer, software, and printer will control the size, number and placement of the ink droplets and will transport the receptor film. The ink will contain the colorant or pigments which form the image and the receptor film provides the medium which accepts and holds the ink. The quality of the ink jet image is a function of the total system. However, the composition and interaction between the ink and receptor film is most important in an ink jet system.
Image quality is what the viewing public and paying customers will want and demand to see. Many other demands are also placed on the ink jet media/ink system from the print shop, such as rapid drying, humidity insensitivity, extended shelf life, waterfastness and overall handleability. Also, exposure to the environment can place additional demands on the media and ink (depending on the application of the graphic).
Porous membrane is a natural choice to use as an ink jet receptive media because the capillary action of the porous membrane can wick the ink into the pores much faster than the absorption mechanism of film forming water soluble coatings. However, in the past, when a porous coating or film has been employed to achieve desired quick dry, optical density has suffered greatly because the colorant penetrates too deep into the porous network. This type of problem is magnified by printers that dispense high volumes of ink per drop because extra film thickness may be required to hold all the ink. When the pore size and pore volume of the membrane are opened to allow the pigments to penetrate, the pigments can be stratified in the membrane. Meaning, the black, cyan, magenta, and yellow will be predominately found at different depths depending on the order of application. Hence, some of the first color(s) applied is /are optically trapped in the image by subsequent application of other pigmented ink. Furthermore, lateral diffusion of the ink can also be a problem inherent in porous membranes used as receptive media. When pigmented inks are jetted onto a porous film that has a pore size that is too small, color pigments will be filtered on the top of the membrane rendering high image density, but the pigments could easily smear and have the effect of never drying. Also, excess fluid from the ink can coalesce, or even worse, pool and run on the image before the water/glycol carrier is wicked away.
The chemical formulation of the pigmented inkjet ink has considerable complexity due to the requirement of continued dispersion of the pigment particles in the remainder of the ink and during jetting of the ink.
The typical consumer medium for receiving dye-based inkjet inks has been paper or specially coated papers. However, with too much inkjet ink in a given area of the paper, one can see the over-saturation of the paper with the aqueous ink in which dye was dissolved.
As inkjet inks have become more commercially oriented and pigmented-based inks have become more prevalent, different media have been tried in an attempt to control the management of fluids in the ink.
Japanese Patent JP 61-041585 discloses a method for producing printing material using a ratio of PVA/PVP. The disadvantage is inadequate waterfastness and wet rub off properties.
Japanese Patent JP61-261089 discloses a transparent material with cationic conductive resin in addition to a mixture of PVA/PVP. The material is water fast and smudge proof but the wet rub off properties are poor.
European Patent Publication EP 0 716 931 Al discloses a system using a dye capable of co-ordinate bonding with a metal ion in two or more positions. Again binder resins are used with inorganic pigments in the paper or film. The metal ion was preferred to be jetted on before imaging and additional heating is necessary to complete the reaction. This system was not claiming to be water fast; the focus was long term storage without fading from heat or light.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,537,137 discloses a system to achieve waterfastness by curing with heat or UV light. In the body of the patent, examples of their coatings contained Ca++ from CaCl2. This was added to provide reactive species for the acid groups on the dispersed polymer. The coating remains water soluble until UV or heat curing after imaging.
Hence, the current special ink jet media employ vehicle absorptive components, and sometimes optional additives to bind the inks to the media. As a consequence current media are inherently moisture sensitive and can be fragile to handling and subject to finger smearing. Moreover, the vehicle absorptive components usually consist of water soluble (or swelling) polymers which result in slower printing speeds and dry times.
Pigmented ink delivery systems have also dealt with pigment management systems, wherein the resting location of the pigment particles are managed to provide the best possible image graphic. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,747,148 (Warner et al.), discloses a pigment management system in which a suitable supporting layer (including in a listing a microporous layer) has a two layer fluid management system: a protective penetrant layer and a receptor layer, both layers containing filler particles to provide two different types of protrusions from the uppermost protective penetrant layer. Electron microphotographs in that application show how the pigment particles of the ink encounter smooth protrusions that provide a suitable topography for pigment particle "nesting" and rocky protrusions that assist in media handling and the like.
Other ink receptors have been disclosed, including U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,342,688 (Kitchin); 5,389,723 and 4,935,307 (both Iqbal et al.); 5,208,092 (Iqbal) 5,302,437 (Idei et al); U.S. Pat. No. 5,206,071 (Atherton et al.); and EPO Patent Publication 0 484 016 A1.
One prior activity has combined a fluid management system with a pigment management system, as disclosed herein and in copending, coassigned, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/892,902, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. This work solves the need for an inkjet receptor to have both a pigment management system for flocculating or agglomerating incoming pigment/dispersant particles and a fluid management system for efficiently dispensing with the carrier fluids within a porous substrate.
It has been found that inkjet receptor media require durability for exposure to water in the form of humidity, rain, dew, snow, and the like.
It has also been found that pigment particles in aqueous inkjet ink formulations require time to establish a stable relationship with the medium upon which they have been deposited during inkjet printing.
It has been found that pigment particles are capable of migration within pores of a porous inkjet receptor medium, even if such receptor medium has both a fluid management system and a pigment management system.
What the art needs is an inkjet receptor medium that assures rapid establishment of a stable relationship between pigment particles (and their dispersants) and the inkjet receptor medium, particularly when the printed medium is likely to be exposed to water or other solvents shortly after printing.
One aspect of the present invention is a migration inhibitor for pigmented inks comprising a copolymer of at least two different hydrophilic monomers, each of whose homopolymers are hydrophilic yet the resulting copolymer from the different hydrophilic monomers is sparingly soluble in water.
For purposes of this application, "soluble in water" means dissolution of the monomer or polymer in deionized water at room temperature (about 15-18� C.) at a rate of 50-90 grams/100 g of water. By contrast, "sparingly soluble in water" means the monomer or polymer is capable of being dispersed in deionized water at room temperature (about 15-18� C.) without becoming substantially dissolved (no more than about 1 gram/100 grams of water) in that deionized water, notwithstanding possible solubility in blends of water and other hydrophilic solvents.
One feature of the present invention is a homopolymer or copolymer that has hydrophilic interaction sites for both pigmented particles and their associated dispersants and hydrophilic interaction sites for multivalent metal ion coordination. "Hydrophilic interaction" in the present context means a physicochemical phenomenon whereby the functional group(s) in the homopolymer or copolymer undergoes interactions with the dispersants and the metal ions in hydrophilic medium.
One advantage of the present invention is that a dispersible-co-soluble hydrophilic copolymer or hydrophilic homopolymer of the present invention can substantially immobilize pigment particles and their associated dispersants from migration when the printed inkjet receptor medium comes in contact with water.
Other features and advantages of the invention will be disclosed in relation to the embodiments of the invention, using the following drawings.
FIG. 1 is a comparison color photograph showing pigment migration when inkjet receptor medium has not employed the pigment migration inhibitor of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a color photograph showing substantially no pigment migration under the same conditions as seen in FIG. 1, except that the inkjet receptor medium has employed the pigment migration inhibitor of the present invention.
The microporous material has a pigment management system based on addition of materials into the pore volume of the porous substrate.
Two embodiments are disclosed for the Pigment Management System: Silica Agglomerates and Multivalent Metal Salts. There are benefits of both and some distinctions that can be employed by those skilled in the art to advantage.
Both embodiments provide a quick dry, high color density, high resolution image that is smudge resistant (if the silica agglomerates reside below the exposed surface of the receptor medium).
The silica agglomerate embodiment works with both dye-based and pigment-based inks, whereas the metal salt embodiment works better with pigment-based inks.
The silica agglomerate is not soluble in water either for preparing imbibing solutions or after imaging. The metal salt is soluble in water for both preparing solutions and during imaging, but not after complexing with the dispersing aid that surrounds the pigment particles in the ink.
The silica agglomerate is composed of particles trapped inside the porous receptor medium, whereas the metal salt is composed of coatings on the interior surfaces of the porous receptor medium.
The silica agglomerate is believed to serve as a chemical trap, a functionalized silica, of ink passing through the interior pores interacting with dispersants that surround pigment particles, leaving the colorant with the agglomerate, providing a chemical means of pigment management based on particulates within the pores. The metal salt is believed to serve as reagents to rapidly destabilize dispersants surrounding the pigment particles in the ink, whereby the pigment particles coagulate or flocculate as the remainder of the ink fluid continues through pores and along the surfaces of the receptor medium. The multivalent salts therefore provide a chemical means of pigment management along surfaces of the pores.
The former requires penetration into the porous receptor medium to minimize physical removal from the medium. The latter coats surfaces of the receptor medium and, once dried, is resistant to physical removal.
One way to qualify various pigment management systems is to place a quantity of the targeted ink into a solution of a pigment management system. A non-particulate chemical acting as in pigment management will flocculate and separate the pigment particles from the ink, rapidly separating the appearance of the experimental liquid into two layers, whereas a particulate chemical acting pigment management will not separate rapidly the experimental liquid into two layers.
While two embodiments are described in more detail below, one skilled in the art can also employ other compositions to provide either primarily physical or primarily chemical means of pigment management without departing from the scope of the present invention.
One embodiment of the pigment management system used in the present invention relies on fluorinated silica agglomerates filling at least a significant portion of the pore volume of the microporous material. The silica-agglomerates are hydrophobic and are sympathetic with pigment particles dispersed within a pigmented ink.
Details of the preparation of fluorinated silica particles are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,071,614, issued Jun. 6, 2000, to Farooq, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. Briefly, the preparation can be represented by the following equation:
The size of the silica particles can range from about 0.1 to about 50 μm and preferably from about 1 to about 10 μm.
The amount of the silica particles can range from about 2 to about 20 weight percent and preferably from about 3 to about 10 weight percent. Impregnation of the silica particles into the pore volume of the microporous membrane requires the particles not to be oversized and operates according the discussion above.
One advantage of functionalized silica particles discussed above is their microporosity which can aid in the physical interaction of pigment particles in ink moving through the pores of the substrate. A more important advantage is their functionalized surfaces for interaction with dispersants engaged with those pigment particles.
A second embodiment of the pigment management system relies on a multivalent metal salt or salts to control the reception of pigment particles onto the porous surfaces of the receptor.
Nonlimiting examples of multivalent metal salts useful in the present invention include the metal cations from Group 11 and above in the Periodic Table, such as Ca, Mg, Ti, Zr, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ta, Al, Ga, Sn. Examples include a single salt, a binary salt, or a ternary salt containing counterions such as nitrate, sulfate, nitrite, acetate, sulfite, bisulfite, alkanesulfonate, fluoroalkanesulfonates, perchlorate, halide, pseudo-halides, propionate, and the like, and combinations thereof.
Other examples of multivalent metal salts depend on and operate within the conditions of solubility rule concerning the dissolving of salts in water, (General Chemistry Principles and Structure 5th edition p. 132). These rules have hierarchy, meaning if there is conflict with a rule, the preceding rule takes precedence. For example, rule 8 states all carbonates (CO3 −2) are insoluble in water. The exceptions to this rule are found when following rules 1 and 2, which is all salts of the alkali metals and all salts of the ammonium (NH4 +) ion are soluble. To employ these rules means that the ammonium and the alkali metal salts do not flocculate ink on contact when imbibed in the porous membrane. Therefore, the salts formed by the carbonate ion are not as useful as other counter ions. As another example, the salt, NaCl, does not flocculate the ink as it contains only the +1 cation (sodium) found in Group 1A of the Periodic Table. The salt, CaCl2 does flocculate the ink as the +2 (calcium) is found in Group IIA.
Specific examples of preferred salts include aluminum sulfate, aluminum nitrate, gallium nitrate, ferrous sulfate, chromium sulfate, calcium propionate, zinc sulfate, zinc acetate, zinc chloride, calcium chloride, calcium bromide, magnesium sulfate, magnesium chloride, and combinations thereof. These compounds are typically sold and can be used in the hydrated form. Of the various possible salts, aluminum sulfate is presently preferred.
The amount of salts that can be used in the coating solution for imbibing in the porous substrate of the present invention can range from about 0.5 wt % to about 50.0 wt %, and preferably from about 1.0 wt % to about 10.0 wt %.
The inkjet receptor medium can be any porous membrane or film known to those skilled in the art wherein it is desired to print inkjet inks on at least one major surface thereon. Preferably, the medium comprises an inkjet receptor medium, comprising a porous substrate having a fluid management system and having a pigment management system in contact with surfaces of pores of the substrate therein, such as disclosed herein and in copending, coassigned, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/892,902, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein. One embodiment of that medium is an inkjet receptor comprising a microporous membrane impregnated with an inorganic multivalent metal salt together with a surfactant or combination of surfactants chosen for the ink and membrane being employed.
Another embodiment is an inkjet receptor comprising a microporous membrane impregnated with a microporous fluorinated silica agglomerate together with a binder and a surfactant or a combination of surfactants for the ink and membrane being employed.
Another embodiment of the present invention is an inkjet receptor comprising a microporous membrane impregnated with a microporous fluorinated silica agglomerate together with a binder and a surfactant or combination of surfactants wherein the said surfactants are selected from the group of hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactants, silicon-based non-ionic surfactants or fluorocarbon-based non-ionic based surfactants or a combination thereof.
These receptors, when imaged in an inkjet printer, provide very high density and very high quality images which are tack-free and instantaneously dry to touch.
The ink colorant is typically a pigment dispersion having a dispersant that binds to the pigment and that will destabilize, flocculate, agglomerate, or coagulate the pigments on contact with the media component. Depositing each of the colors at or just below the surface of the membrane allowing the carrier fluid to wick into the membrane where the fluid management system can take over while providing a sheltered location for the pigments as managed by the pigment management system.
More preferably, the inkjet receptor medium uses a Thermally Induced Phase Separated (T.I.P.S.) microporous membrane disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,539,256 (Shipman) and available from 3M. For optimization, the pore size and pore volume of the porous film can be adjusted for the model or make of the ink jet printer to correctly hold the volume of ink dispensed by the printer ensuring the highest possible image quality. The coating on the preferred media/ink set has special utility in the demanding ink jet printing applications found in commercial printing. Thus, one can "fine tune" the properties of these receptors to deal with the variables of inkjet ink delivery, including without limitation: porosity of media, pore size, surface wetting energy, and other capacity issues for media to receive ink of various formulations and drop volumes. Moreover, these media exhibit a complex porosity in its porous material that provides both a tortuous path for fluid management and a tortuous path that ensnares the pigment initially and continually during ink delivery.
Pigment migration inhibitors useful in the present invention can be homopolymers or copolymers having any number of hydrophilic monomers, each of whose homopolymers are hydrophilic, so long as the resulting copolymer is sparingly soluble in water, as defined above. Preferably, the copolymer includes at least one water dispersible monomer and at least one water soluble monomer.
Nonlimiting examples of hydrophilic monomers are methacrylic, ethacrylic acids, acrylic acid N-Vinylphthalimide, Vinylimidazole, Vinylpyridine and N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone, with the last and acrylic acid being presently preferred. The homopolymer used in the present invention is a polyvinylpyrrolidinone (PVP) of relatively high molecular weight available from commercial sources.
Molecular weight (Number Average) has been been found to be significant for performance of the inhibitor homopolymer or copolymers of the present invention. The molecular weight of the homopolymer can range from about 10,000 to about 2,000,000 preferably, about 40,000 to about 2,000,000, and more preferably from about 500,000 to about 1,500,000. The molecular weight of the copolymer can range from about 10,000 to about 300,000 and preferably from about 20,000 to about 200,000 and more preferably from about 30,000 to about 100,000 (greater than about 35,000.). Very high molecular weight copolymer tends not to be soluble in the coating composition. The intermediate molecular weight copolymer e.g., from 30,000-100,000 as used in the present invention is fairly soluble under hot-water treatment and is therefore, workable.
Once monomers are selected, the polymerization is rather less complicated. Mixing the monomers in appropriate solvent with the right amount of initiator and subjecting the mixture to mild heating allows polymerization reaction to take place in reasonable time frame. The initiator concentration has to be adjusted in such a way so that in a given set of monomer concentrations, the copolymer with the desired molecular weight is obtained with 95-99% conversion.
Use of appropriate solvent for the copolymerization is another important aspect in the preparation of the copolymer. In such etheral solvent as THF, the reaction is very exothermic as it is in related hydrocarbon solvents. In such solvents, the polymer is formed as precipitates which is subsequently obtained by filtration via a preferable treatment in a non-solvent. Due to high exothermicity, use of such solvent is less desirable.
It is, however, more desirable to make use of such a solvent as an alcohol e.g., an ethanol which is an integral part of the coating composition. The copolymer has been prepared in methanol, ethanol and isopropanol. In methanol, the resulting copolymer is relatively more soluble and in isopropyl alcohol, it is less soluble. In ethanol, the copolymer was obtained as partly soluble and partly insoluble material; at the end of reaction the material was dissolved by adding the required amount of water to obtain a clear solution. The amount of water added is such that a definite workable concentration of the copolymer can be obtained in the mixed solvent.
The comonomer ratios determining composition of the copolymer is important. These ratios reflect not only the solubility of the copolymer in water-based composition but also determines the copolymers' inhibitor properties towards the pigment mobility. A copolymer of acrylic acid and (N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone) provides a balance of properties for both high density and low pigment mobility and does not adversely interfere with other properties such as fluid management and other pigment management such as flocculation/agglomeration of the pigment particles. The copolymer consisting of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone ["NVP"] and acrylic acid ["AA"] preferably includes NVP in an amount of about 65-90 weight percent, and more preferably for certain embodiments about 75-90 weight percent and for other embodiments about 70-80 weight percent, and preferably includes AA in an amount of about 10-35 weight percent, and more preferably for certain embodiments about 10-25 weight percent and for other embodiments about 20-30 weight percent. The inhibition vs. image density as part of the copolymer properties is shown in the following profile:
Copolymerization can be performed according to an anionic polymerization procedure as disclosed in Homby et al., Soap/Cosmetics/Chemical Specialties, June 1993.
Once monomers are selected, the polymerization of them has been found to be significant for performance of the inhibitors of the present invention. The weight ratio of (monomer dispersible in water such as NVP): (monomer soluble in water such as AA) can range from about 65:35 to about 90:10, and preferably about 75:25.
Polymerization of hydrophilic monomers to form a copolymer can employ any conventional polymerization technique, among included, bulk polymerization, emulsion polymerization, solution polymerization, with the last being presently preferred. Such polymerization processes can be effected by conventional procedures, among included, anionic, free-radical polymerizations, with the last being presently preferred.
After polymerization of the inhibitor copolymer, the inhibitor copolymer is added to a coating solution, such as disclosed in copending, coassigned, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/892,902, for coating on the inkjet receptor medium. The weight percent of the inhibitor homopolymer or copolymer in the coating solution can range from about 0.1 to about 5% in order to minimize deleterious effects on other printing properties, and preferably from about 0.3 to about 3 weight percent, and more preferably from about 0.5 to about 2% weight percent.
Use of some hydrophilic copolymers consisting of monomers being more hydrophilic and water soluble, provides enhanced image density but does not allow significant pigment inhibition in the present composition or they may interfere with other fluid management and pigment management properties such as dry time, smudge resistance, and the like. Some of such hydrophilic copolymers are shown below:
This copolymer was prepared from styrene/maleic anhydride (3:1) and then the aromatic was sulfonated. Alkaline hydrolysis of the material gave hydrophilic sulfonated styrene-maleic acid copolymer in sodium-salt form.
This copolymer consisting of NVP/HEMA/MEA/AA(NH4 +) in the ratio 60:20:10:10 enhanced the ink densities but does not significantly inhibit
pigment migration
This copolymer consisting of NVP/DMAEMA/AA(NH4 +) in the ratio 70:20:10 enhances the ink densities but does not significantly inhibit pigment migration.
This material consisting of NVP/DMAEMA in the ratio 20:80 enhances the ink density but does not significantly inhibit pigment migration.
This material consisting of NVP/DMAEMA in the ratio 80:20 significantly enhances the ink density.
Yet some copolymers with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic monomers renders inhibition to the pigment mobility to a lesser extent compared to the homopolymer or the copolymer used in the present invention. Some of these copolymers are shown below:
This material, a Carboset brand acrylic polymer containing styrene units (from B.F. Goodrich) helped reduce the black pigment mobility onto the substrate to a significant extent.
This is an ethylacrylate, methylacrylate and methacrylic acid copolymer (from Air Products)helped reduce the black pigment migration onto the substrate to a significant extent.
Some of the latices consisting of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic monomers were also used to inhibit pigment mobility. Examples of such latices are copolymer of ethylene and vinylacetate (Airflex) from Air products, copolymers of styrene and NVP from ISP. These copolymers did not effect pigment inhibition owing to their latex characetistics—they tend to plug the pores in the porous film.
Effecting pigment inhibition on the porous film was attempted by making use of certain cross-linkers e.g., aziridine couplers in the coating composition. CX-100 (from Zeneca) a liquid water-soluble cross-linker and XAMA-7 (from Ciba-Geigy) a semi-liquid water-ethanol soluble cross-linker were used in 0.5-1% range in the coating composition. Use of these cross-linkers moderately improved the black pigment fixation on the receptor on water-challenge.
Other ink receptive copolymers that are sparingly soluble in water include a copolymer of N-vinylpyrrolidone, acrylic acid, and trimethoxysilylethylmethacrylate (80/10/10); a copolymer of N-vinylpyrrolidone, acrylic acid, trimethoxysilylethylmethacrylate, and ethyleneoxide acrylate (75/10/5/10); a copolymer of N-vinylpyrrolidone, acrylic acid, and N, N, N-methyloctylheptadecafluorosulfonylethylacrylate (MeFOSEA) (80/10/10); a copolymer of N-vinylpyrrolidone, acrylic acid, trimethoxysilylethylmethacrylate and N, N, N-ethyloctylheptadecafluorosulfonylethylacrylate (MeFOSEA) (83/10/2/5); and ); a copolymer of N-vinylpyrrolidone, acrylic acid, and Sulfonated Styrene-Sodium Salt (60/10/30).
In addition to the migration inhibitor of the present invention, one can add other compounds to improve image quality and stability. For example, to overcome the presence of any residue residing on the exposed surface of a porous inkjet medium, where the pigment particles are supposed to be nested within the porous surfaces of the medium, one can add a drying agent to the coating solution used to load a fluid management system and/or a pigment management system to a porous medium.
It has been found that ink migration of the pigment particles can occur when a portion of a printed inkjet medium protected by an overlaminate is partially submerged in water and capillary forces cause continuous water flow within the overlaminated printed medium within the submerged portion to other locations within the submerged portion and sometimes to the unsubmerged portion. This continuous water flow in true capillary action transports pigment particles within various locations in the submerged portion and sometimes to the unsubmerged portion, leaving transported pigment particles in unintended locations which distorts the intended image. This phenomenon can be noticeable within minutes or can occur only after several hours of submersion of a portion of the printed ink. This noticeable ink migration is in a manner like thin layer chromatography. The compositions of the present invention inhibit this ink migration, delaying the phenomenon from minutes to weeks or more. Any edge of a laminated printed inkjet image or a disruption in the overlaminate can be a source for water flow or capillary action. Pigment migration could occur unless the compositions of the present invention are employed to inhibit pigment migration. The amount of water flow via capillary action can also determine the amount of migration, but printed inkjet images should be designed for possible severe conditions than to risk loss of image quality or image assurance.
FIG. 1 shows a color photograph of several colors of HP2500 Series brand pigmented inkjet inks (commercially available from Hewlett Packard Corporation of Palo Alto, Calif., USA) printed in an image of a test pattern on an inkjet receptor medium, namely, an oil-in microporous polypropylene membrane prepared according the disclosures of U.S. Pat. No. 4,539,256 (Shipman et al.), U.S. Pat. No. 4,726,989 (Mrozinski), and more particularly U.S. Pat. No. 5,120,594 (Mrozinski), the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference, treated with
This membrane had the following properties:
The composition was coated onto the microporous inkjet receptor medium with a No. 4 Meyer bar. The printed medium was laminated with 3M Scotch No. 845 Book Tape and the laminated medium was adhered to a piece of anodized aluminum and approximately 75% percent was submerged in water for a period of about 4 hours. During this time of submersion, the image deteriorated due to pigment migration. Moreover, via capillary action, the pigment also wicked above the water line as seen in FIG. 1.
FIG. 2 shows a repeat of the same experiment as seen in FIG. 1, except that the formula was modified to add to coating solution 2 weight percent of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone-co-acrylic acid copolymer in a weight ratio of 75:25 and having a molecular weight (MWn) of about 96,000. The submersion resulted in substantially no underwater pigment migration nor wicking of any color to the waterline or above the waterline for 4 days under eye examination. Similar experiments have been run for as long as 10 days also demonstrate the properties of this invention, although failure of the test for migration will be seen usually within the first 2 days. It is presently believed that the inhibition of this invention continues indefinitely and longer than any anticipated length of image display in water-containing environments.
Work was also done replacing NVP/AA copolymer coating used in the example seen in FIG. 2 with 1,300,000 M.W. (Number Average) polyvinyl pyrrolidinone [PVP] in 0.6 wt % to obtain the similar excellent results.
Appropriate drying/heating the coated receptor prior to imaging is another important parameter in the design and development of the present high ink-volume microporous inkjet receptor. It was found that lack of appropriate drying can cause the ink (pigment) to migrate in the under-water test even though all other conditions are satisfied. It was, further, found that hand-held heat guns could cause insufficient or uneven drying of the receptor. A uniform oven-drying the receptor after coating from 90� C. to about 120� C. for about 1-3 mins and more preferably for about 1-1.5 mins provides sufficient drying to induce chemical-fixation of the ingredients, components or compounds of the composition into the porous film. Then the coated, dried membrane can be stored for a considerable period of time (at least one year) before printing. The procedure allows no pigment migration in any of the water tests described for an indefinite period of time.
Another test for pigment movement or migration from water is the following water spray test:
Tempered water from a standard 1.90 cm (� inch) aerated faucet was allowed to drop 0.61 meters (2 feet) at a rate of 6 liters per minute for 5 minutes onto the coated film sample which was imaged with a test pattern (the same pattern as seen in FIGS. 1 and 2). The sample was moved about so each color area could receive the water stream directly. The sample was removed from the water stream, allowed to dry and observed for ink movement. For ease and documentation of this test, each sample was adhered to an aluminum plate and the test was performed about 10 minutes after printing.
Imaged membranes benefiting from the present invention pass this Water Spray Test.
While not being limited to a particular theory, it is believed that the dispersants, surrounding a pigment particle that have not yet become agglomerated according to the pigment management system disclosed herein and in application Ser. No. 08/892,902, have nonetheless become associated with the migration inhibitor copolymer through hydrophilic interaction. Moreover, the molecular weight of the migration inhibitor copolymer results in establishment of pigment stability in the medium because of the tortuous path within the porous medium is far less likely to permit capillary action for a pigment particle associated with a homopolymer or copolymer having such molecular weight or the copolymer having reduced hydrophilicity.
The work seen in FIGS. 1 and 2 was repeated successfully using a microporous membrane prepared using thermally induced phase separation techniques according the disclosures of U.S. Pat. No. 4,539,256 (Shipman et al.), U.S. Pat. No. 4,726,989 (Mrozinski), and more particularly U.S. Pat. No. 5,120,594 (Mrozinski), the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference. This membrane had the following properties:
The membrane was treated with a coating of
The example was repeated with another piece of the same membrane, which was also impregnated with another coating solution consisting of:
The dry membrane was imaged with an HP 2500 Series Printer to obtain a very high density, dry, and smudge-free image which was resistant to wet-rub and water migration immediately after printing.
The experiment was repeated, without migration inhibitor, using a different coating solution of
After coating and drying, the membrane was imaged with an Encad printer fitted with 3M inks. The image was overlaminated with a 3M product called #8519 from the Commercial Graphics Division, and partially submerged in water. The black and cyan pigments began to move in less than 20 minutes as the water traveled through the membrane.
The experiment was repeated with the same coating solution except that 2.0% polyvinylpyrrolidone-co-acrylic acid (75/25) was added to the receptor solution, reducing the water accordingly. After imaging and overlaminating with #8519, the image was partially submerged in water for 24 hours where it was observed that no ink had migrated from its original location.
It has been observed that not only does the migration inhibitor of the present invention minimize pigment migration as water enters into the imaged membrane, but also the pigment migration is minimized as water recedes. Thus, the image is preserved as much as possible regardless of the location of water about the membrane and which way the water is moving.
The invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The claims follow.
Patent Citations
Non-Patent Citations
Referenced by
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Hang tight!
Recipe by jodygreiner
"Similar to a sloppy joe but the pork gives it an unique flavor."
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2 pounds
ground pork
1 cup
1/2 cup
2 tablespoons
1 tablespoon
brown sugar
1 teaspoon
dry mustard
1 teaspoon
hamburger buns
Yum.. I loved this. I did also double the sauce and even so, don't expect this to be saucy like a sloppy joe. I love ground pork and this was a great way to enjoy it
Absolutely needed more sauce. I added some cayenne pepper and minced onions. Used half ground turkey and half ground pork.
5 Ratings
I tried this recipe and it was a hit with my family. The only thing I did was double the sauce part, add a chopped onion, and also added 1/4 tsp of chipotle cayenne pepper. It was amazing!
* Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet.
Pork Rites (Taverns)
Serving Size: 1/12 of a recipe
Servings Per Recipe: 12
Amount Per Serving
Calories: 303
Calories from Fat: 119
Something about the grill's heat brings out the best flavor in the simplest chicken recipe.
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[Debra Jopson] Almost $600 million earmarked by the Federal Government to help drought-stricken farm families has never been spent because the rules for claiming it were too tough. more
[Brad Watts] The father of the Adelaide-born NASA astronaut Andy Thomas is facing an anxious few hours, praying the space shuttle lands safely. more
[Stephanie Peatling, Edmund Tadros and Anne Davies] The head of an Islamic organisation being investigated by ASIO says he will co-operate with federal agencies. more
[Michael Pelly and agencies] For three days the world held its breath - along with seven submariners stranded at the bottom of the Pacific Ocean. more
[Patrick Hennessy, Adam Lusher and Peter Zimonjic] Robin Cook, the former British foreign secretary, has died after suffering a suspected heart attack. more
[Anne Davies, Mark Metherell and Linda Morris] Unions NSW estimated that more than 30,000 people attended a family protest day at Olympic Park yesterday. more
A study of share-price movements uncovers uncanny coincidences, writes David Elias. more
iPod dominates the digital music market for now. Natalie Hanman asks whether its competitors can take any real ground from it. more
All of a sudden it's groovy to be a doting mum - even if you live in the land of rock'n'roll, Amy Cooper writes. more
Big Brother's so called recluse is evicted. more
[Brad Walter at Brookvale Oval] Manly officials will be asked by the NRL this week to explain why Sam Harris did not play yesterday's match in the No.6 jersey he was listed to wear. more
[Stathi Paxinos] Grant Hackett hits back at criticism that some of the Australian men's team had underperformed because they were more concerned about image and sponsorship options. more
One or two wouldn't hurt, especially after the first trimester. Or would it? more
Kylie Minogue's breast cancer scare led to an unprecedented rise in breast screens. more
Snapshots: Stunning images from around the world. more
The land needs more people and animals, not less, to avoid environmental disaster, writes Paul Sheehan. more
Footage of the 'Enola Gay' and archival scenes of the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima 60 years ago.
A strip club operator near Los Angeles Airport has outraged his neighbours by unveiling an explicit sign advertising his establishment. more
Whether you tour it, four-wheel-drive it, or cruise it, the Kimberley will leave you lost for words. more
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We have not yet reviewed this restaurant, but you'll find practical information about location and hours on this page, along with links to other reviews. Feel free to share your own opinion in the comments.
Tag Archives: Mon Vieil Ami
Not Terrible Near Notre Dame
To save the 13 million travelers who visit Notre Dame each year from the 13 million terrible restaurants that surround it, we present you with our 13 favorite places to eat near the great cathedral.
View Where to Eat Near Notre Dame in a larger map
Walk-Ins Welcome
1. Brasserie de L'Isle Saint Louis – This classic brasserie has been in business since 1953, and is still run by the same family.
2. Le Porte-Pot – An address for simple food and a decent glass of wine in the Latin Quarter. They also sell bottles to go, too.
3. Maison David – Squeeze into this tiny butcher shop for a standing lunch and watch owner Michel Kalifa in action.
Book a Few Days in Advance
4. Isami – Since 1992, chef Katsuo Nakamura has been impressing Parisians with formidable skill and quiet rigor at this tiny Ile Saint-Louis sushi bar.
5. Mon Vieil Ami – A contemporary bistro where vegetables rule on the Ile Saint-Louis from noted chef Antoine Westermann.
6. Itinéraires – A popular modern bistro from Sarah and Sylvain Sendra with dégustation menus (59€, 79€) at night.
7. Sola – A refined Franco-Japanese address that is an absolute favorite for its elegant and fresh food.
8. Le Ribouldingue – Le Ribouldingue is not for the faint of heart, but for those who want to eat it. Heart, that is. And bones and liver and tongue and kidney.
9. Lengué – An Izakaya joint, serving small plates, Japanese beer and cocktails, in the heart of the touristville.
10. Fogón – A popular, contemporary Spanish table.
11. Benoît Paris – Open since 1912, this picture-postcard Paris bistro is part of the Ducasse group.
12. Le Sergent Recruteur – Michel Bras' protégé Antonin Bonnet has taken over the former tourist trap near Notre Dame and transformed the space into a sleeker, chicer dining experience.
Book a Few Weeks in Advance
13. La Tour d'Argent – Chef Laurent Delarbre is modernizing this landmark table but hints of the classic repertoire remain including the famous numbered ducklings.
Still have room after your meal?
No visit to Notre Dame would be complete without sampling a cone of the famed Berthillon ice cream.


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31 year old man | Baychester, NY, USA | Seeking women 18-35 in United States
I am a fun loving and intelligent gentleman.I'm spontaneous, random, crazy, funny, goofy(but serious when I need to be).
I love to laugh and have a great time doing whatever it is that entertains me and the girl I'll meet, I'm looking for some one I can play with,easy going and down to earth person,I'm committed to being honest and faithful as trust is a key ingredient to any friendship. That being said I'm looking for some one I can call my BEST FRIEND,I have a good heart fill with,love,fun,care,respect,humors, i like going to the gym,I like ballparks, I like sport bars after a ball game and on weekends,
Alumni connections , Book club , Camping , Coffee and conversation , Business networking , Cooking , Dining out , Fishing/Hunting , Gardening/Landscaping , Hobbies and crafts , Movies/Videos , Museums and art , Music and concerts , Exploring new areas , Nightclubs/Dancing , Performing arts , Playing cards , Playing sports , Religion/Spiritual , Shopping/Antiques , Travel/Sightseeing , Video games , Volunteering , Watching sports , Wine tasting
Auto racing / Motorcross, Baseball, Basketball, Bowling, Cycling, Dancing, Football, Golf, Inline skating, Running, Soccer, Swimming, Tennis / Racquet sports, VolleyBall, Walking / Hiking, Weights / Machines
I exercise 3-4 times per week.
Don't display my sign
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Middle of the Road
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|Body type:
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Burger King profits up 40 percent
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Registered User
Join Date: Aug 2004
Posts: 10,299
Re: Burger King profits up 40 percent
Originally Posted by
Hey man, when you like to eat something, you get it more than once. I can do they same thing at my local taco bell. Just walk in and hand the lady my money, and she makes my food. When you don't have time or are just getting something to eat while your at work, the choices can be limited. My weight: 167lbs, so no I'm not a fat ass from eating fast food all the time.
I think the burger alone is probably okay for you, since it covers all of the pyramid in one step. (bread, vegtables, dairy, meat, and sometimes fruits) The really bad part for you is the fries, since it is fried in 5 gallons of fat.
A burger with a side salad and water is probably a well rounded meal. It might have a little extra fat, but it is still better than having fries, dessert, or a shake.
You're not getting a well balanced pyramid meal at burger king. You're getting man-mad processed crap. Everything on that burger is processed with chemicals to save money, but drastically reduces the health benefits.
And I don't eat healthy for my weight. I've come to realize that no matter what I eat, I'll always weigh about 165-170lbs. Maybe its genetics, maybe it's the fact that I have such a high metabolism due to working my ass off every day. Either way I count myself lucky in that regard.
However, something that a lot of people fail to realize (and it's really common sense when you think about it) is that food is literally a mind-altering drug. ANYTHING you ingest is potentially mind altering. Eating man-made processed chemical **** leads to depression and lack of energy. Now, nothing is nearly as badly processed as what you get in fast food, but I've seen it make enough of a difference in me that I'll only buy food that has not been processed with chemicals (with a few exceptions).
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Friday, January 5, 2007
Family, friends gather to pay tribute to Williams
Associated Press
FORT WORTH, Texas --
Darrent Williams
' family and friends gathered Friday to remember the charismatic
Denver Broncos
cornerback and former Oklahoma State standout who escaped the tough streets but never forgot his roots.
Thousands of mourners filed past Williams' copper-colored casket during a memorial service at the Great Commission Baptist Church on Friday night, where Pastor Douglas E. Brown will officiate funeral services Saturday.
"We are here tonight to remember the life of this son, brother, friend, Darrent 'Dee-Will' Williams," Brown said. "We are here to remember his life."
"If somebody just walked up and didn't know he got killed or passed or whatever, they would say, 'Aw, damn. Dee must be home.' Because this is what you would see. There'd be nothing but family and friends."
-- Monte Wayne, Williams' cousin
Williams was killed and two other passengers wounded when at least 14 shots were fired into the stretch Hummer that had just left a New Year's Eve party. Williams was struck once in the neck.
Denver police said Friday they arrested Willie Clark, 23, on a parole violation and will question him about Williams' slaying.
"We're not calling him a suspect at this time," police spokesman Sonny Jackson said. "I hope he is a valuable individual that will help assist us. I hope that he'll make a difference for us in solving this case."
In Fort Worth, people lined up at two microphones at the big church, which seats 2,500, plus another 800 in an overflow chapel, to tell Williams' family what he meant to them.
A man on a brown mustang trotted up and down the street in front of the church.
Reggie Bracey, wearing a cowboy hat, chaps and spurs and holding a giant Broncos flag aloft, said his son played football with Williams at O.D. Wyatt High School.
"I'm not good at the mushy stuff," Bracey said. "This is my way of saying I'm sorry."
As they entered the church a few miles from where Williams grew up, mourners viewed giant photographs of Williams, one of the NFL's most promising young defensive backs when he was killed early Monday in a stretch Hummer limousine following a New Year's Eve party in downtown Denver.
A Broncos helmet sat at the front of the church and Williams' white No. 27 jersey was draped over the altar. Hundreds of people wore replica jerseys, many of them signed by Williams.
Williams was dressed in a black pinstriped suit with an orange tie and white shirt. Viewers filed past his casket for an hour before a choir sang, "I'm Trading My Sorrow," and the preacher said the night was for supporting the family so that the funeral could be a celebration of Williams' life.
Before the visitation, dozens of family members and friends gathered at the house where he grew up in the Carter Park neighborhood of Fort Worth.
"If somebody just walked up and didn't know he got killed or passed or whatever, they would say, 'Aw, damn. Dee must be home,'" said cousin Monte Wayne, 25.
"Because this is what you would see. There'd be nothing but family and friends," Wayne said as he stood on the curb outside Williams' grandmother's house.
He pointed to the hard scrabble street and said that's where Williams first flashed his athletic skills that would make him a second-round pick by the Broncos in 2005 after a standout career at Oklahoma State.
The visitation at Great Commission Baptist Church was open to the public, as will be Saturday's funeral.
"I don't think it's going to hold everyone," said Carol Williams, an aunt of the Broncos player. "They say, 'Yeah, Dee must be home.' Play cards, play dominoes, fish fry, barbecue. Dee was just a grounded person, just so sweet."
The Broncos will fly to Fort Worth on Saturday for the funeral, where coach Mike Shanahan and owner Pat Bowlen are expected to be among the speakers. NFL commissioner Roger Goodell and Mike Haynes, the league's vice president of player development, also will attend the funeral.
The NFL announced Friday it would return a $15,000 fine levied against Williams for arguing with an official in a Nov. 19 game against San Diego. League spokesman Greg Aiello said the money would be turned over to the Broncos to return to Williams' family.
Williams was killed and two other passengers wounded when at least 14 shots were fired into the stretch Hummer that had just left a New Year's Eve party. Williams was struck once in the neck.
While family and friends mourned Williams in Forth Worth, police in Denver were interviewing people who were at a nightclub Williams visited New Year's Eve before he was killed.
Investigators have talked to "numerous people that could possibly be witnesses and people that definitely are witnesses, and we will continue to do so because we continue to receive information," Detective Virginia Quinones said Friday.
Police were issued a warrant to search the 1988 Chevrolet Tahoe possibly connected to the shooting death of Darrent Williams.
Investigators also have obtained a warrant to search a 1998 Chevrolet Tahoe seized Thursday. Police believe the SUV, found in a remote neighborhood of snow-covered empty lots and industrial construction sites east of Denver, might have been used in the shooting. It had been partially spray-painted black, and the Tahoe's license plates also matched the one sought by investigators.
Police won't disclose whether they know the motive for the slaying but have said there was an altercation at the nightclub.
A person close to the investigation told The Associated Press the SUV is registered to Brian K. Hicks of Denver, who is jailed on unrelated drug and attempted murder charges. The person declined to be identified, because state law prohibits officials from identifying whom a vehicle is registered to.
Quinones would not comment whether Hicks had agreed to be interviewed or whether gang involvement was suspected in Williams' death.
Hicks, 28, has been jailed since Nov. 9 on a charge of possessing drugs with intent to distribute. He also is accused of shooting at a woman who was later killed a week before she was to testify against him.
Hicks was in custody the day of the shooting, but police want to know who was using the vehicle in the early morning hours Jan. 1.


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Alphabet Puzzle
Learn your ABC's with our bold, chunky Wood Alphabet Puzzle. Each of the twenty-six letters fits into a color-coded cut out on the puzzle board. Your little one may even experiment with spelling small words with these chunky letters! This wooden alphabet puzzle was designed in France by Janod.?ÿMore Details →
Bright Alphabet Puzzle
Our Bright Alphabet Puzzle by Hape makes learning the ABC's fun. Featuring brightly colored, chunky letters that fit into a cut-out board, your child will enjoy using the letters to practice the alphabet and spell simple words. The letters stand up on their own, so they can also be used for decorative purposes in a child's room by creating simpl...More Details →
Little Red Rider
Our Little Red Rider by Hape cleverly transforms from a sturdy, stable walker to a foot-powered scooter ride-on. The "trunk" is perfect for storing favorite treasures or taking teddy along for the ride. The wheels are great for encouraging both gross motor skills and pretend play. This well designed, finely crafted walker makes an excellent, end...More Details →
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Numbers Puzzle
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Our beautiful Numbers Puzzle by Hape makes learning fun! Featuring brightly colored, chunky numbers and mathematic symbols that fit into a sturdy cut-out board, your child will enjoy practicing counting, adding, subtracting, sequencing, and color matching! The numbers stand up on their own, so they can also be used for decorative purposes in a c...More Details →
Playable Art Ball
Have a ball with our new PlayableArt Ball! It's a toy, a puzzle, and a piece of art all-in-one. Designed in Germany, children, teens, and adults alike will all enjoy creating and puzzling with this award-winning wooden toy. The PlayableArt Ball features 20 interconnected balls in rainbow hues, that can be manipulated and twisted into an infini...More Details →


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I made a game, for Halloween
By BlazeHedgehog 29 Comments
So yeah. Here's that thing I mentioned in my last blog post. Sort of a minigame-fangame thing that's kind of like Pac-man and kind of not. If you want to download it, hit up this link right here. Everything about this game is pretty simple - if you've ever played Pac-Man, that's more or less what's going on here, though there are a few key twists. It'll probably be more fun if you figure those out for yourself, though, as I've made them obvious enough in the game itself that they should not need explanation. If you need controls, they too, are pretty simple. There's a readme if you want more info, but you probably don't need it.
As I said in my last blog - I may come back to this later and add a few more ideas, depending on how well its received. But for now, I have to move on to another (higher profile) project. I should also get around to writing that M&S review...


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App Description
Ever wish you could bring your favourite car magazine to life? Well now you can, simply download the TG MAG EXTRA App to view exclusive videos and content in the pages of Top Gear magazine using the latest augmented reality technology.
Look out for the in-magazine pages that carry the TG MAG EXTRA icon, wherever it appears, simply open the app and point your iPhone, iPod Touch or iPad 2 camera at the page to view and unlock a world of extra content.
1) Download and open the app
2) Point your device at the pages that carry the TG Mag Extra icon
3) Watch as the pages come to virtual life
4) Tap onscreen buttons and links
5) Double tap videos to toggle full screen mode
App Changes
- June 05, 2014 Initial release


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Park Ridge, Illinois 60068
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
OBJECTIVE To join an aggressive and competitive financial company in the area of trading and market analysis that will adjust to changes in the markets.
EDUCATION Master Business Administration - Finance
DePaul University, Chicago, IL
Graduated - winter 1985
Bachelor of Arts - concentration in management/accounting
Eckerd College St. Petersburg FL.
Graduated - spring 1983
EXPERIENCE Steve Fosset Trading Co. 1985-1986 Foreign Currency option trader. Made option markets on the floor of the CBOE . Performed all aspects of market making. Kept track of deltas, vega, theta, gammas and rho. Adjusted positions to delta neutral using numerous strategies.
F.P. Quinn 1986-1990 Market maker in stock options on the floor of the CBOE. Made daily decisions on all aspects of trading from hedging strategies to volatility changes to positioning risk. Constantly made open outcry option price changes. Led in opening rotation pricing.
Independent Trader 1990-1994 Market maker on the floor of the CBOE. Used the same trading ideas that were learned from my experience with F.P.Quinn. I was a leader in the pit.
Tiger Options 1994- 2000 Market maker on the floor of the CBOE. Managed the Chicago trading office which included 4-10 floor traders. Handled all office activities from employment to risk. Taught and discussed trading strategies with traders.
Independent trader 2000-2002 Market maker on the floor of the CBOE.
Off-floor trader 2002-present Trading stocks and options off-floor using a variety of market analysis tools along with my 16 year experience as a market maker on the floor of the CBOE to adapt to the change of open outcry to electronic trading.
August 2010 – current Day trading stock with Cassatt Short Term Fund (62% winning percentage).
February 2011- current On the floor of the CBOE advising trading opportunities for a LMM.
SKILLS Advised the development of the first hand held trading device on the CBOE. I worked with many stock and option trading platforms and evolved over the years from trading using a card to a hand-held computer. Trading strategies include the use of technical and fundamental analysis along with statistical probabilities. I'm always gathering information to form a trading strategy. Have published a few thoughts for the past 4 years on my blog- http://tvukestockmarketthoughts.blogspot.com/search?updated-min=2008-01-01T00%3A00%3A00-08%3A00&updated-max=2009-01-01T00%3A00%3A00-08%3A00&max-results=1
ACTIVITIES Coach travel baseball for past 7 years
Coached basketball for the travel and church leagues.
Played on the 1979 Illinois State basketball Class AA champion - Maine South.
Played baseball for 4 years in college and 10 years semi-pro.
Member Illinois Sports Hall of Fame
REFERENCES Furnished upon request
Customer Service Manager
Chicago, IL - trader, salesforce, trading, series, broker,...
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Manager Vice President
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Life Insurance Sales
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text:
Veal Roulades
|Veal cutlets
|1 1⁄2 Pound (6 Cutlets)
|Peanut oil
|1⁄2 Cup (8 tbs)
|2 Large, chopped
|Fresh bread crumbs
|1⁄2 Cup (8 tbs)
|Chopped parsley
|1⁄4 Cup (4 tbs)
|1⁄2 Teaspoon
|Freshly ground pepper
|1⁄2 Teaspoon
|Egg yolk
|1 , beaten
|1⁄4 Cup (4 tbs)
|1 Cup (16 tbs)
|12 Small
|12 Small
|Green hot pepper/5 dried italian pepper pods
|1 Tablespoon
|1 Tablespoon
Pound the meat until flattened.
Set aside.
Heat oil in a small skillet and saute the chopped onion.
Add bread crumbs, parsley, salt, and pepper; stir to blend.
Remove from heat and stir in egg yolk.
Spread some of the mixture on each piece of meat.
Roll up the slices of meat and secure with string.
Melt 14 cup butter in a large skillet and brown the roulades.
Add stock.
Simmer covered over low heat or cook in a 375°F oven about 2 hours, or until tender; add onions, carrots, and pepper halfway through cooking.
Transfer meat and vegetables to a warm platter and keep hot.
Discard pepper.
Mix butter and cornstarch and put into skillet juices.
Stir constantly over medium heat until sauce is slightly thicker.
Pour sauce over roulades.
Serve with caribbean rice


text:
Crusty toast
By Sonal on Oct 04, 2012
this is very yummy and easy to make receipe plus fullfilling ,i believe once u will try u will luv to make it again.very simple receipe just u need slices of white bread (makes it much better),sooji,cream or malai ,salt,pepper,rai(browm mustard seeds) thats it.
Basic Information
Prep Time: Under 15 min
Cook Time: Under 15 min
Serves: 2 people
Yield: 4-5 crusty toast depends on the size of the slice
- onions-medium size-1
- malai or cream-3-4tsp
- sooji-1-2tsp
- rai(brown mustard)-1/4 tsp
- black pepper-as per ur taste
- white bread-4 slices
- salt -to taste
- butter for greasing
firstly mix malai,sooji,pepper,salt onions and mix well leave it for 5 mins.this will make creamy paste if not just add more malai,we just want pasty consistency .
then apply sufficient quantity over slice on one side ,and butter or clarified butter(desi ghee)on another side,and toast it on non-stick tava till golden brwon on one side,and light brown on another side.ready to eat.
its now ready to eat.yummy crusty toast
This recipe was contributed by a ChefInYou member.
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Spanish Reading Knowledge Exam
This translation exam, which also includes a brief grammar section, is accepted by UW-Madison graduate programs. Register at least 1 week prior to your chosen exam date. No refund after registration.
At a glance
What: Spanish Reading Knowledge Exam
When: Th, Aug 13, 1:30-3:45pm
Where: 21 N Park St, Rm 7202, Madison, WI
Cost: $45
Register Online
or register by phone at
Register by
August 06, 2015
Register at least 1 week prior to your chosen exam date
For additional information, contact Jeff Kirsch: 608-262-3428


text:
A key principle of just-war theory is the principle of discrimination: You should tailor your violence as narrowly as possible.
Charles Krauthammer called Gorbachev "Khrushchev with a tailor."
But can I tailor those opinions and soften them on behalf of a successful campaign?
late 13c., from Anglo-French tailour, Old French tailleor "tailor," literally "a cutter," from tailler "to cut," from Medieval Latin taliator vestium "a cutter of clothes," from Late Latin taliare "to split," from Latin talea "a slender stick, rod, staff, a cutting, twig," on the notion of a piece of a plant cut for grafting.
Possible cognates include Sanskrit talah "wine palm," Old Lithuanian talokas "a young girl," Greek talis "a marriageable girl" (for sense, cf. slip of a girl, twiggy), Etruscan Tholna, name of the goddess of youth.
Although historically the tailor is the cutter, in the trade the 'tailor' is the man who sews or makes up what the 'cutter' has shaped. [OED]Tailor-made first recorded 1832 (in a figurative sense); originally "heavy and plain," as of women's garments made by a tailor rather than a dress-maker.
1660s, from tailor (n.). Figurative sense of "to design (something) to suit needs" is attested from 1942. Related: Tailored; tailoring.


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Sorry if already discussed in one of the 20 choo threads, but has Dusty commented on why he doesnt have Heisey in center when he's playing? Especially with Ludwick out for a while? Would Choo be more comfortable in left?
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Sorry if already discussed in one of the 20 choo threads, but has Dusty commented on why he doesnt have Heisey in center when he's playing? Especially with Ludwick out for a while? Would Choo be more comfortable in left?
I believe the logic is that there's no point in moving Choo over if Ludwick is going to be back this year because then he wouldn't get the time to learn centre before having to move back if Luddy returns.
- When/if Ludwick comes back Choo would have to relearn CF. Why not leave him there in hopes he becomes comfortable
Other reasons that might factor in
- Choo is not a LF by trade either
- If Ludwick doesn't come back it would be much easier to acquire a LF than a CF at trading deadline
- Heisey has not shown he is an everyday player
Every game is just as important. Game 1 counts the same as game 137. What makes this team the best, LF-CF-RF... Heisey/Choo/Bruce or Choo/Heisey/Bruce?
I have to go with option #2. When Paul plays for Heisey, then do what you will. But when it is Heisey and Choo in the lineup, this team is better defensively w/ Heisey in CF. I want the best defensive team in the field. PERIOD.
As noted, I think Baker has been quite clear about his thinking. I can't definitely say that yesterday's game will be an aberration, but I think it will be. He won't be perfect out there, but the couple of games I've seen, he's handled it reasonably well.
Yesterday's game was essentially a perfect storm - two extremely well hit ball during a sunny day game. I like that Choo stepped up and refused to make excuses. I like that the team rallied behind him and understood that his glove is not the paramount reason he's with this club. I like Latos' take on this and his own fault in putting a couple of fat pitches up there with a batter who knows what to do with such lollipops.
Choo is proving to be everything I hoped for when we acquired him. And bravo to the club with deciding that we shouldn't waver on our intent to keep him where we planned. This club is every bit as good as we thought it would be.
I expect to see errors like this just about every time Choo plays center for the first time in a stadium. He had issues in the first game in Cincinnati but was solid after that. He's a smart ballplayer and a hard worker: he'll be fine second time through the division.
Choo will be the CF come playoff time -- either because Ludwick has come back and is manning LF or because Walt has acquired a bat for LF at the deadline.
If he's going to be playing CF in October, I'd rather get the mistakes out of the way now and have him as comfortable as humanly possible.
Obviously Heisey has more experience in CF than Choo, but Dusty doesn't seem to love him in that position.
The big issue is Choo in the vast centerfields. He might not cover enough ground. Not sure Heisey would either.
We might see Derrick Robinson out there once in awhile. Derrick and Billy Hamilton could cover the outfield by themselves.
I wouldn't be too optimistic about Choo in centre regardless of how many games he plays there to be honest. He wasn't a great RF defender that kind of problem will just compound in CF. He would do us much more good on a corner outfield spot, but hopefully he can learn this late in his career.
I'm guessing that Baker doesn't want Choo to have to learn two new OF positions at the same time.
OK, based on the responses above---why not BRUCE in center and Choo in right??


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Hello from sunny San Diego (well actually, its been raining so the truth is that it DOES in fact rain in San Diego!)!
It has been eons since I've last updated my journal, life has just been hectic with the start of the softball season and having a 20 month old little monster living in my house!!
Things are going really well. We (San Diego State) played our first tournament this past weekend, and we ended up 2-2. We played 4 tight games, and almost knocked off UCLA but lost to them in 9 innings. I have to admit, it was very odd being in the other dugout and wanting to kick the Bruins tails. I spent so many awesome moments of my life in the OTHER dugout, so I had to really mentally prepare myself before our game against the Bruins. In the end, we had our chances to win but couldn't pull it off.
We picked up two wins on Saturday, so I can officially say that for an entire 24 hours I was 100% undefeated as a coach. My career totals for coaching were 2 wins and 0 losses. It was fun to be able to say that, even if it was only for 24 hours!
I must say that coaching in real games – not Fall scrimmages – really got my adrenaline rushing. I wasn't sure how it would feel to be in the coaches box and in the dugout rather than on the field, but I really enjoyed the rush and the intensity. I caught myself getting a little too intense and fired up a couple of times, but that's the lessons I'll learn as a new coach.
And like I used to do as a player, I also did a post-weekend assessment of myself as a coach: what did I do well, what could I have done better, what can we (the team) work on, what do I need to improve upon, etc. I strongly believe that self-evaluation is crucial to making improvements and keeping yourself accountable. Like my husband always says, "Past is Prologue", so unless we learn from our mistakes we are destined to make the same mistakes over and over again.
Chase is growing like a weed, and his vocabulary is ever-expanding. He's mostly still using single words. He favors animals: he knows turtle, elephant, fish, bird, tiger (complete with a grrrr noise!), doggy, kitty, sheep, frog, and many others. The only real three-word phrase he knows is "I'll get it!" if he drops something. It warms my heart to hear him expand his world and vocabulary all at the same time.
Hope everyone is excited at the start of college softball. I can't believe its already here after all of the months of practice, practice, practice. Let the games begin!
Take care, and Dream BIG!


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Red phone boxes in Cambridge set to become kiosks selling drinks, ice cream or souvenirs
Posted: June 01, 2014|
Two red phone boxes in the middle of Cambridge are set for a new lease of life.
An application has been submitted to turn the boxes outside Great St Mary's Church into retail kiosks – selling hot drinks, ice cream, shoeshine or souvenirs.
The request, which has been submitted to the city council, said: "The concept of a public telephone box is now outdated as the majority of people own a mobile phone.
"The proposed new use maintains their iconic appearance but reinvents their use to suit the 21st century."
A consultation runs until June 20.


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Updated 09/18/2013
Tucked into the Humber River Valley, the Old Mill is the only country inn within the city limits of Toronto. Manicured English gardens and an arched stone bridge flank the 1914 Tudor-style building. Burnished mahogany and cherrywood tables, chairs, and beds (some four-poster) grace guest rooms. Gas fireplaces and large whirlpool tubs invite romance, and each room has a view of the wooded banks of the Humber River Valley. Exposed stone walls and a 50-foot-high solid fir cathedral ceiling define the manor-house restaurant, the Old Mill Dining Room. There's dinner and dancing six nights a week, luncheon buffets, and afternoon tea. It's a 15-minute drive or subway ride from downtown and about 25 minutes by car from the airport.
21 Old Mill Rd., at Bloor St. W, Toronto, Ontario, M8X 1G5, Canada
416-236–2641; 866-653–6455
Website: www.oldmilltoronto.com
Hotel Details:
Updated 09/18/2013
By Jack_K
Sep 26, 2013
The Old Mill Inn is nestled in an almost park like setting near the Humber River. I say almost because the ever expanding metropolis of TO is moving in. There is construction of a new building going up across the street. And although it's stated here that every room has a view of the Humber River valley, my room's (520) view was of the dumpsters for a large semi highrise next door. That really didn't upset me. I didn't plan to spend a lot of
time looking out my hotel window. The Old Mill reminds me somewhat of the old Guild Inn on the other side of town. The Mill is much better maintained but the Guild in its day had them beat for the park atmosphere. I rated the Old Mill as a great value and here's why. Our room included a continental breakfast in the dining area. Our room included free wifi. Our room included free parking (open lot across the street). If you take advantage of all those, you would probably be saving 60 to 70 dollars per day over similar properties that charge for those. Service at the Mill was somewhat uneven. Some things were handled excellently. Others just so-so although nothing I experienced would prevent me from staying again. The one real downside of the hotel is its location. It's great if you're just staying on the grounds but travel to other parts of the city can be trying. Driving down Bloor to the center of town (Younge) took almost an hour during peak times. The other big downside are the weddings. They are not part of the hotel of course but wedding people can be rather self absorbed and just rude. The Mill gets really small and cramped on Friday and Saturday when the entourages start to arrive. Fortunately, all that stays outside once you shut the door to your room.
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